Patent Publication Number: US-10315671-B2

Title: Restricting member and railcar including restricting member

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a restricting member configured to restrict abnormal rising of an air spring in a railcar and a railcar including the restricting member. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Conventionally, in railcars, an air spring is used as a buffer device provided between a bogie provided with wheels and a carbody provided at an upper portion of the bogie. The air spring can expand or contract in an upward/downward direction by supplying or discharging compressed air to or from an air chamber formed inside the air spring. In the railcars, for example, performed is an automatic level controlling operation of adjusting the pressure of the air in the air spring such that the height of the railcar is maintained within a certain range by utilizing the expansion and contraction of the air spring. 
     However, the air spring may cause abnormal rising, that is, the internal pressure of the air spring may increase by, for example, a failure of an air system, and therefore, the air spring may expand by a predetermined amount or more. On this account, the carbody is provided with a restricting member configured to mechanically restrict the rising of the carbody when the abnormal rising of the air spring occurs. 
     One example of this type of conventional art is a height stopper configured such that: a fitting recess is provided at a lower end of a center pin attached to the carbody; a coupling portion provided at a height stopper member (restricting member) is fitted into the fitting recess; and the coupling portion is fixed to the fitting recess by a bolt (see PTL 1, for example). 
     Another example of this type of conventional art is that a separation preventing device (restricting member) constituting a height stopper is attached to a lower portion of a center pin by a bolt, the center pin extending downward from the carbody (see PTL 2, for example). 
     PATENT LITERATURES 
     PTL 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2005-138604 
     PTL 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2007-203917 
     According to the restricting member, when the abnormal rising of the carbody relative to the bogie occurs, the restricting member provided at the carbody is brought into contact with the bogie to restrict the abnormal rising of the carbody. Therefore, when separating the carbody and the bogie from each other, the restricting member needs to be detached from the carbody. 
     However, the restricting member is designed so as to be able to support a load generated when high-pressure air is directly supplied to the air spring by, for example, the failure of the air system. Therefore, the restricting member is configured as a member having rigidity capable of supporting a large load. Since the weight of the restricting member is several tens of kilograms, an operator or the like cannot easily attach or detach the restricting member to or from the carbody. In addition, the restricting member is typically provided at a width-direction middle portion of the carbody. Therefore, work of attaching or detaching the restricting member to or from the carbody is work of putting a car into a pit track and performing attaching or detaching from under a floor of the car by the operator or the like facing upward. On this account, the operator or the like needs to perform such work while supporting the weight of the restricting member from below, so that the operator or the like cannot easily attach or detach the restricting member to or from the carbody. Both PTL 1 and PTL 2 have these problems. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a restricting member configured to allow an operator or the like to easily perform work of attaching and detaching the restricting member to and from a carbody and a railcar including the restricting member. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To achieve the above object, a restricting member according to the present invention is a restricting member configured to restrict abnormal rising of a carbody when an air spring expands by a predetermined amount or more, the restricting member including: a base portion; a contact portion provided at the base portion and configured to be brought into contact with a lower surface of a bogie frame when the air spring expands by the predetermined amount or more; and a temporary fastening portion formed at the base portion, the temporary fastening portion being configured to be attachable to and detachable from a temporary fastened portion formed at a side surface of a center pin extending downward from the carbody. 
     According to this configuration, the temporary fastening portion formed at the base portion is temporarily fastened to the temporary fastened portion formed at the side surface of the center pin. With this, the restricting member can be temporarily fastened to the center pin. In a state where the weight of the restricting member is supported by the center pin, for example, the restricting member can be attached to the center pin by a bolt. Therefore, an operator or the like can easily attach the restricting member to the center pin provided at the carbody. Further, even when the bolt is removed from the restricting member from a state where the restricting member is attached to the center pin by the bolt, the temporary fastening portion formed at the base portion is being temporarily fastened to the temporary fastened portion formed at the side surface of the center pin extending downward from the carbody. Therefore, the operator or the like can easily attach or detach the restricting member to or from the center pin provided at the carbody. 
