Patent Publication Number: US-2019176174-A1

Title: Button-lock fluid connector for hand-held spray guns

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to liquid spraying apparatuses, such as spray guns. More particularly, it relates to the connection between a spray gun and a reservoir containing the liquid to be sprayed. 
     Spray guns are widely used in vehicle body repair shops when re-spraying a vehicle that has been repaired following an accident. In the known spray guns, the liquid is contained in a reservoir attached to the gun from where it is fed to a spray nozzle. On emerging from the spray nozzle, the liquid is atomized and forms a spray with compressed air supplied to the nozzle. The liquid may be gravity fed or suction fed or, more recently, pressure fed by an air bleed line to the reservoir from the compressed air line to the spray gun, or from the spray gun itself 
     Summary 
     Traditionally, the liquid is contained in a rigid reservoir or pot removably mounted on the spray gun. In this way, the pot can be removed for cleaning or replacement. Previously, the pot was secured to the gun empty and provided a removable lid by which the desired liquid could be added to the pot while attached to the gun. On completion of spraying, the pot can be removed and the gun and pot cleaned for re-use. 
     More recently, reservoir assemblies have been developed that enables painters to mix less paint and drastically reduce the amount of technician time required for gun cleaning. The PPS™ Paint Preparation System available from 3M Company of St. Paul, Minn. provides a reservoir that eliminates the need for traditional mixing cups and paint strainers. The PPS™ Paint Preparation System reservoir includes a reusable outer container or cup, an open-topped liner and a lid. The liner is a close fit in the outer container, and paint (or other liquid) that is to be dispensed is held within the liner. The lid is assembled to the liner and provides a spout or conduit through which the contained paint is conveyed. In use, the liner collapses as paint is withdrawn and, after spraying, the liner and lid can be removed allowing a new, clean liner and lid to be employed for the next use of the spray gun. As a result, the amount of cleaning required is considerably reduced and the spray gun can be readily adapted to apply different paints in a simple manner. 
     Regardless of exact format, the reservoir or pot incorporates one or more connection features that facilitate removable assembly or attachment to the spray gun. In many instances, the spray gun and reservoir are designed in tandem, providing complementary connection formats that promote direct assembly of the reservoir to the spray gun. In other instances, an adaptor is employed between the reservoir and spray gun. The adaptor has a first connection format at one end that is compatible with the spray gun and a second connection format at an opposite end that is compatible with the reservoir. With either approach, releasable connection between the spray gun and reservoir was conventionally achieved via standard screw thread connection format. Other connection formats have also been suggested, such as a releasable quick-fit connection employing bayonet type formations that are engageable with a push-twist action requiring less than one complete turn of the reservoir to connect/disconnect the reservoir as described, for example, in U.S. Application Publication No. 2013/0221130 the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. To minimize the possibility of accidental release of the reservoir or diminished fluid-tight seal between the reservoir and spray gun, it has further been suggested to incorporate security clips into the complimentary connection format as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,083,119, the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. While these and other connection formats have greatly improved the ease and confidence of removable connection between the reservoir and spray gun, opportunities for improvement remain. 
     The inventors of the present disclosure recognized that a need exists that overcomes one or more of the above-mentioned problems 
     Some aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward a spray gun reservoir connector system. The system includes a reservoir, a spray gun inlet, a first connector format and a second connector format. The reservoir includes a lid. The first connector format is provided with one of the lid and the spray gun inlet; the second connector format is provided with the other of the lid and the spray gun inlet. The first connector format includes a plurality of retention structures each defining a slot. The retention structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another. The second connector format includes a plurality of lock structures each including a stem and a button head configured to selectively interface with the slot of a respective one of the retention structures. The lock structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another. The connector formats are configured to provide robust engagement between the lock structures and corresponding ones of the retention structures upon rotation of the spray gun inlet relative to the lid. In some embodiments, the lid further includes a liquid outlet or spout, and the corresponding retention structures or lock structures are radially spaced outside of the spout. 
     The connector systems of the present disclosure facilitate simple and quick mounting (and removal) of a reservoir to a spray gun (either directly to the spray gun, or to an adaptor that in turn is mounted to the spray gun). The complementary connector formats are aligned then rotated relative to one another to achieve a locked, liquid sealed connection. 
     As used herein, the term “liquid” refers to all forms of flowable material that can be applied to a surface using a spray gun (whether or not they are intended to color the surface) including (without limitation) paints, primers, base coats, lacquers, varnishes and similar paint-like materials as well as other materials, such as adhesives, sealer, fillers, putties, powder coatings, blasting powders, abrasive slurries, mold release agents and foundry dressings which may be applied in atomized or non-atomized form depending on the properties and/or the intended application of the material and the term “liquid” is to be construed accordingly. 
     The present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, the following exemplary embodiments:
     1. A spray gun reservoir connector system comprising:
       a reservoir including a lid;   a spray gun inlet;   a first connector format provided with one of the lid and the spray gun inlet, the first connector format including a plurality of retention structures projecting from a base to define a plurality of slots, wherein the retention structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another; and   a second connector format provided with the other of the lid and the spray gun inlet, the second connector format including a plurality of lock structures each including a stem and a button head configured to selectively interface with the slot of a respective one of the retention structures, wherein the lock structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another;   wherein the connector formats are configured to provide engagement between the lock structures and corresponding ones of the retention structures upon rotation of the spray gun inlet relative to the lid.   
