Patent Publication Number: US-2020290785-A1

Title: Child resistant and adult friendly container

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/818,249, filed on Mar. 14, 2019 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/844,942, filed on May 8, 2019, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to containers, and more specifically to child resistant and adult friendly containers. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In recent years, studies have begun to provide evidence that cannabis may be useful in treating many age-related diseases such as cognitive decline, arthritis and insomnia.  Cannabis  may be used as pre-rolled joints, or pre-rolls, which are often held in containers to prevent them from being damaged prior to use. It is important to maintain such pre-rolls safe from ingestion by children. 
     In many applications, reclosable containers are designed with child safety as a paramount consideration, given various incidents of adverse reaction to the consumption of marijuana involving children. An example is child-safe cannabis containers. 
     The most common solution for designing child-safe or child-resistant containers is a closure which has to be pushed down and turned simultaneously. The rationale is that young children have neither the strength nor the dexterity required for this operation. Safe use of such a packaging solution requires that the safety feature is restored to the same condition after re-closing the package. Practice shows however, that child-safe caps also present a challenge to elderly persons and people with reduced hand function. For them, child-resistant caps are hard to open, which causes the containers to be poorly reclosed, or even left open, which may be counterproductive and result in access to the contents of such containers by children. 
     The design of child resistant closures that are easy for elderly patients to operate is difficult because of the multitude of factors affecting the discrimination between children and adult physical and cognitive abilities. There are various factors to be considered in designing an effective child resistant, elderly friendly closure, and most of these factors may interact in non-linear, unpredictable ways. These factors can manifest from the differences in palm size, finger length, skin friction, time to frustration, perception of operable elements, and medical conditions. 
     For a “push and turn” mechanism, the factors that must be considered, for example, include the texture, shape, diameter and height of the gripping surfaces, as each can differentially affect the abilities of different users in operating the mechanism. In terms of interaction with the physical characteristics of the user, they affect the ability of the user to apply a sufficient axial (pushing) force, as well as the simultaneously required rotational (twisting) force. Additionally, the friction at the interface between the different components inherent in the mechanism can be described as static or dynamic in nature, and depends on the different materials used in the container collar, the cap and the internal bias member. This will affect the force required to initiate, and continue the downward movement of the cap, as well as initiating and continuing the rotation of the cap. Furthermore, the dampening of the pushing motion can obfuscate the position at which the cap will be released to turn. Different users may use different parts of their hands to operate the mechanism, so the gripping force of the hand has to be considered. Where the mechanism is designed for one-handed operation, the forces that the user can apply with only the thumb and forefinger must be considered. The multitude of other factors include, but are not limited to, fine motor skills, hand steadiness, eye-hand coordination, vision, cognitive ability of the user, and the cues presented by the mechanism as to how it may operate. 
     A typical mechanism that embodies the use of simultaneous axial and twisting forces on a cap is exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,059,198. 
     Such a mechanism comprises the container body itself that has a plurality of hook-like protuberances arranged around the outside circumference of its open end, a cap that has a set of complementary nubs arranged around its inner circumference, such that the nubs can engage the hooks upon insertion of the container into the cap such that the nubs initially clear the hooks, but engage the hooks when the cap is rotated relative to the container body in a bayonet fashion. The key to the operation of the mechanism is a bias member conventionally a dome like circular member inserted into the cap that applies an upward counterforce to attempts to press the cap onto the open end of the container. 
     In the current art, the child resistant bayonet capped container bodies are usually cylindrical in shape, though rectangular prism shapes are known as well. Whether the container is cylindrical or prism shaped, the caps are round. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A container body in accordance with one aspect of the invention described herein includes a casing having an interior surface defining an interior space. A holder is positioned at least partially inside the interior space and has an outer surface that is spaced at least partially from the interior surface of the casing. The holder defines a cavity that is configured to receive a pre-rolled smokeable product to inhibit contact of the pre-rolled smokeable product with objects external to the holder. A connecting member is configured to engage with a cap to seal the holder to inhibit fluid communication between the cavity of the holder and an ambient environment. 
     The container body may have a plurality of connecting members that are configured to engage a plurality of engaging members of the cap to connect the holder to the cap and to seal the holder. The connecting member may define a holding recess that is configured to receive one of the engaging members of the cap. The connecting member may have a circumferentially extending portion, a tooth, and an axially extending portion that define the holding recess. The tooth may have an axially extending side, a circumferentially extending side, and a ramped side. The connecting member may define an entry recess extending from a top end of the holder to the holding recess. The entry recess may be defined by the tooth of a first connecting member, an axially extending portion of a second connecting member, and a bottom circumferentially extending recess bounding portion of the first connecting member. 
     A resilient seal may be configured to seal the holder to inhibit fluid communication between the cavity of the holder and an ambient environment when the cap is engaged with the holder. The seal may be configured to provide a biasing force between the cap and the holder in a direction toward the cap from the holder to maintain an engaging member of the cap in a holding recess of the connecting member. The seal may be configured to allow a release of the engaging member of the cap from the holding recess in response to an axial force of 5 kgf by a user. The seal may be configured to allow the release of the cap from the holder in response to an application of a torque of between about 0.1 Nm to about 1 Nm by a user. 
     The container body described herein may be configured to be child-resistant. The container body may be configured to securely retain pre-rolled smokeable products, including cannabis products. The container body may be configured so that a cap may be coupled and decoupled from the container body without undue problems by adults, including elderly persons. 
     Another aspect of the invention described herein includes a method for use in transporting pre-rolled smokeable products with a container body as described above. The method includes locating a pre-rolled smokeable product in a cavity of the holder to inhibit contact of the pre-rolled smokeable product with objects external to the holder, and engaging a cap with the holder to inhibit fluid communication between the cavity of the holder and an ambient environment. 
     Additional aspects of the invention, together with the advantages and novel features appurtenant thereto, will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the invention will be readily understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a container body in accordance with the invention described herein showing a cap connected to the container body; 
         FIG. 2  is a side cross-sectional view of the container body and cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective side cross-sectional view of the container body and cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a portion of the container body of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a side cross-sectional view of the container body of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view taken through the line  6 - 6  of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective side cross-sectional view of a holder of the container body of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a portion of the holder shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a side cross-sectional view of a casing of the container body and the cap shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective cross-sectional view of the cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 11  is another perspective cross-sectional view of the cap of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a close-up view of an end portion of the holder shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a side view of a seal for use with the container body and cap shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a side cross-sectional view of the seal of  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the seal of  FIG. 13 ; and 
         FIG. 16  is a side cross-sectional view of the container body and cap shown in  FIG. 1  showing use of the seal shown in  FIG. 13 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     As depicted in  FIG. 1 , a container  10  for holding pre-rolled smokeable products (e.g. cannabis or tobacco), or pre-rolls, may include a container body  20  and a cap  30  releasably connectable to body  20 . Such connection may be sealable to inhibit an escape of vapor from an interior space  40  ( FIG. 2 ) of body  20 . 
     As depicted in cross-section in  FIG. 2 , interior space  40  may include a holder  50  which may be cylindrical and bound a cavity  60  for receiving materials, such as cannabis pre-rolls. Such container may protect the pre-rolls from damage during transport as the pre-rolls would be protected from contact with other objects while held in container  10 . For example, container  10  may be held in a pocket of a user while protecting pre-rolls held in cavity  60  of container  10  from contacting other objects in the pocket or being otherwise bent or damaged due to the container maintaining its structural shape. 
     As indicated, holder  50  may be cylindrical with such cylindrical shape inhibiting the pre-rolls held in cavity  60  from being caught or punctured by any edges or corners that could be present in a non-cylindrical container. Holder  50  may be located inside and connected to a casing  70  that functions as an outer shell of container  10 . A space  65  may be located around an outer surface  51  of holder  50  between holder  50  and casing  70  for a portion of a longitudinal dimension of container  10 , wherein the longitudinal dimension or axis of container  10  extends from a top end  73  of casing  70  to a bottom end  11 . Holder  50  may be connected (e.g., via welding, riveting or another connecting fastener) to casing  70  at a bottom connecting point  72  that may be located at a center of a circle of a cross-section of the cylindrical shape of holder  50  and at a center of a cross-section of casing  70 . As depicted, casing  70  may have a cross-sectional square shape or such casing may be formed of other shapes. 
       FIG. 6  depicts a cross-sectional end perspective view of  FIG. 2  transverse to longitudinal dimensions of holder  50  and casing  70  showing about a half of a cylindrical shape of holder  50  and about a half of a square shape of casing  70 . 
     Holder  50  may also include a plurality of spacing arms  52  ( FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 7   8 ) located longitudinally opposite connecting point  72  (relative to a longitudinal dimension of container  10 ) to maintain a remainder of holder  50  spaced interiorly relative to casing  70 . Such arms may maintain a top engaging portion  54  of holder  50  equally spaced relative to an interior surface  71  of casing  70  at a top end  73  of casing  70 . Such arms may be shaped to fit inside corners of casing  70  to maintain such spacing and inhibit movement of holder  50  relative to casing  70 . 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 4 and 12 , a top extending portion  56  of holder  50  may extend longitudinally past casing  70  relative to a longitudinal dimension of container  10 . Top extending portion  56  may include connecting members  80  configured (e.g., shaped and dimensioned) to connect holder  50  to cap  30 . Cap  30  may include engaging members  32  ( FIGS. 10 &amp; 11 ) configured (e.g., shaped and dimensioned) to engage connecting members  80  to connect cap  30  to holder  50  and casing  70 . 
     Connecting members  80  may be bayonet shaped, for example, as depicted in  FIGS. 4 and 12  while engaging members  32  ( FIGS. 10 &amp; 11 ) may project from an inner surface  33  of cap  30  and may be cube shaped except for ramped portions  35  at a top corner thereof. Connecting members  80  may project from adjacent recessed surfaces  82 . 
     Cap  30  may be located on extending portion  56  such that an interior  37  of cap  30  receives extending portion  56 . Cap  30  may be moved longitudinally toward bottom connecting point  72  such that engaging members  32  may be moved longitudinally via an entry recess  81  defined by recessed surfaces  82 . Cap  30  may be rotated clockwise via a circumferentially extending recess  91  defined by adjacent recessed surfaces  82  such that one of engaging members  32  may be located in a holding recess  83  bounded by a tooth  84  of one of connecting members  80 . The entry recess  81  extends from a top end  57  of the holder  50  to the circumferentially extending recess  91  and the holding recess  83 . The entry recess  81  is defined by the tooth  84 , an axially extending portion  87   a  of an adjacent connecting member, and a bottom circumferentially extending recess bounding portion  95 . Tooth  84  may extend longitudinally (i.e., axially relative to an axial dimension of holder  50 ) from a circumferentially extending portion  85  of one of connecting members  80 . Holding recess  83  may also be bounded by extending portion  85  and a triangularly shaped axially extending portion  87 . Holding recess  83  may be one of a plurality (e.g.,  4 ) of holding recesses around a circumference of extending portion  56 . 
     Cap  30  may include a seal  45  ( FIGS. 13-15 ) in interior  37  of cap  30  bounded by inner surface  33 . Seal  45  is omitted from  FIGS. 1-12  for ease of illustration and is depicted in  FIGS. 13-15 .  FIG. 16  depicts a cross-section of container  10  including seal  45 . Seal  45  may be formed of low density polyethylene (LDPE) for example and may be elastically deformable such that seal  45  may be compressed longitudinally (i.e., axially relative to holder  50 ) by a user relative to container  10  when the user presses on cap  30  in a longitudinal direction toward an opposite end  11  of container  10  toward bottom connecting point  72 . Seal  45  may be biased such that when such pressure is released seal  45  tends to return in a direction away from opposite end  11  of container  10  and away from bottom connecting point  72 . For example, seal  45  may include a circumferential bottom portion  49  that may contact a top end  57  ( FIG. 16 ) of extending portion  56  and may be resiliently compressed by an axial force (e.g. by a user pressing on cap  30 ) such that a bias force may be provided in the opposite direction (i.e., away from end  11 ). A bottom portion  47  of seal may be received within an inner radial surface of top end  57  to provide a seal thereby inhibiting fluid communication between interior  37  of cap  30  and cavity  60  of holder  50  relative to the ambient environment. 
     To connect cap  30  to top extending portion  56  of holder  50  to close container  10  (e.g., to protect pre-rolls in cavity  60 ), cap  30  may be pressed longitudinally (i.e., axially) by a user relative to container  10  to allow one of engaging members  32  to move axially past tooth  84  and in a circumferential direction as cap  30  is rotated. For example, a force of 5 kgf (kilogram-force) may be required in the longitudinal direction (relative to container  10 ) to overcome a resiliency of seal  45  to allow one of the engaging members  32  to move past tooth  84 . Pressure on cap  30  may be released such that seal  45  may expand in a direction away from the opposite end of container  10  and away from bottom connecting point  72  due to a resilient bias of seal  45  as described above. Thus, in response to the release of pressure and resiliency of seal  45 , cap  30  and engaging members  32  may move longitudinally (i.e., axially) relative to container  10  away from bottom connecting point  72  and one of such engaging members  32  may be received in holding recess  83  and such engaging member  32  may be blocked from being rotated counterclockwise by tooth  84  absent pressure being applied to cap  30 . Multiple such engaging members  32  may be received in multiple holding recesses  83  to inhibit movement of cap  30  in a counterclockwise direction. The release of the cap  30  and resilient bias of seal  45  may provide a force in the direction away from the opposite end  11  of container  10  to bias engaging members  32  within the holding recesses  83  and against bottom surfaces  89  of extending portion  85 . 
     To open container  10  (e.g., to allow access to cavity  60 ) when the engaging members  32  are received within the holding recesses  83 , pressure may be applied to cap  30  by a user longitudinally (i.e., axially) relative to container  10  toward bottom connecting point  72  compressing seal  45  such that engaging members  32  may extend longitudinally past connecting members  80  and cap  30  may be rotated counterclockwise until the engaging members  32  have moved circumferentially (e.g., in recess  91 ) past connecting members  80 . The pressure may then be released and the engaging members  32  may pass through a recess (e.g., entry recess  81 ) to allow cap  30  to be removed from top extending portion  56  of holder  50  and away from casing  70 . 
     In an example, a user may apply axial and rotational pressure to engage cap  30  with extending portion  56  by engaging engaging members  32  with the holding recesses (e.g., holding recess  83 ) using one hand. In another example, a user may apply axial and rotational pressure to disengage cap  30  from extending portion  56  by disengaging engaging members  32  from the holding recesses (e.g., holding recess  83 ) using one hand. 
     In addition, seal  45  may be vapor proof when cap  30  is engaged with extending portion  56 . Specifically, a resiliency force of seal  45  biasing cap  30  away from extending portion  56  may hold engaging members  32  within the holding recesses  83 . The bias force holding engaging members  32  within the holding recesses may be balanced with the force required to move cap longitudinally to disengage engaging members  32  to allow an opening of container  10 , including the frictional characteristics (e.g., static and dynamic friction) of the cap  30  and extending portion  56  that opposes the rotational motion, such that a required axial force and rotational friction does not make the twisting motion too difficult for elderly persons. 
