Patent Publication Number: US-6705325-B1

Title: Apparatus for making cigarette with burn rate modification

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/299,231, filed Nov. 19, 2002. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL HELD 
     The present invention relates to a cigarette having a modified burn rate and a cigarette making apparatus for manufacturing such a cigarette. The modifications to the cigarette of the present invention include changes to the wrapper of the cigarette paper such that the tobacco column of the cigarette is adjacent to a strip wrap forming co-axial zones of high diffusion areas and co-axial zones of low diffusion areas. Such a partial double wrap cigarette exhibits a modified burn rate such that the standard smolder rate of the cigarette may be changed as desired to either self extinguish or slowed significantly depending upon the desired outcome. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the partial double wrap cigarette with modified burn rate of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the unrolled cigarette paper of the unrolled outer wrapper of the cigarette having a partial double wrap with modified burn rate as shown in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is an end view of the cigarette with modified burn rate of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the partial double wrap for a cigarette with modified burn rate of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is an alternative embodiment for a partial double wrap design for the present invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a front view of an alternative embodiment for the cigarette with burn rate modification of the present invention; 
     FIG. 7 is a partial cut away view for an alternative embodiment of the cigarette with burn rate modification of the present invention; 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the cigarette paper feeder on a cigarette making machine for use with the present invention; 
     FIG. 9 is an end sectional view of the garniture area of a cigarette making machine for use with the present invention; 
     FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the cigarette wrapper formation point of a cigarette making machine for use with the present invention; 
     FIG. 11 is a side view of an alternative embodiment for formation of the cigarette wrapper for use with the present invention; 
     FIG. 12 is a frontal view of a cigarette making machine for formation of the cigarette wrapper of the present invention having an unroller mounted above the garniture; 
     FIG. 13 is a close-up side view of the unroller mounted on the cigarette machine of the present invention shown in FIG. 12; 
     FIG. 14 is an alternative embodiment of the cigarette making machine for formation of the cigarette wrapper of the present invention with an external unrolling machine; 
     FIG. 15 is a close up view of the paper turning device shown in FIG. 14; 
     FIG. 16 is an alternative embodiment of the paper turning device of the present invention; 
     FIG. 17 is a side elevational view of the unrolling device and stabilizer of an alternative embodiment; 
     FIG. 17 a  is a front elevational view of the stabilizer of the embodiment shown in FIG.  17 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A cigarette with burn rate modification is shown in FIG.  1  and may be described as a partial double wrap cigarette  10 . As seen therein, the partial double wrap cigarette  10  of the present invention incorporates a standard column of tobacco  13  which extends from an exposed end to the filter  15 . Circumscribing the tobacco column  13  is the outer wrap of the cigarette paper  12 . Interior of the outer wrap cigarette paper  12  is a separate partial inner wrap layer or strip  14   a  and  14   b . The separate partial inner wrap layer  14   a  and  14   b  acts as a burn rate modifier for the tobacco column  13  by altering the burn characteristics of the cigarette  10 . As can be seen from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the inner wrap layer strips may be co-axial to the tobacco column  13  and may extend substantially the length of the tobacco column from the exposed end to the filter  15 . By insertion of the separate partial inner wrap layer  14   a  and  14   b  which in this embodiment extends co-axial to the tobacco column  13 , modification may be made to the burn rate of the cigarette in such a manner that the burn rate may be adjusted depending upon the packing density of the tobacco, porosity of the outer wrap paper  12  and additives to the outer wrap, width of the separate partial inner wrap layer  14   a  and  14   b , porosity of the inner wrap layers  14   a  and  14   b , and additives to the inner wrap strips. Alternatively, the inner wrap layer may be shortened to not extend the full length of the tobacco column  13  or may extend in varying directions. Thus, many alterations to the burn rate of the partial double wrap cigarette  10  of the present invention may be established based upon the combination of factors noted herein, among others. 
     As depicted in FIG. 1, the partial double wrap cigarette  10  of the present invention which has a modified burn rate characteristic incorporates an outer wrap paper  12  with a first and a second separate partial inner wrap strip  14   a  and  14   b . The outer wrap cigarette paper  12  may be a normal porosity paper which typically exhibits a porosity of 15-80 Coresta units. In combination with the outer wrap cigarette paper  12  is positioned at least one partial inner wrap layer which can modify the burn rate characteristics of the cigarette  10 . As shown, a first and a second partial inner wrap layer  14   a  and  14   b  are provided on opposite sides of the tobacco column  13 . In order to provide substantially equivalent burn rate characteristics along the entirety of the tobacco column  13 , the partial inner wrap strips  14   a  and  14   b  may substantially extend and be co-axial with the tobacco column  13  to the filter  15 . 
     As depicted in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the partial inner wrap layers  14   a  and  14   b  extend from end to end of the tobacco column  13  and may be positioned such that they are either equal distant from each other or may be placed in alternative positions based upon the desired burn rate characteristics. 
     Turning to FIG. 3, it is apparent that the partial double wrap cigarette  10  of the present invention has alternating high diffusion areas  21  and low diffusion areas  22  based upon the placement of the inner wrap layers or strips  14   a  and  14   b . As can be seen, the high diffusion areas  21  of which there is at least one, allow for increased permeation of CO and oxygen gases through the barrier formed by the outer wrap  12  while maintaining normal deliveries. In combination, low diffusion areas  22  which are defined by the circumferential extent of each of the partial inner wrap layers  14   a  and  14   b  may potentially block a significant portion or all of the inflow and outflow of gases therethrough related directly to the porosity of the inner wrap layer  14   a  and  14   b  in combination with the outer wrap layer  12 . The co-linear zones of high diffusion area  21  and low diffusion area  22  may exhibit a porosity of greater than 14 Coresta for the co-linear high diffusion areas and less than 8 Coresta for the co-linear low diffusion areas. 
     As shown in the drawings, the construction of the cigarette with burn rate modification is a partial double wrap cigarette  10  depicted herein and utilizes a standard outer wrap cigarette paper  12  which, in a typical cigarette, is 27 mm wide. Placed along the interior of the outer wrap, as shown in FIG.  2  and in FIG. 4 in an alternative embodiment, is located the separate partial inner wrap layer  14   a  and  14   b  which may substantially extend along the length of the outer wrap  12 . While the outer wrap of the cigarette paper may be standard porosity and construction, the partial inner wrap of this embodiment has a first and a second strip  14   a  and  14   b  each of which may be 4 mm in width and which may have a porosity of less than 8 Coresta units. Therefore, combined, the two inner wrap layers or strips  14   a  and  14   b  may circumscribe about 8 mm of the circumference of the partial double wrap cigarette  10  of the present invention but may extend around a circumference of up to 15 mm of the tobacco column in relation to a standard cigarette dimension. Any combination of the partial inner wrap and outer wrap may work depending on the variables noted, such as porosity of each paper, but it is felt that good burn rate characteristics as well as limited effects to smoke characteristics and flavor may be achieved by incorporating an inner wrap which covers less than about 75% or preferably less than about 60% and even more preferably less than about 35% of the circumference of the outer wrap. This is a function of the overall cigarette and may vary depending on the circumference of the outer wrap. However, variations are available to achieve the same favorable results utilizing the inventive aspects of the present design and such descriptions are not felt to be limiting and are exemplary only. 
     Alternatively, many different constructions may be utilized to provide the cigarette with burn rate modification as set forth herein. As may be understood, a single inner wrap layer or a plurality of inner wrap layers may be provided based upon the desired characteristics and burn rate modification. Thus, as previously mentioned, combinations of low porosity inner wrap segments and higher porosity outer wrap segments may be utilized to provide various linear burn rates which may be desirable. Thus, a typical linear burn rate of 6.0 mm per minute may be reduced as desired based upon a combination of porosity of outer wrap and partial inner wrap strips among other factors and may readily be reduced to below 4 mm/minute if needed. This includes formulation of single inner wrap strips of lower porosity or replacement of the inner wrap strips with various construction material including reconstituted tobacco, low porosity paper, bandcast tobacco, a polymer based material, other paper or material. The inner wrap strips may be coated with burn modifiers or other materials which would create at least one low diffusion area along the tobacco column. The paper may be coated with, as an example, sodium alginate as a burn inhibitor in order to decrease the porosity of the paper and provide adequate characteristics such that the entire combination of outer wrap porosity, tobacco packing density, inner wrap circumference covered and number of strips, inner wrap porosity and other factors cause the cigarette to exhibit a desired burn rate. 
     As shown in FIGS. 4-7, various embodiments may be utilized in order to create the low porosity zone. As depicted in FIG. 4, the opened standard outer wrap  12  is lined with a plurality of inner wrap or inner layer strips  16   a ,  16   b ,  16   c  and  16   d . These strips may be placed equidistantly apart along the interior of the outer wrap  12  and positioned away from the edges or seam where the outer wrap is adhered to itself during rolling within the garniture of the cigarette maker. As depicted, the strips  16   a - 16   d  may all be fed into the garniture and incorporated on the interior of the outer wrap adjacent the tobacco column. Placement of the partial inner wrap strips modifies the burn rate to a desired level such that the rate may be decreased sufficiently to cause either a significantly reduced static burn rate or self-extinguishment at a desired interval. 
     As shown in FIG. 5, an inner layer with non-linear sides  17  as compared to the edges of the outer wrap  12  may be utilized as the partial inner wrap in order to create the low porosity zone. As shown therein, the inner wrap layer  17  may be in wave form so that the placement of the low porosity zone changes in position along the tobacco column axis. Such non-linear placement of the low porosity zone may allow for different positioning of the cigarette during static burn and insure that the desired static burn rate takes effect regardless of the position of the cigarette. 
     Depicted in FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the cigarette with burn rate modification of the present invention. As seen therein, a high diffusion area  21  and low diffusion area  22  is defined by addition of a partial double wrap inner wrap layer  18  which circumscribes a portion of the tobacco column  13  on the interior of outer wrap  12 . The partial inner wrap layer  18 , as depicted in the figure, extends approximately half way around the perimeter of the tobacco column  13 . However, many different configurations may be utilized in order to achieve the appropriate linear burn rate through the burn rate modification set forth. The partial double wrap inner wrap layer  18  may be comprised of standard cigarette paper which has a low porosity of less than 7 Coresta units or cigarette paper coated with burn rate modifiers, or may be alternative construction such as a bandcast tobacco sheet with or without additives and which typically has a low Coresta unit value, typically less than 5 and more preferably less than 3. A secondary benefit of utilizing bandcast or reconstituted tobacco sheets as the partial double wrap inner wrap layer  18  is that the coloring of the inner wrap may be such that it is similar to the tobacco column  13  and does not provide a contrastly whitened area which extends along the low diffusion area  22 . Additionally, a polymer film or other material may be used as the partial double wrap inner wrap layer  18 . It may be preferable for the partial double wrap inner layer displayed in FIG. 6 to be 2-14 mm in width or alternatively, less than 75% of the circumference of the outer wrap in order to obtain the appropriate burn rate modification desired wherein the linear burn rate is sustained at a low enough level, preferably below 4.0 mm per minute. 
     As depicted in FIG. 7, an alternative embodiment is disclosed wherein a plurality of inner wrap strips  19  are utilized substantially surrounding the tobacco column  13  on the interior of the outer wrap  12 . The plurality of inner wrap strips  19  may be fed into the garniture adjacent the outer wrap  12  and encircling the tobacco column  13  as it is formed within the cigarette maker. The plurality of strips  19  may be comprised of a low porosity cigarette paper individually fed into the cigarette maker or by a single or multiple strips fed into the cigarette maker adjacent to the garniture and cut to the appropriate strip widths. As depicted in FIG. 7, a plurality of inner wrap strips  19  are utilized and extend co-axially substantially along the length of the tobacco column  13 . Preferably, the plurality of strips  19  extend along the entire tobacco column length such as to modify the burn rate along the entire tobacco column regardless of cigarette positioning. It is felt that by providing a plurality of strips  19  as depicted in FIG. 7, a more even modification of the burn rate of the cigarette may be produced. 
     As may be appreciated, extending the inner wrap layer substantially along the length of the tobacco column  13  such that they are co-axial provides a significant benefit over alternating rings which are perpendicular to the axis of the tobacco column  13 . Such perpendicular rings which alternate along the length of the tobacco column may provide a non-linear burn rate of the tobacco column  13 . Thus, in such a design where there are circumscribing rings around the tobacco column, the linear burn rate becomes variable between a low linear burn rate to a high linear burn rate depending upon the porosity of the paper at the point of the rings as opposed to the porosity of the non-adjusted paper between the rings. Such non-linear burn rate may in fact be undesirable in that continued free burning of the tobacco column between the rings for significant periods of time does not produce an appropriate burn rate modification which can be depended upon through the entire tobacco column length. Further, at points where the low porosity rings are present, a smoker may puff on the cigarette as the burning of the tobacco column passes over a low porosity ring. At such a point, it is thought that the deliveries of the cigarette may be altered significantly to increase the CO and other compounds provided as the cigarette burns over one of these rings. Thus, the partial double wrap inner layer of the present invention overcomes these problems by providing known standard deliveries over the entire length of the tobacco column while also modifying the burn rate along the entire co-axial length. 
     In the design of the cigarette with the burn rate modification  10  of the present invention, it may be desirable to incorporate the inner wrap layers, whether a plurality of strips or a single layer, away from the seam of the outer wrap  12 . As is known in cigarette manufacturing, the seam  23 , depicted in FIG. 1, is formed by the maker by over-wrapping the side edges  24  of the outer wrap  12 . In typical cigarette manufacturing, an adhesive is applied along one of the edges  24  prior to folding of the outer wrap and formation of the tobacco column  13 . During manufacturing of the cigarette with burn rate modification  10  of the present invention, it is desirable to maintain the partial inner wrap layer away from the seam portion to assure that the outer wrap  12  is properly formed and the partial inner wrap layer does not intercede in the formation of the tobacco column or adhesive of the outer wrap layer. Thus, as depicted in the embodiments, the partial inner wrap layers are shown to be placed away from the side edges  24  so that the inner wrap portions will not interfere with the seam of the outer wrap  12  nor interfere with the formation of the tobacco column within the garniture in a typical cigarette manufacturing machine. Thus, the cigarette with burn rate modification of the present invention may be implemented on standard cigarette making machines with only minor modifications made to the paper feeding devices and no modifications therefore will necessarily be required within the garniture. It is also apparent that in any of the embodiments shown herein the strips may be alternatively placed on the exterior of the cigarette and retained on the wrapper by adhesives or other means so that there are still formed co-linear zones of high and low porosity. 
     As shown in FIG. 8, a sample design for manufacturing a cigarette with burn rate modification described herein is depicted. The paper feeding assembly  80  is comprised of two paper sources, the outer wrap bobbin  37  and the inner wrap or inner strip bobbin  32 . The outer wrap bobbin  37  may be comprised of standard porosity outer wrap cigarette paper having a standard width which may vary between 19-27 mm as may be normally the case and may be fed to the cigarette making machine through a plurality of rollers and tensioning guides. In the embodiment shown, the partial inner wrap and outer wrap layer may be combined to form a combined cigarette paper  36  wherein the outer wrap and inner wrap layer receive the tobacco within the garniture. The outer wrap layer  30  may underlie the partial inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  which are fed from the inner wrap strip bobbin  32  or other source. The inner wrap strip bobbin  32  may be narrower than the outer wrap as it is intended to cover only a portion of the inner surface of the outer wrap  30 . The inner wrap strip bobbin  32  may be unrolled and fed through rollers and cut by a knife into the desired strips prior to forming the combined cigarette paper  36  just preceding the garniture. The strips  34 ,  35  which form the inner wrap portion of the cigarette of the present invention may have significantly different burn rate characteristics than the outer wrap  30 . Thus, variations in the porosity, content and other characteristics may be provided by supplying dual bobbins at the machine in the present embodiment. The slitter  33  may be provided to slit the inner wrap paper into two or more strips. 
     As shown in FIG. 8, the inner wrap strip bobbin  32  may have a paper with a width of 4-15 mm which is slit in two strips. The correct combination of porosity and burn characteristics of the inner wrap and outer wrap layer may be adjusted so as to produce an appropriate burn rate modification which is desirable to produce a standard linear burn rate throughout the entirety of the cigarette and tobacco column. 
     As shown in FIG. 8, the paper feeding assembly  80  disclosed incorporates a number of tensioning rollers for providing adequate feeding of the outer wrap  30  and the partial inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  to produce the combined cigarette wrapping paper  36 . As may be appreciated, the smaller width bobbin  32  creates significantly more problems in feeding the slit paper to the garniture. Adequate tensioning of the strips  34 ,  35  must be provided in order to prevent tearing of the inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  prior to the garniture. Additionally, as cigarette manufacturing process is inherently a stop and go procedure, the proper tensioning of the outer wrap bobbin  37  and inner wrap strip bobbin  32  is necessary. Thus, the partial inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  may be combined with the outer wrap paper  30  just prior to the garniture or may be combined, as depicted in FIG. 8, immediately after slitting in order to provide proper tensioning and combination of the two layers. 
     Turing to FIG. 9, a cross section of the garniture within the cigarette maker is shown. The garniture  40  is the area within the cigarette maker wherein the cigarette is rolled and formed. There is usually a belt which lies between the outer wrap  30  and the garniture  40  but which is not shown herein for explanation purposes. As depicted, the garniture  40  has a curvature for formation of the tobacco column and cigarette. The curvature folds the outer wrap  30  around the tobacco after the tobacco is deposited by the tobacco provider  41  within the cigarette maker. Prior to entry within the garniture, the inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  are mated with the outer wrap  30  so that the combined cigarette wrapper  36  is folded and formed with the tobacco while the cigarette wrapper formation is already in place. Such a design allows for the flexibility of combining various characteristics of the outer wrap layer and the partial inner wrap layer. Another benefit of the inline formation and processing of the cigarette with burn rate modification of the present invention is that it is an online method which does not affect the speed or formation of the actual cigarette. Thus, within the garniture, there is no significant modification required to form the cigarette rod which is cut into proper length and then added to filters at a later station within the cigarette maker. 
     As shown in FIG. 9, the inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  are fed into the garniture on the interior surface of the outer wrap  30  such that they are in proper placement when the cigarette maker forms the cigarette and tobacco column. In the present example, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner wrap strips  34 ,  35  are positioned at 90° from the seam of the outer wrap  30  and may be placed equidistant from each other in order to provide a smooth and continuous burn rate modification for the cigarette. The inner wrap material may be placed on the interior side of the outer wrap  30  without adhesive as preferred but other position maintaining material may be used. Formation of the cigarette within the garniture  40  and compacting of the tobacco into the tobacco rod maintains the placement of the inner wrap strips  34 ,  35 . 
     Turning to FIG. 10, an alternative embodiment for the paper feeding assembly  82  is shown. In this embodiment, the outer wrap  12  is fed from a standard position to bullet roller  57  which directs the cigarette wrappers to the garniture  60  for formation of the cigarette. In this instance, the outer wrap  12  may be standard 27 mm wide cigarette paper and have normal porosity as well as other typical additives. As is depicted, the combined partial double wrap  36  which may be combined prior to the garniture is formed from the combination of the outer wrap  12  and the dual line inner wrap strips  34 ,  35 . 
     As can be seen, the inner wrap strip paper  32  from the bobbin is fed to the guide rollers  58  prior to cutting or slitting by rotary cutter  51 . The rotary cutter may be comprised of a rotary knife  52  and knife block  53 . In such a formation, it is desirable to have a 8 mm wide combined portion of the interior of the cigarette covered with the partial double inner wrap, an inner wrap  32  may be provided which is slit in half forming equal 4 mm wide strips  34 ,  35 . These strips may be formed by rotary cutter  51  and separated by separation rollers  55 ,  56  before the partial inner wrap strip  34 ,  35  are combined with the outer wrap paper  12  at the roller  57 . The inner wrap  32  of course may be slit into even narrower strips for overlaying onto the outer wrap. 
     A benefit of such a design is that a rotary cutter  51  may be provided for slitting the paper into the desired widths. Problematic in handling narrow strips thereby necessitating the guide and tensioning rollers is that after the narrower strips are formed, care must be provided to prevent tearing of the inner wrap paper  32  and individual strips  34 ,  35 . Thus, it may be beneficial to provide a rotary cutter  51  at a point which is fairly close or adjacent to the garniture  60  in order to prevent significant handling of the narrow inner wrap strips  34 ,  35 . 
     In the paper feeding assembly  82  shown in FIG. 10, a rotary cutter  51  is shown to form the strips  34 ,  35  from the original web of material  32 . A number of different cutting devices or slitters may be used in all of these embodiments such as a static knife, laser, rotary knife as depicted, water jet cutter, kiss cutting or micro-perforation formation. Additionally, pre-formed webs of material may be provided which are pre-cut into individual strips which may then be separated prior to feeding into the garniture through various handling devices. A number of differing embodiments may be utilized in order to feed the appropriate inner wrap strips into the garniture in combination with the outer wrap. While the various embodiments disclosed herein teach specific structure to accomplish the feeding of the inner wrap strips to the garniture, a number of embodiments may be provided for formation or supplying of the inner wrap strips to the garniture in combination with the outer wrap. Such variations are felt to fall within the teachings of the present application and no unnecessary limitation is to be interpreted from the specific examples of the paper feeding assembly setforth herein. 
     As disclosed in FIG. 11, an additional embodiment  84  is provided wherein a cigarette maker  74  may have external bobbin units  70 ,  71 . External bobbin unit  70  may have bobbin  30  which supplies the outer wrap paper to be fed into the garniture  77 . The bobbin  30  provides a web of material  12  which is fed into the garniture and combined with a web of material  32  which forms the inner wrap strips. External bobbin unit  71  may have a bobbin of material  32  which is fed to a knife mechanism  75  for slitting. The slitter or cutting mechanism  75  is positioned directly adjacent to the garniture  77  in order to decrease the length of handling of the individual narrow inner wrap strips. As shown, the maker  74  has garniture  77  and garniture belt  78  driven by drive shaft  73  which feeds the paper and tobacco material through the garniture during the cigarette formation process such that the tobacco rod and cigarette is formed with the inner wrap strips formed therein. 
     As may be appreciated, provision for an external bobbin unit  70 ,  71  for both the outer wrap and inner wrap material allows for easier online processing of the paper and ready integration into the cigarette maker  74  of the partial inner wrap strips. Additionally, external placement of the outer wrap bobbin  30  and inner wrap bobbin  32  requires minimal changing of the structure for the cigarette maker  74  as the bobbins may be spaced away from the maker  74  and no significant changes are required at the area around the garniture  77  apart from the guide and tensioning rollers. Additionally, external bobbin units are currently implemented with cigarette makers and may be provided for in order to combine the outer and partial inner wrap strips of the present invention in order to create the appropriate burn rate modification desired. 
     In use, the external unit  71  may be fitted with a spool of bandcast material instead of a standard bobbin of cigarette wrapper. A spool may be utilized due to the non-uniformity of the material in bandcast. A spool having bandcast recon may be used wherein the material is 8 mm in width and is fed into the maker  74  through guide rollers in order to minimize movement of the bandcast material as the spool is unwound. The material may be slit immediately prior to joining with the outer wrap material at the bullet roller which is the roller typically found at the first or beginning part of the garniture. A plurality of guide rollers and tensioning rollers may be provided to properly feed the material to the garniture and combine it with the outer wrap material. 
     The cigarette with burn rate modification of the present invention may be designed with variations in outer wrap and inner wrap paper characteristics. As previously explained, standard outer wrap designs are such that the typical outer wrap has a linear laid out width of 27 mm and generally a porosity of between 15 and 80 Coresta units. As is generally understood, significantly decreasing the outer wrap porosity changes the deliveries and linear burn rate of the cigarette. Modification of the standard burn rate for a normal or typical cigarette may be obtained through addition of a partial inner wrap to the cigarette. The partial inner wrap may be a single inner wrap portion or may be a plurality of inner wrap strips as shown in the various figures. The partial inner wrap may have paper characteristics with a significantly reduced porosity such that the inner wrap paper exhibits a porosity of less than 8 Coresta units. If a single inner wrap strip is utilized, such as with band cast or other paper as previously described and depicted in FIG. 6, the inner wrap layer may have a width of between 2-15 mm. The porosity of the inner wrap layer may be adjusted from any where to 0 to 8 Coresta units. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Several product examples were made using the construction of a partial strip wrap or partial inner wrap cigarette using the inventive techniques and construction described herein. In the examples, a control cigarette was used having no partial inner wrap strips which exhibited a linear burn rate of between 4.3-4.7 mm/min. Different materials where utilized, as detailed in the chart below, for the partial inner wrap strips ranging from standard treated paper to band cast tobacco material. 
     Examples of cigarettes with two band cast inner wrap strips having a porosity of band cast material less than 5 CORESTA units: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Linear 
                 Self 
               
               
                   
                 Outer 
                 Outer 
                   
                 Inner 
                 Burn 
                 Extin- 
               
               
                   
                 Wrapper 
                 Wrap 
                 Inner 
                 Strip 
                 Rate 
                 guishment 
               
               
                   
                 Porosity 
                 Citrate 
                 Strips 
                 Width 
                 (LBR) 
                 On 10 layers 
               
               
                 Cig. 
                 CORESTA 
                 % 
                 Number 
                 mm 
                 mm/min 
                 % 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 50 
                 0.5 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4.3 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                 50 
                 0.5 
                 2 
                 4 
                 3.1 
                 100 
               
               
                 3 
                 50 
                 0.5 
                 2 
                 5 
                 2.6 
                 100 
               
               
                 4 
                 50 
                 0.5 
                 2 
                 6 
                 2.7 
                 100 
               
               
                 5 
                 40 
                 0.7 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4.7 
                 0 
               
               
                 6 
                 40 
                 0.7 
                 2 
                 3 
                 3.8 
                 48 
               
               
                 7 
                 30 
                 0.6 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4.3 
                 0 
               
               
                 8 
                 30 
                 0.6 
                 2 
                 4 
                 3.1 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples of cigarettes with two recon tobacco strips treated or covered with sodium alginate having a porosity of inner strip paper less than 5 CORESTA units: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Linear 
                 Self 
               
               
                   
                 Outer 
                 Outer 
                   
                 Inner 
                 Burn 
                 Extin- 
               
               
                   
                 Wrapper 
                 Wrap 
                 Inner 
                 Strip 
                 Rate 
                 guishment 
               
               
                   
                 Porosity 
                 Citrate 
                 Strips 
                 Width 
                 (LBR) 
                 On 10 layers 
               
               
                 Cig. 
                 CORESTA 
                 % 
                 Number 
                 mm 
                 mm/min 
                 % 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                  9 
                 70 
                 0.6 
                 0 
                 0 
                 4.4 
                  0 
               
               
                 10 
                 70 
                 0.6 
                 2 
                 7 
                 3.8 
                 70 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples of cigarettes detailing smoke deliveries of two samples with band cast strips: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Outer 
                 Outer 
                   
                 Inner 
                   
                 Self 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Wrapper 
                 Wrap 
                 Inner 
                 Strip 
                 Linear Burn 
                 Extinguishment 
               
               
                   
                 Porosity 
                 Citrate 
                 Strip 
                 Width 
                 Rate (LBR) 
                 On 10 layers 
                 tar 
                 Nicotine 
                 CO 
                 Puff 
               
               
                 Cig 
                 CORESTA 
                 % 
                 Number 
                 mm 
                 mm/min 
                 % 
                 mg/cig 
                 mg/cig 
                 mg/cig 
                 Number 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 11 
                 70 
                 0.6 
                 2 
                 4 
                 3.9 
                 90 
                 15.5 
                 1.4 
                 12.2 
                 10.3 
               
               
                 12 
                 50 
                 0.5 
                 2 
                 4 
                 3.8 
                 90 
                 14.5 
                 0.9 
                 14.6 
                  7.3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the examples presented, it is apparent that the addition of the partial inner wrap to the cigarette had a definite impact on linear burn rate and self extinguishment as compared to the control cigarette. The linear burn rate for the cigarettes using the present invention was directly affected and evidenced a reduction in linear burn rate by up to 40 percent. Where inner wrap strips were utilized having a width of at least 4 mm, test samples gave at least 90% self extinguishment. High self-extinguishment rates are seen using a plurality of 4 mm or greater strips of bandcast tobacco material but utilization of lower weight paper, such as standard cigarette paper, do not always appear to offer a high level of self extinguishment. Narrower width strips had differing results which could be modified by using alternative additives or increasing the number of strips. Reference to the self-extinguishment of the cigarette on 10 layers is related to the NIST test for cigarette ignition propensity. 
     In embodiments wherein the inner wrap strip is made of a heavier weight paper, placement of the secondary bobbin of inner wrap material becomes an issue. Due to the lower linear capacity of winding a unitary narrow strip of thicker material on a bobbin, the resulting bobbin may be significantly heavier and wider than a standard 27 mm wide outer wrap unitary layer bobbin. With the increased size and weight of the inner wrap bobbin for high speed on line implementation, the oversized inner wrap bobbin is preferably not placed directly on a cigarette maker in current paper locations, such as a standard double wrap cigarette manufacturing machine known in the art. In situations where high basis weight paper is utilized, such as with a band cast tobacco sheet for the inner wraps strip having a basis weight of, for example, 100 gsm and 0 coresta, wrapping the material onto a unitary layer strip bobbin is impractical. While wrapping such material on a unitary layer bobbin, the unitary layer strip bobbin becomes unstable after only 1,500 to 3,000 linear feet of material. The bobbin is susceptible to unraveling caused by any transverse force at the outer edge of the wound material due to the narrow width. One solution is winding the narrow strip material onto a transverse wound bobbin or spool  92 , as is shown in FIG. 12, so that unwinding of the material causes the unwound strip to traverse back and forth along the central axis of the bobbin. Positioning of these wider and heavier transverse wound bobbins or spools becomes problematic on a cigarette making machine due to the width of the transverse wound bobbin, the weight of the bobbin and the transverse movement of the unwound strip into the cigarette maker. 
     As is shown in FIG. 12, an alternative embodiment of an unrolling device  90  is shown in combination with the apparatus of the present invention which provides stabilization of the transverse wound bobbin web of material  95  into the garniture  77 . The unrolling device  90  depicted allows loading of the transverse wound bobbin or spool  92  above the garniture and feeding of the inner wrap strip web of material  95  to the bullet roller  98  in stable alignment. 
     As can be seen, the transverse wound bobbin  92  can be mounted on the cigarette maker so that it can unwind as the cigarettes are formed within the maker at high speeds. The transverse wound bobbin  92  may roll freely on a hub mounted on the unrolling device  90 . The narrow, about 12 mm or less, inner wrap web of material  95  is unwound from the transverse wound bobbin  92 , across the tensioning bar  94  held on tension arm  93 , and though a funnel or stabilizer  96 . Of particular concern in unrolling of the transverse wound bobbin  92  is that the inner wrap web of material  95  reciprocates across the central axis of the bobbin  92  as it is unwound. In the embodiment shown in FIG.  12  and FIG. 13, the unrolling device  90  is comprised of the support arm, tension arm  93  and tensioning bar  94 . The tensioning arm  93  is mounted and attached to the support arm by a center focal point and may rise or lower based on the tension of the strip  95  and the tensioning spring  97   a  Tension arm  93  tensions the web of material indirectly by allowing the spool to spin more freely and may act as a break for the spool and in addition to this tensioning of the paper, it prevents the transverse wound bobbin from free wheeling when the machine stops thereby preventing the bobbin from throwing off a large amount of paper as it comes to rest. 
     As the inner wrap web of material  95  unwinds from the transverse wound bobbin  92 , the unwound web of material  95  travels across the tensioning bar  94 , tension bar  94  therefore potentially being as wide as the bobbin  92  to accept the transverse movement of the unwound web of material. Due to the reciprocating transverse movement of the unrolled web  95 , the strip must be stabilized prior to feeding into the garniture. Failure to stabilize the inner wrap web of material may possibly cause the strip to tear in the cigarette maker based on incompatible tensioning. As shown in the drawings, a stabilizer  96 , which may be similar to a funnel device in this embodiment, allows lateral movement along an upper portion thereof but restrains the strip in lateral motion at the lower and narrower exit portion. Upon exiting the funnel or stabilizer device  96 , the inner wrap strip extends around intermediate roller  97  and is fed to the bullet roller  98  with the possibility of having a plurality of intermediate rollers therebetween depending on the necessity for proper tensioning. Interposed between roller  97  and bullet roller  98  is a slitter or cutting device  99  which may slit the narrow inner wrap web of material  95  into a plurality of narrower strips which are fed into the garniture  77  on the interior or upper surface of the outer wrap web of material  12  so that the inner wrap strips may be adjacent the tobacco column of the cigarette. 
     As is readily apparent from the drawings, the funneling or stabilizer device  96  constrains the reciprocating movement of the inner wrap web of material so that the web  95  is maintained in secure fashion so that the narrow web may be slit into a plurality of strips, preferably two, but up to four or more. The strips may be between about 3-6 mm each, depending on desired smoldering characteristics of the manufactured cigarette. 
     As mentioned, the unrolling device  90  disclosed herein may be necessary for various embodiments of heavy inner wrap strip material. With such heavy material, it has been found that only up to 1,500 feet on a standard unitary layer bobbin is the maximum length of material which can be placed on such a bobbin to function properly at high speeds due to the instability problems noted above. However, utilizing the transverse wound bobbin  92  as disclosed herein, approximately 6,000 to 120,000 linear feet of material may be stored and unwound for use in an online environment. If a large size transverse wound bobbin is utilized, it may be necessary to further use an external unwind motor or drive for the unrolling device  92  so that it unwinds in synchronization with the garniture belt  78  and the outer wrap strip  12  as opposed to a free spinning hub. Such unwinding motor may also be necessary in order to reduce the tension created by attempting to free spin such a high weight bobbin without an assist device. 
     As seen in FIG. 13, the tensioning arm  93  may pivot about a center axis point by spring  97   a  so that the tension on the web  95  is alleviated and will not cause direct tearing of the paper like material. Additionally, the stabilizer device  96  may be any type of device which restrains the lateral movement of the inner wrap strip  95  and does not necessarily have to be funnel shaped as depicted. Significant other designs and embodiments may be utilized to provide the equivalent stabilizing characteristics as device  96  such that the inner wrap strip  95  may be fed to an intermediate roller  97  or be fed directly to the slitter  99  or the bullet roller  98  as necessary. Such alternative designs are contemplated within the overall structure disclosed herein and modifications made to the stabilizer device  96  which differ from that disclosed in the drawings are felt to fall within the teachings herein. For example, stabilizer device  96  may be replaced with a roller which causes the inner wrap strip to be rotated 90° so that the transverse movement across the transverse wound bobbin  92  is translated to rotational movement about a secondary roller  97  thereby preventing any axis-length movement along the axis of secondary roller  97 . 
     FIG. 17 depicts a stabilization device  110  of another embodiment for use with the present invention. As shown therein, the unrolling device  90  for the transverse wound bobbin  92  may be integrated with a triangular shaped pan  110  which restrains the lateral movement of the tape of the inner wrap web of material  95 . The stabilizer device or triangular shaped pan  110 , which is depicted in FIG.  17  and FIG. 17 a , receives at its wider upper end the inner wrap web as it is fed from the transverse wound bobbin  92 . As indicated previously, during unrolling of the transverse wound bobbin  92 , the inner wrap web of material  95  reciprocates across the axis of the bobbin  92 . The wider upper end of the stabilizing device  110  receives this reciprocating lateral movement and restrains such movement at its more narrower lower exit end such that a significant portion of any movement of the inner wrap web of material  95  is removed once the inner wrap strip is fed into the cigarette maker and possibly to an intermediate roller  97 . 
     As shown, the triangular shaped pan or stabilizer device  110  may be mounted above the garniture area directly below or adjacent the unrolling device  90 . As indicated, the pan or stabilizing device  110  is designed to reduce the amount of lateral movement which is caused by combining a transverse wound bobbin with the cigarette maker in an effort to stabilize the movement of the unwound inner wrap web of material  95  so that the positioning and tensioning of the strip  95  into the maker and garniture is normalized to allow for high speed manufacturing. As such, as shown in FIG.  17  and FIG. 17 a , the triangular shaped pan allows for a wide entry area at an upper end, the width of which closely matches the reciprocating transverse movement of the inner wrap web of material off of the bobbin  92  and attempts to restrain, at the lower exit portion, the material so that very little lateral movement is noted within the maker. The pan or stabilizer device  110  may be mounted directly to the unrolling device or adjacent to the maker so long as the inner wrap strip  95  passes therethrough before entering into the maker or slitting device. 
     As shown in FIGS. 14,  15  and  16 , an additional embodiment may be utilized for the unrolling device  100  when a larger transverse wound bobbin  101  of the inner wrap strip is utilized. As shown from the schematic of FIG. 14, the larger transverse wound bobbin  101  is mounted on hub  106  of the unrolling device  100 . The hub may be a powerized hub driven by power motorized assist device  102  which is indirectly synchronized with the speed of the outer wrap web  12  and garniture belt  78 . This synchronization is conducted through photo-diodes or sensors on the tensioning arm which constantly adjust the speed of the motorized assist device depending on the slack in the web of material and therefore the tension therein. As the inner wrap web of material is unwound from the bobbin  101 , reciprocating movement of the inner wrap strip  95  along the axis of the bobbin is expected. Thus, the material may be passed to a paper turning or redirection device  103  which has a first roller  105  and second roller  104  in order to stabilize movement of the narrow strip of material  95 . Thus, as the unwound strip reciprocates across the large transverse wound bobbin or spool of material  101 , the reciprocating motion will be transferred along the first roller  105  and the second roller  104 . However, once the inner wrap strip  95  extends to the cigarette maker and particularly the slitter  99 , all lateral movement is removed and the narrow inner wrap web of material is stabilized. As shown, the paper turning device  103  is utilized to either completely remove the reciprocating motion of the narrower inner wrap web of material  95  caused by transverse unrolling along bobbin  101  or to turn material  95  in such a manner that the reciprocating motion is transferred to rotational movement about an intermediate roller  97 . Thus, it is desirable to prevent movement along the axis of intermediate roller  97  by rotating the unraveled inner web of material  95  approximately 90° so that the reciprocating lateral movement is translated to reciprocating rotational movement about roller  97  thereby assuring stabilized positioning of the inner wrap strip to bullet roller  98  or slitter  99 . 
     As also can be seen, the web of material may be fed to slitter  99  so that the web, prior to being fed to the bullet roller  98  and combined with the outer wrap paper  12 , is slit into a plurality of narrower strips of material, preferably two strips but possibly four or more. 
     Returning to FIG. 15, the turning device  103  may be comprised of a first and a second roller extending downward at a displaced angle X from the vertical axis. Each of the rollers may be displaced off of the vertical axis by about 45°. The reciprocating movement of the unwound inner wrap strip prior to reaching the turning device  103  will travel along the length of the axis of the transverse wound bobbin  101 . As such, first roller  105  may need to be sufficiently long enough to accommodate such movement such that the material will travel appropriately up and down the first roller  105 . Such transverse movement along the first roller  105  may also partially be transferred to movement on the second roller  104 . However, sufficient stabilization of the inner wrap strip  95  can be expected such that the paper is stabilized prior to reaching slitter  99 . 
     An alternative embodiment is displayed in FIG. 16 wherein a single roller  107  is utilized at a displaced downward angle X of approximately 45° from the vertical axis. The roller  107  allows the narrow strip of material  95  to transverse back and forth, caused by the reciprocating action of the unwound material from bobbin  101 , and turn the strip as desired. Roller  107  may necessarily be sufficient in length to meet these transverse reciprocating motions but not necessarily be the width of transverse wound bobbin  101  due to the angle with which it receives the strip from the bobbin. 
     As disclosed in FIG. 16, when a single roller  107  is utilized, positioning of the roller external to the cigarette machine may not necessarily require that the roller be displaced vertically from the machine as shown in other embodiments. Thus, the narrow inner wrap web of material  95  exiting the turning or redirection device  106  may enter into an intermediate roller directly adjacent the slitting device  99  so that it may be fed to bullet roller  98 . An intermediate roller  97  may be necessary to receive the narrow inner wrap web of material prior to entry into the slitter  99  in order to further stabilize the material. Such a design may allow for support and unwinding of significantly larger transverse wound bobbins  101  which match or increase the length of material placed on a normal unitary layer outer wrap bobbin  30 . 
     The transverse wound bobbin  101  and  92  depicted herein may contain a spool of band cast tobacco based material which is anywhere from 8 mm to 12 mm in width or less, depending on the number of strips required and other factors, such that a plurality of individual separated strips of paper may be fed to the bullet roller  98  adjacent the outer wrap strip  12 . It is thought that individual inner wrap strips of 4 mm in width or less may work appropriately as outlined herein to adequately adjust the burn rate of a cigarette and also to enhance the flavor of the smoke or change the smoke characteristic, both main and side stream. By utilizing band cast material, specific benefits related to self extinguishment may be realized due to the weight of the paper and the porosity. Such bandcast material may be comprised of about 22% sodium alginate but which may have a range of between 7% to 30% content, and also having about 7% to 22% glycerin for proper characteristics. The transverse wound bobbins may be 10, 12, 20 inches in diameter or more depending upon the necessary linear requirements for proper feeding to the cigarette maker and manufacturing requirements. The motorized assist or power unroller motor  102  may be utilized as is shown in either embodiment for the heavier weight transverse wound bobbins, the motor assist devices integrated with the cigarette maker so that the unravel speed of the transverse wound bobbin matches that of the material of the outer wrap  12  being fed into the maker and garniture. 
     It is apparent that variations between the outer wrap and inner wrap porosity, width of the inner wrap, material used for the inner wrap and other factors will readily modify the burn rate of the cigarette, while still using concepts of the present invention. Such variations are deemed to fall within the teachings of the present application as generally, online addition of a partial inner wrap layer is described herein to properly modify the burn rate of a cigarette.