       2. The connector system of Embodiment 1, wherein the first connector format is provided with the lid and the second connector format is provided with the spray gun inlet.   3. The connector system of Embodiment 2, wherein the lid further includes a liquid outlet, and further wherein the retention structures are arranged about, and radially spaced from, the liquid outlet.   4. The connector system of Embodiment 1, wherein the second connector format is provided with the lid and the first connector format is provided with the spray gun inlet.   5. The connector system of Embodiment 4, wherein the lid further includes a liquid outlet, and further wherein the lock structures are arranged about, and radially spaced from, the liquid outlet.   6. The connector system of Embodiment 1, wherein the spray gun inlet is on an adaptor adapted to connect to a spray gun.   7. The connector system of Embodiment 6, wherein the adaptor further includes a tubular member and a connector feature configured for connection to a spray gun inlet port.   8. The connector system of Embodiment 6, wherein the first connection format is provided with the adaptor, and further wherein the retention bodies collectively form an S-like shape.   9. The connector system of any of Embodiments 1-8, wherein the spray gun inlet is integral with a spray gun.   10. The connector system of any of Embodiments 1-9, wherein the retention structures each include a retention body defining a foot segment and a leg segment.   11. The connector system of any of Embodiments 1-10, wherein the retention structures further include a groove along the corresponding retention body configured to engage a lip of a corresponding one of the button heads.   12. The connector system of Embodiment 11, wherein the button head defines an engagement surface configured to slidably abut a bearing surface formed along a corresponding one of the grooves.   13. The connector system of Embodiment 12, wherein the engagement surface is configured to provide a wedged interface with the bearing surface.   14. The connector system of any of Embodiments 1-13, wherein a profile of the button head defines an ellipse-like shape.   15. A spray gun reservoir connector system adapter comprising a first connector format comprising a plurality of retention structures projecting from a base to define a plurality of slots, wherein the retention structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another.   16. A spray gun reservoir connector system adapter comprising a second connector format comprising a plurality of lock structures each including a stem and a button head configured to selectively interface with the slot of a retention structure on a compatible first connector format, wherein the lock structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another.   17. A spray gun reservoir component comprising a first connector format comprising a plurality of retention structures projecting from a base to define a plurality of slots, wherein the retention structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another.   18. The spray gun reservoir component of Embodiment 17, wherein the component is a lid.   19. The spray gun reservoir component of Embodiment 17, wherein the component is a pot.   20. A spray gun reservoir component comprising a second connector format comprising a plurality of lock structures each including a stem and a button head configured to selectively interface with the slot of a retention structure on a compatible first connector format, wherein the lock structures are collectively arranged in a circular pattern and are circumferentially spaced from one another.   21. The spray gun reservoir component of Embodiment 20, wherein the component is a lid.   22. The spray gun reservoir component of Embodiment 20, wherein the component is a pot.   

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a simplified perspective view of a spray gun assembly including a spray gun and a reservoir; 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded view of a reservoir incorporating a connection format in accordance with principles of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a portion of a spray gun reservoir connector system in accordance with principles of the present disclosure and including complimentary connection formats; 
         FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of a lid portion of the reservoir of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 4B  is a front view of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 4C  is a side view of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 4D  is top view of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 4E  is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 5A  is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 5B  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 5C  is an enlarged side view of a portion of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of an adaptor useful with the connector systems of the present disclosure and including a connection format complementary with the connection format of the lid of  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 6B  is another perspective view of the adaptor of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIG. 6C  is a top view of the adaptor of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIG. 6D  is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the adaptor of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIGS. 7-10C  illustrate assembly of the connector system of  FIG. 3 , including coupling the lid of  FIG. 4A  with the adaptor of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIG. 11  is an exploded, perspective view of another spray gun reservoir connector system in accordance with principles of the present disclosure and incorporated into a reservoir lid and an adaptor; 
         FIG. 12  is an exploded, perspective view of another spray gun reservoir connector system in accordance with principles of the present disclosure and incorporated into a reservoir lid and an adaptor; 
         FIG. 13A  is a perspective view of the lid of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 13B  is a side view of the lid of  FIG. 13A ; 
         FIG. 13C  is a front view of the lid of  FIG. 13A ; 
         FIG. 13D  is a top view of the lid of  FIG. 13A ; 
         FIG. 13E  is an enlarged view of a portion of the lid of  FIG. 13A ; 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  are perspective views of the adaptor of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14C  is a cross-sectional view of the adaptor of  FIG. 14A ; and 
         FIG. 15  is an exploded perspective view of a modular lid assembly incorporating a connection format in accordance with principles of the present disclosure 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward connection systems that facilitate releasable, sealed connection between a spray gun and reservoir. By way of background,  FIG. 1  depicts a spray gun paint system  20  including a spray gun  30  of a gravity-feed type and a reservoir  32 . The gun  30  includes a body  40 , a handle  42 , and a spray nozzle  44  at a front end of the body  40 . The gun  30  is manually operated by a trigger  46  that is pivotally mounted on the sides of the body  40 . An inlet port  48  (reference generally) is formed in or carried by the body  40 , and is configured to establish a fluid connection between an interior spray conduit (hidden) of the spray gun  30  and the reservoir  32 . The reservoir  32  contains liquid (e.g., paint) to be sprayed, and is connected to the inlet port  48  (it being understood that the connection implicated by the drawing of  FIG. 1  does not necessarily reflect the connections of the present disclosure). In use, the spray gun  30  is connected via a connector  49  at a lower end of the handle  42  to a source of compressed air (not shown). Compressed air is delivered through the gun  30  when the user pulls on the trigger  46  and paint is delivered under gravity from the reservoir  32  through the spray gun  30  to the nozzle  44 . As a result, the paint (or other liquid) is atomized on leaving the nozzle  44  to form a spray with the compressed air leaving the nozzle  44 . 
