Patent Publication Number: US-2022227541-A1

Title: A cap for a container having a hinge

Description:
The invention relates to a cap with a hinge, which can be used to repeatedly open and close a container such as a bottle. The cap according to the invention can be made of polymeric material and can be obtained with different production methods, for example by compression moulding or injection moulding. 
     Caps are known which comprise a retaining ring suitable for being associated with a neck of a container and a closing element, connected to the retaining ring by a hinge structure. The closing element can pivot around the hinge structure between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the closing element engages with the neck in order to close an opening surrounded by the neck of the container. In the open position, the closing element is disengaged from the neck of the container, so as to allow a substance present in the container to be dispensed. 
     The closing element may be provided with a tab which projects outwards from a lateral surface of the closing element, in a position diametrically opposite the hinge structure. The user acts on the tab to better displace the closing element between the open position and the closed position. In particular, when the closing element is in the closed position, the user acts on a lower surface of the tab in order to rotate the closing element into the open position. In contrast, when the closing element is in the open position, the user can push on an upper surface of the tab in order to return the closing element to the closed position. 
     The tab of the prior art caps has an angular extent, around an axis of the closing element, which is quite limited, of roughly 90° or even less. The caps of the type described above are usually provided with inner undercuts, for example at engaging means for keeping the retaining ring associated with the neck of the container, or at projections which, from a lateral wall of the closing element, project towards the inside of the cap, so as to interact with the neck of the container. These undercuts may cause difficulties when the cap must be extracted from a mould in which it has been formed. 
     Some examples of known caps are disclosed in FR 1183399, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,990,598, 2,102,440, US 2016/318677. 
     An object of the invention is to improve the caps for closing a container, in particular the caps of the type comprising a closing element hinged to a retaining ring. 
     A further object is to provide a cap comprising a closing element hinged to a retaining ring, in which a user can easily displace the closing element between a closed position and an open position. 
     Another object is to supply a cap comprising a closing element hinged to a retaining ring, which can easily be extracted from a mould in which the cap has been formed. 
     According to the invention, there is provided a cap for a container, comprising:
         a retaining ring suitable for being associated with a neck of the container;   a closing element comprising a lateral wall which extends around an axis and a transversal wall which extends transversally to the axis for defining a closed end of the closing element;   a hinge structure which connects the closing element to the retaining ring, so that the closing element is displaceable between an open position and a closed position;   wherein the closing element comprises a projection which projects from an outer surface of the lateral wall transversally to said axis, the projection extending around said axis by an angle of at least 180°.       

     The projection which extends around the axis by an angle of at least 180° defines a thrust surface which can be acted on by an extracting element of a mould in which the cap is formed. By acting on that thrust surface, the extracting element can easily extract the cap from the mould, in particular by disengaging the cap from a male mould element with which the cap remains associated after the mould has been opened. 
     Owing to the significant angular extent of the thrust surface defined by the projection, the extracting element can apply a thrust on a relatively large arc around the axis of the lateral wall of the closing element. This makes it possible to avoid concentrating the extracting force in a zone which is too small, which could result in excessive deformations of the cap or of the projection, and also makes it possible to increase the extracting force which the extracting element is able to apply. 
     Finally, it is easier for the user to move the closing element between the closed position and the open position, even if a force is applied on the closing element in a region of the projection which is not perfectly centred. 
     In conclusion, the projection which extends around the axis by an angle of at least 180° allows an increase in the radial dimension of the cap, even for caps intended to be applied on relatively small necks. That allows an increase in the safety of the cap during use, and in particular prevents the possibility of the cap being accidentally swallowed by a child. 
     It is possible to define a radial dimension of the projection. 
     The radial dimension can be measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the lateral wall, in a radial direction relative to a circle lying in said plane and having a centre on the axis of the lateral wall. 
     In one embodiment, the radial dimension of the projection is null at least at one point of the hinge structure. 
     In this way, when the closing element is displaced between the open position and the closed position, it is possible to prevent unwanted interaction of the projection with the hinge structure, which could compromise correct rotation of the closing element. 
     The radial dimension of the projection may be at its maximum at least at one point of a region of the projection diametrically opposite the hinge structure. 
