Patent Publication Number: US-2022221634-A1

Title: Optical sensing device

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority of China Patent Application No. 202110035618.1, filed on Jan. 12, 2021, the entirety of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to an optical sensing device, and in particular it relates to an optical sensing device arranged with a filter capable of filtering a specific wavelength band. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Taking a touch display as an example, when a finger touches a panel, an internal light-emitting element emits a light source. After the light source reaches the finger, reflected light is generated and enters the optical sensing device to convert the received light signal into an electrical signal. However, near-infrared light (750 nm to 1,100 nm) in the ambient environment can penetrate the finger and the display, causing noise in the optical sensing device. 
     Silicon-based PIN photodiodes in the optical sensing device have much higher responses to the near-infrared light wavelength band than the visible-light wavelength band. That is, the near-infrared light in the environment has a high degree of influence on the photodiodes. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device is provided. The optical sensing device includes a thin-film transistor, a sensing unit driven by the thin-film transistor, and a filter, wherein light to be detected passes through the filter before being collected by the sensing unit, and the filter reduces the light intensity of the light to be detected in the near-infrared light wavelength band. 
     A detailed description is given in the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure may be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3B  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7B  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 9A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 9B  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 11  is a circuit diagram of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical sensing device in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various embodiments or examples are provided in the following description to implement different features of the present disclosure. The elements and arrangement described in the following specific examples are merely provided for introducing the present disclosure and serve as examples without limiting the scope of the present disclosure. For example, when a first component is referred to as “on a second component”, it may directly contact the second component, or there may be other components in between, and the first component and the second component do not come in direct contact with one another. 
     It should be understood that additional operations may be provided before, during, and/or after the described method. In accordance with some embodiments, some of the stages (or steps) described below may be replaced or omitted. 
     In this specification, spatial terms may be used, such as “below”, “lower”, “above”, “higher” and similar terms, for briefly describing the relationship between an element relative to another element in the figures. Besides the directions illustrated in the figures, the devices may be used or operated in different directions. When the device is turned to different directions (such as rotated 45 degrees or other directions), the spatially related adjectives used in it will also be interpreted according to the turned position. 
     Herein, the terms “about”, “around” and “substantially” typically mean a value is in a range of +/−20% of a stated value, typically a range of +/−10% of the stated value, typically a range of +/−5% of the stated value, typically a range of +/−3% of the stated value, typically a range of +/−2% of the stated value, typically a range of +/−1% of the stated value, or typically a range of +/−0.5% of the stated value. The stated value of the present disclosure is an approximate value. Namely, the meaning of “about”, “around” and “substantially” still exists even if there is no specific description of “about”, “around” and “substantially”. 
     It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, portions and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, portions and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, portion or section from another element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer, portion or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, portion or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, portion or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It should be appreciated that, in each case, the term, which is defined in a commonly used dictionary, should be interpreted as having a meaning that conforms to the relative skills of the present disclosure and the background or the context of the present disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless so defined. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an electronic device  10  is provided.  