Patent Publication Number: US-6987045-B2

Title: Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 09/971,736, filed Oct. 9, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,798 which is based upon and claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-129488, filed in Apr. 26, 2001, the contents being incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same and, more particularly, a semiconductor device having a capacitor and a method of manufacturing the same. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the capacitors constituting the planar FeRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory) have a stripe-like lower electrode  101  called a plate line, a ferroelectric film  102  formed on the lower electrode  101 , and a plurality of upper electrodes  103  formed on the ferroelectric film  102 . Then, the capacitors are formed on the stripe-like lower electrode  101  as many as the upper electrodes  103 . 
     Then, steps of forming the capacitor in the prior art, viewed from a I—I cross section in  FIG. 1 , will be explained hereunder. 
     First, as shown in  FIG. 2A , a first conductive film  101   a , a ferroelectric film  102 , and a second conductive film  103   a  are formed sequentially on an insulating film  100 . Then, a first resist pattern (not shown) having an upper electrode shape is formed on the second conductive film  103   a , and then the second conductive film  103   a  is etched while using the first resist pattern as a mask. Then, as shown in  FIG. 2B , the second conductive film  103   a  left after the first resist pattern is removed is employed as the upper electrode  103 . 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 2C , a stripe-like second resist pattern  104  is formed on the ferroelectric film  102  to have a shape that coincides with both side edges of the upper electrode  103 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 2D , the ferroelectric film  102  is etched by using the second resist pattern  104  as a mask. 
     The second resist pattern  104  is removed, and then a stripe-like third resist pattern  105  is formed on the first conductive film  101   a  to have a shape that coincides with both side edges of the upper electrode  103  and the ferroelectric film  102 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 2E , the first conductive film  101   a  is etched by using the third resist pattern  105  as a mask, whereby the first conductive film  101   a  being left is employed as the lower electrode  101 . After this, a planar shape shown in  FIG. 1  can be obtained substantially by removing the third resist pattern  105 . 
     As the material of the ferroelectric film  102  constituting such capacitor, PZT, PLZT, SBT, etc. are used. Also, as the material of the conductive films  101   a ,  103   a , Pt, Ir, Ru, etc. are used. Since all materials have poor reactivity, the plasma etching having the strong sputter characteristic is employed mainly to pattern these films. In such etching process, as shown in  FIGS. 2D and 2E , a product  106  is ready to adhere to the side wall of the pattern during the etching. The product  106  is conductive because it contains metal material. Thus, if the product  106  remains as it is, such product  106  causes the leakage current to flow between the upper and lower electrodes  103 ,  101  of the capacitor. 
     In other words, if the shape of the second resist pattern  104  or the third resist pattern  105  that is employed to pattern the ferroelectric film  102  or the lower electrode  101  is shaped to coincide with both side edges of the upper electrode  103 , the conductive etching product  106  is adhered to the side wall of the capacitor. Therefore, such product  106  causes a short circuit between the upper electrode  103  and the lower electrode  101 . 
     The fact that the reaction product is adhered to the side wall of the capacitor, that is patterned by using the resist as a mask, is also set forth in Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) Hei 10-98162. 
     In order to prevent the adhesion of the etching product onto the side wall of the capacitor, as shown in  FIG. 3A  or  FIG. 3B , it is normal to form the second resist pattern  104  or the third resist pattern  105  wider than the width of the upper electrode  103  such that the etching product can be prevented from adhering onto the side wall of the overall capacitor. 
     The extended width of the second resist pattern  104  or the third resist pattern  105  from the upper electrode  103  must be set the length that is obtained by adding the margin to the displacement control range in the photolithography step. 
     Accordingly, the sectional shape of the capacitor is given as shown in  FIG. 3C  after the formation of the capacitor is completed. Thus, the side surface of the upper electrode  103  and the side surface of the lower electrode  101  are not positioned on the same plane and thus formed in tiers to have a level difference. A planar shape of the capacitor is shown in FIG.  4 . 
     However, according to the capacitor forming method shown in  FIGS. 3A  to  3 D, the short between the upper electrode and the lower electrode via the etching product can be prevented. In this case, the miniaturization of the capacitor is disturbed since, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the width of the lower electrode  101  must be formed larger than the upper electrode  103  by for example about 0.45 μm on one side because of the displacement of the exposure equipment and the marginal width. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor device capable of reducing a difference between a width of an upper electrode constituting a capacitor and a width of a lower electrode constituting the capacitor smaller than that of the prior art and a method of manufacturing the same. 
     According to the present invention, when the dielectric film or the lower electrode constituting the capacitor is patterned by the etching and using the resist pattern, the side of the upper electrode is exposed by retreating the edge of the resist pattern during the etching, then the upper electrode of the capacitor and the resist pattern are used as the etching mask. The thickness of the upper electrode or the etching conditions is controlled or the material of the upper portion of the upper electrode is constituted so that the planar shape of the upper electrode is seldom changed at a point of time when the etching of the film serving as the dielectric film or the lower electrode is finished. 
     Therefore, since the conductive product generated at the time of etching does not adhere onto the side surface of the capacitor, the short between the upper electrode and the lower electrode via the conductive product is prevented in advance. Also, the improvement of the cell efficiency is achieved by suppressing the reduction in the width of the upper electrode from the width of the lower electrode to the lowest minimum. 
     Also, according to the present invention, not only the retreat of the resist pattern but also the retreat of the upper electrode is executed when the dielectric film or the lower electrode film is etched. Therefore, the reduction of the area of the capacitor due to the rounded corners of the resist pattern is hard to occur. 
