Patent Publication Number: US-10325254-B2

Title: Communication terminal and communication method using plural wireless communication schemes

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to an electronic commerce system, which may provide settlement facility in wholesale transactions represented by, for example, prepaid cards and credit cards (banking cards), transaction settlement facility of such tickets as events, seminars, movies and the like, and sales facility of the prepaid cards and tickets, and more particularly to an electronic commerce system, which allow transactions to be convenient, efficient and smooth with the safety of settlements assured. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In recent years there have been many attempts electronizing the value information including electronic money and tickets in order to achieve a higher efficiency in distribution systems. 
     One of such attempts uses a markup description language to define the property of value information, digitally sign thereon by the owner to allow the value information to pass current. Now referring to  FIG. 1( a ) , there is shown a schematic diagram in which a center server  3300  owned by an issuer of the value information issues the electronized value information  3303  to an IC card  3301  of a user, in accordance with the Prior Art. The value information  3303  stored in the IC card  3301  has its property described in a markup language, and digitally signed by the issuer thereof on its entirety in order to protect it against any unauthorized alteration. Referring to  FIG. 1( b ) , there is shown a schematic diagram in which the value information  3303  electronized in accordance with the Prior Art is used with a merchant. The value information  3304  stored in the terminal  3302  of merchant is derived from the value information  3303  stored in the IC card  3301  in addition to certain information indicating the transfer of owner, and is digitally signed by the user in order to protect it against any unauthorized alteration. Since the information is not updated but added, this is a method highly secured against any iniquity including alteration, which may circulate the electronized value information in a secure environment. 
     Another settlement scheme has been proposed, which uses local wireless communication so-called “Bluetooth” between a portable terminal to which the IC card storing the electronized value information is inserted and the POS terminal of a retail store in order to process the settlement such a payment. 
     However, in accordance with the Prior Art technology, the data size of the electronic value information may grow each time the value information is transacted, causing inconvenience in processing. 
     In addition, the Prior Art methods are required for certificates of both parties to be exchanged in order to authenticate the digital signatures at the time of transmitting the electronic value information. This is a problem that the anonymity may not be ensured. 
     Furthermore, the Prior Art methods have another problem that the prepaid cards or tickets may not be systematically processed because every methods of value information transaction use respective proprietary scheme different each other. 
     Finally, in the Prior Art methods, since the electronic value information is stored in the IC cards, the data size of the electronic value information is limited. And this is still another problem on the expressiveness of the value information that the multimedia information including images cannot be stored. Also, in the Prior Art methods the other party to communicate with in the Bluetooth environment needs to be identified prior to beginning of settlement process. This may cause a problem that, when a plurality of POS terminals are placed side by side in particular, a certain complex operation such as inputting the identification number of the POS terminal of the other party is needed. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances to overcome the above problems and the primary object is to provide an electronic wallet, which may efficiently electronize the value information to generate the electronic value, and which is eminent in the anonymity, security and convenience. 
     A secondary object of the invention is to provide an electronic wallet, with which users may efficiently use various electronic value information. 
     To achieve the above objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, this invention comprises an electronic wallet comprising means for storing and managing electronic information, the data structure of which includes a private key, certificate, and information signed by a service provider (i.e., the provider of this electronic wallet system in accordance with the invention) by means of the private key. More specifically, in accordance with the invention, each electronic information item stored in the electronic wallet incorporates respectively an inherent private key associated therewith, the value information within the electronic information item may be accessed oOnly when the private key is unlocked. 
     Therefore, the validity of the electronic information may be proved by itself. Even when a private key of one electronic information item has been deciphered by a third party, other electronic information items are secured, protected by other private keys, certificates, and signatures by the private keys so as to ensure the anonymity at a higher level. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1( a )  is a schematic block diagram in which the value information electronized in accordance with the Prior Art is used; ( b ) is a schematic block diagram in which the value information electronized in accordance with the Prior Art is used. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating the basic structure of an electronic wallet in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram illustrating that the information signed by private key is variable in the electronic wallet shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram illustrating that the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet shown in  FIG. 3  includes information signed by the issuer of the information; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram illustrating that the information signed by a private key is variable in the electronic wallet shown in  FIG. 4  and that the information signed by the issuer of the information is invariable; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic block diagram of a mobile electronic commerce system in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7( a )  is a schematic front view of a mobile user terminal in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention and ( b ) is a schematic rear view of the mobile user terminal; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic block diagram of a mobile user terminal in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic block diagram illustrating the relationship between applications in the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention and other components, as well as other equipments; 
         FIG. 10( a )  is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention when turned on, ( b ) is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention when displaying an internet menu, ( c ) is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention when displaying an ordering screen of the electronic value, ( d ) is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention when displaying password input screen, ( e ) is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention when displaying a list of electronic value, ( f ) is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention when displaying an electronic value screen, ( g ) is a schematic diagram of a display screen of the mobile user terminal in accordance with the preferred embodiment value receiving operation screen; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic block diagram of a service terminal in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic block diagram of a user terminal in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic block diagram of the data structure of electronic value in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic block diagram of the data structure of electronic value handler in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic diagram of message exchange during the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 16( a )  is a schematic diagram of the data structure of message presentation for the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, ( b ) is a schematic diagram of the data structure of message instruction for the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, ( c ) is a schematic diagram of message transaction for the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, ( d ) is a schematic diagram of data structure of message receipt for the transaction processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, and ( e ) is a schematic diagram of the data structure of message acknowledge for the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic diagram of coding of electronic value, written in a markup language, stored in an electronic wallet in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic diagram of coding of the presentation card and variable property of the electronic value, written in a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic diagram of coding of service control and security information of the electronic value, written in a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic diagram of coding of presentation control of the electronic value, written in a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic diagram of coding of presentation resource of the electronic value, written in a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic diagram of coding of display information “Main”, written in a markup language, generated by an electronic value object, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic diagram of coding of electronic value handler, written in a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 24( a )  is a schematic diagram of the data structure of service control message in the message presentation during the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, ( b ) is a schematic diagram of the data structure of service control message in the message instruction during the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, ( c ) is a schematic diagram of the data structure of service control message in the message transaction during the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, and ( d ) is a schematic diagram of the data structure of service control message in the message receipt during the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 25  is a schematic diagram of coding of the variable property of electronic value, written in a markup language, after the transaction settlement processing in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 26  is a schematic diagram of data for prompting the receiving operation of electronic value transmitted from the information server to a browser in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 27  is a schematic block diagram of an electronic value server in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 28  is a schematic block diagram of an electronic value template data  2300  under the control of an electronic value template database in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 29( a )  is a flow chart illustrating the procedure of issuing electronic value in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, and ( b ) is a flow chart illustrating the procedure of downloading the presentation control and presentation resource of electronic value in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 30( a )  is a schematic diagram of coding of electronic value issuing request, written in a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, and ( b ) is a schematic diagram of coding of terminal profile, written is a markup language, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 31  is a flow chart of electronic value generation process by an electronic value server in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 32  is a schematic diagram of coding of electronic value, written in a markup language, registered in an electronic value database of an electronic value server in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 33( a )  is a schematic front view of a mobile user terminal in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, and ( b ) is a rear view of a mobile user terminal in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 34  is a schematic block diagram of a mobile user terminal in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 35  is a schematic block diagram of a service terminal in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 36( a )  is a flow chart of the transaction settlement processing in a mobile user terminal in case of pattern  1  in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention, and ( b ) is a flow chart of the transaction settlement processing in a service terminal in case of pattern  1  in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 37( a )  is a flow chart of the transaction settlement processing in a mobile user terminal in case of pattern  2  in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention, and ( b ) is a flow chart of the transaction settlement processing in a service terminal in case of pattern  2  in accordance with second embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     A detailed description of one embodiment embodying the invention will now be given referring to the accompanying drawings. Now referring to  FIG. 2 , there is shown the basic structure of an electronic wallet in accordance with the invention. As shown in the figure, the electronic wallet  1  has an electronic information management means  2  for storing and managing information including valuable information. The electronic information  3  is stored in the electronic information management means  2 . The electronic information  3  is comprised of, in addition to the valuable information of the core data body of this electronic information, a private key  4  mated with its certificate  5  specific to that electronic information  3 , and the information  6  is signed by the private key. In  FIG. 1 , although there is shown only one electronic information  3  set in the electronic information management means  2 , in practice a plurality of electronic information  3  sets will be stored in the electronic information management means  2 . As can be appreciated the validity of electronic information may be proved by itself because of the private key  4  and the certificate  5  incorporated in the electronic information  3 , so as to maintain the anonymity. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 3 , there is shown a schematic diagram indicating that the information signed by the private key  4  is variable in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 2 . The electronic information  3  is comprised of a private key  4  mated with its certificate  5  both specific to that electronic information  3 , and variable information  7  signed by the private key  4 . The anonymity may be increasingly improved since the variable information  7  is signed by the private key  4  means that the signature by the private key  4  is updated each time the information is varied, i.e., each time the data is altered. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 4 , there is shown a schematic diagram illustrating that the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 3  has information  8  signed by the issuer of that information. The electronic information  3  is comprised of a private key  4  mated with its certificate  5  both specific to the electronic information  3 , variable information  7  signed by the private key  4 , and information  8  signed by the issuer of the electronic information. This structure has not only the variable information  7  signed by the private key  4 , but also the information  8  signed by the issuer of the information, so that the validity of the variable information in the electronic information may be proved by itself so as to further ensure the anonymity. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 5 , there is shown a schematic diagram illustrating that in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 4  the information signed by the private key  4  is variable property information used as variable information, and the information  8  signed by the issuer is fixed property information used as invariable information. The electronic information  3  is comprised of a private key  4  mated with its certificate  5  both specific to the electronic information  3 , variable property information  9  signed by the private key  4 , and invariable, fixed property information  10  signed by the issuer of the electronic information. As an example, the variable property information herein may correspond to the data in a book of transport coupons, the available number of which is decreased each time the coupon is used. The invariable property information in this example of transport coupons, may correspond to the data including the expiration and valid course of the book. The variable property information is signed by the private key  4  each time the data is rewritten, so that the validity of the variable property information may be proved by itself so as to further ensure the anonymity. The fixed property information, on the other hand, is signed by the issuer of the electronic information, so that the validity of the property information may be proved by itself so as to increasingly ensure the anonymity. 
     It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention encompasses any other aspects embodied by selecting either one of the above information  6 , variable information  7 , or variable property information  9  for the information signed by the private key  4 , and be selecting either one of the above information  8  or fixed property information  10 . 
     In accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is also variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and the fixed property information and presentation control information both signed by the issuer of the electronic information are provided, so that display data may be generated from all three kinds of information. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information, as well as the information for obtaining presentation control information may be provided. 
     Furthermore, in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information, as well as the information for obtaining presentation control information may be provided. 
     Furthermore, in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information as well as the identification information of presentation resources signed or not signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided, so that display data may be generated from those three kinds of information. 
     Also, in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and the fixed property information signed by the private key may be provided, as well as the identification information of display control information, in addition to information for obtaining display resource signed or not signed by the issuer of electronic information may be further provided. 
     Furthermore, in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided, as well as the authentication key of the electronic information handler may be incorporated in order the foe electronic information handler to perform the settlement process with a terminal having electronic information. 
     In addition, in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, a similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided, as well as the information for obtaining the presentation control information, the information for obtaining the presentation resource, and the authentication key of the electronic information handler may be provided. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided, as well as the service control information may be provided so as to regulate by the service control information the settlement process using the electronic information. 
     In addition, in accordance with the invention, the information signed by the private key is variable property information, as similar to the electronic information  3  stored in the electronic wallet  1  shown in  FIG. 5 , and fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be pOrovided, as well as the information for obtaining the presentation control information, information for obtaining the presentation resource, the authentication key of the electronic information handler, and the service control information may be further provided. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, means for controlling the electronic information by generating electronic information object from the electronic information, so as to enable the transaction settlement data based on the service control information to be embedded in each message to be exchanged when the electronic information object performs the transaction settlement. This allows the security to be improved without increasing the amount of data since the electronic information object updates and signs to the electronic information. 
     In addition, in accordance with the invention, the service control information may be composed of a combination of service control module information. 
     Still further in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the transaction settlement message on the basis of the service control information that will be embedded into each messages exchanged at the time of settlement may be a message from the electronic information requesting the transaction settlement to the electronic information handler. The transaction settlement processing in various electronic information may be processed in a manner highly effective. 
     Yet in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the settlement message on the basis of the service control information embedded into each message to be exchanged at the time of the settlement may be the message from the electronic information handler to the electronic information for instructing the update of property values. This allows the settlement in various electronic information to be performed at higher efficiency. 
     Also further in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the settlement message on the basis of the service control information embedded into each message to be exchanged at the time of the settlement may be the message from the electronic information to the electronic information handler for indicating the result of update of the property values. This allows the settlement in various electronic information to be performed at higher efficiency. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the settlement message on the basis of the service control information embedded into each message to be exchanged at the time of the settlement may be a message that may correspond to a receipt from the electronic information handler to the electronic information. This allows the settlement in various electronic information to be performed at higher efficiency. 
     EMBODIMENTS 
     Two embodiments of the invention will be described in greater details below with reference to  FIG. 6  through  FIG. 37 . It should be noted here that those skilled in the art may appreciate that the invention may not be limited to the following disclosure, which are for solely the purpose of illustration thereof, and that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The accompanying drawings will be referred to as  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7  . . . . 
     First Embodiment 
     A practical embodiment of the invention is a mobile electronic commerce system, in which system any individual buyer-user may purchase over the network any tickets, prepaid cards and the like as electronic information, and that the examination of tickets and transaction settlement of purchase communication, without presenting a ticket to clerk at the time of examination of tickets, or without delivering cash and receipts with a salesperson at the time of purchase of a merchandise in a wholesale store. 
     In the following description, this system as have been described above will be referred to as “mobile electronic commerce system”. The aggregation consisted of any electronic tickets and prepaid cards that are dealt with in the present system will be referred to as “electronic value”, as well as the entirety consisted of a variety of services provided by the system will be referred to as “mobile electronic commerce service”, herein below. 
     The mobile electronic commerce system may include, as shown by the system architecture in  FIG. 6 , a mobile user terminal  101  incorporating bidirectional wireless communication facility in two methods, browsing facility, and electronic wallet facility; a user terminal  107  incorporating a bidirectional wireless communication facility, browsing facility, and electronic wallet facility; a service terminal  105  for the transaction settlement processing of electronic value; a service server  106  for serving for the online transaction settlement processing of electronic value; a settlement server  104  for serving for the debit of bank accounts, credit card accounts, or settlement institutions; an information server  102  for providing online information concerning electronic value and for vending electronic value; an electronic value server  103  for generating and issuing electronic value, wherein these services are interconnected online over the Internet  100 . The service server  106 , settlement server  104 , information server  102 , and electronic value server  103  are systems formed by one or a plurality of computers, respectively. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  may be a portable wireless telephone (cellular) terminal having two bidirectional wireless communication facilities, for the infrared (IR) and digital wireless communication, browsing facility, and electronic wallet facility. 
     The service terminal  105  may have two bidirectional wireless communication facilities, for IR communication and digital wireless, and may be of standalone or portable installation in accordance with the application. 
     In  FIG. 6 , the reference numerals  108  and  113  are digital wireless communication lines for accessing the Internet  100  from the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105 , respectively. The reference numeral  109  may be an IR transmission line used by the mobile user terminal  101  to the service terminal  105 , and the reference numerals  110 ,  111 ,  112 ,  114 , and  115  are digital communication channels for accessing the Internet  100  from the information server  102 , electronic value server  103 , settlement server  104 , service server  106 , and user terminal  107 , respectively. 
     Ordinary operational mode of the mobile electronic commerce system can be assumed as follows: 
     The settlement server  104  may be installed in a bank, a credit card company, or settlement organization. The information server  102  may be installed in an organization that provides information concerning the electronic value online, and sells the electronic value online, such as an event producer, ticket issuer, wholesale store, or a prepaid card company. 
     The service terminal  105  may be installed at the entrance in a movie theater or an event arena, or at the POS checkout stations in a store if the terminal is of standalone type, and may be carried by a salesperson or money collector if the terminal is portable. The service server  106  may be installed in a firm providing services compatible with the electronic value such as an online shop and Internet broadcasting. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  may be carried by the consumer, while the user terminal  107  may be installed at the home of the consumer. 
     The electronic value server  103  may be installed in an organization that provides the mobile electronic commerce system. 
     The connections including the interconnection between devices forming collectively the mobile electronic commerce system, and the social relationship among the owners of such system, can be assumed as follows: 
     The consumer-owner who possesses the mobile user terminal  101  has a contract of accounting with a bank or a credit card company, and another contract of membership of mobile electronic commerce system with the service provider of mobile electronic commerce system. 
     The owner of the service terminal  105  and the owner of the service server  106  may enter into a contract of franchise system with the mobile electronic commerce system service provider. It should be noted here that the service terminal  105  owner or service server  106  owner may also be the same mobile electronic commerce system service provider. 
     The owner of the service server  106  may enter a contract with the mobile electronic commerce system service provider in order for the electronic value server  103  to issue electronic value in response to the request from the service server  106 . It should be noted her also that the service server  106  owner may be the same service provider of the mobile electronic commerce system. 
     In order to simplify the description on the present novel system herein below, the consumer-owner of the mobile user terminal  101  will be referred to as “user”, the business entity that possesses the service terminal  105  or the service server  106  and sells or provides merchandises and services as “merchant”, the company that possesses the electronic value server  103  to provide the mobile electronic commerce service as “service provider”, the institution that possesses the settlement server  104  to process the transaction settlement of accounts such as banks, credit card companies, or settlement organizations as “transaction processor”, and the association that possesses the information server  102  for providing information concerning the electronic value online and selling the electronic value as “electronic value seller”. 
     The mobile electronic commerce service provided by the system in accordance with the invention is an electronic service, which may processes the purchase and sale of tickets and prepaid cards via the network, the delivery along therewith, and the exercise of tickets and cards. 
     More specifically, a user may use his/her mobile user terminal  101  to place a purchase order of electronic value to the information server  102  via the Internet, then receive electronic value generated by the electronic value server  103  on the basis of a request of issuing electronic value from the information server  102  to the electronic value server  103  to store and manage it into the mobile user terminal  101 . For using the purchased electronic value, the mobile user terminal  101  may perform data communication with the service terminal  105  or service server  106  to adduce the electronic value stored in the mobile user terminal  101  to exchange the transaction information of electronic value therewith and transact the electronic value, and then the merchant will deliver a service or product. The transaction process along with the purchase and sale of electronic value will be performed between the information server  102  and the settlement server  104 . The details of mobile electronic commerce service will be described later. 
     In mobile electronic commerce service, data communication among devices of the present system will be carried out over the transmission line or communication channel as described below. The mobile user terminal  101  may perform digital communication with the information server  102  through the transmission line  108 , Internet  100 , and digital communication channel  110 , may digitally communicate with the electronic value server  103  through the transmission line  108 , Internet  100 , and digital communication channel  111 , may also digitally communicate with the service server  106  through the transmission line  108 , Internet  100 , and digital communication channel  111 , and may perform IR communication with the service terminal  105  through a transmission line  109 . 
     In the communication between the mobile user terminal  101  and electronic value server  103 , communication between the mobile user terminal  101  and service terminal  105 , and communication between the mobile user terminal  101  and service server  106 , any transaction information will be encrypted. For the encryption, a combination of the private key encryption and the public key encryption are used for encapsulate information into an envelope before communication. 
     Components of the present system will then be described below in greater details. 
     At first the service terminal  105  will be detailed. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 11 , there is shown a schematic block diagram of a service terminal  105 . In  FIG. 11 , the service terminal  105  is consisted of a computer  600 , a wireless modem  601 , and an IR communication adapter  602 . The service terminal  105  has two communication facilities, for digital wireless communication and IR. The digital wireless communication is used for accessing to Internet, while the IR communication facility is used for the electronic value transaction with the mobile user terminal. The computer  600  may incorporate a merchant application program, with which the computer  600  controls the wireless modem  601  and the IR communication adapter  602  to perform the transaction, based on this merchant application. In a similar manner, the service server  106  may also incorporate a merchant application, with which the service server  106  performs the electronic value transaction, based on this merchant application. The detailed operation of the service terminal  105  and service server  106  will be described later. 
     Next, the user terminal  107  will be detailed. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 12 , there is shown a schematic block diagram of a user terminal  107 . In  FIG. 12 , the user terminal  107  is consisted of a computer  700 , a smart card reader/writer  701 , and a modem  702 . The user terminal  107  may incorporate a browser application program and an electronic wallet application program, and access the Internet via the modem  702 . By inserting a smart card of the mobile user terminal  101  into the smart card reader/writer  701 , the user terminal  107  may have the same functionality as the mobile user terminal  101  except for the transaction processing to and from a service terminal  105 . 
     Next, the mobile user terminal  101  will be detailed. 
     Now referring to  FIGS. 7( a ) and ( b ) , there are shown front and rear views of a mobile user terminal  101 . In  FIG. 7( a ) , the reference numeral  211  designates to an IR port (IR module) for IR communication with the service terminal  105 ; the reference numeral  210  to an antenna for transmitting and receiving RF waves of digital wireless communication; the reference numeral  209  to a receiver/speaker; the reference numeral  200  to a color liquid crystal display (LCD) device capable of displaying  120  by  160  pixels, the reference numeral  203  to an off-hook switch, the reference numeral  202  to an on-hook and power-off switch for both hanging on a call and powering off the device, the reference numeral  204  to a navigation switch, the reference numerals  205  and  206  to function switches, the reference numeral  201  to a ten-key pad, the reference numeral  207  to a microphone. In  FIG. 7( b ) , the reference numeral  212  designates to a smart card slot (smart card reader/writer). 
     The mobile user terminal  101  has two communication facilities for the digital wireless communication and for the IR communication, the digital wireless facility is used for voice calls and internet accessing, as well as the transaction processing of electronic value with a service server, while the IR communication is used for the transaction processing of electronic value with a service terminal. The mobile user terminal  101  further has a browser facility and electronic wallet facility. The browser facility is used for browsing the Internet and the locally stored data in the mobile user terminal, and the electronic wallet facility is used for managing the electronic value and transaction. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 8 , there is shown a schematic block diagram of a mobile user terminal  101 . In  FIG. 8 , the mobile user terminal  101  comprises a FPU (central processing unit)  300  that operates based on a program stored in an FeRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory)  301  to process data stored in the FeRAM  301 , transmit and receive data, and control other components via a bus  306 ; and LCD  200 ; an IR communication module  211 ; a smart card reader/writer  212 ; a ten-key pad  201 ; hung-on/power-off switch  202 ; a call switch  203 ; a navigation switch  204 ; function switches  205  and  206 ; a key controller  302  for detecting switch operation; voice processor  304  for driving a speaker  303  and a receiver  209  and digitally processing analog voice signals input from a microphone  207 ; RF communication unit  305  for controlling wireless data communication via an antenna  210  and wireless voice calls; and a smart card  307 . 
     The smart card  307  may have therein a CPU and a non-volatile memory, which memory stores a universal personal telecommunication number (UPT; telephone number) of its user, a User ID in the mobile electronic commerce service, a user private key of the public key encryption method, a user certificate corresponding to the private key, as well as a certificate of the service provider (digital certificate of the service provider), electronic value that the user has already purchased, and receipts of the purchase of electronic value and for the transaction processing thereof. 
     In the FeRAM  301 , in addition to the operating system (OS) and a phone program, two applications including a browser and an electronic wallet may be stored, which the CPU  300  may execute simultaneously. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 9 , there is shown a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship among the applications (browser and electronic wallet) executable on the CPU  300 , other components in the mobile user terminal  101 , and other devices. In  FIG. 4 , the CPU  300  executes two processes, the browser  401  and electronic wallet  400 . 
     The browser  401  may accept the user operation information (switch operation) sent from the key controller  302  to use the RF communication unit  305  to access the electronic value server  103  via the Internet  100 . The browser  401  may also interpret data received from the electronic value server  103  to display on the LCD  200 . The data received from the electronic value server  103  in this situation is written in a specific markup language, and the browser  401  interprets the markup language to restore image data to display on the LCD  200 . In a similar manner, the browser  401  reads and interprets files stored in the FeRAM  301  or data received from the electronic wallet  400  to display on the LCD  200 . Here the files stored in the FeRAM  301  and data received from the electronic wallet  400  are written in a specific markup language. 
     As an example, referring to  FIG. 10( a ) , there is shown a “My Menu” display screen, which is presented on the LCD  200  at the power-on. When powering off by means of the hung-on/power-off switch  202 , the browser  401  will read out the “My Menu” file stored in the FeRAM  301  to display the contents on the screen as shown in  FIG. 10( a ) . The “My Menu” file is an operation menu of the mobile user terminal  101 , written in a specific markup language. 
     Now assuming that the user selects from the menu item “1: Internet”, then the browser  401  will access the Internet, and display an Internet Menu screen linked to the menu item “1: Internet”, as shown in  FIG. 10( b ) . Then the user may access to an Internet site, for example the information server  102 , from this menu.  FIG. 10( c )  depicts an exemplary display screen when accessing to an information server  102  to place an order of electronic value. 
     Assuming that the user selects “2: E-Wallet” from the menu, the browser  401  may access to the electronic wallet  400 , and display another screen for requesting a password input, based on the data received from the electronic wallet  400 , as shown in  FIG. 10( d ) . When the user inputs his/her password in this screen, the browser  401  in turn will send the password input to the electronic wallet  400 . If the password is correct, the electronic wallet  400  will send data including a list of electronic value stored in and managed by the electronic wallet  400  to the browser  401 . Then the browser  401  will display the screen as shown in  FIG. 10( e ) . If the password is not correct, then an error will be displayed. Assuming that the user selects “7: Soccer 200× Japa” menu item, data indicating the contents of electronic value selected will be sent from the electronic wallet  400  to the browser  401 , which then will display a screen as shown in  FIG. 10( f ) . In the above situation, the data sent from the electronic wallet  400  to the browser  401  may be written in a specific markup language. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10( a ) to ( f ) , the screen displayed on the LCD  200  by the browser  401  is composed of three areas, including a contents display area  500  for displaying the data received, a status display area  502  displayed on the top of the screen, and a menu display area  501 . 
     The status display area  502  indicates to which site the terminal is connected, and whether the communication is secured or not. For example, in case of  FIG. 10( c ) , the indication means that the displayed screen is resulted from accessing the Internet, the communication contents is secured to prevent listening therein. Also in case of  FIG. 10( e ) , the indication says that the displayed screen is resulted from accessing the electronic wallet  400 , the communication between the browser  401  and the electronic wallet  400  is secured to eliminate any listening therein. 
     The menu display area  501  is a function area deserved for indicating the functions allocated to the function switches  205  and  206 . For example, in case of  FIG. 10( a ) , a function that means “OK”, or that selects is allocated to the function switch  205 , another function that means “back”, or that goes back is allocated to the function switch  206 . 
     The electronic wallet  400 , in response to the request from the browser  401 , may receive the electronic value from the electronic value server  103 , manage the electronic value stored in the smart card  307 , and process transaction with the service terminal  105  or the service server  106 . 
     For example, in the My Menu screen shown in  FIG. 10( a ) , when the user is assumed to select a menu item “2: E-Wallet”, which item is hyper-linked to a uniform resource identifier (URI) “wallet:///index”. The browser  401  will then request to the electronic wallet  400  the index information of the electronic wallet, in other words the list of electronic value(s) stored in and managed by the electronic wallet  400 . On the other hand, the electronic wallet  400  will reply to the browser  401  with a password input screen display data that is written in a specific markup language. When the password input by the user is sent back from the browser, the electronic wallet  400  will access the smart card  307  via the smart card reader/writer  212  to check the match between the input and the password stored in the smart card  307 . If the password input is correct, i.e., the user is assumed to be authenticated, the electronic wallet  400  will reply to the browser  401  with the data indicating a list of electronic value(s) stored in the smart card  307 , which data is written in specific markup language. 
     When in the list display of electronic value(s) shown in  FIG. 10( e ) , assuming that the user selects a menu item “7: Soccer 200× Japa”, which item is hyper-linked to a URI “wallet:///Evalue/ev00000033”. The browser  401  will then request an electronic value managed under the identifier “ev00000033” to the electronic wallet  400 . In reply, the electronic wallet  400  will access the smart card  307  via the smart card reader/writer  212  to generate an electronic value object on the basis of the electronic value data stored in the non-volatile memory of the smart card  307  and managed under the identifier “ev00000033”. Then the electronic wallet  400  will request to thus generated electronic value object the data indicating the contents of electronic value, and finally send to the browser  401  the data generated by the electronic value object indicating the electronic value contents. At this point, the data generated by the electronic value object and indicating the electronic value contents is written in a specific markup language. 
     As another example, when the user wishes to purchase another electronic value, the electronic wallet  400 , in response to the request from the browser  401  for receiving the electronic value, will receive the electronic value sent from the electronic value server  103 . 
     In response to the purchase order of electronic value by the browser  401  to the information server  102 , the information server  102  will send a request for issuing an electronic value to the electronic value server  103 , then obtain a session number valid for receiving an electronic value from the electronic value server  103 , and send to the browser  401  the data that prompts the receiving operation of electronic value to the user.  FIG. 26  shows an example of the data that is sent from the information server  102  to the browser  401  for prompting the receiving operation of electronic value.  FIG. 10( g )  shows a display screen on which the browser  401  displays the data. 
     When the user selects “Receive e-Value”, then a tag &lt;Go HREF=“wallet:///evReceive”&gt; will be executed so as to request the electronic wallet  400  by the browser  401  to receive a new electronic value. At this point, the URI of the electronic value server  103  (EV_ISSUER_URI=“http://www.evalue.com”) and the session number for receiving an electronic value (SESSION_NUM=“a01b23c45d67e89f”) will be sent from the browser  401  to the electronic wallet  400  as arguments to the tag. 
     The electronic wallet  400 , which is requested to receive an electronic value by the browser  401 , will access the electronic value server  103  (EV_ISSUER_URI=“http://www.evalue.com”) via the RF communication unit  305  to mutually authenticate with the electronic value server  103  to establish an encrypted session by using the user private key and the user certificate and the service provider certificate, all stored in the smart card  307 . The electronic wallet  400  then will request the electronic value server  103  to issue an electronic value, and will receive data including an electronic value from the electronic value server  103 . At his point, the issuing request sent from the electronic wallet to the electronic value server includes the session number indicating the electronic value to be received by the electronic wallet. The electronic wallet  400 , which may have received the data including an electronic value, will generate an electronic value object from the received data and, in addition, request thus generated electronic value object to generate an electronic value data. The electronic value data generated by the electronic value object will be stored in the smart card  307  and the electronic value will be registered to the electronic wallet. Here, the electronic value data indicates serial data converted in a specific format from the electronic value object, and the conversion process to the serial data may permit encryption to be included. 
     In the case of settling the transaction of electronic value, the electronic wallet  400 , in response to the request for settling the transaction of electronic value by the browser  401 , will proceed to process the settlement of transaction with the service terminal  105  or the service server  106 . Upon reception of the request of transaction settlement sent from the browser  401 , if the browser  401  is in communication with the service server  106 , the electronic wallet  400  will process the transaction with the service server  106  via the RF communication unit  305 , on contrary if the browser  401  is not connected to the service server  106  then the electronic wallet  400  will process the transaction with the service terminal  105  via the IR communication module  211 . The transaction settlement processing of the electronic value will be described in greater details later. 
     Now the data structure of electronic value (electronic value data) to be stored in the smart card  307  will be described. Referring to  FIG. 13 , there is shown a schematic diagram indicating the data structure of electronic value. In  FIG. 13 , one electronic value is composed of five component segments, namely, a value property descriptor  800 , a service control  803 , a security information  804 , a representation control  805 , and a representation resource  806 . 
     The value property descriptor  800  is a segment defining various property, such as the type of electronic value, code number, ID number, and the name. The value property descriptor  800  may further includes a presentation card  801  indicating invariable property that the value will not be changed by the transaction settlement processing, and a variable property  802  indicating variable property that the value will be updated by the transaction settlement processing. The service control  803  is a segment defining the contents of process performed on the electronic value at the time of transaction settlement. The security information  804  is a segment defining the security information such as encryption key of the electronic value and the like. The representation control  805  is a segment defining the display of electronic value. The representation resource  806  is a segment defining data such as image and audio data and the like, used for the display of electronic value and sound effect. 
     The data structure of electronic value is based on a specific markup language. The smart card  307  will store an encoded version of the specific markup language. Now referring to  FIG. 17 , there is shown a typical example of electronic value, written in a specific markup language, the drawing being partly omitted for the simplicity. The electronic value in this example is managed by the electronic wallet  400  under the identifier “ev00000033”. 
     The presentation card  801  is digitally signed by the service provider (http://www.evalue.com), and the variable property  802  is the private key of that electronic value (evPrivateKey), in other words the electronic value itself. The service control  803 , security information  804 , representation control  805 , and representation resource  806  are also digitally signed by the service provider (http://www.evalue.com). These digital signatures will be verified each time an electronic value object is generated, so that any unauthorized alteration to this part will be practically difficult. It should be noted that only URIs in the representation control  805  and the representation resource  806  are defined, the representation control  805  entity will be separately defined in the section  1201 , the representation resource  806  entity in the section  1202 , respectively. Also the service provider (http://www.evalue.com) will be defined in the section  1200 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , there is shown the presentation card  801  and the variable property  802  of the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 , without omission. In  FIG. 18 , the electronic value may have, as the fixed properties, the electronic value type (evType) of “ticket”, the code number (evCode) of 0000300000000201”, the ID number (evID) of “10000000000000000000000000000001”, the ticket title (TITLE) of “Soccer 200× Japan vs Brazil”, the seat number (SEAT NUM) of “:SS-A-28”, and so one, and as the variable properties, the validity flag (VALIDITY) to “1” (i.e., valid), the used flag (USED) to “0” (i.e., not yet used), the number of tickets (NUMBER) to “1” (i.e., one time ticket) and so on. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 19 , the service control  803  and the security information  804  of the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17  is shown without omission. In  FIG. 19 , the electronic value has three service control modules defined, namely the ticket module (“ticket”), property verification module (“verify_prop”), and message setting module (“set_message”). The term “service control modules” means that the processing of transaction settlement is divided into small process blocks. In the transaction processing, the service control modules defined in the service control  803  will be executed. More specifically, changing the combination of service control modules defined in the service control  803  will allow a variety of transaction processing to be defined. 
     For instance, in that electronic value as have been described just above, the ticket module is a modular block of the basic function of ticket, which may decrement by “1” the available number of tickets ($NUMBER), set the start of the effective period ($START_VALID) and the end of the effective period ($END_VALID), flip the used flag ($USED) to “1” (i.e., already used), set the validity flag ($VALIDITY) in correspondence with the available period, and increment by “1” the serial number of use ($USE_SERIAL) indicating the number of use of the electronic value, or the number of times of settlement processing. The property verification module is a module for checking the property of the specified electronic value, which in this example will verify the seat number ($SEAT_NUM) according to the transaction processing. The message setting module is a module for setting a message (character string), which will set according to the transaction processing the message prepared in the service terminal  105  (or the service server  106 ) to one of variable properties, the message 2 ($MESSAGE_2). The process as have been described above will be performed within one transaction processing at the same time. 
     In the security information  804 , the electronic value private key (evPrivateKey) of a public key encryption method used as the key specific to this electronic value, the electronic value certificate (evCertificate) corresponding to the key, and the electronic value authentication key (evAuthKey) and electronic value handler authentication key (evhandlerAuthKey) of a public key encryption method used as the keys specific to a unique code number of electronic values, and the like are defined. Here, an electronic value handler is the information predetermined for the transaction processing in the service terminal  105  or the service server  106 , either of which performs the processing with this electronic value. In either the service terminal  105  or the service server  106 , an electronic value handler object will be generated at the time of transaction processing, so that substantially the transaction settlement will be processed between the electronic value object and the electronic value handler object. The electronic value handler will be detailed later. 
     Referring to  FIG. 20 , there is shown the entity  1201  of the electronic value presentation control shown in  FIG. 17 , without omission. In  FIG. 20 , two types of display information, namely “Main” and “Detail” are defined in this electronic value. In the entity  1201  of the presentation control section, a template of display screen written in a specific markup language is defined. The electronic value object of this electronic value will substitute the code segment between &lt;evP&gt; and &lt;/evP&gt; with the property value defined by the presentation card  801 , and the code segment between &lt;evV&gt; and &lt;levy&gt; with the property value defined by the variable property  802  to generate data indicating the electronic value contents. For example, in the listing display of electronic values shown in  FIG. 10( e ) , when the user selects “7: Soccer 200× Japa”, the electronic value object will generate display information “Main” as shown in  FIG. 22 , and the browser  401  will display on the LCD  200  the display screen as shown in  FIG. 10( f ) . 
     Referring to  FIG. 21 , there is shown the entity  1202  of electronic value presentation resource section of  FIG. 17  in greater details. In  FIG. 21 , the electronic value has data of two images labeled as “MAIN_IMG” and “MAP”, and an audio data labeled as “Greet” being defined. 
     For example, in case of the display information “Main” shown in  FIG. 22 , the line “&lt;IMGSRC=“wallet:///evResource label=MAIN_IMG”&gt;is a description defining the way how to display the image labelled as “MAIN_IMG” in the presentation resource section of the electronic value object, which object is present in the electronic wallet  400 . In the resource data shown in  FIG. 21 , image data with “MAIN_IMG” label will be transferred to the browser  401  to be displayed as shown in  FIG. 10( f ) . 
     As can be appreciated from the foregoing description, various properties in one electronic value, processing details of the transaction settlement, and the electronic value display may be defined on the basis of the specific markup language used. 
     It is to be appreciated by the one skilled in the art that the presentation control entity  1201  and the presentation resource entity  1202  of the electronic value may also be stored in the FeRAM  301 , instead of storing the smart card  307 . In such a case, the capacity per one electronic value to be stored in the smart card  307  may be significantly reduced to benefit the merit that much more electronic values can be stored in a smart card  307 . Since the FeRAM  301  has much space in capacity as compared with the smart card  307 , an electronic value having a presentation control entity  1201  and a presentation resource entity  1202  of large capacity size may be dealt with by the mobile user terminal  101 . This implies that an electronic value defining a complex display such as electronic value using a script in the presentation control section, or an electronic value having a diversified expressive power such as an electronic value having multimedia information including a color image defined in the presentation resource section, may be used with the mobile user terminal  101 . 
     However, in such a situation, when inserting the smart card  307  into the smart card reader/writer  701  of the user terminal  107  to display the electronic value contents on the screen of the computer  700 , the presentation control entity  1201  and presentation resource entity  1202  of the presentation control section will be required. The electronic value contents can be displayed by downloading, based on the URI of these entities defined in the representation control  805  and the representation resource  806 , the presentation control entity  1201  and the presentation resource entity  1201  via the Internet  100 . Also in this situation, the presentation control entity  1201  and the presentation resource entity  1202  will be downloaded, which may fit to the type and the display size of the user terminal  107 . This means that the electronic value displayed on the user terminal  107  is different from that intended to be displayed on the small display of a mobile user terminal  101 , and may have a diversified expressive power suitable for the display size of the user terminal  107 . 
     The mechanism of downloading the presentation control entity  1201  and presentation resource entity  1202  in accordance with the type of terminal will be described later. 
     Now the electronic value handler will be described. An electronic value handler may exist in correspondence with the code number of an electronic value, and is distributed via the Internet  100  in advance, to the service terminal  105  and the service server  106  of merchants dealing with that electronic value. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 14 , there is shown the data structure of an electronic value handler. In  FIG. 14 , an electronic value handler is consisted of four sections, namely a value property descriptor  900 , a service control  903 , a security information  904 , and a merchant option  905 . The value property descriptor  900  is a section defining various properties, including the type of electronic values to be dealt with, code number, ID number, name and so on. The service control  903  is a section defining the processing contents of transaction settlement with the electronic value. The security information  904  is a section defining the security information, including the private key of the electronic value handler. The merchant option  905  is a section defining additional settings of specific merchants. 
     The data structure of electronic value handler is also based on a specific markup language, and the encoded version thereof will be stored in the service terminal  105  or service server  106 . 
     Now referring to  FIG. 23 , there is shown coding of an electronic value handler corresponding to the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 , written in a specific markup language, with some omission. The electronic value handler shown may be managed by the electronic merchant under the identifier “ev00000001. Of data consisting an electronic value handler, sections including the value property descriptor  900 , the service control  903 , and the security information  904  are distributed from the service provider, while the merchant option  905  is the additional section, which is appended by the merchant with a merchant application. The digital signature by the service provider (http://www.evalue.com) is therefore valid only in the value property descriptor  900 , the service control  903 , and the security information  904 . The digital signature will be verified each time an electronic value handler object is created, so that any unauthorized alteration on these sections may be enough difficult. 
     In the value property descriptor  900  shown in  FIG. 23 , the electronic value to be dealt with may have properties that the type of electronic value (evType) is “ticket”, the code number (evCode) is 0000300000000201”, the title of ticket (TITLE) is “Soccer 200× Japan vs Brazil”, and so on. However, the seat number (SEAT_NUM) and message 2 (MESSAGE_2) are not defined but an element “permission=“public”” is added for each so as not to be left blank, indicating that the setting by the owner (merchant) of the electronic value handler is allowable. This allows the merchant option  905  to be added by a merchant. For example, in the merchant option  905  of  FIG. 23 , the seat number ($SEAT_NUM) has 
     “SS-*-*”, and the message 2 ($MESSAGE_2) has “Special News available: http://www.yis.co.jp/news/20020630”. 
     The service control  903  in  FIG. 23  may define the service modules each corresponding to the ticket module (“ticket”), property verification module (“verify_prop”), and message setting module (“set_message”) of electronic value. The coding is in a markup language, similar to the electronic value, however a service module for performing the processing in the merchant side will be executed. For example, for the property verification module, the seat number ($SEAT_NUM) will be matched with “SS-*-*”, in accordance with the setting in the merchant option  905 . Here the asterisk (*) means any character strings, thus the tickets for the grade “SS” may be allowed for the transaction settlement. For the message setting module, a message telling “Special News available: http://www.yis.co.jp/news/20020630” will be put into the message 2 “$MESSAGE_2) of the electronic value, in accordance with the setting in the merchant option  905 , at the time of transaction processing. 
     The security information  904  shown in  FIG. 23  has the same electronic value authentication key (evAuthKey) and electronic value handler authentication key (evhandlerAuthKey) as that defined in the security information  804  of electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 . The electronic value and electronic value handler uses those electronic value authentication key (evAuthKey) and the electronic value handler authentication key (evhandlerAuthKey) to mutually authenticate each other at the time of transaction processing. 
     The security information  904  shown in  FIG. 23  has the same electronic value authentication key (evAuthKey) and electronic value handler authentication key (evhandlerAuthKey) as that defined in the security information  804  of electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 . The electronic value and electronic value handler uses those electronic value authentication key (evAuthKey) and the electronic value handler authentication key (evhandlerAuthKey) to mutually authenticate each other at the time of transaction processing. 
     Now the transaction processing between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will be described in greater details. The transaction processing may be commenced by the step of displaying the electronic value to be used by the user on the LCD  200 , directing the IR port (IR communication module) toward the IR communication adapter  602  of a service terminal  105 , and pressing the function key to be allocated to start the execution of transaction processing. For example, in case of “Main” screen display shown in  FIG. 22 , when pressing the function key assigned to execute the transaction processing, the tag &lt;Go HREF=“wallet:///evTransact”/&gt; will be executed to request the transaction processing to an electronic value object in the electronic wallet  400 . Now referring to  FIG. 15 , there is shown a message to be exchanged between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  during the transaction. At first, a message presentation (“Presentation”)  1003  asking the transaction processing of electronic value will be sent from the electronic value object. In response thereto, the merchant application in the service terminal  105  will create an electronic value handler object that corresponds to the electronic value in question, that created electronic value handler object will send an instruction  1004 , a message requesting the update of the property value to the electronic value. The electronic value object will update the property value in accordance with the instruction  1004 , and then will send a transaction (“Transaction”)  1005 , a message confirming the update to the electronic value handler object. The electronic value handler object will verify the contents of the transaction  1005 , and if it is correct then will send a receipt (“Receipt”)  1006 , corresponding to a receipt for the transaction  1005 . Thereafter, the electronic value object will further verify the contents of the receipt  1006 , and if it is correct then will send an acknowledgement (“Acknowledge”)  1007 , an acknowledgement message confirming the reception of the receipt  1006  to the electronic value handler object and store the electronic value data having the property value updated and the receipt into the smart card  307  to terminate the process. If there is occurred an error during the transaction, the one having the error will send an error message to the other side to abort the process. 
     The presentation  1003  may consist of, as shown in  FIG. 16( a ) , a message header  1110 , a request number  1111  that is unique to a process from the viewpoint of electronic wallet  400 , a presentation card  1012  ( 801 ) of the electronic value, and a service control message  1113  of the service control module. All these components are digitally signed by the electronic value signature  1114  using the electronic value private key. Then after an electronic value certificate  1115  will be appended thereto, encryption of the entity will be done by using the electronic value handler authentication key. And finally a message header  1117  and a code number  1118  of the electronic value will be appended thereto. 
     The merchant application in the service terminal  105  will, on the basis of the code number  1118  of the presentation  1003 , generate an electronic value handler object corresponding to the electronic value. Thus generated electronic value handler object will decrypt the section  1116  encrypted by the electronic value handler authentication key, verify the electronic value certificate  1115  and electronic value signature  1114 , then verify the service control message  1113 . If the presentation  1003  is correctly verified, the electronic value handler object will create an instruction  1004  to be sent. 
     The instruction  1004  is consisted of, as shown in  FIG. 16( b ) , a message header  1120 , a request number  1121  ( 1111 ) that was included in the presentation  1003 , a transaction settling number  1112  that is unique to a transaction from the point of view of the merchant application, a service control message  1123  by the service control module. After digitally signing by the merchant with the merchant private key  1124 , appending thereto a merchant certificate  1825  and a session key “A”  1126  that has been newly generated, and encrypting all the components above by the electronic value authentication key, a message header  1128  will be added thereto. The electronic value object will decrypt the section  1127  encrypted by the electronic value authentication key, verify the electronic merchant certificate  1125  and the merchant&#39;s signature  1124 , then check the request number  1111  to detect the service control message  1113 . If and only if the instruction  1004  correctly passes the verification, the electronic value handler object is judged to be an authenticated electronic value handler object having a correct electronic value authentication key and correct electronic value handler authentication key. The electronic value object will then update the property value based on the instruction  1004  to generate and send a transaction  1005 . 
     The transaction  1005  is consisted of, as shown in  FIG. 16( c ) , a message header  1130 , a request number  1131 , a transaction number  1132  ( 1122 ) that was included in the instruction  1004 , a merchant ID  1133  corresponding to the destination of the transaction  1005 , and a service control message  1134  by the service control module. After digitally signing by the electronic value private key  1135  all those sections, adding thereto a session key “B”  1136  that has been newly generated, then encrypting all with the session key A  1126  included in the instruction  1004 , a message header  1138  will be further appended thereto. 
     The electronic value handler object will decrypt the section  1137  encrypted by the session key “A”  1126 , verify the electronic value signature  1135 , check the request number  1111  and the transaction number  1132 , and finally verify the service control message  1113 . If and only if the transaction  1005  has been correctly verified, the electronic value object is judged to be the authenticated one having a correct electronic value authentication key and a correct electronic value handler authentication key. The electronic value handler object will thereafter generate a receipt  1006  corresponding to the receipt of the transaction  1005  and send it. 
     The receipt  1006  is consisted of, as shown in  FIG. 16( d ) , a message header  1140 , a request number  1141  ( 1131 ), a transaction number  1142  ( 1132 ), an electronic value ID  1143  that corresponds to the destination of the receipt  1006 , a service control message  1144  by the service control module, a receipt information  1145 . After digitally signing  1146  all those components above by the merchant private key, encrypting them with the session key “B”  1136  included in the transaction  1005 , a message header  1148  will be appended thereto. 
     The electronic value object will decrypt the section  1147  that has been encrypted by the session key “B”  1136 , verify the merchant signature  1146 , check the request number  1111  and the transaction number  1132  to detect the service control message  1113 . If the receipt  1006  is correctly verified, the electronic value object will be determined to be the authentic one having a correct electronic value authentication key and a correct electronic value handler authentication key. Thereafter the electronic value handler object will create and transmit an acknowledge  1007  corresponding to the acknowledgement of the receipt  1006 . 
     The acknowledge  1007  is consisted of, as shown in  FIG. 16( e ) , a message header  1150 , with the electronic value signature  1151  by the electronic value private key for the receipt  1006  being added thereto. 
     The electronic value handler object will verify the electronic value signature  1151  and store the decrypted transaction and receipt if the signature is correct, to terminate the transaction processing. 
     The electronic value object, having sent the acknowledge  1007 , will store the electronic value data with the property value updated and the decrypted receipt into the smart card  307  to terminate the processing. At this point the variable property  802  of the electronic value will be again digitally signed by the electronic value private key. 
     In the transaction processing, the service control message set in each of the presentation  1003 , the instruction  1004 , the transaction  1005 , and the receipt  1006  will coerce the transaction settlement specific to each electronic value. The service control message may be set by the service control module and may be verified by the service control module of the other party. 
     In the presentation  1003 , the instruction  1004 , the transaction  1005 , and the receipt  1006  the data shown in  FIG. 24( a ), ( b ), ( c ) and ( d )  respectively will be set as the service control message after encoding. For example, in case of  FIG. 24( a ) , current properties of the electronic ticket will be presented, such as “number=1 start=“1999.07.23T00:00+0900” end=“2002.06.30T23:59+0900” used_flag=0 validity_flag=1 serial=0” for the service control module (ticket module) with ID “1” of the electronic value handler object, “prop=SS-A-28” for the service control module (property verification module) with ID “2”, “msg=” for the service control module (message setting module) with ID “3”, and will be checked at respective service control modules of the electronic value handler object. For example, if the electronic value handler is as shown in  FIG. 23  and the data is “prop=S-A-28”, then a verification error will occur. 
     In case of  FIG. 24( b ) , property update instruction will be presented, such as “number=0 start=“2002.06.30T12:25+0900” end=“2002.06.30T23:59+0900” used_flag=1 validity_flag=1 serial=1” for the service control module (ticket module) with ID “1” of the electronic value handler object, and “msg=“Special News available: http://www.yis.co.jp/news/20020630” for the service control module (message setting module) with ID “3”, and the properties of the appropriate service control modules in the electronic value object will be updated. 
     In case of  FIG. 24( c ) , properties of the electronic ticket after the update will be presented, such as “number=0 start=“2002.06.30T12:25+0900” end=“2002.06.30T23:59:+0900” used_flag=1 validity_flag=1 serial=1” for the service control module (ticket module) with ID “1” of the electronic value handler object, “prop=SS-A-28” for the service control module (property verification module) with ID “2”, “msg=“Special News available: http://www.yis.co.jp/news/20020630” for the service control module (message setting module) with ID “3”, and will be checked at respective service control modules of the electronic value handler object. 
     In case of  FIG. 24( d ) , the serial number used of the transaction  1005  will be presented such as “serial=1” for the service control module (ticket module) of the electronic value object with ID “1”, and will be checked at the ticket module of the electronic value object. 
     As the result of transaction processing as have been described above, for example, the variable property for the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17  will be as shown in  FIG. 25 . In this case, in particular, the MESSAGE_2 includes a message set by the merchant as “special News available: http://www.yis.co.jp/news/20020630” will be set as the result of the complete transaction processing, to be displayed in the “Detail” display of the electronic value on the LCD  200 . 
     The transaction processing between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service server  106  may be performed in a similar procedure to the processing between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105 , except for the fact that digital wireless communication is used instead of the IR communication. The transaction processing between the user terminal  107  and the service server  106  also will be performed in a similar procedure to the processing between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105 , through the communication channel  115 , the Internet  100 , and the digital communication line  114 . 
     As can be seen from the foregoing description, by combining the mobile user terminal  101  and service terminal  105 , and the electronic value and the electronic value handler in a manner as described above, a various types of transaction, i.e., a variety of electronic values may be defined, with a higher level of security being ensured, allowing miscellaneous configuration in the disposal operation by merchants to be maintained to a certain extent. 
     Next, the electronic value server  103  and the procedure of issuing an electronic value will be described in greater details. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 27 , there is shown a schematic block diagram of an electronic value server  103 . In  FIG. 27 , the electronic value server  103  may have an electronic value template database  2202  for managing the electronic value template data, which is the source data of the electronic values to be issued, an electronic value database  2203  for managing the generated electronic values, a user database  2204  for managing users of the mobile electronic commerce service, and an electronic value manager  2201  for communicating with the electronic value template database  2202 , the electronic value database  2203 , and the user database  2204  to generate electronic values. 
     The electronic value template database  2202  may manage the electronic value templates for each electronic value code (evCode), which indicates the type of electronic value. Now referring to  FIG. 28 , there is shown a schematic structure of one electronic value template data  2300  managed under the electronic value template database  2202 . 
     In  FIG. 28 , the electronic value template data  2300  is consisted of an electronic value template  2301 , a presentation control list  2302 , a presentation control generation rules  2303 , a presentation resource list  2304 , and a presentation resource generation rules  2305 . The electronic value template  2301  is a template of electronic values to be issues and is written in a specific markup language. The presentation control list  2302  is a list of presentation control information, written in a specific markup language applicable to the electronic values to be issues. The presentation control generation rules  2303  is a program script for selecting a presentation control section most suitable to a mobile user terminal (or a user terminal) from within the presentation control list  2302  in order to generate the presentation control section of electronic value. The presentation resource list  2304  is a list of image data and audio data that can be applied to the electronic values to be issued. The presentation resource generation rules  2305  is a program script for selecting image data and/or audio data appropriate for the mobile user terminal (or the user terminal) from within the presentation resource list  2304  to generate the presentation resource section of the electronic value. The presentation control list  2302  may include various presentation control information corresponding to various models of mobile user terminal (or user terminal). The presentation resource list  2304  may include a series of same image data in different resolutions, different number of colors, and different data formats, for the compatibility with various models of mobile user terminal (or user terminal), and a series of same audio data in different sampling frequency, and different data format. 
     When the electronic value template data  2300  is formed in this manner, the electronic value server  103  may issue an electronic value compatible and according to the type of mobile user terminal (or user terminal) 
     Now referring to  FIG. 29( a ) , there is shown the procedure of issuing an electronic value. 
     In response to the purchase order of an electronic value ( 2401 ), placed from the mobile user terminal  101  (browser  401 ) to the information server  102 , an electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ) will be sent from the information server  102  to the electronic value server  103 . Now referring to  FIG. 30( a ) , which shows a typical example of electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ). In the electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ) any necessary information for determining the electronic value to be issued such as the type of electronic value (evType) and the code of electronic value (evCode). For example, in case of the electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ) shown in  FIG. 30( a ) , an electronic value is requested to be issued, in that the electronic value type (evType) is “ticket”, electronic value code (evCode) is “0000300000000201”, the seat number in the electronic value property information (SEAT_NUM) is “SS-A-28”, the seat position (SEAT POS) is http://www.mts.com/ticket123/seat/SS-A-28”. 
     The electronic value server  103 , after having received an electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ), will attempt to send the session number ( 2403 ) to the information server  102  in order for the user to receive the electronic value requested, if the electronic value requested can be issued. The information server  102  after having received the session number ( 2403 ), will send to the mobile user terminal  101  (browser  401 ) the display data for operation upon receiving the electronic value ( 2404 ), in order to prompt the user to operate the terminal to receive the electronic value. The mobile user terminal  101  (browser  401 ) after having received the display data for electronic value reception ( 2404 ) will display a display screen as shown in  FIG. 10( g ) . 
     Now referring to  FIG. 26 , there is shown a typical example of the display data for electronic value reception ( 2404 ). The display data for the electronic value reception ( 2404 ) may include a session number for the user to receive an electronic value from the electronic value server  103 . 
     Next, when the user selects “Receive e-Value” menu item, the mobile user terminal  101  (browser  401 ) will execute the corresponding tag &lt;Go HREF=“wallet:///evReceive”&gt;. The mobile user terminal  101  (electronic wallet  400 ) will access the electronic value server  103  and use the user private key, the user certificate and the service provider certificate, all stored in the smart card  307 , to mutually authenticate each other with the electronic value server  103  to establish an encrypted session. After session established, the terminal will request the electronic value server  103  to issue an electronic value ( 2405 ) by using the session number as parameter for receiving the electronic value. 
     The electronic value server  103  after having received an issue request ( 2405 ) from the mobile user terminal  101  will transmit the terminal profile request ( 2406 ), a message requesting the terminal profile, which indicates properties such as the model and the display size of the mobile user terminal  101 . The mobile user terminal  101  upon reception of the terminal profile request ( 2406 ) in turn will reply to the electronic value server  103  with its terminal profile ( 2407 ). 
     Now referring to  FIG. 30( b ) , which shows a typical example of a terminal profile ( 2407 ) to be sent from a mobile user terminal  101  to an electronic value server  103 . In this example, the profile states that the model type of terminal (TerminalType) is “MT0001”, the type of browser application (BrowserType) is “B0001320A”, the type of electronic wallet application (eWalletType) is “W000A10B”, the screen size (Screen) is 160-by-200 pixels 8-bit color (160×200×8). 
     In the electronic value server  103  having received a terminal profile ( 2407 ), the electronic value manager  2201  will generate an electronic value corresponding to the type of the mobile user terminal  101  based on the received terminal profile ( 2407 ).  FIG. 31  shows the flow of generating an electronic value. 
     In  FIG. 31 , the electronic value manager  2201  will access the electronic value template database  2202  to select an electronic value template data  2300  (selecting an electronic value template  2601 ) indicated by the electronic value type (evType) and electronic value code (evCode) in the electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ). 
     Next, the electronic value manager  2201  will access the user database  2204  to retrieve the user information concerning the owner of the mobile user terminal  101 , and will generate an electronic value ID (evID), an electronic value private key (evPrivateKey) unique to the electronic value, and an electronic value certificate (evCertificate) for the key to generate the security information  804  of the electronic value in combination with the electronic value template  2301  of the electronic value template data  2300  selected (generating the security information  2602 ). 
     Thereafter, based on the electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ), the electronic value manager  2201  will generate the presentation card  801  and the variable property  802  of the electronic value from the electronic value template  2301  (generating the value property information  2603 ). At this point the presentation card  801  will be signed by the signature of the service provider, while the variable property  802  will be signed by the electronic value private key (evPrivateKey). 
     Then, based on the electronic value issuing request ( 2402 ), the electronic value manager  2201  will generate the service control of the electronic value from the electronic value template  2301  (generating the service control  2604 ). 
     Next, the electronic value manager  2201  will execute the program script of the presentation control generation rules  2303  to select a presentation control information appropriate for the received terminal profile ( 2407 ) from the presentation control list  2302 , add the electronic value Id (evID) to the selected presentation control information, digitally sign with the signature of service provider and finally generate the presentation control entity  1201  of the electronic value (generating the presentation control  2605 ). 
     After that the electronic value manager  2201  will execute the program script for the presentation resource generation rules  2305  to select image data and/or audio data appropriate for the received terminal profile ( 2407 ) from the presentation resource list  2304 , and convert thus selected image and/or audio data into the descriptive style compatible with the presentation resource to generate the display resource entity  1202  of the electronic value (generating the presentation resource  2606 ), and then will terminate the process. If there is no image and/or audio data suitable for the terminal profile ( 2407 ) in the presentation resource list  2304 , the electronic value manger  2201  may alternatively generate image and/or audio data appropriate for the terminal profile ( 2407 ) based on the data in the presentation resource list  2304 . 
     The electronic value manager  2201  of the electronic value server  103  will then register thus generated electronic value into the electronic value database  2203  and transmit it to the mobile user terminal  101  (step  2408 ). Now referring to  FIG. 32 , there is shown the data structure of the electronic value written in a specific markup language and registered in the electronic value database  2203 , corresponding to the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 . This data structure is almost same to the electronic value stored in the smart card  307  in the mobile user terminal  101  as shown in  FIG. 17 , except for the part at the beginning of markup language description, “&lt;Description about=“http://www.evalue.com/evalue 1000000000000000000000000000000”&gt;”. This indicates that the electronic value shown in  FIG. 32  is managed in the electronic value database  2203  under the identifier http://www.evalue.com/evalue/10000000000000000000000000000001. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  having received the new electronic value, will generate the electronic value data, store it in the smart card  307 , and register the electronic value to the electronic wallet  400 . The electronic value at this time will be updated such that the first line description will be “&lt;Description about=“wallet:///Evalue/ev00000033”&gt;”, as is shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     By combining the electronic value server  103 , mobile user terminal  101 , and the data structure of electronic value as have been described above, an electronic value suitable to the type of mobile user terminal  101  may be issued. 
     In cases in which the smart card  307  storing electronic values are connected to a mobile user terminal of another type having different display screen size in order to use an electronic value, or the smart card  307  storing electronic values is inserted into a smart card reader/writer  701  on the user terminal  107  in order to use an electronic value at the user terminal  107 , for example, the presentation control entity  1201  and the presentation resource entity  1202  compatible with that terminal will be downloaded thereto to display electronic values in the style most suitable for that terminal. Now referring to  FIG. 29( b ) , which depicts the downloading procedure of the presentation control entity  1201  and the presentation resource entity  1202  in such a case. 
     At first, the mobile user terminal  101  (or the user terminal  107 ) will request for the presentation control section entity (request for presentation control  2411 ) on the basis of the URI of the entity of the presentation control section, defined by the representation control  805  in the electronic value (e.g., “http://www.evalue.com/evalue/ev_0000300000000201/RpCtrl”, in case of the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 ). In response to the request for presentation control  2411 , the electronic value server  103  (URL=http://www.evalue.com) will reply to the mobile user terminal  101  a terminal profile request  2412 , which is a message requesting the terminal profile that indicates the properties including the type, model screen size and the like of the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ). The mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ) having received the terminal profile request  2406  will reply to the electronic value server  103  the terminal profile ( 2413 ). The electronic value server  103  having received the terminal profile  2413  will follow the similar procedure to generating the presentation control  2605  in the case of creating an electronic value, in order to generate a presentation control suitable for the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ) and transmit thus generated presentation control section ( 2414 ) to the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ). 
     Then, the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ) will request for the entity of presentation resource (presentation resource request  2415 ) on the basis of the URI of the entity of the presentation resource section, defined by the representation resource  806  in the electronic value (e.g., “http://www.evalue.com/evalue/ev_0000300000000201/RpRes” in case of the electronic value shown in  FIG. 17 ). In reply to the request for the presentation resource request  2415 , the electronic value server  103  (URL=http://www.evalue.com) will follow the similar procedure to generating the presentation resource  2606  in the case of creating an electronic value, in order to generate a presentation resource suitable for the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ) and transmit thus generated presentation resource section ( 2416 ) to the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ). 
     The mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ) will use the presentation control (entity) and presentation resource (entity) downloaded from the electronic value server  103  and the electronic value data stored in the smart card  307  for generating an electronic value object to be displayed on the display screen in a most suitable arrangement. 
     At this point, only the portion concerning the presentation of electronic value will be modified in accordance with the type of the mobile user terminal  101  (or user terminal  107 ). This indicates that any improper use or abuse of this facility may not alter the presentation card  801 , variable property  802 , service control  803 , and security information  804  of the electronic value in an unauthorized manner. 
     As can be appreciated from the foregoing description, by combining the electronic value server  103 , mobile user terminal  101 , user terminal  107  and the data structure of electronic value in a manner as have been described above, the security against any unauthorized attempt to alter the electronic value may be ensured while at the same time a variety of electronic values in a large expressive power may be processed, in correspondence with the terminal profile of the terminal that presents electronic values (for example, mobile user terminal  101  and user terminal  107 ). This will allow not only a colorful electronic value to be presented and processed, but also electronic values to be used as a sort of PR media. In the latter case, a variety of applications may be devised such as discount sale of electronic values to the appropriate user by rebating the user a part of advertisement income of the service provider, or distribution of electronic values to the users as reward of contest, and this system may encourage the use of mobile electronic commerce service. 
     It should be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above system, IR communication is used as means of communication between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105 , any other wireless communications may be used. In such a case the mobile user terminal  101  may have a wireless communication means according to the wireless communication system to be used, instead of the digital communication channel  111 , and the service terminal  105  may have a wireless communication means according to the wireless communication system to be used, instead of the IR communication adapter  602 . 
     In the foregoing description, a mobile user terminal  101  of the mobile electronic commerce system may comprise the most suitable hardware set in order to achieve facilities used in the mobile electronic commerce service. However these facilities may be effectuated by providing a computer, which include a digital wireless communication, IR communication, a smart card reader/writer, a display, a keyboard (or touch-pen input device and the like), a microphone, and a speaker. In such a case the program stored in the FeRAM  301  may be converted to a software program executable on the OS (operating system) used in the computer and stored in somewhere the computer may find and execute it (e.g., on a hard disk drive). 
     Second Embodiment 
     This embodiment of the invention has been devised for arranging the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  in order to substantialize more stable transaction processing between a mobile user terminal and service terminal in the mobile electronic commerce system in accordance with the first embodiment described above, with no harm in the user operability. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  in accordance with the present embodiment may have, as shown in  FIG. 33( a ) and ( b ) , and  FIG. 34 , an IR communication port  211  (IR module) as well as a Bluetooth communication module  2800 . The service terminal  105  on the other hand may have, as shown in  FIG. 35 , An IR communication adapter  602  and a Bluetooth communication adapter  3000 . Both the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  may use both communication means of IR and Bluetooth for the transaction processing. 
     In operation, the user will direct the IR port (IR communication module)  211  of the mobile user terminal  101  toward the IR communication adapter  602  of the service terminal  105  to have the transaction process, as was described in the preceding embodiment, and simply perform the starting operation of the transaction process (i.e., press the function key assigned for running the process). At this time, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will cooperate to process the transaction settlement on the basis of procedure as will be described below. 
     Between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  to which the IR communication port  211  is pointed, IR communication will be started for exchanging any necessary information for commencing Bluetooth communication (including the device address, session number, and the like). Then, based on the information exchanged by IR communication (device address session number), a Bluetooth communication session will be established between the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105 . Thereafter, five messages as described in the preceding embodiment, including the presentation  1003 , instruction  1004 , transaction  1005 , receipt  1006 , and acknowledge  1007  will be transacted by Bluetooth prior to terminate the processing. 
     As can be seen from the above description, as the preliminary stage prior to start Bluetooth communication, an IR communication with a narrower directivity shape may be used for exchanging any necessary information for starting Bluetooth communication (including the device address and session number). The Bluetooth communication may be selectively started with the selected other party, even when the other party is unspecific, by an intuitive and simple operation of directing the IR port to the receiver. With respect to the procedure before the Bluetooth communication session has been established a number of patterns of embodiments may be achievable. In the following discussion two typical exemplary procedures will be described. 
     [First Exemplary Procedure Pattern] 
     Now referring to  FIG. 36( a ) and ( b ) , which shows respectively the procedures performed in the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  in case of this first pattern. 
     In this procedure, the service terminal  105  continues to transmit through IR communication, the Initiation message, a message indicating the communication procedure with the service terminal  105  (procedure step  3109 ) until a user will operate his/her mobile user terminal to start the transaction and the service terminal  105  will receive the authentication request (procedure step  3110 ). 
     Here, the Initiation message includes the device address of the service terminal  105  in the Bluetooth environment, and a session number for identifying the Bluetooth communication session that is arbitrary configured by the service terminal. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  on the other hand, will receive the initiation message from the service terminal  105  via the iR communication port (IR module)  211  when the user operates the start operation of transaction (procedure step  3101 ). Then the mobile user terminal  101  will locate the service terminal  105  from the Bluetooth device list, based on the Bluetooth device address of the service terminal included in the initiation message (procedure step  3102 ) and request for the authentication in Bluetooth to the service terminal  105  (procedure step  3103 ). 
