Patent Publication Number: US-2023158282-A1

Title: Devices and methods for treating skin

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/165,820 filed Feb. 2, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/517,268 filed Jul. 19, 2019 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,446,477 on Sep. 20, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/660,750 filed Jul. 26, 2017 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,357,641 on Jul. 23, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/700,789 filed Apr. 30, 2015 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,814,868 on Nov. 14, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/267,554 filed Oct. 6, 2011 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,474,886 on Oct. 25, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/392,348 filed Mar. 29, 2006 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,048,089 on Nov. 1, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/755,310 filed Dec. 30, 2005 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/764,668 filed Feb. 2, 2006. The entireties of all of the aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The invention relates in general to the field of skin treatment, and more specifically to apparatuses and methods for treating a person&#39;s skin. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Abrasion of the outer layer or epidermis of the skin is desirable to smooth or blend scars, blemishes, or other skin conditions that may be caused by, for example, acne, sun exposure, and aging. Standard techniques used to abrade the skin have generally been separated into two fields referred to as dermabrasion and microdermabrasion. Both techniques remove portions of the epidermis called the stratum corneum, which the body interprets as a mild injury. The body then replaces the lost skin cells, resulting in a new outer layer of skin. Additionally, despite the mild edema and erythema associated with the procedures, the skin looks and feels smoother because of the new outer layer of skin. 
     Dermabrasion refers to a procedure in which the surface of the skin is removed due to mechanical rubbing by a handpiece with an abrasive element that is often in the form of a burr, wheel, or disc. This process tends to be painful and messy. In fact, the procedure is sometimes painful enough to require a local anesthetic. Dermabrasion leaves the skin red and raw-looking. The removed skin can take several months to regrow and heal. Recent efforts have led to the use of lasers instead of abrasive elements, which have resulted in less bleeding, but the pain and mess remains. 
     Efforts have been made to decrease the mess caused by the process waste, such as removed skin and blood, by adding a suction element. As the process waste is drawn into the suction opening, skin that has not been removed is also pulled against the grit surrounding the suction opening, so the procedure remains fairly messy due to the abrasion that takes place outside of the handpiece by the grit. 
     Microdermabrasion refers generally to a procedure in which the surface of the skin is removed due to mechanical rubbing by a handpiece emitting a stream of sand or grit. For example, a handpiece can be used to direct an air flow containing tiny crystals of aluminum oxide, sodium chloride, or sodium bicarbonate. The momentum of the grit tends to wear away two to three cell layers of the skin with each pass of the handpiece. Alternatively, new “crystal-free” microdermabrasion techniques utilize a diamond-tipped handpiece without a stream of grit. 
     Efforts to add a suction element have been more successful in microdermabrasion than in dermabrasion because the handpiece applying the stream of grit is more controllable to a localized area. That is, as the removed skin is drawn into the suction opening, skin that has not been removed is also pulled towards the handpiece where it is treated with the grit stream, allowing for simultaneous local treatment and suction. 
     Microdermabrasion removes moisture from the skin, so the procedure is always followed by the application of moisturizing creams. However, similar to topical application of moisturizing creams prior to microdermabrasion, the moisturizing elements only work as deep as the active ingredients can passively migrate through the remaining epidermis. 
     SUMMARY 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus for treating skin has a console with a user input device and a handpiece assembly. The handpiece assembly is configured to treat skin. A fluid line provides fluid communication between the console and the handpiece assembly. A manifold system is coupled to the console and controlled by the user input device, such as a computer, touchscreen, keyboard, and the like. The manifold system is configured to hold releasably a plurality of fluid sources and deliver fluid from at least one of the plurality of fluid sources to the handpiece assembly. 
     In some embodiments, a tip comprising a skirt portion is configured to couple to a handpiece for treating a target area on a patient&#39;s skin. A central body portion is coupled to the skirt portion. A first passage extends through the central body portion and is configured to receive a fluid from the handpiece. At least one second passageway extending through the central body portion and is configured to convey the fluid back into the handpiece. An inner member extends in a generally spiral fashion across at least a portion of a distal face of the central body portion. The inner member defines a channel between the first passage and the at least one second passage. When the tip is place against the skin, a chamber can be formed by the channel and the person&#39;s skin. 
     In some embodiments, a method of treating a target region on a patient&#39;s skin comprises providing a tip including a first aperture and at least one second aperture. At least one inner member on the surface of the tip defines at least one channel between the first aperture and the at least one second aperture. An outer member is disposed on the surface of the tip. The outer member engages the target with the tip. A treatment fluid flows distally through the first aperture region and through the at least one channel. The treatment fluid flows proximally through the at least one second aperture. 
     In some embodiments, a tip comprises a skirt portion configured to couple to a handpiece for treating a target on a patient&#39;s skin. A central body portion is coupled to the skirt portion and includes a mounting region substantially opposite the skirt portion. The mounting region configured to receive a pad for treating the skin. A first aperture extends through the skirt portion and the central body portion and configured to receive a fluid from the handpiece. At least one second aperture extending through the skirt portion and the central body portion and configured to convey the fluid back into the handpiece. 
     In some embodiments, a method of treating a target region of a patient comprises providing a tip including a first aperture, at least one second aperture, and a distal end configured to receive a pad. In some variations, the first pad is attached to the distal end. The tip is engaged with the target region. 
     In some embodiments, a manifold system comprises a body portion configured to receive releasably at least two bottles. The manifold is configured so that it can be coupled to a console. The console includes a handpiece for treating skin. At least one elongate member is in communication with a pump and configured to extract a fluid from one of the at least two bottles. At least one switch is configured to permit or inhibit a flow of the fluid from one of the at least two bottles through the pump. In some variations, the elongate member is dimensioned to fit within one of at least two bottles to draw fluid out of the bottle. 
     In some embodiments, a method of treating a target region on a patient&#39;s skin comprises engaging a tip with the patient&#39;s skin such that an effective amount of skin is removed by the tip. In some variations, the tip is a dry tip. After removing an effective amount of skin, another tip (e.g., a wet tip) engages the patient&#39;s skin such that an effective amount of skin is removed by the tip. In some variations, acid is delivered out of the wet tip to facilitate skin removal. In some variations, the wet tip includes a first aperture, at least one second aperture, at least one inner member on the surface of the tip defining at least one channel between the first aperture and the at least one second aperture, and an outer member on the surface of the tip. In some variations, treatment fluid flows outwardly along the channel. In some variations, treatment fluid flows inwardly along the channel. In some variations, the wet tip comprises an abrasive pad. 
     In some embodiments, a method of treating a target region on a patient&#39;s skin comprises engaging a first skin treatment tip with the patient&#39;s skin. A first material is delivered out of the first skin treatment tip to a target region. A second skin treatment tip engages the target region while the first material effectively facilitates exfoliation with the second skin treatment tip. In some variations, the first material comprises an acid, hydrator, and combination thereof. In some variations, the first skin treatment tip is configured to remove skin at a different rate than the second skin treatment tip. In some variations, the first skin treatment tip is configured to exfoliate at a higher rate than the second skin treatment tip. In some variations, material is delivered out of the second treatment tip to the target region of the patient&#39;s skin. 
     The apparatus for treating skin can dispense treatment material that is held in containers, such as bottles, bags, pouches, or other suitable structures for holding and storing material. These containers can be non-refillable or refillable. The treatment material can be delivered by gravity feed, pumps, or suction devices. The manifold system can be used to control fluid flow from a plurality of containers to one or more handpieces. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Having thus summarized the general nature of the invention, certain preferred embodiments and modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description herein having reference to the figures that follow. 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view of one embodiment of a skin treatment system. 
