Patent Publication Number: US-9898716-B2

Title: Social network construction

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     A social graph is a social structure that may include nodes that connect together via edges or ties to show some sort of interdependency or relationship between the nodes. For example, the nodes may represent people, organizations, or other sorts of entities. The edges between the nodes may represent interdependency or a relationship between the nodes, such as friends, co-workers, values, visions, dislikes, and/or the like. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an example, a method performed under control of an end device may include calculating a social relevance on a social graph between the end device and another end device, based on a social graph bit array of the end device and a social graph bit array of the other end device; determining that the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and constructing an ad-hoc social network that connects the end device with the other end device. 
     In another example, an end device may include a social relevance calculator configured to calculate a social relevance on a social graph between the end device and another end device, based on a social graph bit array of the end device and a social graph bit array of the other end device; a device detector configured to determine that the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and a social network manager configured to construct an ad-hoc social network that connects the end device with the other end device. 
     In yet another example, a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, may cause an end device to perform operations including: calculating a social relevance on a social graph between the end device and another end device, based on a social graph bit array of the end device and a social graph bit array of the other end device; determining that the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and constructing an ad-hoc social network that connects the end device with the other end device. 
     The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The foregoing and other features of this disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  schematically shows an illustrative example of an environment including a server, an end device and multiple other end devices, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIGS. 2A to 2D  schematically show illustrative example social graph bit arrays, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 3  shows a schematic block diagram illustrating an example architecture for an end device, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 4  schematically shows an example flow diagram of a process of an end device for constructing an ad-hoc social network, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates computer program products that may be utilized to provide an ad-hoc social network constructing scheme, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; and 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device that may be utilized to provide an ad-hoc social network constructing scheme, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein. 
     This disclosure is generally drawn, inter alia, to methods, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products related to an ad-hoc social network constructing scheme. Technologies are generally described for a method for computing a social relevance on a social network service (SNS) between multiple end devices by using social graph bit arrays that correspond to each of the multiple end devices and constructing an ad-hoc social network based on the computing result. Thus, it is possible to quickly discover devices having relatively greater or closer social relationship on the SNS, and to construct an ad-hoc social network without high-latency input-output (I/O) processes. 
     In some examples, an end device may be configured to receive, from a social network service (SNS) cloud server, a social graph bit array of the end device. The social graph bit array may be a bit array into which a social graph corresponding to the end device on a social network service (SNS) may be translated by the SNS cloud server. A length of the social graph bit array may be determined in accordance with the number of users on the SNS. For example, the social graph bit array may have 4,294,967,295 bits which are the greatest value in a 32-bit unsigned integer format. As referenced herein, the social graph may be a social structure that may show interdependency or relationship between multiple devices or users on the SNS. 
     The end device may be further configured to receive, from other end devices, via an ultralow-voltage wireless network such as a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) network, social graph bit arrays of each of the other end devices. The end device may be still further configured to calculate a social relevance or social relationship degrees on the social graph between the end device and respective one of the other end devices, based on the social graph bit array of the end device and the social graph bit arrays of the other end devices. Specifically, the end device may be configured to execute a bitwise logical operation to the social graph bit array of the end device and respective one of the social graph bit arrays of the other end devices. For example, the bitwise logical operation may include AND operation or XOR operation. 
     The end device may be further configured to determine whether the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value. The end device may be further configured to detect one or more end devices having a social relevance greater than the predetermined threshold value from among the other end devices. The end device may be still further configured to display identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on a display that may be part of, or communicatively coupled to, the end device. Further, the end device may be configured to receive a user input to select one or more of the displayed identifiers. Then, the end device may be configured to construct an ad-hoc social network that may connect the end device and one or more devices of which the identifiers are selected. 
       FIG. 1  schematically shows an illustrative example of an environment  10  including a server  120 , an end device  130  and multiple other end devices  140 , arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , server  120 , end device  130  and other end devices  140  may be communicatively connected to each other via a network  110 . 
     Network  110  may include, as non-limiting examples, wireless networks such as a mobile radio communication network, including at least one of a 3rd generation (3G) mobile telecommunications network, a 4th or 5th generation mobile telecommunications network, various other mobile telecommunications networks, a satellite network, WiBro (Wireless Broadband Internet), Mobile WiMAX, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) network, or the like. 