     That makes a relatively large surface available to the user, on which the user can act in order to move the closing element between the open position and the closed position. 
     The radial dimension of the projection may gradually increase from the hinge structure to a region diametrically opposite the hinge structure. 
     In this way, it is possible to make available a thrust surface having a significant angular extent around the axis of the lateral wall, on which the extracting element of the mould can act to remove the cap from the mould. 
     In one embodiment, the projection is delimited, in a plan view of the cap (that is to say, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the lateral wall), by a closed perimetric line which extends around said axis. 
     In this way a projection is obtained which is substantially free of sharp edges, therefore it is particularly convenient to handle. 
     The points of the closed perimetric line may be located at respective distances from the axis of the lateral wall, said distances being different from each other depending on the point of the closed perimetric line considered. 
     That allows the obtainment of a variation in the radial dimensions of the projection around the axis of the lateral wall of the cap, which has been previously mentioned. 
     In one embodiment, the closed perimetric line is a circle having a centre which lies outside the axis of the lateral wall. 
     That allows the obtainment of a projection which projects from the lateral wall by a radial dimension variable around the axis of the lateral wall, in a particularly simple way. 
     In one embodiment, the circle defining the closed perimetric line of the projection is tangent to a further circle defining a closed perimetric line of the lateral wall, in a plan view of the closing element (that is to say, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the closing element). 
     More specifically, the above-mentioned circle and further circle may be tangential at a point of the hinge structure, for example at a point lying in a middle plane of the hinge structure. 
     In this way it is possible to obtain, in a simple and clean way, a projection which does not interfere with the movement of the closing element around the hinge structure, can be easily handled by the user in a position diametrically opposite the hinge structure in order to rotate the closing element, and defines a significant resting surface for the extracting element of the mould. 
     In one embodiment, the projection projects from a portion of the lateral wall of the closing element which is nearer to the retaining ring than to the transversal wall of the closing element. 
     That allows the cap to be handled on a capping machine, that is to say, on a machine for applying the cap on a container, of the traditional type. 
     In particular, between the transversal wall and the projection there is a portion of a skirt of the cap, with which a spindle can engage, the spindle grasping and retaining the cap, then applying the latter on the neck of the container to be closed. 
     Between the projection and a free edge of the retaining ring a further portion of the skirt of the cap is comprised. A conveying element can engage with said further portion, the conveying element being for example shaped as a recess of a star-wheel conveyor, having the function of conveying the cap between different operating stations. 
     In one embodiment, the projection is provided with a plurality of stiffening ribs. 
     The stiffening ribs allow the projection to be stiffened, so that the latter can better withstand the force applied by the extracting element of the mould. 
     In one embodiment, the stiffening ribs are provided on a surface of the projection facing towards the transversal wall of the closing element. 
     One part of the surface of the projection facing towards the transversal wall of the closing element, for example arranged in a position diametrically opposite the hinge structure, may be free of stiffening ribs. 
     That defines a smooth part of the surface of the projection facing towards the transversal wall of the closing element, on which the user can act when he or she wants to move the closing element between the open position and the closed position. This allows the user to more easily identify the part of the projection on which it is appropriate to act in order to rotate the closing element around the hinge structure. Moreover, the smooth part of the surface of the projection makes it easier for the user to apply a pressure on the projection in order to displace the cap from the open position to the closed position, without the fingers being bothered by the stiffening ribs. 
     In one embodiment, the stiffening ribs provided on the surface of the projection facing towards the transversal wall of the closing element extend in respective planes, each of which is rotated towards the part of the projection free of stiffening ribs relative to a radial plane of the lateral wall of the closing element. 
     That plane may pass through a point of the lateral wall from which the corresponding stiffening rib projects. 
     In this way, the stiffening ribs visually indicate to the user which part of the projection to act on in order to displace the closing element between the open position and the closed position, that is to say, the part of the projection which is free of ribs. 
     In one embodiment, the lateral wall is externally provided with a plurality of gripping ribs, each of which may extend, for example, in a direction parallel to the axis of the lateral wall. 
     Each gripping rib may define a continuation of a corresponding stiffening rib. 
     The gripping ribs allow a spindle of the capping machine to securely retain the cap while the latter is applied on the neck of a container to be closed. 
    
    
     
       The invention may be better understood and implemented with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an example, non-limiting embodiment of it, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective front view of a cap for a container; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective rear view of the cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a top view of the cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a bottom view of the cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of the cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-section of the cap of  FIG. 1 , along the plane VI-Vi of  FIG. 3 . 
     
    
    
       FIGS. 1 to 6  show a cap  1  for a container, for example a bottle, which allows the user to open and reclose the container more than once. 
     The cap  1  comprises a retaining ring  2 , suitable for being associated with a neck, not illustrated, of the container closed by the cap  1  in order to retain the cap  1  on the neck. 
     The cap  1  further comprises a closing element  3 , movable between a closed position shown in  FIGS. 1 to 6  and an open position not shown, in order to close or alternatively to open an opening surrounded by the neck of the container. 
     The closing element  3  is hinged to the retaining ring  2 , that is to say, is connected to the retaining ring  2  by a hinge structure  4  which will be described in detail below. 
     The hinge structure  4  allows the closing element  3  to be moved between the closed position and the open position, whilst the retaining ring  2  remains associated with the neck of the container. 
     The closing element  3  comprises a lateral wall  5 , which extends around an axis Z, shown in  FIG. 6 . The lateral wall  5  may for example have a substantially cylindrical shape. 
     The closing element  3  further comprises a transversal wall  6 , which extends transversally, for example perpendicularly, to the axis Z so as to define a closed end of the closing element  3 . The transversal wall  6  may have a substantially circular shape in plan view. 
     A sealing lip  7 , shown in  FIG. 6 , may project from a surface of the transversal wall  6  facing towards the inside of the cap  1 . The sealing lip  7 , for example having an annular shape, is suitable for engaging with an inner surface of the neck in order to prevent leaks of the substance contained in the container, or to prevent contaminations of that substance with external substances. 
     Before the closing element  3  is brought into the open position for the first time, a separating line  8  is defined between the closing element  3  and the retaining ring  2 . The separating line  8  is shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . The closing element  3  is separable from the retaining ring  2  along the separating line  8 . 
     The separating line  8  may extend in a plane which, in the closed position of the closing element  3 , is arranged transversally, in particular perpendicularly, to the axis Z. However, this configuration is not necessary, and the separating line  8  may also extend on a surface which is not flat. 
     The separating line  8  has a circumferential extent around the axis Z of less than 360°, because the closing element  3  is joined to the retaining ring  2  at least along the hinge structure  4 , as will be described in more detail below. 
     Along the separating line  8  a plurality of breakable bridges may be provided, suitable for being broken the first time the closing element  3  is brought into the open position, so as to signal to the user if the container closed by the cap  1  has ever been opened. 
     The separating line  8  delimits an open end of the closing element  3 , opposite the closed end, that is to say, the end at which the transversal wall  6  is provided. 
     The retaining ring  2  comprises an engaging structure provided on an inner surface of the retaining ring  2  for engaging with an annular enlargement made on the neck of the container. In this way, the engaging structure ensures that the retaining ring  2  remains associated with the neck when the closing element  3  is brought into the open position. In particular, the annular enlargement made on the neck interacts with the engaging structure, preventing the retaining ring  2  from being pulled off the neck of the container. 
     In the example shown, the engaging structure comprises a plurality of protruding elements  9 , shown in  FIG. 6 , which project from the inside of the retaining ring  2  towards the axis Z. Each protruding element  9  is shaped as a local thickening of the retaining ring  2 . 
     In an alterative embodiment not shown, the engaging structure may have other geometries. For example, the engaging structure may be shaped as a plurality of tabs which extend from a free edge of the retaining ring  2  and are bent towards the inside. Alternatively, the engaging structure may be shaped as a single continuous tab which, from the free edge of the retaining ring  2 , is bent towards the inside of the cap  1 . 
     The retaining ring  2  has a free edge  12  arranged on the opposite side to the separating line  8 . 
     In the closed position, the lateral wall  5  and the retaining ring  2  define a skirt  10  of the cap  1 , the skirt  10  extending around the axis Z. 