         FIG.  2 A  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a handpiece assembly for use with the skin treatment system of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  2 B  is a side elevational view of the handpiece assembly of  FIG.  2 A . 
         FIG.  3    is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the handpiece assembly of  FIG.  2 B . The handpiece assembly is engaging a person&#39;s skin. 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective view of another embodiment of a handpiece assembly. 
         FIG.  5 A  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tip that can be coupled to a main body of a handpiece assembly to treat a person&#39;s skin. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a top elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  5 A . 
         FIG.  5 C  illustrates a bottom elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  5 A . 
         FIG.  5 D  is a cross-sectional view of the tip of  FIG.  5 B  taken along the line  5 D- 5 D. 
         FIG.  6 A  is a perspective view of a tip in accordance with another embodiment. 
         FIG.  6 B  is a top elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  6 A . 
         FIG.  6 C  is a bottom elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  6 A . 
         FIG.  6 D  is a cross-sectional view of the tip of  FIG.  6 B  taken along the line  6 D- 6 D. 
         FIG.  7 A  is a perspective view of a tip in accordance with another embodiment. 
         FIG.  7 B  is a top elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  7 A . 
         FIG.  7 C  is a bottom elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  7 A . 
         FIG.  7 D  is a cross-sectional view of the tip of  FIG.  7 B  taken along the line  7 D- 7 D. 
         FIG.  8 A  is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a tip for treating a person&#39;s skin. 
         FIG.  8 B  is a top elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  8 A . 
         FIG.  8 C  is a bottom elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  8 A . 
         FIG.  8 D  is a cross-sectional view of the tip of  FIG.  8 B  taken along the line  8 D- 8 D. 
         FIG.  9 A  is a perspective view of still another embodiment of a tip that can be coupled to a main body of a handpiece assembly. 
         FIG.  9 B  is a top elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  9 A . 
         FIG.  9 C  is a bottom elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  9 A . 
         FIG.  9 D  is a cross-sectional view of the tip of  FIG.  9 B  taken along the line  9 D- 9 D. 
         FIG.  10 A  is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tip for treating a person&#39;s skin. 
         FIG.  10 B  is top elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  10 A . 
         FIG.  10 C  is bottom elevational view of the tip of  FIG.  10 A . 
         FIG.  10 D  is a cross-sectional view of the tip of  FIG.  10 B  taken along the line  10 D- 10 D. 
         FIG.  10 E  is a perspective exploded view of the tip of  FIG.  10 A , wherein a pad is spaced from a tip main body. 
         FIGS.  11 A- 11 E  are cross-sectional views of inner members that can be used to exfoliate skin. 
         FIG.  12    is a perspective view of a bottle for use with the skin treatment system of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  13 A  is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a bottle spaced from an insertion tip assembly. 
         FIG.  13 B  is a cross-sectional view of the bottle of  FIG.  12 A  coupled with the insertion tip assembly. 
         FIG.  14 A  is a cross-sectional view of a closure and a bottle. 
         FIG.  14 B  is a cross-sectional view of the closure and bottle of  FIG.  14 A  when assembled. 
         FIG.  15 A  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a manifold system holding a plurality of bottles. 
         FIG.  15 B  is a cross-sectional view of the manifold system of  FIG.  15 A  taken along the line  15 B- 15 B of  FIG.  15 A . 
         FIG.  15 C  is a cross-sectional view of the manifold system of  FIG.  15 A  taken along the line  15 C- 15 C of  FIG.  15 A . 
         FIG.  15 D  is a cross-sectional view of the manifold system of  FIG.  15 C  wherein the bottle has been removed. 
         FIG.  15 E  is a cross-sectional elevational view of the manifold system. 
         FIG.  16    is a perspective view of another embodiment of a skin treatment system. 
         FIG.  17    is a cross-sectional view of a fluid line of the skin treatment system of  FIG.  16    taken along the line  17 - 17 . 
         FIG.  18    is a side elevational view of a handpiece assembly with a removable cartridge. 
         FIG.  19    is a side elevational view of the handpiece assembly and removable cartridge of  FIG.  18   , the cartridge is shown removed from the handpiece assembly. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a skin treatment system  10  that can be used to perform one or more treatments on a person&#39;s skin. The illustrated skin treatment system  10  includes a console  12  and a handpiece assembly  18  connected to the console  12  via a line  20 . A manifold system  24  can control the flow of treatment material from containers  26  into and through the line  20 . The treatment material can be discharged out of the handpiece assembly  18  to treat a person&#39;s skin. The skin treatment system  10  can be used at a hospital, health care physicality, residences, or any other suitable location. 
     As explained in more detail below, the handpiece assembly  18  is applied to the target area of the patient to perform skin treatment(s). As used herein, the term “skin treatment” is a broad term and includes, but is not limited to, skin removal, skin abrasion (e.g., dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, etc.), ablating or slicing skin (preferably a thin layer of skin), stimulation (including thermal, mechanical, electrical, and/or chemical stimulation), mesotherapy, isophoresis, light therapy, vacuum therapy, and the like. Preferably, the handpiece assembly  18  administers a treatment material from at least one of the containers  26  through the line  20  to the target area of the skin while the handpiece assembly  18  engages the skin. 
     As used herein, the term “treatment material” is a broad term and includes, but is not limited to, medicament, a substance tending to flow or conform to the outline of its container such as fluid, gas, liquid (e.g., serums, water, saline, etc.), gel, fluidized material, additives, and/or a plurality of fine solids. The general term “fluid” is used throughout synonymously with the term “treatment material” and is to be given the same broad definition. The handpiece assembly  18  can preferably massage, abrade, ablate, or otherwise treat the target skin area while also applying a treatment material to the patient. In certain embodiments, the treatment material and tip of the handpiece  18  can work in combination for an effective and rapid skin treatment. Additionally, any number of “dry” and “wet” tips can be used alone or in combination for treatment flexibility. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  1    the line  20  is configured to provide fluid communication between the containers  26  and the handpiece assembly  18 . The line  20  can comprise one or more conduits extending between the console  12  and the handpiece assembly  18 . In certain embodiments, the line  20  includes a supply line and a waste line for delivering and returning material, respectively, as detailed below. 
     The distal end  22  of the line  20  is connected to the handpiece assembly  18 . Preferably, the line  20  includes a filter  28  that removes contaminants or impurities from the treatment material passing through the line  20 . In other embodiments, the filter  28  is located in the console  12  or the manifold system  24 . The console  12  can be connected to a power source such as an AC outlet. The power source can power the handpiece assembly  18  and/or other components of the skin treatment system  10 , such as, for example, pumps, valves, and the like. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the console  12  comprises four casters  33  to allow for easy movement, for example, from one treatment room to another treatment room. In such an embodiment, the console  12  can be conveniently rolled on a support surface. Other means of transportation can also be employed or the console  12  can be stationary. In some embodiments, the console  12  is portable for convenient transport. 
     The illustrated containers  26  of  FIG.  1    are preferably releasably coupled to the manifold system  24 . The manifold system  24  can deliver treatment material from the containers  26  to the line  20  as mentioned above. In certain embodiments, the console  12  has a user input device  32  for selecting a treatment material to be passed through the line  20  to the handpiece assembly  18 . During some skin treatment procedures, treatment materials from multiple containers  26  are sequentially or simultaneously applied to the patient&#39;s skin during a “wet” mode of operation. Alternatively, the skin treatment system  10  can be used to deliver a single treatment material to the patient&#39;s skin. In some embodiments, the console  12  can be used for a “dry” mode of operation. That is, the console  12  can be used to exfoliate skin, for example, without delivering little or substantially no treatment fluid. The skin treatment system  10  can thus provide flexibility in selecting a treatment plan. 
