Patent Publication Number: US-2021168779-A1

Title: Default pdsch beam setting and pdcch prioritization for multi panel reception

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/976,953, which was filed Feb. 14, 2020; the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Embodiments relate generally to the technical field of wireless communications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     PDSCH default beam behavior is unknown when UE is configured with different CORESETPoolIndex values with all TCI codepoints are mapped to one TCI state. Due to PDCCH prioritization, PDCCHs corresponding to one of the panels will not be monitored disallowing multi-DCI multi-TRP operation. Embodiments of the present disclosure address these and other issues. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings. 
         FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C  illustrate examples of operation flow/algorithmic structures in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a network in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a wireless network in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrases “A or B” and “A/B” mean (A), (B), or (A and B). 
     In this disclosure, the following aspects related to multi-TRP operation are addressed:
         How to set PDSCH default beam behavior for single TRP, single DCI multi-TRP and multi-DCI multi-TRP operation; and   PDCCH prioritization based on QCL Type-D for multi-panel reception and single panel reception.       

     Ideas presented in this disclosure allow a UE to monitor PDCCH from multiple TRPs for both single DCI multi-TRP and multi-DCI multi-TRP operation. 
     PDCCH+PDCCH Prioritization 
     Prioritization Limited to Single TRP and Single DCI Multi-TRP Operation: 
     Currently PDCCH prioritization in 38.213 is naturally applicable to both single TRP operation and multi-DCI multi-TRP reception. But as a result of this prioritization, PDCCHs corresponding to one of the Rx panels will not be monitored. The proposal is to remove the applicability of the PDCCH prioritization from multi-DCI multi-TRP operation. As a result the PDCCH prioritization is applicable to single TRP operation (all DCI codepoints are single-TCI with CORESETPoolIndex with different values not configured) and single DCI multi-TRP operation (at least one DCI codepoint has 2 TCI states). This also implies that in single DCI multi-TRP operation, in case of time-overlap of search spaces, PDCCH monitoring occurs from a single TRP. 
     Text proposal for section 10.1 in 38.213: 
     If a UE
         is configured for single cell operation or for operation with carrier aggregation in a same frequency band, and   monitors PDCCH candidates in overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions in multiple CORESETs that have same or different QCL-TypeD properties on active DL BWP(s) of one or more cells, and   is not configured with two different values of CORESETPoolIndex in ControlResourceSet
           the UE monitors PDCCHs only in a CORESET, and in any other CORESET from the multiple CORESETs having same QCL-TypeD properties as the CORESET, on the active DL BWP of a cell from the one or more cells   
           the CORESET corresponds to the CSS set with the lowest index in the cell with the lowest index containing CSS, if any; otherwise, to the USS set with the lowest index in the cell with lowest index   the lowest USS set index is determined over all USS sets with at least one PDCCH candidate in overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions   for the purpose of determining the CORESET, a SS/PBCH block is considered to have different QCL-Type D properties than a CSI-RS   for the purpose of determining the CORESET, a first CSI-RS associated with a SS/PBCH block in a first cell and a second CSI-RS in a second cell that is also associated with the SS/PBCH block are assumed to have same QCL-TypeD properties   the allocation of non-overlapping CCEs and of PDCCH candidates for PDCCH monitoring is according to all search space sets associated with the multiple CORESETs on the active DL BWP(s) of the one or more cells   the number of active TCI states is determined from the multiple CORESETs       

     Prioritization Extended to Multi-DCI Multi-TRP Operation: 
     The PDCCH prioritization technique can be extended to multi-DCI multi-panel operation (CORESETPoolIndex with different values configured) by specifying the prioritization operation within the set of CORESETs within and across cells associated with the same value of CORESETPoolIndex. This can be specified by the following: 
     Text proposal for section 10.1 in 38.213: 
     If a UE
         is configured for single cell operation or for operation with carrier aggregation in a same frequency band, and   is configured with two different values of CORESETPoolIndex in ControlResourceSet, and   monitors PDCCH candidates in overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions in multiple CORESETs that are associated with the same value of CORESETPoolIndex and have same or different QCL-Type D properties on active DL BWP(s) of one or more cells   the UE monitors PDCCHs only in a CORESET, and in any other CORESET from the multiple CORESETs having the same QCL-TypeD properties as the CORESET, on the active DL BWP of a cell from the one or more cells   the CORESET corresponds to the CSS set with the lowest index in the cell with the lowest index containing CSS, if any; otherwise, to the USS set with the lowest index in the cell with lowest index   the lowest USS set index is determined over all USS sets with at least one PDCCH candidate in overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions   for the purpose of determining the CORESET, a SS/PBCH block is considered to have different QCL-TypeD properties than a CSI-RS   for the purpose of determining the CORESET, a first CSI-RS associated with a SS/PBCH block in a first cell and a second CSI-RS in a second cell that is also associated with the SS/PBCH block are assumed to have same QCL-TypeD properties   the allocation of non-overlapping CCEs and of PDCCH candidates for PDCCH monitoring is according to all search space sets associated with the multiple CORESETs on the active DL BWP(s) of the one or more cells   the number of active TCI states is determined from the multiple CORESETs       

     Prioritization Enhanced for Single DCI Multi-TRP Operation: 
     The PDCCH prioritization technique can be enhanced for single DCI multi-TRP operation (at least one DCI codepoint has 2 TCI states) to allow PDCCH monitoring from 2 TRPs in case of time-overlap of search spaces. In this case multiple CORESETs within and across cells are associated with the same TCI group. A TCI-group can be characterized as:
         a TCI-group comprises of TCI-states associated with the same reception panel   two TCI-States in different cells are associated with the same reception panel if they have the same TCI-State-Id   TCI-States associated with CORESETs that are in turn associated with the same CORESETPoolIndex value (if configured) are associated with the same reception panel   TCI-States associated with the same value of panel index are associated with the same reception panel   Two TCI-States comprising of CRI or SSBRI that are reported in a single reporting instance are not associated with the same reception panel   Reporting of CRI/SSBRI is ordered such that in a single CSI-report with groupBasedBeamReporting enabled, the first CRI/SSBRI is associated with the first reception panel and the second CRI/SSBRI is associated with the second reception panel.       

     If a UE:
         is configured for single cell operation or for operation with carrier aggregation in a same frequency band, and   monitors PDCCH candidates in overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions in multiple CORESETs that are associated with the same TCI-group and have same or different QCL-Type D properties on active DL BWP(s) of one or more cells   the UE monitors PDCCHs only in a CORESET, and in any other CORESET from the multiple CORESETs having the same QCL-TypeD properties as the CORESET, on the active DL BWP of a cell from the one or more cells   the CORESET corresponds to the CSS set with the lowest index in the cell with the lowest index containing CSS, if any; otherwise, to the USS set with the lowest index in the cell with lowest index   the lowest USS set index is determined over all USS sets with at least one PDCCH candidate in overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions   for the purpose of determining the CORESET, a SS/PBCH block is considered to have different QCL-TypeD properties than a CSI-RS   for the purpose of determining the CORESET, a first CSI-RS associated with a SS/PBCH block in a first cell and a second CSI-RS in a second cell that is also associated with the SS/PBCH block are assumed to have same QCL-TypeD properties   the allocation of non-overlapping CCEs and of PDCCH candidates for PDCCH monitoring is according to all search space sets associated with the multiple CORESETs on the active DL BWP(s) of the one or more cells   the number of active TCI states is determined from the multiple CORESETs       

     Distinction of Default PDSCH Default Beams: 
     Three different PDSCH default beam settings can be defined:
         a) Single PDSCH default beam setting (Rel-15) enabled when all TCI codepoints are mapped to one TCI state and UE is not configured with different CORESETPoolIndex values   b) 2 default PDSCH default beam setting based on CORESETPoolIndex which is enabled when a UE is configured with different CORESETPoolIndex values. In this case, gNB through implementation may set all TCI codepoints mapped to one TCI state.   c) 2 default PDSCH default beam setting based on lowest TCI codepoint enabled by a TCI codepoint indicating two TCI states.       

