Patent Publication Number: US-2022217703-A1

Title: Dynamic resource allocation in wireless network

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES 
     The present application for patent is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/007,772 by ABEDINI, et al., entitled “DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN WIRELESS NETWORK,” filed Jun. 13, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/530,719 by ABEDINI, et al., entitled “DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN WIRELESS NETWORK,” filed Jul. 10, 2017; each of which is assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The following relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to dynamic resource allocation in wireless network. 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). 
     Wireless communications systems may include access nodes to facilitate wireless communication between user equipment and a network. For example, an LTE base station may provide a mobile device access to the internet via the LTE wireless network. Access nodes typically have a high-capacity, wired, backhaul connection (e.g., fiber) to the network. In some deployments, however, it may be desirable to deploy a larger number of access nodes in a small area to provide acceptable coverage to users. In such deployments, it may be impracticable to connect each access node to the network via a wired connection. 
     SUMMARY 
     The described techniques provide for a backhaul network that may be established between access nodes and/or base stations. Backhaul resources may be allocated to different wireless communication links between different base stations, and in some cases local redistribution of resources among base station may be utilized to account for variations in signal quality and/or variations in traffic experienced by different nodes of the backhaul network. In some cases, access node functions (ANFs) and user equipment functions (UEFs) may be configured at base stations, and backhaul resources may be allocated between ANFs and one or more UEFs, in which the ANF may provide access to a high-capacity wired connection to a UEF. In cases where a first ANF determines a need for additional backhaul resources, the first ANF may transmit a request message to one or more UEFs for additional backhaul resources. A UEF that receives the request message may forward the request to an associated second ANF. The second ANF, if it has backhaul resources available that the first ANF can use, may send a response to the first ANF, via the associated UEF, and the first ANF may use the additional resources that were originally allocated to the second ANF. In some cases, the backhaul resources may be time resources, frequency resources, code resources, spatial resources (e.g., directional transmission beams), or any combinations thereof. 
     A method of wireless communication is described. The method may include establishing a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, identifying, at the first ANF, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period, transmitting a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, receiving, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and selecting one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for establishing a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, means for identifying, at the first ANF, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period, means for transmitting a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, means for receiving, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and means for selecting one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, identify, at the first ANF, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period, transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, receive, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. 
     A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, identify, at the first ANF, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period, transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, receive, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the transmitting the request message comprises formatting a request indication in a control channel configured in the wireless backhaul communications link. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the control channel comprises resources that may be pre-allocated among a plurality of ANFs and a plurality of UEFs. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message may be transmitted in an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the selecting one or more of the available resources comprises selecting one or more of time-multiplexed resources, frequency multiplexed resources, code division multiplexed resources, spatially multiplexed resources, or any combination thereof. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the available resources comprise resources on one or more directional transmission beams, and wherein the spatially multiplexed resource comprise resources on one or more of the directional transmission beams. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of the selected resources to one or more other ANFs or UEFs. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting backhaul data using the one or more selected resources. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message may be forwarded by the UEF to a second ANF associated with the UEF, and wherein the indication may be received from the second ANF. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for identifying a second ANF collocated at the first base station with the first ANF. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the request message to a second ANF. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for identifying a second UEF collocated at the first base station with the first ANF. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the request message to the second UEF. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message includes an indication of a type of resources requested by the first ANF. 
     A method of wireless communication is described. The method may include establishing a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, receiving, at the UEF, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, and forwarding the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for establishing a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, means for receiving, at the UEF, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, and means for forwarding the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, receive, at the UEF, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, and forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. 
     A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, receive, at the UEF, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, and forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the second ANF, an indication of one or more available resources. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for forwarding the indication to the first ANF. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the forwarding the request message comprises determining to forward the request message to the second ANF via a wireless backhaul link with the second ANF or to forward the request message to the second ANF that may be collocated with the UEF at the second base station. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message includes a request for one or more of time-multiplexed resources, frequency multiplexed resources, code division multiplexed resources, spatially multiplexed resources, or any combination thereof. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the requested resources comprise resources on one or more directional transmission beams, and wherein the spatially multiplexed resource comprise resources on one or more of the directional transmission beams. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of the selected resources from the first ANF. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for forwarding the indication of the selected resources to the second ANF. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message may be transmitted in an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message may be received on an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel configured in the wireless backhaul communications link. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the uplink control channel and downlink control channel comprise resources that may be pre-allocated among a plurality of ANFs and a plurality of UEFs. 
     A method of wireless communication is described. The method may include establishing a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF), receiving, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF, identifying, at the first ANF, one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message, and transmitting a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. 
     An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for establishing a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF), means for receiving, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF, means for identifying, at the first ANF, one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message, and means for transmitting a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF), receive, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF, identify, at the first ANF, one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message, and transmit a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. 
     A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF), receive, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF, identify, at the first ANF, one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message, and transmit a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the receiving comprises receiving the request message from the UEF, wherein the UEF may be established at a second base station and the second ANF may be established at a third base station. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the receiving comprises receiving the request message from the UEF, wherein the UEF may be established at the first base station. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the receiving comprises receiving the request message from the second ANF, wherein the second ANF may be established at the first base station. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the request message may be transmitted in an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of one or more selected resources of the available resources from the second ANF. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for refraining from transmitting backhaul data using the one or more selected resources. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a system for wireless communication that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a communications network that supports dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a communications network that supports dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a schedule that supports dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a communication swim diagram that supports dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate examples of network connection diagrams that support dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 7A-7C  illustrate examples of indication message transmission diagrams that support dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an example of resource allocation in a synchronized frame structure that supports dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates another example of resource allocation in a synchronized frame structure that supports dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 10 through 12  show block diagrams of a device that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a block diagram of a system including a base station that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 14 through 19  illustrate methods for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     According to some aspects of the disclosure, wireless backhaul links may be used to couple an access node (AN) to a network in place of high-capacity, wired backhaul link (e.g., fiber). An AN may be a base station in a wireless communications system, for example, although other network devices may serve as an AN (e.g., a user equipment (UE) in a peer-to-peer or device-to-device communication system may serve as an AN). In some systems, a first AN may establish a wireless backhaul link to a second AN, which may have a high-capacity, wired backhaul link. In this manner, the first AN may communicate access traffic to the network via the second AN through the combination of the wireless backhaul link and the wired backhaul link (e.g., a multi-hop link). In some examples, a backhaul network may use multiple wireless backhaul links before reaching a wired backhaul link. The backhaul network may also provide robustness via topological redundancy. In such networks, backhaul resources may be allocated to different wireless communication links between different ANs or base stations. 
     In some cases, an AN may determine that its allocated backhaul resources may be insufficient to support traffic needs for certain periods of time, due to, for example, local variations in load or channel conditions. Techniques are described herein that provide local redistribution of resources among ANs or base stations, and may be utilized to account for variations in signal quality and/or variations in traffic experienced by different nodes of the backhaul network. 
     In some cases, access node functions (ANFs) and user equipment functions (UEFs) may be configured at nodes (e.g., base stations) in a backhaul system, and backhaul resources may be allocated between ANFs and one or more UEFs, in which the ANF may provide access to a high-capacity wired connection to a UEF, either directly or through another ANF. In cases where a first ANF determines a need for additional backhaul resources, the first ANF may transmit a request message to one or more UEFs for additional backhaul resources. A UEF that receives the request message may forward the request to an associated second ANF. The second ANF, if it has backhaul resources available that the first ANF can use, may send a response to the first ANF, via the associated UEF, and the first ANF may use the additional resources that were originally allocated to the second ANF. In some cases, the backhaul resources may be time resources, frequency resources, code resources, spatial resources (e.g., directional transmission beams), or any combinations thereof. 