     For ease of illustration, connection formats of the present disclosure between the spray gun  30  and the reservoir  32  are not included with the drawing of  FIG. 1 . In general terms, the reservoir  32  includes one or more components establishing a first connection format for connection to the spray gun  30 . A complementary, second connection format is included with an adaptor (not shown) assembled between the reservoir  32  and the inlet port  48 , or with the spray gun  30 . With this background in mind,  FIG. 2  illustrates one non-limiting example of a reservoir  50  in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. The reservoir  50  includes an outer container  52  and a lid  54 . The lid  54  includes or provides a first connection format or feature  56  (referenced generally) described in greater detail below. Remaining components of the reservoir  50  can assume various forms and are optional. For example, in some embodiments the reservoir  50  further includes a liner  58  and a collar  60 . In general terms, the liner  58  corresponds in shape to (and is a close fit in) the interior of the container  52  and can have a narrow rim  62  at the open end which sits on the top edge of the container  52 . The lid  54  is configured to push-fit in the open end of the liner  58  to locate the peripheral edge of the lid  54  over the rim  62  of the liner  58 . The lid/liner assembly is secured in place by the annular collar  60  that releasably engages the container  52  (e.g., threaded interface as shown, snap fit, etc.). 
     In addition to the connection format  56 , the lid  54  forms a liquid outlet  64  (referenced generally) through which liquid contained by the liner  58  can flow. In use, the liner  58  collapses in an axial direction toward the lid  54  as paint is withdrawn from the reservoir  50 . An optional vent hole  66  in the base of the outer container  52  allows air to enter as the liner  58  collapses. On completion of spraying, the reservoir  50  can be detached from the spray gun  30  ( FIG. 1 ), the collar  60  released and the lid/liner assembly removed from the outer container  52  in one piece. The outer container  52  and the collar  60  are left clean and ready for re-use with a fresh liner  58  and lid  54 . In this way, excessive cleaning of the reservoir  50  can be avoided. 
     In other embodiments, the reservoirs of the present disclosure need not include the liner  58  and/or the collar  60 . The connection formats of the present disclosure can be implemented with a plethora of other reservoir configurations that may or may not be directly implicated by the figures. 
     As mentioned above, the first connection format  56  provided with the lid  54  is configured to releasably connect with a complementary second connection format provided with a spray gun inlet or apparatus. As point of reference,  FIG. 3  illustrates the lid  54  along with a portion of a spray gun inlet  70  that otherwise carries or provides a second complementary connection format  72  (referenced generally). The spray gun inlet  70  can be an adaptor, an integral portion of the spray gun  30  ( FIG. 1 ), etc. Regardless, the first and second connection formats  56 ,  72  are configured in tandem, promoting a releasable, liquid-tight sealed mounting or connection between the lid  54  and the spray gun inlet  70 . In some embodiments, the first and second complementary connection formats  56 ,  72  can be viewed as collectively defining a spray gun reservoir connector system  74  in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. 
     The first connection format  56  is now described with reference to  FIGS. 4A-4E  that otherwise illustrate the lid  54  in isolation. A shape of the lid  54  can be viewed as defining a longitudinal axis A. In addition to the first connection format  56  and the fluid outlet  64 , the lid  54  includes or defines a wall  80 , a flange  82 , and a hub  84 . The wall  80  defines opposing, inner and outer faces  86 ,  88 , with at least the outer face  88  of the wall  80  having the curved (e.g., hemispherical) shape implicated by the drawings. Finally, the wall  80  defines a central opening  90  (best seen in  FIG. 4E ) that is co-axial with the longitudinal axis A. The flange  82  projects radially outwardly from a perimeter of the wall  80  opposite the central opening  90 , and is configured to interface with one or more other components of the reservoir  50  ( FIG. 2 ), for example the outer container  52  ( FIG. 2 ). The hub  84  projects longitudinally (relative to the longitudinal axis A) from the flange  82  in a direction opposite the wall  80 , and can is configured to interface with one or more other components of the reservoir  50 , for example the liner  58  ( FIG. 2 ). The wall  80 , flange  82 , and the hub  84  can assume a wide variety of other forms. Further, in other embodiments, one or both of the flange  82  and the hub  84  can be omitted. 
     The liquid outlet  64  includes a spout  100 . The spout  100  is co-axial with the longitudinal axis A, projecting upwardly (relative to the orientation of  FIG. 4A ) from the wall  80  and terminating at a leading surface  102 . The spout  100  defines a passage  104  (best seen in  FIG. 4E ) that is aligned with, and open to, the central opening  90 . With this construction, liquid flow through the fluid outlet  64  (e.g., from a location within the confines of the inner face  86  of the wall  80  to a location external the spout  100 ) readily occurs through the central opening  90  and the passage  104 . 
     In some embodiments, the fluid outlet  64  includes one or more additional features that can optionally be considered components of the first connection format  56 . For example, one or more annular ribs  106  can be formed along an exterior of the spout  100  proximate the leading surface  102  and configured to form an annular seal with the spray gun inlet  70  ( FIG. 3 ) upon assembly to the lid  54 . Liquid tight seal(s) between the lid  54  and the spray gun inlet  70  can alternatively be promoted with a variety of other constructions that may or may not include the annular rib(s)  106 . 
     The first connection format  56  includes a platform  110  and a plurality of lock structures  112 . The platform  110  is formed on, or represents a deviation in a shape of, the outer face  88  of the wall  80  at a location external the spout  100 . The lock structures  112  project from the platform  110 , and are configured to facilitate selective connection or mounting with the second complementary connection format  72  ( FIG. 3 ) as described below. 
     The platform  110  is formed by or extends from the outer face  88  and terminates at a contact surface  120 . The contact surface  120  is configured to provide a sliding interface with the spray gun inlet (not shown), and can have a shape differing from the optional curved shape of the wall  80 . In some embodiments, the contact surface  120  is substantially flat or planar (i.e., within 5% of a truly flat or planar shape) in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A. The contact surface  120  circumferentially surrounds the spout  100 , extending to a diameter (or other dimension) greater than an outer diameter of the spout  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the lock structures  112  can be identical and are each radially spaced from the spout  100 . Each of the lock structures  112  defines opposing, first and second ends  124 ,  126 , and includes a stem  130  and a button head  132 . The stem  130  projects upwardly from the contact surface  120 . The button head  132  extends from the stem  130  opposite the contact surface  120 . The stem  130  and the button head  132  optionally incorporate one or more geometry features described below. In more general terms, a cross-sectional size of the button head  132  in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A is greater than that of the stem  130 , such that the stem  130  and button head  132  combine to form a mushroom-like shape. 
