Patent Publication Number: US-2012029934-A1

Title: Clinical sample analyzing system, clinical sample analyzer, management apparatus, and method of managing clinical sample analyzer

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-167725 filed on Jul. 27, 2010, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a clinical sample analyzing system which includes a clinical sample analyzer and a management apparatus which provides information about maintenance on the clinical sample analyzer to technicians who perform maintenance on the clinical sample analyzer, the clinical sample analyzer, the management apparatus, and a method of managing the clinical sample analyzer. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     There have been known systems which are used in maintenance on sample analyzers in support centers. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,060, a remote support system is disclosed which includes a sample analyzer and a management apparatus which is connected to the sample analyzer via a communication network. In such a remote support system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,060, when an error such as a failure or a malfunction occurs in the sample analyzer, the sample analyzer transmits error information in real time. In addition, the sample analyzer transmits operation information with no urgency such as the number of operations and the sample measurement result at the time of shutdown. The error information and the operation information are received by the management apparatus and registered in a database. In the support center, technicians monitor the error information and the operation information of the sample analyzer on the management apparatus, and when an abnormality occurs in the sample analyzer, the technicians perform repair and maintenance on the sample analyzer. 
     In order to perform rapid repair and maintenance when a failure or a malfunction occurs in the sample analyzer, when error information is transmitted, technicians are required to rapidly confirm the transmitted error information. 
     Accordingly, in the conventional system, support center technicians are required to stand by before the management apparatus in order to cope with error information where the transmission time is unknown regardless of the schedules of sample measurement by the sample analyzer, and thus a burden is imposed on the technicians. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A first aspect of the present invention is a clinical sample analyzing system comprising: a clinical sample analyzer which analyzes a clinical sample, wherein the clinical sample analyzer is installed in a facility of a user; and a management apparatus which is able to perform data communication with the clinical sample analyzer and is installed in a facility different from the facility of the user, wherein the clinical sample analyzer automatically transmits report data to the management apparatus when a predetermined event related to an initiation of a sample measurement occurs, and the management apparatus outputs a notification when receiving the report data from the clinical sample analyzer. 
     A second aspect of the present invention is a clinical sample analyzer which is installed in a facility of a user, the analyzer comprising: a communication section which performs data communication with a management apparatus which is installed in a facility different from the facility of the user, wherein the communication section automatically transmits report data to a management apparatus when a predetermined event related to an initiation of a sample measurement occurs. 
     A third aspect of the present invention is a management apparatus which is installed in a facility different from a facility of a user in which a clinical sample analyzer is installed, the management apparatus capable of performing data communication with the clinical sample analyzer and comprising: a receiving section which receives, when a predetermined event related to an initiation of a sample measurement occurs, report data which is transmitted from the clinical sample analyzer in order to report the occurrence of the predetermined event; and an output section which outputs a notification when the report data is received by the receiving section. 
     A fourth aspect of the present invention is a method of managing a clinical sample analyzer, the method comprising: a transmitting step of automatically transmitting report data by the clinical sample analyzer when a predetermined event related to an initiation of a sample measurement occurs in the clinical sample analyzer which is installed in a facility of a user; and an output step of outputting a notification when a management apparatus receives the report data, wherein the management apparatus is able to perform data communication with the sample analyzer and is installed in a facility different from the facility of a user. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a sample analyzing system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a sample analyzer according to the embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a preprocessing unit. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a measuring unit. 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view showing the configuration of the measuring unit. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram showing the configuration of a data processing unit. 
         FIG. 7  is a graph showing the relationship between an amplification rise time and a concentration. 
         FIG. 8  is a calibration curve graph showing the relationship between an amplification rise time and the number of copies of a target gene. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic view showing the configuration of a database. 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing the configuration of a management server according to the embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the sample analyzer according to the embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart showing the error notification operation procedure of the sample analyzer. 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the management server. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram showing an example of a monitoring screen. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram showing an example of a reception situation screen. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 
     Configuration of Sample Analyzing System  
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the configuration of a sample analyzing system  1  according to this embodiment. The sample analyzing system  1  includes sample analyzers  2 ,  2 , . . . which are installed in a user facility such as a hospital or an examination center and a maintenance management system  3  which is installed in a facility for maintenance service providers such as a maker of the sample analyzers  2  which performs maintenance on the sample analyzers  2 . The sample analyzers  2 ,  2 , . . . are connected to the maintenance management system  3  so as to perform data communication therewith via a communication network such as the Internet or a dedicated line. The maintenance management system  3  includes a first mail server  4 , a database server  5 , a second mail server  6 , a management server  7 , a web server  8 , and client devices  9 ,  9 , . . . . The first mail server  4 , the database server  5 , the second mail server  6 , the management server  7 , the web server  8 , and the client devices  9 ,  9 , . . . are connected so as to perform data communication with each other by LAN. In addition, the management server  7  which is connected to a phone line can make a call to a telephone  300  of the person in charge of maintenance service and can outputs a predetermined voice message during telephone communication. 
     Sample Analyzer 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing the configuration of the sample analyzer  2 . The sample analyzer  2  according to this embodiment is a nucleic acid amplification detector which sets a cut tissue from a living body (human body), such as a lymph node, as a sample and can output the concentration of a target nucleic acid (target gene) included in this sample as measurement data. In greater detail, this sample analyzer  2  which is used as a genetic diagnosis system of breast cancer lymph node metastasis performs preprocessing (homogenization, extraction treatment, and the like) on the lymph node (sample) cut from a human body to prepare a solubilized extract which is a sample for measurement for nucleic acid detection and amplifies the target nucleic acid (target gene) present in the sample for measurement by a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method to measure the turbidity of the solution which occurs with the amplification, thereby obtaining the concentration of the target nucleic acid (oncogene; mRNA). 
     This sample analyzer  2  is used for intraoperative rapid diagnosis, and in greater detail, the analyzer is used during the operation for a breast cancer and the like. For example, the sample analyzer  2  obtains, from the lymph node which is cut intraoperatively, the concentration of cancer-derived genes (target nucleic acid) in the lymph node to allow a doctor to diagnose the degree of cancer metastasis intraoperatively on the basis of this concentration, and a lymph node dissection range is determined. Accordingly, high reliability and promptness are required for the output of the sample analyzer  2 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the sample analyzer  2  has a preprocessing unit  210  for preparing a sample for measurement by performing preprocessing such as homogenization on a sample which is obtained from a human body or the like and a measuring unit  220  which performs a process of detecting a target nucleic acid included in the sample for measurement. In addition, the sample analyzer  2  has a data processing unit  230  for performing data processing, data communication and the like. This data processing unit  230  also functions as a controller which receives measurement data from the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220  or transmits an operation instruction signal and the like to the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220 . That is, the preprocessing unit  210  and the data processing unit  230  function as a preprocessor, and the measuring unit  220  and the data processing unit  230  function as a nucleic acid detector. In addition, the data processing unit  230  is connected to a network and can transmit the measurement data and the like transmitted from a transmitting section of each of the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220  to the maintenance management system  3  by a transmission-reception function between the above-described maintenance management system  3  and the data processing unit  230 . 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view showing the configuration of the preprocessing unit  210 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the preprocessing unit  210  mainly includes a preprocessing section  211  which performs preprocessing on a sample to prepare a sample for measurement and a measuring section  212  which measures a sample for measurement on which the preprocessing has been completed. The preprocessing section  211  includes a sample setting section  213  which sets a container containing a sample, a reagent adding section (reagent dispensing pipette)  214  which adds a reagent for preprocessing to a container which is set in the sample setting section  213  and contains a sample, a blender (homogenization section)  215  for performing sample homogenization, a pipette (dispensing section)  216  which dispenses a homogenized (preprocessed) sample for measurement, and a transfer section (not shown) which transfers the pipette  216  to the measuring section  212  and the measuring unit  220 . 