     According to the present invention, the operator or the like can perform work of attaching or detaching the restricting member from a state where the restricting member is temporarily fastened to the center pin. Therefore, the operator or the like can easily attach or detach the restricting member to or from the center pin provided at the carbody. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a carbody including a height stopper and a part of a bogie in a side view. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective front view showing a restricting member of the height stopper according to Embodiment 1 when viewed obliquely from above. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective rear view showing the restricting member of  FIG. 2  when viewed obliquely from above. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective front view showing the restricting member of  FIG. 2  when viewed obliquely from below. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view showing a center pin to which the restricting member of  FIG. 2  is attached. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing a state where the restricting member of  FIG. 2  is attached to a side surface of the center pin of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  is a central longitudinal sectional view showing a state where the restricting member according to Embodiment 1 shown in  FIG. 6  is attached to the center pin. 
         FIG. 8  is a central longitudinal sectional view showing a state where the restricting member according to Embodiment 2 is attached to the center pin. 
         FIG. 9  is a central longitudinal sectional view showing a state where the restricting member according to Embodiment 3 is attached to the center pin. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, embodiments will be explained based on the drawings. In the following explanation, a direction in which a railcar travels, that is, a length direction in which a carbody extends is defined as a car longitudinal direction, and a crosswise direction orthogonal to the car longitudinal direction is defined as a car width direction (It should be noted that the car longitudinal direction is also referred to as a forward/rearward direction, and the car width direction is also referred to as a leftward/rightward direction.). Further, in the following explanation and drawings, the same reference signs are used for the same components. 
       FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a bogie  1  including a height stopper  10  and a part of a carbody  5  in a side view.  FIG. 1  shows only a part of the bogie  1  and a part of the carbody  5  in a railcar  100 . The bogie  1  includes a bogie frame  4  and wheelsets  9 . The bogie frame  4  includes side sills  2  and a cross beam  3  coupling the side sills  2  to each other. The wheelsets  9  are provided at both respective car longitudinal direction sides of each of the side sills  2 . Each of the wheelsets  9  is constituted by an axle  111  extending in the car width direction and wheels  110  provided at both respective end portions of the axle  111 . Both end portions of the axle  111  are rotatably supported by respective bearings  112 , and the bearings  112  are accommodated in an axle box  113 . An axle box suspension  114  including a coil spring (axle spring) is interposed between the axle box  113  and each of both car longitudinal direction end portions of the side sill  2 . An axle beam  115  extends from the axle box  113  toward a middle side of the bogie  1 , and an end portion of the axle beam  115  is elastically coupled to the side sill  2  through a rubber bushing  116  and the like. Further, the carbody  5  includes a carbody frame  6  and a center pin  7  fixed so as to extend downward from the carbody frame  6 . A traction device for traction of the carbody  5  by the bogie  1  is provided at the center pin  7 . An air spring  8  as a secondary suspension is provided between the side sill  2  of the bogie frame  4  and the carbody frame  6  of the carbody  5 . 
     The height stopper  10  is provided at a lower portion of the center pin  7 . The height stopper  10  includes restricting members  11  each configured to restrict abnormal rising of the carbody  5  when the air spring  8  expands by a predetermined amount or more. The restricting members  11  are attached to respective left and right car width direction side surfaces of the center pin  7 . The restricting member  11  of the present embodiment is attached to the center pin  7  by fixing bolts  25  from the car width direction. As described below, the restricting member  11  is brought into contact with a lower surface of the bogie frame  4  (in  FIG. 1 , a near side of the center pin  7  is shown by two-dot chain lines) of the bogie  1  to stop the rising of the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ). 