     Thus, when load conditions change or when the network topology changes, e.g. due to changes in channel conditions, link failure or addition/departure of nodes, the resources may be redistributed to swiftly and locally shift resources in response to availability and demand. 
     To reduce interference with other signals, frequencies different from those used for the access network may be used to establish wireless backhaul links. In another example, the same frequencies may be used for both access and backhaul network (e.g., in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, or a self-backhauling network). For example, millimeter waves, such as those used in 5G cellular technologies, may be used to establish wireless backhaul links between ANFs and UEFs. In addition, beamforming techniques may be used to direct a wireless communication link to a neighboring AN. It should be appreciated that wireless links between ANs are suitable for beamforming techniques because ANs are stationary (i.e., they do not change physical locations) and ANs may have large antenna arrays that may be capable of producing highly focused pencil beams. 
     Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  100  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system  100  includes base stations or access nodes  105 , UEs  115 , and a core network  130 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may be a 5G, LTE, or LTE-Advanced network. Wireless communications system  100  may support one or more node functions that enable resource allocation and scheduling between access nodes  105 . 
     Access nodes  105  may wirelessly communicate with UEs  115  via one or more access node antennas. Each access node  105  may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area  110 . Communication links  125  shown in wireless communications system  100  may include UL transmissions from a UE  115  to an access node  105 , or DL transmissions, from an access node  105  to a UE  115 . UEs  115  may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system  100 , and each UE  115  may be stationary or mobile. A UE  115  may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE  115  may also be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a handheld device, a personal computer, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, an appliance, an automobile, or the like. 
     Access nodes  105  may communicate with the core network  130  and with one another. For example, access nodes  105  may interface with the core network  130  through a first set of backhaul links  132  (e.g., S1, etc.). Access nodes  105  may communicate with one another over a second set of backhaul links  134  (e.g., X2, etc.) either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network  130 ). Such backhaul links  134  may be wired or wireless. In addition, such backhaul links may form a backhaul network to relay traffic from a UEF at an originating access node  105  to an ANF at an access node  105  with a wired connection to the desired network. Access nodes  105  may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with UEs  115 , or may operate under the control of an access node controller (not shown). In some examples, access nodes  105  may be macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or the like. Access nodes  105  may also be referred to as eNodeBs (eNBs)  105 . 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, and OFDMA systems. A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for one or more multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as a user equipment (UE). 
     Some wireless communications systems may operate in millimeter wave (mmW) frequency ranges, e.g., 28 GHz, 40 GHz, 60 GHz, etc. Wireless communication at these frequencies may be associated with increased signal attenuation, e.g., path loss, which may also be influenced by various factors, such as temperature, barometric pressure, diffraction, etc. As a result, signal processing techniques, such as beamforming, may be used to coherently combine energy and overcome path losses at these frequencies. Further, wireless communication links achieved through beamforming may be associated with narrow beams (e.g., “pencil beams”) that are highly directional, minimize inter-link interference, and provide high-bandwidth links between access nodes. Dynamic beam-steering and beam-search capabilities may further support, for example, discovery, link establishment, and beam refinement in the presence of dynamic shadowing and Rayleigh fading. Additionally, communication in such mmW systems may be time division multiplexed, where a transmission may be directed to one wireless device at a time due to the directionality of the transmitted signal. 
     Wireless communications networks may employ backhaul links (e.g., backhaul link  132  or backhaul link  134 ) as a connection between a core network and wireless nodes within the wireless communications network. For example, wireless communications system  100  may include multiple access nodes  105  (e.g., base stations, remote radio heads, etc.), where at least one access node  105  is coupled to a wireline backhaul link, such as an optical fiber cable. However, due to the widespread deployment of access nodes  105  within a given region, installing wireline backhaul links to each access node  105  within a network may be cost prohibitive. Therefore, some of the access nodes  105  within wireless communications system  100  may not be directly coupled to the core network  130  or to another access node  105  via a wired backhaul link, and may use other means, such as wireless backhaul links, to communicate backhaul traffic. For instance, cellular RATs may be used to provide backhaul links between multiple access nodes  105  and a core network  130 . In such cases, the access nodes  105  may wirelessly communicate backhaul access traffic to a high-capacity fiber point (e.g., a location where a wireless node is coupled with a wireline link to core network  130 ). 
     While mobile access may sometimes be associated with single-hop communication links between a source and destination (e.g., an asymmetric link), wireless backhaul communications may support multi-hop transport and provide robustness through topological redundancy (e.g., alternative paths for data exchange within a wireless communications network). Accordingly, underlying links using wireless backhaul communications may be symmetric in nature and use large-scale resource coordination among the wireless communication links. 
     In some cases, cellular RATs, such as mmW-based RATs, may be used to support access traffic between UEs  115  and access nodes  105 , in addition to backhaul access traffic among multiple access nodes  105 . Moreover, both access and backhaul traffic may share the same resources (e.g., as in the case of integrated access and backhaul (TAB)). Such wireless backhaul or TAB solutions may be increasingly beneficial with the evolution of cellular technologies due to enhancements in wireless link capacity and reduction in latency. Further, the use of wireless backhaul links may reduce the cost of dense small cell deployments. 
     In some cases, an access link using a mmW-based RAT may be designed as an asymmetric single-hop link, which may be used for assigning control and scheduling tasks to an access node  105  while providing instruction to one or more UEs  115  for scheduling communication. In such cases, an access node  105  may coordinate wireless resources among multiple UEs  115 , while each UE  115  may be assigned to one access node  105  at a time. In some cases, inter-access node links may be symmetric in nature and may form mesh topologies for enhanced robustness, where wireless transport may occur along multiple hops. 
     Thus, using a RAT may enable wireless backhaul communication using one or more node functions at a wireless node, such as a base station or access node. Additionally, multiple wireless nodes may communicate in a backhaul network using a schedule that is aligned with a frame structure. For example, a wireless node may establish a link with different wireless nodes using a RAT that supports a synchronized frame structure, such as a mmW RAT. The wireless nodes may instantiate one or more node functions, such as an ANF and a UEF. The wireless nodes may then communicate according to active and suspended modes using the node functions, where the communication is based on a schedule aligned with the frame structure. 
     In addition, occupancy/availability signaling may be used to enable dynamic resource allocation of the resources defined in the synchronized frame structure between different wireless communication links. In some cases, a first ANF may determine a need for additional backhaul resources, and may transmit a request message to one or more UEFs for additional backhaul resources. A UEF that receives the request message may forward the request to an associated second ANF. The second ANF, if it is not using some of its dedicated resources, may signal to the first ANF, via the UEF for example, that such resources are available to be used. Upon receiving the response from the second ANF, the first ANF may schedule data to be transmitted using those available resources. The first ANF may transmit an indication back to the second ANF that all or a subset of the second ANF&#39;s available resources have been selected, and the second ANF may refrain from using the selected resources. In some cases, the backhaul resources may be time resources, frequency resources, code resources, spatial resources (e.g., directional transmission beams), or any combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a backhaul network  200  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. In some cases, backhaul network  200  may be an example of a wireless communications network that communicates using mmW frequency ranges. The backhaul network  200  may include a number of access nodes  105  that communicate over a number of different communication links  225 , where the communication links  225  may be associated with a same or different set of wireless resources. The access nodes  105  may be examples of the access nodes  105  described in reference to  FIG. 1 . The backhaul network  200  may support the use of one or more node functions to enable efficient resource allocation for wireless backhaul communications. In such cases, the access nodes  105  may instantiate one or more node functions to coordinate signaling and resource allocation. That is, the access nodes  105  may instantiate one or more ANFs  205 , one or more UEFs  210 , or any combination thereof. 
