Patent Publication Number: US-6714710-B2

Title: Fiber optic cables with strength members

Description:
The present application is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/645,916 filed on Aug. 25, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,542,674, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to fiber optic cables, and, more particularly, to fiber optic cables that include at least one optical transmission component and at least one strength component. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Fiber optic cables include at least one optical fiber that can transmit data, computer, and/or telecommunication information. Conventional cable designs, however, can have unacceptable optical performance characteristics, and/or can require undesirable structural features that make optical fiber access difficult. In addition, conventional cables can be difficult to route through cable passageways, and/or can make the cable expensive to produce. 
     Cable designs that define a backdrop for the present inventions can be, for example, difficult to route through cable passageways and/or can be expensive to produce. U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,304 discloses an aerial service wire that includes a PVC jacket having a generally block-shaped cross section. Enclosed by the jacket are two groups of strength components, each of which includes a plurality of filaments that are impregnated with a plastic material. Moreover, conventional aerial fiber optic cables can be too large for some applications. For example, EP-A1-0629889 discloses an aerial cable requiring an optical cable central part with two metallic strain relief elements that are placed diametrically opposite to each other and adjacent the optical cable part. The strain relief elements are connected to the cable part by means of a jacket that includes web-like extensions between the optical cable part and the strain relief elements. In addition, optical cables of the single fiber type may not provide adequate data transmission capacity. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In an aspect of the present invention a flexible fiber optic cable having good tensile strength has at least one optical transmission component and at least two strength components, with at least one tensile strength member disposed between the optical transmission component and at least one strength component. The tensile strength member is preferably multi-functional in that it provides at least tensile strength and waterblocking enhancements. At least one of the strength components can have a nominal radius that is less than the nominal radius of the optical transmission component. The cable has a cable jacket surrounding the optical transmission component, the strength members, and the strength components. The cable has a jacket surrounding the optical transmission component and the strength components. 
     In another aspect of the invention a fiber optic cable comprises at least two strength components, an optical transmission component, and at least one tensile strength member disposed generally adjacent at least one of the strength components, a single strength member to a single strength component tensile strength rating ratio being about 0.1 to about 0.3. In another aspect, an overall multiple strength members to multiple strength components tensile strength rating ratio being about 0.25 to about 0.5. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
     FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an exemplary fiber optic cable according to the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     With reference to FIG. 1, fiber optic cable  10  according to the present invention will be described. Fiber optic cable  10  comprises at least one optical transmission component, for example, a buffer tube  12  having at least one, but preferably two, optical fibers  14  loosely received therein. The optical fibers are preferably silica-based, single mode fibers, but they can be any type of optical fiber including, for example, a multi-mode or dispersion shifted optical fibers. Buffer tube  12  preferably comprises a nominal outer radius R 1  of about 1.5 mm, and is preferably formed of polypropylene and blends thereof, but it can be formed of, for example, polyethylene and blends thereof. Preferably, buffer tube  12  includes at least one waterblocking substance, for example, a gel, grease, and/or a superabsorbent material. In the preferred embodiment, a waterblocking grease fills tube  12 . 
     In the preferred embodiment, the optical transmission component is disposed between at least two strength components  20  and four strength members  26 . Preferably, strength components  20  are solid, rod-like members formed of dielectric materials. For example, a component  20  comprises glass filaments impregnated and bonded together with a resin to define a single unit having a tensile strength rating of about 500 Newtons @ 0.5% strain. Strength components  20  have both tensile and anti-buckling characteristics. The bending modulus of a strength component  20  can be about at least twice that of a strength member  26 , thus strength components  20  are relatively stiff. 
     Strength members  26  are preferably tensile strength members, formed of a group of fiberglass strands. Most preferably, the strength members  26  are multifunctional, including fibrous strength members and a superabsorbent material disposed on and between the strength fibers. The fibrous strength members provide tensile strength, having a tensile strength rating of about 90 Newtons @ 0.5% strain. The superabsorbent material provides waterblocking protection for inhibiting the migration of water in the cable. Suitable strength members  26  are made commercially available by Owens Corning. In further aspects of the present invention, a strength member  26  to strength component  20  tensile strength rating ratio is about 0.1 to about 0.3. Assuming, e.g., a count of four strength members  26 , and assuming, e.g., a count of two components  20 , a further aspect of the present invention is an overall tensile strength rating ratio of about 0.25 to about 0.5. The combination of strength components  20  and strength members  26 , with their respective select tensile strength ratings, allows cables of the present invention to withstand high tensile loads and yet have a suitable overall bending flexibility. 
