Patent Publication Number: US-6662163-B1

Title: System and method for programming portable devices from a remote computer system

Description:
The present invention relates generally to interactive voice response devices and more specifically to a method and system that use standard Internet protocols to send pages of information from remote computer systems to portable interactive voice response devices to program them to interact with and guide the actions of users. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many workers who perform tasks that would otherwise require close supervision can be guided efficiently through the use of portable interactive voice response devices. At the same time these devices can be used to collect data and verify the work done. 
     Consider, for example, the task of “picking,” that is, retrieving, distinct sets of different items from a warehouse to fill customer orders. First the orders are collected and organized, next an efficient route through the warehouse is devised, then a warehouse worker is told what items to retrieve from specific locations to fill particular customer orders. The worker follows the prescribed route, picks the items, indicates any that are out of stock or that he cannot otherwise locate, segregates the items by customer order, and returns with the items. On other occasions a worker may follow a similar but different procedure to put away items, may receive items at a loading dock and verify shipping invoices, may inspect incoming or outgoing items, or may count and tabulate inventories. 
     For each of these tasks the worker could be given instructions verbally or on paper, and could record his results using paper and pencil. However, it is more efficient and reliable to use a portable computer-based device that provides the worker with step-by-step instructions as needed, that immediately requests verification or other data from him, and that transmits data to a remote computer system for storage in a central database. Typically, portable computer-based devices utilize a display screen for providing information and a keyboard for receiving information. However, in situations such as those described here the worker&#39;s eyes are busy looking at the items to be located, put away or counted, his hands are holding picked items, tools or a cart, and he may be wearing heavy gloves. Thus, it is not convenient for him to hold a computer-based device (e.g., a bar code scanner), view a display screen, or operate a keyboard. In these situations it is desirable for the worker to wear an interactive voice response device that provides instructions and verification in voice, and that accepts information in voice. 
     Portable computer-based devices, like other computer systems, must be programmed for particular functionality. Also, they must be sent specific data, for example, for specific customer orders. Furthermore, for convenience and flexibility, they should be programmed to support several kinds of tasks, and their programs should be changed or activated as required. Typically such devices are programmed for use in a particular facility or by a particular firm. However, it is more economical to produce commercially devices that can be easily programmed and reprogrammed. Thus, there is a need for methods and systems for easily programming, and for sending programs and data to portable interactive voice response devices so that they perform different functions as needed. There is also a need for general-purpose methods and systems for managing voice-oriented dialogs on such devices. 
     The ubiquitous World Wide Web Internet architecture provides well-known, standard means for displaying text and images, for playing sound recordings, and for receiving information from users. Graphical browsers such as MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER and NETSCAPE COMMUNICATOR, which are widely used by the general public, interpret programs written in accordance with Internet programming conventions. Many convenient program development tools support those conventions. The simplest type of program is a set of linked pages written in the HTML (HyperText Markup Language) language. A page typically includes text style markers, text, references to files that store images or sound, and links to other pages. Means for representing and processing information are also becoming standard. In particular, the XML (extensible Markup Language) language represents information by storing markers that define the structure of the data together with the data itself. Software tools are available for creating, validating, displaying and extracting information from XML files. The World Wide Web was originally intended for access by general purpose computers, but many special-purpose devices, including wireless devices, have been developed to access it. 
     Over-the-telephone access to computer-based information is provided economically by interactive voice response systems. These systems provide information in voice, either using stored speech sequences or synthetic speech. They accept telephone key input. Some also use speech recognition to accept voice input. Interactive voice response systems are used for such applications as stock trading, order entry, and determining bank account balances and order status. Typically each manufacturer of such systems provides his own proprietary programming methodology and program development tools. 