     Multiple handpieces assemblies  18  and/or tips  34  can be used during a single skin treatment procedure in a wet and/or dry mode of operation. For example, a first handpiece assembly  18  may be employed to treat a patient&#39;s face and neck while a second handpiece assembly  18  may be employed to treat other larger areas of the patient&#39;s body. Thus, different handpieces  18  can be used to treat different regions of a person&#39;s body. The configurations of the handpieces  18  and tips can be selected based on the treatment material to be applied, desired interaction with the patient&#39;s skin, size of treatment area, skin condition, and the like. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B , the handpiece assembly  18  includes a main body  30  and a tip  34 . The handpiece assembly  18  can be conveniently held within the hand of a user so that the user can place the tip  34  in operative engagement with a person&#39;s skin. The user is typically an aesthetician (e.g., an aesthetician allowed to perform microdermabrasion), doctor, and other medical personnel, such as a physician assistant and nurse practitioner. In some cases, the user is the person whose skin is being treated. 
     The main body  30  has contoured portions  70  at its distal end  36  so that the user can comfortably grip the handpiece assembly  18  during use. The main body  30  can have other designs to provide a comfortable grip.  FIG.  2 A  illustrates an embodiment in which the main body  30  is substantially flat on two opposing sides.  FIG.  4    illustrates an embodiment in which the main body  30  is generally cylindrical. 
     As noted above, the tip  34  can be pressed against a patient&#39;s skin to perform a skin treatment. The distal end  102  of the tip  34  may be angled with respect to the handpiece assembly  18  to increase the contact area with the patient&#39;s skin without enlarging the handpiece assembly  18  for an ergonomic and comfortable design. The angled tip  34  can lay flat on the skin while the main body  30  is angled to the skin. The angle between the face of the distal end  102  and the longitudinal axis of the handpiece assembly  18  can be selected based on the desired size of the face of the distal end  102 . In alternative embodiments, the face of the distal end  102  is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the main body  30 . 
     The tip  34  can be permanently or temporarily coupled to the distal end  36  of the main body  30 . In some embodiments, the tip  34  is disposable. As used herein, the term “disposable,” when applied to a system or component (or combination of components), such as a tip, container, or pad, is a broad term and means, without limitation, that the component in question is used a finite number of times and then discarded. Some disposable components are used only once and then discarded. Other disposable components are used more than once and then discarded. In some embodiments, the tip  34  is removably coupled to the main body  30  such that the tip may be removed from the main body  30  and thrown away to avoid cross-contamination. In other embodiments, the tip  34  is a reusable tip that can be cleaned, for example by autoclaving, after each use. The tip  34  can thus be used for any number of procedures as desired. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B , the proximal end  40  of the main body  30  is operatively connected to the line  20 . In the embodiment illustrated, the line  20  includes an output line  50  for removing waste from the handpiece assembly  18  and an input line  52  for delivering treatment material to the handpiece assembly  18 . The proximal end  40  of the main body  30  includes a plurality of connectors  44 ,  46 , each connected to one of the conduits  50 ,  52 . The illustrated input line  52  is connected to the connector  46 , and the output line  50  is connected to the connector  44 . 
     The input line  52  delivers treatment material from at least one of the containers  26  to the connector  46 . The fluid then flows through the main body  30  and ultimately to the tip  34 . As shown in  FIG.  3   , the main body  30  comprises a plurality of lumens  90 ,  92  in a fluid communication with the tip  34 . Fluid from the input line  52  can flow through the input lumen  92  to the tip  34 . The fluid then flows out of the tip  34  to a target skin area. The fluid is then trapped in the space  100  between the skin  80  and the tip  34 . To remove the fluid, the fluid flows proximally through the lumen  90  to the output line  50 . The fluid passes through the output line  50  and into the console  12 . As such, fluid can continuously or intermittently flow through the handpiece assembly  18 . 
     To treat the person&#39;s skin  80 , the handpiece assembly  18  can also be moved relative to the skin  80  such that the tip  34  maintains engagement with the skin  80 . The illustrated tip  34  is configured to massage the skin  80  while also providing fluid communication with the skin  80 . As detailed below in connection with  FIGS.  5 A through  10   , the tip can include sharp planing blades, blades (e.g., razor blades), raised sharp areas, molded posts, grits, or other structures for treating skin, as detailed below. 
     When the tip  34  and treatment material are used in combination, the handpiece assembly  18  preferably exfoliates dead skin cells and extracts impurities by applying a vacuum while simultaneously bathing the healthy underlying skin with active treatment material. The active treatment material can facilitate cleansing, exfoliating, hydrating, and/or provide residual antioxidant protection. The treatment material and tip  34 , alone or in combination, can effectively and rapidly treat the target skin area. The waste material, including the used treatment material, removed skin, and/or grit, can then be drawn back through the tip  34 , the main body  30  via lumen  90 , and into the connector  44 . The waste then flows into the output line  50  for subsequent disposal, as detailed below in connection with  FIG.  4   . 
     In some embodiments, including the illustrated embodiment of  FIG.  3   , the tip  34  has a tip connector  98  (see  FIGS.  5 C and  5 D ) that mates with the lumen  92 . The tip  34  can provide fluid communication from the tip connector  98  to the space  100  via a through-hole  122 . One or more through-holes  114  define fluid passageways through the tip  34  between the space  100  and the intermediate chamber  116 . 
     The intermediate chamber  116  can be interposed between the through-holes  114  and the lumen  90 . The intermediate chamber  116  is preferably defined by the distal face  43  of the main body  30  and the proximal face  41  of the tip  34 . The intermediate chamber  116  can provide equalization of fluid between the tip  34  and the body  30 . As such, a generally equal vacuum is applied to both through-holes  114 . The fluid can flow through the through-holes  114 , into the intermediate chamber  116 , and then into the lumen  90 . In some embodiments, however, the fluid flows directly from the through-holes  114  to the lumen  90  without passing through an intermediate chamber  116 . 
     The tip  34  can have one or more sealing members to form a fluidic seal between the tip  34  and the main body  30 . The illustrated main body  30  includes a sealing member  47  that engages the inner surface of the skirt  64  of the tip  34 . The sealing member  47  can be a compliant member comprising rubber, polymer, plastic, or other suitable material for forming seals. In some embodiments, the sealing member  47  is an O-ring made of rubber. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  3   , during use, treatment material can flow distally through the lumen  92  into the through-hole  122 . The treatment material then proceeds through and out of the through-hole  122  into the space  180 . Preferably, the treatment material spreads radially outward to the peripheral through-holes  114 . The material can then flow through the through-holes  114  into the lumen  90  for subsequent removal. 
     In alternative embodiments, the fluid flows in the opposite direction. That is, the line  50  delivers fluid through the lumen  90  into the tip  34 . The fluid flows through the intermediate chamber  116  and the through-holes  114 . The fluid then flows to the chamber  100  and inwardly through the tip connector  98  to the lumen  92 . The fluid proceeds proximally along the lumen  92  and ultimately into the line  52 . 
     In yet another embodiment, the handpiece assembly  18  comprises two or more input lumens  90 . Such a design allows mixing of two or more treatment materials within the handpiece assembly  18  or space  100 , which would be useful for treatments with fluids that react or are unstable or degrade when stored or mixed. 
     As depicted in  FIG.  4   , the handpiece assembly  18  can optionally include a controller  60  that is configured to control the fluid flow out of the tip  34 . The illustrated controller  60  can be operated to increase or decrease the flow rate of treatment fluid out of the tip  34 . Alternatively or additionally, the controller  60  may control the flow rate of waste fluid flowing through the handpiece assembly  18  to the output line  50 . When control of the waste treatment fluid and waste fluid is independent, the detention time of the fluid in the tip  34  may be adjusted as desired. 
