Patent Publication Number: US-11650377-B2

Title: Optical waveguide module, system and method

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/429,520, filed Jun. 3, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,877,225. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/429,520 is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/808,626, filed on 9 Nov. 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,310,193, which is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/775,035, filed on 11 Sep. 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,846,283, which is a National Stage of PCT International Patent application No. PCT/US2014/024657, filed on 12 Mar. 2014 and claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/777,654, filed on 12 Mar. 2013, and U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/878,388, filed on 16 Sep. 2013 and which applications are incorporated here by reference. To the extent appropriate, a claim of priority is made to each of the above disclosed applications. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates to systems and methods for optically connecting circuit elements in optical fiber systems. In some fiber optic systems, fiber optic cables are connected to one another through splices, or through connection systems including two connectors held in alignment by an adapter. Various connector and adapter formats are known including SC, LC, and MPO. SC and LC are single fiber formats. MPO connection systems are multiple fiber formats. There is a continuing need for connection systems for connecting fiber optic equipment. 
     SUMMARY 
     Optical waveguide modules are disclosed. In one embodiment, an optical waveguide module includes an optical light guide having opposite first and second planar surfaces extending between a first side edge and a second side edge. The optical light guide can be configured to include one or more optical pathways extending between the first and second side edges. The waveguide module can further include one or more first edge connectors, each of which has a first adapter port and a first alignment slot opposite the first adapter port. The first alignment slot extends over the optical light guide first and second planar surfaces at the first side edge to align the first adapter port with the one or more optical pathways in a first direction. The waveguide module can also include one or more second edge connectors, each of which has a second adapter port and a second alignment slot opposite the second adapter port wherein the second alignment slot extends over the optical light guide first and second planar surfaces at the second side edge to align the second adapter port with the one or more optical pathways in the first direction. 
     In one embodiment, the edge connectors include a first sleeve received within a cavity of a first body wherein the first body has a first adapter port. As presented, the first sleeve has a first alignment slot opposite the first adapter port, and the first alignment slot extends over the optical light guide first and second planar surfaces at the first side edge to align the first adapter port with the one or more optical pathways in the first direction. Likewise, the second edge connectors each have a second sleeve received within a cavity of a second body wherein the second body has a second adapter port. The second sleeve has a second alignment slot opposite the second adapter port. Also, the first alignment slot extends over the optical light guide first and second planar surfaces at the second side edge to align the second adapter port with the one or more optical pathways in the first direction. 
     In one embodiment, the optical waveguide module includes a first and second optical light guide. The first optical light guide can include first and second opposite surfaces extending between first and second opposite side edges wherein the optical light guide includes one or more first optical pathways extending between the first and second side edges. The second optical light guide can include first and second opposite surfaces extending between first and second opposite side edges wherein the second optical light guide supports one or more second optical pathways extending between the first and second side edges. A first edge coupler aligns the one or more first optical pathways of the first optical light guide with the one or more second optical pathways of the second optical light guide. In one embodiment, the first edge coupler has a first alignment slot and a second alignment slot opposite the first alignment slot. The first alignment slot extends over the first optical light guide first and second planar surfaces at the first side edge to align the first edge coupler with the one or more first optical pathways in a first direction. The second alignment slot extends over the second optical light guide first and second planar surfaces at the first side edge to align the first edge coupler with the one or more second optical pathways in the first direction. 
     Optical light guide edge protection features are provided in some examples. One example is in the form of an index matching film. Another example of a waveguide edge protection feature is in the form of a spaced end face. 
     Each of the described embodiments herein for the side edge connectors includes passive alignment features (e.g. alignment slots, tabs, notches, and protrusions), meaning that optical alignment between components is obtained by the passive alignment features without requiring measuring and adjusting the positions of the components after an initial alignment process. Furthermore, the fiber optic connectors (e.g. MPO, LC, etc.) and the disclosed side edge connectors can be easily and repeatedly connected and disconnected from each other without a loss in alignment and without requiring additional alignment steps. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    shows a perspective view of an assembled and connected optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    shows a cross-sectional side view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    shows a perspective view of the assembled optical waveguide module of  FIG.  1    that is disconnected from the shown connectors. 
         FIG.  4    shows a cross-sectional side view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  5    is an exploded perspective view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional side view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  5   . 
         FIG.  7    shows a cross-sectional side view of an edge connector usable with the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  8    shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a planar optical light guide usable with the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  9    shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of an assembled and connected optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    shows a cross-sectional side view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  11    shows a side view of an edge connector usable with the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  12    shows a partial exploded top view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  13    shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of an assembled and connected optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  14    shows an exploded top view of a center portion of the waveguide module shown in  FIG.  13   . 
         FIG.  15    shows a top view of the center portion of the waveguide module shown in  FIG.  13   . 
         FIG.  16    shows a cross-sectional side view of the center portion of the waveguide module shown in  FIG.  13   . 
         FIG.  17    shows a cross-sectional side view of a side edge connector of the waveguide module shown in  FIG.  13   . 
         FIG.  18    shows a fourth embodiment of an assembled and connected optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  19    is an exploded perspective view of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  18   . 
         FIG.  20    shows a pair of the optical waveguide modules shown in  FIG.  18    connected to each other. 
         FIG.  21    shows a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of an assembled and connected optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  22    shows an exploded perspective view of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  21   . 
         FIG.  23    shows an exploded cross-sectional side view of one end of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  21   . 
         FIG.  24    shows an exploded perspective view of a portion of one end of the optical waveguide modules of  FIG.  21   ,  FIG.  32   , and  FIG.  43   . 
         FIG.  25    shows a perspective view of a portion of one end of the optical waveguide modules of  FIG.  21   ,  FIG.  32   , and  FIG.  43    in an assembled state. 
         FIG.  26    shows a cross-sectional side view of one end of the optical waveguide modules of  FIG.  21   ,  FIG.  32   , and  FIG.  43    in an assembled state. 
         FIG.  27    shows an enlarged cross-sectional side view of a portion of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  26   . 
         FIG.  28    shows a first perspective view of a sleeve that is part of the optical waveguide modules shown in  FIG.  21   ,  FIG.  32   , and  FIG.  43   . 
         FIG.  29    is a second perspective view of the sleeve shown in  FIG.  28   . 
         FIG.  30    is a cross-sectional side view of the sleeve shown in  FIG.  28   . 
         FIG.  31    is a cross-sectional top view of the sleeve shown in  FIG.  28   . 
         FIG.  32    shows a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of an assembled optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  33    shows an exploded perspective view of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  34    shows a top view of an optical light guide and connector sleeves of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  35    shows a top view of an optical light guide of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  36    shows a perspective exploded bottom view of one of the connectors associated with the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  37    shows a side view of a portion of the optical waveguide of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  38    shows an exploded side view of a portion of the optical waveguide of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  39    shows a first perspective view of a sleeve that is part of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  40    is a second perspective view of the sleeve shown in  FIG.  39   . 
         FIG.  41    is a cross-sectional side view of the sleeve shown in  FIG.  39   . 
         FIG.  42    is a cross-sectional top view of the sleeve shown in  FIG.  39   . 
         FIG.  43    shows a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of an assembled optical waveguide module having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  44    shows a perspective view of the sixth embodiment of the assembled optical waveguide module of  FIG.  32    inside of an unassembled housing wherein the connectors are additionally provided with slots for receiving edges of the housing. 
         FIG.  45    shows a perspective view of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  32    inside of the assembled housing of  FIG.  44   . 
         FIG.  46    shows a perspective view of an eighth embodiment of an assembled optical waveguide module within a housing having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  47    shows a perspective view of the assembled optical waveguide module of  FIG.  46    with a top portion of a housing removed. 
         FIG.  48    shows a perspective view of the assembled optical waveguide module of  FIG.  46    removed from the housing. 
         FIG.  49    shows a perspective view of an optical light guide and connector sleeves of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  46   . 
         FIG.  50    shows a perspective view of the optical light guide shown in  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  51    shows a top view of the optical light guide shown in  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  52    shows a first end view of the optical light guide shown in  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  53    shows a second end view of the optical light guide shown in  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  54    shows a front perspective view of an LC-type connector sleeve of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  55    shows a rear perspective view of the connector shown in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  56    shows a bottom view of the connector shown in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  57    shows a top view of the connector shown in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  58    shows a side view of the connector shown in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  59    shows a first end view of the connector shown in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  60    shows a second end view of the connector shown in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  61    shows a front perspective view of an MPO-type connector sleeve of the optical waveguide module shown in  FIG.  49   . 
         FIG.  62    shows a rear perspective view of the connector shown in  FIG.  61   . 
         FIG.  63    shows a bottom view of the connector shown in  FIG.  61   . 
         FIG.  64    shows a top view of the connector shown in  FIG.  61   . 
         FIG.  65    shows a side view of the connector shown in  FIG.  61   . 
         FIG.  66    shows a first end view of the connector shown in  FIG.  61   . 
         FIG.  67    shows a second end view of the connector shown in  FIG.  61   . 
         FIG.  68    shows a perspective view of a ninth embodiment of an assembled optical waveguide module within a housing having features that are examples of aspects in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  69    shows a perspective view of the assembled optical waveguide module of  FIG.  68    with a top portion of a housing removed. 
         FIG.  70    shows a perspective view of the assembled optical waveguide module of  FIG.  68    removed from the housing. 
         FIG.  71    shows a perspective view of an optical light guide and connector sleeves of the optical waveguide module of  FIG.  68   . 
         FIG.  72    shows a perspective view of the optical light guide shown in  FIG.  71   . 
         FIG.  73    shows a schematic top view of a sleeve and optical light guide having a first alternative shape for the respective protrusions and notches described for the disclosed embodiments disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  74    shows a schematic top view of a sleeve and optical light guide having a second alternative shape for the respective protrusions and notches described for the embodiments disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments are described with reference to the following figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified. 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  1 - 7   , a first example of an optical waveguide module  10  in accordance with the disclosure is presented. The optical waveguide module  10  operates as a passive interface with passive alignment features that allow fiber optic connectors, for example connectors  12 ,  16 , to be placed in optical communication with each other. 
     As is discussed in greater detail below, this function is achieved through the use of a planar optical light guide  20  to which edge connectors  50  are attached. The edge connectors  50  each include one or more adapters to interface with an optical plug, such as LC-duplex, LC-simplex, MPO/MTP, or MT-RJ. Opposite the adapters, the connectors  50  will install along the edge of the planar optical light guide  20  and align to optical pathways  36  present on or within the light guide  20 . The optical pathways  36  may be provided with different cross-sectional shapes, for example round and rectangular cross-sectional shapes. An optical signal is transmitted from a first edge connector  50  through an optical pathway  36  to a second edge connector  50 . In one embodiment, the optical signal will remain passive within the modular unit  10 . 
     As can be seen at  FIGS.  2 ,  44 - 47 , and  68 - 69    the various disclosed modules may be provided with a sealed clamshell housing. A housing  91  is shown schematically at  FIG.  2   , while exemplary housing embodiments  591 ,  791 , and  791 ′ are shown at  FIGS.  44 - 45 ,  46 - 57 , and  68 - 69   , respectively. As shown, housing  91  has an upper half  92  and a lower half  94 , while housing  591  likewise has an upper half  592  and a lower half  594 . As shown, upper half  592  and lower half  594  are identically shaped, although this is not necessary. To enable the connectors to extend through the housing  591 , the upper housing half  592  can be provided with notched openings  591   a ,  593   a  and the lower housing half can be likewise be provided with similar notched openings  591   b ,  593   b.    
     With reference to  FIG.  44   , it can be seen that the connectors  550   b  are provided with continuous slots  596   a ,  596   b  that are configured for accepting and securing the edges of the upper and lower housing halves  592 ,  594 , respectively. Connector  550   a  is also shown as having partially extending slots  598   a ,  598   b . These features also help to deflect forces on the substrate caused by the insertion or movement of the corresponding fiber optic plug. It is also noted that the connectors, such as connectors  550   a ,  550   b  may be provided with upper and lower slots  596 ,  598  for accepting and securing the edges of the housing halves  592 ,  594 . The housing material may be silicone-sealed plastic, thermoplastic resin, die-cast, or sheet metal, so that the planar optical light guide is protected. As the housings  791  and  791 ′ and the related connector features are generally similar to that for housing  591 , the above description is equally applicable and incorporated by reference for housing  791  and  791 ′. Also, it is noted that housings and connector configurations described for housings  91  and  591  are applicable for each and every embodiment disclosed herein, although the opening and slot configurations may differ based on the particular connector type and locations utilized. 
     Planar Optical Light Guide 
     As shown, the module  10  includes a planar optical light guide  20  which has a first surface  24  and an opposite second surface  26 . The first and second surfaces  24 ,  26  extend between four side edges  28 ,  30 ,  32 ,  34 . In one embodiment, the optical light guide  20  base substrate is manufactured from a silicon material. 
     The planar optical light guide  20  includes a base substrate layer  22  that is a carrier for one or more optical pathways  36  which extend between the first side edge  28  and the second side edge  30 . In one embodiment, the optical pathways  36  are optical cores, surrounded by an optical cladding layer  40  and  42 . As shown schematically in  FIG.  8   , a plurality of optical cores  36  are shown, on top of a lower optical cladding layer  40 , and covered by an upper optical cladding layer  42 . The optical cores  36  and cladding layers  40 ,  42  extend across the base substrate layer  22  and terminate at one or more of the edges (e.g. side edges  28 ,  30 ) of the planar optical light guide  20 . 
     The base substrate  22  material can be a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate sheet such as an FR-4 PCB (printed circuit board), silicon wafer (Si substrate with Si02 layer), or another suitable material. Where a PCB is used, the substrate can include copper laminated on one or both sides of an FR-4 PCB or layered onto another type of PCB composite. Various processes known in the art, such as vapor deposition and spin-coating in conjunction with a photo-thermal process, may be utilized to form the optical cores  36  and cladding layers  40 ,  42 . In one embodiment, the optical pathways  36  are optical fiber cores  36  that are separately formed and subsequently fixed onto the base substrate  22  between the lower cladding layer  40  and upper cladding layer  42 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the optical cladding layer  42  has a thickness of about 100 micrometers (μm) and the optical cladding layer  40  has a thickness of about 50 μm. The optical pathways or cores have a square cross-sectional shape with a height and width of about 50 μm and are spaced (pitched) about 250 μm (center-to-center) apart from each other. The substrate  22  utilized below the waveguide layers can be a standard FR-4 PCB having a thickness between about 0.8 μm and about 1.5 μm with top and bottom copper laminate layers having a thickness of 35.6 μm (1 ounce). Other configurations and thicknesses are possible without departing from the concepts presented herein. 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the side edges  28 ,  30  of the planar optical light guide  20  can be polished or otherwise processed to permit optical signal transmission to other planar optical light guides  20  or other fiber optic components, such as fiber optic connectors. In one embodiment, the side edges  28 ,  30  are laser cut, for example by a UV laser cutting machine, such that polishing is not required or minimum polishing will be required. The planar optical light guide  20  is shown in a generally planar state. It is to be appreciated that it need not be perfectly planar. It is to be appreciated that it need not be inflexible. Some flexibility is possible, if desired. 
     In one embodiment, the planar optical wave guide  20  may be fabricated in a three-stage process comprising creating the bottom cladding layer  40 , patterning material to make the optical cores or pathways  36 , and encapsulating the cores  36  with a final cladding layer  42 . The materials used can be negative-tone photoresists that can be spun and patterned using photolithography techniques, and in particular soft photolithography using a mold fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In one aspect, the wave guide  20  can be characterized as having an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer construction wherein cladding layers  40 ,  42  are formed to have an index of refraction of 1.5306 and the optical cores are formed to have an index of refraction of 1.55475 with a loss of about 0.06 dB per centimeter. As configured, the planar optical wave guide  20  has a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.273, an acceptance angle (α 0 ) of 15.8 degrees, and a critical angle (θ C ) of 80 degrees. 
     In one step of the process, the starting substrates are conditioned with an oxygen ash followed by a thirty-minute bake on a hot plate at 200° C. The surface is then preferably spun with an adhesion promoter and baked for five minutes at 150° C. It is noted that it is possible to proceed without the adhesion promoter for some constructions. The bottom cladding layer  40  can then be spun on to the substrate  22  with a spin-coating process targeting for 50 μm. The resulting film can then be given a three-minute soft-bake at 80° C. Subsequently, the film can be hardened, for example with a blanket UV exposure, which can then be followed by another three-minute bake at 80° C. In one embodiment, the UV exposure is performed by a Karl Suss MA6 mask aligner which is a top and bottom side contact printer used for fine lithography down to 1 micron or better. Where the exposure is done in atmosphere, a thin layer of uncured liquid polymer may remain on the wafers which can be removed with a ninety-second dip in developer. A final hard-bake can be performed with a three-hour bake at 150° C. in a nitrogen-purged oven. 
     Preferably, the process of patterning the core material  36  would immediately follow the hard-bake of the bottom cladding layer  40 ; otherwise, a hot-plate bake can be necessary to drive off moisture. Furthermore, it has been found that the adhesion of patterned waveguide pathways  36  is more reliable if the top surface of cladding layer  40  is pre-treated with an oxygen plasma. This treatment can be performed done with a barrel asher. However, it is noted that while such a treatment can greatly improve the adhesion, over-etching the surface is possible, which can cause cracks and craze lines to form in the surface after the developing process. In one approach, the core material  36  is applied with a spin-coating process targeting 50 μm thickness and given a three-minute soft-bake at 80° C. Subsequently a mask aligner and a dark-field mask can be used to expose the core material  36 . 
     Using the above described process, the photo-patterning of the waveguide structures  36  can be a difficult part of the process as the unexposed material is still wet after the soft-bake. Accordingly, with such an approach, steps should be taken to prevent the mask from contacting the polymer surface and the exposure should be done with a proximity mode. Exposures can be performed for ninety seconds at 12 mW/cm2 (milliwatts per centimeter squared), although lower exposures are possible. Subsequently, a post-exposure bake of a three-minute soft-bake at 80° C. can be applied. The patterns can then be developed, for example, by agitating the wafer in the developer and rinsing with isopropyl alcohol. Once again, a final hard-bake can be performed with a three-hour bake at 150° C. in a nitrogen-purged oven. 
     It is noted that top cladding layer  42  must sufficiently encapsulate the core  36  with enough thickness to prevent loss from the waveguide. Although such a structure can be produced that accomplishes this in one step, doing so requires a low spin-speed which reduces the thickness control. The slower spin-speed also increases the difficulty in keeping bubbles in the resist from getting hung up on the topology of the waveguides. Accordingly, the process can be easier to control when the top cladding is produced in two steps; each step consisting of the same cycle of spin-coat, soft-bake, exposure, post-expose bake and hard-bake described above. In one embodiment, the final cladding layer  40  would be targeted for a 50 μm thickness over the patterned core for a total thickness of 100 μm. 
     Edge Connectors and Assembly 
     As shown, module  10  includes a plurality of edge connectors  50 , in the form of fiber optic adapters. Each connector  50  connects to one or more of the optical pathways  36 . As shown, the optical waveguide module  10  also includes a connection arrangement for connecting LC connectors  50  to LC connectors  50 . As will be described below, various alternative arrangements can be provided for the waveguide modules  10  for connecting other connector formats, or connecting one or more modules together. Module  10  shows interconnections between duplex LC connectors  50  to duplex LC connectors  50 . Alternatively, the LC connectors  50  can be manufactured as a single block of any desired number of ports. 
     As most easily seen at  FIG.  7   , each edge connector  50  includes an adapter port  52  for receiving a fiber optic connector  12 ,  16 . Each adapter port  52  includes an internal passageway  54  configured to receive a ferrule  13 ,  17  of the optical connector  12 ,  16  to allow the ferrule  13 ,  17  to be placed in optical communication with the optical passageways  36  of the planar waveguide  20 . The edge connector  50  can also be provided with a catch  56  for engaging and retaining a latching mechanism  14 ,  18  of the optical connector  12 ,  16 . 
     Still referring to  FIG.  7   , each edge connector  50  is further shown as being provided with an alignment slot  60  opposite the adapter port  52 . The alignment slot  60  is for providing alignment in a direction Z between the optical waveguide  20  and the connector  50  such that the ferrule  13 ,  17  will be sufficiently aligned with an optical pathway  36  in the direction Z. The direction Z is generally orthogonal to the plane defined by the first and second surfaces  24 ,  26  of the optical light guide  20 . As configured, the alignment slot  60  is formed by a first sidewall  62 , a second sidewall  64 , and a base portion  66  extending between the first and second sidewalls  62 ,  64 . When the connector  50  is installed on a side edge (e.g. side edge  28  or  30 ), the first sidewall  62  is adjacent to and extends over the first planar surface  24  while the second sidewall  64  is adjacent to and extends over the second planar surface  26 . The spacing between the sidewalls  62 ,  64  is generally equal to the total thickness of the optical waveguide  20  which ensures proper alignment in direction Z of the adapter port  52 , and thereby ferrules  13 ,  17  relative to the ends of the optical passageways  36 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the planar optical light guide  20  is shown as having a plurality of alignment notches  38  at the first and second side edges  28 ,  30 . Each of the alignment notches  38  are for providing alignment in a direction X with a corresponding protrusion  68  provided on the connector  50 . Direction X is generally parallel to the length of the side edges  28 ,  30 . As shown, each connector  60  is provided with two protrusions  68 , each of which engages a corresponding notch  38  on either side of an optical pathway  36 . As shown, a notch  38  is provided on each side of the optical pathway  36 . Accordingly, the notches  38  and protrusions  68  index the connector  50  to the optical waveguide  20  in a direction X to ensure that the adapter port  52 , and thus ferrules  13 ,  17 , is properly aligned with the ends of the optical passageways  36 . It is noted that each connector  50  may be provided with only one notch  68  or more than two notches  68 , as desired. 
     It is also noted that the depth of the notches  38  and the length of the protrusions  68  can be configured to provide a stop position for insertion of the connector  50  onto the optical waveguide  20  such that the edge connector has minimum end separation in a direction Y. Many typical fiber optic connectors, such as connectors  12 ,  16 , have ferrules  13 ,  17  that are spring loaded to ensure that the ends of the ferrules  13 ,  17  are in physical contact with another optical transmission device such that no loss in efficiency or optical power loss results through unduly large air gaps or the like. As the edges  28 ,  30  of the optical light guide  20  are generally rigid, it is desirable to minimize optical end separation of the edge connector  50  on the optical waveguide  20  in the Y direction such that a spring loaded ferrule  13 ,  17  can operate within its own range of motion to engage with the optical pathway  36  at the edges  28 ,  30  of the optical light guide  20 . The Y direction is generally parallel to the length of the side edges  32 ,  34 . The location of the alignment slot base  66  can also be selected to properly position the connector  50  relative to the edges  28 ,  30  in the Y direction. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , optical waveguide end face protection is provided in the form of an index matching film  70 . The index matching film  70  protects the optical pathway  36  ends at the edges  28 ,  30  from the insertion and impact forces from receiving optical connector  12 ,  16 . This helps to prevent damage to the optical pathway ends to ensure data integrity and to minimize the occurrence of errors, link failures, and optical power degradation. As shown, the index matching film  70  is applied at least to the side edges  28 ,  30 . The index matching film  70  may also be formed along waveguide first surface  24  and the second surface  26  adjacent to the side edges  28 ,  30  to provide better attachment and durability of the film  70 . In such an application, the connector slot sidewalls  62 ,  64  extend over the index matching film  70  to help hold film  70  in position for assembly purposes. 
     Another way to prevent optical waveguide end face damage from the insertion and impact forces from receiving an optical plug is to provide a physical contact distance between waveguide side edges  28 ,  30  and ferrule  13 ,  17  within the optical coupling limits. One embodiment will have a physical contact feature which engages the optical connector  12 ,  16  and prevents physical contact between the ferrule  13 ,  17  end face and the waveguide side edges  28 ,  30 . In one embodiment, the optical waveguide side edges  28 ,  30  are recessed back from the physical contact interface area between the optical plug ferrule  13 ,  17  and optical waveguide side edges  28 ,  30 . The resulting gap or distance between the optical waveguide end face and the optical plug end face can be an air gap or filled with an index matching gel. 
     In order to secure the connectors  50  to the optical light guide  20 , an adhesive may be applied at the interface of the alignment slot  60  and the first and second planar surfaces  24 ,  26  of the optical light guide  20 . In one embodiment, the adhesive is an epoxy adhesive. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9 - 12   , a second embodiment of an optical waveguide module  110  is presented. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the first embodiment shown in  FIGS.  1 - 8   , the description for the first embodiment is hereby incorporated by reference for the second embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  150  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). The following description for the second embodiment will be limited primarily to the differences between the first and second embodiments. 
     The primary difference of the second embodiment is that MPO type edge connectors  150  are shown instead of LC duplex type connectors  50 . A typical MPO type connector  112 ,  116  has twelve fiber optic connections. Accordingly, the planar optical light guide  120  has significantly more optical pathways  136  (e.g. 36 optical pathways with three MPO connectors on each side) than that shown for the first embodiment  10 . 
     As shown, the connectors  150  have an adapter port  152  and a catch mechanism  156  for receiving and retaining an MPO type connector. Referring to  FIGS.  10  and  11   , each connector  150  has an alignment slot  160  having a first sidewall  162 , a second sidewall  164 , and a base portion  166  extending between the first and second sidewalls  162 ,  164 . The first and second sidewalls  162 ,  164  engage with the first and second planar surfaces  124 ,  126  of the optical light guide  120 , respectively. Each connector  150  is also shown as having a pair of protrusions  168  that interface with corresponding notches  138  in the planar optical light guide  120 . Accordingly, the connector  150  and planar optical light guide  120  have features that align the adapter port  152  in the X, Y, and Z directions in generally the same manner as for the first embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  13 - 17   , a third embodiment of an optical waveguide module  210  is shown. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the first and second embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 12   , the description for the first and second embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the third embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  250  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). The following description for the third embodiment will be limited primarily to the differences between this embodiment and previously described embodiments. 
     The primary difference for the third embodiment is that an edge connector  250  is provided that allows two planar optical light guides  220   a ,  220   b  to be connected together. As such, edge connector  250  enables a degree of platform modularity in that preassembled planar optical light guides having any number of different connector types and arrangements can be connected together to create an even larger number and variety of waveguide module  210  configurations. 
     As shown, the edge connector  250  joins the side edges  228  of two optical light guides  220   a ,  220   b  such that one or more first fiber optic connectors  212  can be placed in optical communication with one or more second fiber optic connectors  216 . Referring to  FIG.  15   , it can be observed that the first side edges  228  are adjacent to each other when the optical light guides  220   a ,  220   b  are joined by connectors  250 . An index matching film or gel may be applied to the first side edges  228  for protection and prevention of signal power loss. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  16  and  17   , the edge connector  250  is shown as having a first alignment slot  260   a  and a second alignment slot  260   b  opposite the first alignment slot  260   a . The first alignment slot  260   a  has a first sidewall  262   a  and a second sidewall  264   a  that engage with the first and second planar surfaces  224 ,  226  of the optical light guides  220 , respectively. The second alignment slot  260   b  has a first sidewall  262   b  and a second sidewall  264   b  that engage with the first and second planar surfaces  224 ,  226  of the optical light guide  220 , respectively. As with other described embodiments, the alignment slots  260   a ,  260   b  ensure proper alignment between the optical pathways  236  of the light guides  220   a ,  220   b  in the Z direction. 
     The edge connector  250  is also provided with a central protrusion  268   a  and a pair of side protrusions  268   b . The central protrusion engages with notches  239  in the light guide  220   a ,  220   b  while the side protrusions  268   b  engage with notches  238  in the light guide  220   a ,  220   b . In the embodiment shown, notches  239  are larger than the notches  238 , although variations are possible. The notches and protrusions cooperate to provide alignment of the optical pathways  236  of each light guide  220   a ,  220   b  in the X direction. Likewise, the length of the notches and protrusions can be selected to ensure a desired relative position along direction Y between the side edges  228  of the light guides  220   a ,  220   b.    
     Referring to  FIGS.  18 - 19   , a fourth embodiment of an optical waveguide module  310  is presented. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the first and second embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 12   , the description for the first and second embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the fourth embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  350  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). The following description for the fourth embodiment will be limited primarily to the differences between this embodiment and previously described embodiments. 
     The primary difference for the fourth embodiment is that the optical waveguide module  310  is provided as a distribution or furcation module in which a single side edge connector  350   a  distributes fiber optic pathways to a plurality of side edge connectors  350   b , rather than there being a one-to-one relationship of oppositely positioned side edge connectors  50  or  150 . More specifically, the fourth embodiment  310  shows a single side edge connector  350   a  having an adapter port for an MPO type fiber optic connector  312  from which optical pathways  336  are distributed across the optical light guide  320  to four side edge connectors having duplex adapter ports for LC type connectors  316 . 
     It is noted that a typical MPO connector generally carries twelve optical fiber connections, and therefore the embodiment shown does not use four of the connections provided by the MPO connector. However, it is to be understood that optical waveguide module  310  could be configured with a sufficient number of LC type, or other types of side edge connectors  350   b  to utilize all or fewer of the available connections provided by the MPO type side edge connector  350   a , as shown in later discussed embodiments. 
     As shown, the side edge connector  350   a  and its engagement with the planar optical waveguide module  320  is the same as that for connector  150 , and therefore will not be discussed further. Likewise, the side edge connectors  350   b  and their engagement with planar optical light guide  320  are the same as that for connector  50 , and also do not need to be further discussed. However, the planar optical light guide  320  differs in that the optical pathways  336  are not provided in a straight line, as is the case for waveguides  20 ,  120 , and  220 . Instead, the optical pathways extend from a central location at the first side edge  328  and bend radially outwards to be further spaced apart at the second side edge  330 . It is noted, because the dimensions and configuration of the optical pathways  336  can be precisely manufactured, the distance between the first and second side edges  328  and  330  can be significantly reduced, as compared to other types of optical furcation means. Referring to  FIG.  20   , a configuration is shown in which two optical waveguide modules  310  are connected to each other via a cable  313  having MPO type connectors  312  at each end. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  21 - 31   , a fifth embodiment of an optical waveguide module  410  is presented. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the previous embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 20   , the description for the previous embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the fifth embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  450  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). The following description for the fourth embodiment will be limited primarily to the differences between this embodiment and previously described embodiments. 
     As shown, the optical waveguide module  410  includes a planar optical light guide  420  having features similar to that shown for the first embodiment  20  wherein the light guide  420  extends between a first side edge  428  and a second side edge  430  with a plurality of notches  438  being provided at each edge. The edge connectors  450  are shown as having LC duplex adapter ports  452 , although other connector types may be used. However, the edge connectors  450  are different from previous embodiments in that the edge connectors  450  are provided with a two-piece design wherein a sleeve  472  is inserted into a cavity  474  of a body  484  of the edge connector  450 . 
     As can be most easily seen at  FIGS.  28 - 31   , each sleeve  472  is provided with an internal passageway  473  extending into an alignment slot  460  and a pair of alignment protrusions  468  within the slot  460 . As with previously discussed embodiments, the slot  460  sidewalls  462 ,  464  and the protrusions  468  engage with the first and second planar surfaces  424 ,  426  and the notches  438  of the optical light guide  420  to align the sleeve  472  in the X, Y, and Z directions. As shown, the protrusions  468  have rounded ends to enable easier initial insertion of the protrusions  468  into the notches  438 . 
     As shown, the sleeve  472  has a first portion  476  having a slot  460  with first and second sidewalls  462 ,  464 . As most easily seen at  FIG.  30   , the sidewalls  462 ,  464  are provided with a chamfer type cut at their ends to enable easier initial insertion of the optical light guide  420  into the slot  460 . The sleeve  472  also has a second portion  478  that has a smaller outside dimension than the first portion  476  such that a shoulder  480  is formed. As can be seen at  FIG.  27   , the shoulder  480  can provide a position stop for the sleeve  472  against a corresponding stop surface  486  on the connector body  484 . When assembled, the sleeve first portion  476  fits tightly with the connector body cavity  474  such that adequate alignment between the internal passageway  473  and the adapter port  452  is maintained. To allow the connector body  484  to pass over the optical light guide surfaces  424 ,  426 , an enlarged slot  488  is provided that does not come into contact with the optical light guide  420 . However, slot  488  may be provided to tightly fit against the optical light guide first and second surfaces  424 ,  426  to further aid in alignment. 
     In one embodiment, the sleeve  472  is provided with an aperture  482  through which an adhesive, such as an epoxy, can be applied to secure the sleeve  472  to the optical light guide  420  and/or the edge connector body  484 . As shown at  FIGS.  26  and  27   , an optional index matching film  470  may be provided. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  32 - 42   , a sixth embodiment of an optical waveguide module  510  is presented. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the previous embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 31   , the description for the previous embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the sixth embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  550  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). The following description for the sixth embodiment will be limited primarily to the differences between this embodiment and previously described embodiments. 
     The sixth embodiment  510  is similar to the fifth embodiment, in that a plurality of two-piece type connectors is used for the optical light guide. The sixth embodiment  510  is also similar to the fourth embodiment, in that an optical waveguide module  510  is provided as a distribution or furcation module in which a single side edge connector  550   a  distributes fiber optic pathways to a plurality of side edge connectors  550   b . As with the fourth embodiment, the sixth embodiment shows a single side edge connector  550   a  having an adapter port for an MPO type fiber optic connector  512  from which optical pathways  536  are distributed across the optical light guide  520 , and in this case, to six side edge connectors  550   b  having duplex adapter ports for LC type connectors  516 . However, the sixth embodiment is different in that a two-piece connector  550   a  with an MPO type adapter port is utilized, and in that the side edge connectors  550   b  are provided on three side edges  530 ,  532 ,  534  of the optical light guide  520 . As the connectors  550   b  have already been discussed in detail for the fifth embodiment, they will not be discussed further. 
     As can be most easily seen at  FIGS.  32 - 42   , each sleeve  572   a  is provided with an internal passageway  573  extending into an alignment slot  560  and a pair of alignment walls  568  within the slot  560 . It is noted that optical light guide  520  includes a protrusion  538  that engages with the walls  568  to align the sleeve  572   a  in the X direction and in the Y direction. As with previously discussed embodiments, the slot  560  sidewalls  562 ,  564  engage with the first and second planar surfaces  524 ,  526  of the optical light guide  520  to align the sleeve  572   a  in the Z direction. As shown, the alignment walls  568  have rounded ends to enable easier initial insertion of the sleeve  572   a  onto the protrusion  538 . It is noted, that although the protrusion  538  and alignment wall  568  configuration is described for an MPO type connector, this configuration could also be used for other types of connectors, such as LC type connectors. 
     As shown, the sleeve  572   a  has a first portion  576  having a slot  560  with first and second sidewalls  562 ,  564 . As most easily seen at  FIG.  41   , the sidewalls  562 ,  564  are provided with a chamfer type cut at their ends to enable easier initial insertion of the optical light guide  520  into the slot  560 . The sleeve  572   a  also has a second portion  578  that has a smaller outside dimension than the first portion  576  such that a shoulder  580  is formed. In one embodiment, the shoulder  580  can provide a position stop for the sleeve  572   a  against a corresponding stop surface on the connector body  584 . When assembled, the sleeve first portion  576  fits tightly with the connector body cavity  574  such that adequate alignment between the internal passageway  573  and the adapter port  552  is maintained. To allow the connector body  584  to pass over the optical light guide surfaces  524 ,  526 , a slot  588  is provided that can be configured to not come into contact with the optical light guide  520  or configured to contact the first and second surfaces  524 ,  526  to additionally aid in alignment. 
     In one embodiment, the sleeve  572   a  is provided with apertures  582  through which an adhesive, such as an epoxy, can be applied to secure the sleeve  572   a  to the optical light guide  520  and/or the edge connector body  584 . The sleeve  572   a  is also shown as being provided with receptacles  590  that are configured for receiving corresponding alignment pins on the connector  512 . An optional index matching film  570  may be also provided on the side edges  528 ,  530 ,  532 , and  534 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  43   , a seventh embodiment of an optical waveguide module  610  is presented. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the previous embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 42   , the description for the previous embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the sixth embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  650  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). 
     The seventh embodiment  610  is similar to the sixth embodiment  510 , in that a plurality of two-piece type connectors is used for the optical light guide in a furcation application. The seventh embodiment  610  is also similar to the fourth embodiment in that all of the side edge connectors  650   a ,  650   b  are on opposite sides of the optical light guide  620 . As with the sixth embodiment, the seventh embodiment shows a single side edge connector  650   a  having an adapter port for an MPO type fiber optic connector  612  from which optical pathways  636  are distributed across the optical light guide  620 , and in this case, to six oppositely positioned side edge connectors  650   b  having duplex adapter ports for LC type connectors  616 . As the connectors  650   a ,  650   b  have already been discussed in detail for the fifth and sixth embodiments, they will not be discussed further. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  46 - 67   , an eighth embodiment of an optical waveguide module  710  is presented. As many of the concepts and features are similar to the previous embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 45   , the description for the previous embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the eighth embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  750  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). The following description for the eighth embodiment will be limited primarily to the differences between this embodiment and previously described embodiments. 
     The eighth embodiment  710  is similar to the fifth through seventh embodiments, in that a plurality of two-piece type connectors is used in conjunction with an optical light guide  720 . The eighth embodiment  710  is also similar to the sixth embodiment in that an optical waveguide module  710  is provided as a distribution or furcation module in which a single side edge connector  750   a  distributes fiber optic pathways to a plurality of side edge connectors  750   b . As with the sixth embodiment, the eighth embodiment shows a single side edge connector  750   a  having an adapter port for an MPO type fiber optic connector (e.g.  512 ) from which optical pathways  736  are distributed across the optical light guide  720 , and in this case, to six side edge connectors  750   b  having duplex adapter ports for LC type connectors (e.g.  516 ). However, the eighth embodiment is different in that the two-piece MPO type adapter port connector  750   a  utilizes a sleeve  772   a  that engages with only one side  724  and an edge  728  of the optical light guide  720  instead of a slot that engages both sides (e.g.  24 ,  26 ) and the edge (e.g.  28 ) of the light guide  720 . Similarly, the eighth embodiment is also different in that the LP type adapter port connector  750   b  utilizes a sleeve  772   b  that engages with only one side  724  and one edge  730 ,  732  or  734  of the optical light guide  720  instead of a slot that engages both sides (e.g.  24 ,  26 ) and an edge (e.g.  28 ) of the light guide  720 . Accordingly, each edge connector  750   a  and  750   b  continues to have a slot  788  that extends across the sides  724  and  726  of the optical light guide  720 , but in which the cavity  774  is only provided adjacent the side  724  of the light guide  720  at which the optical pathways  736  are provided. 
     As can be most easily seen at  FIGS.  54 - 60   , each sleeve  772   b  is provided with an internal passageway  773  extending into an alignment channel  760  with a pair of alignment protrusions  768  adjacent the channel  760 . As shown, the channel is bounded by sidewalls  762  and planar surface  769  extending in a perpendicular direction from the sidewalls  762 . As shown, the sleeve  772   b  has a first portion  776  including the channel  760  with the sidewalls  762 . The sleeve  772   b  also has a second portion  778  through which passageway  773  extends and which forms a shoulder  780 . The shoulder  780  can provide a position stop for the sleeve  772   b  against a corresponding stop surface on the connector body  750   b , as shown for other embodiments. When assembled, the sleeve first portion  776  fits tightly with the connector body cavity  774  such that adequate alignment between the internal passageway  473  and the adapter port is maintained. To allow the connector  750   b  to pass over the optical light guide surfaces  724 ,  726 , an enlarged slot  788  is provided that does not come into contact with the optical light guide  720 . However, slot  788  may be provided to tightly fit against the optical light guide first and second surfaces  724 ,  726  to further aid in alignment. As shown for other embodiments, the sleeve  772   b  may be provided with an aperture through which an adhesive, such as an epoxy, can be applied to secure the sleeve  772   b  to the optical light guide  720  and/or the edge connector body  750   b . An optional index matching film may also be provided. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  61 - 67   , sleeve  772   a  is shown in greater detail. As presented, each sleeve  772   a  is provided with a channel  773  configured to receive a tab portion  739  adjacent recess portions  741  of the optical light guide  720 . The sleeve  772   a  is also shown as being provided with receptacles  790  that are configured for receiving corresponding alignment pins on the connector (e.g. connector  512 ). The sleeve  772   a  is also provided with alignment channels  760  with a pair of alignment protrusions  768  adjacent the channels  760 . As shown, the channels  760  are bounded by sidewalls  762  and planar surfaces  769  extending in a perpendicular direction from the sidewalls  762 . As shown, the sleeve  772   a  has a first portion  776  including the channels  760  with the sidewalls  762 . The sleeve  772   a  also has a second portion  778  through which channel  773  extends and which forms a shoulder  780 . The shoulder  780  can provide a position stop for the sleeve  772   a  against a corresponding stop surface on the connector body  750   a , as shown for other embodiments. When assembled, the sleeve first portion  776  fits tightly with the connector body cavity  774  such that adequate alignment between the channel  773  and the adapter port is maintained. To allow the connector  750   a  to pass over the optical light guide surfaces  724 ,  726 , an enlarged slot  788  is provided that does not come into contact with the optical light guide  720 . However, slot  788  may be provided to tightly fit against the optical light guide first and second surfaces  724 ,  726  to further aid in alignment. As shown for other embodiments, the sleeve  772   a  may be provided with an aperture through which an adhesive, such as an epoxy, can be applied to secure the sleeve  772   a  to the optical light guide  720  and/or the edge connector body  750   a . An optional index matching film may also be provided. 
     In one aspect, the planar surface  769  of each of the sleeves  772   a ,  772   b  engages with the side edge  728 ,  730 ,  732 , or  734  of the optical light guide  720  to align the position of the sleeve  772   a ,  772   b  in the Y direction while the sidewalls  762  engage with the first planar surface  724  of the optical light guide  720  to align the sleeve in the Z direction. As with other embodiments, the protrusions  768  engage with notches  738  of the optical light guide  720  to align the sleeve  772   a ,  772   b  in the X direction. As shown, the protrusions  768  have rounded ends to enable easier initial insertion of the protrusions  768  into the notches  738 . Because the sleeve  772   a ,  722   b  is provided with sidewalls  762  instead of a slot, the sleeve  772  can be installed onto the first surface  724  of the optical light guide  720  in a downward direction instead of sliding the sleeve onto the optical light guide  720  from one of the side edges  728 ,  730 ,  732 ,  734 . Furthermore, the use of sidewalls  762  instead of a slot allow the sleeve  772   a ,  772   b  to be positioned onto the optical light guide  720  without reliance on the exact thickness of the optical light guide  720  for proper positioning of the sleeve  772   a ,  772   b  in the Z direction. 
     In contrast to other embodiments, and as most easily seen at  FIGS.  52  and  53   , the optical light guide  720  can be provided with notches  738  that extend only partially through the thickness of the optical light guide  720  at a first depth d from the first surface  724 . In one embodiment, the notches  738  have a depth d that is the same as the thickness of the cladding layer  742 , while in another embodiment, the notches  738  have a depth d that is equal to the thickness of the cladding layers  740  and  742 . In another embodiment, the notches  738  extend through the cladding layers  740 ,  742  and into the base substrate layer  722 . Of course, the notches  738  may also extend all of the way through the cladding layers  740 ,  742  and the base substrate layer  722  as with the other shown embodiments. Likewise, the other shown embodiments may be provided with notches that do not extend completely through the optical light guide as well. Where a partial depth notch  738  is provided, the protrusions  768  can be provided with a corresponding height h that is equal to or less than the depth d of the notch  738  such that the sidewalls  762  can engage with the first surface  724  of the optical light guide  720 . 
     Because the sleeves  772   a  and/or  772   b  are provided with open sidewalls  762  and mounted in a downward direction onto the optical light guide  720 , it is also possible to provide the notches  738  with shapes other than the longitudinal opening that would be normally associated with a slotted sleeve. By using a shape or shapes for the notch  738  that also extend in the X direction on the optical light guide  720  in conjunction with similarly shaped protrusions  768 , the sleeves  772   a  and/or  772   b  can be fixed in both the X and the Y directions by the notch  738  engaging with the protrusion  768 . Non-limiting examples of shapes that extend in the X and Y directions are intersecting orthogonal slots, as shown at  FIG.  73   , polygonal shapes (e.g. a circle, square, rectangle, etc.), and combinations of shapes having dimensions that extend in the X and Y direction, as shown at  FIG.  74   . 
     In one configuration, each sleeve  772   a  and/or  772   b  is aligned and mounted to the optical light guide  720  in a temporary fixture. In the temporary fixture, the sleeves  772   a  and/or  772   b  can be permanently attached to the optical light guide  720 , for example with epoxy. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  68 - 72   , a ninth embodiment of an optical waveguide module  710 ′ is presented that is generally similar to the eighth embodiment  710 . As many of the concepts and features are similar to the previous embodiments shown in  FIGS.  1 - 67   , the description for the previous embodiments are hereby incorporated by reference for the ninth embodiment. Where like or similar features or elements are shown, the same reference numbers will be used where possible (e.g. reference number  750  instead of reference number  50  for the edge connector). 
     The ninth embodiment  710 ′ is similar to the eighth embodiment  710 , in that a plurality of two-piece type connectors with non-slotted sleeves is used for the optical light guide. The ninth embodiment  710 ′ is also similar to the fifth embodiment in that all of the side edge connectors are on opposite sides of the optical light guide  720 ′. For the ninth embodiment, a plurality of LC-simplex type side edge connectors  750   b ′ are provided at a first side edge  728 ′ of the optical light guide  720 ′ while a combination of LC-simplex type side edge connectors  750   b ′ and LC-duplex type side edge connectors  750   b  are provide at a second opposite side edge  730 ′ of the optical light guide  720 ′. As shown, five LC-simplex type edge connectors  750   b ′ are provided on the first side edge for a total of five optical pathway connections. The second side edge includes three LC-simplex type edge connectors  750   b ′ and two LC-duplex type side edge connectors  750   b  for a total of seven optical pathway connections. As most easily seen at  FIG.  72   , the optical light guide  720 ′ for this embodiment is provided with three linear optical pathways  736  extending between the first and second side edges  728 ′,  730 ′ and between oppositely positioned connectors  750   b ′. The optical light guide  720 ′ is also provided with two split pathways  736 ′ that extend from the first side edge  728 ′ and from a connector  750   b ′ which split into a first pathway  736   a  and a second pathway  736   b  before reaching the second side edge  730 ′ and a connector  750   b . As the connectors  750   a ,  750   b  have already been discussed in detail they will not be discussed further for this embodiment. 
     In one embodiment, the above described connectors and sleeves are formed from a thermoplastic resin material, for example polyetherimide (PEI) thermoplastic resin. In one embodiment, the thermoplastic resin material is formed into the connectors and sleeves through the use of a micro molding process which allows for very high tolerances to be achieved. 
     The various embodiments described above describe a platform that will have minimum components and assembly processes with short lead-time and low cost for final module product. The embodiments can also be used for optical modules such as signal splitters (OLS/GPON), monitor testing (TAP), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), transceivers for optical to electrical converters, backplane interconnects, physical layer management, and MEMS integration for optical cross-connects. Furthermore, as the side edge connectors are configured with adapter ports that receive standard fiber optic connectors, the fiber optic connectors and side edge connectors are easily connected and disconnected from each other in a repeatable fashion without the need for time consuming optical alignment procedures. Furthermore, the above described connectors and alignment features provide for fiber optic connectivity between the connectors and cores/pathways that satisfies international standard IEC-61754-20 (for LC connectors) and standard IEC-61754-7 (for MPO connectors). 
     The various embodiments described above are provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the claims attached hereto. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize various modifications and changes that may be made without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the disclosure. It is particularly noted that the disclosure is not limited to the discrete embodiments disclosed, as many combinations of features among and between the disclosed embodiments can be combined in a number of ways.