Patent Publication Number: US-2010128296-A1

Title: System and Method for Dynamically Printing Printed Codes in a Document

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates in general to information management and in particular to a system for integrating physical articles with recorded information. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Related systems are known in the prior art, especially in the area of children books and educational books. Specifically other systems have disclosed encoding techniques and similar techniques wherein there is invisible code embedded under visible indicia. 
     For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,350,718 discloses a document, with indexes and associated document reader. The document is constructed by printing plural pixels and divided into plural areas. Each of the areas has plural indexes respectively consisting of a group of indexing dots to represent an area code corresponding to the area. The document is read according to the different optical reflection features of the pixels which are filter, recognized by a pattern sensor and decoded. U.S. Pat. No. 5,329,108 discloses a map with indexes and an associated document reader. The indexes are composed of a group of dots placed on the map in the vicinity of the associated elementary area. The dots form a specific code for the area and are readable by an optical reader. 
     Although, there are known systems which use invisible embedded invisible code, there has been no development of technology in fields outside the foregoing fields where similar technology would prove to be beneficial. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     By the present invention, the use of encoding techniques wherein there is invisible code embedded under visible indicia is expanded to applications in the financial, military, music, and security fields. 
     An object of the invention is to provide an information system comprising an electronically-accessible data record. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an information system for use in information management for musical and theatrical entertainment comprising an electronically-accessible data record, including a performance element; a substrate having thereon one or more printed codes practically imperceptible to a human being; and a device having an optical reader capable of reading a selected one of the one or more printed codes on the substrate, non-volatile memory and a controller, the device further having means for providing humanly perceptible feedback, the non-volatile memory storing the performance element. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide one or more printed codes on the substrate, wherein there can be a pre-printed material visible to the naked eye which is in substantial registration with at least one or more of the printed codes. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide printed codes on an intermediate substrate, which has at least one of an adhesive layer and a protective layer, neither which is made of a material that obscures the ability of the optical reader to read the printed code. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide the intermediate substrate on a sheet with one or more immediate substrates, wherein the individual intermediate substrates can be of different shapes. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide the device with circuitry for updating the non-volatile memory. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide the device with a means for recording data into a device. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a system wherein a radio transceiver sends the recorded data via the first and second radio transceivers to the data record creation, storage and update subsystem along with a device identification code and data sufficient to determine a specific code, the device identification code being stored in the non-volatile memory of the device and the data sufficient to determine specific code being read from the printed codes on the substrate 
     Another object of the invention is to incorporate the features of the above-mentioned system into varying applications, wherein, a substrate having thereon one or more printed codes practically imperceptible to a human being; and a device having an optical reader capable of reading a selected one of the one or more printed codes on the substrate, non-volatile memory and a controller, the device further having means for providing humanly perceptible feedback, and the non-volatile memory storage capability would be useful. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a substrate which is a piece of sheet music and wherein the performance element is selected from the group comprising a rhythm, a specific voice range, a specific instrument, a choir, an individual vocalist, and individual music notes and the performance elements are further selected from the group comprising bar by bar, rift by rift, and movement by movement. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a substrate which is a theatrical script and the performance element is selected from the group comprising standard instrumental, piano assist, vocals, full orchestra, and theatrical dialog, and wherein the electronically accessible data record includes a plurality of theatrical dialog performance elements wherein the device may be set to play the plurality of theatrical dialog performance elements in order. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a theatrical script wherein the plurality of theatrical dialog performance elements includes first theatrical character dialog and second theatrical character dialog. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a device to be used with a theatrical script wherein the device can be instructed by a printed code to stop playback immediately before playback of any dialog of the first theatrical character, the device can be instructed by a next-line printed code to resume playback at the next second theatrical character dialog, and the device can be instructed by a forgot-my-line printed code to resume playback at the next first theatrical character dialog. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide hand-held cards wherein the next-line printed code that instructs the device to resume playback at the next second theatrical character dialog is printed thereon, and on the opposite side of the card the forgot-my-line printed code that instructs the device to resume playback at the next first theatrical character dialog is printed. 
     Another objection of the invention is to provide a printing system for use in printing selected printed code associated with the visible text and associated specific behaviors on a printed substrate comprising: a computer; a software application that creates printable documents; a printer driver, including at least an index mapping tool, comprising a geometry mapping tool and a behavior tool; and a printer. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the present drawings, specifications, and claims before them. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  of the drawings is an exploded view of the printed code  50  associated with various substrates  155  and a representative view of the hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 2  of the drawings is an illustration of the use of adhesive stickers to carry the printed code  50  for association with the substrate, which is subsequently covered by a practically transparent substrate. 
         FIG. 3  of the drawings is a representation of the components comprising the hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 4  of the drawings is a block diagram of the optical reader  310  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  of the drawings is an alternative embodiment of the hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 6  of the drawings is an illustration of the entry of initial patient data into a patient records database  395  associated with the system. 
         FIG. 7  of the drawings is an illustration of printing a sheet of various sized labels and a patient identification bracelet associated with new patient admittance. 
         FIG. 8  of the drawings is an illustration of the patient identification bracelet  4000  that is generated for the patient upon admittance. 
         FIG. 9  of the drawings is an exploded view of the information portion of the patient identification bracelet  4000 . 
         FIG. 10  of the drawings is an illustration of one manner of connecting the hand-held device  300  to the remainder of the system such that patient data may be saved in substantially real-time if the radio frequency link is active. 
         FIG. 11  of the drawings is an illustration of one manner of connecting the hand-held device  300  to the remainder of the system showing collection of patient data through microphone  345  and organization of same in the patient records database  395 . 
         FIG. 12  of the drawings is an illustration of a prescription drug verification function of the system. 
         FIG. 13  of the drawings is an illustration of the prescription bottle substrate. 
         FIG. 14   a  of the drawings is an illustration of the identification card  5000 . 
         FIG. 14   b  of the drawings is an illustration of the identification card  5000  depicting the invisible printed regions containing the printed code. 
         FIG. 15  of the drawings is an illustration of one potential use of the hand-held device  300  to read an identification card  5000 . 
         FIG. 16  of the drawings is an illustration of one example of instructional material  6000  which may be used with the hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 17  of the drawings is an illustration of a display label  7000  which may be used with the hand-held device  300  in a museum-type setting. 
         FIG. 18  of the drawings is an illustration of an example theme park map  7050  which may be used with the hand-held device  300  in a theme park setting. 
         FIG. 18   a  of the drawings is an illustration of one embodiment of a use in a theme park wherein the hand-held device  300  can be used for entertainment while waiting in line at various attractions. 
         FIG. 19  of the drawings is an illustration of a financial/legal use of the hand-held device  300  where the substrate  155  is a fillable sheet  8000 . 
         FIG. 20  of the drawings is an illustration of a marketing document  9000  for use with a hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 21  of the drawings is an illustration of a soldier using the system to learn the operation of a weapons system. 
         FIG. 22  of the drawings is an illustration of one example of a music application for use with the hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 23  of the drawings is an illustration of another example of the music application. 
         FIG. 23   a  of the drawings is an illustration of musical score cover which is used to contain a musical score for use with a hand-held device. 
         FIG. 24  of the drawings is an illustration of one embodiment of the ticket  10000  application using the hand-held device  300 . 
         FIG. 25  of the drawings is a flow chart embodying the dynamic printing function. 
         FIG. 26  of the drawings is an illustration of the initial step of the index mapping tools function  11070  of the dynamic printing function. 
         FIG. 27  of the drawings is an illustration of the mapping tool component  13010  of the mapping tools function  11070  of the dynamic printing function. 
         FIG. 28  of the drawings is an illustration of the application behavior component  14010  of the mapping tools function  11070  of the dynamic printing function. 
         FIG. 29  of the drawings is an illustration of using a printer to print off a document which contains printed code  50  associated with specific actions. 
         FIG. 30  of the drawings is an illustration of one embodiment of the document created via dynamic printing using the hand-held device  300 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE COMMON TO ALL INVENTIONS 
     While the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms, the drawings and discussion are presented with the understanding that the present disclosure is an exemplification of the principles of one or more inventions and is not intended to limit any one of the inventions to the embodiments illustrated. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , a system  100  including a printed code  50  printed on a substrate  155  and a hand-held device  300  is disclosed. While the specification will primarily speak in terms of hand-held device  300 , it is contemplated that the hand-held device  300  could be replaced in some system  100  by a non-portable, stationary device. 
     Various types of printed codes may be used in the system  100 , including those types of encoding techniques taught by U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,237; 4,604,065; 4,627,819; 4,990,093; 5,329,108; 5,416,312; and 7,350,718. Other types of printed codes are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present disclosure. The printed codes may be printed in association with the process of mass printing visible indicia on one or more printed pages, such as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,237; 4,604,065; 4,627,819; 4,990,093; 5,329,108; 5,416,312; and 7,350,718. The printed codes may be printed before or after the visible indicia as part of the same printing process. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 2 , it is contemplated that the printed code  50  may be humanly perceptible before it has been physically associated with substrate  155 . However, the printed code  50  is practically imperceptible to a human being once it has been associated with a substrate  155 , such as printed matter  150   a  or even a surface of an article  150   c  (see  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 ). 
     The term “article” for purposes of the present disclosure is intended to exclude mass printed matter, such as books, instruction booklets, magazines, newspapers, stock prospectuses, training guides, and user manuals. While “article” would certainly include three-dimensional objects, it is not intended that the meaning of “article” be so limited. So, for instance, electronic equipment (such as a DVD player), identification cards or passports, electronics (such as an alarm clock  150   c , toaster, or microwave oven), medical devices, identification cards  150   b , medical identification bracelets, prescription medicine containers, and vehicles are all examples of “articles” that may be associated with this system. Articles and mass printed material may be collectively referred to as having substrates  155  upon which the printed codes  50  are placed. 
