Patent Publication Number: US-7707934-B2

Title: Printing formes of a printing press, and web-fed rotary presses

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is the U.S. national phase, under 35 USC 371, of PCT/EP2005/051965, filed Apr. 29, 2005; published as WO 2005/105445 A1 on Nov. 10, 2005, and claiming priority to DE 10 2004 022 231.2, filed May 4, 2004; to DE 10 2004 030062.3, filed Jun. 23, 2004; to DE 10 2004 033 920.1, filed Jul. 14, 2004 and to U.S. 60/631,421, filed Nov. 30, 2004, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention is directed to printing formes of a printing press and web-fed rotary printing presses. The printing forme is a panorama printing form and contains side-by-side print images of a number of printed pages of a defined format. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   DE 25 28 008 A1 shows a printing press for use in a direct printing process, and having forme cylinders which can be equipped with six printing plates in the axial direction and with two printing plates in the circumferential direction, and also having counter-pressure cylinders, on which three printing blankets can be arranged in the axial direction and one printing blanket can be arranged in the circumferential direction. Both the printing plates, which are arranged side-by-side, as well as the printing blankets, which are also arranged side-by-side, are each offset, with respect to each other, in the circumferential direction. 
   DE 24 22 696 C2 shows a satellite printing unit of a width of six plates with offset printing groups, and having nine or ten cylinders. The two center ones of six printing forms, which are arranged side-by-side in the axial direction, are arranged offset, in the circumferential direction, with respect to the outer ones of the printing formes on the forme cylinder. 
   A triple-wide web-fed rotary printing press, with two formers arranged on two different levels placed on top of each other, is known from DE 41 28 797 A1. 
   A folding structure is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,501. Two formers are arranged on top of each other, in which formers, following their passage through winding rollers, the webs are longitudinally cut upstream of a third former. The partial webs are turned by 90° by a third former and, after having been combined into two continuous webs, are subsequently fed to the two formers which are arranged on top of each other. 
   A folding structure with two groups of three formers each, which two groups of formers are vertically offset with respect to each other, is known from EP 1 072 551 A2. 
   A folding structure is known from WO 97/17 200 A2, in which cut partial webs, which are transversely offset with respect to each other, are fed to different formers. The formers, which are arranged horizontally side-by-side, are arranged partially offset with respect to each other. 
   A longitudinal cutting arrangement for variably cut widths is known from EP 1 238 395 A2. This cutting arrangement has upper cutters which are movable in the axial direction, and a lower cutter shaft with a number of grooves exceeding the number of the upper cutters. 
   DE 42 04 254 A1 discloses a folding structure of a printing press which is four newspaper pages wide. Two formers, which can be shifted transversely with respect to the web running direction, are arranged on a lower former level, and a single stationary former is arranged on a level above the lower former level. In one mode of operation, a newspaper with four pages is produced using the two lower formers. In another mode of a operation six pages of a telephone directory are provided side-by-side by the three formers. In the latter case, the two lower formers are moved apart. 
   EP 1 072 551 A2 shows a former arrangement with two groups of three cylinders each. The formers of one group are located on one level and overlap each other, at least viewed in their horizontal direction, in the vertical extension. 
   It is known from DE 196 28 647 A1 to imprint a web with panorama printed pages, which panorama printed pages have printing extending over two adjacent newspaper pages, without interruption. 
   In connection with double-width printing groups, DE 100 16 409 A1 discloses a transfer cylinder having two printing blankets situated side-by-side. Triple-width cylinders are also mentioned, in addition to single-width and double-width cylinders. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The object of the present invention is directed to providing printing formes of a printing press and web-fed rotary printing presses. 
   In accordance with the present invention, this object is attained by the provision of a printing forme for use in a printing group of a printing press. The printing forme is configured as a panorama printing forme and contains side-by-side print images of a number of printed pages of a defined format. A width of the printing forme can correspond to a number of standing printed pages of a newspaper format. The print images of the standing printed pages of a newspaper format are arranged asymmetrically with respect to an imaginary center of axis of the printing forme and extend, in the longitudinal direction, over half the width of the printing forme. 
   The advantages to be achieved by the present invention consist, in particular, in making possible a cost-effective and a highly productive way of constructing a web-fed rotary printing press for use in the dependable production of different formats of production. 
   This objective is made possible, in particular, in connection with a six pages wide press, for example by the use of two side-by-side arranged, three page wide rubber blankets. The webs of different width, such as, for example, webs of material, are each conducted centered with respect to the transfer cylinder. The joint between the two printing blankets on the center double side comes to lie in the non-printed area in the area of the longitudinal fold. 
   It is of particular advantage if one or several devices of web guidance and/or web processing elements, which work together with the web, can be variably adjusted to the different web widths. These devices are, for example, pressure rollers in the draw-in units, catcher rollers of a catcher device, cutters of a longitudinal cutting device, pressure rollers of a traction group and/or side-by-side arranged formers of a folding structure. In an advantageous manner, the web is conducted through the press symmetrically with respect to the center axis of the printing press, such as, for example, centered with respect to the cylinder width. In case of the existence of an odd number of guidance and/or processing elements, in a preferred further development of the present invention, a center one of these guidance or processing elements is arranged in the above-mentioned plane of symmetry. This element can be arranged fixed in the transverse direction, with respect to the transport direction, while the outer guidance and/or processing elements should be configured to be movable transversely with respect to the transport direction and therefore adjustable to the web width. 
   In a triple-width embodiment of the printing press in accordance with the present invention, additional advantages exist in that, in comparison with a double-width printing press, the production dependability is considerably increased while achieving the same desired product amount. Also, while maintaining the number of printing units, it is also possible to increase the output of the printing press, or of each printing group, by 50%. It is possible to reduce the number of roll changers, thus reducing the investment, the frequency of roll changes, thereby improving production dependability, as well as the set-up time in the course of drawing in the webs, thereby reducing cycling times, in comparison with a double-wide printing press, for the same product amount. 
   In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the printing units are configured as nine-cylinder satellite printing units which configuration results, on the one hand, in great precision in the color register, and on the other hand, results in a vibration-free construction. The configuration as a satellite printing unit is also advantageous because, with the requirement for imprinting different web widths in the rubber-against-rubber printing group, there would be direct contact zones without a paper web in at least one web width. This would lead to greatly changed conveying behavior, which, to some extent, could result in considerable register deviations and creases. 
   Vibrations are also reduced by the advantageous arrangement, embodiment and fastening of dressings on the cylinders in accordance with the present invention. Openings on the shell faces, in the circumferential direction are, for one, minimized. Moreover, it is possible to arrange the openings, at least on the transfer cylinder, alternatingly offset, with respect to each other, in the circumferential direction. A closed shell face always works together, at least over a section length, with the forme or satellite cylinder. 
   A coverage with only two dressings, each of a width of three printed pages, which coverage is symmetrical to the width of the transfer cylinder, is particularly advantageous. In contrast to the printing blankets of a width of two printed pages, which was previously customary, with different web widths it is possible to perform printing operations without a previous change of printing blankets. 
   The driving of the satellite cylinder, or cylinders, independently of the cylinder pairs, has particularly great advantages in view of a possible variable operation. For example, it is possible to perform set-up operations, such as, for example, a flying printing forme change, or washing, during production. It is otherwise also possible to draw-in a web while other cylinders, or other pairs of cylinders, are stopped or pass through a set-up program. It is also of advantage, in the case of the presence of printing blankets with positively or negatively conveying properties, to operate the satellite cylinder at a surface speed which is different from the surface speeds of the remaining cylinders. 
   In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a superstructure of the printing press has at least one longitudinal cutting device with at least five cutters, which at least five cutters are spaced apart from each other transversely with respect to the running direction of the paper. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Preferred embodiments of the present invention are represented in the drawings and will be described in greater detail in what follows. 
     Shown are in: 
       FIG. 1 , a web-fed rotary printing press in a lateral view, in 
       FIG. 2 , a schematic side view of a printing group, in 
       FIG. 3 , a schematic top plan view of a printing group, in 
       FIG. 4 , a schematic representation of cylinders in a perspective plan view, together with a product to be further processed, in 
       FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b , a former group with a wide web and with a narrow web, in 
       FIG. 6 , coverage of the printing group cylinders during newspaper printing in a first format, in 
       FIG. 7 , coverage of the printing group cylinders during newspaper printing in a second format, in 
       FIG. 8 , coverage of the printing group cylinders during newspaper printing with panorama printing formes, in 
       FIG. 9 , coverage of the forme cylinder in the course of asymmetrical division, in 
       FIG. 10 , further coverage of the forme cylinder in the course of asymmetrical division, in 
       FIG. 11 , a schematic representation of a three former production, straight ahead, for variable web widths, in 
       FIG. 12 , a schematic representation of a four former production, offset, for variable web widths, in 
       FIG. 13 , a schematic top plan view of a production in a special tabloid format, in 
       FIG. 14 , a schematic view of a production in accordance with  FIG. 13 , in 
       FIG. 15 , a schematic view of a production, straight ahead, in a special tabloid format, in 
       FIG. 16 , a schematic view of a production in accordance with  FIG. 15 , in 
       FIG. 17 , a schematic view of a production in a special format with a plow fold, in 
       FIG. 18 , a further schematic view of a production in a special format with a plow fold, in 
       FIG. 19 , a dressing in a perspective representation, in 
       FIG. 20 , a holding element in a groove of a forme cylinder, in 
       FIG. 21 , a slightly vertically offset former arrangement, in 
       FIG. 22 , a former with removable edge areas, in 
       FIG. 23 , a schematic representation of shutters in a dampening unit, in 
       FIG. 24 , a schematic representation of a roll changer, in 
       FIG. 25 , a first preferred embodiment of a traction group, in 
       FIGS. 26   a  and  26   b , a second preferred embodiment of a traction group with a wide web and with a narrow web, in 
       FIGS. 27   a  and  27   b , a preferred embodiment of a longitudinal cutting device with a wide web and with a narrow web, in 
       FIGS. 28   a  and  28   b , a first preferred embodiment of a turning arrangement with a wide web and with a narrow web, in 
       FIGS. 29   a  and  29   b , a second preferred embodiment of a turning arrangement with a wide web and with a narrow web, 
       FIGS. 30   a  and  30   b , two variations of a machine configuration with a turned folding structure, in 
       FIG. 31 , a machine configuration with two sections, in 
       FIG. 32 , a folding structure with a folding apparatus, in 
       FIGS. 33   a  and  33   b , a schematic representation of a printing group of a width of four newspaper pages in the course of printing a wider web and a narrower web, in 
       FIG. 34 , a further preferred embodiment of a printing press, in 
       FIG. 35 , a further preferred embodiment of a printing press, and in 
       FIG. 36 , a further preferred embodiment of a printing press. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   A web-fed rotary printing press, such as is represented in  FIG. 1  by way of example, and in particular a newspaper printing press, has a left section and a right section, each with at least two printing towers  01 . The printing towers  01  each have printing units  02  which are, for example, of at least triple width, and are embodied for printing six newspaper pages which are arranged respectively axially side-by-side. The printing units  02  are embodied as satellite printing units  02 . An advantageous embodiment of each of the printing units  02 , in the form of nine-cylinder satellite printing units  02 , assures very good maintenance of the lateral register, or a small fan out. However, the printing units  02  can also be configured as ten-cylinder satellite printing units  02  or, if desired, as printing units which can be operated rubber-against-rubber, such as several bridge printing units, or as an H-printing unit  02 , for example. The printing units  02  are supplied with webs  03  of material, such as, for example, with webs  03  from rolls, which are not specifically represented, in particular by the use of roll changers  05 , via so-called draw-in groups  10 , which are represented only once in  FIG. 1  by way of example. In this case, more roll changers  05  and draw-in groups  10  can be provided than printing towers  01 . 