     In an example, connecting members  80  may include ramped portions  86  and engaging members  32  may move along the ramped portions during clockwise rotation of cap  30  to facilitate entry of one such engaging members (e.g., through recess  81  and recess  91 ) into holding recess  83  and other such engaging members into similar or identical such holding recesses. Ramped portions  86  may be aligned at about a 45 degree angle relative to a longitudinal axis of container  10 . Ramped portions  35  of engaging members  32  may similarly facilitate movement of the engaging members in a counterclockwise direction along connecting members  80  after cap  30  has been pressed toward bottom connecting point  72 . Ramped portions  35  may be aligned at about a 45 degree angle relative to a longitudinal axis of container  10 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 12 , the tooth  84  may include ramped side  86 , a circumferentially extending side  92 , and an axially extending side  93 . The axially extending side  93  connects to the bottom surface  89  of extending portion  85 . Each of the ramped side  86 , the circumferentially extending side  92 , and the axially extending side  93  may be a curved surface transitioning to a top surface  94  of the tooth  84 . 
     As depicted in the figures, cap  30  and casing  70  may have similar or identical outside cross-sectional sizes and shapes. As depicted casing  70  and cap  30  may have identical or similar outside cross-sectional square shapes. In other examples, casing  70  and cap  30  could have identical or similar outside rectangular, circular or oval shapes. In further examples, casing  70  and cap  30  could have identical or similar outside cross-sectional shapes of other polynomials. 
     The described similar or identical outside cross-sectional sizes and shapes of cap  30  and casing  70  allow a user to easily ascertain if a closure mechanism of container  10  is properly engaged. More specifically, the similar or identical cross-sectional sizes and shapes make it easier for a user to identify the alignment of surfaces of cap  30  and casing  70  (e.g., by touch or sight) when the cap  30  and extending portion  56  are engaged such that engaging members  32  are received in the holding recesses  83 . In contrast, if the shapes of the cap and casing differed, e.g., if either the cap is round and the body square, or the cap is square and the body is round, it would be more difficult to ascertain if such a closure mechanism is properly engaged (i.e., engaging members  32  are received in the holding recesses). Further, differences between a child&#39;s manual dexterity and cognitive abilities versus that of an elderly adult may allow an adult to easily open container  10  when the closure mechanism is properly engaged (i.e., engaging members  32  are received in the holding recesses) while being difficult if not impossible for children to operate. 
     Importantly, an ultimate movement required to rotate the cap (e.g., cap  30 ) after applying axial pressure is the torque required to rotate the cap (e.g., clockwise to locate engaging members  32  in the holding recesses) which is a function of the friction of the rotating cap relative to holder  50 , as well as its diameter. It would be understood by one skilled in the art that it would be more difficult to apply a given torque to a cap with a small diameter (or dimension) as opposed to a cap with a large diameter (or dimension). For example, there would be less surface area to apply a force to, and less leverage available for such force, with a smaller cap. It would also be understood by one skilled in the art that when a diameter of a container body (e.g., casing  70 ) is wider than a diameter of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ), a cognitive signal is presented that a twisting motion may undo the cap, in analogy with the common non-child resistant containers such as soda bottles and mayonnaise jars. 
     One of the characteristic differences between adults and children is hand size, and thus a thickness (if square) or diameter (if round) of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ), and a casing (e.g., casing  70 ) are critical to differentiating child and adult ease of opening. Further, a diameter or thickness of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ), and a casing (e.g., casing  70 ) may be manipulated to differentiate child and adult ease of opening since the absolute dimensions are critical to the ease of gripping such a casing and cap, and applying an axial force and simultaneously applying a torque force. 