     For example, access node  105 - a  may be located at a central point of a star, and may be coupled with a wireline backhaul link  230  (i.e., an optical fiber cable). In some cases, access node  105 - a  may be the only access node  105  in backhaul network  200  that is coupled with the wireline backhaul link  230 . Access node  105 - a  may instantiate an ANF  205 , and the access nodes  105  at the leaves of the star (access node  105 - b  and access node  105 - c ) may each instantiate a UEF  210 . Access node  105 - a  may then communicate with access node  105 - b  and access node  105 - c  using communication link  225 - a  according to an active mode or a suspended mode using the node functions. In some cases, communication link  225 - a  may be associated with a first set of wireless resources. 
     The ANF  205  and the UEFs  210  may be assigned the same functionalities and signaling protocols for resource allocation as defined by a RAT. That is, resource coordination of a backhaul star can be managed via the RAT, such as a mmW RAT and managed via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, for example. Furthermore, wireless resource use among access nodes  105  within a star may be coordinated via a large-scale (e.g., network-wide) schedule. Within each star, signaling and resource management may be regulated by the RAT and a resource sub-schedule may be generated by a star&#39;s ANF  205  (such as the ANF  205  instantiated at access node  105 - a ). 
     In some examples, access node  105 - b  may instantiate an ANF  205  in addition to the UEF  210 . Access node  105 - b  may accordingly communicate with access node  105 - c  using communication link  225 - b  according to an active or a suspended mode using the node functions. In some cases, communication link  225 - b  may be associated with a second set of wireless resources. 
     In another example, access node  105 - d  may instantiate an ANF  205  and communicate with a UEF  210  at access node  105 - a  over communication link  225 - c . In some examples, communication link  225 - c  may be associated with the second set of resources. That is, communication link may use the same resources as communication link  225 - b . Additionally, the ANF  205  at access node  105 - d  may be used for mobile access, where access node  105 - d  may communicate with one or more UEs  115  over communication link  225 - d . As a result, access node  105 - d  may forward data between the one or more UEs  115  and access node  105 - a . Accordingly, IAB may be accomplished by including the additional star with access node  105 - d  at the center and the UEs  115  at the leaves of the star. 
     In some cases, ANFs  205  may support transmission of a downlink control channel, reception of an uplink control channel, scheduling of downlink and uplink data transmission within a resource space assigned to a link or to a set of links, transmission of synchronization signals and cell reference signals (e.g., as a primary synchronization symbol (PSS) or secondary synchronization symbol (SSS) on a synchronization channel), transmitting beam sweeps, and transmitting downlink beam change requests. Additionally, UEFs  210  may support reception of a downlink control channel, transmission of a uplink control channel, requesting scheduling of uplink data transmissions, transmission of random access preambles on a random access channel, listening to beam sweeps and reporting beam indexes and beam signal strength detected, and executing downlink beam change requests. In some cases, there may be other features that differentiate the ANF and the UEF implemented at a node. As described above, an access node  105  node may implement a combination of one or more node functions, such as multiple ANFs  205 , multiple UEFs  210 , or combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a backhaul network  300  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. In some cases, the backhaul network  300  may be an example of a wireless communications network that communicates using mmW frequency ranges. The backhaul network  300  may include a number of access nodes  105  that communicate over a number of different communication links  325 , where the communication links  325  may be associated with a same or different set of wireless resources. The access nodes  105  may be examples of the access nodes  105  described in reference to  FIGS. 1 and/or 2 . The backhaul network  300  may be an example of a wireless communications system that supports multiple hops and topological redundancy for backhaul links using a RAT. 
     In some examples, complex backhaul topologies may be handled by composing the topology from multiple stars that mutually overlap. For instance, backhaul network  300  may comprise a mesh topology with two interfaces to a wireline network (e.g., access nodes  105 - e  and  105 - g  coupled with wireline backhaul links  330 - a  and  330 - b ). Such a topology may comprise multiple stars, where some stars mutually overlap. An ANF may be allocated to an access node  105  at the center of each star (e.g., access nodes  105 - e ,  105 - g ,  105 - h , etc.,) and further includes a UEF at the access node  105  at each of the leaves. As a result, a backhaul node may include multiple ANFs and UEFs. 
     For example, access node  105 - f  may include multiple instances of a UEF, where it may communicate with the ANFs at access nodes  105 - e ,  105 - g , and  105 - h . Additionally, access nodes  105 - g  and  105 - h  may each communicate with each other using at least one ANF and at least one UEF, and may form overlapping stars. In such cases, access node  105 - g  and access node  105 - h  may communicate over communication links  325 - e  and  325 - f  that provide topological redundancy for the backhaul network  300 . In some cases, communication links  325 - e  and  325 - f  may be associated with different sets of resources, where the resources are cooperatively allocated according to a schedule established by the ANFs. Multiple stars may use techniques to coordinate wireless resources, which may efficiently handle any system constraints (e.g., half-duplexed communications, inter-link interference, etc.). For instance, inter-link interference may be managed using spatial division multiple access (SDMA) techniques (e.g., through the use of narrow beams), and inter-node beam coordination may account for any remaining interference. 
     Additionally or alternatively, mobile access may be integrated into such a star topology through additional stars with UEs  115  at their leaves and an access node  105  at their center. In some examples, mobile access links may also be added to existing stars. In an example, access node  105 - i  may communicate with access node  105 - j  using communication link  325 - g . Access node may further communicate with one or more UEs  115  over communication links  325 - h . In this example, communication links  325 - g  and  325 - h  both share the same set of wireless resources to provide integrated access and backhaul. As can be seen in  FIG. 3 , a range of ANF and UEF combinations may be instantiated in an access node  105 . Additional or different combinations of UEF and ANF instances in access nodes  105 , as well as different topologies not shown in  FIG. 3 , may be possible. 
     To coordinate timing of transmission and reception, all links may be coordinated using time synchronization, where a frame structure supported by a cellular RAT may be used. For instance, time synchronization may be achieved through a determination of timing parameters associated with another wireless node, e.g., another wireless node may transmit an indication of synchronization signal transmission timing. In some examples, further coordination between wireless nodes may be used since different wireless nodes may implement multiple ANFs and/or UEFs. 
     In some examples, access node  105  may include multiple node function instances, which may further use a routing function that makes decisions on forwarding of data among node functions residing on the same node. The routing function may be executed or instantiated, for example, on any one of a number of protocol layers (e.g., the routing function may be executed on an Internet Protocol (IP) layer). In some cases, the access node  105  may access a routing table, and may forward data between node functions based on the routing table. Additionally or alternatively, a routing function or a routing table may be used to forward data between different access nodes  105 . 
     In some examples, a large-scale or network-wide scheduling (e.g., a super schedule) which may include a time division multiplexed (TDM) schedule, a frequency division multiplexed (FDM) schedule, a code division multiplexed (CDM) schedule, a spatial division multiplexed (SDM) schedule, or any combinations thereof, may be used to assign resources to the various access nodes  105  within in a coordinated manner. For example, adjacent stars (e.g., different stars with leaves that share at least one node) or overlapping stars (e.g., stars with one common leaves) may use different wireless resources. At the same time, disjoint stars (e.g., stars that are neither adjacent nor overlapping) may reuse the same wireless resources. The schedule may be followed by all participating wireless nodes through a mutual time synchronization and the frame structure, which may be defined by the RAT. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a schedule  400  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. Schedule  400  may illustrate an example of time-multiplexing wireless resources for multiple access nodes that form a mesh topology. For example, schedule  400  may illustrate a schedule used by a backhaul network  401  that comprises seven access nodes  105  that form three different stars. In some examples, the backhaul network  401  includes both wireless and wired communication links. 