     Association of the printed code  50  with substrate  155  may be achieved by directly printing on the substrate  155 . The association of the printed code  50  with a previously created substrate  155  may be achieved by printing the codes directly on the previously created substrate  155  or via an intermediate substrate  156 , which is then physically associated with the substrate  155 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the intermediate substrate  156  may be an adhesive sticker having one or more layers of adhesive  156   c  and a printable layer  156   b . In some embodiments, the adhesive sticker may further include a protective layer  156   a  on top of the printable layer, where the protective layer is made such that it does not significantly obscure the ability of the hand-held device  300  to read the printed code on the adhesive sticker. The adhesive sticker may be made of layers that, at most, do not significantly obscure the substrate  155  below. However, for some articles, the adhesive sticker may obscure what lies underneath. Adhesive stickers may be produced in pre-printed sheets or rolls for mass application during mass production of substrates. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the hand-held device  300  of the system  100  comprises an optical reader  310  capable of reading the selected printed code; non-volatile memory  320 ; a controller  330 ; an audio speaker  340 ; an on/off switch  350 ; and a power cell  360  (such as a battery). The interconnections between the elements are not shown because such connections are well understood and to avoid obscuring the invention. The hand-held device housing would most preferably be shaped like a pen, however, other housing shapes and sizes may also be used. It is contemplated that the system may be incorporated into any stationary or hand-held device  300  so long as that device has the appropriate optical reader capabilities. So, for instance, it is contemplated that a mobile telephone having a CMOS camera could be used as the hand-held device  300  in the present system. While the present disclosure may speak in terms of “touching” the hand-held device  300  or pen to the substrate, this term should be understood for purposes of the present disclosure to encompass not only physically touching the hand-held device&#39;s sensor window  312  to the substrate  155 , but also bringing the sensor window  312  in sufficiently close proximity to the substrate  155  for the optical reader  310  to read the selected printed code  50 . 
     The non-volatile memory  320  of the hand-held device  300  is preferably rewriteable and may be removable from the housing of the hand-held device  300 . The non-volatile memory  320  may also be physically fixed within the hand-held device  300 . The non-volatile memory  320  may be proprietary or may be selected from commonly available forms of non-volatile memory  320 , such as EEPROM, EPROM, Flash Memory, SDRAM, SRAM, and memory cards, including, but not limited to, CompactFlash (CF), JEIDA, Memory Stick (MS/MS-PRO), miCard, Microdrive (MD), MultiMediaCard (MMC), Secure Digital (SD), microSD, SmartMedia (SM), and xD-Picture. The non-volatile memory  320  is used, among other things, to store the printed codes, audio, and programming used by the controller  330  to operate the desired functions of the hand-held device  300 , as will be discussed more fully below: The audio may be encoded or raw and may comprise music, sound effects, and/or even speech synthesis data. 
     Preferably, the non-volatile memory  320  of the hand-held device  300  is rewriteable, although it is possible that a portion of the non-volatile memory  320  will be write once storage (WORM) or even read only memory (ROM) which shall be referred to as permanent storage  325  ( FIG. 3 ). It is contemplated that the hand-held device  300  may be assigned a unique identification number, which would be stored in either WORM or ROM either at the factory or by a company deploying the hand-held devices  300 . Where the hand-held device  300  includes rewriteable memory, the device may further include circuitry capable of rewriting the rewriteable, non-volatile memory  320 . The update circuitry  370 , as shown in  FIG. 4 , may interface with external devices, such as a specialized computer, a general-purpose computer, or a remote server, via a wired or a wireless connection. 
     Where the external connection  380  is wireless, the hand-held device  300  would further include a radio transceiver. The wireless connection could be 2G, 3G, Bluetooth, CDMA, DECT, TDMA, UMTS-TDD, WiBro, WiFi, or WiMAX to name a few. Wired connections may be proprietary or constructed in accordance with a standard such as USB or FireWire (IEEE-1394). 
     The controller  330  of the hand-held device  300  may be comprised of any group of electrical components, firmware and software sufficient to operate the functions of the hand-held device  300 . Among the potential groups of electrical components for implementing the controller  330  are general-purpose microprocessors, special purpose microprocessors, and ASICs. The controller  330  will have likely have volatile memory elements (e.g. registers) and access to the non-volatile memory  320 . In some instances, the controller  330 , itself, will preferably have separate non-volatile memory  320 , which comprises a part of the overall non-volatile memory  320  of the hand-held device  300 . The controller  330  provides a means for controlling the functions of the hand-held device  300  and coordinating those functions to produce the functionality disclosed herein. The controller  330  may also keep real time or at least system time. 
     The audio speaker  340  of the hand-held device  300  is primarily used to provide audible instructions, information and other feedback to the user of the hand-held device  300 . The controller  330  is operably connected to the audio speaker  340 , such that pre-recorded audio, synthesized audio, or text-to-speech output may be audibly played through the audio speaker  340 . It is contemplated that the hand-held device  300  could also include an audio jack such that an external headphone or independently-amplified external speaker could be used instead of or in addition to the audio speaker  340  in the hand-held device  300 . 
     The on/off switch  350  of the hand-held device  300  is preferably a slider switch, but could be a momentary contact switch or any other type of electro-mechanical switch. In a preferred embodiment, the on/off switch  350  may be a three position slider switch. Those three positions are preferably: off, on at a low volume, and on at a higher volume. It would be understood by those skilled in the art having the present disclosure before them that the on/off switch  350  could be a two-position switch with preset volume or volume selectivity could be provided by a potentiometer with an adjustment wheel or knob accessible on the face of the housing. 
     The power cell  360  of the hand-held device  300  is preferably a battery. The battery may be a disposable or a rechargeable battery. In the case of a rechargeable battery, the hand-held device  300  would include charging circuitry and would preferably include software to optimize the recharging of the battery. As is known, where the hand-held device  300  includes a USB port (see  380 ,  FIG. 1 ), external power may be provided to the device via the USB port to recharge the battery. In an embodiment with no physical ports, inductive charging may be used as is well known in the art. The hand-held device  300  would also preferably include a low-battery warning mechanism. 
     The hand-held device  300  may also optionally include a microphone  345 . In such an embodiment, the controller  330  would also have the ability to record the audio input via the microphone  345 . This recorded audio may be saved in its analog form or may preferably be digitized. In some embodiments, the controller  330  may include a speech-recognition engine that translates the audio into text. The audio or digital representation thereof (either pure digital or text-translation) may be stored by the controller  330  in the hand-held device  300  or that audio may be transmitted either wirelessly or by wire to or from a computer or remote server. 
       FIG. 4  shows the optical reader  310  includes a photodetector  410  and an optical decoder  460 . The photodetector may comprise a single row, but preferably includes a two-dimensional array of semiconductor devices (such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) or CMOS optical sensors), each associated with an amplifier and an optical filter. The optical filter generally allows a band centered wavelength of light to pass. The center of the band of frequency or frequencies selected depends upon the printed code system chosen. The size of the semiconductor row or array may also be adjusted depending upon the printed code system selected. For instance, in an embodiment deployed with a mobile telephone CMOS camera at least three wavelengths will be filtered and, hence, sensed (blue, green, and red), so the printed code system may be selected to take advantage of the ability of an array to sense one, two or all three wavelength bands of light. In an embodiment where the printed code system relies on infrared wavelengths, the optical reader  310  may also include a source of infrared radiation  480 , such as a LED and the filter pass-band would be selected accordingly. The image sensed by the photodetector  410  is read out into the optical decoder  460 , which may be part of the controller  330  or a discrete set of circuitry. The optical decoder  460  gathers the sensed optical signals and translates those signals into images that are matched against the known aspects of the selected printed code. Once the optical signal is decoded, the information is passed out of the optical reader  310  to the controller  330 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the hand-held device  300  may also optionally include a visual display means  365  in the housing. The visual display means  365  may be as simple as a single, colored light emitting diode or it may be as complex as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or LED display, such as those found in hand-held calculators. The controller  330  would drive the visual display means  365  as is known by those in the art. 
     As also shown in  FIG. 5 , the hand-held device  300  may optionally include one or more biometric sensors  355 , such as a fingerprint reader, or biometric analysis such as a voice-analyzer or handwriting analyzer. One or more of these biometric sensors  355  may be used alone or in combination with each other and/or a password to provide some level of security for the system. The controller  330  would support the biometric sensing capabilities using peripherals. For instance, where voice analysis is used the microphone  345  would be used in combination with the controller  330  and memory to judge whether the user is matched with hand-held device  300 . In another example where handwriting analysis is used, the hand-held device  300  would further include an ink cartridge and could further include an accelerometer and/or a pressure sensor to judge the speed, angle and pressure of the user&#39;s writing style. The hand-held device  300  may also have the ability to perform optical character recognition. 
     In an embodiment including biometric or other security, once the user identity is sufficiently confirmed, the hand-held device  300  may communicate with the outside world using unique identification number assigned to that the hand-held device  300 . In secure transaction environments, the communications will be encrypted and otherwise secured by the controller  330 . That communication may be further secured after the first communication hop taken by communication outside of the hand-held device  300 , e.g. the personal computer to which the hand-device is operably coupled. 
     In an embodiment of the hand-held device  300  having the audio speaker  340 , the multi-lingual and visually-impaired communications may impact each and every application. It should be relatively straightforward—based on the foregoing disclosure—to begin to understand how this system can help visually-impaired individuals by reading out loud printed matter from encoded substrates. The multi-lingual aspect requires some additional discussion. The substrate  155  may be printed in a manner that is appropriate for the majority of readers in a particular environment (e.g. English language in 12 pt font), yet the hand-held device  300  may be programmed to selectively read the substrate  155  in English or a different language, such as Chinese, French, Japanese, Polish, Russian, or Spanish, to name only a few potential languages. To facilitate the language change an icon printed on the substrate  155  to be read or on a separate command substrate  155  would visually convey to the user that touching the hand-held to the icon would change the language spoken by the hand-held device  300 . The hand-held device  300  preferably responds by audibly indicating the language mode the device is in (e.g. “Españolé” for Spanish). 
     The hand-held device  300  may be used in a variety of applications, including in the healthcare field, authentication and security applications, education/instructional applications, museum or theme park applications, financial/legal applications, marketing applications, military/training applications, music and entertainment applications, ticket applications, and desktop printing applications. 