     With reference to the enlarged view of  FIG. 5A , each of the stems  130  defines an inner surface  140  and an outer surface  142 . The inner surface  140  generally faces the spout  100 , and the outer surface  142  is opposite the inner surface  140 . While a shape of the inner and outer surfaces  140 ,  142  can be relatively uniform in the longitudinal direction, in some embodiments, one or both of the inner and outer surfaces  140 ,  142  can be curved in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A. For example,  FIG. 5B  is an enlarged cross-sectional view in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A and passing through the stem  130  of each of the lock structures  112 . The inner surface  140  is non-linear or curved in extension between the first and second ends  124 ,  126 . In some embodiments, the inner surface  140  can define a convex curvature in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A (e.g., the plane of  FIG. 5B ). Other shapes are also envisioned, and can be linear (or planar), curved, curvilinear, complex, etc. The outer surface  142  can also define a curve or curvature, such as a convex curve, between the first and second ends  124 ,  126  in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A (e.g., the plane of  FIG. 5B ). With the non-limiting example of  FIG. 5B , the stem  130  can have an ellipse-like shape in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, but a radius of curvature of the outer surface  142  is greater than that of the inner surface  140 . In other embodiments, the outer surface  142  can be substantially linear or planar between the first and second ends  124 ,  126 . 
     Returning to  FIGS. 4A-4E , the button head  132  can generally mimic the geometry shapes described above with respect to the stem  130  at least relative to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. For example, and with reference to  FIGS. 4D and 5A , the button head  132  defines an interior surface  150  and an exterior surface  152 . The interior surface  150  generally faces the spout  100 , and the exterior surface  152  is opposite the interior surface  150 . The interior surface  150  can define a curve, such as a convex curve, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A, between the first and second ends  124 ,  126  that is akin to the curvature or shape generated by the inner surface  140  of the stem  130  as described above. The exterior surface  152  can similarly form a curvature in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A between the first and second ends  124 ,  126  that is akin to the curvature or shape generated by outer surface  142  of the stem  130  as described above. 
     While a shape of the button head  132  can generally correspond with a shape of the stem  130  in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A, a footprint or size of the button head  132  is greater than that of the stem  130 . Thus, the button head  132  projects radially outwardly relative to the stem  130  and generates a lip  160  defining an engagement surface  162 . As shown in  FIGS. 4E and 5A , the lip  160  projects beyond a shape of the stem  130  in all directions in some embodiments (e.g., the engagement surface  162  is established relative to both the inner and outer surfaces  140 ,  142  of the stem  130 . A button height H B  is established as the linear distance or spacing between the engagement surface  162  and the contact surface  120 . The engagement surface  162  can optionally incorporate a varying geometry between the first and second ends  124 ,  126  ( FIG. 4D ). For example, and with reference to  FIG. 5C , in some embodiments, a shape of the engagement surface  162  in a plane parallel with the longitudinal axis A establishes a ramp region  164  and a trailing region  166 . The ramp region  164  extends from the first end  124  to the trailing region  166 , tapering slightly toward the contact surface  120 . The ramp region  164  defines a plane that is oblique or non-parallel relative to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A (e.g., relative to the orientation of  FIG. 5C , a plane of the ramp region  164  is oblique or non-parallel relative to horizontal). The trailing region  166  extends from the ramp region  164  to the second end  126 , and can establish a plane that is parallel to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A (e.g., relative to the orientation of  FIG. 5C , a plane of the trailing region  166  is horizontal or nearly horizontal). With this construction, the button height H B  at the first end  124  is larger than the button height H B  along the trailing region  166  for reasons made clear below. Other shapes or geometries for the engagement surface  162  are also acceptable, and may or may not include the tapered or ramp-like features described above. 
     Returning to  FIGS. 4A-4E , the lock structures  112  are arranged in a circular pattern about (but radially spaced from) the spout  100 . As best identified in  FIG. 4D , the lock structures  112  are arranged such that the optional tapering shape of the engagement surface  162  ( FIG. 4E ) of lock retention structure  112  is in the same rotational direction relative to the longitudinal axis A. For example, relative to the orientation of  FIG. 4D , the engagement surface  162  of each of the lock structures  112  tapers in the counterclockwise direction (e.g., the first end  124  is rotationally “ahead” of the corresponding second end  126  in the counterclockwise direction). 
     While  FIGS. 4A-4E  illustrate the first connection format  56  as including two of the lock structures  112 , in other embodiments three or more of the lock structures  112  are provided. A circumferential spacing is established between circumferentially adjacent ones of the lock structures  112  along the circular pattern, and in some embodiments the lock structures  112  are optionally equidistantly spaced about the spout  100 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 3 , the second connection format  72  is configured to selectively mate with features of the first connection format  56 . In some embodiments, the second connection format  72  is provided as part of an adaptor, such as an adaptor  180  shown in  FIGS. 6A-6D . In addition to the second connection format  72  (referenced generally in  FIG. 6A ), the adaptor  180  includes a tubular member  190 . Details on the various components are provided below. In general terms, a shape of the adaptor  180  defines a central axis X. The tubular member  190  can include or provide features akin to conventional spray gun reservoir connection adaptors, such as for establishing connection to an inlet port of the spray gun. A base  192  of the second connection format  72  projects from the tubular member  190  and carries or defines other portions of the second connection format  72 , and promotes mounting of the adaptor  180  to the lid  54  ( FIG. 4A ). 
