Patent Publication Number: US-7218142-B2

Title: Switch matrix circuit, logical operation circuit, and switch circuit

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/238,037 filed Sep. 9, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,572, which application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 

   CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   The entire disclosure of a Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-58379 filed on Mar. 5, 2002 including its specification, claims, drawings, and summary are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a switch matrix circuit, a logical operation circuit, and a switch circuit. 
   2. Description of Prior Art 
   The FPGA (field programmable gate array) is known as a gate array that is programmable in the state of being implemented.  FIGS. 10A and 10B  show switch circuits used in the conventional FPGA. 
   The switch circuit  1  shown in  FIG. 10A  is provided with a transistor  5  and a cross-coupled flip-flop  3  connected to the gate terminal of the transistor  5 . Gates (not shown) for constituting logic are connected to the input terminals  7  and  9  of the transistor  5 . 
   The gates for constituting the logic may be connected to or disconnected from each other by turning on or off the transistor  5  according to the stored content (switching data) in the cross-coupled flip-flop  3 . Since the data stored in the cross-coupled flip-flop  3  are rewritable, connection or disconnection between the logic constituting gates may be changed for any number of times. 
   The switch circuit  11  shown in  FIG. 10B  is provided with a floating gate type of transistor  13  instead of the cross-coupled flip-flop  3  shown in  FIG. 10A . 
   The logic constituting gates may be connected to or disconnected from each other by turning on or off the transistor  5  according to the switching data stored in the floating gate type of transistor  13 . Since the data stored in the floating gate type of transistor  13  are also rewritable, connection or disconnection between the logic constituting gates may be changed for any number of times. 
   Therefore, using an FPGA provided with a number of switch circuits  1  shown in  FIG. 10A  or switch circuits  11  shown in  FIG. 10B , it is possible to change the logic constitution after implementation for any number of times. 
   However, the above-described switch circuit  1  or  11  in the conventional arrangement has the following problems. 
   That is to say, since the cross-coupled flip-flop  3  of the switch circuit  1  is a volatile memory element, the switching data are lost when power supply is turned off. Therefore, the switching data must be written to the cross-coupled flip-flop  3  every time the power supply is turned on. To avoid such a procedure, it is necessary to take such measures as keeping on a backup power after turning off the main power. 
   On the other hand, since the floating gate type of transistor  13  of the switch circuit  11  is a nonvolatile memory element, the cumbersome procedure or measures as required of the switch circuit  1  are unnecessary. 
   However, to rewrite the switching data of the floating gate type of transistor  13 , an operation voltage higher than that for reading is required. This in turn requires a special (programming) device for rewriting the switching data. Moreover, with the floating gate type of transistor  13 , the writing speed is considerably slower than the reading speed. Furthermore, the rewritable number of times of the switching data to the floating gate type of transistor  13  is about 10 5 −10 6  times, and is not so much. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   An object of the present invention is to provide a nonvolatile switch circuit, a switch matrix circuit, and a logical operation circuit, capable of solving the problems associated with the conventional switch circuits and capable of rewriting the switching data at high speeds without using a special programming device. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a switch circuit, a switch matrix circuit, and a logical operation circuit, capable of reliably controlling switch cells with simple constitution. 
   The switch matrix circuit according to the present invention is provided with a memory matrix section, a switch matrix section, one or more column choosing lines, plural memory row choosing lines, and plural switch row choosing lines. The memory matrix section is constituted with plural memory cells for storing switching data using memory elements, arranged in rows and columns. The switch matrix section is constituted with plural switch cells that take either conductive or nonconductive state, arranged in rows and columns corresponding to the memory cells. The one or more column choosing lines are provided corresponding to respective columns of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section to choose the memory cells and the switch cells belonging to the same column of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section. The plural memory row choosing lines are provided corresponding to respective rows of the memory matrix section for choosing the memory cells belonging to the same row of the memory matrix section. The plural switch row choosing lines are provided corresponding to respective rows of the switch matrix to choose switch cells belonging to the same row of the switch matrix. 
   The switch matrix circuit is arranged to choose an intended memory cell and a corresponding switch cell out of plural memory cells and switch cells using column choosing lines, memory row choosing lines, and switch row choosing lines, and at the same time to determine conductive or nonconductive state of the corresponding switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell chosen. The switch cell is provided with a switch choosing element and a switch field effect transistor. 
   The switch choosing element is provided with a control terminal connected to the switch row choosing line, a first input-output terminal connected to the column choosing line, and a second input-output terminal to be conductive or nonconductive to the first input-output terminal according to an input signal inputted to the control terminal. 
   The switch field effect transistor is provided with a gate terminal connected to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element and first and second switch terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal. 
   The logical operation circuit according to the present invention is provided with a switch matrix circuit, an input data line, an output data line, a pair of power supply lines, and a plural number of logic constituting elements. 
   The logical operation circuit constitutes a logic using the switch matrix circuit, and applies logical operations to input data according to the constituted logic to obtain output data. The switch matrix circuit is provided with a memory matrix section, a switch matrix section, one or more column choosing lines, plural memory row choosing lines, and plural switch row choosing lines. 
   The memory matrix section is constituted with plural memory cells, arranged in rows and columns, for storing switching data using memory elements. The switch matrix section is constituted with plural switch cells that take either conductive or nonconductive state, arranged in rows and columns corresponding to the memory cells. 
