Patent Publication Number: US-7724438-B2

Title: Lenticular optical system

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/677,589 filed Oct. 2, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,989,931 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/363,988 filed Jul. 22, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,751,024 which claims priority under 35 USC Sec. 120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/375,405, filed Jan. 18, 1995, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,642,226, issued Jun. 24, 1997, and also claims priority under 35 USC Sec. 305 of PCT/IB/96/00224, filed Jan. 17, 1996, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. The international application, under PCT article 21(2), was published in English. 

   This invention relates generally to optical systems and more particularly to a lenticular optical system through which various composite images can be viewed. 
   Lenticular lenses are well known for use in optical systems to produce various types of unique optical effects. The known lenticular lens systems generally include a transparent sheet having a plane surface on one side thereof and on the other side, a series of parallel longitudinal ridges creating a multi-lenticular system of convex lenses. A print sheet or medium is generally disposed at the back of the lens adjacent to or on the plain surface. The print sheet contains at least two alternate series of spaced image lines, each series of image lines constituting a dissection or breakup of a master picture. The two series of image lines are so optically related with respect to the lens elements as to be alternately visible upon positional changes of the viewer with respect to the lenses. When viewed from one position, the first series of image lines are visible so as to display the first composite picture. When viewed from a second position, the second series of line are visible so as to display the second composite picture. 
   The same lenticular system can also be utilized to produce a three-dimensional picture effect. In forming such effects, the two images respectively constitute a right eye view of an object and a left eye view of the same object in normal visual parallax. The lenticular lenses are placed to be along a line perpendicular to an imaginary line drawn through the two pupils of the eyes of the viewer. In this manner, the convex lenses provide the desired optical effect to divert light rays from the image lines making up the right eye elements of the picture into the right eye of the viewer and, in the same way, the left eye elements of the picture into left eye of the viewer, thereby creating the illusion of three-dimensional vision in the viewer&#39;s mind. 
   A major drawback of existing lenticular lens systems, such as those disclosed in my prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,541,727 and 4,034,555, is the fact that neither image can be placed at varying distances beneath the lens and be viewed successfully, nor is it possible to place a three-dimensional object beneath the lens sheet at varying distances and be viewed. Thus, the applications of existing lenticular lens systems are restricted. Such capability of placing an object or image beneath the first composite image would greatly expand the applications to which the system could be used. 
   Another drawback of existing lenticular lens systems is the fact that materials that are sufficiently thin enough for packaging and other large-scale commercial uses cannot be made using the most economical printing technologies. In traditional lenticular lens material, the thickness is the same dimension as the focal length, which is approximately three times the radius of curvature of the lens. With the limits of quality consistent mass printing, in the order of being able to print lenticular material in the order of 100 lenticules/inch, the lens material thickness is greater than 0.017 in. thick. In addition, where the object is to grab viewers&#39; attention as they walk past, the traditional lens materials change too quickly for use as our two-phase system of image to see-through. The traditional materials change several times with too short a view of each phase. Another drawback of the known technique for fabricating lenticular lens is the inability to economically register the print lines to the lenses with the required critical parallel alignment. 
   A significant commercial use for materials with a dynamic change in views from an opaque picture view to a view of the interior contents is in packaging, and particularly the mass beverage and snack food packaging market. Surveys show that over 80 percent of consumers make their final purchasing decisions in the store. In beverage and snack food marketing, with a crowded field of products, it is essential to “catch the eye” of the consumer. There is a current need for an improved lenticular system in which a juxtaposition of advertising images and actual three-dimensional product within creates an enhanced visual attraction. 
   Lenticular optical system that create 3-D images and images which change with changes in viewing position have been produced for many years by printing pictures on sheets which are laminated to lenticular lens sheets. The lens sheets are injection molded, extruded, and embossed. The embossing has been typically done with a spiral engraving of the cylinder. This creates a skew of the emboss lines, which makes it extremely difficult to align the lenticular ridges parallel to the print lines. It is essential that the image lines be parallel to the ridges lines for 3-D and even more critical for image-to-see-through animation systems. This parallel relationship must be maintained in order to keep the ‘see-through’ slits open for a clear view of the objects beyond the plane of the lens sheet. If the lines and lens ridge are not mutually parallel, the image will not be capable of changing in a clear left-right, or up-down animation. Instead, the image would change in the form of diagonal bands diminishing in size with further misalignment of the parallel. 
   It is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved lenticular optical system and an improved process for fabricating such a system. 
   It is an object of the present invention to provide a lenticular optical system in which a composite image is viewable from one angle and an object or image placed at a selected distance between the composite image is viewable from a second angle. 
   It is a further object of the present invention to provide a lenticular optical system which provides a first composite image which can be viewed through lenticular lenses wherein the first composite image is formed of a plurality of spaced apart parallel strips with transparent stripes therebetween. 
   Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a lenticular optical system through which at least two composite pictures can be viewed and wherein an object will be viewed at a third angle. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a lenticular-type optical system which permits the placement of an object image at a plurality of preselected distances beneath a composite image for viewing at different angles. 
   Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an optical system in which one composite picture may be viewed from one angle and a three-dimensional object may be viewed from another angle. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a lenticular optical system which permits independent replacement of each composite image. 
   Another object of the invention is to provide optical systems which permit production of thin materials which are particularly useful for packaging. 
