Patent Publication Number: US-2021187520-A1

Title: Vortex venturi water spraying assembly

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates generally to water spraying apparatus including but not limited to showerheads and faucets. 
     Spray heads are commercially available in numerous designs and configurations for use in showers, faucets, spas, sprinklers and other personal and industrial systems. Spray heads may be categorized as being either stationary or oscillating and may have fixed or adjustable openings. Stationary spray heads with fixed jets are the simplest construction consisting of a central conduit which connects a water source to one or more spray jets directed to produce a constant pattern. Multi-function spray heads are able to deliver water in different spray patterns such as a fine spray, a coarse spray, a pulsating spray, or even a flood pattern producing a high fluid flow. 
     Many conventional showerheads simply convey the inlet water stream into a desired spray pattern. Many water supply systems are supplied by well water. This water usually has a low level of dissolved oxygen in the water. Many rural well supplies have less than one part per million of dissolved oxygen in the water. The low level of dissolved oxygen results in less cleaning action and may have a foul smell. As a result, these showerheads utilize more water when showering because it takes longer to clean one&#39;s body than an air aspirating type showerhead. With less dissolved oxygen in the water, more water is used, and more energy is used to heat the water. 
     In addition, as the world population increases, more water supplies are derived from deep wells. Water from these wells generally has a very low level of dissolved oxygen. The level may be less than one part in a million. This reduces the probability of oxidation of the piping used to deliver the water, however, the water having a low level of dissolved oxygen is less pleasant for the user and does not clean as well as aerated water that is enriched with oxygen. 
     In attempts to overcome these problems, showerheads have been developed that include a venturi to introduce air molecules into the water. However, it would be desirable to increase the amount of air introduced into the flow of water. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Briefly, in accordance with the invention, an improved water spraying assembly is provided which includes at least one primary spray head nozzle, and which may include one or more ancillary nozzles. The water spraying assembly has particular application for use within a showerhead. Accordingly, the preferred water spraying assembly is described as a showerhead assembly. However, the water spraying assembly has application for any water spraying device including faucets, hose nozzles, agricultural spray nozzles, etc. 
     Much of the preferred showerhead assembly has a relatively traditional construction including a showerhead housing having a central conduit for transporting water from a water supply to one or more spray nozzles which spray water. The showerhead housing is connected to a water source by a neck portion which preferably includes a female threaded inlet which connects to a male threaded pipe which provides the source of water. The showerhead assembly&#39;s neck portion is the introduction of the showerhead&#39;s central conduit which transports water at least partially through the showerhead assembly&#39;s housing to be expelled from the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet. Preferably, the neck portion includes a ball joint which enables the showerhead housing to swivel or pivot relative to a male threaded pipe. 
     The showerhead assembly includes at least one primary nozzle which includes a venturi. More specifically, the primary nozzle includes a tubular sidewall forming a central chamber, a nozzle inlet for receiving water and a nozzle outlet for spraying water. The nozzle chamber includes a constricted section which forms a venturi having a low-pressure region within the nozzle chamber. The constricted section has a pressure that is less than the ambient air pressure when water flows through the nozzle. Meanwhile, the nozzle includes at least one hole which projects through the nozzle&#39;s sidewall within or immediately downstream of the constricted section of the nozzle. Preferably, the nozzle has at least two holes which project through the nozzle&#39;s sidewall at opposing sides of the nozzle&#39;s constricted section. 
     To increase the velocity of the water as it passes over the nozzle&#39;s holes, the showerhead assembly includes a vortex chamber which is located between the shower assembly&#39;s fluid conduit and the showerhead assembly&#39;s nozzle. The vortex chamber has an entrance which connects to the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet and an exit which connects to the nozzle&#39;s inlet. The vortex chamber may be constructed in various ways as could be determined by one skilled in the art so as to take the received water and spin it around very fast, and then introduce the swirling water into the nozzle&#39;s inlet. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the vortex chamber has a cap immediately downflow of the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet. The cap diverts the water radially outward in all directions, and then the water is diverted inwardly between a plurality of blades which are arranged uniformly around the nozzle&#39;s longitudinal axis. Each of the blades has an outer periphery and an interior side. Further, each of the blades are arranged around the longitudinal axis and are spaced apart so as to form passageways that swirl inwardly around the nozzle&#39;s longitudinal axis. When the water passes from the exterior of the blades to the interior of the blades, water is caused to rotate within the vortex chamber until being expelled into the nozzle&#39;s interior where the water continues to rotate. As a result of the water having to travel both longitudinally and rotationally past the nozzle&#39;s holes, the vortex chamber has increased the velocity of the water and the resulting venturi effect as air molecules are being introduced to the water stream. The increase in oxygen in the water increases the size of the water droplets, and increases the force of the water ejected from the nozzle&#39;s outlet compared to prior showerhead assemblies. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the showerhead assembly&#39;s housing encapsulates the nozzle&#39;s sidewall, but not the nozzle&#39;s outlet. The housing is radially spaced from the nozzle&#39;s sidewall to form an annular cavity in fluid communication with the one or more holes which project through the nozzle&#39;s sidewall. Moreover, it is preferred that the housing engage the nozzle&#39;s outlet, but that the housing include a plurality of notches positioned circumferentially around the nozzle&#39;s outlet. The notches permit the passage of ambient air from exterior of the showerhead assembly into the annular cavity. Once in the annular cavity, air can be aspirated through the holes into the water stream. 