     In addition, according to the present invention, the both sides of the upper electrode are exposed from the resist pattern, and both sides of the upper electrode are removed when the dielectric film or the lower electrode film is patterned by etching. Therefore, the variation in the area of the upper electrode due to the displacement of the resist pattern can be suppressed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view showing a shape of an ideal capacitor in the FeRAM; 
         FIGS. 2A  to  2 E are sectional views showing first capacitor forming steps in the prior art; 
         FIGS. 3A  to  3 C are sectional views showing second capacitor forming steps in the prior art; 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view showing a shape of a capacitor formed by the second capacitor forming steps; 
         FIGS. 5A  to  5 L are sectional views showing steps of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 6A  to  6 F are sectional views, taken along a II—II line in  FIG. 6A , showing steps of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 7A  to  7 I are plan views showing steps of forming a memory cell of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a sectional view showing the state that side portions of an upper electrode constituting a capacitor of the memory cell of the semiconductor device are retreated; 
         FIG. 9  is a sectional view showing a taper shape of a side surface of the upper electrode, a dielectric film, and a lower electrode constituting the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a view showing a relationship between a chlorine ratio and a difference ΔW in a bottom surface width of the upper and lower electrodes in the etching of a first conductive film as the lower electrode in order to form the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11A  is a perspective view showing the state that by-product is adhered onto the side surface of the capacitor after the etching of the first conductive film serving as the lower electrode is finished, and  FIG. 11B  is a perspective view showing the state that the by-product is not adhered onto the side surface of the capacitor after the etching of the first conductive film serving as the lower electrode is finished; 
         FIGS. 12A  to  12 C are sectional views showing steps of forming the capacitor when a film having a high selective etching property is formed on the upper electrode constituting the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13A  is a sectional view showing the case where the upper electrode and the dielectric film constituting the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention are formed by the same resist pattern,  FIG. 13B  is a sectional view taken along a III—III line in  FIG. 13A , and  FIG. 13C  is a plan view of the case; 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  are sectional views showing the etching step applied to form the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 15A and 15B  are plan views showing the etching step applied to form the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 16A and 16B  are sectional views showing the steps of forming the dielectric film and the lower electrode when displacement of the resist pattern occurs in the etching step applied to form the capacitor of the semiconductor device; 
         FIGS. 17A and 17B  are sectional views showing the etching step applied to form a capacitor of a semiconductor device according to a third embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 18A and 18B  are plan views showing the etching step applied to form the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  are sectional views showing the etching step applied to form a capacitor of a semiconductor device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  are plan views showing the etching step applied to form the capacitor of the semiconductor device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter. 
     (First Embodiment) 
       FIGS. 5A  to  5 L are sectional views showing steps of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.  FIGS. 6A  to  6 F are sectional views showing steps of forming a capacitor in the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the word line direction.  FIGS. 7A  to  7 I are plan views showing steps of forming a memory cell of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
     First, steps required to get a sectional structure shown in  FIG. 5A  will be explained hereunder. 
     A device isolation insulating film  2  is formed on a surface of an n-type or p-type silicon (semiconductor) substrate  1  by the LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) method. STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) may be employed as the device isolation insulating film  2 . 
     After such device isolation insulating film  2  is formed, a p-well  3  is formed in a predetermined active region (transistor forming region) in the memory cell region of the silicon substrate  1 . 
     Then, a silicon oxide film is formed by thermally oxidizing a surface of the active region of the silicon substrate  1 . This silicon oxide film is used as a gate insulating film  4 . 
     Then, a conductive film made of polysilicon or refractory metal silicide is formed on an overall upper surface of the silicon substrate  1 . Then, gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  are formed by patterning the conductive film into a predetermined shape by virtue of the photolithography method. Two gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  are arranged in almost parallel on the p-well  3  in the memory cell region. These gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  constitute a part of the word line. 
     Then, n-type impurity diffusion regions  6   a ,  6   b  serving as source/drain of an n-channel MOS transistor are formed by ion-implanting the n-type impurity into the p-well  3  on both sides of the gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b . Then, an insulating film is formed on the overall surface of the silicon substrate  1 , and then the insulating film is etched back to be left on both sides of the gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  as sidewall insulating films  7 . The insulating film is a silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) film formed by the CVD method, for example. 
     Then, the n-type impurity diffusion regions  6   a ,  6   b  are formed as the LDD structure by implanting the n-type impurity ion again in the p-well  3  while using the gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  and the sidewall insulating films  7  as a mask. In one p-well  3 , the n-type impurity diffusion region  6   b  put between two gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  is connected electrically to the bit line described later, and two n-type impurity diffusion regions  6   a  formed on both sides of the p-well  3  is connected electrically to an upper electrode of the capacitor described later. 
     As described above, two n-type MOSFETs are constructed by the gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b , the n-type impurity diffusion regions  6   a ,  6   b , etc. in the p-well  3 . A planar structure of the memory cell is shown in FIG.  7 A. In this case, the sidewall insulating films  7  are omitted in this plan view. 
     Then, a refractory metal film is formed on the overall surface, and then refractory metal silicide layers  8   a ,  8   b  are formed on surfaces of the n-type impurity diffusion regions  6   a ,  6   b  respectively by heating this refractory metal film. Then, the unreacted refractory metal film is removed by the wet etching. 