   The one or more column choosing lines are provided corresponding to respective columns of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section to choose the memory cells and the switch cells belonging to the same column of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section. The plural memory row choosing lines are provided corresponding to respective rows of the memory matrix section for choosing the memory cells belonging to the same row of the memory matrix section. 
   The plural switch row choosing lines are provided corresponding to respective rows of switch matrix section to choose switch cells belonging to the same row of the switch matrix section. The switch matrix circuit is arranged to choose an intended memory cell and a corresponding switch cell out of plural memory cells and plural switch cells using column choosing lines, memory row choosing lines, and switch row choosing lines, and at the same time to determine conductive or nonconductive state of the corresponding switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell chosen. 
   The switch cell is provided with a switch choosing element and a switch field effect transistor. The switch choosing element is provided with a control terminal connected to the switch row choosing line, a first input-output terminal connected to the column choosing line, and a second input-output terminal to be conductive or nonconductive to the first input-output terminal according to an control signal inputted to the control terminal. 
   The switch field effect transistor is provided with a gate terminal connected to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element and first and second switch terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to a control signal inputted to the gate terminal. 
   The input data line is the one for inputting data, and the output data line is for outputting data. 
   The logic constituting element is provided with a control terminal, and first and second input-output terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to a control signal inputted to the control terminal. 
   The logical operation circuit is arranged to constitute logics by making mutually conductive or nonconductive the input data line, the output data line, the paired power supply line, the control terminals of the plural logic constituting elements, and the first and second input-output terminals of the plural logic constituting elements through the first and second switch terminals of the switch field effect transistor of the switch matrix circuit. 
   The switch circuit according to the present invention is provided with memory cells, switch cells, connection lines, and switch connection control lines. 
   The memory cells store switching data using memory elements. 
   The switch cell takes either conductive or nonconductive state. 
   The connection line interconnects the memory cell and the switch cell. 
   The switch connection control line carries switch connection control signals of whether or not to interconnect the memory cell and the switch cell through the connection line. 
   The switch circuit is arranged to determine the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell. 
   The switch cell is provided with a switch choosing element and a switch field effect transistor. 
   The switch choosing element is provided with a control terminal connected to the switch connection control line, a first input-output terminal connected to the connection line, and second input-output terminal to be conductive or nonconductive to the first input-output terminal according to the control signal inputted to the control terminal. 
   The switch field effect transistor is provided with a gate terminal connected to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element, and first and second switch terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal. 
   The switch circuit according to the present invention is provided with memory cells, switch cells, and connection lines. The memory cells store switching data using memory elements. The switch cell takes either conductive or nonconductive state. The connection line interconnects the memory cell and the switch cell. 
   The switch circuit is arranged to determine the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell. 
   The memory element is a ferroelectric capacitor having a first terminal connected to the connection line, and a second terminal. 
   The switch circuit is further provided with a plate line and a rated potential generating circuit. 
   The plate line is connected to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor and used to apply a specified potential to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor at the time of writing and reading operation of the switching data to and from the ferroelectric capacitor. 
   The rated potential generating circuit is connected to the connection line to generate the rated potential corresponding to the switching data at the time of reading operation of the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor. 
   The switch cell is provided with switching elements. 
   The switching element has a control terminal connected to the connection line, and first and second switch terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to the control signal inputted to the control terminal. 
   While the features of the present invention may be broadly shown as described above, its constitution and contents together with its objects and features will become more apparent with the following disclosure in reference to appended drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram showing a switch circuit  21  according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a timing chart for explaining the switching action of the switch circuit  21 . 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are diagrams for explaining the polarized state of the ferroelectric capacitor CF at the time of switching action of the switch circuit  21 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a switch circuit  41  as another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  shows a switch matrix circuit  51  as still another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  shows an example of part of the switch matrix circuit  51 , in actual constitution, shown in  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a logical operation circuit  61  as still another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  is an example circuit diagram of a logic constituting section  79 . 
       FIG. 9  shows an example of logic circuit constituted in the logic constituting section  79 . 
       FIGS. 10A and 10B  show switch circuits used in a conventional FPGA. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram showing a switch circuit  21  according to an embodiment of the present invention. The switch circuit  21  comprises: a memory cell MC, a switch cell SC, a connection line or a bit line BL, a memory connection control line or a memory word line WLM, a switch connection control line or a switch word line WLS, a plate line PL, and a rated potential generating circuit or a sense amplifier SA, arranged to determine the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cell SC according to the switching data of the memory cell MC. 
   The memory cell MC is to store switching data using a memory element and comprises the memory element or a ferroelectric capacitor CF and a memory choosing element or a transistor M 3 . 
   The first terminal  23  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF is connected to the second input-output terminal  29  of the transistor M 3 . The second terminal  25  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF is connected to the plate line PL. 
   The plate line PL applies to the second terminal  25  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF, at the time of writing and reading actions of the switching data to and from the ferroelectric capacitor CF, a specified potential in a rectangular waveform in which an “H” potential (power supply potential VDD) and an “L” potential (ground potential GND) appear by turns. 
   The sense amplifier SA is connected to a bit line BL. The sense amplifier SA generates, at the time of reading action of the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor CF, a specified potential, an “H” potential (power supply potential VDD) or an “L” potential (ground potential GND) corresponding to the switching data. 
   The transistor M 3  comprises: a control terminal or a gate terminal G 3  connected to the memory word line WLM, a first input-output terminal  27  connected to the bit line BL, and the above-mentioned terminal  29  to be conductive or nonconductive to the terminal  27  according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal G 3 . 