   Downstream of a web  03  which is passing through the printing towers  01  or printing units  02 , and in this case, above the printing towers  01 , a superstructure  04  is provided for each section, in which the web  03 , or webs  03 , can be cut in longitudinal cutting devices  06 , and in which partial webs can be offset and/or tipped, if required, by use of turning bar arrangements  07 , so that the partial webs can be aligned, in respect to each other, in longitudinal registration by registration arrangements  08 , which are only depicted schematically in  FIG. 1 , and can be conducted on top of each other. Viewed downstream in the web running direction, the superstructure  04  has at least one so-called harp  09  with a number of harp or winding rollers, which guide the webs  03 , or the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c . The harp  09  determines the former entry of the webs  03 , or the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c , which are conducted above each other. The webs  03 , or the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c , undergo a directional change by the use of this harp  09 , and are subsequently combined into a continuous web or into several such continuous webs, and are conducted to at least one folding structure  11 . 
   In the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1 , two folding structures  11  are arranged between the printing tower sections, each of which has formers, which are, for example, arranged on two different levels on top of each other. However, the printing press can also merely have one common folding structure  11  which is arranged between the sections, or can also have only one section and an associated folding structure  11 . The respective folding structure  11  can also be embodied with merely one level of formers. One or several folding apparatuses  12  are assigned to each folding structure  11 . 
   Each printing unit  02  has a plurality, and in the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1 , has four printing groups  13 , by the use of which printing groups  13 , ink can be applied to the web  03  by at least one cylinder  16  which is embodied as a forme cylinder  16 , as seen in  FIG. 2 . In the embodiment of the printing unit  02  as a satellite printing unit  02 , each printing group  13  is configured as an offset printing group  13  for wet offset printing and has, in addition to the inking unit  14 , a dampening unit  20  and a further cylinder  17 , which is embodied as a transfer cylinder  17 . Together with a printing cylinder  18 , which constitutes a thrust element, the transfer cylinder  17  forms a print position. As represented by the example in  FIG. 2 , the printing cylinder  18  is preferably embodied as a satellite printing cylinder  18  which, together with at least one further transfer cylinder  17 , constitutes at least one further printing group  13  and, in the print-on position, forms a further print position. In an embodiment of the printing groups  13  as double printing groups with rubber-against-rubber printing, the printing cylinder  18  could possibly also be embodied as a transfer cylinder. If not required for the purpose of making distinctions, similar elements are provided with the same reference numerals. However, a difference in the spatial position can exist, and, as a rule, such difference in spatial position is not considered in the case of the assignment of similar reference numerals. 
   In an advantageous embodiment, the inking unit  14  has an ink fountain  15  extending over six printed pages. In a different embodiment, three ink fountains  15 , each approximately two printed pages wide, are arranged side-by-side in the axial direction of the forme cylinder  16 . In an advantageous embodiment, the dampening unit  20  is embodied as a four-roller spray dampening unit  20 . 
   In a first embodiment, the forme cylinder  16  has, for example, a circumference of between 850 and 1,000 mm, and in particular between 900 and 940 mm. The circumference is configured for receipt of two standing printed pages, such as, for example, two newspaper papers in broadsheet format, by the use of two dressings  19 , such as, for example, two flexible printing formes  19 , which can be fixed, one behind the other, in a circumferential direction on the forme cylinder  16 . The printing forms  19  can be mounted in the circumferential direction on the forme cylinder  16  and, in the representation shown in  FIG. 3 , are respectively interchangeable as individual printing plates which are each provided with a printed page, in the axial direction of the forme cylinder  16 . 
   In the first preferred embodiment, a length L 16 , as seen in  FIG. 3 , of the usable barrel of the forme cylinder  16  is from 1,850 to 2,400 mm, for example, and in particular is from 1,900 to 2,300 mm, and, in the axial direction, the usable barrel is dimensioned for receiving, for example, at least six side-by-side arranged standing printed pages, and in particular six newspaper pages of various formats, such as, for example, in broadsheet format or in a format different therefrom, as may be seen in  FIG. 3 , at sections A to F. In this case, it depends, among other things, on the product to be provided whether only one printed page, or several printed pages are arranged side-by-side in the axial direction on a printing forme  19 . 
   In a larger embodiment, the forme cylinder  16  has, for example, a circumference of between 980 and 1,300 mm, and in particular of from 1,000 to 1,200 mm. The length L 16  of the usable barrel here is, for example, from 1,950 to 2,500 mm, and advantageously is from 1,950 to 2,400 mm, and in particular is from 2,000 to 2,400 mm. The plate placement corresponds to the above mentioned embodiment. 
   In the first embodiment, the transfer cylinder  17  also has a circumference of, for example, between 850 and 1,000 mm, and in particular from 900 to 940 mm. For example, the length L 17  of the usable barrel of the transfer cylinder  17  is, in the first embodiment, also from 1,850 to 2,400 mm, and in particular is from 1,900 to 2,300 mm. 
   In the longitudinal direction, the transfer cylinder  17  is covered by dressings  21 , each of a width of only three printed pages, such as, for example, printing or rubber blankets  21 , depicted as sections ABC and EFG. In the circumferential direction, these blankets  21  extend substantially over the full circumference of the transfer cylinder  17 . The rubber blankets  21  are arranged offset in the circumferential direction, for example by 180°, with respect to each other, as seen in  FIG. 3  and advantageously affect the vibration behavior of the printing group  13  during operations. 
   In the larger embodiment, the transfer cylinder  17  has, for example, a circumference between 980 and 1,300 mm, and in particular from 1,000 to 1,200 mm. The length L 17  of the usable barrel here is, for example, 1,950 to 2,500 mm, advantageously is 1,950 to 2,400 mm, and in particular is 2,000 to 2,400 mm. The placement of dressings  21  corresponds to the first embodiment. 
   The diameters of the barrels of the cylinders  16 ,  17  in the first, above-mentioned embodiment are, for example, between 270 and 320 mm, and in particular are approximately from 285 to 300 mm. In the second, above-mentioned embodiment, the diameters of the barrels of the cylinder  16 ,  17  lie, for example, between approximately 310 and 410 mm, and in particular lie between 320 and approximately 380 mm. A ratio of the length of the usable barrel of the cylinders  16 ,  17  and their diameters should be between 5.8 to 8.8, and, for example, should be around 6.3 to 8.0, in the wide embodiment, and in particular between 6.5 to 8.0. 
   In this case, the length L 16 , L 17  of the usable barrel is to be understood to be that length or width of the barrel which is suitable for receiving dressings  19 ,  21 . This also corresponds approximately to a maximally possible web width of a web  03  to be imprinted. Related to a total length of the barrel of the cylinders  16 ,  17 , it would be necessary to add to this length L 16 ,  17  of the usable barrel the width of also possibly provided bearer rings, of also possibly provided grooves and/or of also possibly provided shell face areas which must be accessible for operating various bracing and/or clamping devices. 
   In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the satellite cylinder  18  also has substantially the above-mentioned dimensions and ratios of at least the associated transfer cylinder  17 . 
   As already mentioned above, the printing press is laid out for various product formats, or in other words for imprinting webs  03  of various widths. In this context, this does not mean a different width because of webs of partial width, such as would be the case with webs of “half”, “one-third” or “two-third” width of the same basic width. In this case, the different web width is connected with a different product format, in which there is the same number of possible pages. 
   In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the forme and transfer cylinders  16 ,  17  are covered with dressings  19 ,  21 , as represented in  FIG. 3 . A particularly advantageous arrangement of grooves  27 ,  36 ,  37 , for use in fastening the dressings,  19 ,  21  is represented in  FIG. 4 . On the forme cylinder  16 , two grooves  27 , each extending over the effective length of the forme cylinder  16  and being spaced apart from each other by 180° in the circumferential direction, or two groove openings  28  or openings  28 , are provided. At the transfer cylinder  17 , two grooves  36 ,  37 , each extending over half the effective length and offset by 180° in the circumferential direction, or groove openings  38 ,  39  or openings  38 ,  39 , are also provided. In  FIG. 4 , the grooves  27 ,  36 ,  37  are only represented in a slit form for the insertion of ends of blankets, but can open into the interior, as represented below, for receiving an appropriate blanket or dressing end bracing and/or clamping device. 
