Patent Publication Number: US-2006019866-A1

Title: Laundry product

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
      This invention relates to unit dose laundry products for treating fabrics.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      Detergent compositions manufactured in the form of compacted detergent powder are known. U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,100, for example, describes a tablet of compacted powder comprising an anionic detergent compound, which will adequately disperse in the wash water.  
      Laundry detergent compositions which further include a fabric softener to provide softening or conditioning of fabrics in the wash cycle of the laundering operation are well-known and described in the patent literature. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,605,506 (Wixon); U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,421 (Boris) et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,569,773 (Ramachandran et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,138. U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,870 (Anderson) describes a multi-layered laundry tablet for washing which may include a detergent in the outer layer and a fabric softener, or water softener or fragrance in the inner layer.  
      These type of multi-benefit products suffer from a common drawback, namely, there is an inherent compromise which the user necessarily makes between the cleaning and softening benefits provided by such products as compared to using a separate detergent composition solely for cleaning in the wash cycle and a separate softening composition solely for softening in the rinse cycle. That is, the user of such detergent softener compositions does not have the ability to independently adjust the amount of detergent and softener added to the wash cycle of a machine in response to the cleaning and softening requirements of the particular wash load.  
      Some attempts have been made in the art to develop wash cycle active fabric softeners, typically in powder form. However, these type products are characterised by the same inconvenience inherent with the use of powered detergents, namely, problems of handling, caking in the container or wash cycle dispenser, and the need for a dosing device to deliver the desired amount of active softener material to the wash water.  
      The use of a unit dose fabric softening composition contained in a water soluble container such as a sachet offers numerous advantages. To be effective, the unit dose fabric softening compositions, contained in a sachet, must be able to disperse in the wash liquor in a short period of time to avoid any residue at the end of the wash cycle.  
      Typically, the wash cycle time can be as short as 12 minutes and as long as 90 minutes (in typical European washers) depending on the type of washer and the wash conditions. Therefore, the water-soluble sachet must be soluble in the wash liquor before the end of the cycle.  
     OBJECT OF THE INVENTION  
      The aim of this invention is to seek to overcome one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages and/or to provide one or more of the aforementioned benefits.  
     STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION  
      Thus, according to the present invention there is provided a fabric treatment system in the form of a unit dose comprising: 
          (a) a water soluble container which is formed from a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkyl celluloses, ethers and esters of alkyl cellulosics, hydroxy alkyl, carboxy methyl cellulose sodium, dextrin, maltodextrin, water soluble polyacrylates, water soluble polyacrylamides and acrylic acid/maleic anhydride copolymers; and     (b) a liquid fabric treatment composition disposed in said water soluble container, wherein said fabric treatment composition comprises: 
            (i) two or more alkali metal fatty acid soaps;     (ii) optionally a fatty acid ester,     (iii) optionally a free fatty acid     (iv) optionally perfume, and     (v) optionally a cationic polymer, 
 
 wherein the fatty acid soaps comprise a mixture of: 
    (a) unsaturated fatty acid soaps formed from fatty acids having a iodine value greater than 20; and     (b) saturated fatty acid soaps formed from saturated fatty acids having an iodine value less than 5.    
               