   Still another object of the present invention is to provide a multiple container packaging having an area having a lenticular lens system permitting the view of a first composite picture along one viewing direction and a second composite image, the actual individual containers within the outer package at another viewing angle. 
   Still another object of the present invention is to provide an array of packages with lenticular image to see-through portions which create a continuum of moving images. 
   Still another object of the present invention is to provide container labels having an area of lenticular lens system permitting view of two or more sets of information in a limited area, permitting the view of composite graphic information from certain directions of view and the contents of the containers from other viewing directions. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for fabricating a lenticular optical system in which the required accurate alignment for the quality control necessary for the economical printing of the large quantities needed for packaged goods and other commercial printing is achieved. 
   Another object of the invention is to overcome the limitations and disadvantages of prior lenticular optical systems. 
   According to one aspect of the concept of the present invention the novel means employed to overcome the limitations of the prior art include an optical lens system comprising a transparent sheet having a surface on one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular cylindrical lenses. The transparent sheet has a thickness in the range of between the dimension of the radius, and two times the radius. Herein it is a non-focusing lens, yet it functions adequately to view the light reflected and refracted from the two phases of the image stripe, and the clear stripe, the ‘see-through’ view. In addition, at the same time, it overcomes the limitation of the thicker traditional focusing lens which changes view of the phases too rapidly. The focusing lens can fill the lens with stripes in the order of 1/100th of the image. In the present invention in the two phase image-to-see-through system, we wish to see approximately half the image area at one time. In addition, to enhance the ‘see-through’ view, the image stripes are printed thinner than the intervening clear ‘window’ stripes. 
   According to one aspect of the present invention, an optical system comprises a transparent sheet having a plane surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite surface is constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular lenses. A first composite image is positioned with respect to the plane surface of the transparent sheet. The first composite image is formed of a plurality of spaced apart parallel strips with transparent strips therebetween. A second composite image can be positioned beneath the first composite image. 
   According to another aspect of the present invention, the optical system comprises a transparent sheet having a plane surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular-type lens ridges, each ridge including parallel convex lens and planer portions, the planar portions being disposed at a selected angle with respect to the plane surface. A composite image portion is positioned with respect to the plane surface of the transparent sheet. The composite image is formed of a plurality of spaced apart parallel strip portions forming intervening void portions which permit the passage of light therethrough from said planar portions. The composite image is viewable through the convex lens portions. An object image is positioned beneath and spaced at a preselected distance from said first surface, the object image being viewable in focus through the planar portions. 
   According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the optical lens system comprises a transparent sheet having a first surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated convex lenses. The first surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planar portions having a composite image positioned thereupon with transparent concave lens portions therebetween which permit the passage of light therethrough. The convex lenses and the concave lenses combine to form a combined lens of zero power of magnification. An object image, either planar or three-dimensional, is positioned beneath the sheet at a preselected distance, whereby the object image can be viewed through the transparent concave lens portions without distortion. 
   According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the optical lens system comprises a transparent sheet having a first surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated convex lenses. The first surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planar portions having a composite image positioned thereupon with transparent inset convex lens portions therebetween which permit the passage of light therethrough. The convex lenses and the inset convex lenses which have the same radius combine to form a combined lens of zero power of magnification. An object image, either planar or three-dimensional, is positioned beneath the sheet at a preselected distance, whereby the object image can be viewed through the transparent convex lens portions without distortion. 
   According to yet another aspect of the optical lens system comprises a transparent sheet having a first surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated truncated parabolic lens, the truncated surface being parallel to the plane surface. A composite image is formed of a plurality of spaced apart parallel strip portions forming intervening void portions which permit the passage of light therethrough from said planar portions. The composite image is viewable at side views through the convex (parabolic) lens portions. From the left and right views the truncated plane surfaces are blocked by the height of the lens ridges at these angles. An object is positioned at a preselected distance from said first surface, the object image being viewable in focus through the planar truncated portions when viewed straight on. 
   In another aspect of the invention, the parabolic lens permits the utilization of a sheet approximately ⅓ the thickness of a standard radius lens deign with the same number of lens ridges/inch. This is essential in the utilization of commercially economical printing production, wherein the best equipment has the limitation of printing lenticular materials in the order of 100 lenticles per inch a maximum. The standard radius 100/inch lenticular would require a thickness of approximately 0.017 inch. 
   According to yet another aspect of the invention, the optical lens system comprises a transparent sheet having a first surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel, lenticulated fresnel cylindrical lenses. Said first surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planer portions having a composite image positioned thereupon with intervening void portions. 
   According to yet another aspect of the invention, the opposite second surface of the optical lens system may be constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated diffractive cylindrical lenses. Said first surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planer portions having a composite image positioned thereupon with intervening void portions. 
   According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the optical system comprises a transparent sheet having a first surface at one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated holographic optical element portions having the power of cylindrical convex lenses. Said first surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planar portions having a composite image positioned thereupon with intervening void portions. 
   According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a printed film system comprises a transparent film sheet having a first surface at one side of the film sheet, the viewing side, printed with a plurality of parallel spaced apart opaque lines, and its second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel spaced apart image lines. The parallel image lines form a composite image when viewed off angle from the verticle. An object positioned beneath and spaced at a preselected distance from said second surface, is viewable in focus when viewed from the straight on viewing position in front of the first surface. 