     The illustrated controller  60  is a generally cylindrical body that is pivotally connected to the main body  30 .  FIG.  4    illustrates an embodiment in which the controller  60  is recessed into and partially hidden by the main body  30 , although in other embodiments the controller  60  may encircle the main body  30 . The controller  60  may include textured grooves to provide for easier manipulation. In some embodiments, the controller  60  is located near the distal end  36  of the handpiece assembly  18  proximal or distal of the contoured portion  70 . The type and configuration of the controller  60  can be selected based on the design of the handpiece assembly  18 . The controller  60  can also be a rotatable knob or handle, digital controller, and the like. 
     The handpiece assembly  18  can also include one or more flow rate controllers within the main body  30  that cooperate with the controller  60  to adjust the fluid flow out of the tip  34 . For example, the controller  60  may comprise a flow control valve such as a globe valve, butterfly valve, needle valve, or variable orifice. Other types of flow rate controllers can also be used, such as an electrically controlled solenoid valve. In embodiments where the fluid flow is electronically controlled, the valve system may alternatively be located in the console  12  or manifold system  24 . Separate devices can also be used to control the flow of treatment material. For example, clamps, pinch valves, or other suitable devices can be used to control fluid flow through the lines  50 ,  52 . 
     Various types of tips  34  can be used with the handpiece assemblies  18  illustrated in  FIGS.  1  to  4   .  FIGS.  5 A through  10 E  illustrate embodiments, for example, of tips  34  that can be used with these handpiece assemblies  18 . These tips  34  can be interchangeable to provide maximum treatment flexibility. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  5 A through  10 E , the tip  34  comprises the skirt  64  and a tip main body  66  extending outwardly therefrom. The skirt  64  is preferably configured to provide a gripping surface suitable for applying leverage or force sufficient to remove the tip  34  from the main body  30 . In some embodiments, the skirt  64  includes internal threads such that it can be mechanically coupled to external threads on the distal end  36  of the main body  30 . In some embodiments, the tip  34  can be press fit onto the main body  30 . Frictional forces can retain the tip  34  to the main body  30 . 
     With respect to  FIGS.  5 A through  7   , the tip  34  comprises an outer member  120  and an inner member  124 . The outer member  120  preferably defines the periphery of the distal end  102  of the tip  34 . When the tip  34  is placed against skin, the outer member  120  can inhibit fluid flow between the tip  34  and the skin and define the outer portion of the space  100 . 
     The inner member  124  is preferably spaced from the outer member  120  to define one or more channels. The illustrated outer member  120  defines a continuous channel  140  that extends outwardly from the central through-hole  122  towards at least one of the outer through-holes  114 . The inner member  120  can form the sidewalls of the channel  140 . Any suitable configuration of channels  140  can be used to provide fluid flow along a flow path. The illustrated channels  140  have a somewhat U-shaped axial cross-sectional profile, as depicted in  FIG.  8 A . The channel  140  can have a V-shaped, curved, or any other suitable cross sectional profile. A flow path between the through-holes in the tip  34  can be defined at least in part by the channels. 
     The spiral-like pattern of the inner members  124  in  FIGS.  5  through  7    varies. For example, the inner member  124  in  FIG.  5    extends about a longitudinal axis  143  of the tip  34  approximately one and a half times, the inner member  124  in  FIG.  6    extends about the tip  34  approximately two and a half times, and the inner member  124  in  FIG.  7    rotates about the tip  34  approximately one and three quarters times. In some embodiments, the inner member  124  subtends an angle of about 70°, 135°, 180°, 210°, 225°, 270°, 315°, 360°, and angles encompassing such ranges. In yet other embodiments, the inner member  124  subtends an angle of about 405°, 450°, or 495°. The tightness of the spiral in combination with the location and number of through-holes  114  affects the detention time of the fluid in the channel  140 . Generally, a tighter spiral results in a longer the pathway (i.e., the length of the channel  140 ) from delivery through-hole  122  to the return through-holes  114 . Fluid traveling down the longer pathway is in contact with the person&#39;s skin  80  for a longer period of time. Thus, tighter spirals lead to increased contact time between the fluid and the skin  80 . These longer contact times can increase the effectiveness of the fluid because the skin can absorb an adequate amount of active ingredients of the treatment material. Fluid retention time on the patient&#39;s skin can be increased to increase hydration, serum retention, and the like. Shorter pathways can be used to reduce contact time between the fluid and the patient&#39;s skin. In some embodiments, for example, the tip  34  of  FIGS.  5 A to  5 D  has a relatively short pathway to limit absorption of fluids, achieve relatively high flow rates, and the like. 
     Additionally, the inner members  124  can be configured to remove tissue. The inner member  124  can be an abrasive member designed to remove tissue when the inner member  124  slides along a person&#39;s skin. The user may select a tip  34  based on the appropriate detention time and abrasiveness for the treatment being applied. For example, the tip  34  illustrated in  FIG.  7    will provide less abrasion than the tip illustrated in  FIG.  6   , but the tip  34  illustrated in  FIG.  7    will provide a longer detention time than the tip  34  illustrated in  FIG.  5   . 
     The illustrated tip  34  includes a generally continuous inner member  124  that extends from near the through-hole  122  towards at least one of the through-holes  114 . In other embodiments, the tip  34  can have a plurality of inner members  124 . For example, the inner members  124  can be linear, curved, and may be continuous or discontinuous. 
     The handpiece assembly  18  can be moved while the spiral-like inner member  124  engages the patient&#39;s skin. The movement of the handpiece assembly  18  can increase the effectiveness of the treatment material expelled out of the tip  34 . In some embodiments, for example, the tip  34  can be used with a lifting treatment material that facilitates extractions of, for example, sebum, blackheads, skin, or other substances (e.g., oils, dead skin, etc.). The lifting treatment extraction producer can unclog pores to improve the treated skin&#39;s overall appearance. To facilitate extractions, the handpiece assembly  18  can be twisted or rotated while the tip  34  is pressed against the patient&#39;s skin. The twisting action and the lifting treatment material can work in combination for effective extractions. In alternative embodiments, a handpiece assembly  18  can also be used without a lifting treatment material for extractions by employing the twisting motion. 
     In certain embodiments, the spiral-like tip  34  massages the skin  80 . In other embodiments, the spiral-like tip  34  ablates the skin  80 . For example, the inner members  124  may act as blades to cut thin layers from the skin  80  when the user twists the handpiece assembly  18 . Twisting the handpiece assembly  18  causes the tip  34  to rotate about the twisting axis, rotating the sharp inner members  124  against the skin  80 , which causes ablation. Thin layers of skin can thus be removed by the handpiece assembly  18 . Additionally or alternatively, the spiral-like tip  34  may plane along skin when a fluid is applied to the skin. The planing tip  34  can remove a thin layer of the skin (e.g., the stratum corneum, preferably hydrated stratum corneum). Accordingly, the user can use the handpiece assembly  18  to remove a particular amount of skin. 
     A vacuum can be applied by the handpiece assembly  18 . For example, the console  12  can have a pump that applies a vacuum via the output line  52 . The negative pressure draws waste material into the through-holes  114  and out of the handpiece assembly  18 . When the tip  34  engages the patient&#39;s skin, the vacuum can draw the skin against the tip  34  to enhance the effectiveness of the inner members  124 . The vacuum can be increased or decreased to increase or decrease, respectively, for example, frictional forces, depth of cutting, amount of abrasion, and the like. To rapidly remove skin, a strong vacuum can be applied to the person&#39;s skin so that the skin is pulled against the inner member  124 . The vacuum can also facilitated removal of the waste fluid captured between the tip  34  and the patient&#39;s skin. A vacuum can also be used in combination with the tips illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 10 E . The vacuum can also be varied based on the thickness, compliance, and other properties of the skin surface 
     The tip  34  can have any suitable number of through-holes  114 ,  122  to achieve the desired fluid flow between the skin  80  and the tip  34 . For example,  FIG.  5 A to  5 D  illustrate an embodiment with two through-holes  114 . The number of through-holes  114 ,  122  can be chosen based on the cross-sectional areas of the through-holes  114 ,  122  and the expected flow rate of the fluid through the channel  100 . Preferably, one end of through-holes  114  is positioned between the inner member  124  and the outer member  120 . In some embodiments, including the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS.  5 A through  7   , the through-holes  114  are positioned generally midway between the outer member  120  and inner member  124 . 
