Patent Publication Number: US-2023138641-A1

Title: Noninvasive transdermal alcohol screening system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application relates to and is entitled to the benefit of the earlier filing dates and priority of: U.S. Provisional Pat. Application serial number 63/014,776, entitled “Noninvasive Transdermal Alcohol Screening System,” filed Apr. 24, 2020, Gary J. Graham, et al.; and U.S. Provisional Pat. Application serial number 63/109,134, entitled “Wearable Data Collection Device with Non-invasive Sensing,” filed Nov. 3, 2020, Katia M. Benson, et al., the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to alcohol detection systems and more particularly to non-invasive, ethanol or alcohol testing, screening, or monitoring of human subjects. 
     Description of the Background 
     Alcohol detection in human subjects is generally known, see for example U.S. Pat. Applications: 20130035602; and U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,764,270; 3,831,707; 3,815,087; 3904251; 4,613,845; 4,738,333; 4,749,553; 4,843,377; 4,914,038; 5,220,919; 5,944,661; 6075444; 6,229,908; 6,620,108; 7311665; 7,377,186; 7,616,123; 8,795,484; 9,296,298; 9,784,708 B2 and Japanese publications: JP4940350B2; JP2004169524A2, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     As stated in published U.S. Pat. Application 20130035602: “According to methods known in the art, such as a bracelet, periodically capture alcohol readings by sampling the insensible perspiration collected from the air above the skin, may not be accurate and may not provide adequate proof in court. Such methods rely on the monitored person not removing the bracelet and do not include positive identification devices.” 
     Despite the vast amount of work done in the field, the market, outside of novelty devices, has gone to either continuous monitoring of a single individual using a transdermal device, or to discrete testing using breath analysis correlated to blood alcohol content. It has been found that transdermal systems have difficulty accurately detecting blood alcohol content across a population under varied environmental and/or subject matter conditions. Breath testing using sharable devices also presents an increased risk of exposure to infectious disease. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a non-invasive, alcohol detection and screening system that does not use breath testing or continuous, single user monitoring. There is also a need for a non-invasive, alcohol detection system that is more accurate across multiple users under varied environmental conditions and/or test subject physiology. 
     Summary of the Invention 
     Provided herein are methods and devices for alcohol testing and/or screening and/or monitoring of human subjects. As disclosed herein alcohol may permeate through the skin of a subject who has consumed alcoholic beverages. Transdermal alcohol testing can measure the concentration of alcohol that has permeated through and present above the skin. While the benefits of a transdermal alcohol screening device can be varied and numerous, one benefit of an improved device, depending on the embodiment, could be as a deterrent to those coming to work impaired. One such solution will prioritize prevention over reaction. A more reliable, non-invasive, alcohol detection system could be used: to reduce accidents in the workplace related to alcohol impairment, by law enforcement, emergency response, to identify alcohol consumption, to deter or detect drinking and driving, or to enhance personal health, wellness, or safety. Another benefit could be to change workplace and/or societal behaviors and mindsets. Changing behaviors and mindsets could save lives, reduce accidents, improve safety, and/or enhance workplace productivity. These and/or other benefits may be realized from the ensuing disclosure. 
     In accordance with the disclosure herein, the amount of alcohol permeating through the skin may be correlated to one or more of alcohol consumption, intoxication, risk, breath alcohol content, and/or blood alcohol content. 
     In one embodiment there is provided a go/no go device alcohol detector. A go/no device alcohol detector may provide an opportunity for a simplified solution by increasing the level of abstraction of detection results obtained with less overhead, reduced error, lowered cost, increased accuracy, or higher reliability. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol screening solution that is noninvasive and unconcerned with determining a true Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) score. The alcohol screening solution may be abstracted and correlated to risk. The risk may be scored or equated to a function of transdermal alcohol concentration presented above the skin. 
     In another embodiment there is provided a non-invasive, alcohol detection, identity management, access control and/or remote reporting system. A remote reporting system can empower the use of data to provide key decision makers increased transparency into potential trends within their organizations. 
     The alcohol detection and/or screening system for alcohol may be part of an access control system. The access control system may control an access control device. The access control device may be a door, lock, starter, switch, access gate or turnstile. 
     The alcohol detection and/or screening system for alcohol may be used by drivers, machine operators, and those with positions where a clear mind is needed for the safety of persons, property, and the environment. 
     The alcohol detection and/or screening system for alcohol may be part of an emergency responder’s and/or law enforcer’s tool kit for detecting alcohol consumption and/or individual identification. 
     In another embodiment there is provided a system with data analytics for users who can make informed decisions on actions and improvements in their organizations or communities. 
     In another embodiment there is provided a method for the remote screening of human subjects for alcohol. The method may include one or more of the steps of: providing a biometric identification scanner configured to produce an identification response upon activation; providing a transdermal alcohol sensor configured to produce an alcohol response; scanning biometric properties from one or more digits upon activation of the scanner to produce an identification response; sensing transdermal alcohol proximate in time to the scanning of biometric properties to produce an alcohol response; generating a pass-fail response from the alcohol response; and reporting the pass-fail response. The alcohol response may be paired with the identification response. Paring the alcohol response with the identification response may allow documentation or attribution of the results to a specific individual. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a testing apparatus with a transdermal alcohol sensor configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation. 
     The alcohol detection system may include a biometric identification scanner. The biometric identification scanner maybe one or more of a fingerprint scanner or finger vein scanner. The biometric identification scanner may evaluate the internal and/or external surface points on a person’s finger to identify them. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a free form, centralized, intermittent, multiuser, digit testing apparatus with a biometric identification scanner. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a free form, intermittent, multiuser, digit testing apparatus; a biometric identification scanner configured to produce an identification response upon activation, the scanner supported by the testing apparatus; and a transdermal alcohol sensor configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation. The sensor may be supported by the testing apparatus and disposed neighboring the scanner where the alcohol response can be synchronized with the identification response. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a portable, intermittent, multiuser, digit testing apparatus with a biometric identification scanner. A portable device may be sized for easy carrying. 
