Patent Publication Number: US-3879376-A

Title: Chitosan derivative, method of making the same and cosmetic composition containing the same

Description:
11111111661 Mates atent Vanierbergbe et a1.  
 1 1 Apr. 22 1975 CHHTQSAN DERWATHVE, METHOD 01F MAMHNG THIE SAME AND CQSMETHC COMPOSHTIION CONTAIINHNG THE SAME 1nventors: Guy Vanierberghe,  
 Montjay-1aTour; Henri Sebag, Paris, both of France Assignee: Societe Anonyme dite: LOreaL Paris, France Filed: May 8, 1972 App1. No: 251,263  
 Foreign Application Priority Data May 10. 1971 Luxembourg 63142 Apr. 18. 1972 Luxembourg 65186 US. Cl 260/2111 1R; 252/89; 252/352;  
 lint. C1. C07c 95/04 lFie11d 01 Search 260/21 1 R Primary Examiner-Johnnie R. Brown Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Cushman, Darby &amp; Cushman [57] ABSTRACT Chitosan derivatives formed by acy1ation of chitosan with a saturated or unsaturated organic diacid anhydride are employed as a skin moisturizing agent in a cosmetic composition comprising an aqueous solution containing 01-20 percent by weight of said chitosan derivative.  
 16 C1aiims, No Drawings CHlITOSAN DEIRHVATHVE, METHOD OF MATKIRNG Til-HE SAME AND COSMETIC COMPOSITION CONTAllNllNG THE SAME The present invention relates to novel macromolecular compounds derived from chitosan which present particularly advantageous properties as filmogens. as sequestrants of ions of heavy metals such as iron and copper and as skin moisturizing agent for incorporation into cosmetic compositions.  
  Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin, a natural polyglucosamine whose amine groups are acetylated and which is found in certain mushrooms and the shells of crustacea.  
  Since deactylation of chitin by alkaline reagents cannot be performed completely, chitosan, which serves as the starting product for compounds of the invention, comprises in its molecule both free amine residues and acetylamine residues. The degree of deacetylation of chitin is evaluated by determining by titration the percentage of free base of the molecule, which is generally located below 95 percent.  
  Chitosan is, by the presence of these free amine groups, a cationic polymer, which presents the major drawback of being insoluble in an alkaline medium.  
  Known derivatives of chitosan, obtained by alkylation of this compound, hardly differ from chitosan itself as far as their alkaline solubility is concerned.  
  To improve this property of chitosan, the applicants have tried to make its molecule undergo other modifications. The difficulties encountered in these attempts are explained principally by the fact that chitosan is so]- uble only in an acid medium, in the form of salts. Further, it is known that it is generally very difficult to achieve condensation or addition reactions on amine salts. The applicants have now developed a process which makes it possible to acylate chitosan. Thus, the present invention relates to chitosan derivatives obtained by the acylation of this compound by means of saturated or unsaturated organic diacid anhydrides, followed if desired in the case of unsaturated anhydrides, by the addition on the double bonds or compounds with primary or secondary amine groups to provide other functional substituents.  
  The novel compounds according to the invention are polymers having monomer patterns of the formula 4 (o) CH is R2 i wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl and n is equal to (a) O, in which case R R and R, each independently represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; methyl; hydroxyl; acetoxy; amino; monoalkylamino wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 12 carbon atoms or dialkylamino wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, said monoalkylamino and dialkylamino being optionally substituted by one or more amine, hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxyl, alkylthio wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 8 carbon atoms or sulfonic groups; alkylthio wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and carries an amine residue; and a residue of an oligopeptide such as glutathion or a product of protein hydrolysis, one at least of radicals R R and R, being a hydrogen atom and radicals R and R being able, in addition, to form together a methylene radical; and to (b) l, in which case R R and R, each represent hydrogen.  
  The acid and base groups which appear in the mole cules of the polymers according to the invention are able to be ionized in an aqueous solution, thus yielding salts either between two patterns B and C, or in the same pattern C.  
