Patent Publication Number: US-2023164421-A1

Title: Method, system and computer program product for divided processing in providing object detection focus

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Computer-implemented visual object detection and recognition is understood by those skilled in the art as pertaining to locating and classifying visual representations of real-life objects found in still images or video captured by a camera. By performing visual object recognition, each visual object found in the still images or video is classified according to its type (such as, for example, human, vehicle, or animal). 
     Automated security systems typically employ video cameras and/or other image capturing devices or sensors to collect image data (such as video). Images represented by the image data may be displayed for contemporaneous screening by security personnel and/or recorded for later review after a security breach. Computer-implemented visual object detection and recognition can greatly assist security personnel and others in connection with these sorts of activities. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the accompanying figures similar or the same reference numerals may be repeated to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. These figures, together with the detailed description, below are incorporated in and form part of the specification and serve to further illustrate various embodiments of concepts that include the claimed invention, and to explain various principles and advantages of those embodiments. 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of connected devices of a video security system according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG.  2 A  is a block diagram of a set of operational modules of the video security system according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG.  2 B  is a block diagram of a set of operational modules of the video security system according to one particular example embodiment in which a video analytics module, a video management module, and storage are wholly implemented on each of a video capture device and a server. 
         FIG.  3    is a flow chart illustrating a computer-implemented method in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    is a diagram of an example background image that may be employed in connection with the example embodiment of  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  5    is a diagram of an example segmentation mask that may be employed in connection with the example embodiment of  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram of an example binary mask that may be employed in connection with the example embodiment of  FIG.  3   . 
     
    
    
     Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     The system, apparatus, and method components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with one example embodiment, there is provided a computer-implemented method that includes receiving, for at least a time duration, video data at an input of a computing system. The computing system includes a first video analytics determinator that, over a first full length execution period, consumes a first processor resource allocation that is too large to be suitable for continuous repeated employment within a single camera device. The computing system also includes a second video analytics determinator, provided on the single camera device. The second video analytics determinator has a second full length execution period, and consumes a second processor resource allocation taken from the single camera device. The second video analytics determinator is suitable for being repeatedly employed, and being at least substantially continuously active during such time when being repeatedly employed. The computer-implemented method also includes infrequently employing the first video analytics determinator to provide a partial object detection focus in first information that informs as to where moving objects are likely and unlikely to appear within video frames in respect of the video data. The computer-implemented method also includes repeatedly employing the second video analytics determinator on the video data over the time duration, and informed by the first information, to provide a refined object detection focus in second information. 
     In some implementations, the above-mentioned first video analytics determinator may provide third information as to at least one frame area where the moving objects are likely to become at least partially occluded, temporarily, by one or more static objects. In response to the third information: i) an exit location of a tracked moving object, adjacent the at least one frame area, may be predicted to facilitate a tracking resumption in relation to the tracked moving object, or ii) a search around a plurality of boundaries of the at least one frame area is carried out after the tracked moving object becomes occluded. 
     In accordance with another example embodiment, there is provided a computing system that has an input, in operative association with an image sensor of a camera device, to receive video for at least a time duration during computing system operation. The computing system includes a first video analytics determinator configured to consume a first processor resource allocation, over a first full length execution period of the first video analytics determinator, that is too large to be suitable for continuous repeated employment within the camera device. The first video analytics determinator is also configured to provide, by infrequently employment thereof within the computing system, a partial object detection focus in first information that informs as to where moving objects are likely and unlikely to appear within video frames in respect of the video. The computing system also includes a second video analytics determinator, provided on the camera device, that has a second full length execution period. The second video analytics determinator is configured to consume a second processor resource allocation taken from the camera device. The second video analytics determinator is also configured to informatively employ the first information to determine a refined object detection focus, and to provide the refined object detection focus in second information. The second video analytics determinator is repeatedly employed on video data of the video over the time duration. The second video analytics determinator is also at least substantially continuously active during such time when being repeatedly employed. 
     Each of the above-mentioned embodiments will be discussed in more detail below, starting with example system and device architectures of the system in which the embodiments may be practiced, followed by an illustration of processing blocks for achieving an improved technical method, device, and system for divided processing in providing object detection focus. 