   The switch cell SC is the one that takes either conductive or nonconductive state, comprising a switch choosing element or a transistor M 2 , and a switch field effect transistor M 1 . 
   The transistor M 2  comprises a control terminal or a gate terminal G 2  connected to the switching word line WLS, a first input-output terminal  35  connected to the bit line BL, and a second input-output terminal  37  to be conductive or nonconductive to the terminal  35  according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal G 2 . 
   The transistor M 1  comprises a gate terminal G 1  connected to the terminal  37  of the transistor M 2 , and first and second terminals  31  and  33  to be mutually conductive or non conductive according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal G 1 . Incidentally, the transistors M 1 , M 2 , and M 3  in this embodiment are all n-channel, MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors). 
   The bit line BL is a signal line interconnecting the memory cell MC and the switch cell SC. The memory word line WLM is a signal carrier line for carrying the memory connection control signal of whether or not to interconnect the memory cell MC and the bit line BL. The switching word line WLS is a signal carrier line for carrying the switch connection control signal of whether or not to interconnected the switch cell SC and the bit line BL. 
   Next, the function of the switch circuit  21  is described in reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 .  FIG. 2  is a timing chart for explaining the switching action of the switch circuit  21 . 
   In the early period of the switching action, the memory word line WLM, the bit line BL, the plate line PL, and the switch word line WLS are all at the potential of “L” level (ground potential GND) indicated with (a) in  FIG. 2 . The sense amplifier SA is set to off. 
   Therefore, both of the transistors M 2  and M 3  are set to off, and the bit line BL is pre-charged at the ground potential GND. Since the transistor M 2  is off, the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  maintains nearly the given potential (of “H” or “L” level) by the immediately previous action as indicated with (b 1 ) and (b 2 ) in  FIG. 2 . 
   Next, the potential “H” is given to the memory word line WLM as indicated with (c) in  FIG. 2  to turn on the transistor M 3 , and also the potential “H” is given to the plate line PL as indicated with (d) in  FIG. 2 . When the “H” is given to the plate line PL, the potential of the bit line BL becomes an intermediate potential between “H” and “L” corresponding to the memory content (or the residual polarized state) of the ferroelectric capacitor CF as indicated with (e) in  FIG. 2 . 
   Here, the sense amplifier SA is turned on. This causes the potential of the bit line BL to be the rated potential (“H” or “L”) corresponding to the above-mentioned intermediate potential as indicated with (f 1 ) and (f 2 ) in  FIG. 2 . In other words, the action up to here causes the potential of the bit line BL to be the rated potential corresponding to the memory content in the ferroelectric capacitor CF. 
   Next, the potential “H.” is given to the switch word line WLS to turn on the transistor M 2 , as indicated with (g) in  FIG. 2 . This causes the potential at the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  to be equal to the potential of the bit line BL as indicated with (h 1 ) and (h 2 ) in  FIG. 2 . 
   When the potential of the gate terminal G 1  becomes “H,” the transistor M 1  is turned on, and when the potential of the gate terminal G 1  becomes “L,” the transistor M 1  is turned off. That is, the transistor M 1  is turned on or off corresponding to the content stored in the ferroelectric capacitor CF. 
   Next, the plate line PL is made to “L” as indicated with (i) in  FIG. 2 . And the memory word line WLM and the switch word line WLS are brought to “L” to turn off the transistors M 3  and M 2 , as indicated with (j) and (k) in  FIG. 2 . 
   Turning off the transistor M 2  causes the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  to be separated from the bit line BL. At this time, if the potential of the gate terminal G 1  is “L,” the potential is kept unchanged. Therefore, the transistor M 1  is also kept in the off-state. 
   On the other hand, in the case the potential of the gate terminal G 1  is “H,” the electric charge accumulated at the gate terminal G 1  gradually decreases through parasitic resistance of the transistor M 1  and parasitic resistance of wiring lines. As a result, the potential of the gate terminal G 1  also decreases gradually. When the potential of the gate terminal G 1  decreases below the threshold potential of the transistor M 1 , the transistor M 1  is turned off. 
   However, it is possible to maintain the on state of the transistor M 1  until the next switching action by setting the time duration from separating the gate terminal G 1  off the bit line BL (indicated with (k) in  FIG. 2 ) to the next switching action of connecting the gate terminal G 1  to the bit line BL (indicated with (g) in  FIG. 2 ) smaller than the time constant of the circuit constituted with the gate capacity of the transistor M 1  and the parasitic resistance. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B  are for explaining the polarized state of the ferroelectric capacitor CF at the time of switching action of the switch circuit  21 . As shown in  FIG. 3B , in the case the content stored in the ferroelectric capacitor CF is “0” (corresponding to the polarized state P 1  shown in  FIG. 3B ), the polarized state during the switching action changes from the polarized state P 1  through P 3  and back to P 1 . In other words, the polarized sense of the ferroelectric capacitor CF does not reverse during the switching action. 
   On the other hand, when the stored content of the ferroelectric capacitor CF is “1” as shown in  FIG. 3A  (corresponding to the polarized state P 2 ), the polarized state of the capacitor during the switching action changes from P 2  through P 3 , P 1 , and P 4  and back to P 2 . That is to say, the polarized sense of the ferroelectric capacitor CF reverses once as indicated with P 3  and P 1  in  FIG. 3A  and then returns to the original state as indicated with P 4  and P 2  in  FIG. 3A . 