     Schedule  400  may be aligned to a synchronized and slotted frame structure for uplink and downlink transmissions. For example, a frame structure  405  may be supported by a RAT (e.g., a mmW RAT) and be used to coordinate signaling and resource allocation in a wireless backhaul network, such as backhaul network  200  or backhaul network  300  as described with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , or backhaul network  401 . Within frame structure  405 , a frame may occupy a time slot  410 , and each frame may include control portions  415  (e.g., a portion that includes downlink control and a portion that includes uplink control at the beginning and end of the frame, respectively) and a data portion  420  (e.g., a portion that is used for the transmission of uplink and downlink data). For instance, each time slot  410  may include a downlink control channel in a first sub-slot, a downlink or uplink data channel in a second sub-slot, and an uplink control channel in a third sub-slot. In some examples, a time slot  410  may represent a frame or a subframe. In the example of the schedule  400 , downlink data and control may be transmitted between an ANF and a UEF, and uplink data and control may be transmitted between a UEF and an ANF. 
     In some examples, the schedule  400  may be based on a network topology (e.g., the topology of the backhaul network  401 ), where the schedule  400  divides resources into multiple groups (e.g., respective groups for ANF and UEFs). The schedule  400  may assign alternating time slots  410  to these resources, where a first time slot  410 - a  is associated with a first set of wireless resources and a second time slot  410 - b  is associated with a second set of wireless resources. 
     An access node  105  within backhaul network  401  may communicate with one or more other access node  105  using one or more node functions, such as an ANF and a UEF, as described with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 . Accordingly, communication may take place between a first access node  105  using an ANF and one or more access nodes  105  using a UEF over communication links  225 - a . Similarly, a second access node  105  and a third access node  105  using an ANF may respectively communicate with one or more other access nodes  105  over communication links  425 - b  and  425 - c . In some examples, the communication links  425  may be associated with respective sets of resources. That is, communication links  425 - a  and communication links  425 - c  may use the first set of wireless resources and communication link  425 - b  may use the second set of wireless resources. The access nodes  105  may be examples of the access nodes  105  described in reference to  FIGS. 1, 2 and/or 3 . 
     A node function may operate according to an active mode and a suspended mode based on schedule  400 . That is, a node function may be active or suspended in respective time slots  410  according to a resource schedule  430 . As an example, access nodes  105  using communication links  425 - a  and  425 - c  (and using the same set of resources) may communicate using resource schedule  430 - a  and resource schedule  430 - c , respectively. In such cases, the access nodes  105  may communicate using control portions  415  and data portions  420  in the first time slot  410 - a  during an ANF active mode, and may refrain from transmitting during the second time slot  410 - b  during an ANF suspended mode. Further, an ANF at an access node  105  using communication links  425 - b  may refrain from communicating during the first time slot  410 - a , but communicate according to resource schedule  430 - b  during an ANF active mode in second time slot  410 - b . While  FIG. 4  illustrates time resources, such techniques may also be used for be frequency resources, code resources, spatial resources (e.g., directional transmission beams), or any combination thereof. 
     In some cases, an ANF may use every resource schedule  430  for designated time slots  410  for communication between the UEFs that the ANF controls. In some cases, within each resource allocation established by the schedule  400 , each ANF may schedule resources among one or more UEFs, and an access node  105  may further sub-schedule resources among multiple UEs  115  (not shown). In some examples, other resource allocation schemes for the schedule may be possible. That is, more time slots  410  may be allocated to a wireless resource than for another wireless resource. Additionally or alternatively, a greater number of resources may be scheduled based on a network topology. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a communication swim diagram  500  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. The diagram  500  shows communications for a communications network  505 . In some examples, the communications network  505  may be a wireless backhaul network. The communications network  505  includes a first communication link  510  established between a first access node  515  and a second access node  520  and a second communication link  525  established between the second access node  520  and a third access node  530 . In some examples, the access nodes  515 ,  520 ,  530  may embodied as access nodes  105  or base stations for a 5G or LTE access network. 
     Resources of the communications network  505  may be allocated to the first communication link  510  and the second communication link  525 , and other communications links in the communications network  505 , according to a schedule, such as schedule  400  of  FIG. 4 . In some examples, the schedule  400  may be the synchronized frame structure  800  or the synchronized frame structure  900  described with reference to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . The resources defined by the schedule  400  may be time slots, time intervals, frequency bands, codes, antenna beams, antenna ports, or any combination thereof. In the illustrative example, the schedule  400  assigns time intervals (or other resources) to each communication link such that a first subset of resources are dedicated to the first access node  515  and a second subset of resources are dedicated to the third access node  530 . 
     The first access node  515  may implement a first ANF for the first communication link  510  that allows the first access node  515  to schedule transmissions on the first communication link  510  with a UEF implemented at the second access node  520 . The access node  520  may implement the first UEF for the first communication link  510  that allows the access node  520  to communicate via the first communication link  510 . Similarly, the third access node  530  may implement a second ANF for the second communication link  525  and the second access node  520  may implement a second UEF for the second communication link  525 . 
     The swim diagram  500  illustrates an example of resource request/availability signaling between access nodes  515 ,  520 ,  530 . The resource request/availability signaling may be used to dynamically indicate needs for additional resources and dynamically reallocate local resources between the access nodes. The swim diagram  500  is presented for illustrative purposes of the basic principles of resource request/availability signaling. 
     At block  535 , the first ANF at the first access node  515  may determine a demand for backhaul communication link resources and identify that additional resources are needed at the first ANF. In some cases, the first ANF may predict a pending need for particular resources, such as time slots defined by the schedule  400  that are dedicated to the first communication link  510 . The determination of demand may include link quality measurements to gauge the channel conditions and the corresponding transmission rate. The determination of demand may also be based on queuing load, for instance. The first ANF may evaluate these properties on one single link or on multiple links (e.g. if the ANF multiplexes its resource over these multiple links). This evaluation may include measurements of DL link quality and load and UL link quality and load. The UL load may, for instance, be signaled to the ANF via UL transmission requests  540  (e.g., scheduling requests). In some examples, the access node  515  may use machine learning, past historical data, or other more global data to estimate demand for resources on the first communication link  510 . The first ANF may generate a resource request message  540  and transmit the resource request message  540  to the first UEF at the second access node  520 . In some cases, the request message  540  may include information regarding particular resources that the first ANF is requesting. 
     At block  545 , the first UEF at the second access node  520  receive the resource request message  540 , identify the message as a resource request message, and forward resource request message  550  to the second ANF at the third access node  530 . In some cases, the first UEF may forward the resource request message  540  to a collocated second UEF that is configured at the second access node  520 . 
     At block  555 , the second ANF at the third access node  530  may determine demand for backhaul communication link resources associated with the request message. The second ANF may make such a determination in a similar manner as the first ANF does at block  535 , for example. Based on the determination of available resources, the second ANF, at block  560 , may identify available resources that are responsive to the request message and format a response message that indicates available resources of the second ANF that the first ANF may use. 
     The second ANF may transmit response message  565  to the second access node  520  using second communication link  525 . In some cases, a second UEF associated with the second ANF may receive the response message  565 , and identify the response message to be forwarded to the first ANF, as indicated at block  570 . The second UEF may transmit (e.g., via a collocated first UEF associated with the first ANF) response message  575  to the first ANF at the first access node  515 . 
     The first ANF, at block  580 , may receive the response message, and select a resource from the response message. The first ANF may use the selected resource for backhaul communications. In some cases, the first ANF may optionally transmit an indication of the selected resources  585  back to the second ANF. In such cases, the first UEF at the second access node  520  may, at block  590 , identify the response message and forward the selected resource indication  595  to the second ANF. The second ANF, at block  597 , may receive the indication of the selected resources and refrain from transmitting using the selected resources. In some cases, the selected resources may be a subset of the available resources that the second ANF initially indicated, and the second ANF may use resources that were not selected by the first ANF, may provide such resources to another ANF for potential use, or combinations thereof. 
     While the swim diagram  500  shows communications across the communication links  510 ,  525  and three access nodes  515 ,  520 ,  530 , the methods described herein may be expanded to include additional communication links and additional access nodes. 