     The current text in 38.213 omits the underlined condition above. As a result both behaviour a) and b) becomes applicable when a UE is configured with different CORESETPoolIndex values with all TCI codepoints are mapped to one TCI state. The following text proposal adds this condition to behaviour a). 
     Independent of the configuration of tci-PresentInDCI and tci-PresentInDCI-ForFormat1_2 in RRC connected mode, if all the TCI codepoints are mapped to a single TCI state and the UE is not configured with two different values of CORESETPoolIndex in ControlResourceSet and the offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL, the UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of PDSCH of a serving cell are quasi co-located with the RS(s) with respect to the QCL parameter(s) used for PDCCH quasi co-location indication of the CORESET associated with a monitored search space with the lowest controlResourceSetId in the latest slot in which one or more CORESETs within the active BWP of the serving cell are monitored by the UE. In this case, if the ‘QCL-TypeD’ of the PDSCH DM-RS is different from that of the PDCCH DM-RS with which they overlap in at least one symbol, the UE is expected to prioritize the reception of PDCCH associated with that CORESET. This also applies to the intra-band CA case (when PDSCH and the CORESET are in different component carriers). If none of configured TCI states for the serving cell of scheduled PDSCH contains ‘QCL-TypeD’, the UE shall obtain the other QCL assumptions from the indicated TCI states for its scheduled PDSCH irrespective of the time offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH. If a UE configured by higher layer parameter PDCCH-Config that contains two different values of CORESETPoolIndex in ControlResourceSet, for both cases, when tci-PresentInDCI is set to ‘enabled’ and tci-PresentInDCI is not configured in RRC connected mode, if the offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL, the UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of PDSCH associated with a value of CORESETPoolIndex of a serving cell are quasi co-located with the RS(s) with respect to the QCL parameter(s) used for PDCCH quasi co-location indication of the CORESET associated with a monitored search space with the lowest CORESET-ID among CORESETs, which are configured with the same value of CORESETPoolIndex as the PDCCH scheduling that PDSCH, in the latest slot in which one or more CORESETs associated with the same value of CORESETPoolIndex as the PDCCH scheduling that PDSCH within the active BWP of the serving cell are monitored by the UE. If the offset between the reception of the DL DCI and the corresponding PDSCH is less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL and at least one configured TCI states for the serving cell of scheduled PDSCH contains the ‘QCL-TypeD’, and at least one TCI codepoint indicates two TCI states, the UE may assume that the DM-RS ports of PDSCH of a serving cell are quasi co-located with the RS(s) with respect to the QCL parameter(s) associated with the TCI states corresponding to the lowest codepoint among the TCI codepoints containing two different TCI states. 
     Systems and Implementations 
       FIGS. 2-3  illustrate various systems, devices, and components that may implement aspects of disclosed embodiments. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a network  200  in accordance with various embodiments. The network  200  may operate in a manner consistent with 3GPP technical specifications for LTE or 5G/NR systems. However, the example embodiments are not limited in this regard and the described embodiments may apply to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems, or the like. 
     The network  200  may include a UE  202 , which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN  204  via an over-the-air connection. The UE  202  may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the network  200  may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface. The UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  202  may additionally communicate with an AP  206  via an over-the-air connection. The AP  206  may manage a WLAN connection, which may serve to offload some/all network traffic from the RAN  204 . The connection between the UE  202  and the AP  206  may be consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP  206  could be a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router. In some embodiments, the UE  202 , RAN  204 , and AP  206  may utilize cellular-WLAN aggregation (for example, LWA/LWIP). Cellular-WLAN aggregation may involve the UE  202  being configured by the RAN  204  to utilize both cellular radio resources and WLAN resources. 
     The RAN  204  may include one or more access nodes, for example, AN  208 . AN  208  may terminate air-interface protocols for the UE  202  by providing access stratum protocols including RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and L1 protocols. In this manner, the AN  208  may enable data/voice connectivity between CN  220  and the UE  202 . In some embodiments, the AN  208  may be implemented in a discrete device or as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of, for example, a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN or virtual baseband unit pool. The AN  208  be referred to as a BS, gNB, RAN node, eNB, ng-eNB, NodeB, RSU, TRxP, TRP, etc. The AN  208  may be a macrocell base station or a low power base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells. 
     In embodiments in which the RAN  204  includes a plurality of ANs, they may be coupled with one another via an X2 interface (if the RAN  204  is an LTE RAN) or an Xn interface (if the RAN  204  is a 5G RAN). The X2/Xn interfaces, which may be separated into control/user plane interfaces in some embodiments, may allow the ANs to communicate information related to handovers, data/context transfers, mobility, load management, interference coordination, etc. 
     The ANs of the RAN  204  may each manage one or more cells, cell groups, component carriers, etc. to provide the UE  202  with an air interface for network access. The UE  202  may be simultaneously connected with a plurality of cells provided by the same or different ANs of the RAN  204 . For example, the UE  202  and RAN  204  may use carrier aggregation to allow the UE  202  to connect with a plurality of component carriers, each corresponding to a Pcell or Scell. In dual connectivity scenarios, a first AN may be a master node that provides an MCG and a second AN may be secondary node that provides an SCG. The first/second ANs may be any combination of eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, etc. 
     The RAN  204  may provide the air interface over a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. To operate in the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may use LAA, eLAA, and/or feLAA mechanisms based on CA technology with PCells/Scells. Prior to accessing the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may perform medium/carrier-sensing operations based on, for example, a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol. 
     In V2X scenarios the UE  202  or AN  208  may be or act as a RSU, which may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable AN or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE. An RSU implemented in or by: a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU”; an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU”; a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU”; and the like. In one example, an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located on a roadside that provides connectivity support to passing vehicle UEs. The RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry to store intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, as well as applications/software to sense and control ongoing vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The RSU may provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as crash avoidance, traffic warnings, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU may provide other cellular/WLAN communications services. The components of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) to a traffic signal controller or a backhaul network. 
     In some embodiments, the RAN  204  may be an LTE RAN  210  with eNBs, for example, eNB  212 . The LTE RAN  210  may provide an LTE air interface with the following characteristics: SCS of 15 kHz; CP-OFDM waveform for DL and SC-FDMA waveform for UL; turbo codes for data and TBCC for control; etc. The LTE air interface may rely on CSI-RS for CSI acquisition and beam management; PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH/PDCCH demodulation; and CRS for cell search and initial acquisition, channel quality measurements, and channel estimation for coherent demodulation/detection at the UE. The LTE air interface may operating on sub-6 GHz bands. 
     In some embodiments, the RAN  204  may be an NG-RAN  214  with gNBs, for example, gNB  216 , or ng-eNBs, for example, ng-eNB  218 . The gNB  216  may connect with 5G-enabled UEs using a 5G NR interface. The gNB  216  may connect with a 5G core through an NG interface, which may include an N2 interface or an N3 interface. The ng-eNB  218  may also connect with the 5G core through an NG interface, but may connect with a UE via an LTE air interface. The gNB  216  and the ng-eNB  218  may connect with each other over an Xn interface. 
     In some embodiments, the NG interface may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the nodes of the NG-RAN  214  and a UPF  248  (e.g., N3 interface), and an NG control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the nodes of the NG-RAN  214  and an AMF  244  (e.g., N2 interface). 
     The NG-RAN  214  may provide a 5G-NR air interface with the following characteristics: variable SCS; CP-OFDM for DL, CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL; polar, repetition, simplex, and Reed-Muller codes for control and LDPC for data. The 5G-NR air interface may rely on CSI-RS, PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS similar to the LTE air interface. The 5G-NR air interface may not use a CRS, but may use PBCH DMRS for PBCH demodulation; PTRS for phase tracking for PDSCH; and tracking reference signal for time tracking. The 5G-NR air interface may operating on FR1 bands that include sub-6 GHz bands or FR2 bands that include bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The 5G-NR air interface may include an SSB that is an area of a downlink resource grid that includes PSS/SSS/PBCH. 
     In some embodiments, the 5G-NR air interface may utilize BWPs for various purposes. For example, BWP can be used for dynamic adaptation of the SCS. For example, the UE  202  can be configured with multiple BWPs where each BWP configuration has a different SCS. When a BWP change is indicated to the UE  202 , the SCS of the transmission is changed as well. Another use case example of BWP is related to power saving. In particular, multiple BWPs can be configured for the UE  202  with different amount of frequency resources (for example, PRBs) to support data transmission under different traffic loading scenarios. A BWP containing a smaller number of PRBs can be used for data transmission with small traffic load while allowing power saving at the UE  202  and in some cases at the gNB  216 . A BWP containing a larger number of PRBs can be used for scenarios with higher traffic load. 
     The RAN  204  is communicatively coupled to CN  220  that includes network elements to provide various functions to support data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (for example, users of UE  202 ). The components of the CN  220  may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes. In some embodiments, NFV may be utilized to virtualize any or all of the functions provided by the network elements of the CN  220  onto physical compute/storage resources in servers, switches, etc. A logical instantiation of the CN  220  may be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN  220  may be referred to as a network sub-slice. 
     In some embodiments, the CN  220  may be an LTE CN  222 , which may also be referred to as an EPC. The LTE CN  222  may include MME  224 , SGW  226 , SGSN  228 , HSS  230 , PGW  232 , and PCRF  234  coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the LTE CN  222  may be briefly introduced as follows. 
     The MME  224  may implement mobility management functions to track a current location of the UE  202  to facilitate paging, bearer activation/deactivation, handovers, gateway selection, authentication, etc. 
     The SGW  226  may terminate an Si interface toward the RAN and route data packets between the RAN and the LTE CN  222 . The SGW  226  may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. 
     The SGSN  228  may track a location of the UE  202  and perform security functions and access control. In addition, the SGSN  228  may perform inter-EPC node signaling for mobility between different RAT networks; PDN and S-GW selection as specified by MME  224 ; MME selection for handovers; etc. The S3 reference point between the MME  224  and the SGSN  228  may enable user and bearer information exchange for inter-3GPP access network mobility in idle/active states. 
     The HSS  230  may include a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions. The HSS  230  can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc. An S6a reference point between the HSS  230  and the MME  224  may enable transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the LTE CN  220 . 
     The PGW  232  may terminate an SGi interface toward a data network (DN)  236  that may include an application/content server  238 . The PGW  232  may route data packets between the LTE CN  222  and the data network  236 . The PGW  232  may be coupled with the SGW  226  by an S5 reference point to facilitate user plane tunneling and tunnel management. The PGW  232  may further include a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection (for example, PCEF). Additionally, the SGi reference point between the PGW  232  and the data network  2   36  may be an operator external public, a private PDN, or an intra-operator packet data network, for example, for provision of IMS services. The PGW  232  may be coupled with a PCRF  234  via a Gx reference point. 
