Patent Publication Number: US-2013254804-A1

Title: Converting, navigating and displaying video content uploaded from the internet to a digital tv video-on-demand platform

Description:
This U.S. patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/869,466 filed on Aug. 26, 2010, which was a divisional application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/632,745, filed on Dec. 7, 2009, which was a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/685,188, filed on Mar. 12, 2007, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,631,336 on Dec. 8, 2009, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/909,192 filed on Jul. 30, 2004, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,590,997 on Sep. 15, 2009, all being by the same inventor. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention generally relates to the provision of video content to viewers through digital TV infrastructure, and more particularly, to converting, navigating and displaying video content uploaded from the Internet on a digital TV video-on-demand platform. 
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     Cable television (CATV) systems are used to deliver television services to a vast majority of TV-viewing homes in the U.S. and other technologically advanced countries. The typical CATV system has a cable service provider head end equipped with video servers to transmit CATV program signals through distribution cable lines to local nodes and from there to TV subscriber homes. Within the subscriber homes, the CATV input TV line is connected to one or more customer-premises TVs which are coupled to external set-top boxes for channel tuning or are equipped with internal cable channel tuners. CATV service providers employ the spacious 1 GHz bandwidth of the typical cable (RG-6) line to carry tens of analog TV channels in the portion of the cable bandwidth allocated to analog TV signals. With digital multiplexing methods such as QAM, hundreds of digital TV signals can be carried simultaneously in the portion of the cable bandwidth allocated to digital TV signals. Cable TV service providers have also allocated portions of the cable bandwidth for user (return) data, broadband data connection, and voice-over-IP (VoIP) digital telephone service. 
     Cable TV service providers generally offer subscribers to subscribe to any of several tiers of bundled TV services on a scale with increasing rates in accordance with signal quality, TV program offerings, and types of interactive services. Digital TV services are offered through advanced digital set-top boxes that are individually addressable from the CATV head end, and also allow subscribers various interactive functions with the CATV head end via inputs to the set-top box via the remote control unit for transmission on the return data path to the CATV head end. 
     A recent type of interactive television service offered on digital TV systems is referred to generally as a “video-on-demand” (VOD) system, wherein a viewer can navigate through a program guide via the remote control unit and send a request via the set-top box for a desired video program to be addressed from the head-end to the subscriber&#39;s set-top box for display on the TV. Different types of VOD programs are typically bundled as a package and offered on different VOD “channels”. For example, a VOD “channel” can offer on-demand movies and videos, replay sports events, infomercials, advertisements, music videos, short-subjects, and even individual TV “pages”. VOD-based interactive television services generally allow a viewer to use the remote control to cursor through an on-screen menu and select from a variety of titles for stored video programs for individual viewing on demand. Advanced remote control units include button controls with VCR-like functions that enable the viewer to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay a selected video program or segment. In the future, VOD-based interactive television services may be integrated with or delivered with other advanced interactive television services, such as webpage browsing, e-mail, television purchase (“t-commerce”) transactions, and multimedia delivery. 
     Digital cable TV is currently the most prevalent system for offering digital TV services to home TV subscribers. However, other types of digital carriers offering broadband connections to subscriber homes have entered into competition with cable TV providers by offering digital TV services over their broadband connections. Examples of other broadband connections include DSL telephone lines, local area broadband networks, and wireless broadband networks. Digital television services offered on such broadband connections employ the TCP/IP data transport protocol and are referred to as Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). Instead of multi-casting all TV program signals into a cable line, the typical IPTV system will respond to a subscriber&#39;s request for a particular TV channel or video program by transmitting the video content individually to the subscriber&#39;s individually addressable, digital set top box at high speeds. IPTV and digital cable TV both transmit digital video in packetized data streams within closed, proprietary broadband systems; however, IPTV uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to structure, route and deliver the digital video packets within an IPTV system. 
     With the increasing interactive functionality and customer reach of interactive television services, advertisers and content providers are find it increasingly attractive to employ on-demand advertising, on-demand program content, and on-demand TV transactions for home viewers. VOD content delivery platforms are being designed to seamlessly and conveniently deliver a wide range of types of advertising, video content, and transaction services on demand to home viewers. VOD content offerings are expected to increase dramatically from a few “channels” with a few score or hundred “titles” listed on each today to scores or hundreds of channels with thousands if not millions of titles on each in the foreseeable future. The VOD platform thus offers a gateway for greatly expanding TV viewing from a relatively small number of studio-produced program channels to a large number of new commercial publishers and ultimately a vast number of self-publishers or so-called “citizen” content publishers. It is deemed desirable to find a way for such vast numbers of content publishers to transmit their programs to the home TV, and to enable home TV viewers to find something of interest for viewing among the vast numbers of new programs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, a method for converting, navigating and displaying video content via a video-on-demand (VOD) platform of a digital TV service provider comprises: 
     (a) uploading video content in a digital video format via an online network to a Web-based content management server of the VOD platform of the digital TV service provider, along with a title and a hierarchical addressing tag of hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories for categorizing the title for the video content; 
     (b) converting the content uploaded to the Web-based content management server into a standard TV digital format and storing a “local instance” thereof at a video ID (VID) address in a video content database of the VOD platform, wherein the VID address is linked to the metadata title for the video content; 
     (c) listing the title of the video content in an electronic program guide of the VOD platform following the same hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories as the hierarchical addressing tag of the video content; 
     (d) providing a TV subscriber, having a TV-connected set-top box addressable by the digital TV service provider, with access to the electronic program guide for navigating through the hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories therein in order to find the title of the video content; and 
     (e) upon the subscriber selecting, via a remote control unit in communication with the set-top box, the title of the video content from the hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories of the electronic program guide, then transmitting a return request for the selected title to the VOD platform for retrieving the video content stored at the linked VID address in the video content database of the VOD platform, and transmitting the video content to the subscriber&#39;s set-top box for display on the subscriber&#39;s TV. 
     By the method of the present invention, video content can be published for viewing on home TV with any digital TV service provider by uploading from any node or publishing site on the Internet to the provider&#39;s Web-based content management server. The title of the program becomes automatically listed in the electronic program guide (EPG) following the same hierarchical categorization addressing indicated by the publisher of the content. Typically, the publisher will select the categories and subcategories for categorizing the title of the video content from a standard categorization hierarchy used by the digital television service provider for listing titles to be offered on its VOD platform. With this method, vast numbers of content publishers anywhere on the Internet can upload their programs to digital television service providers for viewing on the home TV, and home TV viewers can readily find something of interest for viewing among the vast numbers of new programs by navigating through the hierarchical addressing scheme of the provider&#39;s EPG. 