     The access nodes  515 ,  520 ,  530  may be examples of access nodes  105  described with reference to  FIGS. 1-4 . The ANFs may be examples of the ANFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-4 . The UEFs may be examples of the UEFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-4 . The communication links  510 ,  525  may be examples of the communication links described with reference to  FIGS. 2-4 . In some cases, the second ANF may be collocated with the first UEF at the second access node  520 . 
       FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate examples of network connection diagrams of a communications network  600  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network.  FIGS. 6A-6C  illustrate examples of resource request/availability signaling as it occurs in different network topologies. 
       FIG. 6A  shows a local network topology for a communications network  600 . The communications network  600  may be a wireless backhaul network. The communications network  600  includes a primary communication link  605 , a first auxiliary communication link  610 , and a second auxiliary communication link  615 . The communication links  605 ,  610 ,  615  may be similar to the other communication links discussed above (e.g., communication links  510 ,  525 ). The primary communication link  605  may be assigned a first subset of resources by the schedule  400 . The auxiliary communication links  610 ,  615  may be assigned a second subset of resources by the schedule  400 . The auxiliary communication links  610 ,  615  may utilize the same subset of resources because they may be separated enough spatially that they will not interfere with one another. 
     An access node  620  may communicate with an access node  625  via the primary communication link  605 . In addition, the access node  620  may communicate with other access nodes via the first auxiliary communication link  610  and the access node  625  may communicate with other access nodes via the second auxiliary communication link  615 . In the illustrative example, the access node  620  implements an ANF  630  for the primary communication link  605  and the access node  625  implements a UEF  635  for the primary communication link  605 . In other examples, however, the functions of the access nodes  620 ,  625  may be reversed. As used in this disclosure, the terms primary and auxiliary are not meant to denote differences in technical features, importance, or priority but to denote that different resources are dedicated for each link by the resource plan (e.g., schedule  400 ). 
     The ANF  630  of the primary communication link  605  (e.g., access node  620 ) may receive a first indication message  640  regarding the occupancy/availability of resources on the first auxiliary communication link  610  and a second indication message  645  regarding the occupancy/availability of resources on the second auxiliary communication link  615 . Due to high resource demand, the ANF  630  may wish to also use resources from its adjacent links (e.g., links  610 ,  615 ), and may transmit a request message for additional resources, and the indication messages  640 ,  645  may be transmitted in response to the request message. If both of the indication messages  640 ,  645  indicate that both the resources of both neighboring communication links (e.g., links  610 ,  615 ) are available during a particular time interval, the ANF  630  may then utilize the available resource of the auxiliary communication links for its own traffic. In some cases, the ANF  630  may select some or all of the available resources and transmit an indication of the selected resources. 
       FIG. 6B  shows a similar local network topology for the communications network  600  as shown in  FIG. 6A , except an additional access node  650  is added to the communications network  600 . The access node  650  is coupled to the access node  620  via a second primary communication link  655 . The second primary communication link  655  utilizes the same subset of resources defined by the schedule  400  as the first primary communication link  605 . The access node  650  may be coupled to other access nodes via a third auxiliary communication link  660 , which uses the same subset of resources defined by the schedule  400  as the other auxiliary communication links  610 ,  615 . The access node  650  may implement a UEF  635  for the second primary communication link  655 . The access node  650  may transmit a third indication message  665  regarding the occupancy/availability of resources for the third auxiliary communication link  660  to the ANF  630 , responsive to a resource request message. 
       FIG. 6C  shows a similar local network topology for the communications network  600  as shown in  FIG. 6A , except that the access node  625  is coupled to other access nodes via a tertiary communication link  670  instead of the second auxiliary communication link  615 . The tertiary communication link  670  may utilize a third subset of resources defined by the schedule  400  different from the first subset and the second subset of resources utilized by the primary communication links  605 ,  655  and the auxiliary communication links  610 ,  615 ,  660  respectively. 
     The ANF  630  may utilize the resources of the auxiliary communication link  610  or the tertiary communication link  670  based at least in part on their respective occupancy/availability, which may be provided in response to a resource request message. For example, if the first indication message  640  indicates that resources dedicated to the auxiliary communication link  610  are available, the ANF  630  may decide to transmit data across the primary communication link  605  using those resources. In another example, if the second indication message  645  indicates that resources dedicated to the tertiary communication link  670  are available, the ANF  630  may decide to transmit data across the primary communication link  605  using those resources. 
     It should be appreciated that different network topologies may include any combination of the topologies discussed above. For example, a network topology may include four different communication links using four different subsets of resources. In other examples, each communication link may have any number of connections that an ANF may check before utilizing resources not dedicated to a particular communication link. 
     The access nodes  620 ,  625 ,  650  may be examples of access nodes  105  described with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 . The ANF  630  may be examples of the ANFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-5 . The UEF  635  may be examples of the UEFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-5 . The communication links  605 ,  610 ,  615 ,  660 ,  670  may be examples of the communication links described with reference to  FIGS. 2-5 . 
       FIGS. 7A-7C  illustrate examples of indication message transmission diagrams for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network  700 . Depending on the network topology of the wireless network  700 , indication messages may be forwarded, transmitted, and/or replied in different ways.  FIGS. 7A-7C  are intended to demonstrate basic principles of indication message travel and communication. Various network topologies may deviate from these principles or may use any combination of these principles. 
       FIG. 7A  illustrates a network topology that includes an access node  705  coupled with other access nodes via a first communication link  710  and a second communication link  715 . The communication links  710 ,  715  utilize different subsets of resources defined by the schedule  400 . In the illustrative example of  FIG. 7A , the access node  705  implements an ANF  720  for the first communication link  710  and implements an ANF  730  for a second communication link  715 . The ANFs communicate with associated UEFs  725 ,  735 . The UEFs  725 ,  735  may be implemented by other access nodes that are not depicted here. 
     The ANF  730  may determine that additional resources are needed, and may send a request message  740  to the ANF  720 . It may be determined that resources dedicated to the first communication link  710  are available to be used by other communication links. For example, the ANF  720  of the first communication link  710  may determine that certain resources of the first communication link  710  may be available for a certain time interval (or other type of wireless resource). Because both the ANF  720  of the first communication link  710  and the ANF  730  of the second communication link  715  are implemented on the access node  705 , the ANF  730  may send a request message  740  directly to the ANF  720  internal to the access node  705 . In such a situation, no signaling across the wireless network may be performed. Likewise, a response message indicating available resources may be sent from the ANF  720  to the ANF  730 . 
       FIG. 7B  illustrates a similar network topology to that shown in  FIG. 7A  except that the access node  705  implements the UEF  735  of the second communication link  715  instead of the ANF  730  of the second communication link  715 . Thus, UEF  735  and ANF  720  are collocated at the access node  705 . In order for ANF  730  to request resources, two request messages may be used. The ANF  730  may generate and transmit a request message  745  to its related UEF  735  being implemented by neighboring access nodes (e.g., access node  705 ). Once the UEF  735  receives the request message  745 , the UEF  735  may generate the intra-access node request message  740  and send it to the ANF  720  for the first communication link  710 . In this manner, request messages may be received by ANFs of the relevant communication links. 
       FIG. 7C  illustrates a similar network topology to that shown in  FIG. 7B  except that the access node  705  implements the UEF  725  of the first communication link  710  instead of the ANF  720  of the first communication link  710 . In order for ANF  730  to request resources, three indication messages may be used. The ANF  730  may generate and transmit a request message  745  to its related UEF  735 . UEF  735  may send the request message to UEF  725  by generating an intra-access node request message  740 . The UEF  725  may then generate another request message  750  to transmit via the first communication link  710  to the ANF  720 . A response message may be transmitted back to the ANF  730  in a similar manner. 