     The PCRF  234  is the policy and charging control element of the LTE CN  222 . The PCRF  234  may be communicatively coupled to the app/content server  238  to determine appropriate QoS and charging parameters for service flows. The PCRF  232  may provision associated rules into a PCEF (via Gx reference point) with appropriate TFT and QCI. 
     In some embodiments, the CN  220  may be a 5GC  240 . The 5GC  240  may include an AUSF  242 , AMF  244 , SMF  246 , UPF  248 , NSSF  250 , NEF  252 , NRF  254 , PCF  256 , UDM  258 , and AF  260  coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the 5GC  240  may be briefly introduced as follows. 
     The AUSF  242  may store data for authentication of UE  202  and handle authentication-related functionality. The AUSF  242  may facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types. In addition to communicating with other elements of the 5GC  240  over reference points as shown, the AUSF  242  may exhibit an Nausf service-based interface. 
     The AMF  244  may allow other functions of the 5GC  240  to communicate with the UE  202  and the RAN  204  and to subscribe to notifications about mobility events with respect to the UE  202 . The AMF  244  may be responsible for registration management (for example, for registering UE  202 ), connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception of AMF-related events, and access authentication and authorization. The AMF  244  may provide transport for SM messages between the UE  202  and the SMF  246 , and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages. AMF  244  may also provide transport for SMS messages between UE  202  and an SMSF. AMF  244  may interact with the AUSF  242  and the UE  202  to perform various security anchor and context management functions. Furthermore, AMF  244  may be a termination point of a RAN CP interface, which may include or be an N2 reference point between the RAN  204  and the AMF  244 ; and the AMF  244  may be a termination point of NAS (N1) signaling, and perform NAS ciphering and integrity protection. AMF  244  may also support NAS signaling with the UE  202  over an N3 IWF interface. 
     The SMF  246  may be responsible for SM (for example, session establishment, tunnel management between UPF  248  and AN  208 ); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP function; configuring traffic steering at UPF  248  to route traffic to proper destination; termination of interfaces toward policy control functions; controlling part of policy enforcement, charging, and QoS; lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI system); termination of SM parts of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiating AN specific SM information, sent via AMF  244  over N2 to AN  208 ; and determining SSC mode of a session. SM may refer to management of a PDU session, and a PDU session or “session” may refer to a PDU connectivity service that provides or enables the exchange of PDUs between the UE  202  and the data network  236 . 
     The UPF  248  may act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point of interconnect to data network  236 , and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU session. The UPF  248  may also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane part of policy rules, lawfully intercept packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS handling for a user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL/DL rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic verification (e.g., SDF-to-QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering. UPF  248  may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network. 
     The NSSF  250  may select a set of network slice instances serving the UE  202 . The NSSF  250  may also determine allowed NSSAI and the mapping to the subscribed S-NSSAIs, if needed. The NSSF  250  may also determine the AMF set to be used to serve the UE  202 , or a list of candidate AMFs based on a suitable configuration and possibly by querying the NRF  254 . The selection of a set of network slice instances for the UE  202  may be triggered by the AMF  244  with which the UE  202  is registered by interacting with the NSSF  250 , which may lead to a change of AMF. The NSSF  250  may interact with the AMF  244  via an N22 reference point; and may communicate with another NSSF in a visited network via an N31 reference point (not shown). Additionally, the NSSF  250  may exhibit an Nnssf service-based interface. 
     The NEF  252  may securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions for third party, internal exposure/re-exposure, AFs (e.g., AF  260 ), edge computing or fog computing systems, etc. In such embodiments, the NEF  252  may authenticate, authorize, or throttle the AFs. NEF  252  may also translate information exchanged with the AF  260  and information exchanged with internal network functions. For example, the NEF  252  may translate between an AF-Service-Identifier and an internal 5GC information. NEF  252  may also receive information from other NFs based on exposed capabilities of other NFs. This information may be stored at the NEF  252  as structured data, or at a data storage NF using standardized interfaces. The stored information can then be re-exposed by the NEF  252  to other NFs and AFs, or used for other purposes such as analytics. Additionally, the NEF  252  may exhibit an Nnef service-based interface. 
     The NRF  254  may support service discovery functions, receive NF discovery requests from NF instances, and provide the information of the discovered NF instances to the NF instances. NRF  254  also maintains information of available NF instances and their supported services. As used herein, the terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like may refer to the creation of an instance, and an “instance” may refer to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. Additionally, the NRF  254  may exhibit the Nnrf service-based interface. 
     The PCF  256  may provide policy rules to control plane functions to enforce them, and may also support unified policy framework to govern network behavior. The PCF  256  may also implement a front end to access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a UDR of the UDM  258 . In addition to communicating with functions over reference points as shown, the PCF  256  exhibit an Npcf service-based interface. 
     The UDM  258  may handle subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions, and may store subscription data of UE  202 . For example, subscription data may be communicated via an N8 reference point between the UDM  258  and the AMF  244 . The UDM  258  may include two parts, an application front end and a UDR. The UDR may store subscription data and policy data for the UDM  258  and the PCF  256 , and/or structured data for exposure and application data (including PFDs for application detection, application request information for multiple UEs  202 ) for the NEF  252 . The Nudr service-based interface may be exhibited by the UDR  221  to allow the UDM  258 , PCF  256 , and NEF  252  to access a particular set of the stored data, as well as to read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notification of relevant data changes in the UDR. The UDM may include a UDM-FE, which is in charge of processing credentials, location management, subscription management and so on. Several different front ends may serve the same user in different transactions. The UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification handling, access authorization, registration/mobility management, and subscription management. In addition to communicating with other NFs over reference points as shown, the UDM  258  may exhibit the Nudm service-based interface. 
     The AF  260  may provide application influence on traffic routing, provide access to NEF, and interact with the policy framework for policy control. 
     In some embodiments, the 5GC  240  may enable edge computing by selecting operator/3rd party services to be geographically close to a point that the UE  202  is attached to the network. This may reduce latency and load on the network. To provide edge-computing implementations, the 5GC  240  may select a UPF  248  close to the UE  202  and execute traffic steering from the UPF  248  to data network  236  via the N6 interface. This may be based on the UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by the AF  260 . In this way, the AF  260  may influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing. Based on operator deployment, when AF  260  is considered to be a trusted entity, the network operator may permit AF  260  to interact directly with relevant NFs. Additionally, the AF  260  may exhibit an Naf service-based interface. 
     The data network  236  may represent various network operator services, Internet access, or third party services that may be provided by one or more servers including, for example, application/content server  238 . 
       FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a wireless network  300  in accordance with various embodiments. The wireless network  300  may include a UE  302  in wireless communication with an AN  304 . The UE  302  and AN  304  may be similar to, and substantially interchangeable with, like-named components described elsewhere herein. 
     The UE  302  may be communicatively coupled with the AN  304  via connection  306 . The connection  306  is illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols such as an LTE protocol or a 5G NR protocol operating at mmWave or sub-6 GHz frequencies. 
     The UE  302  may include a host platform  308  coupled with a modem platform  310 . The host platform  308  may include application processing circuitry  312 , which may be coupled with protocol processing circuitry  314  of the modem platform  310 . The application processing circuitry  312  may run various applications for the UE  302  that source/sink application data. The application processing circuitry  312  may further implement one or more layer operations to transmit/receive application data to/from a data network. These layer operations may include transport (for example UDP) and Internet (for example, IP) operations 
     The protocol processing circuitry  314  may implement one or more of layer operations to facilitate transmission or reception of data over the connection  306 . The layer operations implemented by the protocol processing circuitry  314  may include, for example, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC and NAS operations. 
     The modem platform  310  may further include digital baseband circuitry  316  that may implement one or more layer operations that are “below” layer operations performed by the protocol processing circuitry  314  in a network protocol stack. These operations may include, for example, PHY operations including one or more of HARQ-ACK functions, scrambling/descrambling, encoding/decoding, layer mapping/de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol/bit metric determination, multi-antenna port precoding/decoding, which may include one or more of space-time, space-frequency or spatial coding, reference signal generation/detection, preamble sequence generation and/or decoding, synchronization sequence generation/detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions. 
     The modem platform  310  may further include transmit circuitry  318 , receive circuitry  320 , RF circuitry  322 , and RF front end (RFFE)  324 , which may include or connect to one or more antenna panels  326 . Briefly, the transmit circuitry  318  may include a digital-to-analog converter, mixer, intermediate frequency (IF) components, etc.; the receive circuitry  320  may include an analog-to-digital converter, mixer, IF components, etc.; the RF circuitry  322  may include a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, power tracking components, etc.; RFFE  324  may include filters (for example, surface/bulk acoustic wave filters), switches, antenna tuners, beamforming components (for example, phase-array antenna components), etc. The selection and arrangement of the components of the transmit circuitry  318 , receive circuitry  320 , RF circuitry  322 , RFFE  324 , and antenna panels  326  (referred generically as “transmit/receive components”) may be specific to details of a specific implementation such as, for example, whether communication is TDM or FDM, in mmWave or sub-6 gHz frequencies, etc. In some embodiments, the transmit/receive components may be arranged in multiple parallel transmit/receive chains, may be disposed in the same or different chips/modules, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the protocol processing circuitry  314  may include one or more instances of control circuitry (not shown) to provide control functions for the transmit/receive components. 
     A UE reception may be established by and via the antenna panels  326 , RFFE  324 , RF circuitry  322 , receive circuitry  320 , digital baseband circuitry  316 , and protocol processing circuitry  314 . In some embodiments, the antenna panels  326  may receive a transmission from the AN  304  by receive-beamforming signals received by a plurality of antennas/antenna elements of the one or more antenna panels  326 . 
     A UE transmission may be established by and via the protocol processing circuitry  314 , digital baseband circuitry  316 , transmit circuitry  318 , RF circuitry  322 , RFFE  324 , and antenna panels  326 . In some embodiments, the transmit components of the UE  304  may apply a spatial filter to the data to be transmitted to form a transmit beam emitted by the antenna elements of the antenna panels  326 . 
