Patent Publication Number: US-2022223967-A1

Title: Galvanic cells and battery modules

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of international application No. PCT/EP2020/071270 filed on Jul. 28, 2020, and claims the benefit of German application No. 10 2019 211 257.9 filed on Jul. 29, 2019, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF DISCLOSURE 
     The present invention relates to galvanic cells and battery modules comprising galvanic cells. 
     Battery modules typically comprise one or more galvanic cells. Such galvanic cells are often subject to a swelling behavior that is based, among other things, on the one hand on aging effects and on the other hand on the intercalation and de-intercalation of ions in the electrodes of the galvanic cells. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Growth of galvanic cells based on the aging thereof is based, for example, on gas formation due to chemical decomposition of the electrolyte of the galvanic cells and/or on the growth of an interface layer on the electrodes of the galvanic cells, which is referred to as the “solid electrolyte interphase” (SEI). In this case, winding layers of a cell winding of a galvanic cell can become detached from one another (which is referred to as “delamination”). A detachment of the winding layers of a cell winding can be caused, for example, by growth of the winding layers in a direction parallel to a stacking direction of a battery module and/or by growth of the winding layers in a direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of a battery module. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a galvanic cell and/or a battery module comprising several galvanic cells, which have in increased service life and which are in particular easy and inexpensive to manufacture. 
     This object is achieved by the features of the independent device claim. 
     Advantageous further developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims. 
     A galvanic cell according to the invention preferably comprises the following:
         one or more cell windings;   a cell housing, which comprises a receiving space for receiving the one or more cell windings,       

     the one or more cell windings being received in the receiving space of the cell housing and the cell housing comprising or forming one or more spacer elements. 
     In particular, the cell housing in each case delimits a receiving space in which the one or more cell windings of a respective galvanic cell are received. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, the galvanic cells mentioned are in particular secondary cells. 
     The galvanic cells are thus preferably rechargeable galvanic cells. 
     In a battery module, in particular in a cell stack, a primary side of a galvanic cell and/or of a cell housing of the galvanic cell preferably faces a primary side of a further galvanic cell and/or a cell housing of the further galvanic cell. 
     A respective galvanic cell and/or a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell preferably comprises two primary sides and four secondary sides. Preferably, the two primary sides and/or two secondary sides are arranged on opposing sides of a respective galvanic cell and/or of a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     A primary side of a respective galvanic cell and/or of a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell is understood to mean, in particular, a side that has a larger surface area than the secondary sides of a respective galvanic cell and/or of a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     The galvanic cell preferably comprises one or more cell windings (“jelly rolls”). 
     For example, it is conceivable that the galvanic cell comprises two cell windings. 
     It can be favorable if the cell windings of the galvanic cell are arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     Central planes of two cell windings arranged parallel to one another are preferably arranged parallel to one another. 
     A respective cell winding of the galvanic cell preferably comprises two deflection regions in which winding layers of the respective cell winding are deflected, the winding layers having a common winding line in a respective deflection region. 
     A winding direction of a respective cell winding preferably runs perpendicular to the common winding lines of the two deflection regions of the respective cell winding. 
     A winding layer preferably comprises a plurality of layers, for example two electrode layers and two separator layers. 
     It can be favorable if electrode layers and separator layers are each arranged alternately in a winding layer. 
     A layer sequence in a winding layer of a cell winding is therefore preferably as follows: separator layer, electrode layer, separator layer, electrode layer. 
     The electrode layers preferably comprise or are formed from an electrically conductive material, for example aluminum or copper. 
     The separator layers preferably comprise or are formed from an electrically insulating material, for example polyethylene and/or polypropylene. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, specifications relating to the arrangement of winding layers of a respective cell winding of galvanic cells relate in particular to a new state of a respective cell winding and/or a respective galvanic cell. In particular, it is conceivable that, over the service life of a galvanic cell or a battery module comprising a plurality of galvanic cells, slight deviations with regard to the arrangement of the winding layers can occur due to signs of aging. 
     The winding lines of the two deflection regions of a respective cell winding are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     Cell windings of a galvanic cell are preferably formed axially symmetrically with respect to the common winding line in a deflection region. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the winding layers of the respective cell winding are arranged substantially in a semicircle in a respective deflection region in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the common winding line. 
     It can be favorable if the common winding line of winding layers of the respective cell winding forms a common central point of semicircularly arranged winding layers of the cell winding in a respective deflection region of the cell winding in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the common winding line. 
     A respective cell winding of a galvanic cell comprises, in particular, a plurality of winding layers. Winding layers of the cell winding are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     The cell winding preferably comprises a winding layer web that forms the winding layers. The winding layers are preferably formed by winding up the winding layer web. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that a single winding layer web comprises or forms all winding layers of a respective cell winding. 
     Winding layers of a respective cell winding are preferably arranged substantially parallel to a central plane of the cell winding in an intermediate region of the cell winding arranged between the two deflection regions of the cell winding. 
     It can be favorable if a cell winding comprises two deflection regions, each deflection region having a common winding line that is arranged in the central plane of the cell winding. 
     A stacking direction of a battery module preferably runs substantially perpendicular to a central plane of cell windings of the galvanic cells of the battery module. 
     It can be favorable if winding layers of a respective cell winding are arranged in the intermediate region of the cell winding substantially perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery module and/or parallel to a central plane of the cell winding. 
     In the respective deflection region of the cell winding, winding layers of the cell windings are preferably deflected, in particular by approximately 180°. 
     Cell windings of a galvanic cell of the battery module are preferably flat windings. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, a flat winding is understood to mean, in particular, a cell winding that comprises a plurality of winding layers that are deflected in two deflection regions, an intermediate region of the cell winding being arranged between the two deflection regions of the cell winding, in which intermediate region winding layers of the cell winding are arranged parallel to a central plane of the cell winding. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the cell housing of the galvanic cell comprises one or more spacer regions and a central region on a primary side of the cell housing, in particular on both primary sides of the cell housing, the one or more spacer regions protruding away from the central region perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell and in each case forming a spacer element. 
     In particular, it can be provided that the cell housing of the galvanic cell comprises one or more transition regions on one primary side, in particular on both primary sides, that are arranged between the central region and the one or more spacer regions. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the one or more spacer regions comprise a surface that is arranged substantially parallel to a surface of the central region of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell comprise two deflection regions in which winding layers of the respective cell winding are deflected, the winding layers having a common winding line in a respective deflection region, and/or that one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell comprise an intermediate region arranged between the two deflection regions. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that a cell housing wall of the cell housing of the galvanic cell rests against the cell winding in the intermediate region of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if at least approximately 70%, in particular at least approximately 90%, of a surface of an intermediate region of a respective cell winding rests completely against the central region of the cell housing wall. 
     It can also be favorable if the central region of the cell housing wall rests substantially with its entire surface on an intermediate region of a respective cell winding. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a cell housing wall of the cell housing of a respective galvanic cell is arranged in the central region substantially parallel to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that a cell housing wall of the cell housing of the galvanic cell does not rest against the cell winding in the deflection region of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     It can also be favorable if a cell housing wall of the cell housing of a respective galvanic cell does not rest against a cell winding of the galvanic cell in the one or more spacer regions and/or in the one or more transition regions. 
     Preferably, the cell housing wall of the cell housing of a respective galvanic cell is arranged in the one or more spacer regions substantially parallel to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     One or more spacer elements are formed in particular by one or more projections and/or elevations of a cell housing wall running perpendicular to the stacking direction and/or parallel to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell, which projections and/or elevations protrude away from the cell housing wall in the stacking direction of the battery module and/or perpendicular to the central plane of the cell winding. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more spacer regions are arranged on an edge region, in particular on an edge region closed in a ring shape, of a respective primary side of the cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the central region of a respective primary side is surrounded by a spacer region that is closed in a ring shape. 
     In particular, the central region forms a depression in a primary side of the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     One or more spacer elements are arranged or formed in particular in a peripheral and/or ring-shaped closed edge region of cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     The one or more spacer elements are preferably arranged or formed in an edge region of the mutually facing cell housing walls of the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells of a battery module, which cell housing walls are arranged in particular perpendicularly to the stacking direction of the battery module and/or parallel to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a cell housing of a galvanic cell is designed to be substantially symmetrical, in particular substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry arranged perpendicular to a stacking direction of a battery module and/or parallel to a central plane of a cell winding of a galvanic cell. 
     It can also be favorable if a cell housing of a galvanic cell is designed to be substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry arranged parallel to a stacking direction of a battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the cell housing of the galvanic cell is substantially concave on both primary sides. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the cell housing of the galvanic cell is substantially concave on a primary side and substantially convex on a primary side. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the cell housing of the galvanic cell comprises or is formed by a metallic material, for example aluminum. 
     The cell housing of the galvanic cell is preferably what is referred to as a “hard case” housing. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the cell housing of the galvanic cell is produced by means of a forming process, for example by deep-drawing. 
     In particular, spacer elements formed by the cell housing of the galvanic cell are produced by means of a forming process. 
     A cell housing that is produced in a forming process, for example by means of deep-drawing, has, in particular, a substantially uniform wall thickness. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the cell housing of the galvanic cell is produced by means of extrusion. 
     It can also be favorable if the cell housing of the galvanic cell is produced by means of an injection process, for example by means of an injection molding process, in particular from a plastic material. 
     A cell housing that is produced by means of extrusion or in an injection molding process can, in particular, also have an uneven wall thickness. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the cell housing of a respective galvanic cell is a plastic component, in particular a plastic injection molded component. 
     The galvanic cell according to the invention is in particular suitable for use in a battery module comprising two or more than two galvanic cells according to the invention. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are in direct contact with one another in the region of the spacer elements formed by the cell housing of the galvanic cells. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are only in direct contact with one another in some regions, in particular only in the region of the spacer elements formed by the cell housing of the galvanic cells. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, cell housings that are directly adjacent to one another are understood in particular to mean that the cell housing walls of the cell housings that are in direct contact with one another are either in direct material contact or that only an adhesive film and/or an insulation film is arranged between the two cell housings that are in direct contact with one another, which prevents direct material contact with the cell housing walls. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are designed in such a way that the cell housing walls of the two adjacent galvanic cells are arranged at a distance from one another by means of the spacer elements formed by the cell housing in an intermediate space that is closed at least in portions, preferably in a ring shape, and that is delimited by the spacer elements. 
     The cell housing walls of the two adjacent galvanic cells are preferably not in contact with one another in the intermediate space. 
     The central regions and/or the transition regions of a respective primary side of the cell housing of the two adjacent galvanic cells preferably delimit the intermediate space. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the intermediate space is formed between two adjacent galvanic cells that are substantially concave on the mutually facing primary sides of the cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the intermediate space is formed between two adjacent galvanic cells, a first of the mutually facing primary sides of the cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells being substantially concave and a second of the mutually facing primary sides of the cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells being substantially convex. 
     One embodiment of the battery module provides that one or more additional elements are arranged in the intermediate space, for example one or more compensation elements, one or more propagation protection elements, one or more sensor elements and/or one or more temperature control elements. 
     For example, it is conceivable that sensor elements arranged in the intermediate space comprise or are formed by temperature sensors, expansion sensors and/or pressure sensors. 
     For example, a propagation protection element of a battery module comprises the following:
         a phyllosilicate, in particular mica, vermiculite and/or expanded graphite;   basalt;   a ceramic material; and/or   a silicone mat having an endothermic filler.       