     The tips can also have one or more energy sources for delivering energy to the skin. Radiant energy, heat, and the like can be delivered to the skin by the tips. The tip  34  illustrated in  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D  has a pair of energy sources  151  in the form of LEDs. When the tip  34  is proximate the patient&#39;s skin, the LEDs  151  can deliver a desired amount of energy to the skin. The illustrated tip  34  has four LEDs; however, any number of LEDs can be employed. 
     In alternative embodiments, the tips can carry deployable material. The structure  151  can be in the form of a cavity or pocket that contain and carry material that is released when it engages the treatment fluid. The material in the cavities  151  can be made of any of the treatment materials disclosed herein, and can be in a solid form. For example, the cavities can hold lubricant or soap that is released when the tip is applied to skin. 
       FIGS.  8 A through  8 D  illustrate another embodiment of a tip  34  when the inner member  124  includes a ring with perforations  140  that provide fluid communication between the through-hole  122  and through-holes  114 . A space  100  can be defined between the inner member  124 , perforations  140 , and outer member  120  when the tip  34  is in operative engagement with the skin  80 .  FIG.  8 C  illustrates an embodiment with eight through-holes  114 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  8 A through  8 D , the inner member  124  forms recessed regions  171 , allowing for a larger area of fluid contact with the skin  80  then the tips  34  illustrated in  FIGS.  5  through  7   . 
       FIGS.  9 A through  9 D  illustrate another embodiment of a tip  34  comprising an outer member  120  and an array of protruding inner members  124 . A recessed region  191  is defined between the inner members  124  and the outer member  120 . The inner members  124  of  FIGS.  9 A to  9 D  can be posts that are similar to the inner members described above. The post  124 , for example, can have relatively sharp edges. These edges can be used to remove skin. In some embodiments, the inner members  124  can have relatively sharp planing blades. The tip  34  illustrated in  FIGS.  9 A through  9 D  allows for more freedom of movement of the treatment fluid. The protruding inner members  124  preferably abrade the skin differently than the tips  34  illustrated in  FIGS.  5 A through  8   . Rather than being able to ablate large sections of the skin  80  like a blade, as the tips  34  in  FIGS.  5 A- 8    can do in certain embodiments, the plurality of protruding inner members  124  can ablate or roughen a plurality of smaller sections of the skin  80 . 
     The protruding member  124  can optionally contain treatment material. For example, the protruding members  124  can be generally cylindrical members having a passageway or chamber  127  that holds treatment material. Thus, fluid can be used in combination with treatment material coupled to the tip  34 . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  5 A through  9   , the inner member  124  preferably has a height from the distal surface that is generally less than the height of the outer member  120 . In some non-limiting embodiments, the height of the inner member  124  is less than 90%, 70%, 60%, 50%, and ranges encompassing such percentages of the height of the outer member  120 . However, in other embodiments, the inner member  124  has a height that is generally greater than the height of the outer member  120 . For example, the inner member  124  can have a height that is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% greater than the height of the outer member  120 . The inner member  124  can thus protrude from the tip  34 . A skilled artisan can select a desired height of the inner member  124  and/or the outer member  120  to achieve the desired interaction with the person&#39;s skin  80 . 
       FIGS.  10 A through  10 E  illustrate another embodiment of a tip  34  comprising an outer member  120  and a pad  128 .  FIG.  10 E  depicts the pad  128  removed from the tip  34 . The tip  34  preferably has a mounting surface  227  that is surrounded by the outer member  120 . The pad  128  can be permanently or temporarily coupled to the mounting surface  227 . 
     The pad  128  preferably has a distal surface  224  configured to treat a person&#39;s skin. In some embodiments, the pad  128  is a disposable pad that comprises treatment material attached thereto. For example, the pad  128  may comprise vitamins, moisturizers, antioxidants, and the like. Preferably, the pad  128  comprises an adhesive proximal side and a distal side  224  including an abrasive surface. The abrasive surface can have grit, a plurality of members (e.g., members similar to the inner members  124  described above), or the like. The pad  128  can be permanently coupled to the mating surface  227  so that the tip  34  can be used for an extended length of time, or for multiple treatments. In alternative embodiments, the tip  34  is removable for maximum flexibility in selecting pad abrasiveness, and also allows the user to make changes to the tip  34  without changing the tip  34  in its entirety. The grit rating of abrasive surface of the distal surface  224  can be selected based on the desired rate of skin removal. 
     The illustrated pad  128  is generally elliptical and planar. In alternative embodiments, the pad  128  can be polygonal, circular, or have any other shape as desired. The pad  128  can have cutouts  225  that can match the through-holes  114 ,  122 . The cutouts  225  can be aligned with the through-holes  114 ,  122  when the pad  128  is coupled to the mounting surface  227  of the tip  34 , as shown in  FIGS.  10 A to  10 D . The illustrated mounting surface  227  defines a plurality of tip flow channels  229  extending between the through-holes  114 ,  122 . When the tip  34  is assembled, fluid can flow along the channels  229  between the main body  66  and the pad  128 . 
     Various types of adhesives can be used to temporarily or permanently couple the pad  128  to the mounting surface  227 . As used herein, the term “adhesive” is a broad term and includes, but is not limited to, coupling agents, glues, bonding materials, or the like. In some embodiments, for example, waterproof pressure sensitive adhesives are used for releasably coupling the pad  128  to the mounting surface  227 . In some embodiments, the pad  128  can be permanently coupled to the mounting surface  227 . For example, the pad  128  can be bonded or fused to the main body  66 . Additionally or alternatively, snap fittings, fasteners, or other coupling structures can be used to mount the pad  128 . 
     The tip  34  described above can be used for wet or dry modes of operation. As such, the tip  34  can be used for wet exfoliation or dry exfoliation. In some embodiments, the tip  34  is used in a dry mode to remove a desired amount of skin. After removing a desired amount of skin, the tip  34  can be used in a wet mode on the same or different area of the patient&#39;s kin. During wet mode, fluid can be passed out of the tip  34  onto the patient&#39;s skin. The wet tip  34  can exfoliate, hydrate, and/or perform other types of treatments. Alternatively, the tip  34  can be used in a wet mode and than a dry mode. The sequence of wet and dry modes of operation can be selected based on the type of tip, treatment material, skin condition, and the like. 
     Although the handpiece assemblies are primarily discussed with respect to use with treatment material, the handpiece assemblies can be used without treatment material, i.e., the handpieces can be used in a dry procedure. Dry procedures can be used for non-hydration procedures and may require less post-procedure clean up. 
     Various fabrication techniques can be employed to make the tips  34  as mentioned above in connection with  FIGS.  11 A- 11 E . In some embodiments, the tips  34  are formed through a molding process, such as an injection or compression molding process. The tips  34  of  FIGS.  5 A to  5 D , for example, can be monolithically formed through an injection molding process. Alternatively, the tip  34  of can have a multi-piece construction, if desired. The tips  34  can be made of polymers, rubbers, metals, or other suitable materials. 