     When receiving a measurement start instruction signal from the data processing unit  230 , the preprocessor adds a reagent for preprocessing to a sample of the sample setting section  213  (the process of adding a reagent for preprocessing), homogenizes the sample by the blender  215 , and prepares a sample for measurement (homogenization process). The pipette  216  suctions the sample for measurement (hereinafter, also referred to as “sample”), and in the case of normal nucleic acid detection, the pipette  216  moves up to the measuring unit  220  and injects the sample into a sample container  22  set in the measuring unit  220 . 
     Meanwhile, in the case of accuracy management, the pipette  216 , which has suctioned an accuracy management sample for measurement prepared by performing preprocessing on an accuracy management sample for preprocessing, moves to an absorbance measurement cell  217  and injects the accuracy management sample for measurement into the absorbance measurement cell  217  of the measuring section  212 . The absorbance measurement cell  217  is irradiated with light from an optical source  218 , the light is detected by a detector (light-receiving section)  219 , and the absorbance of the preprocessed sample is measured. The measured absorbance (measurement data) is transmitted to the data processing unit  230  by a transmitting section (omitted in the drawing) of the preprocessing unit  210 . The preprocessing is not limited to homogenization and may be a nucleic acid extraction process or the like. 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing the configuration of the measuring unit  220 , and  FIG. 5  is a plan view showing the configuration of the measuring unit  220 . The measuring unit  220  is configured as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5  and described in detail in JP-A-2005-98960. Here, the configuration, operation and the like of the measuring unit  220  will be briefly described. First, the pipette moved from the preprocessing unit  210  injects the preprocessed sample into the sample container  22  set in a sample container setting hole  21   a  of a sample container table  21 . 
     In a primer reagent container setting hole  31   a  and an enzyme reagent container setting hole  31   b  on the front-left side of a reagent container setting section  30 , a primer reagent container  32   a  containing a primer reagent of CK19 (cytokeratin 19) and an enzyme reagent container  32   b  containing an enzyme reagent are set, respectively. In addition, in a primer reagent container setting hole  31   a  on the front-right side of the reagent container setting section  30 , a primer reagent container  32   a  containing a primer reagent of  Arabidopsis  (hereinafter, referred to as arabido) which is an internal standard material is set. In addition, in an arabido container setting hole  31   d  on the front-right side, an arabido solution container  32   d  containing a predetermined amount of arabido is set. 
     In addition, two racks  42 , each having  36  disposable pipette chips  41  stored therein, are fitted in concave sections (not shown) of a chip setting section  40 . Furthermore, two cell sections  66   a  of a detection cell  65  are set in two detection cell setting holes of a reaction section  61  of each reaction detection block  60   a.    
     In this state, when the operation of the measuring unit  220  is started, first, an arm section  11  of a dispensing mechanism section  10  is moved to the chip setting section  40  from the initial position, and then two syringe sections  12  of the dispensing mechanism section  10  is moved downward in the chip setting section  40 . In this manner, the tip ends of the nozzle sections of the two syringe sections  12  are pushed into upper opening sections of the two pipette chips  41 , and thus the pipette chips  41  are automatically mounted on the tip ends of the nozzle sections of the two syringe sections  12 . The two syringe sections  12  are moved upward, and then the arm section  11  of the dispensing mechanism section  10  is moved in the X-axis direction toward the upper part of the two primer reagent containers  32   a  which contain primer reagents of CK19 and arabido, respectively, and are set in a reagent container setting table  31 . In addition, due to the downward movement of the two syringe sections  12 , the tip ends of the two pipette chips  41  mounted on the nozzle sections of the two syringe sections  12  are inserted into the liquid surfaces of the primer regents of CK19 and arabido in the two primer reagent containers  32   a , respectively. The primer regents of CK19 and arabido in the two primer reagent containers  32   a  are suctioned by pump sections of the syringe sections  12 . 
     The two syringe sections  12  are moved upward after suction of the primer reagents, and then the arm section  11  of the dispensing mechanism section  10  is moved to the upper part of the reaction detection block  60   a  which is positioned on the innermost side (on the innermost side from the front of the apparatus). In this case, the arm section  11  of the dispensing mechanism section  10  is moved so as not to pass over the other second to fifth reaction detection blocks  60   a . In addition, due to the downward movement of the two syringe sections  12  in the reaction detection block  60   a  on the innermost side, the two pipette chips  41  mounted on the nozzle sections  12   a  of the two syringe sections  12  are inserted into the two cell sections  66   a  of the detection cell  65 . In addition, using the pump sections of the syringe sections  12 , the two primer reagents of CK19 and arabido are discharged to the two cell sections  66   a , respectively (primer reagent dispensing process). 
     Thereafter, the pipette chips  41  are destroyed and two new pipette chips  41  are automatically mounted on the tip ends of the nozzle sections of the two syringe sections  12 . Then, the enzyme reagent in the enzyme reagent container  32   b  is discharged to the two cell sections  66   a  of the detection cell  65  (the process of dispensing an enzyme reagent) with almost the same operation as in the above description. Thereafter, the arabido solution in the arabido solution container  32   d  is discharged to the two cell sections  66   a  of the detection cell  65  in the same manner. Thereafter, the sample (sample for measurement) in the sample container  22  is discharged to the two cell sections  66   a  of the detection cell  65  in the same manner (the process of dispensing a sample). In this manner, the specimen for detecting CK19 is adjusted in one cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65 , and the specimen for detecting arabido is adjusted in the other cell section  66   a.    
     After the discharge of the primer reagent, enzyme reagent, arabido solution and sample into the cell sections, a cap closing operation of the detection cell  65  is performed. After completion of the cap closing operation, the liquid temperature in the detection cell  65  is increased to about 65° C. from about 20° C. by using a Peltier module of the reaction section  61  to amplify the target gene (CK19) and the arabido in accordance with the LAMP method. The white turbidity caused by magnesium pyrophosphate which is formed with the amplification is detected by a turbidimetric method. In greater detail, the cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  at the time of amplification reaction is irradiated with light having a diameter of about 1 mm from an LED optical source section  62   a  of a turbidity detection section  62  via an optical irradiation groove of the reaction section  61 . The emitted light is received by a photodiode light-receiving section  62   b . In this manner, the liquid turbidity in the cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  at the time of amplification reaction is detected (monitored) in real time. The measurement data of CK19 and the measurement data of arabido measured by the photodiode light-receiving section  62   b  are transmitted to the data processing unit  230  by a transmitting section (not shown) of the measuring unit  220 . 
     Next, the configuration of the data processing unit  230  will be described.  FIG. 6  is a block diagram showing the configuration of the data processing unit  230 . The data processing unit  230  is realized by a computer  230   a . As shown in  FIG. 6 , the computer  230   a  includes a main body  231 , an image display section  232 , and an input section  233 . The main body  231  includes a CPU  231   a , a ROM  231   b , a RAM  231   c , a hard disk  231   d , a reading device  231   e , an I/O interface  231   f , a communication interface  231   g , and an image output interface  231   h , and the CPU  231   a , the ROM  231   b , the RAM  231   c , the hard disk  231   d , the read-out device  231   e , the I/O interface  231   f , the communication interface  231   g , and the image output interface  231   h  are connected to each other by a bus  231   j.    
     The read-out device  231   e  reads out a computer program  234   a  for allowing the computer to function as the information processing unit  230  from a portable recording medium  234  and can install the computer program  234   a  in the hard disk  231   d.    
     In addition, an e-mail client program  234   b  is installed in the hard disk  231   d . When such an e-mail client program  234   b  is executed by the CPU  231   a , the data processing unit  230  functions as a client of the e-mail system and can transmit an e-mail. 
     Furthermore, a web browser program  234   c  is installed in the hard disk  231   d . When such a web browser program  234   c  is executed by the CPU  231   a , the data processing unit  230  functions as a web client, can receive HTML data transmitted from the web server, and can display a web page on the image display section  232 . 