     Then, a silicon oxide nitride (SiON) film of about 200 nm thickness is formed on the entire surface of the silicon substrate  1  by the plasma CVD method as a cover film  9 . Then, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is grown on the cover film  9  as a first interlayer insulating film  10  by the plasma CVD method using the TEOS gas to have a thickness of about 1.0 μm. In turn, the first interlayer insulating film  10  is polished by the CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method to planarize its upper surface. 
     Next, steps required to form a structure shown in  FIG. 5B ,  FIG. 6A  will be explained hereunder. 
     First, a platinum (Pt) film of 100 to 300 nm thickness is formed on the first interlayer insulating film  10  by the DC sputter method. This platinum film is used as a first conductive film  11 . In order to improve the adhesion between the platinum film and the first interlayer insulating film  10 , a titanium film of 10 to 30 nm thickness may be formed between them. In this case, as the first conductive film  11 , a film made of iridium, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, strontium ruthenium oxide (SrRuO 3 ), etc. may be formed. 
     Then, PZT (Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 ) is formed on the first conductive film  11  by the sputtering method to have a thickness of 100 to 300 nm. This PZT film is used as a ferroelectric film  12 . 
     Then, the silicon substrate  1  is placed in the oxygen atmosphere. Then, the RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) process is applied to the PLZT (Plumbum Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate) film constituting the ferroelectric film  12  at the temperature of 725° C. and the temperature-rising rate of 125° C./sec for 20 seconds, for example. Thus, the crystallizing process of the PZT film is carried out. 
     As the method of forming the ferroelectric film  12 , there are the spin-on method, the sol-gel method, the MOD (Metal Organic Deposition) method, and the MOCVD method in addition to the above sputter method. Also, as the material of the ferroelectric film  12 , there are bismuthate compound such as PLZT ((Pb 1-x La x )(Zr 1-y Ti y )O 3 ) SrBi 2 (Ta x Nb 1-x ) 2 O 9  (0&lt;x≦1), Bi 4 Ti 2 O 12 , etc. in addition to PZT. 
     After such ferroelectric film  12  is formed, an iridium oxide (IrO x ) film of 150 to 250 nm thickness is formed thereon as a second conductive film  13  by the sputtering method. That is, the thickness of the second conductive film  13  is set to such a value that the film still remains by at least more than 20 nm at its side edge portions in the state that the patterning of the second conductive film  13 , the ferroelectric film  12 , and the first conductive film  11  is finished. In this case, as the second conductive film  13 , a platinum film or a strontium ruthenium oxide (SRO) film may be formed by the sputter method. The memory cell in which the second conductive film  13  is formed has a planar structure shown in FIG.  7 B. 
     Then, resist is coated on the second conductive film  13  and then first resist patterns  14  each having a shape of an upper electrode are formed by exposing/developing this resist. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5C ,  FIG. 6B , and  FIG. 7C , the second conductive film  13  is etched by using the first resist patterns  14  as a mask, whereby the second conductive film  13  being left is used as an upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5D , the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are exposed by removing the first resist patterns  14 . 
     After this, the ferroelectric film  12  is annealed via the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor in the oxygen atmosphere at the temperature of 650° C. for 60 minutes. This annealing is carried out to recover the damage applied to the ferroelectric film  12  in the sputtering and the etching. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5E ,  FIG. 6C , and  FIG. 7D , second resist patterns  15  are formed by coating the resist on the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor and the ferroelectric film  12  and then exposing/developing this resist. The second resist patterns  15  have stripe shapes passing over a plurality of upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, which are aligned in the extended direction of the gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b , and also have a width equivalent to that of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor respectively. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5F ,  FIG. 6D , and  FIG. 7E , the ferroelectric film  12  is etched by using the second resist patterns  15  as a mask. At this time, the adhesion of the by-product onto the side wall of the capacitor should be prevented by setting the etching conditions that is able to retreat appropriately the second resist patterns  15 . An amount of retreat x 1  of the second resist patterns  15  on one side at this time is almost 0.4 μm. The control of the amount of retreat of the resist is executed by adding a gas that has reactivity to the resist, e.g., a chlorine (Cl 2 ) gas, etc. into the process gas or adjusting the pressure or the bias power. The details will be described later. 
     During the etching of the ferroelectric film  12 , the second resist patterns  15  is retreated to expose peripheral edge portions on both sides of the upper electrodes  13   a , and then upper portions near the both ends of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are etched. In this case, the exposed portion functions as a mask for the ferroelectric film  12 , and both sides of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor remain to have a thickness that can satisfy sufficiently the masking property at a point of time when the etching of the ferroelectric film  12  is finished. In order to make the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor have the masking property sufficiently, the material, the film thickness, or the selective etching ratio of the first conductive film  13  is set. 
     The upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are covered with the second resist patterns  15  wider than the amount of retreat in the extending direction of the stripe-like ferroelectric film  12 . Therefore, as shown in  FIG. 7E , the film thickness is not changed except four corners of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     As a result, after the patterning of the ferroelectric film  12  is finished, the film thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor distributes such that the film thickness is thick in the center portion of the area that is covered with the second resist patterns  15  to the end and is thin on both side portions of the area. 
     The ferroelectric film  12  that is patterned like a stripe while using the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor as a part of a mask is used as a dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor. Then, the second resist patterns  15  is removed, and then the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor is annealed in the oxygen atmosphere at the temperature of 650° C. for 60 minutes. A planar state obtained after the second resist patterns  15  are removed is shown in FIG.  7 F. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5G ,  FIG. 6E , and  FIG. 7G , an Al 2 O 3  film of 50 nm thickness is formed as an encap layer  14  on the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor, and the first conductive film  11  by the sputtering method at the normal temperature. This encap layer  17  is formed to protect the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor, which are ready to be reduced, from the hydrogen. As the encap layer  17 , a PZT film, a PLZT film, or a titanium oxide film may be formed. In  FIGS. 7G  to  7 I, this encap layer  17  is omitted. 