   In another aspect of the invention, the lenticular lens is used as an area of an outer package for a multi container package creating alternate views of AD graphics and individual containers within. 
   In another aspect of the invention, the lenticular lens packages are combined in an array to form multiple visual images. 
   According to an aspect of the present invention, the novel means to overcome the limitation of traditional container labels includes producing a thin printed lenticular film, and gluing on, laminating an otherwise affixing the film to the container. The lenticulation can be pre-embossed on the film, embossed during mold bottle manufacture, or embossed by label affixing machinery. 
   Another aspect involves an animation from an opaque pictorial view at one angle of view, to a change to a ‘see-through’ to the contents of the container at another angle of view, utilizing a transparent attachment material. Other aspects involve non ‘see-through’ animation images and 3-D images. 
   Another aspect of the present invention involves adjusting the print line graphics to the curved surface of many containers. To accomplish this, the image lines must be compressed in the axis perpendicular to the lines, so that the image will change as a whole as the viewer passes the container. If this adjustment were not incorporated into the production, the viewer would see only verticle bands of the image, rather than the whole image. 
   According to another aspect of the present invention, improved accuracy in alignment is achieved by a process in which the lenticular ridges are impressed into the film with a rotary tool, the grooves of which are perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and have been precisely indexed after engraving each increment and each groove is identical and equidistant from the previous groove. The tool can be used in a multiple group engraving tool, or a singular engraver. In the second step of the process the film is cut at right angles to the coherent axis of the embossing cylinder and parallel to the parallel embossed ridges. The cutting is done in close proximity to the embossing or the unwind of a preembossed film roll, for greater accuracy. This cutting creates a cut parallel to the lenticular ridge pattern. 
   The print indicia lines are thus aligned with the lens material: The parallel line indicia must be aligned squarely with the print cylinders and edge guides. The film with its parallel lens ridges and mutually parallel edge are guided squarely into the printing presses and line up with the parallel line indicia, parallel with the film. This can be accomplished due to the mutually parallel edges. 
   In the case of web printing processes, the film web is guided into the press with the ridges at right angles to the cylinders. For sheet printing, the lens film first must be cut at right angles to create sheets. It is preferable to feed the sheets into the sheet presses with the lens ridges parallel to the print cylinders. Print lines are mutually parallel on the print cylinders, producing print lines on the sheets parallel to the edge and to the ridge lines. 
   To further achieve the desired parallel alignment, an additional step can be incorporated into the process in which embossed film is guided into the printing and laminating processes by devices producing sensory responses to the differential of parallel ridges, valleys, and edges. These devices may include optical, ultrasonic, laser and other differential sensory response devices. 
   According to another aspect of the process of the present invention, the printing step can be initiated first, with subsequent combining with the embossed optical ridges. First, parallel line indicia are printed on a web of film with print indicia lines parallel with the longitudinal direction of the web and with the register marks in the margins of the film. Next, the film with the parallel print lines is guided with optical sensors which read the parallel lines and/or the registration marks, in order to align the print lines straight into the apparatus which will add the parallel embossed lenticular lens grid. The embossing units have a cylinder with indexed annular grooves. Forming the embossed ridges can be accomplished by various methods. In one method, the embossing roller is warm enough to overcome the elastic memory of the film and to set the new lenticular surface into the film. Another method involves heating the film with a first warm roller or infra-red radiation or other heating methods, and while warm, embossing with a cool embossing roller which acts as a heat sink and sets in the grooves. Another method involves casting a polymer onto the embossing cylinder by exposing the polymer to UV, EB or other antic radiation as it is coated onto the film web, setting up the lenticular ridges. This can be cast onto the printed web or a second web which is laminated to the printed web. 
   According to another aspect of the process of the current invention, the process for producing a lenticular lens material having parallel lens to print alignment is produced by silkscreen printing lines of clear resin. The lines of resin can be printed as parallel ridges beads which naturally form a slope creating the convex lenticular bar-lens ridges. The lines of resin are delineated by minimal line spaces between the lines. However, as they are printed the lines flow slightly wider, thereby reducing the gap between the grid of adjacent resin lines such that the lens line curves nearly intersect. The silkscreen process can lay down a height of resin commensurate with lenticular ridges (as much as 0.003 in). The ridges can be set with UV and other methods. Another step in alignment involves printing parallel line indicia on the reverse side of the film web in a perfecter mode if the printing is in line, thereby assuring mutual parallel alignment of the line indicia to the silkscreened ridges. The two steps of the process can also be accomplished in reverse order. The printing may be on the same side of the film, with a flood coat of resin cured over the print first, after which the lens ridges are screen printed. The print lines may be printed by letterpress, offset, gravure, or the like, while the lens ridges are silkscreened. 
   According to another aspect of the process of the present invention, the process for producing a lenticular lens material having parallel lens to print alignment is produced by printing clear varnish ink repellent stripes. Said clear stripes are printed parallel to the emboss ridges on the opposite side of the film. The repellent properties of these low energy stripes make it possible to start with a continuous image on a printing plate or equivalent origination, and only have alternating lines of print adhere to the substrate, said adhering lines corresponding to the spaces between the previously printed clear varnish lines. 