     Healthcare Applications 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , as part of the admissions process for the patient, a data record would be created by entering information into a hospital admissions database  395  including, for example, the patient&#39;s name (e.g. Smith, John M) and the other information that is commonly visibly depicted on a patient identification bracelet. As shown in  FIG. 6 , this data record may include additional information beyond that printed on a typical patient id bracelet as well as additional fields for drug allergies, patient event summaries; examination notes; one or more sets of vital signs; and nursing instructions. The fields depicted in this data record are merely intended to be illustrative of the possible data contained in the initial patient data record. This initial patient data record would be stored in the healthcare facilities computer database  395 . The information is then accessible to the hospital server  375 , and then, for example, the specific patient information can be wirelessly upload into a hand-held device  300  for a specific patient. Moreover, additional information can be added to the patient record via the hand-held device  300 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , after entering the initial patient data record, the record is used to print a new patient admittance sheet  390  comprising pre-printed labels  395  and the patient&#39;s identification bracelet  4000 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , the pre-printed labels  395  may be a variety of different shapes to facilitate the use of the labels in a variety of healthcare specific objects such as on blood and urine samples, medication, and medical supplies. The labels may also have a specific color, shape, number, letter, or other modification to more readily identify a particular hospital procedure or test. As further shown in  FIG. 7 , the completed patient id bracelet  4000  may be printed with the new patient admittance sheet  390  and easily removed via the perforations in the sheet. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the substrate  155  may comprise a patient identification bracelet  4000 . As was previously known, patient identification bracelet  4000  is fixed around a patient&#39;s wrist or ankle to ensure identification of the patient throughout their stay at the healthcare facility. The patient identification bracelet  4000  is usually printed on a flexible durable substrate such that the printing disposed thereon would be expected to survive the conditions reasonably expected for a patient&#39;s stay in the healthcare facility. Although the patient identification bracelet is shown as including a digital photo of the patient, inclusion of such photo is optional. Similarly, other information not shown on the patient identification bracelet  4000  depicted in  FIG. 8  may be printed on the bracelet by the healthcare facility. 
     For purposes of the present invention one or more printed codes (not visible to the human eye in  FIG. 8  in accordance with the present invention) are associated with one or more printed regions on the patient identification bracelet.  FIG. 9  illustrates some of the printed regions  4001 ,  4002 ,  4003 ,  4004 , and  4005  on patient identification bracelet  4000 . The patient identification bracelet  4000  illustrated would actually have at least seven more printed regions, which regions are indicated on  FIG. 9  but not given reference numbers to avoid obscuring the figure. As shown in  FIG. 8  these “regions” are not actually visible to the naked eye in operation. 
     Within each printed region  4001 ,  4002 ,  4003 ,  4004 , and  4005  a single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of the select region. These printed codes would be sufficiently unique to the patient such that the codes of a first patient would not be mistaken for the codes of a second patient within the same healthcare facility during the same period of time. The codes may be recycled by the healthcare facility, but preferably not for lengthy periods of time. These printed codes may be printed on the substrate  155  at the same time that visible information is printed on the patient identification bracelet  4000  (see  FIG. 7 ) or the regions may be pre-printed on the substrate  155 . Where the printed codes are pre-printed on the patient identification bracelet, the healthcare facility would be provided with means for associating the group of preprinted printed codes from the specific patient identification bracelet used for the particular patient. This means may include a hand-held device  300  and the printing of the codes on a designated section of new patient admittance sheet  390 . 
     It should also be understood that some of the visible printing on patient identification bracelet  4000  may also be pre-printed such as information symbol  4010 , change language icon  4014 , and healthcare facility logo  4015 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , a healthcare worker, such as a nurse, caring for the patient may have a hand-held device  300 . The non-volatile memory  320  in the device may have been loaded with the patient data records for all of the patients in the healthcare facility or, as may be more likely the case due to memory size constraints, it may have been loaded with relevant portions of the patient data records for patients in the healthcare worker&#39;s assigned location within the healthcare facility (e.g. the Surgical Ward). The downloading of the patent data records may be accomplished wirelessly or by wired connection. The healthcare worker touches the hand-held device  300  to a region of the patient identification bracelet, such as region  4003  containing the patient&#39;s name. The hand-held device  300  registers the patient name and the device preferably audibly states the patient&#39;s name. 
     The healthcare worker may next touch the hand-held device  300  to the region  4001  including information symbol  4010 . In an illustrated embodiment, touching the printed codes associated with information symbol  4010  will cause the hand-held device  300  to audibly read-out any patient event summaries logged in the patient records database  395  within the last few hours (perhaps even eight or more hours) subject to the last update of the non-volatile memory  320  in device  300 , which depends on whether the system is updated wirelessly or by wired connection. In a wirelessly updated system, the memory  320  onboard the hand-held device  300  may be updated in substantially real time. As is depicted in  FIG. 10  via the bi-directional RF arrows, data may be transmitted from a server  375  via an RF antenna to the device  300 . 
     It should be understood that the printed code associated with the information symbol  4010  could be associated with any information included the patient data record, such that the information is read aloud by the hand-held device  300  upon touching the information symbol  4010 . In another example, touching the region associated with the visible printing “MED SURG” on the patient identification bracelet would prompt an audible message that may include more information about the surgery, for instance, “patient is admitted for scheduled surgery on his right carotid artery on Jun. 4, 2008.” 
     As shown in the illustrated embodiment of  FIG. 11 , the healthcare worker may record vital signs or other activities conducted in association with the patient directly into the hand-held device  300  using the optional microphone  345 . So, for instance, by touching the device to the healthcare facility logo  4015 , the hand-held device  300  would record the unique patient identification and may indicate (preferably audibly) that it is ready to receive data and switch into audio record mode. At that time, the healthcare worker would audibly state something like, “BP 120 over 80, pulse 88, temp 99.2, pupils normal, color good” and then touch the healthcare facility logo  4015  again to stop the recording. In addition to the audio record, the recorded record would also include the patient identification (as indicated by the unique printed code associated with the healthcare facility logo  4015 ), the unique identification number embedded in permanent storage  325  of the hand-held device  300  and would preferably also note the real-time the record was recorded. In addition to being stored on the hand-held device  300 , that patent event record may be uploaded to the healthcare facility&#39;s computer system. As shown in  FIG. 11 , this upload may be via a wireless RF link to the server  375  and in turn the patient records database  395 . The data saved each patient&#39;s record in the database  395  would include the initial patient data from admitting as well as other data such as lab tests, physical examination records, vital sign updates, scheduled testing procedures, nurse&#39;s notes, and more. This data can be inserted from various workstations  385  throughout the healthcare facility or even from a computer in the patient&#39;s room. Other than the initial patient data, data is preferably organized by time in reverse chronological order such that the most recent pertinent information is available first. 
     The healthcare facility&#39;s computer system may save the audio record in the patient data record, and may also convert the audio record to text. In a preferred embodiment, the text copy of the record (which would include not only the record spoken by the healthcare worker, but also their name and the record time), is used as the source of information read out to healthcare workers that subsequently touch Mr. Smith&#39;s information symbol  4010 . Using this approach would likely expedite and simplify conversion of the information to another language if such language is needed for the user of another hand-held device  300 . 
     It should be understood that the healthcare worker could be a phlebotomist taking blood samples and recording into the patient data record using a hand-held device  300  something to the effect of “two vials of blood were drawn,” which would then be associated with the real time, the hand-held device identification number and the patient for recording in the patient data record. Similar examples can be given of physical, occupational, respiratory and other therapists. In addition, a speech-language pathologist could even use the record function of the hand-held device  300  to record patient speech for diagnostics and later comparison purposes. The system may be taught to recognize the identification of the hand-held device  300  of each healthcare worker such that the system will cause the appropriate types of records to be generated. Alternatively, the healthcare workers may carry around a printed template that has printed codes  50  embedded thereon to instruct the device to create a variety of records or perform certain tasks. 
     In another example, the healthcare worker may need to contact the patient&#39;s primary doctor as listed on the patient identification bracelet  4000 . In one embodiment, touching the region with the doctor&#39;s name will cause the hand-held device  300  to audibly read out the doctor&#39;s name and contact information. That doctor contact information may be static or it may, preferably be updated in real time in a separate record in the healthcare facilities database  395 . So, for instance, the default message associated with the printed code printed in that region of the patient identification bracelet illustrated in the figures could be an audible message “Attending physician Paul Johnson MD. Telephone number 555-1212. Pager number 555-1213.” But, when Dr. Johnson wants the night off, he could submit to the healthcare facility computer a message that “Dr. Jane Doe is handling my patients tonight her number is 555-2121.” The computer recognizing “tonight” during speech-to-text translation, could insert the real date. This message would then be associated with Dr. Johnson&#39;s record, such that a healthcare worker now touching the doctor region of Mr. Smith&#39;s patient identification bracelet  4000  would heat “Attending physician Paul Johnson MD. Dr. Jane Doe is handling patients tonight, Sunday June 1 st , her number is 555-2121.” It should also be understood that Dr. Johnson&#39;s actual recording could be played instead of the textualized version created by the computer. 
     In another example, the healthcare worker may be at the patient&#39;s bedside to administer prescribed medication to the patient. After touching the patient identification bracelet  4000 , as shown in  FIG. 12  the healthcare worker would touch a container baring a label with printed codes. The printed codes on the prescription label may match one of the printed codes on the patient identification bracelet  4000 , such as the code associated with the patient name; although the particular code selected is not particularly significant. If the printed code on the label matches the printed code on the patient identification bracelet, then the hand-held device  300  would provide an audible signal that the prescription should be dispensed. In some instances, the patient may need an emergency medication that had not been previously prescribed. In those cases, as well as the prescription example above, the healthcare worker may touch an indicated region on the general medicine packaging that has an associate printed code. If the new medication is in the list of the patient&#39;s drug allergies or an interaction warning exists between the new medication and one or more of the medications in the patient data record, an alarm would sound. That alarm may include specific information, such as “patient is allergic to sulfides” or “there is a potentially adverse drug interaction between [drug 1] and [the new medication]”. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a prescription filled at a retail or mail-order pharmacy enabled for use with the present system. In this example the substrate  155  is the prescription label  4500 , which has one or more printed codes not visible to the human eye associated with a respective one or more printed regions on the prescription label  4500 . In this particular embodiment of the prescription label  4500 , the regions  4501 ,  4502 ,  4503 ,  4504 ,  4505 ,  4506 ,  4507 ,  4508 , and  4509 , among others not numbered, are actually bounded by visibly printed lines and/or color distinctions. Within each printed region a single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of the select region. 