     The tips  34  can also be fabricated in a multi-step process. For example, the main body  66  and skirt  64  can be formed in a single process. A textured surface (e.g., pad, inner members  124 , etc.) can be applied to the main body  66  in a subsequent process. The textured surface can be formed by cutting, embossing, adding material (e.g., a pad, adhesive grit, etc.), a roughening implement, stamping process, or other suitable texturing means. 
     The tips can have associated treatment materials, including, for example, a medicament. As used herein, the term “medicament” is a broad term and includes, without limitation, growth agents, growth factors or hormones, growth inhibitors, serums, treatment material, cleaners, vitamins, exfoliators, lubricants, or other substances that can be used to treat a patient&#39;s skin. The medicament can be associated with the tip  34  by imbedding, overlaying, coating, impregnation, co-mixing, absorption, or other suitable means for associating the medicament with the tip  34 . The medicament can be hardened so that it can further enhance massaging and/or abrasion. In some embodiments, the medicament forms hardened grit that can be imbedded on the surface of the tip  34 . The grit can work in combination with the inner members  124  to treat a person&#39;s skin. If a fluid is used, the fluid can facilitate the release of the medicament from the tip  34 . In some embodiments, the medicament comprises or more bioactive substances, such as antibiotics, substances for accelerating the healing of the wound, cell proliferation agents, and the like. Such bioactive substances may be desirable because they contribute to the healing of damaged or removed skin, as well as reducing the likelihood of infection. 
       FIGS.  11 A to  11 E  illustrate different cross-sections of inner members that can be used with the tips illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 10 E . The inner member  124  of FIG.  11 A has generally sharp tip  253  for removing tissue. The tip  253  can have any suitable configuration for removing tissue from a patient.  FIG.  11 B  illustrates an inner member  124  that has a pair of cutting edges  253  and a generally trapezoidal shape.  FIG.  11 C  illustrates an inner member  124  that has a surface treatment  255  for treating a person&#39;s skin. The surface treatment  255  can be serrations, grooves, grit, roughed surface, protrusions, and the like. The type of surface treatment  255  can be selected based on the procedure to be performed.  FIG.  11 D  illustrates another inner member  124  having a pair of cutting edges  253 . The cutting edges  253  are spaced from each other and protrude outwardly. The central portion  257  is generally V-shaped; however, the central portion  257  can have other configurations. For example,  FIG.  11 E  illustrates a central portion  257  that has a curved, semi-circular profile. In alternative embodiments, the inner member  124  can have more than two cutting edges. 
     The inner members  124  of  FIGS.  11 A to  11 E  can be formed by a molding process, such as an injection molding process. Additionally or alternatively, the inner members  124  can be formed by a machining process. For example, at least a portion of the inner member  124  of  FIGS.  11 D to  11 E  can be formed through a machining process. In some embodiments, the central portion  257  can be formed by cutting material out of the inner member  124 . The fabrication process (e.g., molding, injection molding, compression molding, machining, milling, etc.) can be selected based on the design of the inner members. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the console  12  includes a manifold system  24  that holds containers  26  containing treatment fluids and/or antimicrobial agents. In a preferred embodiment, the console  12  holds four containers  26 , three containing different treatment fluids and one containing an antimicrobial agent. In the illustrated embodiment, the largest container  26  holds antimicrobial agent for cleaning and sanitizing the fluid lines of the console  12 . The containers  26  can also hold other suitable substances, such as surfactants, disinfectants, sanitizers, and the like, for cleaning and/or sanitizing the skin treatment system  10 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  12  and  12 A , the container  26  can be a fluid source such as a bottle comprising a body  262 , a neck  264 , and a closure assembly  266 . The neck  264  includes a threaded neck finish and the closure  266  includes a threaded interior surface, allowing it to screw onto the neck  264 . The closure  266  can be permanently or temporarily coupled to the neck  264 . The illustrated bottle  26  is a non-refillable, disposable bottle. As used herein, the term “non-refillable” is a broad term that includes, but is not limited to, components that cannot be easily refilled with a treatment material. For example, the illustrated non-refillable bottle  26  cannot be refilled without substantial difficulty. 
     Bodies  262  of the containers  26  may be formed by stretch blow molding a preform into the desired shape. In other embodiments, the body  262  and a neck  264  can be formed by extrusion blow molding. For example, the bottle of  FIG.  13 A  can be formed by extrusion blow molding. The containers  26  can be made of polymers, thermosets, thermoplastic materials such as polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), polyolefins, including polypropylene and polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyamides including nylons, epoxies, and/or acrylics. The material can be virgin or post-consumer/recycled. However, other suitable materials known in the art can also be used. 
     In some embodiments, including the illustrated embodiment of  FIGS.  12  and  12 B , the closure  266  is welded (e.g., induction welded) to an upper edge  269  of the neck  264 . A sealing member  267  can be interposed between the upper edge of the neck  269  and the closure  266 . In some embodiments, the sealing member  267  is made out of a conductive metal, such as aluminum, that preferably does not react with the fluid in the bottle  26 . In other embodiments, the seal  267  comprises plastic, such as cellophane, polypropylene, or other suitable material, preferably suitable for coupling to the closure  266  and upper edge  269 . In some embodiments, the sealing member  267  comprises metal that is at least partially coated with a polymer, such as polypropylene. Induction welding can be used to couple the polypropylene to the closure  266  and neck  264 , both of which can also comprise polypropylene. 
       FIG.  14 A  illustrates another embodiment of a bottle  26 . The closure  266  includes locking members  268  that engage the neck  264 , but do not allow removal of the closure  266  from the bottle  26  when assembled, as shown in  FIG.  13 B . The locking closure  266  may include a sealing member  267 , for example as described above. 
     In either of the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS.  12  through  14 B , the closure  266  may then be sealed with a second closure (not shown), creating multi-piece closures. For example, a screw cap can be threaded onto the external threads  273  at the top end of the closure  266 . In these embodiments, the treatment fluid inside the bottle  26  may be accessed by puncturing or otherwise breaking the seal  267 , for example with an insertion tip assembly  59  (see  FIG.  13 A ). 
     The insertion tip assembly  59  has an elongate member  161  that comprises a fluid pick up conduit  62  and lancing tip  64  extending from the distal end of the conduit  62 . In the illustrated embodiment, the lancing tip  64  is a tubular member having a somewhat sharp distal end. To access treatment fluid in the bottle  26 , the lancing tip  64  can be inserted into the closure passageway  73  of the closure  266 . The lancing tip  64  can be advanced through the passageway  73  until it breaks the sealing member  267 . The elongate member  161  can be sufficiently rigid such that it can break the sealing member  267  without buckling. The elongate member  161  can comprise metal, polymers, plastics, or any suitable material. 
     The fluid pick up conduit  62  and lancing tip  64  can be slid through the passageway  73  until the stop  91  is spaced from the upper edge of the closure  266 . In alternative embodiments, the insertion tip assembly  59  can be slid through the passageway  73  until the stop  91  contacts the upper edge of the closure  266 , as shown in  FIG.  12 B . After the insertion tip assembly  59  and bottle  26  are assembled, as shown in  FIG.  12 B , the treatment material can be draw upwardly through the lancing tip  64  and the fluid pick up conduit  62 . The treatment material can flow through a passageway of the insertion tip assembly  59  and to the manifold assembly  24 . 