     The access node  705  may be an example of access nodes  105  described with reference to  FIGS. 1-6 . The ANFs  720 ,  730  may be examples of the ANFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-6 . The UEFs  725 ,  735  may be examples of the UEFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-6 . The communication links  710 ,  715  may be examples of the communication links described with reference to  FIGS. 2-6 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an example of a resource allocation in a synchronized frame structure  800  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. The resource allocation scheme shown  FIG. 8  illustrates how resources can be shifted among nodes within a synchronized frame structure  800 . A communications network  810  may include a chain of three communication links. The communications network  810  may be a wireless backhaul network. The synchronized frame structure  800  may be an example of the schedule  400 . 
     The communications network  810  includes a primary communication link  812 , a first auxiliary communication link  814 , and a second auxiliary communication link  816 . The communications network  810  includes four access nodes, a first access node  820 , a second access node  822 , a third access node  824 , and a fourth access node  826 . The first access node  820  may implement an ANF  828  for the first auxiliary communication link  814 . The second access node  822  may implement a UEF  830  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  and an ANF  832  for the primary communication link  812 . The third access node  824  may implement a UEF  834  for the primary communication link  812  and a UEF  836  for the second auxiliary communication link  816 . The fourth access node  826  may implement an ANF  838  for the second auxiliary communication link  816 . 
     The access nodes  820 ,  822 ,  824 ,  826  may be examples of access nodes  105  described with reference to  FIGS. 1-7 . The ANFs  828 ,  832 ,  838  may be examples of the ANFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-7 . The UEFs  830 ,  834 ,  836  may be examples of the UEFs described with reference to  FIGS. 2-7 . The communication links  812 ,  814 ,  816  may be examples of the communication links described with reference to  FIGS. 2-7 . 
     The synchronized frame structure  800  may include a number of resources  840  that include a control portion  842  and a data portion  844 . In some examples, a resource  840  includes two control portions  842 , a downlink control portion (or a DL control channel) and an uplink control portion (or a UL control channel). In the illustrative example, the resources  840  are embodied as frames spanning a unique time interval. A first subset  850  of resources  840  are dedicated for the primary communication link  812 . A second subset  855  of resources  840  are dedicated for the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . For example, the first subset  850  includes resources at time intervals n+1, n+3, etc., and the second subset  855  includes resources at time intervals n, n+2, n+4, etc. In other examples, the synchronized frame structure  800  may be divided into additional subsets of resources  840  depending on the network topology. 
     The following disclosure relate to how either indication messages may move between access nodes through the communications network  810  over time. Initially, at slot n−3, the ANF  832  may send a request to associated UEF  836  during a control part of the associated slot. The ANF  832  may also internally send the request to its collocated UEF  830 . At time slot n−2 the UEFs  830 ,  836  may forward the requests to their respective ANFs  828 ,  838  during the control part of the time slot. At slot n, the ANF  838  may transmit an indication message  870  on a control portion  842  of a resource  855 - d , which is received by the UEF  836  and passed on to the UEF  834 . The indication message  870  may include information indicating that the resource  855 - f  (at time interval n+4) is available for ANF  832 . In some examples, the information states that the second auxiliary communication link  816  may be available in four time slots. 
     At time slot n+1, the ANF  832  may transmit a scheduling message  872  during a control portion  842  to schedule data for transmission via the primary communication link  814  during this time slot. Also during the time slot n+1, the UEF  834  may send an indication message  874  to its ANF  832  on the UL control portion of resource  850 - a . The indication message may include information that resource  855 - f  for the second auxiliary communication link  816  is available. 
     At time slot n+2, the ANF  828  of the first auxiliary communication link  814  may transmit an indication message  876  on the DL control portion  842  of resource  855 - b  of the first auxiliary communication link  814 . The indication message  876  may include information that resource  855 - c  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  is available. The indication message may be received by the UEF  830  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  and passed on to the ANF  832  for the primary communication link  812 . 
     At time slot n+3, the ANF  832  of the primary communication link  812  may transmit a scheduling message  878  to schedule data to be transmitted using resource  850 - b  via the primary communication link  812 . In addition, the scheduling message  878  may also schedule data to be transmitted during the time slot n+4 because both resource  855 - c  and resource  855 - f  are not being used by their respective auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . The scheduling message may be transmitted during a control portion of the resource  850 - b.    
     At time slot n+4, a data message  880  may be transmitted via the primary communication link  812  using resources usually dedicated to the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . The data message  880  may be transmitted during the data portion of resources  855 - c ,  855 - f , thereby allowing the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816  to be used to transmit network messages, such as indication messages for indicating resources that may be available in the future. In some examples, the data message  880  is transmitted exclusively during the data portion. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates an example of a resource allocation in a synchronized frame structure  900  for dynamic resource allocation in a wireless network. Another example of a resource allocation scheme is shown in  FIG. 9 . The features of the wireless network  905  and the synchronized frame structure  900  are similarly embodied as those described in  FIG. 8  and thus descriptions of those features are not repeated here. It should be appreciated that features having similar or identical numbers may be embodied similarly. The synchronized frame structure  900  may be an example of the schedule  400 . In the synchronized frame structure  900 , a data message  918  transmitted using resources not dedicated to the relevant communication link may include a control portion  920  and a data portion  922  and a scheduling message  924  may be transmitted during the control portion  920 . 
     Similarly as discussed above, ANF  832  may initially transmit a resource request for additional resources. For example, at slot n−3, the ANF  832  may send a request to associated UEF  836  during a control part of the associated slot. The ANF  832  may also internally send the request to its collocated UEF  830 . At time slot n−2 the UEFs  830 ,  834  may forward the requests to their respective ANFs  828 ,  838  (via UEF  836 ) during the control part of the time slot. At slot n, the ANF  838  of the second auxiliary communication link  816  may transmit an indication message  910  on a control portion  842  of a resource  855 - d , which is received by the UEF  836  of the second auxiliary communication link  816  and passed on to the UEF  834  of the primary communication link  812 . The indication message  910  may include information indicating that the resource  855 - e  (at time interval n+2) is available for the second auxiliary communication link  816 . In some examples, the information states that the second auxiliary communication link  816  may be available in two time slots. 
     At time slot n+1, the ANF  832  of the primary communication link  812  may transmit a scheduling message  912  during a control portion  842  of resource  850 - a  to schedule data for transmission via the primary communication link  812  during this time slot. Also during the time slot n+1, the UEF  834  of the primary communication link  812  may send an indication message  914  to its ANF  832  on the UL control portion of resource  850 - a . The indication message  914  may include information that resource  855 - f  for the second auxiliary communication link  816  is available. 
     At time slot n+2, the ANF  828  of the first auxiliary communication link  814  may transmit an indication message  916  on the DL control portion  842  of resource  855 - b  of the first auxiliary communication link  814 . The indication message  916  may include information that resource  855 - b  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  is available at the next time slot. The indication message  916  may be received by the UEF  830  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  and passed on to the ANF  832  for the primary communication link  812 . 
     Upon receiving indication messages  910 ,  916 , the ANF  832  for the primary communication link  812  may determine that it may utilize the resources normally dedicated to the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . As such, the ANF  832  may generate a data message  918  to be sent via the primary communication link  812  during the time slot n+2. The data message  918  may include both a control portion  920  and a data portion  922 . The data message  918  is also configured to be transmitted during the data portion  844  of resources  855 - b ,  855 - e , thereby reserving the control portions  842  of those resources to be used by the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . A scheduling message  924  may be transmitted during the control portion  920  of the data message  918 . The scheduling message  924  may be embodied similarly to other scheduling messages (e.g., scheduling message  912 ) and may schedule data for transmission via the primary communication link during the time slot n+2. 