     The printed codes used on the prescription label  4500  may be unique or may be set. For instance, the printed code used by the prescription number  4511  and patient name  4512  should be unique within the same pharmacy or group of pharmacies (where they share a coding system). The printed codes for the pharmacy name  4550  and the drug type and dosage  4514 , for instance, would not be unique to the prescription label  4500 , but would be unique as among other pharmacies, other drugs and other dosages. These printed codes may be printed on the substrate  155  at the same time that visible information is printed on the prescription label  4500 . Some of the printed codes may be pre-printed on the substrate  155 , particularly in this example where the information is not variable such as pharmacy name  4550 . It should also be understood that some of the visible printing may also be pre-printed such as the lines that divide some of the coded regions, the information symbols  4516  and  4517 , the refill symbol  4518 , and the change language icon  4560 . 
     The interaction between the prescription label  4500  and the hand-held device  300  follows as would be expected having read the present disclosure. For instance, touching the hand-held device  300  to printed region  4501  would result in the prescription number being read aloud by the hand-held device  300  through its audio speaker  340 . Similarly, the hand-held device  300  would read aloud the patient name if printed region  4502  is touched; the instructions if printed region  4503  is touched, the medication type and unit dosage if region  4504  is touched, etc. This feature is particularly useful in multi-resident households where one or more residents may be visually-impaired. It is similarly useful where the user may not speak English, in which case, by touching the change language icon  4560  the hand-held device  300  reads aloud in another language even if the printed matter is in English. 
     The usage information symbol  4516  provides detailed information regarding the usage of the medication, for instance: “take in the morning,” “take on an empty stomach 30 minutes before eating,” “take with at least 8 oz of water,” “if you miss a dose, take as soon as possible, unless it is almost time for your next dose in which case skip the dose, do not take extra medicine to make up the dose,” “store at room temperature.” This information will vary depending upon the medication. The medicine information symbol  4517  may state the branded name as well as the generic name and could further provide warnings about potential problems in switching from branded to generic drugs. The refill symbol  4518  will order a refill from the pharmacy that originally filled the prescription, if there are refills available. In particular, the user touches the refill symbol  4518  and the hand-held device  300  states aloud, “to confirm that you want to refill your prescription please touch this button again.” After touching the refill symbol  4518  a second time, a refill order record is created in the hand-held device  300  including at least the prescription number of prescription label  4500 . If the hand-held device  300  has a operative connection to the pharmacy (either directly via wireless connection or via the Internet), the order will be placed. 
     The prescription label  4500  may also have a printed region coded that could be touched immediately before the next dose of the medication is taken. By touching this symbol with the hand-held device  300  a record is saved that the medication was taken at the time recorded by the device  300 . In any subsequent attempt to take the medication, the symbol would be touched again and the current time will be compared to the previous time record. If the time between doses is too close a user-perceivable warning will be issued by the hand-held device  300 , such as an audible warning “do not take this medication yet, it is too soon since your last dose.” The user may override the message, take the medication and record the new time by touching the dosing symbol for a second time. 
     The prescription label  4500  may also help in the pharmacy to better ensure the correct drug is being dispensed. For instance, the printed code could be printed either on a unit or bulk container of the medication or even directly on the surface of certain medications. In either case, during the process of filling the prescription the pharmacy worker could touch the hand-held device  300  to the mediation indicated on the prescription label  4500  at region  4504  and then touch the coded region on the bulk container or on the medication itself. A pleasant tone or warning sound may be used to indicate whether there is a match. 
     Authentication and Security Applications 
     As shown in the illustrated embodiment of  FIG. 14   a , the substrate  155  may comprise an identification card  5000 . The security features built into the hand-held device  300  provide a level of security for the identification card holder and the identification card issuer. 
     The identification card  5000  may be made of typical identification card-type material, and the printing disposed thereon would be expected to survive the conditions to which a normal identification card would be exposed. This would include, for example, laundering and wear associated with inserting the card in and out of a wallet. The identification card could be associated with a school, as shown in  FIG. 14   a , or it may be used by any other business, organization, or legal entity that might have a need for identification cards. Information printed on an identification card may include the holder&#39;s name and photograph. As depicted in  FIG. 14   a , the identification card may also include printed guides that provide access to the holder&#39;s schedule, emergency contact information, allergies, account balances, etc. Other information may be printed on the identification card in accordance with the needs of the identification card holder and the identification card issuer. 
     For purposes of the present invention one or more printed codes (not visible to the human eye in  FIG. 14   a  in accordance with the present invention) are associated with one or more printed regions on the identification card  5000 . 
     As described in the hospital identification bracelet application above, the visible print of the identification card  5000  could be in the same location as the words which are printed on the identification card  5000 . Alternatively,  FIGS. 14   a  and  14   b  illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated identification card, “buttons” are visibly printed on the surface of the identification card  5000  which indicate the location of the printed code regions. For example, in  FIG. 14   b  there are printed regions  5001 ,  5002 ,  5003 ,  5004 , and  5005  in the same location as the printed display arrows on the identification card  5000 . Additionally, there is a printed region in the same location as the photograph  5006 , which could include printed codes for the cardholder&#39;s name. It should be understood that the identification card  5000  could contain other types of visibly printed shapes depending on the usage of the identification cards. Additionally, the identification cards could include additional printed regions as is indicated in  FIG. 14   a  or  14   b , but not given reference numbers to avoid obscuring the figure. As shown in  FIG. 14   a  these “regions” are not actually visible to the naked eye in operation. 
     Within each printed region  5001 ,  5002 ,  5003 ,  5004 ,  5005 , and  5006  a single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of the select region. These printed codes would be sufficiently unique to the identification card holder such that the codes of an identification holder would not be mistaken for the codes of another identification holder. These printed codes may be printed on the substrate  155  at the same time that visible information is printed on the identification card  5000  (see  FIG. 14   a ) or the regions may be pre-printed on the substrate  155 . Where the printed codes are pre-printed on the identification, the identification card issuer would be provided with means for associating the group of preprinted printed codes from the specific identification card used for the particular card holder. Because the printed codes are practically invisible, they are difficult to copy and/or counterfeit. Therefore, the risk of counterfeiting this type of identification would be minimized in this system because the counterfeiter would be required to copy the visible printing and the printed code which is not visible. The users of hand-held device  300  may also be given different levels of authority to access information associated with the identification card. This optional functionality may also be associated with the security features of device  300  discussed above. Thus, the present invention is suitable for authentication and security applications. 
     It should also be understood that some of the visible printing on the identification card  5000  may also be pre-printed such as change language icon  5014 , and school logo  5015 , as illustrated in  FIG. 14   a  and  FIG. 14   b.    
     It is also contemplated that the identification card  5000  may be in the form of a passport. The hand-held device  300  would be swiped across the passport at Customs which would easily identify any pertinent information regarding a specific individual. The hand-held device  300  would read the printed code on the passport to determine the identification, nationality, traveling locations, and other pertinent information about an individual. For example, if the traveler has dual citizenship, there would be printed code for such information on the passport. Furthermore, the hand-held device could wirelessly transmit information to a traveler database which could match the traveler&#39;s name and passport information against any people which may be of interest, for example, for public security, the database may easily identify potential terrorists or fugitives. Furthermore, a database could be maintained to electronically save information regarding the travel habits of individuals. Therefore, each time a passport is swiped by a hand-held device at Customs, the passport information would be wirelessly uploaded into a database and stored. 
     As shown in  FIG. 15 , the identification card  5000  could be useful in emergency situations in which the identification card holder is unable to provide information. A member of the school, such as a teacher, may have a hand-held device  300 . The non-volatile memory  320  in the device may have been loaded with the student information for all of the students in the school or, as may be more likely the case due to memory size constraints, it may have been loaded with information specific to the students in the teacher&#39;s class or the teacher&#39;s assigned area within the school. The downloading of the student information may be accomplished wirelessly or by wired connection. The teacher touches the hand-held device  300  to a region of the student identification card  5000 , such as region  5003  containing the student&#39;s allergies. The hand-held device  300  registers the allergies of the student and the device preferably audibly states the student&#39;s allergies and instructions on how to provide the student assistance. As is shown, but not labeled in  FIG. 15 , the teacher could also touch the hand-held device  300  to the arrow  5006  on the other side of the allergy label and the device would audibly provide the child&#39;s doctor&#39;s phone number and address. 
     The teacher may next touch the hand-held device  300  to the printed region  5002 , which relates to emergency information. The teacher would be able to obtain the child&#39;s emergency contact information without having to research the child in a school records directory. For example, the arrow on the left of the emergency label may provide the child&#39;s parental/guardian contacts, and the arrow on the right would give any secondary contact information, such as a grandparent or a neighbor. 
     Although the above example is related to an emergency situation, it should be understood that the identification card application can be used for many different types of information retrieval which the entity supplying the identification card might find useful. In another example, the identification card  5000  could be used to charge the student for meals under the school&#39;s meal plan. 
     Education/Instruction Application 
     As shown in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 16 , the substrate  155  may comprise some form of instructional or educational material  6000 . As already described in association with the other embodiments, the instructional material would include one or more printed codes (not visible to the human eye in  FIG. 16  in accordance with the present invention) which may be associated with one or more printed regions on the instructional material. The single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of each select region. 
     The instructional/educational application can be, developed for different mediums. The instructional material  6000  may contain no printed words, but rather may contain only figures or pictures. The printed regions which contain printed code may be in the appropriate areas of the figures or pictures. This type of medium would be ideal for instructional material  6000  wherein the user needs to memorize figures, parts of figures, or information about written words in the instructional material  6000 . It should be understood that the instructional material  6000  may also be used for types of information retrieval other than those previously listed. 
     The user would simply touch the hand-held device  300  to the portion of the figure that the user needs to memorize. The hand-held device  300  via the audio speaker  340  would audibly state the name of the portion of the figure which is to be identified. The user could test his knowledge by comparing his answer to the actual name of the figure which has been audibly read through the audio speaker  340 . 
     Alternatively, the instructional material  6000  may contain printed words and printed code. The printed words would be within regions of printed code as has been indicated in other embodiments. As indicated in previous embodiments, the printed code and the printed words could be simultaneously added to the document. When the hand-held device  300  comes in contact with the printed regions, the hand-held device  300  via the audio speaker  340  would audibly read the words or phrases. This particular type of media would be ideal for situations in which the user of the instructional material needs to know how to pronounce words, for example, when a user is learning a foreign language. 
     The application may also utilize both of the above-mentioned features. This type of instructional material would have printed regions in the locations of both the figures/drawings and the printed words. Generally, the printed words would be listed in a legend. The user will touch the hand-held device  300  to a printed word, the printed word will be audibly read, and then the hand-held device  300  will instruct the user to find the location of the word in a figure. If the user is correct the hand-held device  300  will audibly read the printed code indicating the correctness of the selection; however if the user is incorrect the hand-held device  300  will not read the printed code and the hand-held device  300  will audibly indicate the incorrectness of the selection. For example,  FIG. 16  illustrates an example of this type of instructional material. Here, the user has already touched the word on the instructional material with the hand-held device  300 , and the hand-held device  300  has read the printed code  6001  and is instructing the user to find the location in the figure which represents that word. Upon finding the location in the figure, which is represented by printed region  6010 , the hand-held device  300  will read the printed code and audibly indicate that the selection is correct via the audio speaker  340 . Although only two words are provided in instructional material  6000  to avoid obscuring the figure, it is to be understood that the instructional material may contain a legend with parts to find in the associated figure. 
     It is to be understood that any of the above-mentioned embodiments of the instructional materials may include a language change option. Along these lines it should be apparent to those having read the present specification that the device and an associated substrate may be readily used to teach foreign languages. 
     Museum or Theme Park Applications 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , the substrate  155  may comprise a display label  7000  on a display  7035  in a museum. The display label  7000  may be an intermediate substrate, in the form of an adhesive sticker as shown in  FIG. 12 . The adhesive sticker may have one or more layers as discussed with reference to  FIG. 2 . The adhesive sticker would have to be made of a material that would stand up to wear and tear, especially if it is used outdoors. Alternatively, the display label  7000  could be printed on the display itself. The display label  7000  could also be a daily or weekly replaceable type of label that is attached in some manner to the display. The attachment could be via fasteners other any other type of suitable attachment means. It is to be understood that the above-mentioned display labels  7000  are only examples, and other types of suitable display labels  7000  are to be considered potential embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , the display label  7000  could include at least printed regions at a language selector indicator  7001  and age appropriate description, “ages 5-8”  7002 , “ages 9-11”  7003 , “ages 11-15”  7004 , and “adult”  7005 . The user of the hand-held device  300  would select his age and language. The hand-held device  300  would then read only the printed regions of the code on the display label  7000  and audibly read the description in the appropriate age level and language for the user. It is contemplated that once the user selects a language and age, the device may be programmed to default to that language-age selection until another selection is made. As a result, it is further contemplated that the age and language selection could be provided on separate signage to avoid obscuring the other signage in the museum. It is to be understood that other printed regions associated with visible printing may be present on the display label  7000 , but to avoid obscuring the figure references numerals have been withheld from the figure. 
     In this application the non-volatile memory  320  of the hand-held device  300  would have to be loaded with the tour information in each language and particular age group. This would be ideal for short tours wherein the amount of memory necessary would be limited. Alternatively, the hand-held device  300  could be pre-programmed by age and language, so that when the-user enters the museum, he is given a hand-held device  300  which is specific to his language and age group. The hand-held device  300  would be pre-programmed so that it would only read the code on the display that corresponds to the pre-programmed information in the hand-held device  300 . Therefore, all museum visitors would touch the same display label  7000  with the hand-held device  300 , but depending on the programming of the hand-held device  300  the visitor would obtain his own specific tour. The downloading of the user specific information to the hand-held device  300  may be accomplished wirelessly or by wired connection. Furthermore, the non volatile memory of the hand-held device  300  could be programmed per museum visitor at the actual time of his arrival and throughout updated wirelessly throughout the tour. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18 , the substrate  155  may be theme park map  7050 . The map is a typical theme park map which may be folded and stored for use when necessary. The map contains one or more printed codes (not visible to the human eye in accordance with the present invention) which are associated with one or more printed regions on the theme park map.  FIG. 18  illustrates the printed regions  7051 ,  7052 ,  7053 ,  7054 , and  7055  on the map. Each printed region is a amusement park attraction. Within each printed region  7051 ,  7052 ,  7053 ,  7054 , and  7055  a single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of the select region. A user will use the hand-held device  300  to read the printed code on the map. By touching the printed codes on the theme map, the hand-held device  300  will audibly provide details about the attraction to the user of the hand-held device  300 . 
     Furthermore, the theme map may have a legend which includes information about various attractions at the theme park. For example, the legend would include the names of the various rides, restaurants, and shows. Each visible attraction name listed in the legend will also contain printed code so that when a user touches the hand-held device  300  to a specific attraction, the user will obtain additional information about that attraction. For example, the user of the hand-held device  300  may want more information regarding a show playing at one of the theaters. The user would touch the hand-held device  300  to the show&#39;s name and the hand-held device  300  may provide audible details about the show, the times, the performers, or any other relevant information. If the user touched the hand-held device  300  to a restaurant the user may audibly hear information regarding the restaurant theme, the menu, and/or the cost. 
     Additionally, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the memory  320  of the hand-held device  300  may be updated in substantially real time. Since the hand-held device  300  is updated in real-time it can provide the user, for instance, information regarding wait times for the amusement park attractions. In another example, the device could provide upcoming show-times for performances and/or, parades within the theme park. Additionally, the user can touch his current attraction location on the map, and move the hand-held device  300  to the attraction he would like to go to next, and the hand-held device  300  will audibly relay information relating to distance to the next attraction, the shortest route to the next attraction, and the estimated amount of travel time to the next attraction. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18   a , the hand-held device  300  can also be used to entertain guests of the amusement park while they are waiting in line for an attraction. While in queue for the attraction there may be substrates  155  which may comprise, for example, adhesive stickers on poles, walls, and other mediums containing printed codes. The substrate  155  may also comprise other types of medium depending on the requirements of the user. For example, in  FIG. 18   a  one medium is the top of the pole  7058 . The hand-held device  300  will read the printed code and audibly provide entertainment through the audio speaker  340  while theme park guests are waiting for the ride. The printed code may translate into music, a story, or some other form of entertainment which may relate to the theme of the specific attraction for which the guest of the park is in queue. The user of the hand-held device  300  will be directed to the location to which the hand-held device  300  can read the label or other type of substrate. For example, the pole might read “touch wand here” or there may be audible instructions directing the user to touch the hand-held device  300  on a particular location. For example, in  FIG. 18   a , the hand-held device  300  audibly instructs the user to “find the striped post.” 
     As shown in  FIG. 18   a , the hand-held device  300  can further be used to entertain guests of the amusement park while they are on an attraction. For example, substrates  155  may be found on rides in which there is not too much movement. In  FIG. 18   a , the attraction is a Ferris Wheel, and the substrate  155  is in the form of an adhesive sticker  7056  which is placed in front of the riders. The rider would touch their hand-held device  300  to the adhesive sticker  7056  and be provided some form of entertainment through the audio speaker  340 . For example, the rider may hear about the history of Ferris Wheels or a song may play. It is to be understood that the type of entertainment provided can be varied depending on the ride and the interests of the riders. 
     The theme park can also choose to send the hand-held device  300  to theme park guests prior to their arrival. This would generally be sent to theme park guests who make reservations to stay at a resort on the park premises (not shown); however, other guests may also receive hand-held devices. The non-volatile memory (not shown)  320  of the hand-held device  300  may be uploaded with information about the amusement park, the specific location the guests are staying, the weather for the time of year of their reservation, any special event, any promotional deals, and any other relevant information which may be considered important for the visitors. The hand-held device  300  may even be updated to include specific greetings for the specific individuals. This can be used to get specific individuals excited about the upcoming trip. For example, if a family is traveling to the park with young children, the theme park may send a hand-held device  300  to the family with specialized greetings for the individual children. Once the hand-held device  300  is on the theme park premises, the non-volatile memory  320  in device  300  may be updated either wirelessly or by wired connection. 
     It should be understood that the theme park/museum application is not limited to the examples described herein, and can be used in any similar types of settings, for instance, a zoo, an aquarium, or a carnival. 
     Financial/Legal Applications 
     As shown in the embodiment in  FIG. 19 , the substrate  155  may comprise a pre-printed fillable sheet  8060 , which has one or more printed codes not visible to the human eye associated with a respective one or more printed regions on the fillable sheet  8000 . The fillable sheet could be a document that may be normally difficult to fill out, and a person filling it may need assistance in completing it. For example, the fillable sheet could comprise a tax form, a loan form, and other similar forms. In this particular embodiment of the fillable sheet  8000 , the printed regions  8001 ,  8002 ,  8003 , and  8004 , among others not numbered, are actually bounded by visibly printed lines and/or color distinctions. Within each printed region or colored region a single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of the select region. 
     In many cases, the printed codes used on the fillable sheet  8000  would be set codes; however, there may be instances in which the printed code would be unique for the user of the fillable sheet  8000  or for the manufacturer of the fillable sheet  8000 . For example, fillable regions such as “date”, “name” and “signature” could be set codes; however, specific information for the specific fillable sheet would be unique code which could be inserted by the group that prints the fillable sheet  8000 . Moreover, the fillable sheet  8000  may contain fillable portions without regions with printed code. For example, a manufacturer of the fillable sheet  8000  may choose to have only printed regions containing printed codes in those fillable portions that generally require additional explanation or information. 
     The unique printed codes may be printed on the substrate  155  at the same time that any visible information is printed on the finable sheet  8000 . Some of the printed codes may be pre-printed on the substrate  155 , particularly in the example where the information is not variable such as name  8001 . It should also be understood that some of the visible printing may also be pre-printed such as the lines that divide some of the coded regions, the information symbols  8016  and  8017  and the change language icon  8060 . 
     The interaction between the fillable sheet  8000  and the hand-held device  300  follows similar to as would be expected by those of ordinary skill in the art having now read the present disclosure. For instance, touching the hand-held device  300  to printed region  8001  would result “insert name” being audibly read by the hand-held device  300  through its audio speaker  340 . Similarly, the hand-held device  300  would audibly read other information depending on which area the user touches. Moreover, the user could touch the hand-held device  300  to the information symbols  8016  and  8017  to hear more information regarding the specific entry line. For example, in  FIG. 19 , touching the information symbol  8016  next to “loan type” would provide the user with more specific details about the meaning and differences among the listed “loan types”. 
     Marketing Applications 
     As shown in the embodiment in  FIG. 20 , the substrate  155  may comprise a marketing document  9000 , which has one or more printed codes not visible to the human eye associated with a respective one or more printed regions on the marketing document  9000 . When the marketing document  9000  is created, it would include the invisible printed code in any region where the company would like the option to provide additional information about a product. For example depicted in  FIG. 20 ,  9001 ,  9002 ,  9003 ,  9004 , and  9005  are printed regions containing printed code for the corresponding printed regions. Alternatively, the company could use information symbols containing regions of printed code. As shown in  FIG. 20 ,  9006  is an information symbol. The company may also choose to use both invisible code and the information symbols. This option would allow the user to obtain overall information regarding a topic as well as more detailed information if the information symbol was touched. 
     The interaction between the marketing document  9000  and the hand-held device  300  follows similar to as would be expected by one of ordinary skill in the art having now read the present disclosure. As indicated in the applications described above, touching the hand-held device  300  to an information symbol would result in the audible reading of additional information regarding the product which the hand-held device user wants more information. Similarly, the hand-held device  300  would read aloud other information depending on which area the user touches. Additionally, after touching the information symbol, the user may be instructed to touch another area for further information in a specific topic. For example, in  FIG. 20 , the user of the hand-held device  300  may touch the information symbol  9006  with the hand-held device  300  which will then provide information regarding “email capabilities” and be directed to push the information symbol associated with “office services.” A product of this nature would allow a company to eliminate a large amount of marketing material because more information could be obtained from one document. 
     It should be understood that the marketing document  9000  could contain other types of visibly printed shapes, colors, and lines depending on the usage of the marketing document  9000 . Additionally, the marketing document  9000  could include additional printed regions as is indicated in  FIG. 20 , but not given reference numbers to avoid obscuring the figure. As indicated in previous discussions of other above-mentioned applications, these “regions” containing the printed code are not actually visible to the naked eye in operation. 
     It should also be understood that some of the visible printing on marketing document  9000  may also be included such as a change language icon which could be a pre-printed symbol. 
     Military/Training Applications 
     As shown in  FIG. 21 , in another embodiment of the invention the substrate  155  can be a label  9050  which is placed on various types of equipment. It is also contemplated that printed code may be printed directly on components, but we will discuss the label embodiment with the understanding that direct printing could be used instead or in addition to the label  9050 . As discussed above, the label may be in the form of an adhesive sticker, which may have varying layers as described in  FIG. 2 . The label  9050  must be made of a material which will stand up to aggressive wear and tear; however, the label  9050  may be replaceable so that when it is worn, it may be replaced by an identical label. On the label  9050  is printed code which is not visible to the human eye and which is associated with a respective one or more printed regions. A single printed code would be repeatedly printed so as to cover the entirety of the select region. 
     The label  9050  would contain, for example, instructional printed code so that when a hand-held device  300  reads the printed code via the audio speaker  340  it will audibly instruct the user how to use the equipment. Therefore, each label  9050  which has printed code is specific to a specific piece of equipment. Moreover, if there are various parts of the specific pieces of equipment the labels must be specific to the specific pieces. This type of label would prove to be very helpful in areas where individuals are required to use many different pieces of highly technical equipment. If a user is unsure how to use a piece of equipment he could easily obtain instructions without being required to read a manual or inadvertently use the equipment incorrectly. 
     As shown in  FIG. 21 , the user of the equipment may also receive additional information about the weapon through the use of the instruction manual  9054  which also contains printed codes. When touching the hand-held  300  on the substrate on the weapon, it may instruct the user to touch a specific region in the instruction manual  9054  which contains the printed code relating to the specific part of the weapon. For example, after touching the adhesive stickers  9050 , the hand-held device may audibly instruct the user to touch the diagram in the instruction manual at region “A” or touch the text within the instruction manual at region “A”. Upon touching the hand-held device  300  to “A” the user would receive additional information about the specific weapon part. The user would receive similar instructions if he held the hand-held device to adhesive sticker  9053 . 
     Also, as shown in  FIG. 21  the hand-held device may have a biometric sensor  355 , as was discussed above with respect to  FIG. 5 . The biometric sensor  355  may be a fingerprint reader, or biometric analysis such as a voice-analyzer or handwriting analyzer. One or more of these biometric sensors  355  may be used alone or in combination with each other and/or a password to provide some level of security for the system. For example, if a fingerprint reader is used, as shown in  FIG. 21 , once the user touches the hand-held device  300  and is authenticated as having permission to use the weapon, then the hand-held device  300  will work. The user can then request a passcode by touching label  9051  on the weapon with the hand-held device  300 . Without the passcode the weapon will remain disabled. To enable the weapon the hand-held device will audibly provide a passcode to the weapon user after the user touches label  9051  with the hand-held device  300 . The user can then enter the code into keypad  9052  on the weapon. Once the passcode is verified as being correct, the weapon will be enabled. The passcode will reset in a few seconds so that if the user does not enter the passcode immediately. If passcode resets, the user will again have to authenticate he has permission to use the hand-held device  300  by touching the biometric sensor, then he will be required to get a passcode to use the weapon, again by touching the hand-held device to label  9051 . This double layer of security may be desirable in the use of some weapons. 
     It is to be understood that the above example is only one embodiment of the military/training application. This application, for example, may be applied to military vehicles, aircraft systems, marine systems, and large equipment or systems, as well as to other hand-held equipment or systems. 
     Music and Entertainment Applications 
     In another embodiment of the invention the substrate  155  may be a piece of sheet music  9075 , which has one or more printed codes not visible to the human eye associated with a respective one or more printed regions on the sheet music  9075 . As shown in  FIG. 22 , the sheet music may have a information symbol  9080  which contains printed code and when touched by the hand-held device  300  information regarding the composition, the composer, the music time period, and various other types of information will be audibly read through the audio speaker  340 . The sheet music  9075  may be any type of score, including a full orchestra score. Each bar of the music sheet may contain printed code in a printed region surrounding the specific bar that codes specifically for the music within that bar. For example, in  FIG. 22 , bar  9085  contains invisible printed code which codes for the music in that bar. 
     It should be understood that the music sheet  9075  illustrated in  FIG. 22  contains a printed regions around each bar as is indicated in bar  9085 , but not given reference numbers or lines indicating printed regions to avoid obscuring the figure. As indicated in previous discussions of other above-mentioned applications, these “regions” containing the printed code are not actually visible to the naked eye in operation. 
     The sheet music  9075  may also enable the user to choose the option to hear only the rhythm, a specific voice, range (i.e. soprano), a specific instrumental portion (e.g., violin or cello), the chorus and many options. For example, the sheet music may be from the song “A Wonderful Guy” from South Pacific, and the user could have the option of only hearing Nellie&#39;s voice, even when she is singing with the chorus. And vice versa, the user may select an option to play all instruments except Nellie&#39;s voice so the user can practice singing Nellie&#39;s part with the instruments. 
     Specifically, as another example, by touching the hand-held device  300  to a specific symbol, for example, “rhythm”  9090  on the music sheet, the user of the hand-held device  300  can then touch each bar of the sheet music and hear only the rhythm for each bar the user touches. The hand-held device  300  is prompted to only read the rhythm after the hand-held device  300  is touched to the “rhythm”  9090  printed region. Therefore, when the hand-held device  300  touches a bar the hand-held device  300  only reads the printed code specific for “rhythm” and audibly reads only the rhythm via the audio speaker  340 . Subsequently, the user can then touch another specific symbol, for example “woodwinds”  9095  on the sheet music, and the user of the hand-held device  300  can touch the bar and hear only the woodwinds in the entire musical composition or if so selected and enabled, bar-by-bar, rift-by-rift or movement-by-movement. 
     Moreover, the sheet-music will also have other options, for example, as shown in  FIG. 22 , the user may touch the printed region of the Spanish language box  9098  and any audible words associated the sheet music (e.g. lyrics and an explanation of the song and composer) will be heard in Spanish. The sheet music can include various language options. This embodiment would be ideal for students learning songs in other languages. For example, high school or college students who perform a song in a foreign language must learn the language prior to performing the song, and the language is normally taught by the music teacher. The present sheet music application will allow a student to learn the song on his own. 
     As shown in  FIG. 22 , the sheet music may also have a metronome symbol  9094  which will keep time/beat for the person using the sheet music. When touched, the device  300  would audibly emit a beat like a physical metronome. The metronome would preferably change tempo when the user touches the hand-held device to the arrows of the metronome. For example, touching the printed region around arrow will cause the metronome to decrease its beat. 