   Using the ferroelectric capacitor CF, the plate line PL, and the sense amplifier SA as described above makes it possible to realize a nonvolatile memory cell of the so-called destructive read type with high data re-productiveness and a simple constitution. Therefore, it is possible to realize a switch circuit that is simple in constitution and high in reliability. 
   In this embodiment, since the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  is connected only to the terminal  37  of the transistor M 2 , the transfer path of the charge accumulated at the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  is shut off when the transistor M 2  is set to an off state (nonconductive state). 
   Therefore, even after the transistor M 2  is set to an off state, the transistor M 1  maintains the previous state when the transistor M 2  was on (conductive) for a period until the charge accumulated at the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  decreases to some extent. 
   Therefore, even if the transistor M 2  is turned on and then immediately turned off, the transistor M 1  maintains for a certain period of time the on or off state corresponding to the switching data given through the bit line BL. That is to say, using the transistor M 2  of the simple constitution makes it possible to maintain the transistor M 1  for a specified period of time in the on or off state corresponding to the switching data without employing a special circuit for temporarily storing the switching data. 
   Therefore, after the switching data are read and the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cell SC is determined, for example even if the bit line BL is used for other purpose, the switch cell SC maintains the state corresponding to the switching data for the specified period of time. That is to say, it is possible to realize a switch circuit of a simple constitution, highly general nature, and capable of reliably controlling the switch cell SC. 
   Next,  FIG. 4  shows a switch circuit  41  as another embodiment of the present invention. The switch circuit  41  resembles the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1  but is partially different. 
   That is to say, the switch circuit  41  comprises the memory cell MC, the switch cell SC, the connection line or the bit line BL, the memory connection control line or the memory word line WLM, the plate line PL, and the rated potential generating circuit or the sense amplifier SA, and is arranged to determine the conductive or non conductive state of the switch cell SC according to the switching data of the memory cell MC. 
   The memory cell MC is a circuit for storing the switching data using a memory element, and comprises the memory element or the ferroelectric capacitor CF, and the memory choosing element or the transistor M 3 . 
   The first terminal  23  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF is connected to the second input-output terminal  29  of the transistor M 3 . The second terminal  25  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF is connected to the plate line PL. 
   The plate line PL applies to the second terminal  25  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF, at the time of writing and reading actions of the switching data to and from the ferroelectric capacitor CF, a specified potential in a rectangular waveform in which the potentials “H” and “L” appear by turns. 
   The sense amplifier SA is connected to the bit line BL. The sense amplifier SA generates the specified potential, the potential “H” or “L,” corresponding to the switching data at the time of reading action of the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor CF. 
   The transistor M 3  comprises the control terminal or the gate terminal G 3  connected to the memory word line WLM, the first input-output terminal  27  connected to the bit line BL, and the above-mentioned terminal  29  to be conductive or non conductive to the terminal  27  according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal G 3 . 
   The switch cell SC is a circuit that takes either a conductive or nonconductive state and comprises a switching element or the transistor M 1 . 
   The transistor M 1  comprises the control terminal or the gate terminal G 1  connected to the bit line BL, and the first and second switch terminals  31  and  33  that become mutually either conductive or nonconductive according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal G 1 . Incidentally, the transistors M 1  and M 3  used in this embodiment are both n-channel MOSFETs. 
   The bit line BL is a signal line for interconnecting the memory cell MC and the switch cell SC. The memory word line WLM is a signal line for carrying the memory connection control signals of whether or not to interconnect the memory cell MC and the bit line BL. 
   That is to say, the switch circuit  41  of this embodiment is constituted by removing the transistor M 2  and the switching word line WLS from the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1  and connecting the gate terminal G 1  of the transistor M 1  directly to the bit line BL. 
   With the above constitution, the switch circuit is further simplified. Using the ferroelectric capacitor CF, the plate line PL, and the sense amplifier SA as described above makes it possible to realize a nonvolatile memory cell of the so-called destructive read type with high data re-productiveness and a simple constitution. Therefore, it is possible to realize a switch circuit that is simple in constitution and high in reliability. 
   With the switch circuit  41  of this embodiment, however, the transistor M 1 , unlike the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1 , cannot be caused to maintain the on or off state corresponding to the switching data irrespective of the change in the potential of the bit line BL. Therefore, in the case switching data need to be temporarily stored in the switch cell SC, a separate circuit for storage must be provided. 
   Next,  FIG. 5  is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a switch matrix circuit  51  as still another embodiment of the present invention. The switch matrix circuit  51  comprises a memory matrix section MM, a switch matrix section SM, column choosing lines or bit lines BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . , memory row choosing lines or memory word lines WLM 0 , WLM 1 , . . . , switch row choosing lines or switching word lines WLS 0 , WLS 1 , . . . , row choosing plate lines or plate lines PL 0 , PL 1 , . . . , and rated potential generating circuits or sense amplifiers SA 0 , SA 1 , . . . . 
   The memory matrix section MM comprises memory cells MC 00 , MC 01 , . . . arranged in rows and columns for storing switching data using memory elements. The switch matrix section SM comprises switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . that take either conductive or nonconductive state, and are arranged in rows and columns corresponding to the memory cells MC 00 , MC 01 , . . . . 
   The bit lines BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . are provided corresponding to respective columns of the memory matrix section MM and the switch matrix section SM so as to choose the memory cells and switch cells that belong to the same column of the memory matrix section MM and the switch matrix section SM. 