FIG. 1  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic device  10 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the electronic device  10  includes a panel  12  and an optical sensing device  100 . The panel  12  is disposed on the optical sensing device  100 . The panel  12  includes a substrate  14 , a plurality of insulating layers  16 , a circuit  18 , a light-emitting element  20 , and a glass cover  22 . The substrate  14  may include any suitable hard or soft substrate material. The plurality of insulating layers  16  include, for example, a first insulating layer  16   a , a second insulating layer  16   b , and a third insulating layer  16   c , which are disposed on the substrate  14 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the circuit  18  is disposed on the substrate  14  in the first insulating layer  16   a . The circuit  18  may include a circuit for driving the light-emitting element  20 . For example, the circuit  18  may be a 7T2C-type circuit structure composed of seven thin-film transistors and two capacitors, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light-emitting element  20  is disposed on the substrate  14  in the second insulating layer  16   b . The light-emitting element  20  may include a light-emitting diode (LED), for example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an inorganic light-emitting diode (OLED), mini LED, micro LED, or quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the circuit  18  is electrically connected to the light-emitting element  20 . The optical sensing device  100  may include an optical device that converts various received optical signals into electrical signals through internal light-sensitive elements, for example, infrared light sensors, ultraviolet light sensors, image sensors, or depth sensors, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In  FIG. 1 , when a finger  24  touches the glass cover  22 , the light-emitting element  20  emits light  26 . After the light  26  reaches the finger  24 , reflected light  28  is generated and enters the optical sensing device  100 . At this time, the optical sensing device  100  receives the reflected light  28  from the finger  24  and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. In some embodiments, in the environment outside the electronic device, near-infrared light  29  passes through the finger  24  and the panel  12  and enters the optical sensing device  100 . In other words, the light to be detected received by the optical sensing device  100  includes, in addition to the reflected light  28  of the target, the near-infrared light  29  in the environment. The aforementioned near-infrared light  29  may be, for example, near-infrared light having a wavelength between about 750 nanometers and about 1,100 nanometers. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the detailed structure of the optical sensing device  100  is further illustrated.  FIG. 2  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor (TFT)  104 , a sensing unit  106 , a first insulating layer  108 , a first light-shielding layer  110 , first pinholes  112 , a second insulating layer  114 , a filter  116 , a third insulating layer  118 , a second light-shielding layer  120 , second pinholes  122 , a fourth insulating layer  124 , a light-focusing means  126 , and a fifth insulating layer  128 . The substrate  102  may include any suitable hard or soft substrate material. The thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The aforementioned so-called “the sensing unit  106  is driven by the thin-film transistor  104 ” means that an electrical connection is formed between the sensing unit  106  and the thin-film transistor  104 . The sensing unit  106  may include light-to-electricity photosensitive elements, for example, silicon-based photodiodes. The aforementioned so-called “silicon-based” refers to amorphous silicon (a-Si), amorphous selenium (a-Se), or amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe) materials. The sensing unit  106  may include inorganic PIN photodiodes or organic photodiodes (OPDs). 
     In  FIG. 2 , the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106  are disposed on the substrate  102  and are in contact with the substrate  102 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106  are disposed on the substrate  102  and are not in contact with the substrate  102 . In some embodiments, a direct electrical connection is formed between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . In some embodiments, an indirect electrical connection is formed between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and covers the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first insulating layer  108  may include any suitable insulating material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The first insulating layer  108  may be a single layer or a composite layer. The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 . The first light-shielding layer  110  may be composed of light-shielding materials such as black photoresist or metal, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The first pinholes  112  are formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The first pinholes  112  refer to the pinhole areas formed by patterning the first light-shielding layer  110 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinholes  112 . The second insulating layer  114  may include any suitable insulating material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The filter  116  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . The filter  116  may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers of organic or inorganic materials. The aforementioned organic materials may include colored organic materials, for example, dyes or pigments. At least one dye or pigment can absorb or reflect light with a certain wavelength. 
     In  FIG. 2 , the filter  116  is a single organic material layer. The filter  116  is a structure that filters light. That is, a structure that can filter light in a specific wavelength band, for example, it may filter near-infrared light with a wavelength between about 750 nanometers and about 1,100 nanometers. According to some embodiments, the structure for filtering light in a specific wavelength band may be a structure that absorbs and/or reflects light, so that after the light to be detected passes through the structure, the intensity of the light to be detected in the specific wavelength band decreases. In other words, the filter  116  may include at least one material that can reflect and/or absorb light in a specific wavelength band. Due to the configuration of the filter  116 , the light to be detected passes through the filter  116  before being collected by the sensing unit  106 , and the transmittance of the light to be detected in the near-infrared light wavelength band can be reduced accordingly. In addition, the aforementioned so-called “light to be detected” refers to the light that all enters the optical sensing device  100 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the reflected light  28  and the near-infrared light  29  are light entering the optical sensing device  100 . Therefore, the reflected light  28  and the near-infrared light  29  may be the so-called “light to be detected” in the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the response of the sensing unit  106 , for example, in the near-infrared light wavelength band is higher than that in the visible-light wavelength band (for example, visible light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm). If the near-infrared light  29  in the environment is not filtered out, the chance of noise generated in the sensing unit  106  may be increased, affecting the quality of, for example, fingerprint recognition. In one embodiment, the light to be detected (for example, including the reflected light  28  and the near-infrared light  29 ) passes through the filter  116  before entering the sensing unit  106 . The near-infrared light  29  in the environment can be filtered by the filter  116  to reduce the light intensity of the near-infrared light  29  or make the light intensity of the near-infrared light  29  approach zero, which can reduce the chance of noise generated in the sensing unit  106 . In other words, the light intensity of the near-infrared light  29  after passing through the filter  116  is less than the light intensity of the near-infrared light  29  before passing through the filter  116 . In some embodiments, the near-infrared light  29  is incident on the optical sensing device  100  and enters the sensing unit  106  after passing through the filter  116 . The light intensity detected by the sensing unit  106  is less than the light intensity of the near-infrared light  29  before entering the optical sensing device  100 . It is worth noting that before passing through the filter  116 , the near-infrared light  29  can pass through other layers disposed on the filter  116  (for example, the second light-shielding layer  120 ). In some embodiments, the light intensity detected by the sensing unit  106  may be 50% or less than 50% of the light intensity of the near-infrared light  29  before it is incident on the optical sensing device  100 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In the present disclosure, the filter  116  capable of filtering near-infrared (NIR) light is disposed above the sensing unit  106 , which can reduce the chance of near-infrared light reaching the sensing unit  106  to generate noise, and improve the sensing quality of the sensing unit  106 . It is worth noting that the filter  116  can filter the near-infrared light wavelength band is one embodiment of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, the filter  116  can filter other wavelength bands, as long as it can improve the sensing quality of the sensing unit  106 . 
     The filter  116  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114  by, for example, coating or attaching. The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the filter  116 . The third insulating layer  118  may include any suitable insulating material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The second light-shielding layer  120  may be composed of light-shielding materials such as black photoresist or metal, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The second pinholes  122  are formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The second pinholes  122  refer to the pinhole areas formed by patterning the second light-shielding layer  120 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinholes  122 . The fourth insulating layer  124  may include any suitable insulating material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . The light-focusing means  126  refers to an element that can focus light on the sensing unit  106 , for example, a microlens or a collimator, etc. In  FIG. 2 , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens. The light to be detected passes through the light-focusing means  126  before filtering. In other words, the light to be detected can pass through the light-focusing means  126  before passing through the filter  116 . The light to be detected focused by the light-focusing means  126  passes through the second pinholes  122  before being filtered. In other words, the light to be detected can pass through the second pinholes  122  before passing through the filter  116 . The aforementioned so-called “focusing” refers to concentrating the relatively divergent light to focus the light on the sensing unit  106 . The filter  116  is disposed between the light-focusing means  126  and the first pinholes  112 . The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . The fifth insulating layer  128  may include any suitable insulating material, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the filter  116  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . According to some embodiments, the first pinholes  112  and the second pinholes  122  are arranged corresponding to the sensing unit  106 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3A , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 3A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3A , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor  104 , a sensing unit  106 , a first insulating layer  108 , a first light-shielding layer  110 , a first pinhole  112 , a second insulating layer  114 , a third insulating layer  118 , a second light-shielding layer  120 , a second pinhole  122 , a fourth insulating layer  124 , a filter  116 , a fifth insulating layer  128 , a light-focusing means  126 , and a sixth insulating layer  130 . The structures and materials of the above-mentioned components and layers are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components. As shown in  FIG. 3A , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  to cover the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinhole  122 . The filter  116  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . For example, according to some embodiments, the fourth insulating layer  124  may be in contact with the third insulating layer  118 . In  FIG. 3A , the filter  116  may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers of organic material, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the filter  116 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fifth insulating layer  128 . In  FIG. 3A , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The sixth insulating layer  130  is disposed on the fifth insulating layer  128 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3A , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the filter  116  is disposed above the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3B , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 3B  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3B , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor  104 , a sensing unit  106 , a first insulating layer  108 , a filter  116 , a first light-shielding layer  110 , a first pinhole  112 , a second insulating layer  114 , a second light-shielding layer  120 , a second pinhole  122 , a third insulating layer  118 , a light-focusing means  126 , and a fourth insulating layer  124 . The structures and materials of the above-mentioned components and layers are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components. As shown in  FIG. 3B , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and surrounds the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 3B , part of the first insulating layer  108  is located between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The filter  116  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108  and is in contact with the sensing unit  106 . In  FIG. 3B , the filter  116  is a single organic material layer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the filter  116 . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the filter  116 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinhole  122 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . In  FIG. 3B , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118  to cover the light-focusing means  126  and can serve as a protective layer for the light-focusing means  126 . In some embodiments, a single or multiple insulating layers (not shown) can also be added between the filter  116  and the sensing unit  106 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3B , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the filter  116  is disposed under the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . In some embodiments, the filter  116  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the sensing unit  106 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 4  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor  104 , a sensing unit  106 , a first insulating layer  108 , a second insulating layer  114 , a first light-shielding layer  110 , a first pinhole  112 , a filter  116 , a third insulating layer  118 , a second light-shielding layer  120 , a second pinhole  122 , a fourth insulating layer  124 , a light-focusing means  126 , and a fifth insulating layer  128 . The structures and materials of the above-mentioned components and layers are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and surrounds the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108  and is in contact with the sensing unit  106 . The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The filter  116  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . In  FIG. 4 , the filter  116  is a single layer of organic material, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the filter  116 . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinhole  122 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . In  FIG. 4 , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the filter  116  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 5  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , the structures and materials of each component and each layer of the optical sensing device  100  are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and covers the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The position of the first pinhole  112  is offset by a specific distance relative to the position of the sensing unit  106 . That is, the first pinhole  112  partially overlaps the sensing unit  106  in the normal direction of the substrate  102 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . The filter  116  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . The position of the filter  116  is offset by a specific distance relative to the position of the sensing unit  106 . In  FIG. 5 , the filter  116  is a single organic material layer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the filter  116 . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The position of the second pinhole  122  is offset by a specific distance relative to the position of the sensing unit  106 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinhole  122 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . The position of the light-focusing means  126  is offset by a specific distance relative to the position of the sensing unit  106 . In  FIG. 5 , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , the filter  116  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 , but the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  do not overlap. Compared with the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , in  FIG. 5 , the positions of the first pinhole  112 , the filter  116 , the second pinhole  122 , and the light-focusing means  126  are offset by different specific distances relative to the position of the sensing unit  106 . The structure is suitable for the detection of incident light with a large angle, such as incident light with an incident angle greater than 90 degrees, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Since the positions of the first pinhole  112 , the filter  116 , the second pinhole  122 , and the light-focusing means  126  are all on the same light path  132  detected with a large angle, the structure can achieve the effect of reducing the light intensity of the near-infrared light wavelength band in the light to be detected. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 6  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor  104 , a sensing unit  106 , a first insulating layer  108 , a first light-shielding layer  110 , a first pinhole  112 , a second insulating layer  114 , a filter  116 , a third insulating layer  118 , a fourth insulating layer  124 , a light-focusing means  126 , a fifth insulating layer  128 , a second light-shielding layer  120 , a second pinhole  122 , and a sixth insulating layer  130 . The structures and materials of the above-mentioned components and layers are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and covers the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . The filter  116  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . In  FIG. 6 , the filter  116  is a single organic material layer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the filter  116 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . In  FIG. 6 , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the fifth insulating layer  128 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The sixth insulating layer  130  is disposed on the fifth insulating layer  128 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinhole  122 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the second light-shielding layer  120  (including the second pinhole  122 ) is disposed above the light-focusing means  126 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7A , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 7A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7A , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor  104 , a sensing unit  106 , a first insulating layer  108 , a first light-shielding layer  110 , a first pinhole  112 , a second insulating layer  114 , a filter  116 , a third insulating layer  118 , a second light-shielding layer  120 , a second pinhole  122 , a fourth insulating layer  124 , a light-focusing means  126 , and a fifth insulating layer  128 . The structures and materials of the above-mentioned components and layers are similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  (except for the configuration of the filter  116 ), and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components and the configuration of the filter  116 . As shown in  FIG. 7A , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and covers the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . The filter  116  includes a first filter  116   a  and a second filter  116   b , which are sequentially disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . 
     In  FIG. 7A , the filter  116  includes multiple organic material layers, for example, the filter  116  includes dual organic material layers, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b  can respectively filter light of different wavelength bands, for example, the first filter  116   a  can filter light with wavelengths ranging from about 700 nanometers to about 900 nanometers. The second filter  116   b  can filter near-infrared light with wavelengths ranging from about 900 nanometers to about 1,100 nanometers, or the opposite, the first filter  116   a  can filter near-infrared light with wavelengths ranging from about 900 nanometers to about 1,100 nanometers, and the second filter  116   b  can filter light with wavelengths ranging from about 700 nanometers to about 900 nanometers. Due to the light-filtering addition effect of the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b , the total wavelength range of light that the filter  116  can filter is between about 700 nanometers to about 1,100 nanometers. Since the filter  116  is a combination of multiple organic material layers, each layer of the filter only needs to be filled with a single dye or pigment to achieve the effect of light-filtering addition, which can reduce the cost, or can provide the options of multiple light-filtering wavelength bands. In some embodiments, the filter  116  can be designed to filter the visible-light wavelength band and the infrared-light wavelength band. For example, if the sensing unit  106  needs to sense the green-light wavelength band, the filter  116  can be designed as a combination of multiple organic material layers, and each layer is designed to have different light-filtering wavelength bands, so that, after the light to be detected passes through the filter  116 , the light intensity of the non-green-light wavelength band is reduced, thereby improving the sensing quality of the sensing unit  106 . 
     The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the filter  116 . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 , covers the second light-shielding layer  120 , and fills the second pinhole  122 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . In  FIG. 7A , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7A , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the filter  116  (including the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b , which are in contact with each other) is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7B , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 7B  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7B , the structures and materials of each component and each layer of the optical sensing device  100  are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7A  (except for the configuration of the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b ), and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components and the configuration of the filter  116 . As shown in  FIG. 7B , the thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102  and driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The first insulating layer  108  is disposed on the substrate  102  and covers the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . The first filter  116   a  is disposed on the first insulating layer  108 . The first light-shielding layer  110  is disposed on the first filter  116   a . The first pinhole  112  is formed in the first light-shielding layer  110 . The second insulating layer  114  is disposed on the first filter  116   a , covers the first light-shielding layer  110 , and fills the first pinhole  112 . The second filter  116   b  is disposed on the second insulating layer  114 . The first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b  (i.e., multiple organic material layers) constitute the filter  116 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The light-filtering wavelength bands and effects of the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b  are similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7A , and will not be repeated here. The third insulating layer  118  is disposed on the second filter  116   b . The second light-shielding layer  120  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118 . The second pinhole  122  is formed in the second light-shielding layer  120 . The fourth insulating layer  124  is disposed on the third insulating layer  118  to cover the second light-shielding layer  120  and fills the second pinhole  122 . The light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . In  FIG. 7B , the light-focusing means  126  used is a microlens, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the light-focusing means  126 , and can be used as a protective layer of the light-focusing means  126 . It is worth noting that, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 7B , the projection of the filter  116  on the substrate  102  and the projection of the sensing unit  106  on the substrate  102  overlap, and the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b  are not in substantial contact with each other. For example, the first filter  116   a  is disposed under the first light-shielding layer  110 , and the second filter  116   b  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 8  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , three adjacent pixels in the optical sensing device  100  are taken as an example for illustration. As shown in  FIG. 8 , the optical sensing device  100  includes a first pixel  100   a , a second pixel  100   b , and a third pixel  100   c . The second pixel  100   b  is located between the first pixel  100   a  and the third pixel  100   c . It is worth noting that a row selection line (not shown) can be disposed between the first pixel  100   a  and the second pixel  100   b  to be electrically connected to the second pixel  100   b  or the first pixel  100   a . For example, reading the voltage value of the thin-film transistor  104  in the second pixel  100   b  or the first pixel  100   a  through the row selection circuit, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Similarly, another row selection line (not shown) can be disposed between the second pixel  100   b  and the third pixel  100   c , which is electrically connected to the second pixel  100   b  or the third pixel  100   c . The structures and materials of the components and layers in the first pixel  100   a , the second pixel  100   b , and the third pixel  100   c  are similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  (except for the configuration of the filter  116 ), and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components and the configuration of the filter  116 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , in the first pixel  100   a , the filter  116  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . In the second pixel  100   b , the filter  116  is not provided, and at least part of the sensing unit  106  is exposed for detecting infrared (IR) light and/or near-infrared (NIR) light signals. In the third pixel  100   c , the filter  116  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . In some embodiments, the position and number of the filter  116  in the first pixel  100   a  and the third pixel  100   c  can also be adjusted to the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 9A , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 9A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9A , the structures and materials of each component and each layer of the optical sensing device  100  are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  (except for the composition of the filter  116 ), and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components and the composition of the filter  116 . As shown in  FIG. 9A , the filter  116  is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 , and the filter  116  includes a variety of dyes, for example, 201, 202, and 203. Since each dye can absorb or reflect light with a certain wavelength band, the filter  116  mixed with multiple dyes has a light-filtering addition effect. The total wavelength range of filtering near-infrared light can be between about 700 nanometers to about 1,100 nanometers. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9B , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 9B  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9B , the structures and materials of each component and each layer of the optical sensing device  100  are similar to those of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9A  (except for the configuration and composition of the filter  116 ), and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components, and the configuration and composition of the filter  116 . As shown in  FIG. 9B , the filter  116  includes a first filter  116   a  and a second filter  116   b , and is disposed between the first light-shielding layer  110  and the second light-shielding layer  120 . The first filter  116   a  includes a dye  201 . The second filter  116   b  includes a dye  202 . The dye  201  and the dye  202  absorb or reflect light with different specific wavelength bands, respectively. In some embodiments, the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b  may also contain multiple dyes respectively. Since the filter  116  is a combination of multiple organic material layers (the first filter  116   a  and the second filter  116   b ), each layer of the filter only needs to be filled with a single dye or pigment to achieve the effect of light-filtering addition. In addition to effectively reducing costs, it can also provide the options of multiple light-filtering wavelength bands. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 10  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10 , a plurality of adjacent pixels in the optical sensing device  100  are taken as an example for description. A row selection line (not shown) can be set between adjacent pixels to be electrically connected to each pixel. For example, the row selection line can be used to read the voltage value of the thin-film transistor  104  in each pixel, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The structure and materials of each component and each layer in the pixel are similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  (except for the configuration of the light-focusing means  126 ), and will not be repeated here. The following will describe the relative positional relationship between the components and the configuration of the light-focusing means  126 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , the light-focusing means  126  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 . The light-focusing means  126  used here is a collimator structure, for example, composed of a plurality of columnar structures  134  and pinholes  136 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It is worth noting that, referring to  FIG. 10 , the aspect ratio (H/W) of the columnar structure  134  is greater than the aspect ratio (H2/W2) of the second pinhole  122  and the aspect ratio (H1/W1) of the first pinhole  112 . The fifth insulating layer  128  is disposed on the fourth insulating layer  124 , covers the columnar structures  134 , and fills the pinholes  136 , which can be used as a protective layer for the light-focusing means  126 . The pinhole  136  of the light-focusing means  126  corresponds to the second pinhole  122 , the first pinhole  112 , and the sensing unit  106 , so that the light to be detected focused by the light-focusing means  126  continues to pass through the second pinhole  122  and the first pinhole  112 , and is focused on the sensing unit  106 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a circuit diagram of an optical sensing device  100  is provided. 
       FIG. 11  discloses the circuit connection and operating relationship between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106  in the optical sensing device  100 . A reset circuit  138  is turned off after the circuit is reset. After the sensing unit  106  collects the light, it converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. When the electrical signal is large enough, a first thin-film transistor  140  is turned on, so that an external voltage  142  is introduced. At this time, a column selection line  144  provides a voltage to turn on a second thin-film transistor  146 , and the voltage value of the second thin-film transistor  146  is read through a row selection line  148 . According to the read voltage value of the second thin-film transistor  146 , and with reference to the voltage value of the sensing unit  106 , the received light intensity of the sensing unit  106  is determined. The reset circuit  138  can be composed of a single transistor, or a circuit composed of multiple transistors, capacitors, or resistors. 
     Referring to  FIG. 12 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing device  100  is provided.  FIG. 12  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical sensing device  100 . 
     The difference between the embodiment shown in  FIG. 12  and the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  mainly lies in the relative positional relationship between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . In  FIG. 12 , the sensing unit  106  is disposed on the thin-film transistor  104 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Other relative positional relationships between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106  are also applicable to the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the optical sensing device  100  includes a substrate  102 , a thin-film transistor (TFT)  104 , a sensing unit  106 , and a first insulating layer  108 . The substrate  102  may include any suitable hard or soft substrate material. The thin-film transistor  104  includes an active layer  150 , a gate electrode  152 , a source electrode  154 , and a drain electrode  156 . The thin-film transistor  104  is disposed on the substrate  102  and located in the first insulating layer  108 . The sensing unit  106  includes a bottom electrode  158 , an N-type semiconductor layer  160 , an intrinsic semiconductor layer  162 , a P-type semiconductor layer  164 , and a top electrode  166 . The sensing unit  106  is disposed on the substrate  102 , is located in the first insulating layer  108 , is not in contact with the substrate  102 , and is driven by the thin-film transistor  104 . The sensing unit  106  may include a light-to-electricity photosensitive element, for example, a silicon-based photodiode. The sensing unit  106  may include an inorganic PIN photodiode or an organic photodiode (OPD). The first insulating layer  108  includes a composite layer composed of a first dielectric layer  168 , a second dielectric layer  170 , a third dielectric layer  172 , a fourth dielectric layer  174 , and a fifth dielectric layer  176 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In  FIG. 12 , the first dielectric layer  168  may be a buffer layer. The second dielectric layer  170  may be a gate insulating layer. The third dielectric layer  172  may be an interlayer dielectric layer. The fourth dielectric layer  174  may be a passivation layer. The fifth dielectric layer  176  may be a planar layer, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The function and number of layers of the first insulating layer  108  can be designed according to product requirements. In  FIG. 12 , a direct electrical connection is formed between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . For example, the thin-film transistor  104  is directly connected to the bottom electrode  158  of the sensing unit  106  through the drain electrode  156 . In some embodiments, an indirect electrical connection may be formed between the thin-film transistor  104  and the sensing unit  106 . In some embodiments, an inorganic dielectric layer  178  may be selectively provided on the fifth dielectric layer  176  of the first insulating layer  108 , as shown in  FIG. 12 . According to some embodiments, a conductive structure  179  may be selectively designed. The conductive structure  179  may be disposed on the top electrode  166  and electrically connected to the top electrode  166 . In another embodiment, the conductive structure  179  may be electrically connected to the top electrode  166  through the through holes  180  of the inorganic dielectric layer  178  and the fifth dielectric layer  176 . 
     Although some embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The features of the various embodiments can be used in any combination as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the present disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods or steps. In addition, each claim constitutes an individual embodiment, and the claimed scope of the present disclosure includes the combinations of the claims and embodiments. The scope of protection of present disclosure is subject to the definition of the scope of the appended claims. Any embodiment or claim of the present disclosure does not need to meet all the purposes, advantages, and features disclosed in the present disclosure.