     Embodiment 1 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective front view showing the restricting member  11  according to Embodiment 1 when viewed obliquely from above.  FIG. 3  is a perspective rear view showing the restricting member  11  when viewed obliquely from above. As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the restricting member  11  of the present embodiment includes a base portion  12  and a contact portion  16 . The contact portion  16  projects from the base portion  12  outward in the car width direction. When the air spring  8  expands by the predetermined amount or more, the contact portion  16  is brought into contact with the lower surface of the bogie frame  4  of the bogie  1  to restrict the abnormal rising of the carbody  5 . 
     The base portion  12  is formed in a flat plate shape. The base portion  12  includes bolt holes  13  for fixing the base portion  12  to the center pin  7  by the fixing bolts  25 . A resin member  17  is provided at a portion of the contact portion  16  so as to contact the bogie frame  4 . Engineering plastic such as polyacetal resin may be used as the resin member  17 . The resin member  17  is fixed to a metal member  18 . A plurality of metal plates  19  (shim members) for adjusting an interval between the bogie frame  4  and the resin member  17  are provided under the metal member  18 . The metal member  18  and the metal plates  19  are fixed to the contact portion  16  by bolts  20 . A reinforcing member  21  is obliquely provided between a lower surface of the contact portion  16  and an outer surface of the base portion  12 . 
     The base portion  12  includes temporary fastening portions  14  capable of temporarily fastening the base portion  12  to temporary fastened portions  32  ( FIG. 5 ) formed at a side surface  30  of the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ). The temporary fastening portions  14  of the present embodiment include respective locking portions  15  projecting from an upper portion of the base portion  12  in a direction opposite to the contact portion  16 . The locking portions  15  project from both respective left and right end portions of the base portion  12  in the direction opposite to the contact portion  16 . Tip ends of the locking portions  15  extend inward, and each of the tip ends is formed in a flat plate shape parallel to the base portion  12 . As described below, the locking portions  15  can be locked to respective grooves  33  that are the temporary fastened portions  32  formed at the side surface  30  ( FIG. 5 ) of the center pin  7 . 
     A load transfer portion  22  projecting in a direction opposite to a direction in which the contact portion  16  projects is formed at a surface (rear surface) of the base portion  12 , the rear surface being opposite to a surface at which the contact portion  16  is provided. The load transfer portion  22  of the present embodiment is formed in a rectangular block shape projecting from the base portion  12  by a predetermined height. In a side view, the load transfer portion  22  and the contact portion  16  are provided at respective positions symmetrical with respect to the base portion  12 . As described below, the load transfer portion  22  engages with a recess  34  ( FIG. 7 ) provided at the side surface  30  of the center pin  7 . The load transfer portion  22  causes the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ) to receive reaction force of a load F acting on the contact portion  16 . 
     By providing the load transfer portion  22 , the load acting on the contact portion  16  can be received by the recess  34  of the side surface  30  of the center pin  7  through the load transfer portion  22  of the base portion  12 . By the load transfer portion  22 , the load at the time of the abnormal rising can be prevented from acting as a shear force on the fixing bolts  25  for fixing the base portion  12  to the carbody  5 . 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective front view showing the restricting member  11  when viewed obliquely from below. The restricting member  11  of the present embodiment is provided with handle portions  23  which allow an operator or the like to lift the restricting member  11  from below. To allow the operator or the like to easily hold the restricting member  11 , the handle portions  23  that are members each having an oval cross section are provided at two respective positions that are away from each other in a crosswise direction. In the present embodiment, each of the handle portions  23  is obliquely provided so as to connect the lower surface of the contact portion  16  and an extending portion  12 A of the base portion  12 , the extending portion  12 A extending downward. 
     Projecting portions  12 B project from the extending portion  12 A toward both respective sides, and projecting portions  16 A project from the contact portion  16  toward both respective sides. Each of the handle portions  23  is fixed to the corresponding projecting portion  12 B and the corresponding projecting portion  16 A. As above, the handle portions  23  are attached to both sides of the extending portion  12 A and both sides of the contact portion  16 , the extending portion  12 A and the contact portion  16  being middle portions that receive the load at the time of the abnormal rising. 