   The memory word lines WLM 0 , WLM 1 , . . . are provided corresponding to respective rows of the memory matrix section MM to choose the memory cells that belong to the same row of the memory matrix section MM. The switch word lines WLS 0 , WLS 1 , . . . are provided to correspond to respective rows of the switch matrix section SM so as to choose the switch cells that belong to the same row of the switch matrix section SM. 
   The memory cells MC 00 , MC 01 , . . . are constituted the same as the memory cell MC of the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1 . Namely, each of the memory cells MC 00 , MC 01 , . . . comprises a transistor M 3  and a ferroelectric capacitor CF. 
   The switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . are also constituted the same as the switch cell SC of the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1 . Namely, each of the switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . comprises transistors M 1  and M 2 . 
   The plate lines PL 0 , PL 1 , . . . are provided corresponding to respective rows of the memory matrix section MM so as to be connected only to the respective terminals  25  (See  FIG. 1 ) of the ferroelectric capacitors CF constituting the memory cells belonging to the same row of the memory matrix section MM. 
   The sense amplifiers SA 0 , SA 1 , . . . are connected respectively to the bit lines BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . to generate a rated potential corresponding to the switching data at the time of reading the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor CF. The sense amplifiers SA 0 , SA 1 , . . . are constituted the same as the sense amplifier SA of the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   The switch matrix circuit  51  is constituted to use the bit lines BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . , the memory word lines WLM 0 , WLM 1 , . . . , and the switch word lines WLS 0 , WLS 1 , . . . , to choose an intended memory cell and corresponding switch cell from among the memory cells MC 00 , MC 01 , . . . and switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . , and to determine the conductive or nonconductive state of the corresponding switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell chosen. 
   As described above, this embodiment is arranged with the transistor M 3  interposed between the ferroelectric capacitor CF and the bit line BL. This makes it possible to connect an intended one CF of plural ferroelectric capacitors CF, CF, . . . constituting the same column selectively to a bit line (for example the bit line BL 0 ) through the corresponding transistor M 3 . 
   In other words, it is possible to read switching data selectively from an intended memory cell from among plural memory cells (for example the memory cells MC 00 , MC 10 , . . . ) through a bit line (for example the bit line BL 0 ). Therefore, a row choosing function may be easily realized by the use of these transistors M 3 , M 3 , . . . and to constitute a matrix section in a simple constitution. 
   Since the transistor M 2  is interposed between the transistor M 1  and the bit line BL, it is also possible to connect an intended transistor M 1  of the plural transistors M 1 , M 1 , . . . constituting the same column selectively to a bit line BL (for example the bit line BL 0 ) through the corresponding transistor M 2 . 
   In other words, it is possible to give switching data selectively to an intended switch cell of plural switch cells (such as the switch cells SC 00 , SC 10 , . . . ) through a bit line (such as the bit line BL 0 ). Therefore, a row choosing function is easily realized using the transistors M 2 , M 2 , . . . . 
   Moreover, like the switch circuit  21  shown in  FIG. 1 , even if the transistor M 2  is set to a conductive state and immediately set back to a nonconductive state, the transistor M 1  maintains either a conductive or nonconductive state for a certain period of time corresponding to the switching data given through the bit lines BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . . 
   Therefore, using the transistor M 2  for realizing the row choosing function makes it possible to cause the transistor M 1  to maintain a conductive or nonconductive state corresponding to the switching data for a certain period of time even without providing a separate circuit for temporarily storing the switching data. 
   For this reason, by arranging to perform reading actions to respective rows in succession and to complete the reading actions to all the rows within the above-mentioned specified period of time, it is possible to control substantially simultaneously the conductive or nonconductive state of all the switch cells corresponding to the switching data stored in the memory cells of all the rows according to the switching data. 
   In other words, a switch matrix circuit may be realized with a simple wiring arrangement that can control simultaneously the respective switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . . Namely, it is possible to realize a switch matrix circuit capable of reliably controlling switch cells with a simple constitution. 
   Since the plate lines PL 0 , PL 1 , . . . are provided for the respective rows of the memory matrix MM, it is convenient when reading and writing the switching data by the row. Therefore, it is possible for example to realize a switch matrix circuit suitable for word parallel processing. 
   Incidentally,  FIG. 5  shows an equivalent circuit as described above and the physical arrangement (actual positioning) of the elements is not limited to the one shown in  FIG. 5 . For example, the transistors M 1  constituting the respective switch cells may be positioned in any way according to physical positioning of objects to be controlled for connection and disconnection using the transistors M 1 , and need not necessarily be arranged in well-organized order as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     FIG. 6  shows an example of part of the switch matrix circuit  51 , in actual dimensions, shown in  FIG. 5 . This embodiment, the switch matrix circuit  51 , is arranged as a MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) type of semiconductor integrated circuit including ferroelectric capacitors. 
   This embodiment as shown in  FIG. 6  is arranged with transistors M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 , and the ferroelectric capacitor CF formed on a p-type of semiconductor substrate. The source regions and drain regions of the transistors M 1 , M 2 , and M 3  are made of silicon with high concentration of n-type of impurity diffused. The gates of the transistors M 1 , M 2 , and M 3  are made of poly-silicon or metal silicide. 
   The ferroelectric layer of the ferroelectric capacitor CF is made of ferroelectric material such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate) or SBT (strontium bismuth tantalate). The second terminal  25  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF ( FIG. 1 ) and the plate line PL 0  are made of noble metal such as platinum, conductive oxide layer such as iridium oxide, or laminated layers of these materials. The first terminal  23  of the ferroelectric capacitor CF ( FIG. 1 ) is made of noble metal such as platinum. 