     Then, the film quality is improved by applying the RTA process to the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor under the encap layer  17  in the oxygen atmosphere at the temperature of 700° C. and the temperature-rising rate of 125° C./sec for 60 seconds. 
     Then, third resist patterns  16  are formed on the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor by coating the resist on the encap layer  17  and then exposing/developing this resist. The third resist patterns  16  have stripe shapes that are longer than the dielectric films  12   a  and also have a width equivalent to that of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor respectively. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5H ,  FIG. 6F , and  FIG. 7H , the first conductive film  11  and the encap layer  17  are etched by using the third resist patterns  16  as a mask, and accordingly the stripe-like first conductive films  11  left under third resist patterns  16  are used as lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor. The lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor is also called a plate line. 
     At the time of etching, the adhesion of the etching product onto the capacitor side wall can be prevented by setting the etching conditions to retreat appropriately the third resist patterns  16 . An amount of retreat x 2  of the third resist patterns  16  on one side at this time is about 0.4 μm. The amount of retreat of the resist can be controlled by adding a gas that has the reactivity to the resist, e.g., the chlorine (Cl 2 ) gas, or the like, into the process gas or adjusting the pressure or the bias power. The details will be described later. 
     The third resist patterns  16  are retreated during the etching of the first conductive film  11  and the encap layer  17 , and then upper portions of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor on both sides are exposed and etched. In this case, since the exposed portion functions as a mask, the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are left to have the thickness having the masking property sufficiently at a point of time when the etching of the first conductive film  11  is finished. 
     The thickness that is enough to function as the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor must be assured as the thickness of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor left at a point of time when the formation of the first conductive film  11  is finished. The performance of the ferroelectric capacitor is largely affected by the crystal state close to the boundary between the ferroelectric film  12  and the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. That is, even when the film of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is reduced in thickness, the capacitor is not largely influenced if the layer that is close to the boundary and decides the capacitor performance is assured. In the case that a PZT film is employed as the ferroelectric film  12  and an iridium oxide film is employed as the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor, the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor must be left finally on both sides to have a thickness of more than 20 nm if preservation of the good crystallinity of the layer close to the boundary is taken into consideration. 
     A planar structure on the first interlayer insulating film  10  after the third resist patterns  16  are removed is shown in  FIG. 7I. A  plurality of upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are formed on one stripe-like dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor, and the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor under the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor are formed longer than the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor. Accordingly, the ferroelectric capacitors Q each consisting of the lower electrode  11   a , the dielectric film  12   a , and the upper electrode  13   a  are formed on the first interlayer insulating film  10  as many as the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     Then, the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor are annealed at the temperature of 650° C. for 60 minutes in the oxygen atmosphere and thus recovered from the damage. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 5I , an SiO 2  film of 1200 nm thickness is formed as a second interlayer insulating film  18  on the ferroelectric capacitors Q and the first interlayer insulating film  10  by the CVD method, and then a surface of the second interlayer insulating film  18  is planarized by the CMP method. The growth of the second interlayer insulating film  18  may be carried out by employing either silane (SiH 4 ) or TEOS as the reaction gas. Planarization of the surface of the second interlayer insulating film  18  is continued to get a thickness of 200 nm from the upper surface of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     Next, steps required to form a structure shown in  FIG. 5J  will be explained hereunder. 
     First, contact holes  18   a ,  18   b ,  18   c  are formed on the n-type impurity diffusion regions  6   a ,  6   b , and the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor by patterning the first interlayer insulating film  10 , the second interlayer insulating film  18 , and the cover film  9  respectively. The CF gas, for example, the mixed gas in which Ar is added to CF 4  is employed as the etching gas for the first interlayer insulating film  10 , the second interlayer insulating film  18 , and the cover film  9 . In this case, the contact holes  18   c  formed on the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor are not depicted in the sectional views but indicated by forming positions in FIG.  7 I. 
     Then, a titanium (Ti) film of 20 nm thickness and a titanium nitride (TiN) film of 50 nm thickness are formed on the second interlayer insulating film  18  and inner surfaces of the contact holes  18   a ,  18   b ,  18   c  by the sputtering method, and these films are used as an adhesive layer. Then, a tungsten film is formed on the adhesive layer by the CVD method using a mixed gas consisting of a tungsten fluoride (WF 6 ) gas, argon, hydrogen. The contact holes  18   a ,  18   b ,  18   c  are buried completely by this tungsten film. 
     Then, the titanium film and the adhesive layer on the second interlayer insulating film  18  are removed by the CMP method to be left only in the contact holes  18   a ,  18   b ,  18   c . Accordingly, the titanium film and the adhesive layer in the contact holes  18   a ,  18   b ,  18   c  are employed as conductive plugs  19   a ,  19   b.    
     Here, in one p-well  3  in the memory cell region, the first conductive plug  19   b  on the central n-type impurity diffusion region  6   b  put between two gate electrodes  5   a ,  5   b  is connected electrically to the bit line described later, and two second conductive plugs  19   a  on both sides is connected to the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor via the wiring described later. In addition, the contact holes  18   c  on the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor and the conductive plugs (not shown) in the contact holes  18   c  are formed on portions that are protruded from the top end of the dielectric film. 
     Then, the second interlayer insulating film  18  is heated in the vacuum chamber at the temperature of 390° C. to discharge the moisture to the outside. 
