Patent Publication Number: US-2021187240-A1

Title: Catheterization System And Methods For Use Thereof

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/675,103, filed May 22, 2018, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The purpose of a Foley catheter is to drain urine from the bladder for a variety of medical reasons. However, due to the inherent risk of infection associated with Foley catheters, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) has published a list of recommendations for the maintenance of Foley catheter systems. Hospitals may make every effort to comply with these recommendations, but monitoring nursing compliance can be difficult. Some facilities have implemented daily audits of their patients with Foley catheters, but this takes time away from the many other tasks required of hospital personnel. In addition, patients who typically use Foley catheter systems are very sick and require constant and accurate monitoring of their vital signs, intakes and outputs, and other important bodily functions. Accordingly, there is a need to enhance the function of the Foley catheter system beyond simply draining urine. The apparatus and methods disclosed herein aim to collect real time data on the usage of the Foley catheter systems to assist nurses with the care and maintenance thereof. This would streamline Foley catheter monitoring, facilitate guideline compliance, and reduce the risk of infection to the patient. 
     SUMMARY 
     Provided herein in some embodiments is a Foley catheterization system including systems and methods for monitoring the maintenance of the Foley catheterization system. The Foley catheterization system can include a catheter, tubing, a drainage bag, and an indicator. The indicator may include at least one of a location indicator, a duration indicator, an elevation indicator, a tamper indicator, a dependent loop indicator, a floor contact indicator, and a patient securement indicator. The indicator may include a sensor configured to measure an attribute relating to the use of the catheterization system. The indicator may be communicatively coupled with a network. The indicator may be disposed on at least a drainage bag, catheter, or tubing. The catheter may include a sensor disposed adjacent a distal end of the catheter. The attribute may include at least one of a geographical location, a measure of catheter dwell time, an elevation of the drainage bag relative to a bladder of a patient, a fault in the electrical or fluid communication between the catheter, tubing, and drainage bag, a dependent loop in the tubing, a contact between a portion of the catheter system and a floor surface, and a detachment of a portion of the catheter system from the patient. 
     Also provided herein in some embodiments is a method of using a Foley catheterization system which may include providing a catheterization system having a catheter, a drainage bag, and an indicator, inserting a distal end of the catheter within a bladder of the patient, inflating a balloon disposed adjacent a distal end of the catheter, fluidly connecting the catheter with the drainage bag, and automatically detecting and recording an attribute relating to the use of the catheterization system. The method may further include the attribute relating to the use of the catheterization system having at least one of: recording a geographic location of the catheterization system, recording a dwell time of the catheter, recording an elevation of the drainage bag relative to the bladder of the patient, recording a fault in the integrity of a connection within the catheterization system, recording the presence of a dependent loop between the catheter and the drainage bag, recording a contact between a portion of the catheter system and a floor surface, and recording a detachment between a portion of the catheter system and the patient. The method may further include the indicator communicatively coupled with a network to transmit information relating to the attribute to the network to be accessed by a medical professional. The method may further include the catheterization system being used until an end point is reached, the end point being determined by at least one of a predetermined date and time, a predetermined amount of time having expired, a predetermined amount of fluid having been collected, or a predetermined event or fault being detected. The method may further include the catheterization system providing an alert to the patient or a medical professional. 
     Also provided herein in some embodiments is a Foley catheter including a catheter body having a proximal end and a distal end, a balloon disposed adjacent a distal end, a drainage lumen extending from distal end to a proximal end, an inflation lumen extending from the balloon to a proximal end, and a sensor disposed adjacent a distal end and communicatively coupled with an indicator disposed adjacent a proximal end. The catheter may further include the sensor and the indicator communicatively coupled by way of a wire disposed in a wall of the catheter body. The catheter may further include the sensor and the indicator communicatively coupled by means of wireless communication. The catheter may further include the sensor designed to detect at least one of temperature, moisture, pressure, or three-dimensional spatial location. The catheter may further include the indicator designed to communicate with the sensor to detect an attribute relating to at least a spatial location, the presence of moisture, the inflation of the balloon, or internal body temperature. The catheter may further include the indicator communicatively coupled with a network. 
     These and other features of the concepts provided herein may be better understood with reference to the drawings, description, and appended claims. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  provides an exemplary embodiment of a catheterization system including a catheter, tubing, and drainage bag in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  provides an exemplary embodiment of a catheter in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  provides an exemplary embodiment of a drainage bag in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Before some particular embodiments are provided in greater detail, it should be understood that the particular embodiments provided herein do not limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. It should also be understood that a particular embodiment provided herein can have features that can be readily separated from the particular embodiment and optionally combined with or substituted for features of any of a number of other embodiments provided herein. 