   The bit line BL 0  is made of silicon with high concentration of n-type of impurity diffused. The memory word line WLM 0 , switching word line WLS 0 , and internal lines  53 ,  55 ,  57 , and  59  are made of aluminum. Incidentally, these wiring lines may also be made of other metals such as copper. 
   While the switch matrix circuit  51  in this embodiment is formed on a bulk board, it may also be formed for example on an SOI (silicon on insulator) board. Forming the switch matrix circuit  51  on the SOI board is advantageous because inter-element leak current is further reduced. 
   Next,  FIG. 7  shows a logical operation circuit  61  as still another embodiment of the present invention. The logical operation circuit  61  is constituted with the switch matrix circuit  51  shown in  FIG. 5  and realized for example as an FPGA. The logical operation circuit  61  comprises, besides the switch matrix circuit  51 : address buffers  63 ,  65 ,  67 , and  69 ; decoders  71 ,  73 , and  75 ; and a logic constituting section  79 . 
   The address buffer  63  temporarily holds address information inputted to specify a memory cell for the switching data to be written in, or address information inputted to specify a memory cell for the switching data to be read out, and a switch cell for controlling on and off actions (for conduction and non-conduction) according to the switching data read out. 
   The address buffer  65  temporarily holds part of the address information, stored in the address buffer  63 , for specifying a column of the switch matrix circuit  51 . The address buffers  67  and  69  temporarily hold respectively part of the address information, stored in the address buffer  63 , for specifying a row of the memory matrix section MM and a row of the switch matrix section SM. 
   The decoder  71  activates, according to the address information held in the address buffer  65 , a corresponding column out of the switch matrix circuit  51 . The decoders  73  and  75  activate respectively corresponding rows out of the memory matrix section MM and the switch matrix section SM according to the address information held in the address buffers  67  and  69 . 
   The logic constituting section  79  constitutes a logic according to the output result from the switch matrix circuit  51 , namely the on or off state of the switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . constituting the switch matrix section SM, and applies a logical operation to the input data according to the logic constitution to obtain output data. 
     FIG. 8  is an example circuit diagram of a logic constituting section  79 . In this example, the logic constituting section  79  comprises six row lines RL 0  to RL 5 , 12 column lines CL 0  to CL 11 , and four logic constituting elements or transistors T 1  to T 4 . 
   The row lines RL 0  and RL 1  are input data lines. The row line RL 3  is an output line. The row lines RL 4  and RL 5  are lines for supplying respectively a power supply potential VDD and a ground potential GND, constituting a pair of power supply lines. The transistors T 1  and T 2  are both p-channel MOSFETs and the transistors T 3  and T 4  are both n-channel MOSFETs. 
   Of the intersections where the row lines RL 0  to RL 5  cross the column lines CL 0  to CL 11  shown in  FIG. 8 , the five intersections P 1  to P 5  indicated with black circles are connected in advance. The 16 intersections Q 1  to Q 16  indicated with white circles are respectively provided with switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . shown in  FIG. 5 . 
   That is to say, the intersections Q 1  to Q 16  may be set to either connected or disconnected state through the terminals  31  and  33  of each of the transistors M 1 , M 1 , . . . constituting the switch cells SC 00 , SC 01 , . . . shown in  FIG. 5 . In this way the logic is constituted. 
     FIG. 9  shows an example of logic circuit constituted in the logic constituting section  79 . The logic constitution shown in  FIG. 9  is the one in which, of the 16 intersections Q 1  to Q 16  shown in  FIG. 8 , the intersections Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 6 , Q 9 , Q 10 , Q 12 , and Q 15  are connected, and others disconnected, to form a two-input NAND (negative of logical multiplication) circuit. 
   Although not shown, for example a two-input NOR (negative of logical sum) circuit, an inverter circuit, and a cross-coupled flip-flop circuit may be constituted likewise. In other words, according to this embodiment, it is possible to realize a logical operation circuit of a simple constitution that can be changed in logical constitution, and capable of reliably performing logical operations according to its logical constitution. 
   Incidentally, while the ferroelectric capacitor is employed in the above embodiments as the memory element for constituting the memory cell, the memory element is not limited to that. For example, ferroelectric memory elements made of a ferroelectric material such as a ferroelectric transistor may also be used. The memory element may also be of other type than ferroelectric such as a nonvolatile memory element or a volatile memory element. 
   Although the above embodiments are described as examples in which the n-channel MOSFETs are used as the switch field effect transistors, switching elements, memory choosing elements, and switch choosing elements, the present invention is not limited to the above description. For example, p-channel MOSFETs and other FETs (field effect transistors) may also be used as the switch field effect transistors, switching elements, memory choosing elements, and switch choosing elements. Also, transistors other than the FETs or elements other than the transistors may also be used as the switching elements, memory choosing elements, and switch choosing elements. 
   Although the above embodiments are described as examples in which the plate lines are the row choosing plate lines, the present invention is not limited to that description. For example, the plate lines may be column choosing plate lines provided to correspond to respective columns of the memory matrix section. It is also possible to use a single plate line connected to every ferroelectric capacitor of the memory matrix section. 
   While the above embodiments are described as examples in which the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section respectively comprise memory cells and switch cells arranged in rows and columns, the present invention is not limited to the above description. For example, the present invention may also be applied to the case in which both of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section respectively comprise memory cells and switch cells arranged in a single column and plural rows. In that case, the column choosing line is single. 