     Next, steps required to form a structure shown in  FIG. 5K  will be explained hereunder. 
     First, an SiON film of 100 nm thickness, for example, is formed on the second interlayer insulating film  18  and the conductive plugs  19   a ,  19   b  as an oxidation preventing film  20  by the plasma CVD method. This SiON film is formed by using a mixed gas consisting of silane (SiH 4 ) and N 2 O. 
     Then, contact holes  20   a  are formed on the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor by patterning the encap layer  17 , the second interlayer insulating film  18  and the oxidation preventing film  20  by virtue of the photolithography method. 
     After this, the film quality of the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor is improved by annealing the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor at 550° C. for 60 minutes in the oxygen atmosphere. In this case, the oxidation of the conductive plugs  19   a ,  19   b  can be prevented by the oxidation preventing film  20 . 
     Next, steps required to form a structure shown in  FIG. 5L  will be explained hereunder. 
     First, the oxidation preventing film  20  is removed by the dry etching using the CF gas. 
     Then, respective surfaces of the conductive plugs  19   a ,  19   b  and the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are etched by about 10 nm by the RF etching method to expose clean surfaces. Then, a conductive film having a quadruple-layered structure containing aluminum is formed on the second interlayer insulating film  18 , the conductive plugs  19   a ,  19   b , and the contact holes  20   a  by the sputter method. The conductive film consists of a titanium nitride film of 50 nm thickness, a copper-containing (0.5%) aluminum film of 500 nm thickness, a titanium film of 5 nm thickness, and a titanium nitride film of 100 nm thickness from the bottom. 
     Then, the conductive film having the multi-layered structure is patterned by the photolithography method to form via contact pads  21   b  on the conductive plugs  19   b  in the center of the p-well  3  and also form wirings  21   a  each having a shape that connects an upper surface of the conductive plug  19   a  on both sides and an upper surface of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. Accordingly, the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is connected to the n-type impurity diffusion region  6   a  near both sides of the p-well  3  via the wiring  21   a , the conductive plug  19   a  and the refractory metal silicide layer  8   a . In this case, another wiring (not shown) is also formed on the conductive plug (not shown) formed on the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor. 
     Then, an SiO 2  film of 2300 nm thickness is formed as a third interlayer insulating film  22  by the plasma CVD method using TEOS as the source. Thus, the second interlayer insulating film  18 , the wirings  21   a , the contact pad  21   b , etc. are covered with the third interlayer insulating film  22 . Subsequently a surface of the third interlayer insulating film  22  is made flat by the CMP method. 
     Then, a protection insulating film  23  made of SiO 2  is formed on the third interlayer insulating film  22  by the plasma CVD method using TEOS. Then, a contact hole  22   a  is formed on the contact pad  21   b  positioned over the center of the p-well  3  in the memory cell region by patterning the third interlayer insulating film  22  and the protection insulating film  23 . 
     Then, an adhesive layer  24  made of titanium nitride (TiN) and having a thickness of 90 to 150 nm is formed on an upper surface of the protection insulating film  23  and an inner surface of the contact hole  22   a  by the sputter method. Then, a blanket tungsten film  25  is formed by the CVD method to fill the contact hole  22   a.    
     Then, the blanket tungsten film  25  is etched back to leave only in the contact hole  22   a . This blanket tungsten film  25  left in the contact hole  22   a  is used as the second layer conductive plug. 
     Then, a metal film is formed on the adhesive layer  24  and the blanket tungsten film  25  by the sputter method. Then, a bit line  26  that is connected electrically to the n-type impurity diffusion region  6   b  via the second layer conductive plug ( 25 ), the contact pad  21   a , the first layer conductive plug  20   b , and the refractory metal silicide layer  8   b  is formed by patterning the metal film by means of the photolithography method. 
     In this first embodiment, since the second resist patterns  15  or the third resist patterns  16  are retreated from the side in the middle of the etching of the ferroelectric film  12  or the first conductive film  11 , both side shoulder portions of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are exposed and partially etched. However, since the exposed portions function as an etching mask of the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11 , the patterning of the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  can be carried out fairly. Accordingly, the side surfaces of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, the side surfaces of the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor, and the side surfaces of the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor are positioned on the substantially same plane. 
     In this case, the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor must be left to have a thickness the suitable masking property as the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor at a point of time when the formation of the ferroelectric capacitor Q is finished. A selective etching ratio of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor to the ferroelectric film  12  or the first conductive film  11  is set low by optimizing the material and the thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor and the etching conditions to cause the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor to have the masking property sufficiently. 
     It is not quite enough that the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor remaining at a point of time when the formation of the ferroelectric capacitor Q is finished are merely left. Not only the essential change in the pattern shape of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor is not caused, but also the thickness that is enough to act as the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor must be assured. As described above, the thickness not to change the crystalline state close to the boundary between the ferroelectric film  12  and the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor is needed. Finally the thickness of more than 20 nm must be left. However, this lower limit value of the thickness corresponds to the case where PZT is employed as the ferroelectric film  12  and the iridium oxide film is employed as the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     If the function of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor as the mask lacks, the side portions of the resist patterns  15 ,  16  are retreated, as shown in  FIG. 8 , and therefore exposed portions of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are etched to then expose the ferroelectric film  12 . As a result, the shape of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor becomes substantially equal to the planar shape shown in FIG.  4 . Thus, it is impossible to reduce the capacitance of the ferroelectric capacitor Q or to achieve the higher density of the capacitors. 