     The I/O interface  231   f  is connected to the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220  via a cable. The I/O interface  231   f  is connected to the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220  so as to perform data communication therewith, and can output a control signal to the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220 . The control sections (not shown) of the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220  receiving such a control signal decode this control signal, and in response to the control signal, the actuators of the mechanism sections are driven. In addition, the measurement data can be transmitted to the data processing unit  230  from each of the preprocessing unit  210  and the measuring unit  220 , and when the data processing unit  230  receives the measurement data, the CPU  231   a  performs a predetermined process on the measurement data. 
     The process by the data processing unit  230  on the measurement data of the measuring unit  220  will be further described in detail. As described above, the measurement data of CK19 and the measurement data of arabido measured by the photodiode light-receiving section  62   b  are transmitted from the measuring unit  220 . In the data processing unit  230 , when the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents turbidity (O.D.: Optical Density), the measurement data of CK19 is obtained as shown in  FIG. 7 . In addition, the data processing unit  230  detects an amplification rise time, which is a time until the number of copies of the target gene (CK19) in the sample rapidly increases from this measurement data of CK19, by comparing the turbidity with a predetermined threshold. Meanwhile, in the same manner as above, the data processing unit  230  prepares measurement data of arabido with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing turbidity from the measurement data of arabido, and acquires an amplification rise time of arabido on the basis of the measurement data. The data processing unit  230  corrects the amplification rise time of CK19 on the basis of this amplification rise time of arabido. Due to such correction, the effect of the amplification inhibitor in the sample on the measurement result can be removed. In addition, on the basis of the calibration curve which is prepared from the measurement result of the calibrator of CK19 in advance as shown in  FIG. 8 , the amount (number of copies) of the target gene (CK19) is calculated from the corrected amplification rise time of CK19. Here, the calibration curve shown in  FIG. 8  is a curve with the horizontal axis representing an amplification rise time and the vertical axis representing the number of copies [number of copies/μL] of the target gene (CK19). In general, the shorter the amplification rise time is, the higher the concentration of the target genes is. 
     The data of the calculated amount of the target gene is displayed on the screen by a display device of the data processing unit  230  or another display device. In addition, the data processing unit  230  obtains a qualitative determination result for diagnosis support from the quantitative measurement data (amplification rise time, the number of copies) and displays the qualitative determination result on the screen by the display device of the data processor or another display device. Regarding this determination, for example, the case in which the number of copies is 250 or less, or the case in which the turbidity does not reach a threshold even when a predetermined time elapses in the measurement data shown in  FIG. 7  is determined as “ND”, the case in which the number of copies is in the range of 250 to 5×10 3  is determined as “+”, and the case in which the number of copies is greater than 5×10 3  is determined as “++”. Here, cancer metastasis degrees are qualitatively shown, such as “ND” representing “no metastasis is detected”, “+” representing “little metastasis”, and “++” representing that “metastasis is evident”, and when the sample analyzer  2  obtains and displays qualitative results to be helpful in support for the accurate diagnosis from the quantitative measurement data (number of cancer-derived cells), a doctor rapidly makes a diagnosis intraoperatively and can determine a dissection range. 
     In addition, the sample analyzing system  1  is connected to various sample analyzers such as a blood cell counter, a blood coagulation measurement apparatus, an immunoassay apparatus, a biochemical analyzer, a urine qualitative analyzer, and an in-urine physical component analyzer, other than the above-described nucleic acid amplification detector. 
     First Mail Server 
     The first mail server  4  is realized by a computer. Since the configuration of the computer realizing such a first mail server  4  is the same as the configuration of the computer  230   a  realizing the data processing unit  230 , the description thereof will be omitted. 
     A mail server program is installed on the hard disk of the computer constituting the first mail server  4 . The computer functions as the first mail server when the CPU of the computer executes the mail server program. The e-mail transmitted from the data processing unit  230  is received by the first mail server  4  and stored in the mail box which is provided in the hard disk of the first mail server  4 . 
     Database Server 
     The database server  5  is realized by a computer. Since the configuration of the computer realizing such a database server  5  is the same as the configuration of the computer  230   a  realizing the data processing unit  230 , the description thereof will be omitted. 
     The hard disk of the computer constituting the database server  5  is provided with a database for storing state information related to the state of the sample analyzers  2 ,  2 , . . . .  FIG. 9  is a schematic view showing the configuration of the database. A database DB is provided with a field F 1  for storing the number (receipt number) of the received data, a field F 2  for storing the data reception time, a field F 3  for storing the model code of the sample analyzer, a field F 4  for storing the apparatus ID assigned to each sample analyzer, a field F 5  for storing the operation state code showing the state of the apparatus or the error code showing the type of the error of the apparatus, a field F 6  for storing the name of a technician who performed data updating, a field F 7  for storing the data processing segment, and a field F 8  for storing the time and date of the visit of the worker to the facility. In addition, the computer functions as the database server  5  when the CPU of the computer executes a database server program which is installed on the hard disk of the computer. When an e-mail related to the apparatus state transmitted from the sample analyzer  2  is received by the first mail server  4 , the information which is included in the e-mail is acquired by the database server  5  and stored in the database DB. When the information which is stored in this manner in the database DB is information (hereinafter, referred to as “operation report information”) which reports the execution of an event related to the start of sample measurement of the sample analyzer or urgent error information, the database server  5  creates and transmits an e-mail including the operation report information or the urgent error information to the second mail server  6 . The event related to the start of sample measurement includes at least one of (1) an event related to the measurement of a patient sample, (2) an event related to the start-up of the sample analyzer, (3) an event related to the measurement of a standard sample for preparation of a calibration curve or accuracy management, and (4) an event related to the approval for a prepared calibration curve or the accuracy management result. In this embodiment, (1) the event related to the measurement of a patient sample is that the start of measurement of a patient sample is received from a user via the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230 . (2) The event related to the start-up of the sample analyzer is a shift to a standby state of the measuring unit  220 . (3) The event related to the measurement of a standard sample for preparation of a calibration curve or accuracy management is that the start of the measurement of the calibrator is received from a user via the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230 . (4) The event related to the approval for a prepared calibration curve or the accuracy management result is that a validation for the calibration curve is received from a user via the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230 . The events will be described later in detail. 
     In addition, the database server  5  is configured to store the accuracy management result data transmitted from the sample analyzer  2  in an accuracy management database and store the measurement data transmitted from the sample analyzer  2  in a measurement result database. The database server  5  transmits the operation report information, the urgent error information, the accuracy management result data, and the measurement data stored in the databases to the web server  8  and the information can be viewed from the computers such as the data processing unit  230  and the client devices  9  by the web server  8 . 
     Second Mail Server 
     The second mail server  6  is realized by a computer. Since the configuration of the computer realizing such a second mail server  6  is the same as the configuration of the computer  230   a  realizing the data processing unit  230 , the description thereof will be omitted. 
     A mail server program is installed on the hard disk of the computer constituting the second mail server  6 . The computer functions as the second mail server when the CPU of the computer executes the mail server program. The e-mail transmitted from the database server  5  is received by the second mail server  6  and stored in the mail box which is provided in the hard disk of the second mail server  6 . 
     Management Server 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing the configuration of the management server. The management server  7  is realized by a computer  7   a . As shown in  FIG. 10 , the computer  7   a  includes a main body  710 , an image display section  720 , and an input section  730 . The main body  710  includes a CPU  710   a , a ROM  710   b , a RAM  710   c , a hard disk  710   d , a reading device  710   e , an I/O interface  710   f , a communication interface  710   g , and an image output interface  710   h , and the CPU  710   a , the ROM  710   b , the RAM  710   c , the hard disk  710   d , the read-out device  710   e , the I/O interface  710   f , the communication interface  710   g , and the image output interface  710   h  are connected to each other by a bus  710   j.    