     In the closed position, the retaining ring  2  extends around the axis Z and is coaxial with the lateral wall  5 . 
     The closing element  3  comprises a projection  11 , which projects from an outer surface of the lateral wall  5  outwards from the cap  1 . The projection  11  extends transversally, for example perpendicularly, to the axis Z. 
     The projection  11  has an angular extent of at least 180° around the axis Z. 
     In particular, the projection  11  may have an angular extent of approximately 270°-300° around the axis Z. 
     In plan view (that is to say, in a view in a plane perpendicular to the axis Z, when the closing element  3  is in the closed position), the projection  11  is delimited by a perimeter which, in the example shown, is circular, in more detail shaped as a circle C 1  (or as a portion of a circle C 1 ) having a centre O 1  and a radius R 1 . 
     In the plan view, the skirt  10  is delimited by a perimeter which, in the example shown is shaped as a further circle C 2  having a centre O 2  and a radius R 2 . Indeed, the skirt  10  has a substantially cylindrical geometry. 
     The radius R 2  of the further circle C 2  is smaller than radius R 1  of the circle C 1 . In this way, the projection  11  projects radially from the skirt  10 , in particular from the lateral wall  5 . 
     The centre O 1  of the circle C 1  does not coincide with the centre O 2  of the further circle C 2 , instead it is placed at a distance E from the centre O 2  of the further circle C 2 . Therefore, the circle C 1  is arranged in an eccentric position relative to the further circle C 2  and E is the eccentricity between the two circles. 
     The further circle C 2  is arranged inside the circle C 1  and may be tangent to the circle C 1  at a tangent point PT. 
     In the example shown, the tangent point PT is located at the hinge structure  4 , in particular in a middle plane P of the hinge structure  4 , whose trace is shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
     The further circle C 2  may define the perimeter, in plan view, of the retaining ring  2 , or of the lateral wall  5 . If the lateral wall  5  is not delimited by a smooth cylindrical surface, but instead by a surface which has for example ribs or other irregularities, the further circle C 2  which perimetrically delimits the lateral wall  5  may be the circle in which the outer contour of the lateral wall  5  is inscribed, no matter how the latter is shaped. 
     It is possible to define a radial dimension D of the projection  11 . The radial dimension D of the projection  11  varies according to the particular point of the projection  11  considered. 
     Between the points which are located along the perimeter of the projection  11 , that is to say, along the circle C 1  in the example shown, and an outer surface of the skirt  10  there is a distance equal to the radial dimension D, which is measured in a radial direction relative to the further circle C 2 , that is to say, along a straight line passing through the point considered and through the centre O 2  of the further circle C 2 . Therefore, the radial dimension D indicates how far the projection  11  projects from the skirt  10 , in particular from the lateral wall  5 . 
     The radial dimension D of the projection  11  is not constant. In the example shown, the radial dimension D of the projection  11  is at its maximum at a point diametrically opposite the tangent point PT. In contrast, the radial dimension is null at the tangent point PT as well as, in the example shown, along the hinge structure  4 . 
     Providing a radial dimension D of the projection  11  which is null, or almost null, at the hinge structure  4 , prevents the projection  11  from obstructing rotation of the closing element  3  around the hinge structure  4 , when the closing element  3  passes from the closed position to the open position or vice versa. 
     The radial dimension D of the projection  11  gradually increases from the hinge structure  4  towards a region diametrically opposite the hinge structure  4 . 
     In an embodiment not shown, rather than being delimited by a circular perimeter, the projection  11  could be delimited by any other perimetric line which extends around the axis Z, in particular a closed perimetric line, for example oval or elliptical. 
     The projection  11  projects from an intermediate zone of the skirt  10 , that is to say, from a zone of the skirt  10  arranged in an intermediate position between the transversal wall  6  and the free edge  12  of the retaining ring  2 . 
     In particular, the projection  11  may project from the lateral wall  5  in a position nearer to the separating line  8  than to the transversal wall  6 . 
     The projection  11  allows a user to easily move the closing element  3  between the closed position and the open position, thereby opening or alternatively closing the container on which the cap  1  is applied. For that purpose, the user acts on a front part  13  of the projection  11 , the front part  13  being arranged in a position diametrically opposite the hinge structure  4 . 