     As non-limiting examples, server  120  may refer to one or more apparatuses or servers hosted and/or supported by a service providing organization or entity that provides social networking services to end device  130  and other end devices  140 . Server  120  may exist on a cloud layer. 
     Respective one of end device  130  and other end devices  140  may include, for example, but not as a limitation, a notebook computer, a personal computer, a smart phone, a smart television, a digital camera, a tablet computer, a phablet device, or a personal communication terminal, such as PCS (Personal Communication System), GMS (Global System for Mobile communications), PDC (Personal Digital Cellular), PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), IMT (International Mobile Telecommunication)-2000, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)-2000, W-CDMA (W-Code Division Multiple Access) and Wibro (Wireless Broadband Internet) terminal. 
     In some embodiments, end device  130  may be configured to receive, from server  120 , a social graph bit array of end device  130 . Further, end device  130  may be configured to cache and/or store the received social graph bit array in a memory. The social graph bit array may be a bit array into which a social graph of end device  130  on a social network service is translated. 
     Server  120  may be configured to translate social graphs corresponding to each end device into social graph bit arrays of each end device, and to transmit the social graph bit arrays to each end device. The social graph bit array may have multiple slots. For example, two types of bit (e.g., one or zero) may be inserted or set in each slot of the social graph bit array. A length of the social graph bit array (i.e., a number of the slots) may be determined in accordance with a number of users on the SNS. For example, the social graph bit array may have 4,294,967,295 slots which are the greatest value in a 32-bit unsigned integer format. 
     In some embodiments, for the purpose of translating a social graph into a social graph bit array, server  120  may be configured to add an element of a social graph into ‘k’ number of hash functions. The ‘k’ may be an integer. As non-limiting examples, the element of a social graph may include a mail address or an identifier of each user or end device. Further, server  120  may be configured to set a valid bit (e.g., one) into one or more slots of the social graph bit array, which correspond to results of the ‘k’ number of hash functions. 
     Further, server  120  may be configured to assign weights to the social graph bit array of end device  130  in accordance with the social distance or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and other end devices  140 . In some embodiments, for the purpose of assigning weights, server  120  may be configured to enter each element (e.g., a mail address or an identifier of respective one of other end devices  140 ) into from (k+1)-th hash function to (k+p)-th hash function. The ‘p’ may be an integer, and may be increased as the social distance or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and respective one of other end devices  140  increases. Further, server  120  may be configured to set a valid bit (e.g., one) into one or more slots of the social graph bit array, which correspond to a result of the ‘p’ number of hash functions. Server  120  may be configured to set valid bits into one or more slots of the social graph bit array with regard to at least one of acquaintances on the social graph or a frequency of interactions with the acquaintances. Thus, the social graph bit array of end device  130  may have multiple valid bits which are proportional to at least one of a number of the acquaintances on the social graph or a frequency of interactions with the acquaintances. 
     End device  130  may be further configured to receive social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140  from other end devices  140 . End device  130  may be configured to receive the social graph bit arrays via an ultralow-voltage wireless network between end device  130  and other end devices  140 . As non-limiting examples, the ultralow-voltage wireless network may include a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) network. 
     End device  130  may be further configured to calculate a social relevance or a social distance on a social graph of end device  130  between end device  130  and other end devices  140 , based on the social graph bit array of end device  130  and the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140 . As referenced herein, the social relevance or social distance may refer to degrees or levels to indicate how many or frequently social activities or social communications between multiple end devices on the SNS happen or to indicate how strongly or close multiple end devices are related or tied each other on the SNS. 
     In some embodiments, end device  130  may be configured to apply bitwise logical operations to the social graph bit array of end device  130  and the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140  so as to calculate the social relevance. For example, but not as a limitation, the bitwise logical operations may include AND operation or XOR operation. Specifically, end device  130  may be configured to apply bitwise logical operations, such as AND operation, to the social graph bit array of end device  130  and respective one of the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140 . Further, end device  130  may be configured to count a number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set as a result of the AND operation. End device  130  may be configured to identify and/or determine that the greater the number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set is, the greater or closer the social relevance between end device  130  and respective one of other end devices  140  is. 