     Time slots n+3 and n+4 illustrate another scenario that may occur using the data message  918 . At time slot n+3, the ANF  832  of the primary communication link  812  may transmit a scheduling message  926  to schedule data to be transmitted using resource  850 - b  via the primary communication link  812 . 
     At time slot n+4, the ANF  828  of the first auxiliary communication link  814  may transmit an indication message  928  on the DL control portion  842  of resource  855 - c  of the first auxiliary communication link  814 . The indication message  928  may include information that resource  855 - c  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  is available at the next time slot. The indication message  928  may be received by the UEF  830  for the first auxiliary communication link  814  and passed on to the ANF  832  for the primary communication link  812 . In addition, at time slot n+4, the ANF  838  of the second auxiliary communication link  816  may transmit an indication message  930  on a control portion  842  of a resource  855 - f , which is received by the UEF  836  of the second auxiliary communication link  816  and passed on to the UEF  834  of the primary communication link  812 . The indication message  928  may include information indicating that the resource  855 - f  is available for the second auxiliary communication link  816 . 
     Upon receiving indication messages  928 ,  930 , the ANF  832  for the primary communication link  812  may determine that it may utilize the resources normally dedicated to the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . As such, the ANF  832  may generate a data message  932  to be sent via the primary communication link  812  during the time slot n+4. The data message  932  may be similarly embodied as data message  918 . The data message  932  may be also configured to be transmitted during the data portion  844  of resources  855 - c ,  855 - f , thereby reserving the control portions  842  of those resources to be used by the auxiliary communication links  814 ,  816 . A scheduling message  934  may be transmitted during the control portion  920  of the data message  932 . 
     It should be appreciated from  FIGS. 8 and 9  that request and indication messages may be transmitted on control portions of resources  840 . For example, the messages may be included in a DL control channel or an UL control channel. These control channels may use resources that are pre-allocated by a (network-wide) resource plan (e.g., the synchronized frame structure). Furthermore, resource shifting via availability/occupancy signaling may be restricted to the data portions  844  of resources  840 , while control portions  842  of resources  840  are typically reserved for the assigned communication link. This allows a communication link to sustain regular control signaling even if it has released its resource to adjacent links. Resource shifting may apply to time-multiplexed resources, frequency-multiplexed resources, code division multiplexed resources, spatially multiplexed resources, or combinations thereof. The type of resource that is requested, indicated to be available, or selected may be explicitly included in the corresponding messages. Such information may also be implicitly derived from information an access node holds about the local network topology (e.g., such as the resource plan and the local connectivity). Such information may be provisioned to the access node or configured via additional signaling channels. 
       FIG. 10  shows a block diagram  1000  of a wireless device  1005  that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device  1005  may be an example of aspects of a base station  105  as described herein. Wireless device  1005  may include receiver  1010 , communications manager  1015 , and transmitter  1020 . Wireless device  1005  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Receiver  1010  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to dynamic resource allocation in wireless network, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver  1010  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1335  described with reference to  FIG. 13 . The receiver  1010  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     Communications manager  1015  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  1315  described with reference to  FIG. 13 . Communications manager  1015  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager  1015  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. The communications manager  1015  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical devices. In some examples, communications manager  1015  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In other examples, communications manager  1015  and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Communications manager  1015  may instantiate an ANF that requests additional resources in some cases, and may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station, identify a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period, transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, receive an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. The communications manager  1015  may also instantiate a UEF in some cases, and establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and the user equipment function (UEF), receive, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, and forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. The communications manager  1015  may also instantiate an ANF that receives a resource request in some cases, and may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first ANF at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF), receive, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF, identify one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message, and transmit a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. 
     Transmitter  1020  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter  1020  may be collocated with a receiver  1010  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  1020  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1335  described with reference to  FIG. 13 . The transmitter  1020  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 11  shows a block diagram  1100  of a wireless device  1105  that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device  1105  may be an example of aspects of a wireless device  1005  or a base station  105  as described with reference to  FIG. 10 . Wireless device  1105  may include receiver  1110 , communications manager  1115 , and transmitter  1120 . Wireless device  1105  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Receiver  1110  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to dynamic resource allocation in wireless network, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver  1110  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1335  described with reference to  FIG. 13 . The receiver  1110  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     Communications manager  1115  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  1315  described with reference to  FIG. 13 . Communications manager  1115  may also include communications link manager  1125 , resource availability manager  1130 , and resource request manager  1135 . 
     Communications link manager  1125  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between an access node function (ANF) and a user equipment function (UEF). The ANF may be an ANF that transmits a request for additional resources, or receives a request for additional resources. 
     Resource availability manager  1130  may identify, in some cases, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period in some cases, and responsive to an indication of available resources from a second ANG, select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications. In some cases, resource availability manager  1130  may identify one or more available resources that are responsive to a request message and provide an indication of the available resources to another ANF. In some cases, resource availability manager  1130  may receive an indication of selected resources from the other ANF and refrain from transmitting backhaul data using the selected resources. 
     Resource request manager  1135  may transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, receive, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and transmit an indication of the selected resources to one or more other ANFs or UEFs. In some cases, resource request manager  1135  may be associated with a UEF and may receive, from a first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF, receive, from the second ANF, an indication of one or more available resources, forward the indication to the first ANF, receive an indication of the selected resources from the first ANF, and forward the indication of the selected resources to the second ANF. In some cases, the request message includes an indication of a type of resources requested by the first ANF. 
     In some cases, the request message may be transmitted in a control channel configured in the wireless backhaul communications link. In some cases, the request message is transmitted in an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel. In some cases, the request message is forwarded by the UEF to a second ANF associated with the UEF. In some cases, the forwarding the request message includes determining to forward the request message to the second ANF via a wireless backhaul link with the second ANF or to forward the request message to the second ANF that is collocated with the UEF at a base station. In some cases, the request message includes a request for one or more of time-multiplexed resources, frequency multiplexed resources, code division multiplexed resources, spatially multiplexed resources, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the receiving includes receiving the request message from the UEF, where the UEF is established at a second base station and the second ANF is established at a third base station. 
     Transmitter  1120  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter  1120  may be collocated with a receiver  1110  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  1120  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1335  described with reference to  FIG. 13 . The transmitter  1120  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG. 12  shows a block diagram  1200  of a communications manager  1215  that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager  1215  may be an example of aspects of a communications manager  1015 , a communications manager  1115 , or a communications manager  1315  described with reference to  FIGS. 10, 11, and 13 . The communications manager  1215  may include communications link manager  1220 , resource availability manager  1225 , resource request manager  1230 , link configuration manager  1235 , resource multiplexer  1240 , data transmission manager  1245 , collocation manager  1250 , and transmission beam manager  1255 . Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     Communications link manager  1220  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between an access node function (ANF) and a user equipment function (UEF). The ANF may be an ANF that transmits a request for additional resources, or receives a request for additional resources. 
     Resource availability manager  1225  may identify, in some cases, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period in some cases, and responsive to an indication of available resources from a second ANF, select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications. In some cases, resource availability manager  1225  may identify one or more available resources that are responsive to a request message and provide an indication of the available resources to another ANF. In some cases, resource availability manager  1225  may receive an indication of selected resources from the other ANF and refrain from transmitting backhaul data using the selected resources. 
     Resource request manager  1230  may transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, receive, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs, and transmit an indication of the selected resources to one or more other ANFs or UEFs. In some cases, resource request manager  1230  may be associated with a UEF and may receive, from a first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF, forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF, receive, from the second ANF, an indication of one or more available resources, forward the indication to the first ANF, receive an indication of the selected resources from the first ANF, and forward the indication of the selected resources to the second ANF. In some cases, the request message includes an indication of a type of resources requested by the first ANF. 
     In some cases, the request message may be transmitted in a control channel configured in the wireless backhaul communications link. In some cases, the request message is transmitted in an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel. In some cases, the request message is forwarded by the UEF to a second ANF associated with the UEF. In some cases, the forwarding the request message includes determining to forward the request message to the second ANF via a wireless backhaul link with the second ANF or to forward the request message to the second ANF that is collocated with the UEF at a base station. In some cases, the request message includes a request for one or more of time-multiplexed resources, frequency multiplexed resources, code division multiplexed resources, spatially multiplexed resources, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the receiving includes receiving the request message from the UEF, where the UEF is established at a second base station and the second ANF is established at a third base station. 
     Link configuration manager  1235  may configure a control channel that includes resources that are pre-allocated among a set of ANFs and a set of UEFs. In some cases, the request message is received on an uplink control channel or a downlink control channel configured in the wireless backhaul communications link. 
     Resource multiplexer  1240  may select one or more of the available resources such as by selecting one or more of time-multiplexed resources, frequency multiplexed resources, code division multiplexed resources, spatially multiplexed resources, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the available resources include resources on one or more directional transmission beams, and where the spatially multiplexed resource include resources on one or more of the directional transmission beams. Data transmission manager  1245  may transmit backhaul data using the one or more selected resources. 
     Collocation manager  1250  may identify a collocated ANFs or UEFs and transmit messages between collocated ANFs and UEFs. Transmission beam manager  1255  may configure transmission beams of a base station. In some cases, the requested resources include resources on one or more directional transmission beams, and spatially multiplexed resource include resources multiplexed on one or more of the directional transmission beams. 
       FIG. 13  shows a diagram of a system  1300  including a device  1305  that supports dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Device  1305  may be an example of or include the components of wireless device  1005 , wireless device  1105 , or a base station  105  as described above, e.g., with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 . Device  1305  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including communications manager  1315 , processor  1320 , memory  1325 , software  1330 , transceiver  1335 , antenna  1340 , network communications manager  1345 , and inter-station communications manager  1350 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  1310 ). Device  1305  may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs  115 . 
     Processor  1320  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor  1320  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor  1320 . Processor  1320  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting dynamic resource allocation in wireless network). 
     Memory  1325  may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The memory  1325  may store computer-readable, computer-executable software  1330  including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  1325  may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     Software  1330  may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support dynamic resource allocation in wireless network. Software  1330  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software  1330  may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
     Transceiver  1335  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  1335  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  1335  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. 
     In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna  1340 . However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna  1340 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     Network communications manager  1345  may manage communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager  1345  may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs  115 . 
     Inter-station communications manager  1350  may manage communications with other base station  105 , and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs  115  in cooperation with other base stations  105 . For example, the inter-station communications manager  1350  may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs  115  for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, inter-station communications manager  1350  may provide an X2 interface within a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations  105 . 
       FIG. 14  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1400  for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1400  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1400  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1405  the base station  105  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station. The operations of block  1405  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1405  may be performed by a communications link manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1410  the base station  105  may identify, at the first ANF, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period. The operations of block  1410  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1410  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1415  the base station  105  may transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF. The operations of block  1415  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1415  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1420  the base station  105  may receive, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs. The operations of block  1420  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1420  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1425  the base station  105  may select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. The operations of block  1425  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1425  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
       FIG. 15  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1500  for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1500  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1500  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1505  the base station  105  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station. The operations of block  1505  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1505  may be performed by a communications link manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1510  the base station  105  may identify, at the first ANF, a need for additional backhaul resources at the first ANF for a first time period. The operations of block  1510  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1510  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1515  the base station  105  may transmit a request message to the UEF indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF. The operations of block  1515  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1515  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1520  the base station  105  may receive, at the first ANF, an indication of one or more available resources from one or more other ANFs. The operations of block  1520  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1520  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1525  the base station  105  may select one or more of the available resources for backhaul communications at the first ANF. The operations of block  1525  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1525  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1530  the base station  105  may transmit an indication of the selected resources to one or more other ANFs or UEFs. The operations of block  1530  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1530  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1535  the base station  105  may transmit backhaul data using the one or more selected resources. The operations of block  1535  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1535  may be performed by a data transmission manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
       FIG. 16  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1600  for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1600  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1600  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1605  the base station  105  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and a user equipment function (UEF) at a second base station. The operations of block  1605  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1605  may be performed by a communications link manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1610  the base station  105  may receive, at the UEF, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF. The operations of block  1610  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1610  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1615  the base station  105  may forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. The operations of block  1615  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1615  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
       FIG. 17  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1700  for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1700  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1700  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1705  a UEF at a second base station  105  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at a first base station and the UEF at the second base station. The operations of block  1705  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1705  may be performed by a communications link manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1710  the second base station  105  may receive, at the UEF, from the first ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the first ANF. The operations of block  1710  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1710  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1715  the UEF at the second base station  105  may forward the request message to a second ANF associated with the UEF. The operations of block  1715  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1715  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1720  the UEF at the second base station  105  may receive, from the second ANF, an indication of one or more available resources. The operations of block  1720  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1720  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1725  the UEF at the second base station  105  may forward the indication to the first ANF. The operations of block  1725  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1725  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1730  the UEF at the second base station  105  may receive an indication of the selected resources from the first ANF. The operations of block  1730  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1730  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1735  the UEF at the base station  105  may forward the indication of the selected resources to the second ANF. The operations of block  1735  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1735  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
       FIG. 18  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1800  for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1800  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1800  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1805  the base station  105  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at the base station and a user equipment function (UEF). The operations of block  1805  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1805  may be performed by a communications link manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1810  the base station  105  may receive, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF. The operations of block  1810  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1810  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1815  the base station  105  may identify, at the first ANF, one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message. The operations of block  1815  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1815  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1820  the base station  105  may transmit a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. The operations of block  1820  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1820  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
       FIG. 19  shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1900  for dynamic resource allocation in wireless network in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1900  may be implemented by a first base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1900  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . In some examples, a base station  105  may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At block  1905  the first base station  105  may establish a wireless backhaul communications link between a first access node function (ANF) at the first base station and a user equipment function (UEF). The operations of block  1905  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1905  may be performed by a communications link manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1910  the first base station  105  may receive, from a second ANF, a request message indicating that additional backhaul resources are requested at the second ANF. The operations of block  1910  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1910  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1915  the first base station  105  may identify, at the first ANF, one or more available resources that are responsive to the request message. The operations of block  1915  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1915  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1920  the first base station  105  may transmit a response message to the second ANF that indicates the one or more available resources are available to the second ANF. The operations of block  1920  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1920  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1925  the first base station  105  may receive an indication of one or more selected resources of the available resources from the second ANF. The operations of block  1925  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1925  may be performed by a resource request manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     At block  1930  the first base station  105  may refrain from transmitting backhaul data using the one or more selected resources. The operations of block  1930  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block  1930  may be performed by a resource availability manager as described with reference to  FIGS. 10 through 13 . 
     It should be noted that the methods described above describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. 
     Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communications systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably. A code division multiple access (CDMA) system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1×, 1×, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1×EV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). 
     An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE or an NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE or NR applications. 
     In LTE/LTE-A networks, including such networks described herein, the term evolved node B (eNB) may be generally used to describe the base stations. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A or NR network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB, next generation NodeB (gNB), or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other types of cell. The term “cell” may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on context. 
     Base stations may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), gNB, Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area for a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include base stations of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for different technologies. 
     A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell is a lower-powered base station, as compared with a macro cell, that may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells (e.g., component carriers). 
     The wireless communications system or systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations. 
     The downlink transmissions described herein may also be called forward link transmissions while the uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions. Each communication link described herein—including, for example, wireless communications system  100  and backhaul network  200  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 —may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies). 
     The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples. 
     In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label. 
     Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). 
     The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” 
     Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.