   The printing group  13 , having a forme cylinder and a transfer cylinder  16 ,  17 , for imprinting a variable web width, is schematically represented in  FIG. 4 , together with a folding structure  11 , which will be described in greater detail below, and being operable with two web widths. In a first mode of operation, a web  03 . 1  of a first width b 1  is used for imprinting with a first printed page format F 1 , and in a second mode of operation, a web  03 . 2  of a second width b 2  is used for imprinting and can be imprinted with a smaller, second printed page F 2 . The transfer cylinder  17  has a width, in the axial direction, of at least six widths of a newspaper page of the larger printed page F 1  and has two printing blankets next to each other in the axial direction, each of which printing blankets has a width, in the axial direction, of three widths of a newspaper page of at least the smaller format F 2 , such as, for example, of printed page format F 2 , and better yet of the larger format F 1 , such as, for example, printed page format F 1 . 
   A number of the printed newspaper pages, when viewed in the axial direction, is, for example, the same in the first mode of operation, for newspaper printing, F 1 , and the second mode of operation, for newspaper printing, F 2 . Preferably, it amounts to six pages of the respective format F 1 , F 2 . 
   The greater width b 1  is suited for imprinting six side-by-side arranged newspaper pages in the first format F 1  and lies, for example, between 1,800 to 2,500, advantageously lies between 1,900 to 2,400 mm, and in particular lies from 1,900 to 2,200 mm. The lesser width b 2  is suitable for imprinting six side-by-side arranged newspaper pages of the second format F 2  and lies, for example, between 1,750 to 2,100, advantageously lies between 1,750 to 2,050 mm, and preferably lies between 1,850 and 1,950 mm, wherein b 1 &gt;b 2  applies, however. The possible widths for newspaper printing are not to be applied only to the two above-mentioned widths or formats, but to every arbitrary one lying between them. This means that basically all webs  03  of the most different widths, or corresponding newspaper formats are variable, which lie, for example, between 1,750 mm and 2,400 mm, and which at least lie between 1,850 and 2,200 mm. 
   An imaginary printing press center axis M is also indicated in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . The two dressings  21  are arranged symmetrically with respect to this printing press center axis M. The web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2  passes through the printing groups  13 , independently of the width b 1 , b 2 , symmetrically with regard to this printing press center axis M. 
   In at least one of the modes of operation, the forme cylinder  16  of the printing group  13  has, for example, one printing forme  19 ″, as will be discussed below, which extends in the axial direction over at least three newspaper page widths of the actually used format F 1 , F 2 . In this case, it is provided with, in particular is exposed to, for example, side-by-side print images of three newspaper pages, or a print image corresponding to a total width of three newspaper pages. Also, the former tip of a center one of the three side-by-side arranged formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  of the folding structure  11  is located on the printing press center axis M, as will also be discussed below. 
     FIG. 5  schematically shows the circumstances in connection with a wide web  03 . 1 , as seen in  FIG. 5   a  and a narrow web  03 . 2 , as seen in  FIG. 5   b , wherein the main cutting lines S 1  and S 2  for the two different product widths, or web widths are also represented. Here, “main cutting lines” are understood to be the longitudinal cuts which separate the web  03  in an alignment between two adjacent formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 , so that the partial webs which are formed, can be conducted over the adjacent formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 . In this case, the additions “1” and “2” (S 1 . 1 , S 2 . 1 , S 1 . 2 , S 2 . 2 ) indicate that these are, respectively transversely to the transport direction, a first position and a second position, different from the first one, of the respective main cutting lines S 1 , S 2  corresponding to the two different formats F 1 , F 2  of the product, or the two different widths b 1 , b 2  of the webs  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 . The longitudinal cuts along the main cutting lines S 1  and S 2  can be made by the longitudinal cutting device  06  mentioned in connection with  FIG. 1 , or by a comparable longitudinal cutting device, which is not represented in  FIG. 1 , and which is located upstream of the former inlet. A particularly advantageous embodiment of a longitudinal cutting device,  06 ,  65  suitable for this is discussed below. 
   Folding levels, which represent the planes of symmetry of the respective formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  and in which the former tips are located, if they are correspondingly configured, are also represented in  FIGS. 5 to 10  and are identified by F 41 , F 42 , F 43 . In this case, it is possible to see that a distance A 1  between the folding planes F 41  and F 42 , as well as a distance A 2  between the folding planes F 42  and F 43  varies as a function of the width b 1 , b 2  of the web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2  and/or of the actual printed page format and/or the manner of the occupation with print images, symmetrical or asymmetrical. These varied distances are preferably achieved by moving the outer formers  41 ,  43 , while the center former  42  remains stationary. It is possible to provide extra cutting lines S 4 , S 5 , which are not represented in  FIGS. 5 , to  12 , however, for example, in addition to the above mentioned main cutting lines S 1 , S 2 , in the folding level F 41 , in the folding level F 42  and/or in the folding level F 43  wherein, in the case of an extra section, no longitudinally folded product, but a multi-layered product, which has been cut along the spine and which is lying loosely stacked, is formed. See the tabloid production depicted in  FIGS. 13 to 16 , as well as the special format with plow fold, shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 . 
   Advantageous placements and configurations of the dressings  19 ,  21 , in particular of the printing formes  19 , for the wider and the narrower webs  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2  are represented in  FIGS. 6 to 10 . However, the represented dressings  19 ,  21  depicted there do not correspond to a view from above, but instead correspond to a complete revolution of the respective cylinders  16 ,  17 . 
   In connection with all of the following embodiments of  FIGS. 6 to 10 , the transfer cylinder  17  is equipped with two dressings  21  of the larger format side-by-side in the axial direction, each of which is three printed pages wide. In an advantageous embodiment, these two dressings  21  can each extend over the entire cylinder circumference, and can either be aligned with their ends in the same joints in the groove openings  38 ,  39 , or can be arranged offset by 180° from each other in the circumferential direction. In another embodiment, two dressings  21  can respectively be arranged, one behind the other, in the circumferential direction. The ends of the two dressings  21 , which are respectively arranged side-by-side and which are of a width of three printed pages, are aligned with each other. In every case, it is advantageous if the two axially side-by-side arranged dressings  21  together extend at least over that length of the transfer cylinder  17  which is required for imprinting the wider web  03 . 1 . 
   A preferred variation for covering the transfer cylinder  17  is shown in dashed lines in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , and consists namely of two dressings  21 , each of a width of three printed pages, and each extending over the entire circumference. The embodiment of a width of three printed pages is represented in  FIGS. 8 ,  9  and  10  in the axial direction, but in which embodiment the length in the circumferential direction has been left open, and can be one of the above mentioned variations. 
     FIG. 6  shows the occupation of the forme cylinder  16  with printing formes  19 ,  19 ′ in the type or mode of operation in which the print images have the larger printed page format F 1 . The web width corresponds to the larger width b 1 . In this case all of the here depicted twelve printing forms, which are embodied as individual printing formes  19 , can be arranged. However, combinations of individual printing formes  19  and of panorama printing formes  19 ′ can also be placed, as shown, by way of example, in the lower right of  FIG. 6 . The latter have a width of several, such as, for example, of two or even three, individual printing formes  19  and either have a print image several pages wide, for panorama printing plates, or several, such as one or several pages wide print images, respectively of the first, larger print page format F 1 . A differentiation is made here between a panorama printing form  19 ′,  19 ″ and the panorama print image or printed page. In this sense, a panorama printing forme  19 ′,  19 ″ can have individual or panorama printed pages. The distances A 1  and A 2  in  FIG. 6  respectively correspond to twice the width b 19  of an individual printing forme  19 , or twice the width of a printed page bF 1  of the larger format F 1 , or the width b 19 ′ of a panorama printing forme  19 ′, or a panorama print image of the larger format F 1 . The printing formes  19 ,  19 ′,  19 ″ are preferably embodied as planographic printing formes for use in offset printing. 
   In contrast to  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7  shows the coverage of the forme cylinder  16  with printing forms  19 ″ which are provided in the type or mode of operation in which the forme cylinder  16  has print images of the smaller print page format F 2 . The web width corresponds to the smaller width b 2 . In this case, and in an advantageous embodiment, two panorama printing formes  19 ″ are each arranged symmetrically with respect to the printing press center axis M, each of which has a width of several, such as, for example, two, and in particular has a width of three, non-represented theoretically required individual printing formes of the smaller format F 2  and which have, either as represented in  FIG. 7  several, and, in particular three in this case, print images of a width of one printed page of the second, smaller printed page format F 2  or, as shown in  FIG. 8 , a respectively one print image of a width of several printed pages and a print image of a width of one printed page. In  FIG. 7  the forme cylinder  16  is constructed with twice the circumference, or two newspaper pages on the circumference with four such printing formes  19 ″, two arranged side-by-side and two positioned one behind the other, each of which printing formes  19 ″ has three side-by-side print images of the smaller printed page format F 2 . For forme cylinders  16  of single circumference, only two such printing formes  19 ″ would be provided side-by-side. In  FIG. 8 , the printing formes  19 ″ each have one print image of a width of several printed pages and one print image of a width of one printed page. However, mixed variations are also possible, but are not represented here. The distances A 1  and A 2  in  FIGS. 7 and 8  respectively correspond to twice the width of a potential, but not specifically represented, single page printing forme, or to twice the printed page width bF 2  of the smaller format F 2 . 
   Preferably, the printing formes  19 ″ of the smaller printed page format F 2  have not only the width of the three printed pages, but also extend to the end of the effective shell face of the forme cylinder  16 . Therefore, the two side-by-side arranged printing formes  19 ″ together have a width corresponding to the maximum, or the larger width b 1  of the wider web  03 . 1 . Therefore, a more even transport behavior is possible over the entire effective length L 16  of the forme cylinder  16 , regardless of the most recently used web width. The danger of a drying-out of the corresponding dressing  21  in the edge zones is also reduced, when using the narrower web  03 . 2 . In this case, the printing formes  19 ″ each have their print images located asymmetrically, about a center axis m  19 , as seen in  FIG. 7 , in respect to the width of each printing forme  19 ″, which each extends from the printing press center axis M to the end of the effective shell face of the forme cylinder  16 . The print images are asymmetrically exposed when they are produced, for example. The non-printing edge area is 50 to 100 mm. 
     FIGS. 9 and 10  show the coverage of the forme cylinder  16  with printing formes  19 ″ each of a width of three printed pages, printing formes  19 ″ which have been asymmetrically provided with print images. Two print images which are located on a printing forme  19 ″, such as for example, format, or printed page format F 4  and F 5  do not have a whole number ratio of their width. Here, for example, the cutting lines S 1 .x, S 2 .x are not located symmetrically in regard to the printing press center axis M. The distances A 1  and A 2  are, for example, different from each other. At least with one of the three formers  41  to  43 , shown here at  42  and  43 , the folding level F 41 , F 42 , F 43 , and here F 42 , F 43  does not coincide with the center of the associated partial web  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c,  here  03   b ,  03   c , so that the longitudinally folded, partial continuous web being formed has unequal leg lengths. 
     FIG. 11  shows the course of a web of a production, wherein the longitudinally cut partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c  of one or of several webs  03 ,  03 ′, which had been imprinted in a printing tower  01 , or in several similar printing towers  01 , run up straight, and without turning on the three side-by-side arranged formers  41  to  43 , are longitudinally folded there and are finally conducted to the folding apparatus  12 . The former  41 ,  42 ,  43 , which is schematically represented in a lateral view of  FIG. 11 , has a total usable leg length which corresponds to at least one-sixth of the width b 1  of the wider, or widest web  03 . 1  (b 1 /6). Also indicated here is a continuous web width which results, in the course of the production, with the narrower width b 2  in b 2 /6. 
     FIG. 12  is a representation, which is comparable to  FIG. 11 , wherein, in addition to the three formers  41  to  43 , a further former  44  is arranged, in particular laterally, with respect to the other three. By the use of this, at least one cut partial web  03   a  to  03   c  is turned out of the straight run in a so-called “4-former production”, is conducted over this fourth former  44  and is finally conducted to the folding apparatus  12  in addition to the other continuous webs. Each of the four formers  41  to  44  has a totally usable leg length corresponding to at least one sixth of the width b 1  of the wider, or widest, web  03 . 1  (b 1 /6). 
   In an advantageous variation, the printing press is operated, or can be operated, in one mode of operation for printing six side-by-side arranged standing printed pages of a format F 1 , F 2 , configured as a newspaper format F 1 , F 2 , on a suitably wide web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 , and in another mode of operation, the printing press can be operated for printing four side-by-side arranged horizontal printed pages of a format F 3  configured as a tabloid format F 3 . A first preferred embodiment is shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , and a second preferred embodiment is shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 . 
   Anticipating what will be stated in connection with  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the fourth former  44 , in the form of an additional former  44  in  FIG. 12 , can, in a first embodiment of the above mentioned variation, have a greater maximum width in comparison with the formers  41  to  43 , or in other works can have a usable maximum leg length, which clearly corresponds to more than one-sixth of the width b 1  of the wider, or widest, web  03 . 1  (b 1 /6), and in particular which corresponds to at least 120% of one-sixth of the width b 1  of the wider web. Because of this, it is also possible to operate a production, such as format F 3  which is represented in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , selectively in addition to a newspaper production, such as format F 1 , F 2 . In  FIG. 13 , the forme cylinder  16  which, in particular, is six newspaper pages wide, is again equipped with only two panorama printing forms  19 ″ in the axial direction which, however, have print images in tabloid format F 3 , and not in newspaper format. The incoming web  03 . 3  here has a further width b 3  which is different from the first and second web widths b 1 , b 2 . With their subsequent production length, following transverse folding, the print images lie in the axial direction of the forme cylinder  16  and each correspond to one-fourth of the width b 3  of the web  03 . 3  (b 3 /4), as seen in  FIG. 14 . After a completed, not represented, transverse fold, the product width substantially results in one-quarter of the circumference U FZ  of the forme cylinder (U FZ /4). For example, the width b 3  is less than the other two widths b 1 , b 2  and lies for example from 1,600 to 1,800 mm, and preferably is between 1,700 and 1,750 mm. The imprinted web  03 . 3  is here longitudinally cut in the center along a main cutting line S 3  of the tabloid format, preferably coincides with the printing press center axis M. Both partial webs  03   a,    03   b  are turned, by the use of respective turning bars  46  by 90°, out of their former transport direction toward a long side of the printing press, and are conducted out of the alignment of the three formers  41  to  43 , whereupon they are conducted either transversely, with respect to the printing press center axis M via an appropriately oriented former  44 , or, as represented, after an additional deflection at a further turning bar  46  by 90° via the correspondingly oriented former  44 , to the folding apparatus  12 . Again, the former  44  has a greater maximum width, in comparison with the formers  41  to  43 , or in other words has a usable maximum leg length which clearly corresponds to more than one-sixth of the width b 1  of the wider, or the widest web  03 . 1  (b 1 /6), and in particular which corresponds to at least 120% of one-sixth of the width b 1  of the wider web  03 . 1 . The tabloid product is finished in the folding apparatus  12 , by, among other processes, transverse cutting. Thus, the former  44 , in tabloid format F 3  or the group of formers  41  to  43 , in newspaper format F 1  and/or F 2  are selectively employed for the selective production of tabloid or of newspaper products. 
   In the second embodiment of the above mentioned variation, as seen in  FIGS. 15 and 16  the added former  44  is not arranged next to the press level or next to the group of formers  41  to  43 , but is situated within the alignment of the press, and in particular, is located above or below this group. This can be a single former  44  arranged in the path of the web  03  or, as represented, can preferably be two such formers  44  which can be arranged side-by-side in the path of the web  03  in such a way that the two, or half partial webs  03   a ,  03   b , or the partial webs  03   a . 1 ,  03   a . 2 , of a width of half a former, which are formed by two respective further cuts along the extra cutting lines S 4 , S 5 , and wherein only the partial web  03   a  is shown by way of example, run up on the formers  44  in a straight line, so that they need not necessarily be turned. Thus, in one mode of operation, such as, for example, in the case of newspaper production, production is run on the group of formers  41  to  43  of a width b 1  or b 2  of the original web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2  while, in another mode of operation such as, for example, in connection with tabloid production, production is run on the former  44 , or on the group of formers  44 , with the original web  03 . 3  of a width b 3 . Regarding the width of the former  44  and the width b 3 , what was said above again applies. 
   In an advantageous embodiment, the extra cutting lines S 4  and S 5  can be produced in the above-mentioned tabloid mode of operation by use of the same cutters, as discussed below as the main cutting lines S 1  and S 1  in the other mode of operation for newspaper printing, but which cutters are appropriately differently positioned. Thus, for example, three cutting units, which are arranged axially side-by-side, are sufficient. A center one, viewed in the axial direction, for example, is stationary in the printing press center axis M, and the two outer ones are arranged so they can be positioned, or moved, in the axial direction. 
     FIGS. 17 and 18  shown two further variations and modes of operation of the printing press in accordance with the present invention. Products can be made in a special format with a plow fold by the use of a web  03 , such as, for example, the wider web  03 , thereby resulting, in particular, in a tabloid format. Therefore, the forme cylinder  16  is again covered with the printing formes  19 ″ extending over the entire length, which formes have, in the area close to the front, respectively one narrow print image, or format F 6  and, in the center area in accordance with  FIG. 13  or  15 , have print images in tabloid a format, for example the above mentioned format F 3 , in their orientation. The edge areas with the narrow printed pages, in format F 6 , are respectively folded over in what follows by a plow folding device, which is not specifically represented, before the now folded narrower web  03 . 2  or  03 . 3 , for example originally the web  03 . 1  or  03 . 2  of a width b 1  or b 2 , is longitudinally cut, for example along the main cutting line S 3  of the tabloid format. The two partial webs  03   a ,  03   b , which are already folded in the edge areas, are now either conducted in the manner of the partial webs  03   a  and  03   b  in  FIG. 13  to a common former  44 , not represented or, as represented in  FIG. 17 , are conducted straight ahead to the group of two added formers  44 . Regarding the configuration of the former  44 , what has been said above also applies here. 
     FIG. 18  represents a further variation of the present invention, with regard to the variety of use of the printing press. The forme cylinder  16  has again been covered, over its entire length, with the two panorama printing formes  19 ″. The cutting line generating the two partial webs  03   a ,  03   b  along the main cutting line S 3  for the two added formers  44 , however, does not lie in the printing press center axis M, but instead is positioned asymmetrically with regard to the forme cylinder  16  and the imprinted web  03 . 1 . For example, on the one side of the forme cylinder  16 , there is a coverage from the outside to the inside with two pages in tabloid format F 3  and one printed page in the narrower format F 6 . Here, the longitudinal cut for forming the two partial webs  03   a ,  03   b  takes place between the inner one of the tabloid printed pages and the narrower printed page of format F 6 , and thus not in alignment with the printing press center axis M, and also not on the imprinted web  03  in the area of the joint of the two dressings  21  of the transfer cylinder  17 . This partial web  03   a  is now conducted onto one of the two formers  44 . As represented in  FIG. 18 , this takes place in one embodiment by laterally offsetting the partial web  03   a  by the use of two turning bars, not represented, in such a way that either the not imprinted area, which is located between tabloid printed pages, or the center of the partial web, are brought into alignment with the folding level F 44 . In a second embodiment, which is also not specifically represented, at least the respective former  44  is constructed to be movable transversely with respect to the web running direction and has been positioned in such a way that this partial web  03   a  can be conducted straight to it. The remaining partial web  03   b  contains, in addition to the print images of the right printing formes  19 ″, also the narrower print images, format F 6  of the left printing formes  19 ″ and receives a plow fold, at least because of the joint of the two dressings  21  of the transfer cylinder  17 , prior to being conducted to the other one of the two formers  44 , in particular in a straight line. The second partial web  03   b  preferably is also provided with a plow fold in an area of that web  03   b  which is located on the outside. In the example, print images are represented in further special formats F 7 , F 8 , which can be selectively arranged together or individually on the previously mentioned printing formes  19 ″. The one special format F 8  has a continuous print image of a length of two tabloid printed pages, and the other special format F 7  even has a print image of a length of three tabloid printed pages. 
   Therefore, as represented, in at least one of the modes of operation, the former cylinder  16  of the printing group  13  has a printing forme  19 ″ extending over at least three widths of newspaper pages. As explained above, in one of the modes of operation, the forme cylinder  16  has two printing formes  19 ″ positioned axially side-by-side and each extending respectively over three widths of a newspaper page, of the actually pertinent format F 1 , F 2 . In another mode of operation, the forme cylinder  16  of the printing group  13  has several printing formes  19  arranged side-by-side in the axial direction, and each respectively extending over the width of one newspaper page of the actually pertinent format F 1 . 
   In the mode of operation for imprinting the larger format F 1 , it is also possible to arrange triple-wide printing formes  19 ″ on the former cylinder  16 , which formes  19 ″ have then also been provided, in particular illustrated, with the print images of three newspaper pages of the larger format F 1 . 
   In at least one of the modes of operation, the forme cylinder  16  can have, located side-by-side in the axial direction, printing formes  19 ′,  19 ″ of the actually pertinent format F 1 , F 2 , and extending over the width of two newspaper pages. 
   In the represented embodiment, the forme cylinder  16  has a circumference of two printed pages, arranged one behind the other, of the larger newspaper format F 1  and is covered in the circumferential direction with two printing formes  19 ,  19 ′,  19 ″, arranged one behind the other. The ends of the printing formes  19 ,  19 ′,  19 ″, which are axially aligned one behind the other, are preferably arranged on the forme cylinder  16  in continuous groove openings  28 . Preferably, the printing formes  19 ,  19 ′,  19 ″ are then arranged in two groove openings  28 , or grooves  27 , which are offset with respect to each other, by 180° in the circumferential direction and which are continuous in the axial direction. 
   The width b 21  of each of the blankets  21 , as seen in  FIG. 19  corresponds, for example, in both modes of operation to the previously mentioned number, specifically three in this case, of printed pages of the larger format F 1 . As represented, for example in  FIG. 4 , the ends of the two blankets  21  are fastened, for example, in the two groove openings  38 ,  39  on the circumference of the transfer cylinder  17 , which openings are offset in the circumferential direction, and in particular by 180° with respect to each other. In the embodiment shown, the two groove openings  38 ,  39  each substantially extend over the width of the blanket  21 , and not over the entire length of the transfer cylinder  17 . 
   In another embodiment, the two groove openings  38 ,  39  respectively extend over a width corresponding to both blankets  21 . 
   The width b 21  of the triple-wide blanket  21  lies, for example, between 900 and 1,250 mm, in particular between 950 to 1,200 mm, and preferably between 1,000 and 1,100 mm. 
   A width b 19 ″ of the triple-wide printing forme  19 ″ also lies, for example, between 900 and 1,250 mm, in particular between 950 to 1,200 mm, and preferably lies between 1,000 and 1,100 mm. 
   In a not represented embodiment of the present invention, the two blankets  21 , which are arranged next to each other, are arranged axially aligned with respect to each other on the transfer cylinder  17  with their ends in a single groove opening  38 , which is continuously extending over the length of the transfer cylinder  17 . 
   The groove opening  28 , or  38 ,  39 , for receiving the ends of the printing forme and/or for receiving the blanket ends, in the area of the shell face, preferably has a width in the circumferential direction of at most 5 mm, and in particular, at most of 3 mm. 
   As schematically represented in  FIG. 19 , the dressings  19 ,  21  on the forme cylinder and on the transfer cylinder  16 ,  17  of the printing group  13  are structured as flexible plates, while the dressing  21 , which is embodied as a blanket  21 , preferably is embodied with multi-layered blankets  21 , such as, for example, as a so-called metal blanket  21 , having an elastic and/or compressible layer  22 , shown in dashed lines arranged on a dimensionally stable support plate  23 , such as, for example, a metal plate. The reference numerals relating solely to the metal blanket  21  are attached by dashed lines in  FIG. 19 . As a rule, a plate-shaped printing forme  19 , or a support plate  23  for a rubber blanket consists of a bendable, but otherwise dimensionally stable material, for example an aluminum alloy. It has two oppositely located ends  24 ,  26 , which are to be fastened on or in the cylinder  16 ,  17  and which are of a material thickness of, for example, 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.3 mm wherein, for being configured as suspension legs  24 ,  26 , these ends  24 ,  26  are each beveled or angled along a bending line, in relation to the extended length I of the dressing  19 ,  21 , at an angle α, β between 40° and 140°, preferably 45°, 90° or 135°, as seen in  FIG. 19 . For example, a leading edge  24  is beveled or angled at an acute angle α of between 40° and 50°, in particular 45°, and a trailing end  26  is beveled or angled at an angle β between 80° and 100°, in particular 90°. If only a single dressing  21  is applied in the circumferential direction of the cylinder  16 ,  17 , and in particular of the transfer cylinder  17 , the length I of the dressing  21  almost corresponds to the circumference of this cylinder  17 . 
   In principle, the beveled ends  24 ,  26  of the dressings  19 ,  21  can now each be inserted into a slit-shaped opening  28 ,  38 ,  29  on the circumference of the respective cylinder  16 ,  17 , which opening is axis-parallel in the longitudinal direction. The ends are held, for example by their shape, by friction or by deformation. However, they can also be additionally fixed in place by a spring force, by pressure or by devices which can be operated by centrifugal force during the operation. In an advantageous embodiment the slit-shaped openings  28  for printing plates  19 , which are arranged side-by-side in the axial direction on the forme cylinder  16 , are each arranged aligned, for example as a continuous slit-shaped opening  28 , while the openings  38 ,  39  for the two rubber blankets  21 , which are arranged side-by-side on the transfer cylinder  17 , are not continuous, but are offset with respect to each other by 180° in the circumferential direction. 
   What is described in what follows in regard to the dressing ends  24 ,  26  and the holding device  29 ,  31  in the groove of the forme cylinder  16  substantially also applies in an advantageous embodiment to the groove  36 ,  37  of the transfer cylinder  17 . Therefore, the corresponding reference numerals have also been indicated for the transfer cylinder  17  in parentheses in  FIG. 20 . 
   In an advantageous embodiment of the forme cylinder  16 , two grooves  27  are provided in the forme cylinder  16 . Both grooves  27  extend continuously in the axial direction of the cylinder  16  at least over the entire length of the six sections A to F in the barrel, as seen in  FIG. 3 . They are arranged, for example offset by 180° from each other, in the circumferential direction of the cylinder  16 . Grooves  27 , or  36 ,  37 , are arranged underneath a shell face  30  in the interior of the cylinder  16  or  17 , which grooves are embodied, as represented in  FIG. 20 , for example, in the form of circular bores, and which have a narrow slit-shaped opening  28 ,  38 ,  39  toward the shell face  30  of the cylinder  16 ,  17  and extending at least over the length of the six sections A to F. A slit width s 28 , s 38 , s 39 , of the opening  28 ,  38 ,  39  on the forme cylinder  16 ,  17  in the circumferential direction is less than 5 mm, and preferably lies in the range between 1 mm to 3 mm. 
   The beveled ends  24 ,  26  of the printing forme  19 ,  21  can now each be inserted into one of the openings  28 ,  38 ,  39 , which openings extend axis-parallel on the circumference in the longitudinal direction, and can be fixed in place, at least in connection with the trailing end  26 , by a holding device  29 ,  31  arranged in the groove  27  ( 36 ,  37 ). 
   Here, the holding device  29 ,  31  has at least one clamping piece  29 , for example a clamping element  29 , and a spring element  31 , as seen in  FIG. 20 . The trailing suspension leg  26 , which is not represented, and which is beveled at right angles, as seen in  FIG. 19 , preferably comes into contact with a wall of the opening  28   38 ,  39 , which wall is substantially formed complementary to the bevel, and is there pressed by the clamping piece  29  by the use of a force exerted on the clamping piece  29  by the spring element  31 . The non-represented, acutely-angled leading suspension leg  24 , as seen in  FIG. 19 , preferably comes into contact with a wall of the opening  28   38 ,  39 , which wall is substantially formed complementary to the bevel and which wall, together with the shell face  30 , forms a suspension edge, or protrusion, at an acute angle α′ of 40° to 50°, and in particular of 45°. To release the clamping of the trailing end  26 , an actuating assembly  32  is provided in the groove  27   36 ,  37  which, assembly  32 , when operated, acts counter to the force exerted by the spring element  31  on the clamping piece  29  and pivots the clamping piece  29  away from the wall, or the end  26 . 
   In an advantageous embodiment, not only is one clamping piece  29  arranged in the groove  27  of the forme cylinder  16 . Instead, several clamping pieces  29  are arranged situated axially side-by-side and extending over the length of the sections A to F in the manner of segments, each with at least one spring element  31 . For example, several, such as, for example, six such clamping pieces  29  are arranged for each section A to F. Centered between the clamping elements  29  of each section A to F, and in this case between the third and fourth clamping element  29  of each section A to F, respectively one having a register block can be arranged. The register block, or indexing pin, can be manually displaced in the axial direction, for example in the groove of a base. In a non-represented further development, the register block can also be respectively axially movable by the operation of an actuating device, which actuating device is axially guided in the unoccupied hollow space of the groove  27 , or by the operation of an indexing element, such as, for example, a threaded spindle, which can be driven by a motor. 
   In the embodiment represented, the actuating assemblies  32  for the forme cylinder  16  are configured in such a way that, when they are operated, the holding devices  29 ,  31 , such as all of the clamping pieces  29 , are simultaneously locked or are opened over the length of the sections A to F. In the case of the transfer cylinder  17 , this applies to the holding device, or devices  29 ,  31  of the respective area ABC or DEF. In this case, the actuating assemblies  32  for the forme cylinder  16  are configured as a reversibly deformable hollow body  32 , such as, for example, a hose  32 , which hose can be charged with a pressure medium and which respectively extends over at least the length of the sections A to F, and for use with the transfer cylinder  17 , as such a hollow body respectively extending at least over the sections ABZ or DEF, which runs in the groove  27 ,  36 ,  37 . In accordance with  FIG. 20 , this hose  32  is arranged in the groove  27  to work together with the clamping pieces  29  in such a way that, when it is actuated, it counteracts the spring elements  31 , which close the holding device  29 ,  31  in a self-locking manner. It is then conducted through the areas of possibly provided indexing elements. 
   In an embodiment which is advantageous, in particular, in connection with the printing units  02  of six pages width, or cylinders  16 ,  17 , a device for pressing a dressing  19 ,  21  against a cylinder  16 ,  17 , and in particular for pressing a printing forme  19  against the forme cylinder  16 , referred to as a pressing device in what follows, is respectively assigned to at least two cylinders  16 ,  17 , and in particular is assigned to two forme cylinders  16  of at least one of the printing towers  01 . For example, this is advantageous if it is intended to perform a rapid, such as, for example, a flying, plate change in two corresponding printing groups  13 . It is advantageous if such a pressing device is assigned to all of the forme cylinders  16  of a printing tower  01 , in particular for use in accomplishing a rapid, dependable and exact product change. An appropriate pressing device has, for example, at least six pressing elements, such as, for example, six roller elements which, selectively for each section A to F, can be individually placed against or away from the dressings  19 ,  21 . A controlled and guided draw-in or mounting, and/or release or removal of the dressing, is made possible. It is also possible, by use of this pressing device, to move an end  24 ,  26  of the dressing  19 ,  21  into the appropriate groove  27 ,  36 ,  37 , or opening  28 ,  38 ,  39 , or to maintain a released end  24 ,  26 , or the partially released dressing  19 ,  21 , in the desired position. The pressing device extends along the cylinder  16 ,  17 , at least over the entire area of the sections A to F, or in the area of the barrel of the cylinder which is effective for printing. In this way, dressings  19 , which is resting on the shell face  30  of the cylinder  16 , can be fixed in place as needed by the use of respectively one pressing element, while an end  24 ,  26  of a dressing  19 , or of several dressings  19 , is or are released, or is or are not in contact with the cylinder. 
   The above described embodiment of the pressing device is advantageous, in particular, in connection with the embodiment of the common actuating device extending over all of the sections A to F, as described in  FIG. 20 . In this constellation, the individual or the grouped mounting, changing and/or removal of six printing formes  19 , arranged side-by-side on the forme cylinder  16 , is also possible, without an increased outlay for actuating assemblies or operating medium supply being required within the forme cylinder  16 . Manufacture, mounting and maintenance is considerably reduced by the provision of this actuating device. 
   In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the cylinders  16 ,  17 ,  18  of the printing unit  02  are driven in such a way that the printing groups  13  of the printing unit  02  can each be rotatorily driven at least by a drive motor which is mechanically independent of the remaining printing groups  13 , both during set-up operations as well as during a production run. In the case of the satellite printing unit  02 , the satellite cylinder, or cylinders can also be rotatorily driven by a drive motor mechanically independent of the assigned printing groups  13 . These drive motors are preferably configured as electric motors, whose angular position is regulated, and may be configured for example as asynchronous motors, synchronous motors or as d.c. motors. In an advantageous further development, at least one gear, and in particular at least one reduction gear, such as, for example, a pinion gear, an attachment gear and/or a planetary gear is arranged between the respective drive motor and the cylinder  16 ,  17 ,  18 , or cylinder pair  16 ,  17 ,  18  to be driven. 
   In a particularly advantageous manner, the dampening unit  20 , which in particular, is in the form of a spray dampening unit  20 , has closing elements  48 , or so-called “shutters”, in the edge areas of the possible transfer width, which shutters can be selectively introduced into the spray path, in the case of a narrower web  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3 . At least one such closing element  48  is provided for each edge area, which substantially corresponds to a width of half the difference between the smaller and the larger width b 1 , b 2 , b 3  of the web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3  which is intended to be imprinted.  FIG. 23  schematically shows the circumstances, in which respectively two of such closing elements  48  for each edge area, are provided between a spray source  49  and a roller  51  of the dampening unit  20 , which then together have a width for each edge area, of half the difference between the smaller and the larger width b 1 , b 2 , b 3  of the web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3  which is intended to be imprinted. Advantageously, the spray source  49  can be embodied as a spray arm  49  with spray nozzles, or as a brush roller  49 . However, other embodiments of the spray source are also conceivable, at least in principle. 
   Depending on the type of operation, or on the web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3  to be imprinted, non-represented color meters of color zones in the inking unit  14  are selectively either principally closed or are released for the image-related control of the amount of ink. 
   As previously shown in  FIG. 4  and the following drawings, and as already described above, in addition to the represented special embodiment and equipping of the forme and transfer cylinders  16 ,  17 , or the layout of the printing group  13 , the arrangement and the embodiment of the group of at least three side-by-side arranged formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  as guide and/or processing elements  41 ,  42 ,  43  in the folding structure  11 , plays an important role in the layout of the printing press for different product formats. As symbolized in  FIG. 4 , by the two-headed arrows in the formers  41  and  43 , in an advantageous embodiment, the two outer formers  41 ,  43  of the three formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 , which are arranged side-by-side on a common level, are arranged to be movable transversely with respect to the inflow direction of the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c . The center former  42  can be arranged stationary. Its former tip is preferably located in the printing press center axis M. Here, by depicting three formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  arranged side-by-side on a common level, it should be understood that the formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  of this group are arranged side-by-side transversely to the running direction of the incoming webs, or the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c , and offset with respect to each other and, viewed in a horizontal plane, overlap each other at least partially. 
   In a first structural variation, which is schematically shown in  FIG. 21 , the two outer formers  41 ,  43  are slightly offset in the vertical direction, in comparison with the center one, but when viewed in the horizontal plane, are overlapping the center former  42  so that, when required, as in the case of a narrow web  03 . 2  and correspondingly narrow partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c , their edge sections close to the center former  42  can be brought into congruence with the center one, as viewed from above. However, the tips of the formers are vertically aligned with each other, as shown in dash-dotted lines, so that folded continuous webs come to rest on top of each other. The vertical offset is maximally half the height h 42  of the former. 
   In a second variation, which is schematically shown in  FIG. 22 , the formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  have movable, such as, for example, tilt-away or removable attachment elements  47  in the respective edge areas. In the case of the wide web  03 . 1  and of correspondingly wider partial webs, these attachment elements  47  are in an operating position and, in the case of the narrower web  03 . 2  and correspondingly narrower partial webs, these attachment elements  47  are removed from the active area. The attachment elements  47  widen the transport level of the respective former  41 ,  42 ,  43 , which is that level of each former which is formed by the contact zones of the converging flanks with the web  03 . In the first mentioned operating position, at least the center one  42  of the formers has a width b 42 . 1 , while in the second operating position it has a width b 42 . 2 . Thus, in the second operating position, the effective width is embodied to be narrower by a total amount Δ. The same can correspondingly apply in connection with the two outer formers  41 ,  43 . However, the two outer formers  41 ,  43  can also be configured so that they can be narrowed by the amount Δ/2 only on the side of each outer former which is facing the center former  42 . In  FIG. 13 , the width b 41 , b 42 , b 43  of the formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  has been shown, by way of example without the attachment. 
   A possible result of a movement of the outer formers  41 ,  43  is represented in  FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b , wherein they are represented spaced either farther apart or closer to the center former. In actually, however, the width of the formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  practically never falls below that of the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c , and should only be understood as being symbolic in the drawing figures. 
   The fixed width intended for newspaper printing with a fixed format or, in the case of variable newspaper printing, the non-reduced width B 42 . 1  of at least the center former, but possibly of all three of formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 , lies, for example, between 600 and 830 mm, advantageously lies between 630 and 800 mm, and in particular lies between 630 to 730 mm. With formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  of variable width, the width B 42 . 2  of at least the center former, but possibly of all three formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  lies between approximately 580 to approximately 700, advantageously lies between 580 to 680 mm, and preferably lies between approximately 616 mm and 650 mm. In connection with variable formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 , a selectable difference Δ lies, for example, between 100 and 250 mm, and in particular lies between 120 to 200 mm. The widths are selected from the above recited value ranges to correspond to each other. Correspondingly, half the value applies to Δ/2. 
   The effective width b 44 , which is the maximum width in the upper former area of the added former  44  is preferably significantly greater than that of the non-reduced formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  of the former group. For example, the width of the added former should be greater, by a factor of 1.05 to 1.4, and in particular by 1.1 to 1.3, than an unchangeable one, or the maximum width b 41 . 1 , b 42 . 1 , b 43 . 1  of the formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  of the former group. 
   In a variation, shown for example, in accordance with  FIG. 15 , both of the added formers  44  can be embodied with a variable width b 44 , in which case the above-mentioned ratios relate to the maximum width b 44  of the added former  44 . 
   In an advantageous embodiment, the variable printing press has one or several of the subsequently described guide and/or processing elements on the path of the web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3  through the printing press. 
   In an advantageous embodiment of the roll changer  05 , shown in  FIGS. 1 and 24 , it is provided that support arms  52  are movably seated on a pivot shaft  54 , with respect to each end of a roll  53  to be unwound, and in such a way transversely to the printing press center axis M, that, independently of the width b 1 , b 2 , b 3  of the actually used web  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3 , the roll  53  can be positioned in such a way that the center level m 03  of the roll  53  on the shaft coincides with the printing press center axis M. The support arms  52 , which here act as guide elements and/or as processing elements  52 , can be positioned symmetrically and in opposite directions, with respect to the printing press center axis M. 
   In the representation of guide and/or processing elements described in what follows, the same reference numerals have been used in part, provided the associated parts have the same functionality or configuration. In what follows, cutting, web guidance, web drive and/or web conducting elements, such as, for example, contact rollers, turning bars, longitudinal cutters and/or guide rollers, are understood to be guide and/or processing tools. 
   In addition to, or even independently of, the configuration of the other guide and/or processing elements, it is possible to provide a traction group  56 , as seen in  FIG. 25 , and consisting of a traction roller  57  and of a plurality of pressure rollers  58  which can be selectively brought into contact with the latter, such as, for example, rubber rollers, in the draw-in group  10 . These have been combined symmetrically with respect to the printing press center axis M into several, and at least two groups and are connected, in groups, for the purpose of being brought into or out of contact. In the example, two groups, of two pressure rollers, and one group of three pressure rollers  58  are provided from the outside toward the inside for each half of the traction roller  57 . Contacting, for example, is performed pneumatically from a non-represented source, or electrically. Now, depending on the mode of operation, when imprinting a wide web  03 . 1 , all of the pressure roller groups are placed against the traction roller, and when imprinting a narrower web, the outer pressure roller groups remain out of contact. The traction roller  57  is rotatorily driven by a drive motor  59 . 
   In another embodiment of a traction group  61 , such as, for example, one following the last printing unit  02  through which the web  03  passes, or upstream of the former inlet, the traction group  61  has guide and/or processing elements  62 , configured as pressure rollers  62 , which can be positioned symmetrically and transversely with the printing press center axis M and in the opposite direction to each other, as seen in  FIGS. 26   a  and  b . An uneven number of pressure rollers  62  is preferably provided wherein, for example, the center one is effectively in alignment with the printing press center axis M and is stationary with regard to a direction extending transversely to the transport direction, while all of the out-of-center pressure rollers  62  are embodied to be movable transversely to the transport direction and can therefore be adjusted to the web width. In this case, positioning of the pressure rollers  62  can advantageously take place via at least one threaded spindle  63 , which preferably can be driven by a drive motor  64 . For the pressure rollers  62  of each one of the two sides of the traction roller  57 , it is possible to provide each side their own threaded spindle  63  having several sections of different pitch or, as represented, a common threaded spindle  63  with several, such as here, respectively two left-hand and right-hand threads of different pitch. In the course of imprinting a wide web  03 . 1 , as seen in  FIG. 26   a , the pressure rollers  62 , which are provided outside of the printing press center axis M, are located farther out than they would be when being used during the imprinting of a narrower web  03 . 0 ,  03 . 3 . Scissors symbols in  FIG. 26  are used to indicate a longitudinal cutting device  06 , located upstream of the turning devices  07  or  65 , located downstream of the turning devices  07 , but upstream of the former inlet, which possibly follows the traction group  61 . 
   Again, the longitudinal cutting device  06 ,  65  preferably has an odd number of guide and/or processing elements  66 , here embodied as cutters  66 , which elements can be positioned symmetrically and transversely with respect to the printing press center axis M, and in the opposite direction to each other. Preferably, the center guide and/or the processing element  66  is again effectively in alignment with the printing press center axis M, and is arranged stationary transversely, with regard to the transport direction, while all of the out-of-center cutters  66  are movable transversely to the transport direction and are therefore embodied so that they are adjustable to the web width. As is shown in  FIG. 26 , positioning advantageously takes place using the pressure roller  62 . Counter-cutters  67  are preferably also positioned together with the cutters  66 . In the course of imprinting a wide web  03 . 1 , as shown in  FIG. 27   a  the cutters  66  which are provided outside of the printing press center axis M, are located farther outward than during imprinting a narrower web  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3 . The center cutter remains stationary, in alignment with the printing press center axis M. 
     FIGS. 28   a  and  b , and  FIGS. 29   a  and  b , represent two possible embodiments of a turning bar arrangement  07 , in which two guide and/or two processing elements  68 , which are embodied as turning bars  68 , are arranged to be positioned transversely with respect to an inflow direction of the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c .  FIGS. 28   a  and  b  show parallel turning bars  68 , which are inclined 45° to the inflow direction, and which is usable for laterally offsetting a partial web  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c .  FIGS. 29   a  and  b  show two turning bars  68 , which are inclined 45° and 135° to the inflow direction, and which are usable for a laterally offsetting and for tipping a partial web  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c . Again, positioning advantageously takes place by the use of a threaded spindle, such as is shown in  FIG. 26  for the rollers  62 .  FIG. 28   a  and  FIG. 29   a  show the turning bar position in the course of imprinting a wide web  03 . 1   FIG. 28   b  and  FIG. 29   b  show the position of the turning bar in the course of imprinting a narrower web  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3 . 
   An alternative embodiment of a variable printing press in accordance with the present invention is represented in  FIGS. 30   a  and  b . The webs  03 , or the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c  are conducted toward the folding or former structure  11 , which are positioned out of alignment, by 90°, with the printing press center axis M. The former structure  11  and the folding apparatus  12 , which is not represented in  FIG. 30 , are offset by 90° with respect to the printing press represented in  FIG. 1 . If, as indicated by the two-headed arrows in  FIG. 30 , three movable turning bars  69  are provided for deflection, it is possible, depending on the widths b 1 , b 2 , b 3  of the webs  03 . 1 ,  03 . 2 ,  03 . 3 , to find a position of the turning bars  69  so that the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b ,  03   c , which are generated after longitudinal cutting, can be conducted to three stationary formers  71 ,  72 ,  73 . In this way, it is possible to employ a former structure  11  with stationary formers  71  to  73 , whose fixed widths correspond at least to the width of the partial webs  03   a ,  03   b,    03   c  that are made from the widest web  03 . 1 . In  FIG. 30   a , turning bars  69  of the width of a partial web, and in  FIG. 30   b  turning bars  69  of triple width, or of a width of at least six newspaper pages of the larger format F 1  are provided for this use.  FIG. 31  schematically shows the arrangement of two printing press sections, each with several, depicted here as two printing towers  01 , or printing units  02 , by the use of which printing towers  01 , production is performed on a common former structure  11  via a turning installation  07  as described in  FIG. 30   a  or  b  which, however, is only schematically indicated in  FIG. 31 . 
     FIG. 32  shows a folding structure  11  in a sectional view. In this way, it is either possible, as represented in  FIG. 32 , for two groups of substantially identical formers  41 ,  42 ,  43  to be arranged on top of each other, and which two groups are either slightly vertically offset, in an arrangement which is not represented, or are configured with attachment elements  47 , which are only indicated in connection with lower group. At least one former inlet roller  76 , or a traction roller  76 , which is driven by a motor  74 , is provided directly ahead of each former group. 
   In an advantageous embodiment, the folding apparatus  12  of the printing press is configured with seven fields in connection with all the above-described preferred embodiments. 
   The circumference of the transport cylinder  77  corresponds to more than five, and in particular to seven, section lengths or seven lengths of the signature and is thus a “transport cylinder  77  with seven fields”. Seven holding devices have been situated, one behind the other, in the circumferential direction of cylinder  77  with equal spacing between each, in the transport cylinder  77 . These holding devices can be provided, for example, as spur needle strips with extendible spur needles or as a spur needle folding apparatus. The holding devices can also be embodied as grippers, or as a gripper folding apparatus. Furthermore, seven cutting strips are arranged, each of which, viewed in the direction of rotation, is preferably slightly spaced apart, such as, for example, by 0.3 to 3 cm on the shell face of the transport cylinder  77  with respect to the position of the respective associated clamping point or gripper folding apparatus, or the spur needle penetration point for the spur needle folding apparatus. Preferably, the circumference of the folding jaw cylinder  78  corresponds to more than five, and in particular corresponds to seven section lengths, or to seven lengths of the signature. 
   Seven folding blades are furthermore attached to the transport cylinder  77  which folding blades, when reaching a gap, either each time, or after multiple times, and whether in connection with collating operation or normal operations between the transport cylinder  77  and a folding jaw cylinder  78 , are extended for transferring the signatures conveyed on the transport cylinder  77  to the folding jaw cylinder  78 , and to fold them. For this purpose, the folding jaw cylinder  78  has, evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction, for example, as many folding jaws, which are not represented as the number of folding blades and/or of holding devices on the transport cylinder  77 , in this case seven in particular. The folded products are transferred from the folding jaw cylinder  78  to a paddle wheel  79  and are delivered from there to a delivery device  81 , such as, for example, a conveyor belt  81 . 
   A cutting cylinder  82 , which works together, as a transverse cutting arrangement, with the transport cylinder  77 , can be constructed to be a double cutting a cylinder, with two cutters on the circumference, and spaced apart by a section length, or also as a quadruple size cylinder, or as one having four cutters on its circumference, each spaced apart by a section length. 
   The concept of the asymmetrically exposed panorama printing formes, in particular together with at least one of several transversely movable formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 , can be applied, in addition to a press of a width of six pages, or with six print images side-by-side, also to other presses, and in particular to newspaper printing presses of a width of four pages, with four print images side-by-side. In this case, such as, for example, in connection with a press of a width of six pages, n=3 print images, and in connection with a press of a width of four pages, n=2 print images, printing formes are arranged, in particular, asymmetrically, side-by-side in the axial direction on a printing forme  19 ″. An example of this is provided in  FIGS. 33   a  and  b , wherein in  FIG. 33   a  the forme cylinder  16  is covered with print images of the larger format F 1 . In this case, the four print images can be arranged on eight individual printing formes  19 , on four panorama printing formes  19 ′, with respectively two next to, and behind each other, or in combination, as combined in  FIG. 33  by way of example. Preferably, the printing formes  19 ,  19 ′ cover the entire effective length L 16 , or the width b 1 , of the larger web  03 . 1  to be imprinted. If the printing group  13  is not configured with a double circumference, or with two newspaper pages in the circumferential direction, but simply, this also applies to four individual printing formes  19 , to two panorama printing forms  19 ′, or to a mixture. 
   In the other mode of operation, with a narrower web  03 . 2 , the forme cylinder  16  now has print images of the smaller format F 2 . The printing formes  19 ″ are preferably again configured as panorama printing formes  19 ″, with two printed pages of the smaller format F 2 , but again still substantially extend over the area of the possible print length of the wider web  03 . 1 . In other words, they have the same width as the panorama printing formes  19 ″ of the larger format F 1 . As explained above, the printing formes  19 ″ have again been asymmetrically exposed. The same as was the case in the previously-described arrangement with three formers, a former structure is also advantageous here, wherein a distance A 1  of the folding levels F 42 , F 43  can be changed in the above mentioned way. 
   As represented in  FIG. 33 , for example two printing blankets  21  are arranged side-by-side on the transfer cylinder  17 , each of which blankets  21  has a width of two printed pages of a newspaper format F 1 , F 2 , and in particular of the larger newspaper format F 1 . These blankets  21  can then each respectively extend over the full circumference of cylinder  17 , and can again be arranged on the transfer cylinder with their ends aligned, or with their ends alternating by 180°. 
   It is explicitly pointed out that the discussion which follows, which is represented in connection with the printing press shown in accordance with  FIG. 34 , can be advantageously applied, either considered by itself alone, or also especially taken together with one or with several of the characteristics so far described, such as, for example, the printing blankets  21  of a width of three newspaper pages, and/or the format variability, and/or the described adjustability of one or of several of the guide and/or processing elements  41 ,  42 ,  43 ,  52 ,  62 ,  66 , and/or the satellite-type construction and/or the arrangement of the groove openings  28 ,  38 ,  39 , and/or the width of the groove openings  28 ,  38 ,  39 , and/or the special arrangement of formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 ,  44 , and/or of other characteristics not specifically mentioned in this listing. The same applies for the contents of  FIGS. 35 and 36 . 
     FIG. 34  shows a printing press, in particular in a tripe-width embodiment, for printing six side-by-side arranged newspaper pages. Printing towers  01 ,  01   a , with stacked printing units, and in particular with satellite printing units, have been assigned to both sides of each folding structure  11 , which is consisting of, for example, two levels with respectively three formers side-by-side. A printing press section, which is equipped substantially in the same way, has, for example, on both sides of the folding structure  11 , two printing towers  01 ,  01   a . In an advantageous further development, two further print locations, in, for example the form of a six-cylinder printing unit  83 , or of two three-cylinder printing units  83 , have been assigned to at least one of these printing towers  01 , in addition to the eight print locations of the satellite printing units  02 . These two additional print locations can possibly also advantageously be on a printing tower of a printing press, separate from the particular printing press in accordance with  FIG. 34  and in combination with one or with several of the above-mentioned characteristics. It is then possible, in connection with a printing tower  01  which has been expanded in this manner, to imprint either two webs  03  each on one side in four colors and on the other side in one color, or to imprint a web  03  in four colors on both sides and to imprint a second web  03  in one color on both sides. In contrast to embodiments on one level, as seen in  FIGS. 35 ,  36 , the printing press is multi-story in the sense that the printing towers, or the lower printing units  02  and the roll changers  05  are not arranged on the same level of the installation. In this case, the printing towers are arranged on a level T above the level G which is supporting the roll changers  05 . The printing towers are then arranged on a so-called “platform”, in particular a platform which is made of concrete. 
   The printing press shown in  FIG. 34  has three such printing press sections wherein, as marked by way of example by *, webs  03  from distant printing towers  01  of the adjacent printing tower section, but which are located upstream of the next folding structure  11 , can be transferred. For example, five roll changers  05  are assigned to each one of these sections, which consists of four printing towers  01 ,  01   a  and of a folding structure  11 . Depending on the requirements of the desired production, it is possible to provide turning towers with three, four or five turning devices  07  or turning decks. A folding apparatus  12 , shown here at F 1 , F 2 , F 3  is arranged downstream of each folding structure  11 . A selection of advantageous product options and products is additionally listed in  FIG. 34 . The identification is explained by the production with a gray background in connection with the web guidance represented for line  3 . 
   In the configuration in accordance with line  3 , two products (2x), each of 84 pages (pages p) from respectively 7 webs (webs) are formed on two folding apparatuses, here F 1  and F 3 . This takes place here in a broadsheet arrangement, with standing newspaper pages in the circumferential direction of the forme cylinder  16  and in double production, during operations without collation. In this case, it is possible for two similar printing formes  19 ,  19 ′,  19 ″ to be respectively placed, one behind the other, on double-sized forme cylinders  16 , for example, and in this way, to form double the output of products per unit of time per continuous web. Alternatively, two different products can be created respectively alternately on the continuous web and can be correspondingly removed respectively alternately in two product flows. For example, initially four webs, which are imprinted in 4/4 printing, are conducted from the right onto the first folding apparatus  12  from the left (F 1 ). Two webs imprinted 1/4 and 4/1 in the printing tower on the left outside, and one web imprinted 4/4 in the adjoining printing tower are also conducted to the first folding apparatus. The product has 84 pages, 72 of which are imprinted in four colors, and the rest of which are imprinted in one color. The same applies here in regard to the product formed on the other folding apparatus. The remaining nine lines of the table should be read in the same way wherein, for example in line 6, a product of 72 pages (p.) and having 60 four-colored pages is formed on two folding apparatuses, F 1  and F 3 , from respectively 6 webs (w), and a 24-page product is created on one folding apparatus, identified here as F 2 . 
   In an advantageous embodiment, the offset printing groups  13  of at least one of the printing groups  02  of a printing tower  01 , for example, all of the printing groups  02 ,  83  of a printing tower, and advantageously all of the printing groups  02 ,  83  of an entire printing press section, and in particular all printing groups  02 ,  83  of the printing press are configured in the above-described embodiment, either equipped, or structured so that they can be equipped, with printing formes  19 ″ of a width of three pages and/or dressings  21  of a width of three pages. 
   The folding structures  11  have at least one former level, however two former levels are advantageously arranged on top of each other, with the three formers  41  to  43  located next to each other, in an arrangement seen, for example in  FIGS. 4 to 16 . One, or several of these folding structures can advantageously also have a lateral added former  44 , such as shown in  FIGS. 12 to 14 , or possibly can have an additional former level. 
     FIG. 35  shows a printing press in a ground-level construction. Roll changers  05  and printing towers  01 ,  01   a  are substantially arranged on the same level E, such as, for example, on a ground level E. This can have advantages with respect to construction costs by requiring no basement, or by allowing a reduced height of a building  86 , such as, for example, a shed  86 , housing the printing towers  01 . 01   a . It is then possible to structure the building  86  considerably lower in an area outside of the printing towers  01 ,  01   a  and/or the folding structure  11 , which is only sketched in  FIG. 35 . 
   As can be seen in a view from above, in the lower portion of  FIG. 35 , an additional former  44  can be arranged laterally with respect to the group of the three formers. This can be the case for one of the two former levels, or for both of the former levels shown in solid lines, if for example these levels again have three side-by-side formers  41 ,  42 ,  43 . This added former can have the same width as the other three formers or, as shown in  FIG. 13 , it can also have a greater width. It is then possible to move seven continuous product webs, for example so-called “books” over a total of seven formers, twice three plus an added former and, with a greater width of the added former, to selectively form a product of greater width on the added cylinder. However, in an embodiment without the laterally arranged added cylinder  44 , the two former levels can also be embodied in the manner represented in  FIG. 16  with one level of three formers, and with the other level of two wider formers. An embodiment can be optional in which two “normal” former levels with three side-by-side arranged formers, as shown in  FIG. 32 , are provided, and in addition two added formers  44  on a level above, as indicated in dashed lines here in the manner of the two upper formers  44  in  FIG. 16 , are arranged above. 
   One or several of the printing towers  01 , such as the ones identified by  01   a  here, can have additional printing units  83 . 
   In a preferred embodiment of a printing press in accordance with  FIG. 36 , the web is fed from the roll changer  05  from a direction of the long side of the press, or at a 90° angle with respect to the printing press center level M. The printing press is configured as a ground level structure, in which the roll changer  05  and the printing towers  01 ,  01   a  are substantially arranged on the same level. The roll changer or changers is, or are, located laterally next to the press. An axis of rotation of the rolls of material or paper substantially extends parallel with respect to the printing press center axis M. After being rolled off transversely with respect to the press, the web now runs at the level of the press alignment onto a deflection element  84 , such as, for example, a guide element  84  provided in the manner of a turning bar  84 , so that thereafter its movement direction lies in the printing press center level M. The guide element  84  has a length which, when projected on the incoming web, corresponds at least to the maximum width of the web. Advantageously, the guide element  84  is inclined by 45° with respect to the running direction of the incoming web and to the press center level M. In the instant case, the guide element  84  has a length which, when projected on the incoming web, corresponds at least to six side-by-side located newspaper pages. In the case of a 90° offset of the roll changer  05 , the usable length of the turning bar  84  corresponds to at least 1.4 times of the maximum web width to be processed in the printing press, thus in this case, it corresponds to at least to 1.4 times the web of a width of six newspaper pages, or at least 8.5 newspaper page widths. It is also possible to provide two turning bars which cross each other between two printing towers  01 , which then make possible deflection in the one direction, as well as in the other direction. In this case, the two crossing turning bars  84  can then either be selectively supplied with this web by one roll changer  05  or, as represented, can be simultaneously supplied by two roll changers  05 , which are located in the same alignment. 
   In view of a dependable web guidance, it is possible to provide a draw-in device which adjusts the web traction possibly upstream of the turning bar  84 , but which preferably adjusts the web tension between the turning bar  84  and its entry into the printing tower  01 . 
   Considered by itself, but also in connection with one or several of the above mentioned advantageous characteristics, the lateral arrangement of the roll changers  05  can provide particular advantages. 
   While preferred embodiments of printing formes of a printing press and web-fed rotary printing presses, in accordance with the present invention, have been set forth fully and completely hereinabove, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art that various changes in, for example, the specific types of webs being printed, the drives for the various press components, and the like could be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention which is accordingly to be limited only by the appended claims.