Patent Publication Number: US-7222469-B2

Title: Netting chutes with floors having channels for packaging products with clippers

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/969,717, filed Oct. 20, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/738,315 filed Dec. 17, 2003 now abandoned, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/508,609, filed Oct. 3, 2003; this application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/725,109 filed Dec. 1, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,976,346 which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/478,077, filed Jun. 12, 2003, and this application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/782,552, filed Feb. 19, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,945,010 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/339,910, filed Jan. 10, 2003 now issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,102, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/347,477, filed Jan. 11, 2002. The contents of the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference as if recited in full herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to apparatus that can enclose products in packaging materials, and may be particularly suitable for enclosing products in clippable netting material. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Certain types of commodity and/or industrial items can be packaged by placing the desired product(s) in a covering material and then applying a closure clip or clips to end portions of the covering material to secure the product(s) therein. For non-flowable piece goods, the piece goods can be held individually in a respective clipped package, or as a group of goods in a single package. The covering material can be any suitable material, typically a casing and/or netting material. 
     Generally described, when packaging a piece good product in netting, the product is pushed through a netting chute. The product can include, by way of example, a non-flowable semi-solid and/or solid object such as a meat product including whole or half hams, turkeys, chickens, and the like. The netting chute holds a length of a netting sleeve over the exterior thereof. A first downstream end portion of the netting is typically closed using a first clip. As the product exits the netting chute, it is covered with the netting. The netting can be held relatively tight (typically stretched or in tension) over the product. The open end of the netting (upstream of the product) is then gathered and another clip can be applied to the gathered netting, typically using a double clipper apparatus. A clip attachment apparatus or “clippers” are well known to those of skill in the art and include those available from Tipper Tie, Inc., of Apex, N.C., under product numbers Z3214, Z3202, and Z3200. Examples of clip attachment apparatus and/or packaging apparatus are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,389,533; 3,499,259; 4,683,700; and 5,161,347, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if recited in full herein. 
     The double clipper apparatus concurrently applies two clips to the netting proximate the open (upstream) end of the package. One clip defines the leading end portion of the package and the other defines the trailing or second end portion of the package then being closed. A cutting mechanism incorporated in the clipper apparatus can sever the two packages before the enclosed package is removed from the clipper apparatus. U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,713 describes a double clipper apparatus used to apply two clips to a casing covering. U.S. Pat. No. 5,495,701 proposes a clipper with a clip attachment mechanism configured to selectively fasten a single clip or two clips simultaneously. 
     SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention provide netting product chutes that can be used to automatically and/or manually package a product in a covering material and/or applying clips thereto. 
     Certain embodiments are directed toward netting/product chutes having an interior cavity and an exterior surface adapted to hold netting in tension thereon. The chute can have a floor with at least one well. The chute may have a non-circular cross-sectional profile. 
     In certain embodiments, the product can be manipulated and packaged so that at least one clip is automatically, semi-automatically or manually applied to enclose the product in the covering material. Particular embodiments automatically package a discrete object or objects in netting. 
     Some embodiments are directed to methods of packaging turkeys in netting. The methods include: (a) providing a product chute having opposing ingress and egress end portions and a generally open cavity extending therethrough, the cavity having a longitudinally extending channel; (b) pushing a turkey through the product chute so that a portion of the turkey resides in the channel as the turkey moves through the chute; (c) guiding the turkey to discharge from the chute in a desired orientation and position in response to the pushing; and (d) packaging the turkey in netting pulled externally over a perimeter of the product chute as the turkey exits the product chute. 
     The methods may also include placing the turkey in the longitudinally extending channel so that a lower portion of the turkey resides in the channel during the pushing step. The channel may be configured so that the turkey is discharged from the chute substantially laterally centered. 
     In some embodiments, the channel is defined by a well having a depth that is a minor portion of a height of the chute cavity. In other embodiments, the channel is defined by a pair of spaced apart longitudinally extending ribs having sidewalls that rise a minor distance into the cavity of the chute. 
     Other embodiments are directed to a turkey netting chute comprising opposing ingress and egress ends and a generally open cavity with a floor extending therethrough, the floor having an alignment channel with a channel width and depth configured to receive a lower medial portion of a turkey therein with the remainder of the turkey held above and to the sides of the channel, wherein, in operation, the chute is adapted to hold netting about a perimeter thereof. The channel may be defined by a longitudinally extending well or longitudinally extending spaced apart ribs. 