     Similar to the UE  302 , the AN  304  may include a host platform  328  coupled with a modem platform  330 . The host platform  328  may include application processing circuitry  332  coupled with protocol processing circuitry  334  of the modem platform  330 . The modem platform may further include digital baseband circuitry  336 , transmit circuitry  338 , receive circuitry  340 , RF circuitry  342 , RFFE circuitry  344 , and antenna panels  346 . The components of the AN  304  may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with like-named components of the UE  302 . In addition to performing data transmission/reception as described above, the components of the AN  308  may perform various logical functions that include, for example, RNC functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management, and data packet scheduling. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG. 4  shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources  400  including one or more processors (or processor cores)  410 , one or more memory/storage devices  420 , and one or more communication resources  430 , each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus  440  or other interface circuitry. For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor  402  may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources  400 . 
     The processors  410  may include, for example, a processor  412  and a processor  414 . The processors  410  may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radiofrequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those discussed herein), or any suitable combination thereof. 
     The memory/storage devices  420  may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices  420  may include, but are not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc. 
     The communication resources  430  may include interconnection or network interface controllers, components, or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices  404  or one or more databases  406  or other network elements via a network  408 . For example, the communication resources  430  may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via USB, Ethernet, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. 
     Instructions  450  may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors  410  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions  450  may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors  410  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), the memory/storage devices  420 , or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions  450  may be transferred to the hardware resources  400  from any combination of the peripheral devices  404  or the databases  406 . Accordingly, the memory of processors  410 , the memory/storage devices  420 , the peripheral devices  404 , and the databases  406  are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media. 
     For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section. 
     In various embodiments, the devices/components of  FIGS. 2-4 , and particularly the baseband circuitry of  FIG. 3 , may be used to practice, in whole or in part, any of the operation flow/algorithmic structures depicted in  FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C . 
     One example of an operation flow/algorithmic structure is depicted in  FIG. 1A . In this example, operation flow/algorithmic structure  100  may include, at  105 , retrieving configuration information associated with physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring from multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) by a user equipment (UE) from memory, wherein the configuration information includes an indication of multiple control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with a common transmission configuration indicator (TCI) group. Operation flow/algorithmic structure  100  may further include, at  110 , encoding a message that includes the configuration information for transmission to the UE. 
     Another example of an operation flow/algorithmic structure is depicted in  FIG. 1B . In this example, operation flow/algorithmic structure  120  may include, at  125 , determining configuration information associated with physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring from multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) by a user equipment (UE), wherein the configuration information includes an indication of multiple control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with a common transmission configuration indicator (TCI) group. Operation flow/algorithmic structure  120  may further include, at  130 , encoding a message that includes the configuration information for transmission to the UE. 
     Another example of an operation flow/algorithmic structure is depicted in  FIG. 1C . In this example, operation flow/algorithmic structure  140  may include, at  145 , determining configuration information that includes an indication of a first pool index value of a control resource set (CORESET) and a second pool index value of the CORESET, wherein the first pool index value is different from the second pool index value. Operation flow/algorithmic structure  140  may further include, at  150 , encoding a message that includes the configuration information for transmission to a UE. 
     Examples 
     Example 1 may include a method of distinguishing UE behavior based on all TCI codepoints mapped to one TCI state, UE configuration with different CORESETPoolIndex values, at least one TCI codepoint mapped to two TCI states, TCI-group. 
     Example 2 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein UE behavior comprises of setting PDSCH default beams. 
     Example 3 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein UE behavior comprises of prioritizing PDCCH monitoring. 
     Example 4 may include a method comprising: determining an operation, the operation to include a single TRP operation; a single DCI, multi-TRP operation mode; or multi-DCI, multi-TRP operation; and determining applicability of PDCCH prioritization based on the determined operation. 
     Example 5 may include the method of example 4 some other example herein, wherein the operation comprises multi-DC, multi-TRP operation in said determining applicability comprises determining PDCCH prioritization is not applicable to the operation. 
     Example 6 may include the method of example 4 some other example herein, further comprising: determining whether a UE is configured with two different values of CORESET Pool Index in Control Resource Set; and determining applicability of PDCCH prioritization based on said determination of whether the UE is configured with the two different values. 
     Example 7 may include a method comprising setting PDSCH default beam behavior for single TRP operation; single DCI, multi-TRP operation; and multi-DCI, multi-TRP operation. 
     Example 8 may include a method comprising prioritizing PDCCH based on QCL-type D for multi-panel reception and a single-panel reception. 
     Example 9 may include a method comprising: determining whether a UE is configured with two different values of CORESET Pool Index in Control Resource Set; and monitoring PDCCH candidates and overlapping PDCCH monitoring occasions in multiple CORESETS that are associated with a same value of CORESET Pool Index. 
     Example 10 may include a method of operating a UE, the method comprising determining whether all TCI codepoints are mapped to a single TCI state and a UE is not configured with two different values of CORESETPoolIndex in ControlResourceSet and an offset between reception of a DL DCI and corresponding PDSCH is less than a threshold timeDurationForQCL; and assuming, based on said determining, that DM-RS ports of PDSCH of a serving cell are quasi co-located with the RS(s) with respect to the QCL parameter(s) used for PDCCH quasi co-location indication of the CORESET associated with a monitored search space with a lowest controlResourceSetId in a latest slot in which one or more CORESETs within an active BWP of the serving cell are monitored by the UE. 
     Example X1 includes an apparatus comprising: memory to store configuration information associated with physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring from multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) by a user equipment (UE); and processor circuitry, coupled with the memory, to: retrieve the configuration information from the memory, wherein the configuration information includes an indication of multiple control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with a common transmission configuration indicator (TCI) group; and encode a message that includes the configuration information for transmission to the UE. 
     Example X2 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group comprises TCI states associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X3 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes TCI states in different cells that are associated with a common reception panel and have a common TCI state identifier. 
     Example X4 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes TCI states associated with CORESETs that are in turn associated with a common CORESET pool index value and are associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X5 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes TCI states that are associated with a common value of a panel index and are associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X6 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes two TCI states comprising a channel state information-reference signal indicator (CRI) or a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) that are reported in a single reporting instance and are not associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X7 includes the apparatus of example X6 or some other example herein, wherein a first CRI or SSBRI is associated with a first reception panel and a second CRI or SSBRI is associated with a second reception panel. 
     Example X8 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, are to cause a device to: determine configuration information associated with physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring from multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) by a user equipment (UE), wherein the configuration information includes an indication of multiple control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with a common transmission configuration indicator (TCI) group; and encode a message that includes the configuration information for transmission to the UE. 
     Example X9 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group comprises TCI states associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X10 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes TCI states in different cells that are associated with a common reception panel and have a common TCI state identifier. 
     Example X11 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes TCI states associated with CORESETs that are in turn associated with a common CORESET pool index value and are associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X12 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes TCI states that are associated with a common value of a panel index and are associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X13 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the TCI group includes two TCI states comprising a channel state information-reference signal indicator (CRI) or a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI) that are reported in a single reporting instance and are not associated with a common reception panel. 
     Example X14 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X13 or some other example herein, wherein a first CRI or SSBRI is associated with a first reception panel and a second CRI or SSBRI is associated with a second reception panel. 
     Example X15 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, are to cause a device to: determine configuration information that includes an indication of a first pool index value of a control resource set (CORESET) and a second pool index value of the CORESET, wherein the first pool index value is different from the second pool index value; and encode a message for transmission to a UE that includes the configuration information. 
     Example X16 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X15 or some other example herein, wherein the configuration information is further to configure the UE for operation with carrier aggregation in common frequency band. 
     Example Z01 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example Z02 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example Z03 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example Z04 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example Z05 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions thereof. 
     Example Z06 may include a signal as described in or related to any of examples 1-10, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example Z07 may include a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example Z08 may include a signal encoded with data as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example Z09 may include a signal encoded with a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example Z10 may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors is to cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions thereof. 
     Example Z11 may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X16, or portions thereof. 
     Example Z12 may include a signal in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example Z13 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example Z14 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Example Z15 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples), unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments. 
     Abbreviations 
     Unless used differently herein, terms, definitions, and abbreviations may be consistent with terms, definitions, and abbreviations defined in 3GPP TR 21.905 v16.0.0 (2019-06). For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations may apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 
               