     Example embodiments are herein described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to example embodiments. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a special purpose and unique machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. The methods and processes set forth herein need not, in some embodiments, be performed in the exact sequence as shown and likewise various blocks may be performed in parallel rather than in sequence. Accordingly, the elements of methods and processes are referred to herein as “blocks” rather than “steps.” 
     These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus that may be on or off-premises, or may be accessed via the cloud in any of a software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), or infrastructure as a service (IaaS) architecture so as to cause a series of operational blocks to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide blocks for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. It is contemplated that any part of any aspect or embodiment discussed in this specification can be implemented or combined with any part of any other aspect or embodiment discussed in this specification. 
     The term “object” as used herein is understood to have the same meaning as would normally be given by one skilled in the art of video analytics, and examples of objects may include moving objects such as, for instance, humans, vehicles, animals, etcetera. Examples of objects also include static objects such as, for instance, buildings, roads, fixtures, etcetera. Also, it will be understood that sometimes certain objects (such as, for example, humans, vehicles, etcetera) may be temporarily static. Thus, where appropriate for the context, the term moving object as used herein may include objects that are temporarily static at a certain point in time, but are moving (or expected to be moving) at a different point in time. 
     The term “video data” as used herein includes actual video, video metadata, or a combination of both. 
     Further advantages and features consistent with this disclosure will be set forth in the following detailed description, with reference to the figures. 
     Referring now to the drawings, and in particular  FIG.  1   , therein illustrated is a block diagram of connected devices of a video security system  100  according to an example embodiment. The video security system  100  includes hardware and software that perform the processes and functions described herein. 
     The video security system  100  includes a video capture device  108  being operable to capture a plurality of images and produce image data representing the plurality of captured images. The video capture device  108  or camera device  108  is an image capturing device and includes security video cameras. 
     Each video capture device  108  includes an image sensor  116  for capturing a plurality of images. The video capture device  108  may be a digital video camera and the image sensor  116  may output captured light as a digital data. For example, the image sensor  116  may be a CMOS, NMOS, or CCD. In some embodiments, the video capture device  108  may be an analog camera connected to an encoder. 
     The image sensor  116  may be operable to capture light in one or more frequency ranges. For example, the image sensor  116  may be operable to capture light in a range that substantially corresponds to the visible light frequency range. In other examples, the image sensor  116  may be operable to capture light outside the visible light range, such as in the infrared and/or ultraviolet range. In other examples, the video capture device  108  may be a multi-sensor camera that includes two or more sensors that are operable to capture light in same or different frequency ranges. 
     The video capture device  108  may be a dedicated camera. It will be understood that a dedicated camera herein refers to a camera whose principal features is to capture images or video. In some example embodiments, the dedicated camera may perform functions associated with the captured images or video, such as but not limited to processing the image data produced by it or by another video capture device  108 . For example, the dedicated camera may be a security camera, such as any one of a pan-tilt-zoom camera, dome camera, in-ceiling camera, box camera, and bullet camera. 
     Additionally, or alternatively, the video capture device  108  may include an embedded camera. It will be understood that an embedded camera herein refers to a camera that is embedded within a device that is operational to perform functions that are unrelated to the captured image or video. For example, the embedded camera may be a camera found on any one of a laptop, tablet, drone device, smartphone, video game console or controller. 
     Each video capture device  108  may include a processor  124 , a memory device  132  coupled to the processor  124  and a network interface. The memory device can include a local memory (such as, for example, a random access memory and a cache memory) employed during execution of program instructions. The processor executes computer program instructions (such as, for example, an operating system and/or application programs), which can be stored in the memory device. 
     In various embodiments the processor  124  may be implemented by any suitable processing circuit having one or more circuit units, including a digital signal processor (DSP), graphics processing unit (GPU) embedded processor, a visual processing unit or a vision processing unit (both referred to herein as “VPU”), etc., and any suitable combination thereof operating independently or in parallel, including possibly operating redundantly. Such processing circuit may be implemented by one or more integrated circuits (IC), including being implemented by a monolithic integrated circuit (MIC), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), etc. or any suitable combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, such processing circuit may be implemented as a programmable logic controller (PLC), for example. The processor may include circuitry for storing memory, such as digital data, and may comprise the memory circuit or be in wired communication with the memory circuit, for example. 