     Various additional embodiments, which may be combined with one or more other embodiments, include the following:
     a. An alcohol detection system for screening human subjects having a centralized sensor or testing apparatus.   b. An alcohol detection system for screening human subjects for alcohol wherein the sensor and scanner form part of a test region, the test region having a hood.   c. An alcohol detection system for screening wherein the sensor and scanner form part of a test region, the test region having a cover.   d. An alcohol detection system wherein the sensor is a fuel cell sensor;   e. An alcohol detection system wherein the sensor is an amperometric, electrochemical sensor;   f. An alcohol detection system wherein the alcohol sensor is a MEMS device;   g. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes one or more of an environmental compensation to the alcohol sensor.   h. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes test subject compensation.   i. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes test condition compensation.   j. An alcohol detection system for screening alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes a processor configured to generate a pass-fail response paired with the identification response.   k. Or any combination.   

     Various additional embodiments which may be combined with one or more other embodiments include:
     a. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol including a gas headspace at the sensor. In operation the head space may be closed off by the subject during activation of the sensor.   b. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the sensor has a reaction response time ≤ 15, seconds or ≤ 10, seconds.   c. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the sensor has a recovery response time ≤ 15 seconds, or ≤ 10 seconds, or ≤the 3 seconds.   d. An alcohol detection system for screening alcohol wherein the biometric identification scanner further includes a biometric finger identification authentication.   e. An alcohol detection system for screening alcohol wherein the digit testing apparatus further includes a network communication module.   f. An apparatus with germ mitigation. Suitable germ mitigation devices may include a UV light system. The germ mitigation device may be connected to a cover or a hood of the apparatus.   

     In another embodiment there is provided a method for screening human subjects for alcohol including the steps of (in no particular order of operation): providing a digit testing apparatus, the digit testing apparatus having an intermittent, transdermal alcohol sensor accessible by multiple users; providing a biometric identification scanner; scanning biometric identification information with the biometric identification scanner upon a presentation of one or more digits to the testing apparatus to generate identification data; checking the one or more digits for transdermal alcohol proximate in time with the scanning biometric identification information; acquiring a transdermal alcohol response; equating the response to a go / no-go result. The identification data may be validated to one or more of the multiple users. The identification data and the go / no-go result may be transmitted to a remote application and/or indicated locally. 
     Various additional embodiments, which may be combined with one or more other embodiments, include:
     a. A method wherein the scanning is synchronized with the checking and authentication of the biometric identification information.   b. A method wherein the scanning is coordinated with the checking and matching of the biometric identification information from a remote database.   c. A method wherein the application includes one or more dashboards with one or more fields of history, trends, analytics, or alerts for one or more of individuals, groups, or whole company.   d. A method wherein the remote application may be a hosted application. The hosted application may be provided as a software as a service.   e. A method wherein the digit testing apparatus may be centralized to multiple business operations or processes.   f. A method wherein the digit testing apparatus is portable.   g. A method wherein the digit testing apparatus may be part of an access control system accepting or denying access.   h. A method wherein germ mitigation is applied after sensing.   i. Or any combination.   

     For a more complete understanding of the claimed invention(s), reference is now made to the accompanying drawings and detailed description of preferred embodiments. Throughout the several figures and views, like symbols refer to like elements. Furthermore, method steps unless specifically designated or limited by impossibility may be performed in any order. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an environmental view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  2    is a system view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIGS.  3   a - 3   c    show an environmental view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  4    is an exploded environmental view of an embodiment of an alcohol sensor with a headspace; 
         FIG.  5   a    is an environmental view of an embodiment of an alcohol sensor; 
         FIG.  5   b    is an exploded environmental view of an embodiment of an alcohol sensor; 
         FIGS.  6   a - 6   b    are environmental views of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIGS.  7   a - 7   b    are environmental views of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  8    is an environmental view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  9    is an environmental view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  10    is an environmental view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  11    is an environmental view of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIG.  12    is an environmental view of an access control system having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner; 
         FIGS.  13   a - 13   b    are system diagrams showing an embodiment of a system at least in part; 
         FIG.  14    is system diagram showing an embodiment of a system at least in part; 
         FIG.  15    is visual of an embodiment of a system at least in part; 
         FIGS.  16   a - 16   b    are environmental views of an embodiment of an apparatus having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner with one drawing exploded; and 
         FIGS.  17   a - 17   d    are visual of results produced in accordance with embodiments having an alcohol sensor and/or biometric scanner with a 1 second interval data acquisition. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Provided herein are methods and devices for alcohol testing and/or screening and/or monitoring of human subjects. While the benefits can be varied and numerous, one benefit of an improved device depending on the embodiment could be as a deterrent to those coming to work impaired. One such solution will prioritize prevention over reaction. A more reliable, non-invasive, alcohol detection and remote reporting system could be used to reduce accidents in the workplace related to alcohol impairment. Another benefit could be to change workplace and/or societal behaviors and mindsets. Changing behaviors and mindsets could save lives and/or enhance workplace productivity. These and/or other benefits may be realized from the ensuing disclosure. 
     Alcohol may permeate through the skin of a subject who has consumed alcoholic beverages. The transdermal alcohol testing device of the present disclosure can detect the concentration of alcohol present above the skin. The amount of alcohol permeating through and present above the skin may be correlated to alcohol consumption, intoxication, risk, breath alcohol content, and/or blood alcohol content. 
     The alcohol detection and/or screening system for alcohol may be used for access control or form part of an access control system. Suitable access control systems include a door, lock, switch, equipment, ignition, access gate or turnstile. 
     In one embodiment there is provided a go/no go device. A go/no go device may provide an opportunity for a simplified solution with less overhead or cost. The go / no go device may be correlated to risk. 
     In another embodiment there is provided a non-invasive, alcohol detection, identity management, access control and remote reporting system. A remote reporting system can empower the use of data to provide key decision makers increased transparency into potential trends within their organizations. 
     In another embodiment there is provided a system with data analytics for users who can make informed decisions on actions and improvements in their organizations. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol screening solution that is noninvasive and unconcerned with determining a true Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) score. 
