Patent Publication Number: US-2023152127-A1

Title: Method for diagnosing a speed/position sensor

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates to the field of motor vehicle engine control and more particularly a speed/position sensor and its diagnostic means. 
     PRIOR ART 
     As is known, in a motor vehicle, a crankshaft sensor observes the rotation of the crankshaft. For this purpose it comprises a toothed wheel, which rotates as one with the crankshaft, and a matter detector which is able to detect a tooth, fixed relative to the engine frame, arranged opposite the teeth of the toothed wheel. When the engine and therefore the crankshaft and therefore the toothed wheel rotates, the detector detects the presence or the absence of matter and produces an all-or-nothing signal with two states, high and low, one state corresponding to a tooth, the presence of matter, and the other corresponding to an inter-tooth gap, the absence of matter. This signal makes it possible for the engine control to count the teeth and to be informed about the angular position and the rotational speed of the crankshaft and therefore of the engine. For this purpose the detector is electrically connected to a transistor by its base in order to switch it and to produce a square-wave signal making it possible for the engine control to count the teeth. 
     A camshaft sensor operates substantially according to the same principle and makes it possible to inform the engine control about the position and the rotational speed of the camshaft. 
     In the present application “speed/position sensor” denotes either a crankshaft sensor or a camshaft sensor. 
     If the output of a speed/position sensor exhibits a short circuit with a power supply, the engine control sees the same state for the output of the speed/position sensor all the time independently of the position of the detector, whether the latter is facing a tooth or a gap. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention proposes to refine the short circuit diagnosis by distinguishing whether this short circuit is a short circuit with the power supply of the speed/position sensor or is a short circuit with another power supply, such as the battery power supply. 
     For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method for diagnosing a speed/position sensor of an internal combustion engine, of the type comprising a toothed wheel, which rotates as one with a shaft, and a matter detector, which is arranged so as to be fixed opposite the toothed wheel and controls a base of a transistor, comprising the following steps:
         detecting a short circuit between an output of the speed/position sensor and a power supply,   testing for excess current consumption by a power supply of the speed/position sensor, when the transistor is activated: if the test is positive, the short circuit is between the power supply of the speed/position sensor and the output of the position/speed sensor; if the test is negative, the short circuit is between another power supply and the output of the speed/position sensor.       

     Particular features or embodiments, which may be used alone or in combination, are:
         detecting a short circuit comprises measuring a constant level at the output of the speed/position sensor when a rotation of the engine is detected,   the speed/position sensor is chosen from among a crankshaft sensor and a camshaft sensor and a rotation of the engine is detected by means of another speed/position sensor, chosen from among a camshaft sensor and a crankshaft sensor,   the excess consumption test is performed by interrogating the power supply of the speed/position sensor, which self-measures.       