     In various example embodiments, the memory device  132  coupled to the processor circuit is operable to store data and computer program instructions. Typically, the memory device is all or part of a digital electronic integrated circuit or formed from a plurality of digital electronic integrated circuits. The memory device may be implemented as Read-Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory, one or more flash drives, universal serial bus (USB) connected memory units, magnetic storage, optical storage, magneto-optical storage, etc. or any combination thereof, for example. The memory device may be operable to store memory as volatile memory, non-volatile memory, dynamic memory, etc. or any combination thereof. 
     In various example embodiments, a plurality of the components of the video capture device  108  may be implemented together within a system on a chip (SOC). For example, the processor  124 , the memory device  132  and the network interface may be implemented within an SOC. Furthermore, when implemented in this way, a general purpose processor and one or more of a GPU or VPU, and a DSP may be implemented together within the SOC. 
     Continuing with  FIG.  1   , each of the video capture devices  108  is connected to a network  140 . Each video capture device  108  is operable to output image data representing images that it captures and transmit the image data over the network. 
     It will be understood that the network  140  may be any suitable communications network that provides reception and transmission of data. For example, the network  140  may be a local area network, external network (such as, for example, a WAN, or the Internet) or a combination thereof. In other examples, the network  140  may include a cloud network. 
     In some examples, the video security system  100  includes a processing appliance  148 . The processing appliance  148  is operable to process the image data output by a video capture device  108 . The processing appliance  148  also includes one or more processors and one or more memory devices coupled to a processor (CPU). The processing appliance  148  may also include one or more network interfaces. For convenience of illustration, only one processing appliance  148  is shown; however it will be understood that the video security system  100  may include any suitable number of processing appliances  148 . 
     For example, and as illustrated, the processing appliance  148  is connected to a video capture device  108  which may not have memory  132  or CPU  124  to process image data. The processing appliance  148  may be further connected to the network  140 . 
     According to one example embodiment, and as illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the video security system  100  includes a workstation  156 , each having one or more processors including graphics processing units (GPUs). The workstation  156  may also include storage memory. The workstation  156  (which in some examples is absent from the video security system  100 ) receives image data from at least one video capture device  108  and performs processing of the image data. The workstation  156  may further send commands for managing and/or controlling one or more of the video capture devices  108 . The workstation  156  may receive raw image data from the video capture device  108 . Alternatively, or additionally, the workstation  156  may receive image data that has already undergone some intermediate processing, such as processing at the video capture device  108  and/or at a processing appliance  148 . The workstation  156  may also receive metadata from the image data and perform further processing of the image data. The received metadata may include, inter alia, object detection and classification information. 
     It will be understood that while a single workstation  156  is illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the workstation may be implemented as an aggregation of a plurality of workstations. 
       FIG.  1    also depicts a server  176  that is communicative with the camera devices  108 , the processing appliance  148 , and the workstation  156  via the network  140  and an Internet-Of-Things hub  170  (“IOT hub”). The server  176  may be an on-premises server or it may be hosted off-site (such as, for example, a public cloud). The server  176  comprises one or more processors  172 , one or more memory devices  174  coupled to the one or more processors  172 , and one or more network interfaces. As with the camera devices  108 , the memory device  174  can include a local memory (such as, for example, a random access memory and a cache memory) employed during execution of program instructions. The processor  172  executes computer program instructions (such as, for example, an operating system and/or application programs), which can be stored in the memory device  174 . In at least some example embodiments, circuitry or other implementations of the processor  124  and memory device  132  of the camera devices  108  may also be used for the processor  172  and memory device  174  of the server  176 . In at least some example embodiments, the IOT hub  170  is a cloud-hosted, managed service that bi-directionally connects the server  176  to the rest of the network  140  and the devices connected to it, such as the camera device  108 . The IOT hub  170  may, for example, comprise part of the Microsoft™ Azure™ cloud computing platform, and the server  176  may accordingly be cloud-hosted using the Microsoft™ Azure™ platform. Different example embodiments are possible. For example, the IOT hub  170  may be replaced with one or more of an Ethernet hub, router, and switch (managed or unmanaged), regardless of whether the server  176  is cloud-hosted. The server  176  may additionally or alternatively be directly connected to any one or more of the other devices of the video security system  100 . Further, while use of the IOT hub  170  implies that the server  176  is networked to a large number of Internet-connected computing appliances, this may be the case in certain embodiments and not in others. For example, the video security system  100  may comprise a very large number of the camera devices  108 ; alternatively, the video security system  100  may comprise only a handful of camera devices  108  and other network-connected devices or appliances, and the IOT hub  170  may nonetheless still be used. 