     Thus, it is the object of the present invention to provide a spray head assembly having an improved venturi effect compared to previous showerheads. 
     It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a spray head assembly having an improved venturi effect which increases the size of the water droplets. 
     Furthermore, it is still another object of the present invention to provide a spray head assembly having an improved venturi effect which increases the velocity of the water and force exerted by the water which is expelled from the nozzle&#39;s outlet. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other, further and more specific objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description thereof, taken in conjunction with the Drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the showerhead assembly of the present invention connected to a pipe; 
         FIG. 2  is a top perspective view of the showerhead assembly&#39;s nozzle and vortex chamber&#39;s interior; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective cutaway view of the nozzle and vortex chamber illustrated in  FIG. 2  with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the vortex chamber&#39;s passageways into the nozzle&#39;s inlet; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective cutaway view of the nozzle and vortex chamber illustrated in  FIG. 2  with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the vortex chamber into the nozzle&#39;s central chamber; 
         FIG. 5  is a top perspective view of the showerhead assembly&#39;s nozzle and vortex chamber with arrows illustrating the passage of air through the nozzle&#39;s holes; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective cutaway view of the nozzle and vortex chamber illustrated in  FIG. 5  with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the vortex chamber and into the nozzle&#39;s inlet; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective cutaway view of the nozzle and vortex chamber illustrated in  FIG. 5  with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the vortex chamber and through the nozzle; 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of an embodiment of the showerhead assembly&#39;s nozzle; 
         FIG. 9  is a side cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s vortex chamber and nozzle; 
         FIG. 10  is a side cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s vortex chamber and nozzle with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the vortex chamber into the nozzle&#39;s inlet; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit outlet, vortex chamber and nozzle; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit outlet, vortex chamber and nozzle with arrows illustrating the passage of water to the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit outlet, vortex chamber and nozzle with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet to the vortex chamber; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit outlet, vortex chamber and nozzle with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet and the center of the vortex chamber; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly with arrows illustrating the passage of water through the fluid conduit, vortex chamber and nozzle, and arrows illustrating air entering the nozzle holes; and 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective cutaway view illustrating the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit outlet, vortex chamber and nozzle with arrows illustrating the passage of water expelled from the nozzle outlet, and with arrows illustrating the passage of air through the holes. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in various forms, as shown in the drawings, hereinafter will be described the presently preferred embodiments of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the invention, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1-16 , the spray head of the present invention is illustrated as a showerhead assembly  1  which includes three primary components including: a fluid conduit  2 , a vortex chamber  41 , and a primary nozzle  9 . In addition, the showerhead assembly may include a housing  13 , and any number of ancillary nozzles  11 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , both the primary nozzle  9  and any ancillary nozzles  11  are located within the housing  13 . In the event that the showerhead assembly  1  contains a plurality of different nozzles, preferably the showerhead assembly  1  includes a manual controller  15  in the form of a tab or the like for allowing one to selectively obstruct or permit the flow of water  63  through the primary nozzle and/or the ancillary nozzles. 
     The fluid conduit  2  connects the nozzles  9  and  11  to a water source  61 . Preferably, the water source consists of a male threaded pipe  61  which is typically found in a traditional shower stall. The fluid conduit  2  has an inlet  3  for receiving water, an outlet  4  for expelling water, and a body for conveying water  63  from the inlet  3  to the outlet  4 . Preferably, the fluid conduit&#39;s inlet  3  includes a female threaded neck  5  for connecting to the water supply&#39;s male threaded pipe  61  and a ball joint  7  which allows the housing  13  to pivot or swivel relative to the male threaded pipe  61 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2-16 , the primary nozzle  9  has a tubular sidewall  17  with an inlet  19 , a central chamber  21 , and an outlet  23 . As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the nozzle&#39;s tubular sidewall  17  has a central axis  29 , which is also referred to herein as the nozzle&#39;s longitudinal axis. As understood by those skilled in the art, the nozzle&#39;s outlet  23  preferably has a radially outward tapered construction which sprays water upon the person taking a shower. 
     Importantly, the primary nozzle  9  has a constricted section  25  which causes an increase in water velocity, which in turn creates a venturi reaction. More specially, the constricted section  25  has a decreased cross-section which increases the velocity of water flowing through the nozzle. The increased water velocity causes a low-pressure region to form within the constricted section  25 . 
