Patent Publication Number: US-8528646-B2

Title: Broken pipe blocker

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates in general to capping or blocking a pipe end and, in particular, to capping of a broken subsea riser. 
     2. Brief Description of Related Art 
     In subsea drilling operations, drilling operators generally deploy remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to the wellhead in emergency situations to enable devices designed to cap, cut off, or contain the flow of hydrocarbons from a well. In some instances, a remotely operated vehicle will activate a blowout preventer (BOP) designed to shut off the flow of hydrocarbons from the wellhead. Activating a BOP will engage rams within the BOP that pinch shut or otherwise disable the wellhead in a manner that significantly limits the ability of the operators to continue use of the wellhead. Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus to cap, cut off, or contain the flow of hydrocarbons from a wellhead without limiting the ability of the operators to continue to use the wellhead. 
     A second way drilling operators attempt to contain flow of hydrocarbons from a wellhead in emergency situations involves a containment dome or “Top Hat”. Use of a containment dome involves lowering a large device over the wellhead to contain flowing hydrocarbons. Oil workers attach riser pipes to the containment dome to remove the hydrocarbons collected within the containment dome. In this manner, the containment dome captures hydrocarbons from a wellhead for transportation to surface vessels. However, use at the depths of some deepwater drilling sites causes methane hydrate crystals to form within the containment dome. These methane hydrate crystals block the openings that oil workers use to remove hydrocarbons from the containment dome preventing capture of the hydrocarbons. 
     Operators may simply attempt to place a cap having a sufficient weight to overcome the pressure of the wellbore fluids on top of the wellhead. However, in many situations the wellbore riser does not have a suitable surface for the cap, and the wellbore fluids may flow at too great of a pressure to be overcome by the weight of the cap. In some instances, operators may attempt to weld a flange over the pipe end to block the pipe passageway. However, due to the operating conditions at many subsea wellheads, and the pressures of the wellbore fluids, welding a flange to the pipe end is often not possible. Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus to aid in the blockage or capture of hydrocarbons from a wellhead located at great depth without relying on weight or an operators ability to weld subsea. 
     Oil operators sometimes engage a method called “top kill” to cap or cut off the flow of hydrocarbons from a wellhead in emergency situations. In this procedure, oil workers connect drilling pipe to the BOP through a manifold. Oil workers then pump drilling mud into the well in sufficient quantities to slow and then stop the passage of hydrocarbons from the wellhead. Once the drilling mud reaches sufficient quantities to overcome the reservoir pressure at the wellhead, hydrocarbon flow stops, and oil workers use cement to seal the well. In instances where drilling mud alone is insufficient to stop hydrocarbon flow, oil workers will utilize a “junk shot”. A junk shot involves pumping materials of a more solid nature along with more drilling mud into the wellhead in an effort to block or plug the flow of hydrocarbons. Much like use of a BOP, top kill and junk shots effectively stop any further use of the wellhead for the production of hydrocarbons. In addition, many times junk shots are ineffective, failing to stop flow of fluids from the wellhead. Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus that can stop hydrocarbon flow from a wellhead without limiting further use of the well or relying on ineffective junk shots. 
     Another method operators use to contain the flow of hydrocarbons from a wellhead in emergency situations involves cutting off the end of a lower riser and capping the wellhead with a modified Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP). This method, similar to the containment dome, attempts to direct the flow of hydrocarbons into a subsea containment vessel from which oil workers pump the hydrocarbons for further action. Unlike the containment dome, LMRP does not attempt to collect and contain all the hydrocarbons from the wellhead. Thus, even where used, all hydrocarbon flow is not stopped or contained. LMRP also makes complete capping of the well more difficult by shearing off the riser line. Shearing off the riser line removes any blockages from the hydrocarbon path that slowed the rate of hydrocarbon flow, thus making it more difficult to eventually cap or contain the well completely. At times, shearing off the end of a lower riser is necessary to perform other operations at the wellhead. Thus, there is a need for an apparatus that can cap, cut off, or contain the flow of hydrocarbons where a riser has been sheared off for other purposes. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other problems are generally solved or circumvented, and technical advantages are generally achieved, by preferred embodiments of the present invention that provide a broken pipe blocker, and a method for using the same. 
     In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a pipe blocker for blocking a pipe is disclosed. The pipe blocker includes a tubular body defining a central cavity having an inlet, an outlet, and an axis. The pipe blocker also includes a plurality of conical blocker rings mounted to an inner diameter surface of the tubular body within the cavity, at least some of the blocker rings being rigid and some of the blocker rings being compliant. The blocker rings are adapted to seal to a pipe end inserted into the central cavity. The rigid blocker rings have an outer diameter joined to an inner diameter of the central cavity, and the compliant blocking rings have an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the rigid blocker rings and are adapted to seal around an exterior of the pipe when inserted from the inlet. 
     In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a system for blocking fluid flow from a damaged pipe is disclosed. The system includes a tubular body defining a central cavity having an inlet, an outlet, and an axis. The system also includes a plurality of conical blocker rings mounted to an inner diameter surface of the tubular body within the cavity, at least some of the blocker rings being rigid and some of the blocker rings being compliant. The blocker rings are adapted to seal to a pipe end inserted into the central cavity. The rigid blocker rings have an outer diameter joined to an inner diameter of the central cavity. The compliant blocker rings have an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the rigid blocker rings and are adapted to seal around an exterior of the pipe when inserted from the inlet. The blocker rings are secured to the tubular body so that an outer diameter of each blocker ring, where the blocker ring secures to the tubular body, is axially lower than the inner diameter of the blocker ring. The outer diameter of each rigid blocker ring is secured to the inner diameter of the cavity, and the rigid blocker rings alternate with the compliant blocker rings. 
     In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for blocking an end of a subsea pipe is disclosed. The method comprises providing a pipe blocker. The pipe blocker includes a tubular body defining a central cavity having an inlet, an outlet, and an axis. The pipe blocker also includes a plurality of conical blocker rings mounted to an inner diameter surface of the tubular body within the cavity, at least some of the blocker rings being rigid and some of the blocker rings being compliant. The blocker rings are adapted to seal to a pipe end inserted into the central cavity. The rigid blocker rings have an outer diameter joined to an inner diameter of the central cavity, and the compliant blocker rings have an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the rigid blocker rings and are adapted to seal around an exterior of the pipe when inserted from the inlet. The method continues by inserting the pipe blocker over the pipe end, causing the complaint blocker rings to seal against an outer diameter of the pipe. Next, the method allows fluid from the pipe to enter an annular space between the pipe and an inner diameter of the cavity to act against an upper surface of the uppermost compliant blocker ring. 
     An advantage of a preferred embodiment is that the disclosed embodiments provide an apparatus to cap, block, or contain wellbore fluid flow from a subsea wellhead. The apparatus may completely close off the flow of wellbore fluids from the wellhead. The apparatus may also allow a subsequent device to connect to the wellhead to direct the flow of wellbore fluids to a containment or entrapment device. The apparatus can achieve this with any size or length of wellhead pipe or riser, regardless of the landing surface of the riser and without significant redesign based on the ambient environment. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       So that the manner in which the features, advantages and objects of the invention, as well as others which will become apparent, are attained, and can be understood in more detail, more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings that form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only a preferred embodiment of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope as the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. 
         FIG. 1  is a sectional view of a pipe blocker in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the pipe blocker of  FIG. 1  in position proximate to a pipe end. 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional view of the pipe blocker of  FIG. 1  in place on a pipe end. 
         FIG. 4  is a sectional view of the pipe blocker of  FIG. 1  in place on an alternate pipe end. 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view of the pipe blocker of  FIG. 1  in place on an alternate pipe end. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of the pipe blocker of  FIG. 1  as part of a subsea riser system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the illustrated embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and the prime notation, if used, indicates similar elements in alternative embodiments. 
     In the following discussion, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details. Additionally, for the most part, details concerning subsea operations, drilling rig operation, running of equipment to subsea locations, and the like have been omitted inasmuch as such details are not considered necessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present invention, and are considered to be within the skills of persons skilled in the relevant art. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a pipe blocker  11  includes a tubular member  13  having an axis  15 . Tubular member  13  defines a central cavity  17 . Central cavity  17  has a diameter of a size and shape to accommodate insertion of a riser end or other pipe end into cavity  17 . Tubular member  13  has an inlet or opening  19  at a lower end of tubular member  13 . In the illustrated embodiment, opening  19  has a diameter equivalent to the diameter of central cavity  17 . This allows pipe blocker  11  to more readily adapt to insertion of a pipe end into cavity  17 . 
     A flange  21  secures to tubular member  13  on an upper end of tubular member  13  opposite opening  19 . Flange  21  may screw, bolt, or weld to tubular member  13 . In addition, as shown herein, flange  21  may be formed as an integral part of tubular member  13 . Flange  21  has an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of tubular member  13  and in inner diameter smaller than the diameter of cavity  17 . In this manner flange  21  defines an outlet or opening  23 , and an annular downward facing shoulder  25 . Downward facing shoulder  25  extends radially inward from an inner diameter surface of tubular member  13  defining cavity  17  to the diameter of opening  23 . Flange  21  may include boreholes  27  formed proximate to an exterior diameter of flange  21 . Boreholes  27  will accommodate couplers allowing other subsea devices, such as a subsea valve, to be coupled and secured to pipe blocker  11  at boreholes  27 . 
     Tubular member  13  includes a manipulation member  29  secured to a lower end of tubular member  13 . Manipulation member  29  may be a ring, wire, block, shoulder, or protrusion from tubular member  13 . Manipulation member  29  extends below a rim  31  of tubular member  13 . Manipulation member  29  may be gripped by an operator, a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), or the like to assist in the guidance of pipe blocker  11  during deployment at a wellhead. Manipulation member  29  may also be used to secure weight to pipe blocker  11  to assist in the deployment and sealing of pipe blocker  11  to a pipe (not shown) as described below. Tubular member  13  may include a plurality of manipulation members  29 . For example, a manipulation member  29  may be placed every 30, 45, or 60 degrees around the exterior of tubular member  13 . A person skilled in the art will understand any number of manipulation members  29  may be used as needed for the particular application of pipe blocker  11 . 
     A plurality of blocker rings  33  are mounted within cavity  17  of tubular member  13 . Blocker rings  33  are conical such that they are positioned at an angle α from the horizontal plane perpendicular to the inner diameter surface defining cavity  17  of tubular member  13 . Blocker rings  33  face downward, each blocker ring  33  having its inner diameter above its outer diameter. In the illustrated embodiment, blocker rings  33  include two types of rings, rigid blocker rings  35  and compliant blocker rings  37 . Rigid blocker rings  35  may be formed of metal and welded to the inner diameter surface defining cavity  17 . The weld should extend completely around the outer diameter of rigid blocker ring  35 , blocking any fluid flow between the outer diameter of rigid blocker ring  35  and the inner diameter of cavity  17 . Rigid blocker rings  35  have an inner diameter equivalent to or slightly smaller than the diameter of opening  23  so that a radial width, measured along a radial line from axis  15 , of each rigid blocker ring  35  is larger than the radial width of downward facing shoulder  25 . Preferably, the inner diameter of each compliant blocker ring  37  is smaller than the outer diameter of a pipe inserted into cavity  17  as described in more detail below. 
     Compliant blocker rings  37  may be formed of an elastomeric material and have outer diameters closely spaced or touching the inner diameter surface defining cavity  17 . In alternative embodiments, compliant blocker rings  37  may be secured to the inner diameter surface of cavity  17  with an adhesive or other suitable means so as to create a seal between the inner diameter surface of cavity  17  and compliant blocker rings  37 . Compliant blocker rings  37  have an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of rigid blocker rings  35  such that compliant blocker rings  37  have a radial width greater than the radial width of rigid blocker rings  35 . As shown, a rigid blocker ring  35  is the upper most ring of the plurality of blocker rings  33 . The upper most ring is axially below downward facing shoulder  25  but spaced axially a sufficient distance to allow fluid to flow around and out of the upper end of a pipe  39 , as described below with respect to  FIG. 2 . Referring to  FIG. 1 , a compliant blocker ring  37  is then axially adjacent to the upper most rigid blocker ring  35 . A rigid blocker ring  35  then follows the compliant blocker ring  37 . Rigid blocker rings  35  and compliant blocker rings  37  are alternated as they are positioned axially beneath one another within cavity  17 . 
     Generally, rigid blocker rings  35  will resist deformation when pipe  39  inserts into cavity  17 , and will prevent total deformation of the adjacent compliant blocker rings  37 , allowing compliant blocker rings  37  to deform while maintaining sealing contact with pipe  39 . Complaint blocker rings  37  may be bonded or secured to an adjacent rigid blocker ring  35  axially below the individual compliant blocker ring  37 . In this manner additional sealing is achieved to prevent passage of a fluid between compliant blocker rings  37  and rigid blocker rings  35 . In still other embodiments, a small metal assembly ring may be used to secure compliant blocker rings  37  to cavity  17 . A person skilled in the art will understand that the order of the rigid blocker rings  35  and the complaint blocker rings  37  may be reversed provided rigid blocker rings  35  still perform a supportive function for complaint blocker rings  37 . 
     Pipe blocker  11  will have a sufficient axial length to accommodate pipe ends with varying upper profiles. A sufficient number of blocker rings  33  will be placed axially down the inner diameter surface of tubular member  13  defining cavity  17  so that pipe blocker  11  may secure to a pipe end having a varying profile, such as when the pipe end has been severed or includes an opening partially along the side of the pipe end. The number of rings used may depend in part on the shape of the shape of the end of pipe  39 , and the force of the fluid flowing from pipe  39 . A person skilled in the art will understand that angle α, the material used to form rigid metal rings  35  and compliant metal rings  37 , the number of rigid metal rings  35  and compliant metal rings  37 , and the thickness of each ring from a downhole surface of each ring to the uphole surface of each ring may be varied and selected based on the particular application of pipe blocker  11 . For example, material selection of both rigid blocker rings  35  and metal blocker rings  37  are dependent upon the substance flowing through pipe  39 , the ambient environment, and the relative stiffness needed in each type of blocker ring  33 . Generally, rigid blocker rings  35  will have a greater stiffness than compliant blocker rings  37 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , pipe blocker  11  is shown in position above a pipe  39 . Pipe blocker  11  may be brought proximate to pipe  39  by any suitable means, such as running pipe blocker  11  to the location on a riser or with ropes when in a subsea environment, lifted into place by a crane or rig when in a surface environment, or the like. Opening  23  is approximately equal to the inner diameter of pipe  39  such that an upper rim  41  of pipe  39  may land on and abut downward facing shoulder  25 . Pipe  39  will have an outer diameter less than the diameter of cavity  17  such that pipe  39  may insert into cavity  17 . Preferably, pipe blocker  11  will be positioned coaxial with pipe  39 . However, if pipe blocker  11  is not coaxial with pipe  39 , an operator or an ROV may grip manipulation member  29  and adjust the physical position of pipe blocker  11  relative to pipe  39 , which may be secured to a wellhead or lower marine riser package ( FIG. 6 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , pipe  39  will be inserted into cavity  17  of pipe blocker  11 . A riser  43  is coupled to the pipe blocker  11  and may extend to the surface, a containment dome, or the like. As described herein, riser  43  will include a valve (not shown) allowing for passage  45  of riser  43  to be variably blocked. The inner diameter of compliant blocker rings  37  will contact and deform against an exterior diameter surface of pipe  39 . The inner diameter of rigid blocker rings  35  are closely spaced to the outer diameter of pipe  39 . Compliant blocker rings  37  will experience a slight upward displacement as pipe  39  is inserted into cavity  17  and may extrude into tighter sealing contact with pipe  39 . The material properties of compliant blocker rings  37  will cause blocker rings  33  to react against this displacement to set an initial seal along the outer diameter surface of pipe  39 . Rigid blocker rings  35  maintain complaint blocker rings  37  in a conical configuration. The upward force causes each compliant blocker ring  37  to seal against one of the rigid blocker rings  35 . During landing of pipe blocker  11  on pipe  39 , the valve within riser  43  will be open allowing for passage of wellbore fluids through passage  45 . 
     Once pipe blocker  11  is landed in the position shown in  FIG. 3 , the valve within riser  43  will be closed, blocking passage  45 . A person skilled in the art will understand that any suitable means to block passage  45  are contemplated and included in the disclosed embodiments. Wellbore fluid pressure will then build within cavity  17  and passage  45  above blocker rings  33 . Pipe  39  does not seal to downward facing shoulder  25 . The fluid thus flows down around the exterior of pipe  39  until reaching blocker rings  33 . Continued build up of fluid pressure within cavity  17  axially above blocker rings  33  will cause a downward axial force to be exerted on blocker rings  33 . This will press compliant blocker rings  37  into tighter contact with pipe  39 , thereby increasing the seal between blocker rings  33 , the inner diameter surface of cavity  17 , and pipe  39 . Further increases in fluid pressure within cavity  17  may cause fluid to leak past the upper blocker rings  33  proximate to riser  43 . However, the plurality of blocker rings  33  extending down the inner diameter surface of cavity  17  will form a labyrinth seal decreasing the likelihood of any leakage around blocker rings  33  in the surrounding environment. 
     In some instances the upward force of the wellbore fluids in pipe  39  may be so great that the weight of pipe blocker  11  and pressure seals at blocker rings  33  will not be sufficient to hold pipe blocker  11  in place over pipe  39 . In these instances, weights may be landed on and suspended from manipulation member  29 . The additional weight suspended from manipulation member  29  will overcome the upward force of the wellbore fluids leaving pipe  39 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a pipe  39 ′ may include a portion  47  that has been damaged or removed from pipe  39 ′ prior to placement of pipe blocker  11 . As described above with respect to  FIG. 3 , pipe  39 ′ of  FIG. 4  will be inserted into cavity  17  of pipe blocker  11 . Riser  43  is coupled to pipe blocker  11  and may extend to the surface, a containment dome, or the like. As described herein, riser  43  will include a valve (not shown) allowing for passage  45  of riser  43  to be blocked. Compliant blocker rings  37  will contact and seal against an exterior diameter surface of pipe  39 ′. In so doing, compliant blocker rings  37  will experience a slight upward displacement as pipe  39 ′ is inserted into cavity  17 . As shown herein, while pipe blockers  33  will not contact pipe  39 ′ at portion  47 , the plurality of pipe blockers  33  extending down the length of cavity  17  will contact pipe  39 ′ below portion  47 , providing a sealing area as described in more detail below. The material properties of blocker rings  33  will cause blocker rings  33  to react against this displacement to set an initial seal along the outer diameter surface of pipe  39 ′. During landing of pipe blocker  11  on pipe  39 ′, the valve within riser  43  will be open allowing for passage of wellbore fluids through passage  45 . 
     Once pipe blocker  11  is landed within the position shown in  FIG. 4 , the valve within riser  43  will be closed, blocking passage  45 . Wellbore fluid pressure will then build within cavity  17  and passage  45  above blocker rings  33 . Continued build up of fluid pressure within cavity  17  axially above blocker rings  33  will cause a downward axial force to be exerted on blocker rings  33 . This will press compliant blocker rings  37  into tighter contact with pipe  39 ′ thereby increasing the seal between blocker rings  33 , the inner diameter surface of cavity  17 , and pipe  39 ′. Further increases in fluid pressure within cavity  17  may cause fluid to leak past the upper blocker rings  33  proximate to riser  43 . However, the plurality of blocker rings  33  extending down the inner diameter surface of cavity  17  will form a labyrinth seal decreasing the likelihood of any leakage around blocker rings  33 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , a pipe  39 ″ may include a side opening  49  that has been damaged or removed from pipe  39 ″ prior to placement of pipe blocker  11 . As described above with respect to  FIG. 3 , pipe  39 ″ of  FIG. 5  will be inserted into cavity  17  of pipe blocker  11 . Riser  43  is coupled to the pipe blocker  11  and may extend to the surface, a containment dome, or the like. As described herein, riser  43  will include a valve (not shown) allowing for passage  45  of riser  43  to be blocked. Complaint blocker rings  37  will contact and seal against an exterior diameter surface of pipe  39 ″. In so doing, complaint blocker rings  37  will experience a slight upward displacement as pipe  39 ″ is inserted into cavity  17 . As shown herein, while pipe blockers  33  will not contact pipe  39 ″ at opening  49 , the plurality of pipe blockers  33  extending down the length of cavity  17  will contact pipe  39 ″ below opening  49 , providing a sealing area as described in more detail below. Similarly, the plurality of pipe blockers  33  extending the length of cavity  17  above opening  49  of pipe  39 ″ will contact pipe  39 ″ above opening  49 , providing a sealing area as described in more detail below. The material properties of blocker rings  33  will cause blocker rings  33  to react against this displacement to set an initial seal along the outer diameter surface of pipe  39 . During landing of pipe blocker  11  on pipe  39 ″, the valve within riser  43  will be open allowing for passage of wellbore fluids through passage  45 . 
     Once pipe blocker  11  is landed within the position shown in  FIG. 5 , the valve within riser  43  will be closed, blocking passage  45 . Wellbore fluid pressure will then build within cavity  17  and passage  45  above blocker rings  33 . Continued build up of fluid pressure within cavity  17  axially above blocker rings  33  will cause a downward axial force to be exerted on blocker rings  33 . This will press complaint blocker rings  37  into tighter contact with pipe  39 ″ thereby increasing the seal between blocker rings  33 , the inner diameter surface of cavity  17 , and pipe  39 ″. Further increases in fluid pressure within cavity  17  may cause fluid to leak past the upper blocker rings  33  proximate to riser  43 . However, the plurality of blocker rings  33  extending down the inner diameter surface of cavity  17  will form a labyrinth seal decreasing the likelihood of any leakage around blocker rings  33 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , passage of fluid from opening  49  may cause negative direction pressure on blocker rings  33  at or above opening  49  that may force pipe blocker  11  off of pipe  39 ″. In this situation, additional ballast or weight may be hung from manipulation blocks  29  to counteract this upward force. Alternatively, pipe blocker  11  may be constructed such that blocker rings  33  will not extend the axial length of tubular member  13  above opening  49 . In yet another alternative embodiment, blocker rings  33  that extend the axial length above opening  49  may be modified to increase the inner diameter of blocker rings  33  above opening  49  so that they will not contact pipe  39 ″ above opening  40 , thereby allowing fluid to pass from opening  49  to cavity  17  without the ability to exert a force on blocker rings  33  that may remove pipe blocker  11  from pipe  39 ″. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , pipe blocker  11  may be coupled inline to riser  43 , and a valve  53  may be coupled inline with pipe blocker  11  between pipe blocker  11  and riser  43 . Pipe  39  will further couple to a lower marine riser package (LMRP)  51 . LMRP  51  may include a blowout preventer (BOP) or other subsea wellhead device. Riser  43  may extend to a sea surface and be further supported on a platform  55  by a riser tensioner system or rig. 
     Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments provide numerous advantages. For example, the disclosed embodiments provide a pipe blocker that can be secured to a damaged subsea pipe. The pipe blocker can then block flow from the pipe or provide a means to direct flow from the pipe into an appropriate device. The pipe blocker accomplishes this by using the internal increase in pressure caused by the flow of wellbore fluids from the damaged pipe. In this manner, the seal or cap created by the pipe blocker increases as pressure from the pipe builds up. Still further, the disclosed embodiments provide a plurality of sealing surfaces, thereby increasing the redundancy of the pipe blocker seals and decreasing the likelihood that the pipe blocker will fail. The redundancy also allows the pipe blocker to be used in multiple environments on pipes that do not have a traditional landing surface, or that may have damaged portions below the traditional landing surface. 
     It is understood that the present invention may take many forms and embodiments. Accordingly, several variations may be made in the foregoing without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Having thus described the present invention by reference to certain of its preferred embodiments, it is noted that the embodiments disclosed are illustrative rather than limiting in nature and that a wide range of variations, modifications, changes, and substitutions are contemplated in the foregoing disclosure and, in some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Many such variations and modifications may be considered obvious and desirable by those skilled in the art based upon a review of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.