     Any one or more of the camera devices  108 , processing appliance  148 , and workstation  156  may act as edge devices that communicate with the server  176  via the network  140  and IOT hub  170 . Any of the edge devices may, for example, perform initial processing on captured video and subsequently send some or all of that initially processed video to the server  176  for additional processing. 
     The video security system  100  further includes a pair of client devices  164  (two shown for purposes of illustration; however any suitable number is contemplated). In  FIG.  1   , a first client device  164  is connected to the network  140 , and a second client device  164  is connected to the server  176 . The client device  164  is used by one or more users to interact with the video security system  100 . Accordingly, the client device  164  includes a display device and a user input device (such as, for example, a mouse, keyboard, or touchscreen). (The workstation  156  may, in some examples, include similar devices as well.) The client device  164  is operable to display on its display device a user interface for displaying information, receiving user input, and playing back video (the workstation  156  may, in some examples, include a similar user interface as well). For example, the client device may be any one of a personal computer, laptop, tablet, personal data assistant (PDA), cell phone, smart phone, gaming device, and other mobile device. 
     The client device  164  is operable to receive image data over the network  140  and is further operable to playback the received image data. A client device  164  may also have functionalities for processing image data. For example, processing functions of a client device  164  may be limited to processing related to the ability to playback the received image data. In other examples, image processing functionalities may be shared between the workstation  156  and one or more client devices  164 . In still other examples, image processing functionalities may be shared amongst two or more of the video capture devices  108 , the one or more client devices  164 , the processing appliance  148 , and the workstation  156 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2 A , therein illustrated is a block diagram of a set  200  of operational modules of the video security system  100  according to one example embodiment. The operational modules may be implemented in hardware, software or both on one or more of the devices of the video security system  100  as illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The set  200  of operational modules includes video capture modules  208  (two shown for purposes of illustration; however any suitable number is contemplated). For example, each video capture device  108  may implement a video capture module  208 . The video capture module  208  is operable to control one or more components (such as, for example, sensor  116 ) of a video capture device  108  to capture images. 
     The set  200  of operational modules includes a subset  216  of image/video data processing modules. For example, and as illustrated, the subset  216  of image/video data processing modules includes a video analytics module  224  and a video management module  232 . 
     The video analytics module  224  receives image data and analyzes the image data to determine properties or characteristics of the captured image or video, of objects found in the scene represented by the image or video, etcetera. Based on the determinations made, the video analytics module  224  may further output metadata providing information about the determinations. Examples of determinations made by the video analytics module  224  may include one or more of foreground/background segmentation, object detection, object tracking, object classification, virtual tripwire, anomaly detection, facial detection, facial recognition, license plate recognition, identifying objects “left behind” or “removed”, unusual motion, and business intelligence. However, it will be understood that other video analytics functions known in the art may also be implemented by the video analytics module  224 . The video analytics module  224  may include one or more neural networks (for example, one or more convolutional neural networks) to implement artificial intelligence functionality. The size, power and complexity of these neural networks may vary based on factors related to design choice such as, for example, where the neural network will reside. For instance, a neural network residing on the video capture device  108  may be smaller and less complex than a neural network residing in the server  176 . 
     The video analytics module  224  may include a plurality of sub-modules. For instance, the video analytics module  224 ′ includes video analytics determinator  280  (described in more detail later herein) and other sub-modules  281  (such as, for example, a learning machine observations sub-module, one or more categorizer sub-modules, etcetera). Also, the video analytics module  224 ″ includes video analytics determinator  282  (described in more detail later herein) and other sub-modules  283  (such as, for example, classification refinement submodule, appearance search learning machine, etcetera). 