     In particular, the invention method provides a convenient and substantially automatic vehicle for bringing large numbers of new blogging and podcasting-like programs to TV viewing. Such a blogging or podcasting-like program is typically presented in the video content by a “host” or “celebrity” who has been identified, or can be voted on by viewers, as a popular “Host”. The Host acts as a filter, reviewer, rater, and/or analyst to bring information of value to viewers from the plethora of content populating the viewing landscape. The Host can also serve to link the viewer to other Host programs or other VOD-listed programs, for example, by on-screen directing of the viewer to a menu of options selectable by corresponding option keys on the remote control unit. As an added feature, the EPG can be configured to enable a viewer to store bookmarks for desired VOD-listed TV programs for viewing again or with friends. The viewer&#39;s bookmarks can also be shared with other subscribers via an on-screen Contact List maintained for each viewer, and/or shared with others online by the provider enabling transmission of the bookmark data from the VOD platform to the viewer&#39;s email address or other online address. 
     The capability for Internet uploading and automatic listing in any VOD EPG opens VOD programming to a greatly expanded field of non-studio TV program publishers. The digital TV service provider can charge program placement fees that are paid by the publisher, advertiser, and/or sponsor. With future expansion of VOD “channel” capacity, the system can be opened to “citizen” publishers and paid for by program advertisers or sponsors and/or by viewer “Premium (VOD) Services” fees. 
     The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is a diagram of an overall architecture for a VOD Content Delivery System in accordance with the present invention,  FIG. 1B  shows an example of templatized Drill-Down Ad navigation, and  FIG. 1C  shows an example of the templatized ad display model. 
         FIG. 2A  is a process flow diagram of the overall architecture of a Classified Ad application for the VOD Content Delivery System,  FIG. 2B  illustrates a Content Management Website for the Classified Ad application,  FIG. 2C  illustrates a Content Screening Component of the system, and  FIG. 2D  illustrates a Content Feed and Conversion Components of the system. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of a VOD Content Delivery System adapted to Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) system. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a process flow for enabling content publishers on the Internet to upload video content to digital television service providers for viewing on the home TV. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating an example of a blogging or podcasting-like program presented by a “Host” with layered topics and links to other programs. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating the logic flow for using an EPG to enable a viewer to store TV bookmarks for desired VOD-listed TV programs. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating an example of sharing TV bookmarks with other TV subscribers via an on-screen Contact List maintained for the viewer. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating an example of sharing TV bookmarks with others on the Internet by transmission of bookmark data to the viewer&#39;s email address. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
     The following description describes one preferred embodiment for implementation of the invention in which the digital television service provider is one employing cable TV infrastructure. However, it is to be understood that the principles of the invention are equally applicable to other types of digital television service providers offering digital TV services over other broadband connections such as DSL telephone lines, local area broadband networks, and wireless broadband networks. Similarly, certain examples of VOD applications are described herein, e.g., advertisements that are navigated in “drill-down” fashion, and the uploading of consumer-generated classified ads to be viewed as TV classified ads. However, many other types of video content may be used in programming with this system. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A , an overall system architecture for a VOD content delivery system includes a VOD Application Server  10  located at a Cable Head End. The VOD Application Server  10  manages a Database  11  of templates and video content segments from Video Server  12  for generating templatized VOD content. The VOD content is generated in response to a viewer request signal transmitted from the Digital Set Top Box  21  of a viewer&#39;s TV equipment through the Digital Cable Television System  13  to the VOD Application Server  10  at the Cable Head End. The VOD Application Server  10  may be of the type which enables any compatibly-developed VOD applications to be loaded on and operated on the server. An example of such a VOD Application Server is the Navic N-Band™ server, offered by Navic Systems, Inc., d/b/a Navic Networks, of Needham, Mass. This is an integrated system which provides an application development platform for third party application developers to develop new VOD service applications, viewer interfaces, and ancillary interactive services for deployment on VOD channels of CATV operators in cable service areas throughout the U.S. A detailed description of the Navic N-Band system is contained in U.S. Patent Application 2002/066,106, filed on May 30, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Templates for displaying VOD content are created at an Application Data Center  30  and stored in the Database  11  for use by the operative VOD application. The templates may be designed, for example, to present video ad content displays in a logo frame, or to provide navigation buttons and viewer selection options in a frame around currently displayed video content. In the preferred embodiment described in greater detail below, the templates are used to provide navigation aids in a series of progressively more focused ad display types. A Video Content Encoder  31  is used to encode raw video feeds into formatted video content segments compatible with the VOD platform and supply them through a Video Content Distribution Network  14  to the Video Server  12 . 
     In operation, the VOD Application Server  10  operates a VOD application for the CATV system, for example, “automobile infomercials on demand”. The viewer sends a request for selected VOD content, such as to see an infomercial on a specific model type made by a specific auto manufacturer, by actuating a viewer request signal by a key press on the viewer&#39;s remote control unit transmitting an IR signal to the Set Top Box  21  that is sent on a back channel of the Digital Cable Television System  13  to the VOD Application Server  10  at the Cable Head End. In response to the signal, the VOD Application Server  10  determines the VOD content being requested and retrieves the infomercial ad display template from the Template Database  11  and video content segment from the Video Server  12 , in order to generate the corresponding templatized VOD content. In the invention, the templates are of different types ordered in a hierarchy, and display of content in a template of a higher order includes links the viewer can select to content of a lower order in the hierarchy. Upon selecting a link using the remote control, the VOD Application Server  10  retrieves the template and video content of lower order and displays it to the viewer. Each successive templatized display may have further links to successively lower levels of content in the hierarchy, such that the viewer can use the series of linked templatized VOD displays as a “drill-down navigation” method to find specific end content of interest. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1B , a preferred embodiment of the templatized VOD content delivery system is shown providing a User Interface using Drill-Down Navigation through display ads, such as for automobile infomercials. When the viewer selects a VOD application (channel), such as “Wheels-On-Demand”, the viewer&#39;s TV displays a Main Menu with buttons inviting the viewer to “Select Category”. The viewer can select an “Auto” category, and the TV then displays an “Auto” menu with buttons inviting the viewer to “Select Make”, such as Make A, Make B, etc. When the viewer makes a selection, such as Make A, the viewer&#39;s TV displays a further menu that is a Gateway into templatized VOD content delivery which enables Drill-Down Navigation by templatized display ads. Through the Gateway, the VOD Application leaves the Menu mode and enters the Drill Down Navigation mode for successively displays of hierarchically-ordered video content which allow the viewer to navigate to progressively more focused content. In this example, the highest level of the hierarchy includes categories for Model, Local Dealer, Sales Events, and/or Inventory. When the viewer selects a category such as “Model” from the Gateway, for example, the VOD Application creates a templatized ad display showing video content generic to all models by that automaker framed in a frame which has links (buttons or choices) for a list of the specific models made by that automaker. When the viewer selects the link to a specific model, “Model A” for example, the VOD Application creates a templatized ad display showing video content for Model A, and the viewer can then choose to run a long-form infomercial of the Model A video. Alternatively, the Drill-Down Navigation can continue with further levels of specificity, such as “Custom Packages”, “Options”, “Colors/Stylings”, etc. Similarly, the selection of the “Local Dealer” category from the Gateway can bring up a templatized ad for local dealers with links to specific local dealers in the viewer&#39;s cable service area, and a click on a specific “Dealer A” can bring up a templatized ad for Dealer A with further links to more specific content pertaining to Dealer A, such as “Current Sales Promotions”, etc. 
     In this manner, the templatized VOD content delivery system allows the viewer to navigate to specific content of high interest to the viewer using the Drill-Down ads as a navigation tool, while at the same time having a unique visual experience of moving through a series of ads mirroring the viewer&#39;s path to the subject of interest. The templatized VOD ads are generated dynamically by searching the Content/Template database with each request by a viewer, enabling the system to display updated navigation choices and content simply by updating the database with updated links and video content. For example, if the Auto Maker changes the Model types of autos currently available, or if Local Dealer A changes its current sales promotions for autos currently available, that advertiser&#39;s ads can be updated with new, template frame navigation links and content, instead of entirely new ads or screen displays having to be shot, produced, contracted, delivered, and programmed with the cable TV company. Many other types of layered or indepth ads, subjects, and interactive TV applications can be enabled with the use of the Drill-Down Navigation method. The selections or preferences exhibited by viewer navigation paths through the Drill-Down Navigation can also be tracked, profiled, and/or targeted as feedback data to advertisers for fine-tuning Drill-Down Navigation designs. 
     In  FIG. 1C , an example illustrates how a templatized VOD display is generated in layers. A Background screen provides a basic color, logo, or graphical theme to the display. A selected Template (display frame) appropriate to the navigation level the intended display resides on is layered on the Background. The Template typically has a frame in which defined areas are reserved for text, display image(s), and navigation links (buttons). Finally, the desired content constituted by associated Text, Image &amp; Buttons is retrieved from the database and layered on the Template. The resulting screen display shows the combined background logo or theme, navigation frame, and text, video images, and buttons 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1A , a Tracking System  15  of conventional type can be installed at the Cable Head End to aggregate non-personal data on what channels and programs viewers watch. For the Drill Down Navigation method, the Tracking System  15  can include tracking of the navigation paths viewers use to find subjects of interest in a VOD Application. The aggregation of viewer navigation data can indicate what subjects are most popular, whether some subjects are of greater interest to viewers at certain times of day, of certain demographics, or in relation to certain products or services. The VOD Application Server  10  can export the aggregated viewer navigation data to an external Profiling System  16 , such as a non-biased or unrelated firm applying profile analysis methods. The results of the Profiling System  16  can be communicated to a Targeting System  17 , such as a template design firm or content production company, to fine-tune the presentation of the templatized VOD content consistent with viewer preferences or interests. The feedback from the Targeting System can be supplied as feedback to the VOD Application Server to modify the Content/Template Database  11 . 
     Another application for the templatized VOD content delivery system can be developed to support video advertisements which link national to local market ad campaigns in “drill-down” fashion. Advertisers, both national and local, can pay for placement of their video advertisements on the system. When the VOD Application is run, the national ads are displayed as a Gateway to linking to the local market ads. In this manner, national ads can be used to transition viewers from general interest in a product to finding specific information about the product available locally. 
     The templatized VOD content delivery system can also support “traffic building” videos, including music videos, that may not generate direct revenue. Once a video is encoded and registered into the system, the management and distribution of the video is conducted through software systems and automated controls. The User Interface provides the user with the ability to navigate and find desired video content. Selection of a category presents the user with a list of video titles available for playback. Categories and title lists can be generated using real-time database queries, allowing for database-driven management of content within the User Interface. The User Interface can also support a search interface which allows the user to search the video content database to generate a list of video titles with specific characteristics. 
     As another aspect of the present invention, a VOD content delivery system may be adapted to offer consumer-generated classified ads on TV. The VOD content delivery system is provided with a Content Management frontend to receive consumer input and convert it to video display ads maintained in the system database. Referring to  FIG. 2A , a system for managing, converting and displaying individual consumer-generated ads on a VOD content delivery system has a Web-based Content Management System  40  for enabling an individual user to upload content from their computer via a web browser to display a consumer-generated video ad on TV. The uploaded content includes meta data for classifying the video ad by title and topical area(s). A Content Screening System  41  is used for screening the content input by the individual user, such as by performing automatic searching for objectionable text, audio, video and/or images and rejecting the content if found objectionable. 
     A Content Feed System  42  is used to automatically transfer consumer-generated content screened through the Content Screening System  41  to a Content Conversion System  43 . This system automatically converts the consumer-generated content supplied by the Content Feed System  42  into video display format compatible with the VOD content delivery system. The converted video ad is indexed by title and classified topical areas according to the meta data supplied by the user, in accordance with the indexing system maintained by the Content Management System. The VOD Content Delivery System  44  operates a Classified Ads VOD Application in which menus for finding classified ads are navigated by viewers, and specific classified ads are delivered through the Digital Cable Television System for display as video ads on the viewer&#39;s TV equipment in response to viewer request input by remote control to the Digital Set Top Box  21 , as described previously with respect to the operation of the general VOD platform. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2B , the Web-based Content Management System  40  includes a plurality of functional components to allow consumers to create and manage their own classified ads as interactive television content, as well as pay for the distribution of their content within the digital cable television system. A Classified Management Application  50  is used to receive consumer-input content, have it screened (by the Content Screening System  41 , not shown), and store it in the Classified Metadata, Image and Video Database  51 . Consumer payment for running video ads is handled by the Transaction Processing Component  53 . Also included in the Content Management System is an Account Management Component  55  and Account &amp; Permissions Database  56  for management of user accounts for use of the web-based TV Classified Ads system. A Bulletin Board Ads application may be operated in parallel with the TV Classified Ads application. A Bulletin Board Management Application  54  and Database  57  enable the creation and management of consumer-generated content relating to public announcements and other items of general interest for groups, organizations or topics. The preferred VOD Content Delivery System uses templatized VOD content, and a Template Library  58  is used to store templates for both the Classified Ads and Bulletin Board Ads applications. 
     The Account Management Component controls the access by persons to the web-based Content Management System. The Account Management Component identifies persons accessing the system for the first time and allows these persons to register and create an account by providing an account name, password, credit card information and other information required for the payment of fees. The Account Management Component controls the access by registered users to their accounts and manages the privileges and security associated to all accounts. Persons may create accounts for the creation and management of Classified Ads. Accounts capable of accessing the Bulletin Board Management Application may also be assigned by a system administrator in the Account Management Component. Any account capable of accessing the Bulletin Board application can then create and manage bulletin board ads for the assigned bulletin boards. 
     The Classified Content Management System enables users to upload text, audio, video, and/or image files for classified ads in industry-standard file formats and have it converted into video display ads compatible with the VOD Content Delivery System. Classified ads are searched on the viewer&#39;s TV equipment by menus and lists indexed by title and topical areas corresponding to the metadata associated with the classified ads content. Selection of a listed item results in the display of a TV display ad containing uploaded text, images, video and/or audio. Users pay listing fees to the operator of the system for maintaining and displaying the classified ads on the digital cable television system. 
     Significant features of the Classified Ads Content Management System include: (a) the ability to enter descriptive data and text regarding the item; (b) uploading digital images of the item to the Content Management System; (c) uploading digital video of the item to the Content Management System; (d) uploading digital audio regarding the item to the Content Management System; (e) automated size and resolution processing of digital images uploaded to the system; (f) automated digital format conversion of digital video uploaded to the system; (g) automated digital format conversion of digital audio uploaded to the system; (h) ability for users to select an interactive television screen design (template) from a catalog of available templates; (i) ability to view on a web browser the interactive television template containing the consumer-provided content; (j) ability to save classified content in persistent memory or storage for subsequent modification; (k) ability to mark classified content as completed and ready for submission to the interactive television system; (l) ability to specify the date and time when a classified content item is to become accessible by users of the interactive television system and the data and time when a classified content item is to be removed from display on the interactive television system; (m) ability to notify the user through email or other communication system that a specific content item is scheduled to be displayed or removed from the interactive television system; (n) ability to modify and resubmit previously created classified content for display on the interactive television system; (o) ability to access viewing data generated by the Tracking System regarding access and use of specific consumer-generated content by users of the interactive television system; and (p) ability to calculate fees for classified content and submit payment of the fees using the Transaction Processing system. 
     As noted in (i) above, the Classified Content Management System allows the user to view the content they have composed using the templates. The templates are designed specifically for use on interactive television systems and the user is able to view on the web-interface their content as composed for presentation on television. As noted in (j) above, the Classified Content Management System allows the persistent storage of classified content; although the user is composing interactive television pages using a template system, the content is persistently stored as individual elements to simplify changes by the user and to allow the conversion of the content to different formats as required by different interactive television systems. 
     The Bulletin Board Content Management System provides the users of the web-based Content Management System with content creation and content management tools for the creation and maintenance of consumer-generated content related to announcements and other informational items of general interest. Bulletin Board content is displayed on the interactive television system as dedicated interactive television screens (bulletin boards), where approved groups, organizations or topics are each assigned a bulletin board for the display of their information. Bulletin Board content is displayed as list items organized within a bulletin board; selection of a list item results in the display of an interactive television screen containing or providing access to the descriptive data, text, images, video and audio regarding the item. 
     An alternative implementation of a Bulletin Board can display the content as scrolling text, where the user scrolls through the text, or the text scrolls automatically. Bulletin Board accounts will pay fees determined by the operator of the system for the distribution of the bulletin board content on the interactive television system for display on the digital cable television system. Significant features of the Bulletin Board Content Management System include: (a) the ability to enter descriptive data and text regarding the item; (b) upload digital images to the content management; (c) upload digital video to the content management system; (d) upload digital audio to the content management system; (e) automated size and resolution processing of digital images uploaded to the system; (f) automated digital format conversion of digital video uploaded to the system; (g) automated digital format conversion of digital audio uploaded to the system; (h) ability for users to select an interactive television screen design (template) from a catalog of available templates; (i) ability to view on a web browser the interactive television template containing the consumer-provided bulletin board content; (j) ability to save bulletin board content in persistent memory or storage for subsequent modification; (k) ability to mark bulletin board content as completed and ready for submission to the interactive television system; (l) ability to specify the date and time when specific bulletin board content is to become accessible by users of the interactive television system and the data and time when specific bulletin board content is to be removed from display on the interactive television system; (m) ability to notify the user through email or other communication system that specific bulletin board content is scheduled to be displayed or removed from the interactive television system; (n) ability to modify and resubmit previously created bulletin board content for display on the interactive television system; (o) ability to access viewing data generated by the Tracking System regarding access and use of specific bulletin board content by users of the interactive television system; and (p) ability to calculate fees for bulletin board content and submit payment of the fees in conjunction with the Transaction Processing component. 
     The Transaction Processing component allows users of the Classified Content Management System and Bulletin Board Content Management System to determine and pay for any fees resulting from their use of these systems. The Transaction Processing component will allow users to pay for fees using credit cards or other supported payment methods. Significant features of the Transaction Processing component include: (a) ability to maintain business rules for use by the Transaction Processing system to determine fees based on user type and content type; (b) ability to maintain business rules for one or more payment methods for use by the Transaction Processing system in handling the settlement of fees; (c) ability to maintain business rules for user account and payment settlement conditions such as delinquency and lack-of-credit for use by the Transaction Processing system in determining user account privileges and content status; and, (d) ability to process payment of fees in real-time for payment methods that support real-time settlement. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2C , the Content Screening System ( 41 ) is comprised of a Text Screening Application  60  which searches for objectionable words or phrases, an Image Screening Application  61  which searches for objectionable graphic images, a Video Screening Application  62  which searches for objectionable images or audio words or phrases in video segments, and an Audio Screening Application  63  which searches for objectionable words or phrases in audio segments. The Content Screening System can be used for both Classified Ads content and Bulletin Board content. Content that has been screened by the Content Screening System is then transferred to the aforementioned Classified Ads Database  51  or the Bulletin Board Content Database  57 . The system also has component  64  for Editorial and Customer Service Functions for Classified Ads, and component  65  similarly for Bulletin Board content. These can each include an Email Function to send confirmations of input, reasons for rejection of posting, suggested corrections, further processing, and posting of content to consumers using the system. 
     Significant features of the Content Screening System include: (a) ability to maintain a library of objectionable or illegal words and phrases for use in the screening of text; (b) ability to perform automated analysis of user content text using the text library as an input and alert system administration personnel to the use of objectionable or illegal content and the use of unknown and suspect words or phrases; (c) ability to maintain a library of objectionable or illegal image elements for use in the screening of images; (d) ability to perform automated image recognition analysis against user content images using the library of image elements as an input and alert system administration personnel to the use of objectionable or illegal content; (e) ability to maintain a library of objectionable or illegal image elements for use in the screening of video; (f) ability to perform automated image recognition analysis against user content video using the library of image elements as an input and alert system administration personnel to the use of objectionable or illegal content; (g) ability to maintain a library of objectionable or illegal audio elements for use in the screening of audio; (h) ability to perform automated audio analysis against user content audio using the library of audio elements as an input and alert system administration personnel to the use of objectionable or illegal content; and (i) ability to save screened content in persistent memory or storage for subsequent processing. Content Screening is automatically performed with the Content Management System  40  during the user process of submitting and/or creating consumer-generated content or may be performed as a process subsequent to the creation of content by the user. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2D , the Content Feed System  42  and the Content Conversion System  43  provide for the transfer of user content from the Content Screening System and conversion to video content format compatible with the VOD Content Delivery System  44 . The Content Feed System  42  has a Content Selection/Date Filtering Application which selects consumer-generated content uploaded to the system that is within the dates contracted for posting and display of the content as Classified Ads or on Bulletin Boards. Content within the active date range is transferred to the Active Classified Ads Database  71 A or the Active Bulletin Board Database  71 B. 
     The Content Conversion System receives consumer-generated content in industry-standard formats or created in viewable format (HTML) on the web-based input system and converts the content into formats compatible with the VOD Content Delivery System and for display on viewers&#39; televisions. The Content Conversion System  43  has an Image Conversion Application  72  which converts consumer-uploaded image files (in industry-standard formats such as JPEG, GIF, TIFF, BMP, PDF, PPT, etc.) into VOD content format, a Video Conversion Application  73  which converts consumer-uploaded video files into VOD content format, and an Audio Conversion Application  74  which converts consumer-uploaded audio files into VOD content format. Content converted to VOD content format is stored in the Active Converted Classified Ads Database  75 A or the Active Converted Bulletin Board Database  75 B. The content is subject to a further Production Push Function  76 A,  76 B and stored in the Production Classified Ads Database  77 A or the Production Bulletin Board Database  77 B, if any presentation formatting, date stamping, template framing, or other system editing is required by the system. 
     Significant features of the Content Feed System include: (a) ability to select user content for submission to the Content Conversion System through the testing of appropriate parameters including the date and time information contained in the user content; (b) ability to appropriately package the elements of the user content to permit the efficient transfer of these content elements to the Content Conversion System through an Application Program Interface or other interface; (c) ability to create, maintain and execute a schedule for when the Content Feed System will execute on an automatic basis for the automatic transfer of consumer-generated content to the Content Conversion System; and, (d) ability to execute the functions of the Content Feed System on a manual basis in the presence or absence of a schedule. The Content Feed System may be able to package and distribute content to single or multiple Content Conversion Systems. 
     Significant features of the Content Conversion system include: (a) ability to receive content packages delivered by the Content Feed System through an Application Program Interface or other interface; (b) ability to process the elements of consumer-generated content into data, text, graphic, video and audio elements that are compatible with the interactive television system and maintain the content presentation created by the user on the web-based Content Management System; (c) ability to save reformatted content in persistent memory or storage for subsequent distribution and use by the interactive television system; and, (d) ability to inform the interactive television system that consumer-generated content is available for distribution and use. The Content Conversion System may be added as a component system of the VOD Content Delivery System, or it may be implemented as a wholly separate system that connects to the VOD Content Delivery System through an Application Program Interface or other interface. When implemented as a system that is separate from the VOD Content Delivery System, it is possible to support multiple, different interactive television systems by either (a) incorporating multiple formatting requirements into a single instance of the Content Conversion System or (b) creating multiple Content Conversion Systems, each supporting the formatting requirements for a specific interactive television system. Either implementation allows for a single instance of consumer-generated content that is created and maintained using the web-based Content Management System to be distributed and displayed on multiple, different interactive television systems with different formatting requirements. 
     The VOD Content Delivery System  44 , as described previously, provides for the distribution of screened, converted, properly formatted consumer-generated content to viewers&#39; televisions, typically through the use of digital set-top boxes connected to a digital cable television system capable of supporting real-time two-way data transfer between the set-top box and the Cable Head End. Significant features of the VOD Content Delivery System include: (a) ability to receive properly formatted content from the Content Conversion System; (b) ability to distribute said content over a digital cable television system and display this content on television as an interactive television presentation; (c) ability to receive user commands generated by an infrared remote control device, keyboard or other device; (d) ability to respond to the user commands by displaying appropriate content or executing desired functionality; and, (e) ability to generate and collect data regarding the user sessions and the viewing data regarding consumer-generated content on the interactive television system and make this data accessible to the Tracking System. The VOD Content Delivery System can employ templatized VOD content delivery, as described previously with respect to  FIG. 1A , enabling use of the Drill Down Navigation method in which viewers can navigate visually through classified ad hierarchical categories to specific titles or content. 
     The VOD Content Delivery System for the Classified Ads application can also employ the Tracking System  15  for the collection and consolidation of viewing data generated by the interactive television system and the generation of reports against this viewing data. For example, the Tracking System can track the number of viewer requests for viewing that a classified ad received in a given period and calculate billing charges accordingly. The Tracking System can make this information available to users of the Content Management System as well as to system administrative personnel performing general analysis of interactive television services and associated content. Significant features of the Tracking System include: (a) ability to access and process the data generated by the Classified Ads application; (b) ability to form summaries of the viewing data against desired parameters; (c) ability to save data, summaries and reports in persistent memory or storage for subsequent modification or access; (d) ability to make data, summaries and reports accessible by users of the web-based Content Management System, restricting the data accessible by any specific user to data regarding the content created by that user account on the Content Management System; and, (e) ability to make data, summaries and reports accessible by to system administration personnel. 
     As another aspect of the present invention, implementation of a VOD content delivery system can be made on any digital television system that supports real-time two-way data transfer and interactivity between the digital Set Top Box and application servers and VOD servers located at headends or other service points within the television system network. An alternative digital television system of increasing importance in the marketplace is Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). IPTV is a system for delivering video content, both broadcast and Video on Demand, to digital set top boxes and other devices. IPTV and digital cable both transmit digital video in packetized data streams within closed, proprietary broadband systems; however, IPTV uses Internet Protocol (IP) to structure, route and deliver the digital video packets within an IPTV system. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , an alternative implementation for a VOD content delivery system is illustrated for an IPTV system. The components of the VOD content delivery system listed in the figure are similar to those in  FIG. 1A . However,  FIG. 3  illustrates the terminology and network architecture of an IPTV system as used for the purposes of this invention. The VOD Application Server  10 , Content/Template Database  11 , Video Server  12  and Tracking System  15  are located in the IPTV Service Node; the IPTV Service Node is equivalent to the Cable Headend in  FIG. 1A . Systems external to the IPTV Service Node such as the Application Data Center  30 , Profiling System  16 , Targeting System  17  and Video Content Distribution Network  14  connect to their associated VOD Content Delivery System components housed within the IPTV Service Node in manners similar to those used in a digital cable system implementation. IPTV systems can use multiple network technologies within their closed, proprietary broadband network. Core and Access Network  78  are high-bandwidth networks connecting IPTV Service Nodes in order to support the central transport of video streams. The Core and Access Network  78  feed the Customer Access Network  79 , which supports the physical network connection into the customer premise and connects to the IPTV Digital Set Top Box  80 . The combination of the Core and Access Network  78  and Customer Access Network  79  is the functional equivalent of the Digital Cable Television System  13  in  FIG. 1A . 
     In operation, the VOD Content Delivery System implementation for IPTV is identical to the digital cable implementation. The VOD Application Server  10  operates a VOD application for the IPTV system, for example, “automobile infomercials on demand”. The viewer sends a request for selected VOD content, such as to see an infomercial on a specific model type made by a specific auto manufacturer, by actuating a viewer request signal by a key press on the viewer&#39;s remote control unit transmitting an IR signal to the IPTV Digital Set Top Box  80  that is sent on as IP-encapsulated message through the IPTV System to the VOD Application Server  10  at the IPTV Service Node. In response to the signal, the VOD Application Server  10  determines the VOD content being requested and retrieves the infomercial ad display template from the Template Database  11  and video content segment from the Video Server  12 , in order to generate the corresponding templatized VOD content. In the invention, the templates are of different types ordered in a hierarchy, and display of content in a template of a higher order includes links the viewer can select to content of a lower order in the hierarchy. Upon selecting a link using the remote control, the VOD Application Server  10  retrieves the template and video content of lower order and displays it to the viewer. Each successive templatized display may have further links to successively lower levels of content in the hierarchy, such that the viewer can use the series of linked templatized VOD displays as a “drill-down navigation” method to find specific end content of interest. 