     In another embodiment there is provided a method for the remote screening of human subjects for alcohol. The method may include one or more of the steps of: providing a biometric identification scanner configured to produce an identification response upon activation; providing a transdermal alcohol sensor configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation; scanning biometric properties from one or more digits upon activation of the scanner to produce an identification response; sensing transdermal alcohol proximate in time to the scanning of biometric properties to produce an alcohol response; generating a pass-fail response from the alcohol response paired with the identification response; and reporting the pass-fail response. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a testing apparatus with one or more non-invasive, alcohol sensors configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation. A single alcohol sensor or any number of like kind or different sensors may be used. The one or more alcohol sensors may be a transdermal alcohol sensor or a subdermal alcohol sensor. The transdermal alcohol sensor may be one or more of: an electrochemical sensor, a fuel cell sensor, MEMS sensor, or metal oxide semiconductor sensor. The sensor may include a light source, laser, LED, optical detector, or spectrometer with infrared, near-infrared, and/or Raman detector. 
     The device may have electronics or electrical components connected to the one or more sensors. The electronics or electrical components may include a power source and/or conductors connected to the one or more sensors, various integrated circuits, memory, PCB, processor(s), modules, busses, connectors, boards and electrodes. The power source may be a battery or power adapter. The device may include one of more communication modules or interfaces. The device may have a physical, hard-wired data interface. The hard-wired data interface may be a serial port, USB port, or any other suitable communication port. The device may have a wireless input/output data interface. The wireless interface may be a radio communications module. Suitable radio communication modules include WiFi and Bluetooth modules. The data interfaces may be used for one or more of transmitting data into and/or out of the device, installing or updating firmware, installing or updating the operating system, installing or updating software, algorithms, or applications, transmitting data remotely, recharging a battery, or any other suitable use. 
     The device may include one or more non-invasive, alcohol sensors configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation or use. The use may be performed in any suitable manner including manual, automatic, continuous, discrete, timed, or random. Activation may be controlled by a microprocessor, analogue circuit, and/or software. A single alcohol sensor, or any number of like kind, or different kind sensors may be used as part of an alcohol detection module. The alcohol detection module may include suitable electronics, including: one or more of a front-end, amplification, filtering, feedback, potentiostat, ADC, microprocessor, power, biasing current, memory or any other suitable electronic component. The one or more alcohol sensors may be transdermal alcohol sensors. The one or more alcohol sensors may be a subdermal alcohol sensor(s). The alcohol sensor may be one or more of an electrochemical sensor, fuel cell sensor, electromagnetic sensor, optical sensor, electrochemical graphene sensor or semiconductor sensor. A suitable semiconductor sensor is a metal oxide, semiconductor sensor. A suitable electromagnetic sensor may be a light-based or optical sensor using UV, visible, infrared, near-infrared radiation, and/or Raman spectroscopy. The sensor may sense transdermal alcohol, subdermal alcohol, or both. A particularly suitable sensor is an amperometric, electrochemical gas sensor including an electrolyte, 3 electrodes in contact with the electrolyte, and one or more filters. The sensor may be configured on a module including a potentiostat. 
     The device may include one or more electrochemical sensors. An electrochemical sensor is a device that measures the concentration of a target analyte by oxidizing or reducing a target analyte at an electrode and measuring the resulting current. The target analyte may be a gas or liquid. The electrochemical sensor may be made up of any suitable components including: a filter stack, an electrode assembly, and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly may include at least one sensing electrode and at least one common electrode. The electrode assembly may also include a reference electrode. The electrodes may be porous and made from platinum, binder and other suitable materials. The sensor may have an electrolyte. The electrolyte may be aqueous. The electrodes may contact the electrolyte. In practice gas may diffuse to the sensing electrode at the electrolyte boundary and undergo oxidation / reduction generating current. The current may be converted to a voltage. The resulting voltage or current may be measured directly or converted to a digital form. The resulting readings may then be correlated to a predicted analyte detection or concentration. 
     The electrochemical sensor may have a T90 reaction time &lt; 15 seconds and more preferably a T90 time &lt; 10 seconds. The reaction time and/or recovery time may be obtained at static or passive conditions such as attained without a fan or active ventilation. The times may be measured at an environmental temperature of 23 C, 1 atm, 50% RH. The sensor may be operable at a relative humidity range of 10 to 95%, a pressure range of 0.8 to 1.2 atm and/or a temperature range of -30 to 50° C. The sensor may include a filter to reduce the effect of potentially interfering gases, water intrusion, or particulate matter. The filter may be a prefilter or post filter depending on the gas or analyte being detected and the type of sensor. The filter may be a screen. The screen may be metal. Suitable filters may be chosen based on porosity, material reactivity, and material selectivity. The prefilter may be specific to one or may potentially interfering gases. Suitable prefilters may be selective for Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Nitric Oxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Chlorine, n-Heptane, and other Organics. 
     The electrochemical sensor may be placed in a sensor module. The sensor module may include a potentiostat and/or ADC. A potentiostat is electronic hardware used to control an electrochemical cell, such as a three-electrode electrochemical cell. During operation of the sensor the potentiostat may control the voltage potential between the sensing electrode and a reference electrode. This control helps to maintain a regulated system during operation. The potentiostat may then convert the resulting current to voltage. The electronics may include an ADC. The ADC may convert the voltage readings to a digital reading for the processor 
     The alcohol detection system may include a biometric identification scanner. The biometric identification scanner maybe one or more of a fingerprint scanner or finger vein scanner. The biometric identification scanner may be light based, electrical, capacitive, or other suitable pattern detection system. The biometric identification scanner may be used to identify a test subject by evaluating the internal and/or external surface points on a person’s finger, the veins or both. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a portable, intermittent, multiuser, digit testing apparatus with a biometric identification scanner. A portable device may be sized for easy carrying. The device may be sized to fit in a pocket, purse, phone case, key chain, or any other suitable carrying device. The alcohol sensor module including housing (apparatus) may be small in form with a maximum length, width, and height. The apparatus max length may be ≤ 8 cm, ≤ 6 cm, ≤ 4 cm, ≤ 3 cm, ≤ 2 cm, ≤1.5 cm or ≤ 1 cm. The max width may be ≤ 8 cm, ≤ 6 cm, ≤ 4 cm, ≤ 3 cm, ≤ 2 cm, ≤ 1.5 cm or ≤ 1 cm. The max height may be ≤ 8 cm, ≤ 6 cm, ≤ 4 cm, ≤ 3 cm, ≤ 2 cm, ≤ 1.5 cm or ≤ 1 cm. The sensor and scanner may reside in separate or a single housing. The sensor and scanner may reside under the same protective cover. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a free form, intermittent, multiuser, digit testing apparatus; a biometric identification scanner configured to produce an identification response upon activation, the scanner supported by the testing apparatus; and a transdermal alcohol sensor configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation, the sensor supported by the testing apparatus and disposed neighboring the scanner where the alcohol response is synchronized with the identification response. 
     In another embodiment there is provided an alcohol detection system including a free form, intermittent, multiuser, digit testing apparatus with a biometric identification scanner. 
     Various additional embodiments which may be combined with one or more other embodiments include the following:
     a. An alcohol detection system for screening human subjects having a centralized sensor or testing apparatus.   b. An alcohol detection system for screening human subjects for alcohol wherein the sensor and scanner form part of a test region, the test region having a hood.   c. An alcohol detection system for screening wherein the sensor and scanner form part of a test region, the test region having a cover.   d. An alcohol detection system wherein the sensor is a fuel cell sensor;   e. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes a temperature compensator and/or a humidity compensator and/or a barometric pressure compensator. The temperature compensator and/or the humidity compensator may be disposed in the gas headspace of the sensor system.   f. An alcohol detection system for screening alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes a processor configured to generate a pass-fail response paired with the identification response.   g. A means of detecting if a test subject is intentionally or unintentionally defeating the detection methodology. The means of detecting or detecting device may be an anti-spoofing device. The detecting device may include light, electrical, touch, chemical, one or more of a radiant energy scanner, optical scanner, capacitive sensor, an ECG device, conductive electrodes, capacitive sensor, or any other suitable device. The alcohol detection system may include an electrical detection device. The electrical detection device may include 2, 3 or more dry electrodes. The electrodes may be coupled to an analogue front end, ADC and processor to measure skin conductance, skin impedance, ECG, or another biometric electrical signal. The signal may be used for liveness detection and/or biometric identification. In the case of ECG, ECG may be used to identify or confirm the identification of a test subject through characteristic heartbeat pattern. The device may evaluate a heartbeat profile or pulse profile to predict or aid in the prediction of a person’s identity. A suitable scanner may be a heartbeat profile scanner which may identify certain PQRST profile patterns based off the PQRST heartbeat wave form. The profile may be created from an ECG device. The alcohol detection system may include a humidity sensor system. A humidity sensor system may detect humidity profiles at the alcohol sensor which can be used to determine proper placement of the test subject in proximity to the sensor. The humidity sensor system may be configured to sense changes in humidity of the headspace to at least partially discern the presence of a skin exposure to the alcohol sensor through the signal profile. The alcohol detection system may include one or more touch sensors. The touch sensor(s) may be configured to detect the presence of a digit in proximity to an alcohol sensor or biometric identification sensor. The touch sensor may be pressure or capacitive. The touch sensors may be discrete or continuous about the sensor. The touch sensors may be disposed in one or more of the four quadrants surrounding the alcohol sensor. The touch sensor may be continuous covering 360 degrees. The alcohol detection system may include a light base detection which may use one or more LEDs and optical sensors. The LED / optical sensors may detect reflect light, absorbed light, or both. The light base detection may detect the presence of a test subject, may detect heat, pulse, heart rate, or liveness.   h. Or any combination of featured disclosed in the specification.   

     Various additional embodiments which may be combined with one or more other embodiments include:
     a. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol including a gas headspace at the sensor. In operation the headspace may be closed off by the subject during activation of the sensor.   b. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the sensor has a reaction response time ≤ 15 seconds or ≤ 10 seconds. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the sensor has a recovery response time ≤ 15 seconds or ≤ 10 seconds, or ≤ 3 seconds. The reaction response time may be timed from when alcohol data is being detected. The reaction recovery time may be timed from when the test subject is removed from the device. A reaction response time may be a time it takes to collect reliable data at the sensor. The reaction recovery time may be a time that it takes for the sensor to recover for a reliable result to be produced by a following test subject. The reaction recovery time may be measured based on disruption of the base line signal. The reaction response and reaction recovery times may be determined by an exposure of the alcohol sensor to a 2 ppm wt./ vol. ethanol solution in a temperature range of 15° C. to 30° C. and a narrower range of 20° C. to 27° C.   c. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes one or more of an environmental compensation to the alcohol sensor or response. Environmental compensation may be provided by a temperature compensator and/or a humidity compensator and/or a barometric pressure compensator and/or one or more additional sensors that have a different sensitivity response to ethanol or to cross interferants.   d. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes test condition compensation. Test condition compensation may include environmental compensation factors, air quality, background alcohol, potential for cross interferences, potential for defeating methodologies, location information, work environment, as well as other factors.   e. An alcohol detection system for monitoring alcohol wherein the testing apparatus includes test subject compensation. Test subject compensation may be provided by one or more of determining a test subjects metabolic physiology for alcohol metabolism, age, sex, weight, drug use, genetics, history, factors impacting alcohol metabolism, respiration, quantity of alcohol respiration, rate of respiration, timing of respiration, timing of peak respiration, timing of first detectable traces of alcohol, and timing of alcohol clearance. One or more test subject compensation factors may be designated with a compensation factor with high, medium, or low categories that can add a compensation factor to alcohol detection or can be part of the alcohol detection algorithm.   f. An alcohol detection system wherein the testing apparatus is temperature controlled. The temperature control may be provided by one or more heating or cooling devices. The device may be maintained at a normal operating temperature range of 15 to 40° C. The testing apparatus may have a heat setting to activate at &lt; 15° C., &lt; 20° C., &lt; 25° C., &lt; 27° C., &lt;30° C. or &lt; 40° C. The heat setting may terminate at &gt; 25° C., &gt; 27° C., &gt;30° C. or ≥ 40° C. Heating may be provided by adding one or more heating elements to the inside of the apparatus. Temperature control may allow for a more predictable or enhanced signal response.   g. An alcohol detection system for screening alcohol wherein the biometric identification scanner further includes biometric finger identification authentication.   h. An alcohol detection system for screening alcohol wherein the digit testing apparatus further includes a network communication module.   i. An apparatus with germ mitigation. Suitable germ mitigation may be provided by a UV light system. The germ mitigation may be provided in a cover or hood of the apparatus. The light system may have a spectrum of wavelengths at a power intensity effective against viruses, bacterial and/or fungus. UV rays may be one or more of UVA, UVB, and UVC. Wavelengths suitable for germ mitigation include those from 200 to 320 nanometers, 200 to 280, 220 to 280 or any other suitable range effective for germicidal activity. The UV rays may be provided by one or more UV light wands, discharge lamps, LEDs, lasers, solid state semiconductors, bulbs, or any other suitable device. The UV light source may be a light strip or a surface mount light chip with multiple LEDs. The UV source may be mounted to any suitable place on the apparatus. The germ mitigation may be focused on contact surfaces or on the entire testing area. The contact surface and exposure areas may be made of a material resistant to UV degradation. The UV light source may be mounted to a hood or cover.   

     In another embodiment there is provided a method for screening human subjects for alcohol including the steps of (in no particular order of operation): providing a digit testing apparatus, the digit testing apparatus having an intermittent, transdermal alcohol sensor accessible by multiple users and a biometric identification scanner validated to one or more of the multiple users; scanning biometric identification information with the biometric identification scanner upon a presentation of one or more digits to the testing apparatus to generate identification data; checking the one or more digits for transdermal alcohol proximate in time with the scanning biometric identification information; acquiring a transdermal alcohol response; equating the response to a go / no-go result; and transmitting the identification data and the go / no-go result to a remote application. 
     Various additional embodiments which may be combined with one or more other embodiments include:
     a. A method wherein the scanning is synchronized with the checking and an authentication of the biometric identification information.   b. A method wherein the application includes one or more dashboards with one or more fields of history, trends, analytics, or alerts for one or more of individuals, groups, or whole company.   c. A method wherein the remote application may be a hosted application; a method wherein the hosted application may be a software as a service.   d. A method wherein the digit testing apparatus may be centralized to multiple business operations or processes.   e. A method wherein the digit testing apparatus may be part of an access control system accepting or denying access.   f. A method wherein germ mitigation is applied after sensing.   g. Or any combination.   

     The alcohol detection system may be provided with an analyte overload indicator. An analyte overload indication can be used to prevent a sensor from becoming over saturated with a target analyte, such as ethanol in the case where a test subject has used an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. The analyte overload indicator may be configured to provide a response at a lower indication level of 10 ppm, 20 ppm or 40 ppm, or greater w/v ethanol/water. The response may include one or more of haptic, vibration, light, sound or any other suitable response, indicator, or warning device. The response may include an aggressive haptic, physical, sound, or tactile demonstration aimed at encouraging a test subject to rapidly remove their hand from the system. By having a test subject rapidly remove their hand from the device less recovery time is needed for the sensor in an over exposure event. 
     The alcohol detection system may include a testing time delay indicator. A testing time delay indicator may be provided by one or more of haptic, light, sound, vibration, or any other suitable response indicator. In a multi-user environment where a first test subject has a high level of transdermal alcohol or alcohol contaminant, testing of the subject may cause a disruption in the sensor signal baseline or sensor chemistry possibly affecting the results of a second user. A delay indicator provided after an alcohol present response is detected from a first test subject may allow a more accurate test result of a following test subject. 
     The alcohol detection system may be used for monitoring alcohol consumption by human subjects. The alcohol sensor may be configured to sense human respiration and generate an alcohol present or not present response. A degree of alcohol presence may also be provided. The degree may be abstract, pass/fail, or may be one or more of a high, medium, or low indication or its equivalence. 
     The alcohol present or not present response may be limited to a binary response or other abstract response. The alcohol response may be paired with the identification response. The alcohol sensor response may be provided with test subject compensation and/or environmental compensation. 
     A suitable alcohol sensor may be set with the lowest alcohol present response configured to indicate at between 1 ppm w/v ethanol/water and 8 ppm w/v ethanol/water. The sensor with a lowest alcohol present response may be configured to indicate at &gt; 1 ppm w/v ethanol/water and &lt; 6 ppm w/v ethanol/water. The alcohol sensor may indicate alcohol at greater than or equal to: 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, 6 ppm w/v ethanol/water. The alcohol sensor lowest alcohol response may indicate alcohol at less than or equal to: 8 ppm, 7 ppm, 6 ppm, 5 ppm, 4 ppm, 3 ppm, 2 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 1 ppm w/v ethanol/water. 
     The alcohol detection system may include an alcohol detection algorithm that uses the alcohol sensor signal and any compensation data. In one embodiment the sensor provides a baseline signal that can vary over time by greater than 10%. The alcohol present or not present response detection may be derived by an algorithm that includes the rate of change of the sensor signal. 
     The alcohol detection system may include a wireless radio wave network communication module. The module may receive information from the alcohol sensor. The module may be connected so as to communicate data or information over the internet. The module may include WiFi or communication based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. The module may include communication through Bluetooth®, BLE or other wireless radio wave protocol. The module may allow for local area networking of devices and internet access. The module may also allow nearby digital devices to exchange data with it by radio waves. The module may be positioned about the apparatus to deliver less than 30 seconds of radio wave exposure to a test subject during normal use at a distance of 20 cm or less between the module and the test subject. The module may be positioned about the apparatus at a distance of 20 cm or greater from the sensing touch points of the human subject during scanning or sensing. 
     An apparatus for monitoring transdermal alcohol of human subjects with an identification feature may support testing of multiple test subjects. Biometric identification may be authenticated from a local data source, such as flash memory disposed on a PCB. Biometric identification data may be sent to a remote application for comparison to a data base of biometric identification. The responses of alcohol, identification or both may be sent to a remote application. The application, data, database, or information may be hosted by a third party. The application may include one or more dashboards with one or more fields of: history, trends, analytics, or alerts. The application, data, analytics, and reports may be for one or more of: individuals, groups, company, enterprise, or industries. A remote screening system can empower the use of data to provide key decision makers with increased response capability and/or transparency into potential trends within their organizations or communities. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  1  -  17   , disclosed throughout are non-invasive, alcohol detection, identity management, access control and/or alcohol screening systems and devices. The systems and devices given in the figures are for example and may alternatively or additionally have other components or features as disclosed in the specification. 
       FIG.  1    depicts an environmental view of an alcohol detection device  100  having a transdermal alcohol sensor  110  and a biometric scanner  120 . The transdermal alcohol sensor may be configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation. The apparatus may have a housing  102 . It may also have a hood  106 . The device may have a light  104 , power / reset switch  108 , and/or indicator(s)  112 . The light may include a light guide with one or more LEDs. The indicators may have position significance and/or color significance. Suitable indicators include blue, green, yellow, red, and multi-colored LEDs. Position significance or color significance may include alcohol detected, not detected, fault, ready, scanning, wait, overlimit, miss placement, system responses, peripheral connection, and others. Other indicators may include one of more haptic responses. The device may be provided with one or more anti-spoofing devices. The apparatus may be portable or of a small form factor. 
       FIG.  2    depicts a systems view of an apparatus  200  having an alcohol sensor module  210  and a biometric scanner module  220 . As shown the biometric scanner module includes a fingerprint biometric identification module  222 . The apparatus  200  may have a single board computer (SBC)  202 . A single-board computer (SBC) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board, with one or more of a microprocessor(s)  214 , memory, input/output (I/O)  204 , network interface card (NIC)  212 , and other features required of a functional computer. The SBC  202  may be a Raspberry Pie® type device. The NIC  212  may provide wired and/or wireless communications. The NIC may allow the system to connect to a network or other device through USB, ethernet, radio signals, Bluetooth®, WIFI  216 , or any other suitable means of connecting  204 . The apparatus  200  may also have data storage  208 . Data storage  208  may include calibrations, biometric data, user authentication, error codes, device ID, temperature, pressure, humidity, sensor response, scanner response, algorithms, compensation, or any other data. The data storage  208  may be accessible to the processor or external device and may be accessible by any suitable means. The apparatus may also have one or more auxiliary printed circuit boards (PCBs)  206  or electronic modules  210 ,  220 . The PCBs or modules may be connected to the SBC. The PCB may include buttons  226 , functions, on/off, pair, reset or any other suitable function. The one or more PCB’s may contain indicators, sound  230 , relays, LEDs  228 , power  232 , power management  224 , alcohol sensor module  210 , biometric scanner module  220 , conductive tracing, connectors, or any other suitable component. Alcohol sensing may be provided with a separate electronic module in electrical communication with the SBC processor or microcontroller. Biometric scanning may also be provided with a separate electronic module in electrical communication with an SBC processor or microcontroller. 
       FIGS.  3   a - 3   c    show an environmental view of an apparatus  300  having an alcohol sensor module  310  and/or biometric scanner  320 . The apparatus may have a housing  302 ,  308 . The device may have lighting  304 , a printed circuit board (PCB), auxiliary board  306 , a single board computer (SBC)  312 , USB, radio communications, power supply, and/or any other components and/or features to enable the electronic components. The apparatus may be portable, have a battery to power one or more electronics, or be of a small form factor. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  4   , shown therein at  400  is an environmental view of an alcohol sensor module. The alcohol sensor module  400  may be on a main circuit board or on an auxiliary PCB. The alcohol sensor module  400  may include an electronic circuit board  402  with associated electronics  404 . The alcohol sensor module  400  may include one or more of an alcohol sensor(s)  410 , analogue front end, potentiostat, ADC, connector, a temperature compensator  412 , a humidity compensator  414 , and/or a barometric pressure compensator  416 . The alcohol sensor  410  may be focused to a headspace  406 . The headspace may include a seal  408 . The seal  408  may be a flexible ring that can seal off the headspace upon contact with a digit, such as a finger. The headspace may provide a fixed volume for transdermal perspiration or gas vapors to accumulate about the sensor  410 . The humidity compensator  414  and/or the temperature compensator  412  may be positioned in the headspace. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  5   a  -  5   b   , depicted therein at  500  is an environmental view of an alcohol gas sensor module  510  with an exploded environmental view (5b) showing the internal components of an exemplary electrochemical gas sensor assembly at  520 . The sensor module  500  may include one or more of: a form factor or a PCB mount  502 , an electrochemical sensor  520  having electrodes, conductors connected to the electrodes of the sensor, an outer housing  504 , and one or more gas inlet pores  506  through the outer housing. The electrochemical gas sensor  520  may include one or more components including a filter stack  522 , an electrode assembly  524 , and an electrolyte reservoir assembly  526 . The electrode assembly  524  may include at least one sensing electrode and at least one common electrode. The electrode assembly may also include a counter electrode. A suitable sensor has a reaction response time ≤ 20 seconds, ≤ 15 seconds ≤ 10 seconds. A suitable sensor has a recovery time ≤ 20 seconds, ≤ 15 seconds, &lt;10 seconds, ≤ 3 seconds. The reaction time and/or recovery time may be attained without a fan or active ventilation. A reaction response time allows a test subject to test and clear the device in reasonable fashion with sufficient results. A fast reaction recovery time can allow a new test subject to start testing in a reasonable fashion without interference from a prior test subject’s interaction. The sensor may cooperate with a headspace volume to clear in ≤ 20 seconds, ≤ 15 seconds, ≤ 10 seconds, and ≤ 3 seconds. 
       FIGS.  6   a - 6   b    shows an environmental view of an apparatus  600  having one or more non-invasive, alcohol sensors  610  and/or a biometric scanner  620 . The apparatus may have a housing  602 . It may also have a hood  606 . The device may have lighting  604 , a power or activation switch, and/or indicator(s)  612 . The apparatus may have active ventilation  614 . The apparatus may have a guide  608  for guiding a digit to proper position along the sensor and scanner and/or aid in activating the device. 
     The one or more non-invasive, alcohol sensors  610  may be configured to produce an alcohol response upon activation. A single alcohol sensor or any number of like kind or different sensors may be used. The one or more alcohol sensors may be a transdermal alcohol sensor or a subdermal alcohol sensor. 
     The biometric identification scanner  620  maybe one or more of a fingerprint scanner or finger vein scanner. The scanner may sit sub-flush to the surface of the apparatus. The biometric identification scanner may evaluate any one or more of the internal and/or external surface points on a person’s finger or thumb ridges, valleys, or veins to authenticate the identification of a subject. 
     The guide  608  may be a tactile indicator, a switch, a series of contact points or any other suitable device. The guide may be positioned along multiple points over the surface of the apparatus and may be aligned from the point of test subject approach to the sensor/scanner target location. 
     The apparatus may include one or more touch sensors  616 ,  618 . The touch sensor(s)  616 ,  618  may be configured to detect the presence of a digit in proximity to the alcohol sensor or biometric identification sensor. The touch sensors may be pressure sensors, switches, capacitive sensors, or any other suitable device. The touch sensors may ensure compliance with the positioning of the test subject about a target location and may be used to ensure proper data gathering for the duration of a test or scan. 
     The lighting  604  may be a light source, a light bar, one or more LEDs, an LED light strip, fiber optics, or any other suitable lighting device. The lighting may illuminate the outside edges of the apparatus, the access port, the inside of the apparatus, the outside of the testing apparatus, the sensor, the scanner, or any other suitable area. The lighting may be for ambient lighting, to indicate status, as a visual aid or for any other suitable use. 
     The indicators  612  may be individual colored LEDs, segmented LED panel, an LCD screen, or any other suitable indicator. The indicators may be used to indicate one or more of: status, ready, wait, pass/fail, go/no go, fault, network status, cleaning, sanitizing, or any other suitable communication. The indicators may be placed on different sides of the apparatus. Indicators placed on different sides may be assigned different indications. For example, indicators closest to the sensor may indicated responses for the sensor and indicators closest to the scanner may indicate for the scanner. 
     In practice a subject can place a digit, such as a finger, into the hooded apparatus  600  along the guide  608  adjacent the alcohol sensor, and adjacent the identification scanner. The scanner may be activated by the touch sensors. The alcohol sensor may have power but be in a standby mode. Activation of the scanner or touch sensors may wake the electronics to initiate an alcohol detection algorithm. The biometric identification scanner produces an identification response to authentic the user or collect biometric identification data. The transdermal alcohol sensor produces an alcohol response proximate in time to the scanning. The device can then generate a pass-fail response from the alcohol response. The alcohol response may then be paired with the identification response. The pass-fail response can then be reported locally or remotely. The pass/fail response can be used for access control to a location, for a device, for machinery, law enforcement, emergency response, or for any other suitable use. The apparatus may be portable or of a small form factor. 
       FIGS.  7   a - 7   b    depict an environmental view of an apparatus  700  having an alcohol sensor  710  and a biometric scanner  720 . 
       FIG.  8    shows an environmental view of an apparatus  800  having a plurality of sensors  810 ,  812  and a biometric scanner  820 . The apparatus may be portable, have a battery to power one or more electronics, or be of a small form factor. The sensors may be the same or different. The sensors may be for alcohol detection, cross interference detection, environment compensation, or other compensation. The sensors may have different sensitivity to alcohol. The multiple sensors may be used to validate the accuracy of the alcohol response. 
       FIG.  9    shows an environmental view of another embodiment of an apparatus  900  having an alcohol sensor  910  and a biometric scanner  920 . 
       FIG.  10    shows an environmental view of another embodiment of an apparatus  1000  having an alcohol sensor  1010  and/or a biometric scanner  1020  and a cover  1002 . The cover  1002  may be a slide cover. The apparatus as show supports both the sensor and the scanner. The cover may be attached to the apparatus and may cover both the sensor and scanner in application. The cover  1002  may have tactile assistance  1004 . As shown the device has a power function  1008 . The apparatus has one or more indicators  1112 . The indicators may be placed on the apparatus and may indicate a result obtained from the alcohol sensor. The result may be abstract, go/no go, or any other suitable indication. The apparatus may be portable, have a battery to power one or more of the sensors or other electronics. The apparatus may be of a small form factor. The cover may protect both the sensor and scanner. 
       FIG.  11    shows an environmental view of another embodiment of an apparatus  1100  having an alcohol sensor (covered, not shown), biometric scanner (covered, not shown), and a cover  1106 . The sensor and scanner are supported by the apparatus and may reside under the same cover  1106 . As shown the cover  1106  is in the closed position. In the closed condition the cover may protect the sensor and scanner. The cover may also cover one or more indicators, see  FIG.  10    element  1112  for an example. The apparatus may be portable or of a small form factor. The apparatus may be portable, have a battery to power the one or more of the sensors or have other electronics. 
       FIG.  12    shows an environmental view of an access control system  1200 . As shown the access control system  1200  has an alcohol sensor  1210  and/or a biometric scanner  1220 . The access control system may have an access control device  1202 . The access control device  1202  may include any suitable means for controlling access. Suitable access control devices include gates, turnstiles, switches, equipment, ignition, locks, and doors. As shown the access control system includes a turnstile  1204 . The access control may also have an indicator  1206 . The indicator may provide a go/no go indication or any other suitable indication. 
       FIGS.  13   a - 13   b    depicts an example system diagram  1300  showing an embodiment including a telemetry system  1310 . The telemetry system may include one or more of: an alcohol sensor, access control, primary user authentication, secondary user authentication, biometric identification, RFID, pass code, communications, applications, graphical user interfaces, client services, network access, cloud services, application front end, application back end, database, data storage, data libraries, 3 rd  party applications, analytics, dashboard services or any other useful system feature. The telemetry system may function through one or more of wireless networks, wired networks, phone systems, WiFi, Bluetooth® or other suitable systems. The telemetry system my use or integrate with one or more commercial cloud services for data storage, analytics, artificial intelligence, or any other service. A suitable telemetry system will connect with a user and report data remotely. The application may be used for business workers, commercial drivers, law enforcement, emergency response or any other suitable use. In a commercial driver application, a driver may scan in on the system one or more times during a day. The initial scan may determine if an operator receives keys to a vehicle, access to facilities, or access to equipment. Follow-up scans may be used to evaluate on going activity. In a public use application, the operator may scan a subject’s biometrics for identification and test for the presence of alcohol. The application may be performed on one or more of cooperative subjects, uncooperative subjects, unconscious subjects, and deceased subjects. 
       FIG.  14    shows a system diagram in accordance with an embodiment of a screening system  1400  with remote reporting  1410 . The screening system includes one or more of: a test device, network communications, administration portal, cloud applications, analytics, cloud storage, client user interface. The system may include one or more applications for user activation, settings, enrollment, or real time results. The system may also include a client dashboard. The client dashboard may provide for data analytics, data visualization, report generation, user monitoring, or any other suitable dashboard feature. 
       FIG.  15    depicts a screening or reporting system  1500 . As shown in  FIG.  15    the screening system  1500  includes a dashboard  1510 . The dashboard  1510  include one or more fields  1520  of history, trends, analytics, or alerts for one or more of individuals, groups, or whole company. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  16   a  -  16   b   , depicted therein is an environmental view of an embodiment of an alcohol detection system  1600  having an alcohol sensor module  1610  and/or biometric scanner module  1620 . The apparatus may have a housing  1602  with an alcohol sensor opening  1644 . The apparatus may have a base  1612 . The sensor opening  1644  may have a screen or filter  1646 . 
     The alcohol detection system  1600  may have one or more system indicators  1604 ,  1614 . The system indicators may include a series or LEDs and light guides  1626 ,  1624 . The indicators may indicate together or separately. For example, one side may indicate for alcohol response, the other may indicate for the scanner. The indicators may indicate together for readiness, delay, fault, or any other response. 
     The alcohol detection system  1600  may include firmware, software, algorithm, and electronics sufficient for operation. Electronics may include printed circuit board  1642 , auxiliary boards, data cables, microprocessor, ASICs, modules, ICs, conductors, connectors, memory, network interface card, serial data port, wireless communication, power management, network communication port  1608 , power adapter  1616 , power switch  1618 , and/or system reset  1622 . The firmware and algorithm(s) may reside on onboard memory integrated with a microprocessor. 
     The alcohol detection system  1600  may include one or more anti-spoof devices. The alcohol detection system  1600  may include one or more touch sensors  1628 . The touch sensor(s)1628 may be configured to detect the presence of a digit in proximity to the alcohol sensor or biometric identification sensor. The touch sensor may check that a digit has been properly placed at the alcohol sensor before indicating an alcohol response. In the case where a digit is not properly detected the system may generate a fault or other indication through one or more means. The one or more means may be through the LED indicators or haptic feedback. The indicator may be the one closest to the sensor or on the sensor side of the apparatus. The touch sensors may operate as one or more of the anti-spoof devices. 
     The alcohol sensor module  1610  may include an electronic circuit board with associated electronics. The alcohol sensor module may include one or more of an alcohol sensor(s), an analogue front end, a potentiostat, an analogue to digital converter, connector(s), voltage divider, voltage bias, temperature compensator, humidity compensator, and/or barometric pressure compensator. Suitable temperature, humidity and pressure sensors may be provided by one or more micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. As configured the device is presented as a multiuser, digit testing apparatus with a gas headspace  1640 . 
     The alcohol sensor may be focused about the headspace  1640 . The headspace  1640  may include a seal. The seal may be a flexible ring, foam or other suitable material that can seal off the headspace upon placement of a digit. The headspace may provide a controlled volume of transdermal perspiration or gas vapors to the sensor. The humidity compensator, the temperature compensator and/or pressure compensator may also be positioned in the headspace. The headspace may have an inside and an outside and form an essentially fixed space of a predetermined volume on the inside. The outside may be configured to seat at least one finger or thumb in a conforming mold. 
     The apparatus may be configured to simultaneously seat at least 2 digits of a test subject at the same time in a conforming mold  1644 . As shown, the testing apparatus may have one or more of: a base  1612 , a palm support  1630 , one or more digit guides  1632 ,  1634 , one or more digit supports  1636  for alcohol sensing, and one or more digit supports  1638  for identification. The digit supports  1636 ,  1638  may be recessed relative to the digit guides  1632 ,  1634 . A recess may increase in depth along the length of the digit guide(s). The palm support  1630  may be angled, convex or cupped to conform generally to a cupped palm or a relaxed hand of a test subject. The one or more digit supports  1636 ,  1638  may be angled relative to the base. The angel may be ≥ 5 degrees, ≥ 10 degrees, ≥ 20 degrees or more. The angle may be downward toward the base. The angel of the recesses may increase at a rate greater than the surface of the palm support. The size, configuration and features of the housing, base, palm support, digit guides, and/or digit supports cooperate to guide a test subject hand and digits into a suitable detection position about the alcohol sensor, the identification scanner, and/or both. The guides may also be configured to allow a more natural and/or intuitive positioning with reduced hand strain from a flat test platform with less sensor or scanner misreads. 
       FIGS.  17   a - 17   d    depicts testing results produced in accordance with a device as disclosed in 16a-16b. The data is presented as a response of counts at 1 second intervals. 17a -17b shows response of alcohol solutions of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 ppm ethanol solutions.  FIG.  17   b    shows the linearity of alcohol response captured over the range of 0 ppm to 10 ppm with multiple sampling at each concentration.  FIG.  17   c    shows signal data for a 2 ppm ethanol solution captured with corresponding temperature and humidity data.  FIG.  17   d    shows skin humidity response compared to a humidity response when the skin of a test subject is obscured from the alcohol sensor for 4 different samples at each condition. The humidity response may be used as an indication of a spoofing attempt at the alcohol sensor or proper placement of a digit by a test subject. The apparatus may be made to alert when an improper humidity response profile is detected. 
     In practice the alcohol detection system may be used to monitor the presence of transdermal alcohol in multiple users or subjects. The biometric identification scanner may have pattern recognition and can be configured for biometric identification. While the method of monitoring may vary, a suitable method includes: scanning biometric identification information with the biometric identification scanner upon a presentation of one or more digits to the testing apparatus to generate identification data. The shape of the housing or test apparatus guides the digits into a proper detection position. The system can check the one or more digits for transdermal alcohol and acquire a transdermal alcohol response. The alcohol response may be determined proximate in time with the scanning of biometric identification information. The response may be equated with a binary detection, a detection range, or a go / no-go result. The result may be reported locally, or the result may be paired with the identification data and transmitted to a remote application or both. 
     As may be appreciated from this disclosure there is provided a noninvasive transdermal alcohol screening system(s), testing device(s), access control, and method(s). Device performance or operation can be measured over a temperature range of 15° C. to 30° C. and a more narrow temperature range of 20° C. to 27° C. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of noninvasive, transdermal alcohol screening systems, devices, access control and methods that have one or more novel features as presented in the embodiments, claims and the drawings attached which features may be combined in total or substituted individually. While the invention(s) has been illustrated in the foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character. For example, the system of the present invention may be adapted for other uses with only slight or no modifications to the invention hereof. Therefore, only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described fully and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit and scope of the claimed invention are desired to be protected.