     Regarding terminology used herein, it should also be understood the terminology is for the purpose of describing some particular embodiments, and the terminology does not limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. Unless indicated otherwise, ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) are used to distinguish or identify different features or steps in a group of features or steps, and do not supply a serial or numerical limitation. For example, “first,” “second,” and “third” features or steps need not necessarily appear in that order, and the particular embodiments including such features or steps need not necessarily be limited to the three features or steps. It should also be understood that, unless indicated otherwise, any labels such as “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “forward,” “reverse,” “clockwise,” “counter clockwise,” “up,” “down,” or other similar terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “aft,” “fore,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “proximal,” “distal,” and the like are used for convenience and are not intended to imply, for example, any particular fixed location, orientation, or direction. Instead, such labels are used to reflect, for example, relative location, orientation, or direction. It should also be understood that the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, the words “including,” “has,” and “having,” as used herein, including the claims, shall have the same meaning as the word “comprising.” 
     For clarity it is to be understood that the word “proximal” as used herein refers to a direction relatively closer to a medical professional, while the word “distal” refers to a direction relatively further from the medical professional. For example, the end of a catheter placed within the body of a patient is considered a distal end of the catheter, while the catheter end remaining outside the body is a proximal end of the catheter. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. 
       FIG. 1  shows an indwelling Foley catheterization system  100  which includes a catheter  200 , and fluid collection or disposal equipment, such as a drainage bag  300 . As used herein, a drainage bag  300  is provided for illustrative purposes; however, it will be appreciated that other examples of fluid collection or disposal equipment, including various appropriate shapes, sizes, and materials, also fall within the scope of the present invention. The catheter  200  may be fluidly connected to the drainage bag  300  by tubing  110 . The tubing  110  may include various clips or attachment structures  120  which may conveniently attach excess tubing to adjacent clothing, equipment, bed rails, wheel chairs, or the like, to prevent the tubing from touching the ground or becoming entangled as the patient moves around. The catheterization system  100  may further include a stabilization device  114  which may secure a proximal end of the catheter  200  to the patient. Exemplary stabilization devices can be found in: U.S. Pat. No. 8,900,196, filed Apr. 20, 2012, and titled, “Anchoring System”; U.S. Pat. No. 9,480,821, filed Jan. 30, 2012, and titled, “Anchoring System For A Medical Article”; U.S. Pat. No. 9,642,987, filed Feb. 7, 2008, and titled, “Anchoring System For A Catheter”; and U.S. Pat. No. 9,731,097, filed Jul. 3, 2012, and titled, “Stabilizing Device Having A Locking Collet”, each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     The catheterization system  100  may further include additional equipment to facilitate the insertion and use of the indwelling catheter system. Such equipment may include lubrication, a sterile barrier, sterilization swabs, sterile gloves, instructions for use, and various other equipment for facilitating the insertion of the Foley catheter while minimizing the risk of introducing infection to the patient. 
     The catheterization system  100  may include one or more indicators configured to detect one or more given attributes. As used herein, it will be appreciated that the indicator may include sensors coupled with various other components necessary for the detecting, transmitting, displaying and recording of metrics which represent the one or more given attributes. It will be appreciated that the various other components necessary for the detecting, transmitting, displaying and recording of metrics may include mechanical and/or electrical components. Exemplary components may include, but are not limited to, sensors, bimetallic strips, wires, capacitors, digital displays, power sources, and the like. It will be appreciated that the indicator will include the necessary components in order to detect and indicate the one or more given attributes and are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. 
     In an embodiment, the catheterization system  100  may include a location indicator  130 , a duration indicator  140 , an elevation indicator  150 , a tamper indicator  160 , a dependent loop indicator  170 , a floor contact indicator  180 , and a patient securement indicator  190 , each of which is described in detail below. As used herein, it will be appreciated two or more of location indicator  130 , duration indicator  140 , elevation indicator  150 , tamper indicator  160 , dependent loop indicator  170 , floor contact indicator  180 , and patient securement indicator  190  may be combined in a single indicator apparatus. Stated differently, a single indicator apparatus may be configured to detect one or more of the given attributes detected by location indicator  130 , duration indicator  140 , elevation indicator  150 , tamper indicator  160 , dependent loop indicator  170 , floor contact indicator  180 , and patient securement indicator  190 . 
       FIG. 2  shows an exemplary catheter  200  which may be used as part of the catheterization system  100 . The catheter  200  may include a catheter body  212  having a proximal end  214  and a distal end  216 . The distal end  216  may include a catheter tip  252  with a rounded, atraumatic end. A balloon  232  is located near the distal end  216  of the catheter adjacent the tip  252  of the catheter  200 . In use, once a distal end  216  of catheter  200  is located within the bladder, balloon  232  may be inflated, using an inflation apparatus (not shown), to anchor the distal end  216  within the bladder. An exemplary inflation apparatus may include a syringe that is fluidly connected with the balloon  232  by way of an inflation lumen  230 . 
     A drainage lumen  240  extends longitudinally within the catheter body  212  from proximal end  214  to drainage eye(s)  242  in the side wall(s) of tip  252 , and is in fluid communication with drainage eye(s)  242 . Although a single drainage eye  242  is illustrated, it is contemplated that the tip  252  may include multiple drainage eyes  242 . Drainage eye(s)  242  permit fluid to enter the drainage lumen  240 . Drainage eye(s)  242  may be burnished and polished for added smoothness to maximize patient comfort. Drainage eye(s)  242  may be relatively large holes to reduce clotting and maximize urine flow. 
     The proximal end  214  of the drainage lumen  240  is placed in fluid communication with fluid collection or disposal equipment, such as a drainage bag  300 . The proximal end  214  of catheter  200  may include a drainage port  244  in fluid communication with the drainage lumen  240 . Optionally, the proximal end  214  of catheter  200  may include a one-way drainage valve  246  that only allows fluid to drain proximally from the catheter  200 , and prevents reflux of drained urine back into the catheter  200 . Also, proximal end  214  of catheter  200  may include or be attached to other communication valves, chambers, funnels, or other devices through which the drainage lumen  240  communicates and/or attaches to the fluid collection or disposal equipment. 
     The inflation lumen  230  is formed within the wall of the catheter body  212  and extends from an inflation eye  238  inside of the balloon  232  to the proximal end  214  of catheter body  212 . Catheter body  212  may include a branching arm  218  in a proximal region of the catheter body  212  through which the inflation lumen  230  passes. In use, balloon  232  is inflated once the distal end  216  of catheter  200  is positioned within a bladder of the body of the patient, which serves to anchor the distal end  216  in the bladder. The proximal end  214  of catheter  200  may include an inflation port  234  in fluid communication with the inflation lumen  230  of the catheter  200 . Optionally, the proximal end  214  of catheter  200  may also include an inflation valve  236  that prevents fluid flow in the inflation lumen  230  unless the proximal end  214  is connected to a syringe or other means for inflating or deflating the balloon  232 . 
     In an embodiment, catheter  200  may include one or more of location indicator  130 , duration indicator  140 , elevation indicator  150 , tamper indicator  160 , dependent loop indicator  170 , floor contact indicator  180 , patient securement indicator  190 , and components thereof. By way of example, catheter  200  may include a sensor  220  located adjacent a distal end  216 . Sensor  220  may be configured to detect one or more attributes, and may be communicatively coupled with one or more of location indicator  130 , duration indicator  140 , elevation indicator  150 , tamper indicator  160 , dependent loop indicator  170 , floor contact indicator  180 , and patient securement indicator  190  (hereinafter collectively termed “indicators  290 ”). One or more of indicators  290  may be disposed on the catheter body  212 , adjacent a proximal end  214 . In an embodiment, sensor  220  at a distal end  216  may be communicatively coupled with one or more of indicators  290  at a proximal end  214 , either by way of a wire  250  disposed within a wall of the catheter body  212 , or by way of a wireless connection. As used herein, wireless communications may include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, radio, ultrasound, or similar electro-magnetic or physical (acoustic) wireless communications modes, known in the art. In an embodiment, sensor  220  may be communicatively coupled, either by wired or wireless connection, with one or more indicators  290  disposed on tubing  110 , stabilization device  114 , drainage bag  300 , or combinations thereof. Although only a single sensor  220  is illustrated adjacent a distal end  216 , it is contemplated that catheter  200  may include multiple sensors  220  located adjacent a distal end  216 , a proximal end  214 , within a catheter body  212 , or combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 3  shows an exemplary fluid collection/disposal equipment, such as a drainage bag  300 . Drainage bag  300  may include an inlet port  334  which may be fluidly connected to tubing  110 . Optionally, inlet port  334  of drainage bag  300  may include a one-way inlet valve  336  that only allows fluid to drain into drainage bag  300 , and prevents reflux of drained urine back into the tubing  110 . Drainage bag  300  may further include a drainage port  344 . Optionally, drainage port  344  may also include a one-way drainage valve  346  that only allows fluid to drain out of drainage bag  300 , and prevents reflux of drained urine back into the drainage bag  300 . Drainage port  344  may be fluidly connected to tubing  310  and associated connection structures (e.g. tap, spigot, or similar valve) that allows the drainage bag  300  to be emptied and reused if necessary. 
     Drainage bag  300  may include graded markings  350 , used to denote volume or similar indication of the amount of fluid collected in the drainage bag  300 . Drainage bag  300  may include an attachment structure  320 , such as a clip, hook, or loop. The attachment structure  320  may allow the drainage bag to be attached to, or suspended from, adjacent clothing or equipment such as a belt, bedrail, wheel chair, or the like. The attachment structure  320  is configured to withstand both the weight of the drainage bag  300  as well as any fluid disposed therein. 
     As discussed herein, the catheterization system  100  may include one or more of location indicator  130 , duration indicator  140 , elevation indicator  150 , tamper indicator  160 , dependent loop indicator  170 , floor contact indicator  180 , and patient securement indicator  190 , collectively termed “indicators”  290 . Each of the indicators  290  may be communicatively coupled with a network. As used herein, a network may include a Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN), intranet, internet, a ‘cloud’ based network, or a similar centralized or decentralized, wired or wireless network which falls within the scope of the present invention. In an embodiment, each of the indicators may detect one or more given attributes and associated metrics and transmits these attributes to the network, such as an Electronic Health Record (“EHR”) or Electronic Medical Record (“EMR”) system, or the like. The network may then be configured to record and display these metrics. 
     In an embodiment, a location indicator  130  may include an apparatus for detecting a physical or geographic location of the catheterization system. The location indicator  130  may work in conjunction with various electromagnetic or magnetic fields to determine the relative position of the location indicator  130 , and therefore the associated catheterization system  100 , within a given area. The location indicator  130  may further record the date and time associated with the location, as well. For example, the location indicator  130  may include a Global Positioning System (“GPS”) sensor configured to triangulate a relative location based off of GPS signals. Similarly, the location indicator  130  may use Wi-Fi  33  signals, GSM cellular phone signals, geomagnetic field, or similar natural or artificial, permanent or electro-magnetic fields, combinations thereof, or the like, to triangulate a location. In an embodiment, the location indicator  130  may record a location at set events (e.g. when the catheter  200  was inserted, when the catheter  200  was removed), or at set time intervals (e.g. every hour, minute, or second.) 
     In an embodiment, the location indicator  130  may further include identification information detailing information specific to the individual device used and the patient with which it is used, or the like. Device information may include make, model, serial numbers, instructions for use, contraindications, or the like. Patient information may include, name, date of birth, medical record number (“MRN”), address, telephone number(s), specific directives, specific allergies, or the like. Such information may be communicated to the network with which the location indicator  130  is communicatively coupled. In an embodiment such information may already be stored on the network and the identification information may be linked to the device and/or patient by way of a key (e.g. serial number or MRN key) stored on the location indicator  130 . It is contemplated that such identifying information may also be included with each of the indicators  290 , associated with a catheterization system  100 . In an embodiment, such identifying information may be included as part of a separate identification indicator (not shown), distinct from that of the indicators  290 . 
     In an embodiment, a duration indicator  140  may detect and record real-time duration of use of a catheterization system  100 . For example, the duration indicator  140  may detect and record the date and time that the catheter was inserted as well as the date and time that the catheter  200  should be replaced, in accordance with predetermined guidelines. The duration indicator  140  may include a timer, clock, or similar indicator of real-time, which may be initiated automatically at a ‘start point’ of use of the catheterization system  100 , commonly termed ‘dwell time’. For example, duration indicator  140  may be communicatively coupled with one or more sensors that may detect when a distal end  216  is disposed within a bladder, when balloon  232  has been inflated, when catheter  200  is connected to the tubing  110  and/or drainage bag  300 , when urine has started to flow, or the like. One or more of these attributes may be used to by the catheterization system  100  to automatically determine a ‘start point’ of dwell time. Similar attributes may also be used to automatically determine an ‘end point’ of use or dwell time. 
     In embodiments, the duration indicator  140  may include a ‘stopwatch’ which detects and records the amount of time elapsed since a start point of use. The duration indicator  140  may include a ‘timer’ which measures the amount of time until an end point of use. In embodiments, different components of the catheterization system  100 , e.g. catheter  200 , tubing  110 , drainage bag  300 , may have to be replaced at different times. Stated differently, the components of the catheterization system  100  may have individual start/end points. Accordingly, the duration indicator may track separate start points, end points, and usage or dwell times for the various components of the catheterization system  100 . 
     The duration indicator  140  may include a display configured to show the patient or medical professional the attributes detected and recorded by the duration indicator  140 . The duration indicator  140  may include various audio, visual, or tactile alerts, to alert a patient or medical professional of when the catheter  200  is due to be changed, or is needing to be changed immediately. The duration indicator  140  may also alert a medical professional by way of the network, to which it is communicatively coupled as discussed herein. In an embodiment, the duration indicator  140  may include a percentage bar, progress bar, or similar graphical visual indicator of real-time. 
     Advantageously, the automatic initiation of the duration indicator  140  would both reduce the work load for the medical professional and remove the possibility of human error. Currently, when Foley catheters lacking a duration indicator  140  are used, a medical professional must record the date and time of when the catheter was inserted. From this, the date and time for replacing the catheter, in accordance with guidelines, may be calculated. However, if a medical professional fails to record the start date and time, or the information is lost, or communicated incorrectly, this may lead to complications. For example, the catheter may be left in place longer than is recommended, resulting in the potential malfunctions of the catheter system or an increased risk of infections due to prolonged use. Alternatively, the catheter is removed and discarded prematurely leading to an unnecessary patient discomfort from excessive exchanges of catheters, increased risk of infections during the exchange process, and increased costs for the patient due unnecessary use of equipment. 
     In an embodiment, an elevation indicator  150  may detect and record the elevation of drainage bag  300  relative to the bladder. In use, a catheterization system  100  may rely on a passive, gravity fed, system to maintain a correct flow of urine from the bladder to the drainage bag  300 . However, if the drainage bag  300  is positioned above the bladder, urine will fail to flow correctly, creating discomfort or potentially hazardous conditions for the patient. An elevation indicator  150  may determine if the drainage bag  300  is situated correctly, below the bladder of the patient. In an embodiment, the elevation indicator  150  may work in conjunction with one or more sensors either located on the drainage bag  300 , catheter  200 , tubing  110 , stabilization device  114 , or combinations thereof, or the like. For example, a sensor  220 , located adjacent a distal end  216  of the catheter  200  may determine the location of the bladder and may be communicatively coupled with an elevation indicator  150  located adjacent an inlet port  334  of the drainage bag  300 . The relative positions of the elevation indicator  150  and sensor  220  may be used to determine if the drainage bag  300  is situated correctly, below the bladder. Should the elevation indicator  150  determine that the drainage bag  300  is not correctly situated, the elevation indicator  150  may alert a patient by way of a suitable audio, visual, or tactile alerts, or may alert a medical professional by way of the network, to which it is communicatively coupled as discussed herein, or combinations thereof. 
     In an embodiment, the elevation indicator  150  may work in conjunction with a location indicator  130 . As discussed herein the location indicator  130  may include a GPS sensor, or similar sensor that is capable of determining elevation. The elevation indicator  150 , location indicator  130 , and associated sensors, (e.g. sensor  220 ), and the like, may determine the relative elevations of the bladder and drainage bag to ensure correct positioning of the drainage bag  300 . In an embodiment, the elevation indicator  150  may work in conjunction with a flow sensor (not shown) disposed on a catheter  200 , tubing  110 , or combinations thereof. The elevation indicator  150  and flow sensor may determine the correct direction of urine flow within the catheterization system  100  and therefore determine the correct position of the bag. 
     In an embodiment, a tamper indicator  160  may monitor one or more of the connections within the catheterization system  100  to ensure integrity of the connections during set up and use of the catheterization system  100 . The catheterization system  100  includes various fluid or electrical connections, for example, between the catheter drainage port  244  and tubing  110 , between inflation port  234  and inflation apparatus, between a distal end  216  and the bladder of a patient, between the catheter  200  and stabilization device  114 , between tubing  110  and inlet port  334 , between one or more of the indicators  290  and the catheterization system  100 , or the like. The integrity between these connections needs to be verified to ensure correct set up of the catheterization system  100 . The integrity of these connections also needs to be maintained during use of the catheterization system  100 . Should the connection integrity be disrupted, the system may fail to function as intended. Accordingly, the tamper indicator  160  may be communicatively coupled with one or more sensors disposed at one or more of these connections of the catheterization system to ensure the integrity of the system. 
     In an embodiment, the sensors of the tamper indicator  160  may use physical, electrical, magnetic, or similar modality to confirm the connection between the respective components is established correctly and maintained during use of the catheterization system  100 . Should the tamper indicator  160  determine that integrity of one or more of the connections has failed, or not correctly established, the tamper indicator  160  may alert a patient by way of a suitable audio, visual, or tactile alerts, or may alert a medical professional by way of the network, to which it is communicatively coupled as discussed herein, or combinations thereof. 
     In an embodiment, the tamper indicator  160  may provide additional information as to the type of connection that has failed, the location of the particular failure, the particular connection within the catheterization system  100  that has failed, the individual catheterization system  100  unit that has experienced the failure, the identity of the patient with which the catheterization system  100  is associated, combinations thereof, or the like. In an embodiment the tamper indicator  160  may work in conjunction with the location indicator  130  to inform the medical professional where the patient, and associated catheterization system  100  with the failure, currently is, where the failure has occurred, or combinations thereof. 
     Advantageously, the tamper indicator  160  may automatically record and ensure the correct set up of the catheterization system  100 , this ensures the correct implementation of the catheterization system  100  according to predetermined guidelines. Further the tamper indicator  160  may endure integrity of electrical connections between the various components to ensure the indicators  290  are all functioning correctly. The tamper indicator  160  may also ensure integrity of the fluid connections between the catheter  200 , tubing  110  and drainage bag  300  which mitigates unhygienic spills and undue mess. Further, the tamper indicator  160  may allow a medical professional to monitor any patient non-compliance. For example, patients under chronic stress or having reduce mental capacity may intentionally or unintentionally interfere with the catheter system  100 . In addition to creating unhygienic spills and undue mess, such actions may interfere with the gathering of important medical information and vital signs, since detecting subtle changes in urine volume and flow rate can be an important diagnosis tool. Accordingly, the tamper indicator  160  may ensure the integrity of the information recorded by the catheterization system  100 , as a whole. 
     In an embodiment, a dependent loop indicator  170  may monitor urine pooling, dependent loops, and other flow irregularities within the catheterization system  100 . As discussed herein, a fundamental aspect of catheterization systems is the monitoring of urine volume and flow rate for a patient. Complications may occur with the formation of ‘dependent loops’ within the catheterization system  100 . Dependent loops occur when there is excess tubing  110  between the catheter  200  and drainage bags  300 , creating loops of tubing. These tubing loops provide low points within a gravity fed system where urine pooling may occur. Such urine pooling may affect the volume and flow rate data recorded by the catheterization system  100 . More importantly, however, such urine pooling may also lead to unhygienic conditions, and associated urinary tract infections. 
     The dependent loop indicator  170  may include one or more sensors associated with the catheter  200 , tubing  110 , drainage bag  300 , or combinations thereof. The dependent loop indicator  170  may include flow rate sensors to ensure the correct direction and rate of flow of urine within the catheterization system  100 . The dependent loop indicator  170  may include pressure sensors to detect the presence accumulations of static fluid within the catheterization system  100 . As discussed herein, the dependent loop indicator  170  may include suitable audio, visual, or tactile alerts, or may alert a medical professional by way of the network, to which it is communicatively coupled, or combinations thereof. 
     As discussed herein, the catheterization system  100  may use a passive gravity feed system, or in an embodiment, the catheterization system  100  may use an active pump that moves fluid through the tubing  110  to the drainage bag. In an embodiment, the catheterization system  100  may use a combination of active and passive feed systems. Accordingly, the catheterization system  100  may predominantly rely on a gravity fed system. However, where the activity or body position of the patient is such that urine pooling occurs in tubing  110 , the dependent loop indicator  170  may detect such pooling and initiate a pump to move the urine through the tubing  110  to the drainage bag  300 . In this way, the catheterization system  100  may not only automatically detect the presence of a dependent loop and urine pooling, but may also rectify the problem automatically, without the need for intervention from a medical professional or patient. 
     In an embodiment, a floor contact indicator  180  may monitor whether the catheterization system  100 , or components thereof, is touching or has touched a floor surface. The floor contact indicator  180  may work in conjunction with one or more sensors disposed on the drainage bag  300 , tubing  110 , catheter  200 , or combinations thereof. In use, the drainage bags of catheterization systems are often attached to a waist belt on the patient, or to a bed rail, wheel chair, or similar piece of equipment adjacent the patient. During the initial set up of the catheterization system, the empty drainage bag may seem securely attached to the belt or equipment. However, as the bag fills with fluid and increases in weight, the attachment may become insufficient leading to the drainage bag slipping and touching or dragging along the floor. If such a situation goes unnoticed by the patient or busy medical professional, it can lead to various functional or hygienic problems, including for example, the wearing or rupturing of the drainage bag. 
     In an embodiment, a floor contact indicator  180  may include a sensor disposed on a lower portion of the drainage bag  300 . Should the drainage bag  300  slip and make contact with a floor surface, the floor contact indicator  180  may alert a patient or medical professional either by way of suitable audio, visual, or tactile alerts, or may alert a medical professional by way of the network, to which it is communicatively coupled, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, a floor contact indicator  180  may include sensors disposed at other key points within the catheterization system  100  which may indicate a portion of the catheterization system  100  is, or has touched, the floor. For example, a sensor may be located between the drainage bag  300  and attachment structure  320 . Accordingly, when any part of the drainage bag  300  makes contact with the floor, not just a lower most point substantially at floor contact indicator  180 , a sudden drop in pressure detected at attachment structure  320  may indicate the drainage bag is touching the floor. 
     In an embodiment, a floor contact indicator  180  may include sensors disposed on tubing  110 . For example a collar  182  may be slidably coupled with tubing  110 , such that the collar  182  will automatically align with a lower most point along the tubing  110 . Should the lower most point of the tubing  110  come into contact with the floor, a floor contact indicator  180 , or sensor communicatively coupled therewith, disposed on collar  182  may detect the contact and alert the patient or medical professional as discussed herein. It will be appreciated that, as illustrated, collar  182  may be part of the dependent loop indicator  170 . Alternatively, collar  182  may be a separate structure from the dependent loop indicator  170 . 
     In an embodiment, a floor contact indicator  180  may include sensors that detect various attributes in order to determine if a portion of the catheterization system  100  is, or has, made contact with the floor. For example, sensors may detect pressure, three-dimensional (“3D”) spatial location, velocity or force (e.g. gyroscopic sensors, accelerometers), distance (e.g. using infrared, laser, or acoustic modalities), proximity (e.g. using radar, motion, magnetic force), combinations thereof, or the like. Similarly, the floor contact indicator  180  may work in conjunction with one or more of indicators, such as the location indicator  130 , elevation indicator  150 , or the like, to determine if a portion of the catheterization system  100  is, or has, made contact with the floor. In an embodiment, the floor contact indicator  180  may include sensors capable of determining if a portion of the catheterization system  100  is about make contact with the floor and provide a warning to the patient or medical professional, as described herein, so that contact between the floor and catheterization system  100  may be averted. 
     In an embodiment, a patient securement indicator  190  may monitor whether the catheterization system  100 , or a component thereof, is attached to the patient, or has been detached therefrom. The catheterization system  100  may be secured to a patient at various points; for example, drainage bag  300  may be secured to the patient using attachment structure  320  and a proximal end  214  of the catheter  200  may be secured to the skin of the patient using stabilization device  114 . As discussed herein, various problems may occur if the catheterization system  100 , or a component thereof, becomes detached from the patient, either intentionally or unintentionally. For example, the detached portion may become disconnected from the catheterization system  100 , the portion may drag on the floor or become entangled. Such situations may result in damage to the catheterization system  100  or unsanitary conditions, leading to an increased risk of infection. 
     In an embodiment, a patient securement indicator  190  may include one or more sensors that may detect if one or more portions of the catheterization system  100  is secured to the patient. As discussed herein, the sensors may use various modalities to determine if the catheterization system  100 , or a portions thereof, are secured to the patient. Such modalities may include, electromagnetic, magnetic, pressure, force, velocity, combinations thereof, or the like. Similarly, the patient securement indicator  190  may work in conjunction with other indicators, such as the location indicator  130 , floor contact indicator  180 , or the like, to determine if the catheterization system  100 , or portion thereof, has become detached from the patient. As discussed herein, should the catheterization system  100 , or portion thereof, become detached from the patient, the patient securement indicator  190  may provide suitable audio, visual, or tactile alerts to a patient, or may alert a medical professional by way of the network, to which it is communicatively coupled, or combinations thereof. 
     In an exemplary method of use, a catheterization system  100  may be provided including a catheter  200 , drainage bag  300 , tubing  110 , and one or more of location indicator  130 , duration indicator  140 , elevation indicator  150 , tamper indicator  160 , dependent loop indicator  170 , floor contact indicator  180 , and patient securement indicator  190 . The catheterization system  100  may further include additional equipment to facilitate the insertion and use of the indwelling catheter system. Such equipment may include lubrication, a sterile barrier, sterilization swabs, sterile gloves, instructions for use, and various other equipment for facilitating the insertion of the Foley catheter while minimizing the risk of introducing infection to the patient. 
     For urinary catheters such as Foley catheters, the catheter  200  is introduced into the patient and is advanced into the patient&#39;s urethra until the distal end  216  of the catheter  200 , including the balloon  232 , resides within the bladder. The balloon  232  is then inflated, typically by coupling a syringe to the proximal end  214  of the catheter  200  such that the syringe may communicate with the inflation lumen  230 , and actuating the syringe to discharge fluid from the syringe, through the inflation lumen  230 , and into the balloon  232 . To remove a catheter  200 , it is first necessary to deflate the balloon  232  anchoring the distal end  216  of the catheter  200 . This is done by withdrawing fluid through the inflation lumen  230 , typically through a syringe coupled to the inflation lumen  230  via inflation valve  236  and inflation port  234 . 
     The balloon  232 , which in one embodiment is made of an elastomeric material, is positioned around the catheter shaft. The balloon  232  is preferably engineered to retain its shape once inflated without significantly deforming due to pressures arising while within the body. The balloon  232  may include ribs (e.g., thicker polymer portions or added reinforcement) to ensure strength and symmetry of the material. 
     With the distal end  216  of the catheter  200  located within the bladder of the patient, a proximal end  214  may be secured to the skin of the patient using a stabilization device  114 . Tubing  110  may then fluidly connect the catheter  200  with the drainage bag  300 . The drainage bag  300  may be secured at an appropriate position relative to the bladder of the patient. The one or more indicators  290  may automatically detect when the catheterization system  100  is correctly deployed. For example, the indicators  290 , may automatically detect and record: the individual patient with which the specific catheterization system  100  is being used; when the distal end  216  of the catheter is correctly located within the bladder; when the balloon is correctly inflated; when a proximal end  214  of the catheter  200  is secured to the patient; when a proximal end  214  of the catheter  200  is connected to the tubing  110 ; when the tubing  110  is connected to the drainage bag  300 ; when drainage bag  300  is secured to the patient; when urine flow commences; when drainage bag  300  is full; when catheterization system  100 , or components thereof, need to be replaced according to predetermined guidelines; and when catheterization system  100  is removed from the patient. 
     The indicators  290  of the catheterization system  100  may also detect and record the location of the catheterization system  100  when various events occur, as discussed above, or at various time intervals throughout the use of the catheterization system  100 , or combinations thereof. The indicators  290  of the catheterization system may also detect and record any faults that may occur during the usage of the catheterization system  100 , such as: a misalignment of the drainage bag  300  relative to the bladder of the patient; a connection integrity failure of within the catheterization system  100 ; a dependent loop or flow irregularity within the tubing  110 ; any contact between the catheterization system  100  and a floor surface; or any detachment of the catheterization system  100 , or portion thereof, from the patient during the use of the catheterization system  100 . 
     The information detected and recorded by the catheterization system  100  may be stored locally on a non-transitory storage device associated with the catheterization system  100 , or may be stored remotely to a network, as discussed herein. The catheterization system  100  may continue to be used until a predetermined end point has been reached. The predetermined end point may determine by a specific date and time, by a specific amount of time that has elapsed, by a specific amount of fluid that has been collected, or when a specific event or fault has been detected, combinations thereof, or the like. 
     While the invention has been described in terms of particular variations and illustrative figures, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the variations or figures described. For example, specific examples are provided for shapes and materials; however, embodiments include those variations obvious to a person skilled in the art, such as changing a shape or combining materials together. Further, the features described with respect to one embodiment or variation may be used in other embodiments or variations. Processes described separately may be combined. In addition, where processes and steps described above indicate certain events occurring in certain order, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the ordering of certain steps may be modified and that such modifications are in accordance with the variations of the invention. Additionally, certain of the steps may be performed concurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performed sequentially as described above. Therefore, to the extent there are variations of the invention, which are within the spirit of the disclosure or equivalent to the inventions found in the claims, it is the intent that this patent will cover those variations as well. Therefore, the present disclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but only by scope of the appended claims.