   According to another aspect of the process of the present invention, the process for producing a lenticular lens material having parallel lens to print alignment is produced by printing thick lines of clear varnish. Said varnish lines create a differential height from the adjacent unprinted alternating stripes. Thereafter, a continuous full image on a printing plate or equivalent origination can be adjusted to transfer ink only to the raised stripes, therein leaving said alternating stripes, which are devoid of the thick varnish. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     My invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of specific embodiments of the invention, considered together with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views and in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles on which the prior art ‘opaque’ devices operate; 
       FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles of ‘image-see-through’ prior art utilizing conventional ‘arc of circle’ radius lenticles; 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates another prior art system;  FIG. 3B  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a first embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a second embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 5  is a three dimensional view of the elements constituting the lens system in  FIG. 4 ; 
       FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a third embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 7  is a three-dimensional view of the elements constituting the lens system in  FIG. 6 ; 
       FIG. 8A  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a fourth embodiment of the present invention operates;  FIG. 8B  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principals upon which a fifth embodiment of the present invention operates. 
       FIG. 9  is a three-dimensional view of the elements constituting the lens system shown in  FIG. 8A ; 
       FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a sixth embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 11  is a three-dimensional view of the elements constituting the lens system in  FIG. 10 ; 
       FIG. 12  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a seventh embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 13  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a eighth embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 14  is a three-dimensional view of the elements constituting the lens system shown in  FIG. 13 ; 
       FIG. 15  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a ninth embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 16  is a diagrammatic view showing the optical principles upon which a tenth embodiment of the present invention operates; 
       FIG. 17  is a three-dimensional view of the elements constituting the lens system in  FIG. 16 ; 
       FIGS. 18A and 18B  show perspective views of a multi-beverage package having an area of lenticular lens; 
       FIGS. 19A and 19B  show perspective views of an array of multiple beverage packages; 
       FIG. 20A  shows a three-dimensional view of a container with a lenticular area; and  FIG. 20B  shows a cross-section of container wall with lenticular area. 
       FIG. 21  is a three-dimensional view showing a process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 22  is a diagrammatic view showing a process for creating an enclosed lenticular film in accordance with the process of the present invention; 
       FIG. 23  is a three-dimensional view showing a process of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 24 and 25  are diagrammatic cross-sectional views showing a process in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 26  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view showing a process of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 27  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view showing process of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a diagrammatic view of a prior art lenticular device, which includes a lenticular screen  10  having a plane surface  12  on one side thereof. Screen  10  includes on its other side a continuous series of ridges  14  which form the lens patterns. Beneath the lenticular screen is a sheet  16  which contains two alternate series of spaced image lines  18 ,  20 . The image lines  18  constitute a dissection of a first master picture, whereas the image lines  20  constitute the dissection of a second master picture. The two series of image lines are optically arranged so as to be alternately visible upon positional change of the viewer with respect to the screen. 
   By viewing the arrangement shown in  FIG. 1  from position A, the lines of sight  9  are directed to the lenticular screen at any angle such that they are refracted toward the image lines  18  so that in effect a coherent and comprehensive image of the first master picture will be viewed by the viewer&#39;s eye. If the viewing position were moved to position B, then the lines of sight  11  would strike the curved faces  14  at such an angle that only the picture elements  20  are visible and a composite and comprehensive picture of the second master picture would be viewable by the viewer&#39;s eye. 
   In the prior art device of  FIG. 1 , both picture elements are alternately placed in series of spaced image lines along a single sheet  16  lying in a single plane beneath the lens system. As a result, if one would want to change one of the composite pictures  18 , it would be necessary to replace the entire sheet  16 , which would also necessitate replacing the picture elements  20 . The second image sheet  24  that contains the second composite image, as shown in  FIG. 2 , need not be formed into a plurality of spaced apart parallel strips as a dissection of the composite picture, but rather may include a continuum of the second composite image. An apparent image of the entire composite picture will be viewable through the transparent strips  26  located in the first image sheet  22 . 
     FIG. 3A  illustrates another prior art lenticular system in which, a transparent sheet  30  includes a first surface  31 , on one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular lens  32 . The first surface is constituted by a plurality of image lines making up either a multi-phase animation, or multiple left-right eye views for  3  dimensional images. The transparent sheet  30 , is equal in thickness to the focal length of the lens, which is approximately 3 times the radius of the lens. 
   A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in  FIG. 3B . 
     FIG. 3B  illustrates a transparent sheet  33 , having a first surface  34 , on one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular ridges  35 . The first surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips portions  36 , positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Formed between portions  36  are intervening void portions  37 . The transparent sheet  33 , has a thickness in the range of between the dimension of the radius, and two times the dimension of the radius. 
   The word “image” is used wherein and in the claims hereinbelow is defined to mean a picture, design, writing, indicia, or information, printed by a printing press or made by an artist, or writer, or made by a photographic process or by any other means. The reference herein to “voids” or “transparent strips” expressly contemplates provision of voids as well as a transparent medium. 