     A consortium, called the VoiceXML Forum, founded by several large U.S. firms promotes using Internet-like programming conventions to standardize and facilitate the programming of interactive voice response systems. In particular, the VoiceXML Forum proposes the use of VoiceXML, an HTML-like eXtensible Markup Language that supports voice input and output with speech recognition and both stored and synthetic speech. To acquire and provide information, over-the-telephone users would use a voice browser that interprets VoiceXML programs similar to the way computer users use a graphical browser that interprets HTML programs. The VoiceXML Forum describes the use of VoiceXML and voice browsers only for over-the-telephone use, only with VoiceXML programs resident on a voice server, and only for acquiring and providing information. Prior to the present invention VoiceXML and voice browsers have not been used for other devices or applications. (Reference: “Voice Extensible Markup Language VoiceXML, Version 1.0”, VoiceXML Forum, Aug. 17 1999, www.vxmlforum.org/specs — 1.html) 
     The present invention uses Internet methodologies to meet the programming and reprogramming needs of portable interactive voice response devices. In particular, it integrates standard Internet protocols, the VoiceXML language and a voice browser to program and operate portable interactive voice response devices for the purpose of interacting with and guiding the actions of users. It thereby provides methods for creating voice-oriented Internet-based systems that support a multitude of applications, for example several different logistics applications within a warehouse, and that manage voice dialogs on portable devices, without requiring extensive computer programming for different facilities and applications. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An interactive voice response system includes a server and a set of mobile clients. The server and clients include RF transceivers for exchanging messages over an RF channel. Each mobile client includes a microphone, a speaker or headset, a processor and a voice browser. The voice browser interprets voice pages received from the server. Upon receiving a particular voice page from the server, the voice browser outputs via the speaker voice prompts specified by the voice page. A speech recognition engine used by the voice browser converts voice responses from a user into a text response. The voice browser then performs an action based on the text response. The action taken may be to request a new voice page from the server, or to continue to interpret the current voice page. 
     The server preferably includes an HTTP server module for receiving and responding to requests for voice pages from the mobile clients in accordance with a predefined protocol. 
     The mobile clients each include a text-to-speech module for converting text in a voice page into voice prompts, and a digitized speech module for playing digitized voice data representing other voice prompts. The mobile clients also include a speech recognition module for recognizing words or data string within a user&#39;s voice responses in accordance with a user specific voice file received from the server. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Additional objects and features of the invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and appended claims when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a system in which portable clients communicate with a server. 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a portable client in an embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the relationships among Intranet protocols and interfaces. 
     FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a server in an embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 5A and 5B are a flowchart depicting operation of an embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Overview of Invention 
     The present invention utilizes standard Internet protocols to communicate between client and server computers, to dynamically program portable client computers, and to manage voice dialogs for the purpose of interacting with and guiding users in various work tasks. Generic communication protocols and software are integrated into a platform that supports a multitude of facilities and applications without requiring extensive computer programming. The software combines application-specific work procedures with data provided by third-party software such as existing Enterprise Resource Planning packages. This combination of procedures and data is used to control how the client interacts with the user, for example, what kind of input to expect from the user and when to expect it. 
     The present invention may be operated within a facility such as a warehouse, package distribution center, factory or inspection site. The client computer may be a wearable portable device that includes a CPU module, a voice browser application, battery pack, headphones and microphone. The server computer may be part of an Intranet network (that is, a local area network that runs Internet protocols) inside the facility. The client and server communicate via a Radio Frequency (RF) link. The server “serves” VoiceXML pages to voice browsers on portable clients within a facility using the same protocols that an Internet web (that is, World Wide Web) server uses to serve HTML pages to graphical browsers on computers. 
     A browser, in general, is a uniform hypertext interface to many kinds of information and application programs. Hypertext refers to a collection of computer-readable text documents containing links, that is, location references. A browser utilizes the links to facilitate moving its attention between linked documents. A voice browser is similar to a graphical browser in that it is a program that processes hypertext and presents the hypertext content in a specified format. The voice browser used in the preferred embodiment of this invention receives and outputs all information in the form of sound rather than having graphical input and output. The particular type of hypertext used in the preferred embodiment is based on VoiceXML. VoiceXML was designed by the VoiceXML Forum to create audio dialogs that feature digitized audio and speech recognition and to facilitate web-based development and content delivery. The voice browser reads a VoiceXML page from top to bottom and acts upon the information and instructions it reads as it reads them. 
     In a typical application the preferred embodiment works in the following manner: 
     Upon being powered up, the voice browser on the wearable portable client launches a default startup program on the server, by requesting a URL associated with that startup program. 
     The startup program (executed by the server) determines, from a database, information about the particular client, and sends a voice sign-on VoiceXML page to the voice browser thereby programming the client to perform the voice sign-on function. 