     A propagation protection element preferably has a thermal conductivity of at most approximately 1 W/m*K, in particular at most approximately 0.3 W/m*K, preferably at most approximately 0.1 W/m*K in a direction parallel to a stacking direction of a battery module. 
     It can be favorable if a propagation protection element has a heat resistance of at least approximately 600° C., for example a heat resistance of at least approximately 800° C. 
     By means of one or more temperature control elements arranged in the intermediate space, the galvanic cells adjacent to the intermediate space can preferably be temperature-controlled, for example cooled. 
     Heat can preferably be dissipated from the intermediate space by means of one or more temperature control elements arranged in the intermediate space. 
     The one or more temperature control elements arranged in the intermediate space are preferably designed for active temperature control of the galvanic cells adjacent to the intermediate space and/or for passive temperature control of the galvanic cells adjacent to the intermediate space. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, active temperature control is understood to mean, in particular, temperature control that is substantially based on convection, in particular on forced convection. Active temperature control is preferably implemented by a temperature control fluid flowing by means of external mechanical action, in particular by a temperature control liquid flowing by means of external mechanical action. 
     Within the scope of this description and the appended claims, passive temperature control is understood to mean, in particular, temperature control that takes place substantially by means of thermal conduction. 
     Propagation of a thermal runaway of a galvanic cell can preferably be delayed and/or prevented by means of one or more propagation protection elements arranged in the intermediate space. 
     Compensation elements are deformable, for example compressible, in a direction parallel to a stacking direction of a battery module, preferably due to an expansion of cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     A delamination of cell windings of a respective galvanic cell can preferably be limited or prevented by means of one or more compensation elements. 
     The one or more compensation elements comprise or are formed by a foam material, for example. 
     In the delivered state of a battery module, the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are preferably prestressed in the stacking direction of the battery module by means of compensation elements arranged in the intermediate space. In particular, a prestressing force can thereby be realized that preferably counteracts an expansion of the cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells, in particular due to aging. 
     One embodiment of the battery module provides that two adjacent galvanic cells are positioned or can be positioned in a unique alignment relative to one another in a stacking direction of the battery module by means of one or more spacer elements formed by the cell housing of the galvanic cells. 
     In particular, a positioning aid is formed by the spacer elements formed by the cell housing of the galvanic cells. 
     For example, it is conceivable that mutually facing cell housing walls of cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells on the primary sides of the cell housing each comprise one or more projections or elevations designed as spacer elements and recesses corresponding to the projections or elevations. 
     It can be favorable if the projections or elevations and the recesses are arranged on the primary sides of the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells such that the galvanic cells can only be positioned in one orientation relative to one another in the stacking direction of the battery module. 
     A galvanic cell according to the invention preferably comprises the following:
         one or more cell windings;   a cell housing comprising a receiving space for receiving the one or more cell windings;   one or more compensation elements,       

     the one or more cell windings being received in the receiving space of the cell housing and the one or more compensation elements being arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more compensation elements can be compressed, in particular perpendicularly to a primary side of the cell housing and/or perpendicularly to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     A swelling behavior of two adjacent galvanic cells can preferably be easily compensated for by means of the compensation elements arranged in the receiving space. 
     A plurality of galvanic cells, which comprise compensation elements arranged inside the cell housings of the galvanic cells, can thus preferably be easily installed in a stacking direction of a battery module, in particular easily clamped together. 
     A defined loading of one or more cell windings of a respective galvanic cell can preferably be implemented in any state of charge and/or in any state of aging of the galvanic cell. 
     In particular, one or more cell windings of a respective galvanic cell can be loaded independently of one or more of the following factors:
         a stiffness of a cell housing of the galvanic cell;   clamping forces acting on the cell housing of the galvanic cell, in particular clamping forces acting on the cell housing parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module;   growth of one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell.       

     A primary side of the cell housing is arranged in a battery module, which comprises a plurality of galvanic cells, preferably perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     The one or more compensation elements are preferably elastically compressible. As an alternative to this, it is conceivable for the one or more compensation elements to be plastically compressible. 
     The one or more compensation elements can preferably be used to compensate for growth of the one or more cell windings of a galvanic cell over the service life of the galvanic cell, in particular in a direction perpendicular to a primary side of the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     Preferably, by means of the one or more compensation elements arranged in the cell housing of a galvanic cell, growth of the one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell can be compensated for in such a way that, at the end of the service life of the galvanic cell, a cell housing of the galvanic cell substantially has a height in a direction perpendicular to a primary side of the cell housing, which height corresponds to the height of the cell housing of the galvanic cell in a delivered state of the galvanic cell. 
     A change in the external dimensions of the galvanic cell due to growth of cell windings of the galvanic cells can preferably be limited or prevented due to one or more compensation elements arranged inside the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that, in a delivered state of the galvanic cell, the one or more compensation elements have a thickness perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding of the galvanic cell such that the one or more compensation elements arranged inside the cell housing of the galvanic cell and the cell windings arranged inside the cell housing substantially completely fill a receiving space of the cell housing perpendicularly to the central plane of the cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     In particular, cavities inside the cell housing, in particular parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module, can be prevented by means of one or more compensation elements arranged inside a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     A delamination of cell windings of a respective galvanic cell can thus preferably be limited or prevented. 
     An optimal operating state of the galvanic cell can preferably be set over the entire service life of said galvanic cell by means of one or more compensation elements arranged inside a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more compensation elements comprise a compressible material or are formed from a compressible material. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that the compressible material is a foam material. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that one or more of the compensation elements arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing are arranged between two adjacent cell windings of the galvanic cell. 
     In particular, one or more compensation elements arranged inside the cell housing of the galvanic cell are arranged in a stacking direction between two adjacent cell windings of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that one or more of the compensation elements arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing are arranged between a cell housing wall of the cell housing and a cell winding of the galvanic cell, in particular in relation to a direction perpendicular to a central plane of the cell winding. 
     It can be favorable if one or more compensation elements arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing are arranged between a cell housing wall of a primary side of the cell housing and a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     One or more of the compensation elements arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing are arranged in particular between a cell housing wall of the cell housing extending perpendicular to a stacking direction of a battery module and a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that one or more compensation elements are arranged between the cell housing walls of two primary sides of the cell housing of the galvanic cell and one or more cell windings arranged inside the cell housing. 
     In particular, one or more compensation elements are arranged between a cell housing wall of a first primary side of the cell housing and a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     Furthermore, one or more compensation elements are preferably arranged between a cell housing wall of a second primary side of the cell housing and a cell winding of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that a compensation element arranged between two adjacent cell windings of the galvanic cells and/or a compensation element arranged between a cell housing wall of the cell housing and a cell winding of the galvanic cell has a width parallel to a winding direction of the cell winding that at least approximately corresponds to the width of an intermediate region of the cell winding. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, one or more of the compensation elements arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing are arranged inside one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell. 
     Winding layers of a respective cell winding are preferably wound around a respective compensation element. 
     By winding winding layers of a respective cell winding around a respective compensation element, it is preferably possible to prevent the winding layers from being deflected directly in the region of a common winding line. 
     In particular, a deflection radius can be enlarged by winding winding layers of a respective cell winding around a respective compensation element. 
     A deflection radius in a deflection region of a cell winding is preferably at least approximately 0.5 mm, in particular at least approximately 1 mm, for example at least 1.5 mm. 
     In this way, a service life of the galvanic cell can preferably be lengthened. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that a compensation element of the galvanic cell arranged inside a cell winding is arranged substantially parallel to a central plane of the respective cell winding. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that a compensation element of the galvanic cell arranged inside a cell winding has a width parallel to a winding direction of the cell winding that substantially corresponds to the width of an intermediate region of the cell winding. 
     A compensation element of the galvanic cell arranged inside a cell winding preferably has a width parallel to the winding direction of the cell winding that at most corresponds approximately to the width of an intermediate region of the cell winding. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that one or more compensation elements are arranged inside all cell windings of a respective galvanic cell. 
     Preferably, by means of one or more compensation elements arranged inside one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell, growth of a respective cell winding, in particular in a direction perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding, can be compensated for in such a way that, at the end of its service life, the galvanic cell substantially has a height in the direction perpendicular to a central plane of the cell winding, which height corresponds to the height of the galvanic cell in a delivered state of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the galvanic cell, it is provided that one or more of the compensation elements arranged in the receiving space of the cell housing have a height in a direction parallel to a common winding line of a cell winding, which height substantially corresponds to a height of the one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell. 
     The one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell preferably each have a substantially identical height in a direction parallel to a common winding line of a cell winding. 
     The galvanic cell according to the invention is in particular suitable for use in a battery module comprising two or more than two galvanic cells according to the invention. 
     A battery module according to the invention preferably comprises the following:
         two or more than two galvanic cells, each comprising one or more cell windings;   one or more spacer elements, in each case one or more spacer elements being arranged between two adjacent galvanic cells.       

     It can be favorable if a battery module forms an accumulator module. 
     The galvanic cells of the battery module are preferably arranged along a stacking direction. 
     Galvanic cells of the battery module arranged along a stacking direction form, in particular, a cell stack. 
     It can be favorable if the galvanic cells of the battery module are arranged in alignment with one another along the stacking direction. 
     One or more spacer elements are in each case preferably arranged between mutually facing cell windings of two galvanic cells adjacent to one another in a stacking direction. 
     The galvanic cells are preferably arranged next to one another in a stacking direction with a primary side thereof and/or with a primary side of a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     Mutually facing cell windings of two adjacent galvanic cells are preferably arranged at a distance from one another by means of one or more spacer elements, in particular in a stacking direction. 
     A predetermined distance between the two adjacent galvanic cells can preferably be adjusted by means of one or more spacer elements arranged between two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     It can be favorable if, by means of the one or more spacer elements, an expansion of a respective galvanic cell, in particular of a cell housing of the respective galvanic cell, which expansion is due to gas formation as a result of chemical decomposition of the electrolyte of the galvanic cell, can be substantially prevented and if an expansion of a respective galvanic cell, in particular of a cell housing of the respective galvanic cell, which expansion is based on growth of the one or more cell windings of the galvanic cell, is nevertheless permitted. 
     It is preferably conceivable that delamination of cell windings of the galvanic cell can be prevented due to the limitation of an expansion of a respective galvanic cell, which expansion is due to gas formation. In particular, aging of the galvanic cell can be delayed. 
     A pressure on cell windings of a respective galvanic cell of the battery module can preferably be reduced by means of the one or more spacer elements, preferably in the region of the common winding lines of two deflection regions of a cell winding. In particular, a drop in capacity of the galvanic cells of the battery module can be reduced. It can also be favorable if mechanical overstressing of the cell windings of the galvanic cells is avoided by means of the one or more spacer elements. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a respective cell winding of the galvanic cells of the battery module comprises two deflection regions in which winding layers of the respective cell winding are deflected, the winding layers having a common winding line in a respective deflection region. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements are each arranged and/or designed in such a way that, in a stacking direction of the battery module, the spacer elements can be used to avoid the introduction of force into the one or more cell windings of a respective galvanic cell, in particular in the region of a winding line of a respective deflection region of the one or more cell windings. 
     The one or more spacer elements can be used to direct a force flux in a stacking direction of the battery module in such a way that preferably no force is exerted in the stacking direction on a winding line of a respective deflection region of the one or more cell windings. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a force flows between adjacent galvanic cells in a stacking direction of the battery module exclusively or to an extent of at least approximately 75%, in particular to an extent of at least approximately 85%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, via the one or more spacer elements. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the galvanic cells are prismatic cells, in particular substantially cuboid cells. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the galvanic cells are designed according to the PHEV2 format. 
     It can be favorable if a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell is prismatic, in particular substantially cuboid. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a respective galvanic cell comprises a cell housing in which the one or more cell windings of a respective galvanic cell are arranged. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that one or more spacer elements are arranged between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     In particular, one or more spacer elements are arranged between mutually facing cell housing walls of cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     For example, provision can be made for a plurality of spacer elements to be arranged one behind the other in a stacking direction of the battery module between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     As an alternative to this, it is conceivable for only a single spacer element to be arranged between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells in a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     It can also be favorable if a plurality of spacer elements are arranged next to one another and perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that one or more spacer elements are applied, for example sprayed, onto a cell housing of one of the two adjacent galvanic cells by means of an application device. It can also be favorable if one or more spacer elements are applied to, for example sprayed onto, both cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells by means of an application device. 
     In particular, it is conceivable for spacer elements, which comprise or are formed from a plastic material, for example silicone and/or polyurethane, to be applied to the cell housing by means of the application device. 
     It is conceivable, for example, for a bump and/or knobs made of a plastic material to be applied to, for example sprayed onto, the cell housing as spacer elements by means of the application device. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that plastic material applied to the cell housing by means of the application device is applied directly or indirectly to the cell housing. 
     Plastic material applied indirectly to the cell housing is applied in particular to an insulation film that is applied directly to a cell housing wall of the respective cell housing and/or connected thereto. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that one or more spacer elements, which are arranged between cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells, are arranged on a primary side of the respective cell housing. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that one or more spacer elements arranged between two cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells each comprise or form a frame element and/or an intermediate element. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a respective frame element delimits an interior space surrounded by the frame element and the two adjacent cell housings at least in some regions, for example at least on two sides. 
     By means of a frame element of a respective spacer element, a predetermined distance can preferably be fixed between two adjacent galvanic cells, in particular on an edge region of mutually facing primary sides of the respective cell housings of the galvanic cells. 
     For example, it is conceivable that precisely one frame element is arranged between two cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     For example, it can be favorable if a respective frame element surrounds the intermediate space on at least three sides. For example, it is conceivable that a respective frame element is substantially U-shaped. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a respective frame element comprises the following:
         two supporting webs, which are arranged parallel to one another and/or parallel to a common winding line of a deflection region of a cell winding of a galvanic cell; and/or   one or more connecting webs, the two supporting webs being connected by means of the one or more connecting webs.       

     Supporting webs and/or connecting webs of a respective frame element preferably run along an edge region of a respective primary side of the two adjacent cell housings. 
     Preferably, supporting webs and/or connecting webs of the frame element do not have any sharp edges on a side of the frame element that is in contact with a cell housing. 
     In particular, it can be provided that edges of supporting webs and/or connecting webs of the frame element are rounded on a side of the frame element that rests against a cell housing. 
     Stress peaks and/or edge imprints on the cell housing can preferably be avoided. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a respective frame element is closed in a ring shape. 
     A frame element closed in a ring shape preferably comprises two supporting webs and two connecting webs. 
     The two supporting webs are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the two supporting webs and/or the one or more connecting webs have a substantially constant width transverse, in particular perpendicular, to a main direction of extent thereof. 
     As an alternative to this, it is possible for the two supporting webs and/or the one or more connecting webs to have a width that varies transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a main direction of extent thereof. 
     In particular, an inner profile of the frame element can be adapted to a swelling behavior of the two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     A main direction of extent of the two supporting webs and/or the one or more connecting webs runs, in particular, perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     A main direction of extent of the two supporting webs preferably runs parallel to a common winding line of a deflection region of a cell winding of a galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the width of the two supporting webs substantially corresponds to the width of the one or more connecting webs. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the width of the two supporting webs differs from the width of the one or more connecting webs. 
     It can be favorable, for example, if the width of the one or more connecting webs is greater by a factor of at least approximately 1.5 than the width of the two supporting webs, for example by a factor of at least approximately 2. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the width of the two supporting webs corresponds approximately to the sum of a wall thickness of a cell housing wall of a cell housing of a galvanic cell, a distance between a cell winding and the cell housing wall of the cell housing and a width of a deflection region of a cell winding. 
     The aforementioned dimensions preferably relate to a direction parallel to a winding direction of a cell winding and/or perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     A width of a deflection region of a cell winding preferably corresponds substantially to half a thickness of a cell winding parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a projection of a respective supporting web of a frame element, in particular a region of the supporting web abutting a cell housing of a galvanic cell, along the stacking direction onto a projection plane arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction is at a distance from a projection of a respective common winding line of a deflection region of a cell winding of a galvanic cell. 
     Preferably, the projection of the supporting web, in particular of the region of the supporting web abutting the cell housing, is at a distance, in particular outward, from the projection of the common winding line in a direction parallel to a winding direction. 
     The projection of the region of the supporting web that abuts the cell housing preferably does not overlap the projection of the common winding line. 
     It can also be favorable if a projection of an intermediate element along the stacking direction onto a projection plane arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction is at a distance from a projection of a respective common winding line of a deflection region of a cell winding of a galvanic cell. 
     The projection of the intermediate element is preferably at a distance, in particular inward, from the projection of the common winding line in a direction parallel to a winding direction. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the supporting webs of the frame element and/or the connecting webs of the frame element have a constant thickness in a direction parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the supporting webs of the frame element and/or the connecting webs of the frame element have a locally varying thickness in a direction parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the supporting webs and/or the connecting webs of the frame element have a first thickness in corner regions in which the supporting webs and the connecting webs are connected to one another. 
     The supporting webs and/or the connecting webs of the frame element preferably have a second thickness between two corner regions in each case. 
     The first thickness can, in particular, be greater than the second thickness, for example by a factor of 2. 
     A maximum thickness of the frame element, in particular of the supporting webs and/or the connecting webs, parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module preferably corresponds to at least approximately 5%, in particular at least approximately 7.5%, for example at least approximately 10%, of a height of a cell housing of the galvanic cell in the stacking direction. 
     If the supporting webs and/or the connecting webs of the frame element have a greater thickness in corner regions than outside the corner regions, a force can flow between adjacent galvanic cells in a stacking direction substantially via particularly rigid regions of the cell housings of the galvanic cells. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the intermediate element is arranged in the interior space. 
     It can be favorable if the intermediate element is arranged completely in the interior space. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the intermediate element fills the interior space in a direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery module to an extent of at least approximately 50%, for example to an extent of at least approximately 75%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, in particular completely. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the intermediate element is only in part arranged in the interior space. The frame element and the intermediate element preferably overlap at least in part in the stacking direction. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the intermediate element completely overlaps the frame element, with the exception of corner regions in which supporting webs and connecting webs of a frame element are connected to one another. The intermediate element preferably forms a compensation element that can be compressed parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     It can also be favorable if the spacer element does not comprise or form an intermediate element. 
     For example, it is conceivable that only gas, for example air, is arranged in the interior space. 
     It can also be favorable if one or more additional elements are arranged in the interior space, for example one or more compensation elements, one or more propagation protection elements, one or more sensor elements and/or one or more temperature control elements. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the frame element is designed in one or more parts, for example in two parts. 
     A multi-part frame element comprises, for example, a plurality of frame element parts. 
     It can be favorable if frame element parts can be connected to one another in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, for example by means of a plug-in connection. 
     By means of a plug-in connection, for example, two L-shaped frame element parts can be connected to one another in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, in particular for the production of a frame element closed in a ring shape. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the frame element comprises only two supporting webs. In each case, a supporting web preferably forms a frame element part. 
     It can also be favorable if the frame element comprises two frame element parts that are substantially T-shaped in a cross section taken perpendicularly to a common winding line of a deflection region of a cell winding of a galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that two spacer elements, in particular two frame elements, are arranged between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     A spacer element is preferably arranged on the cell housing of the two adjacent galvanic cells on opposing primary sides of a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell. 
     Parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module, a sequence is preferably as follows: spacer element, galvanic cell, spacer element, spacer element, galvanic cell, spacer element, spacer element, galvanic cell, spacer element, spacer element, galvanic cell, etc. 
     In particular, two frame elements are in each case slipped onto a galvanic cell, in particular onto the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     The two frame elements enclose the respective galvanic cell, in particular the cell housing of the galvanic cell, in each case at least approximately in a C-shape. 
     The two frame elements preferably each comprise an at least approximately C-shaped receiving portion, in which a cell housing of a galvanic cell is at least in part received parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     The two frame elements preferably each comprise two supporting webs and two connecting webs. The two frame elements are preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     In particular, it can be provided that the two frame elements preferably each comprise two or more than two, for example four, fastening projections that protrude away from the two supporting webs and/or the two connecting webs parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     In each case, one fastening projection, in particular a fastening web, preferably protrudes away from a supporting web and/or from a connecting web parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     A length of the fastening webs preferably substantially corresponds to a length of the supporting webs and/or connecting webs, in particular parallel to a main direction of extent of the supporting webs and/or connecting webs. 
     The fastening projections and/or fastening webs preferably surround a cell housing on four sides. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the frame element is connected to the intermediate element at least in some regions, in particular integrally. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the frame element is made in one piece with the intermediate element. 
     A spacer element, which comprises or forms the frame element and the intermediate element, is, for example, a one-piece injection molded component. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the intermediate element is connected to the frame element only in the region of two supporting webs of said frame element. 
     It can be favorable if the intermediate element is not connected to the frame element in the region of two connecting webs of said frame element. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the intermediate element is connected to the frame element closed in a ring shape. In particular, the intermediate element forms a cover element. 
     An intermediate element that forms a cover element has a constant thickness parallel to a stacking direction, for example. An intermediate element that forms a cover element preferably has a smaller thickness than a frame element parallel to a stacking direction. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the spacer element has material weakening in a connection region in which the frame element is integrally connected to the intermediate element. 
     As an alternative or in addition to an integral connection of the frame element and the intermediate element, it is conceivable that the frame element and the intermediate element are connected to one another in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that the frame element is not connected to the intermediate element. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the frame element and the intermediate element comprise materials that differ from one another or are formed from materials that differ from one another. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the intermediate element forms a deformable compensation element. 
     For example, it is conceivable that an intermediate element designed as a deformable compensation element comprises or is formed from a rubber material. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the compensation element can be compressed parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     An intermediate element designed as a compressible compensation element comprises in particular a compressible material, for example a foam material, or is formed therefrom. 
     The compressible material of an intermediate element designed as a compressible compensation element is, for example, elastically or plastically compressible. 
     An intermediate element designed as a compressible compensation element has, for example, a maximum thickness parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module when it is new, which thickness corresponds to a maximum thickness of the frame element. 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that an intermediate element designed as a compressible compensation element is prestressed between two adjacent cell housings parallel to the stacking direction of the battery module in the delivered state of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that an intermediate element designed as a compressible compensation element is of multi-layer design in the stacking direction. In particular, the intermediate element designed as a compensation element can be adapted to a swelling behavior of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the compensation element comprises one or more deformation elements. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the intermediate element designed as a deformable compensation element comprises one or more deformation webs, which form the deformation elements. 
     It can be favorable if a deformation web has a U-shaped or V-shaped cross section. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that a deformation web of an intermediate element designed as a deformable compensation element is connected to two connecting webs of a frame element. 
     Deformation webs of an intermediate element designed as a deformable compensation element are preferably arranged substantially parallel to the supporting webs of the frame element. 
     It can also be favorable if the intermediate element designed as a deformable compensation element comprises a plurality of deformable knobs that form the deformation elements. 
     The deformable knobs are preferably substantially circular-cylindrical. 
     The deformable knobs preferably protrude away from a base plate parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module, in particular on both sides of the base plate. 
     Individual or multiple deformable knobs preferably have a different cross-sectional shape and/or a different diameter from one another, in particular in a cross section taken perpendicularly to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     It can be favorable if the deformable knobs are arranged in a plurality of rows and/or a plurality of columns. 
     For example, it is conceivable that deformable knobs arranged in a column each have an identical cross-sectional shape and/or an identical diameter. 
     Furthermore, it is conceivable, for example, that one or more deformable knobs arranged in a row have a different cross-sectional shape and/or a different diameter from one another. 
     The intermediate element designed as a deformable compensation element can preferably be adapted to a swelling behavior of the two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     In particular, a deformation resistance of the deformable knobs can be adjusted by adjusting a diameter of said deformable knobs. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that an edge region of a spacer element, in particular an edge region that is closed in a ring shape, is of multi-layer design, the multi-layer edge region forming a frame element. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the spacer element comprises a compressible material, for example a foam material. 
     The compressible material is, for example, elastically or plastically compressible. 
     It can be favorable if the compressible material in the multi-layer edge region is consolidated by means of leveling and/or compacting. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a respective spacer element, in particular a respective frame element and/or a respective intermediate element, comprises or is formed from a metallic material, a paper material or a plastic material. 
     For example, it is conceivable that a respective spacer element, in particular a respective frame element and/or a respective intermediate element, comprises or is formed from silicone or polyurethane. 
     It can also be favorable if a respective spacer element, in particular a respective frame element and/or a respective intermediate element, comprises or is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material, for example glass-fiber-reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP). 
     Alternatively, it is conceivable that a respective spacer element, in particular a respective frame element and/or a respective intermediate element, comprises or is formed from a foam material. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a force flows between adjacent galvanic cells in a stacking direction of the battery module exclusively or to an extent of at least approximately 75%, in particular to an extent of at least approximately 85%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, via the frame element of the one or more spacer elements. 
     A force flux in a stacking direction of the battery module thus preferably takes place substantially via the frame elements. 
     It can be favorable if galvanic cells of the battery module are braced along a stacking direction. 
     For example, it can be provided that all galvanic cells of the battery module are arranged in a stacking direction between two end plates, the two end plates being braced along the stacking direction by means of one or more clamping elements, which are known as “tie rods.” 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that a spacer element, in particular a frame element, arranged between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells is in each case integrally connected, in particular bonded, to the cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     It is particularly conceivable here for the frame element to be integrally connected, in particular bonded, to an electrical insulation film that is applied directly to a cell housing wall of the cell housing and/or connected thereto. 
     Alternatively or in addition to an integral connection of the spacer element, in particular the frame element, arranged between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells, a force-fitting and/or form-fitting connection with one of the two cell housings can also be provided. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the spacer element, in particular the frame element, arranged between two adjacent galvanic cells is connected to one of the two cell housings in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner by means of an electrical insulation film, for example by the spacer element, in particular the frame element, being secured to the cell housing by wrapping the cell housing with the electrical insulation film. 
     If the spacer element, in particular the frame element, is connected to one of the two cell housings in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner by means of an electrical insulation film, provision can be made for the spacer element, in particular the frame element, to be temporarily fastened to a cell housing wall of the cell housing, for example by means of an adhesive material, before the electrical insulation film is wrapped around the cell housing. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the spacer element, in particular a frame element of the spacer element, arranged between the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells is in each case bonded to the cell housings of the two adjacent galvanic cells by means of an adhesive film arranged between a primary side of a cell housing of a respective galvanic cell and the spacer element, in particular the frame element. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the adhesive film forms a propagation protection element. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that all spacer elements of the battery module arranged between two cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are identical. 
     All frame elements arranged between two cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are preferably of identical design. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the frame element and/or the intermediate element each comprise or form a temperature control element. 
     The frame element and/or the intermediate element are preferably designed for active temperature control and/or for passive temperature control. 
     By means of the frame element and/or by means of the intermediate element, heat can preferably be dissipated from the two adjacent galvanic cells between which the spacer element is arranged. 
     It can also be favorable if the two adjacent galvanic cells, between which the spacer element is arranged, can be supplied with heat by means of the frame element and/or by means of the intermediate element. 
     It can be favorable if the frame element and/or the intermediate element each comprise one or more heat-conducting elements that protrude away from the frame element and/or the intermediate element in a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the spacer element, in particular the frame element and/or the intermediate element, has an anisotropic thermal conductivity. 
     A thermal conductivity of the spacer element, in particular of the frame element and/or the intermediate element, in a stacking direction of the battery module is preferably less than a thermal conductivity of said spacer element perpendicular to the stacking direction of the battery module. 
     The spacer element, in particular the frame element and/or the intermediate element, is preferably designed as a heat insulator in a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     It can also be favorable if the spacer element, in particular the frame element and/or the intermediate element, is designed as a heat conductor perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     In one embodiment of the battery module, it is provided that the battery module comprises a battery module housing in which the galvanic cells of the battery module are arranged. 
     The battery module according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and/or advantages described in connection with the galvanic cells according to the invention. 
     The galvanic cells according to the invention preferably also have one or more of the features and/or advantages described in connection with the battery module according to the invention. 
     The present invention also relates to a method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell. 
     The present invention is based on the further object of providing a method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, by means of which method spacer elements can be attached to a galvanic cell in a simple and cost-effective manner. 
     This object is achieved by the features of the independent method claim. 
     The method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell preferably comprises the following:
         providing a galvanic cell comprising one or more cell windings;   applying one or more spacer elements made of a castable, injectable and/or printable material to a cell housing of the galvanic cell.       

