Patent Publication Number: US-5892434-A

Title: Automotive driving pattern monitor

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60,011,420 Filed Feb. 9, 1996 and entitled &#34;Driver Performance Feedback System.&#34; 
    
    
     RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60,011,420 Filed Feb. 9, 1996 and entitled &#34;Driver Performance Feedback System.&#34; 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Certain driving patterns such as repeated hard braking, riding the brake, tailgating, fast acceleration, and hard cornering can be hazardous to the driver, the passengers of other vehicles and pedestrians. Novice drivers are often unaware that their driving habits are improper, and even skilled drivers occasionally revert to poor driving practices without being aware of it. 
     The present invention is accordingly directed toward a system which may be installed on an automotive vehicle to detect various operating parameters, to analyze these parameters to detect specific hazardous practices and to provide feedback signals to the operator indicative of the improper driving practices. Certain embodiments of the invention could also disable operation of the vehicle when extremely erratic driving indicative of possible inebriation is detected. 
     A preferred embodiment of the invention, which will subsequently be disclosed in detail, employs a plurality of sensors disposed on the automotive vehicle, each of which provides a multi-value output signal to a controller. The controller has access to a memory storing a table of preset operating parameters. The controller compares the received signals from the sensors with the values stored in the memory to generate an output signal as a function of the comparison. The output signal is provided to a signal generator for providing an audio and/or visual signal for the vehicle operator. The feedback device preferably specifies the nature of the improper driving practice, such as tailgating, by the nature of the feedback signal. 
     In the preferred embodiment of the invention the driving pattern monitor may be applied to vehicles in the aftermarket by attaching a pressure sensor to the brake pedal and supporting the balance of the system, including an audio feedback device, on the brake pedal flange arm. An alternative embodiment of the invention employs a visual feedback device adapted to be supported on the vehicle dashboard. This unit incorporates the operator controls for the system as well as a visual display of the specific nature of operation detected. 
     Other aspects of the invention will be made apparent by the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The following description makes reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of our invention connected within an automotive vehicle on the brake pedal and the supporting brake flange arm; 
     FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of the controller and audio response device forming part of the preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a fully exploded view of the controller and audio response device forming part of the preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the components forming part of the system of the preferred embodiment of my invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the interior of the driver&#39;s compartment of an automobile incorporating a second embodiment of the invention utilizing a visual feedback device; and 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the visual feedback device incorporated in the second embodiment of my invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION 
     A preferred embodiment of the invention installed within an automobile and supported on the brake pedal 10 and pivoting flange arm 12 which supports the brake pedal, is illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 4 of the drawings. The vehicle accelerator pedal 11 is illustrated to the right of the brake pedal. A pressure transducer consists of a front member 15 and a similar rear member 16 which are supported on opposed surfaces of the brake pedal and retained together by screws 18 which join the end blocks of the front member 15 and rear member 16. The unit incorporates a pressure sensor which is preferably of the piezoelectric variety. Alternatively, the pressure sensor may comprise a strain gauge or any other conventional form of device that generates an output signal either directly proportional to the pressure applied to the brake pedal or to the rate of change of pressure applied to the module. 
     A combination controller and audio feedback device, generally indicated at 20, is supported on the pivotable flange arm 12 which carries the brake pedal 10 on its lower end. In alternate embodiments of the invention the controller and feedback device 20 could be attached to other portions of the interior of the vehicle. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 2 the controller and audio feedback assembly 20 incorporates a main feedback module housing 22 and a rear clamp 24. The two are secured together so as to sandwich the brake pedal flange arm 12 by screws 26 which pass through ears formed on the sides of the main housing 22 and the rear clamp 24. 
     The brake pedal pressure sensor 14 is connected to the controller 22 by means of a flexible cable 28. A plastic fastener 30 supports the cable end 28 at the controller housing 22. A first circuit board 32 carried within the controller 22 supports an elongated inertia sensor 34 so that the sensor extends laterally of the central axis of the vehicle. Similarly, a second circuit board 36 supported within the controller housing 22 so that its surfaces extend parallel to the central axis of the vehicle and at right angles to the surfaces of the circuit board 32, carries a pair of inertia sensors 38 and 40 which are supported at right angles to one another and at oblique angles to the vertical. The inertia sensors 34, 38 and 40 each preferably consist of a sealed glass tube enclosing a ball of mercury or similar fluid conductive substance that occupies part of the tube volume. Each tube is formed with a pair of end electrodes and a pair of intermediate electrodes. When the vehicle accelerates laterally, as in a sharp turn, the electrodes attached to the inertia sensor 34 detect that motion and provide a suitable output signal. Similarly, acceleration in the forward direction or the rearward direction as occurs during braking are detected by the inertia sensors 38 and 40. The positioning of the sensors 38 and 40 at an angle to one another and to the vertical creates gravity resistance for the conductive substance within the tube to overcome thus providing contact closure only when significant inertia forces are exerted. 
     The orientation of the controller 22 on the brake arm is critical to the proper performance of the inertia sensors. The circuit board 36 supports two potentiometers 42 and 44 which are used in connection with an indicator light 46 on the front of the controller 22 to calibrate the inertia sensors for their positioning and sensitivity. The potentiometer 42 calibrates for position while the potentiometer 44 calculates for sensitivity. A calibration switch 48 on the side of the controller housing 20 is used during installation to place the system in a calibration mode wherein the indicator light 46 will be intermittently energized unless both of the potentiometers 42 and 44 are properly adjusted, at which point the indicator light will remain on continuously. 
     The circuit board 32 includes a battery clip 50 for supporting a battery which powers the unit as well as the other electronic components of the system (not shown). 
     As indicated on the schematic diagram of FIG. 4, the multi-value signals from the pressure transducer 14, the forward and rearward inertia sensors 38 and 40 and the side to side inertia sensor 34 are provided to three input level filters 56, 58 and 60 respectively. The filters 58 and 60 include the potentiometers 42 and 44 for adjusting the level of their respective input signals. The filters 56, 58 and 60 filter out transient and undesirable signal levels and produce as outputs discrete binary signals on three sets of output for each filter, designated A, B and C. The following table sets forth the significance of each of the three binary digit outputs possible from each of the transducers. 
     