      The composition is present in an amount within the water-soluble container which is sufficient to form a unit dose capable of providing effective softening, conditioning or other laundry treatment of fabrics in said washing machine.  
      The term “fabric softener” is used herein for purposes of convenience to refer to materials which provide softening and/or conditioning benefits to fabrics in a home or automatic laundering machine.  
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention relates to a water soluble sachet containing a unit dose of a fabric softener composition.  
      Preferably the water soluble sachet is formed from a single layer of water soluble thermoplastic film.  
      The film is advantageously formed from a water soluble polymer which is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers such as polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylhydroxy cellulosic such as hydroxy ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxy-methylcellulose sodium, dextrin, maltodextrin, alkyl cellulosics such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and propyl cellulose, ethers and esters of alkyl cellulosics such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and propyl cellulose, water soluble polyacrylates, water soluble polyacrylamides and acrylic acid/maleic anhydride copolymers.  
      Especially preferred water soluble plastics which may be considered for forming the container include low molecular weight and/or chemically modified polylactides; such polymers have been produced by Chronopol, Inc. and sold under the Heplon trademark. Also included in the water soluble polymer family are melt processable poly(vinyl) alcohol resins (PVA); such resins are produced by Texas Polymer Services, Inc., tradenamed Vinex, and are produced under license from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Monosol film produced by Monosol LLC. Other suitable resins include poly (ethylene oxide) and cellulose derived water soluble carbohydrates. The former are produced by Union Carbide, Inc. and sold under the tradename Polyox; the latter are produced by Dow Chemical, Inc. and sold under the Methocel trademark. Typically, the cellulose derived water soluble polymers are not readily melt processable. The preferred water soluble thermoplastic resin for this application is PVA produced by Monosol LLC. Any number or combination of PVA resins can be used. The preferred grade, considering resin processability, container durability, water solubility characteristics, and commercial viability is Monosol film having a weight average molecular weight range of about 55,000 to 65,000 and a number average molecular weight range of about 27,000 to 33,000.  
      The inner surface of the film is in contact with the laundry treatment composition and the external surface of the film does not have a water soluble glue disposed thereon.  
      The water soluble container can be in the form of a pouch, sachet, a blow moulded capsule or other blow moulded shapes, an injected moulded ampoule or other injection moulded shapes, or rotationally moulded spheres or capsules.  
      Examples of suitable methods for forming water soluble containers are as follows:  
      The pelletized, pre-dried, melt processable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin, is fed to a film extruder. The feed material may also contain pre-dried colour concentrate which uses a PVA carrier resin. Other additives, similarly prepared, such as antioxidants, UV stabilizers, anti-blocking additives, etc. may also be added to the extruder. The resin and concentrate are melt blended in the extruder. The extruder die may consist of a circular die for producing blown film or a coat hanger die for producing cast film. Circular dies may have rotating die lips and/or mandrels to modify visual appearance and/or properties.  
      Alternatively, the PVA resins can also be dissolved and formed into film through a solution-casting process, wherein the PVA resin or resins are dissolved and mixed in an aqueous solution along with additives. This solution is cast through a coat hanger die, or in front of a doctor blade or through a casting box to produce a layer of solution of consistent thickness. This layer of solution is cast or coated onto a drum or casting band or appropriate substrate to convey it through an oven or series of ovens to reduce the moisture content to an appropriate level. The extruded or cast film is slit to the appropriate width and wound on cores. Each core holds one reel of film.  
      There are many types of form fill seal machines that can convert water soluble films into containers, including vertical, horizontal and rotary machines. To make the appropriate sachet shape, one or multiple films can be used. The film can be folded into the sachet shape, mechanically deformed into the sachet shape, or thermally deformed into the sachet shape. The sachet forming can also utilize thermal bonding of multiple layers of film, or solvent bonding of multiple layers of film. When using poly(vinyl) alcohol the most common solvent is water.  
      Once the appropriately shaped sachet is filled with product, the sachet can be sealed using either thermal bonding of the film, or solvent bonding of the film.  
      Blow moulded capsules can be formed from the poly(vinyl) alcohol resin having a molecular weight of about 50,000 to about 70,000 and a glass transition temperature of about 28 to 33° C. Pelletized resin and concentrate(s) are fed into an extruder having a circular, oval, square or rectangular die and an appropriate mandrel. The molten polymer mass exits the die and assumes the shape of the die/mandrel combination. Air is blown into the interior volume of the extrudate (parison) while the extrudate contacts a pair of split moulds. The moulds control the final shape of the package. While in the mould, the package is filled with the appropriate volume of liquid. The mould quenches the plastic. The liquid is contained within the interior volume of the blow moulded package.  
      An injection moulded ampoule or capsule can be formed from the poly(vinyl) alcohol resin having a molecular weight of about 50,000 to about 70,000 and a glass transition temperature of about 28 to 38° C. Pelletized resin and concentrate(s) are fed to the throat of an reciprocating screw, injection moulding machine. The rotation of the screw pushes the pelletized mass forward while the increasing diameter of the screw compresses the pellets and forces them to contact the machine&#39;s heated barrel. The combination of heat, conducted to the pellets by the barrel and frictional heat, generated by the contact of the pellets with the rotating screw, melts the pellets as they are pushed forward. The molten polymer mass collects in front of the screw as the screw rotates and begins to retract to the rear of the machine. At the appropriate time, the screw moves forward forcing the melt through the nozzle at the tip of the machine and into a mould or hot runner system which feeds several moulds. The moulds control the shape of the finished package. The package may be filled with liquid either while in the mould or after ejection from the mould. The filling port of the package is heat sealed after filling is completed. This process may be conducted either in-line or off-line.  