     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell by means of one or more of the following application methods:
         by means of a casting process;   by means of an injection process;   by means of a printing process.       

     The casting process is, for example, a slip casting process or a film casting process. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell by means of one or more of the following printing processes:
         by means of a screen printing process;   by means of a stencil printing process.       

     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the castable, injectable and/or printable material comprises a base material and spacer particles arranged in the base material. 
     The spacer particles are preferably applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell together with the base material. 
     The spacer particles are substantially spherical in shape, for example. 
     It can be favorable if the spacer particles have a diameter within the range of approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 1.5 mm. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the spacer particles are glass beads. 
     The spacer particles preferably have a higher compressive strength than the base material. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that one or more propagation protection elements and/or one or more compensation elements made of a castable, injectable and/or printable material are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell using an application device. 
     It can be favorable if the application device comprises an application nozzle, through which injectable and/or printable material can be applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     The application device preferably also comprises a conveying device, by means of which the injectable and/or printable material can be fed to an application nozzle of the application device. 
     The conveying device is, for example, a gear metering device. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell with a locally varying thickness. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the one or more spacer elements are attached directly or indirectly to the cell housing of the galvanic cell. 
     If the one or more spacer elements are applied directly to the cell housing of the galvanic cell, they are in particular applied directly to a cell housing wall of the cell housing. 
     If the one or more spacer elements are applied directly to the cell housing of the galvanic cell, they are preferably applied to an electrical insulation film arranged on a cell housing wall of the cell housing. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that a plurality of layers of the castable, injectable and/or printable material are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell one after the other. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the castable, injectable and/or printable material comprises or is formed by polyurethane and/or silicone. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that a bump and/or knobs are applied to, for example sprayed onto, the cell housing of the galvanic cell as spacer elements. 
     In one embodiment of the method for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell, it is provided that the castable, injectable and/or printable material is applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell through a template. 
     The present invention also relates to a method for producing a battery module, which comprises the following:
         providing two or more than two galvanic cells to which spacer elements are attached by means of the method according to the invention for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell;   stacking the galvanic cells along a stacking direction.       

     The galvanic cells are preferably stacked along the stacking direction in such a way that the cell housings of two adjacent galvanic cells are spaced apart from one another by means of the spacer elements applied thereto. 
     The method according to the invention for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell preferably has one or more of the features and/or advantages described in connection with the battery modules and/or galvanic cells according to the invention. 
     The galvanic cells and/or battery modules according to the invention preferably also have one or more of the features and/or advantages described in connection with the method according to the invention for attaching spacer elements to a galvanic cell. 
     Further features and/or advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the following description and the drawings illustrating embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic perspective exploded view of the embodiment of the battery module from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of the embodiment of the battery module from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic sectional view of a galvanic cell and a spacer element of the embodiment of the battery module from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic sectional view of two adjacent galvanic cells and a spacer element arranged between the two adjacent galvanic cells of the embodiment of the battery module from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic sectional view of two adjacent galvanic cells and two spacer elements of a further embodiment of a battery module, which spacer elements are arranged between the two adjacent galvanic cells; 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XIV-XIV in  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a sectional view corresponding to the sectional view from  FIG. 14  of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 16  is a sectional view corresponding to the sectional view from  FIG. 14  of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic sectional view of a galvanic cell and a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XIX-XIX in  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XXI-XXI in  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic perspective exploded view of the spacer element from  FIG. 22 ; 
         FIG. 24  is a schematic plan view of the spacer element of  FIG. 22  when viewed in the direction of arrow  24  in  FIG. 22 ; 
         FIG. 25  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XXV-XXV in 
         FIG. 24 ; 
         FIG. 26  is a sectional view corresponding to the sectional view of  FIG. 25 , a frame element and/or an intermediate element of the spacer element being deformed; 
         FIG. 27  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 28  is a schematic sectional view of a galvanic cell and a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 29  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 30  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XXX-XXX in 
         FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 31  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 32  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XXXII-XXXII in 
         FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 33  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 34  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XXXIV-XXXIV in  FIG. 33 ; 
         FIG. 35  is a schematic perspective view of a spacer element of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 36  is a schematic sectional view of a cross section along the line XXXVI-XXXVI in  FIG. 35 ; 
         FIG. 37  is a schematic perspective view of a galvanic cell of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 38  is a schematic perspective view of a galvanic cell of a further embodiment of a battery module; 
         FIG. 39  is a schematic perspective partial sectional view of an embodiment of a galvanic cell; 
         FIG. 40  is a schematic sectional view of two galvanic cells according to the embodiment from  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 41  is a schematic sectional view of three galvanic cells according to a further embodiment; 
         FIG. 42  is a schematic sectional view of three galvanic cells according to a further embodiment; 
         FIG. 43  is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a galvanic cell; 
         FIG. 44  is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a galvanic cell; and 
         FIG. 45  is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a galvanic cell. 
     
    
    