     Still other embodiments are directed to systems for packaging a target object in covering material. The systems include: a product chute comprising opposing ingress and egress ends and a generally open cavity with a floor extending therethrough. The floor has a longitudinally extending alignment well having a width and depth configured to receive a sub-portion of a turkey therein with the remainder of the turkey held above and to the sides of the channel. In operation, the chute is adapted to hold a sleeve of covering about a perimeter thereof. 
     Certain embodiments are directed toward systems for enclosing a semi-solid or solid product in a covering material. The systems include: (a) an elongate product chute having a floor with at least one axially extending well and/or rib, an outer wall, and opposing receiving and discharge end portions with an interior cavity defined by the floor and outer wall extending therethrough; and (b) a clipper mechanism disposed downstream of the discharge end of the product chute, the clipper mechanism configured to apply at least one clip to a covering material that encloses the product from the product chute. 
     Other embodiments are directed to methods of packaging an object or objects in netting. The methods include: (a) pushing at least one object through a product chute having a floor with a channel (which may be formed by at least one rib thereon and/or well therein); (b) pulling netting material downstream of the product chute from an outer surface of the product chute to automatically enclose the object in netting material as the object exits the product chute; and then (c) applying at least one clip to the netting material to secure the object in the netting material. 
     In particular embodiments, the channel is generally medially centered with the channel center generally aligned with and under a centerline of the product chute cavity. The chute can include an entry portion that has a larger cross-sectional area than an intermediate portion. 
     The chute may comprise an entry portion that has a flared segment with a cross-sectional area that tapers into an adjacent downstream portion with a smaller cross-sectional area. A portion of the chute floor and/or channel floor may be substantially planar. 
     The chute can include a mounting bracket attached thereto. The mounting bracket may have a planar substantially horizontal mounting platform and a vertical segment with a support channel configured to receive and hold a bottom portion of the product chute. The mounting bracket may be configured as a “quick disconnect” component to allow a changeover to a different product chute held on a similarly configured mounting bracket or held by a bracket that positions interchangeable chutes of different shapes and sizes to have a common axially extending centerline when in position on a frame holding the chute in alignment with a clipper. 
     These and other objects and/or aspects of the present invention are explained in detail in the specification set forth below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of an apparatus/system used to automatically advance objects through a product chute and then automatically apply a clip(s) via a clipper mechanism according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 2A–2D  are front views of a manual packaging system illustrating a sequence of operations that can employ the netting chutes of the present invention according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a front perspective view of a product chute according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a front perspective view of a product chute according to other embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a front perspective view of the product chute shown in  FIG. 4  illustrating an exemplary object therein in preparation for packaging according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a side view of the product chute shown in  FIG. 5  with the product chute held substantially horizontally during operation according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a side view of the product chute shown in  FIG. 5  with the product chute held tilted relative to horizontal during operation according to other embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a cutaway front perspective view of a product chute according to yet other embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a rear end view of a product chute according to additional embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 10A–10C  are cross-sectional views of product chutes with a channel formed from a longitudinally extending depressed or well region according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 11 and 12  are cross-sectional views of product chutes having a longitudinally extending well and ribs according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of a product chute having a well merging into angular outer sidewalls that travel up a distance according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a cross sectional view of a product chute having a non-circular upper body according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view of a product chute having a well and ribs positioned above the well according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view of a product chute similar to that shown in  FIG. 10A , with a turkey oriented so that its back is positioned in the channel according to embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying figures, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. In the figures, certain layers, components or features may be exaggerated for clarity, and broken lines illustrate optional features or operations, unless specified otherwise. In addition, the sequence of operations (or steps) is not limited to the order presented in the claims unless specifically indicated otherwise. Where used, the terms “attached”, “connected”, “contacting”, “coupling” and the like, can mean either directly or indirectly, unless stated otherwise. The term “concurrently” means that the operations are carried out substantially simultaneously. 
     In the description of the present invention that follows, certain terms are employed to refer to the positional relationship of certain structures relative to other structures. As used herein, the term “front” or “forward” and derivatives thereof refer to the general or primary direction that the product travels for packaging and closure; this term is intended to be synonymous with the term “downstream,” which is often used in manufacturing or material flow environments to indicate that certain material traveling or being acted upon is farther along in that process than other material. Conversely, the terms “rearward” and “upstream” and derivatives thereof refer to the directions opposite, respectively, the forward and downstream directions. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As used herein, phrases such as “between X and Y” and “between about X and Y” should be interpreted to include X and Y. As used herein, phrases such as “between about X and Y” mean “between about X and about Y.” As used herein, phrases such as “from about X to Y” mean “from about X to about Y.” 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the specification and relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity. 
     Embodiments of the present invention are particularly suitable for applying closure clips to discrete objects held in a covering material. The covering material may be natural or synthetic and may be a casing material that can be sealed about a product or may be netting. The casing can be any suitable casing (edible or inedible, natural or synthetic) such as, but not limited to, collagen, cellulose, plastic, elastomeric or polymeric casing. The term “netting” refers to any open mesh material in any form including, for example, knotted, braided, extruded, stamped, knitted, woven or otherwise. Typically, the netting is configured so as to be stretchable in both axial and lateral directions (i.e., elastic, and typically isotropically elastic). 
     Netting or other covering material may be used to package discrete meat products such as loaves of meat, boned ham, spiral-sliced ham, deboned ham, turkey (such as fresh or frozen whole or partial turkeys), turkey loaves held in molds, or other meat; the packaging may be formed on the item alone or with the items held in subcontainers and/or wraps such as molds, trays, boxes, bags, absorbent or protective sheets, sealant, cans and the like. Other embodiments of the present invention may be directed to package other types of food such as cheese, bread, fruit, vegetables, and the like. Examples of non-food items that may be packaged using embodiments of the present invention include living items such as flora, trees, and the like, as well as inanimate objects. Additional examples of products include discrete, semi-solid or solid non-flowable objects such as firewood, pet food (typically held in a container if the wet type), recreational objects (such as balls), or other solid or semi-solid objects. The product may be for any suitable industry including horticulture, aquaculture, agriculture, or other food industry, environmental, chemical, explosive, or other application. Netting may be particularly useful to package ham or turkeys, manufactured hardware such as automotive parts, firewood, explosives, molded products, and other industrial, consumable, and/or commodity item(s). 
     Generally stated, embodiments of the present invention are directed to the packaging of piece goods or discrete items by forcing them through a product chute, wrapping or enveloping the objects at the other end of the chute in a covering material, such as netting, then clipping the covering material with a closure clip or other attachment means to close the covering and hold the object or objects inside of the covering material. As noted above, clippers are available from Tipper Tie, Inc., of Apex, N.C. Examples of suitable clips include metallic generally “U”-shaped clips also available from Tipper Tie, Inc., in Apex, N.C. Other clips, clip materials and clip configurations or closure means may also be used. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary automatic clipping packaging apparatus  10  according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown, the apparatus  10  includes a product pusher assembly or mechanism  20 , a product chute  30 , and a clipper  40 . It is noted that the clipper  40  may be referred to herein as a clipper apparatus, clipper mechanism, and/or clipper assembly, but each term may be used interchangeably with the others. As shown, the apparatus  10  may optionally include an infeed conveyor  50 . In the embodiment shown, the apparatus  10  can be described as a horizontal automatic clipping packaging apparatus as the product is primarily moved, processed, clipped and packaged in a horizontal plane. However, certain components, features or operations may be oriented and/or carried out in other planes or directions and the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the product chute  30  may be tilted from horizontal, typically so that the discharge or egress end  30   d  is closer the ground than the product entry or ingress end  30   e . The direction of travel of an exemplary product undergoing packaging is illustrated by the broken line arrows in  FIG. 1 . In other embodiments, a breech loader may be used as an alternative to the side-conveyor shown in  FIG. 1 . The breech loader may be configured to drop the object from a chute aligned above the product chute  30 , with the pusher still configured to push the object through the chute in alignment with a clipper. Additional descriptions of a breech loader can be found in co-pending U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/888,802, filed Jun. 9, 2005, entitled, Breech Loader Packaging Apparatus And Associated Devices, Methods, Systems And Computer Program Products, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if recited in full herein. 
     This positioning of the product in the flow path and/or alignment with the product chute cavity  30   c  ( FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  9 ) can be carried out substantially automatically as will be discussed further below. However, a target product undergoing packaging can also be manually introduced or placed into the flow path and subsequently processed as in an automatic in-feed operation. 
     In operation, the product pusher assembly  20  linearly retracts and advances to push a product through the product chute  30  so that the product is positioned proximate the clipper  40  and then retracts to a resting state upstream of the product transfer zone  60 . As described above, a sleeve of covering material  100   c  (see  FIG. 2B ) can be positioned about the external surface of the product chute  30  and configured to be drawn downstream thereof so as to automatically encase the product as the product emerges from the discharge end  30   d  of the product chute  30 . A supplemental sleeve material holder may also be used if desired instead of placing the sleeve of casing material on the product chute. The supplemental sleeve holder can be configured to surround a downstream portion of the product chute (not shown). The sleeve of covering material may be sized to stretch to substantially conform to the external wall or surface of the product chute  30  or may be more loosely held thereon. The cavity of the product chute  30   c  ( FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  9 ) may be sized to snugly contact or squeeze opposing portions of the product (side to side and/or top to bottom) as the product is pushed therethrough or may be oversized with respect to the product so that the product loosely travels therethrough. 
     In some embodiments, the shape, size and/or type of product can determine a suitable netting diameter to provide a desired tightness of netting and, hence, influence the product chute design factor. 
     In operation, the sleeve of covering material may be clipped, welded, fused, knotted or otherwise closed at a leading edge portion thereof. When the product exits the product chute  30 , it is held in the covering material as the covering material is drawn downstream. The covering material is typically loaded onto the product chute  30  and the leading edge portion closed before the product chute  30  is mounted to the apparatus  10 . Additional description of a suitable automatic apparatus is described in co-pending, co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/951,578; filed Sep. 28, 2004 corresponding to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/508,609, filed Oct. 3, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
       FIGS. 2A–2D  illustrate a manual or semi-manual system  11  with a series of operations that can be used to package a target product  100  or products using a product chute  30  and a desired covering material  100   c .  FIG. 2D  illustrates a clipped  100   cl  package of netting enclosing the product  100 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates one embodiment of a product chute  30  that can be used with automatic, semi-automatic and/or manual packaging systems. As shown, the product chute  30  includes an outer surface  30   s , a cavity  30   c , and a floor  30   f . The floor has a guiding configuration (such as a channel and/or rib as will be discussed below) that guides a product through the chute so that the product is in a desired orientation and position (typically centered side-side) as it exits the chute. The guiding configuration can be such that it does not introduce undue friction on the product as it moves through the channel to reduce the amount of force it takes to push the product through either manually or automatically. 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , the product chute floor  30   f  includes at least one (shown as a single) axially extending rib  30   r  that has a height such that it extends vertically above the adjacent portions of the floor  30   f . The term “rib” means a projecting generally axially extending member that is sized and configured so that it can influence the movement and/or positioning of a product  100  as the product enters and/or travels through the chute  30 . 
     As shown, the floor  30   f  can be substantially planar and disposed at the lower portion of a curvilinear wall  30   w . In certain embodiments, the chute is configured so that the curvilinear wall  130   w  terminates or merges into the floor  30   f  to together define a non-circular cross-sectional shape of the cavity  30   c.    
     Thus, in certain embodiments, the product chute  30  has a cross-sectional profile that is non-circular. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the product chute  30  may be configured with a planar bottom portion and generally semi-circular side portions. Other cross-sectional profile configurations may also be used including, but not limited to, circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, square and the like. 
     The product chute body may include a single continuous wall that defines the shape of the cavity  30   c  above the floor  30   f . In other embodiments, the product chute body can be formed with a plurality of walls. In some embodiments, the product chute  30  is fabricated from stainless steel. The interior surface or portions thereof may be coated with an anti-stick coating and/or lubricant. For example, the interior of the chute  30  may comprise TEFLON® polymer. In particular embodiments, a single sheet of sheet metal can be formed to provide the desired product chute body shape. 
     As shown, the rib  30   r  is disposed such that is offset from the center of the cavity  30   c , although in some embodiments the rib  30   r  may be centered on the floor  30   f . The rib  30   r  can be positioned adjacent a lower portion of the curvilinear wall  130   w . Typically, the rib  30   r  includes a ramped forward edge portion  30   r  that inclines or rises to a peak  32 . The ramped forward edge portion  30   r  may have a planar surface segment  31  that tapers in width as the ramped portion rises. The segment  31  can have a width that is wider adjacent the floor  30   f  than the width closer to the peak  32 . 
     As is also shown, the product chute  30  may include an outwardly flaring edge portion  34  that gradually tapers into the primary chute body. Thus, the product chute  30  can include a larger front-end cavity area relative to the intermediate and/or discharging portion  30   d , i.e., the chute cavity  30   c  narrows in the pushing/product travel direction. Thus, the product chute  30  can include a primary body and a larger upstream guide portion that narrows into the shape of the primary body. The chute  30  may be formed as a unitary member or a series of attached members (not shown). 
     In operation, a supply of covering material  100   c  can be placed on or about the chute  30  and arranged to surround the exterior surface of at least a portion of the product chute  30 . The covering material  100   c  stretches in tension in the downstream direction to cover the product (tenting in the axial direction) as the product exits the discharge end portion of the product chute  30   d . In certain embodiments, the covering material is configured and sized to stretch in at least the lateral direction and typically in both the lateral and axial directions as it is held on and dispensed from the product chute  30 . 
     The product chute  30  can include a handle  35  or other suitable gripping means thereon to facilitate operator handling. In addition, the product chute  30  may include a mounting bracket  36  that allows the chute  30  to be secured to a mounting frame during operation. Although the product chute  30  is shown as having a continuous outer surface or wall, other configurations may also be used. For example, the chute wall or walls may include a slot or apertures and may not be a closed configuration, typically depending on the application. However, the chute  30  should be configured to provide sufficient structural support for the covering material (typically sized and configured to hold the covering stretched in both lateral and longitudinal directions) and to allow the product to enter the product material as it exits the product chute  30 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates that the chute  30  can have a channel  30   ch.  In this embodiment, the chute  30  employs two spaced apart axially extending ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2 . The spaced apart ribs define the channel  30   ch  therebetween. The width of the channel  30   ch  may correspond to the width of the product, i.e., or a projecting part thereof. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2  may direct the product to reside primarily in the channel  30   ch  and, thus, align the product for centered discharge. For the single or dual rib configuration, the rib  30   r  can extend the entire length of the chute  30  or terminate a distance before the discharge end  30   d.    
       FIGS. 10A–10C  illustrate an alternative embodiment of a chute with a channel  30   ch.  In this embodiment, the channel  30   ch  is formed by at least one longitudinally extending well  30   w  with sidewalls that rise a distance above a lowermost portion of the well  30   w . The well  30   w  can be relatively shallow, typically less than a minor portion of the height of the chute, and typically about 20% or less than the height of the chute  30  above the well  30   w , but sufficiently deep to receive a projecting portion of a target object therein, similar to the depth of the channel formed by the ribs in the embodiment discussed above. 
     In some embodiments, the channel  30   ch,  whether formed by the ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2  and/or the well  30   w , can have a depth that is between about 1–4 inches deep, typically between about 1.25–3 inches deep, and more typically less than about 2 inches deep, and may be between about 1.5–2 inches deep. The well  30   w  can have a width that is less than the width of the chute. As shown, the well  30   w  can reside in a medial portion of the chute floor and have a width that is between about 20–70% of the width of the chute, typically between about 40–50% of the width of the chute. In some embodiments, the channel can be between about 2–6 inches wide, and may typically be between about 3–5 inches wide. 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , the channel  30   ch  (provided by either the well  30   w  or the ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2 ) can be configured with a depth and width sufficient to receive the projecting portion (typically back) of a poultry food item, such as a turkey, therein to thereby guide and align the turkey body substantially centrally in the chute (side-to-side) while allowing the turkey body to move through the chute substantially unimpeded for subsequent packaging in netting and ready to be delivered to a food market. The turkey or other poultry food can be a frozen or unfrozen whole turkey, and is typically a fresh unfrozen turkey encased in a bag, the state of the turkey being such that the back portion can project a small distance down into the channel  30   ch.  The chute  30  can be configured to process turkeys ranging in size from about 10–25 lbs, typically between about 12–20 lbs while orienting the turkey with its legs forward or rearward as desired depending on the desired netting and/or handle configuration. This can allow a looped handle to be located consistently, substantially centered side-to-side between turkey packages. 
       FIGS. 11 ,  12  and  15  illustrate that the chute  30  may have a combination of both one or more longitudinally extending ribs  30   r  and a well  30   w . In some embodiments, either the one or more ribs  30   r  and/or the well  30   w  can be generally continuous along the length of the chute  30 , discontinuous, and/or terminate or start before the discharge or receiving end the chute body. 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  illustrate that the ribs  30   r  may be positioned on the floor of the chute and  FIG. 15  illustrates that one or more ribs  30   r  (shown herein as two) may be disposed above the well  30   w  (either overhead and/or to the side thereof). 
       FIGS. 10A–10C  illustrate examples of different well shapes that can be configured to merge into a generally planar portion of the floor.  FIG. 13  illustrates that the well  30   w  can merge into sidewalls that angle upwardly to an outer wall of the chute. In other embodiments, other configurations of chute floors may be used to connect the well  30   w  to the outer wall. 
       FIG. 14  is a cross sectional view of a product chute having a non-circular upper body according to embodiments of the present invention. Other non-circular configurations may be used, such as, but not limited to, generally elliptical, oval, curvilinear, triangular, hexagonal, pentagonal, and the like. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates that the product chute  30  may be held substantially horizontally during operation.  FIG. 7  illustrates that the product chute may be held tilted with respect to horizontal during operation. The tilt may be configured so that the chute extends angularly down at between about 30–60 degrees.  FIGS. 6 and 7  also illustrate that the discharge end  30   d  of the product chute may be configured so that a top portion of the chute is shorter than a bottom portion of the chute. As shown, the discharge end of the chute  30   d  is angled from top to bottom, typically at about 10–45 degrees. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates that at least one rib  30   r , shown as both of the ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2 , veer inwardly a distance along a portion of the length of the chute.  FIG. 8  illustrates that the two opposing ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2  travel toward each other to narrow the channel  30   ch  and then remain at a fixed spaced apart distance the remainder of the length of the chute. In other embodiments, the ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2 , travel inwardly along substantially the entire length of the chute  30  (not shown). Alternatively, the ribs  30   r   1 ,  30   r   2  may be configured to extend in parallel (substantially straight) through substantially the entire length of the chute cavity. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates an alternate configuration of ribs, each rib  30   r  having a rounded and/or arcuate upper portion  30   u . Embodiments of the present invention contemplate that other rib configurations may also be used. 
     Although shown with a single object in a netting package, other embodiments of the invention use the product chutes  30  to package groups of objects (not shown). 
     The product chute floor  30   f  may be a stationary floor as shown. However, it is also noted that the product chute  30  may include a moving floor. The chute  30  may be sized relative to the product  100  so that the product  100  extends across a major portion of the width of the cavity, and in certain embodiments, extends across at least about 75% of the width of the cavity. In certain embodiments, the product  100  and chute cavity  30   c  are sized so that the sides and/or top and bottom of the product  100  are pressed against the sidewalls of the chute cavity as the product is pushed therethrough. 
     The chutes  30  can vary in length depending on the target object or objects and the netting or covering material used, and the like. In particular embodiments, the chutes can have lengths of between about one (1) foot–eight (8) feet long, and more typically between about 2–6 feet long. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , the product chute  30  can be configured to mount on a mounting bracket  36  that fits into a frame on the apparatus  10 ,  11 . The bracket  36  can include a planar platform  30   b   1  (typically mounted substantially horizontal) that is connected to an upwardly extending segment  30   b   2  (typically substantially vertical). The mounting bracket  36  can be configured to relatively easily attach to and be removed from the frame of the apparatus  10 ,  11  so as to be releasably mountable thereto. The mounting bracket  36  can hold the product chute  30  in alignment with the clipper mechanism  40  downstream and, where used, the product pusher mechanism  20  upstream. In certain embodiments, the system  10 ,  11  can include a first product chute and a respective first mounting bracket  36  and a second product chute  30  releasably mountable to the apparatus frame  10 ,  11  at the same position (interchangeable chutes) using a respective second mounting bracket  36  that can be configured substantially the same as the first mounting bracket  36 . In other embodiments, the product chute  30  can be lifted off of the mounting bracket  36  (leaving the mounting bracket in place) and another chute  30  placed thereon. The second product chute may be sized and configured the same as the first product chute  30  and loaded with a second supply of covering material. The covering material may be the same as that of the first product chute or different. Thus, the respective first and second mounting brackets  36  can be configured as quick disconnect components (merely loosening and/or releasing attachment hardware) to allow the first and second product chutes  30  to be interchanged on the system  10 ,  11  in under 5 minutes, and more typically in under about 2 minutes, to allow an operator to employ at least one of a different size product chute, a different configuration product chute, different packaging material dispensed by the product chute. 
     The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses, where used, are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Therefore, it is to be understood that the foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications to the disclosed embodiments, as well as other embodiments, are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.