     When the operator or the like attach or detach the restricting member  11  to or from the side surface of the center pin  7 , the operator or the like can perform such work while holding the handle portions  23 . Since the operator or the like holds the handle portions  23 , he/she can temporarily fasten the restricting member  11  to the center pin  7  while supporting the weight of the restricting member  11  from under a floor of the carbody. Therefore, the operator or the like can easily attach or detach the restricting member  11  to or from the side surface of the center pin  7 . 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view showing the center pin  7  to which the restricting member  11  is attached. The side surfaces  30  are formed at a lower end of the center pin  7 , and the restricting members  11  are attached to the respective side surfaces  30  so as to be line-symmetrical with respect to a center of the center pin  7 . The side surfaces  30  are formed apart from each other in the car width direction of the bogie  1 . Each of the side surfaces  30  includes a fixing surface  31  to which the base portion  12  of the restricting member  11  is fixed by the fixing bolts  25 . The fixing surface  31  is a contact surface with which the base portion  12  contacts. Bolt holes  35  in which the fixing bolts  25  are screwed are provided at two upper positions and two lower positions at the fixing surface  31 . 
     The temporary fastened portions  32  are formed at an upper portion of the side surface  30 , and the temporary fastening portions  14  of the restricting member  11  are temporarily fastened to the respective temporary fastened portions  32 . The temporary fastened portions  32  are the grooves  33  each of which is open only at an upper side and extends in a vertical direction. The locking portion  15  provided at the temporary fastening portion  14  is inserted into the groove  33  from above to be locked to the groove  33 . The recess  34  is formed at the fixing surface  31  (surface) of the side surface  30 , and the load transfer portion  22  formed at the rear surface of the base portion  12  engages with the recess  34 . 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing a state where the restricting member  11  is attached to the side surface  30  of the center pin  7 .  FIG. 7  is a central longitudinal sectional view showing a state where the restricting member  11  of  FIG. 6  is attached to the center pin  7 . As shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the height stopper  10  of Embodiment 1 is configured such that the restricting member  11  is attached to the center pin  7 . According to the restricting member  11 , when the operator or the like attaches the restricting member  11  to the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ), the locking portions  15  of the temporary fastening portions  14  of the base portion  12  are locked to the grooves  33  of the temporary fastened portions  32  of the side surface  30  of the center pin  7 . By locking the locking portions  15  to the grooves  33 , the restricting member  11  can be temporarily fastened to the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ). Therefore, the operator or the like can fix the restricting member  11  to the side surface of the center pin  7  from a state where the restricting member  11  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . 
     Specifically, when attaching the restricting member  11  to the center pin  7 , the operator or the like holds the left and right handle portions  23  with his/her hands and inserts the locking portions  15  of the base portion  12  into the grooves  33  that are the temporary fastened portions  32  of the side surface  30 . With this, the temporary fastening portions  14  are locked to the temporary fastened portions  32 . Therefore, even when the operator takes his/her hands off from the restricting member  11 , the weight of the restricting member  11  is supported by the center pin  7 . Thus, the restricting member  11  can be temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . On this account, the operator can fix the restricting member  11  to the center pin  7  by the fixing bolts  25  without supporting the restricting member  11 . 
     When the temporary fastening portions  14  of the restricting member  11  are locked to the respective temporary fastened portions  32  of the center pin  7 , the base portion  12  is located at a fixing position where the base portion  12  is fixed to the side surface  30  by the fixing bolts  25 . Therefore, the restricting member  11  can be fixed to the side surface  30  by the fixing bolts  25  from a state where the restricting member  11  is temporarily fastened to the side surface  30 . On this account, the operator or the like can easily fix the restricting member  11  to the center pin  7 . 