     The same or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference signs in all figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  shows a battery module designated as a whole as  100 . 
     The battery module  100  preferably comprises two or more than two galvanic cells  102 . 
     The galvanic cells  102  are preferably arranged along a stacking direction of the battery module  100 , which is identified by an arrow  104  in  FIG. 1 . 
     The galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  arranged along the stacking direction  104  form in particular a cell stack. 
     In the embodiments of a battery module illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 36 , the galvanic cells  102  are preferably designed according to the PHEV2 format. 
     The galvanic cells  102  are preferably prismatic cells, in particular substantially cuboid cells. 
     The galvanic cells  102  preferably each comprise a cell housing  106 . 
     It can be favorable if the galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  are braced along the stacking direction  104 . 
     For example, it can be provided that all galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  are arranged in the stacking direction  104  between two end plates, not shown in the drawing, the two end plates being braced along the stacking direction  104  by means of a plurality of clamping elements  108 , which are shown in  FIG. 1  only schematically by means of dash-dot lines. The clamping elements  108  are, for example, what are known as “tie rods.” 
     The battery module  100  preferably comprises a battery module housing, not shown in the drawings, in which the galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  are arranged. 
     A respective galvanic cell  102  preferably comprises two cell windings  110  (“jelly rolls”), which are shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , for example. 
     The cell housing  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102  preferably comprises or forms a receiving space  112 . 
     It can be favorable if the two cell windings  110  of a respective galvanic cell  102  are received in the receiving space  112 . 
     The galvanic cells  102  of the battery module are preferably secondary cells. The galvanic cells  102  are thus preferably rechargeable galvanic cells  102 . 
     The battery module  100  thus forms in particular an accumulator module. 
     A respective galvanic cell  102  and/or a cell housing  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102  preferably comprises two primary sides  114  and four secondary sides  116 . Preferably, the two primary sides  114  and/or two secondary sides  116  are arranged on opposing sides of a respective galvanic cell  102  and/or of a cell housing  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102 . 
     In particular, a primary side  114  of a galvanic cell  102  and/or of a cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  faces a primary side  114  of a further galvanic cell  102  and/or a cell housing  106  of the further galvanic cell  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the two cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  are arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     The cell windings  110  of a galvanic cell  102  of the battery module  100  are preferably flat windings. 
     A respective cell winding  110  of the galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  comprises, in particular, a plurality of winding layers. 
     Winding layers of a respective cell winding  110  are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     The cell winding  110  preferably comprises a winding layer web that forms the winding layers. The winding layers are preferably formed by winding up the winding layer web. In particular, it is conceivable that a single winding layer web comprises or forms all winding layers of a respective cell winding  110 . 
     A respective cell winding  110  of a galvanic cell  102  preferably comprises two deflection regions  118  in which winding layers of the respective cell winding  110  are deflected, the winding layers having a common winding line  120  in a respective deflection region  118 . 
     In the respective deflection region  118  of the cell winding  110 , winding layers of the cell windings  102  are preferably deflected, in particular by approximately 180°. 
     The winding lines  120  of the two deflection regions  118  of a respective cell winding  110  are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     In particular, a respective cell winding  110  of the galvanic cells  102  is formed axially symmetrically with respect to the common winding line  120  in a deflection region  118 . 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the winding layers of the respective cell winding  110  are arranged substantially in a semicircle in a respective deflection region  118  in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the common winding line  120 . 
     Winding layers of a respective cell winding  110  are arranged in an intermediate region  122  of the cell winding  110  arranged between the two deflection regions  118  of the cell winding  110 , preferably substantially parallel to a central plane of the cell winding  110  that is not illustrated in the drawings. 
     It can be favorable if the common winding line  120  of a respective deflection region of a cell winding is arranged in the central plane of a cell winding  110 . 
     The stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  preferably runs substantially perpendicular to a central plane of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100 . 
     It can be favorable if the common winding line  120  of winding layers of the respective cell winding  110  forms a common central point of semicircularly arranged winding layers of the cell winding  110  in a respective deflection region  118  of the cell winding  110  in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the common winding line  120 . 
     A winding direction of a respective cell winding  110 , represented by means of an arrow  124 , preferably runs perpendicular to the common winding lines  120  of the two deflection regions  118  of the respective cell winding  110  and in particular perpendicular to the stacking direction  104 . 
     A winding layer of a respective cell winding  110  preferably comprises a plurality of layers, for example two electrode layers and two separator layers. 
     In particular, it can be favorable if electrode layers and separator layers are arranged alternately in a winding layer. 
     A layer sequence in a winding layer of a cell winding  110  is therefore preferably as follows: separator layer, electrode layer, separator layer, electrode layer. 
     The electrode layers preferably comprise or are formed from an electrically conductive material, for example aluminum or copper. 
     The separator layers preferably comprise or are formed from an electrically insulating material, for example polyethylene and/or polypropylene. 
     The embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  preferably also comprises a plurality of spacer elements  126 . 
     In the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5 , a spacer element  126  is preferably arranged between two adjacent galvanic cells  102 , in particular between the cell housings  106  of the two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     Mutually facing cell windings  110  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are preferably arranged at a distance from one another in the stacking direction  126 , in each case by means of a spacer element  126 . 
     A predetermined distance between two adjacent galvanic cells  102  can preferably be adjusted by means of the spacer elements  126 . 
     An expansion of the galvanic cells  102 , in particular of the cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  106 , which is due to gas formation due to chemical decomposition of the electrolyte, is preferably substantially prevented by means of the spacer elements  126 . 
     An expansion of the galvanic cells  102 , in particular of the cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  102 , which is due to growth of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102 , is preferably also permitted by means of the spacer elements  126 . 
     It is preferably conceivable that delamination of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  can be prevented due to the limitation of an expansion of the galvanic cells  102 , which expansion is due to gas formation. In particular, aging of the galvanic cells  102  is delayed. 
     A pressure on the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  can preferably be reduced by means of the spacer elements  126 . In particular, a drop in capacity of the galvanic cells  102  of the battery module  100  can be reduced. It can also be favorable if mechanical overstressing of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  is avoided by means of the spacer elements  126 . 
     The spacer elements  126  are preferably arranged and/or designed in such a way that the introduction of force into the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  can be avoided, in particular in the region of a common winding line  120  of the deflection regions  118  of the cell windings  110 . 
     A force flux in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  can preferably be guided by means of the spacer elements  126  in such a way that preferably no force is exerted on a common winding line  120  of the deflection regions  118  of the cell windings  110  in the stacking direction. 
       FIGS. 2 and 5  show in each case that a spacer element  126  is arranged between mutually facing cell housing walls  132  of the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     The spacer elements  126  are in particular each arranged on a primary side  114  of the cell housings  106 . 
     In the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5 , the spacer elements  126  preferably each comprise or form only one frame element  134 . 
     A predetermined distance can preferably be fixed between two adjacent galvanic cells  102  by means of frame elements  134 , in particular on an edge region of the mutually facing primary sides  114  of the respective cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  102 . 
     The frame elements  134  are preferably each formed in one part. 
     In particular, all frame elements  134  of the battery module  100  arranged between two cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are of identical design. 
       FIG. 5  shows a force flux through the frame elements  134  that is identified by means of a solid line  128 . 
     A force thus preferably does not flow substantially along the dashed line  130  in  FIG. 5 . 
     It can be favorable if a force flows between adjacent galvanic cells  102  in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  substantially via the frame elements  134 . 
     A force flows between adjacent galvanic cells  102  in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  preferably exclusively or to an extent of at least approximately 75%, in particular to an extent of at least approximately 85%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, via the frame elements  134 . 
     The frame elements  134  preferably comprise or are formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material, such as glass-fiber-reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP). 
     Preferably, a frame element  134  arranged between cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  is integrally connected, in particular bonded, to the cell housings  106  of the two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     It is particularly conceivable here that the frame element  134  is integrally connected, in particular bonded, to an electrical insulation film not shown in the drawing that is applied directly to a cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  and/or connected thereto. 
     A respective frame element  134  is preferably bonded to the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  by means of an adhesive film  136 , which is in each case arranged between a primary side  114  of a cell housing  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102  and the frame element  134 . 
     The frame elements  134  preferably each delimit an interior space  138  surrounded by a frame element  134  and two adjacent cell housings  106 . 
     In the embodiment of the battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5 , preferably only gas, for example air, is arranged in the interior space  138 . 
     The frame element  134  preferably comprises two supporting webs  140  and two connecting webs  142 . 
     The two supporting webs  140  are preferably arranged parallel to one another and/or parallel to a common winding line  120  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  of a galvanic cell  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the two supporting webs  140  are connected by means of the two connecting webs  142 . 
     The frame elements  134  are preferably closed in a ring shape. 
     The two supporting webs  140  are preferably arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     It can also be favorable if the connecting webs  142  are arranged substantially parallel to one another. 
     The supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of a respective frame element  134  preferably run along an edge region of a respective primary side  114  of two adjacent cell housings  106 . 
     It can be favorable if the supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame elements  134  do not have a sharp edge on a side of the frame element  134  that rests against a respective cell housing  106 . 
     In particular, it can be provided that the edges of the supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  are rounded on a side of the frame element  134  that rests against a respective cell housing  106 . 
     Stress peaks and/or edge imprints on the cell housing  106  can preferably be avoided. 
     The two supporting webs  140  and/or the two connecting webs  142  preferably have a substantially constant width  144  perpendicular to a main direction of extent thereof. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the width  144  of the two supporting webs  140  substantially corresponds to the width  144  of the two connecting webs  142 . 
     The width  144  of the two supporting webs  140  of a frame element  134  preferably corresponds approximately to a sum of a wall thickness  150  of the cell housing wall  132  of a cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102 , a distance  152  of a cell winding  110  from the cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  and a width  154  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  102 . 
     The width  154  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  preferably corresponds substantially to half a thickness  156  of a cell winding  110  parallel to a stacking direction of the battery module. 
     The aforementioned dimensions preferably relate to a direction parallel to the winding direction  124  of a cell winding  102  and/or perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 , measured in particular in a central plane of a respective cell winding  102 . 
     The main direction of extent of the two supporting webs  140  and/or the two connecting webs  142  runs, in particular, perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  102 . 
     The main direction of extent of the two supporting webs  140  preferably runs parallel to a common winding line  120  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cells  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the supporting webs  140  of the frame element  134  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  have a constant thickness  146  in a direction parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     A maximum thickness  146  of frame element  134 , in particular of supporting webs  140  and/or connecting webs  142 , preferably corresponds to at least approximately 5%, in particular at least approximately 7.5%, for example at least approximately 10%, of a height  148  of a cell housing  106  of galvanic cells  102  in the stacking direction  104 . 
     It can be favorable if a projection of a respective supporting web  140  of a frame element  134 , in particular a region of the supporting web  140  abutting the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102 , along the stacking direction  104  onto a projection plane arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  is at a distance from a projection of a respective common winding line  120  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  of a galvanic cell  102 . 
     Preferably, the projection of the supporting web  140 , in particular of the region of the supporting web  140  abutting the cell housing  106 , is at a distance parallel to a winding direction  124 , in particular outward, from the projection of the common winding line  120 . 
     The projection of the region of the supporting web  140  that abuts the cell housing  106  preferably does not overlap the projection of the common winding line  120 . 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 6 , in particular a frame element  134 , of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the frame element  134  is designed in multiple parts, in particular in two parts. 
     The frame element  134  comprises, in particular, two frame element parts  158 . 
     The two frame element parts  158  can preferably be connected to one another in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, for example by means of a plug-in connection, which is not shown in the drawing. 
     The two frame element parts are L-shaped, for example, and can be connected to one another to produce a frame element  134  that is closed in a ring shape. 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 6 , in particular the frame element  134 , of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 7 , in particular a frame element  134 , of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 6  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  substantially in that the frame element  134  substantially comprises only two supporting webs  140 . 
     In each case, a supporting web  140  preferably forms a frame element part  158 . 
     The two frame element parts  158  are preferably substantially T-shaped in a cross section taken perpendicularly to a common winding line  120  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  of a galvanic cell  102 . 
     In each case, the two frame element parts  158  comprise stop elements  160  arranged perpendicular to the supporting webs. 
     It can be favorable if the stop elements  160  can be placed against a secondary side  116  of a cell housing  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102  in order to position the frame element parts  158 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 7 , in particular the frame element  134 , of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 6  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 8 , in particular a frame element  134 , of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the frame element  134  comprises only a single connecting web  142 . 
     The frame element  134  is, in particular, not a frame element  134  closed in a ring shape. 
     The frame element  134  is preferably substantially U-shaped and preferably surrounds the interior space  138  on at least three sides. 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 8 , in particular the frame element  134 , of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 9 , in particular a frame element  134 , of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the width  144  of the two supporting webs  140  is different from the width  144  of the two connecting webs  142 . 
     The width  144  of the two connecting webs  142  is greater, for example, by a factor of at least approximately 1.5, than the width  144  of the two supporting webs  140 , for example by a factor of at least approximately 2. 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 9 , in particular the frame element  134 , of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 10 , in particular a frame element  134 , of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  have a locally varying thickness  146  in a direction parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     The supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  preferably have a first thickness  146   a  in corner regions  162  in which the supporting webs  140  and the connecting webs  142  are connected to one another. 
     The supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  preferably have a second thickness  146   b  between two corner regions  162  in each case. 
     Preferably, the first thickness  146   a  is greater than the second thickness  146   b , for example by a factor of 2. 
     Because the supporting webs  140  and/or the connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  have a greater thickness  146   a  in the corner regions  162  than outside of the corner regions  162 , a force can preferably flow between adjacent galvanic cells  102  in the stacking direction  104  substantially via particularly rigid regions of the cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  102 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 10 , in particular the frame element  134 , of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 11 , in particular a frame element  134 , of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the two supporting webs  140  and/or the two connecting webs  142  have a varying width  144  perpendicular to a main direction of extent thereof. 
     In this case, an inner profile of the frame element  134  can preferably be adapted to a swelling behavior of two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 11 , in particular the frame element  134 , of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 12  differs from the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that a plurality of spacer elements  126 , in particular a plurality of frame elements  134 , are arranged one behind the other in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     In particular, two spacer elements  126 , in particular two frame elements  134 , are arranged between cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if a spacer element  126 , in particular a frame element  134 , is arranged on opposing primary sides  114  of a cell housing  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102  on the cell housings  106  of the two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     Parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 , a sequence is preferably as follows: spacer element  126 , galvanic cell  102 , spacer element  126 , spacer element  126 , galvanic cell  102 , spacer element  126 , spacer element  126 , galvanic cell  102 , spacer element  126 , spacer element  126 , galvanic cell  102 , etc. 
     Preferably, two frame elements  134  are in each case slipped onto a galvanic cell  102 , in particular onto the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The two frame elements  134  enclose the respective galvanic cell  102 , in particular the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 , at least approximately in a C-shape. 
     The two frame elements  134  preferably each comprise an at least approximately C-shaped receiving portion, in which a cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  is at least in part received parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  102 . 
     The two frame elements  134  preferably also each comprise two supporting webs  140  and two connecting webs  142  and are preferably also closed in a ring shape. 
     It can be favorable if the two frame elements  134  each comprise two or more than two, for example four, fastening projections  164  that protrude away from the two supporting webs  140  and/or the two connecting webs  142  parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  102 . 
     In each case, a fastening projection  164 , in particular a fastening web  166 , preferably protrudes away from a supporting web  140  and/or from a connecting web  142  parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  102 . 
     The length of fastening webs  166  preferably substantially corresponds to the length of supporting webs  140  and/or connecting webs  142 , in particular parallel to a main direction of extent of supporting webs  140  and/or connecting webs  142 . 
     The fastening projections  164  and/or fastening webs  166  preferably surround a cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  on four sides. 
     Preferably, the two frame elements  134  can easily be plugged onto opposing primary sides  114  of a cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102 . In particular, the cell housing  106  having the frame elements  134  arranged thereon can then easily be positioned in a battery module housing. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 12  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the spacer element  126  comprises or forms an intermediate element  168 . 
     In the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the frame element  134  is preferably not connected to the intermediate element  168 . 
     The intermediate element  168  is preferably arranged in the interior space  138 , in particular completely. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the intermediate element  168  fills the interior space  138  in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  to an extent of at least approximately 50%, for example to an extent of at least approximately 75%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, in particular completely. 
     Preferably, the frame element  134  and the intermediate element  168  comprise or are formed from different materials. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the intermediate element  168  forms a deformable compensation element  170 . 
     For example, it is also conceivable that an intermediate element  168  designed as a deformable compensation element  170  comprises or is formed from a rubber material. 
     It can be favorable if the compensation element  170  can be compressed parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     An intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  comprises in particular a compressible material, for example a foam material, or is formed therefrom. 
     The compressible material of an intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  is, for example, elastically or plastically compressible. 
     Preferably, the intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  is prestressed between two adjacent cell housings  106  parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  in the delivered state of the battery module  100 . 
     In an uninstalled and/or unloaded state, the compressible compensation element  170  has a maximum thickness  172 , which is greater than the thickness  146  of the frame element  134 , in particular of the supporting webs  140  of the frame element  134 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 13  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 15  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  has a maximum thickness  172  parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  when it is new, which thickness corresponds to a maximum thickness  146  of the frame element  134 , in particular of the supporting webs  140  of the frame element  134 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 15  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 13 to 14  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 16  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 15  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  has a maximum thickness  172  parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 , which thickness is smaller than a maximum thickness  146  of the frame element  134 , in particular of the supporting webs  140  of the frame element  134 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 16  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 15  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 17  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the frame element  134  is connected to the intermediate element  168  at least in some regions, in particular integrally. 
     Preferably, the frame element  134  is made in one piece with the intermediate element  168 . 
     The spacer element  126 , which comprises or forms the frame element  134  and the intermediate element  168 , is preferably a one-piece injection molded component. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the spacer element  126  has material weakening  176  in a connection region  174  in which the frame element  134  is integrally connected to the intermediate element  168 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 17  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  substantially in that a projection of the intermediate element  168  along the stacking direction  104  onto a projection plane arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  is at a distance from a projection of a respective common winding line  120  of a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  of a galvanic cell  102 . 
     The projection of the intermediate element  168  is preferably at a distance parallel to the winding direction  124 , in particular inward, from the projection of the common winding line  120 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 20 and 21  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  is of multi-layer design in the stacking direction  104 . 
     Preferably, different layers of the intermediate element  168  designed as a compressible compensation element  170  have a different surface area in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the stacking direction  104 . 
     For example, the compensation element  170  has a stepped design. 
     In particular, the intermediate element  168  designed as a compensation element  170  can be adapted to a swelling behavior of two adjacent galvanic cells. 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 20 and 21  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 22 to 26  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  is only in part arranged in the interior space  138 . 
     The frame element  134  and the intermediate element  168  preferably overlap at least in part in the stacking direction  104 . 
     The frame element  134  preferably corresponds to the frame element  134  shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     The intermediate element  168  preferably completely overlaps the frame element  134  with the exception of the corner regions  162  in which the supporting webs  140  and connecting webs  142  of the frame element  134  are connected to one another. 
     The intermediate element  168  preferably forms a compensation element  170 , which can be compressed parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  (cf.  FIG. 26 ). 
     In the regions in which the intermediate element  168  overlaps the frame element  134 , the frame element  134  and the intermediate element  168  are preferably connected to one another in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting manner, in particular because the galvanic cells  102  are braced along the stacking direction  104 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 22 to 26  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 27  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 22 to 26  substantially in that the frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  in each case comprise or form a temperature control element  178 . 
     It can be favorable here if the intermediate element  168  is designed to be non-compressible. 
     The frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  are preferably designed for active temperature control and/or for passive temperature control. 
     By means of the frame element  134  and/or by means of the intermediate element  168 , heat can preferably be dissipated from the two adjacent galvanic cells  102  between which the spacer element  126  is arranged. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the two adjacent galvanic cells  102 , between which the spacer element  126  is arranged, can be supplied with heat by means of the frame element  134  and/or by means of the intermediate element  168 . 
     Preferably, the frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  each comprise one or more heat-conducting elements  180  that protrude away from the frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     It can also be favorable if the frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  have anisotropic thermal conductivity. 
     A thermal conductivity of the frame element  134  and/or of the intermediate element  168  in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  is preferably less than a thermal conductivity of the frame element  134  and/or of the intermediate element  168  perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  is designed as a heat insulator in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     It can also be favorable if the frame element  134  and/or the intermediate element  168  are designed as heat conductors perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 27  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 22 to 26  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 28  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that an edge region  182  of the spacer element  126 , in particular an edge region  182  closed in a ring shape, is of multi-layer design. 
     The multi-layer edge region  182  preferably forms a frame element  134 . 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the spacer element  126  comprises or is formed from a compressible material, for example a foam material. 
     The compressible material is, for example, elastically or plastically compressible. 
     It can be favorable if the compressible material in the multi-layer edge region  182  is consolidated by means of leveling and/or compacting 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 28  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 29 and 30  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  designed as a deformable compensation element  170  comprises a plurality of deformation elements  184 . 
     In particular, the compensation element  170  comprises a plurality of deformation webs  186  that form the deformation elements  184 . 
     The deformation webs  186  preferably have a U-shaped or V-shaped cross section. 
     A deformation web  186  of the compensation element  170  is preferably connected to two connecting webs  140  of the frame element  134  in each case. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that the deformation webs  186  are arranged substantially parallel to the supporting webs  140 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 29 and 30  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 31 and 32  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 29 and 30  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  designed as a deformable compensation element  170  comprises a plurality of deformable knobs  188  that form the deformation elements  184 . 
     For the sake of clarity, only some of the deformable knobs  188  are identified with a reference sign in  FIGS. 31 and 32 . 
     The deformable knobs  188  are preferably substantially circular-cylindrical. 
     The deformable knobs  188  protrude away from a base plate  190 , in particular parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 , in particular on both sides of the base plate  190 . 
     It can be favorable if one or more deformable knobs  188  have a different cross-sectional shape and/or a different diameter from one another, in particular in a cross section taken perpendicularly to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     The deformable knobs  188  are preferably arranged in a plurality of rows and/or a plurality of columns, in particular in alignment. 
     For example, it is conceivable that deformable knobs  188  arranged in a column each have an identical cross-sectional shape and/or an identical diameter. 
     Furthermore, it is conceivable, for example, that one or more deformable knobs  188  arranged in a row have a different cross-sectional shape and/or a different diameter from one another. 
     The intermediate element  168  designed as a deformable compensation element  170  can preferably be adapted to a swelling behavior of two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     In particular, a deformation resistance of the deformable knobs  188  can be adjusted by adjusting a diameter of said deformable knobs. 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 31 and 32  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 29 and 30  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 33 and 34  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 17  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  is not designed as a deformable and/or compressible compensation element  170 . 
     The intermediate element  168  preferably has a locally varying thickness in a direction parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     It can be favorable if the intermediate element  168  is connected to the frame element  134  only in the region of the two supporting webs  140  of said frame element. 
     The intermediate element  168  is preferably not connected to the frame element  134  in the region of the connecting webs  142  of said frame element. 
     Because the intermediate element  168  is preferably connected to the frame element  134  only in the region of the supporting webs  140 , the intermediate element  168  is preferably connected to the frame element  134  in a resilient manner. 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 33 and 34  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIG. 17  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     A spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 35 and 36  differs from the spacer element  126  of an embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 33 and 34  substantially in that the intermediate element  168  is connected to the frame element  134  closed in a ring shape. 
     In particular, the intermediate element  168  forms a cover element  192 . 
     The cover element  192  preferably has a constant thickness  194  parallel to the stacking direction  104 . 
     In particular, the cover element  192  has a thickness  194  parallel to the stacking direction  104 , which thickness is smaller than a thickness  146  of the frame element  134 . 
     Otherwise, the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 35 and 36  of the embodiment of a battery module  100  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the spacer element  126  shown in  FIGS. 33 and 34  of an embodiment of a battery module  100 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 37  differs from the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 6  substantially in that the frame element parts  158  of the frame element  134  are substantially C-shaped. 
     One of the two C-shaped frame element parts  158  of the frame element  134  is preferably arranged on the opposing primary sides  114  of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the frame element parts  158  are connected, for example bonded, to the cell housing  106 , in particular to the cell housing wall  132 , on the opposing primary sides  114  of the cell housing  106 . 
     The frame element parts  158  are preferably arranged and/or designed in such a way that projections of the frame element parts  158  arranged on the opposing primary sides  114  of the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  do not overlap parallel to the stacking direction  104  onto a plane arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction  104 . 
     A positioning aid for positioning the galvanic cells  102  relative to one another can preferably be provided by the C-shaped frame element parts  158 . 
     In particular, incorrect positioning of cell poles of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  can be prevented. 
     By stacking a plurality of galvanic cells  102 , on whose opposing primary sides  114  C-shaped frame element parts  158  are arranged, the frame element parts  158  of the mutually facing primary sides  114  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  preferably complement each other to form a frame element  134  closed in a ring shape. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 37  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 6 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIG. 38  differs from the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  substantially in that the spacer elements  126  are applied onto the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  with a castable, injectable and/or printable material  195 . 
     For example, two bumps  197  are applied parallel to the common winding line  120  on a respective primary side  114  of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     Furthermore, it can be favorable if one or more knobs  188  are applied to a respective primary side  114  of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The one or more spacer elements  126  are, in particular, made by means of a casting process, by means of a spraying process, and/or applied to the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  by means of a printing process. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of a battery module shown in  FIG. 38  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a battery module  100  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 39 and 40  differs from the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 36  substantially in that the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  is not cuboid. 
     The cell housing  106  preferably comprises or forms one or more spacer elements  126 . 
     In a battery module  100 , which comprises a plurality of galvanic cells  102 , two spacer elements  126  are preferably arranged between mutually facing cell windings  110  of two galvanic cells  102  that are adjacent in the stacking direction  104 . 
     The cell housing  106  of the galvanic cells  102  preferably comprises a spacer region  196  and a central region  198  on each of the two primary sides  114  of the cell housing  116 . 
     The spacer regions  196  preferably protrude away from the central region  196  perpendicular to a central plane of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  and in each case form a spacer element  126 . 
     The spacer regions  196  are preferably arranged on an edge region, in particular on an edge region closed in a ring shape, of a respective primary side  114  of the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102 . 
     The central region  198  of a respective primary side  114  is preferably surrounded by the spacer region  196  closed in a ring shape and in particular forms a depression in the primary side  114  of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  is thus preferably substantially concave on the two primary sides  114 . 
     A cell housing  106  of the galvanic cells  102  preferably comprises a transition region  200  on the two primary sides  114  that is arranged between the central region  198  and the spacer region  196 . 
     Preferably, the spacer regions  196  comprise a surface that is arranged substantially parallel to a surface of the central region  198 . 
     It can be favorable if the cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cells  102  rests against the cell winding  110  in the intermediate region  122  of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if at least approximately 70%, in particular at least approximately 90%, of a surface of the intermediate region  122  of the cell winding  110  rests completely against the central region  198  of the cell housing wall  132 . 
     The central region  198  of the cell housing wall  132  preferably rests substantially with its entire surface on the intermediate region  122  of the cell winding  110 . 
     For example, it is conceivable that the cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  is arranged in the central region  198  substantially parallel to a central plane of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  preferably does not rest against the cell winding  110  in the deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  does not rest against a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102  in the spacer region  196  and/or in the transition region  200 . 
     In particular, the cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  is arranged in the spacer region  196  substantially parallel to a central plane of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     It can be favorable if the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  is substantially symmetrical, in particular substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  and/or parallel to a central plane of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell is preferably substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry arranged parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     It can be favorable if the cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  comprises or is formed by a metallic material, for example aluminum. 
     The cell housing  106  of a galvanic cell  102  is preferably what is referred to as a “hard case” housing. 
     The cell housing  106  is preferably produced by means of a forming process, for example by means of deep-drawing, and, in particular, has a substantially uniform wall thickness. It can be favorable here if spacer elements  126  formed by the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  are produced by means of a forming process. 
     The cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are preferably in direct contact with one another in the region of the spacer elements  126  formed by the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cells  102 . 
     In particular, it can be favorable if the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are only in direct contact with one another in some regions, in particular only in the region of the spacer elements  126  formed by the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cells  102 . 
     The cell housing walls  132  of the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are preferably arranged at a distance from one another by means of the spacer elements  126  formed by the cell housings  106  in an intermediate space  202  that is closed in a ring shape and delimited by the spacer elements  126 . 
     In particular, the cell housing walls  132  of the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are not in contact with one another in the intermediate space  202 . 
     The central regions  198  and/or the transition regions  200  of a respective primary side  114  of the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  preferably delimit the intermediate space  202 . 
     The intermediate space  202  is preferably formed between two adjacent galvanic cells  102  that are substantially concave on the mutually facing primary sides  114  of the cell housings  106 . 
     It can be favorable if an additional element  204 , for example a compensation element  206 , a propagation protection element  208 , a sensor element  209  and/or a temperature control element  210 , is arranged in the intermediate space  202 . 
     By means of a temperature control element  210  arranged in the intermediate space  202 , the galvanic cells  102  adjacent to the intermediate space  202  can preferably be temperature-controlled, for example cooled. 
     In particular, heat can be dissipated from the intermediate space by means of a temperature control element  210  arranged in the intermediate space  202 . 
     A temperature control element  210  arranged in the intermediate space  202  is preferably designed for active temperature control of the galvanic cells  102  adjacent to the intermediate space  202  and/or for passive temperature control of the galvanic cells  102  adjacent to the intermediate space  202 . 
     Propagation of a thermal runaway of a galvanic cell  102  can preferably be delayed and/or prevented by means of a propagation protection element  208  arranged in the intermediate space  202 . 
     A compensation element  206  arranged in the intermediate space  202  is deformable, for example compressible, in a direction parallel to the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 , preferably due to an expansion of the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102 . 
     The compensation element  206  preferably comprises or is formed by a foam material. 
     A delamination of cell windings  110  of a respective galvanic cell  102  can preferably be limited or prevented by means of a compensation element  206  arranged in the intermediate space  202 . 
     In a delivered state of the battery module  100 , the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are preferably prestressed in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  by means of compensation elements  206  arranged in the intermediate space  202 . Preferably, a prestressing force can thereby be realized that preferably counteracts an expansion of the cell housings  106  of the two adjacent galvanic cells  102 , in particular due to aging. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of the galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 39 and 40  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 36 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 41  differs from the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 39 and 40  substantially in that the cell housings  106  of a respective galvanic cell  102  are substantially concave on a primary side  114  and substantially convex on a primary side  114 . 
     Furthermore, it is conceivable that the cell housings  106  are not produced by means of forming. 
     For example, it is conceivable that the cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  102  are produced by means of extrusion. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of the galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 41  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 39 and 40 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 42  differs from the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 41  substantially in that the cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  102  are produced by means of an injection process, for example by means of an injection molding process, in particular from a plastic material. 
     It can be favorable if the cell housings  106  of the galvanic cells  102  are plastic components, in particular plastic injection molded components. 
     In particular, it is conceivable that two adjacent galvanic cells  102  are positioned or can be positioned in a unique alignment relative to one another in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100  by means of one or more spacer elements  126  formed by the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cells  102 . 
     In particular, it is conceivable that mutually facing cell housing walls  132  of cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  on the primary sides  114  of the cell housing  106  each comprise one or more projections or elevations designed as spacer elements  126  and recesses corresponding to the projections or elevations. For the sake of clarity, the projections or elevations and the recesses are not shown in  FIG. 42 . 
     Preferably, the projections or elevations and the recesses are arranged on the primary sides  114  of the cell housings  106  of two adjacent galvanic cells  102  such that the two galvanic cells  102  can only be positioned in one orientation relative to one another in the stacking direction  104  of the battery module  100 . 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of the galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 42  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 41 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 43  differs from the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 36  substantially in that a compensation element  212  is arranged in the receiving space  112  of the cell housing  106 . 
     The compensation element  212  is preferably arranged between two adjacent cell windings  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The compensation element  212  is preferably compressible, in particular perpendicular to a primary side  114  of the cell housing  106  and/or perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     The compensation element  212  is preferably elastically or plastically compressible. 
     The compensation element  212  preferably comprises a compressible material or is formed from a compressible material. 
     The compressible material is a foam material, for example. 
     By providing the compensation element  212  in the receiving space  112  of the cell housing  106 , a defined loading of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cell  102  can preferably be implemented in any state of charge and/or in any state of aging of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     In particular, by providing the compensation element  212  in the receiving space  112  of the cell housing  106 , a loading on the cell windings  110  of a galvanic cell  102  can be implemented independently of one or more of the following factors:
         a rigidity of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 ;   clamping forces acting on the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102 , in particular clamping forces acting on the cell housing  106  parallel to the stacking direction  104  of a battery module  100 ;   growth of one or more cell windings  110  of the galvanic cell  102 .       

