Patent Publication Number: US-2021185165-A1

Title: System and method for limiting mobile device functionality in a geographic area

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/160,175, filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on Oct. 15, 2018 titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LIMITING MOBILE DEVICE FUNCTIONALITY IN A GEOGRAPHIC AREA”, which was published by the USPTO as U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2020-0084314 A1 on Mar. 12, 2020 and which issued from the USPTO as U.S. Pat. No. 10,931,816 on Feb. 23, 2021, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety; which is a continuation-in-part application (CIP) of U.S. Patent Application No.  14 / 947 , 385  filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on November  20 ,  2015  titled “Limiting Mobile Device Functionality in a Vehicle” which was published by the USPTO as U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2017-0078474 A1 on Mar. 16, 2017, and which issued from the USPTO as U.S. Pat. No. 10,104,224 on Oct. 16, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety; which was is a continuation-in-part application (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/212,740, filed in the USPTO on Mar. 14, 2014, entitled “Limiting Mobile Device Functionality in a Vehicle”, which was published by the USPTO as U.S. Patent Publication No. U.S. 2014-0274026 A1 on Sep. 18, 2014, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and which is a non-provisional of and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/801,025, filed in the USPTO on Mar. 15, 2013, entitled “Method and System for Limiting Mobile Device Functionality in a Vehicle”, which is also hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The present disclosure generally relates to limiting the functionality of mobile devices when such devices are located within predetermined geographic areas. Such areas may be, for example, work areas designated by employers such as retail store sales floors, warehouses, factory and manufacturing facilities, and offices; areas related to vehicular traffic such as crosswalks and intersections; areas in which danger may be present requiring that a mobile device user stay alert and not be distracted by the use of a mobile device such as subway or train platforms; areas in which specified activities are expected to occur requiring a mobile device user to pay attention and not be distracted by the use of a mobile device such as classrooms or lecture halls; and any other geographic area in which it is desired that person&#39;s situational awareness not be diminished or subject to distraction. These examples of predetermined areas are exemplary only, and are not intended to be non-limiting. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The personal, societal, and economic impacts of the distracting nature of mobile device use are well chronicled. For example, studies show that texting while driving increases the risk of an accident by 2300%. Texting while driving resulted in  16 , 141  deaths in the U.S. between 2001 and 2007, and in 2009, 5,474 people were killed in the U.S. because of accidents that involved distracted driving. Another 448,000 were injured. 
     Younger generations have grown up using texting and email from a very young age. Most teenagers send hundreds, if not thousands, of texts each week, making it their primary form of communication. It is an engrained habit. Stepping away from it voluntarily, even when presented with the dangers to themselves and others they may impact, is very difficult. The increasing amount of accidents, cost, injuries, and deaths is alarming. 
     Current systems have attempted to address this issue but have major drawbacks. Such drawbacks include reliance on multiple voluntary actions by the driver and/or reliance on the motion of the vehicle (i.e. a certain minimum speed). There are many documented crashes involving a driver texting while driving at a slow speed, such as rolling slowly through a stop or red light into an intersection. Some systems rely on wireless transmissions, such as conventional Bluetooth®, that require synchronization with each vehicle. Some systems also gather driver performance data, such as speed or number of hard stops. Such systems may be considered intrusive on the driver&#39;s privacy. Many systems can be readily defeated by a driver determined to do so. In addition, some systems&#39; components can be disabled without accountability to a monitoring entity. 
     As such, there is a need in the art for a system and method that can automatically limit mobile device functionality, including the ability to text, when a mobile device is within a geographic area that, preferably but not necessarily, has been predefined. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with the teachings disclosed herein, embodiments related to a method, device, and system for limiting mobile device functionality in a predetermined geographic area are disclosed and claimed. Also disclosed is a system and method in which a vehicle has a disabling device associated therewith and the disabling device comprises a motion detector. 
     In an embodiment, the system comprises a disabling device and a mobile device. The disabling device has a motion detector, a microcontroller, and a signal generator. The microcontroller, which is in communication with the motion detector, receives a motion status of the vehicle from the motion detector. The signal generator, which is in communication with the microcontroller, transmits a disabling signal when it receives the motion status of the vehicle indicating that the vehicle is in motion. The mobile device, which has a software application residing thereon, receives the disabling signal. The software application alters the mobile device&#39;s system configuration responsive to the received disabling signal. 
     In an additional embodiment, the disabling device comprises a motion detector, microcontroller and a signal generator. The microcontroller, which is in communication with the motion detector, receives a motion status of the vehicle from the motion detector. The signal generator, which is in communication with the microcontroller, transmits a disabling signal when it receives the motion status of the vehicle indicating that the vehicle is in motion. 
     In another embodiment, a method comprises detecting, at the motion detector, a motion status of the vehicle. A disabling signal is transmitted to a mobile device in communication with the disabling device. The disabling signal is transmitted as long as the motion status of the vehicle indicates the vehicle is in motion. The determination of the motion status may repeat continuously or periodically. The disabling signal triggers a software application on the mobile device to limit the functionality of the mobile device. 
     In further embodiment, a method comprises polling, at a mobile device, for a disabling signal. The disabling signal originates at a disabling device. Once a disabling signal is received by the mobile device and it is determined that the disabling signal is valid, the mobile device&#39;s system configuration is altered by a software application on the mobile device. The mobile device continues polling for the disabling signal. The mobile device&#39;s system configuration is restored when the disabling signal is not received for a pre-determined amount of time. 
     In further embodiment, the invention comprises a system for limiting mobile device functionality in a geographic area in which it is desired to limit or control the use of a mobile device, comprising at least one disabling device having a signal generator in which the signal generator transmits a disabling signal that is effective in the geographic area, and a mobile device comprising a receiver for receiving the disabling signal, in which a Device Owner Application on the mobile device alters the mobile device&#39;s system configuration responsive to the disabling signal. The Device Owner Application residing on the mobile device may perform any combination of the following functions when the mobile device is located within the geographic area by altering the mobile device&#39;s system configuration: 1) restrict the mobile device&#39;s ability to send and receive text messages and email messages; 2) restrict the mobile device&#39;s ability to respond to user input; 3) restrict the mobile device&#39;s ability to place and receive phone calls; 4) restrict the mobile device&#39;s ability to place and receive phone calls requiring user interaction with a touch screen or a keyboard of the mobile device; 5) restrict the mobile device&#39;s ability to utilize a web browser application on the mobile device to access certain pre-determined web sites, to allow access to only certain pre-determined web sites, or the deny access to all web sites. In this embodiment, the signal generator and said mobile device receiver may form a communication link that does not require an affirmative action by a user to communicate. The geographic area is defined as any area in which it is desired to restrict use of a mobile device by a mobile device user, for example a work area, a school area, a vehicle traffic area, and a train platform. The invention also includes a method of limiting mobile device functionality in a geographic area in which it is desired to limit or control the use of a mobile device when the mobile device is located within a geographic area comprising providing a disabling device having a signal generator capable of transmitting a disabling signal, said disabling signal being effective within a desired geographic area, and not being effective outside the desired geographic area; transmitting said disabling signal within said desired geographic area; receiving said disabling signal by a mobile device comprising a Device Owner Application, said mobile device receiving said disabling signal as long as the mobile device is located within desired geographic area; and limiting the functionality of the mobile device by the Device Owner Application as long as the mobile device is located within desired geographic area. The method may also include polling, at the mobile device, for the disabling signal from the disabling device; receiving, at the mobile device, the disabling signal; and altering the mobile device&#39;s system configuration responsive to the disabling signal being valid, said altering carried out by said Device Owner Application. In an embodiment the method of the invention may further comprise receiving, at the mobile device, a second disabling signal; determining if the second disabling signal is valid; and restoring the mobile device&#39;s system configuration responsive to the second disabling signal being invalid, said restoring carried out by said Device Owner Application. The geographic area of the method may further be defined as being selected from the group consisting of a work area, a school area, a vehicle traffic area, and a train platform; and the functionality may be defined as being selected from the group consisting of the ability to place a phone call, the ability to send and receive text messages and email messages, the mobile device&#39;s ability to respond to user input, and the ability to utilize a web browser to access web sites via the Internet. The invention may comprise a method of limiting mobile device functionality in a geographic area in which it is desired to limit or control the use of a mobile device comprising: polling, at the mobile device, for a disabling signal from a disabling device; receiving, at said mobile device, a disabling signal from said disabling device; determining if the disabling signal is valid; altering, by a Device Owner Application on the mobile device, the mobile device&#39;s system configuration responsive to the disabling signal being valid; polling for the disabling signal; and restoring the mobile device&#39;s system configuration responsive to not receiving the disabling signal after a pre-determined amount of time. The disabling signal comprises an identifier. The Device Owner Application may alter the mobile device&#39;s system configuration by restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to send and receive text messages and emails; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to respond to user input; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to place and receive phone calls; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to place and receive phone calls that require user interaction with a touch screen or a keyboard of the mobile device; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to utilize a web browser application on the mobile device to access pre-determined web sites, access only certain pre-determined web sites, or prohibit accessing any web sites whatsoever. The method may further comprise transmitting an alert to a monitoring party&#39;s device when the mobile device&#39;s ability to limit mobile device functionality in an operating vehicle is tampered with or disabled. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a system for limiting mobile device functionality in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart of a method of limiting mobile device functionality in a vehicle from the perspective of the disabling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart of a method of limiting mobile device functionality in a vehicle from the perspective of the disabling device according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of a method of issuing monitoring alerts from the perspective of the disabling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart of method of monitoring three exemplary events from the perspective of the disabling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary mobile device on which at least a portion of the method of limiting mobile device functionality in an operating vehicle may occur according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a method of limiting device functionality in an operating vehicle from the perspective of the mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart of a method of limiting mobile device functionality in a vehicle from the perspective of the mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 9A through 9C  are flowcharts of methods of issuing monitoring alerts from the perspective of the mobile device according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  depicts a system diagram for an embodiment of the invention in which the system and method of the device restrict mobile device functionality within a geographic area. 
         FIG. 11  depicts a flow diagram for an embodiment of the invention in which the system and method of the device restrict mobile device functionality within a geographic area. 
     
    
    
     In the figures of the drawings, like item callouts refer to like features. 
     DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     A detailed description of the embodiments for a system, device, and method for limiting mobile device functionality in an operating vehicle will now be presented with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 11 . One of skill in the art will recognize that these embodiments are not intended to be limitations on the scope, and that modifications are possible without departing from the spirit thereof. In certain instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail. 
     As used herein, “Device Owner Application” includes within its meaning a specific type of application that 1) must be loaded onto a mobile device at the time of manufacture of the mobile device, or is loaded onto a mobile device only after a hardware reset of the mobile device; and 2) cannot be disabled or turned off by a user of the mobile device unless a hardware reset of the device is performed. This is in contrast to an application that has been downloaded and installed on a mobile device from a web site such as an online application store (“downloaded applications”). Such downloaded applications may be deleted, disabled, or turned off by a user of the mobile device without the need for performing a hardware reset of the mobile device and are not within the definition of “Device Owner Application” A Device Owner Application is an application that cannot be defeated, disabled or uninstalled by a user of the mobile device. A Device Owner Application is structurally different from a downloaded application in that it runs as a Device Administrator on the mobile device, and as such may take control of mobile device configuration and security functions, and may alter the configuration of the mobile device. Downloaded applications are not able to take control of configuration and security functions, and are not able to alter the configuration of a mobile device. 
     As used herein, “application” or “software” includes within its meaning a set of non-transitory computer executable instructions that may be executed by a processor or controller, or by a plurality of processors or controllers. The non-transitory computer executable instructions may reside in a physical computer readable media that is in communication with the processors or controllers. 
     In an embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 1 , system  100  comprises disabling device  101  and mobile device  102 . Disabling device  101  can be mounted, installed or otherwise positioned in a vehicle, such as for example cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, trains and other motor vehicles. Disabling device  101  may be encased in a compact enclosure, such as a polycase. Disabling device  101  may be compact for discrete mounting on a vehicle windshield. Disabling device may be positioned on the interior of the vehicle at or near the corner of the windshield, on the windshield near the rearview mirror or at another location within the vehicle. Disabling device  101  comprises motion detector  103 , processor or microcontroller unit (MCU)  104  in communication with motion detector  103 , cellular radio  105  in communication with MCU  104 , signal generator  106  in communication with MCU  104 , power source  108  in communication with motion detector  103 , MCU  104 , cellular radio  105 , and signal generator  106 . Disabling device  101  may optionally comprise backup power source  112  in communication with MCU  104 . Backup power source  112  may also be in communication with one or more of motion detector  103 , cellular radio  105 , and signal generator  106 . Disabling device may optionally comprise solar cell  109  in communication with power source  108 . Solar cell  109  may also be in communication with backup power source  112 . Mobile device  102 , further shown and described below and in  FIG. 6 , has a software application, or app, (e.g. Device Owner Application (DOA), mobile device management system or other applicable software) residing thereon that is capable of receiving a disabling signal from disabling device  101 . 
     Motion detector  103  determines the motion status of a vehicle. Motion detector  103  may be, for example, an accelerometer, a gyroscope or both an accelerometer and a gyroscope. Motion detector  103  may detect, for example, acceleration, direction (up/down/forward/backward), speed or a combination thereof. Motion detector  103  transmits a signal comprising the motion status to MCU  104 . Upon arrival at MCU  104 , the signal is converted into a signal readable by MCU  104 . This can be accomplished, for example, through the use of peripheral interface technology such as UART/SPI (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter/serial peripheral interface) or I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit). 
     MCU  104  uses the motion status within the signal received from motion detector  103  to ascertain the motion status of the vehicle. If the motion status indicates that the vehicle is in motion, MCU  104  instructs signal generator  106  to broadcast a disabling signal. MCU  104  interfaces with signal generator  106 , which may be, for example, a 802.11 radio, a Bluetooth® beacon, a Bluetooth® low energy beacon or any device that can transmit a similar electronic signal or trigger (which may optionally comprise an identifier), via any known mechanism, for example, UART or SPI. Motion detector  103  may detect movement of the vehicle causing it to produce a motion status indicating that the vehicle is in motion. Alternatively, motion detector  103  may only produce a motion status indicating that the vehicle is in motion once the motion has surpassed a certain threshold, such as, for example a pre-determined speed, a predetermined acceleration or a combination thereof If the vehicle is not moving or alternatively, has not exceeded a movement threshold, motion detector  103  may produce a motion status indicating that the vehicle is not in motion. Alternatively, motion detector may not produce a signal, which may be interpreted by MCU  104  to mean that the vehicle was not in motion and that the motion status should so indicate. MCU  104  may continuously or periodically monitor motion detector  103  for vehicle movement. 
     If a disabling signal has been broadcast and mobile device  102  is in range of the broadcasting signal, the software residing on mobile device  102  will alter the system configuration of mobile device  102  to restrict the user&#39;s ability to perform certain tasks including, for example, using the keyboard, using the touch screen or sending and/or receiving text messages, email messages, and/or phone calls. Use of some features, such as maps, dialing 911 and voice-activated calling can still be permitted. Broadcast of the disabling signal will continue or be performed at regular intervals (e.g. every 20 seconds) until the motion status indicates that that the vehicle is not in motion. The disabling signal can be, for example, a Bluetooth® low energy beacon signal (or transmission). The broadcasting range of the disabling signal can be limited to only encompass the driver area or vehicle (e.g. 3-10 feet). The broadcast of the disabling signal may continue after the motion status of the vehicle becomes non-moving for a predetermined amount of time (e.g. one to two minutes). 