  These same ionized forms also appear in the presence of inorganic or organic bases and acids. The salts formed with these acids or bases are, of course, also a part of the invention.  
  These salts can be obtained with acids such as, for example, hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, lactic, tartaric or citric acid or alternatively with bases such as sodium 3 4 hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, lime, magcan be, for example, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhynesia, alkanolamines such as triethanolamine, triiso dride r C t aCCmiC anhydride. propanolamine, aminomethylpropanol, or ami In the case where the starting anhydride is unsatuthyl rop nedi l, or with a i id d more i rated, this acylation reaction can be followed by an adlarly amino a ids of a ba nat h as l i or 5 dition reaction which makes it possible to achieve a g i range of quite varied products.  
  The com ound ordi g t th invention are The addition reactions according to the invention pared, according to a process developed by the applican for the most P be Performed at 3 P above 7 and cants, by acylating the chitosan by means of a saturated at a temperature between 20 and for Several or t t d h d id f h f l 10 hours. Advantageously the reaction is carried out in a 3 R u R -C=C-H or R&#39; -JJ- 0 -C- 1 L 2 Y n l H C 0 O CO wherein R has the meaning given above and wherein nitrogen atmosphere.  
 when n is equal to O, R&#39; R; and R each indepen- The amino reagents, used in these reactions, are presdently represent hydrogen, methyl or acetoxy with the ent in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 moles per unsaturated proviso that at least one of these radicals is hydrogen pattern, this proportion being a function of the properand radicals R&#39; and R&#39;;, can further form together a ties desired. Thus, for example, in the case of polyfuncmethylene residue; and wherein when n is equal to 1, tional reagents it is possible to obtain, as a function of R&#39; R and R. each represent hydrogen, after which, this number of moles, mobile, clear solutions, gels or in the case where an unsaturated anhydride is used, the unds that are no longer soluble in water because product obtained can be subjected to an addition reacf too great a reticulation.  
 tion with at least a prim y n ry amine: Whose The reagents used in the addition reactions according hydrocarbon residue can be interrupted by one or more t h invention can be ammonia; monoor polyamines nitrogen atoms and/0r substituted by one or more such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylaamine, .hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonic or mercapto resimine, hexylamine, octylamine, dimethylamine, diethylduesamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, di-  
  The chitosan acylation reaction is performed by addethylehetriamlher tl&#39;icthylehstetramlhe and ing to an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt, having a thylehepehtamme; alkaholamlhes such as mohoethaconcentration of l to 20 weight percent thereof, alterholamihe, isopropaholamlhe and diethaholamihe; nately and by fractions, on the one hand, a base diluted CaptO-amihes such as p ethylamihel amines solution intended to release amine functions of the chiw acid functions such as glycocoh, alanine lehcihe 052m and to Salify the i f d and on the other 40 isoleucine, valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine,  
 hand, the anhydride defined above. The reaction is perlysine, cysteiheimethiohihe cysteic PehiChlamihe, formed between 10 and 50C and preferably between and mffthyhaurlhei f f f hlore complex compohhds 15 and 30C, by using 0.3 to 2 moles Ora saturated ancomprlsmg yp p lmkmgs as glutathwn and p hydride per equivalent of amine present in the chitotelhhydrolyzateswhen a mercapto-amine is used the San, or 1 to 2 moles f unsaturated anhydride addition on the double bond can also be made by the amine group or mercapto group.  
  For the preparation of the compounds according to the invention, it is desirable to use chitosan comprising from 70 to 95 percent of free amine groups. The percentage of these amine groups can be determined, in a known way, by dissolving of a sample in a known and excessive amount of hydrochloric acid which is determined back by a soda solution.  