     The voice sign-on page prompts the user to say his or her name. If the name is recognized by the speech recognition software on the client, the user&#39;s voice files and application-specific grammar files (both needed for speech recognition) are loaded onto the client; otherwise this is a new user who must train the speech recognition software to understand his voice. The following assumes that the user&#39;s name is recognized. 
     When the voice browser reaches the end of the voice sign-on page it waits for the next program or page from the server, and in this case, a system host interface module is launched. 
     The system host interface module connects to the third-party software and waits to receive the task-specific data. Upon receiving the data, the system host interface module translates the data into a VoiceXML page and sends it to the voice browser thereby programming the client to perform the application. 
     The voice browser interprets the page and follows each instruction, for example, a) play an audio prompt telling the user to go to a particular location, b) wait for the user to verbally state his location, c) confirm that the user is in the correct location, d) play an audio prompt telling the user what to do at the current location, e) wait for the user to confirm that he completed the requested action, f) play another audio prompt if there is one, and continue. 
     When the voice browser gets to the bottom of the page, the final statement causes it to request the next program or page from the server, launch the appropriate system host interface module, and continue. 
     Server—Client System 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a web server  120  communicates over Radio Frequency (RF) links  115  with one or more portable clients  110  within a facility  100 . The server  120  is part of a wireless local area network (WLAN) within the facility  100 . In the preferred embodiment each RF link operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, but any suitable RF operating frequency may be used in other embodiments. 
     Although the invention is not limited to particular applications, the example facility  100  is a package distribution center where the portable clients  110  are engaged in a multitude of example applications including shipping, receiving, returns processing, inspection and picking. A client computer  122  may optionally be used for assisting in certain administrative tasks, such as training the speech recognition engine in the portable clients to recognize words spoken by each user of the portable clients. 
     Portable Client 
     As stated earlier, the portable clients are preferably small, wearable portable devices, typically weighing less two pounds or less, and being small enough to clip onto a user&#39;s belt or wear on a user&#39;s head as part of a headset. Referring to FIG. 2, a typical portable client  110  includes: 
     a data processor (CPU)  130 ; 
     memory  132 , which may include random access memory and other storage media; 
     a radio transmitter/receiver (RF transceiver)  134  for communications over RF links  115  (FIG.  1 ); 
     an audio CODEC (COder-DECoder)  140 , headphones or speaker(s)  142  and microphone  144  for audio input and output; 
     a battery pack  146  with a power management module  148  for controlling the use of battery power by the client; 
     and one or more buses  150  for interconnecting the aforementioned elements of the portable client  110 . 
     The memory  132  of a portable client may store the following: 
     a real time operating system  160 ; 
     a voice browser  162 ; 
     a digitized speech procedure  164  for converting digitized speech data into an audio signal conveying a voice prompt or other verbal message; 
     a text-to-speech procedure  166  for converting text representing a prompt or message into an audio signal; 
     a speech recognition engine or module  168 ; 
     hardware support procedures  170 , including: an audio CODEC device driver  172  for controlling the audio CODEC  140 , a wireless local area network (WLAN) radio device driver  174 , and a PCMCIA controller device driver  176  for supporting devices such as the RF transceiver  134 ; 
     one or more VoiceXML pages  180 , typically received from the server; 
     a voice file  184 , either generic or for a particular user, for use by the speech recognition engine  168 ; and 
     a grammar file  184  for defining the sets of spoken words and phrases that are to be considered to be responsive to the voice prompts for an application; the grammar file  184  is typically defined by the application in the server that the user is working with; 
     as well as other programs and data files not relevant to the present discussion. 
     In the preferred embodiment the operating system  160  is Wind River System&#39;s VxWorks Tornado Real-Time Operating System. The main functional component is a VoiceXML browser  162 , which utilizes the speech recognition engine  168  to interpret users&#39; verbal statements and the digitized speech and text-to-speech synthesis procedures  164 ,  166  to communicate information to users. The VoiceXML browser also communicates with and uses hardware support procedures  170  to operate the RF transceiver  134 , microphone  144 , headphones or speaker(s)  142  and battery pack  136 . 