     In some embodiments, end device  130  may be configured to calculate a social relevance associated with one social graph bit array “a1” and another social graph bit array “a2” by using the below formula 1. In the formula 1, “a′” may refer to a bit array resulting from the bitwise logical operations, such as AND operation, between the social graph bit array “a1” and the social graph bit array “a2”. Further, “a′ [i] ” may refer to i-th bit of the bit array a′. Further, “bitratio(a)” may refer to a value in a range from zero to one that may represent a ratio of bits at which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set in the bit array “a”. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     Further, end device  130  may be configured to determine whether the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value. For example, end device  130  may be configured to determine whether the counted number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set is greater than a predetermined threshold value. For another example, end device  130  may be configured to determine whether a numerical value produced by the formula 1 is greater than a predetermined threshold value. 
     End device  130  may be further configured to detect one or more end devices having a social relevance greater than the predetermined threshold value from among other end devices  140 . End device  130  may be configured to display a notification to indicate the detection of the one or more devices. End device  130  may be further configured to display identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on a display that may be part of, or communicatively coupled to, end device  130 . In some embodiments, end device  130  may be configured to display the identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on the display in a descending order of the social relevance corresponding to each of the detected end devices. 
     Further, end device  130  may be configured to receive a user input to select one or more of the displayed identifiers. End device  130  may be further configured to construct an ad-hoc social network that may connect end device  130  and the one or more end devices, from among end devices  140 , of which the identifiers are selected, based on the received user input. 
       FIGS. 2A to 2D  schematically show illustrative example social graph bit arrays, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. Server  120  may be configured to translate a social graph corresponding to end device  130  into a social graph bit array. For example, as depicted in  FIG. 2A , a social graph bit array  200  may have ten thousand slots. Social graph bit array  200  may be in an initial state in which zero is inserted or set in all of the ten thousand slots of social graph bit array  200 . 
     Further, server  120  may be configured to add an element into social graph bit array  200 . As non-limiting examples, the element may include a mail address or an identifier of each user or end devices. Further, server  120  may be configured to assign weights to social graph bit array  200  of end device  130  in accordance with social distance or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and other end devices  140 . In some embodiments, for the purpose of assigning weights, server  120  may be configured to enter each element (e.g., a mail address or an identifier of respective one of other end devices  140 ) into from (k+1)-th hash function to (k+p)-th hash function. The ‘p’ may be an integer, and may be change depending on the social distance or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and respective one of other end devices  140 . Further, server  120  may be configured to set a valid bit (e.g., one) into one or more slots of social graph bit array  200 , which correspond to a result of the ‘p’ number of hash functions. 
     For example, as depicted in  FIG. 2B , server  120  may be configured to add a first device element (e.g., a mail address of a first device among other end devices  140 , such as “john@example.com”) into social graph bit array  200 . At this time, if the social distance between end device  130  and the first device is relatively close or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and the first device is relatively great (i.e., end device  130  and the first device contact each other on the SNS, frequently), server  120  may enter the first device element into relatively more hash functions. For example, server  120  may enter the first device element into from (k+1)-th hash function to (k+4)-th hash function. The result of (k+1)-th hash function with the first device element is five, the result of (k+2)-th hash function with the first device element is two, the result of (k+3)-th hash function with the first device element is 9998, and the result of (k+4)-th hash function with the first device element is seven. 
     Further, as depicted in  FIG. 2B , server  120  may be configured to set a valid bit (e.g., one) into second slot  202 , fifth slot  205 , seventh slot  207  and 9998-th slot  209  of social graph bit array  200 , which correspond to the result of the four hash functions. 
     Further, for example, as depicted in  FIG. 2C , server  120  may be configured to add a second device element (e.g., a mail address of a second device among other end devices  140 , such as “scott@example.com”) into social graph bit array  200 . If the social distance between end device  130  and the second device is relatively ordinary or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and the first device is relatively normal (i.e., end device  130  and the second device contact each other on the SNS, sometimes), server  120  may enter the second device element into relatively less hash functions. For example, server  120  may enter the second device element into from (k+1)-th hash function to (k+2)-th hash function. The result of (k+1)-th hash function with the second device element is one and the result of (k+2)-th hash function with the second device element is 9999. 
     Further, as depicted in  FIG. 2C , server  120  may be configured to set a valid bit (e.g., one) into first slot  201  and 9999-th slot  210  of social graph bit array  200 , which correspond to the result of the two hash functions. 
     Further, for example, as depicted in  FIG. 2D , server  120  may be configured to add a third device element (e.g., a mail address of a third device among other end devices  140 , such as “jack@example.com”) into social graph bit array  200 . If the social distance between end device  130  and the third device is relatively greater or frequency of communications on the SNS between end device  130  and the first device is relatively less (i.e., end device  130  and the third device contact each other on the SNS, rarely), server  120  may enter the third device element into minimum hash functions. For example, server  120  may enter the third device element into (k+1)-th hash function. The result of (k+1)-th hash function with the third device element is three. 
     Further, as depicted in  FIG. 2D , server  120  may be configured to set a valid bit (e.g., one) into third slot  203  of social graph bit array  200 , which corresponds to the result of the hash function. 
     As described above, server  120  may be configured to translate a social graph corresponding to end device  130  into social graph bit array  200  by setting or inserting valid bits into multiple slots that may correspond to results of hash functions, which are proportional to at least one of a number of acquaintances on the social graph or a frequency of interactions with the acquaintances. 
       FIG. 3  shows a schematic block diagram illustrating an example architecture for an end device, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. As depicted in  FIG. 3 , end device  130  may include a bit array manager  310 , a social relevance calculator  320 , a device detector  330  and a social network manager  340 . Although illustrated as discrete components, various components may be divided into additional components, combined into fewer components, or eliminated altogether while being contemplated within the scope of the disclosed subject matter. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and/or operation of the components may be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In that regard, one or more of bit array manager  310 , social relevance calculator  320 , device detector  330  and social network manager  340  may be included in an instance of an application hosted on end device  130 . 
     Bit array manager  310  may be configured to receive, from server  120 , a social graph bit array of end device  130 . Further, bit array manager  310  may be configured to cache and/or store the received social graph bit array in a memory. The social graph bit array may be a bit array to which a social graph corresponding to end device  130  on a social network service is translated by server  120 . 
     The social graph bit array may have multiple slots. For example, two types of bit (e.g., one or zero) may be inserted or set in each slot of the social graph bit array. A valid bit (e.g., one) may be set into one or more slots of the social graph bit array, which correspond to a result of multiple hash functions with regard to at least one of acquaintances on the social graph or a frequency of interactions with the acquaintances. Thus, the social graph bit array of end device  130  may have multiple valid bits which are proportional to at least one of a number of the acquaintances on the social graph or a frequency of interactions with the acquaintances. 
     Bit array manager  310  may be further configured to receive social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140  from other end devices  140 . Further, bit array manager  310  may be configured to transmit the social graph bit array of end device  130  to other end devices  140 , periodically. Bit array manager  310  may be configured to receive/transmit the social graph bit arrays from/to other end devices  140  via a ultralow-voltage wireless network between end device  130  and other end devices  140 . As non-limiting examples, the ultralow-voltage wireless network may include a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) network. 
     Social relevance calculator  320  may be configured to calculate a social relevance or a social distance on a social graph of end device  130  between end device  130  and respective one of other end devices  140 , based on the social graph bit array of end device  130  and respective one of the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140 . 
     In some embodiments, social relevance calculator  320  may be configured to perform bitwise logical operations to the social graph bit array of end device  130  and respective one of the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140  so as to calculate the social relevance. For example, but not as a limitation, the bitwise logical operations may include AND operation or XOR operation. 
     Further, social relevance calculator  320  may be configured to count a number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set as a result of the bitwise logical operations. 
     Device detector  330  may be configured to determine whether the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value. For example, device detector  330  may be configured to determine whether the counted number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set is greater than a predetermined threshold value. Device detector  330  may be further configured to detect one or more end devices having a social relevance greater than the predetermined threshold value from among other end devices  140 . 
     Social network manager  340  may be configured to construct an ad-hoc social network that may connect end device  130  with the detected one or more end devices having a social relevance greater than the predetermined threshold value. Specifically, social network manager  340  may be configured to display identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on a display that may be part of, or communicatively coupled to, end device  130 . In some embodiments, social network manager  340  may be configured to display the identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on the display in a descending order of the social relevance. 