               
                   
                 4G Fourth Generation 
               
               
                   
                 5G Fifth Generation 
               
               
                   
                 5GC 5G Core network 
               
               
                   
                 ACK Acknowledgement 
               
               
                   
                 AF Application Function 
               
               
                   
                 AM Acknowledged Mode 
               
               
                   
                 AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate 
               
               
                   
                 AMF Access and Mobility Management Function 
               
               
                   
                 AN Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 ANR Automatic Neighbour Relation 
               
               
                   
                 AP Application Protocol, Antenna Port, 
               
               
                   
                 Access Point 
               
               
                   
                 API Application Programming Interface 
               
               
                   
                 APN Access Point Name 
               
               
                   
                 ARP Allocation and Retention Priority 
               
               
                   
                 ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 
               
               
                   
                 AS Access Stratum 
               
               
                   
                 ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One 
               
               
                   
                 AUSF Authentication Server Function 
               
               
                   
                 AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise 
               
               
                   
                 BAP Backhaul Adaptation Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 BCH Broadcast Channel 
               
               
                   
                 BER Bit Error Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 BFD Beam Failure Detection 
               
               
                   
                 BLER Block Error Rate 
               
               
                   
                 BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying 
               
               
                   
                 BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 
               
               
                   
                 BSS Business Support System 
               
               
                   
                 BS Base Station 
               
               
                   
                 BSR Buffer Status Report 
               
               
                   
                 BW Bandwidth 
               
               
                   
                 BWP Bandwidth Part 
               
               
                   
                 C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary 
               
               
                   
                 Identity 
               
               
                   
                 CA Carrier Aggregation, Certification 
               
               
                   
                 Authority 
               
               
                   
                 CAPEX CAPital EXpenditure 
               
               
                   
                 CBRA Contention Based Random Access 
               
               
                   
                 CC Component Carrier, Country Code, 
               
               
                   
                 Cryptographic Checksum 
               
               
                   
                 CCA Clear Channel Assessment 
               
               
                   
                 CCE Control Channel Element 
               
               
                   
                 CCCH Common Control Channel 
               
               
                   
                 CE Coverage Enhancement 
               
               
                   
                 CDM Content Delivery Network 
               
               
                   
                 CDMA Code-Division Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 CFRA Contention Free Random Access 
               
               
                   
                 CG Cell Group 
               
               
                   
                 CI Cell Identity 
               
               
                   
                 CID Cell-ID (e.g., positioning method) 
               
               
                   
                 CIM Common Information Model 
               
               
                   
                 CIR Carrier to Interference Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 CK Cipher Key 
               
               
                   
                 CM Connection Management, Conditional 
               
               
                   
                 Mandatory 
               
               
                   
                 CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert Service 
               
               
                   
                 CMD Command 
               
               
                   
                 CMS Cloud Management System 
               
               
                   
                 CO Conditional Optional 
               
               
                   
                 CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point 
               
               
                   
                 CORESET Control Resource Set 
               
               
                   
                 COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf 
               
               
                   
                 CP Control Plane, Cyclic Prefix, Connection 
               
               
                   
                 Point 
               
               
                   
                 CPD Connection Point Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 CPE Customer Premise Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 CPICH Common Pilot Channel 
               
               
                   
                 CQI Channel Quality Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 CPU CSI processing unit, Central Processing 
               
               
                   
                 Unit 
               
               
                   
                 C/R Command/Response field bit 
               
               
                   
                 CRAN Cloud Radio Access Network, Cloud RAN 
               
               
                   
                 CRB Common Resource Block 
               
               
                   
                 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 
               
               
                   
                 CRI Channel-State Information Resource 
               
               
                   
                 Indicator, CSI-RS Resource Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 C-RNTI Cell RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 CS Circuit Switched 
               
               
                   
                 CSAR Cloud Service Archive 
               
               
                   
                 CSI Channel-State Information 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-IM CSI Interference Measurement 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-RS CSI Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-RSRP CSI reference signal received power 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-RSRQ CSI reference signal received quality 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-SINR CSI signal-to-noise and interference 
               
               
                   
                 ratio 
               
               
                   
                 CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 CSMA/CA CSMA with collision avoidance 
               
               
                   
                 CSS Common Search Space, Cell-specific 
               
               
                   
                 Search Space 
               
               
                   
                 CTS Clear-to-Send 
               
               
                   
                 CW Codeword 
               
               
                   
                 CWS Contention Window Size 
               
               
                   
                 D2D Device-to-Device 
               
               
                   
                 DC Dual Connectivity, Direct Current 
               
               
                   
                 DCI Downlink Control Information 
               
               
                   
                 DF Deployment Flavour 
               
               
                   
                 DL Downlink 
               
               
                   
                 DMTF Distributed Management Task Force 
               
               
                   
                 DPDK Data Plane Development Kit 
               
               
                   
                 DM-RS, DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 DN Data network 
               
               
                   
                 DRB Data Radio Bearer 
               
               
                   
                 DRS Discovery Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 DRX Discontinuous Reception 
               
               
                   
                 DSL Domain Specific Language. Digital 
               
               
                   
                 Subscriber Line 
               
               
                   
                 DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer 
               
               
                   
                 DwPTS Downlink Pilot Time Slot 
               
               
                   
                 E-LAN Ethernet Local Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 E2E End-to-End 
               
               
                   
                 ECCA extended clear channel assessment, 
               
               
                   
                 extended CCA 
               
               
                   
                 ECCE Enhanced Control Channel Element, 
               
               
                   
                 Enhanced CCE 
               
               
                   
                 ED Energy Detection 
               
               
                   
                 EDGE Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 (GSM Evolution) 
               
               
                   
                 EGMF Exposure Governance Management Function 
               
               
                   
                 EGPRS Enhanced GPRS 
               
               
                   
                 EIR Equipment Identity Register 
               
               
                   
                 eLAA enhanced Licensed Assisted Access, 
               
               
                   
                 enhanced LAA 
               
               
                   
                 EM Element Manager 
               
               
                   
                 eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband 
               
               
                   
                 EMS Element Management System 
               
               
                   
                 eNB evolved NodeB, E-UTRAN Node B 
               
               
                   
                 EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity 
               
               
                   
                 EPC Evolved Packet Core 
               
               
                   
                 EPDCCH enhanced PDCCH, enhanced Physical 
               
               
                   
                 Downlink Control Cannel 
               
               
                   
                 EPRE Energy per resource element 
               
               
                   
                 EPS Evolved Packet System 
               
               
                   
                 EREG enhanced REG, enhanced resource 
               
               
                   
                 element groups 
               
               
                   
                 ETSI European Telecommunications 
               
               
                   
                 Standards Institute 
               
               
                   
                 ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System 
               
               
                   
                 eUICC embedded UICC, embedded Universal 
               
               
                   
                 Integrated Circuit Card 
               
               
                   
                 E-UTRA Evolved UTRA 
               
               
                   
                 E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN 
               
               
                   
                 EV2X Enhanced V2X 
               
               
                   
                 F1AP F1 Application Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 F1-C F1 Control plane interface 
               
               
                   
                 F1-U F1 User plane interface 
               
               
                   