     The tubular member  190  can assume various forms, and defines a central passageway  200  (best shown in  FIG. 6D ). The passageway  200  is open at a leading end  202  of the tubular member  190 . The tubular member  190  forms or provides mounting features that facilitate assembly to a conventional spray gun inlet port. For example, exterior threads  204  can be provided along the tubular member  190  adjacent the leading end  202 , configured to threadably interface with threads provided by the spray gun inlet port. In this regard, a pitch, profile and spacing of the exterior threads  204  can be selected in accordance with the specific thread pattern in the make/model of the spray gun with which the adaptor  180  is intended for use. Other spray gun mounting features are equally acceptable that may or may not include the exterior threads  202 . The tubular member  190  can optionally further include or define a grasping section  206 . The grasping section  206  is configured to facilitate user manipulation of the adaptor  180  with a conventional tool, and in some embodiments includes or defines a hexagonal surface pattern adapted to be readily engaged by a wrench. In other embodiments, the grasping section  206  can be omitted. 
     The base  192  extends from the tubular member  190  opposite the leading end  202 , and terminates at a trailing end  210 . The passageway  200  continues through the base  192 , and is open at the trailing end  210 . A diameter of the passageway  200  at the trailing end  210  corresponds with a diameter of the spout  100  ( FIG. 4A ), and is selected such that the trailing end  210  can slidably receive the spout  100  of the lid  54 . The base  192  can have a generally cylindrical or ring-like shape, with various features optionally incorporated into an exterior face  212  as described below and that can be considered components of the second connection format  72 . 
     The second connection format  72  includes a plurality of retention structures  230 . The retention structures  230  project outwardly from the exterior face  212  and are sized and shaped to selectively engage with corresponding ones of the lock structures  112  ( FIG. 4A ) as described below. 
     In some embodiments, the retention structures  230  are identical, and each includes a retention body  232  continuously extending from the base  192  in a curved fashion defining a foot segment  234  and a leg segment  236 . Projection of the foot segment  234  from the base  192  includes a component in a radially outward direction, and establishes a curvature differing from a curvature of the exterior face  212  of the base  192 . The leg segment  236  extends from the foot segment  234  opposite the base  192 , and terminates at a free end  238 . The leg segment  236  is thus spaced from the base  192  in the radial direction, generating a slot  240  between the leg segment  236  and the base  192 . The slot  240  is open at the free end  238  and is closed at the foot segment  234 . Extension of the leg segment  236  generates a curvature that, in some embodiments, approximates a curvature of the exterior face  212  of the base  192  such that the slot  240  has a helical-like shape and a substantially uniform width from the free end  238  to the foot segment  234 . As best illustrated by  FIG. 6C , the leg segments  236  project from the corresponding foot segment  234  in the same rotational direction relative to, or about, the central axis X. For example, relative to the orientation of  FIG. 6C , each of the leg segments  236  extend from the corresponding foot segment  234  in a clockwise direction (e.g., the free end  238  is rotationally “ahead” of the corresponding second foot segment  234  in the clockwise direction). With embodiments in which two of the retention structures  230  are provided, the adapter  180  can have the S-like shape conveyed by view of  FIG. 6C . 
     With specific reference to  FIG. 6D , the retention body  232  defines an internal face  250 , an external face  252 , and opposing first and second guide faces  254 ,  256 . The slot  240  is defined between the internal face  250  of the retention body  232  (along the leg segment  236 ) and the exterior face  212  of the base  192 . The first guide face  254  can be flush or co-planar with a plane of the trailing end  210  of the base  192  in some embodiments. A groove  260  is optionally defined in the retention body  232  at a region of intersection of the internal face  250  and the second guide face  256 . A bearing face  262  is defined by the groove  260 . The groove  260  can extend continuously along the retention body  232 , and further continues to base  192 . That is to say, and as shown in  FIG. 4D , the groove  260  is also defined in the exterior face  212  of the base  192 . A size and shape of the groove  260 , as well as a longitudinal location of the groove  260  relative to the first guide face  254  corresponds with geometry features of the first connection format  56  ( FIG. 4A ) as made clear below. In other embodiments, the groove  260  can be omitted. 
     While  FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate the second connection format  72  as including two of the retention structures  230 , in other embodiments three or more of the retention structures  230  are provided, with the number of retention structures  230  optionally matching the number of lock structures  112  ( FIG. 4A ) provided with the complementary first connection format  56  ( FIG. 4A ). Similarly, a spacing between circumferentially adjacent ones of the retention structures  230  mimics the circumferential spacing between the lock structures  112  (e.g., the retention structures  230  are optionally equidistantly spaced about the base  192  in some embodiments). 
     With reference to  FIG. 7 , engagement between the first and second connection formats  56 ,  72  (and thus between the lid  54  and the adaptor  180 ) initially entails aligning the adaptor  180  with the fluid outlet  64 . The lid  54  and adaptor  180  are spatially arranged such that the trailing end  210  of the adaptor  180  faces the contact surface  120  of the lid  54 , and the retention structures  230  are rotationally off-set from the lock structures  112 . The lid  54  and adaptor  180  are then directed toward one another, bringing the first guide face  254  ( FIG. 6D ) of the adaptor  180  into contact with contact surface  120  of the lid  54  as shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B . The base  192  is located over the spout  100  (hidden in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , but shown, for example, in  FIG. 7 ), and the central axis X of the adaptor  180  is aligned with the longitudinal axis A of the lid  54 . An outer diameter of the base  192  is less than a diameter collectively generated by the interior surface  150  of the button head  132  of the lock structures  112 , allowing the base  192  to nest over the spout  100  “inside” of the lock structures  112 . In the initial state of  FIGS. 8A and 8B , the retention structures  230  are rotationally spaced from the lock structures  112 . However, due to corresponding geometries of the lid  54  and the adaptor  180 , engagement between the contact surface  120  and the first guide face  254  ( FIG. 6D ) circumferentially aligns the lock structures  112  with the retention structures  230  (e.g.,  FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate the slot  240  of the first retention structure  230   a  being circumferentially aligned with the first lock structure  112   a ). 