     In a second aspect of the invention, a motor vehicle engine control implements such a method. 
     The invention is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to add at least one diagnostic function without adding any hardware components. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be better understood from reading the following description, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the appended figures, in which: 
         FIG.  1    schematically illustrates an engine control and its interface with a speed/position sensor, 
         FIG.  2    illustrates the diagram of  FIG.  1    with a short circuit between the output pin of the speed/position sensor and the power supply of the speed/position sensor, 
         FIG.  3    illustrates the diagram of  FIG.  1    with a short circuit between the output pin of the speed/position sensor and the power supply of the engine control. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     With reference to  FIG.  1   , a speed/position sensor  1  is interfaced with an engine control. An engine control  9  is the set of items of measurement, processing and actuation equipment which make it possible to control the operation of an internal combustion engine. The tooth detector, which is not shown, is connected to the base  14  of a transistor  13 . The emitter of this transistor  13  is connected to ground  7 . The collector of this transistor  13  is connected to an output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1 , which is itself connected to an input  8  of a control unit  10  of an engine control  9 . A pull-up resistor  12  connects this output  2  to a reference voltage VRef. A power supply  3  supplies power to the speed/position sensor  1  at a voltage VCap. The engine control  9  is supplied with power by another power supply  4 , typically at the battery voltage VBat. 
     In nominal mode, when the engine rotates, the input  8  of the control unit  10  sees, relayed by the transistor  13 , an all-or-nothing signal changing state depending on what the detector sees, a tooth or an inter-tooth gap. 
     In contrast, in the event of a short circuit between the output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1  and a power supply  3 ,  4 , the input  8  of the control unit  10  sees, because of the voltage VCap, VBat, VRef or other applied to the line  2 ,  8 , a constant, in this instance high, level. 
     It is advantageous to refine the short circuit diagnosis and to determine which power supply  3 ,  4  the short circuit is produced with. 
     An obvious solution might be to replace or associate the input  8  with an analog input for measuring a voltage or indeed a two-threshold logic comparator. However, such a solution comes at significant extra cost. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  2   , a short circuit  5  may be present between the output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1  and the power supply  3  of the speed/position sensor  1 . As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , a short circuit  6  may be present between the output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1  and another power supply, such as, for example, the power supply  4  of the engine control  9 . 
     For this purpose the method for diagnosing a speed/position sensor  1  of an internal combustion engine, of the type comprising a toothed wheel, which rotates as one with a shaft, and a matter detector, which is arranged so as to be fixed opposite the toothed wheel and controls a base  13  of a transistor  14 , comprises according to the invention the following steps. The method is initiated by detecting a short circuit  5 ,  6  between an output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1  and a power supply  3 ,  4 . When the detector sees a tooth edge, the transistor  13  closes and causes excess consumption by the power supply  3  of the speed/position sensor  1 . An excess current consumption test is then performed in order to detect possible excess consumption. Said detection is advantageously performed while the transistor  13  is activated. This test targets the power supply  3  of the speed/position sensor  1 . This power supply is most often integrated into the engine control  9 . If the response to the test is positive, indicating excess current consumption by the power supply  3  of the speed/position sensor  1 , it is deduced from this that the short circuit  5  is between the power supply  3  of the speed/position sensor  1  and the output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1 . If the response to the test is negative, it is concluded that the short circuit  6  is between another power supply and the output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1 . It may reasonably be considered that this other power supply is the power supply  4  of the engine control  9  or battery power supply, at a voltage VBat. 
     According to another feature, a short circuit  5 ,  6  is detected by the control unit  10  by measuring a constant level at the output  2  of the speed/position sensor  1  when a rotation of the engine is detected. 
     A condition exhibiting a constant level at the output  2  due to an absence of rotation of the engine should be distinguished from the same condition caused by a short circuit  5 ,  6 . The sensor which observes the rotation of the engine is the speed/position sensor  1 . Now, in the present condition the latter is not operational. Thus, another speed/position sensor is used. 
     A camshaft rotates substantially as one with the crankshaft. Thus, if the position/speed sensor  1  diagnosed is a crankshaft sensor, a camshaft sensor may advantageously constitute a backup rotating engine indicator in the event of the crankshaft sensor failing. Conversely, if the speed/position sensor  1  diagnosed is a camshaft sensor, a crankshaft sensor, or indeed another camshaft sensor, may advantageously constitute a backup rotating engine indicator in the event of the first camshaft sensor failing. 
     According to another feature, the excess consumption test is performed by interrogating the power supply  3  of the position/speed sensor  1 . The power supply  3  of the position/speed sensor  1  comprises self-monitoring means, such as an ammeter  15 . It is thus capable of determining whether its consumption is nominal or raised. The power supply  3  communicates the measurement result to the control unit  10  via any communication means, for example a bus  11 , for example in the SPI format. 
     The engine control  9  is the unit at the heart of the problem. It possesses the measurement, processing and actuation means for performing the various steps of the method described above. Thus, the invention further relates to a motor vehicle engine control  9 , implementing the method according to one of the features described previously. 
     The invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the preceding description. The latter should be considered as illustrative and given by way of example and not as limiting the invention to this description only. Numerous variant embodiments are possible. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS 
     
         
         
           
               1 : position/speed sensor, 
               2 : output, 
               3 : sensor power supply, 
               4 : engine control/battery power supply, 
               5 ,  6 : short circuit, 
               7 : ground, 
               8 : input, 
               9 : engine control, 
               10 : control unit, 
               11 : communication bus, 
               12 : pull-up resistor, 
               13 : transistor, 
               14 : base of the transistor, 
               15 : self-ammeter.