     Similarly, all previously mentioned adaptations of the VOD Content Delivery System implementation for digital cable, such as Classified Ads and Bulletin Boards, are supported identically on IPTV implementations. 
     Wide Ranging Content Uploadable Via Internet to Digital TV VOD Platform 
     In the foregoing description, the uploading, management, conversion, and display of content uploaded from the Internet for viewing on a VOD platform was described for an embodiment in which consumer-generated classified ads and other TV-displayable information of interest are uploaded via Internet for conversion and display as video programs on cable TV infrastructure. Even further, the principles of the invention are applicable to a wide range of other content uploadable on the Internet and to other types of digital television service providers such as DSL telephone lines, local area broadband networks, and wireless broadband networks. In the following description, another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described with respect to uploading wide ranging content via Internet for viewing on the VOD platforms of any type of digital TV system. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , informational/media content from any Content Source can be uploaded via Internet to a Digital TV System for placement on its Video-on-Demand (VOD) Platform to be viewable as TV programs on Viewers&#39; TVs by selection from an Electronic Program Guide (EPG) transmitted via the viewer&#39;s Set Top Box for display on the TV. Content is uploaded by an author or publisher to the Web-based Content Management System  40 , which processes the content through a Content Feed System  42  and Content Conversion System  43  (from standard digital data formats to TV video format) to the VOD Content Delivery System  44  where it is stored in its associated Video Content Database  45  for retrieval upon viewer request. Uploaded TV programs are offered to viewers by listing them on the EPG, and upon viewer selection via the Set Top Box, are delivered via the Digital TV System infrastructure. 
     For VOD platforms, an EPG is typically presented to viewers as a program guide displayed on the TV for finding a title of interest associated with that particular VOD channel. The EPG display typically starts with a top level menu offering broad categories of content, e.g., Movies, Documentaries, TV Shows, News, Sports, Community Events, Self-Help, Infomercials, etc. The viewer can cursor through the categories and select a category by moving the cursor to a desired category title, such as “News”, and clicking the “Select” key on the remote control unit. The EPG then brings up the next display of subcategories available in the selected category. For the “News” category, it might display subcategories of “ABC”, “NBC”, “CBS”, “CNN”, “MSNBC”, “Anywhere Reports”, etc. Upon selecting “Anywhere Reports”, the EPG would then display the next level of subcategories down, e.g., “San Francisco”, “Los Angeles”, “Denver”, “Dallas”, “Chicago”, “Boston”, “New York”, “D.C.”, etc. This sequence continues until the viewer selects a program title or exits the EPG. 
     The EPGs for VOD “channels” thus use program guide displays on the TV which are in a structured hierarchy to allow the viewer to navigate to a program title of interest. Upon selecting the title, a data return associated with that title is sent from the set-top box as a request to the VOD platform for the program associated with that title. The EPG database of the VOD platform maintains an index linking the program titles to the addresses in the VOD Content Database  45  where the respective programs are stored. Upon receiving a request of a program title from the set-top box, the VOD Content Delivery System  40  retrieves the corresponding video content from the Database and transmits it on its broadband network to the set-top box that sent the request. Advanced VOD platforms also have VCR or DVR-like functions that enable a viewer to Pause, Play, Rewind, Fast Forward, and Stop a program using the TV remote control unit. 
     As more and more video content is offered on VOD platforms of digital TV systems, it may be desirable to dynamically adjust the EPG displays of categories, subcategories, and titles for each viewer so as to minimize the number of remote control keypresses needed to navigate to a program title of interest. Such a system is disclosed in a concurrent continuation-in-part U.S. patent application by the same inventor, entitled “Dynamic Adjustment of Electronic Program Guide Displays Based on Viewer Preferences for Minimizing Navigation in VOD Program Selection”, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     In the present invention, the EPG hierarchical display structure used in VOD platforms is used as a form of “hierarchical addressing” that uniquely allows viewer navigation to and identifies a program title of interest. This EPG hierarchical addressing scheme can be represented as a string of category term, subcategory term(s), and title that together (as a string delimited by standard character delimiters) uniquely identifying each program offered on the EPG channel. In  FIG. 4 , for example, the EPG address for a program title on the VOD channel might be represented with a TV (EPG) address as:
         TV: /News/Anywhere Reporting/New York/Financial/“Live from NYSE by Jim Cramer”       

     The uploaded content may be of any digital media type and come from any web-based source. For the TV viewing environment, content accompanied by video images and voice and/or sound is preferred for presentation as entertainment or recreational viewing. Such content can be generated ubiquitously from any PC computer by an author or publisher using a video or webcam for images and a microphone for audio. The media streams may be edited and composed with a multimedia program, such as Microsoft Windows™ Media, Apple Quicktime™, Macromedia Flash™, and others. Similarly, the content may already be composed as a video program and posted on a website as a downloadable video program via a web link or other URL address. For example, websites like YouTube.com, Brightcove.com, and others have become very popular by offering thousands of self-published video programs by nonprofessional authors and publishers for viewing on the Internet. Such video content may also be uploaded from digital media devices such as iPod™ Video sold by Apple Computer Corp. on which it has already been downloaded from a website. It may also be uploaded from digital phone devices such as iPhone™ sold by Apple which has an on-board camera for video and microphone for sound. 
     The term “Internet” is intended to include any wide area digital network or network of networks connecting a universe of users via a common or industry-standard (TCP/IP) protocol. Users having a connection to the Internet commonly connect browsers on their computing terminal or device to websites that provide informational content via web servers. The Internet can also be connected to other networks using different data handling protocols through a gateway or system interface, such as wireless gateways using the industry-standard Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to connect Internet websites to wireless data networks. Wireless data networks are being deployed worldwide and allow users anywhere to connect to the Internet via wireless data devices. 
     The Digital TV System in  FIG. 4  can be of any type that supports video-on-demand programming to TV viewers on any suitable type of VOD platform (infrastructure). While it may be a Cable TV system as described previously, it may be any type of digital TV system providing TV services via a high-speed data connection to the viewer&#39;s TV. For example, it may be an Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) system of the type connected to home subscribers via phone DSL lines, cable or other high-speed, high-bitrate connections. As previously described with respect to  FIG. 3 , the IPTV system can support video-on-demand TV services to TV viewers on a scale that cannot be supported by Internet video websites. The Internet is not an infinitely scalable resource, and placing a burden such as high-bitrate, high definition, full-screen video streams in any significant volume can overwhelm the Internet in its present form. IPTV transmits video programs in digital format using the IP protocol, but instead of transmitting over common Internet connections, it transmits over high-speed, high-bitrate connections that are envisioned to be implemented ultimately as all-fiber optical “last mile” connection to the home. 
