Patent Publication Number: US-9416601-B2

Title: Top drive operated casing running tool

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The field of the invention is tools that assemble and deliver tubular strings into a borehole and more particularly top drive driven tools that allow circulation, makeup and movement of the string as it is assembled into the borehole. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the past manipulation, threading and circulation of casing or tubulars was done with a variety of tools such as fill up and circulation tools that featured a seal to the inside or the outside of the tubular to be able to pump fluid as the tubular string was lowered into the borehole or to initially fill that last segment that was added to the string before running in. Typically the handling of a joint to be added to a string was done with elevators and the threading was accomplished with tongs. Such tools are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,578,632; 5,971,079; 7,028,769; 7,665,515 and 6,173,777. 
     More recently systems have been developed that employ the top drive for rotation and axial movement of a tubular joint to be made up to an existing string and advanced into the borehole. These are rather complex devices that rely on cam pairs to convert rotation to axial movement of slips that cams the slips radially outwardly or inwardly to grip the inside or the outside of a tubular. They feature opposed cam pairs to allow slip actuation with bi-directional rotation and a lock position in between to allow for release. These designs are highly complex and expensive to produce and present complications that could require significant downtime for maintenance. The design is illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,424,939 and 7,909,120. 
     The present invention enables selective grip and release of a tubular joint to thread a connection and to rotate a string while facilitating release to get the next joint in the string connected. The device may include a lower end seal preferably in the form of a cup seal and slips in a housing that respond to axial movement of an actuating member. The actuating member is connected to a clutched drive that is engaged for power delivery and disengaged with set down weight from the top drive. Drive rotation turns a thread that is engaged to the actuating member to move the actuating member axially in one of two opposed direction for radial extension or retraction of the slip segments. With the slips engaged the string can be rotated while lowered or lifted. With the string supported from the rig floor the top drive can radially allow the slips to retract with rotation. Those skilled in the art will have a better understanding of the present invention from the description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings while recognizing that the full scope of the invention is to be found in the appended claims. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A casing running tool is connected to a top drive with a clutch that operates with set down weight against a spring resistive force. Setting down weight with rotation in a first direction raises an actuation member that pushes the slips out radially. The weight of the string then keeps the slips in position so that the string can be picked up and the rig floor slips removed followed by lowering the string while circulating and rotating. With slips set inside the joint and the string hanging free rotating the top drive rotates the string as the string is lowered. With slips again supporting the string on the rig floor the top drive can be rotated in an opposed direction with weight set down to back off the slips and to remove it from the top joint. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows the device in the run in position; 
         FIG. 2  is the view of  FIG. 1  with weight set down before the spring is compressed; 
         FIG. 3  is the view of  FIG. 2  with the spring compressed just before rotation that will extend the slips; 
         FIG. 4  shows the actuating member having moved up as a result of rotation that sets the slips; 
         FIG. 5  shows the slips extended on the multiple ramps of the actuating member; 
         FIG. 6  is a close up showing three of four slips in the set position; 
         FIG. 7  is the view of  FIG. 6  with the slips in the retracted position; 
         FIG. 8  is a detailed view of the spline inside the housing wall which acts as a rotational lock when there is no set down weight from the top drive. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  a top drive TD is schematically illustrated as supporting a top sub  3  at threads  30 . The top sub  3  is rotationally locked to driving nut  1  that is captured above shoulder  32  leaving an exposed annular surface  34  on which spring  5  exerts an upward force. Driving nut  1  is rotationally locked to top sub  3  with locking balls  9  although other ways to rotationally lock can be used. Drive gear  1  has an exterior gear pattern or splines  36  that in the  FIG. 1  position are engaged with an internal gear or splines  38  on driven nut or gear  2  and with splines  39  on an interior wall of the housing  7  when subjected to the force of spring  5 . Splines  39  are best seen in  FIG. 8  when the driving gear  1  is pushed down to expose splines  39 . Driven nut  2  is mounted to rotate in housing components  6  and  7 . Driven nut  2  is connected to actuator  10  at thread  40  such that rotation of the driven nut  2  by driving nut  1  through meshed splines  36  and  38  result in axial translation of actuator  10  into or out of the coils of spring  5 . As better seen in  FIG. 5  ramps  42  on actuator  10  engage a parallel pattern of inclined ramps  44  on slip segments  46  that are mounted for radial extension into casing  14  for contact with the interior of a casing joint  48  that is shown in  FIG. 6 . A flow passage  51  leads to outlets  55  for circulating fluid as the casing string is lowered into a borehole. A cup seal  12  has a downward orientation to hold pressure in the casing string  14  with returns coming back to the surface outside the casing string  14 . 
     To make the actuator  10  move axially, weight is set down with the top drive TD pushing the ring  50  against the top  52  of the driving nut  1 , as shown in  FIG. 2 . Further setting down weight compresses spring  5  and moves the splines  36  out of splines  39  and only into  38  to create meshing engagement as shown in  FIG. 3 . Note that in this position the actuator  10  is about even with the spring support surface  54 . At this point rotation of the top drive TD in one direction raises actuator  10  which pulls ramps  42  axially which results in radial movement of the slip segments  46  out until the wickers or grip profile  56  engages the tubular  14  on surface  48 . With the slips segments  46  wedged into the tubular  14 , the top drive TD is raised up so that the support slips in the rig floor that support the balance of the string below the tubular just threaded to the string, can be removed so that the top drive TD with slip segments  46  engaged to the tubular  48  now supports the string but splines have reengaged due to the return force of spring  5  and the fact that weight is no longer being set down as the entire string is hanging on the slip segments. At this point the splines on the driving nut  1  are engaged to splines  39  on the upper housing  7  so that top drive TD rotation simply turns the housing  6 ,  7  and with it the slip housing  11  that is secured to the housing  6 ,  7  with a fastener  4 . The top drive TD can be turned in either direction with the string weight hanging without risk of release of the slips. The driller can watch the weight indicator to determine that the hanging condition of the string is maintained before operation of the top drive TD in rotation. 
     It should be noted that spring  5  is optional and the same result can be obtained by moving a precise distance in either or both opposed directions with the top drive to get the desired engagement that allows slip extension or tubular rotation with the weight of the string hanging off the top drive as well as the release of the slips from the string when needed. 
     In order to release from the string  14  after filling and circulating through the string  14  as it is advanced into the borehole, slips on the rig floor (not shown) are set to support the string  14  from the ring floor and allow weight to be set down by lowering the top drive TD so that the  FIG. 3  position is resumed. At this point the top drive TD is made to rotate driving nut  1  and the driven nut  2  in the opposite direction than the direction that set the slip segments  46  to make the actuator  10  move back axially in a downhole direction to allow the slip segments to radially retract. When the actuator  10  moves down it will pull the slip segments  46  inward for a grip release. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that spring  5  can take different forms such as a sealed volume with compressible gas inside or a stack of Bellville washers for example. The top sub  3  can be a guide for the axial movement of the actuator  10  while conducting flow through the cup seal  12 . The rotational lock with balls  9  can be splines or other structures. The design is simple and can be built economically for reliable operation. Setting down weight allows extension or retraction of the slips when accompanied by rotation from the top drive. Without setting down weight and rotating the top drive with the slips extended the tubular supported by the slips turns in tandem with the housing  6 , 7  and the slips  11  that is non-rotatably attached to it.