   The switch matrix circuit according to the present invention comprises a memory matrix section comprising plural memory cells arranged in rows and columns for storing switching data using memory elements, a switch matrix section comprising plural switch cells arranged in rows and columns corresponding to the memory cells to take either conductive or nonconductive state, one or more column choosing lines provided to correspond to respective columns of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section to choose memory cells and switch cells that belong to the same single column of the memory matrix section and the switch matrix section, plural memory row choosing lines provided corresponding to the respective rows of the memory matrix to choose memory cells that belong to the same single row of the memory matrix section, and plural switch row choosing lines provided corresponding to the respective rows of the switch matrix section to choose switch cells that belong to the same single row of the switch matrix section. This switch matrix circuit is also arranged to choose an intended memory cell and a corresponding switch cell out of plural memory cells and switch cells using column choosing lines, memory row choosing lines, and switch row choosing lines, and to determine either conductive or nonconductive state of the corresponding switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell chosen. The switch cell comprises: a switch choosing element having a control terminal connected to the switch row choosing line, a first input-output terminal connected to the column choosing line, and a second input-output line to be conductive or nonconductive to the first input-output terminal according to the control signal inputted to the control terminal; and a switch field effect transistor having a gate terminal connected to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element and first and second switch terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal. 
   Therefore, interposing the switch choosing element between the switch field effect transistor and the column choosing line makes it possible to connect an intended one of plural switch field effect transistors constituting the same single column selectively to the column choosing line through a corresponding switching element. 
   In other words, it is possible to give switching data selectively to an intended one of plural switch cells through a single column choosing line. Therefore, row choosing function may be easily realized using those switch choosing elements. 
   Here, since the gate terminal of the switch field effect transistor is connected only to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element, if the switch choosing element is set to nonconductive state, the moving path of the charge accumulated at the gate terminal of the switch field effect transistor is shut off. 
   Therefore, even after the switch choosing element is set to a nonconductive state, the switch field effect transistor maintains the state of the time when the switch choosing element was in the conductive state for a period of time during which the charge accumulated at the gate terminal leaks and decreases to some extent. 
   Therefore, even if the switch choosing element is set to a conductive state and immediately set back to a nonconductive state, the switch field effect transistor maintains for a certain period of time either conductive or nonconductive state corresponding to the switching data given through the column choosing line. 
   That is to say, using the switch choosing element for realizing the row choosing function makes it possible to cause the switch field effect transistor to maintain either conductive or nonconductive state corresponding to the switching data for a specified period of time without employing a special circuit for temporarily storing the switching data. 
   For this reason, by arranging to perform reading actions to respective rows in succession and to complete the reading actions to all the rows within the above-mentioned specified period of time, it is possible to control substantially simultaneously the conductive or nonconductive state of all the switch cells corresponding to the switching data stored in the memory cells of all the rows according to the switching data. 
   In other words, a switch matrix circuit may be realized with a simple wiring arrangement that can control simultaneously the respective switch cells. Namely, it is possible to realize a switch matrix circuit capable of reliably controlling switch cells with a simple constitution. 
   In this switch matrix circuit according to the present invention, the memory element is a ferroelectric capacitor having the first and second terminals. The memory cell further comprises a memory choosing element having a control terminal connected to the memory row choosing line, a first input-output terminal connected to the column choosing line, a second input-output terminal to be either conductive or nonconductive to the first input-output terminal according to the control signal inputted to the control terminal and to be connected to the first terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor. This switch matrix circuit further comprises: a plate line connected to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor so as to apply a specified potential to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor at the time of writing and reading switching data to and from the ferroelectric capacitor, and a rated potential generating circuit connected to the column choosing line so as to generate the rated potential corresponding to the switching data at the time of reading the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor. 
   Consequently, since the switching data are stored using the ferroelectric capacitor, the switching data are held even power supply is shut off. It is also possible to rewrite the switching data using the same action voltage as that for reading the switching data. As a result, the switching data may be rewritten without using a special programming device. It is also possible to rewrite the switching data almost at the same speed as that for reading the switching data. Therefore, the switching data may be rewritten at a high speed. Furthermore, the rewritable number of times of the switching data becomes about 10 15  times by using the ferroelectric capacitor, and is quite more than that of the conventional floating gate type of transistor. 
   Using the ferroelectric capacitor, the plate line, and the rated potential generating circuit as described above makes it possible to realize a ferroelectric memory element of the so-called destructive read type with high data re-productiveness in a simple constitution. Therefore, it is possible to realize a switch matrix circuit that is simple in constitution and high in reliability. 
   Interposing a memory choosing element between the ferroelectric capacitor and the column choosing line makes it possible to connect intended one of plural ferroelectric capacitors constituting the same single column selectively to the column choosing line through the corresponding memory choosing element. 
   In other words, it is possible to read the switching data selectively from intended one of plural memory cells through a single column choosing line. Therefore, row choosing function may be realized easily using those memory choosing elements. Consequently, the memory matrix section may be arranged in a simple constitution. 
   In this switch matrix circuit according to the present invention, the plate lines are row choosing plate lines provided corresponding to respective rows of the memory matrix section for connecting only to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitors constituting the memory cells belonging to the same single row of the memory matrix section. 
   Therefore, it is convenient when reading and writing the switching data by the row. Therefore, it is possible for example to realize a switch matrix circuit suitable for word parallel processing. 