     Further, social network manager  340  may be configured to receive a user input to select one or more of the displayed identifiers. Social network manager  340  may be configured to then construct an ad-hoc social network that may connect end device  130  and the one or more end devices, from among end devices  140 , of which the identifiers are selected, based on the received user input. 
       FIG. 4  schematically shows an example flow diagram of a process  400  of an end device  130  for constructing an ad-hoc social network, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. The process in  FIG. 4  may be implemented in environment  10  including server  120 , end device  130  and multiple other end devices  140 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . An example process may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more blocks  410 ,  420 ,  430 ,  440  and/or  450 . Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Processing may begin at block  410 . 
     At block  410  (Receive Social Graph Bit Array From Cloud Server), end device  130  may receive, from cloud server  120 , a social graph bit array of end device  130 . Further, at block  410 , end device  130  may cache and/or store the received social graph bit array in a memory. The social graph bit array may be a bit array into which a social graph corresponding to end device  130  on a social network service is translated. Processing may proceed from block  410  to block  420 . 
     At block  420  (Receive Social Graph Bit Arrays From Other End Devices), end device  130  may receive social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140  from other end devices  140 . End device  130  may receive each of the social graph bit arrays from other end devices  140  via an ultralow-voltage wireless network between end device  130  and other end devices  140 . As non-limiting examples, the ultralow-voltage wireless network may include a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) network. Processing may proceed from block  420  to block  430 . 
     At block  430  (Calculate Social Relevance), end device  130  may calculate a social relevance on a social graph of end device  130  between end device  130  and respective one of other end devices  140 , based on the social graph bit array of end device  130  and the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140 . 
     In some embodiments, end device  130  may perform bitwise logical operations to the social graph bit array of end device  130  and respective one of the social graph bit arrays of other end devices  140  so as to calculate the social relevance. For example, but not as a limitation, the bitwise logical operations may include AND operation or XOR operation. Processing may proceed from block  430  to block  440 . 
     At block  440  (Detect End Devices Having Close Social Relevance), end device  130  may detect one or more end devices having close social relevance with end device  130 . In some embodiments, end device  130  may determine whether the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value. For example, end device  130  may count a number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set as a result of the bitwise logical operations performed at block  430 . Further, end device  130  may determine whether the counted number of slots in which a valid bit (e.g., one) is set is greater than a predetermined threshold value. Then, end device  130  may detect one or more end devices having a social relevance greater than the predetermined threshold value from among other end devices  140 . Processing may proceed from block  440  to block  450 . 
     At block  450  (Construct Ad-Hoc Social Network), end device  130  may construct an ad-hoc social network that may connect end device  130  with the detected one or more end devices having a social relevance greater than the predetermined threshold value. Specifically, at block  450 , end device  130  display identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on a display that may be part of, or communicatively coupled to, end device  130 . In some embodiments, end device  130  may display the identifiers of the detected one or more end devices on the display in a descending order of the social relevance. 
     Further, at block  450 , end device  130  may receive a user input to select one or more of the displayed identifiers. End device  130  may construct an ad-hoc social network that may connect end device  130  and the one or more end devices, from among end devices  140 , of which the identifiers are selected, based on the received user input. 
     One skilled in the art will appreciate that, for this and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the functions performed in the processes and methods may be implemented in differing order. Furthermore, the outlined steps and operations are only provided as examples, and some of the steps and operations may be optional, combined into fewer steps and operations, or expanded into additional steps and operations without detracting from the essence of the disclosed embodiments. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates computer program products that may be utilized to provide an ad-hoc social network constructing scheme, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. Program product  500  may include a signal bearing medium  510 . Signal bearing medium  510  may include one or more instructions  520  that, when executed by, for example, a processor, may provide the functionality described above with respect to  FIGS. 1-4 . By way of example, instructions  520  may include: one or more instructions for calculating a social relevance on a social graph between the end device and another end device, based on a social graph bit array of the end device and a social graph bit array of the other end device; one or more instructions for determining that the calculated social relevance is greater than a predetermined threshold value; or one or more instructions for constructing an ad-hoc social network that connects the end device with the other end device. Thus, for example, referring to  FIG. 3 , end device  130  may undertake one or more of the blocks shown in  FIG. 4  in response to instructions  520 . 