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TABLE OF BINARY CODES
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Pressure Transducer
             1 0 0    Maximum Pressure Signal Output
Sensor 14    0 1 0    Medium Pressure Output
             0 0 0    No Pressure Output
Forward/Rearward
             0 0 1    Forward Motion Contact Closure
Inertia Sensor 38/40
             0 1 0    Mid Range Contact Closure
             1 0 0    Rearward Motion Contact Closure
Side to Side Inertia
             1 0 0    Left Motion Contact Closure
Sensor 34    0 0 0    Resting - No Contact Closure
             0 1 1    Right Motion Contact Closure
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     These signals are provided to a controller 70 disposed within the unit 22 which performs the electronic signal processing required to generate an output signal for a feedback signal generator, in the preferred embodiment a loudspeaker 72 supported on the circuit board 32. The controller, in the preferred embodiment, represents a suitably programmed microprocessor, but could be formed of discrete electronic components. The function of the controller is preferably digital but could be analog in alternative embodiments. 
     The controller 70 includes a memory 74 storing a table of preset input parameters. The controller further incorporates or is programmed to generate a timer 76. It compares the input signals with the preset parameters stored in the memory 74, and the state of a timer 76 as well as a counter 78 to analyze the input signals and generate an appropriate output signal. This operation is summarized by the following table. The audio response generator 80 generates the indicated audio signal as a feedback signal to the driver. 
     
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TABLE OF PRESET PARAMETERS
                Conditional        Table of Preset
Inputs
      Explanation of Signal
                Timer Conclusion
                             Counter
                                   Audio Signal
__________________________________________________________________________
A B C Transducer 14:
                &gt;3    Hard Braking
                             1 Count in 0
                                   Continuous High
1 0 0 Maximum Pressure
                Seconds      Seconds
                                   Tone for
                                   Duration of
                                   Condition
0 0 1 Forward Inertia Sensor
      38: Contact Closure
      Maximum Range
0 0 1 Transducer 14:
                &gt;5    Riding Brake
                             5 Count in
                                   Continuous Low
      Minimum pressure
                Seconds      500   Tone for
0 0 0 Forward Inertia Sensor Seconds
                                   Duration of
      38: Contact Open             Condition
0 1 0 Transducer 14:
                &gt;3    Tailgating
                             3 Counts in
                                   3 High Tones 2
      Medium pressure
                Seconds      300   Second Duration
0 1 0 Forward Inertia Sensor Seconds
                                   Each for
      38: Contact Closure          Duration of
      Mid Range                    Condition
0 1 0 Transducer 14: No
                &gt;5    Acceleration
                             3 Counts in
                                   6 Low Tones 2
      pressure  Seconds      1000  Second Duration
0 0 0 Rearward Inertia       Seconds
                                   for Each
      Sensor 40: Contact           Additional
      Closure Maximum              Incident
      Range
1 0 0 Side to Side Inertia
                &gt;3    Hard   1 Count in 0
                                   3 Low Tones 2
      Sensor 34: Contact
                Seconds
                      Cornering
                             Seconds
                                   Second Duration
      Closure Maximum              Each for
      Range Left                   Duration of
or-             Condition
0 0 1 Side to Side Inertia
      Sensor 34: Contact
      Closure Maximum
      Range Right
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     FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the controller is built into a dashboard supported unit, generally indicated at 80. The dashboard mounted unit 80 incorporates a display 82, preferably a full backlit dot matrix liquid crystal display, permitting individual mapping and control of each pixel. The display 82 generates graphics to represent the state of the cumulative occurrences of the predetermined driving pattern offenses detected by the system. Preset limits to occurrences before an alert condition exists are indicated by bars 88A, B and C for predetermined driving pattern offenses denoted by the icons 90A, 90B and 90C. The icon 90A refers to hard braking or riding the brake, the icon 90B to tailgating, and icon 90C to cornering. When an alert occurs a scrolling alphanumeric message 92 will clearly display the specific warning. Simultaneously, the affected column and icon will blink on and off until a reset button 94 is depressed. The system uses soft keys displayed on the display 82 in association with a hard operator actuated key such as 94. 
     In alternative embodiments of the invention the system could store a plurality of different databases for multiple users and the user could enter a user number to select an appropriate database. The system might further incorporate interface relay output contacts for an alarm system to disengage the engine if the device detects driving patterns associated with hazardous driving or inebriation. The system might have a memory to record operation for later downloading by authorized persons. It might incorporate a port to communicate with a personal computer to upload or download data. It might further include an internal printer, preferably of the thermal type, to print occurrence results and statistics. Such a printout could include the subject user&#39;s identification when used for instructional purposes. 
     A ground position satellite device might be used to record the specific location of driving habit violations for downloading to a computer for printout and analysis. The memory might additionally accumulate data over a number of days to permit the study of a particular driver&#39;s performance over time. 
     The system might couple to the brake system at some point such as the master cylinder instead of incorporating a pressure transducer on the brake pedal.