  The chitosan that can be used for the purpose of the invention can also be selected as a function of the viscosity of their solutions. The viscosity of their solutions at 2 percent in 3 percent acetic acid, measured at 25C after 24 hour can vary from 3 to 130 centipoises.  
 equivalent of amine present in the chitosan. The anhydride can be used in this reaction either in powder form or in the form of a solution in an inert solvent such as, for example, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate.  
  Since the addition of the base causes partial precipitation of the chitosan, this reaction is performed in a heterogeneous medium. Further, since the anhydrides are unstable compounds in water, they can hydrolyze into the corresponding diacids, giving rise to a secondary reaction. However, despite these unfavorable conditions, the rate of acylation, computed from the acid number corresponding to this secondary reaction, is  
 generally greater than 70 percent All the compounds obtained according to the process The chitosan salts used in this alkylation reaction are, 0 of the invention can he precipitated from their aqueous for example, the hydrochloride or acetate, while the solution by modification of the pH and/Or by addition bases can be sodilfm or Potassium hydroxldei h of a solvent such as alcohol or acetone. Further, they and preferably, acid or neutral carbonates of sodium or can be isolated by other processes such as dialysis or potasslumpassage over an ion exchange resin.  
  The saturated anhydrides used can be, for example, The compounds according to the invention are solusuccinic anhydride, acetoxy succinic anhydride, methble in alkaline medium. They precipitate for the most ylsuccinic anhydride, diacetyl tartaric anhydride or dipart between pH 4 and pH 6; some of them are soluble glycolic anhydride. The unsaturated anhydrides used in an excess of acid.  
  The compounds according to the invention consti tute polyampholytes which present particularly advantageous properties in regard to filmogens and sequestrants of heavy metal ions.  
  Actually, the compounds of the invention present a particularly marked sequestering action with regard to ions of heavy metals, such as iron and copper, and in particularly slight concentrations. These ions, which generally come from water intake pipes, are particularly bothersome in certain industrial sections because they give rise to the formation of precipitates and they accelerate oxidation reactions. Thus, their elimination is particularly desirable.  
  Further, the compounds according to the invention remain in solution in the presence of alkaline earth ions, which advantageously differentiates them from natural polymers, such as alginates, which precipitate in an aqueous solution in the presence of these ions.  
  The combination of these two properties permits the compounds of the present invention to find a particularly interesting application as sequestrants of&#39; heavy metal ions in the food, pharmaceutical and textile industries. Their sequestering property in the presence of alkaline earth ions also makes it possible to use them in detergent compositions. Their ampholyte character makes it possible to associate them indifferently with cationic, anionic and, of course, non-ionic detergents. In these applications, they present, in relation to usual sequestrants such as EDTA, the advantage of being able to be used in clearly smaller proportions The compounds according to the invention further have filmogen properties. Actually, they give, on evaporation of their aqueous solution, perfectly transparent films, which are relatively hard and not sticky, and which can be plastic or brittle, depending on the particular compound selected. Further, the films are capable of exchanging water vapor with the surrounding environment without losing their film characteristics.  
  This property, joined to the characteristic, which most of the compounds according to the invention present, of precipitating from their aqueous solutions at a pH between pH 4 and pH 6 i.e., in the pH zone of the skin, has a very interesting application in cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations intended to moisten the skin or give it natural constituents.  
  The present invention also relates to cosmetic compositions comprising an aqueous solution of at least one of the compounds according to the present invention in amounts of 0.1 to 20 percent by weight and preferably from 0.25 to 10 percent by weight.  
  The cosmetic compositions of this invention also contain, besides the novel chitosan derivatives, thickening or agglutinating agents such as carboxyvinyl 5 tives, perfumes and the like.  
  These cosmetic compositions can be in the form of creams, lotions, gels, as well as in&#39;the form of oils or aerosols.  
 The novel chitosan derivatives of this invention can be used in the preparation of bath products and deodorants.  
  The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention.  