     MCU  104  ensures disabling device  101 &#39;s operation by checking for connectivity to other disabling device components and for installation in and/or removal from a vehicle. This can be accomplished with internal programming and/or a physical or software switch. As an example of monitoring for installation and/or removal, if disabling device is attached to the vehicle (for example, on the windshield) using suction cups or adhesive or another similar mounting mechanism, a pressure switch can be used to detect installation and/or removal of the disabling device. In addition, MCU  104  monitors power source  108  for the status of the power supply. 
     System  100  can further include monitoring party&#39;s device  111 . Cellular radio  105  communicates wirelessly with monitoring party&#39;s device  111 . Monitoring party&#39;s device  111  may monitor the status of disabling device  101  and the app running on mobile device  102 . Cellular radio  105  may use GSM cellular modules (global system for mobile communications) or any other known transmission service. Cellular radio  105  may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card and may be equipped with SMS text capabilities. Cellular radio  105 , at the direction of MCU  104 , can send messages/alerts, such as, for example a short message service (SMS) push notification comprising an identifier of the disabling device to monitoring party&#39;s device  111 , when certain events occur. For example, a message may be sent when disabling device  101  is activated, when disabling device  101  is removed from the vehicle, when the available power in power source  108  or back-up power source  112  is low or when cellular radio  105  has low cellular service as well as periodic alerts showing the device is working properly. The app running on mobile device  102  can also send notifications, such as ‘app installed’, ‘app disabled’, or ‘app functioning normally’, to monitoring party&#39;s device  111 . The notifications from the app may include mobile device  102 &#39;s phone number. A monitoring party may be an insurance company or a concerned parent. Monitoring party&#39;s device  111  enables the monitoring party to receive information verifying that disabling device  101  and the app running on mobile device  102  are operational. 
     Power source  108  may be, for example, a battery or a long life battery. Power source  108  may provide power to MCU  104 , motion detector  103 , cellular radio  105 , and/or signal generator  106  if the element itself is not self-powered or it may serve as a secondary power source for any self-powered element. Disabling system may be hard-wired to the vehicle it is installed in. In this case, MCU  104 , motion detector  103 , cellular radio  105 , and/or signal generator  106  may draw power from the vehicle&#39;s power source. Power source  108  may then be used in the event disabling device  101  is removed from the vehicle or the hard-wired connection is severed. 
     Backup power source, which may be for example a backup battery, may provide power to MCU  104  and cellular radio  105  to allow cellular radio  105  to send an alert to monitoring party  111  when MCU  104  detects that the power available in power source  108  is low. Backup power source  112  may also provide power to signal generator  106  and motion detector  103  when the power available from power source  108  is low to allow disabling device  101  to operate continuously. 
     MCU  104  may also store information related to the driver/user or to the vehicle disabling device  101  is attached to. Such information may include the account number and name of the user and the make, year, and/or model of the vehicle. Such information can also be transmitted, as needed, via cellular radio  103  to, for example, monitoring party&#39;s device  111 , or via signal generator  106  to, for example, mobile device  102 . 
     Solar cell  109  may be used to recharge power source  108  and/or backup power source  112 . 
     System  100  may further include remote server  113  having a database (whitelist) containing a list of media access control (MAC) addresses or other unique identifier assigned to the signal generator of each disabling device in operation. Remote server  113  may be in bi-directional, wireless communication with mobile device  102 . This list, or whitelist, can be queried by the software running on a mobile device to determine if a received disabling signal is coming from a valid source. This may prevent a bad actor from attempting to disable a phone by sending a disabling signal from an unauthorized device. 
     An embodiment of a method of the present invention from the perspective of disabling device  101  (method  300 ) is illustrated in the flowchart in  FIG. 2  with reference to disabling device  101  of  FIG. 1 . As shown in operation  305 , disabling device  101  receives the motion status of the vehicle from motion detector  103 . If, in operation  315 , the motion status indicates that the vehicle is not in motion, disabling device  101  continues receiving the motion status from motion detector  103 . Otherwise, disabling device  101 , in operation  320 , transmits a disabling signal using signal generator  106 . Disabling device  101  then repeats the process. Optionally, disabling device  101  can, in operation  325 , wait a predetermined amount of time before repeating this process. 
     Another embodiment of a method of the present invention from the perspective of disabling device  101  (method  400 ) is illustrated in the flowchart of  FIG. 3  with reference to disabling device  101  of  FIG. 1 . As shown, method  400  begins initially with the disabling signal turned off In operation  405 , disabling device  101  receives the motion status of the vehicle from motion detector  103 . If, in operation  415 , the motion status indicates that the vehicle is in motion, disabling device  101 , in operation  420 , transmits a disabling signal using wireless signal generator  106 . Broadcast of the disabling signal continues while the vehicle is in motion. Disabling device  101  then repeats the process. Optionally, disabling device  101  can, in operation  425 , wait a predetermined amount of time before repeating this process. If, in operation  415 , the motion status indicates that the vehicle is not in motion, then disabling device  101 , in operation  430 , determines if the disabling signal is turned on. If the disabling signal is off, then the process repeats. If the disabling signal is on, then it is turned off in operation  440  and the process repeats. Optionally, disabling device  101  can, in operation  440 , wait a predetermined amount of time before turning off disabling signal and repeating the process. Waiting a predetermined amount of time (e.g. one to two minutes) before repeating the process, allows for the host vehicle to come to a temporary stop (e.g. at a stop light or stop sign) without allowing the mobile device to return to normal operations. 
     Optionally, MCU  104  can monitor signal generator  106  for endpoint connectivity (e.g. a connection to mobile device  102 ) if such connectivity is possible with the technology used for the signal generator. Once a connection is established, disabling device  101  can send a wireless signal or notification to mobile device  102 . 
     As discussed previously, cellular radio  105 , at the direction of MCU  104 , can send alerts, such as, for example a short message service (SMS) push notification, to monitoring party&#39;s device  111 , when certain events occur. An embodiment of a portion of the method of the present invention that issues these alerts is shown in  FIG. 4 . In operation  505  of method  500 , disabling device  101  determines whether a monitoring event has occurred. If, in operation  510 , a monitoring event has occurred, an alert will be transmitted to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  in operation  515 . If, in operation  510 , no monitoring event has occurred, then disabling device  101  continues checking for a monitoring event. 
     Monitoring events may include disabling device  101  being removed from a host vehicle, disabling device  101  being secured in a host vehicle, or disabling device  101  losing power for a predetermined amount of time. A method of monitoring these three exemplary events (method  600 ) is illustrated in  FIG. 5  with reference to disabling device  101  of  FIG. 1 . In operation  605 , disabling device  101  determines if it has been newly installed in a host vehicle. If disabling device has been newly installed, then, in operation  610 , cellular radio  105  sends an alert to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that the initial installation of disabling device  101  is complete. If the disabling device has not been newly installed, then, in operation  615 , disabling device  101  determines if it has been removed from the vehicle. If disabling device  101  has been removed from the vehicle, then, in operation  620 , cellular radio  105  sends an alert to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that disabling device  101  has been removed. If disabling device  101  is still installed, disabling device  101  determines if it has lost power from power source  108  for a predetermined amount of time (e.g. two minutes). This can be determined by monitoring MCU  104 &#39;s interface with power source  108 . If disabling device  101  has lost power from power source  108  for a predetermined amount of time, cellular radio  105 , which may be powered by backup power source  112  or its own power source, sends an alert to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that disabling device  101  has lost power from power source  108 . If disabling device  101  has not lost power from power source  108 , then the process continues monitoring for disabling device  101 &#39;s removal from the vehicle (operation  615 ) and disabling device  101  losing power from power source  108  (operation  625 ). 
     Disabling device  101  can also perform a self-test to ensure that its disabling signal is transmitting and power source  108  is operational. A monitoring alert can then be sent at pre-determined intervals (e.g. every 30 days) to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that disabling device  101  is functioning properly. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a mobile device  102  according to an exemplary embodiment, which may be, for example mobile device  102  as described above and shown in  FIGS. 1 and 10 . The exemplary mobile device includes memory  701  in communication with processor  702  and user interface module  703 , which includes touch-screen display module  704  and tactile feedback module  705 , all of which is described in further detail below. Mobile device  102  may also comprise transceiver  706  for receiving or transmitting, or both, wireless signals  707 , which may be any radio frequency (RF) signals such as WiFi, Bluetooth®, Low Energy Bluetooth®; Near Field Communications (NFC) or any other RF signal of any type or nature; optical signals such as infrared optical signals; or any other wireless signals known in the art. Processor  702  may be in communication with transceiver  707 . In an embodiment, wireless signal  707  may be the wireless signal  1202  as depicted in  FIG. 10 . It should be understood, that a mobile device as illustrated and hereinafter described is merely illustrative of a mobile device that could benefit from embodiments of the invention and, therefore, should not be taken to limit the scope of the invention. While one embodiment of the mobile device is illustrated for purposes of example, other types of mobile electronic devices, such as, but not limited to, mobile phones, smart phones, portable digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, mobile computing devices, gaming devices, laptop computers, media players, and other types of mobile electronic systems, may readily employ embodiments of the invention. 
     An embodiment of the method of the present invention from the perspective of mobile device  102  (method  800 ) is illustrated in the flowchart of  FIG. 7 . As shown in operation  805 , software running on mobile device  102  polls for a disabling signal. Once a disabling signal is received (in operation  810 ), the software determines if it is valid in operation  815 . If the disabling signal is not valid, the software continues polling for a disabling signal in operation  805 . If the disabling signal is valid, then the software alters the system configuration of mobile device  102  in operation  820  to restrict the user&#39;s ability to perform certain tasks. These tasks may include, for example, using the keyboard, or sending and/or receiving text messages and/or email messages, placing and/or receiving phone calls, or placing and/or receiving phone calls when not in hands-free mode. In operation  825 , the software continues to poll for a disabling signal. In operation  830 , the software determines if the same disabling signal has been received within a predetermined period of time. If it has, then the software continues to poll for a disabling signal (operation  825 ). If the same disabling signal has not been received within a predetermined period of time, the software restores the system configuration of mobile device  102  in operation  835 . 
     Another embodiment of the method of the present invention from the perspective of mobile device  102  (method  900 ) is illustrated in the flowchart of  FIG. 8 . As shown in operation  905 , software running on mobile device  102  polls for a disabling signal. The disabling signal, which may be, for example a Bluetooth® beacon signal (or transmission), includes identifiers, such as, for example, a universally unique identifiers (UUID) or a MAC address. Once a disabling signal is received (in operation  910 ), the software queries, in operation  920 , a locally located list of known identifiers to determine, in operation  940 , if the identifier received in the disabling signal is contained in the local list. If the identifier is not in the local list, then, in operation  945 , a remotely located list of known identifiers is queried to determine, in operation  950 , if the identifier is contained in the remote list. If the identifier is not contained in the remote list, the identifier is not recognized and the software continues polling for a disabling signal in operation  905 . If the MAC address is contained in the remote list, the MAC address is added to the local list in operation  955 . Once a valid MAC address has been confirmed, the software alters the system configuration of mobile device  102  in operation  920  to restrict the user&#39;s ability to perform certain tasks including, for example, using the keyboard, or sending and/or receiving text messages, email messages, and/or phone calls. In operation  925 , the software continues to poll for a disabling signal. In operation  930 , the software determines if the same network identifier has been received within a predetermined period of time. If it has, then the software continues to poll for a disabling signal (operation  925 ). If the same disabling signal has not been received within a predetermined period of time, the software restores the system configuration of mobile device  102  in operation  935 . 
     Like disabling device  101 , the software running on mobile device  102  can protect itself from tampering and verify its own operable status by transmitting alerts, such as, for example, a SMS push notification containing, for example, mobile device  102 &#39;s phone number, to monitoring party&#39;s device  111 . Monitoring events can include the software being installed on mobile device  102  or the software being disabled. The software running on mobile device  102  may comprise two separate apps—a primary system app and a secondary app. The primary app may be monitored by the secondary app. The purpose of the secondary app is to send an alert to monitoring party device  111  in the event of removal of the primary app. The primary app also monitors the secondary app and sends an alert to monitoring party device  111  in the event of removal of the secondary app. In this respect the primary and secondary app independently monitor each other for removal, making the app portion of the system self-protecting. Methods (methods  1000 ,  1015 , and  1030 ) that issue exemplary alerts originating from mobile device  102  are shown in  FIGS. 9A through 9C . 
     As shown in  FIG. 9A , method  1000  determines, in operation  1005 , if the primary app and the secondary app have been newly installed on mobile device  102 . If the software has been newly installed, then, in operation  1010 , mobile device  102  sends an alert to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that the software installation has been completed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9B , method  1015  determines, in operation  1020 , if the primary app or the secondary app has been removed. If either app has been removed, then, in operation  1025 , an alert is sent to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that the primary app or secondary app (as applicable) has been removed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9C , method  1030  determines, in operation  1035 , if mobile device  102  has received a disabling signal. If no disabling signal has been received, then the software continues to wait for the disabling signal to arrive. If a disabling signal has been received, then, in operation  1040 , the software determines if it is the first time mobile device  102  is receiving the disabling signal. If this is not the first time mobile device  102  has received a disabling signal, then the system configuration of mobile device  102  is altered in operation  1050 . If this is the first time mobile device  102  has received a disabling signal, then, in operation  1045 , an alert is sent to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that the software installation and communication with disabling device  102  has completed. The system configuration of mobile device  102  is then altered in operation  1050 . After mobile device  102 &#39;s system configuration has been altered, the software, in operation  1055 , determines if a predetermined amount of time (e.g. two minutes) has lapsed since mobile device  102  received a disabling signal. If not, then the software continues polling for a disabling signal in operation  1035 . If the predetermined amount of time has lapsed then the software restores the system configuration of mobile device  102  in operation  1060 . 
     The software running on mobile device  102  can also perform a self-test to ensure that it is receiving disabling signals at expected intervals (e.g. every 15 seconds or twice within any 30 second window) and it is altering mobile device  102 &#39;s system configuration upon receipt of a valid disabling signal. A monitoring alert can then be sent at pre-determined intervals (e.g. every 30 days) to monitoring party&#39;s device  111  indicating that the software running on mobile device  102  is functioning properly. 
     The following are exemplary scenarios demonstrating pre-operational functionality of embodiments of the present invention. 
     Disabling device set-up—the disabling device is intact but not in the vehicle:
         Motion detector: Inactive.   Power source (battery): Inactive (charged).   MCU: Inactive.   Signal generator: Inactive.   Cellular Radio: Inactive.       

     Disabling device installed—the vehicle is not moving:
         Motion detector: Power available from disabling device&#39;s battery   Power source (battery): Inactive (charging).   MCU: Recognizes connectivity to the motion detector via internal programming, physical switch or software switch and initiates a monitoring alert (e.g. push notification); analyzes the signal from the motion detector for the motion status of the vehicle.   Signal generator: Inactive.   Cellular Radio: Transmits ‘Disabling device installed’ alert to the monitoring party&#39;s device.       

     Vehicle not moving; disabling device installed:
         Motion detector: Active   Power source (battery): Active   MCU: Active; monitoring the motion detector   Signal generator: Inactive   Cellular Radio: Inactive       

     Disabling device is removed:
         Motion detector: Inactive   Power source (battery): Active (discharging); Powers the MCU and the cellular radio   MCU: Recognizes the lack of connectivity of the disabling device to the vehicle via internal programming, physical switch or software switch; engages the battery and initiates a monitoring alert indicating that the disabling device has been disconnected   Signal generator: Inactive   Cellular Radio: Transmits monitoring alert (e.g. push notification) indicating that the disabling device has been disconnected to the monitoring party&#39;s device       

     The following are exemplary scenarios demonstrating operational functionality of embodiments of the present invention.
         Vehicle not moving; disabling device installed:   Motion detector: Power available from disabling device battery   Power source (battery): Active (charging)   MCU: Recognizes connectivity to the motion detector via internal programming, physical switch or software switch; analyzes the signal from the motion detector for the motion status of the vehicle   Signal generator: Inactive   Cellular Radio: Inactive       

     Vehicle moving; disabling device installed
         Interface: Power available from the disabling device is battery   Power source (battery): Active   MCU: Recognizes connectivity to the motion detector via internal programming, physical switch, or software switch; analyzes the signal from the motion detector for the motion status of the vehicle   Signal generator: Sends the disabling signal nominally every twenty (20) seconds   Cellular Radio: Inactive       

     Vehicle in motion or not in motion; disabling device Installed; power from (primary) battery is unavailable for a predetermined period of time (e.g. two minutes)
         Motion detector: Inactive   Power source (Primary battery): Inactive; not charging   Backup Power Source (Back-up battery): Active; Powers the MCU and the cellular radio   MCU: Recognizes connectivity to the motion detector via internal programming, physical switch or software switch; analyzes the signal from the motion detector for the motion status of the vehicle; recognizes (primary) battery power is unavailable for predetermined period of time (e.g. two minutes); initiates monitoring alert (e.g. push notification) indicating no (primary) battery power to the disabling device for a defined time period   Signal generator: Inactive   Cellular Radio: Transmits a monitoring alert to the monitoring party&#39;s device that the (primary) battery is not operational       

     Exemplary Electronic Devices—Mobile Device and Disabling Device 
       FIGS. 1 and 6  are block diagrams illustrating exemplary embodiments of disabling device  101  and mobile device  102 , respectively. It should be understood these exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative of disabling device and a mobile device that could benefit from embodiments of the invention and, therefore, should not be taken to limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, the apparatus of an example embodiment need not be the entire device, but may be a component or group of components of the device in other example embodiments. 
     Regarding mobile devices, devices may readily employ embodiments of the invention regardless of their intent to provide mobility. In this regard, even though embodiments of the invention are described in conjunction with a mobile device, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention may be utilized in conjunction with a variety of other electronic devices. 
     The devices may each comprise a processor or other processing circuitry. As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ refers to at least all of the following: hardware-only implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry) and to combinations of circuits and software and/or firmware such as to a combination of processors or portions of processors/software including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or tablet, to perform various functions and to circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present. This definition of ‘circuitry’ applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. 
     As a further example, as used in this application, the term “circuitry” would also cover an implementation of merely a processor, multiple processors, gate arrays, programmable logic arrays, field-programmable gate arrays, discrete logic or a portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. 
     Further, the processor(s) may comprise functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in memory and which may, among other things, cause the processor to implement at least one embodiment including, for example, one or more of the functions described above. The mobile device may comprise a user interface for providing output and/or receiving input. The mobile device may comprise an output device such as a ringer, a conventional earphone and/or speaker, a microphone, a display, and/or a user input interface, which are coupled to the processor. The user input interface, which allows the electronic device to receive data, may comprise means, such as one or more devices that may allow the electronic device to receive data, such as a keypad, a touch display, for example if the display comprises touch capability, and/or the like. 
     The devices may comprise a physical memory device including, in one embodiment, volatile memory, such as volatile Random Access Memory (RAM) including a cache area for the temporary storage of data. The devices may also comprise other physical memory, for example, non-volatile memory, which may be embedded and/or may be removable. The non-volatile memory may comprise an EEPROM, flash memory or the like. The memories may store any of a number of pieces of information, executable instructions, and data. The information, executable instructions and data may be used by the devices to implement one or more functions of the devices. 
     A further embodiment of the system and method of the invention is depicted in  FIG. 10 , which depicts an exemplary embodiment of the system and  FIG. 11 , which depicts an exemplary flow diagram of the steps of the method. Referring now to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , at least one disabling device  101  transmits a disabling signal  1202  within and to the extent of a geographic area  1200 , which has a boundary  1201 . A plurality of disabling devices, which need not be co-located, may be used in order to create any desired shape or size geographic area  1200 . Geographic area  1200  is depicted as circular in shape in  FIG. 10 , but this shape is exemplary only. Geographic area  1200  may be any arbitrary shape in which disabling signal  1202  is able to be received by mobile device  102 . Geographic area  1200  is not limited to a plane, in other words confined to only two dimensions, but may be any three dimensional shape. As such, geographic area  1200  could be, by way of example and not limitation, a hemispherical shape. In such cases the boundary  1201  of geographic area  1200  would comprise a surface area. Whether two dimensional or three dimensional, geographic area  1200  may take any arbitrary shape by the appropriate placement of antennas through which disabling signal  1202  is transmitted or by shaping antenna radiation patterns using techniques known in the art, or alternatively, a plurality of disabling devices  101  m transmit disabling signals, in order to achieve a predefined desired geographic area  1200  and boundary  1201 . Geographic area  1200  and disabling signal, or signals,  1202  may be utilized to provide mobile device functionality limitation as described herein for any area or volume in which mobile device limitation is desired, for example work areas designated by employers such as retail store sales floors, warehouses, factory and manufacturing facilities, and offices; areas related to vehicular traffic such as crosswalks and intersections; areas in which danger may be present requiring that a mobile device user stay alert and not be distracted by the use of a mobile device such as subway or train platforms; areas in which specified activities are expected to occur requiring a mobile device user to pay attention and not be distracted by the use of a mobile device such as classrooms or lecture halls; and any other geographic area in which it is desired that person&#39;s situational awareness not be diminished or subject to distraction. When mobile device  102  is positioned outside the boundary of geographic area  1201  such as in position A, the receiver of mobile device  102  does not receive disabling signal  1202  transmitted by disabling device  101 , because mobile device  102  is outside boundary  1201  and is therefore outside the coverage area of disabling signal  1202 . As mobile device  102  is moved to the boundary  1201  along direction A′ to position B, corresponding to step  1100  of  FIG. 11 , the receiver of mobile device  102  is able to receive disabling signal  1202  because it has moved across the boundary  1201  into geographic area  1200  and is therefore within the coverage area of disabling signal  1202 . When mobile device  102  crosses boundary  1201  into geographic area  1200  the Device Owner Application on mobile device  102  receives disabling signal  1202 , corresponding to step  1101  of  FIG. 11 , and responds to disabling signal  1202  by altering mobile device  102  configuration as described elsewhere herein, corresponding to step  1102  of  FIG. 11 , which may include, but is not limited to restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to send and receive text messages and email messages; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to respond to user input; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to place and receive phone calls; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to place and receive phone calls requiring user interaction with a touch screen or a keyboard of the mobile device; restricting the mobile device&#39;s ability to utilize a web browser application; restricting the mobile device&#39;s web browser from accessing predetermined web sites; and any other predetermined restriction of mobile device functionality as may be desired. As mobile device  102  moves along direction B′ to position C, the mobile device receiver continues to receive disabling signal  1202  because mobile device  102  is still in geographic area  1200 , i.e., mobile device  102  remains within the geographic area boundary  1201 , and the Device Owner Application on mobile device  102  continues to limit the functionality of mobile device  102  as described, corresponding to the “YES” leg of the decision step  1103  of  FIG. 11 . As mobile device  102  moves along direction C′ to position D, the mobile device receiver continues to receive disabling signal  1202 , and the Device Owner Application on mobile device  102  continues to receive disabling signal  1202  and to limit the functionality of mobile device  102  in response to disabling signal  1202  as described, however as mobile device moves along direction D′ and exits geographic area  1200  by crossing geographic area boundary  1202  as it moves towards position E, mobile device  102  is no longer able to receive disabling signal  1202 , corresponding to the “NO” leg of step  1103  of  FIG. 11 ,. When mobile device  102  moves out of geographic area  1200  by crossing boundary  1201  moving in direction D′ towards position E and is no longer able to receive disabling signal  1202 , the Device Owner Application on mobile device  102  responds to loss of disabling signal  1202  by returning mobile device  102  to the unaltered configuration, corresponding to step  1104  of  FIG. 11 , allowing the mobile device to operate normally, meaning the Device Owner Application no longer restricts the functionality of mobile device  102 . In an embodiment, the disabling device  101  depicted in  FIG. 10  may comprise only a signal generator; or a signal generator and an MCU, or any other subset of the functions depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
     Although the figures of the drawings illustrate example embodiments of a disabling device and mobile device, respectively, which may perform the functions of the system and method of the embodiments of the invention, the disabling device and the mobile device as depicted in the figures are each merely an example of devices that may utilize embodiments of the invention. 
     Embodiments of the invention may be implemented in software, firmware, programmable logic such field programmable gate arrays, hardware, application logic or a combination of software, hardware, and application logic. The software application logic and/or hardware may reside on the apparatus, a separate device, or a plurality of separate devices. If desired, part of the software application logic and/or hardware may reside on the apparatus, part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on a separate device, and part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on a plurality of separate devices. In an example embodiment, the application logic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one of various conventional computer-readable media. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” may be any tangible media or means that can contain, or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer, with two examples of a computer described and depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 6 . A computer readable medium may comprise a computer-readable storage medium that may be any tangible media or means that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer. Any software or application described herein may comprise computer executable instructions for carrying out the steps described herein, and such instructions shall be non-transitory in nature and reside in computer readable media. 
     The geographic area may be shaped such that functionality of mobile device  102  is restricted in virtually any desired area or volume. For example, the Device Owner Application of the invention could be installed on mobile devices of employees of a certain workplace or on the mobile devices of students of a school to avoid distracting features of the mobile device such as texting, internet, or photography. The disabling signal would be transmitted by an existing or previously installed signal generator as described above; however, the mechanism triggering the disabling signal would be, for example, an physical on/off switch or a software timer that turned the disabling signal on and off at certain times of the day, rather than motion status of the vehicle. The app would query a list, or whitelist, of media access control (MAC) addresses to determine if a received disabling signal is coming from a valid source as described previously. Alerts such as the removal of the primary app or secondary app would be communicated to a monitoring party (such as the workplace owner) device as described previously. 
     Having now described the invention, the construction, the operation and use of preferred embodiments thereof, and the advantageous new and useful results obtained thereby, the new and useful constructions, and reasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious to those skilled in the art, are set forth in the appended claims.