      A rotationally moulded sphere or capsule can be formed from the poly(vinyl) alcohol resin having a molecular weight of about 50,000 to about 70,000 and a glass transition temperature of about 28 to 38° C. Pelletized resin and concentrate are pulverized to an appropriate mesh size, typically 35 mesh. A specific weight of the pulverized resin is fed to a cold mould having the desired shape and volume. The mould is sealed and heated while simultaneously rotating in three directions. The powder melts and coats the entire inside surface of the mould. While continuously rotating, the mould is cooled so that the resin solidifies into a shape which replicates the size and texture of the mould.  
      After formation of the finished package, the liquid is injected into the hollow package using a heated needle or probe after filling, the injection port of the package is heat sealed. Typical unit dose compositions for use herein may vary from about 5 to about 40 ml corresponding on a weight basis to about 5 to about 40 grams (which includes the weight of the capsule).  
      Fabric Treatment Composition  
      Fatty Acid Ester  
      The composition comprises one or more fatty acid esters.  
      Suitable fatty acid esters are fatty esters of mono or polyhydric alcohols having from 8 to about 24 carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain. Such fatty esters are preferably substantially odourless.  
      In at least one of the fatty acid esters, the average proportion of C18 chains is less than 60%, preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 40%, e.g. less than 30% by weight of the total weight of fatty acid chains in the fatty acid ester.  
      In the context of the present invention, “C18 chains” denotes the combined amount of C18, C18:1 and C18:2 chains.  
      The average proportion of C18 chains in sunflower oil, for instance, is typically above 70 wt %.  
      Thus, at least one of the fatty acid esters is not sunflower oil.  
      It is preferred if the fatty acid ester is a fatty acid glyceride or mixtures of fatty acid glycerides. Especially preferred materials are triglycerides, most preferred are palm oil, palm kernel oil, and cocunut oil.  
      Sunflower oil may also be present but only in combination with one or more of the fatty acid esters defined above.  
      Blending different fatty triglycerides together can be advantageous since certain blends, such as coconut oil and sunflower oil, provide the composition with reduced viscosity when compared with compositions comprising only one oil. This has been found to provide the composition with better flow characteristics for the filling of capsules, which is particularly important when operating on an industrial scale.  
      Fatty Acid  
      A fatty acid is preferably present in the composition.  
      Any reference to “fatty acid” herein means “free fatty acid” unless otherwise stated and it is to be understood that any fatty acid which is reacted with another ingredient is not defined as a fatty acid in the final composition, except insofar as free fatty acid remains after the reaction.  
      Preferred fatty acids are those where the weighted average number of carbons in the alkyl/alkenyl chains is from 8 to 24, more preferably from 10 to 22, most preferably from 12 to 18.  
      The fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated.  
      The fatty acid may be an alkyl or alkenyl mono- or polycarboxylic acid, though monocarboxylic acids are particularly preferred.  
      The fatty acid can be linear or branched. Non-limiting examples of suitable branching groups include alkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups, amines, amides, and nitrites.  
      Suitable fatty acids include both linear and branched stearic, oleic, lauric, linoleic, and tallow—especially hardened tallow—acids, and mixtures thereof.  
      The amount of fatty acid is preferably from 0.5 to 40 wt %, more preferably from 2.5 to 30 wt %, most preferably from 5 to 25 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      Fatty Acid Soap  
      A mixture of two or more fatty acid soaps is present in the composition. At least one of the fatty acid soaps is formed from fatty acids having a iodine value greater than 20 and at least one other of the soaps is formed from fatty acids having an iodine value less than 5.  
      It has been found that such a mixture provides significantly improved softening results on fabrics.  
      Useful soap compounds include the alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium and substituted ammonium (for example monoethanolamine) salts or any combinations of this, of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to 24, preferably from 10 to 22, more preferably from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.  
      Suitable fatty acids having an iodine value greater than 20 include oleic acid and tallow fatty acid.  
      Suitable fatty acids having an iodine value less than 5 include stearic acid and hardened tallow fatty acid.  
      Iodine value is measured according to the methodology set out in WO-A1-01/04254 page 12 lines 6 to 28, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein.  
      Of course, other sources of fatty acid are readily available and it will be immediately apparent to the skilled person whether these are saturated or unsaturated. Examples include plant or animal esters e.g. palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, soybean oil, caster oil, rape seed oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, tallow, fish oils, grease lard and mixtures thereof.  
      Also fatty acids can be produced by synthetic means such as the oxidation of petroleum, or hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer Tropsch process. Resin acids are suitable such as rosin and those resin acids in tall oil. Naphthenic acids are also suitable. Sodium and potassium soaps can be made by direct saponification of the fats and oils or by the neutralisation of the free fatty acids which are prepared in a separate manufacturing process.  
      It is particularly preferred that the alkali metal hydroxide is potassium or sodium hydroxide, especially potassium hydroxide.  
      The weight ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and fatty acid from which the fatty acid soaps are derived is preferably from 1:1 to 20:1.  
      The total amount of fatty acid soaps is preferably from 1 to 50 wt %, more preferably from 2 to 40 wt %, most preferably from 3 to 30 wt %, e.g. from 4 to 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      Nonionic Surfactant  
      Nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions include any of the alkoxylated materials of the particular type described hereinafter can be used as the nonionic surfactant.  
      Substantially water soluble surfactants of the general formula:
 