     In particular, when the user wants to displace the closing element  3  from the closed position to the open position, he or she pushes with a finger below the front part  13 , in order to rotate the closing element  3  around the hinge structure  4  towards the open position. In contrast, when the user decides to return the closing element  3  to the closed position, he or she can apply a force on a surface of the front part  13  facing towards the transversal wall  6 . 
     The cap  1 , which is made of polymeric material, can be formed inside a mould, for example by compression moulding or injection moulding. 
     The mould in which the cap  1  is formed comprises a male mould element provided with a punch, suitable for shaping an inner surface of the cap  1 . 
     The mould further comprises a female mould element provided with a cavity in which an outer surface of the cap  1  can be shaped. 
     When the cap  1  has been formed, undercut zones are created inside it which may comprise, for example, the engaging structure made on the retaining ring  2 , parts of the sealing lip  7 , or other elements which may project from the inside of the skirt  10 . Due to the undercut zones present inside the cap  1 , after the mould has been opened by moving the punch and the female mould element away from each other, the cap  1  remains anchored to the punch. In order to detach the cap  1  from the punch, the mould comprises an extracting element, which may be shaped as a sleeve surrounding the punch and is movable relative to the punch. 
     When the cap  1  is produced inside the mould, the extracting element acts on the projection  11 , by applying a force in a direction parallel to the axis Z, so as to detach the cap  1  from the punch. Therefore, the projection  11  makes available a relatively large thrust surface on which the extracting element can act in order to remove the cap  1  from the punch. That allows the force applied by the extracting element to be distributed on a considerable surface and, consequently, reduces the risks of unwanted deformation or even breakage which the cap  1  could be subject to if an excessive extracting force were applied to it. 
     The projection  11  is delimited, on the side facing towards the retaining ring  2 , by a lower surface  14  which, in the example shown, is substantially flat. 
     The lower surface  14  may extend in a plane arranged transversally, in particular perpendicularly, to the axis Z. The lower surface  14  may be smooth, in particular free of ribs. 
     When the mould in which the cap  1  has been produced is opened, the extracting element acts on the lower surface  14  of the projection  11 . 
     Therefore, the lower surface  14  may be defined as a thrust surface on which the extracting element applies a force suitable for detaching the cap  1  from the punch. 
     The projection  11  is furthermore delimited, on the side facing towards the transversal wall  6 , by an upper surface  15  which may extend in a plane arranged transversally, in particular perpendicularly, to the axis Z. 
     The adjectives “lower” and “upper” are intended here as referring to the position that the cap  1  adopts when it is applied to a container resting on a horizontal surface and when the closing element  3  is in the closed position. 
     Those adjectives do not necessarily refer to the position of the cap  1  in the mould, since that position may be upside-down relative to the position of the cap  1  during use. 
     In the example shown, the projection  11  is provided with a plurality of stiffening ribs  16 , suitable for increasing the stiffness of the projection  11  in order to reduce the risks that the projection  11  will deform excessively when the extracting element acts on the cap  1 . The stiffening ribs  16  are provided on the upper surface  15  of the projection  11 , that is to say, on the opposite surface to that on which the extracting element acts. 
     In the front part  13  of the projection  11 , on which the user acts in order to displace the closing element  3  between the open position and the closed position, the stiffening ribs  16  are absent. Therefore, the front part  13  is delimited, on its face facing towards the transversal wall  6 , by a substantially smooth surface. In this way, the user, when observing the cap  1  with the closing element  3  arranged in the closed position, immediately identifies—thanks to the absence of the stiffening ribs  16 —which part of the projection  11  is appropriate to act on in order to open the container. 
     Each stiffening rib  16  lies in a respective plane arranged transversally, in particular perpendicularly, to the upper surface  15  of the projection  11 . 