     Therefore, if the material of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor has the low masking property, such low masking property can be dealt with by forming a film that is formed of the masking material having the high selective etching property to the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11 , e.g., an SRO (strontium ruthenium oxide) film on the second conductive film  13 , or shortening an etching time by reducing previously the thicknesses of the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11 , or increasing the thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     In the meanwhile, sectional shapes derived when the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  are etched by using the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor as a mask are shown in FIG.  9 . An expansion ΔW of a width of the bottom portion of the lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor from a width of the bottom portion of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor on one side can be expressed by Eq. (1). Where T ferro  is a thickness of the ferroelectric film, T be  is a thickness of the lower electrode of the capacitor, and θ is a taper angle of a line connecting a side edge of the bottom portion of the upper electrode of the capacitor and a side edge of the bottom portion of the lower electrode of the capacitor.
 
Δ W =( T   ferro   +T   be )/tan θ  (1)
 
     ΔW may be reduced to miniaturize according to the present technology, and there is no necessity that the width of the upper electrode of the capacitor should be reduced by the alignment margin needed in the photolithography. As explained in the prior art column, if the conductive by-product generated in the etching is adhered onto the side walls of the resist, the short circuit between the upper electrode of the capacitor and the lower electrode of the capacitor is caused. 
     Therefore, if the resist patterns  15 ,  16  are retreated appropriately in the lateral direction as in the present first embodiment, the etching can be carried out while always cutting the conductive by-product adhered onto the side walls of the resist patterns  15 ,  16 . However, if the resist patterns  15 ,  16  are retreated excessively, the exposure of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is increased and thus the width and the thickness the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor cannot be assured sufficiently after the formation of the capacitor is finished. 
       FIG. 10  shows a relationship between ΔW and the by-product adhesion by changing a gas ratio of chlorine and argon to adjust the amount of retreat of the side portion of the resist pattern  16 , in the steps of forming the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor by etching the first conductive film  11  made of platinum by virtue of the plasma reactive ion etching using the mixed gas of chlorine and argon while using the resist patterns  16 . 
     The etching equipment in which the inductive coupling plasma generating source is employed as the plasma source and a low frequency bias power of 400 kHz is applied to the semiconductor substrate side is employed. Also, the resist patterns  16  are subjected to the hardening by the ultraviolet (UV) cure to assure the heat resistance. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , if a retreating speed of the side portion of the resist pattern  16  is decreased by lowering the chlorine (Cl 2 ) ratio, ΔW can be reduced. In this case, the short circuit due to the adhesion of the etching product  29  onto the side wall, as shown in  FIG. 11A , is generated when the Cl 2  ratio becomes lower than 40 to 50%. When the margin for the short circuit is taken account of, it was found that, if the etching is executed at the Cl 2  ratio of about 60%, the retreating speed of the resist patterns  16  becomes optimum and also the adhesion of the etching product  29  onto the side wall is not generated, as shown in  FIG. 11B , although ΔW is a little large. 
     In the etching of the ferroelectric film  12 , especially the etching of the oxygen-containing dielectric film such as PZT, PLZT, etc., the retreating speed of the resist patterns becomes quick even at the same chlorine ratio since the oxygen is supplied during the etching. Even if the Cl 2  ratio is lowered considerably, the short circuit due to the adhesion of the etching product  29  is hard to occur rather than the case where the film not-containing the oxygen, e.g., the first conductive film  11  made of platinum is etched. In the experiment, no adhesion of the etching product  29  was found when the Cl 2  ratio in the etching of the PZT film is lowered up to 12.5%. 
     However, when the first conductive film  11  is exposed after the etching of the PZT ferroelectric film  12  is finished, the effect for preventing the adhesion of the etching product onto the side walls by the oxygen is eliminated, so that the etching product  29  generated by the etching of the first conductive film  11  adheres onto the side walls of the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor and the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. As the countermeasure to this, if the etching conditions are switched to enhance the retreating speed of the resist patterns  15  when the first conductive film  11  is exposed, the adhesion of the etching product  29  onto the side walls can be suppressed. 
     The reason for that the adhesion of the etching product onto the side walls, caused by the retreat of the resist pattern, can be prevented is that the etching product is ready to adhere onto the side walls of the resist patterns and thus such influence appears on the lower side walls. Thus, the etching product is difficult to adhere onto the side surfaces of the capacitor by separating the side surfaces of the resist pattern from the side surfaces of the capacitor. 
     As an example of the etching conditions of the ferroelectric film  12 , as the first step, a total flow rate of the chlorine gas and the argon gas is set to 50 to 100 ml/min, the chlorine ratio is set to 15 to 25%, the bias power is set to 200 to 1000 W (400 kHz), and a degree of vacuum of the etching atmosphere is set to 0.5 to 0.9 Pa. Then, as the second atep, the total flow rate of the chlorine gas and the argon gas is set to 50 to 100 ml/min, the chlorine ratio is set to 60 to 90%, the bias power is set to 200 to 1000 W (400 kHz), and a degree of vacuum of the etching atmosphere is set to 0.5 to 0.9 Pa. Also, as the preferable the etching conditions of the first conductive film  11 , the total flow rate of the chlorine gas and the argon gas is set to 50 to 100 ml/min, the chlorine ratio is set to 50 to 70%, the bias power is set to 200 to 1000 W (400 kHz), and a degree of vacuum of the etching atmosphere is set to 0.5 to 0.9 Pa. 