     In the preferred embodiment the speech recognition engine  168  is proprietary, noise-tolerant speech recognition software developed by Voxware, Inc. To ensure the highest possible recognition accuracy, recognition is speaker dependent, that is, each user must provide audio samples to train the speech recognition engine  168  to recognize his own speech. Also, what a user is expected to say at any particular point in a dialog, and what the speech recognition engine  168  can recognize at that point, is specified by grammars. A grammar is a set of statements that specify words and sentence syntax. For example, a grammar might specify that a user is expected to speak a particular number of digits, an affirmative or negative response including “yes,” “no” and variants such as “yep” and “OK,” or one of a predefined list of locations, perhaps with surrounding words. 
     The preferred embodiment provides voice prompts using digitized speech where practical, and otherwise uses text-to-speech synthesis. Digitized speech is used for instructions and responses that can be prepared ahead of time as sequences of prerecorded segments. Digitized speech compression technology supported by the preferred embodiment includes PCM, ADPCM and a proprietary low data rate technology developed by Voxware, Inc. Text-to-speech synthesis is used for speaking such things as uncommon customer and part names, which cannot be prepared easily ahead of time. 
     The preferred embodiment provides support for several different radios, including Proxim RangeLAN II, Lucent and Symbol. 
     Wireless Intranet 
     Referring to FIG. 3, in a preferred embodiment the Intranet configuration consists of an HTTP web server that transmits XML-based documents over an internal wireless TCP/IP local area network. As depicted in FIG. 3, the Intranet builds upon the following well-known protocols and interfaces: Internet Protocol (IP)  200 , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)  202 , HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  204 , eXtensible Markup Language (XML)  206 , and Common Gateway Interface (CGI)  208 . 
     Internet Protocol  200  is a specific connectionless network protocol for routing and transferring packets of data between two computer systems. The protocol is “connectionless” in that, unlike a telephone network in which point-to-point connections are continuous and guaranteed during a telephone call, there is no fixed connection or path between the two end points during their communication of data. Rather, packets of data are routed through a network which may have many intervening computers and other devices, and different packets may be routed along different paths from one end point to the other. 
     Transmission Control Protocol  202  adds verification and retransmission to IP so that no data are lost during transmission. In general, when taken together, TCP/IP is a network protocol that facilitates data transmission and exchange. IP routes and transfers the data. TCP verifies that the data is received by the intended recipient, and otherwise resends it. 
     HyperText Transfer Protocol  204  is an application-level request/response protocol. It is the protocol of the World Wide Web, and it underlies all web browsers. HTTP provides a simple method for building systems that are independent of the particular type of data they transmit. HTTP is a protocol that aggregates TCP/IP packets of data to form complete documents. EXtensible Markup Language  206  is a markup-based language that provides a self-describing format for separating a document&#39;s content from its presentation. It does that through the insertion of content tags like &lt;CustomerName&gt; and &lt;PartNumber&gt; and presentation tags like &lt;Center&gt; and &lt;Body BGColor=“FFFFFF”&gt;. XML can be used as a universal data exchange format and thereby provides a cross-platform method of representing data. 
     Common Gateway Interface  208  is a mechanism for interfacing external applications with information servers, for example, for running programs from an HTTP server. A program that uses CGI is executed in real time, is invoked by the server, and can output information dynamically to a web browser. A CGI program is invoked when a client&#39;s browser requests the URL (Universal Resource Location) to which it corresponds. CGI operates on top of HTTP and therefore HTTP determines what can be sent via CGI. 
     Server 
     Referring to FIG. 4, the Server, also called the Web Server  120 , preferably includes: 
     a data processor (CPU)  220 ; 
     memory  222 , which may include random access memory and other storage media; 
     a radio transmitter/receiver  224  for communicating with the portable clients over RF links; 
     a user interface  226 ; and 
     one or more buses  228  for interconnecting the aforementioned elements of the server. 
     The server  120  may optionally be connected to another application server that executes an application, such as a warehouse management application, that controls the larger operation of an enterprise or the logistics for such an enterprise. 