     Further, when the temporary fastening portions  14  are temporarily fastened to the temporary fastened portions  32 , the load transfer portion  22  provided at the rear surface of the base portion  12  contacts a lower end of the recess  34  provided at the surface of the side surface  30  ( FIG. 7 ). Therefore, the reaction force of the large load F applied from the bogie frame  4  to the contact portion  16  of the restricting member  11  at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring can be received by the recess  34  of the side surface  30  contacting the load transfer portion  22  of the base portion  12 . On this account, the load F at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring can be prevented from acting on the fixing bolts  25 . With this, the fixing bolts  25  are only required to have such strength that can maintain a fixed state of the restricting member  11  fixed to the center pin  7 . The fixing bolts  25  do not have to have such strength that can support the load at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring. 
     When detaching the restricting member  11  from the center pin  7 , the fixing bolts  25  are detached from the restricting member  11 . Even when the fixing bolts  25  are detached from the restricting member  11 , the temporary fastening portions  14  of the restricting member  11  are being temporarily fastened to the respective temporary fastened portions  32 . Therefore, the operator or the like does not have to support the restricting member  11 . The operator or the like holds the left and right handle portions  23  with his/her hands and pulls out the locking portions  15  of the temporary fastening portions  14  upward from the grooves  33  that are the temporary fastened portions  32 . With this, the restricting member  11  can be detached from the center pin  7 . Therefore, the operator or the like can easily detach the restricting member  11  from the center pin  7 . 
     On this account, according to the height stopper  10 , when the operator or the like attaches or detaches the restricting member  11  to or from the center pin  7  of the carbody  5 , the restricting member  11  can be temporarily fastened to the center pin  7  of the carbody  5  by the temporary fastening portions  14  formed at the base portion  12  of the restricting member  11 . Thus, the operator or the like can attach or detach the restricting member  11  to or from the center pin  7  from a state where the weight of the restricting member  11  is supported by the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ). Therefore, the operator or the like can easily attach or detach the restricting member  11  to or from the center pin  7 . 
     In the present embodiment, the load transfer portion  22  is provided at the rear surface of the base portion  12  and engages with the recess  34  provided at the surface (fixing surface  31 ) of the side surface  30 , and the load F at the time of the abnormal rising is supported. However, the configuration of the load transfer portion  22  is not limited to this. The load transfer portion  22  may not be provided at the rear surface of the base portion  12 , and the load F at the time of the abnormal rising may be supported by the locking portions  15  and the fixing bolts  25 . The configuration that supports the load F at the time of the abnormal rising is not limited to these examples. 
     Embodiment 2 
       FIG. 8  is a central longitudinal sectional view showing a height stopper  40  including a restricting member  41  according to Embodiment 2. In Embodiment 2, regarding components that are the same as the components of the restricting member  11  of the height stopper  10  of Embodiment 1, reference signs each obtained by adding “30” to the reference sign of the corresponding component of Embodiment 1 are used. In addition, regarding components that are the same as the components of the side surface  30  of Embodiment 1, reference signs each obtained by adding “30” to the reference sign of the corresponding component of Embodiment 1 are used. In  FIG. 8 , the handle portion  23  is not shown. 
     In the height stopper  40  including the restricting member  41  of Embodiment 2, a temporary fastening portion  44  of the restricting member  41  is provided at a rear surface of a base portion  42 . The temporary fastening portion  44  is configured as a shaft portion  45  extending in a horizontal direction toward a side surface  60 . Further, a hole portion  63  that is a temporary fastened portion  62  is formed at a middle portion of a fixing surface  61  of the side surface  60  so as to extend in the horizontal direction. The hole portion  63  is formed to have such a size that the shaft portion  45  can be inserted into the hole portion  63 . In Embodiment 2, the shaft portion  45  also serves as a load transfer portion  52 . 
     According to the restricting member  41  of Embodiment 2, by inserting the shaft portion  45  of the base portion  42  into the hole portion  63  of the side surface  60 , the weight of the restricting member  41  can be supported by the side surface  60  of the center pin  7 . Therefore, the restricting member  41  can be temporarily fastened to the center pin  7  by a simple configuration. 