                 FACCH Fast Associated Control CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 FACCH/F Fast Associated Control Channel/Full rate 
               
               
                   
                 FACCH/H Fast Associated Control Channel/Half rate 
               
               
                   
                 FACH Forward Access Channel 
               
               
                   
                 FAUSCH Fast Uplink Signalling Channel 
               
               
                   
                 FB Functional Block 
               
               
                   
                 FBI Feedback Information 
               
               
                   
                 FCC Federal Communications Commission 
               
               
                   
                 FCCH Frequency Correction CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 FDD Frequency Division Duplex 
               
               
                   
                 FDM Frequency Division Multiplex 
               
               
                   
                 FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 FE Front End 
               
               
                   
                 FEC Forward Error Correction 
               
               
                   
                 FFS For Further Study 
               
               
                   
                 FFT Fast Fourier Transformation 
               
               
                   
                 feLAA further enhanced Licensed Assisted Access, 
               
               
                   
                 further enhanced LAA 
               
               
                   
                 FN Frame Number 
               
               
                   
                 FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array 
               
               
                   
                 FR Frequency Range 
               
               
                   
                 G-RNTI GERAN Radio Network Temporary Identity 
               
               
                   
                 GERAN GSM EDGE RAN, GSM EDGE Radio Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node 
               
               
                   
                 GLONASS GLObal&#39;naya NAvigatsionnaya 
               
               
                   
                 Sputnikovaya Sistema (Engl.: Global Navigation 
               
               
                   
                 Satellite System) 
               
               
                   
                 gNB Next Generation NodeB 
               
               
                   
                 gNB-CU gNB-centralized unit, Next Generation 
               
               
                   
                 NodeB centralized unit 
               
               
                   
                 gNB-DU gNB-distributed unit, Next Generation 
               
               
                   
                 NodeB distributed unit 
               
               
                   
                 GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 
               
               
                   
                 GPRS General Packet Radio Service 
               
               
                   
                 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications, 
               
               
                   
                 Groupe Spécial Mobile 
               
               
                   
                 GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 GTP-UGPRS Tunnelling Protocol for User Plane 
               
               
                   
                 GTS Go To Sleep Signal (related to WUS) 
               
               
                   
                 GUMMEI Globally Unique MME Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 GUTI Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity 
               
               
                   
                 HARQ Hybrid ARQ, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 
               
               
                   
                 HANDO Handover 
               
               
                   
                 HFN HyperFrame Number 
               
               
                   
                 HHO Hard Handover 
               
               
                   
                 HLR Home Location Register 
               
               
                   
                 HN Home Network 
               
               
                   
                 HO Handover 
               
               
                   
                 HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network 
               
               
                   
                 HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 
               
               
                   
                 HSN Hopping Sequence Number 
               
               
                   
                 HSPA High Speed Packet Access 
               
               
                   
                 HSS Home Subscriber Server 
               
               
                   
                 HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access 
               
               
                   
                 HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 HTTPS Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure 
               
               
                   
                 (https is http/1.1 over SSL, i.e. port 443) 
               
               
                   
                 I-Block Information Block 
               
               
                   
                 ICCID Integrated Circuit Card Identification 
               
               
                   
                 IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul 
               
               
                   
                 ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Coordination 
               
               
                   
                 ID Identity, identifier 
               
               
                   
                 IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform 
               
               
                   
                 IE Information element 
               
               
                   
                 IBE In-Band Emission 
               
               
                   
                 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics 
               
               
                   
                 Engineers 
               
               
                   
                 IEI Information Element Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 IEIDL Information Element Identifier Data Length 
               
               
                   
                 IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 
               
               
                   
                 IF Infrastructure 
               
               
                   
                 IM Interference Measurement, Intermodulation, 
               
               
                   
                 IP Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                 IMC IMS Credentials 
               
               
                   
                 IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMGI International mobile group identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMPI IP Multimedia Private Identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMPU IP Multimedia PUblic identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem 
               
               
                   
                 IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity 
               
               
                   
                 IoT Internet of Things 
               
               
                   
                 IP Internet Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 Ipsec IP Security, Internet Protocol Security 
               
               
                   
                 IP-CAN IP-Connectivity Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 IP-M IP Multicast 
               
               
                   
                 IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4 
               
               
                   
                 IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 
               
               
                   
                 IR Infrared 
               
               
                   
                 IS In Sync 
               
               
                   
                 IRP Integration Reference Point 
               
               
                   
                 ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 
               
               
                   
                 ISIM IM Services Identity Module 
               
               
                   
                 ISO International Organisation for Standardisation 
               
               
                   
                 ISP Internet Service Provider 
               
               
                   
                 IWF Interworking-Function 
               
               
                   
                 I-WLAN Interworking WLAN Constraint length of the 
               
               
                   
                 convolutional code, USIM Individual key 
               
               
                   
                 kB Kilobyte (1000 bytes) 
               
               
                   
                 kbps kilo-bits per second 
               
               
                   
                 Kc Ciphering key 
               
               
                   
                 Ki Individual subscriber authentication key 
               
               
                   
                 KPI Key Performance Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 KQI Key Quality Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 KSI Key Set Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 ksps kilo-symbols per second 
               
               
                   
                 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine 
               
               
                   
                 L1 Layer 1 (physical layer) 
               
               
                   
                 L1-RSRP Layer 1 reference signal received power 
               
               
                   
                 L2 Layer 2 (data link layer) 
               
               
                   
                 L3 Layer 3 (network layer) 
               
               
                   
                 LAA Licensed Assisted Access 
               
               
                   
                 LAN Local Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 LBT Listen Before Talk 
               
               
                   
                 LCM LifeCycle Management 
               
               
                   
                 LCR Low Chip Rate 
               
               
                   
                 LCS Location Services 
               
               
                   
                 LCID Logical Channel ID 
               
               
                   
                 LI Layer Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 LLC Logical Link Control, Low Layer Compatibility 
               
               
                   
                 LPLMN Local PLMN 
               
               
                   
                 LPP LTE Positioning Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 LSB Least Significant Bit 
               
               
                   
                 LTE Long Term Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 LWA LTE-WLAN aggregation 
               
               
                   
                 LWIP LTE/WLAN Radio Level Integration with IPsec 
               
               
                   
                 Tunnel 
               
               
                   
                 LTE Long Term Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 M2M Machine-to-Machine 
               
               
                   
                 MAC Medium Access Control (protocol layering context) 
               
               
                   
                 MAC Message authentication code (security/encryption 
               
               
                   
                 context) 
               
               
                   
                 MAC-A MAC used for authentication and key agreement 
               
               
                   
                 (TSG T WG3 context) 
               
               
                   
                 MAC-IMAC used for data integrity of signalling messages 
               
               
                   
                 (TSG T WG3 context) 
               
               
                   
                 MANO Management and Orchestration 
               
               
                   
                 MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service 
               
               
                   
                 MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single 
               
               
                   
                 Frequency Network 
               
               
                   
                 MCC Mobile Country Code 
               
               
                   
                 MCG Master Cell Group 
               
               
                   
                 MCOT Maximum Channel Occupancy Time 
               
               
                   
                 MCS Modulation and coding scheme 
               
               
                   
                 MDAF Management Data Analytics Function 
               
               
                   
                 MDAS Management Data Analytics Service 
               
               
                   
                 MDT Minimization of Drive Tests 
               
               
                   
                 ME Mobile Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 MeNB master eNB 
               
               
                   
                 MER Message Error Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 MGL Measurement Gap Length 
               
               
                   
                 MGRP Measurement Gap Repetition Period 
               
               
                   
                 MIB Master Information Block, Management Information 
               
               
                   
                 Base 
               
               
                   
                 MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 
               
               
                   
                 MLC Mobile Location Centre 
               
               
                   
                 MM Mobility Management 
               
               
                   
                 MME Mobility Management Entity 
               
               
                   
                 MN Master Node 
               
               
                   
                 MO Measurement Object, Mobile Originated 
               
               
                   
                 MPBCH MTC Physical Broadcast CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPDCCH MTC Physical Downlink Control CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPDSCH MTC Physical Downlink Shared CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPRACH MTC Physical Random Access CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPUSCH MTC Physical Uplink Shared Channel 
               
               
                   
                 MPLS MultiProtocol Label Switching 
               
               
                   
                 MS Mobile Station 
               
               
                   
                 MSB Most Significant Bit 
               
               
                   
                 MSC Mobile Switching Centre 
               
               
                   
                 MSI Minimum System Information, MCH Scheduling 
               
               
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 MSID Mobile Station Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 MSIN Mobile Station Identification Number 
               
               
                   
                 MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number 
               
               
                   
                 MT Mobile Terminated, Mobile Termination 
               
               
                   
                 MTC Machine-Type Communications 
               
               
                   
                 mMTC massive MTC, massive Machine-Type Communications 
               
               
                   
                 MU-MIMO Multi User MIMO 
               
               
                   
                 MWUS MTC wake-up signal, MTC WUS 
               
               
                   
