Patent Publication Number: US-10329771-B2

Title: Retrofit/repair technique for asphalt shingle roofs that exhibit premature adhesive tab seal failures

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of PCT Patent Application PCT/US2015/051473 filed Sep. 22, 2015, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/053,521 filed Sep. 22, 2014 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/200,410 filed Aug. 3, 2015. The entire disclosure of each of the applications listed in this paragraph are incorporated herein by specific reference thereto. 
    
    
     GOVERNMENT LICENSE RIGHTS 
     This invention was made with Government support under US Department of Commerce contract NA10OAR4170079 awarded by the US Department of Commerce. The government has certain rights in this invention. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to asphalt shingle roofs, and in particular to devices, systems and methods for providing a retrofit and repair technique and handheld devices for asphalt shingle roofs that exhibit premature adhesive tab seal failures, where dabs or puddles of adhesive are dispensed in selected spaced apart locations between partially unsealed shingles. 
     BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
     A majority of wind damage from hurricanes occurs with single family residential homes, and the majority of these homes are six years or older. It is estimated that approximately 60% of the hurricane-induced damage and losses occur to the roofs, including loss of roof shingles and underlayment. A major source of roof damage is the failure of asphalt single roofs from moderately strong winds. A majority of these failures has been linked to the tendency of shingle adhesive tabs (tabs) to prematurely unseal, with time as the roof ages. There is a high likelihood that roofs 6 years old and older would have unsealed tabs, which are directly linked to failures of the roofing in strong winds. 
     Research has shown that as shingle roofs age, weathering effects on the shingle tabs causes the adhesive along the leading edge of the shingle to fail. This typically occurs in systemic fashion on a roof from the overlap of the vertical joints between shingles in the lower row of shingles to the nearest vertical end joint of the shingle. This results in patterns of vertical or diagonal lines of partially unsealed shingles (depending on how they are installed). Post-storm investigations have documented roof failures with similar failure patterns in the roofing as was observed in the systemic patterns of failed roofing shingles. 
     As a result, the loosely attached shingle tabs are susceptible to flap in the wind which produces higher wind loads on the shingle tabs and results in premature failure in high wind events. The flapping action reduces the useful life of the roofing system and cause shingles to break off and underlayment to fail. This can be a significant contribution to enabling water intrusion to occur which causes extensive damage to residential homes interior partitions and to the contents during and after hurricanes. 
     Currently, roofers have been known to try and use caulking guns that dispense an asphalt product, such as BLACKJACK™, and the like. Shingle manufacturers have even recommended placing a “quarter-sized” dab on the lower shingle. However, the current technique requires the roofer to have to separately dispense the “dab”, at every point, which is difficult to accomplish with a caulking gun. 
     In addition to the difficulty of handling the caulking gun to control volume of the material being dispensed, the gun tip requires the shingle to be bent upward (due to the size of the gun and dispensing tube), which can cause brittle shingle(s) to break, causing more damage that cannot be easily repaired. 
     Additionally, the caulking gun adhesive is made of a material that needs time to cure. It is applied as a tacky liquid but the adhesive does not achieve its strength until the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are evaporated and the compound hardens. This curing process can take several days to weeks depending on several factors (temperature of roof, for example). Further the roofer must be careful not to put too large a volume of the adhesive as this can lead to “blistering” of the shingle surface which causes the repair adhesive to fail prematurely. 
     Standard caulking guns are not intended to repair the failed sealant tabs in partially sealed asphalt shingle roofing systems. Standard caulking guns are intended to dispense large volumes (up to approximately 1 to approximately 3 oz) that generally would need to be spread using a trowel. The use of too much adhesive can cause blistering of the shingle that can prevent the sealant from taking hold and can also damage the shingle substrate. 
     The use of caulking guns does not allow for uniform fixes to all shingle tabs, and is time consuming for the worker doing the repairs. Also, the caulking gun use does not provide immediate feedback that the repair has worked to seal the tabs. Furthermore, the use of the caulking gun repairs is difficult to verify to prevent further problems down the road and is difficult to certify by insurance companies. 
     Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the prior art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A primary objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting and repairing asphalt shingle roofs that exhibit premature adhesive tab seal failures. 
     A secondary objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting and repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs in a single application requiring little skill to learn. 
     A third objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs which will restore or exceed the strength of other shingle tabs on the roof, and will substantially reduce the vulnerability of the entire roof system to losses, which will prevent a roof covering or roofing system from blowing off, with resulting water ingress, collapsed ceilings and mold growth that can lead to costly damage approaching the insured home value. 
     A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs that eliminates the use of caulking guns or can be used with existing caulking guns, and requires minimal flexing of the shingles. 
     A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs that dispenses the same uniform volume of adhesive every time, where the chemical composition of the adhesive provides immediate tack so that the repair will seal immediately, and cure to full strength within one week. 
     A sixth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs that provides both a controlled volume and a controlled placement of the new adhesive. 
     A seventh objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs which minimally disturbs the asphalt shingle with minimal or no bending by the installer. 
     An eighth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs which enables the repair by roofing contractors and by untrained persons to be done consistently and in reasonably fast times (under approximately 4 hours for an average 2,000 square foot home). 
     A ninth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs, which reduces the risk of asphalt shingle roofing failure from hurricane and tornado winds, thereby reducing damage and economic loss from water leaks into the buildings. 
     A tenth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs that increases the productivity of the worker to repair the seal tabs with a customized tool which fits its&#39; purpose and simplifies the method of installation. 
     An eleventh objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs that provides immediate feedback that the tab has been sealed. 
     A twelfth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs, that is safer for the worker(s) doing the roof repairs. 
     A thirteenth objective of the present invention is to provide devices, systems and methods for retrofitting, repairing and resealing asphalt shingle roof tabs, that is easily verified to be used to certify thoroughness of the repair, which can be necessary for insurance premium reductions. 