     The reading device  710   e  can read out a computer program  740   a  for allowing the computer to function as the management server  7  from a portable recording medium  740  to install the computer program  740   a  on the hard disk  710   d.    
     When an e-mail including the operation report information or the urgent error information is received by the second mail server  6 , the management server  7  transmits the operation report information or the urgent error information to each of the client devices  9 ,  9 , . . . in order to notify a technician of the reception of the operation report information or the urgent error information. 
     Web Server  8   
     The web server  8  is realized by a computer. Since the configuration of the computer realizing such a web server  8  is the same as the configuration of the computer  230   a  realizing the data processing unit  230 , the description thereof will be omitted. 
     The web server  8  receives and stores the measurement result and the accuracy management result data transmitted from the database server  5  in the hard disk. When a request for viewing the information is received from the computers such as the data processing unit  230  and the client devices  9 , HTML data including the measurement result or the accuracy management result data is transmitted to the computer which is a request source. In this manner, the information can be viewed by the computers such as the data processing unit  230  and the client devices  9 . 
     Client Device 
     The client device  9  is realized by a computer. Since the configuration of the computer realizing such a client device  9  is the same as the configuration of the computer  230   a  realizing the data processing unit  230 , the description thereof will be omitted. 
     A management client program is installed on the hard disk of the computer functioning as the client device  9 . The computer functions as the client device when the CPU of the computer executes the management client program. The client device  9  can access the management server  7 , is notified of the fact that the sample, analyzer  2  is operating or the fact that an urgent error has occurred in the sample analyzer  2  from the management server  7 , and displays the information on the image display section. In addition, a web browser program is installed on the hard disk of the client device  9 . The client device  9  receives the measurement result and the accuracy management result of the sample analyzer  2  by accessing the web server  8  and can display a web page including the measurement result and the accuracy management result of the sample analyzer  2  on the image display section. 
     Operation of Sample Analyzing System  
     Operation of Sample Analyzer  
     Hereinafter, the operation of the sample analyzing system  1  according to this embodiment will be described.  FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing the operation procedure of the sample analyzer  2  according to this embodiment. The sample analyzer  2  is used to analyze a sample (lymph node) which is collected during the operation for a breast cancer and the like and is started-up before the operation (Step S 101 ). The start-up process is executed as follows. The measuring unit  220  of the sample analyzer  2  is provided with a power button (not shown), and the measuring unit  220  is turned on when a user presses the power button. When the unit is turned on, the measuring unit  220  executes the adjustment of the original point and the confirmation of the operation of the mechanism section and shifts to a standby state. In this manner, the start-up process is completed. When detecting the shift of the measuring unit  220  to the standby state, the CPU  231   a  of the data processing unit  230  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the start-up of the sample analyzer  2  to the first server (Step S 102 ). 
     Here, the above-described e-mail will be described. The destination of this e-mail is a mail address for providing maintenance service, and the e-mail includes the model code of the sample analyzer, the apparatus ID of the sample analyzer, and the operation state code of the sample analyzer in the subject thereof. In addition, the body of the e-mail is left blank. 
     The hard disk  231   d  of the data processing unit  230  stores the model code and the serial number of the sample analyzer  2 . The operation state codes are as follows. “0” represents a state in which the sample analyzer is started-up (start-up state), “1” represents a state in which the measurement of the calibrator is started to prepare the calibration curve (calibration curve measurement start state), “2” represents a state in which the measurement of the calibrator ends to prepare the calibration curve (calibration curve measurement end state), “3” represents a state in which the prepared calibration curve is approved by a user (calibration curve validation state), “4” represents a state in which the sample measurement is started (sample measurement start state), “5” represents a state in which the sample measurement ends (sample measurement end state), and “6” represents a state in which the sample analyzer (measuring unit) is shut down (measuring unit end state). In the above-described Step S 102 , the CPU  231   a  of the data processing unit  230  generates an e-mail, of which the destination is a mail address for providing maintenance service stored in the hard disk  231   d  and which includes the model code and the serial number stored in the hard disk  231   d  and the operation state code (in this case, “0”) corresponding to the state of the apparatus at that time in the subject thereof. 
     Next, the calibration curve to be used in the sample analysis is prepared. The calibration curve is prepared through the measurement of the calibrator by the measuring unit  220 . The calibrator includes a predetermined amount of CK19 which is a target nucleic acid, and three kinds of calibrators each having a different amount of CK19 are used. 
     The sample containers  22  accommodating these calibrators are set in the sample container table  21  of the measuring unit  220  before the calibration curve preparation process. A user inputs a start instruction by the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230  in order to start the calibration curve preparation process (calibrator measurement process) of the measuring unit  220 . When receiving such an instruction for starting the calibration curve measurement (Step S 103 ), the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the start of the calibration curve measurement to the first mail server (Step S 104 ). In the subject of this e-mail, the operation state code “1”, showing the state in which the calibration curve measurement is started, is included. Thereafter, the sample analyzer  2  executes the measurement of the calibrator and the CPU  231   a  prepares the calibration curve (Step S 105 ). 
     The process in Step S 105  will be described in detail. When receiving a signal of the measurement start instruction, the measuring unit  220  subjects each of the three calibrators to the primer reagent dispensing process, the enzyme reagent dispensing process, and the calibrator solution dispensing process of dispensing the calibrator of the sample container  22  into one cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65 . Thereafter, the measuring unit  220  increases the liquid temperature in the detection cell  65  to about 65° C. from about 20° C. to amplify the target nucleic acid by the LAMP (nucleic acid amplification) reaction, and performs a detection process of detecting the liquid turbidity in the cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  at the time of amplification reaction by the turbidity detection section  62 . 
     The measuring unit  220  transmits the detected optical information (measurement data) to the data processing unit  230 . When receiving the optical information (liquid turbidity) of each calibrator from the measuring unit  220 , the data processing unit  230  performs a process of analyzing the optical information. In the analysis process, the amplification rise time of each calibrator is calculated. The amplification rise time is calculated as a time until the liquid turbidity obtained as the optical information exceeds a predetermined value. The data processing unit  230  prepares a new calibration curve from the amplification rise time calculated with respect to each calibrator on the basis of the calibration curve which is being kept or the number of copies of the indicated value of each calibrator, and calculates the number of copies of CK19 of each calibrator. 
     After preparation of the calibration curve, the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the end of the calibration curve measurement to the first mail server (Step S 106 ). In the subject of this e-mail, the operation state code “2”, showing the state in which the calibration curve measurement ends, is included. 
     The prepared calibration curve is displayed on the image display section  232  of the data processing unit  230 . The data processing unit  230  can receive a validation for the calibration curve from a user. The user confirms the calibration curve displayed on the image display section  232 , and validates the calibration curve if the calibration curve has no abnormality. When receiving the validation for the calibration curve (Step S 107 ), the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the validation for the calibration curve to the first mail server (Step S 108 ). In the subject of this e-mail, the operation state code “3”, showing the state in which the calibration curve is validated, is included. 
     The above-described rise time of CK19 and number of copies of CK19 (measurement data) are transmitted to the database server  5  from the data processing unit  230 . The measurement data includes information such as the apparatus ID of the sample analyzer which measures the calibrator, the lot number of the calibrator, and the measurement time other than the rise time and the number of copies of CK19. 
     When receiving the analysis result (measurement data), the database server  5  accumulates the measurement data in the accuracy management database. In addition, the database server  5  subjects a large number of pieces of measurement data transmitted from the sample analyzers which are a large number of nucleic acid examination systems which are installed in the respective facilities to a statistical process. In greater detail, on the basis of the measurement data transmitted from the sample analyzers  2  (data processing unit  230 ) which are installed in a plurality of facilities, the average value for each day and the standard deviation  1 SD are obtained for each measurement item. In addition, the database server  5  also obtains  2 SD, which is two times the standard deviation  1 SD, and  3 SD, which is three times the standard deviation  1 SD. The average value of the measurement data for each day,  1 SD,  2 SD, and  3 SD are accumulated in an accuracy management statistical database of the database server  5 . In addition, the measurement data of a reference apparatus which is a reference sample analyzer is also accumulated in the accuracy management statistical database. 
     Furthermore, when receiving the measurement data, the database server  5  determines whether or not the calibration curve preparation process is normal on the basis of the calculated average value and  1 SD,  2 SD or  3 SD. Each of the  1 SD, the  2 SD, and the  3 SD can be a reference value for whether or not the received measurement data is normal. Which one of the  1 SD, the  2 SD, and the  3 SD is used as the reference value is selected by each facility and the selected reference value is used in determination. Such a determination result is also registered in the accuracy management database. 
     When the accuracy management data (measurement data, statistical data and determination result) of the calibrator is registered in the accuracy management database, the database server  5  transmits the registered accuracy management data to the web server  8 . The web server  8  stores the received accuracy management data in the database in the hard disk. Such accuracy management data can be viewed from the other computers (data processing unit  230  and client devices  9 ) by the web server  8 . 
     Next, a user prompts the sample analyzer  2  to manage the accuracy of the preprocessing unit  210  (Step S 109 ). In the external accuracy management of the preprocessing unit  210 , a sample for accuracy management (accuracy management sample for preprocessing) is preprocessed by the preprocessing unit  210  to prepare an accuracy management sample for measurement, and the absorbance of the accuracy management sample for measurement is measured. The accuracy management sample for preprocessing is constituted as a false tissue which includes a known amount of target nucleic acid or cells including the known amount of target nucleic acid and a holder capable of holding the target nucleic acid or the cells including the target nucleic acid. This false tissue is prepared so that a predetermined reference value (indicated value) is obtained when the preprocessing unit  210  performs predetermined preprocessing and the absorbance is measured. 
     The nucleic acid which is used in the false tissue may be not only DNA or RNA, but also an artificial nucleic acid such as PNA, BNA or an analog thereof. The cell which is used in the false tissue is not particularly limited if it is a cell containing the target nucleic acid. The holder preferably has a solid form at room temperatures and preferably flows with the collapsing solid form thereof due to a temperature increase up to a certain temperature. In addition, the holder in the solid form preferably has the same level of hardness as the body tissue. 
     The holder preferably includes a gelator. The gelator is a substance having properties of gelating the solution by being added to a solvent. Examples of the gelator include natural polymers such as agar, agarose, carrageenan, alginic acid, alginate, pectin, collagen, gelatin and gluten, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyacrylamide (PAA), and the like. As the false tissue of this embodiment, one or two or more kinds can be used among these synthetic polymers and natural polymers. The solvent to which the gelator is added is not particularly limited. However, for example, water, Tris EDTA (TE), Tris-Acetate EDTA (TAE), Tris-Borate EDTA (TBE) and the like can be used. 
     The external accuracy management is executed once or several times a day, and normal sample measurement is performed after the external accuracy management. First, in the accuracy management, the false tissue (accuracy management sample for preprocessing) is set in the sample setting section  213  of the preprocessing unit  210 . When a user inputs a start instruction by the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230  of the sample analyzer  2  in order to start the external accuracy management of the preprocessing unit  210  and the data processing unit  230  receives the instruction, the data processing unit  230  transmits a measurement start instruction for preprocessing to the preprocessing unit  210 . 
     When receiving a signal of the measurement start instruction, the preprocessing unit  210  performs the process of adding a reagent for preprocessing and the homogenization process on an accuracy management sample for preprocessing by the preprocessing section  211  to prepare an accuracy management sample for measurement. This accuracy management sample for measurement is given to the measuring section  212  of the preprocessing unit  210  and the absorbance is measured. The absorbance measurement data is transmitted to the first mail server  4  by the data processing unit  230 . 
     When receiving the absorbance measurement data, the first mail server  4  transmits the absorbance measurement data to the database server  5  and the measurement data is registered in the accuracy management database. In addition, the database server  5  subjects a large number of pieces of absorbance measurement data transmitted from a large number of the sample analyzers  2  which are installed in the respective facilities to the statistical process. In greater detail, on the basis of the absorbance measurement data transmitted from the sample analyzers  2  which are installed in a plurality of facilities, the average value for each day and the standard deviation  1 SD are obtained. In addition, the database server  5  also obtains  2 SD, which is two times the standard deviation  1 SD, and  3 SD, which is three times the standard deviation  1 SD. The average value of the absorbance measurement data for each day,  1 SD,  2 SD, and  3 SD are registered in the accuracy management database of the database server  5 . In the accuracy management database, the absorbance measurement data which is obtained by measuring the false tissue preprocessed by a reference apparatus (reference sample analyzer) is also accumulated. 
     Furthermore, when receiving the absorbance measurement data, the database server  5  determines whether or not the preprocessing by the preprocessor is normal on the basis of the calculated average value and  1 SD,  2 SD or  3 SD. In greater detail, the database server  5  determines whether or not the preprocessing is normal on the basis of the average value of the absorbance measurement data which was received over a certain period of time (for example, 24 hours in the past) and the standard deviation  1 SD,  2 SD or  3 SD. Each of the  1 SD, the  2 SD, and the  3 SD can be a reference value for whether or not the received absorbance measurement data is normal. Which one of the  1 SD, the  2 SD, and the  3 SD is used as the reference value is selected by each facility and the selected reference value is used in determination. Such a determination result is also registered in the accuracy management database. 
     When the accuracy management data (measurement data, statistical data and determination result) is registered in the accuracy management database, the database server  5  transmits the registered accuracy management data to the web server  8 . The web server  8  stores the received accuracy management data in the database in the hard disk. Such accuracy management data can be viewed from the other computers (data processing unit  230  and client devices  9 ) by the web server  8 . 
     Next, a user prompts the sample analyzer  2  to manage the accuracy of the measuring unit  220  (Step S 110 ). In the external accuracy management of the measuring unit  220 , in place of a normal sample for measurement, an accuracy management sample for nucleic acid detection (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “control solution”) is measured by the measuring unit  220 . As the control solution, two kinds, that is, CK19 control (first accuracy management substance for nucleic acid detection) containing a known amount of CK19 which is a target nucleic acid and lacking arabido which is an internal standard nucleic acid (nucleic acid derived from plant; absent in human body) and Internal control (arabido control; second accuracy management substance for nucleic acid detection) containing a known amount of arabido which is an internal standard nucleic acid and lacking CK19 which is a target nucleic acid. 
     First, prior the external accuracy management (control solution measurement process), a sample container  22  containing CK19 control and a sample container  22  containing arabido control are set in the sample container table  21  of the measuring unit  220 . Then, a user inputs a start instruction by the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230  of the sample analyzer  2  in order to start the external accuracy management of the measuring unit  220 . When the data processing unit  230  receives the instruction, the data processing unit  230  transmits a measurement start instruction to the measuring unit  220 . 
     When receiving a signal of the measurement start instruction, the measuring unit  220  performs the primer reagent dispensing process, the enzyme reagent dispensing process, and the control solution dispensing process of dispensing the CK19 control solution of the sample container  22  into one cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  and dispensing the arabido control solution into the other cell section  66   a . Thereafter, the measuring unit  220  amplifies the target nucleic acid (CK19) and the arabido in accordance with the LAMP method by increasing the liquid temperature in the detection cell  65  from about 20° C. to about 65° C., and performs a detection process of detecting (monitoring) the liquid turbidity in each cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  in the amplification reaction in real time by the turbidity detection section  62 . 
     When optical information (measurement data of CK19 and measurement data of arabido) is detected by the measuring unit  220 , the optical information (measurement data) is analyzed by the data processing unit  230 . In the analysis process, the amplification rise time of CK19, the number of copies of CK19, and the amplification rise time of arabido are calculated. The amplification rise times of CK19 and arabido are calculated as a time until the liquid turbidity obtained as optical information exceeds a predetermined value, and the number of copies of CK19 is calculated from the amplification rise time of CK19 on the basis of the calibration curve. 
     The above-described analysis result (measurement data) is transmitted to the first mail server  4  by the data processing unit  230 . When receiving the measurement data, the first mail server  4  transmits the measurement data to the database server  5  and the measurement data is registered in the accuracy management database. In addition, the database server  5  subjects a large number of pieces of measurement data transmitted from a large number of the sample analyzers  2  which are installed in the respective facilities to the statistical process. In greater detail, on the basis of the measurement data transmitted from the sample analyzers  2  which are installed in a plurality of facilities, the average value for each day and the standard deviation  1 SD are obtained. In addition, the database server  5  also obtains  2 SD, which is two times the standard deviation  1 SD, and  3 SD, which is three times the standard deviation  1 SD. The average value of the measurement data for each day,  1 SD,  2 SD, and  3 SD are registered in the accuracy management database of the database server  5 . In the accuracy management database, the measurement data which is obtained by measuring the control solution by a reference apparatus is also accumulated. 
     Furthermore, when receiving the measurement data, the database server  5  determines whether or not the sample measurement by the measuring unit is normal on the basis of the calculated average value and  1 SD,  2 SD or  3 SD. In greater detail, the database server  5  determines whether or not the sample measurement is normal on the basis of the average value of the measurement data which was received over a certain period of past time (for example, 24 hours in the past) and the standard deviation  1 SD,  2 SD or  3 SD. Each of the  1 SD, the  2 SD, and the  3 SD can be a reference value for whether or not the received measurement data is normal. Which one of the  1 SD, the  2 SD, and the  3 SD is used as the reference value is selected by each facility and the selected reference value is used in determination. Such a determination result is also registered in the accuracy management database. 
     When the accuracy management data (measurement data, statistical data and determination result) is registered in the accuracy management database, the database server  5  transmits the registered accuracy management data to the web server  8 . The web server  8  stores the received accuracy management data in the database in the hard disk. Such accuracy management data can be viewed from the other computers (data processing unit  230  and client devices  9 ) by the web server  8 . 
     Next, a user executes the preprocessing and the sample measurement using a tissue cut actually from a patient. In the sample measurement, the above-described tissue is set in the sample setting section  213  of the preprocessing unit  210 . In addition, the user inputs a sample measurement start instruction by the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230  of the sample analyzer  2  in order to start the sample preprocessing. When receiving such a sample measurement start instruction (Step S 111 ), the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the start of sample measurement to the first mail server (Step S 112 ). In the subject of this e-mail, the operation state code “4”, showing the state in which the sample measurement is started, is included. Thereafter, the sample analyzer  2  executes the sample preprocessing and the sample measurement (Step S 113 ). 
     The process in Step S 113  will be described in detail. When the preprocessing unit  210  receives a signal of the measurement start instruction, the preprocessing section  211  subjects the sample to the process of adding a reagent for preprocessing and the homogenization process to prepare a sample for measurement. This sample for measurement is given to the measuring section  212  of the preprocessing unit  210  and the absorbance is measured. The absorbance measurement data is transmitted to the first mail server  4  by the data processing unit  230 . 
     When receiving the absorbance measurement data, the first mail server  4  transmits the absorbance measurement data to the database server  5  and the measurement data is registered in the measurement result database. When the absorbance measurement data of the preprocessing is registered in the measurement result database, the database server  5  transmits the registered measurement data to the web server  8 . The web server  8  stores the received measurement data in the database in the hard disk. Such measurement data can be viewed from the other computers (data processing unit  230  and client devices  9 ) by the web server  8 . 
     When receiving a signal of the measurement start instruction, the measuring unit  220  performs the primer reagent dispensing process, the enzyme reagent dispensing process, and the solution dispensing process of dispensing the CK19 solution of the sample container  22  into one cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  and dispensing the arabido control solution into the other cell section  66   a . Thereafter, the measuring unit  220  amplifies the target nucleic acid (CK19) and the arabido in accordance with the LAMP method by increasing the liquid temperature in the detection cell  65  from about 20° C. to about 65° C., and performs a detection process of detecting (monitoring) the liquid turbidity in each cell section  66   a  of the detection cell  65  in the amplification reaction in real time by the turbidity detection section  62 . 
     When optical information (measurement data of CK19 and measurement data of arabido) is detected by the measuring unit  220 , the optical information (measurement data) is analyzed by the data processing unit  230 . In the analysis process, the amplification rise time of CK19, the number of copies of CK19, and the amplification rise time of arabido are calculated. The amplification rise times of CK19 and arabido are calculated as a time until the liquid turbidity obtained as optical information exceeds a predetermined value, and the number of copies of CK19 is calculated from the amplification rise time of CK19 on the basis of the calibration curve. 
     The above-described analysis result (measurement data) is transmitted to the first mail server  4  by the data processing unit  230 . When receiving the measurement data, the first mail server  4  transmits the measurement data to the database server  5  and the measurement data is registered in the measurement result database. When the measurement data is registered in the measurement result database, the database server  5  transmits the registered measurement data to the web server  8 . The web server  8  stores the received measurement data in the database in the hard disk. Such measurement data can be viewed from the other computers (data processing unit  230  and client devices  9 ) by the web server  8 . 
     When the above-described sample measurement ends, the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying the end of sample measurement to the first mail server (Step S 114 ). In the subject of this e-mail, the operation state code “5”, showing the state in which the sample measurement ends, is included. 
     When stopping the operation of the sample analyzer  2 , a user operates the input section  233  of the data processing unit  230  and inputs a shutdown instruction. When receiving such a shutdown instruction (Step S 115 ), the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the shutdown of the sample analyzer  2  to the first mail server (Step S 116 ). In the subject of this e-mail, the operation state code “6”, showing the state in which the measurement unit is exited, is included. In addition, the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail including the operation history such as the number of suction operations of the pipette of the sample analyzer  2  to the first mail server (Step S 117 ). When the shutdown of the sample analyzer  2  is completed, the CPU  231   a  ends the process. 
     Next, an error notification operation of the sample analyzer  2  will be described.  FIG. 12  is a flowchart showing the procedure of the error notification operation of the sample analyzer  2 . When an abnormality occurs in the preprocessing unit  210  or the measuring unit  220 , the sample analyzer  2  detect the occurrence of the abnormality by a sensor (Step S 201 ). Among abnormalities, an abnormality such as cessation of the measurement is a severe abnormality by which the measurement cannot continue, whereby it is necessary to rapidly cope with it. The kinds of abnormality to be rapidly coped with (hereinafter, referred to as “urgent error”) are stored on the hard disk  231   d  of the data processing unit  230 . The CPU  231   a  determines whether or not the detected abnormality is an urgent error (Step S 202 ). When the abnormality is not an urgent error (NO in Step S 202 ), a screen for notifying of the occurrence of the error is displayed on the image display section  232  of the data processing unit  230  (Step S 204 ), and the process ends. 
     On the other hand, when the detected abnormality is an urgent error (YES in Step S 202 ), the CPU  231   a  generates and transmits an e-mail for notifying of the urgent error (Step S 203 ). The destination of this e-mail is a mail address for providing maintenance service, and the e-mail includes the model code of the sample analyzer, the apparatus ID of the sample analyzer, and the error code showing the detected abnormality in the subject. In addition, the body of the e-mail is left blank. When the e-mail is transmitted, the CPU  231   a  displays a screen for notifying of the occurrence of the error on the image display section  232  of the data processing unit  230  (Step S 204 ), and ends the process. 
     Operation of Maintenance Management System 
     Next, the operation of the maintenance management system  3  when the above-described e-mail is transmitted will be described. The e-mail which is transmitted to the mail address for providing maintenance service as the destination from the sample analyzer  2  is received by the first mail server  4  and stored in the mail box of the first mail server  4 . The first mail server  4  extracts and transmits information such as the apparatus ID, the model code, the operation state code, and the urgent error code from the e-mail to the database server  5 . The database server  5  stores the received data in the database DB or another database. 
     Here, the registration of the data by the database server  5  when the first mail server  4  receives an e-mail for reporting an operation state will be described. When receiving the apparatus ID, the model code, and the operation state code from the first mail server  4 , the database server  5  generates a reception number of this data and stores a reception time. Next, the database server  5  registers the reception number acquired as described above, the reception time, the model code, the apparatus ID, and the operation state code as a new record in the database DB. In addition, at this time, no information is stored in the field F 6  for technician, the field F 7  for processing segment, and the field F 8  for time and date of the visit in the record. 
     Next, the database server  5  determines whether or not the data received from the first mail server  4  is information to be notified to a technician. Hereinafter, the information to be notified to a technician will be described. 
     The sample analyzer  2  is used in intraoperative rapid diagnosis. Accordingly, when an abnormality occurs in the sample analyzer  2 , it is required to immediately handle the abnormality. Therefore, the state in which the sample analyzer  2  is operating is thought as a preparation state in which the sample measurement is to be executed or a state in the course of the sample measurement, and thus when a technician stands by at this time, the technician can rapidly handle an abnormality even when the abnormality occurs in the sample analyzer  2 . Accordingly, in the sample analyzing system  1  according to this embodiment, when an e-mail for reporting the above-described operation state of the sample analyzer  2  is received, the technician is notified of the fact that the report has been performed. In this manner, when the sample analyzer  2  is operating, a technician who can handle the trouble of the sample analyzer  2  can be secured. In addition, when an urgent error occurs in the sample analyzer  2 , it is necessary to immediately cope with the error. Accordingly, in the sample analyzing system  1  according to this embodiment, when an e-mail for reporting the above-described urgent error of the sample analyzer  2  is received, a technician is notified of the fact that the report has been performed. That is, the operation state code of the sample analyzer  2  and the urgent error code are judged to be information to be notified to the technician. The operation history information which is transmitted at the shutdown of the sample analyzer  2  is not determined to include the information to be notified to the technician. 
     When receiving the operation history information, the database server  5  registers the operation history information in a database (not shown) and transmits the registered operation history information to the web server  8 . The web server  8  stores the received operation history information in the database in the hard disk. Such operation history information can be viewed from the other computers (data processing unit  230  and client devices  9 ) by the web server  8 . 
     When the database server  5  determines that the received information is the information to be notified to the technician, the database server  5  creates and transmits an e-mail including the information to the second mail server  6 . This e-mail has the same configuration as that of the e-mail for reporting the above-described operation state of the sample analyzer  2  or urgent error, except that the destination is a mail address for reporting to the technician. 
     The e-mail transmitted from the database server  5  is received by the second mail server  6  and stored in the mail box of the second mail server  6 . The second mail server  6  extracts and transmits information such as the apparatus ID, the model code, the operation state code, and the urgent error code from the e-mail to the management server  7 . 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart showing the procedure of the operation of the management server  7 . When receiving the data from the second mail server  6  (Step S 301 ), the CPU  710   a  of the management server  7  registers the received data in the database (step S 302 ). Since the configuration of the database is the same as the above-described configuration of the database DB of the database server  5 , the description thereof will be omitted. 
     Next, the CPU  710   a  adds the data registered in the database to a monitoring screen which can be viewed from each client device  9  in common (Step S 303 ).  FIG. 14  is a diagram showing an example of the monitoring screen. The monitoring screen displays handling situations of technicians with respect to facilities to be handled by the technicians at that time in a list format. In an area A 10  displaying the reception situations, the reception number, the office in charge of customers, the reception time, the department of the customer&#39;s facility in which the sample analyzer is installed, the name of the technician in charge, the model code, the mark representing the kind of the situation occurring in the sample analyzer, the process result (result of the handling of the technician), the name of person in charge for calling, the visit schedule, and the time and date of the visit are arranged as display items. The apparatus ID received by the management server  7  from the second mail server  6  is information which is set uniquely to each sample analyzer  2 . In a customer database (not shown) provided in the hard disk of the management server  7 , the office in charge of customers, the department of the customer&#39;s facility in which the sample analyzer is installed, the model code, and the apparatus ID are recorded to be associated therewith. Such a management server  7  acquires the information of the office and the department of the customer&#39;s facility from the apparatus ID received from the second mail server, and thus displays the received information in the area A 10 . 
     In addition, one row of the area A 10  corresponds to one sample analyzer. That is, the rows display information related to sample analyzers different from each other, respectively. For example, before the start-up of a sample analyzer  2 , the information related to the sample analyzer  2  is not displayed in the area A 10 . In this state, when the sample analyzer  2  is started-up, an e-mail for reporting the start-up state is transmitted from the sample analyzer  2 , and the model code and the apparatus ID of the sample analyzer  2 , and the operation state code “0” showing the start-up state are received by the management server  7 . In this manner, the row corresponding to the sample analyzer  2  is newly added in the area A 10  of the monitoring screen at this time, and in the row, the information of the reception number, the office, the reception time, the department of facility, the model code, the mark representing the kind of the situation occurring in the sample analyzer, the process result, and the visit schedule is displayed. Here, as the mark representing the kind of the situation occurring in the sample analyzer, the marks ▾ and ★ are provided. The mark ▾ represents that the operation state report is received from the sample analyzer  2  (that is, the sample analyzer  2  is operating), and the mark ★ represents that the urgent error report is received from the sample analyzer  2  (that is, an urgent error occurs in the sample analyzer  2 ). That is, regarding the sample analyzer  2 , when the operation state code is stored in the database, the management server  7  displays the mark ▾, and when the urgent error code is stored in the database, the management server  7  displays the mark ★. In addition, the marks ▾ and ★ are displayed by a red color when a technician does not handle the operation state report or the urgent error report of the sample analyzer, and the marks ▾ and ★ are displayed by a blue color when a technician has handled the operation state report or the urgent error report of the sample analyzer. In this manner, the technician can easily confirm whether the operation state report and the urgent error report are handled by just referring to the monitoring screen. 
     In addition, when an e-mail for reporting the operation state or an e-mail for reporting an urgent error is further transmitted from the sample analyzer  2  of which the apparatus information is displayed on the monitoring screen, the information which is included in this e-mail is registered as a new record of the database of the management server  7 . However, a row corresponding to the record is not added to the monitoring screen, but the display of the row for the sample analyzer  2  is updated to new information. For example, in the case in which a report of the start-up state is received from the sample analyzer  2  and the information of this start-up state is displayed in the area A 10  of the monitoring screen, when a report of the state in which the calibration curve measurement is started is received from the sample analyzer  2 , the reception number and the reception time of the row is updated to a reception number and a reception time related to the newly received calibration curve report. In addition, in this state, when a further urgent error occurs in the sample analyzer  2  and an urgent error report is received from the sample analyzer  2 , the reception number and the reception time of the row are updated to a reception number and a reception time related to the newly received calibration curve report, and the mark ▾ changes to the mark ★. In this manner, the information reflecting the new operation state of the sample analyzer  2  can be displayed without increasing rows. 
     Technicians can log into the management server  7  by using the client device  9 . The above-described monitoring screen is displayed on all of the client devices  9  which log into the management server  7 . Accordingly, each technician can recognize which sample analyzer  2  in which facility is operating by confirming the monitoring screen. 
     Technicians can select one row in the area A 10  of the monitoring screen by operating the input section such as a mouse of the client device  9 . In this manner, when one row in the area A 10  of the monitoring screen is selected, request data for requesting specific information of the sample analyzer  2  corresponding to the row is transmitted to the management server  7 . This request data includes information which specifies the row. When receiving such request data (YES in Step S 304 ), the CPU  710   a  of the management server  7  extracts all of the records of the sample analyzer  2  corresponding to the row from the database (Step S 305 ). For example, when the apparatus ID of the sample analyzer corresponding to the selected row is “R 0001 ”, all of the records of the apparatus ID “R 0001 ” are extracted from the database. In this manner, after extraction of the information from the database, the CPU  710   a  transmits reception situation screen display data to the client device  9  which is a transmission source of the request data (Step S 306 ). When receiving such reception situation screen display data, the client device  9  displays a reception situation screen which to be described as follows. 
       FIG. 15  is a diagram showing an example of a reception situation screen. The reception situation screen displays the information of the operation state reports which have been received from the sample analyzer  2  in a list format. The reception situation screen has an area A 20 , and in the area A 20 , the operation state reports which have been received from the start-up of the sample analyzer  2  are displayed. One row of the area A 20  corresponds to one operation state report, and the pieces of operation state report information are displayed to be time-sequentially arranged so that new information is positioned on the upper side and old information is positioned on the lower side. Accordingly, technicians can know the current situation of the sample analyzer  2  by referring to the operation state report information at the top. 
     When a technician does not handle the operation state report, the reception time and the content of the notification are displayed in the reception situation screen, and the “final updater”, “processing segment” and “visit date segment” are left blank. When a technician handles the sample analyzer  2 , the technician inputs his name in the “final updater” and inputs “standby” or “end of standby” in the “processing segment”. Here, the “end of standby” represents that “on that day, the standby before the client device  9  with respect to the sample analyzer  2  has ended”, and “standby” represents that “the standby before the client device  9  with respect to the sample analyzer  2  continues”. That is, the final updater “stands by” from when a report of the start-up state of the sample analyzer  2  is received to when a report of the end state of the sample analyzer  2  is received. In this manner, when a technician inputs the “final updater”, “processing segment” and “visit date segment”, the input information is transmitted to the management server  7  from the client device  9 . When receiving such input information (updated instruction data) (YES in Step S 307 ), the CPU  710   a  of the management server  7  registers the input name of the technician, processing segment, and time and date of the visit in the field for technician, the field for processing segment, and the field for time and date of visit, respectively (Step S 308 ), updates the name of the technician, processing segment, and time and date of the visit in a row corresponding to the sample analyzer  2  in the area A 10  of the monitoring screen, and changes the color of the mark ▾ or ★ in the row from red to blue (step S 309 ). In this manner, the monitoring screen is updated and then the CPU  710   a  ends the process. 
     In addition, when a row in which information related to an urgent error report is displayed is selected in the area A 10  of the monitoring screen, the information showing the content of the error is displayed. In this manner, a technician can easily confirm what kind of error has occurred. 
     When a technician refers to the above-described monitoring screen or reception situation screen, it is possible to easily confirm that the sample analyzer is operating or that an urgent error occurs in the sample analyzer. In addition, in the case in which a technician monitors the operation situation of the sample analyzer  2 , when an abnormality occurs in the sample analyzer  2  or when an urgent error occurs in the sample analyzer  2 , the technician can access the web server  8  from the client device  9  and refer to the accuracy management result of the preprocessing unit or the measuring unit of the sample analyzer, the operation history of the sample analyzer, or the measurement data of the sample analyzer  2 . In this manner, the technician can specifically examine the kind of the error which has occurred in the sample analyzer and the coping strategy. 
     When the request data is not received in Step S 304  (NO in Step S 304 ), or when the update instruction data is not received in Step S 307  (NO in Step S 307 ), the CPU  710   a  determines whether or not three minutes (predetermined time) has elapsed from the reception time at which the operation state report information or the urgent error report information was received (Step S 309 ). When three minutes has not elapsed, the CPU  710   a  returns the process to Step S 304 . On the other hand, when three minutes (predetermined time) has elapsed from the reception time at which the operation state report information or the urgent error report information was received (YES in Step S 309 ), the CPU  710   a  automatically makes a call to a telephone  300 , contacts a technician who can handle the sample analyzer  2 , outputs an automatic voice message for instructing to stand by before the client device  9  (step S 310 ), and ends the process. The technician who hears the voice message through the telephone  300  contacts a technician who can handle the sample analyzer  2  so that the technician stands by before the client device  9 . In this manner, the technician who can handle the sample analyzer  2  can be reliably secured. 
     Other Embodiments 
     In the above-described embodiments, the sample analyzer  2  which reports the operation state is a nucleic acid amplification detector, but the invention is not limited thereto. A configuration may be employed in which a blood cell counter, a blood coagulation measurement apparatus, an immunoassay apparatus, a biochemical analyzer, a urine qualitative analyzer, or an in-urine physical component analyzer reports the operation state. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, examples of the event related to the start of sample measurement include (1) an event related to the measurement of a patient sample, (2) an event related to the start-up of the sample analyzer, (3) an event related to the measurement of a standard sample for preparation of a calibration curve or accuracy management, and (4) an event related to the approval for a prepared calibration curve or the accuracy management result, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, as a fifth type of the event related to the start of sample measurement, an event occurring by a temporal factor may be included. For example, elapse of a predetermined time required to prepare the start of sample measurement from the start-up of the sample analyzer by a user may be included as an event. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, as an example of (1) the event related to the measurement of a patient sample, the reception of an instruction for starting the measurement of a patient sample from a user by the input section  233  has been provided, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the registration of a measurement order by the input section  233 , the detection of the setting of a reagent container by a user by a sensor, the detection of the setting of a patient sample by a user by a sensor, or the like may be included as an event. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, as an example of (2) the event related to the start-up of the sample analyzer, the shift to a standby state of the measuring unit  220  has been provided, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the power-on of the measuring unit  220 , the shift to a standby state of the information processing unit  230 , the start-up of an application program for control of the measuring unit  220 , which is stored in the information processing unit  230 , or the like may be included as an event. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, as an example of (3) the event related to the measurement of a standard sample for preparation of a calibration curve or accuracy management, the reception of a calibrator measurement start instruction from a user by the input section  233  has been provided, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the completion of the measurement of the calibrator, the detection of the setting of the calibrator by a user by a sensor, or the like may be included as an event. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, as an example of (4) the event related to the approval for a prepared calibration curve or the accuracy management result, the reception of a validation for the calibration curve from a user by the input section  233  has been provided, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the display of a screen for receiving a validation for the calibration curve or the accuracy management result by the information processing unit  230  may be included as an event. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, the management apparatus receives a report in any of the cases when the events (1) to (4) occur. However, a configuration may be employed in which the reporting to the management apparatus is executed only when some of the above-described plurality of events occurs. 
     In addition, in the above-described embodiments, the configuration has been described in which the maintenance management system  3  includes the first mail server  4 , the database server  5 , the second mail server  6 , the management server  7 , the web server  8 , and the client devices  9 ,  9 , . . . , but the invention is not limited thereto. A configuration may be employed in which the functions of the first mail server  4 , the database server  5 , the second mail server  6 , the management server  7 , and the web server  8  are realized by one server computer. A configuration may also be employed in which a distributing system in which the function of the management server  7  is constituted of two or more computers is provided. 
     In addition, the configuration has been described in which the monitoring screen and the reception situation screen are displayed on the image display section of the client device  9 , but the invention is not limited thereto. A configuration may be employed in which the monitoring screen and the reception situation screen are displayed on the image display section of the management server  7 . A configuration may also be employed in which the client device  9  of the management server  7  is not provided and the functions of the management server  7  and the client device  9  are realized by one computer to be used by a technician to display the monitoring screen and the reception situation screen on the image display section of the computer.