                 NACK Negative Acknowledgement 
               
               
                   
                 NAI Network Access Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 NAS Non-Access Stratum, Non-Access Stratum layer 
               
               
                   
                 NCT Network Connectivity Topology 
               
               
                   
                 NC-JT Non-Coherent Joint Transmission 
               
               
                   
                 NEC Network Capability Exposure 
               
               
                   
                 NE-DC NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity 
               
               
                   
                 NEF Network Exposure Function 
               
               
                   
                 NF Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 NFP Network Forwarding Path 
               
               
                   
                 NFPD Network Forwarding Path Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 NFV Network Functions Virtualization 
               
               
                   
                 NFVI NFV Infrastructure 
               
               
                   
                 NFVO NFV Orchestrator 
               
               
                   
                 NG Next Generation, Next Gen 
               
               
                   
                 NGEN-DC NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity 
               
               
                   
                 NM Network Manager 
               
               
                   
                 NMS Network Management System 
               
               
                   
                 N-PoP Network Point of Presence 
               
               
                   
                 NMIB, N-MIB Narrowband MIB 
               
               
                   
                 NPBCH Narrowband Physical Broadcast CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPDSCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Shared CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPRACH Narrowband Physical Random Access CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPUSCH Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPSS Narrowband Primary Synchronization Signal 
               
               
                   
                 NSSS Narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal 
               
               
                   
                 NR New Radio, Neighbour Relation 
               
               
                   
                 NRF NF Repository Function 
               
               
                   
                 NRS Narrowband Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 NS Network Service 
               
               
                   
                 NSA Non-Standalone operation mode 
               
               
                   
                 NSD Network Service Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 NSR Network Service Record 
               
               
                   
                 NSSAI Network Slice Selection Assistance Information 
               
               
                   
                 S-NNSAI Single-NSSAI 
               
               
                   
                 NSSF Network Slice Selection Function 
               
               
                   
                 NW Network 
               
               
                   
                 NWUS Narrowband wake-up signal, Narrowband WUS 
               
               
                   
                 NZP Non-Zero Power 
               
               
                   
                 O&amp;M Operation and Maintenance 
               
               
                   
                 ODU2 Optical channel Data Unit - type 2 
               
               
                   
                 OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                 OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 OOB Out-of-band 
               
               
                   
                 OOS Out of Sync 
               
               
                   
                 OPEX OPerating EXpense 
               
               
                   
                 OSI Other System Information 
               
               
                   
                 OSS Operations Support System 
               
               
                   
                 OTA over-the-air 
               
               
                   
                 PAPR Peak-to-Average Power Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 PAR Peak to Average Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PC Power Control, Personal Computer 
               
               
                   
                 PCC Primary Component Carrier, Primary CC 
               
               
                   
                 PCell Primary Cell 
               
               
                   
                 PCI Physical Cell ID, Physical Cell Identity 
               
               
                   
                 PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function 
               
               
                   
                 PCF Policy Control Function 
               
               
                   
                 PCRF Policy Control and Charging Rules Function 
               
               
                   
                 PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol, Packet 
               
               
                   
                 Data Convergence Protocol layer 
               
               
                   
                 PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 PDN Packet Data Network, Public Data Network 
               
               
                   
                 PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PDU Protocol Data Unit 
               
               
                   
                 PEI Permanent Equipment Identifiers 
               
               
                   
                 PFD Packet Flow Description 
               
               
                   
                 P-GW PDN Gateway 
               
               
                   
                 PHICH Physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel 
               
               
                   
                 PHY Physical layer 
               
               
                   
                 PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 
               
               
                   
                 PIN Personal Identification Number 
               
               
                   
                 PM Performance Measurement 
               
               
                   
                 PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 PNF Physical Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 PNFD Physical Network Function Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 PNFR Physical Network Function Record 
               
               
                   
                 POC PTT over Cellular 
               
               
                   
                 PP, PTP Point-to-Point 
               
               
                   
                 PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 PRACH Physical RACH 
               
               
                   
                 PRB Physical resource block 
               
               
                   
                 PRG Physical resource block group 
               
               
                   
                 ProSe Proximity Services, Proximity-Based Service 
               
               
                   
                 PRS Positioning Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 PRR Packet Reception Radio 
               
               
                   
                 PS Packet Services 
               
               
                   
                 PSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSDCH Physical Sidelink Downlink Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSCCH Physical Sidelink Control Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSSCH Physical Sidelink Shared Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSCell Primary SCell 
               
               
                   
                 PSS Primary Synchronization Signal 
               
               
                   
                 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 
               
               
                   
                 PT-RS Phase-tracking reference signal 
               
               
                   
                 PTT Push-to-Talk 
               
               
                   
                 PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel 
               
               
                   
                 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 
               
               
                   
                 QCI QoS class of identifier 
               
               
                   
                 QCL Quasi co-location 
               
               
                   
                 QFI QoS Flow ID, QoS Flow Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 QoS Quality of Service 
               
               
                   
                 QPSK Quadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift Keying 
               
               
                   
                 QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System 
               
               
                   
                 RA-RNTI Random Access RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 RAB Radio Access Bearer, Random Access Burst 
               
               
                   
                 RACH Random Access Channel 
               
               
                   
                 RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service 
               
               
                   
                 RAN Radio Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 RAND RANDom number (used for authentication) 
               
               
                   
                 RAR Random Access Response 
               
               
                   
                 RAT Radio Access Technology 
               
               
                   
                 RAU Routing Area Update 
               
               
                   
                 RB Resource block, Radio Bearer 
               
               
                   
                 RBG Resource block group 
               
               
                   
                 REG Resource Element Group 
               
               
                   
                 Rel Release 
               
               
                   
                 REQ REQuest 
               
               
                   
                 RF Radio Frequency 
               
               
                   
                 RI Rank Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 RIV Resource indicator value 
               
               
                   
                 RL Radio Link 
               
               
                   
                 RLC Radio Link Control, Radio Link Control layer 
               
               
                   
                 RLC AM RLC Acknowledged Mode 
               
               
                   
                 RLC UM RLC Unacknowledged Mode 
               
               
                   
                 RLF Radio Link Failure 
               
               
                   
                 RLM Radio Link Monitoring 
               
               
                   
                 RLM-RS Reference Signal for RLM 
               
               
                   
                 RM Registration Management 
               
               
                   
                 RMC Reference Measurement Channel 
               
               
                   
                 RMSI Remaining MSI, Remaining Minimum System 
               
               
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 RN Relay Node 
               
               
                   
                 RNC Radio Network Controller 
               
               
                   
                 RNL Radio Network Layer 
               
               
                   
                 RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 ROHC RObust Header Compression 
               
               
                   
                 RRC Radio Resource Control, Radio Resource 
               
               
                   
                 Control layer 
               
               
                   
                 RRM Radio Resource Management 
               
               
                   
                 RS Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 RSRP Reference Signal Received Power 
               
               
                   
                 RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality 
               
               
                   
                 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 RSU Road Side Unit 
               
               
                   
                 RSTD Reference Signal Time difference 
               
               
                   
                 RTP Real Time Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 RTS Ready-To-Send 
               
               
                   
                 RTT Round Trip Time 
               
               
                   
                 Rx Reception, Receiving, Receiver 
               
               
                   
                 S1AP S1 Application Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 S1-MME S1 for the control plane 
               
               
                   
                 S1-U S1 for the user plane 
               
               
                   
                 S-GW Serving Gateway 
               
               
                   
                 S-RNTI SRNC Radio Network Temporary Identity 
               
               
                   
                 S-TMSI SAE Temporary Mobile Station Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 SA Standalone operation mode 
               
               
                   
                 SAE System Architecture Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 SAP Service Access Point 
               
               
                   
                 SAPD Service Access Point Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 SAPI Service Access Point Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 SCC Secondary Component Carrier, Secondary CC 
               
               
                   
                 SCell Secondary Cell 
               
               
                   
                 SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division 
               
               
                   
                 Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 SCG Secondary Cell Group 
               
               
                   
                 SCM Security Context Management 
               
               
                   
                 SCS Subcarrier Spacing 
               
               
                   
                 SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol, Service Data 
               
               
                   
                 Adaptation Protocol layer 
               
               
                   
                 SDL Supplementary Downlink 
               
               
                   
                 SDNF Structured Data Storage Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 SDP Session Description Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 SDSF Structured Data Storage Function 
               
               
                   
                 SDU Service Data Unit 
               
               
                   
                 SEAF Security Anchor Function 
               
               
                   
                 SeNB secondary eNB 
               
               
                   
                 SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy 
               
               
                   
                 SFI Slot format indication 
               
               
                   
                 SFTD Space-Frequency Time Diversity, SFN and 
               
               
                   
                 frame timing difference 
               
               
                   
                 SFN System Frame Number 
               
               
                   
                 SgNB Secondary gNB 
               
               
                   
                 SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node 
               
               
                   
                 S-GW Serving Gateway 
               
               
                   
                 SI System Information 
               
               
                   
                 SI-RNTI System Information RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 SIB System Information Block 
               
               
                   
                 SIM Subscriber Identity Module 
               
               
                   
                 SIP Session Initiated Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 SiP System in Package 
               
               
                   
                 SL Sidelink 
               
               
                   
                 SLA Service Level Agreement 
               
               
                   
                 SM Session Management 
               
               
                   
                 SMF Session Management Function 
               
               
                   
                 SMS Short Message Service 
               
               
                   
                 SMSF SMS Function 
               
               
                   
                 SMTC SSB-based Measurement Timing Configuration 
               
               
                   
                 SN Secondary Node, Sequence Number 
               
               
                   
                 SoC System on Chip 
               
               
                   
                 SON Self-Organizing Network 
               
               
                   
                 SpCell Special Cell 
               
               
                   
                 SP-CSI-RNTI Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 SPS Semi-Persistent Scheduling 
               
               
                   
                 SQN Sequence number 
               
               
                   
                 SR Scheduling Request 
               
               
                   
                 SRB Signalling Radio Bearer 
               
               
                   
                 SRS Sounding Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 SS Synchronization Signal 
               
               
                   
                 SSB Synchronization Signal Block, SS/PBCH Block 
               
               
                   
                 SSBRI SS/PBCH Block Resource Indicator, 
               
               
                   
                 Synchronization Signal Block Resource Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 SSC Session and Service Continuity 
               
               
                   
                 SS-RSRP Synchronization Signal based Reference 
               
               
                   
                 Signal Received Power 
               
               
                   
                 SS-RSRQ Synchronization Signal based Reference 
               
               
                   
                 Signal Received Quality 
               
               
                   
                 SS-SINR Synchronization Signal based Signal to 
               
               
                   
                 Noise and Interference Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal 
               
               
                   
                 SSSG Search Space Set Group 
               
               
                   
                 SSSIF Search Space Set Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 SST Slice/Service Types 
               
               
                   
                 SU-MIMO Single User MIMO 
               
               
                   
                 SUL Supplementary Uplink 
               
               
                   
                 TA Timing Advance, Tracking Area 
               
               
                   
                 TAC Tracking Area Code 
               
               
                   
                 TAG Timing Advance Group 
               
               
                   
                 TAU Tracking Area Update 
               
               
                   
                 TB Transport Block 
               
               
                   
                 TBS Transport Block Size 
               
               
                   
                 TBD To Be Defined 
               
               
                   
                 TCI Transmission Configuration Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 TCP Transmission Communication Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 TDD Time Division Duplex 
               
               
                   
                 TDM Time Division Multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                 TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 TE Terminal Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 TEID Tunnel End Point Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 TFT Traffic Flow Template 
               
               
                   
                 TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity 
               
               
                   
                 TNL Transport Network Layer 
               
               
                   
                 TPC Transmit Power Control 
               
               
                   
                 TPMI Transmitted Precoding Matrix Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 TR Technical Report 
               
               
                   
                 TRP, TRxP Transmission Reception Point 
               
               
                   
                 TRS Tracking Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 TRx Transceiver 
               
               
                   
                 TS Technical Specifications, Technical Standard 
               
               
                   
                 TTI Transmission Time Interval 
               
               
                   
                 Tx Transmission, Transmitting, Transmitter 
               
               
                   
                 U-RNTI UTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identity 
               
               
                   
                 UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter 
               
               
                   
                 UCI Uplink Control Information 
               
               
                   
                 UE User Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 UDM Unified Data Management 
               
               
                   
                 UDP User Datagram Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 UDSF Unstructured Data Storage Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card 
               
               
                   
                 UL Uplink 
               
               
                   
                 UM Unacknowledged Mode 
               
               
                   
                 UML Unified Modelling Language 
               
               
                   
                 UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 
               
               
                   
                 UP User Plane 
               
               
                   
                 UPF User Plane Function 
               
               
                   
                 URI Uniform Resource Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 URL Uniform Resource Locator 
               
               
                   
                 URLLC Ultra- Reliable and Low Latency 
               
               
                   
                 USB Universal Serial Bus 
               
               
                   
                 USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module 
               
               
                   
                 USS UE-specific search space 
               
               
                   
                 UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 
               
               
                   
                 UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 UwPTS Uplink Pilot Time Slot 
               
               
                   
                 V2I Vehicle-to-Infrastruction 
               
               
                   
                 V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian 
               
               
                   
                 V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle 
               
               
                   
                 V2X Vehicle-to-everything 
               
               
                   
                 VIM Virtualized Infrastructure Manager 
               
               
                   
                 VL Virtual Link, 
               
               
                   
                 VLAN Virtual LAN, Virtual Local Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 VM Virtual Machine 
               
               
                   
                 VNF Virtualized Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 VNFFG VNF Forwarding Graph 
               
               
                   
                 VNFFGD VNF Forwarding Graph Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 VNFM VNF Manager 
               
               
                   
                 VoIP Voice-over-IP, Voice-over-Internet Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 VPLMN Visited Public Land Mobile Network 
               
               
                   
                 VPN Virtual Private Network 
               
               
                   
                 VRB Virtual Resource Block 
               
               
                   
                 WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave 
               
               
                   
                 Access 
               
               
                   
                 WLAN Wireless Local Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 X2-C X2-Control plane 
               
               
                   
                 X2-U X2-User plane 
               
               
                   
                 XML eXtensible Markup Language 
               
               
                   
                 8ES EXpected user RESponse 
               
               
                   
                 XOR eXclusive OR 
               
               
                   
                 ZC Zadoff-Chu 
               
               
                   
                 ZP Zero Power 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Terminology 
     For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. 
     The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a complex PLD (CPLD), a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD), a structured ASIC, or a programmable SoC), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry. 
     The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, and/or transferring digital data. Processing circuitry may include one or more processing cores to execute instructions and one or more memory structures to store program and data information. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, a physical central processing unit (CPU), a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, and/or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, and/or functional processes. Processing circuitry may include more hardware accelerators, which may be microprocessors, programmable processing devices, or the like. The one or more hardware accelerators may include, for example, computer vision (CV) and/or deep learning (DL) accelerators. The terms “application circuitry” and/or “baseband circuitry” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, “processor circuitry.” 
     The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I/O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, and/or the like. 
     The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. 
     The term “network element” as used herein refers to physical or virtualized equipment and/or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous to and/or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, router, switch, hub, bridge, radio network controller, RAN device, RAN node, gateway, server, virtualized VNF, NFVI, and/or the like. 
     The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices and/or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing and/or networking resources. 
     The term “appliance,” “computer appliance,” or the like, as used herein refers to a computer device or computer system with program code (e.g., software or firmware) that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource. A “virtual appliance” is a virtual machine image to be implemented by a hypervisor-equipped device that virtualizes or emulates a computer appliance or otherwise is dedicated to provide a specific computing resource. 
     The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, and/or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor/CPU time, processor/CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input/output operations, ports or network sockets, channel/link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, and/or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by physical hardware element(s). A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices/systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing and/or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable. 
     The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with and/or equivalent to “communications channel,” “data communications channel,” “transmission channel,” “data transmission channel,” “access channel,” “data access channel,” “link,” “data link,” “carrier,” “radiofrequency carrier,” and/or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices through a RAT for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. 
     The terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like as used herein refers to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. 
     The terms “coupled,” “communicatively coupled,” along with derivatives thereof are used herein. The term “coupled” may mean two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with one another, may mean that two or more elements indirectly contact each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, and/or may mean that one or more other elements are coupled or connected between the elements that are said to be coupled with each other. The term “directly coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct contact with one another. The term “communicatively coupled” may mean that two or more elements may be in contact with one another by a means of communication including through a wire or other interconnect connection, through a wireless communication channel or link, and/or the like. 
     The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. 
     The term “SMTC” refers to an SSB-based measurement timing configuration configured by SSB-MeasurementTimingConfiguration. 
     The term “SSB” refers to an SS/PBCH block. 
     The term “a “Primary Cell” refers to the MCG cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. 
     The term “Primary SCG Cell” refers to the SCG cell in which the UE performs random access when performing the Reconfiguration with Sync procedure for DC operation. 
     The term “Secondary Cell” refers to a cell providing additional radio resources on top of a Special Cell for a UE configured with CA. 
     The term “Secondary Cell Group” refers to the subset of serving cells comprising the PSCell and zero or more secondary cells for a UE configured with DC. 
     The term “Serving Cell” refers to the primary cell for a UE in RRC CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC there is only one serving cell comprising of the primary cell. 
     The term “serving cell” or “serving cells” refers to the set of cells comprising the Special Cell(s) and all secondary cells for a UE in RRC CONNECTED configured with CA/. 
     The term “Special Cell” refers to the PCell of the MCG or the PSCell of the SCG for DC operation; otherwise, the term “Special Cell” refers to the Pcell.