     Growth of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cell  102  over the service life of said galvanic cell can preferably be compensated for by means of the compensation element  212 , in particular in a direction perpendicular to a primary side  114  of the cell housing  106 . 
     Growth of the cell windings  110  of the galvanic cell  102  can preferably be compensated for by means of the compensation element  212  arranged in the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  in such a way that, at the end of the service life of the galvanic cell  102 , the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  substantially has a height  148  in a direction perpendicular to a primary side  114  of the cell housing  106 , which height corresponds to the height  148  of the cell housing  106  of the galvanic cell  102  in a delivered state of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     A change in the external dimensions of the galvanic cell  102  due to growth of cell windings  110  of the galvanic cells  102  can preferably be limited or prevented by means of the compensation element  212 . 
     In a delivered state of the galvanic cell  102 , the compensation element  212  preferably has a thickness  214  perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding  110  of galvanic cell  102  such that the compensation element  212  and cell windings  110  arranged inside the cell housing  106  substantially completely fill the receiving space  112  of the cell housing  106  perpendicular to the central plane of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     In particular, cavities inside the cell housing  106 , in particular parallel to the stacking direction  104  of a battery module  100 , can be prevented by means of the compensation element  212 . 
     Furthermore, a delamination of the cell windings  110  of a galvanic cell  102  can preferably be limited or prevented. 
     It can also be favorable if an optimal operating state of the galvanic cell  102  can be adjusted over the entire product service life of said galvanic cell by means of the compensation element  212 . 
     It can be favorable if the compensation element  212  has a width  216  parallel to the winding direction  124  of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell, which width corresponds at least approximately to the width of an intermediate region  122  of the cell winding  110 . 
     In a direction parallel to a common winding line  120  of a cell winding  110 , the compensation element  212  preferably has a height that substantially corresponds to a height of a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  106 . 
     The cell windings  110  of a galvanic cell  102  preferably each have a substantially identical height in a direction parallel to a common winding line  120  of a cell winding  110 . 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of the galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 43  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 36 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 44  differs from the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 43  substantially in that two compensation elements  212  are arranged in the receiving space  112  of the cell housing. 
     The compensation elements  212  are preferably arranged between a cell housing wall  132  of the cell housing  106  and a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 , in particular in relation to a direction perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding  110 . 
     The compensation elements  212  are preferably in each case arranged between a cell housing wall  132  of a primary side  114  of the cell housing  106  and a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of the galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 44  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 43 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     An embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 45  differs from the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 43  substantially in that two compensation elements  212  are arranged in the receiving space  112  of the cell housing  106 , which compensation elements are in each case arranged inside a cell winding  110  of the galvanic cell  102 . 
     It can be favorable here if winding layers of a respective cell winding  110  are wound around a respective compensation element  212 . 
     The compensation element  212  is preferably arranged substantially parallel to a central plane of the respective cell winding  110 . 
     The compensation element  212  preferably has a width  216  parallel to the winding direction  124  of the cell winding  110 , which width substantially corresponds to the width of the intermediate region  122  of the cell winding  110 . 
     By winding winding layers of a respective cell winding  110  around a respective compensation element  212 , it is preferably possible to prevent the winding layers from being deflected directly in the region of a common winding line  120 . 
     In particular, a deflection radius can be enlarged by winding winding layers of a respective cell winding  110  around a respective compensation element  212 . 
     A deflection radius in a deflection region  118  of a cell winding  110  is preferably at least approximately 0.5 mm, in particular at least approximately 1 mm, for example at least 1.5 mm. 
     In this way, a service life of the galvanic cell can preferably be lengthened. 
     It can also be favorable if growth of the respective cell winding  110 , in particular in a direction perpendicular to a central plane of the cell winding  110 , can be compensated for by means of the compensation element  212  arranged within a cell winding  110  such that, at the end of its service life, the galvanic cell  102  substantially has a height  148  in the direction perpendicular to the central plane of the cell winding  110 , which height corresponds to the height of the galvanic cell  148  in a delivered state of said galvanic cell. 
     Otherwise, the embodiment of the galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 45  corresponds in terms of structure and function to the embodiment of a galvanic cell  102  shown in  FIG. 43 , such that reference is made to the above description thereof. 
     The following are particular embodiments: 
     Embodiment 1 
     
