Patent Publication Number: US-2019173417-A1

Title: Multifunctional solar panel

Description:
FIELD OF TECHNIQUE 
     The invention refers to the field of electrical engineering, i.e. semiconducting technique, more precisely field of photoelectricity, i.e. field of devices for transforming energy of light into electrical energy. 
     According to the International Classification of Patents (ICP 2015.01) the invention is classified in Class H 01 L 31/04 by which are defined semiconducting devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelengths or corpuscular radiation, specially adapted as devices for photoelectrical transformation, i.e. for transformation of energy of such radiation into electrical energy. 
     TECHNICAL PROBLEM 
     The technical problem resolved by this invention consists in the following: how to constructively solve multifunctional solar panel, that would be used as driving surface on highways so that by application of housings from transparent material, transparent heating body, solar panel and piezoelectric board, placed one under the other and central directing unit with accompanying electronics, all placed in a special housing under panel, in order to enable light and solar energy and mechanical energy of pressure into electrical energy, by which may be charged batteries, supplied inductors and other consumers contained in multifunctional solar panel, while excess of electrical energy would be returned into system of public procurement of electrical energy. 
     STATE OF TECHNIQUE 
     The applicant has no knowledge of solutions similar to multifunctional solar panel, as the solution described in this patent application. 
     EXPOSITION OF ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION 
     The technical problem is successfully solved by the multifunctional solar panel that is used as driving surface on highways. The multifunctional solar panel, according to this invention, is performed of housing of transparent material, whose exterior surface in protected by a layer of nano-technological material. Under upper surface, inside housing, is placed transparent heating body, solar panel and piezoelectric board. All indicated elements are place one under the other and under it all is placed housing of central directing unit with accompanying electronic and electrical elements. Inside this housing are placed also electrically connected internal battery, current converters and circuit breakers which distribute electrical energy to consumers, to batteries (internal and external) or to distributing network of alternating current. Such described electrical energy is directed by central directing unit which, by receiver-sender with antenna, is connected to central dispatching center. Some elements are placed out of housing, such as for example temperature device, external inductor, external battery and receiver-sender with antenna. 
     Advantages of such solution of multifunctional solar panel are that thanks to solar panel is enabled transformation of solar energy into electrical, at an extremely big surface. Thanks to piezoelectric board is enabled transformation of impulses of force of pressure, due to movement of vehicles, into electrical energy. Produced electrical energy is used for own necessities of users in panel, while excess of energy for filling batteries by direct current, inductive supply of electromobiles that circulate on road or return of alternating current into public distrubutive system of electrical energy. 
    
    
     
       SHORT DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES OF THE DRAWING 
       The invention is described in detail by enclosed drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows multifunctional solar panel S built in a highway; 
         FIG. 2  shows axonometric appearence of multifunctional solar panel; 
         FIG. 3  shows section “A-A” from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  shows block scheme of mechanical and electrical connections of panel: 
         FIG. 5  shows detail “A” from  FIG. 1 , according to variant I. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Multifunctional solar panel S, according to basic variant of performance, derived from housing  15  of transparent material, whose exterior surface in protected by layer of nano-technological material. Housing  15  (looking in transversal section) is performed in form of trapezium, with slope of upper base of trapezium made under angle α compared to horizontal line, for draining water from roadway. Upper surface of housing  15  is performed with parallel recesses  151 , for draining water from roadway. Recesses  151  are placed transversally compared to direction of movement of vehicles. Under upper surface, inside housing  15 , is placed transparent heating body  10 , solar panel  1  and piezoelectrical board  13 . All indicated elements are placed one under the other, while under all is placed housing  152  of central directing unit  5  with accompanying electronic and electrical elements. Left and right of panel S, out of housing  15 , looking in transversal section, are placed temperature devices  12  electrically connected with central directing unit  5 . Out of housing  15 , on embankment of highway, are placed external inductor  7   a  and antenna  16  of sender-receiver which are electrically connected with central directing unit  5 . With it are connected and through earth performed also external source  17   a  of alternating current, drain  18  of direct current into public network, as well as drain  19  of alternating current into public distribution network. In face of multifunctional solar panel S, at width of highway, is placed another multifunctional solar panel S with counterslope towards right embankment of highway (looking in transversal section as picture in mirror). 
     Electrical connections of elements of multifunctional solar panel S are performed in following way ( FIG. 4 ). Housing  15  and heating body  10  are connected by electroconductor  20  with circuit breaker  11  which is connected by conductor  21  to central directing unit  5 , and by conductor  22  with battery  2 . Battery  2  is directly connected with external battery  2   a.  Solar panel  1  and piezoelectric board  13  by conductors  23  are connected with attaching place  14  which is connected by conductor  24  to central directing unit  5  and by conductor  25  to circuit breaker  3 . Circuit breaker  3  is connected by conductor  26  to central directing unit  5 , by conductor  27  with external exit  18  of direct current, by conductor  28 , through current convector  4 , with external exit  19  of alternating current. Circuit breaker  3  is connected by conductor  29  to battery  2 . Central directing unit  5  is connected by conductor  30  to receiver  9 , by conductor  31  to temperature device and by conductor  32  to antenna  16  of receiver-sender. Central directing unit  5  and battery  2  are connected directly with circuit breaker  8  which is linked to current converter  6 . Current converter  6  is connected by conductor  30  to inductor  7  and by conductor  31  to external inductor  7   a . Central directing unit  5  is connected with circuit breaker  17  which is connected by conductor  32  to external source  17   a  of alternating current, while by conductor  33  it is connected to conductor  30  and by conductor  34  to conductor  31 . 
     Multifunctional solar panel S, according to variant I of performance, is performed entirely according to basic variant, only that upper surface of housing  15  is performed with parallel bumps  153 , that enables drainage of water from roadway. Bumps  153  are placed transversally related to direction of vehicle movement. 
     Methods of Industrial or Other Application of the Invention 
     Multifunctional solar panel S represents a device that enables transformation of solar and mechanical energy into electrical. Electrical energy charges internal battery  2  or external battery  2   a . Batterys serve for maintenance of constant electrical energy. By produced energy are supplied users of multifunctional solar panel S, such as heating body  10 , that prevents freezing of driving surface of panel at low temperatures, and housing  15  if it has integrated heaters. To this function also contributes temperature device  12  of external surface of roadway, that is teamed with central directing unit  5 . Housing  15  protects mechanically sensitive systems under itself and passes through specter of solar radiation necessary for stiring up solar panel  1 . Upper surface (driving layer) of housing is nano-technologically configurated to eliminate dirt, while recess  151  or bump  153 , apart from drainage of rain, enables a greater force of friction with vehicle pneumatics. Apart from this, serious consumers of electrical energy are also inductors  7 ,  7   a  that serve for wireless supply of vehicles with electrical energy. Vehicles that pass over or by inductors  7 ,  7   a  shall be permitted to consume inducted electrical energy according to instructions from external operational center, by central directing unit  5 , according to system of prepayed or postpayed users, as with mobile telephones. Surplus of produced electrical energy is directed to charging batteries or for external direct or alterating network of public distribution of electrical energy. In every case, about distribution and way of use of produced electrical energy “decide” external operational center and central directing unit  5 , that are in constant communication and coordination of parameters, by antenna  16  of receiver-sender. In every case, by external operational center and wireless connection with central directing unit  5  is always possible change of regime of work of multifunctional solar panel S. If necessary, for supply of multifunctional solar panel S one can always use current from public distribution network.