     The adaptor  180  is then rotated relative to the lid  54  (and/or vice-versa) about the common axes A, X, in a direction that moves the free end  238  of each of the retention structures  230  toward the first end  124  of a corresponding one of the lock structures  112 . For example, relative to the orientation of  FIG. 8B , the adaptor  180  is rotated clockwise relative to the lid  54 . With this rotation, the slot  240  of each of the retention structures  230  is directed to receive a corresponding one of the lock structures  112 .  FIGS. 9A and 9B  illustrate initial interface between corresponding pairs of the lock structures  112  and the retention structures  230 . A diameter collectively defined by the leg segments  236  approximates a diameter collectively defined by the stems  130  such that the slots  240  are radially positioned to interface with or receive a corresponding one of the lock structures  112 . As the retention structure  230  approaches the corresponding lock structure  112 , the stem  130  enters the free end of the slot  240 . Further, the button head  132  interfaces with surfaces of one or both of the leg segment  236  and the base  192 . 
     In particular, and with specific reference to  FIG. 9C , the adaptor  180  is flush against the contact surface  120  of the platform  110 , dictating that a longitudinal location of the engagement surface  162  (referenced generally) of the button head  132  relative to the groove  260  (and thus the bearing face  262 ) is fixed (via a corresponding geometries of the lid  54  and the adaptor  180 ). In other words, the button height H B  ( FIG. 4A ) intersects with a vertical location of the groove  260 . The button head  132  is slideably received within the groove  260  along both the leg segment  236  and the base  192 . Though not directly visible in  FIG. 9C , it will be recalled that in some embodiments, the engagement surface  162  has a tapered or wedge shape in extension from the first end  124 . The lip  160  of the lock structure  112  is readily received by the groove  260  as the first end  124  of the lock structure  112  “enters” the slot  240 . This relationship is further reflected by the partial cross-sectional view of  FIG. 9D .  FIG. 9D  also better clarifies a relationship between the engagement surface  162  and the groove  260  (referenced generally) as the button head  132  initially enters the slot  240  (referenced generally). As shown, at this point of the coupling process, the engagement surface  162  freely nests within the groove  260  and does not contact the bearing face  262 . Returning to  FIG. 9C , due to corresponding or matched curvatures and radiuses of the interior surface  150  of the button head  132  and the exterior face  212  of the base  192 , as well as the exterior surface  152  of the button head  132  and the internal face  250  along the leg segment  236 , the adaptor  180  can continue to be rotated relative to the lid  54  (and vice-versa). As the lock structure  112  is further progressed or advanced into the slot  240 , the engagement surface  162  will being to overtly contact or slidingly abut the bearing face  262  of the groove  260  at both the base  192  and the leg segment  236 . A wedge-like coupling or engagement is established between the lock structure  112  and the retention structure  230  due to tapering shape of the engagement surface  162 . The angle or plane of sliding engagement (with rotation of the lid  54  and the adaptor  180  relative to one another) between the engagement face  162  and the base  192  and leg segment  236  directs the adaptor  180  into more robust engagement with the lid  54 , forcing the base  192  and the leg segment  236  toward the contact surface  120  of the lid  54 . 
     With continued rotation of the adaptor  180  relative to the lid  54  (and/or vice-versa), the button head  132  of each lock structure  112  will become frictionally and mechanically retained within the slot  240  of a respective one of the retention structures  230 .  FIGS. 10A and 10B  illustrate a locked state of the adaptor  180  and the lid  54 . Each one of the lock structures  112  is fully nested within a corresponding one of the slots  240 . The foot segment  234  prevents the lock structures  112  from passing entirely through or beyond the corresponding slot  240  and thus prevent over-rotation of the adaptor  180 . The cross-sectional view of  FIG. 10C  further illustrates that in the locked state, the engagement surface  162  of the button head  132  robustly contacts or engages the bearing face  262  at both the base  192  and the leg segment  236 , and the first guide face  254  of the leg segment  236  is held tightly against the contact surface  120 . In some embodiments, interference is created by interaction of the locking faces and retention structures such that the components “bite” into one another to provide increased friction and retention. 
     Following use, the adaptor  180  can be released from the lid  54  by rotating the adaptor  180  relative to the lid  54  in an opposite direction (e.g., counterclockwise) to withdraw the lock structures  112  from the corresponding retention structures  230 . A reversed camming-type interface between the lock structures  112  and the retention structures  230  can occur with rotation of the adaptor  180  (i.e., an interface in reverse of the above descriptions) in some embodiments, serving to assist in releasing any seal between the adaptor  180  and the lid  54 . Once disengaged, the adaptor  180  can be separated from the lid  54 . 
     As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the lid  54  and the adaptor  180  can be formed of different materials. For example, the lid  54  can be a plastic component (e.g., molded plastic), and the adaptor  180  can be metal (e.g., stainless steel). With these optional constructions, following a spraying operation the adaptor  180  can easily be cleaned and re-used, and the lid  54  can be viewed as a disposable item. 
     Returning to  FIG. 3 , while the above descriptions have provided the complementary second connection format  72  as part of the adaptor  180  ( FIG. 5A ), other configurations are also acceptable. For example, the second connection format  72  can be permanently assembled to or provided as an integral part of a spray gun (e.g., the second connection format  72  as described above can be provided as or at the inlet port  48  ( FIG. 1 ) of the spray gun  30  ( FIG. 1 )). That is to say, the spray gun reservoir connector systems of the present disclosure do not require an adaptor. 