   The logical operation circuit according to the present invention is the one that constitutes a logic using any of the above-described switch matrix circuits, and applies a logical operation to input data according to the logical constitution to obtain output data. This logical operation circuit comprises an input data line for inputting data, an output data line for outputting data, a pair of power supply lines, and plural logic constituting elements. The logic constituting element has a control terminal and first and second input-output terminals to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to a control signal inputted to the control terminal. This logical operation circuit constitutes logics by making mutually conductive or nonconductive the input data line, the output data line, the paired power supply lines, and the control terminal and first and second input-output terminals of the plural logic constituting elements through the first and second switch terminals of the switch field effect transistor of the switch matrix circuit. 
   Therefore, a logical operation circuit may be realized that is simple in constitution, capable of changing logical constitution and performing reliable logical operations according to the logical constitution. 
   The switch circuit according to the present invention comprises memory cells for storing switching data using memory elements, switch cells that take either conductive or non conductive state, connection lines for interconnecting the memory cells and the switch cells, and switch connection control lines for carrying a switch connection control signal of whether or not the memory cells and the switch cells are to be interconnected through the connection lines, and arranged to determine the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cells according to the switching data of the memory cell. The switch cell has a switch choosing element and a switch field effect transistor. The switch choosing element has a control terminal connected to the switch connection control line, a first input-output terminal connected to the connection line, and a second input-output terminal to be conductive or nonconductive to the first input-output terminal according to the control signal inputted to the control terminal. The switch field effect transistor has a gate terminal connected to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element, and first and second switch terminals to be mutually conductive or non conductive according to the control signal inputted to the gate terminal. 
   Since the gate terminal of the switch field effect transistor is connected only to the second input-output terminal of the switch choosing element, if the switch choosing element is set to a nonconductive state, the moving path for the charge accumulated at the gate terminal of the switch field effect transistor is shut off. 
   Therefore, even after the switch choosing element is set to a nonconductive state, the switch field effect transistor maintains the state of the time when the switch choosing element was in a conductive state for a period of time during which the charge accumulated at the gate terminal of the switch field effect transistor leaks and decreases to a certain extent. 
   Therefore, even if the switch choosing element is set to a conductive state and immediately set back to a nonconductive state, the switch field effect transistor remains in the conductive or nonconductive state corresponding to the switching data given through the connection line for a certain period of time. 
   In other words, it is possible to cause the switch field effect transistor to remain in conductive or nonconductive state for a specified period of time using a switch choosing element of a simple constitution without using a special circuit for temporarily storing the switching data. 
   Therefore, even if for example the connection line is used for any other after reading the switching data and determining the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cell, the switch cell maintains the state corresponding to the switching data. That is to say, a switch circuit may be realized that is capable of reliably controlling the switch cell, simple in constitution, and high in general nature. 
   In the switch circuit according to the present invention, the memory element is a ferroelectric capacitor having a first terminal connected to the connection line, and a second terminal. The switch circuit further has a plate line connected to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor so as to apply a specified potential to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor at the time of writing and reading the switching data to and from the ferroelectric capacitor, and a rated potential generating circuit for generating a rated potential corresponding to the switching data at the time of reading the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor. 
   Since the switching data are stored using the ferroelectric capacitor, the switching data are held even if the power supply is shut off. It is also possible to rewrite the switching data using the same action voltage as the action voltage for reading the switching data. Therefore, the switching data may be rewritten without using a special programming device. It is also possible to rewrite the switching data almost at the same speed as that for reading the switching data. Therefore, the switching data may be rewritten at a high speed. 
   Using the ferroelectric capacitor, the plate line, and the rated potential generating circuit as described above makes it possible to realize a ferroelectric memory element of the so-called destructive read type with high data re-productiveness and a simple constitution. Therefore, it is possible to realize a switch circuit that is simple in constitution and high in reliability. 
   The switch circuit of the present invention comprises a memory cell for storing switching data using a memory element, a switch cell that takes either conductive or nonconductive state, and a connection line for interconnecting the memory cell and the switch cell, and is arranged to determine either the conductive or nonconductive state of the switch cell according to the switching data of the memory cell. The memory cell is a ferroelectric capacitor having a first terminal connected to the connection line, and a second terminal. The switch circuit further comprises a plate line connected to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor so as to apply a specified potential to the second terminal of the ferroelectric capacitor at the time of writing and reading actions for the switching data to and from the ferroelectric capacitor, and a rated potential generating circuit for generating the rated potential corresponding to the switching data at the time of reading action for the switching data from the ferroelectric capacitor. The switch cell comprises a switching element having a control terminal connected to the connection line and a first and a second switch terminal to be mutually conductive or nonconductive according to the control signals inputted to the control terminal. 
   Since the switching data are stored using the ferroelectric capacitor, the switching data are held even after the power supply is shut off. It is also possible to rewrite the switching data using the same action voltage as the action voltage for reading the switching data. Therefore, the switching data may be rewritten without using a special programming device. It is also possible to rewrite the switching data almost at the same speed as that for reading the switching data. Therefore, the switching data may be rewritten at a high speed. 
   Using the ferroelectric capacitor, the plate line, and the rated potential generating circuit as described above makes it possible to realize a ferroelectric memory element of the so-called destructive read type with high data re-productiveness in a simple constitution. Therefore, it is possible to realize a switch circuit that is simple in constitution and high in reliability. 
   While the present invention is described above by way of preferable embodiments, the wording in the description is not meant to be restrictive but to be illustrative. Therefore, various modifications may be made within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.