     In certain embodiments, the treatment fluid applied from the containers  26  may be selected from the console  12  for a particular treatment or skin type. In one embodiment, the treatment fluid may comprise a skin rejuvenation serum. Skin rejuvenation serum cleans the skin  80  deeply while softening sebum and impurities to aid in extractions. Skin rejuvenation serum also assists in dislodging dead cells for extraction and exfoliation by the tip  34  as well as providing residual hydration that aids in firming and smoothing fine lines, resulting in clean, refined, and ultra-moisturized skin  80 . Preferably, a skin rejuvenation treatment serum is active-4™, available from Edge Systems Corp., 2277 Redondo Ave., Signal Hill, Calif., 90755, (800) 603-4996. In another embodiment, the treatment fluid may comprise a salicylic acid serum. A salicylic acid serum cleans oily skin deeply while softening sebum and impurities to aid in extraction and exfoliation by the tip  34 . Hydration additives in the salicylic acid serum create an ultra-moisturized skin surface, and is blended to remain on the face for the best possible benefit. Preferably, a salicylic acid treatment fluid is beta-hd™, also available from Edge Systems Corp. In yet another embodiment, the treatment fluid may comprise antioxidants. The antioxidant serum is a hybrid that combats free radicals and environmental damage to the cells. The antioxidant serum is formulated with a blend of the most effective antioxidant ingredients. The antioxidant serum is an absorbable, leave-on service that improves the appearance of age signs as well as texture and clarity. Preferably, an antioxidant treatment fluid is antiox-6™ also available from Edge Systems Corp. The treatment fluids may comprise agents known to be beneficial to skin healing and/or hydration including but not limited to glucosamine, laminaria digitata extract, yeast extract, carbamide, lactic acid, sodium lactate, honey extract, pentylene glycol, spirea ulmaria extract, camellia sinensis leaf (white tea) extract, horse chestnut extract, stabilized vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, C, and E, tocopherol, inositol, calcium panthothenate, linoleic acid, rosemarinus officinalis extract, biotin, and aloins such as anthraquinone gycosides, polysaccharides, sterols, gelonins, and chromones. 
     A single treatment may comprise the serial use of several treatment fluids from the containers  26 . For example, the treatment of acne prone skin may comprise salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of aging skin may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of congestion (e.g., blackheads) may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of damaged skin (e.g., due to medication or smoking) may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of skin may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of hyperpigmentation may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of melasma may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, the treatment of sensitive skin may comprise skin rejuvenator treatment followed by antioxidant treatment, and the treatment of thin skin may comprise salicylic treatment followed by antioxidant treatment. Alternatively, a single treatment may comprise the parallel use of a combination of treatment fluids from the containers  26 , for example using a handpiece with a plurality of input lumens  90  as described above. Treatment time with each treatment fluid is preferably about 2 to 20 minutes, but may be longer or shorter depending on the patient, the tip  34  used, and the treatment itself. 
     The treatment materials can be used for acne (e.g., by removing oils, bacteria, etc.), melasma, damaged skin (e.g., sun damaged skin, burns, free radical damage, etc.), extractions, skin lightening and/or brightening, skin lines (e.g., fine lines, wrinkles, creases, etc.), dry skin, and the like. The treatment materials can improve skin elasticity and overall health of the skin. For example, if the skin is damaged, antioxidants can be applied to damaged area. Accordingly, the skin treatment system  10  can be used to improve the health, appearance, and/or function of a person&#39;s skin. 
     Additionally, the line  20  may be periodically flushed with a fluid (e.g., a antimicrobial fluid, water, etc.) contained in one of the containers  26 . Antimicrobial fluids can contain any disinfecting agent compatible with skin including, but not limited to, butylene glycol, phenoxyethanol, and methyl isothiazolinone. Preferably, an antimicrobial fluid is rinseaway™, available from Edge Systems Corp. The line  20  should be flushed with antimicrobial fluid at least at the end of each service day. Flushing with antimicrobial fluid is more important when the system is not used for consecutive days. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the console  12  comprises the manifold system  24  designed to draw treatment fluid from at least one of the containers  26  based on user selection. The manifold system  24  may include switches  29 , each corresponding to one of the bottles. The switches  29  can be used to control fluid flow from the containers  26 . The illustrated switches  29  can be used to turn Off/On to permit or prevent fluid flow from the bottles  26 . The illustrated manifold system  24  has a switch corresponding to each bottle  26 . As such, the switches can be used to independently control fluid flow from each of the bottles  26 . In other embodiments, a single switch can be used to control the flow of treatment fluid from more than one of the bottles  26 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  1   , the button  246  can be operated to release a corresponding bottle  26  from the manifold system  24 .  FIG.  15 A  is front perspective view an embodiment in which the manifold system  24  contains quick-release locks connected to the button  246 , wherein the quick-release locks capture the containers  26 . As illustrated in  FIGS.  14 B and  14 C , the quick-release locks  242  engage the closure  266  when the bottle  26  is inserted into the manifold system  24 . When the quick-release lock  242  is manually engaged by a user, for example by pulling the button  246 , a slide structure  249  surrounding the closure  266  releases, thereby releasing the bottle  26  from the manifold system  24 . 
       FIG.  15 E  illustrates the slide structure  249  holding the neck  264  of the bottle  26  in an elongated slot  309 . The button  246  can be pushed inwardly (indicated by the arrow  313 ) so that the neck  264  is positioned within the enlarged aperture  317 . The bottle  26  can then slide downwardly out of the manifold system  24 . The bottle  26  can be replaced with another bottle  26 . 
     To couple the bottle  26  to the manifold system  24 , the closure  266  can be inserted through the aperture  317  of the slide structure  249  when the button  246  is pushed in. Once the closure  266  engages the stop surface  333  ( FIG.  15 C ), the spring  247  can push the slide structure  249  until the flange  335  of the bottle  26  rests on the slide structure  249 , as shown in  FIG.  15 C . In such a position, the manifold system  24  securely holds the bottle  26 . The illustrated slide structure  249  has a sloped portion  269  that can cam along the flange  335  as the button  246  moves outwardly. Accordingly, the slide member  249  can push the closure  266  upwardly until the closure  266  is locked with the manifold  24 , as shown in  FIG.  15 C . The quick-release lock  242  is loaded with spring  247  such that the slide structure  249  is biased towards the button  246 . 
     The manifold system  24  can have a modular design so that it can be removed from the console  12 . In some embodiments, the manifold system  24  and associated containers  26  can be removed and transported away from the console  12 . Accordingly, the modular manifold systems can be interchanged to provide treatment flexibility. Alternatively, the manifold system  24  can be permanently mounted to the console  12 . 
       FIGS.  15 B and  15 C  illustrate cross-sectional views of the manifold system  24  taken along lines  15 B- 15 B and lines  15 C- 15 C, respectively. Both  FIGS.  15 B and  15 C  show the fluid pick up conduit  62  in operative engagement with the bottle  26  through the seal  267 . Suction device(s) is preferably in fluid communication with the fluid pick up conduit  62 , and draws fluid out of the bottle  26  through the fluid pick up conduit  62 . The fluid can flow through a passageway  161  (see  FIG.  15 C ) extending through the pick up conduit  62 . The fluid can flow to and through the lumen  171  towards the line  20 . If the switch  29  is off, the fluid from one or more of the upstream bottles can flow along the passage  173 . The manifold system  24  then directs the fluid into the line  20 . 
     In certain embodiments, including the embodiment of  FIG.  1   , the console  12  comprises a computer with display  32 . In one embodiment, the display  32  is a user input device comprising a touch screen that controls the computer. In other embodiments, the computer may be controlled by input devices such as a keyboard, keypad, mouse, pointing device, or other input device. The computer controls a variety of functions in the console  12 . For example, the computer may control the manifold system  24 , and thereby the flow of treatment fluids from the containers  26 . In one embodiment, the fluid flowing through the line  20  can be changed by pressing a single button on the touch screen display  32 . In another embodiment, the computer contains teaching tutorials that are exhibited on the display  32 . In yet another embodiment, the user may change program chips within the computer according to treatment and/or patient. In still another embodiment, the computer records patient and treatment data, for example data gathered during treatment. 
     The console  12  can also comprise a mechanical system for controlling fluid flow from the containers to the handpiece. One or more pumps, valves, fluid lines, and the like can cooperate to deliver fluid from the containers to the handpiece. The console  12  can be powered pneumatically, electrically, or by any other suitable powering means. The mechanically drive console  12  can have manual controls for controlling fluid flow to the handpiece. 
     The console  12  can also comprise additional handpieces suitable for other types of skin treatment. These additional handpieces can be used for pre-treatment or post-treatment in combination with other modalities. For example, the console  12  may include a handpiece for diamond tip abrasion, or “crystal-free” microdermabrasion, as described above. Such a handpiece may be useful for more aggressive treatments, in addition to treatment with the handpiece assembly  18 . The diamond tips can range from fine to extra coarse. 
     In some embodiments, the console  12  comprises a handpiece including at least one light emitting diode (LED). Light therapy has been shown to improve skin. For example, red light between about 600 and about 700 nanometers and infrared LED light between about 700 and about 1,000 nanometers reduces the appearance of fine lines and superficial hyperpigmentation. For another example, blue LED light at about 430 nanometers improves the appearance of oily and acne-prone skin. Other benefits of light therapy include promotion of collagen production, increased circulation and moisture retention, smoothing of skin texture, and improvement of skin firmness and resilience. 
     The console  12  can comprise handpieces for vacuum therapy such as lymphatic drainage and cellulite massage. Vacuum therapy enhances the effects of treatment with the handpiece assembly  18  and LED light therapy. Preferably, the vacuum therapy handpieces are sized appropriately for facial massage and body massage. An example of a multi-modality protocol using a plurality of handpieces comprises diamond tip abrasion, treatment with handpiece assembly  18  and at least one treatment fluid from containers  26 , vacuum therapy, red light therapy, and application of sunscreen, for example at a minimum skin protection factor (SPF) of  15 . The various modalities may be included and ordered by the user depending on the desired outcome of the overall treatment. 
     The console  12  optionally includes any of a plurality of additional features. For example, a digital camera may be used to take pictures of the patient before and after treatment, and the pictures may be stored on the computer. The computer may hold client medical and treatment records. The computer may be connected to a network. The console  12  may store disks. The console  12  may include an ultrasound unit. The console  12  may include a stimulator, such as an electrical stimulator. The console  12  may include an iontophoresis handpiece. The number of additional features is limitless when considering the range of features that a user may wish to incorporate with the treatment provided by the handpiece assembly  18 . 
       FIG.  16    depicts another embodiment of the skin treatment system  10 , which may be generally similar to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  1   , except as further detailed below. Where possible, similar elements are identified with identical reference numerals in the depiction of the embodiment of  FIG.  1   . 
     The line  20  includes an output line  50  for removing waste from the handpiece assembly  18  and an input line  52  for delivering treatment material to the handpiece assembly  18 . A valve  300  can be disposed along the input line  52  to inhibit backflow of treatment material. The console  12  can pump treatment material through the input line  52  to the handpiece assembly  18  when the handpiece assembly  18  is applied to the person&#39;s skin, as detailed above. The fluid flow through the input line  52  can be reduced or stopped so that the handpiece assembly  18  can be removed from the patient&#39;s skin. The valve  300  can inhibit the flow of fluid through the input line  52  towards the console  12 . A desired amount of treatment material can therefore be contained in the handpiece assembly  18  and the section  310  of the input tubing  52  extending between the valve  300  and the handpiece assembly  18 . When the handpiece assembly  18  is applied to a patient&#39;s skin, a vacuum can be applied to the output line  50 . The vacuum can draw the treatment material out of the handpiece assembly  18  without a substantial or noticeable delay. 
     In some embodiments, the valve  300  can be a one-way valve, such as a duckbill valve, check valve, or other type of valve for inhibiting fluid flow. In alternative embodiments, the valve  300  can comprises a plurality of valves (e.g., one-way valves, flow regulators, adjustable valves, etc.). 
       FIG.  17    is a cross-sectional view of the line  20 . The input and output lines  50 ,  52  can have different or similar cross sectional flow areas. The illustrated output line  50  has a passageway  312  with a diameter that that is less than the diameter of a passageway  314  of the input line  52 . Accordingly, a relatively large slug of treatment material can be stored in the section  310  extending distally from the valve  300  to the handpiece assembly  18 . The slug can be quickly delivered out of the handpiece assembly  18  once the handpiece assembly is applied to a patient&#39;s skin as detailed above. 
     In some embodiments, the section  310  of the output line  50  has a length L greater than 6 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, and ranges encompassing such lengths. In some embodiments, the section  310  of the output line  50  has a length L greater than 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, and ranges encompassing such lengths. The passageway  312  can have a cross-sectional area that is at least 10%, 30%, 50%, 75%, or 100% greater than the cross-sectional area of the passageway  314 . The length L and the diameters of the passageways  312 ,  314  can be selected based on the desired amount of treatment material to be stored in the line  20 , delivery and removal rates. 
       FIGS.  18  and  19    illustrate a modular handpiece assembly  360  having a cartridge  362  containing treatment material. The illustrated handpiece assembly  360  can be used to deliver treatment material from the cartridge  362 . The main body  30  can have a pump for pressuring the treatment material. In one embodiment, the fluid control device includes a power supply, such as a battery, which provides power to electrical components (e.g., pumps or valves) of the handpiece assembly  360 . The power supply can be a battery that is preferably disposed within the main body  30  of the handpiece assembly  360 . In one arrangement, the battery is a rechargeable battery that can be connected to and recharged by an AC power supply, such as a typical residential electrical outlet. Alternatively, the handpiece assembly  360  can be directly powered by an AC power supply. The power supply can provide power to several components of the handpiece assembly  360 . For example, the power supply can provide power to a plurality of fluid control devices  330  and/or a flow control unit. A control switch  371  can be used to turn the handpiece assembly  360  Off/On and/or control the output of the handpiece assembly  360 . 
     In operation, the cartridge  362  can be inserted into the main body  30 . The handpiece assembly  360  can be applied to a patient&#39;s skin to deliver treatment material from the cartridge  362  to the patient&#39;s skin. After delivering a desired amount of treatment material, the cartridge  362  can be separated from the main body  30 . The cartridge  362  can be a one-use or multi-use cartridge. For example, the cartridge can be a non-refillable disposable cartridge. 
     The tip  34  can also be used to remove hair or perform other skin treatments. For example, the tip  34  can include one or more razor blades and may be configured to apply a treatment material (e.g., antioxidents, vitamins, serums, growth agents, etc.) to the skin during the shaving process. In such embodiments, the main body  30  can be an elongated handle that is connected to a transversely extending elongate tip  34 . In some embodiments, the handpiece assembly can be in the form of a disposable handheld razor. The treatment material can reduce or substantially eliminate problems associated with wet or dry shaving systems. These treatment materials may be applied prior to, during, before, and/or after shaving. 
     The articles disclosed herein may be formed through any suitable means. The various methods and techniques described above provide a number of ways to carry out the invention. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all objectives or advantages described may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment described herein. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods may be performed in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objectives or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. 
     Furthermore, the skilled artisan will recognize the interchangeability of various features from different embodiments disclosed herein. Similarly, the various features and steps discussed above, as well as other known equivalents for each such feature or step, can be mixed and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to perform methods in accordance with principles described herein. Additionally, the methods which are described and illustrated herein are not limited to the exact sequence of acts described, nor are they necessarily limited to the practice of all of the acts set forth. Other sequences of events or acts, or less than all of the events, or simultaneous occurrence of the events, may be utilized in practicing the embodiments of the invention. 
     Although the invention has been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited, except as by the appended claims.