 EXAMPLE A Preparation of the product of condensation of chitosan with maleic anhydride (compound No. 10)  
  To 20 g of chitosan, having a viscosity of 3.5 gps (96 milliequivalents in amine groups), dispersed in 200 ml of water, there are added 8 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to neutralize exactly the free amine func-&#39; tions, with stirring to complete dissolving. If necessary,  
  the undissolved chitosan particles can be filtered therefrom.  
 Then there are added at room temperature, alternately and in four equal fractions, on the one hand, 164  
 g (192 meq) of a sodium bicarbonate solution at 1.16  
  meq/g, and, on the other hand, 9.4 g (96 millimoles) of maleic anhydride powder. Addition of each fraction takes 5 to 10 minutes, the interval of introduction between two fractions being 30 to 45 minutes.  
 When the reaction is completed, the acid number is measured and is determined to be 0.03 meq/g, which corresponds to a total acidity of 12.5 meq.  
  The amount of base introduced is the stoichiometric amount necessary to neutralize both the hydrochloric acid used to make the chitosan salt and the maleamic 4O acid formed.  
  The total acidity therefore takes into account the secondary reaction of hydrolysis. The rate of reaction is (12.5 X 100/96) 13%, and consequently the rate of condensation of maleic anhydride on chitosan is 87 percent.  
  The compound thus prepared is isolated in acid form by adding 190 ml of normal hydrochloric acid. The resulting precipitate is filtered, drained, washed first with water and then with acetone, and dried.  
  The perfectly dry product can be ground and is in the form of a very slightly tinted white powder.  
  Other compounds are prepared according to the same mode of operation. The starting products and reaction conditions are given in Table l below.  
 anhydride 1 20 3-4 50 TABLE lContinued Preci- Conc. Molar Reacpitaof Condenprotion tion Com- Polymer polysation por- Temp time 801- pound reactant mer reactant tions C. (hrs) vent No.  
 Chitosan itaconic ethyl (1 l7 cps) 2% anhydride 1 20 3-4 alcohol 60 Chitosan succinic (3.5 cps) 5% anhydride 0.5 20 3-4 70 Chitosan succinic ethyl (1 l7 cps) 2% anhydride 1 20 3-4 alcohol 90 Chitosan succinic water (3.5 cps) 4.57r anhydride 1 25 8 (HCl) 70 bis Chitosan succinic water (33 cps) 4.5% anhydride 0.5 25 8 (HCl) 80 Chitosan succinic water (33 cps) 3.5% anhydride 1 25 8 (HCl) 80 bis Chitosan citraconic (3.5 cps) 4.5% anhydride 1.2 25 8 100 EXAMPLE B The compound thus obtained is soluble in an alkaline P f h f I 20 medium and an acid medium. It can be preserved in fi g t e 9 0 i Q aqueous solution or isolated, by precipitation, either in prepare m xamp e g ycoco l the form of sodium salt by addition of ethyl alcohol, or  
  There are dispersed 7 g of compound No. 10, or 20 at the isoelectric point by addition of hydrochloric meq, in 40 ml of water. Then 10 ml of 2N soda are acid, in an aqueous or dilute alcohol medium. added to neutralize and solubilize it. To the solution 25 Other compounds, listed in Table 11 below, are prethus obtained there are added 1.5 g of glycocoll (20 pared by the same mode of operation.  
 TABLE II Preci- Conc. Molar Reacpitaof protion tion Com- Polymer poly- Addition por- Tern time Solpound reactant mer reactant tions C. (hrs) vent No.  