R—Y—(C 2 H 4 O) z —C 2 H 4 OH
 
 where R is selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary and branched chain alkyl and/or acyl hydrocarbyl groups; primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl hydrocarbyl groups; and primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl-substituted phenolic hydrocarbyl groups; the hydrocarbyl groups having a chain length of from 8 to about 25, preferably 10 to 20, e.g. 14 to 18 carbon atoms. 
 
      In the general formula for the ethoxylated nonionic surfactant, Y is typically:  
      —O—, —C(O)O—, —C(O)N(R)— or —C(O)N(R)R— 
      in which R has the meaning given above or can be hydrogen; and Z is at least about 3, preferably about 5, more preferably at least about 7 or 11.  
      Preferably the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of from about 7 to about 20, more preferably from 10 to 18, e.g. 12 to 16.  
      Examples of nonionic surfactants follow. In the examples, the integer defines the number of ethoxy (EO) groups in the molecule. 
      A. Straight-Chain, Primary Alcohol Alkoxylates    

      The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, and pentadecaethoxylates of n-hexadecanol, and n-octadecanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity/dispersibility modifiers in the context of this invention. Exemplary ethoxylated primary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity/dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are C 18  EO(10); and C 18  EO(11). The ethoxylates of mixed natural or synthetic alcohols in the “tallow” chain length range are also useful herein. Specific examples of such materials include tallow alcohol-EO(11), tallow alcohol-EO(18), and tallow alcohol-EO(25). 
      B. Straight-Chain, Secondary Alcohol Alkoxylates    