         
         
           
             A galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprising:
           one or more cell windings ( 110 );   a cell housing ( 106 ) comprising a receiving space ( 122 ) for receiving the one or more cell windings ( 110 ),   the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) being received in the receiving space ( 122 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) and   the cell housing ( 106 ) comprising or forming one or more spacer elements ( 126 ).   
         
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 2 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprises one or more spacer regions ( 196 ) and a central region ( 198 ) on a primary side ( 114 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ), in particular on both primary sides ( 114 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ), the one or more spacer regions ( 196 ) protruding away from the central region ( 198 ) perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) and in each case forming a spacer element ( 126 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 3 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprise two deflection regions ( 118 ), in which winding layers of the respective cell winding ( 110 ) are deflected, the winding layers having a common winding line ( 120 ) in a respective deflection region ( 118 ), and/or in that the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprise an intermediate region ( 122 ) arranged between the two deflection regions ( 118 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 4 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 3, characterized in that a cell housing wall ( 136 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) rests against the cell winding ( 110 ) in the intermediate region ( 122 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 5 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 3 or 4, characterized in that a cell housing wall ( 132 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) does not rest against the cell winding ( 110 ) in the deflection region ( 118 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 6 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 2 to 5, characterized in that the one or more spacer regions ( 196 ) are arranged on an edge region, in particular on an edge region closed in a ring shape, of a respective primary side ( 114 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) of a respective galvanic cell ( 106 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 7 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 1 to 6, characterized in that the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) is substantially concave on both primary sides ( 114 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 8 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 1 to 6, characterized in that the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) is substantially concave on a primary side ( 114 ) and substantially convex on a primary side ( 114 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 9 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 1 to 8, characterized in that the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprises or is formed by a metallic material, for example aluminum. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 10 
     
         
         
           
             A battery module ( 100 ), comprising two or more than two galvanic cells ( 102 ) according to any of embodiments 1 to 9. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 11 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module ( 100 ) according to embodiment 10, characterized in that the cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) are in direct contact with one another in the region of the spacer elements ( 126 ) formed by the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cells ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 12 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module ( 100 ) according to embodiment 10 or 11, characterized in that cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) are designed in such a way that cell housing walls ( 132 ) of the two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) are arranged at a distance from one another by means of the spacer elements ( 126 ) formed by the cell housings ( 106 ) in an intermediate space ( 202 ) that is closed at least in portions, preferably in a ring shape, and that is delimited by the spacer elements ( 126 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 13 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 12, characterized in that one or more additional elements ( 204 ) are arranged in the intermediate space ( 202 ), for example one or more compensation elements ( 206 ), one or more propagation protection elements ( 208 ), one or more sensor elements ( 209 ) and/or one or more temperature control elements ( 210 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 14 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of claims  10  to  13 , characterized in that two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) are positioned or can be positioned in a unique alignment relative to one another in a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ) by means of one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) formed by the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cells ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 15 
     
         
         