     Further, as shown in  FIG. 22 , the sheet music may also have a box  9082  for “education.” Upon touching the education box  9082  with the hand-held device  300 , the user can then touch the hand-held device to notes, bars of music, rest symbols, and anything other object on the sheet music and the user will audibly hear information regarding whatever was touched. For example, if a user touched a rest symbol, information regarding the meaning of the rest symbol would be audibly read to the user. 
     As shown in  FIG. 23 , the substrate may also be a musical script with lyrics  9102 . The musical script with lyrics  9102  would include everything a normal musical script would include such as each song and each of the actor&#39;s lines. The script with lyrics  9102  would include printed codes which are not visible to the human eye. The script with lyrics  9102  is read with the hand-held device  300  so, for example, a user touching a segment of the script would hear the physically associated dialog. 
     As shown in  FIG. 23   a , the musical script with lyrics  9102  may include a cover  9100  which includes similar commands to that on the sheet music  9075 . The cover  9100  may have printed code regions such as  9093  which is “standard instrumental” to cause the device to play only the instrumental music associated with a piece of music when selected,  9097  which is “Nellie” to help the character Nellie memorize lines, and  9098  which is the change language icon “Spanish”. Each of these printed regions contains a unique printed code. Also, the cover  9100  may also contain other visible printed regions and other printed code regions which are not indicated in  FIG. 23   a  to avoid obscuring the figure. 
     So in this manner, the device and system help in the memorization of the musical script (and even just a dramatic script). By touching “Nellie”  9097  with the hand-held device  300 , the hand-held device will only read the lines of characters other than Nellie. Therefore, a person could memorize lines without the help of another individual. Once “Nellie” has completed her line she may touch the hand-held device to one of the line cards  9105  which may be portable discreet cards that may be stored in the inside cover  9100  in the insert  9104  when not in use. The line cards  9105  have two sides with specific printed code on each side. One side of the line card  9105  has the code for “next line” which directs the hand-held device  300  to audibly read the next character line which is not Nellie&#39;s line. The opposite of the line card  9105  has the codes for “forgot my line” which prompts the hand-held device  300  to audibly hint “Nellie” as to her forgotten line. With the portable card, “Nellie” can walk through the staging of the play while reciting her lines and being prompted by the device as to the other actors&#39; lines (and even her own lines). 
     As is shown in  FIG. 23   a , the inside cover  9100  also include a packet  9099  containing memory  9103  to insert in the hand-held device  300 . The memory  9103  will be specific for the specific musical script with lyrics. Alternatively, the cover  9100  may include a packet containing a CD-ROM which contains the downloadable versions of the script and lyrics. 
     As shown in  FIG. 23   a , the cover  9100  may also include alternative detachable line cards  9101 . The alternative line cards  9101  are preferably used if the line cards  9105  stored within the cover  9100  are lost. Like the line cards  9105 , the line cards  9101  have two sides, each which has “next line” and “forgot my line” codes. 
     Ticket Applications 
     In another embodiment of the present invention, the substrate  155  comprises an entertainment ticket  10000 . The ticket  10000  contains printed regions of printed code. The printed code may be printed on the tickets when the tickets are printed, or the printed code may be added to tickets at a later time. The printed code is associated with visible printed areas on the ticket. As shown in  FIG. 24 , for example, the ticket may have a printed area  10005  instructing the user to touch the hand-held device  300  to the region which contains printed code which when touched by the hand-held device  300  will provide a snippet of a song from the artist for which the ticket has been purchased. 
     Furthermore, by touching another area of the ticket containing printed code with the hand-held device  300 , the ticket holder may be instructed to obtain other information on a website regarding the venue, the concert, the back stage pass option, or any other information which may be deemed relevant. For example, in  FIG. 24 , the printed code at “information”  10006  is detected by the hand-held device  300  and the hand-held device audibly instructs the user to access a website for additional information. 
     The hand-held device  300  may be provided with the ticket, or it may be provided to a specific group of ticket holders. For example, particular fans in fan clubs may receive the hand-held devices  300  with the fan club membership. 
     It should be understood that the concert ticket is only one example of an embodiment of the ticket application. The ticket application may be used for other purposes in any industry which provides ticketing options. 
     Dynamic Desktop Printing 
     In addition to the selected printed code and the hand-held device  300 , the system may further include a printer driver  11000  capable of dynamically printing selected printed codes  50  simultaneously and in association with the printing of a visible text. The printer driver  11000  generates the selected printed code associated with the visible text dynamically and controls the external printer  11010  to physically associate the selected code with the visible text. 
     As shown in  FIG. 25 , the computer software applications  11020  pass printable images to the underlying operating system (Windows, Mac, Linux) as a RGB raster  11030 , which is the color space used internally by computers. Then, the RGB image is “mapped” to its CMYK equivalent  11040  for four-color deposition by the printer on paper. The control of the color separation in the CMYK color space will requires customized printer “driver” software. Generally, at this point, normal printing occurs; however, when the image contains regions of code, further steps must occur before printing. Images containing regions of code are further processed by a step which removes the process black from all the portions of the image that are not printed code. The black channel in the background image is removed and substituted with a CMY blend  11050  at the printer driver level  11000 . Then, the printed code index image is merged in pure black K channel at the pixel level  11060 . After the merger, printing is able to occur and the printed document will contain the printed code. It is contemplated that at this point the CMYK encoded version of the file may be saved for future use. 
     It should be understood that performing the black substitution at the driver level ( 11000 ) is believed to offer the best point in the process to minimize color distortion of the original image because the driver can be modified by the printer manufacturer to optimize a CMY blend that takes advantage of the manufacturer&#39;s specific printer inks and color science. However, it is possible to perform the black substitution in software other than the original printer driver with the understanding that this could increase the potential for color distortion. Whether it is incorporated in the original manufacturer&#39;s printer driver or deployed in other software, the CMY Black substitution process  11050  may run on a server, such as a web server accessible by a plurality of client computers via a network, such as a LAN, a WAN or a public network (e.g. the Internet). In this sense the mapping processes may be thought of as service components that may execute together on one computer with the pre-existing software resulting in an enabled digital image transmitted to one or more other computers on physical storage media or over a network for printing or other uses. 
     It is contemplated that the CMY blend for black ink substitution may be used throughout a document without regard to whether any particular area of the document has a printed code  50 . Alternatively, to minimize color ink usage, the CMY Black Substitution process  11050  may be programmed to skip black substitution in regions not containing (or even substantially adjacent) regions of the document that include printed codes  50 . 
     This dynamic printing process is believed to work on a wide range of low to mid-range printers using either inkjet and laser jet technologies from multiple printer manufacturers, e.g., Canon, Epson, HP, Kodak, and Lexmark. It being understood that the sensitivity of the optical reader  310  (see  FIG. 4 ) used in the system presents a practical limitation on the minimum printer resolution (measured in dots per inch (“dpi”)) that will work successfully. Subject to this minimum printer resolution requirement, the process of dynamically printing visible text and invisible printed codes  50  may be used in conjunction with any digital printer. 
     As shown in  FIG. 25A , the index mapping tool  11070  has essentially two components: geometry mapping tool  11071  and behavior assignment tool  11075 . The geometry mapping tool  11071  creates associations between dynamically selected printed code  50  and a selected region of an image or surface (e.g. any arbitrary enclosing polygon of raster points). The behavior assignment tool  11075  creates associations between each unique printed code  50  that was dynamically selected by the geometry mapping tool  11071  and one or more application specific behaviors that an end-user desires to occur when the printed code  50  is recognized by the device  300  in the dynamically printed document. As such, these two associations taken together permit a sensing appliance capable of detecting the printed code  50  on a surface, such as the hand-held device  300 , having appropriate general purpose computing, multi-media and communications capabilities to respond to a printed code  50  recognition event as desired by an end-user. 
     The geometry mapping tool  11071  and behavior assignment tool  11075  may comprise one or more software applications, tools or components. The geometry mapping and behavior assignment functions may exist as executable functions, subroutines, dynamic link libraries, code packages, or other common forms of software encapsulation and deployment within applications. Such software components may be integrated into pre-existing programs (such as Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, Adobe Acrobat Writer, photo software (e.g. Adobe PhotoShop), graphics project software (e.g. scrap booking, greeting cards, etc)) or operate independently. In either configuration the geometry mapping tool  11071  would preferably receive files in the form of an image from the pre-existing code using common methods of inter-process communication (e.g. “dynamic data exchange” (“DDE”), “pipes” or “sockets”) or through common file methods of persistence and transfer and then create a multi-media enabled document containing printed codes  50  which may be printed using a printer, as discussed in relation to  FIG. 25  above. 
     In general, the geometry mapping tool  11071  creates associations between dynamically selected printed code  50  and a selected region of an image or surface (e.g. any arbitrary enclosing polygon of raster points). More particularly, the geometry mapping tool  11071  allows an end user to visualize a pre-existing image, graphically circumscribe regions on that pre-existing image, which, in turn, associates a unique code with the circumscribed region, such that when the pre-existing image is printed, the printed code  50  reflecting the unique code is printed in accord with the graphical circumscription. Each graphical circumscription may be described in a convenient data structure intended for use by other software applications or components to fill the region with printed code  50  during the digital printing step. Various methods of drawing shapes on graphical user interfaces are known. One such method is clicking and dragging an indicator (such as a cursor) across the pre-existing image and then when the pointing device is released a representation of a shape remains where the indicator was dragged and the interior of the shape is logically associated with an identification code unique to that image or group of images. The geometry mapping tool  11071  may also have the functionality to allow an end user program two or more regions to the same identification code, such that multiple regions of a document can have the same behavior when recognized by the device  300 . 
     Moreover, a website option may be used to map printed code  50  and associate actions on documents such as photos, greeting cards, and other types of medium, which home users might find useful to contain audible messages. 
