Patent Publication Number: US-7905431-B2

Title: Forging punch, method of manufacturing liquid ejection head using the same, and liquid ejection head manufactured by the method

Description:
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/644,898 filed Aug. 21, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,040,134. The entire disclosure of the prior application 10/644,898 is hereby incorporated by reference 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a forging punch to be practically used in manufacturing a component such as a liquid ejection head. The present invention also relates to a manufacturing method by using the same punch and a liquid ejection head manufactured by the method. 
     Forging work is used in various fields of products. For example, it is thought that a pressure generating chamber of a liquid ejection head is molded by forging metal material. The liquid ejection head ejects pressurized liquid from a nozzle orifice as a liquid droplet, and the heads for various liquids have been known. An ink jet recording head is representative of the liquid ejection head. Here, the related art will be described with the ink jet recording head as an example. 
     An ink jet recording head (hereinafter, referred to as “recording head”) used as an example of a liquid ejection head is provided with a plurality of series of flow paths reaching nozzle orifices from a common ink reservoir via pressure generating chambers in correspondence with the orifices. Further, the respective pressure generating chambers need to form by a fine pitch in correspondence with a recording density to meet a request of downsizing. Therefore, a wall thickness of a partition wall for partitioning contiguous ones of the pressure generating chambers is extremely thinned. Further, an ink supply port for communicating the pressure generating chamber and the common ink reservoir is more narrowed than the pressure generating chamber in a flow path width thereof in order to use ink pressure at inside of the pressure generating chamber efficiently for ejection of ink drops. 
     According to a related-art recording head, a silicon substrate is preferably used in view of fabricating the pressure generating chamber and the ink supply port having such small-sized shapes with excellent dimensional accuracy. That is, a crystal surface is exposed by anisotropic etching of silicon and the pressure generating chamber or the ink supply port is formed to partition by the crystal surface. 
     Further, a nozzle plate formed with the nozzle orifice is fabricated by a metal board from a request of workability or the like. Further, a diaphragm portion for changing a volume of the pressure generating chamber is formed into an elastic plate. The elastic plate is of a two-layer structure constituted by pasting together a resin film onto a supporting plate made of a metal and is fabricated by removing a portion of the supporting plate in correspondence with the pressure generating chamber. 
     The silicon substrate described above has a problem that a manufacturing process is complicated. Therefore, it has been noted that the pressure generating chamber of a recording head is formed by carrying out forging over a metal material. In this case, a large number of pressure generating chambers taking the shape of an elongated recess are arranged side by side in a row. In the vicinity of the end of the pressure generating chambers provided in the row, there is presented a phenomenon in which the flow deformation of the metal material is different from a flow deformation in the middle part of the row. Thus, it is hard to uniformly form all the pressure generating chambers. 
     Meanwhile, according to the above-described related-art recording head, since a difference between linear expansion rates of silicon and the metal is large, in pasting together respective members of the silicon board, the nozzle plate and the elastic plate, it is necessary to adhere the respective members by taking a long time period under relatively low temperature. Therefore, enhancement of productivity is difficult to achieve to bring about a factor of increasing fabrication cost. Therefore, there has been tried to form the pressure generating chamber at the board made of the metal by plastic working, however, the working is difficult since the pressure generating chamber is extremely small and the flow path width of the ink supply port needs to be narrower than the pressure generating chamber to thereby pose a problem that improvement of production efficiency is difficult to achieve. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a forging punch which is capable of forming pressure generating chambers in a metal substrate while solving the above problems. 
     In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention, there is provided a male die, comprising: 
     a plurality of first forging punches, each of which is operable to form a first recess on a metal plate, the first forging punches arranged at a fixed pitch to form a punch row in a first direction; and 
     a plurality of second forging punches, each of which is operable to form a second recess on the metal plate, the second forging punches arranged adjacently to first forging punches located at both ends of the punch row, 
     wherein the first recess is to have a first function, and the second recess is to have a dummy function in connection with the first function. 
     Here, it is preferable that: the metal plate is to be a member incorporated in a liquid ejection head; and the first recess is to be a first part of the member which is used to eject liquid from the liquid ejection head, and the second recess is to be a second part of the member which is not used to eject liquid. 
     In the forging work using the above male die, the first recesses arranged are simultaneously formed by the first punches. Incidentally, a plastic deformation occurs such that the first recesses are arranged on both sides of the first recess which is in the center portion of the recess row, while the first recess is formed on one side of the first recess which is in an end of the recess row. Accordingly, deformation behaviors are different between the center portion of the recess row and the end of the recess row, so that the shapes of the first recesses thus formed become uniform with difficulty. 
     More specifically, when the first punch is pressed against the metal plate as described above, the metal plate in the vicinity of each of the first punches flows to be shifted little by little in the direction of the punch row. Finally, the flow amounts are accumulated so that the first recesses on both ends of the recess row and the first recess in a middle part of the recess row have different dimensions or shapes. Even if a degree of the difference is very low, a variation in the behavior (the ejection property of the liquid ejection head, for example) of the first recess is generated. 
     However, since the second recess does not perform the original function of first recess, there is no problem even when the plastic deformation is accumulated at the second recess so as to have abnormal dimension or shape. On the other hand, the even first recesses formed adjacently to the second recess can be maintained in a desired state. 
     Preferably, a plurality of second forging punches are provided at each end of the punch row. In this case, the function of absorbing the accumulated plastic deformation of the second recess can be enhanced. 
     Preferably, a depth dimension of a first gap defined between adjacent ones of the first forging punches and the second forging punches is smaller than a depth dimension of a second gap defined between adjacent ones of the first forging punches. 
     In this case, since the second gap is first fulfilled with the material flown by the press movement of the male die, the first recesses are formed under a condition that the plastic flow of the material toward the second punches is remarkably restricted. Accordingly, even the first recess adjacent to the second recess can be formed with sufficient amount of the material as well as the first recesses arranged in the center of the row. 
     Here, it is preferable that a depth dimension of a third gap defined between adjacent ones of the second forging punches is smaller than the depth dimension of the first gap. 
     It is further preferable that the depth dimension of the third gap defined between adjacent ones of the second forging punches which are closer to the end of the punch row is smaller than the depth dimension of the third gap defined between adjacent ones of the second forging punches which are further from the end of the punch row. 
     In these cases, the above advantageous restriction effect can be further enhanced. 
     It is also preferable that a width dimension of each of the first forging punches is identical with a width dimension of each of the second forging punches. 
     In this case, the structure of the male die can be simplified so that the equipment cost can be reduced. 
     Alternatively, a width dimension of each of the first forging punches may be smaller than a width dimension of each of the second forging punches. Also in this case, the above advantageous restricting effect can be attained. 
     Alternatively, the second forging punches are extended closer to the metal plate to be processed than the first forging punches. Also in this case, the above advantageous restricting effect can be attained. Further, this effect can be realized at the initial stage of the forging work because the second forging punches are first pressed against the metal plate. 
     Preferably, each of the first forging punches and each of the second forging punches are elongated in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. 
     In a case where the first recesses and the second recesses formed by the forging punches are so configured as to have such a shape, the first recess arranged in the end of the recess row tends to have an abnormal dimension or shape due to the accumulation of the plastic flow of the material. However, as the second recesses are formed in the above described manner, such an inconvenient situation can be avoided. 
     Preferably, the male die further comprises a plurality of third forging punches, each of which is operable to form a third recess on the metal plate and arranged between one of the first forging punches and one of the second forging punches. Here, a width dimension of each of the first forging punches is identical with a width dimension of each of the third forging punches, and the third recess is to have the dummy function. 
     In this case, even if the advantageous effect obtained by the second recesses is insufficient, since the third recesses serving as a buffer can compensate the insufficiency, the first recesses can be formed as desired. 
     Preferably, the fixed pitch is 0.3 mm or less. Even when such minute portions are formed, precise forging work can be realized. 
     According to the invention, there is also provided a liquid ejection head, comprising: 
     a first metallic plate member, formed with:
         a plurality of first recesses, arranged at a fixed pitch to form a recess row; and   a plurality of second recesses, arranged adjacently to first recesses located at both ends of the recess row; and       

     a second metallic plate member, joined to the first metallic plate member, and formed with a plurality of nozzle orifices each communicated with one of the first recesses and operable to eject liquid therefrom by pressure fluctuation generated in liquid contained in the one of the first recesses, 
     wherein a shape of each of the first recesses is different from a shape of each of the second recesses. 
     Preferably, a plurality of second recesses are provided at each end of the recess row. 
     Here, it is preferable that adjacent ones of the second recesses are partly communicated with each other. 
     It is further preferable that a width dimension of each of the first recesses is identical with a width dimension of each of the second recesses. 
     Alternatively, a width dimension of each of the first recesses is smaller than a width dimension of each of the second recesses. 
     Alternatively, a depth dimension of each of the first recesses is smaller than a depth dimension of each of the second recesses. 
     It is preferable that: the first metallic plate member is formed with a plurality of third recesses each arranged between one of the first recesses and one of the second recesses; a width dimension of each of the first recesses is identical with a width dimension of each of the third recesses; and the third recesses are not so configured as to eject liquid from the nozzle orifices. 
     Preferably, the fixed pitch is 0.3 mm or less. 
     According to the invention, there is also provided a method of manufacturing a liquid ejection head, comprising steps of: 
     providing a first metallic plate member; 
     providing the male die comprising a plurality of first forging punches arranged at a fixed pitch to form a punch row, and a plurality of second forging punches arranged adjacently to first forging punches located at both ends of the punch row; 
     forming simultaneously a plurality of first recesses with the first forging punches and a plurality of second recesses with the second forging punches; 
     providing a second metallic plate member formed with a plurality of nozzle orifices; and 
     joining the first metallic plate member and the second metallic member such that each of the nozzle orifices is communicated with one of the first recesses, 
     wherein a shape of each of the first recesses is different from a shape of each of the second recesses. 
     According to the invention, there is also provided a forging apparatus comprising the above male die. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail preferred exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a disassembled ink jet recording head according to a first example; 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the ink jet recording head; 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are views for explaining a vibrator unit; 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view of a chamber formation plate; 
         FIG. 5A  is a view enlarging an X portion in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 5B  is a sectional view taken along a line A-A of  FIG. 5A ; 
         FIG. 5C  is a sectional view taken along a line B-B of  FIG. 5A ; 
         FIG. 6  is a plan view of an elastic plate; 
         FIG. 7A  is a view enlarging a Y portion of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 7B  is a sectional view taken along a line C-C of  FIG. 7A ; 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are views for explaining a first male die used in forming an elongated recess portion; 
         FIGS. 9A and 9B  are views for explaining a female die used in forming the elongated recess portion; 
         FIGS. 10A to 10C  are views for explaining a step of forming the elongated recess portion; 
         FIG. 11A  is a side view showing a male die of a forging punch according to a first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 11B  is a side view showing a state that the male die is pressed against a metal plate; 
         FIG. 12  is a side view showing a male die of a forging punch according to a second embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a side view showing a male die of a forging punch according to a third embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a side view showing a male die of a forging punch according to a fourth embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 15  is a sectional view for explaining an ink jet recording head according to a second example. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Firstly, the constitution of a liquid ejection head will be described. 
     Since it is preferable to apply the invention to a recording head of an ink jet recording apparatus, as an example representative of the liquid ejection head, the above recording head is shown in the embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a recording head  1  is roughly constituted by a casing  2 , a vibrator unit  3  contained at inside of the casing  2 , a flow path unit  4  bonded to a front end face of the casing  2 , a connection board  5  arranged onto a rear end face of the casing  2 , a supply needle unit  6  attached to the rear end face of the casing  2 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the vibrator unit  3  is roughly constituted by a piezoelectric vibrator group  7 , a fixation plate  8  bonded with the piezoelectric vibrator group  7  and a flexible cable  9  for supplying a drive signal to the piezoelectric vibrator group  7 . 
     The piezoelectric vibrator group  7  is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators  10  formed in a shape of a row. The respective piezoelectric vibrators  10  are constituted by a pair of dummy vibrators  10   a  disposed at both ends of the row and a plurality of drive vibrators  10   b  arranged between the dummy vibrators  10   a . Further, the respective drive vibrators  10   b  are cut to divide in a pectinated shape having an extremely slender width of, for example, about 50 μm through 100 μm, so that 180 pieces are provided. 
     Further, the dummy vibrator  10   a  is provided with a width sufficiently wider than that of the drive vibrator  10   b  and is provided with a function for protecting the drive vibrator  10   b  against impact or the like and a guiding function for positioning the vibrator unit  3  at a predetermined position. 
     A free end portion of each of the piezoelectric vibrators  10  is projected to an outer side of a front end face of the fixation plate  8  by bonding a fixed end portion thereof onto the fixation plate  8 . That is, each of the piezoelectric vibrators  10  is supported on the fixation plate  8  in a cantilevered manner. Further, the free end portions of the respective piezoelectric vibrators  10  are constituted by alternately laminating piezoelectric bodies and inner electrodes so that extended and contracted in a longitudinal direction of the elements by applying a potential difference between the electrodes opposed to each other. 
     The flexible cable  9  is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibrator  10  at a side face of a fixed end portion thereof constituting a side opposed to the fixation plate  8 . Further, a surface of the flexible cable  9  is mounted with an IC  11  for controlling to drive the piezoelectric vibrator  10  or the like. Further, the fixation plate  8  for supporting the respective piezoelectric vibrators  10  is a plate-like member having a rigidity capable of receiving reaction force from the piezoelectric vibrators  10 , and a metal plate of a stainless steel plate or the like is preferably used therefor. 
     The casing  2  is a block-like member molded by a thermosetting resin of an epoxy species resin or the like. Here, the casing  2  is molded by the thermosetting resin because the thermosetting resin is provided with a mechanical strength higher than that of a normal resin, a linear expansion coefficient is smaller than that of a normal resin so that deformability depending on the environmental temperature is small. Further, inside of the casing  2  is formed with a container chamber  12  capable of containing the vibrator unit  3 , and an ink supply path  13  constituting a portion of a flow path of ink. Further, the front end face of the casing  2  is formed with a recess  15  for constituting a common ink reservoir  14 . 
     The container chamber  12  is a hollow portion having a size of capable of containing the vibrator unit  3 . At a portion of a front end side of the container chamber  12 , a step portion is formed such that a front end face of the fixation plate  8  is brought into contact therewith. 
     The recess  15  is formed by partially recessing the front end face of the casing  2  so has to have a substantially trapezoidal shape formed at left and right outer sides of the container chamber  12 . 
     The ink supply path  13  is formed to penetrate the casing  2  in a height direction thereof so that a front end thereof communicates with the recess  15 . Further, a rear end portion of the ink supply path  13  is formed at inside of a connecting port  16  projected from the rear end face of the casing  2 . 
     The connection board  5  is a wiring board formed with electric wirings for various signals supplied to the recording head  1  and provided with a connector  17  capable of connecting a signal cable. Further, the connection board  5  is arranged on the rear end face of the casing  2  and connected with electric wirings of the flexible cable  9  by soldering or the like. Further, the connector  17  is inserted with a front end of a signal cable from a control apparatus (not illustrated). 
     The supply needle unit  6  is a portion connected with an ink cartridge (not illustrated) and is roughly constituted by a needle holder  18 , an ink supply needle  19  and a filter  20 . 
     The ink supply needle  19  is a portion inserted into the ink cartridge for introducing ink stored in the ink cartridge. A distal end portion of the ink supply needle  19  is sharpened in a conical shape to facilitate to insert into the ink cartridge. Further, the distal end portion is bored with a plurality of ink introducing holes for communicating inside and outside of the ink supply needle  19 . Further, since the recording head according to the embodiment can eject two kinds of inks, two pieces of the ink supply needles  19  are provided. 
     The needle holder  18  is a member for attaching the ink supply needle  19 , and a surface thereof is formed with base seats  21  for two pieces of the ink supply needles  19  for fixedly attaching proximal portions of the ink supply needles  19 . The base seat  21  is fabricated in a circular shape in compliance with a shape of a bottom face of the ink supply needle  19 . Further, a substantially central portion of the bottom face of the base seat is formed with an ink discharge port  22  penetrated in a plate thickness direction of the needle holder  18 . Further, the needle holder  18  is extended with a flange portion in a side direction. 
     The filter  20  is a member for hampering foreign matters at inside of ink such as dust, burr in dieing and the like from passing therethrough and is constituted by, for example, a metal net having a fine mesh. The filter  20  is adhered to a filter holding groove formed at inside of the base seat  21 . 
     Further, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the supply needle unit  6  is arranged on the rear end face of the casing  2 . In the arranging state, the ink discharge port  22  of the supply needle unit  6  and the connecting port  16  of the casing  2  are communicated with each other in a liquid tight state via a packing  23 . 
     Next, the above-described flow path unit  4  will be explained. The flow path unit  4  is constructed by a constitution in which a nozzle plate  31  is bonded to one face of a chamber formation plate  30  and an elastic plate  32  is bonded to other face of the chamber formation plate  30 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the chamber formation plate  30  is a plate-like member made of a metal formed with an elongated recess portion  33 , a communicating port  34  and an escaping recess portion  35 . According to the embodiment, the chamber formation plate  30  is fabricated by working a metal substrate made of nickel having a thickness of 0.35 mm. 
     An explanation will be given here of reason of selecting nickel of the metal substrate. First reason is that the linear expansion coefficient of nickel is substantially equal to a linear expansion coefficient of a metal (stainless steel in the embodiment as mentioned later) constituting essential portions of the nozzle plate  31  and the elastic plate  32 . That is, when the linear expansion coefficients of the chamber formation plate  30 , the elastic plate  32  and the nozzle plate  31  constituting the flow path unit  4  are substantially equal, in heating and adhering the respective members, the respective members are uniformly expanded. 
     Therefore, mechanical stress of warping or the like caused by a difference in the expansion rates is difficult to generate. As a result, even when the adhering temperature is set to high temperature, the respective members can be adhered to each other without trouble. Further, even when the piezoelectric vibrator  10  generates heat in operating the recording head  1  and the flow path unit  4  is heated by the heat, the respective members  30 ,  31  and  32  constituting the flow path unit  4  are uniformly expanded. Therefore, even when heating accompanied by activating the recording head  1  and cooling accompanied by deactivating are repeatedly carried out, a drawback of exfoliation or the like is difficult to be brought about in the respective members  30 ,  31  and  32  constituting the flow path unit  4 . 
     Second reason is that nickel is excellent in corrosion resistance. That is, aqueous ink is preferably used in the recording head  1  of this kind, it is important that alteration of rust or the like is not brought about even when the recording head  1  is brought into contact with water over a long time period. In this respect, nickel is excellent in corrosion resistance similar to stainless steel and alteration of rust or the like is difficult to be brought about. 
     Third reason is that nickel is rich in ductility. That is, in manufacturing the chamber formation plate  30 , as mentioned later, the fabrication is carried out by plastic working (for example, forging). Further, the elongated recess portion  33  and the communicating port  34  formed in the chamber formation plate  30  are of extremely small shapes and high dimensional accuracy is requested therefor. When nickel is used for the metal substrate, since nickel is rich in ductility, the elongated recess portion  33  and the communicating port  34  can be formed with high dimensional accuracy even by plastic working. 
     Further, with regard to the chamber formation plate  30 , the chamber formation plate  30  may be constituted by a metal other than nickel when the condition of the linear expansion coefficient, the condition of the corrosion resistance and the condition of the ductility are satisfied. 
     The elongated recess portion  33  is a recess portion in a groove-like shape constituting a pressure generating chamber  29  and is constituted by a groove in a linear shape as shown to enlarge in  FIG. 5A . According to the embodiment, 180 pieces of grooves each having a width of about 0.1 mm, a length of about 1.5 mm and a depth of about 0.1 mm are aligned side by side. A bottom face of the elongated recess portion  33  is recessed in a V-like shape by reducing a width thereof as progressing in a depth direction (that is, depth side). The bottom face is recessed in the V-like shape to increase a rigidity of a partition wall  28  for partitioning the contiguous pressure generating chambers  29 . That is, by recessing the bottom face in the V-like shape, a wall thickness of the proximal portion of the partition wall  28  is thickened to increase the rigidity of the partition wall  28 . Further, when the rigidity of the partition wall  28  is increased, influence of pressure variation from the contiguous pressure generating chamber  29  is difficult to be effected. That is, a variation of ink pressure from the contiguous pressure generating chamber  29  is difficult to transmit. Further, by recessing the bottom face in the V-like shape, the elongated recess portion  33  can be formed with excellent dimensional accuracy by plastic working (to be mentioned later). Further, an angle between the inner faces of the recess portion  33  is, for example, around 90 degrees although prescribed by a working condition. 
     Further, since a wall thickness of a distal end portion of the partitioning wall  28  is extremely thin, even when the respective pressure generating chambers  29  are densely formed, a necessary volume can be ensured. 
     Both longitudinal end portions of the elongated recess portion  33  are sloped downwardly to inner sides as progressing to the depth side. The both end portions are constituted in this way to form the elongated recess portion  33  with excellent dimensional accuracy by plastic working. 
     Further, contiguous to the elongated recess portion  33  at the both ends of the row, there are formed single ones of dummy recesses  36  having a width wider than that of the elongated recess portion  33 . The dummy recess portion  36  is a recess portion in a groove-like shape constituting a dummy pressure generating chamber which is not related to ejection of ink drops. The dummy recess portion  36  according to the embodiment is constituted by a groove having a width of about 0.2 mm, a length of about 1.5 mm and a depth of about 0.1 mm. Further, a bottom face of the dummy recess portion  36  is recessed in a W-like shape. This is also for increasing the rigidity of the partition wall  28  and forming the dummy recess portion  36  with excellent dimensional accuracy by plastic working. 
     Further, a row of recesses is constituted by the respective elongated recess portions  33  and the pair of dummy recess portions  36 . According to the embodiment, two rows of the recesses are formed as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The communicating port  34  is formed as a small through hole penetrating from one end of the elongated recess portion  33  in a plate thickness direction. The communicating ports  34  are formed for respective ones of the elongated recess portions  33  and are formed by 180 pieces in a single recess portion row. The communicating port  34  of the embodiment is in a rectangular shape in an opening shape thereof and is constituted by a first communicating port  37  formed from a side of the elongated recess portion  33  to a middle in the plate thickness direction in the chamber formation plate  30  and a second communicating port  38  formed from a surface thereof on a side opposed to the elongated recess portion  33  up to a middle in the plate thickness direction. 
     Further, sectional areas of the first communicating port  37  and the second communicating port  38  differ from each other and an inner dimension of the second communicating port  38  is set to be slightly smaller than an inner dimension of the first communicating port  37 . This is caused by manufacturing the communicating port  34  by pressing. The chamber formation plate  30  is fabricated by working a nickel plate having a thickness of 0.35 mm, a length of the communicating port  34  becomes equal to or larger than 0.25 mm even when the depth of the recess portion  33  is subtracted. Further, the width of the communicating port  34  needs to be narrower than the groove width of the elongated recess portion  33 , set to be less than 0.1 mm. Therefore, when the communicating port  34  is going to be punched through by a single time of working, a male die (punch) is buckled due to an aspect ratio thereof. 
     Therefore, in the embodiment, the working is divided into two steps. In the first step, the first communicating port  37  is formed halfway in the plate thickness direction, and in the second step, the second communicating port  38  is formed. The working process of this communicating port  34  will be described later. 
     Further, the dummy recess portion  36  is formed with a dummy communicating port  39 . Similar to the above-described communicating port  34 , the dummy communicating port  39  is constituted by a first dummy communicating port  40  and a second dummy communicating port  41  and an inner dimension of the second dummy communicating port  41  is set to be smaller than an inner dimension of the first dummy communicating port  40 . 
     Further, although according to the embodiment, the communicating port  34  and the dummy communicating port  39  opening shapes of which are constituted by small through holes in a rectangular shape are exemplified, the invention is not limited to the shape. For example, the shape may be constituted by a through hole opened in a circular shape or a through hole opened in a polygonal shape. 
     The escaping recess portion  35  forms an operating space of a compliance portion  46  (described later) in the common ink reservoir  14 . According to the embodiment, the escaping recess portion  35  is constituted by a recess portion in a trapezoidal shape having a shape substantially the same as that of the recess  15  of the casing  2  and a depth equal to that of the elongated recess portion  33 . 
     Next, the above-described elastic plate  32  will be explained. The elastic plate  32  is a kind of a sealing plate of the invention and is fabricated by, for example, a composite material having a two-layer structure laminating an elastic film  43  on a support plate  42 . According to the embodiment, a stainless steel plate is used as the support plate  42  and PPS (polyphenylene sulphide) is used as the elastic film  43 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the elastic plate  32  is formed with a diaphragm portion  44 , an ink supply port  45  and the compliance portion  46 . 
     The diaphragm portion  44  is a portion for partitioning a portion of the pressure generating chamber  29 . That is, the diaphragm portion  44  seals an opening face of the elongated recess portion  33  and forms to partition the pressure generating chamber  29  along with the elongated recess portion  33 . As shown in  FIG. 7A , the diaphragm portion  44  is of a slender shape in correspondence with the elongated recess portion  33  and is formed for each of the elongated recess portions  33  with respect to a sealing region for sealing the elongated recess portion  33 . Specifically, a width of the diaphragm portion  44  is set to be substantially equal to the groove width of the elongated recess portion  33  and a length of the diaphragm portion  44  is set to be a slight shorter than the length of the elongated recess portion  33 . With regard to the length, the length is set to be about two thirds of the length of the elongated recess portion  33 . Further, with regard to a position of forming the diaphragm portion  44 , as shown in  FIG. 2 , one end of the diaphragm portion  44  is aligned to one end of the elongated recess portion  33  (end portion on a side of the communicating port  34 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 7B , the diaphragm portion  44  is fabricated by removing the support plate  42  at a portion thereof in correspondence with the elongated recess portion  33  by etching or the like to constitute only the elastic film  43  and an island portion  47  is formed at inside of the ring. The island portion  47  is a portion bonded with a distal end face of the piezoelectric vibrator  10 . 
     The ink supply port  45  is a hole for communicating the pressure generating chamber  29  and the common ink reservoir  14  and is penetrated in a plate thickness direction of the elastic plate  32 . Similar to the diaphragm portion  44 , also the ink supply port  45  is formed to each of the elongated recess portions  33  at a position in correspondence with the elongated recess portion  33 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the ink supply port  45  is bored at a position in correspondence with other end of the elongated recess portion  33  on a side opposed to the communicating port  34 . Further, a diameter of the ink supply port  45  is set to be sufficiently smaller than the groove width of the elongated recess portion  33 . According to the embodiment, the ink supply port  45  is constituted by a small through hole of 23 μm. 
     Reason of constituting the ink supply port  45  by the small through hole in this way is that flow path resistance is provided between the pressure generating chamber  29  and the common ink reservoir  14 . That is, according to the recording head  1 , an ink drop is ejected by utilizing a pressure variation applied to ink at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29 . Therefore, in order to efficiently eject an ink drop, it is important that ink pressure at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29  is prevented from being escaped to a side of the common ink reservoir  14  as less as possible. From the view point, the ink supply port  45  is constituted by the small through hole. 
     Further, when the ink supply port  45  is constituted by the through hole as in the embodiment, there is an advantage that the working is facilitated and high dimensional accuracy is achieved. That is, the ink supply port  45  is the through hole, can be fabricated by laser machining. Therefore, even a small diameter can be fabricated with high dimensional accuracy and also the operation is facilitated. 
     The compliance portion  46  is a portion for partitioning a portion of the common ink reservoir  14 . That is, the common ink reservoir  14  is formed to partition by the compliance portion  46  and the recess  15 . The compliance portion  46  is of a trapezoidal shape substantially the same as an opening shape of the recess  15  and is fabricated by removing a portion of the support plate  42  by etching or the like to constitute only the elastic film  43 . 
     Further, the support plate  42  and the elastic film  43  constituting the elastic plate  32  are not limited to the example. Further, polyimide may be used as the elastic film  43 . Further, the elastic plate  32  may be constituted by a metal plate provided with a thick wall and a thin wall at a surrounding of the thick wall for constituting the diaphragm portion  44  and a thin wall for constituting the compliance portion  46 . 
     Next, the above-described nozzle plate  31  will be explained. The nozzle plate  31  is a plate-like member made of a metal aligned with a plurality of nozzle orifices  48  at a pitch in correspondence with a dot forming density. According to the embodiment, a nozzle row is constituted by aligning a total of 180 pieces of the nozzle orifices  48  and two rows of the nozzles are formed as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     Further, when the nozzle plate  31  is bonded to other face of the chamber formation plate  30 , that is, to a surface thereof on a side opposed to the elastic plate  32 , the respective nozzle orifices  48  face the corresponding communicating ports  34 . 
     Further, when the above-described elastic plate  32  is bonded to one surface of the chamber formation plate  30 , that is, a face thereof for forming the elongated recess portion  33 , the diaphragm portion  44  seals the opening face of the elongated recess portion  33  to form to partition the pressure generating chamber  29 . Similarly, also the opening face of the dummy recess portion  36  is sealed to form to partition the dummy pressure generating chamber. Further, when the above-described nozzle plate  31  is bonded to other surface of the chamber formation plate  30 , the nozzle orifice  48  faces the corresponding communicating port  34 . When the piezoelectric vibrator  10  bonded to the island portion  47  is extended or contracted under the state, the elastic film  43  at a surrounding of the island portion is deformed and the island portion  47  is pushed to the side of the elongated recess portion  33  or pulled in a direction of separating from the side of the elongated recess portion  33 . By deforming the elastic film  43 , the pressure generating chamber  29  is expanded or contracted to provide a pressure variation to ink at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29 . 
     When the elastic plate  32  (that is, the flow path unit  4 ) is bonded to the casing  2 , the compliance portion  46  seals the recess  15 . The compliance portion  46  absorbs the pressure variation of ink stored in the common ink reservoir  14 . That is, the elastic film  43  is deformed in accordance with pressure of stored ink. Further, the above-described escaping recess portion  35  forms a space for allowing the elastic film  43  to be expanded. 
     The recording head  1  having the above-described constitution includes a common ink flow path from the ink supply needle  19  to the common ink reservoir  14 , and an individual ink flow path reaching each of the nozzle orifices  48  by passing the pressure generating chamber  29  from the common ink reservoir  14 . Further, ink stored in the ink cartridge is introduced from the ink supply needle  19  and stored in the common ink reservoir  14  by passing the common ink flow path. Ink stored in the common ink reservoir  14  is ejected from the nozzle orifice  48  by passing the individual ink flow path. 
     For example, when the piezoelectric vibrator  10  is contracted, the diaphragm portion  44  is pulled to the side of the vibrator unit  3  to expand the pressure generating chamber  29 . By the expansion, inside of the pressure generating chamber  29  is brought under negative pressure, ink at inside of the common ink reservoir  14  flows into each pressure generating chamber  29  by passing the ink supply port  45 . Thereafter, when the piezoelectric vibrator  10  is extended, the diaphragm portion  44  is pushed to the side of the chamber formation plate  30  to contract the pressure generating chamber  29 . By the contraction, ink pressure at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29  rises and an ink drop is ejected from the corresponding nozzle orifice  48 . 
     According to the recording head  1 , the bottom face of the pressure generating chamber  29  (elongated recess portion  33 ) is recessed in the V-like shape. Therefore, the wall thickness of the proximal portion of the partition wall  28  for partitioning the contiguous pressure generating chambers  29  is formed to be thicker than the wall thickness of the distal end portion. Thereby, the rigidity of the thick wall  28  can be increased. Therefore, in ejecting an ink drop, even when a variation of ink pressure is produced at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29 , the pressure variation can be made to be difficult to transmit to the contiguous pressure generating chamber  29 . As a result, the so-called contiguous cross talk can be prevented and ejection of ink drop can be stabilized. 
     According to the embodiment, the ink supply port  45  for communicating the common ink reservoir  14  and the pressure generating chamber  29  is constituted by the small hole penetrating the elastic plate  32  in the plate thickness direction, high dimensional accuracy thereof is easily achieved by laser machining or the like. Thereby, an ink flowing characteristic into the respective pressure generating chambers  29  (flowing velocity, flowing amount or the like) can be highly equalized. Further, when the fabrication is carried out by the laser beam, the fabrication is also facilitated. 
     According to the embodiment, there are provided the dummy pressure generating chambers which are not related to ejection of ink drop contiguously to the pressure generating chambers  29  at end portions of the row (that is, a hollow portion partitioned by the dummy recess portion  36  and the elastic plate  32 ), with regard to the pressure generating chambers  29  at both ends, one side thereof is formed with the contiguous pressure generating chamber  29  and an opposed thereof is formed with the dummy pressure generating chamber. Thereby, with regard to the pressure generating chambers  29  at end portions of the row, the rigidity of the partition wall partitioning the pressure generating chamber  29  can be made to be equal to the rigidity of the partition wall at the other pressure generating chambers  29  at a middle of the row. As a result, ink drop ejection characteristics of all the pressure generating chambers  29  of the one row can be made to be equal to each other. 
     With regard to the dummy pressure generating chamber, the width on the side of the aligning direction is made to be wider than the width of the respective pressure generating chambers  29 . In other words, the width of the dummy recess portion  36  is made to be wider than the width of the elongated recess portion  33 . Thereby, ejection characteristics of the pressure generating chamber  29  at the end portion of the row and the pressure generating chamber  29  at the middle of the row can be made to be equal to each other with high accuracy. 
     According to the embodiment, the recess  15  is formed by partially recessing the front end face of the casing  2 , the common ink reservoir  14  is formed to partition by the recess  15  and the elastic plate  32 , an exclusive member for forming the common ink reservoir  14  is dispensed with and simplification of the constitution is achieved. Further, the casing  2  is fabricated by resin dieing, fabrication of the recess  15  is also relatively facilitated. 
     Next, a method of manufacturing the recording head  1  will be explained. Since the manufacturing method is characterized in steps of manufacturing the chamber formation plate  30 , an explanation will be mainly given for the steps of manufacturing the chamber formation plate  30 . 
     The chamber formation plate  30  is fabricated by forging by a progressive die. Further, a metal plate  55  used as a material of the chamber formation plate  30  is made of nickel as described above. 
     The steps of manufacturing the chamber formation plate  30  comprises steps of forming the elongated recess portion  33  and steps of forming the communicating port  34  which are carried out by a progressive die. 
     In the elongated recess portion forming steps, a first male die  51  shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B  and a female die shown in  FIGS. 9A and 9B  are used. The first male die  51  is a die for forming the elongated recess portion  33 . The male die is aligned with projections  53  for forming the elongated recess portions  33  by a number the same as that of the elongated recess portions  33 . Further, the projections  53  at both ends in an aligned direction are also provided with dummy projections (not illustrated) for forming the dummy recess portions  36 . A distal end portion  53   a  of the projection  53  is tapered from a center thereof in a width direction by an angle of about 45 degrees as shown in  FIG. 8B . Thereby, the distal end portion  53   a  is sharpened in the V-like shape in view from a longitudinal direction thereof. Further, both longitudinal ends of the distal end portions  53 A are tapered by an angle of about 45 degrees as shown in  FIG. 8A . Therefore, the distal end portion  53   a  of the projection  53  is formed in a shape of tapering both ends of a triangular prism. 
     Further, the female die  52  is formed with a plurality of projections  54  at an upper face thereof. The projection  54  is for assisting to form the partition wall partitioning the contiguous pressure generating chambers  29  and is disposed between the elongated recess portions  33 . The projection  54  is of a quadrangular prism, a width thereof is set to be a slight narrower than an interval between the contiguous pressure generating chambers  29  (thickness of partition wall) and a height thereof is set to a degree the same as that of the width. A length of the projection  54  is set to a degree the same as that of a length of the elongated recess portion  33  (projection  53 ). 
     In the elongated recess portion forming steps, first, as shown in  FIG. 10A , the metal plate  55  is mounted at an upper face of the female die  52  and the first male die  51  is arranged on an upper side of the metal plate  55 . Next, as shown in  FIG. 10B , the first male die  51  is moved down to push the distal end portion of the projection  53  into the metal plate  55 . At this occasion, since the distal end portion  53   a  of the projection  53  is sharpened in the V-like shape, the distal end portion  53   a  can firmly be pushed into the metal plate  55  without buckling. Pushing of the projection  53  is carried out up to a middle in a plate thickness direction of the metal plate  55  as shown in  FIG. 10C . 
     By pushing the projection  53 , a portion of the metal plate  55  flows to form the elongated recess portion  33 . In this case, since the distal end portion  53   a  of the projection  53  is sharpened in the V-like shape, even the elongated recess portion  33  having a small shape can be formed with high dimensional accuracy. That is, the portion of the metal plate  55  pushed by the distal end portion  53   a  flows smoothly, the elongated recess portion  33  to be formed is formed in a shape following the shape of the projection  53 . Further, since the both longitudinal ends of the distal end portion  53   a  are tapered, the metal plate  55  pushed by the portions also flows smoothly. Therefore, also the both end portions in the longitudinal direction of the elongated recess portion  33  are formed with high dimensional accuracy. 
     Since pushing of the projection  53  is stopped at the middle of the plate thickness direction, the metal plate  55  thicker than in the case of forming a through hole can be used. Thereby, the rigidity of the chamber formation plate  30  can be increased and improvement of an ink ejection characteristic is achieved. Further, the chamber formation plate  30  is easily dealt with and the operation is advantageous also in enhancing plane accuracy. 
     A portion of the metal plate  55  is raised into a space between the contiguous projections  53  by being pressed by the projections  53 . In this case, the projection  54  provided at the female die  52  is arranged at a position in correspondence with an interval between the projections  53 , flow of the metal plate  55  into the space is assisted. Thereby, the metal plate  55  can efficiently be introduced into the space between the projections  53  and the protrusion (i.e., the partition wall  28 ) can be formed highly. 
       FIGS. 11A through 14  show embodiments of the forging punch. Portions serving as the portions described above are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings. 
     Plastic working is performed on the metal plate  55  by the male die  51  and the female die  52  under condition of room temperature, and plastic working described below is performed similarly under condition of room temperature. 
     Although dummy forging punches (described later) are provided on both ends of a male die  51 , only one side is shown in the drawings. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11A , in a male die  51  of a forging punch according to a first embodiment, the width of the projections  53 , that is, the forging punches  51   a  are made uniform in a direction in which they are arranged side by side. Three dummy forging punches  51   b  are arranged on both ends of the male die  51 , and the depth of the gap portion  53   b  formed between the dummy forging punches  51   b  is set to be smaller than that of the gap portion  53   b  formed between the forging punches  51   a.    
     Further, the depth of the closest gap portion  53   b  to the end of the male die  51  is set to be the smallest and the depth of the gap portion  53   b  is gradually increased with a separation therefrom. Thus, the depth of the adjacent gap portion  53   b  is sequentially increased to be coincident with the depth of the gap portion  53   b  of the forging punch  51   a.    
     When the male die  51  is pressed against a metal plate  55  which is to be the chamber formation plate  30  and formed of nickel, as shown in  FIG. 11B , the forging punch  51   a  and the dummy forging punch  51   b  are pressed into the metal plate  55  so that the pressed material flows into the gap portion  53   b . The gap portion  53   b  closest to the end of the male die  51  is first fulfilled with the flown material. As the male die  51  is further pressed against the metal plate  55 , the adjacent gap portion  53   b  is subsequently fulfilled with the flown material. 
     In the forging work using the forging punch, the pressure generating chambers  29  arranged in a row at a predetermined pitch are simultaneously formed by the forging punches  51   a  arranged in a row at the predetermined pitch. For this reason, a plastic deformation occurs such that the pressure generating chambers  29  are arranged on both sides of the pressure generating chamber  29  which is in the center portion of the row, while the pressure generating chamber  29  is formed on one side of the pressure generating chamber  29  which is in an end of the row. Accordingly, deformation behaviors are different between the center portion of the row and the end of the row, so that the shapes of the pressure generating chambers  29  thus formed become uniform with difficulty. 
     More specifically, when the forging punch  51   a  is pressed against the metal plate  55  as described above, the metal plate  55  in the vicinity of each of the forging punches  51   a  flows to be shifted little by little in the direction of the row. Finally, the flow amounts are accumulated so that the pressure generating chambers  29  on both ends of the row and the pressure generating chamber  29  in a middle part of the row have different dimensions or shapes. Even if a degree of the difference is very low, a variation in the behavior (the ink drop ejecting property of the recording head  1 , for example) of the pressure generating chamber  29  is generated. 
     However, since the dummy chamber  33   a  does not perform the original function of pressure generating chamber  29 , there is no problem even when the plastic deformation is accumulated at the dummy chamber  33   a  so as to have abnormal dimension or shape. On the other hand, even the pressure generating chambers  29  formed adjacently to the dummy chamber  33   a  can be maintained in a desired state. 
     In a case where a plurality of dummy chambers  33   a  are provided in each end of the row of the pressure generating chambers  29 , the above advantages can be further enhanced. 
     Since the gap portions  53   b  between the dummy forging punches  51   b  are first fulfilled with the material flown by the press movement of the male die  51 , the pressure generating chambers  29  are formed under a condition that the plastic flow of the material toward the dummy forging punches  51   b  is remarkably restricted. Accordingly, even the pressure generating chamber  22  adjacent to the dummy chamber  33   a  can be formed with sufficient amount of the material as well as the pressure generating chambers  29  arranged in the center of the row. 
     Since each of the pressure generating chambers  29  has an elongated recess shape, and each of the partition walls  28  are made thin extremely, the pressure generating chamber arranged in the end of the row tends to have an abnormal dimension or shape due to the accumulation of the plastic flow of the material. However, as the dummy chambers  33   a  are formed in the above described manner, such an inconvenient situation can be avoided. 
       FIG. 12  shows a forging punch according to a second embodiment of the invention. 
     In this embodiment, the width of each dummy forging punch  51   b  for forming a dummy chamber  33   a  is set to be greater than that of each forging punch  51   a  for forming a pressure generating chamber  29 . Other structures are the same as those of the first embodiment. 
     Since the dummy chamber  33  is press-molded by the dummy forging punches having the wider width, the pressure generating chambers  29  are formed under a condition that the plastic flow of the material toward the dummy forging punches  51   b  is remarkably restricted. Accordingly, even the pressure generating chamber  22  adjacent to the dummy chamber  33   a  can be formed with sufficient amount of the material as well as the pressure generating chambers  29  arranged in the center of the row. 
       FIG. 13  shows a forging punch according to a third embodiment of the invention. 
     In this embodiment, a tip portion  53   a  of a dummy forging punch  51   b  for forming a dummy chamber  33   a  is protruded downward in comparison with a tip portion  53   a  of each forging punch  51   a  for forming a pressure generating chamber  29 . Other structures are the same as those of the second embodiment. 
     Since the dummy forging punches  51   b  are protruded downward, the amount of material press-molded by the dummy forging punches  51   b  is increased, and the restriction can be realized at the initial stage of the press-molding. Accordingly, the pressure generating chambers  29  are formed under a condition that the plastic flow of the material toward the dummy forging punches  51   b  is remarkably restricted. Therefore, even the pressure generating chamber  22  adjacent to the dummy chamber  33   a  can be formed with sufficient amount of the material as well as the pressure generating chambers  29  arranged in the center of the row. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , in the second and the third embodiments, a dummy forging punch  51   c  for forming a dummy chamber  33   b  having an almost equal width to the widths of pressure generating chambers  29  is provided between the dummy forging punch  51   b  and the forging punch  51   a.    
     Even if the advantageous effect obtained by the dummy chamber  33   a  is insufficient, since the dummy chamber  33   b  serving as a buffer can compensate the insufficiency, the pressure generating chambers  29  can be formed as desired. 
     In the case of  FIG. 13 , since the dummy forging punch  51   b  having the wider width is protruded downward in comparison with the forging punch  51   c , the formation of the dummy chamber  33   b  is less influenced so that precision in the formation of the pressure generating chambers  29  can be enhanced. 
       FIG. 14  shows a forging punch according to a second embodiment of the invention. This embodiment is so configured as to include all the features described in the above embodiments. 
     A pitch dimension of the forging punches  51   a  is 0.14 mm. When the pressure generating chamber  29  of the ink jet recording head, which is a precise minute member, is forged, very elaborate forging work is possible. Though the pitch dimension of the forging punches  51   a  is 0.14 mm in the shown embodiment, by setting this pitch 0.3 mm or less, the parts work of the liquid ejection head is finished more suitably. This pitch is preferably 0.2 mm or less, and more preferably 0.15 mm or less. 
     As a working method for such minute structure, an anisotropic etching method is generally adopted. However, since this method requires a large number of working steps, it is disadvantage in manufacturing cost. On the contrary, in a case where the above forging work method is used in the material such as nickel, the number of working steps is reduced greatly, which is very advantageous in cost. 
     The chamber formation plate  30  having the pressure generating chamber  29  having high precision which is thus obtained is incorporated in the liquid ejection head  1 . Consequently, it is possible to obtain the liquid ejection head  1  having a stable liquid injecting characteristic. 
     As a second example, a recording head  1 ′ shown in  FIG. 15  adopts a heat generating element  61  as the pressure generating element. According to the embodiment, in place of the elastic plate  32 , a sealing board  62  provided with the compliance portion  46  and the ink supply port  45  is used and the side of the elongated recess portion  33  of the chamber formation plate  30  is sealed by the sealing board  62 . Further, the heat generating element  61  is attached to a surface of the sealing board  62  at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29 . The heat generating element  61  generates heat by feeding electricity thereto via an electric wiring. 
     Since other constitutions of the chamber formation plate  30 , the nozzle plate  31  and the like are similar to those of the above-described embodiments, explanations thereof will be omitted. 
     In the recording head  1 ′, by feeding electricity to the heat generating element  61 , ink at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29  is bumped and bubbles produced by the bumping presses ink at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29 , so that ink drops are ejected from the nozzle orifice  48 . 
     Even in the case of the recording head  1 ′, since the chamber formation plate  30  is fabricated by plastic working of metal, advantages similar to those of the above-described embodiments are achieved. 
     With regard to the communicating port  34 , although according to the above-described embodiments, an example of providing the communicating port  34  at one end portion of the elongated recess portion  33  has been explained, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the communicating port  34  may be formed substantially at center of the elongated recess portion  33  in the longitudinal direction and the ink supply ports  45  and the common ink reservoirs  14  communicated therewith may be arranged at both longitudinal ends of the elongated recess portion  33 . Thereby, stagnation of ink at inside of the pressure generating chamber  29  reaching the communicating port  34  from the ink supply ports  45  can be prevented. 
     Further, although according to the above-described embodiments, an example of applying the invention to the recording head used in the ink jet recording apparatus has been shown, an object of the liquid ejection head to which the invention is applied is not constituted only by ink of the ink jet recording apparatus but glue, manicure, conductive liquid (liquid metal) or the like can be ejected. 
     For example, the invention is applicable to a color filter manufacturing apparatus to be used for manufacturing a color filter of a liquid-crystal display. In this case, a coloring material ejection head of the apparatus is an example of the liquid ejection head. Another example of the liquid ejection apparatus is an electrode formation apparatus for forming electrodes, such as those of an organic EL display or those of a FED (Field Emission Display). In this case, an electrode material (a conductive paste) ejection head of the apparatus is an example of the liquid ejection head. Still another example of the liquid ejection apparatus is a biochip manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a biochip. In this case, a bio-organic substance ejection head of the apparatus and a sample ejection head serving as a precision pipette correspond to examples of the liquid ejection head. The liquid ejection apparatus of the invention includes other industrial liquid ejection apparatuses of industrial application.