   Alternatively, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changes. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
   An embodiment of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . With reference to  FIG. 4 , a transparent sheet  40  includes a first surface  41  on one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular parabolic convex lenses  42 . First surface  41  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips  43  positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Formed between portions  43  are intervening void portions  44 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , lines of sight  45  from viewing position A are directed to the convex lens portions  42  at such an angle that they are refracted toward parallel image strip portions  43 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite image; that is the picture elements  43  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. When viewed from position B, the lines of sight  46  will reach the lens at an angle whereby they will be deflected toward the transparent strips  44  through which the viewer will be able to see an object image as an apparent entire composite and comprehensive picture. The object image needs to be in close proximity to surface  41  in order for the object image viewed to be in clear focus. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
     FIG. 5  shows a three-dimensional view of the optical system of the embodiment of  FIG. 4  with the transparent sheet  40 , parallel parabolic convex lens  42 , and first surface  41  having parallel composite image strip portions  43 , and intervening void portions  44 . Image  74  is shown at preselected distance  x  from the first surface  41 , on image plane  47  which, for the purposes of exposition, is approximately parallel to first surface  41 , that is, to image strip portions  43 . 
   With reference to the embodiment of  FIG. 4 , it is noted that the parabolic shape of the lenses  42  permits the creation of thin film lenticulated materials wherein the same pitch or number of lenticules per inch can be formed as in much thicker prior art of circle lenticular designs. The same dimension print lines can be achieved in the present invention with the use of significantly thinner material. This is significant in that cost-effective production is significantly improved with the use of thinner materials. The use of thinner materials is directly related to the limits of commercial printing wherein the line thickness of approximately 0.005 inch registered with multiple color passes would be the finest that is efficiently printable. With the conventional radius designs, a material thickness of approximately 0.018 inch would be required. It is necessary to achieve the thinner material enabled by the present invention in order to make product available for the broad commercial areas of packaging and publishing, wherein major cost reductions, more available attachment methods for thinner materials, and overall reduction of material used are essential. This embodiment is also applicable for three-dimensional pictures. 
   Another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
   In the diagrammatic view of the invention at  FIG. 6 , images are viewed through a transparent lenticular-type screen, or sheet,  60  having a plane surface  62  at one side of the sheet and its opposite surface constituted by a plurality of lenticular-type parallel ridges  61 . Each ridge includes a convex lens portion  64  and a planar portion  66 , the portions  64  and  66  being parallel to one another. Planar portions  66  are at a preselected angle with respect to plane surface  62  for a purpose described below. 
   A composite image is positioned on surface  62  of sheet  60 , the image being formed of a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strip portions  68 . Formed between portions  68  are intervening void portions  70 . As shown on  FIG. 6 , lines of sight  72  from viewing portion A are directed to the convex lens portions  64  at such an angle that they are refracted toward parallel image strip portions  68 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite image. That is, the picture elements  68  form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
   Referring to  FIG. 6 , an image, which may be a three-dimensional object or a substantially flat image, referred to here as an object image  74 , is positioned directly beneath and at a preselected distance from plane surface  62 . The preselected angle at which planar lens portion  66  is disposed causes the light rays of line of sight  76  from viewing position B to strike plane surface  62  and to refract preferably perpendicular, or normal to surface  62  and to enter sheet  60  directly without refraction and so to continue directly to void portion  70  at which plane it is refracted at an angle that directs the light rays directly downwards to object image  74 . Thus the viewer can, by selecting either viewing position A or B alternately view the composite image or image strip portions  68  or the object image  74 . Object image  74  can, as noted above, be three-dimensional or two-dimensional. In addition, it can be disposed at any of a plurality of preselected distances, shown, for purposes of exposition, at distance X and at distance Y from surface  62 , labeled images  74  and  74 ′ respectively on image planes  77  and  78 . In order that the viewer be able to see image  74 , planar surface  66  must be disposed at such an angle to surface  62  that the light rays exit from void portions  70  normal to the surface of portions  70 . 
     FIG. 7  illustrates a three-dimensional view of the optical system showing transparent sheet  60  with parallel planar portions  66  and convex lens portions  64  or parallel ridges  61  and parallel image strip portions  68  and intervening void portions  70  with object images  74  and  74 ′ disposed at preselected distances x and y from plane surface  62 . Object  74  is shown disposed on a plane  77  and object  74 ′ is shown on a plane  78  for purposes of exposition. 
   With reference to the embodiment of  FIG. 6  it is noted that since there is no lens or curvature involved at either planar portions  66  or plane surface  62  at void portions  70 , there will be no distortion of the image and the image will, in addition, be in focus. Because of the present effect, however, object  74  will appear to the viewer at position B to be at a different location than in fact it is; that is, there will be a shift in the object&#39;s apparent position. 
   Another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
   With reference to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8A , a transparent sheet  80  includes a first surface  82  on one side and its opposite second surface is constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated convex lenses  84 . First surface  82  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planar portions  86  having parallel composite image strip portions  88  positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Transparent concave lens portions  89  are disposed between the parallel image portions  88 . Light from the convex lenses  84  can pass through concave lenses portions  89 . Convex lenses  84  and concave lens portions  89  together combine to form a single combined lens of zero power. 
   As shown in  FIG. 8A , lines of sight  90  are directed to convex lens portions  84  at such an angle that they are refracted toward parallel image strip portions  88 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite image, that is, picture elements  88  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. 