     Continuing on, the video management module  232  receives image data and performs processing functions on the image data related to video transmission, playback and/or storage. For example, the video management module  232  can process the image data to permit transmission of the image data according to bandwidth requirements and/or capacity. The video management module  232  may also process the image data according to playback capabilities of a client device  164  that will be playing back the video, such as processing power and/or resolution of the display of the client device  164 . The video management module  232  may also process the image data according to storage capacity within the video security system  100  for storing image data. 
     The set  200  of operational modules further include a subset  240  of storage modules (storage). For example, and as illustrated, the subset  240  of storage modules include a video storage module  248  and a metadata storage module  256 . The video storage module  248  stores image data, which may be image data processed by the video management module. The metadata storage module  256  stores information data output from the video analytics module  224 . Also, it is contemplated that training data as herein described may be stored in suitable storage device(s). More specifically, image and/or video portions of the training data may be stored in the video storage module  248 , and metadata portions of the training data may be stored in the metadata storage module  256 . 
     It will be understood that while video storage module  248  and metadata storage module  256  are illustrated as separate modules, they may be implemented within a same hardware storage whereby logical rules are implemented to separate stored video from stored metadata. In other example embodiments, the video storage module  248  and/or the metadata storage module  256  may be implemented using hardware storage using a distributed storage scheme. 
     The set of operational modules further includes video playback modules  264  (two shown for purposes of illustration; however any suitable number is contemplated), which are operable to receive image data and playback the image data as a video. For example, the video playback module  264  may be implemented on a client device  164 . 
     In some example embodiments, some functionalities of an operational module of the set  200  may be partly implemented on a first device while other functionalities of an operational module may be implemented on a second device. For example, video analytics functionalities may be split between two or more of the video capture device  108 , processing appliance  148 , server  176 , and workstation  156 . Similarly, video management functionalities may be split between two or more of a video capture device  108 , processing appliance  148 , server  176 , and workstation  156 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2 B , therein illustrated is a block diagram of a set  200  of operational modules of the video security system  100  according to one particular example embodiment in which the video analytics module  224 , the video management module  232 , and the storage  240  is wholly implemented on each of the camera device  108  and the server  176 . The video analytics module  224 , the video management module  232 , and the storage  240  may additionally or alternatively be wholly or partially implemented on one or more processing appliances  148 . The video playback module  264  is implemented on each of the client devices  164 , thereby facilitating playback from either device. As mentioned above in respect of  FIG.  1   , the video analytics implemented on the camera device  108  and on the server  176  may complement each other. 
     It will be appreciated that allowing the subset  216  of image/video data processing modules to be implemented on a single device or on various devices of the video security system  100  allows flexibility in building the video security system  100 . 
     For example, one may choose to use a particular device having certain functionalities with another device lacking those functionalities. This may be useful when integrating devices from different parties (such as, for example, manufacturers) or retrofitting an existing video security system. 
       FIG.  3    is a flow chart illustrating a computer-implemented method  300  in accordance with an example embodiment. The illustrated computer-implemented method  300  includes receiving ( 310 ), for at least a time duration, video data at an input of a computing system that includes a first video analytics determinator and a second video analytics determinator. For instance, when the set  200  of operational modules of  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B  implement the example embodiment of  FIG.  3   , the second video analytics determinator and the first video analytics determinator may be the video analytics determinator  280  and the video analytics determinator  282  respectively. Furthermore, the video data may be captured by the image sensor  116  of the camera device  108  ( FIG.  1   ) and transmitted to an input of the video analytics module  224 ′ (which forms a part of the aforementioned computing system). 
     Over a first full length execution period, the (first) video analytics determinator  282  consumes a first processor resource allocation that is too large to be suitable for continuous repeated employment within a single one of the camera devices  108 . Regarding the (second) video analytics determinator  280 , this is provided on a single one of the camera devices  108  and has a second full length execution period, that consumes a second processor resource allocation (taken from the camera device  108 ). The second video analytics determinator is suitable for being repeatedly employed, and at least substantially continuously active during such time when being repeatedly employed. 
     Next, the computer-implemented method  300  includes infrequently employing ( 320 ) the first video analytics determinator (for example, video analytics determinator  282 ) to provide a partial object detection focus in first information that informs as to where moving objects are likely and unlikely to appear within video frames in respect of the video data. 