     The planes in which the stiffening ribs  16  lie, or at least some of these planes, are not arranged radially relative to the circle C 1  and/or to the further circle C 2 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the plurality of stiffening ribs  16  comprises two stiffening ribs  16   a  nearest the front part  13  and which delimit the front part  13  on opposite sides. In the example shown, the stiffening ribs  16   a  are substantially parallel to a middle plane of the cap  1 , which may be a plane of symmetry of the cap  1 . The stiffening ribs  16   a  delimit the front part  13  on opposite sides of this middle plane. 
     The stiffening ribs  16   a  may be defined as end stiffening ribs. 
     The middle plane of the cap  1  may coincide with the middle plane P of the hinge structure  4 . 
     The end stiffening ribs  16   a  extend on respective planes parallel to the axis Z. 
     At least some of the planes in which the remaining stiffening ribs  16  lie are rotated towards the front part  13  relative to corresponding radial planes passing through the centre of the further circle C 2 . In other words, the plurality of stiffening ribs comprises, in addition to the end stiffening ribs  16   a , further ribs  16  lying in respective planes parallel to the axis Z. Each plane parallel to the axis Z defined by a further rib  16  forms a respective angle with a plane defined by the nearest end stiffening rib  16   a . The angles thus defined increase moving from the front part  13  towards the hinge structure  4 . At least some of planes mentioned above, defined by the further ribs  16 , are not radial, i.e. do not contain the axis Z. 
     In this way, the stiffening ribs  16  give the user a visual directional impression, almost as if the stiffening ribs  16  were converging towards the front part  13 . In this way, it is possible to focus the attention of the user on the front part  13 , so that the user understands that the front part  13  is the part of the projection  11  on which it is appropriate to act in order to open or to close the container. 
     Other orientations and/or arrangements of the stiffening ribs  16  are possible. In an embodiment which is not shown, the stiffening ribs  16  could be provided on the inner surface  14 , instead of being provided on the upper surface  15 , or in addition to those present on the upper surface  15 . 
     The closing element  3  may have a plurality of gripping ribs  17 , arranged on an outer surface of the lateral wall  5  and directed, for example, parallel to the axis Z. 
     The gripping ribs  17  may extend along the entire height of the lateral wall  5  between the projection  11  and a connecting zone  18  along which the lateral wall  5  is joined to the transversal wall  6 . The connecting zone  18  may be shaped as a rounded surface. 
     In an embodiment not shown, the gripping ribs  17  may be present also in the connecting zone  18 . 
     In the example shown, each gripping rib  17  is the continuation, along the lateral wall  5 , of a corresponding stiffening rib  16 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , in the example shown the gripping ribs  17  are not present in una front region  24  of the lateral wall  5 . The front region  24  is diametrically opposite the hinge structure  4 . In particular, the front region  24  is arranged above the front part  13  of the projection  11  on which the stiffening ribs  16  are not present. That is to say, the front region  24  is aligned with the front part  13 , relative to the axis Z. 
     In an embodiment not shown, the gripping ribs  17  may be absent. 
     The gripping ribs  17 , if present, make gripping the cap  1  easier for a spindle of a machine which applies the cap  1  on a container. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the hinge structure  4  may comprise a hinge band  19  for connecting the closing element  3  to the retaining ring  2 . The hinge band  19  may be provided in a recess  20  made in the skirt  10 . In other words, the hinge band  19  may be delimited by a portion of a cylindrical surface having a radius smaller than the radius of the outer surface of the retaining ring  2  and/or of the lateral wall  5 . 
     In the example shown, the recess  20  extends up to the transversal wall  6 . 
     A step  21 , shown in  FIG. 6 , is defined between the hinge band  19  and the retaining ring  2 . 
     On an inner surface of the hinge band  19  two lines of weakness  22  may be provided, which are shown in  FIG. 6 . The lines of weakness  22  may be shaped as lines at which the hinge band  19  has a reduced thickness compared with the surrounding zones. In particular, the lines of weakness  22  may be shaped as grooves which extend on an inner surface of the hinge band  19 . 
     The lines of weakness  22  define sequential lines of rotation around which the closing element  3  rotates, in sequence, in order to pass from the open position to the closed position or vice versa. 