   Referring to  FIG. 8A , either a three-dimensional or substantially flat image, referred to here as object image  74 , is positioned directly beneath and at a preselected distance from first surface  82 . When the viewer is positioned at viewing position B, lines of sight  91  are directed at convex lenses  84  which are then refracted toward transparent concave lens portions  89  from where they exit at a refracted angle to continue to object  74 . Thus, object  74  can be viewed from position B without distortion. Object  74  can be disposed at a plurality of preselected positions beneath surface  82 , and, for purposes of exposition, object  74  is shown at an  x  distance and also at a  y  distance, where it is characterized as  74 ′. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
     FIG. 9  shows a three-dimensional view of the optical system of the embodiment of  FIG. 8A  that includes a transparent sheet  80 , parallel convex lenses  84 , and first surface  82  having parallel planar portions  86  with composite image strip portions  88  and intervening concave lens portions  90 . Image  74  is shown at preselected distance  x  from first surface  82  and image  74 ′ at preselected distance  y  on image planes  92  and  93 , respectively, each plane being, for purposes of exposition, approximately parallel to first surface  82 , that is, to image strip portions  88 . 
   In the embodiment of  FIG. 9 , the structure of surface  82  with indented concave lens portions  89 , and protruding alternating strip portions  88  makes it possible for an inking system to transfer ink to strip portions  88 , automatically registering the ink to these raised strips and not transferring ink to the indented concave lens portions  89 , thereby to produce the required result of registered parallel print lines and alternating unprinted spaces from a standard continuous image on the print plate. The surface  82  thus registers the ink in the necessary line strips. 
   Another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIG. 8B . 
   With reference to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8B , a transparent sheet  94  includes a first surface  95  on one side and its opposite second surface is constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated convex lenses  96 . First surface  95  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel planar portions  97  having parallel composite image strip portions  98  positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Transparent inset convex lens portions  99  are disposed between the parallel image portions  98 . Convex lenses  96  and  99 , both have the same radius of curvature. Light from the convex lenses  96  can pass through convex lenses portions  98 . Convex lenses  96  and convex lens portions  99  together combine to form a single combined lens of zero power. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
   Yet another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in the embodiments of  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 10 , a transparent sheet  100  is illustrated having a first surface  102  on one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface is constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticular truncated parabolic convex ridges  101 . Each ridge includes a convex lens portion  104  and a planar portion  106 , the portions  104  and  106  being parallel to one another. First surface  102  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips  108  positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Formed between portions  108  are intervening void portions  110 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , lines of sight  112  from viewing position A are directed to the convex lens portions  104  at such an angle that they are refracted toward parallel image strip portions  108 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite image. That is, the picture elements  108  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. When viewed from position B, the lines of sight  114  will reach the lens at an angle whereby they will be deflected toward the transparent strips  110  through which the viewer will be able to see an object image  74  as an apparent entire composite and comprehensive picture. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
     FIG. 11  shows a three-dimensional view of the optical system of the embodiment of  FIG. 10  described with the transparent sheet  100 , parallel truncated parabolic convex lenses  101 , and first surface  102  having parallel composite image strip portions  108 , and intervening void portions  110 . Image  74  is shown at preselected distance  x  from first surface  102 , on image plane  116 , and image  74 ′ is shown at preselected distance  y  on image plane  118 , each plane being, for the purposes of exposition, approximately parallel to first surface  102 , that is, to image strip portions  108 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 11 , an image, which may be a three-dimensional object or a substantially flat image, referred to here as an object image  74 , is positioned directly beneath and at a preselected distance from plane surface  102 . Truncated planar portion  106  is parallel to the plane surface  102 , whereby the light rays of line of sight  114  from viewing position B enter sheet  100  directly without refraction and so continue directly through void portion  110  and on directly downward to object image  74 . Thus the viewer can, by selecting either viewing position A or B, alternately view the composite image of image strip portions  108  or the object  74 . In addition, it can be disposed at any of a plurality of preselected distance, shown, for purposes of exposition, at distance  x  and at distance  y  from surface  102 , labeled  74  and  74 ′ respectively. Since there is no lens curvature involved at either planar portions  106  or plane surface  102  at void portions  110 , there will be no distortion of the image and the image will, in addition, be in focus. 
   With reference to the embodiment of  FIG. 10 , the parabolic shape of the lenses  104  permit the creation of thin film lenticulated materials wherein the same pitch or number of lenticules per inch can be formed as in much thicker designs using an arc of circle radius. The same dimension print lines can thus be achieved which significantly improves cost effective production. 
   Yet another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in  FIG. 12 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 12 , a transparent sheet  121  is illustrated having a first surface  123  on one side of the sheet and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel holographic optical element portions,  122 , having the power of convex cylindrical lenses,  127 , the portions  122  being parallel to one another with brag planes  126 . First surface  123  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips  124  positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Formed between portions are intervening void portions  125 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , lines of sight  129  form viewing position  A  are directed to the holographic optical element lens portions  122  at such an angle that they are directed towards parallel image strip portions  124 , whereupon a viewer at position  A  can see the composite image; that is the picture elements  124  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. When viewed from position B, the lines of sight  128  will reach the lens at an angle whereby they will be deflected towards the transparent strips  125  through which the viewer will be able to see an object  74  as an apparent entire composite and comprehensive picture. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
   In the embodiment of  FIG. 12 , the holographic optical element type of lenses permits the creation of thin film lenticulated materials wherein the same pitch or number of lenticles per inch can be formed as in much thicker designs using conventional lenses. As in previously described embodiment, the same dimension print lines can be achieved on significantly thinner material. 
   In addition, the system can be used to view opaque animating images or left-right eye view three-dimensional pictures by substituting printed indicia in the place of the intervening void portions  125  on plane  123 . 
   Yet another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in the embodiments of  FIGS. 13 and 14 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 13 , a transparent sheet  140  includes a first surface  142  on one side and its opposite second surface is constituted by a plurality of parallel lenticulated cylindrical fresnel convex lenses  144 . Each ridge is composed of a symmetrical groove facets  146  which are parallel to one another. First surface  142  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips  148  positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Intervening void portions  150  are formed between portions  148 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , lines of sight  152  from viewing position A are directed to the fresnel convex lens portions  144  at such an angle that they are refracted toward parallel image strip portions  148 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite image; that is the picture elements  148  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. When viewed from position B, the lines of sight  154  will reach the lens at an angle whereby they will be deflected toward the transparent strips  150  through which the viewer will be able to see an object image  74  as an apparent entire composite and comprehensive picture. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
     FIG. 14  is a three-dimensional view of the optical system of the embodiment described with the transparent sheet  140 , parallel lenticulated fresnel cylindrical convex lenses  144 , and first surface  142  having parallel composite image strip portions  148 , and intervening void portions  150 . Image  74  is shown at preselected distance  x  from first surface  142 , on image plane  156 . This plane is, for purposes of exposition, shown approximately parallel to first surface  142 , that is, to image strip portions  148 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 14 , an image, which may be a three-dimensional object or a substantially flat image, referred to here as an object image  74 , is positioned directly beneath and at a preselected distance from plane surface  142 . The viewer can, by selecting either viewing position A or B, alternately view the composite image of image strip portions  148  or the object  74 . 
   With reference to the embodiment of  FIG. 13 , it is noted that the fresnel type of lenses  144  permits the creation of thin film lenticulated materials wherein the same pitch or number of lenticules per inch can be formed as in much thicker designs using conventional convex lenses  158 , so that the same dimension print lines can be achieved with significantly thinner material. 
   In addition, the system can be used to view opaque animating images of left-right eye view three-dimensional pictures by substituting printed indicia in the place of the intervening void portions  150 , on plane  142 . 
   Yet another aspect of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in the embodiment of  FIG. 15 . 
   With reference to the embodiment of  FIG. 15 , a transparent sheet  159  includes a first surface  160  on one side and its opposite second surface is constituted by a plurality of parallel diffractive lenses  161  having the power of convex cylindrical lenses. Each lens is composed of symmetrical step facets  162  the portions being parallel to one another. First surface  160  is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips  164  or portions positioned thereupon forming a composite image. Intervening void portions  165  are formed between these portions. As shown in  FIG. 15 , lines of sight  166  viewing position  A  are directed to the diffractive lens portions  161  at such an angle that they are diffracted toward parallel image strip portions  164 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite image; that is, the picture elements or image portions  164  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. When viewed from position B, the lines of sight  167  will reach the lens at an angle whereby they will be deflected toward the transparent strips  163  through which the viewer will be able to see an object  74  as an apparent entire composite and comprehensive picture. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this lenticular lens system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
   In addition, the system can be used to view opaque animating images or left-right eye view three-dimensional pictures by substituting printed indicia in the place of the intervening void portions  165 , on plane  160 . 
   In the embodiment of  FIG. 15 , the diffractive type of lenses permits the creation of thin film lenticulated materials wherein the same pitch or number of lenticles per inch can be formed as in much thicker designs using conventional lenses. As in previously described embodiments, the same dimension print lines can be achieved on significantly thinner material. 
   Yet another embodiment of the present invention which allows the viewer to view a composite image at one angle of sight and to view an object positioned beyond the composite image at a second angle of sight is illustrated in  FIGS. 16 and 17 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 16 , a transparent sheet  170  includes a first surface  171  on one side and its opposite second surface constituted by a plurality of parallel spaced apart solid opaque lines  172 . Formed between portions  172  are intervening void portions  173 . First surface is constituted by a plurality of spaced apart parallel image strips  174  positioned thereupon and positioned directly opposite in the verticle plane from the solid lines on the second surface. These image strips form a composite image. Formed between portions  174  are intervening void portions  175 . As shown in  FIG. 16 , lines of sight  176  from viewing position A are directed at a 90° angle to transparent sheet  170  and through intervening void portions  173  and intervening void portions  175 , whereupon a viewer at position A can see the composite view of object image  74  as an apparent entire composite and comprehensive picture. When viewed from position B, the lines of sight  177  are directed through the intervening void portions  173  toward parallel image strip portions  174 , whereupon a viewer at position B can see the composite image; that is, the picture elements  174  will form a composite and comprehensive picture of the composite image in the viewer&#39;s eye. 
   Alternately, the image strip portions can be printed on removable screens containing the respective composite images, projected on said first surface, or removed entirely. This flexibility enables the alternate viewing of changeable indicia. This can enhance the capability of visual displays and viewing systems. The viewer can therein compare, juxtapose, and interpolate various images and objects by viewing them through this system. For example, one image or object can be held in a static viewing position in a viewing device, while other images or objects are changed. Also, printed images can be viewed in conjunction with objects and/or projected images. 
     FIG. 17  shows a three-dimensional view of the optical system of the embodiment described with the transparent sheet  170 , parallel solid opaque lines  172  and intervening void portions and first surface  171  having parallel composite image strip portions  174 , and intervening void portions. Image  175  is shown at preselected distance  x  from first surface  171 , on image plane  178 . This plane is, for purposes of exposition, shown approximately parallel to first surface  171 , that is, to image strip portions. 
   Referring to  FIG. 17 , an image, which may be a three-dimensional object or a substantially flat image, referred to here as an object image  74 , is positioned directly beneath and at a preselected distance from plane surface  171 . The viewer can by selecting either viewing position A or B alternately view the composite image of image strip portions  174  or the object  74 . 
   In the embodiment of  FIG. 18 , a multi-container package is shown which includes a back, two sides, top, and bottom solid walls, and a front wall  179 , with a window opening  180  and individual containers inside. The window contains a transparent sheet  182  having an outer surface constituted by a plurality of lenticular lenses, whereby when viewed in a first position, a picture  183  is seen as shown in  FIG. 18A . When viewed from a slightly different angle, the containers  181  inside the package are seen, as shown in  FIG. 18B . The window area shown is an exemplary package; other packages can be formed with lesser or greater areas of lenticular sheet, even the entire package. 
     FIG. 19  illustrates an array of multi-container packages  184  with lenticular window areas  185 , which, when viewed in a first position provide a multiple composite view of pictures as seen in  FIG. 19A . When viewed from a slightly different angle, the containers inside the package are seen, as shown in  FIG. 19B . The pictures can be multiple images of the same picture, or different images, or partial views of one picture. These window areas shown are exemplary packages; other packages can be formed with lesser or greater areas of lenticular sheet, even the entire packages. 
   Another embodiment of the present invention, which allows the viewer to see alternating and three-dimensional formation on containers, is illustrated in  FIG. 20 .  FIG. 20A  illustrates a container which includes a lenticular area  186 , on the container surface. As shown in the cross section in  FIG. 20B , the area consists of a transparent sheet  187 , constituted by a plurality of lenticular lenses  181  on its outer surface with parallel print line indicia  189  on the side opposite the lens ridges  188 , the side of the film facing into the container  190 . In printing the parallel image indicia  189  on a curved surface, the lines must be compressed in the axis perpendicular to the lines, compared to the original line grid designed to be printed on a lenticular film which would remain flat. The image will change as a whole as the viewer passes the container, rather than ‘banding’ of the image. Conversely, by printing vertical color lines in a configuration for a flat planer surface alignment and then mounting these on a curved clear container the print lines will create a visual illusionary effect of bending into the bottle. 
     FIG. 21  illustrates a method for creating embossed lenticular film with parallel alignment. The annular cylinder  191  with its indexed grooves  193  embosses or casts lenticular ridges  194  onto the film  192 , each ridge being at right angles to the axis of the embossing cylinder  191 . Next, a cutting device such as a knife mechanism  195  is set to cut the embossed film at right angles to the axis of the embossing cylinder and in critical parallel alignment to the embossed ridges on the film,  192 . A mechanical edge guide or sensory edge guiding device  196  positions the embossed film to feed the film into printing presses squarely. A sensory device could be connected with servo motors to make necessary corrections to keep the film in a straight path alignment. Print cylinders  197  are set squarely with the edge guidance to assure parallel register of the subsequent print lines  198  to the parallel emboss of the film. As shown in  FIG. 22 , the web  199  is cut at right angles with a knife or other cutting device  200  forming sheets  201 . The sheets are aligned into the press by edge guide  202  and gripper bar  203 . 
     FIG. 23  illustrates the method for creating embossed lenticular film with parallel print alignment. The film web  204  is first printed with parallel line indicia  205  and with registration marks  206 . Optical (or other sensory devices)  207  read the parallel line pattern  205  and/or the registration marks  206  guide the print lines straight into the embosser with its edge guide  208  and embossing cylinder  209  with its annular parallel grooves  210 , thereby producing parallel embossed lenticular ridges which are mutually parallel to the print line indicia. 
     FIG. 24  illustrates a method for creating lenticular film with parallel print alignment. The film web  211  is first printed with parallel lines of clear resin  212 . The resin forms curved ridges. Parallel line indicia  213  are printed on the reverse side of the film in a perfecter printing mode to produce print lines which are parallel to the printed resin lenticular ridges on the other side of the film. 
     FIG. 25  illustrates the method for creating lenticular film with parallel print alignment. As therein shown, the film web  214  is first printed with parallel line indicia  215 . A flood coat  216  is spread over the printed surface and cured. Parallel lines of clear resin  217  are printed on top of the flood coat layer  216  in parallel register with the print lines below. 
     FIG. 26  illustrates a method for creating lenticular film with parallel print alignment. The lenticular film  220  is first printed with parallel lines of clear varnish  221 , mutually parallel to lenticular ridges  222  on the reverse side of the film  220 . The varnish lines  221  have repellent properties wherein subsequent print image adheres only to the adjacent alternating unvarnished stripes  223 . 
     FIG. 27  illustrates a method for creating a lenticular film with parallel print alignment. The lenticular film  225  is first printed with thick parallel lines of varnish  226  by silkscreen or other methods mutually parallel to the lens ridges  227  on the reverse side of the film. The varnish lines  226  form raised planar portions, with adjacent intervening stripes  228  which are devoid of the varnish. When printed, the lines of varnish  226  register ink  229  to themselves and prevent transfer of ink to alternating stripes  228 . 
   The embodiments of the invention particularly disclosed and described herein are presented merely as examples of the invention. Other embodiments, forms and modifications of the invention coming within the proper scope and spirit of the appended claims will, of course, readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.