     In the present invention, content can be uploaded (manually or by automatic feed) via the Internet to the Web-based Content Management System  40  of a Digital TV System and automatically converted, navigated and selected/displayed on the VOD platform for viewing on home TV. Automatic navigation, selection and display is enabled by adopting the same EPG hierarchical addressing scheme used for the VOD program guide as the addressing metadata identifying content uploaded on the Internet. When an author or publisher connects to the Web-based Content Management System  40 , the author or publisher selects the category term, subcategory term(s) and title by which it is desired to find the program title in the TV EPG display hierarchy. Thus, when the above-mentioned example of a video program is uploaded, the hierarchical address for that program would be selected as:
         TV: /News/Anywhere Reporting/New York/Financial/“Live from NYSE by Jim Cramer”.
 
This hierarchical addressing metadata is associated with or tagged to the content when uploaded to the Web-based Content Management System  40 , and is carried over into the VOD/EPG navigation scheme displayed on the TV. By carrying over the hierarchical address metadata into EPG navigation, the invention allows the content to be automatically listed in the EPG under the common addressing scheme to enable viewers to find any program of interest. The hierarchical addressing string of terms resembles URL addressing commonly used on the Internet. Thus, Internet users can readily become familiar with finding TV programs on the VOD EPG guide due to its resemblance to finding web resources with a URL. Indeed, in the convergence of Internet and TV worlds, a TV EPG hierarchical address may be thought of as a URL for a TV program.
       

     The uploaded content is converted, as previously described, into a standard TV digital format, and a “local instance” thereof is stored at an assigned VID address in the Video Content Database  45  of the VOD platform. The VID address is linked to the metadata title for the video content listed in the EPG. The hierarchical address for the title is automatically carried over into the EPG navigation scheme, and can be found by a viewer cursoring (with the TV remote control) through the EPG following the same hierarchical addressing sequence. Upon the subscriber selecting, via a remote control unit in communication with the set-top box, the title of the video content from the hierarchically-arranged categories and subcategories in the EPG, a return request for the selected title is transmitted to the VOD platform for retrieving the video content at the linked VID address in the Video Content Database. The requested video program is then retrieved and transmitted by the VOD Content Delivery System  44  through the digital TV lines to the subscriber&#39;s set-top box for display on the subscriber&#39;s TV. 
     By the method of the present invention, the title and hierarchical address assigned by the publisher of the program is automatically carried over into the TV electronic program guide (EPG) following the same hierarchical addressing indicated by the publisher of the content. The publisher selects categories and subcategories for categorizing the title of the video content from the EPG categorization scheme presented by the digital television service provider for the listing of titles on one of its VOD channels. With this method, vast numbers of content publishers anywhere on the Internet can upload their programs with a minimum of conversion and handling steps by the digital television service provider. Home TV viewers can then easily use the EPG hierarchical navigation scheme to find something of interest for viewing. 
     Digital TV service providers can thus greatly expand the content viewable on the VOD platform from studio-generated programs and canned advertisements to an infinite universe of authors and publishers connected to upload viewable content to their system via the Internet. For example, local content can be created and published by people in a service area&#39;s local community—its independent filmmakers, its college students and professors, its civic leaders and others—to provide programming for TV. Providing a vehicle for “citizen content” or “citizen journalism” to be seen on TV is expected to tap into the boundless resourcefulness and creativity of the TV audience itself and enable nonprofessionals to become part of the TV content-creating process. Such citizen content creators and journalists can create content that would otherwise not rise to the level of interest for studios to create programs for them or be overlooked by larger media outlets. 
     While it may take time for the TV-viewing public to become comfortable with searching for and viewing programs from a plethora of new nonprofessional content, an intermediate stage of demand for nonprofessional content from wide new audiences are the so-called blogging or podcasting programs that have become popular on the Internet or by Internet downloading. Such programs are typically created by an author or publisher that has already achieved popular recognition through word-of-mouth or user rave reviews. The equivalent to the blogger or podcaster on the Internet is the “host” or “celebrity” on the TV. The Host provides a recognized face on TV and is relied upon by his/her audience to provide trusted commentary as a filter, reviewer, rater, and/or analyst of information of value. In the present invention, TV programs created by whole new cadres of non-studio or non-network Hosts and other “self-publishers” can be uploaded via Internet for viewing on TV. 
     Besides a single video segment, an uploaded program may instead be layered in successive hierarchies of segments that can provide viewers with a “drill-down” experience similar to the “drill-down” video ad immersion experience described previously. For example, in  FIG. 5 , a hosted video blog show has a Host in a presentation segment (topmost in hierarchy) presenting a topic, such as “Live from NYSE, by Jim Cramer”. The Host can then direct viewers to click on an on-screen menu of choices to select more detailed topical segments, for example, Key “A” for “S&amp;P 500”, Key “B” for “NASDAQ”, and Key “C” for “Commodities Markets”. Upon clicking on Key “B” for “NASDAQ”, the VOD system retrieves the video segment “/Live from NYSE by Jim Cramer/NASDAQ” and displays that video segment to the viewer. The topical segment may have other layers of subtopical segments, for example, Key “A” for “/Feature: Apple Computer”, Key “B” for “/Feature: Google”, and Key “C” for “/Feature: Microsoft”, and so on. As a preferred mode of implementation, the hierarchical video segments are presented and linked in templatized VOD displays, as previously described with respect to  FIG. 1C , with the menu of options displayed as buttons on the template frame. In the same manner, the Host can also serve to link the viewer to other Host programs or other VOD-listed programs by an on-screen menu of options selectable by keys on the remote control unit. 
     As an added feature, the above-described VOD EPG with titles categorized in the hierarchical addressing scheme of categories and subcategories can be configured to enable a viewer to store bookmarks for desired VOD-listed TV programs for viewing again or sharing with friends.  FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating the logic flow for using an EPG to enable a viewer to store TV bookmarks for desired VOD-listed TV programs. In Step  601 , the viewer selects (highlights) a video content title in the EPG to be bookmarked and enters the key for the on-screen option “Store Bookmarks”. In Step  602 , a prompt requests the viewer to enter a previously registered Personal Identification Number (PIN) identifying that user, and upon the user entering the PIN number and pressing the “Select” or “Enter” key, the VOD system checks to validate the user&#39;s PIN with the registered users for that set top box address. 
     Upon validating the user, in Step  603 , a menu of options is displayed, from which the viewer can select “Bookmark it now”. Other options include B: “Send TV Friend, C: “Related Programs”, and D: “Bibliographic Information”. Option B: “Send TV Friend is discussed further below. Option C: “Related Programs” is an option where the VOD system can suggest titles related to the one highlighted by the viewer for browsing for further interest. Option D: “Bibliographic Information” allows the viewer to read background information on the highlighted title. Upon bookmarking, in Step  604 , the VOD system confirms the bookmark by displaying the latest bookmarked title at the top of the list of bookmarked titles entered by the user. Other options are presented for the viewer to manage the list of bookmarks, such as A: “Play”, B: “Delete”, C: “Clear All”, D: “Send to Net” (described further below). 