     In some examples, operation of the video analytics determinator  282  includes generating a semantic segmentation mask in connection with a masking preparation and application process. For instance, as a first action in the masking preparation and application process, a plurality of frames can be selected from video captured by one of the camera devices  108  (for example, the video management module  232  may create a handler to intercept frames) and then these frames may be averaged to construct a background image (i.e. as understood by those skilled in the art, such averaging may remove moving objects).  FIG.  4    is a diagram of an example background image  400  constructed in this manner. 
     As a next action in the masking preparation and application process, the constructed background image (or, more generally, some suitable form of scene image information) may be transmitted to the video analytics determinator  282 . For example, the background image  400  may be sent from the camera device  108 , over the network  140 , to the server  176 . The image file format for the background image  400  may any suitable format such as, for instance, PNG, JPG, etc. 
     As a next action in the masking preparation and application process, the background image is employed by the video analytics determinator  282  to generate a semantic segmentation mask/image. For example, the server  176  may include a semantic segmentation learning machine (such as, for instance, a convolutional neural network) that takes the background image  400  as input and generates semantic segmentation mask/image. In its initial form, the semantic segmentation mask/image may divide areas of the frame based on determined static object types such as, for example, pole, vegetation, sky, building, fence, etcetera.  FIG.  5    illustrates an example segmentation mask  500  (derived from the previously described background image  400 ). Various distinguishable mask parts  510 ,  520 ,  530 ,  540 ,  550  and  580  are shown (in some examples, each of these parts may be given a corresponding color, with different colors for different static object types). In  FIG.  5   , the part  510  is building, the part  520  is pole, the part  530  is sidewalk, the part  540  is terrain, the part  550  is road, and the part  580  is fence. 
     Continuing on, as a next action in the masking preparation and application process, a binary mask is derived from the initial semantic segmentation mask/image.  FIG.  6    is a diagram of an example binary mask  600 . The black areas of the binary mask  600  are areas where moving objects are unlikely to appear, and the white areas of the binary mask  600  are areas where moving objects are likely to appear. Also, it should be understood that while in some examples one of two values is expected for each respective area (i.e. either yes—likely, or no—not likely), other examples may contemplate any suitable number of values more than two such as, for example, four possible values: i) 00=very unlikely; ii) 01=somewhat unlikely; iii) 10=somewhat likely; iv) 11=very likely. 
     Also, it is contemplated that one or more different binary masks for a different purpose than the binary mask  600  may be generated. For example, a tracker binary mask may be generated from the segmentation mask  500  where areas where occlusions are likely (for example, fence class, pole class, etcetera) are shown the opposite of areas where occlusions are not likely (for example, road class, terrain class, etcetera). 
     In some examples, the binary mask  600  is generated on the camera  108  that originally sent the background image (and it is generated after the camera receives the segmentation mask used to generate it). In other alternative examples, the binary mask is transmitted to the camera  108  (i.e. the camera that originally sent the background image) for use therein. For example, the binary mask  600  may be sent from the server  176 , over the network  140 , to the camera  108 . Alternatively, the binary mask  500 , before being sent to the camera via an XML string pipeline, may be converted to a base64 string. Other alternative example implementations that will be apparent to those skilled in the art, including those that may include one or more application programming interface(s), are also contemplated. 
     In addition to what has already been described above in relation to the video analytics determinator  282 , information outputted from the video analytics determinator  282  may also inform as to frame area(s) where moving objects are likely to become at least partially occluded, temporarily, by one or more static objects (i.e. assuming movement to behind, not in front of, the one or more static objects). Static objects that may cause temporary occlusion include, for example, poles, vegetation, fences, certain types of buildings, etc. In response to this additional information, a tracking policy for a tracked moving object may be temporarily modified when the tracked moving object approaches the impacted frame area(s). As just one example of a tracking policy response/modification, so-called Kalman predictions generated within the computing system may be kept alive for longer frames when a tracked moving object approaches the at least one frame area. Thus, in accordance with some example embodiments, tracking policy may be informed by interactions between objects and the scene. In some examples, this may produce a benefit of reducing so-called object identification switching, where a moving object is incorrectly assigned a new object identification after re-emerging upon re-appearance from behind a temporary occlusion. Furthermore, in some examples even using machine learning to predictively learn occlusion exit point(s), or changing the type of tracker to account for potential occlusions is also contemplated. In regards to the latter, the tracker may, for example, be changed from a Kalman-type tracker to an appearance-type tracker (changes between other types of suitable trackers is also contemplated). 