     The behavior assignment tool  11075  creates associations between each unique printed code  50  that was dynamically selected by the geometric mapping tool  11071  and one or more application specific behaviors that an end-user desires to occur when the printed code  50  is recognized by the device  300  in the dynamically printed document. Thus, the behavior assignment tool  11075  heeds to equate one or more behaviors desired by an end user with a geographical region in an image or series of images. One way of creating that association is by leveraging the graphical user interface and known menuing techniques. For example, the end use could click a user input device when a pointer is located anywhere within a selected geometric shape created with the geometric mapping tool  11071 , resulting in the appearance of a pull-down menu, dialog box or other input mechanism associated to the geometric shape. Those graphical user input devices allow the end user to select one of many potential behaviors that an end user could wish to associate with a document. One such behavior would be the association of audio or other multi-media content with the designated region of the image. Association of audio or other multi-media content could allow for the selection of a previously recorded multi-media or audio file, the live-recording of audio or multi-media content, or the selection of canned multi-media or audio files (such as sound-effects). Another behavior that could be associated with a document could be an application, for instance, an IQ test, data collection (e.g. recording that the end user decoded the particular area of the document), a game, launching an application on a computer in proximity to the device, just to name a few potential applications. Multiple behaviors can be associated with a code such that each of the behaviors occurs following recognition of the printed code  50  by an appliance, such as a hand-held device  300  to render in real time a specific behavior or behaviors in response to the recognition of the corresponding printed code on an image or document. The multiple behaviors disclosed herein are not intended to be all-inclusive. 
     Once behaviors are associated with various printed codes that have been mapped to a user-created document, the printed code behavior association data must be downloaded to any appliance which is intended for use with the user-created document. As noted in the disclosure above, the association data may be loaded onto the device by removing removable non-volatile memory  320  from device  300  and operably associating that memory  320  with the behavior assignment tool  11075 . Alternatively, data from the behavior assignment tool  11075  can be downloaded to memory within the device  300  via the update circuitry  370  using an external connection  380 , which may be wireless or wired as discussed above. It is also contemplated that a session file that includes the pre-existing image, geometric code map, the behavior-code association map, and the behaviors referenced by the behavior-code association map (including any uniquely created multi-media (e.g. audio) files) could be created by the index mapping tool and transmitted to third-parties for use. The session file could also contain CMY black substitution data or potentially just the original CMYK bitmap rendered by the print driver  11040  (see.  FIG. 25 ). When the session file is received by a third party, it would be operatively unbundled by code running either on a server or at the client device. The unbundling would allow the association data and behaviors to be loaded into the memory of the device  300 . 
     In  FIG. 26 , and with respect to the foregoing discussion, the following example using a Microsoft Office product is provided to further illustrate the functionality of the geometric mapping tool  11071  and the behavior assignment tool  11075 . As shown in  FIG. 26 , a user first types a letter  12000  using Microsoft Word, a pre-existing application on a computer  12010 . In this example, the user types the letter to a friend who presently has difficulty seeing, and will later physically send the printed letter and a new hand-held device  300  containing data relating to printed codes  50  to the friend. It should be understood that Microsoft Word is only an example, and the map index application can be utilized with various pre-existing computer software (as discussed above). Specifically, the map index application can be used with any application which prints any documents, because the finished document is intercepted within the printer driver. 
     As shown in  FIG. 27 , after typing a letter (in the same manner as would have previously been done), the user circumscribes various areas  13010  on the page using the geometric mapping tool  11071  resulting in the encoding of the interior of the geometric shape  13010  with a unique printed code  50 . Area  13010  merely illustrates this aspect of the invention; it should be understood that the user may divide the page in any manner desired: per region, per paragraph, per sentence, per word, or any other possible geometric division. Preferably each space of the Microsoft Word document would be assigned to a geometric shape and coded. In this manner, each part of the Microsoft Word document is prepared to be physically associated with a printed code  50  once the document is printed using the system disclosed in  FIG. 25 . It should also be understood that the geometric mapping tool  11071  may have functionality that precludes an end-user from assigning the same area of an image more than one unique code. In other words, if a user attempted to overlap shapes in a single document page, the geometric mapping tool would preclude the conflicting assignment by alerting the end user to conflict and providing one or more options for resolution. 
     Although  FIG. 27  depicts each geometrically mapped shape as being shaded, this is just for illustrative purposes it being understood that the mapping tool component  11071  may allow the user to use different colors, different shapes, different shading, or any other difference to distinguish on the computer screen between regions having different unique printed codes. 
     As shown in  FIG. 28 , after dividing the letter according to the user&#39;s preferences using the mapping tool component  11071 , the user, then invokes the behavior assignment tool  11075 . For example, the behavior assignment tool  11075  may be illustratively invoked by right-clicking a computer mouse within each circumscribed section, which launches a pull down menu including behaviors to be associated with the mapped section indicated by the mouse pointer at the time the right-click is pressed. In this example, the user selects add audio. In one embodiment selecting an add audio behavior launches a dialog box that allows the user, among other potential functions, to select a pre-recorded audio clip, create a personal audio clip, utilize a text to speech feature, or selecting other possible types of audio files. Moreover, it should be understood that the audio clip may be recorded via a computer microphone or via the microphone  340  in the hand-held device  300  as shown in  FIG. 1 . It should be further understood that the pre-recorded audio clips may be provided by software associated with the index mapping tools which contain libraries of clip art, or the pre-recorded audio clips may be uploaded via a website. 
     As shown in  FIG. 29 , after the user has completed using the mapping component  13010  and the application behavior component  14010 , the user can then print the Microsoft Word document  15010  containing the sections of printed code  50  with the corresponding associated action. The printing aspect has been discussed above, in relation to  FIG. 25 . The user would also download the behavior association file to the device  300  using one of the methods discussed above 
     As shown in  FIG. 30 , the interaction between the Microsoft Word Document  15010  and the hand-held device  300  follows similar to as would be expected by those of ordinary skill in the art having now read the present disclosure. For example, touching the hand-held device  300  to any of the printed regions of the Microsoft Word Document  15010  would result in the particular action associated with the printed region occurring. For example, if it is written text and the action associated with the printed code  50  is to read audibly, the text is audibly read by the hand-held device  300  through its audio speaker  340 . Similarly, the hand-held device  300  would audibly read other information depending on which area the user touches. For example, if the region contains an associated media file, the hand-held device  300  may play a song. 
     It should also be understood that the index mapping tool  11070  and hand-held device  300  can be used for applications other than reading text from letters, or anything else discussed herein. As an illustrative example, the hand-held device  300  could be used to read an television instruction manual which contains printed code  50  which is associated with an audio file. Upon putting the hand-held device  300  in the area of the printed code, the audio file would announce that this particular instruction relates to the “power button.” Then the hand-held device  300  would be instructed to send a signal wirelessly to turn on the television. 
     It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the use of a hand-held device  300 . Other appliances are capable of recognizing values on an image or document and responding in application specific ways may take many forms. Generally, such appliances include the following features: one or more sensing devices capable of sensing and decoding an index image into an index value and providing that value in digital form to other components of the platform; one or more general purpose computing devices with supporting memory and data storage devices, in which the data storage may be fixed or removable, local or remote using appropriate data transfer mechanisms; an internal power source and/or power connection(s); wired and/or wireless digital communication capabilities, including but not limited to USB, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and digital cellular (Edge, 2G, 3G, etc.); audio capturing and rendering capabilities including a speaker and/or headset connection(s) and/or microphone(s); additional application specific features, such as a mechanical pen or pencil, light emitting diode, etc; and an appropriate case or form factor suitable for the intended use and environment. This list of application features is not meant to be inclusive. 
     It is to be understood that several examples of form factors are available. For example, as described herein, one form factor is the use of a stylus, hand-held device  300  or “pen”, which may include a single index sensing element at one end (the “pen top”), electronic components within its body, and external connectors for power, data, audio, etc. located at convenient locations on its body&#39;s surface. Another example of a form factor is a grid which may include an arbitrary array of multiple sensing devices capable of recognizing multiple index images in a single recognition event. The sensing elements may be connected to one or more computing devices within the overall form factor of the device. The multiple index values obtained in one such recognition event maybe combined in application specific ways to create a complex data payload representing one or more application values, properties or identities. Examples of devices using a grid form factor may include but are not limited to “badge, readers”; ID card readers, passport readers, and license readers. One or more regions of the surface of interest may be enabled with one or more index images. The sensing grid may be applied to a portion of or the entire surface in a single operation. The device may move the image(s) and/or the grid mechanically to facilitate more than one sequential multi-index recognition event as part of a single integrated operation. All available index values may be detected simultaneously or in multiple sequential operations. The resulting data may be analyzed, combined, or otherwise used in application specific ways, such as to identify the surface, verify its authenticity, and retrieve useful application specific data from the surface. The device may store some or all of the data retrieved or its derivatives on local and/or remote digital storage devices. The device also may use the data retrieved from the surface to communicate with other systems using any convenient digital method to further enhance or modify the response to the recognition event(s). The data itself or the results of the data being manipulated may be used by other elements of the device for display, audio, etc. The list of form factors or features of the particular form factors listed above is not intended to be inclusive. 
     Moreover, it is to be understood that there are particular variations of a grid. For example, a one dimensional moving array of sensors as may be applicable on a linear moving conveyance mechanism. Either the sensor array and/or the target images to be sensed may be moving in a particular embodiment. One or more images or documents may be sensed for index images in a single integrated operation, each in one or more locations on their surface. As another example, an array of sensors positioned in one or more lines or arcs as may be applicable for recognizing multiple index values on a circular or rotating surface. Either the sensor array and/or the target image(s) to be sensed may be stationary or rotating in a particular embodiment. One or more regions of the rotating surface may be sensed for index images in one or multiple recognition events in a single integrated operation, with or without rotation between events and each event encompassing one or more regions on the rotating surface. The particular variations of the grid provided above is not intended to be inclusive. 
     The foregoing description and drawing merely explain and illustrate the invention and the invention is not limited thereto. While the specification in this invention is described in relation to certain implementation or embodiments, many details are set forth for the purpose of illustration. Thus, the foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention. For example, the invention may have other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristic. The described arrangements are illustrative and not restrictive. To those skilled in the art, the invention is susceptible to additional implementations or embodiments and certain of these details described in this application may be varied considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and, thus, within its scope and spirit.