     In order to provide functionality to share video programs with a friend, the VOD system can also enable a viewer to share bookmarks with a friend who is also a TV subscriber in the same service area of the digital TV service provider.  FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating an example of sharing TV bookmarks with other subscribers via an on-screen Contact List maintained for the viewer. In Step  603  of  FIG. 6 , the viewer can select option “B” to “Send TV Friend”, and the VOD system in Step  701  displays options for selecting the viewer&#39;s TV friends to receive bookmarks, including A: Select from directory, B: Select from Contact List returns, and C: Select Group. 
     If option “A” in Step  701  is selected, the VOD system displays in Step  702  a directory of subscriber names in that service area which can be scrolled through using an on-screen keyboard to input the beginning letters of last names. Upon the viewer entering the beginning letters of a last name, the directory jumps to the section listing those names and shows the first names or User ID names for any previously registered “User A”, “User B”, etc., for the bookmarking service. The viewer can then select the other TV subscriber the bookmark is to be sent to, and then click option A: “Send” or B: “Add to List &amp; Send”. In option “B”, the highlighted name is automatically added to the viewer&#39;s Contact List (see following). If option “B” in Step  701  was selected, the VOD system displays in Step  703  an alphabetical Contact List of subscriber names/users previously entered (or automatically added by sending) by the viewer. The viewer can highlight the friend&#39;s name/user, and click A: “Send”. Other options include B: “Delete” and C: “Add to Groups”. If option “C” in Step  701  was selected, the VOD system displays in Step  704  a listing of Groups (by number) having individual names/users previously entered by the viewer. 
     As a further TV-controlled functionality to share video programs with a friend, the VOD system can also enable a viewer to share bookmarks with other friends and contacts on the Internet. This requires traversing the boundary between the digital TV service and the Internet.  FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating an example of sharing TV bookmarks with others online by transmission of bookmark data to the viewer&#39;s email address. If the viewer selected option “D” in Step  701  of  FIG. 7 , the VOD system displays a list of previously entered email addresses entered for the subscriber household, and also an input box for a new or changed email address. Upon highlighting or entering the intended email recipient and clicking “Send” in Step  801 , the request from the viewer&#39;s set top box is returned to the Digital TV System and routed to the Web-based Content Management System  40  or other web-based server with Internet connectivity for sending the TV bookmark(s) to the indicated email address which is received and accessed on the recipient&#39;s PC or other email-enabled device. 
     Going from Internet to the TV, in Step  802 , a PC user can share TV bookmarks received by email on the PC with other contacts and friends whose email addresses are maintained in an address book or contact list on that person&#39;s email client. The PC user can also send TV bookmarks found in searching a website for program listings offered by the Digital TV System to their own Viewer Bookmarks file(s) or to those of other TV subscribers. The PC user simply logs on via Internet to the Web-based Content Management Server  40  for the Digital TV System and selects an option to send the TV bookmark(s) to the Viewer&#39;s Bookmark file(s)  604  for that person&#39;s subscriber name/user, or to the name/user of any other TV subscriber. 
     The capability for Internet uploading and automatic listing in any VOD EPG opens VOD programming in digital TV systems to greatly expanded audiences of non-studio, non-professional video authors and publishers. The new publishers also become new viewers, reviewers, commentators, and celebrities to accelerate the “network effect” of expanded viewing on TV. The digital TV service provider can charge smaller but greatly multiplied VOD program placement fees to the new audiences of non-studio, non-professional video authors and publishers. Programs that rise above the crowd due to popularity may attract advertising and sponsorships placements that provide additional revenues for the digital TV service provider and the publisher. With future expansion of VOD “channel” capacity, the system can be opened to broad masses of “citizen” publishers. Popular “blogs”, “themes”, “social networks”, or “knowledge networks” created on VOD channels may attract advertising and sponsorships to the digital TV service provider. The placement fees charged for the broad masses of other programs may be reduced or enhanced by “carve backs” funded by automatic digital ad insertions or “pre-rolls” inserted before the program and paid to the publisher. The digital TV service provider can provide value-added services to publishers justifying program placement fees or revenue-sharing of paid advertising by maintaining “dynamic accounts” for publishers tracking number of views, popularity, length of placement, paid advertising spots, carve back payments, etc. Expanded VOD viewing also can generate additional revenue streams for the digital TV service provider from viewers through gigabyte download fees or by “Premium (VOD) Services” (upper viewer tier) fees. 
     The extension of TV VOD programming to citizen publishing, and the convergence of Internet searching with sharing of TV program bookmarks, can also stimulate diverse new content publishing sources and supporting hardware and equipment in the converged Internet-TV universe. For example, TV EPGs can be exported to via Internet to Internet-connected digital devices, including digital phones, media players, game consoles, Video iPods™, PDAs, etc., and conversely, TV bookmarks selected from EPGs on the Internet can be imported back into the viewer&#39;s “MyEPG” or “MyVideoLibrary” for their TV through the Web-based Content Management System. This would enable people to freely select, save, bookmark, and share TV programs with friends and contacts between their TV viewing environment and their daily mobile or away-from-home environments. Internet-connected DVRs, such as those sold by TiVo, or virtual DVRs offered by the digital TV service provider can also connect Internet searching and bookmark sharing to the viewer&#39;s “MyEPG” or “MyVideoLibrary” for VOD program viewing. 
     In the above description, a VOD “channel” is a term commonly used for the mechanism by which users access and view VOD content. “Channel” historically refers to linear broadcast channels, and VOD by definition is a non-linear, on-demand experience. When a user accesses a VOD “channel” on a digital television system, they are accessing a digital “virtual channel”, where the tuning of the channel number triggers the digital set top box to load and execute an interactive application that is presented on the television. This application will present the categories, subcategories and titles of VOD content that is available for viewing. The user navigates through the application using the remote control, traversing the hierarchy used to organize the VOD content. When the user selects a VOD title for playback, the digital VOD content is transmitted from a VOD server to the set top box using a dedicated data stream. The actual mechanisms for transmission vary for different digital television system technologies, but in all cases the stream is unicast to the specific set top box. The set top box receives and decodes the data stream and presents the VOD content on the television. A digital television system can support many VOD “channels”, where each “channel” is an interactive application that offers VOD content that has been grouped together by topic, sponsor, content producer or other attributes. As available bandwidth increases in digital television systems, there will be an increase in quantity of the VOD “channels” available to the user, as content producers migrate from the linear broadcast format to the non-linear on-demand format. Correspondingly, as the processing power of set top boxes increases, combined with greater network bandwidth, the sophistication of the interactive applications supporting VOD “channels” will increase, offering enhanced ways for interacting with the content and the producer, as well as offer related content and materials, transactions and other methods for engaging the user more completely with the content. 
     It is understood that many modifications and variations may be devised given the above description of the principles of the invention. It is intended that all such modifications and variations be considered as within the spirit and scope of this invention, as defined in the following claims.