     On this account, according to the restricting member  41 , when attaching the restricting member  41  to the center pin  7 , the shaft portion  45  that is the temporary fastening portion  44  provided at the base portion  42  of the restricting member  41  is inserted into the hole portion  63  provided at the side surface  60  of the center pin  7 . By inserting the shaft portion  45  into the hole portion  63 , the restricting member  41  can be temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . Therefore, the operator or the like can easily perform work of attaching the restricting member  41  to the center pin  7  by a fixing bolt  55  from a state where the weight of the restricting member  41  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ). On this account, the operator or the like can easily attach the restricting member  41  to the center pin  7 . 
     When detaching the restricting member  41  from the center pin  7 , the operator or the like removes the fixing bolt  55 . Even when the fixing bolt  55  is removed, the shaft portion  45  provided at the base portion  42  of the restricting member  41  is being inserted into the hole portion  63  of the side surface  60 . Therefore, it is possible to maintain a state where the weight of the restricting member  41  is supported by the center pin  7 , and the restricting member  41  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . Thus, the operator or the like can detach the restricting member  41  from the center pin  7  from a state where the restricting member  41  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . On this account, the operator or the like can easily detach the restricting member  41  from the center pin  7 . 
     Further, the reaction force of the large load F received by a contact portion  46  of the restricting member  41  at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring can be received by the hole portion  63  through the shaft portion  45  also serving as the load transfer portion  52 , the hole portion  63  being the temporary fastened portion  62  of the side surface  60 . In addition, when the temporary fastening portion  44  of the restricting member  41  is locked to the temporary fastened portion  62  of the side surface  60 , the base portion  42  is located at a fixing position where the base portion  42  is fixed to the side surface  60  by the fixing bolt  55 . Therefore, the load F at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring does not act on the fixing bolt  55 . With this, the fixing bolt  55  is only required to have such strength that can maintain the fixed state of the restricting member  41  fixed to the center pin  7 . The fixing bolt  55  does not have to have such strength that can support the load at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring. 
     Embodiment 3 
       FIG. 9  is a central longitudinal sectional view showing a height stopper  70  according to Embodiment 3. In Embodiment 3, regarding components that are the same as the components of the restricting member  41  of the height stopper  40  of Embodiment 2, reference signs each obtained by adding “30” to the reference sign of the corresponding component of Embodiment 2 are used. In addition, regarding components that are the same as the components of the side surface  60  of Embodiment 2, reference signs each obtained by adding “30” to the reference sign of the corresponding component of Embodiment 2 are used. In  FIG. 9 , the handle portion  23  is not shown. 
     In the height stopper  70  of Embodiment 3, a temporary fastening portion  74  of a restricting member  71  is provided at a rear surface of a base portion  72 . The temporary fastening portion  74  includes: a shaft portion  75 A projecting in the horizontal direction to a predetermined position inside the center pin  7 ; and a projecting portion  75 B projecting downward from one end of the shaft portion  75 A. Further, a temporary fastened portion  92  is provided at a middle portion of a fixing surface  91  of a side surface  90 . The temporary fastened portion  92  includes: a hole portion  93 A extending in the horizontal direction; and a hole portion  93 B spreading downward from a predetermined position of the hole portion  93 A. The hole portion  93 A is formed to have such a size that the temporary fastening portion  74  can be inserted into the hole portion  93 A. The hole portion  93 B is provided at a position where the projecting portion  75 B is locked. In Embodiment 3, the shaft portion  75 A also serves as a load transfer portion  82 . 