     A fourteenth objective is to provide a means to dispense the existing adhesive in a more consistent manner, as a modified improvement on a caulking gun. 
     An embodiment of the applicator device for repairing shingle tabs on roofs, can include a frame having a front blade tip end and a rear end, a handle attached to the rear end of the device, and a dispenser on the device for dispensing a row of adhesive dabs, wherein the device uniformly dispenses the row of adhesive dabs at selected locations behind the blade tip end under a free edge of a shingle tab. 
     The device can include a threaded male and female coupling for attaching the handle to the rear end of the device. 
     The dispenser can include a volume storage container for simultaneously dispensing the row of the dabs. 
     The dispenser can include a roll of adhesive dabs mounted on the device, and the device can include a spool for supporting the roll on the device. 
     The dispenser can further include a guide stop back wall between the spool and the blade tip end, with a slot in the back wall for allowing an outer end of a sheet from the roll to be passed therethrough. 
     The device can further include a compressed air source for cleaning under the shingle before using the applicator device. 
     Each of the adhesive dabs can include a width of approximately 0.25 inches, a thickness of approximately 1/16 inch, and each dab can be spaced apart from another by approximately 1 inch. 
     Another applicator device embodiment for repairing shingle tabs on roofs, can include a hand operated and hand supported tool having a front lift end with a tip, a rear end, a top and a bottom, a handle attached to the tool, and a dispenser adjacent to the front lift end for dispensing a plurality of adhesive puddles through the front lift end of the tool, wherein the device uniformly dispenses the row of adhesive puddles at selected locations between partially unsealed shingles. 
     The device can include a container of liquid adhesive under pressure attached to the tool. The device can include an air compressor attached to the container for applying the pressure to the liquid adhesive, and a switch for causing a selected amount of the liquid adhesive under pressure to dispense out of the lifting end of the device. The switch can be a squeezable trigger for causing the dispensing of the plurality of adhesive puddles. The handle on the device can be attached to the top of the tool. 
     The lifting end of the tool can have a sloped pitch of approximately 11 degrees, and can include a plurality of parallel channels formed in metal, the channels for dispensing the adhesive in spaced apart locations. Each of the channels can be approximately 0.03 inches high by approximately 0.06 inches wide, and spaced apart approximately 1 inch between centers of each channel. The plurality of channels can include two, three or four or more channels. 
     The lift end of the tool can include an angled metal lift layer with a sloped pitch angle, a metal base layer having the channels for dispensing the adhesive, and a middle metal plate between the metal lift layer and the metal base layer. The angled lift layer can include a tip tapered to a thin plate edge. The lift end can include a sloping tip width of approximately 4 inches by approximately 2 to approximately 3 inches depth. The lift end can include a plurality of parallel replaceable tubes for dispensing the adhesive in spaced apart locations, and the plurality of parallel replaceable tubes can be spaced apart approximately 1 inch between centers of each channel. 
     The applicator device can further include a pivotable roller for between moveable between a retracted position and an extended position for being used after the dispensing of the liquid from the tool. 
     The dispenser device can dispense puddles of adhesive that can each include a width of approximately 0.25 inch. 
     The handle can be an elongated handle having one end attached to the tool and an opposite end having switch for activating the dispensing of the adhesive from the lifting end of the tool. 
     Another applicator device embodiment for a caulking gun, can include a connector adaptable to be attached to a dispensing end of a caulking gun, a support having a first end for attaching to the connector and a second end, and a dispenser head having an adhesive input end attached to the second end of the support, and a lifting end, wherein the lifting end includes a narrow tip with outlets for dispensing adhesive from the caulking gun therefrom. 
     The dispensing head can be formed from metal layers with channels formed in at least one of the metal layers for dispensing the adhesive therefrom. The channels can include up to approximately five dispensing channels, each having dispensing outlets. 
     Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments which are illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  is a prior art top view of a partially unsealed three-tab shingle roof arrangement. 
         FIG. 2  is a prior art top view of a partially unsealed laminate shingle roof arrangement. 
         FIG. 3  is a graph of experimentally determined wind loads exerted on fully sealed Laminate and Three-Tab Shingles compared to partially unsealed Laminate and Three-Tab Shingles and in comparison to design-level wind loads. 
         FIG. 4  is an upper perspective view of the novel repair device. 
         FIG. 5  is a top view of the novel repair device of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a side view of the novel repair device of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the tape roll that can be used with the device of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of the device of  FIG. 4  being used with a shingle. 
         FIG. 9  is a top view of the device of the preceding figures with upper collector removed and showing approximate locations of the adhesive dabs. 
         FIG. 10  is a side view of the device of  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 11  is an upper rear side perspective view of a handheld shingle repair device embodiment with metal channels for dispensing adhesive. 
         FIG. 12A  is a side view of the handheld shingle repair device of  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 12B  is a cross-sectional view of the repair device of  FIG. 12A  along arrows  12 B. 
         FIG. 13  is a front end view of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 12A  along arrow  13 X. 
         FIG. 14  is a partial top cross-sectional view of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 13  along arrows  14 X. 
         FIG. 15A  is a cross-sectional side view of the view of  FIG. 14  along arrows  15 A. 
         FIG. 15B  is a cross-sectional side view of the view of  FIG. 14  along arrows  15 B. 
         FIG. 16  is a side view of the shingle repair device of the preceding figures being used in a repair between roof shingles. 
         FIG. 17  is another view of the shingle repair device of  FIGS. 11-16  being used on a roof along with other components. 
         FIG. 18  is a table of a preferred adhesive for use with the repair device of the preceding figures. 
         FIG. 19  is a top view of another embodiment of the shingle repair device of  FIGS. 11-17  using replaceable adhesive application tubes. 
         FIG. 20  is an enlarged top view of the lift end with application tubes of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 21  is a front end view of the lift end of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the shingle repair device with elongated support handle. 
         FIG. 23  is an enlarged view of the lift end of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 24  is a top perspective rear view of another caulking gun adapter dispensing device embodiment. 
         FIG. 25  is a to perspective front view of the adapter dispensing device of  FIG. 24   
         FIG. 26  is a bottom perspective view of dispensing device of  FIG. 24 . 
         FIG. 27  is another bottom perspective view of the dispensing device of  FIG. 26  with base plate removed. 
         FIG. 28  is a side view of the dispensing device of  FIGS. 24-27  used with another caulking gun. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applications to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. 
     In the Summary above and in the Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments and in the accompanying drawings, reference is made to particular features (including method steps) of the invention. It is to be understood that the disclosure of the invention in this specification includes all possible combinations of such particular features. For example, where a particular feature is disclosed in the context of a particular aspect or embodiment of the invention, that feature can also be used, to the extent possible, in combination with and/or in the context of other particular aspects and embodiments of the invention, and in the invention generally. 
     In this section, some embodiments of the invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime notation is used to indicate similar elements in alternative embodiments. 
     A list of components will now be described.
       1  building/house     2  lower layer of shingles     4  upper layer of shingles     6  front edge of upper layer of shingles     8  roof     10  long handle repair tool device embodiment     20  front channel     22 ,  24  tapered sides     26  front blade tip end     28  bottom     30  backstop     35  slot in bottom of backstop     40  post(s) for rolls     42  lower spool for roll of PSA tape     48  upper spool for collector roll     50  inclined base     52  rear end of device     55  threaded rod     60  elongated handle     68  hollow lower end with internal threads     72  PSA tape roll     74  underside of tape     75  top of sheet     76  ¼″ thick dabs     77  fibers/wire mesh     78  collector roll     100  handheld device embodiment     102  main housing     104 / 160  base plate (steel base removable for servicing)     106  front stand     108  rear stand     110  air actuated pressure roller     111  main support     112  parallel control arms     113  pivot points     114  extendable and retractable arm     115  roller activation switch     116  piston     118  air cylinder/actuator with regulator for roller  110       120  top handle with interior hydraulic adhesive pump     122  pull trigger     123  interior trigger hinge     124  adhesive reservoir and delivery chamber     126  conduit tube for passing adhesive supply from supply tank &amp; actuation air supply from compressor to controls     130  guide stop     140  lift end     142  angled steel lift     144  thin plate/tip     150  aluminum plate     152  adhesive channels (four shown)     153  cut-outs (four shown)     154  pre-application chamber (tapered)     156  input line to pre-application chamber     157  tapered section of pre-application chamber     158  replaceable adhesive application tubes     159  lift noses taper for insertion     160 / 104  steel shoe     165  fasteners     170  adhesive supply source     172  liquid adhesive     173  adhesive container/pail     174  diaphragm (disk)     176  air pressure     178  adhesive delivery supply line     180  compressor     182  air line from compressor to adhesive supply source     184  air compressor hose for roller assembly     200  Extended rod caulking gun adapter embodiment     210  trigger squeezable caulking gun     222  connector for caulking tube tip     220  extension rod handle with inner tube     230  dispensing head     232  connector for dispensing head     234  dispensing tubes with bent ends     300  lifting dispenser adapter for caulking gun embodiment     310  caulking gun cartridge     320  connector (plastic connector)     330  feed line (aluminum feed line)     340  pipe (aluminum pipe)     345  fasteners (bolts, screws)     350  L-shaped guide stop     353  slots     355  fasteners (bolts, screws) for adjusting guide stop     360  steel lift plate     362  lifting ends     370  aluminum plate     372  channel openings     375  reservoir (interior channel)     380  steel base plate     385  fasteners (screws, and the like)     390  caulk gun   

       FIG. 1  is a top view of a partially unsealed three-tab shingle roof arrangement, with an upper row of three-tab shingles (staggered or shifted) overlaying a lower row of three-tab shingles.  FIG. 2  is a top view of a partially unsealed laminate shingle arrangement on a roof. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-2 , an unsealed area can be where the right side of the upper three-tab shingles overlays a left side of the lower three-tab shingles. The unsealing can occur from the vertical joint of the lower row of the shingles to the end of the shingle. Generally, the location of these unsealing areas occurs regularly at the end of the shingles. 
       FIG. 3  is a graph of fully sealed Laminate and Three-Tab Shingles compared to partially unsealed Laminate and Three-Tab Shingles. The vertical axis is a force coefficient between 0 and 100. For laminate shingles, the acceptable force coefficient is ASTM D7158 Predicted at approximately 38 on the scale. ASTM D7158, “Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method) is a consensus-based test protocol published by ASTM International. This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance with the manufacturer&#39;s instructions, and sealed under defined conditions. It is the accepted industry-standard approach for determining wind resistance of asphalt shingles. Today, the ASTM D7158 test standard has been adopted by many building code agencies, and is accepted test protocol by building codes of most states. 
     For Three-tab shingles, the force coefficient is approximately 22 on the scale. The Florida building code and International Building Code use this force coefficient scale to evaluate and certify the wind uplift performance of roof shingles (laminate shingle and three-tab shingles). 
     High speed is at approximately 44 m/s (meters per second). Medium speed is at approximately 30 m/s and low speed is at approximately 15 m/s. 
     Each data point represents of a test of a type of roofing shingle subjected to wind uplift speeds. Fully sealed is defined as a shingle that is adhered along a complete front edge of an individual asphalt shingle. Partially sealed is defined as one in which the sealant tab adhered only partially along the front edge of the shingle. It was found that environmental exposure and natural aging processes can create systemic patterns of partially unsealed asphalt shingles. Each symbol represents a different asphalt shingle sample used as part of the test, represented by the “circle,” triangle,” and “square” symbols. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a partially sealed asphalt shingle experiences a greater wind uplift force than a fully sealed shingle because the free tab at the unsealed portion of the shingle is deflected upwards by the wind flowing over the roof, creating a vertical front area and so producing far greater wind uplift force than is predicted by the design standard for fully sealed asphalt shingles (ASTM D7158), as shown in  FIG. 3 . Field observations following hurricanes and tornadoes, have found that failure patterns of asphalt shingles follow similar systematic patterns observed in partially sealed asphalt shingles, which suggest the those failures occur coincident with locations of partially unsealed asphalt shingles. Test data also confirms that partially sealed asphalt shingles are more vulnerable to wind-induced blow-off or damage than shingles that are fully sealed. 
     With the subject invention, the user can use the devices described below for resealing the section of sealant strip that is not sealed, one could reduce the potential of wind-induced damage on asphalt shingles. 
       FIG. 4  is an upper perspective view of the novel repair device  10 .  FIG. 5  is a top view of the novel repair device  10  of  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 6  is a side view of the novel repair device  10  of  FIG. 4 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4-6 , the device  10  can have a length between a rear end  52  adjacent to the handle  60  and a front blade tip end  26  of the channel  20  of approximately 4 inches, and a width across the channel  20  of approximately 3 inches. The rear end  52  can have an inclined base  50  with a rearwardly angled threaded rod  55 , which can be screwed into threaded hollow end  68  of an elongated handle  60 . The elongated handle  60  can have a length of approximately 0.5 to approximately 2.5 ft. The term approximately, can include +/−10%. 
     The elongated handle  60  can allow for the device  10  to be held by the worker so that the flat bottom  28  can rest on the roof surface. The front tip end  26  of the channel can include tapered sides  22 ,  24  to a blade tip end  26  so that it provides minimal vertical displacement of the shingle when the device  10  is inserted between the shingles. 
     Across the face of the channel  20  can be a generally rectangular opening for supporting an edge of the tape end  74  herein. The adhesive can be dispensed as pre-measured cylinder shaped dabs  76  placed at regular spacing along a sheet  74 ,  75  (release paper) that is coated with a release agent. The paper  74 ,  75  is on the top side of the side of the adhesive dabs  76  and it serves as a manual advancing mechanism to position the dabs  76  at the appropriate location above the lower shingle, once the device is inserted between the shingles. 
     Thin Fiber connectors  78  (such as wire or plastic mesh) are used to connect the cylinder dabs  76  of adhesive together and to hold them in place in the roll  72 . During installation as a single row of adhesive cylinder dabs  76  are placed between the shingles, then the sandwich of shingles is rolled from above to put pressure and get the lower surface of the adhesive cylinder dabs  76  into contact with the lower shingle and adhere to it. 
     Once this is established, the device  10  can be withdrawn pulling the release paper  74 ,  75  off the top of adhesive cylinder dabs  76  and the fibers connecting the next row of fasteners is broken. The release paper  74 ,  75  can be rolled out thus exposing the next row of adhesive cylinders  76  for the next installation/repair. 
     Along the back of the tapered channel can be a backstop vertical wall  30  extending upward with a narrow slot  35  across most of the bottom edge of the backstop wall  30  for allowing the tape end  74 ,  75  to be dispersed therethrough. The tape can be pre-rolled onto a collector roll  78  that is supported by a spool rotatably supported by an axle spool supports  40 . 
       FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the tape roll  72  that can be used with the device  10  of  FIG. 4 . The roll  72  can be formed from an elongated sheet having a length of approximately 10 ft to approximately 50 ft. The top layer is the paper coated with release adhesive, the dabs of adhesive are on top of the lower layer, and the fiber (plastic or wire mesh)  78  ties connect each adhesive dabs  76  which are used to hold the adhesive dabs  76  in place during the manufacturing process. 
     A sheet section can have an upper surface  75  with a plurality of rows of adhesive dabs  76 , each dab  76  having a width of approximately 0.25 inches, a thickness of approximately 1/16 inch, and each dab  76  can be spaced apart from another by approximately 1 inch. 
     The inventors have defined at least five types of adhesive compounds that can be used for the adhesive dabs  76 . 
     Option 1: 
     DOW—280A,282,7355,7358,7502,7657,Q2-7406,Q2-7566 and Q2-7735 
     General Electric—PSA 590,600,595,610,518,6574,529,750-D1,825-D1, 800-C 
     Purpose: Liquid adhesive dispensed onto tape 
     Properties: High viscosity, high cohesion and high adhesion up to 500 F. 
     Usable Life: Without admixtures approximately 9 months for DOW-Q2-7735 with a 24 month shelf life 
     Modifications: Extend useful life of adhesive to 10 to 15 years. 
     Option 2: Pre-adhesive silicone polymer 
     U.S. Pat. No. 8,524,836/Date: Sep. 3, 2013/Applicant: 3M 
     Purpose: Liquid adhesive dispensed onto tape-like substance. 
     Properties: Low O2 sensitivity, high peel strength, high cohesion, high temp. shear strength and room temperature application 
     Compatibility: Can be adhered to variety of materials including Kraft Paper and other type release papers as well as nylon and other fabric substances. 
     Modifications: Adhesive must have useful life of 10 to 15 years 
     Option 3: 
     USPTO: 20130075027/Date: Mar. 28, 2013/Applicant: 3M 
     Purpose: Adhesive with release liner on roll. 
     Functionality: Silicone based PSA compositions are coated onto a release liner, dried and then wound into roll. 
     Compatibility: Drywall, ceramic, glass, porcelain, wood and fiberglass 
     Usable Life: Testing performed on glass and drywall estimated at 30,000 minutes 
     Modifications: Determine compatibility with asphaltic products and laminate material. 
     Useful life must be 10-15 year range. 
     Option 4: Asphalt Roofing Cement 
     Companies: Tamko 801615, Henry 204, Wet-stick 202-1 
     Purpose: Known as plastic cement this compound is commonly used in roof repair. 
     Advantages: Self sealing, adhesive, and high ductility with ⅛ inch layer 
     Disadvantages: Low workability, it is putty like substance, log cure time, prone to blistering if too much adhesive applied 
     Modifications: Requires dispenser in controlled volume; must be limited spread; develop initial tackiness during cure period; 
     Option 5: Polymer-Modified Bitumens 
     As described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,701 
       FIG. 8  is a side view of the device  10  of  FIG. 4  being used between layers of shingles  2 ,  4 .  FIG. 9  is a top view of the device  10  of the preceding figures with upper collector removed.  FIG. 10  is a side view of the device  10  of  FIG. 9 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4 to 10 , the operation of the applicator device  10  will now be described. The device  10  can include a roll of tape  72  having adhesive dabs  76  thereon in a cylinder configuration on a lower spool  72 , and an upper spool  78  for collecting the release paper into a roll, and compressed air canister (for cleaning surfaces before applying adhesive) which will be described below. 
     The tape roll  72  can include adhesive dabs  76  which are temporarily attached together using a loose mesh  77 , such as but not limited to thin fiber ties and/or thin mesh wire. This array of cylindrically shaped dabs  76  can then placed onto the release paper  75  and rolled for storage. The release paper roll is how the adhesive tab cylinders  76  come to the site as a manufactured product. As each row of adhesive cylinders  76  is dispensed the release paper is rolled onto the upper empty spool such as a collector roll  78 .  FIG. 7  is placed upside down with the dabs  76  and mesh  78  faced down with the release paper  75  on top. 
     Mesh can be a loose breakable metal and/or plastic low strength material. The mesh is fragile to be able to break apart from hand pressure or when being pulled. 
     The installer can manually rotate the upper collector roll  78  to advance the dabs  76  with interconnected mesh  77  into the space between the shingles  2 ,  4 . The upper roll  78  collects the release paper  74 ,  75  which allows the advancing of the mesh  77  connected dabs  76  to be within approximately one inch from the outer edge  6  of the upper shingle  4 . 
     The mere action of merely physically pulling the tool device  10  out will break (sever) off a row of dabs  76  with mesh  77 . The strength of the mesh  77  is designed to break under the minimum force it takes to remove the tool device  10  is withdrawn from between the shingles  2 ,  4 . After the tool device  10  is removed, pressure is then placed on top of the upper shingle. 
     Next, the tool device  10  is moved to an adjacent location between upper and lower shingles,  2 ,  4 , and the process of applying a next row of dabs  76  with mesh  77  placed is dispensed in a similar manner, followed by removing the tool device  10  and placing pressure again on top of the upper layer of shingles  2 . 
     The adhesive can be applied either as a) controlled volume drops at uniform spacing and b) a polymeric cylinder dabs  76  of adhesive (approximately ¼ in. diameter, by approximately 1/16 in. tall, spaced approximately 1 inch apart and connected by mesh fibers  77  and attached to release paper. Option a) requires a storage volume in the applicator device. 
     A storage volume cylinder dispenser can alternatively be used to take the place of the lower release tape with dabs and mesh, which can be located just behind the backstop  30 . The storage volume can be used instead of a paper roll  72 . In operation, each dab  76  can be dispensed from an adhesive storage cylinder located behind the backstop, via capillary tubes that extend into the open space approximately 1 inch in a manner similar to the embodiment  100  shown and described in relation to  FIGS. 11-18 . The tubes can turn 90 degrees down to enable a drop of adhesive to be placed on the lower shingle  2  behind the front edge  6  of the upper shingle  4 . 
     In both the paper roll version and the storage volume version, the worker pulls out the applicator device  10  before applying pressure on the upper shingle  4 . 
     The shape and configuration of the device  10  was established to do the following results. The device  10  applies adhesive between shingle layers while minimizing the lifting of upper shingle  4 . The device  10  can include a pressurized air source (not shown) which blows compressed air between shingles  2 ,  4 , to remove loose dirt, aggregate or moss. 
     The device  10  precisely controls depth of installation of adhesive (from the leading edge) using the back stop  30  on the device  10  which can abut against the front edge  6  of the upper shingle  4 . Using the device  10  per sections of shingles, an approximately 4 inches to approximately 6 inches wide upper shingle  4  can be sealed to a lower shingle  6  at a time. The process can be repeated along a row of shingles starting from one side of the roof section to another, and then up the next row of shingles and so on as needed. 
     A Chemtronics ES1015 Ultrajet 70 Duster can be used to remove dust, dirt and other dry contaminants from a variety of surfaces. The duster canister can be located in the rear of the device  10  and it has at least three tubes extending into the front open area of the device  10 . It is anticipated the air pressure will produce a sharp uniform air source that would clear away any loose materials between the shingles  2 ,  4 . 
     During operation, the release paper from lower roll  72  is advanced by winding it onto upper roll—this moves the row of adhesive dabs  76  into place. Next the device  10  can be inserted by gently pushing the outer blade edge  26  of the channel  20  between shingles  2 ,  4  until the back stop  30  just touches the upper shingle&#39;s lead edge  6 . Next the worker can apply hand pressure to the top surface of upper shingle  4 . Hand pressure can be applied for approximately 3 to approximately 5 seconds as the device  10  is lowly withdrawn, breaking the fiber ties  77  between the subsequent lines of fibers. Then a steel roller (not shown) can used on top of the upper shingle  4  to mate the two surfaces between shingles  2 ,  4  and the adhesive dabs  76  together. This roller can be applied for approximately 10 to approximately 20 seconds with hand pressure. 
     The device  10  can be withdrawn from between the shingles  2 ,  4  taking the release paper with it, and leaving the adhesive cylinder dabs  76  and broken fiber ties in place. Then the release paper is advanced by rolling the paper onto the upper collector roll  78 , advancing the cylinder of the tape roll  72  by a set distance. The device  10  can then moved onto the next shingle joint. The release paper enables the adhesive dabs  76  to advance into the opening prior to dispensing by rolling the upper spool  48  retrieving the release paper. When the applicator tool device  10  is removed the paper is also removed. The cylinder roll  72  of adhesive are advanced by rolling out the release paper. 
     The elongated handle  60  can ensure an ergonomic work arrangement. In operation, the worker can be in a kneeling position on one knee and gently pushes the device into the groove between the shingles with the second knee. 
     The novel lightweight handheld device  10  can provide a consistent sealing tab for installation between two roof shingles  2 ,  4  laid out on a roof. The novel device  10  can become an essential tool for professional roofers during inspection of an asphalt shingle roof. 
     The device  10 , system and method of use and application can be used in new roof installations, during pre-hurricane inspection and repair for asphalt shingles that can include a new niche among roofer to gutter cleaning, repair of shingle tab seals and inspection of penetrations, and be made to be part of a franchise operation. 
       FIG. 11  is an upper rear side perspective view of a handheld shingle repair device  100  embodiment with metal channels  152  (shown in  FIGS. 12A, 14 ) for dispensing adhesive.  FIG. 12A  is a side view of the handheld shingle repair device  100  of  FIG. 11 .  FIG. 12B  is a cross-sectional view of the repair device  100  of  FIG. 12A  along arrows  12 A.  FIG. 13  is a front end view of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 12A  along arrow  13 X.  FIG. 14  is a partial top cross-sectional view of the shingle repair device  100  of  FIG. 13  along arrows  14 X.  FIG. 15A  is a cross-sectional side view of the view of  FIG. 14  along arrows  15 A.  FIG. 15B  is a cross-sectional side view of the view of  FIG. 14  along arrows  15 B. 
       FIG. 16  is a side view of the shingle repair device  100  of the preceding figures being used in a repair between roof shingles  2 ,  4 .  FIG. 17  is another view of the shingle repair device  100  of  FIGS. 11-16  being used on a roof  8  on a building/house  1  along with other components  170 - 184   
     Referring to  FIGS. 11-17 , the shingle repair device  100  can be a handheld device which can have a weight of up to approximately 20 pounds having a general size such as other tools used in the trades such as a circular saw, and the like. 
     The tool device  100  can have dimensions of approximately 4 inches wide, by approximately 5 inches high, by approximately 10 to approximately 12 inches long. 
     The device  100  can have a box like configuration main housing  102  with a front lift end  140  and air actuated pressure roller  110 . The top of the device  100  can have a generally cylindrical hollow handle  120  with an inner tube that runs through for delivering pressurized adhesive  172  from a source  170  shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     The lift end  140  has three metal layers, an angled steel lift  142 , having a sloped pitch angle of approximately 11 degrees to the horizontal, with a steel shoe  160  having a plurality of machined channels (for dispensing the adhesive), with an aluminum plate  150  between the steel lift  142  and steel shoe  160 . 
     The tip  144  of the angled steel lift  142  can be tapered to a thin edge, having a thin plate  144  (similar to a putty knife). The thin plate edge  144  can be approximately 1/32 inch to approximately 1/16 of an inch thick, having a flat plate with a tip width of approximately 4 inches by approximately 2 to approximately 4 inch depth. Four curved cut-outs  153  in the front tip edge  144  can each be approximately ½ inch wide by approximately 0.7 inches, and the cut-outs  153  can be spaced approximately 1 inch apart (center to center). 
     The steel shoe  160  can be a steel base plate  104  of approximately ⅛ of an inch to approximately ¼ of an inch thick, which can be removable for servicing inside of the device  100 . The back of the steel plate  160 / 104  can have fasteners  165  such as screws that screws the base plate  160 / 104  to the aluminum plate  150 . 
     The lift end  140  can have a narrow tip  144  that is configured to insert between two installed shingles  2 ,  4  without causing stress to the shingles  2 ,  4  that could result in breakage. In addition the tip  144  will space the adhesive along an approximately 4 inch width of the shingles  2 ,  4 . 
     In a typical shingle(s)  2 ,  4  having a width of approximately 36 inches, there can be an unsealed portion having a width of up to approximately 12 to approximately 16 inches. For this unsealed portion the lift end  140  of the tool device  100  is placed along one side edge to put the adhesive dabs up to approximately 4 inches in from one side edge of the shingle. Followed by moving the device  100  to the opposite side edge of the shingle to put the adhesive dabs down, so that approximately both 4 inch side edges of the partially unsealed section of the shingle 
     The steel shoe  160 / 104  can have a plurality of channels  152  (preferably four channels) with cut-outs  153  for dispensing dabs of the adhesive therefrom. 
     The channels  152  can be machined in the outer end of the steel base plate  160 / 104  and can have a rectangular configuration. 
     The channels  152  can be tapered which follows the approximately 11 degree sloped pitch of the steel lift plate  142 . 
     Each of the channels  152  can be approximately 0.03 inches high by approximately 0.06 inches wide, and spaced apart approximately 1 inch between centers of each channel  152 . 
     Once the outer edge of the shingle abuts against the guide stop  130 , the dispensing end (cut-outs  153 ) of the channels  152  is in an optimum position. 
     A pivotable pull trigger  122  having a pivoting hinge  123  underneath the top handle  120  when squeezed will dispense a selected specified volume amount of adhesive  172  in a puddle of approximately ¼ inch in diameter (less than a few ounces) through the outer ends  153  of the channels  152  in the spaces between the shingles  2 ,  4 . The pull trigger  120  can also be spring biased to go back to an extended position after being squeezed. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive can be purchased in a liquid form in a standard metal 5 gallon containers  152  (such as the BLACK JACK® RUBR SEAL by Gardner-Gibson Inc., Tampa, Fla.) described below. 
     A standard electric or gas powered air compressor  180  can be attached to both the roller assembly (roller  110 ,  111 ,  112 ,  113 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 ), and to the 5 gallon container  173 , such as a pail, holding the stored adhesive  172 . 
     The top of the container  173  can include a flexible rubber disk  174  (similar to a diaphragm) that pushes down onto the liquid adhesive  172  in the container  173  keeping it under pressure (of approximately 50 to approximately 150 PSI (pounds per square inch) so that the adhesive is forced up through a delivery tube  178 , such as but not limited to a Teflon/solvent resistant delivery tube system to pass into the hollow conduit tube  126  in the tool device handle  120 . Approximately 80 cubic inches per minute can be delivered with this compressor  180  which uses an air-line  182  to pass pressurized air into the container  173  having the diaphragm/disk  174  and adhesive  172 . 
     A valve normally in a closed position inside the tubular handle  120  can be opened when the trigger  122  is squeezed. The tool handle  120  with pivoting trigger  122  can be supported between a front stand  106  and rear stand  108  extending upward from the housing  102 . Squeezing the trigger  120  will allow only a selected amount of adhesive  172  to pass through the hollow tubular handle  120  and into a vertical adhesive reservoir and delivery chamber  124 , which connects by an input line  156  to a horizontal pre-application chamber  154  for the adhesive under pressure. The pressure in the vertical delivery chamber  124  and horizontal pre-application chamber  154  will cause the puddle of adhesive to squirt out the cut-out ends  153  of the channels  152  in the selected locations between the shingles  2 ,  4 . 
     Alternatively, a pump, such as a hydraulic pump can be located on top of the container  173  between the air compressor  180  and the air activated rubber disk  174 . One type of pump that can be used can be a Lincoln High-Pressure, Portable, Heavy-Duty Grease Pumps Model 9989 50:1-25-, 50-lb. Portable with Pail Cover. 
     Lincoln High-Pressure, Portable, Heavy-Duty Grease Pump, Model 9989 50:1, http://www.lincolnindustrial.com/Catalogs/_English/00-MAIN_Catalogs/LubeToolsEquip.pdf 
     The air supply line  182  from the air compressor  180  with regulator can insert into another connector. There is an air transfer orifice under the pump that pushes on a large diameter disk  174  that forces the fluid (adhesive) into the air operated high pressure delivery pump then out the high pressure hose  178  to the application handle  120 . In a preferred application, a maximum 80 cubic inches per minute at 150 psi. This delivery volume can be regulated down by reducing the input air pressure with the regulator at the air compressor  180 . If more volume is needed, larger pumps are available. 
     The operator can place the tool device  100  running along a row of shingles, and use finger pressure to identify shingles that have become partially unsealed. Once the partially unsealed shingle is found, the tool device is placed between the shingles up to the shingle edge just touching the guide stop. 
     After dispensing the adhesive, the lifting end  140  of the tool device  100  can be backed out so the lifting tip  144  is just outside the outer edge of the shingle. 
     In operation, the worker pulls out the applicator device  100  as the roller  110  is deployed applying pressure on the upper shingle. 
     Next, an air actuated pressure roller  110  can be activated by a switch  115 , which when activated will cause the roller  110  to be depressed and push down on the top shingle bringing the two shingles  2 ,  4  into intimate contact, and enabling the adhesive to wet both shingles (underside of top shingle and top side of lower shingle) to cause a good surface contact. The roller  110  can come down with some force of approximately 1 to approximately 6 pounds, and held in the down depressed position for between approximately 5 to approximately 20 seconds. 
     The air cylinder  118  with regulator inside the tool device  100  can be connected to an external air compressor  180  by an air hose  184  A switch  115 , such as but not limited to a toggle switch, and the like, activates a regulator can be adjacent to the handle  120  which when activated releases air from the compressor  180  which passes through the hose  184 . Pressurized air is delivered into the air cylinder  118  with regulator which activates the piston  116 , which moves the retractable arm  114  which causes parallel control arms  112  supporting the roller  110  to move downward by pivot points  113  relative to main support  111  to depress the roller against the top of the upper shingle. The switch can be timed to release or be manually released after approximately 5 to approximately 20 seconds. 
       FIG. 18  is a table of a preferred adhesive for use with the repair device of the preceding figures. 
     A preferred adhesive can be the BLACK JACK® RUBR SEAL by Gardner-Gibson Inc., Tampa, Fla. Other adhesives can be used, as long as they have a useful life of at least approximately 10 to approximately 15 years. 
     The lifespan of many shingle roofs, such as those in Florida can have a lifespan of approximately 20 years. The tool device  100  can be targeted to be used when the roof is approximately 5 to approximately 6 years old, so that the tool device  100  can extend the roof lifespan to the 20 year life of the shingles. 
     The shape of the device  100  was established to produce the following results. The device  100  applies adhesive between shingle layers while minimizing the lifting of shingle. 
     The tool device  100  can be used with some loose dirt or loose granules between the shingles. The puddles of adhesive can have wet ability properties to wet all the dirt and granules and the opposing surfaces of the shingles to create a monolithic layer all around the dirt and granules locking the granules and dirt in place in the adhesive layer formed between the shingles. 
     Optionally, the tool device  100  can incorporate dispensing a jet of compressed air between shingles to remove loose dirt, aggregate or moss. The tool device can be incorporated with an optional Chemtronics ES1015 Ultrajet 70 Duster which can remove dust, dirt and other dry contaminants from a variety of surfaces. The duster canister can be located in the rear of the device and it has one or two tubes extending into the front open area of the device to shoot a fan-like spread of compressed air clearing away the loose granules and dust. It is anticipated the air pressure will produce a sharp uniform air source that would clear away any loose materials between the shingles. 
     Optionally, the tool device can be used without the pivotable roller  110 , where a hand-controlled separate roller can be applied for 3 to 5 seconds as the tool is slowly withdrawn. Followed by, approximately 10 to approximately 20 seconds with hand pressure after the tool device is withdrawn. 
     After one application, the device  100  is then moved onto the next shingle joint, and the operation continued from shingle to shingle. 
     The novel lightweight handheld  100  device can provide a consistent sealing tab for installation between two roof shingles laid out on a roof. The novel device can become an essential tool for professional roofers during repair and maintenance of an asphalt shingle roof. 
     The device, system and method can be used in new roof installations, during pre-hurricane inspection and repair for asphalt shingles that can include a new niche market among roofer to gutter cleaning, repair of shingle tab seals and inspection of penetrations, and be made to be part of a franchise operation. 
       FIG. 19  is a top view of another embodiment of the shingle repair device  100  of  FIGS. 11-17  using replaceable adhesive application tubes  158 .  FIG. 20  is an enlarged top view of the lift end  140  with application tubes  158  of the shingle repair device  100  of  FIG. 19 .  FIG. 21  is a front end view of the lift end  140  of the shingle repair device  100  of  FIG. 10 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 19-21 , this device embodiment works similar to the previous embodiment, and substitutes replaceable adhesive application tubes  158 , such as Teflon tubes, and the like, for the grooved out metal channels  152 , and operates similarly to the previous embodiment and dispenses adhesive though lift noses  159  which can be tapered for insertion between shingles  2 ,  4 . 
       FIG. 22  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the shingle repair device with  200  elongated support handle  220 .  FIG. 23  is an enlarged view of the lift end  230  of the shingle repair device of  FIG. 22 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 22-23 , this device  200  can use an elongated hollow rod handle  220  with a plurality of nozzles (dispensing tubes with bent ends at the dispensing end). The nozzles/tubes, can be formed from metal or rigid plastic and the like. A caulking gun  210  with trigger can be attached to the upper end of the hollow handle  220  by connector  222 , which can connect to the tip of caulking tube mounted in the caulking gun. The squeezable trigger on the caulking gun  21  can dispense selected set amounts of the adhesive in a similar manner to the previous embodiments. 
     In addition, the dispensing nozzles/tubes  234  can include the lifting end portions of the previous embodiments, and be used with a squeezable trigger device with a pressure roller switch as described in the previous device  100 . 
     The elongated handle  220  can have a length of approximately 0.5 feet to approximately 2.5 ft. 
     The elongated handle  220  can allow for the device to be held by the worker so that the flat bottom can rest on the roof surface. The front tip end of the nozzles/tubes  234  can be tapered to a blade tip end so that it provides minimal vertical displacement of the shingle when the device is inserted between the shingles. 
     The elongated handle  220  can ensure an ergonomic work arrangement. In operation, the worker can be in a kneeling position on one knee and gently pushes the device into the groove between the shingles with the second knee. 
     Although liquid adhesive is described, the liquid adhesive can have a tacky composition with different viscosity ranges. 
     Although a squeezable trigger is shown and described, other types of switches such as toggle switches, push buttons, and the like, can be used. 
       FIG. 24  is a top perspective rear view of another caulking gun adapter dispensing device  300 .  FIG. 25  is a to perspective front view of the adapter dispensing device  300  of  FIG. 24   FIG. 26  is a bottom perspective view of dispensing device  300  of  FIG. 24 .  FIG. 27  is another bottom perspective view of the dispensing device  300  of  FIG. 26  with base plate  380  removed.  FIG. 28  is a side view of the dispensing device  300  of  FIGS. 24-27  used with another caulking gun  380 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 24-28 , the device  300 , a connector (plastic connector)  320  can be compressed fit within a cap end of an aluminum feed line  330 , and interconnected within an outer end of a pipe  340  such as an aluminum pipe) by side fasteners  345 , such as screws and bolts. The pipe  340  can be welded to the dispensing head of a main aluminum plate type body  370  that can be formed from aluminum. An adjustable L-shaped guide stop  350  can have slots  353 , with fasteners  355 , such as but not limited to bolts and screws, that allows the guide stop  350  to slide up and down on an inclined metal plate  360 , such as a steel plate, and the like, which is on an inclined surface of an aluminum plate  370 . The opposite end of the lift  360  can be spaced apart lifting ends  362 , having spaced apart teeth. with channel openings  372  between base ends of the lifting ends  362 . 
     The bottom of the device  300  can include a base plate  380  which can be attached and detached from the aluminum plate  370  (main body) by fasteners  385 , such as screws, and the like, similar to the previous embodiment. An interior reservoir  375  can hold dispensing adhesive, similar to the previous embodiment, which can pass out of adhesive channels  372 . 
     The connector  320  can attach to dispensing device  300  to one end of a caulking gun cartridge  310  that extends from a caulking gun  380 . Device  300  can operate similar to the previous embodiments described above. A type of caulking gun  390  that can be used with the invention, can be a Milwaukee, Model #2642-21CT, M18 18-Volt Lithium-Ion Cordless 20 oz. Aluminum Sausage Style Caulk and Adhesive Gun Kit. See for example, http://www.homedepot.com/p/Milwaukee-M18-18-Colt-Lithium-Ion-Cordless-20-oz-Aluminum-Sausage-Style-Caulk-and-Adhesive-Gun-Kit-2642-21CT/203028012?quantity=1. 
     The term approximately, used through the application can include +/−10% of the numbered values that follow. 
     While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.