     In addition, the location of the first and second connection formats  56 ,  72  can be reversed. In other embodiments, then, the second connection format  72  can be formed or provided with the lid  54 , and the first connection format  56  can be formed or provided with the spray gun inlet  70  (e.g., adaptor, spray gun inlet port, etc.). For example,  FIG. 11  illustrates portions of an alternative spray gun reservoir connector system  300  including complementary first and second connection formats  302 ,  304  (referenced generally). The first connection format  302  is provided as part of a lid  310 ; the second connection format  304  is provided as part of a spray gun inlet, such as an adaptor  312  as shown. The first connection format  302  can assume any of the forms described above with respect to the second connection format  72  (e.g.,  FIG. 6A ), and includes the base  192  and the plurality of the retention structure structures  230  projecting from the base  192  to form the slots  240 . The second connection format  304  can assume any of the forms described above with respect to the first connection format  56  (e.g.,  FIG. 4A ), and includes the lock structures  112  projecting from the contact surface  120  and defining the stem  130  and the button head  132 . The connection formats  302 ,  304  interface with each other as described above. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates portions of an alternative spray gun reservoir connector system  400  including complementary first and second connection formats  402 ,  404  (referenced generally) in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. The first connection format  402  is provided as part of a lid  410 ; the second connection format  404  is provided as an integral part of a spray gun inlet, such as an adaptor  412  as shown. 
     The lid  410  is shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 13A-13E  and in many respects can be highly akin or identical to the lid  54  ( FIG. 4A ) described above. The lid  410  generally includes a wall  420  and a fluid outlet  422 . The fluid outlet  422  includes a spout  424  along with optional sealing features as described above. 
     The first connection format  402  (referenced generally in  FIG. 13A ) includes a platform  440  and a plurality of lock structures  442 . The lock structures  442  can be highly akin, and optionally identical, to the lock structures  112  ( FIG. 4A ) described above. The lock structures  442  can have any of the attributes or features described above with respect to the lock structures  112 , and are arranged in a circular pattern at about (and radially spaced from) the spout  424 . In general terms, each of the lock structures  442  includes a stem  444  and a button head  446 . The stem  444  and/or the button head  446  can have any of the geometries or shapes described above (e.g., an ellipse-like shape). The button head  446  projects radially beyond a shape of the corresponding stem  444  to define an engagement surface  448  commensurate with the explanations above. In some embodiments, the engagement surface  448  can include or define a ramp or tapering segment that tapering in height (relative to the platform  440 ) from a first end  452  of the lock structure  442  toward an opposing second end  454 . 
     The platform  440  is functionally akin to the platform  110  ( FIG. 4A ) described above, and defines a contact surface  460  from which the stems  444  project. In contrast to other embodiments discussed above, the platform  440  is configured such that the contact surface  460  has a varying shape about the spout  424 . In particular, a plurality of undercuts  462  are defined in the platform  440 . The contact surface  460  forms a discrete guide region  464  in extension between adjacent ones of the undercuts  462  about the spout  424 ; the number of undercuts  462  can correspond with the number of lock structures  442 , and the number of guide regions  464  corresponds with the number of undercuts  462 . As identified in  FIG. 13D , with the non-limiting example of  FIGS. 13A-13E , two undercuts (first and second undercuts  462   a,    462   b ) are formed, as are two of the guide regions (first and second guide regions  464   a,    464   b ), although any other number is equally acceptable. 
     At least a portion of each of the guide regions  464  forms a partial helical shape, transitioning longitudinally as the contact surface  460  revolves about the spout  424 . For example, each of the guide regions  464  can include a lead-in section  466  and a ramp section  468 . The lead-in section  466  initiates “upstream” of the first end  452  of the corresponding lock structure  442 . A plane of the lead-in section  466  is substantially perpendicular to a central axis of the lid  410 . The ramp section  468  tapers longitudinally downward (relative to the upright orientation of the views) from the lead-in section  466 . Relative to an upright orientation of the views, the lead-in section  466  is longitudinally or vertically “above” the ramp section  468 . In other embodiments, the contact surface  460  can define a continuous downward or longitudinal taper between the corresponding undercuts  462 . As highlighted by the enlarged view of  FIG. 13E , in some embodiments a transition of the contact surface  460  from the lead-in section  466  to the ramp section  468  corresponds with a transition in the tapering shape of the engagement surface  448  of the button head  446 . Finally, and as shown in  FIG. 13A , a shoulder  470  is defined at each of the undercuts  462  for reasons made clear below. 
     Returning to  FIG. 12 , the adaptor  412  can be highly akin to the adaptor  180  ( FIG. 6A ) described above, and generally includes a tubular member  480 . The tubular member  480  can include any of the features described above with respect to the tubular member  190  ( FIG. 6A ). The second connection format  404  includes a base  500  and a plurality of retention structure structures  502 . The base  500  projects from the tubular member  480 , and carries the retention structures  502 . The retention structures  502 , in turn, are configured to selectively interface with corresponding ones of the lock structures  442  as described below 
     As reflected by the illustration of  FIG. 14A , the retention structures  502  can be highly akin, and optionally identical, to the retention structures  230  ( FIG. 6A ) described above. The retention structures  502  can have any of the attributes or features described above with respect to the retention structures  230 , and are arranged in a circular pattern at about (and extend from) the base  500 . In general terms and commensurate with the detailed discussions above, each retention structure  502  includes a foot segment  510  and an arm segment  512  in extension from an exterior surface  514  of the base  500 . A slot  516  is defined between the arm segment  512  and the base  500 . A groove  518  extends along the arm segment  512  and the exterior surface  514 , and generates a bearing surface  520 . Finally, the retention structures  502  each define a guide face  522  (referenced generally in  FIG. 14A ). 