      The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, pentadeca-, octadeca-, and nonadeca-ethoxylates of 3-hexadecanol, 2-octadecanol, 4-eicosanol, and 5-eicosanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers in the context of this invention. Exemplary ethoxylated secondary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are: C 16  EO(11); C 20  EO(11); and C 16 EO(14). 
      C. Alkyl Phenol Alkoxylates    

      As in the case of the alcohol alkoxylates, the hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of alkylated phenols, particularly monohydric alkylphenols, having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions. The hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of p-tri-decylphenol, m-pentadecylphenol, and the like, are useful herein. Exemplary ethoxylated alkylphenols useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the mixtures herein are: p-tridecylphenol EO(11) and p-pentadecylphenol EO(18).  
      As used herein and as generally recognized in the art, a phenylene group in the nonionic formula is the equivalent of an alkylene group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. For present purposes, nonionics containing a phenylene group are considered to contain an equivalent number of carbon atoms calculated as the sum of the carbon atoms in the alkyl group plus about 3.3 carbon atoms for each phenylene group. 
      D. Olefinic Alkoxylates    

      The alkenyl alcohols, both primary and secondary, and alkenyl phenols corresponding to those disclosed immediately hereinabove can be ethoxylated to an HLB within the range recited herein and used as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions. 
      E. Branched Chain Alkoxylates    

      Branched chain primary and secondary alcohols which are available from the well-known “OXO” process can be ethoxylated and employed as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of compositions herein.  
      The above ethoxylated nonionic surfactants are useful in the present compositions alone or in combination, and the term “nonionic surfactant” encompasses mixed nonionic surface active agents.  
      The nonionic surfactant is preferably present in an amount from 1 to 30%, more preferably 2 to 12%, most preferably 3 to 9%, e.g. 4 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      Perfume  
      It is desirable that the compositions of the present invention also comprise one or more perfumes. Suitable perfume ingredients include those disclosed in “Perfume and Flavour Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals)”, by Steffen Arctander, published by the author in 1969, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
      The perfume is preferably present in the composition at a level of from 0.5 to 15 wt %, more preferably from 1 to 10 wt %, most preferably from 2 to 5 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      As used herein and in the appended claims the term “perfume” is used in its ordinary sense to refer to and include any non-water soluble fragrant substance or mixture of substances including natural (i.e. obtained by extraction of flower, herb, blossom or plant), artificial (i.e. mixture of natural oils or oil constituents) and synthetically produced odoriferous substances. Typically, perfumes are complex mixtures of blends of various organic compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, aromatic compounds and varying amounts of essential oils (e.g., terpenes) such as from 0% to 80%, usually from 1% to 70% by weight, the essential oils themselves being volatile odoriferous compounds and also serving to dissolve the other components of the perfume.  
      Cationic Polymer  
      It is desirable that the composition further comprises a cationic polymer. The cationic polymer significantly boosts softening performance on fabrics delivered by the composition.  
      A particularly preferred class of cationic polymer is cationic celloluse ethers. Such ethers are commercially available under the tradename Ucare LR-400 ([2-hydroxy-3(trimethylammonio)propyl]-w-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)chloride).  
      The polymer is preferably present at a level of from 0.1 to 5 wt %, more preferably from 0.2 to 2 wt %, most preferably from 0.25 to 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      Non-Surfactant Liquids  
      Non-surfactant liquids, such as non-surfactant solvents can be present in the composition. Preferred liquids include ethers, polyethers, alkylamines and fatty amines, (especially di- and trialkyl- and/or fatty-N- substituted amines), alkyl (or fatty) amides and mono- and di- N-alkyl substituted derivatives thereof, alkyl (or fatty) carboxylic acid lower alkyl esters, ketones, aldehydes, polyols, and glycerides.  
      Specific examples include respectively, di-alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycols, alkyl ketones (such as acetone) and glyceryl trialkylcarboxylates (such as glyceryl tri-acetate), glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol.  
      Glycerol is particularly preferred since it provides the additional benefit of plasticising the water soluble film.  
      Other suitable solvents are lower (C14) alcohols, such as ethanol, or higher (C5-9) alcohols, such as hexanol, as well as alkanes and olefins. It is often desirable to include them for lowering the viscosity of the product and/or assisting soil removal during cleaning.  
      Preferably, the compositions of the invention contain the organic solvent in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight of the total composition. The amount of the solvent present in the composition may be as high as about 60%, but in most cases the practical amount will lie between 1 and 30% and sometimes, between 2 and 20% by weight of the composition.  
      Water  
      The compositions preferably comprise a low level of water. Thus, water is preferably present at a level of from 0.1 to 10 wt %, more preferably from 2 to 10 wt %, most preferably from 3 to 7 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      Cationic Surfactants  
      The compositions of the invention are preferably substantially free, more preferably entirely free of cationic surfactants, since the compositions are primarily for use in the wash cycle of an automatic washing machine. Thus, it is preferred that the maximum amount of cationic surfactant present in the composition is 5 wt % or less, more preferably 4 wt % or less, even more preferably 3 wt % or less, most preferably 2 wt % or less, e.g. 1 wt % or less, based on the total weight of the composition.  
      It is well known that anionic surfactants are typically present in the wash detergent and so would complex undesirably with any cationic surfactant in the composition thereby reducing the effectiveness of the wash detergent.  
     OTHER OPTIONAL INGREDIENTS  
      The compositions may also contain one or more optional ingredients conventionally included in fabric treatment compositions such as pH buffering agents, perfume carriers, fluorescers, colourants, hydrotropes, antifoaming agents, antiredeposition agents, polyelectrolytes, enzymes, optical brightening agents, pearlescers, anti-shrinking agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-spotting agents, germicides, fungicides, anti-corrosion agents, drape imparting agents, anti-static agents, ironing aids crystal growth inhibitors, anti-oxidants, anti-reducing agents and dyes. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES  
      The following examples illustrate liquid laundry treatment compositions used in the invention.  
      Examples of the invention are denoted by a number and comparative examples are denoted by a letter.  
      Unless otherwise specified, the amounts and proportions in the compositions and films are by weight.  
                               TABLE 1                                   Example   A   1                                                        Sunflower oil a     58.5   58.5           Potassium oleate b     22.5   14.5           Potassium stearate c         8.0           Perfume   5.0   5.0           Neodol 25-7E d     6.5   6.5                             water   To 100                           a purchased in Tesco, UK April 2004;                  b Formed in-situ from oleic acid and KOH;                  c Formed in-situ from stearic acid and KOH;                  d C12-15 alcohol 7EO;             
 