     By the way, if the masking property is insufficient to assure the thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, such lack can be overcome by covering the masking material having the good selectivity on the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, or shortening the etching time by reducing the thicknesses of the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor and the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor, or increasing the thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 12A , the SRO (strontium ruthenium oxide) film  27  having the high selectivity to the ferroelectric film  12  or the first conductive film  11  is formed on a part of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, and then the stripe-like second resist patterns  15  passing over the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are formed on the ferroelectric film  12 . Then, as shown in FIGS.  12 B and  22 C, the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor are formed by etching the ferroelectric film  12  while using the second resist patterns  15  as a mask, and then the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor are formed by patterning the first conductive film  11 . 
     Since such patterning method is applied, the retreat of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor in the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  can be suppressed, and also the thinning of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor can be suppressed considerably. In this case, in  FIGS. 12A  to  12 C, the SRO film  27  is formed on a part of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, but such SRO film  27  may be formed on the overall surface of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor. The patterning of the SRO film  27  may be executed separately with that of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, or continuously to that of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     The first resist patterns  14  and the second resist patterns  15 , that have a different shape respectively, are employed in the patterning of the second conductive film  13  and the patterning of the ferroelectric film  12 . However, as shown in  FIG. 13A , the second conductive film  13  and the ferroelectric film  12  may be continuously patterned by employing the first resist patterns  14 . In the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor formed as above, not only upper portions located on both sides are etched as shown in  FIG. 13A , but also upper portions located on both sides in the extended direction of the gate electrode  5   b  are etched as shown in FIG.  13 B. Also, as shown in  FIG. 13C , a planar shape of the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor is not formed like the stripe shape but formed in the similar shape to the planar shape of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor. 
     (Second Embodiment) 
       FIGS. 14A and 14B  are sectional views showing steps of etching continuously the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  by using the second resist patterns  15 , and  FIGS. 15A and 15B  are their plan views. 
     First, as shown in FIG.  14 A and  FIG. 15A , in order to leave the sufficient upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor at a point of time when the formation of the capacitor is completed even if the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are exposed from the beginning of the etching of the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11 , the first conductive film  13  constituting the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor is formed thick from the beginning of the film formation. 
     Then, the stripe-like second resist patterns  15  passing over the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor are formed on the ferroelectric film  12 . In this case, assume the state that a part of upper surfaces of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor is exposed on the sides of the second resist patterns  15 . 
     Then, as shown in FIG.  14 B and  FIG. 15B , the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor and the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor are formed by etching the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  while using the second resist patterns  15  as a mask. A part of upper layers of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor on both sides is lost after the etching is finished, but the thickness enough to function as the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor still remains. 
     As a result, even if the displacement of the second resist patterns  15  to the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor occurs at the time of etching of the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11 , the original areas of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor can be assured after the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  are etched. Accordingly, as shown in a plan view in  FIG. 15B , shapes of the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor and the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor formed by patterning the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  are formed to reflect the shapes of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor on their side portions, but their lower widths are retreated between the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor to narrow. 
     In this case, respective thicknesses of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor, the ferroelectric film  12  (the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor), and the first conductive film  11  (the lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor) have a relationship given by Inequality (2). Where T te  is the thickness of the upper electrode of the capacitor, T ferro  is the thickness of the ferroelectric film, T be  is the thickness of the lower electrode of the capacitor, ER te  is the etching rate of the upper electrode of the capacitor, ER ferro  is the etching rate of the ferroelectric film of the capacitor, and ER be  is the etching rate of the lower electrode of the capacitor.
 
 T   te &gt;( T   ferro   ×ER   te   /ER   ferro   +T   be   ×ER   te   /ER   be )  (2)
 
     For example, in case the thickness of the ferroelectric film  12  made of PZT is set to 100 nm, the thickness of the first conductive film  11  made of platinum is set to 100 nm, the etching rate of the ferroelectric film  12  is set to 200 nm/min, the etching rate of the first conductive film  11  is set to 400 nm/min, and the etching rate of the upper electrode  13   a , made of the iridium oxide film, of the capacitor is set to 400 nm/min, the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor must be formed to have a thickness of more than 300 nm. 
     If the thickness of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor should be suppressed, the ferroelectric film  12  and the lower electrode film  11  of the capacitor may be set thin previously, otherwise the masking material having the high selectivity, e.g., SRO, may be coated on the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, as shown in  FIGS. 12A  to  12 C. 
     (Third Embodiment) 
     As shown in  FIG. 16A , if the third resist pattern  16  is displaced from the upper surface of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor to expose a part of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor from the beginning, the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is also etched at a point of time when the etching of the first conductive film  11  is finished. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 16B , an area of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is reduced. 
     Therefore, as shown in  FIGS. 17A and 18A , the width of the resist pattern  15  is formed smaller by the displacement precision or more when the ferroelectric film  12  and the lower electrode film  11  are etched. 
     In this case, the thickness of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is set such that the protruded portion of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor from the resist pattern  16  is deleted after the formation of the capacitor is finished and then the planar surface of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is formed as a rectangle. For this reason, as shown in  FIGS. 27B and 28B , even if the resist pattern  15  is displaced from the pattern of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor, the final width of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is decided based on the pattern width of the lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor, so that variation of the area of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor can be suppressed. 
     In this technology, the ferroelectric film  12  and the lower electrode film  11  must be worked by using the one layer mask, and thus the working must be made by using the two layer masks in total. The thicknesses of respective layers have a relationship given by Inequality (3) when the ferroelectric film  12  and the lower electrode film  11  are worked by using the one-layer resist pattern  15  after the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is worked by using the one-layer pattern  14 , for example. 
