Patent Publication Number: US-2005130780-A1

Title: Chain transmission and chain

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
      The invention relates to a chain transmission in accordance with the preamble of claim  1 . A chain transmission of this type is known from WO 97/31846.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      Chain transmissions are in widespread use in mechanical engineering for the slip-free transmission of rotation, for example when driving a camshaft of an internal combustion engine.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      There are numerous designs of chain transmission. The chain transmission is usually designed with an endless chain which rotates about at least two sprocket wheels, while if appropriate a chain tensioner may be fitted in order to tension the chain around the sprocket wheels.  
      The links of the chain may be formed in numerous ways but usually comprise a row of link plates which are connected in series with the aid of pivot pins. Often, each link comprises at least two link plates which are connected in parallel and are each provided with openings which are positioned at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the chain and are connected with the aid of pivot pins which extend transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the chain. The link plates are in this case positioned with a certain distance between them, so that a drive chamber, in which a tooth of the sprocket wheel can be received, is formed between the link plates and the pivot pins. In this case, the chain often comprises a series connection of inner links and outer links, the link plates of the outer links in each case enclosing the link plates of the inner links on the pivot pins. In the case of a bush chain, the link plates of the inner link are connected to one another by means of two bushes and the link plates of the outer ink are connected to one another by means of pins which are mounted pivotably in the bushes of the inner links. In a so-called roller chain the wear between the tooth flank of the sprocket wheel and the bush, is reduced by fitting a roller around the bush.  
      Like a gear transmission, a chain transmission can be used to produce a defined nominal constant transmission ratio. This is the ratio between the rotational speed of the driven sprocket wheel and that of the driving sprocket wheel. The advantage of a chain transmission over a gear transmission is that its cost price is relatively low.  
      However, one drawback of the chain transmission is that the instantaneous transmission ratio is not constant. This is caused by the fact that the chain is composed of links which are positioned around the sprocket wheel as chords, and where the chain pulls the sprocket wheel with a fluctuating radius. This effect, known to the person skilled in the art as the polygon effect, not only leads to wear and vibrations but also causes a relatively high noise level. The polygon effect is most disruptive in sprocket wheels with a relatively small number of teeth, for example fewer than 20 teeth.  
      To counteract the polygon effect, it is proposed in WO 97/31846 to guide the chain with the aid of a guide path, which is arranged in the vicinity of the sprocket wheel, by interaction with parts of the chain along an engagement section. With the aid of the guide path which is arranged in a fixed position, the chain is guided along the sprocket wheel before, during and after engagement. In this case the chain is guided in such a manner that the pivot axes of the pins of the chain describe a predetermined, curved and virtually smooth path with respect to the outside world, in such a manner that the speed of a pivot axis of a pin at a certain distance from the sprocket wheel is always at a constant value when the wheel is rotating at a constant speed. The transmission ratio is then completely constant. In this curved path, the radius of curvature of the curved path is reduced virtually continuously long the engagement section from virtually infinite on straight section of the curved path to the radius of the pitch circle of the sprocket wheel. In particular, the curved path approaches the pitch circle of the teeth of the sprocket wheel from the outside via a curved path section.  
      A drawback of the known chain drive is that as it is passing over the curved path, the chain links pivot ever further with respect to one another, with the result that the contact force between the chain and the guide path increases continuously. The Hertzian contact stress of the instantaneous point of contact on the guide path in the process increases accordingly. If high mechanical powers are to be transmitted and if the rotational speeds are high, the Hertzian contact stress may become unacceptably high. At higher powers and rotational speeds, the wear to the chain and guide path may as a result be so high that the service life of the chain and the guide path is unacceptably short. Moreover, mechanical friction losses occur and additional noise is generated, which is disadvantageous.  
      It is an object of the invention to provide a chain transmission of the type described in the introduction in which the above-mentioned drawbacks are avoided while the advantages mentioned are retained. To this end, a chain transmission according to the invention is designed in accordance with claim  1 . The result of this is that the pivot axes follow the path which is desired in order to avoid the polygon effect while there is little or no relative displacement between the support means of the chain and the rotating support which interacts therewith, so that wear and noise are avoided.  
      According to a refinement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  2 . This makes it easy to make a stable support for the links.  
      According to a further refinement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  3 . In this way, the path of the chain is defined with more accuracy, the polygon effect then being avoided as far as possible.  
      According to a further improvement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  4 . This makes it easy to obtain guidance for the chain in such a manner that the polygon effect is avoided.  
      According to a further refinement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  5 . The result of this is that the links are supported without interruption when they approach the wheel and the links are prevented from colliding with the wheel, so that wear and excess noise pollution are limited.  
      It should be noted that the support means referred to above are most effective in the vicinity of a wheel with a relatively small number of teeth (for example 16 teeth or fewer), since this is when the vibrations resulting from the polygon effect are greatest. This means that in a chain transmission with a small wheel and a large wheel (for example a camshaft drive of an internal combustion engine), the stationary guide means can be omitted in the vicinity of the large wheel. The mass inertia of the chain and the chain tension then form the means which ensure that the pivot axes follow the straight part of the curved path.  
      According to a further refinement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  6 . This facilitates positioning in the direction of rotation of the chain with respect to the wheel, while avoiding the use of teeth of a sprocket wheel positioned between the links and allowing the diameters of the sliding surfaces of the bearings in the pivots of the chain to be larger. This reduces the wear to the chain.  
      According to a further improvement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  7 . The result of this is that the driver means can function independently of the support means, so that they can be optimized independently of one another.  
      According to a further improvement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  8 . This further simplifies the design of the chain and the wheel, making it possible to provide the sides or the enter part of the cylindrical wall of the wheel with tongues or grooves. By designing the sides as a separate component, it is possible for either the sides or the center part to be provided with tongues or grooves, which saves on manufacturing costs.  
      According to a further improvement, the chain transmission is designed in accordance with claim  9 . This results in a chain which is simple to produce.  
      The invention also encompasses a chain in accordance with claim  10 . A chain of this type is suitable for the chain transmissions described above and also for use as chain which has to be guided around a wheel while only a force but no movement is exerted on the wheel. In this transmission too, vibrations and the like are voided, since the polygon effect does not occur.  
      According to an improvement of the chain, the latter is designed in accordance with claim  11 . This makes it possible to use the chain on two sides, which may be of benefit if a guide wheel is used to divert the chain in structure. Also, the chain can be turned over after the support surfaces have become worn, so that the support surfaces of the other side come to rest against he wheels. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of a number of exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in a drawing, in which:  
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  diagrammatically depict curved paths of chain transmission with a transmission ratio which is respectively equal to 1 and not equal to 1.  
       FIGS. 2A and 2  respectively show a diagrammatic side new and a plan view of a first exemplary embodiment of a chain;  
       FIG. 3  diagrammatically depicts the curved path of a link which is changing from a rectilinear motion to a rotating motion;  
       FIG. 4A -E diagrammatically depicts the interaction of the links of the chain with stationary and rotating support means in successive steps;  
       FIG. 5  shows a second embodiment of the links of the chain;  
       FIGS. 6-11  each show a further embodiment of the chain transmissions in which a chain interacts with a sprocket wheel provided with teeth and;  
       FIG. 12  shows a simple embodiment of a chain. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      It should be noted that the figures are purely diagrammatic illustrations of preferred embodiments of the invention which are given purely by way of non-limiting examples. In the figures, identical or corresponding components are denoted by identical reference symbols.  
      Referring first of all to  FIG. 1A , this figure illustrates a chain transmission  1  with an endless chain  2  which rotates about two sprocket wheels  3 A and  3 B. The sprocket wheels  3 A and  38  are arranged rotatably and are provided at their circumference with teeth which, during use, interact over an engagement section with successive links  5  of chain  2 . The engagement section around sprocket wheel  3 A is denoted overall by A in  FIG. 1 . The sprocket wheel  3 A in this case forms a driving sprocket wheel, while sprocket wheel  38  forms a driven sprocket wheel. The transmission ratio between the sprocket wheels  3 A and  3 B is independent of the rotational position of the sprocket wheels  3 . In this exemplary embodiment, a transmission ratio of 1 has been selected, but referring to  FIG. 1B  it will be clear that this ratio may also be selected to be other than 1. The top part  2 A of the chain is under tensile load, while the nominally load-free bottom part  28  is tensioned with the aid of a chain pensioner  4 .  
      Referring now to  FIG. 2A, 2B , the chain  2  is composed a series of successive links  5 ,  5 ′,  5 ″ which are each pivotably connected to one another with the aid of pins  6 . The links  5  of the chain  2  in this exemplary embodiment in each case comprise two link plates  7  extending in the longitudinal direction of the chain. The link plates  7  are each provided with two pivot holes  8  which are positioned at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the link plate  7 , have a center axis H and in which successive pins  6  of the chain  2  are accommodated. The distance between the center axes H of the pivot holes  8  and the two pins  6  of a link  5  which form the hinge for successive links  5  to move with respect to one another is the pitch p of the chain  2 . The link plates  7  are each provided, in the vicinity of one of the two long sides L, with two support surfaces in which are each located in the vicinity of one end of the link plate  7 . The chain  2  is composed of inner links  5 A, the link plates  7  of which are connected to the center axis H with the aid of a hollow bush  9 , and outer links  5 B, the link plates  7  of which enclose the link plates  7  of the inner links  5 A and are connected by means of pivot pins  6 . It should be noted that in this context a link  5  is in each case formed by at least one link plate  7  and that in the bush chain shown in this example the inner links  5 A each comprise two link plates  7  and two bushes  9 , while the outer links  5 B each comprise two link plates  7  and two pins  6 .  
      The chain transmission  1  also comprises a guide  10 A or  10 B which is arranged in the vicinity of the sprocket wheel  3 A and/or  3 B (cf.  FIG. 1 ) for guiding the links  5  of the chain  2  by interaction with support surfaces n of the link plate  7  in the vicinity of and along at least a part of the engagement section A.  
      Referring to  FIG. 3 , the drawing illustrates a curved path B which is followed by the center axes H, inter alia under the influence of the guides  10 A and  10 B. To counteract the polygon effect, the curved path B in the region between the wheels  3 A and  3 B comprises a straight section, on which the points P, P 1  to P 4  and Q are shown, a circular section St, on which the points R, R 1  to R 4  and S are shown, and between these a central section with a curvature which is tangent to both the straight part and the circular part and on which the points Q, Q 1  to Q 4  and R are shown. The circular part St corresponds to the circle which the two center axes H of link  5  describe when the link  5  is resting completely against the sprocket wheel  3 A.  FIG. 3  shows an x-y co-ordinate system. The x axis is selected in such a way that it coincides with the straight section of the curved path B. It should be noted that the x axis lies a distance b outside a rectilinear part f a contour which is described by two pitch circles of teeth of the two interacting sprocket wheels  3 A and  38  and two connecting lines r which are tangent on these two pitch circles. The y axis, which is perpendicular to the x axis, is selected in such a way that it passes through the center point of the pitch circle St of the teeth of the sprocket wheel  3 A. Selecting the position of the point Q defines the shape of the central section of the curved path B. The point Q lies on the x axis and is at a distance a from the y axis and a distance b from the connecting line r. If a and b are selected appropriately, the result is a curve which is tangent with a continuously changing radius of curvature on both the straight part of the curved path B and the circular part of the curved path B. If appropriate, b may be selected to be equal to 0 or negative.  
      The shape of the central section of the curved path B determines the occurrence or absence of the polygon effect. To calculate the curved path B such that no polygon effect occurs, the starting point is the position of the point Q. The point R lies at the pitch spacing p from the point Q on the pitch circle St, and the point S lies at the pitch spacing p from the point Q on the pitch circle St. The spacing between P and Q is likewise the pitch spacing p. The straight line P-Q is divided into equal parts by points P 1 -P 4 , in the example shown into five parts, and the arc R-S is divided into the same number of equal parts by the points R 1 -R 4 . The points Q 1 -Q 4  which lie on the central section of the curved path B are at the pitch spacing p from the respective points P 1 -P 4  and R 1 -P 4  and can now be constructed. The entire curved path B can be constructed in a similar way.  
      It should be noted that the curved path B illustrated in  FIG. 3  is formed in part by a stationary guide  10 A, arranged in the vicinity of the sprocket wheel  3 A, for guiding the links  5  of the chain  2  towards and along an entry part of the engagement section A. It should be clear on the basis of  FIG. 1  that with the aid of the stationary guide  10 A arranged in the vicinity of the sprocket wheel  3 A, the links  5  can also be guided along an exit part of the engagement section A and away from the engagement section. The remaining part of the curved path B is formed by the links  5  being supported on a guide  10 B which rotates with the sprocket wheel  3 A, as shown below.  
      Referring now to  FIGS. 4A  to  4 E, these figures present a detailed illustration of the guide according to the invention, showing how the links  5  are guided towards and along at least a part of the engagement section A, in such a manner that the center axes H follow the curved path B. The successive figures diagrammatically depict the situation in which the link  5  is moving from the left to the right and is continuously engaging to a greater extent on the sprocket wheel  3 A. The teeth of the sprocket wheel  3 A are not shown for the sake of clarity. The guide  10  comprises a fixed first part  10 A and a rotatable second part  10 B. There is a transition between the fixed first part  10 A and the rotating second part  10 B of the guide  10 . The links  5  each comprise at least two guide surfaces which, in order to bridge this transition, are for a brief time simultaneously supported on the different guides  10 A and  10 B. The first guide surface of each link  5  is in this exemplary embodiment formed by the front bush  9 , while the second guide surface is formed by the front support surface n on the underside of the link  5  which is lengthened at the ends of the underside. The first stationary part  10 A of the guide  10  is designed as a straight guide and interacts with the bush  9 . The second part  10 B of the guide is in this exemplary embodiment designed as a rotating cylindrical guide surface which is arranged in the vicinity of the teeth on the sprocket wheel  3 A and has a radius R c  which is smaller than the radius of the circle arc St. The second part of the guide  10 B interacts with the support surface n. The figures, analogously to  FIG. 3 , show the path which the center axes H of the pins pass through when they are being guided towards and along a part of the engagement section A.  
       FIG. 4A  shows how the front bush  9  of the link  5 ′, the center axis H of which is in position Q of the curved path B, is supported on the stationary guide  10 A and also how the front support surface n is supported in the rotating guide  10 B. As the link  5 ′ moves further to the right, it will no longer be supported at the front by the stationary guide  10 A. However, since the link  5 ′ continues to be supported by support surface n in the rotating guide  10 B, the front center axis H of link  5 ′ will continue to follow the curved path B.  FIGS. 48-45  show how the front support surface n of the link  5 ′, during further displacement of the link  5 ′, continues to be supported by the rotating guide  10 B. In this case, the front center axis H moves ever further toward the center of the sprocket wheel  3 A until the link  5 ′ is bearing in full contact against it and both center axes H of the link  5 ′ are moving along the circle arc St. The link  5 ′ then rotates only about the center of the sprocket wheel  3 A. It will be clear that the shape of the support surface n is the crucial actor in determining the path of the center axes H, and conversely that the shape of the support surface n is determined by the curved path B and the radius R c  of the cylindrical rotating guide  10 B. The size of the support surface n is determined by the maximum permissible length of the link  5 . The maximum length of the link  5  is dependent on the minimum number of teeth of the wheel  3 A with which the chain  2  has to be able to interact. If there is a smaller number of teeth, the angle about which the links  5  have to be able to rotate with respect to one another about pivot axis H is greater, so that the links have to be shorter in order to prevent the successive links  5  from colliding with one another.  
      The curved path B is theoretically dependent on the radius of the circle arc St and therefore also on the number of teeth on the wheel. This means that the shape of the support surface n is also dependent on the number of teeth on the wheel and that the polygon effect can only be completely eliminated if a chain is used for wheels having the same number of teeth. In practice, it has been found that the polygon effect occurs in particular with wheels with a smaller number of teeth and that the shape of the support surface n scarcely differs for wheels with a larger number of teeth. As a result of the support surfaces n of the chain  2  being designed for the smallest possible wheels, it will be ensured that no polygon effect will occur with larger wheels. If appropriate, the straight guide  10 A may even be omitted.  
      It should be noted that there are conditions which require for chains  2  to have the pitch p of an inner link  5 A to differ from the pitch p of an outer link  5 B. It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the successive center axes H of the hinges then have to pass through two different curved paths B. This is achieved by designing the support surfaces n of the inner links  5 A and the outer links  5 B differently in these cases. In practice, in most cases it has been found that for a limited difference in the pitch p of the inner link  5 A and the outer link  5 B, the difference in the support surfaces n is negligible.  
       FIG. 5  shows a chain  2  which is supported around a rotating guide  10 B and has links  5 ,  5 ′ and  5 ″. The links  5  can be supported by means of the support surfaces n against the rotating guide  10 B, while between the support surfaces n the long side L of the link  5  has a radius R s  which is smaller than the radius R c  of the support cylinder, so that the link  5  at that location does not rest against the rotating guide  10 B and it is ensured that the ends of the link  5  rest against the rotating guide  10 B by means of the support surfaces n. In the center of the long side L, the link is provided with a tongue  12  which can come into engagement with a groove  13  in the rotating guide  10 B. This tongue-groove coupling transmits force between the chain  2  and the wheel  3 A. For correct operation, it is necessary for the groove to be present only at the location of the tongue  12  of the link plate of the inner link  5 A or of the link plate of the outer link  5 B, so that the support surfaces n of the earlier and subsequent links  5  present in the vicinity of the tongue  12  can be supported on the rotating guide  10 B and do not fall in the groove  13 . It is preferable for the wheel  3 A to be composed of discs with a thickness which corresponds to the thickness of the link plates of the inner link  5 A and/or of the outer link  5 B, which are machined separately. It will be clear that the tongues could also be arranged on the rotating guide  10 B, while the link  5  may then have a groove which interacts with the tongue. It must then be ensured that the support surfaces n always remain clear of the tongues.  FIG. 5  also shows that the links  5  are symmetrical so that wheels can run on both sides of the chain  2 . This means that there are four guide surfaces n. This option can be used for transmissions with a plurality of shafts around which the chain  2  has to be guided. This also enables the chain  2  to be reversed in order to achieve additional service life when it is worn out.  
      There are numerous ways in which the fixedly arranged first stationary part  10 A of the guide can be designed. FIGS.  6  to  11  diagrammatically depict a number of examples. In the examples shown, the stationary part  10 A of the guide is a straight section, the distance b always being very short, with the result that the curved path B more or less coincides with the connecting line r which is tangent to the circle arc St. There are also numerous other conceivable variations.  
      Referring now to  FIGS. 6A and 63 , these figures respectively depict a diagrammatic cross section VIA-VIA through  FIG. 6B  and a diagrammatic side view of an alternative embodiment of the fixedly arranged first, stationary part  10 A of the guide of the chain transmission  1 , the chain pins  6  being of lengthened design, in such a manner that the link plates of the chain  2  are enclosed. On one or both sides of the chain  2 , the chain  2  is guided via a groove  203  and/or  204  in the housing, forming the fixedly arranged first part of the guide. In the figure, the groove  203 / 204  surrounds the pin  6  on two sides by means of the contours  205  and  206 . Contour  205  or  206  may be omitted, depending on the design of the chain transmission  1 . The groove  203 / 204  continues as far as point Q, in such a manner that when the pin  6  leaves the groove  203 / 204 , the support surface n is supported by the rotating guide  10 B. As has already been stated, the path of the center axes H of the pivot axes of the chain  2  is determined only by the stationary guide  10 A and the rotating guide  10 B. The toothing of the sprocket wheel  3 A does not contribute to this guide. This is expressly shown in  FIG. 68 , in that during the interaction between the chain  2  and the wheel  3 A, the bush  9  is not supported by a tooth space, but rather by support surface n being supported against the rotating guide  10 B. To transmit the force, the bush  9  rests against the tooth flank and there is a gap k between the bush  9  and the tooth space.  
       FIGS. 7A and 78  respectively show a cross section VIIA-VIIA through  FIG. 7B  and a side view of an exemplary embodiment in which the bush  9  of a bush chain  2  having links  5 ,  5 ′ and  5 ″ is supported by the stationary guide  10 A. There is a circular groove  305  in the sprocket wheel  3 A, in which groove is located the first part of the guide, which is designed as straight guide  302 . Bush  9  of the chain  2  is in this case supported by straight guide  302 . For successful and accurate assembly, the straight guide is of U-shaped design, so that it is supported, in terms of its position, by the circular groove  305 . The straight guide  302  can be mounted in a fixed position by means of a bolt  306 . If appropriate, the straight guide  302  can be resiliently secured to groove  305  of the sprocket wheel  3 A by means of tongue  307 , preventing the straight guide  302  from becoming detached. There is then no need for a bolt  306 . Obviously, in this solution it must be ensured that there is sufficient lubrication between the straight guide  302  and the sprocket wheel  3 A.  
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  respectively show a cross section VIIIA-VIIIA through  FIG. 8B  and a side view of an embodiment in which the chain  2  is designed as a duplex chain. This enables the strength of the chain to be increased considerably. The outer link plates of the links  5 , which are denoted by reference numerals  401 ,  402 ,  403  and  404 , are provided, on the long sides in the vicinity of the corners, with guide surfaces n, so that the links  5  can be supported against the rotating guide  10 B. The inner link plates of the links  5 , which are denoted by reference numerals  406 ,  407 ,  408  and  409 , are preferably designed without guide surfaces n and have a contour circle with a radius R 1 , which corresponds to the difference between the radius of the pitch circle St and the radius R c  of the support cylinder. The contour circles of these links are guided via the straight guide  410  which, by way of example, is of U-shaped design and is accurately positioned by the circular groove  411  formed in the sprocket wheel. The straight guide is effective up to point Q′.  
       FIGS. 9A and 9B  respectively show a cross section IXA-IXA through  FIG. 9B  and a side view of an embodiment in which the chain  2  is guided by means of the lengthened pin  6  which slides over contour  505  of the fixedly arranged first part of the guide, which is designed as straight guide  503  and  504 . The straight guide stops at point Q′. The straight guide  503  and  504  is designed as a plate which is secured to the housing by means of a bolt. For accurate positioning of the plate with respect to the sprocket wheel, in this case an annular support  506  has been selected, which is guided by the inner side  507  of a ring  508  of the cylindrical rotating guide  10 B.  
      In  FIGS. 10A and 10B , the straight guide  10 A has been realized by means of strips  601  and  602 , which are fixedly secured to the outer link plates  603  and  604 . At the bottom side, the strips are provided with a circular rounded section  605  with the center axis H as its center point. The strips slide over a contour of straight guide  607  which forms a stationary guide  10 A and is effective up to point Q′. The straight guide can be secured by means of bolts. In this example, the straight guide is provided with a groove  608  in which the guide circle  609  runs.  
       FIG. 11  shows a side view illustrating that the fixedly arranged first part of the stationary guide  10 A and the rotatably arranged second part  10 B of the guide  10  directly adjoin one another, the stationary straight guide  10 A ending beneath point Q. This embodiment has the significant advantage that it is of compact design in the axial direction. It should be noted that the fixedly arranged first part  10 A of the guide  10  and the rotatably arranged second part  10 B of the guide  10  can likewise adjoin one another at an angle or may even be positioned at a certain distance from one another in the running direction of the chain and/or transversely with respect thereto.  
       FIG. 12  shows a diagrammatic cross section through a chain without pins in accordance with the invention. The chain  2  is composed of links  5 ,  5 ′,  5 ″, etc., alternately comprising outer links  20  and inner links  21 . Two holes  14  with center axes H are arranged in the inner links  21 . The outer links  20  are made from plate material with a thickness which is approximately half the thickness of the inner links  21 . Chipless deformation has been used to form cylindrical journals  5  with center axes H, which journals  15  fit accurately n the holes  14 . The journals  15  are arranged in the holes  14  from either side and the outer links  20  are secured to one another, in this case by rivets  16 . A simple chain  2  of this type is particularly suitable when using wheels without teeth, for example when the rotation of the wheels is coupled to the chain by means of tongues and grooves as described in  FIG. 5 .  
      In addition to the use of the chain according to the invention shown above in a chain transmission as shown in  FIG. 1 , the chain according to the invention can also be used when a chain is guided around a wheel with a small diameter, in which case the wheel is used only to transmit force and not to transmit any moment. One application is that of moving the fork of a forklift truck by means of a hydraulic cylinder, in which case the wheel is secured to the piston rod. The chain forms an arc of 180° around the wheel and one end is secured to the lifting mast and the other end to the fork which is to be moved. It is preferable for the chain which is provided with support surfaces in accordance with the invention, in the vicinity of the wheel, to slide along a stationary guide by means of the side of the link plates. In this arrangement, during movement of the piston rod the fork will move without shocks, even if the wheel has a small diameter compared to the pitch p, as is desired in view of the space available.  
      It should be noted that the invention is not restricted to the preferred embodiments described here. For example, the rotatable guide may be of a shape other than circular. It is also possible for the rotatably arranged second part to be provided with tongues, recesses or repeating arcs. In an embodiment of this type, the link plates of the links of the chain may if appropriate have a conventional octagonal or oval periphery.  
      Variants of this type will be clear to the person skilled in the art and are deemed to lie within the scope of the invention as represented in the claims which follow.