     Then, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will mutually authenticate each other on the basis of the Bluetooth authentication procedure in respective procedure steps  3104  and  3111 , and will establish a Bluetooth session in their respective procedure steps  3105  and  3112 . 
     Next, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will check the session number in their respective procedure steps  3106  and  3113 . More specifically, the mobile user terminal  101  will send via Bluetooth to the service terminal  105  the session number included in the initiation message. The service terminal  105 , on the other hand, will check a match between the received session number with the session number that the terminal has transmitted as part of the initiation message to distinguish the Bluetooth session. 
     Then, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will exchange, in their respective procedure steps  3107  and  3114 , a series of five messages, i.e., a Bluetooth presentation  1003 , instruction  1004 , transaction  1005 , receipt  1006  and acknowledge  1007 . In procedure steps  3108  and  3115 , the Bluetooth session will be terminated to complete the transaction. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  may display an error message on the display a21-00 explaining the error details and abort the transaction, when a corresponding service terminal  105  is not found in the Bluetooth device list in the procedure step  3102 ; an error has been occurred during the Bluetooth authentication in the procedure step  3104 ; an error has been occurred during the Bluetooth session number check in the procedure step  3106 ; or an error has been occurred during exchange of five messages in the procedure step  3107 . 
     The service terminal  105  will abort the processing when an error has been occurred during the Bluetooth authentication in the procedure step  3111 ; when an error has been occurred during the session number check in the procedure step  3113 ; or when an error has been occurred during exchange of five messages in the procedure step  3114 . 
     In the above example, although the mobile user terminal  101  may receive the initiation message from the service terminal  105  through the IR communication in procedure step  3101 , initiation messages may alternatively by exchanged mutually therebetween by sending an initiation message from the mobile user terminal  101  to the service terminal  105  through the IR communication. In this case, the initiation message transmitted from the mobile user terminal  101  to the service terminal  105  may include the Bluetooth device address of the mobile user terminal  101  and the session number identifying the Bluetooth session that is arbitrary configured by the mobile user terminal  101 . The mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  may check their arbitrary session number each other in their respective procedure steps  3106  and  3113  to mutually authenticate each other that the opponent is the one to which the initiation message was exchanged via IR communication. This allows the communication security to be further improved. 
     In the above description, although a case has been described in which both the IR and Bluetooth are used, it can be conceivable that the information specifying the communication means to be used for the exchange of five messages may be included in the initiation message. For example, if the IR communication is specified, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will use the IR, not Bluetooth to exchange five messages to complete the transaction processing. 
     [Second Exemplary Procedure Pattern] 
     Now referring to  FIG. 37( a ) and ( b ) , which shows the transaction processing procedure in the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  in case of second pattern. 
     In this procedure, the mobile user terminal  101  will continue to transmit through IR communication, the initiation message, a message indicating the communication procedure with the mobile user terminal  101  (procedure step  3201 ) when a user will operate his/her mobile user terminal to start the transaction, until it will receive the authentication request in Bluetooth from the service terminal (procedure step  3202 ). In this case the initiation message may include the Bluetooth device address of the mobile user terminal  101 , and the session number identifying the Bluetooth communication session that is arbitrary configured by the mobile user terminal. 
     The service terminal  105 , on the other hand, will receive the initiation message from the mobile user terminal  101  via the IR communication port (IR module)  211  when the user operates the start operation of transaction (procedure step  3208 ). Then, the service terminal will locate the mobile user terminal  101  from the Bluetooth device list, based on the Bluetooth device address of the mobile user terminal included in the initiation message (procedure step  3209 ) and request for the authentication in Bluetooth to the mobile user terminal  101  (procedure step  3210 ). 
     Then, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will mutually authenticate each other in respective procedure steps  3203  and  3211  on the basis of the Bluetooth authentication procedure, and will establish a Bluetooth session in their respective procedure steps  3204  and  3212 . 
     Next, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will check the session number in their respective procedure steps  3205  and  3213 . More specifically, the service terminal  105  will send via Bluetooth to the mobile user terminal  101  the session number included in the initiation message. The mobile user terminal  101 , on the other hand, will check a match between the received session number with the session number that the terminal has transmitted as part of the initiation message to distinguish the Bluetooth session. 
     Then, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will exchange, in their respective procedure steps  3206  and  3214 , a series of five messages, i.e., a Bluetooth presentation  1003 , instruction  1004 , transaction  1005 , receipt  1006  and acknowledge  1007 . In procedure steps  3207  and  3215 , the Bluetooth session will be terminated to complete the transaction. 
     The mobile user terminal  101  may display an error message on the display  200  explaining the error details and abort the transaction when an error has been occurred during the Bluetooth authentication in the procedure step  3203 ; when an error has been occurred during the Bluetooth session number check in the procedure step  3205 ; or when an error has been occurred during exchange of five messages in the procedure step  3206 . 
     The service terminal  105  will abort the processing, when a corresponding mobile user terminal  101  is not found in the Bluetooth device list in the procedure step  3209 ; when an error has been occurred during the Bluetooth authentication in the procedure step  3211 ; when an error has been occurred during the session number check in the procedure step  3213 ; or when an error has been occurred during exchange of five messages in the procedure step  3214 . 
     In the above description, although the service terminal  105  may receive the initiation message from the mobile user terminal  101  through the IR communication in procedure step  3201 , the initiation messages may alternatively be exchanged mutually therebetween by sending an initiation message from the service terminal  105  to the mobile user terminal  101  via IR. In this case, the initiation message transmitted from the service terminal  105  to the mobile user terminal  101  may include the Bluetooth device address of the service terminal  105  and the session number identifying the Bluetooth session that is arbitrary configured by the service terminal  105 . The mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  may check their arbitrary session number each other in their respective procedure steps  3205  and  3213  to mutually authenticate each other that the opponent is the one to which the initiation message was exchanged via IR communication. This allows the communication security to be further improved. 
     In the above description, although a case has been described in which both the IR and Bluetooth are used, it can be conceivable that the information specifying the communication means to be used for the exchange of five messages may be included in the initiation message. For example, if the IR communication is specified, the mobile user terminal  101  and the service terminal  105  will use the IR, without Bluetooth, to exchange five messages to complete the transaction processing. 
     EFFECT OF THE INVENTION 
     As can be appreciated from the foregoing description, in accordance with the invention, an electronic wallet may provide means for storing and managing electronic information including an inherent private key and its certificate, as well as information signed with the private key. The validity of the electronic information may thereby be proved by itself to ensure the anonymity. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, the information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. In addition, the fixed property information and presentation control information, both singed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to generate the presentation data from all three information items. The validity of the electronic information may be thereby proved by itself to ensure the anonymity. 
     Further in accordance with the invention, the information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. In addition, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to include the information for obtaining the presentation control information. The information defined by the issuer of the electronic information may be incorporated in the electronic information. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. In addition, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to include the information for obtaining the presentation resource signed or not signed by the issuer of the electronic information to generate the presentation data from all three information items. The validity of the electronic information may be thereby proved by itself to ensure the anonymity. In addition the information defined by the issuer of the electronic information may be incorporated in the electronic information. 
     Furthermore in accordance with the invention, information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. Moreover, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to include the information for obtaining the presentation resource signed or not signed by the issuer of the electronic information. The validity of the electronic information may be thereby proved by itself to ensure the anonymity. In addition the information defined by the issuer of the electronic information may be incorporated in the electronic information. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. Moreover, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to include the authentication key of the electronic information handler, to have said electronic information handler perform the transaction processing with another terminal having the electronic information in order to authenticate the electronic information handler by the authentication key of the electronic information handler, allowing the security to be improved. 
     Yet in accordance with the invention, information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. Moreover, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to include the information for obtaining the presentation control information, the information for obtaining the presentation resource, and the authentication key of the electronic information handler. The electronic information handler may be authenticated by the authentication key of the electronic information handler, allowing the security to be improved. 
     Still further in accordance with the invention, information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. Moreover, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to include the service control information, which may also define the transaction processing performed with the electronic information. By updating the service control information, various electronic information may be defined. 
     Furthermore in accordance with the invention, information signed with the private key as similar to the electronic information stored in the electronic wallet is variable property information. Moreover, the fixed property information signed by the issuer of the electronic information may be provided so as to additionally include the information for obtaining the presentation control information, the information for obtaining the presentation resource, the authentication key of the electronic information handler, and the service control information. 
     Therefore updating the service control information may define various electronic information. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, means for generating electronic information object from electronic information and controlling said electronic information may be provided, so as for said electronic information object to embed the transaction data based on said service control information into each message to be exchanged when performing the transaction processing. This allows the security to be improved without increasing the amount of data since the electronic information object updates and signs to the electronic information. 
     In addition, in accordance with the invention, the service control information may be composed of a combination of service control module information. Changing the combination of service control module information may also define various electronic information. 
     Still further in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the transaction settlement message on the basis of the service control information that will be embedded into each messages to be exchanged at the time of settlement may be a message from the electronic information requesting the transaction settlement to the electronic information handler, allowing the transaction in various electronic information to be processed more economically and efficiently. 
     Yet in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the settlement message on the basis of the service control information embedded into each message to be exchanged at the time of the settlement may be the message from the electronic information handler to the electronic information for instructing the update of property values. This allows the settlement in various electronic information to be performed at higher efficiency. 
     Also further in accordance with the present invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the settlement message on the basis of the service control information embedded into each message to be exchanged at the time of the settlement may be the message from the electronic information to the electronic information handler for indicating the result of update of the property values. This allows the transaction settlement in various electronic information to be performed at higher efficiency. 
     Also in accordance with the invention, when the electronic information object performs the settlement, the settlement message on the basis of the service control information embedded into each message to be exchanged at the time of the settlement may be a message that may correspond to a receipt from the electronic information handler to the electronic information. This allows the settlement in various electronic information to be performed at higher efficiency.