     Strength components  20  comprise a nominal radius R 2 , and preferably comprise a coating  24  adhered to respective outer surfaces thereof. Coating  24  may include a water swellable powder in a plastic matrix. Nominal radius R 2  preferably is, for example, about 0.5 mm to about 1.8 mm, but it is most preferably about 0.8 mm. In the preferred embodiment, the nominal radius R 1  of tube  12  is greater than the nominal radius R 2  of strength members  20 . 
     Optical transmission component  12  and strength components  20  are preferably surrounded by a cable jacket  30  formed of a thermoplastic, e.g., PVC or MDPE. In the preferred embodiment, fiber optic cable  10  is generally of a flat configuration. Jacket  30  of fiber optic cable  10  comprises generally arcuate sections  34  and generally flat-sided sections  32 . In the preferred embodiment, width w of fiber optic cable  10  is about 9.0 mm to about 10.0 mm, and the height h of fiber optic cable  10  or  40  is preferably about 4.0 mm to about 5.0 mm. 
     In the preferred embodiment, strength components  20  are located generally adjacent to optical transmission component  12  with strength members  26  placed therebetween. At least one but preferably both of strength members  20  are generally in contact with at least a portion of the optical transmission component. At least one but preferably all of strength members  26  are generally in contact with one or the other of the optical transmission component and a strength component, but most preferably the strength members are generally in contact with both (FIG.  1 ). In other words, in the most preferred embodiment, there is at least general contact between optical transmission component  12  and both strength components  20 , and between the strength members  26  and the strength components and optical transmission component. Alternatively, jacketing material having a thickness of less than about 1.0 mm can be interposed between the optical transmission component and at least one strength component (not shown). Additionally, the respective centers of strength components  20  and optical transmission component  12  are preferably generally aligned in a preferential bend axis X—X. 
     The preferred mode of manufacture of cables according to the present invention is preferably accomplished by operation of pressure extrusion tooling (not shown). The extrusion tooling is operative to extrude jacketing material  30  about strength components  20 , strength members  26 , and at least one optical transmission component  12 . As components  12 , 20 , 26  are fed into the extrusion tooling, a jacketing compound, e.g., polyethylene, is supplied under suitable temperature and pressure conditions to the tooling. The jacketing compound is channeled toward a die and a tip. The jacketing compound then coats components  12 , 20 , 26  thereby forming jacket  30  therearound. Pressure extrusion of the melt through on appropriately shaped die orifice results in the formation of a jacket  30  with generally flat sides  32 , as exemplified by the embodiment of FIG.  1 . Alternatively, tubing-on plus vacuum drawing the melt during extrusion can form jacket  30  as well. 
     An exemplary transmission component access procedure includes using a knife to shave off arcuate sections  34 , and sections  32  are peeled away from the buffer tube. The buffer tube is then removed with a ring-cutting tool, and the optical fibers can then be exposed for connectorization or splicing procedures. When installed, cables made according to the present invention should have a long service life, as the cables meet most if not all of TELCORDIA GR-20 and/or ICEA 640 mechanical and environmental requirements. 
     The present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing exemplary embodiments, which embodiments are intended to be illustrative of the present inventive concepts rather than limiting. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications of the foregoing embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims. For example, optical transmission component  12  may comprise at least one tight buffered fiber and/or a bundle of optical fibers. As an alternative to glass reinforced plastic, strength components  20  can be metallic or aramid fibers impregnated with a suitable plastic material. Additionally, more than two strength members can be included in cable  10 . Although a circular cross section for strength components is preferred, other cross sectional shapes may be used as well. The concepts described herein can be applied to many cable designs, for example, self-supporting, buried, indoor, and indoor/outdoor cable applications. Flame retardant jacket materials can be selected to achieve plenum, riser, or LSZH flame ratings. 
     Additional water blocking protection can be added. For example, at least one water-swellable tape or yarn (not shown) can be disposed adjacent to the optical transmission component. Preferably two water-swellable yarns can be counter-helically stranded about tube  12 . Cables according to the present invention can include at least one electrical conductor for power or data transmission, for example, at least one coaxial or single wire, or a twisted pair of wires. Ripcords and/or an armor layer can be added adjacent tube  12 . The fibers  14  can be loose, or in bundled, tight buffered, and/or or optical fiber ribbon form. One or more strength members  26  can be disposed away from the optical transmission component in locations other than as shown in FIG. 1, for example, on a side of the strength component generally opposite the optical transmission component.