     The memory  222  of the server  120  may store the following: 
     an operating system  230 ; 
     a WLAN radio device driver  232  for controlling use of the RF transceiver  224  for communicating with the portable clients; 
     an HTTP server  234 , for responding to http requests received from the portable clients; 
     a CGI handler  236  for interpreting and responding to CGI scripts sent by portable clients and passed to the CGI handler  236  via the HTTP server  234 ; 
     a system monitoring procedure  240  that stores information about speech recognition events, current network status, the portable device units currently connected to the network, and the current users, battery levels and wireless signal strengths of those units. 
     a system host interface module (SHIM)  242  for connecting the CGI handler to a third party application server  244 , which in turn executes a third party application  246 ; 
     VoiceXML pages  250 , some of which are pre-composed and others of which are generated by the SHIM  242  from one of a set of VoiceXML templates  252  and parameters received from the application  246 ; 
     VoiceXML templates  252 , each of which is a document written in the VoiceXML language that describes an application-specific verbal dialog between the portable client and its user; and 
     system configuration data  260 , including: user identification data  262  associated with the users of the portable clients; client configuration data  264  concerning the location, the battery state, the VoiceXML page currently loaded in the client, and so on; server configuration data  266  concerning the state of various resources and programs in the server; users&#39; voice files  268  which are the files used by the speech recognition engines in the portable clients to recognize words spoken by the users; and grammar files  270 , which are used by the VoiceXML browser in the clients to map words spoken by a user to a legal response expected by the application that is controlling the operation of the system (and to filter out words that are not included in any of the defined legal responses); 
     a system monitoring database  272  for storing system status and monitoring data collected by the system monitoring procedure  240 ; 
     as well as other programs and data files not relevant to the present discussion. 
     The third-party applications  246  may be a software package developed for use at a specific facility, or it may be a commercially available system such as one for Supply Chain Management (SCM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) or Warehouse Management System (WMS). However, the present invention is not limited to these particular applications. 
     The configuration data  260  contain user information (e.g., the user&#39;s identification and gender), portable client unit information (e.g., the unit&#39;s identification, network address and status), the type of application in which the user is engaged (e.g., picking), the user&#39;s language preference (e.g., American English, Spanish or Japanese), and basic network-related information such as the server&#39;s IP address. 
     In the preferred embodiment configuration data files are stored as XML-based documents. For example, a typical user configuration file has the contents: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 &lt;?xml version=“1.0”?&gt; 
               
               
                 &lt;Config&gt; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 &lt;UserID&gt;John&lt;/UserID&gt; 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;Gender&gt;male&lt;/Gender&gt; 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 &lt;/Config&gt; 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     where &lt;?xml version=“1.0”?&gt; indicates that the data is coded in XML Version 1.0, &lt;Config&gt;and &lt;/Config&gt; delimit configuration data, &lt;UserID&gt; and &lt;/UserID&gt; delimit the user&#39;s identification, John is the value of the user&#39;s identification, &lt;Gender&gt; and &lt;/Gender&gt; delimit the user&#39;s gender, and male is the value of the user&#39;s gender. 
     The System Host Interface Module (SHIM)  242  receives data from the third-party application  246  and converts it to a standard internal format. A different SHIM is required for every different type of third-party interface, including file import/export, sockets, API (application program interface) based interfaces, terminal emulation, and others. A socket is particular type of Internet communications API that supports TCP/IP. 
     The System Monitoring procedure  240  is a Java application on the web server  120  that stores information in the system monitoring database  272  about speech recognition events, current network status, the portable device units currently connected to the network, and the current users, battery levels and wireless signal strengths of those units. It receives data from any server component that is capable of connecting and sending data to it. System monitoring data is used for system monitoring, user performance (e.g., user picking rates) monitoring and diagnostics. The preferred embodiment receives data updates through the use of sockets. 
     Each VoiceXML template  252  is a document written in the VoiceXML language that describes an application-specific verbal dialog between the portable client and the user. A VoiceXML template differs from other VoiceXML documents in that it includes macros. For a particular situation and task, the SHIM provides values for the macro variables. Different templates provide dialog structures for different applications such as picking, returns processing and inspection. 
     Examples of macro definitions are: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 #define MACRO_SERVER_HTTPIP “&amp;server_httpip;” 
               
               
                 #define MACRO_WMS_LOCATION “&amp;wms_location;” 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     where the SHIM  242  would provide values for the parameters &amp;server_httpip and &amp;wms_location. The parameter &amp;server_httpip refers to the IP address of the HTTP server  234 , and the parameter &amp;wms_location refers to the location where the user should go to pick the next set of items. For example, the values for the parameters &amp;server_httpip and &amp;wms_location might be 207.60.130.144 and 32456, respectively. 
     An example of a VoiceXML template is: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 &lt;?xml version=“1.0”?&gt; 
               
               
                 &lt;!DOCTYPE vxml SYSTEM “&amp;file_dtd;”&gt; 
               
               
                 &lt;vxml application=“http://&amp;server_httpip/cgi_bin/Startup”&gt; 
               
               
                 &lt;block&gt; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 &lt;assign name = “LOCATION” expr=“‘&amp;wms_location;’”/&gt; 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 &lt;/block&gt; 
               
               
                 &lt;/vxml&gt; 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     where, in addition to the macro parameters described above, &amp;file_dtd refers to the Document Type Definition (DTD) file associated with the VoiceXML document for this application. The DTD file describes in a standardized way the VoiceXML document&#39;s hierarchy (e.g., UserID and Gender within the Config block), required tags (e.g., UserID and Gender) and any optional tags. 
     HTTP server  234  is a standard HTTP server. 
     CGI handler  236  is a group of application- and task-specific programs, including a Start CGI program and a Training CGI program, both of which are discussed below. A different program may be used for each different user task such as voice sign on, training speech recognition, picking, verification, and others. 
     In addition to their use in supporting the main application functions, in the preferred embodiment the software components shown in FIG. 4 are also used in support of administrative (e.g., network management) functions. The server software components together with a standard graphical browser and a standard desktop or laptop personal computer provide interactive pages that display and acquire administrative data. These pages, not depicted, provide access to configuration and system monitoring data, lead users through training of speech recognition software, and enable users to sign on to their clients manually. 
     A configuration page provides a user interface to Configuration data files  260 . This page enables an administrator to add new users to the system, change information about wearable portable clients, and designate the type of application for each user. 
     A system monitoring page enables an administrator to examine the contents of the system monitoring database  272 . It displays information about every portable client unit in the facility, including the client&#39;s battery and wireless signal strengths, and the productivity (for example, picking rate) of the client&#39;s user. 
     A training page provides a step-by-step real-time procedure for a new user to train the speech recognition software on his client. This enables the speech recognition software to (1) adapt to the particular noise conditions within a facility, (2) accommodate to the user&#39;s dialect, and (3) better recognize the words used for a particular application. 
     A manual sign-on page provides a simple method for logging on users at the start of each work day in case voice sign-on has not been installed. 
     The grammar files  270  each contain a set of syntax statements, collectively called a grammar, that are specific to a particular application. A grammar is represented by a set of syntax statements conceptually like: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 YesNoPhrase = {YesList} or {NoList} 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 and 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 5DigitPhrase = {digit} {digit} {digit} {digit} {digit} 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     although the exact form of the syntax statements will vary from one embodiment to another. During execution of an application, if any legal phrase is recognized by the speech recognition engine of a portable client, the speech recognition engine returns the phrase name and the specific words or phrase (from which the words can be extracted); if no phrase is recognized in the words spoken by the user, that information is passed back to the application (running in or in conjunction with the server). 
     Programming the Client from the Server 
     FIGS. 5A and 5B provide a flowchart that illustrates how the portable client is programmed for a typical application by sending it VoiceXML pages from the server. The flowchart refers to software components depicted in FIG.  4 . 
     When a portable client unit is powered up, its VoiceXML voice browser requests a Startup URL from the HTTP server  234  on the main server computer  120  ( 300 ). In response, the HTTP server launches the Startup CGI program ( 302 ). 
     Next ( 304 ), the Startup CGI program retrieves the data file for the portable client unit from the configuration data (client configuration data  264 , FIG. 4) to determine information, e.g., current application, status and battery condition, about the particular client unit that requested the startup program. Also, the Startup CGI program sends a voice Sign-On VoiceXML page to the client&#39;s voice browser ( 306 ). 
     In accordance with instructions in the VoiceXML page, the client uses audio output and speech recognition software to prompt the user to say his or her name ( 308 ), and to attempt to recognize the user&#39;s response. If the speech recognition software successfully recognizes the user&#39;s name, the voice browser continues to read the VoiceXML page and executes instructions that cause the user&#39;s voice and application grammar files to be loaded onto the client ( 314 ,  316 ). If the speech recognition software is not able to recognize the user&#39;s name, the Training CGI program is launched ( 310 ), a New User application page is sent to the portable client ( 310 ), and the voice browser in the client prompts the user to train the speech recognition software to recognize his or her voice ( 312 ). 
     By following VoiceXML instructions in the voice Sign-On page, the voice browser continues the verbal dialog with the user until he is positively identified and logged onto the system ( 314 ). At that point, the voice browser is at the bottom of the voice Sign-On page. 
     To program the portable client for the application, the voice browser requests the Application URL from the HTTP server ( 318 ). In response ( 320 ), the HTTP server launches the Application Socket SHIM. In practice a different Application Socket SHIM is provided for each distinct application such as Warehouse Management System, Supply Chain Management, or Enterprise Resource Planning. 
     The Application Socket SHIM connects to the application server ( 322 ) and waits to receive application- and task-specific data from it ( 330 ). This data is specific to both the application and the specific task at hand, for example, picking up goods to fill specific customer orders. Upon receiving the data, the Application Socket SHIM inserts the data into the Application VoiceXML template and sends the resulting Application VoiceXML page to the voice browser ( 332 ). 
     The voice browser reads the Application page, and follows its instructions to carry on the application-specific dialog with the user ( 334 ). Generally, the wearable portable client plays an audio prompt, the user responds verbally, the client recognizes his response, and this interaction continues until the voice browser reaches the bottom of the Application VoiceXML page. 
     For example, if the application server runs a Warehouse Management System program and the user is picking packages within a warehouse, the portable client would be programmed by the application VoiceXML page to perform a sequence of actions similar to: 
     play an audio prompt telling the user to go to a particular location; 
     wait for the user to speak a check string corresponding to his location; 
     confirm that the user is at the correct location; 
     play an audio prompt telling the user how many items to pick at the current location; and 
     wait for the user to confirm the number of items picked, and continue until this task is complete. 
     When the voice browser gets to the bottom of the Application page, it requests another URL from the HTTP server ( 336 ) using a standard HTTP request. This process continues ( 318 - 336 ) until the portable client is powered down. The URL requested at the bottom of the application voice page depends on the application. Typically, it is the URL for the application socket SHIM, which either sends additional application voice pages or terminates the application. 
     The Training CGI program, which supports a user training the speech recognition software to recognize his speech, is similar to many other CGI programs. In the preferred embodiment, in addition to using the portable client with its voice browser, training also requires a client computer  122  (FIG.  1 ), typically a laptop personal computer, with a conventional graphical browser. The client computer enables a new user to communicate before the speech recognition software is able to recognize his speech. 
     Training starts when the Training CGI program is explicitly selected by the user from the Training Web page displayed on the client computer. Two actions are performed as a result of launching the Training CGI program. One action launches a Training Graphical User Interface implemented as a Java applet within the client computer&#39;s graphical browser. The other action sends a Training VoiceXML page to the portable client&#39;s voice browser. 
     The voice browser launches a training Java applet on the portable client that establishes a socket connection with its peer, the training Java applet on the client computer. Once a connection has been established between the two training Java applets, the user sees training prompts appear on his client computer&#39;s graphical browser. 
     In the preferred embodiment, training proceeds in the following manner: 
     1) A phrase, e.g., “item 39485” is displayed on the graphical browser of the client computer. 
     2) The user speaks this phrase into a microphone attached to a portable client  110 . 
     3) The recognition result, that is, the words recognized by the speech recognition software, is displayed on the client computer&#39;s graphical browser. 
     4) If the recognition result matches the displayed phrase, the next phrase is displayed. Otherwise, the user selects between two buttons displayed on the graphical browser. One button indicates that the user said the phrase correctly, but the recognition result is wrong. The other button indicates that the user may have said the phrase incorrectly and wishes to say it again. 
     5) Steps 1 through 4 are repeated until the voice browser terminates training, either because recognition is sufficiently accurate as a result of training, or because this new user does not speak clearly or consistently enough to use speech recognition. 
     Alternate Embodiments 
     The present invention can be implemented as a computer program product that includes a computer program mechanism embedded in a computer readable storage medium. For instance, the computer program product could contain the program modules shown in FIGS. 2,  3 ,  4  and  5 A- 5 B. These program modules may be stored on a CD-ROM, magnetic disk storage product, or any other computer readable data or program storage product. The software modules in the computer program product may also be distributed electronically, via the Internet or otherwise, by transmission of a computer data signal (in which the software modules are embedded) on a carrier wave. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to a few specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.