     Where T te  is the thickness of the upper electrode of the capacitor, T ferro  is the thickness of the ferroelectric film, T be  is the thickness of the lower electrode of the capacitor, ER te  is the etching rate of the upper electrode of the capacitor, ER ferro  is the etching rate of the ferroelectric film of the capacitor, and ER be  is the etching rate of the lower electrode of the capacitor.
 
 T   te &lt;( T   ferro   ×ER   te   /ER   ferro   +T   be   ×ER   te   /ER   be )  (3)
 
     For example, in case the thickness of the PZT ferroelectric film  12  is set to 200 nm, the thickness of the first conductive film  11  made of platinum is set to 200 nm, the etching rate of the PZT ferroelectric film  12  is set to 200 nm/min, the etching rate of the first conductive film  11  is set to 400 nm/min, and the etching rate of the upper electrode  13   a , made of the iridium oxide film, of the capacitor is set to 400 nm/min, the thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor must be set below 600 nm. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 13A  to  13 C, even if the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor and the dielectric films  12   a  of the capacitor are formed by using the same resist pattern, variation of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor can be suppressed. In this case, because the lower electrodes  11   a  of the capacitor are formed by using another resist pattern, two sheets of resist patterns are employed in total to form the ferroelectric capacitor Q. The final width of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor is decided based on the pattern width of the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor, and thus variation of the area of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor can be suppressed. 
     (Fourth Embodiment) 
     For the reason of the lithography technology, it is difficult to reproduce faithfully corner portions of the first resist pattern  14 , that is used to form the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor, on the reticle. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 7C , such corner portions of the first resist pattern  14  are slightly rounded. 
     With the progress of the miniaturization of the device, it is impossible to disregard loss of the area of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor because of generation of the rounded corner portions. 
     Therefore, a following method will be employed not worsen the cell efficiency. 
     First, as shown in FIG.  19 A and  FIG. 20A , the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is formed, and then the stripe-like second resist pattern  15  passing over the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor is formed on the ferroelectric film  12 . Then, as shown in FIG.  19 B and  FIG. 20B , the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor and the lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor are formed by etching the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  while employing the second resist pattern  15  as a mask. 
     At this etching, side portions of the second resist pattern  15  are retreated like the first embodiment, but the side portions of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor are etched together with the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11 . 
     In other words, the side portions of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor are etched under the conditions that such side portions of the upper electrode  13   a  can be retreated up to the width, which is equal to or smaller than the width between the rounded corner portions of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor, at a point of time when the etching of the ferroelectric film  12  and the first conductive film  11  is finished. 
     Accordingly, after the formation of the ferroelectric capacitor Q is finished, the rounded corner portions of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor are deleted and the side profile is transferred onto the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor and the lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor. This portion overlaps with taper portions of the dielectric film  12   a  of the capacitor and the lower electrode  11   a  of the capacitor. Consequently, the planar shape of the upper electrode  13   a  of the capacitor becomes a rectangular shape not to contain the rounded corner portion. 
     The thicknesses of respective films at this time has a relationship given by following Inequality (4). 
     Where T te  is the thickness of the upper electrode of the capacitor, T ferro  is the thickness of the ferroelectric film, T be  is the thickness of the lower electrode of the capacitor, ER te  is the etching rate of the upper electrode of the capacitor, ER ferro  is the etching rate of the ferroelectric film of the capacitor, and ER be  is the etching rate of the lower electrode of the capacitor.
 
 T   te &lt;( T   ferro   ×ER   te   /ER   ferro   +T   be   ×ER   te   /ER   be )  (4)
 
     For example, in case the thickness of the PZT ferroelectric film  12  is set to 200 nm, the thickness of the first conductive film  11  made of platinum is set to 200 nm, the etching rate of the PZT ferroelectric film  12  is set to 200 nm/min, the etching rate of the first conductive film  11  is set to 400 nm/min, and the etching rate of the upper electrode  13   a , made of the iridium oxide film, of the capacitor is set to 400 nm/min, the thickness of the upper electrodes  13   a  of the capacitor must be set below 600 mm. 
     In the above embodiments, FeRAM is explained. The present invention may be similarly applied to the formation of the capacitor of the DRAM. In this case, the high dielectric material such as (BaSr)TiO 3  (BST), strontium titanate (STO), etc. is used in place of the above ferroelectric material. 
     As described above, according to the present invention, if the dielectric film and the lower electrode constituting the capacitor are formed by the etching, both sides of the upper electrode are exposed by retreating the side portions of the resist pattern during the etching, then the upper electrode and the resist pattern are used as the etching mask, and then the planar shape of the upper electrode is seldom changed at a point of time when the etching of the film serving as the dielectric film or the lower electrode is finished. Therefore, since the conductive etching product generated on the side portions of the resist pattern is not adhered onto the side surfaces of the capacitor, the short circuit between the upper electrode and the lower electrode due to the etching product can be prevented in advance, and also the improvement of the cell efficiency can be achieved by suppressing the reduction in the width of the upper electrode from the width of the lower electrode to the lowest minimum. 
     Also, according to the present invention, not only the retreat of the resist pattern but also the retreat of the upper electrode is executed when the dielectric film or the lower electrode film is etched. Therefore, the reduction in the capacitor area due to the rounded corners of the resist pattern can be suppressed. 
     In addition, according to the present invention, when the dielectric film or the lower electrode film is etched, both sides of the upper electrode are exposed from the resist pattern and both sides of the upper electrode are removed by the exposed length. Therefore, variation in the area of the upper electrode due to the displacement of the resist pattern can be suppressed.