  Ethanol- 10 12% amine 1.2 60 5 Ethanol 1 1 10 10% Glycocoll l 50 I 10 7% Cysteine 1 20 l Ethanol l3 Methio- 10 10% nine 1 60-90 10 14 Methyl 10 8% taurine 1 50-70 9 15 10% Ammonia 3 50 120 21 Methyl- 20 12% amine 3 2O 24 22 Dimethyl- 20 10% amine 1 20 20 23 Diethanol- 20 5% amine 1 60 60 24 20 10% Glycocoll 1 60 21 25 Aspartic 20 15% acid 1 80 36 26 20 10% Cysteine 1 20 72 27 Ethylene- 40 8% diamine 0.14 90 3 Acetone 41 40 8% Sarcosine 10 24 I Ethanol 42 5% Serine 1.5 60 20 Ethanol 43 40 5% Cysteine 1 5 44 Glutamic Water 10 18% acid 1 -60 10 (HCl) 16 Aspartic Water 10 10% acid I 25 10 (HCl) 17 Ethanol 10 12% Leucine 1 25 24 Ethanol 18 10 4% Tyrosine 1 80-8 5 5 l9 Trypto- 10 10% phane 1 25 Ethanol 11 A Gluta- 10 4.5% thion 1.2 25 24 Ethanol 12 A Penicill- 10 5% amine 1.1 25 72 Ethanol 13 A For condensation, only one acidity of the two of the Glutathion is neutralized. &#34;The Pcnicillamine is solubilized in acid form in water and is reacted in this form.  
 meq) dissolved in 10 m1 of 2N soda. The reaction mix- The following examples illustrate embodiments of ture is then heated at 50C for 1 hour, under a nitrogen cosmetic compositions containing the compounds of atmosphere. the present invention.  
 EXAMPLE 1 A softening cleansing milk is prepared having the following composition in percent by weight:  
 Polyoxyethylene stcarate Glycerin monostearate (Arlacel 165) Vaseline oil Self emulsifiable PurCellin oil Lanolin Carboxyvinyi polymers (Carbopol 941 Triethanolamine Compound No. 70 bis Rose water Preservative [methyl phydroxybenzoate) Perfume Demineralized water, sufficient for The fatty components (polyoxyethylene stearate, glycerin monostearate, Vaseline oil, Pur Cellin oil and lanolin) are melted. This mixture is then added to a so lution of Carbopol 941 obtained by dissolving the Carbopol in one part of water and then neutralizing it with triethanolamine. An emulsion of the above components is then formed by stirring well.  
  Compound No. 70 bis is carefully dispersed in the rest of the water and neutralized by triethanolamine. Then the rose water, in which the preservative is dissolved, is added.  
  Finally, the preceding emulsion is diluted with the so lution obtained with compound No. 70 his and the whole is perfumed.  
 When applied to the skin, this milk gives an impression of freshness and softness.  
 EXAMPLE 2 A hydrating and protective cleansing base is prepared according to the same mode of operation as for the milk of Example 1, said base having the following composition in percent by weight:  
 Stearic acid 2.0 2,6,l0,l5,l9,23-hexamethyltctracosane (perhydrosqualene) C H 20.0 Glycerin monostearate (Arlacel l65) 2.0 Triethanolamine l.O Methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.3 Carboxyvinyl polymers (Carbopol 94H 03 Triethanolamine 0.3 Compound No. 70 bis Perfume 0.3 Demineralized water, sufficient for 100% This base has a good spreading power and assures a good protection to the skin.  
 EXAMPLE 3 According to the same mode of operation as for the milk of Example 1, there is prepared a softening cream for legs that have undergone depilation, said cream having the composition by weight in percent of:  
 Fatty acid ester (Put Cellin oil) 2.0 Vaseline oil 70 Isopropyl myristate 1.5  
 2.6,10,15,I9,23-hcxamethyltetracosane (perhydrosqualene) C l-l Lanolin Alcohols (Amerchol L lOl) Stearic acid Glycerin monostearate Hexadecylic alcohol Pure cetyl alcohol Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) Carboxyvinyl polymers (Carbopol 941) Tricthanolamine Perfume Triethanolamine Compound No. 10  
 Demineralized water, sufficient for When applied to the skin, this cream gives&#39;it an impression of softness.  