     As described above, when cap  30  is engaged with extending portion  56 , engaging members  32  may be received in holding recesses  83 . In one example, after an axial force is applied to move the engaging members  32  axially or longitudinally closer to the opposite end  11  than tooth  84  (or a similar tooth or structure) a rotation of 45 degrees may be required to disengage the mechanism, i.e., to move the tooth circumferentially such that one or more of engaging members  32  may move axially or longitudinally in a direction toward a top end  57  of holder  50  due to a resilient force of seal  45  or a force applied by a user. The amount of rotation required would be dependent on a number, a size and a placement of connecting members  80 . In another example, a rotation of 135 degrees may be required to disengage such a mechanism. In a further example, a rotation of 225 degrees may be required to disengage the mechanism. In yet another example, a rotation of 315 degrees may be required to disengage the mechanism. In yet a further example, any rotation other than 0 to 5 degrees or 355 to 360 degrees (i.e., a rotation between 5 to 355 degrees) may be required to engage or disengage the mechanism if the cross section of the body and cap is oval. In one aspect, any rotation other than 360/n degrees may be required to engage or disengage the mechanism if the cross section of the body and cap is an n sided polygon. 
     As suggested above, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may be aligned when a closing mechanism of a container (e.g., container  10 ) is in an engaged and locked state (e.g., when engaging members  32  may be received in holding recesses  83  of extending portion  56 ). In another example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may not be aligned when the closing mechanism is in the disengaged and unlocked state. 
     As indicated above, in an example, it may be visually apparent (e.g., cross-sections of a cap and a body or casing may be aligned) when a closing mechanism of a container (e.g., container  10 ) is in an engaged and locked state. In another example, it may be visually apparent when the mechanism is in the disengaged and unlocked state. 
     As indicated above, in an example, it may be tactilely apparent (e.g., cross-sections of a cap and a body or casing may be aligned) when a closing mechanism of a container (e.g., container  10 ) is in an engaged and locked state. In another example, it may be tactilely apparent when the mechanism is in the disengaged and unlocked state. 
     In an example, a thickest side (if square or rectangular in cross-section) or diameter (if round in cross-section) of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may be between 0.5 and 1.25 inches, between 0.65 and 1 inches, or between 0.7 and 0.8 inches. 
     In an example, a total length of an engaged and locked cap and body (e.g., container  10  when cap  30  is engaged with extending portion  56 ) may be between about 2 and about 6 inches. In another example, an engaged and locked cap and body (e.g., container  10  when cap  30  is engaged with extending portion  56 ) may be between about 3 and about 5 inches. 
     In an example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have square external cross-sections. In another example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have round internal cross-sections. In a further example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have square internal cross-sections. In yet another example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have oval external cross-sections. In yet a further example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have rectangular internal cross-sections. In an example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have rectangular external cross-sections. In another example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have polygonal internal cross-sections. In a further example, cross-sections of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) and a body (e.g., casing  70 ) may have polygonal external cross-sections. 
     In one aspect, a container (e.g., container  10 ) may be configured such that a shape and dimensions thereof (e.g., external dimensions of a cap and casing) are small relative to the hands of an adult so that a torque required to rotate a depressed cap (e.g., cap  30 ) from a locked (e.g., when engaging members are received in holding recesses) to an unlocked position (e.g., when engaging members are released from holding recesses) is about 0.791 Nm (Newton-metre). 
     In an example an axial force (i.e., in a direction toward end  11  opposite a free end of cap  30  and toward bottom connecting point  72 ) to release a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) from a casing (e.g., extending portion  56  connected to casing  70 ) by pressing engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) to overcome any resilient force (e.g., from a seal) may range from about 2 kgf to 8 kgf. In another example, such an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may range from about 3 kgf to 7 kgf. In a further example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may range from about 4 kgf to 6 kgf. 
     In an example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 2 kgf. In another example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 3 kgf. In yet another an example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 4 kgf. In a further example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 5 kgf. In yet a further example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 6 kgf. In an example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 7 kgf. In another example, an axial force to overcome the resilient force and to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) may be about 8 kgf. 
     As indicated above, an axial force may be applied to a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) in a direction (e.g., toward bottom connecting point  72 ) toward end  11  opposite a free end of the cap (e.g., cap  30 ) to press engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of the cap axially past any retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) to overcome any resilient force (e.g., from a seal) toward the free end of the cap. After such engaging members are located axially past any retaining members, the cap may be rotated (e.g., counter clockwise) to allow the engaging members to be located in circumferential spaces (e.g., recesses  81 ,  91 ) between the retaining members (e.g., connecting members  80 ) and the cap may then be moved away from end  11  to release the cap from the casing and holder. Such rotation of the cap may require a torque of about 0.1 Nm to about 1 Nm. In another example, the required torque may be about 0.1 Nm to about 0.9 Nm. In a further example the torque required to rotate the cap to allow the engaging members to be located in circumferential spaces between the retaining members (e.g., tooth  84 ) and the cap may be less than or equal to about 0.791 Nm. In another example, the required torque may be about 0.791 Nm. 
     As described above, extending portion  56  of holder  50  may include connecting members  80  bounding holding recesses (e.g. holding recess  83 ) configured to receive engaging members  32  of cap  30 . In an example, extending portion  56  may include four connecting members  80  and cap  30  may have four engaging members  32  engageable therewith. In another example, extending portion  56  may include four connecting members  80  circumferentially equally spaced (e.g., 90 degrees apart) around the extending portion and cap  30  may have four engaging members  32  circumferentially equally spaced (e.g., 90 degrees apart) around inner circumference of the cap. In other examples, there could be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 connecting members and corresponding engaging members on such an extending portion and cap. 
     In an example, connecting members (e.g., connecting members  80 ) of an extending portion (e.g., extending portion  56 ) and engaging members (e.g., engaging members  32 ) of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) engageable with each other may be disposed evenly circumferentially around their respective surfaces. In another example, such connecting members and engaging members may be disposed unevenly around their respective surfaces. Also, the shape, size, or depth of a plurality of connecting members may be different from each other. Similarly, the shape, size, or depth of a plurality of engaging members may be different from each other. Further, some of the particular connecting members and engaging members diametrically opposed to each other and directly engaging each other may have distinct shapes relative to other such pairs circumferentially separated from each other. 
     Also, the holder described above (e.g., holder  50 ) may be formed of polypropylene (PP) plastic, for example. Seal  45  described above may be formed of low density polyethylene (LDPE). The casing (e.g., casing  70 ) and an outer portion of the cap (e.g., cap  30 ) described above may be formed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, for example. An inner portion of the cap (e.g., cap  30 ) described above may be formed of PP plastic, for example. 
     As described above, container  10  may include a seal having a resilient force in a direction opposite end  11  such that an axial force of 5 kgf may overcome such resilient force to allow engaging members (engaging members  32 ) of a cap (e.g., cap  30 ) to move axially past any retaining members (e.g., connecting members  80 ) to allow rotation of the cap and a release through recesses (e.g., recess  81 , recess  91 ) of a holder (e.g., holder  50 ). Container  10  may have dimensions of 133 mm×21 mm×21 mm, for example. 
     A senior adult use effectiveness test and sequential child test per 16 CFR 1700.20 was conducted with an exemplary container. The container was found to be one hundred percent effective on child-resistant guidelines and ninety-eight percent effective on senior use effectiveness guidelines. 
     For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference is made above to embodiments of the invention and specific language describing the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, and any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates are contemplated and protected. 
     From the foregoing it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all ends and objectives herein-above set forth, together with the other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the invention. 
     Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matters herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings are to be interpreted as illustrative, and not in a limiting sense. 
     While specific embodiments have been shown and discussed, various modifications may of course be made, and the invention is not limited to the specific forms or arrangement of parts and steps described herein, except insofar as such limitations are included in the following claims. Further, it will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.