     The closing element  3  has a locking protuberance  23 , shown in  FIGS. 4 and 6 , suitable for engaging with the neck of the container in order to keep the closing element  3  in the closed position. The locking protuberance  23  projects towards the inside of the cap  1  from an inner surface of the lateral wall  5 , in a position diametrically opposite the hinge structure  4 . In particular, the locking protuberance  23  may be intersected by the middle plane P of the hinge structure  4 . The locking protuberance  23  is, in use, arranged at a level higher than the projection  11 , that is to say, it is arranged in a position nearer to the transversal wall  6  than the projection  11 . 
     The locking protuberance  23  may be configured to engage, in the closed position, below a ridge which projects outwards from the neck of the container. In this way, the closing element  3  cannot be brought into the open position, unless the closing element  3  is subjected to a predetermined minimum force, sufficient to disengage the locking protuberance  23  from the neck. This reduces the risk of accidental opening of the container closed by the cap  1 . 
     Moreover, the locking protuberance  23 , at the moment when it engages with the neck, may generate a vibration, that can be accompanied by a noise such as a “click”, which can be perceived by the user. In this way, the user can be sure that the closing element  3  has been correctly brought into the closed position. The vibration may also be generated when the locking protuberance  23  disengages from the neck, so that the closing element  3  can be displaced to the open position. 
     The locking protuberance  23  is arranged, on the inside of the cap  1 , at the front region  24  of the lateral wall  5 . On an outer surface of the lateral wall  5 , in a position corresponding to the locking protuberance, there may be a hollow  25 . The hollow  25  may be positioned at the centre of the front region  24 , for example so that it is intersected by the middle plane P of the hinge structure  4 . The hollow  25  may extend up to the transversal wall  6 . 
     The cap  1  is particularly simple to make, by moulding of polymeric material. 
     At the end of the moulding step, the extracting element of the mould can easily detach the cap  1  from the punch, by acting on the surface of the projection  11  facing towards the retaining ring  2 . 
     The cap  1  can then be subjected to a cutting operation, during which the skirt  10  is cut to obtain the separating line  8 . The cutting operation allows to define the breakable bridges arranged along the separating line  8 . In particular, the breakable bridges may be identified at axial ribs  26 , one of which is shown in  FIG. 6 , which project towards the inside of the cap  1  from an inner surface of the skirt  10 . The axial ribs  26  are arranged parallel to the axis Z. The axial ribs  26  are arranged straddling the retaining ring  2  and the lateral wall  5 . 
     By adjusting the cutting depth of a blade which cuts the skirt  10  in order to obtain the separating line  8 , it is possible to prevent the blade from interacting with the axial ribs  26 , so that the axial ribs  26  create the breakable bridges which join the retaining ring  2  to the closing element  3 , before the latter is brought into the open position for the first time. 
     The blade which creates the separating line  8  may interact with the skirt  10  along an angle of 360° around the axis Z, without damaging the hinge structure  4 . Indeed, if the blade and the cap  1  rotate relative to each other by an angle of 360° around the axis Z, the blade passes in the recess  20  without interfering with the hinge band  19 , that is to say, without cutting the hinge band  19 . 
     That simplifies production of the separating line  8 , because there is no need to ensure that the cut is only made in a predetermined angular position. 
     However, the hinge structure  4  could also have a shape different from that described above. 
     After the separating line  8  has been made, the cap  1  may be applied on the neck of the container which is to be closed. That can be done by a capping machine of the traditional type. In particular, traditional capping machines comprise a spindle which can grip a portion of the skirt  10  interposed between the projection  11  and the transversal wall  6  in order to apply the cap  1  on the container. The stiffening ribs  17 , if present, facilitate gripping of the cap  1  by the spindle. 
     The capping machine may further comprise a conveying device suitable for conveying the cap  1  along a desired path. The conveying device may comprise a star-wheel conveyor which engages with a further portion of the skirt  10  arranged between the projection  11  and the free edge  12  of the retaining ring  2 . 
     Finally, the projection  11  allows an increase in the radial dimensions of the cap  1 , even when the latter is intended to be applied on a neck having a relatively small diameter. In this way, it is possible to reduce or even eliminate the risk that the cap  1  may be accidentally swallowed by a child, if the whole cap  1  or only the closing element  3  were erroneously removed from the container. Therefore, the cap  1  is particularly safe during use.