 EXAMPLE 4 According to the same mode of operation as for the milk of Example 1, a hand cream is prepared with the composition in percent by weight:  
 Paraffin oil 200 Stearic acid 6.0 Triethanolamine 3.0 Glycerol monostearate 2.0 Soybean lecithin [.0 Compound No. 10 3.0 Perfume 0.2 Preservative( methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.3 Water. sufficient for l007r This cream is very penetrating and imparts good suppleness to the skin shortly after its application thereto.  
  EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of an after-shave gel This gel having the following composition in percent by weight:  
 Compound Not Carbopol 934 Triethanolamine Propylene glycol Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) Perfume Water sufficient for l is prepared as follows:  
  A solution of compound No. 80 obtained by dispersing said compound in one part of water and neutralized with triethanolamine is mixed with Carbopol 934 neutralized with triethanolamine in propylene glycol. The preservative dissolved in water is then added to the whole. Perfume is then added to the resulting mixture.  
  This gel, when applied to the skin, gives it a feeling of freshness.  
 EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of a body cream with the composition in percent by weight Vaseline oil Oleyl alcohol Glycerol monostearate Stearic acid Carboxyvinyl polymers (Carbopol 941) Triethanolamine Propylene glycol Preservative Compound No. 10  
 Dcmineralized water. sufficient for EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of a hydrating lotion This lotion having the following composition in percent by weight:  
 Hamamelis water 5 Compound No. 80  
 Aminomethylpropanol Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) Perfume Water. sufficient for l is prepared as follows:  
  The preservative is dissolved in water. Compound No. 80 is dispersed in one part of water and aminomethylpropanol is dissolved in the remaining water. The resulting three solutions are mixed and neutralized with aminomethylpropanol. The hamaelis water and perfume are then added. This lotion, when applied to the skin, gives it a feeling of freshness.  
 . EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of a protective beauty cream Composition in 7r by weight:  
 Paraffin oil Stearic acid Triethanolamine Cetyl alcohol Compound No.  
 Perfume Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) Water, sufficient for 1 EXAMPLE 9 A perfumed bath oil of the composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Propylene glycol lsopropyl myristate Compound No. 70 bis Perfume Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) Water. sufficient for 1 Compound No. 70 bis is dissolved in water, after neutralization with aminomethylpropanol, then the other ingredients of the formula are added.  
 EXAMPLE 10 A bath cream of the composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Paraffin oil 40.0 Cetyl stearyl alcohol 3.0 Sorhitan monostearate 3.0 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate 4.0 Compound No. 70 bis 4.0 Perfume 0.2 Preservative (methylp-hydroxybenzoate) 0.  
 Water. sufficient for 10071 The novel chitosan derivatives can also enter into the composition of filmogeneous products such as preparations for coloring the skin, deodorizing products and antispot products.  
 As examples there can be cited:  
 EXAMPLE 11 A filmogeneous product of the composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Compound No. 70 bis Triethanolamine or base amino acids.  
  sufficient amount for p Propylene glycol Titanium dioxide Pigments Carboxymethyl cysteine Hexachlorophene Propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate Sterile demincralized water. sufficient for 10071 This product is used in skin care.  
 EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of deodorants for private hygiene in the form of an aerosol foam Compound No. 10 3 Triethanolamine or base amino acids.  
  -Continued sufficient for pH 7 Lauryl sulfate 30 Lanolin 2 Hypoallergenic perfume 0.2 Sterile water, sufficient for 100% To 90 parts of the above mixture there are used 10 parts of the following aerosol propellant in a 50/50 mixture: Freon, 114 (CClF CC1z)/Freon l2(CCl F EXAMPLE 13 Protective lotion The following composition is prepared in percent by weight:  
 Compound No. bis 0.5 Triethanolamine or base amino acids.  
  sufficient for pH 7 Propylene glycol 30 Sterile water. sufficient for 10071 EXAMPLE 14 According to the method for preparing the milk of Example 1, a protective day cream having the composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Stearic acid 2.00 Cosbiol 20.00 Glycerol monostearate 2.00 Triethanolamine 1.00 Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.30 Carbopol 941 0.30 Compound 11 A 1.00 Perfume 0.30 Demineralized water. sufficient for 10071 This cream assures a good protection of the skin.  
 EXAMPLE 15 An after-shave fluid having the&#39;composition in pering said compound in one part of water and then neutralizing it with triethanolamine, is mixed with the propylene glycol. The preservative, dissolved in water, and then the perfume are added. This gel, when applied to the skin, gives the feeling of freshness.  
 EXAMPLE 16 A protective cream having the following composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Paraffin oil 15.0 Stearic acid 5.0 Triethanolamine 2.5 Cetyl alcohol 3.0 Compound No. 18 2.0 Perfume 0.2 Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.3 Water. sufficient for 10071 EXAMPLE 17 EXAMPLE 21 A bath product having the following composition in According to the method of preparing the milk of Expercent by weight is prepared as follows: ample 1, a cleansing base having the following composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Propylene glycol 8.0 lsopropyl myristutc 1.0 Compound No. 13 neutralized with 22355 323 g f y P p Glycerol monostearate er ume Preservative (methyl-p hydroxybenzoate) 0.3 Ohol Water. sufficient for 100% Triethanolamine 1:30 Prcservative (mcthyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.30 Compound No. 13 is dissolved in water after neutralgiiggffl gfl 16 3&#39;38 ization with aminomethylpropanol. Then the other Perfume 030 above components are added thereto Demineralized water. sufficient for 100% EXAMPLE 18 In the above cosmetic compositions the following A bath cream having the f ll i g composition in components employed are more precisely identified as percent by weight is prepared as follows: follows:  
 20 Amerchol L 101 -L1quid. multi-sterol. non-ionic,  
  surface-active penetrant, emollient and emulsifier. fi raffin oiflf l 40.00 Sterols and higher alcohols are present only in their 0 Ohms and free forms. Anhydrous, oil soluble, water dispers- C (Lanette 0) 3.00 Sorbitun monostearate (Arlacel 60) 3,00 ible, practically odorless, tasteless and pale straw Sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) 4.00 Color Compound No. 42 4.00 P f O2 Cosblol Perhydrosqualene. Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.3 Carbopol 934 Carboxypolymethylene. water bufficem for I007 Carbopol 941 a carboxyvinyl polymer Pur Cellin Oil fatt acid ester wiith alk lated rami- The fatty components are melted at 75C. Compound fications y y No. 42 is dissolved in water with the preservative and What is claimed o the resulting Soluuon heated to 75 The l. Chitosan derivative consisting of randomly distribmelted components and solut on of compound l2 are med patterns of the formulae. mixed with stirring. After cooling, the perfume is incorporated. A  
 EXAMPLE 19 According to the same method for preparing the milk of Example 1, a regenerating night cream having the following composition in percent by weight is prepared:  
 Cetyl ether polyoxyethylene (10 moles) (BRLI 56) 2.00 Stearyl ether polyoxyethylene l0 moles) (BRlJ 76) 2.00 4 Glycerin monostearute 4.00 Perhydrosqualen (Cosbiol) 9.00 (B) Vaseline oil 32.00 CH OH Stcaric acid 2.00 Compound 70 his 5.00 Perfume 0.30 and Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.30 Triethanolamine 0.10 Dcmineralized water, sufficient for 100% EXAMPLE 20 A regenerating lotion having the following composition in percent by weight is prepared as follows:  
 Compound No. l2 A 2.00 Rose water 50.00 Preservative (methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate) 0.3 Perfume 0.2 Sterile dcmineralized water, sufficient for 100% H liH The preservative is dissolved 1n water, then compound No. 12 A is also dissolved. The rose water and co perfume are introduced therein and the whole is fill tered and dyed. 3-30011 the proportions of these three patterns being, respectively, to 30 percent for A, 5 to 40 percent for B and 30 to 90 percent for C, R representing a member selected from the group consisting of R 1T4 C C-HandR -=C-(O) -CH wherein R represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, n is equal to (a) O, in which case R R and R each independently, represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; methyl; hydroxy; acetoxy; amino; monoalkylamino or dialkylamino, wherein the alkyl moiety of each has 1 to 12 carbon atoms and wherein each is optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms or substituted by one or more amino, hydroxyl, mer-.  