           
             A galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprising:
           one or more cell windings ( 110 );   a cell housing ( 106 ) comprising a receiving space ( 112 ) for receiving the one or more cell windings ( 110 );   one or more compensation elements ( 212 ),   
         
             the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) being received in the receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) and 
             the one or more compensation elements ( 212 ) being arranged in the receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 16 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 15, characterized in that the one or more compensation elements ( 212 ) can be compressed, in particular perpendicularly to a primary side ( 114 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) and/or perpendicularly to a central plane of a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 17 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 15 or 16, characterized in that, in a delivered state of the galvanic cell ( 102 ), the one or more compensation elements ( 212 ) have a thickness ( 214 ) perpendicular to a central plane of a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) such that the one or more compensation elements ( 212 ) arranged inside the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) and cell windings ( 110 ) arranged inside the cell housing ( 106 ) substantially completely fill a receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing perpendicularly to the central plane of the cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 18 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 15 to 17, characterized in that the one or more compensation elements ( 212 ) comprise a compressible material or are formed from a compressible material. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 19 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 18, characterized in that the compressible material is a foam material. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 20 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 15 to 19, that one or more of the compensation elements ( 212 ) arranged in the receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) are arranged between two adjacent cell windings ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 21 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 15 to 20, characterized in that one or more of the compensation elements ( 212 ) arranged in the receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) are arranged between a cell housing wall ( 136 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) and a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ), in particular in relation to a direction perpendicular to a central plane of the cell winding ( 110 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 22 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 16 to 21, characterized in that one or more compensation elements ( 212 ) are arranged between the cell housing walls ( 132 ) of two primary sides ( 114 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) and one or more cell windings ( 110 ) arranged inside the cell housing ( 106 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 23 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 20 to 22, characterized in that a compensation element ( 212 ) arranged between two adjacent cell windings ( 110 ) of the galvanic cells ( 102 ) and/or a compensation element ( 212 ) arranged between a cell housing wall ( 132 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) and a cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) has a width ( 216 ) parallel to a winding direction ( 124 ) of the cell winding ( 110 ) that at least approximately corresponds to the width of an intermediate region ( 122 ) of the cell winding ( 110 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 24 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 15 to 24, characterized in that one or more of the compensation elements ( 212 ) arranged in the receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) are arranged inside one or more cell windings ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 25 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 24, characterized in that a compensation element ( 212 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) arranged inside a cell winding ( 110 ) is arranged substantially parallel to a central plane of the respective cell winding ( 110 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 26 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to embodiment 24 or 25, characterized in that a compensation element ( 212 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) arranged inside a cell winding ( 110 ) has a width ( 216 ) parallel to a winding direction ( 124 ) of the cell winding ( 110 ) that substantially corresponds to the width of an intermediate region ( 122 ) of the cell winding ( 110 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 27 
     
         
         
           
             The galvanic cell according to any of embodiments 15 to 26, characterized in that one or more of the compensation elements ( 212 ) arranged in the receiving space ( 112 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) have a height in a direction parallel to a common winding line ( 120 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ), which height substantially corresponds to a height of the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 28 
     
         
         
           
             A battery module ( 100 ), the battery module ( 100 ) comprising: 
             two or more than two galvanic cells ( 102 ) according to any of embodiments 15 to 27. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 29 
     
         
         
           
             A battery module ( 100 ), the battery module ( 100 ) comprising:
           two or more than two galvanic cells ( 102 ), each comprising one or more cell windings ( 110 );
               one or more spacer elements ( 126 ),   
               
         
             in each case one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) being arranged between two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 30 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 29, characterized in that a respective cell winding ( 110 ) of the galvanic cells ( 102 ) of the battery module ( 100 ) comprises two deflection regions ( 118 ), in which winding layers of the respective cell winding ( 110 ) are deflected, the winding layers having a common winding line ( 120 ) in a respective deflection region ( 118 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 31 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 30, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) are each arranged and/or designed in such a way that, in a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ), an introduction of force into the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) of a respective galvanic cell ( 102 ) can be avoided by means of the spacer elements ( 126 ), in particular in the region of a winding line ( 120 ) of a respective deflection region ( 118 ) of the one or more cell windings ( 110 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 32 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 29 to 31, characterized in that a force flows between adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) in a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ) exclusively or to an extent of at least approximately 75%, in particular to an extent of at least approximately 85%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, via the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 33 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 29 to 32, characterized in that the galvanic cells ( 102 ) are prismatic cells, in particular substantially cuboid cells. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 34 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 29 to 33, characterized in that a respective galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprises a cell housing ( 106 ) in which the one or more cell windings ( 110 ) of a respective galvanic cell ( 102 ) are arranged. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 35 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 29 to 34, characterized in that one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) are respectively arranged between the cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 36 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 35, characterized in that one or more spacer elements ( 126 ), which are arranged between cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ), are arranged on a primary side ( 114 ) of the respective cell housing ( 106 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 37 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 35 or 36, characterized in that one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) arranged between two cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) each comprise or form a frame element ( 134 ) and/or an intermediate element ( 168 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 38 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 37, characterized in that a respective frame element ( 134 ) delimits an interior space ( 138 ) surrounded by the frame element ( 134 ) and the two adjacent cell housings ( 106 ) at least in some regions, for example at least on two sides. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 39 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 37 or 38, characterized in that a respective frame element ( 134 ) comprises the following:
           two supporting webs ( 140 ), which are arranged parallel to one another and/or parallel to a common winding line ( 120 ) of a deflection region ( 118 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ) of a galvanic cell ( 102 ); and/or   one or more connecting webs ( 142 ), the two supporting webs ( 140 ) being connected by means of the one or more connecting webs ( 142 ).   
         
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 40 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 39, characterized in that a respective frame element ( 134 ) is designed to be closed in a ring shape. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 41 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 39 or 40, characterized in that the two supporting webs ( 140 ) and/or the one or more connecting webs ( 142 ) have a substantially constant width ( 144 ) transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a main direction of extent thereof. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 42 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 41, characterized in that the width ( 144 ) of the two supporting webs ( 140 ) substantially corresponds to the width ( 144 ) of the one or more connecting webs ( 142 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 43 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 41, characterized in that the width ( 144 ) of the two supporting webs ( 140 ) differs from the width ( 144 ) of the one or more connecting webs ( 142 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 44 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 41 to 43, characterized in that the width ( 144 ) of the two supporting webs ( 140 ) corresponds approximately to a sum of a wall thickness ( 152 ) of a cell housing wall ( 132 ) of a cell housing ( 106 ) of a galvanic cell ( 102 ), a distance ( 150 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ) from the cell housing wall ( 132 ) of the cell housing ( 106 ) and a width ( 154 ) of a deflection region ( 118 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 45 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 39 to 44, characterized in that a projection of a respective supporting web ( 140 ) of a frame element ( 134 ), in particular a region of the supporting web ( 140 ) abutting a cell housing ( 106 ) of a galvanic cell ( 102 ), along the stacking direction ( 104 ) onto a projection plane arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction ( 104 ) is at a distance from a projection of a respective common winding line ( 120 ) of a deflection region ( 118 ) of a cell winding ( 110 ) of a galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 46 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 39 to 45, characterized in that the supporting webs ( 140 ) of the frame element ( 134 ) and/or the connecting webs ( 142 ) of the frame element ( 134 ) have a constant thickness ( 146 ) in a direction parallel to a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 47 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 39 to 45, characterized in that the supporting webs ( 140 ) of the frame element ( 134 ) and/or the connecting webs ( 142 ) of the frame element ( 134 ) have a locally varying thickness ( 146 ) in a direction parallel to a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 48 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 38 to 47, characterized in that the intermediate element ( 168 ) is arranged in the interior space ( 138 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 49 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 48, characterized in that the frame element ( 134 ) is designed in one or more parts, for example in two parts. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 50 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 49, characterized in that two spacer elements ( 126 ), in particular two frame elements ( 134 ), are arranged between cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 51 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 50, characterized in that the frame element ( 134 ) is connected to the intermediate element ( 168 ) at least in some regions, in particular integrally. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 52 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 51, characterized in that the frame element ( 134 ) and the intermediate element ( 168 ) comprise materials that differ from one another or are formed from materials that differ from one another. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 53 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 52, characterized in that the intermediate element ( 168 ) forms a deformable compensation element ( 170 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 54 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 53, characterized in that the compensation element ( 170 ) can be compressed parallel to a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 55 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 53 or 54, characterized in that the compensation element ( 170 ) comprises one or more deformation elements ( 184 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 56 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 55, characterized in that an edge region ( 182 ) of a spacer element ( 126 ), in particular an edge region ( 182 ) closed in a ring shape, is of multi-layer design, the multi-layer edge region ( 182 ) forming a frame element ( 134 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 57 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 56, characterized in that a respective spacer element ( 126 ), in particular a respective frame element ( 134 ) and/or a respective intermediate element ( 168 ), comprises or is formed from a metallic material, a paper material or a plastic material. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 58 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 57, characterized in that a force flows between adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) in a stacking direction ( 104 ) of the battery module ( 100 ) exclusively or to an extent of at least approximately 75%, in particular to an extent of at least approximately 85%, preferably to an extent of at least approximately 95%, via the frame element ( 134 ) of the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 59 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 35 to 58, characterized in that a spacer element ( 126 ), in particular a frame element ( 134 ), arranged between the cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) is in each case integrally connected, in particular bonded, to the cell housings ( 106 ) of the two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 60 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to embodiment 59, characterized in that the spacer element ( 126 ), in particular a frame element ( 134 ) of the spacer element ( 126 ), arranged between the cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) is in each case bonded to the cell housings ( 106 ) of the two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) by means of an adhesive film ( 136 ), which is in each case arranged between a primary side ( 114 ) of a cell housing ( 106 ) of a respective galvanic cell ( 102 ) and the spacer element ( 126 ), in particular the frame element ( 134 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 61 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 35 to 60, characterized in that all spacer elements ( 126 ) of the battery module ( 100 ) arranged between two cell housings ( 106 ) of two adjacent galvanic cells ( 102 ) are of identical design. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 62 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 37 to 61, characterized in that the frame element ( 134 ) and/or the intermediate element ( 168 ) each comprise or form a temperature control element ( 178 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 63 
     
         
         
           
             The battery module according to any of embodiments 29 to 62, characterized in that the battery module ( 100 ) comprises a battery module housing in which the galvanic cells ( 102 ) of the battery module are arranged. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 64 
     
         
         
           
             A method for attaching spacer elements ( 126 ) to a galvanic cell ( 102 ), the method comprising:
           providing a galvanic cell ( 102 ) comprising one or more cell windings ( 110 );   applying one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) made of a castable, injectable and/or printable material ( 195 ) to a cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ).   
         
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 65 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to embodiment 64, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) are applied to the cell housing of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) by means of one or more of the following application methods:
           by means of a casting process;   by means of an injection process;   by means of a printing process.   
         
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 66 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to embodiment 65, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 102 ) are applied to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) by means of one or more of the following printing processes:
           by means of a screen printing process;   by means of a stencil printing process.   
         
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 67 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 66, characterized in that the castable, injectable and/or printable material ( 195 ) comprises a base material and spacer particles arranged in the base material. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 68 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 67, characterized in that one or more propagation protection elements ( 208 ) and/or one or more compensation elements ( 170 ) made of a castable, injectable and/or printable material ( 195 ) are applied to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 69 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 68, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) are applied to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) using an application device. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 70 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 69, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) are applied to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) with a locally varying thickness. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 71 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 70, characterized in that the one or more spacer elements ( 126 ) are applied directly or indirectly to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 72 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 71, characterized in that a plurality of layers of the castable, injectable and/or printable material ( 195 ) are applied to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) one after the other. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 73 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 72, characterized in that the castable, injectable and/or printable material ( 195 ) comprises or is formed by polyurethane and/or silicone. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 74 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 73, characterized in that a bump ( 197 ) and/or knobs ( 188 ) are applied to, for example sprayed onto, the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) as spacer elements ( 126 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 75 
     
         
         
           
             The method according to any of embodiments 64 to 74, characterized in that the castable, injectable and/or printable material ( ) is applied to the cell housing ( 106 ) of the galvanic cell ( 102 ) through a template. 
           
         
       
    
     Embodiment 76 
     
         
         
           
             A method for producing a battery module ( 100 ), the method comprising: 
             providing two or more than two galvanic cells ( 102 ) to which spacer elements ( 126 ) are attached by means of a method according to any of embodiments 64 to 75; 
             stacking the galvanic cells ( 102 ) along a stacking direction ( 104 ). 
           
         
       
    
     Overall, galvanic cells  102  and/or battery modules  100  comprising several galvanic cells  102 , which have an increased service life and which are in particular easy and inexpensive to manufacture, can be provided.