     The base  500  is highly akin to the base  192  ( FIG. 6A ) described above, and reference is made to previous descriptions for a more detailed explanation. The base  500  forms a trailing face  530  that establishes a geometry corresponding with a shape of the contact surface  460  ( FIG. 13A ) as described above. A plurality of undercuts  532  are formed along the trailing face  530 . Further, and as best shown in  FIG. 14B , the trailing face  530  generates a track section  534  and a flat section  536  circumferentially between adjacent ones of the undercuts  532 . The track section  534  projects longitudinally outwardly in extension from the corresponding flat section  536  akin to a partial helix, and terminates at a tab  538 . The flat section  536  can be substantially planar or flat, and is can be co-planar or aligned with the guide face  522 .  FIG. 14C  illustrates that in some embodiments, the track section  534  projects longitudinally beyond the guide face  522 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 12 , coupling of the lid  410  and the adaptor  412  is commensurate with previous explanations. First, the base  500  is aligned with the spout  424 , and the adaptor  412  is rotationally arranged such that the retention structures  502  are rotationally off-set from the lock structures  442 . The adaptor  412  is then directed on to the lid  410  (and/or vice-versa), with the spout  424  nesting within the base  500 . With reference between  FIGS. 13A, 14A, and 14B , the trailing face  530  of the base  500  is in sliding contact with the contact surface  460 , including each of the track sections  534  of the trailing face  530  in contact with a corresponding one of the lead-in sections  466  of the contact surface  460 . As the adaptor  412  is then rotated relative to the lid  410  (and/or vice-versa), the trailing face  530  rides along the contact surface  460 , with an interaction at the lead-in section  466  and the ramp section  468  brining the retention structures  502  into alignment with respective ones of the lock structures  442 . Once aligned, the lock structures  442  and retention structures  502  interface with one another as described above to engage or lock the adaptor  412  relative to the lid  410 . 
     While the above descriptions have provided the complementary second connection format  404  (referenced generally in  FIG. 12 ) as part of the adaptor  412 , other configurations are also acceptable. For example, the second connection format  404  can be permanently assembled to or provided as an integral part of a spray gun (e.g., the second connection format  404  as described above can be provided as or at the inlet port  48  ( FIG. 1 ) of the spray gun  30  ( FIG. 1 )). In addition, the location of the first and second connection formats  402 ,  404  can be reversed. In other embodiments, then, the second connection format  404  can be formed or provided with the lid  410 , and the first connection format  402  can be formed or provided with a spray gun inlet (e.g., adaptor, spray gun inlet port, etc.). 
     Any of the complementary connection formats described in the present disclosure may be formed integrally with a remainder of the corresponding lid. Alternatively, these components may be initially formed as a separate, modular part or assembly comprising connection geometry to permit connection to a remainder of the lid. For example, a modular lid assembly  500  is shown in  FIG. 15  and includes a modular liquid outlet  502  and a modular lid base  504 . The modular components  502 ,  504  are separately formed and subsequently assembled. In general terms, the modular liquid outlet  502  includes a stage  510 , a liquid outlet  512  and components of a connection format  514  (referenced generally). The stage  510  is sized and shaped in accordance with a corresponding feature of the modular lid base  504  described below, and supports the liquid outlet  512  and the connection format  514 . The connection format  514  can assume any of the forms described above, and in the non-limiting example of  FIG. 15 , can be the first connection format  56  ( FIG. 4A ) as described above. Any other connection format described herein can alternatively be incorporated into the modular liquid outlet  502 . 
     The modular lid base  504  generally includes a wall  520  and a rim  522  projecting form the wall  520 . The wall  520  forms a central opening  524 , and is sized and shaped in accordance with a size and shape of the stage  510 . The central opening  524  can assume various shapes and sizes, but is generally configured such that an outer diameter of the opening  524  is greater than an inner diameter of the liquid outlet  512 , and less than an outer diameter of the stage  510 . 
     Assembly of the modular lid assembly  500  includes securing the stage  510  on to the wall  520 , with the central opening  524  being open to the liquid outlet  512 . The modular liquid outlet  502  is secured to the modular lid base  504  by way of welding and/or an adhesive or the like in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the adhesive joint and/or weld joint act to both retain and create a liquid-tight seal upon assembly of the modular liquid outlet  502  to the modular lid base  504 . Other attachment techniques are also acceptable, such as quarter turn locking, provision of mechanical locking mechanisms, threaded, snap fit, other mechanical fasteners (e.g., screws, rivets and/or molded posts that are cold formed/hot formed and mushroomed down to hold/retain the component(s) in place and provide a suitable leak-proof seal). 
     Constructing the lid  500  using a modular liquid outlet  502  and a modular lid base  504  can provide an advantage of allowing more complex geometries to be feasibly created than may otherwise be possible using, e.g., injection molding. For example, in a given lid  500 , it may be impossible to form a particular geometry in an injection molded part due to the locations of mold parting lies and the necessary trajectory of slides required to form certain features. However, if the lid  500  is split into modular components, tooling can be designed to directly access surfaces of each modular component that would not have been accessible on the one-piece lid. Thus, further geometric complexity can be achieved. 
     The modular lid components  502 ,  504  may also be constructed of different materials as desirable for the application. For example, it may be desirable to use an engineering plastic for the modular liquid outlet  502  (due the strength and tolerances required for a secure and durable connection to the spray gun), while lower cost polymers could be used for the modular lid base  504 . 
     In other embodiments, the modular liquid outlet  502  provided as above could alternatively be attached or preassembled to the end of a paint supply line or pouch etc. and in turn connected to the spray gun paint inlet port. In this way, paint could be supplied directly to the spray gun without the need for the modular lid base  504  (or other reservoir components) 
     The spray gun reservoir connector systems of the present disclosure provide a marked improvement over previous designs. 
     Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.