 capto, carboxyl, alkylthio wherein the alkyl moiety has I to 8 carbon atoms and sulfonic groups; alkylthio wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and carries an amino residue; and a residue of glutathion, at least one of R R and R being hydrogen and radicals R and R being able to form together a methylene radical, and (b) l, in which case R R and R each represent hydrogen; and the salts formed by this derivative with a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, lime, magnesia and alkanolamine and an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, lactic, tartaric and citric.  
  2. The process of preparing the chitosan derivative of claim 1, consisting essentially of acylating in an aque ous solution a chitosan salt of hydrochloric or acetic acid, said chitosan consisting essentially of 70 to 95 percent patterns B and 5 to 30 percent patterns A, said aqueous solution of the chitosan salt having a concentration of 1 to 20 percent by weight of said salt, in the presence of a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and acid or neutral carbonates of sodium or potassium with a saturated or or unsaturated anhydride of the formula where R has the meaning given in claim 1 and n is equal to (a) O, in which case R R&#39;;, and R, each independently represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, hydroxy and acetoxy, at least one of these radicals being hydrogen and radicals R and R&#39;;, further being able to form together methylene, and (b) 1, in which case R&#39; R&#39; and R, each represent hydrogen, at a temperature between 10 and 50C.  
  3. Process according to claim 2, which includes adding to said aqueous solution of said chitosan salt, alternately and by fractions, said base in dilute aqueous solution and said saturated or unsaturated anhydride of formula Ill or IV as a powder or in solution in an inert solvent selected from the group consisting of dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate.  
 4. Process according to claim 2 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrox-.  
 6. Process according to claim 2 wherein the saturated anhydride is selected from the group consisting of succinic anhydride, acetoxysuccinic anhydride, methylsuccinic anhydride, diacetyltartaric anhydride and diglycolic anhydride.  
 7. Process according to claim 5 wherein said unsaturated anhydride is present in amounts of l to 2 moles.  
 of anhydride per equivalent of amine present in the molecule of chitosan.  
  8. Process according to claim 6 wherein said saturated anhydride is present in amounts of 0.3 to 2 moles of anhydride per equivalent of amine present in the molecule of chitosan.  
  9. Process according to claim 2 wherein said reaction is performed at a temperature between 15 and 30C.  
  10. Process according to claim 2, wherein the product resulting from acylation of chitosan with an unsaturated anhydride is reacted with an amine selected from the group consisting of ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylentetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, methanolamine, isopropanolamine, diethanolamine, B-mercaptoethylamine, glycocoll, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, as-  
 partic acid, glutamic acid, serine, lysine, cysteine, me-  
 thionine, cysteic acid, taurine, methyltaurine, penicillamine, glutathion, tryosine and tryptophane, at a temperature between 20 and 60C for a period of 2 to hours.  
  11. Process according to claim 9 wherein said amine is present in amounts of 0.1 to 10 moles per unsaturated pattern present in the chitosan molecule after re- (III) action with unsaturated anhydride.  
  12. Process according to claim 10 wherein the reaction mixture is kept for 4 hours at 50C.  
  13. Process according to claim 10 wherein said addition reaction is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere.  
  14. Process according to claim 2, wherein the product of the acylation reaction is precipitated by adding an acid to the reaction mixture.  
  15. Process according to claim 2, wherein the product of acylation reaction is isolated by adding an organic solvent to the reaction mixture.  
 16. The process of claim 15 wherein said organic solvent is an alcohol or acetone.