     As best illustrated in  FIGS. 5-10 , nozzle  9  has at least one hole  27  which projects through the nozzle&#39;s sidewall  17 . The nozzle may include any number of holes  29 . However, in the preferred embodiments illustrated in the Figures, the nozzle includes two holes located on opposite sides of the nozzle. Importantly, the nozzle holes  27  project through the nozzle&#39;s sidewall  17  either within the nozzle&#39;s constricted section  25  or immediately downstream of the constricted section  25 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 8-10 , the nozzle  9  may include any number of circumferential ribs  31  for supporting an O-ring and for maintaining structural stability of the nozzle within the housing  13 . 
     The showerhead assembly  1 , and particularly the nozzle construction  9 , uses the venturi principle to aspirate air into the shower water stream to produce oxygen enriched water. As water flows through the nozzle, the low-pressure area within the venturi aspirates air through the one or more nozzle holes so as to mix water and air together. The quicker the water flow, the greater the pressure differential and resulting introduction of air into the water. As illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 7 and 16 , the result is aerated water  67  that has become enriched with dissolved oxygen. The nozzle sprays this fine mixture of water droplets and entrained air from the nozzle&#39;s outlet  23 . 
     The showerhead assembly  1  further includes a vortex chamber  41  which is located between the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit  2  and primary “venturi” nozzle  9 . As best illustrated in  FIGS. 5-7 , the vortex chamber is constructed to receive water from the fluid conduit  2  and rotate the water into a swirling mass before being communicated to the nozzle&#39;s inlet  19 . To swirl the water, vortex chamber has a cap  43  which directs water radially outward, before the water  63  is diverted inward between blades  45 . Each of the blades  45  have a blade periphery  47  and a blade interior  49 . Further, each of the blades  45  are spaced apart from one another to form passageways  51  which extend radially, at least partially, perpendicular to the nozzle&#39;s longitudinal axis  29 . Preferably, and as illustrated in  FIGS. 5-10 , the passageways  51  extend perpendicular to the nozzle&#39;s longitudinal axis, in other words at 90° relative to the direction that the nozzle sprays water. Furthermore, as illustrated best in  FIGS. 5-7 , each of the blades  45  are angled in a swirling pattern so that the blades interior surface  49  causes water passing through the passageways  51  to swirl within the middle of the vortex chamber  41 . Once water  63  within the vortex chamber has begun to swirl, the water&#39;s only place to escape is through the nozzle&#39;s inlet  19  into the nozzle&#39;s central chamber  21 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 12 , in operation, water  63  flows through the showerhead assembly&#39;s fluid conduit  2  until reaching the fluid conduit&#39;s outlet  4  where the water strikes and is diverted radially outward by the cap  43 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , water then engages the vortex chamber&#39;s blades  45  which divert the water through the passageways  51 . The blades  45  induce a swirling action as illustrated in  FIGS. 6, 7, 15 and 16 . The water  63  then continues to rotate through the nozzle&#39;s inlet  19  past the nozzle&#39;s holes  27  and into the nozzle&#39;s central chamber  21 . As a result of the increased water velocity caused by the nozzle&#39;s constricted section  25  and the swirling action induced by the vortex chamber  41 , air  65  is sucked through the nozzle&#39;s holes  27 . This results in a mixture of water  63  and air  65  creating an oxygen enriched water  67  which is expelled from the nozzle&#39;s outlet  23 . 
     The venturi nozzle with vortex chamber construction can be incorporated into any shower assembly. However, in the preferred embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the shower assembly  1  has a housing  13 . The shower assembly&#39;s housing  13  encapsulates the nozzle&#39;s sidewall  17 , but is spaced apart from the sidewall  17  so as to create an annular cavity. Furthermore, the housing includes a plurality of openings which allow air to enter into the annular cavity. The openings may be located anywhere on the housing. However, in the preferred embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the housing has notches  35  which are located between the interface of the housing and the nozzle&#39;s outlet  23 . The notches  35  form openings in the housing which allow air  65  to be sucked into the showerhead assembly&#39;s annular cavity. Once in the annular cavity, the air  65  can then be aspirated through the nozzle&#39;s holes  27  into the water stream  63  so as to create the aerated water  67 . As a result in the enhanced venturi effect provided by the vortex chamber, the aerated water  67  has an increased water droplet size which is expelled from the nozzle&#39;s outlet  23  with increased force. 
     While a preferred showerhead assembly has been illustrated and described, it would be apparent that various modifications of the showerhead assembly can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited except by the following claims. Having described my invention in such terms to enable a person skilled in the art to understand the invention, recreate the invention, and practice it, and having identified the presently preferred embodiments thereof, I claim: