Patent Publication Number: US-11659409-B2

Title: Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) coverage for millimeter wave communication

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
     This Patent Application makes reference to, claims priority to, claims the benefit of, and is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/866,536, filed May 4, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/294,025, filed Mar. 6, 2019, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/607,743, filed May 30, 2017. 
     This Application also makes reference to: 
     Application Ser. No. 15/432,091, which was filed on Feb. 14, 2017, entitled “Outphasing Transmitters with Improved Wireless Transmission Performance and Manufacturability.” 
     The above referenced Application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     Certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to reflector devices in a millimeter wave communication system. More specifically, certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method and system for providing NLOS coverage for millimeter wave communication. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Telecommunications hardware, such as a customer premise equipment (CPE), communicates with a base station over a wireless communication network, such as radio frequency (RF) communication network. In most of the scenarios, RF signals propagate from the base station to the CPE, for example, through NLOS radio paths. In the NLOS radio paths, the plurality of RF signals undergo multiple reflections during propagation from a transmitter device, such as the base station, to a receiver device, such as the CPE, due to various physical obstructing objects in RF signal path. Therefore, various reflector devices, such as active and passive reflectors, may be needed to provide such reflections for the RF communication along such NLOS radio paths. However, for the advanced fifth generation communication networks, such as the millimeter wave communication system, there are required dynamically programmed reflector devices that can provide an optimal NLOS coverage for a robust RF communication. 
     Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present disclosure as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Systems and/or methods are provided for NLOS coverage for millimeter wave communication, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims. 
     These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the present disclosure, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an exemplary network environment diagram, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an exemplary passive reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary RF active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates a block diagram of another exemplary RF active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3 C  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary RF-BB active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations for an exemplary active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations for an exemplary system for providing an NLOS coverage for a communication network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Certain embodiments of the disclosure may be found in a method and system for NLOS coverage for millimeter wave communication. In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  1    is an exemplary network environment diagram, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to  FIG.  1   , there is shown a plurality of reflector devices  102  that include at least one passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) and at least one active reflector device  102 ( 2 ). There is further shown a base station  104  as an RF transmitter device, a customer premises equipment  106  as an RF receiver device, and customer premises  108 . There is further shown an NLOS radio path  110  (that includes a first radio signal path  110 ( 1 ), a second radio signal path  110 ( 2 ), a third radio signal path  110 ( 3 )) and two bounce points  112 ( 1 ) and  112 ( 2 ). It may be understood that there is shown only one passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) and one active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) for providing the two bounce points  112 ( 1 ) and  112 ( 2 ), respectively. However, the count of the passive reflector devices and the active reflector devices may increase based on the location of the base station  104 , relative distance of the base station  104  from the CPE  106 , and count and type of physical obstructing devices, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. 
     The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be configured to provide only a deflection to the plurality of RF signals without adjusting the amplitude gain and the phase shift of the plurality of RF signals. The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) provides the deflection based on various parameters, such as an incident angle, scan angle, and size of the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ). The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be positioned in a vicinity of a first physical obstructing object, such as a building, that may completely block the path of the plurality of RF signals. The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be realized by a simple metal plane with a flat or a curved surface. The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be arranged at an incident angle, so that the angle of incoming plurality of RF signals corresponds to the angle of the outcoming plurality of RF signals. An exemplary instance of the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) is described in detail in  FIG.  2   . 
     The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to perform a plurality of operations on the received plurality of RF signals. Examples of such operations may include, but are not limited to, adjusting an amplitude gain, adjusting phase shift, performing beam forming to generate a directed beam, and performing beam steering based on the phase shifting of the plurality of RF signals to deflect the directed beam at a desired angle. The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may comprise two pluralities of circuits and for two-way communication between the CPE  106  and the base station  104 . A first plurality of circuits includes a first receiver front-end and a first transmitter front-end and a second plurality of circuits includes a second receiver front-end and a second transmitter front-end. Antenna elements in the receiver arrays (of the first receiver front-end and second receiver front-end) and the transmitter arrays (of the first transmitter front-end and second transmitter front-end), may be dual-polarized, such as vertically polarized and horizontally polarized. Such dual-polarized antenna elements may be, for example, a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, or a slot antenna. It may be noted that the dual polarization of antenna elements is limited to precisely and mathematically vertical or horizontal. Notwithstanding, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure, dual polarization may refer to any two polarizations of an antenna, for example, substantially or approximately ±45 degrees. In other implementations or embodiments, the antenna polarizations may be non-orthogonal. 
     The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be positioned in a vicinity of a second physical obstructing object, such as a tinted glass, that may partially block the path of the plurality of RF signals. The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be realized by various components, such as two transmitter front-ends, two receiver front-ends, a plurality of low-noise amplifiers, a plurality of phase shifters, a combiner, a splitter, a plurality of power amplifiers, and mixers. The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may require a substantial DC power for performing the above-mentioned operations. Various exemplary instances of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) are described in detail in  FIGS.  3 A to  3 C . 
     The base station  104  is a fixed point of communication that may communicate information, in form of the plurality of RF signals, to and from a transmitting/receiving device, such as the CPE  106 . Multiple base stations, corresponding to one or more service providers, may be geographically positioned to cover specific geographical areas. Typically, bandwidth requirements serve as a guideline for a location of the base station  104  based on relative distance between the CPE  106  and the base station  104 . The count of base stations depends, for example, on expected usage, which may be a function of population density, and geographic irregularities, such as buildings and mountain ranges, which may interfere with the plurality of RF signals. 
     The CPE  106  may correspond to a telecommunication hardware located inside the customer premises  108 , such as an office facility or a home space. Examples of the CPE  106  may include, but are not limited to, a home router, a cable or satellite television set-top box, a VoIP base station, or other customized hardware. 
     The NLOS radio path  110  may correspond to a path of propagation of an RF signal that is obscured (partially or completely) by physical objects that make it difficult for the RF signal to pass through in a wireless communication network. Common physical objects between an RF transmitter device and an RF receiver device may include, for example, tall buildings, tinted glass, doors, walls, trees, physical landscape, and high-voltage power conductors. The NLOS radio path may be facilitated by various wireless communication standards, such as, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11n (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi), HSPA+(3G), WiMAX (4G), and Long Term Evolution (4G), 5G, power-line communication for 3-wire installations as part of ITU G.hn standard, and HomePlug AV2 specification. In accordance with an embodiment, the wireless communication network may facilitate extremely high frequency (EHF), which is the band of radio frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum from 30 to 300 gigahertz. Such radio frequencies have wavelengths from ten to one millimeter, referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). 
     In operation, the RF transmitter device, for example the base station  104 , may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals to the RF receiver device, for example the CPE  106 . For such RF transmission to the CPE  106 , the base station  104  may be configured to dynamically select reflector devices from the plurality of reflector devices  102 . The plurality of reflector devices  102  may be positioned in a vicinity of a plurality of physical obstructing objects so as to provide an RF communication along the NLOS radio path. 
     The base station  104  may be configured to dynamically select a first equipment, for example the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ), based on a first set of criteria. The first set of criteria may correspond to, but not limited to, a location of the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ), a relative distance of passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) with respect to the base station  104 , a type of the first physical obstructing object that may completely block the plurality of RF signals, and a passive reflection (i.e. merely deflection at a certain angle without adjustment of amplitude gain or phase shift) of the received plurality of RF signals. 
     The base station  104  may be further configured to dynamically select a second equipment, for example the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), based on a second set of criteria. The second set of criteria may correspond to a location of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), a relative distance of active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) with respect to the base station  104  and the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ), a type of the second physical obstructing object that may partially block the plurality of RF signals, remaining uncovered radio path with respect to the CPE  106 , and an active reflection of the received plurality of RF signals (with adjustment of amplitude gain and phase shift). The base station  104  may comprise a control device that may be configured to coordinate communication of configuration information to configure or reconfigure the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ). 
     With reference to  FIG.  1   , the base station  104  may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals to the selected passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) via the first radio signal path  110 ( 1 ). The base station  104  may dynamically select the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) to provide the first bounce point  112 ( 1 ). The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals via the first radio signal path  110 ( 1 ) and passively transmit the received plurality of RF signals toward the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) via the second radio signal path  110 ( 2 ). 
     The dynamically selected active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to provide the second bounce point  112 ( 2 ) to the plurality of RF signals received from the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ). The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) via the second radio signal path  110 ( 2 ). The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to provide an amplitude gain and steer the incident plurality of RF signals based on the phase shift provided by a plurality of phase shifters in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ). The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may actively transmit the directed beam to the CPE  106  via a third radio signal path  110 ( 3 ). It may be noted that the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) is selected at the first bounce point  112 ( 1 ) as the beam of RF signals was only required to be deflected at a certain angle and the amplitude gain was not required. However, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) is selected at the second bounce point  112 ( 2 ) as the beam of RF signals was required to be steered at a certain angle. Further, a specific amplitude gain was required so that the beam of RF signals can pass through the tinted glass of the window of the customer premises  108  to be received by the CPE  106 . It may be further noted that the above exemplary embodiment, according to which the RF communication is performed between the base station  104  and the CPE  106 , through the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) and the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), should not construed to be limiting the scope of the disclosure. Various other embodiments, according to which the RF communication is performed between the base station  104  and the CPE  106 , through more than one passive reflector device  102  and more than one active reflector device, dynamically selected by the base station  104  for providing optimized NLOS coverage, may be possible without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an exemplary passive reflector device with respect to a base station and a CPE, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to  FIG.  2   , there is shown the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) of the plurality of reflector devices  102 , the base station  104 , and the CPE  106 . The distance between the CPE  106  and the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be indicated by “D1”. The scan angle may be indicated by “θ” and the incident angle of the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be indicated by “α”. Accordingly, the size, indicated by “A1”, of the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be determined based on equation (1) as follows:
 
 A 1= D 1*sin(θ)/sin(α)  (1)
 
     In an exemplary instance, if the scanning angle “θ” is “30 degree”, the distance “D1” between the CPE  106  and the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) is “10 meter”, and the incident angle “α” is “45 degree”, then the reflector size “A1” may be calculated, based on the equation (1), as “7.1 meter”. In another exemplary instance, if the scanning angle “θ” is “30 degree”, the distance “D1” between the CPE  106  and the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) is “1 meter”, and the incident angle “α” is “45 degree”, then the reflector size “A1” may be calculated, based on the equation (1), as “71 centimeter”. In yet another exemplary instance, if the scanning angle “θ” is “3 degree”, the distance “D1” between the CPE  106  and the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) is “10 meter”, and the incident angle “α” is “45 degree”, then the reflector size “A1” may be calculated, based on the equation (1), as “74 centimeter”. 
       FIG.  3 A  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary RF active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to  FIG.  3 A , there is shown a first block diagram  300 A for an instance when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) of the plurality of reflector devices  102  is communicatively coupled with the CPE  106 , a mobile communication device (mobile)  107 , and the base station  104 . Notwithstanding, the disclosure is not so limited, and another embodiment, in another instance when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) is communicatively coupled with the CPE  106 , the mobile communication device, and another reflector device, such as the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) or another active reflector device, functionally similar to the described embodiment below is possible, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. The mobile communication device may be, for example, a smartphone, tablet, phablet, a laptop or PC, personal communicator, a handheld or a wearable communication device. As the mobile communication device  107  moves within a certain coverage area of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), the active reflector may be configured to optimize the communication link(s) between the mobile communication device  107  and the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) to provide coverage for the mobile communication device  107 . 
     With reference to  FIG.  3 A , the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may include two (dual) pluralities of circuits  302 ( 1 ) and  302 ( 2 ) for two-way communication between the CPE  106 , the mobile  107 , and the base station  104 . The first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) includes a first receiver front-end and a first transmitter front-end. The first receiver front-end and the first transmitter front-end may be isolated from each other at a specified distance. Based on the isolation, the selection of active elements in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be controlled and customized according to desired configuration. The first receiver front-end may include a first receiver array  304 ( 1 ), a first plurality of low-noise amplifiers (LNAs)  306 ( 1 ), a first plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 1 ), and a first combiner  310 ( 1 ). The first transmitter front-end may include a first splitter  312 ( 1 ), a first plurality of transmitter front-end phase shifters  314 ( 1 ), a first plurality of power amplifiers (PAs)  316 ( 1 ), and a first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ). 
     Likewise, the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) includes a second receiver front-end and a second transmitter front-end. The second receiver front-end and the second transmitter front-end may be isolated from each other at a specified distance so that the selection of active elements in the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) may be controlled and customized according to desired configuration. The second receiver front-end may include a second receiver array  304 ( 2 ), a second plurality of LNAs  306 ( 2 ), a second plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 2 ), and a second combiner  310 ( 2 ). The second transmitter front-end may further include a second splitter  312 ( 2 ), a second plurality of transmitter front-end phase shifters  314 ( 2 ), a second plurality of PAs  316 ( 2 ), and a second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ). 
     It may be noted that, for brevity, there is shown one base station, i.e. the base station  104 , is shown to be associated with the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) and the second receiver array  304 ( 2 ) via single beams. Similarly, one CPE, i.e. the CPE  106 , is shown to be associated with the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) via single beams. Notwithstanding, the disclosure may not be so limited, and via multiple beams, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) and the second receiver array  304 ( 2 ) may be associated with more than one base station, and likewise, the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) may be associated with more than one CPE, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be activated when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) receives a plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  to be transmitted to the base station  104  (or another reflector device). In accordance with another embodiment, the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be activated when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) receives the plurality of RF signals from the base station  104  (or another reflector device) to be transmitted to the CPE  106 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  via a first radio path, “P1”, of an NLOS radio path over a communication network, for example the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). The first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ) in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust a first amplification gain of each of the received plurality of RF signals. In other words, the first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ) amplify low-power RF signals without significantly degrading corresponding signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Next, the first plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 1 ) may be configured to perform a first phase shift on each of the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted first amplification gain. Accordingly, the received plurality of RF signals interfere to generate a directed receiver gain. Next, the first combiner  310 ( 1 ), which comprises both active and passive combiners, may be configured to combine the plurality of RF signals on which first amplification gain has been adjusted and thereafter, the first phase shift has been performed. The combined RF signals may be communicated to the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) that is isolated from the first receiver front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). 
     The first splitter  312 ( 1 ) in the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be configured to split the received combined plurality of RF signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the first splitter  312 ( 1 ) may comprise an input differential pair and two cascode pairs that evenly split the output current into two branches. The first splitter  312 ( 1 ) may further compensate for RF signal loss to achieve an efficient RF power transfer. Next, the first plurality of transmitter front-end phase shifters  314 ( 1 ) may be configured to receive the split RF signals and perform a second phase shift on each of the split RF signals for beam steering of the plurality of RF signals. Next, the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust a second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals on which second phase shift has been performed. The second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals may be adjusted based on a measured power of the beam of RF signals provided by the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ). The amplification gain adjustment may compensate for observed deviations of the output beam of the plurality of RF signals from an optimal power. 
     Finally, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain to the base station  104  (or another reflector device) as the directed RF beam. The first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via a second radio path, “P2”, of the NLOS radio path. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, the second receiver array  304 ( 2 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive a plurality of RF signals from the base station  104  (or another reflector device) via a third radio path, “P3”, of the NLOS radio path over the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ). The functionality of the various elements in the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) is similar to the functionality of the corresponding elements in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ), which has been described above in detail. As the final operation, the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain to the CPE  106  as the directed RF beam. The second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via a fourth radio path, “P4”, of the NLOS radio path. 
       FIG.  3 A  also illustrates an auxilary device  109  that is communicatively coupled to the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ). The auxiliary device  109  communicates outside the signal path. For example, the auxiliary signal path may communimcate with a 5G system, a long term evolution system (LTE), a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as global positioning system (GPS), GLONASS, wireless wide area network (WWAN), wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), and other types of wireless systems and/or technologies. In one exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the auxiliary device  109  may be configured to synchronize with and acquire timing information and frame structure information from the 5G system and the acquired information may be utilized to configure, for example, beam training and/or beamforming parameters for the two (dual) pluralities of circuits  302 ( 1 ) and  302 ( 2 ) in order to provide two-way communication between the CPE  106 , and/or the mobile communication device  107 , and the base station  104 . In another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the auxiliary device  109  may be configured to synchronize with and acquire timing information and frame structure information from the LTE system and the acquired information may be utilized to configure, for example, beam training and/or beamforming parameters for the dual pluralities of circuits  302 ( 1 ) and  302 ( 2 ) to provide two-way communication between the CPE  106 , and/or the mobile communication device  107 , and the base station  104 . In another exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the auxiliary device  109  may be configured to acquire location information GNSS and the acquired information may be utilized to configure, for example, beam training and/or beamforming parameters for the two (dual) pluralities of circuits  302 ( 1 ) and  302 ( 2 ) for two-way communication between the CPE  106 , and/or the mobile communication device  107 , and the base station  104 . In this regard, location specific parameters may be utilized to configure the dual pluralities of circuits  302 ( 1 ) and  302 ( 2 ). 
     In accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure, the beam training may be utilized to provide optimal communication between for example, the base station  104 , and the CPE  106  and/or the mobile communication device  109 . For example, beam training may be utilized to provide a certain quality of service (QoS) and/or provide a specified link budget. Due to high path loss between the base station  104  and the actve reflector device  102 ( 2 ), a more narrowly focused bean with high power may be utilized to facilitate communication between the base station  104  and the actve reflector device  102 ( 2 ). However, due to low path loss between the actve reflector device  102 ( 2 ) and the CPE  106  and/or the mobile communication device  109 , a plurality of broader beams with much lower power may be utilized to facilitate communication between the actve reflector device  102 ( 2 ) and the CPE  106  and/or the mobile communication device  109 . In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, the same data may be blasted via the plurality of beams from the actve reflector device  102 ( 2 ) the the CPE  106  and/or the mobile communication device  109 . 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates a block diagram of another exemplary RF active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to  FIG.  3 B , there is shown a second block diagram  300 B for an instance when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) of the plurality of reflector devices  102  is communicatively coupled with the CPE  106  and the base station  104 . Notwithstanding, the disclosure is not so limited, and another embodiment, in another instance when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) is communicatively coupled with the CPE  106  and another reflector device, such as the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) or another active reflector device, functionally similar to the described embodiment below is possible, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. It may be noted that the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), as shown in  FIG.  3 B , is comparatively less complex and more compact as compared to the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), as shown in  FIG.  3 A . However, the functionality of the common elements are similar in both the block diagrams  300 A and  300 B illustrated in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , respectively. 
     With reference to  FIG.  3 B , the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may include two pluralities of circuits  320 ( 1 ) and  320 ( 2 ) for two-way communication between the CPE  106  and the base station  104 . The first plurality of circuits  320 ( 1 ) includes a first receiver array  322 ( 1 ), a first plurality of LNAs  324 ( 1 ), a first plurality of phase shifters  326 ( 1 ), a first plurality of PAs  328 ( 1 ), and a first transmitter array  330 ( 1 ). Likewise, the second plurality of circuits  320 ( 2 ) includes a second receiver array  322 ( 2 ), a second plurality of LNAs  324 ( 2 ), a second plurality of phase shifters  326 ( 2 ), a second plurality of PAs  328 ( 2 ), and a second transmitter array  330 ( 2 ). It may be noted that the first receiver array  322 ( 1 ), the first plurality of LNAs  324 ( 1 ), and the first plurality of PAs  328 ( 1 ) may be functionally similar to the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ), the first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ), and the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ) (in  FIG.  3 A ), respectively. Although not shown,  FIG.  3 B  may also include the mobile communication device  107  and the the auxiliary device  109 . 
     It may be noted that, for brevity, there is shown one base station, i.e. the base station  104 , is shown to be associated with the first transmitter array  330 ( 1 ) and the second receiver array  322 ( 2 ) via single beams. Similarly, one CPE, i.e. the CPE  106 , is shown to be associated with the first receiver array  322 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  330 ( 2 ) via single beams. Notwithstanding, the disclosure may not be so limited, and via multiple beams, the first transmitter array  330 ( 1 ) and the second receiver array  322 ( 2 ) may be associated with more than one base station, and likewise, the first receiver array  322 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  330 ( 2 ) may be associated with more than one CPE, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the first plurality of circuits  320 ( 1 ) in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be activated when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) receives a plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  and/or mobile communication device  107  and transmits to the base station  104  (or another reflector device). In accordance with another embodiment, the second plurality of circuits  320 ( 2 ) in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be activated when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) receives the plurality of RF signals from the base station  104  (or another reflector device) and transmits to the CPE  106  and/or mobile communication device  107 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the first receiver array  322 ( 1 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  via a first radio path, “P1”, of an NLOS radio path over a communication network, for example the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the first plurality of circuits  320 ( 1 ). The first plurality of LNAs  324 ( 1 ) in the first plurality of circuits  320 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust a first amplification gain of each of the received plurality of RF signals. Next, the first plurality of phase shifters  326 ( 1 ) may be configured to perform a phase shift on each of the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted first amplification gain. Accordingly, the received plurality of RF signals interfere to generate a directed gain and beam steering of the plurality of RF signals. Next, the first plurality of PAs  328 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust a second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals on which phase shift has been performed. The second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals may be adjusted based on a measured power of the beam of RF signals provided by the first plurality of PAs  328 ( 1 ). The amplification gain adjustment may compensate for observed deviations of the output beam of the plurality of RF signals from an optimal power. Finally, the first transmitter array  330 ( 1 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain to the CPE  106  as the directed RF beam. The first transmitter array  330 ( 1 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via a second radio path, “P2”, of the NLOS radio path. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, the second receiver array  322 ( 2 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive a plurality of RF signals from the base station  104  (or another reflector device) via a third radio path, “P3”, of the NLOS radio path over the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the second plurality of circuits  320 ( 2 ). The functionality of the various elements in the second plurality of circuits  320 ( 2 ) is similar to the functionality of the corresponding elements in the first plurality of circuits  320 ( 1 ), which has been described above in detail. As the final operation, the second transmitter array  330 ( 2 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain to the CPE  106  as the directed RF beam. The second transmitter array  330 ( 2 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via a fourth radio path, “P4”, of the NLOS radio path. 
       FIG.  3 C  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary RF-BB active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to  FIG.  3 C , there is shown a third block diagram  300 C for an instance when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) of the plurality of reflector devices  102  is communicatively coupled with the CPE  106  and the base station  104 . Notwithstanding, the disclosure is not so limited, and another embodiment, in another instance when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) is communicatively coupled with the CPE  106  and another reflector device, such as the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) or another active reflector device, functionally similar to the described embodiment below is possible, without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. Although not shown,  FIG.  3 B  may also include the mobile communication device  107  and the the auxiliary device  109 . 
     It may be noted that the RF-BB active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) in  FIG.  3 C  has been explained based on the various components of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), as illustrated in  FIG.  3 A . Two additional elements in the block diagram of the RF-BB active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) are a first demod-mixer  332 ( 1 ), a first mod-mixer  334 ( 1 )), a first analog to digital converter (ADC)  336 ( 1 ), a first digital to analog converter (DAC)  338 ( 1 ), a first digital demodulator  340 ( 1 ), a first digital modulator  342 ( 1 ), and a first outphasing decomposition unit  344 ( 1 ) in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). Likewise, the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) may comprise a second demod-mixer  332 ( 2 ), a second mod-mixer  334 ( 2 ), a second ADC  336 ( 2 ), a second DAC  338 ( 2 ), a second digital demodulator  340 ( 2 ), a second digital modulator  342 ( 2 ), and a second outphasing decomposition unit  344 ( 2 ). Additional information on outphasing may be found in application Ser. No. 15/432,091, which was filed on Feb. 14, 2017, entitled “Outphasing Transmitters with Improved Wireless Transmission Performance and Manufacturability,” and which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Similar to the description of  FIG.  3 A ,  FIG.  3 C  describes that the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) includes the first receiver front-end and the first transmitter front-end. The first receiver front-end and the first transmitter front-end may be isolated from each other at a specified distance. Based on the isolation, the selection of active elements in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be controlled and customized according to desired configuration. 
     It may be noted that, for brevity, there is shown one base station, i.e. the base station  104 , is shown to be associated with the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) and the second receiver array  304 ( 2 ) via single beams. Similarly, one CPE, i.e. the CPE  106 , is shown to be associated with the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) via single beams, and one mobile, i.e. the mobile communication device  107 , is shown to be associated with the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) via single beams. Notwithstanding, the disclosure may not be so limited, and via multiple beams, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) and the second receiver array  304 ( 2 ) may be associated with more than one base station, and likewise, the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) and the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) may be associated with more than one CPE and/or the mobile communication device  107 , without deviation from the scope of the disclosure. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be activated when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) receives the plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  and/or the mobile communication device  107 , and transmits to the base station  104  (or another reflector device). In accordance with another embodiment, the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be activated when the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) receives the plurality of RF signals from the base station  104  (or another reflector device) and transmits to the CPE  106  and/or the mobile communication device  107 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  via a first radio path, “P1”, of an NLOS radio path over a communication network, for example the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). The first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ) in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust a first amplification gain of each of the received plurality of RF signals. In other words, the first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ) amplifies low-power RF signals without significantly degrading corresponding SNR ratio. Next, the first plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 1 ) may be configured to perform a first phase shift on each of the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted first amplification gain. Accordingly, the received plurality of RF signals interfere to generate a directed receiver gain. Next, the first combiner  310 ( 1 ), which comprises both active and passive combiners, may be configured to combine the plurality of RF signals on which first amplification gain has been adjusted and thereafter, the first phase shift has been performed. The combined RF signals may be communicated to the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) that is isolated from the first receiver front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). 
     Based on the combined RF signals (on which first amplification gain has been adjusted and thereafter, the first phase shift has been performed) and an oscillator signal, the first demodmixer  332 ( 1 ) may be configured to determine baseband signals. The determined baseband signals may be converted to digital domain by the first ADC  336 ( 1 ) and then demodulated using the first digital demodulator  340 ( 1 ). Thereafter, the first outphasing decomposition unit  344 ( 1 ) may decompose variable amplitudes (or variable envelope) of the baseband signals into constant amplitude (or constant envelope) decomposed digital signals, also referred to as “outphasing.” A digital signal processor (DSP) in the first outphasing decomposition unit  344 ( 1 ) may determine the constant amplitude decomposed digital signals. The constant amplitude decomposed digital signals may have a single constant amplitude level in one implementation. In another implementation the constant amplitude decomposed digital signals may have a finite number of discrete amplitude levels. The DSP may be implemented, for example, using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC chip. The constant amplitude decomposed digital signals are communicated to the first digital modulator  342 ( 1 ) in the first transmitter front-end. 
     Thereafter, the first digital modulator  342 ( 1 ) may again modulate the constant amplitude decomposed digital signals and the DAC  338 ( 1 ) may convert the modulated constant amplitude decomposed digital signals to constant amplitude decomposed analog signals. The advantage of the aforesaid steps of conversion into digital signals, demodulation, modulation and conversion into analog signals is to avoid amplification of analog noise and interference in the relay operation. 
     The constant amplitude decomposed analog signals may be communicated to the first mod-mixer  334 ( 1 ). The first mod-mixer  334 ( 1 ) may modulate the constant amplitude decomposed analog signals and convert into constant amplitude RF signals. Consequently, the constant amplitude RF signals may be further communicated to the first splitter  312 ( 1 ). 
     The first splitter  312 ( 1 ) in the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be configured to split the constant amplitude RF signals received from the first mod-mixer  334 ( 1 ). In accordance with an embodiment, the first splitter  312 ( 1 ) may comprise an input differential pair and two cascode pairs that evenly split the output current into two branches. The first splitter  312 ( 1 ) may further compensate for RF signal loss to achieve an efficient RF power transfer. Next, the first plurality of transmitter front-end phase shifters  314 ( 1 ) may be configured to receive the split RF signals and perform a second phase shift on each of the split RF signals for beam steering of the plurality of RF signals. Next, the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust a second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals on which second phase shift has been performed. The second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals may be adjusted based on a measured power of the beam of RF signals provided by the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ). The amplification gain adjustment may compensate for observed deviations of the output beam of the plurality of RF signals from an optimal power. The first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ) may be placed sufficiently apart from each other and provided respective RF shields to minimize inter-modulation or interference between two PAs. Due to the decomposition of the variable amplitude composite baseband signal into constant amplitude decomposed plurality of RF signals, the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ) may operate with more power efficiency, less non-linearity, less distortion, and at a lower back off. 
     Finally, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain, using vertically-polarized port or horizontally polarized port, to the base station  104  (or another reflector device) as the directed RF beam. The first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via the second radio path, “P2”, of the NLOS radio path. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, the second receiver array  304 ( 2 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive RF signals from the base station  104  (or another reflector device) via the third radio path, “P3”, of the NLOS radio path over the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ). The functionality of the various elements, including the second demod-mixer  332 ( 2 ) and the second mod-mixer  334 ( 2 ), in the second plurality of circuits  302 ( 2 ) is similar to the functionality of the corresponding elements in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ), which has been described above in detail. As the final operation, the second transmitter array  318 ( 2 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain to the CPE  106  as the directed RF beam. The second transmitter array  330 ( 2 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via the fourth radio path, “P4”, of the NLOS radio path. 
       FIG.  4    depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations for an exemplary active reflector device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. The exemplary operations in  FIG.  4    are explained in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 ,  2 , and  3 A to  3 C . Referring to  FIG.  4   , there is shown a flow chart  400  comprising exemplary operations  402  through  416 . 
     At  402 , a plurality of RF signals may be received via a radio path of an NLOS radio path over a communication network. The first receiver array  304 ( 1 ) at the first receiver front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the CPE  106  via a first radio path, “P1”, of the NLOS radio path over the mmWave communication network. Consequently, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may activate the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). 
     At  404 , a first amplification gain of each of the received plurality of RF signals may be adjusted. The first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ) in the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust the first amplification gain of each of the received plurality of RF signals. In other words, the first plurality of LNAs  306 ( 1 ) amplifies low-power RF signals of the plurality of RF signals without significantly degrading corresponding SNR ratio. 
     At  406 , a first phase shift may be performed on each of the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted first amplification gain. The first plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 1 ) may be configured to perform the first phase shift on each of the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted first amplification gain. Accordingly, the received plurality of RF signals interfere to generate a directed receiver gain. 
     At  408 , the plurality of first phase-shifted RF signals, received from the plurality of the first plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 1 ), may be combined. The first combiner  310 ( 1 ), which comprises both active and passive combiners, may be configured to combine the plurality of RF signals on which first amplification gain has been adjusted and thereafter, the first phase shift has been performed. The combined RF signals may be communicated to the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). The first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) is isolated from the first receiver front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ). In accordance with an embodiment, based on the combined RF signals (on which first amplification gain has been adjusted and thereafter, the first phase shift has been performed) and an oscillator signal, the first demod-mixer  332 ( 1 ) may be configured to determine baseband signals. 
     The determined baseband signals may be converted to digital domain by the first ADC  336 ( 1 ) and then demodulated using the first digital demodulator  340 ( 1 ). Thereafter, the first outphasing decomposition unit  344 ( 1 ) may decompose variable amplitudes (or variable envelope) of the baseband signals into constant amplitude (or constant envelope) decomposed digital signals, also referred to as “outphasing.” A digital signal processor (DSP) in the first outphasing decomposition unit  344 ( 1 ) may determine the constant amplitude decomposed digital signals. The constant amplitude decomposed digital signals may have a single constant amplitude level in one implementation. In another implementation, the constant amplitude decomposed digital signals may have a finite number of discrete amplitude levels. The DSP may be implemented, for example, using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC chip. The constant amplitude decomposed digital signals are communicated to the first digital modulator  342 ( 1 ) in the first transmitter front-end. 
     Thereafter, the first digital modulator  342 ( 1 ) may again modulate the constant amplitude decomposed digital signals and the DAC  338 ( 1 ) may convert the modulated constant amplitude decomposed digital signals to constant amplitude decomposed analog signals. The constant amplitude decomposed analog signals may be communicated to the first mod-mixer  334 ( 1 ). The first mod-mixer  334 ( 1 ) may modulate the constant amplitude decomposed analog signals and convert into constant amplitude RF signals. Consequently, the constant amplitude RF signals may be further communicated to the first splitter  312 ( 1 ). 
     At  410 , the constant amplitude RF signals received at the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be split. The first splitter  312 ( 1 ) in the first transmitter front-end of the first plurality of circuits  302 ( 1 ) may be configured to split the received combined RF signals. In accordance with an embodiment, the first splitter  312 ( 1 ) may comprise an input differential pair and cascode pairs that evenly split the output current into two branches. The first splitter  312 ( 1 ) may further compensate for RF signal loss to achieve an efficient RF power transfer of the plurality of RF signals. 
     At  412 , a second phase shift may be performed on each of the split RF signals for beam steering of the plurality of RF signals. The first plurality of transmitter front-end phase shifters  314 ( 1 ) may be configured to receive the split RF signals and perform a second phase shift on each of the split RF signals for beam steering of the plurality of RF signals. 
     At  414 , a second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals (on which second phase shift has been performed) may be adjusted. The first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ) may be configured to adjust the second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals on which second phase shift has been performed. The second amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals may be adjusted based on a measured power of the beam of RF signals provided by the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ). The amplification gain adjustment may compensate for observed deviations of the output beam of the plurality of RF signals from an optimal power. 
     At  416 , the plurality of RF signals, as the directed RF beam, with the adjusted second amplification gain may be transmitted. In accordance with an embodiment, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain, as the directed RF beam, to the base station  104 . In another embodiment, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain, as the directed RF beam, to a passive reflector device, such as the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ). In yet another embodiment, the first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may be configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted second amplification gain, as the directed RF beam, to another active reflector device. The first transmitter array  318 ( 1 ) may transmit the directed beam of RF signals via a radio path, such as the second radio path, “P2”, of the NLOS radio path. 
       FIG.  5    depicts a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations for an exemplary system for providing an NLOS coverage for a communication network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. The exemplary operations in  FIG.  5    are explained in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 ,  2 , and  3 A to  3 C . Referring to  FIG.  5   , there is shown a flow chart  500  comprising exemplary operations  502  through  512 . 
     At  502 , a first equipment and a second equipment may be selected for transmission of a plurality of RF signals to the RF receiver. The base station  104  may dynamically select the first equipment, for example the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ), based on a first set of criteria. The first set of criteria may correspond to, but not limited to, a location of the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ), a relative distance of passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) with respect to the base station  104 , a type of the first physical obstructing object that may completely block the plurality of RF signals, and a passive reflection (i.e. merely deflection at a certain angle without adjustment of amplitude gain or phase shift) of the received plurality of RF signals. 
     The base station  104  may be further configured to dynamically select the second equipment, for example the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), based on a second set of criteria. The second set of criteria may correspond to a location of the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ), a relative distance of active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) with respect to the base station  104  and the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ), a type of the second physical obstructing object that may partially block the plurality of RF signals, remaining radio path with respect to the CPE  106 , and an active reflection of the received plurality of RF signals (with adjustment of amplitude gain and phase shift). The base station  104  may comprise a control device that may be configured to coordinate communication of configuration information to configure or reconfigure the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ). 
     It may be noted that the passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) is selected to provide the first bounce point  112 ( 1 ) as the beam of RF signals is only required to be deflected at a certain angle and the amplitude gain is not required. Further, the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) is selected to provide the second bounce point  112 ( 2 ) as the beam of RF signals are required to be steered at a certain angle. Further, a specific amplitude gain is required so that the beam of RF signals can pass through partial physical obstructing objects, such as the tinted glass of the window of the customer premises  108 , to be received by the CPE  106 . 
     At  504 , the plurality of RF signals may be transmitted to the selected first equipment via the first radio signal path of the NLOS radio path. The base station  104  may transmit the plurality of RF signals to the selected passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) via the first radio signal path  110 ( 1 ). 
     At  506 , the plurality of RF signals, transmitted by the RF transmitter, may be received at the first equipment, via the first radio signal path. The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be configured to receive the plurality of RF signals from the base station  104  at an incident angle. The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may provide the first bounce point  112 ( 1 ) to the plurality of RF signals in transmission. 
     At  508 , the received plurality of RF signals may be passively transmitted to a second equipment via the second radio path of the NLOS radio path. The passive reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may be further configured to passively transmit the plurality of RF signals toward the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) via the second radio signal path  110 ( 2 ). 
     At  510 , the plurality of RF signals, passively transmitted by the first equipment, may be received at the second equipment. The active reflector device  102 ( 1 ) may provide the second bounce point  112 ( 2 ) to the plurality of RF signals in transmission. 
     At  512 , a directed beam of RF signals may be actively transmitted to the RF receiver device via the third radio path of the NLOS radio path. The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may be configured to provide an amplitude gain and steer the incident beam of RF signals based on the phase shift provided by a plurality of phase shifters in the active reflector device  102 ( 2 ). The active reflector device  102 ( 2 ) may actively transmit the directed beam to the CPE  106  via the third radio signal path  110 ( 3 ). The exemplary operations  402  through  416  may be executed for  512  in  FIG.  5   . 
     Various embodiments of the disclosure may provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer implemented instruction that when executed by a first and a second plurality of circuits causes a system to execute operations to adjust a first amplification gain of each of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signals received at a receiver front-end from a first equipment, for example the CPE  106 , via, for example the first radio path “P1” of an NLOS radio path. A first phase shift may be performed by phase shifters, for example the first plurality of receiver front-end phase shifters  308 ( 1 ), on each of the plurality of RF signals with the adjusted first amplification gain. A combination of the plurality of first phase-shifted RF signals may be split by a splitter, for example the first splitter  312 ( 1 ), at a transmitter front-end. A second phase shift on each of the split plurality of first phase-shifted RF signals may be performed by other phase shifters, such as the first plurality of transmitter front-end phase shifters  314 ( 1 ). A second amplification gain of each of the plurality of second phase-shifted RF signals may be adjusted by PAs, such as the first plurality of PAs  316 ( 1 ). 
     While various embodiments described in the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. It is to be understood that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition to using hardware (e.g., within or coupled to a central processing unit (“CPU”), microprocessor, micro controller, digital signal processor, processor core, system on chip (“SOC”) or any other device), implementations may also be embodied in software (e.g. computer readable code, program code, and/or instructions disposed in any form, such as source, object or machine language) disposed for example in a non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store the software. Such software can enable, for example, the function, fabrication, modeling, simulation, description and/or testing of the apparatus and methods describe herein. For example, this can be accomplished through the use of general program languages (e.g., C, C++), hardware description languages (HDL) including Verilog HDL, VHDL, and so on, or other available programs. Such software can be disposed in any known non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as semiconductor, magnetic disc, or optical disc (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc.). The software can also be disposed as computer data embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable transmission medium (e.g., solid state memory any other non-transitory medium including digital, optical, analogue-based medium, such as removable storage media). Embodiments of the present disclosure may include methods of providing the apparatus described herein by providing software describing the apparatus and subsequently transmitting the software as a computer data signal over a communication network including the internet and intranets. 
     It is to be further understood that the system described herein may be included in a semiconductor intellectual property core, such as a microprocessor core (e.g., embodied in HDL) and transformed to hardware in the production of integrated circuits. Additionally, the system described herein may be embodied as a combination of hardware and software. Thus, the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.