      Examples 1 and A were prepared by charging the triglyceride oil, ethoxylated alcohol and fatty acids to a 1 litre beaker. A 50 % KOH solution was then added and the exotherm kept below 60° C. using the addition rate. The mixture was left to cool to below 40° C. under stirring and then the perfume added. The product was then left to cool to room temperature without stirring. High viscosity opaque liquids resulted.  
      25 g of each of the products was encapsulated in about 1 g of poly(vinylalcohol) film via typical thermoforming techniques, as described above. 1 capsule was employed per washing assessment.  
     EVALUATION  
      A mixed ballast load comprising 25% Terry towel, 25% jersey, 25% poly-cotton, and 25% cotton sheeting together with eight 20 cm×20 cm Terry Towel monitors was added to a Miele 820 front loading automatic machine. One of the treatment products was then placed in the drum at the back on top of the ballast. Detergent (115 g unperfumed Persil Non-Biological) was added to the main wash cycle dispensing drawer and a 40° C. cotton cycle wash was performed. After the wash, rinse and spin cycles were complete the monitors were extracted, and left to dry on a line at 20° C. and 65% RH for 24 hours.  
      Softening assessment was conducted by a trained panel of at least 6 people. The panellists were asked to rank the monitors on a scale 0-100, where 0 denotes not at all soft and 100 denotes extremely soft, by placing a mark along a line which had ends marked 0 and 100 respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using the Tukey-Hamer HSD package.  
               TABLE 2                          Softening Performance                             Example   Softening score                       A   42           1   55