     Therefore, according to the height stopper  70 , when the operator or the like attaches the restricting member  71  to the center pin  7 , the shaft portion  75 A that is the temporary fastening portion  74  provided at the base portion  72  of the restricting member  71  is inserted into the hole portion  93 A that is the temporary fastened portion  92  provided at the side surface  90  of the center pin  7 . Then, the projecting portion  75 B projecting downward from the shaft portion  75 A is hooked to the hole portion  93 B spreading downward from the predetermined position of the hole portion  93 A. With this, the weight of the restricting member  71  is supported by the side surface  90  through the shaft portion  75 A. Then, in a state where the posture of the restricting member  71  is maintained by the projecting portion  75 B, the restricting member  71  can be temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . Therefore, in a state where the weight of the restricting member  71  is supported by the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ), and the restricting member  71  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7  (carbody  5 ), the operator or the like can easily perform the work of attaching the restricting member  71  to the center pin  7  by the fixing bolt  85 . On this account, the operator or the like can easily attach the restricting member  71  to the center pin  7 . 
     When detaching the restricting member  71  from the center pin  7 , the operator or the like removes the fixing bolt  85 . Even when the fixing bolt  85  is removed, the projecting portion  75 B of the shaft portion  75 A provided at the base portion  72  of the restricting member  71  is being hooked to the hole portion  93 B spreading downward from the predetermined position of the hole portion  93 A of the side surface  90 . Therefore, it is possible to maintain a state where the weight of the restricting member  71  is supported by the center pin  7 , and the restricting member  71  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . Thus, the operator or the like can detach the restricting member  71  from the center pin  7  from a state where the restricting member  71  is temporarily fastened to the center pin  7 . On this account, the operator or the like can easily detach the restricting member  71  from the center pin  7 . 
     Further, the reaction force of the large load F received by a contact portion  76  of the restricting member  71  at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring can be received by the hole portion  93 A through the shaft portion  75 A also serving as the load transfer portion  82 , the hole portion  93 A being the temporary fastened portion  92  of the side surface  90 . In addition, when the temporary fastening portion  74  of the restricting member  71  is locked to the temporary fastened portion  92  of the side surface  90 , the base portion  72  is located at a fixing position where the base portion  72  is fixed to the side surface  90  by the fixing bolt  85 . Therefore, the load F at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring does not act on the fixing bolt  85 . With this, the fixing bolt  85  is only required to have such strength that can maintain the fixed state of the restricting member  71 . The fixing bolt  85  does not have to have such strength that can support the load at the time of the abnormal rising of the air spring. 
     It should be noted that each of the temporary fastening portions  14 ,  44 , and  74  and the temporary fastened portions  32 ,  62 , and  92  in the above embodiments is just one example. The temporary fastening portions  14 ,  44 , and  74  and the temporary fastened portions  32 ,  62 , and  92  are only required to be configured such that when attaching or detaching the restricting member  11 ,  41 , or  71 , the weight of the restricting member  11 ,  41 , or  71  can be supported by the side surface  30 ,  60 , or  90  of the center pin  7 . The temporary fastening portions  14 ,  44 , and  74  and the temporary fastened portions  32 ,  62 , and  92  are not limited to the above embodiments. Further, for example, the handle portion  23  may also serve as the reinforcing member  21 . 
     As this invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit of essential characteristics thereof, the present embodiments are therefore illustrative and not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds thereof are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
         
           
               1  bogie 
               4  bogie frame 
               5  carbody 
               7  center pin 
               8  air spring 
               10  height stopper 
               11  restricting member 
               12  base portion 
               14  temporary fastening portion 
               15  locking portion 
               16  contact portion 
               22  load transfer portion 
               23  handle portion 
               30  side surface 
               32  temporary fastened portion 
               33  groove 
               34  recess 
               40  height stopper 
               41  restricting member 
               42  base portion 
               44  temporary fastening portion 
               45  shaft portion 
               46  contact portion 
               52  load transfer portion 
               60  side surface 
               62  temporary fastened portion 
               63  hole portion 
               70  height stopper 
               71  restricting member 
               72  base portion 
               74  temporary fastening portion 
               75 A shaft portion 
               75 B projecting portion 
               76  contact portion 
               82  load transfer portion 
               90  side surface 
               92  temporary fastened portion 
               93 A hole portion 
               93 B hole portion 
               100  railcar