     In some implementations, signal bearing medium  510  may encompass a computer-readable medium  530 , such as, but not limited to, a hard disk drive, a CD, a DVD, a digital tape, memory, etc. In some implementations, signal bearing medium  510  may encompass a recordable medium  540 , such as, but not limited to, memory, read/write (R/W) CDs, R/W DVDs, etc. In some implementations, signal bearing medium  510  may encompass a communications medium  550 , such as, but not limited to, a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.). Thus, for example, program product  500  may be conveyed to one or more modules of end device  130  by an RF signal bearing medium  510 , where the signal bearing medium  510  is conveyed by a wireless communications medium  550  (e.g., a wireless communications medium conforming with the IEEE 802.11 standard). 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device that may be utilized to provide an ad-hoc social network constructing scheme, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. In these examples, elements of computing device  600  may be arranged or configured for a device. In a very basic configuration  602 , computing device  600  typically includes one or more processors  604  and a system memory  606 . A memory bus  608  may be used for communicating between processor  604  and system memory  606 . 
     Depending on the desired configuration, processor  604  may be of any type including but not limited to a microprocessor (μP), a microcontroller (μC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or any combination thereof. Processor  604  may include one more levels of caching, such as a level one cache  610  and a level two cache  612 , a processor core  614 , and registers  616 . An example processor core  614  may include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a floating point unit (FPU), a digital signal processing core (DSP Core), or any combination thereof. An example memory controller  618  may also be used with processor  604 , or in some implementations memory controller  618  may be an internal part of processor  604 . 
     Depending on the desired configuration, system memory  606  may be of any type including but not limited to volatile memory (such as RAM), non-volatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or any combination thereof. System memory  606  may include an operating system  620 , an application  622 , and program data  624 . Application  622  may include instructions  626  that may be arranged to perform the functions as described herein including the actions described with respect to end device architecture as shown in  FIG. 3  or including the actions described with respect to the flow charts shown in  FIG. 4 . In some examples, application  622  may be arranged to operate with program data  624  on an operating system  620  such that the schemes for constructing an ad-hoc social network. 
     Computing device  600  may have additional features or functionality, and additional interfaces to facilitate communications between basic configuration  602  and any required devices and interfaces. For example, a bus/interface controller  630  may be used to facilitate communications between basic configuration  602  and one or more data storage devices  632  via a storage interface bus  634 . Data storage devices  632  may be removable storage devices  636 , non-removable storage devices  638 , or a combination thereof. Examples of removable storage and non-removable storage devices include magnetic disk devices such as flexible disk drives and hard-disk drives (HDD), optical disk drives such as compact disk (CD) drives or digital versatile disk (DVD) drives, solid state drives (SSD), and tape drives to name a few. Example computer storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. 
     System memory  606 , removable storage devices  636  and non-removable storage devices  638  are examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which may be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by computing device  600 . Any such computer storage media may be part of computing device  600 . 
     Computing device  600  may also include an interface bus  640  for facilitating communication from various interface devices (e.g., output devices  642 , peripheral interfaces  644 , and communication devices  646 ) to basic configuration  602  via bus/interface controller  630 . Example output devices  642  include a graphics processing unit  648  and an audio processing unit  650 , which may be configured to communicate to various external devices such as a display or speakers via one or more A/V ports  652 . Example peripheral interfaces  644  include a serial interface controller  654  or a parallel interface controller  656 , which may be configured to communicate with external devices such as input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc.) or other peripheral devices (e.g., printer, scanner, etc.) via one or more I/O ports  658 . An example communication device  646  includes a network controller  660 , which may be arranged to facilitate communications with one or more other computing devices  662  over a network communication link via one or more communication ports  664 . 
     The network communication link may be one example of a communication media. Communication media may typically be embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media. A “modulated data signal” may be a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media may include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR) and other wireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein may include both storage media and communication media. 
     Computing device  600  may be implemented as a portion of a small-form factor portable (or mobile) electronic device such as a cell phone, a personal data assistant (PDA), a personal media player device, a wireless web-watch device, a personal headset device, an application specific device, or a hybrid device that include any of the above functions. Computing device  600  may also be implemented as a personal computer including both laptop computer and non-laptop computer configurations. 
     The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. 
     With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. 
     It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 
     In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group. 
     As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth. 
     From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.