     Continuing on and with reference once again to  FIG.  3   , the computer-implemented method  300  also includes repeatedly employing ( 330 ) the second video analytics determinator (for example, the video analytics determinator  280 ) on the video data over the time duration, and informed by the first information, to provide a refined object detection focus in second information. 
     In some examples, the refined object detection focus in second information provided by the comprises video analytics determinator  280  comprises a plurality of region proposals. In one example, region proposals in connection with object detection and tracking may be generated as described in US Pat. Publ. No. 2020/0097769 entitled “REGION PROPOSAL WITH TRACKER FEEDBACK”. In other examples, region proposals in connection with object detection and tracking may be generated in some other manner such as, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 11,170,267 entitled “METHOD, SYSTEM AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR REGION PROPOSALS”. Also, regarding the binary mask  600  previously discussed, it will be understood that this or similar masks are intended to be employed in the generation of region proposals. In particular, the binary mask  600  may be employed as an information source in the creation of region proposals such as, for example, scores may be created for respective regions of the binary mask  600 , and these may be added into (or weighted into) the final score for the proposed regions. 
     As should be apparent from this detailed description above, the operations and functions of the electronic computing device are sufficiently complex as to require their implementation on a computer system, and cannot be performed, as a practical matter, in the human mind. Electronic computing devices such as set forth herein are understood as requiring and providing speed and accuracy and complexity management that are not obtainable by human mental steps, in addition to the inherently digital nature of such operations (e.g., a human mind cannot interface directly with RAM or other digital storage, cannot transmit or receive electronic messages, electronically encoded video, electronically encoded audio, etc., and cannot communicatively interface with an object detector to inform the object detector as to the parts of video frames within which to operate, among other features and functions set forth herein). 
     In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present teachings. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made during the pendency of this application and all equivalents of those claims as issued. 
     Moreover in this document, relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “has”, “having,” “includes”, “including,” “contains”, “containing” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises, has, includes, contains a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “comprises . . . a”, “has . . . a”, “includes . . . a”, “contains . . . a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises, has, includes, contains the element. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless explicitly stated otherwise herein. The terms “substantially”, “essentially”, “approximately”, “about” or any other version thereof, are defined as being close to as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, and in one non-limiting embodiment the term is defined to be within 10%, in another embodiment within 5%, in another embodiment within 1% and in another embodiment within 0.5%. The term “one of”, without a more limiting modifier such as “only one of”, and when applied herein to two or more subsequently defined options such as “one of A and B” should be construed to mean an existence of any one of the options in the list alone (e.g., A alone or B alone) or any combination of two or more of the options in the list (e.g., A and B together). 
     A device or structure that is “configured” in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed. 
     The terms “coupled”, “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can have a mechanical or electrical connotation. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through intermediate elements or devices via an electrical element, electrical signal or a mechanical element depending on the particular context. 
     It will be appreciated that some embodiments may be comprised of one or more generic or specialized processors (or “processing devices”) such as microprocessors, digital signal processors, customized processors and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and unique stored program instructions (including both software and firmware) that control the one or more processors to implement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all of the functions of the method and/or apparatus described herein. Alternatively, some or all functions could be implemented by a state machine that has no stored program instructions, or in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), in which each function or some combinations of certain of the functions are implemented as custom logic. Of course, a combination of the two approaches could be used. 
     Moreover, an embodiment can be implemented as a computer-readable storage medium having computer readable code stored thereon for programming a computer (e.g., comprising a processor) to perform a method as described and claimed herein. Any suitable computer-usable or computer readable medium may be utilized. Examples of such computer-readable storage mediums include, but are not limited to, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and a Flash memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     Further, it is expected that one of ordinary skill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and many design choices motivated by, for example, available time, current technology, and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts and principles disclosed herein will be readily capable of generating such software instructions and programs and ICs with minimal experimentation. For example, computer program code for carrying out operations of various example embodiments may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, Python, or the like. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of various example embodiments may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on a computer, partly on the computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the computer and partly on a remote computer or server or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer or server may be connected to the computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
     The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in various embodiments for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter.