Patent Publication Number: US-11383475-B2

Title: Dunnage conversion machine and method

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a national phase of International Application No. PCT/US2017/030527, filed May 2, 2017, and published in the English language, and which claims priority to U.S. Application No. 62/331,411, filed May 3, 2016, both which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is related to dunnage machines, and more particularly to machines and methods for converting a sheet stock material into a relatively less dense dunnage product. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In the process of shipping one or more articles in a container, dunnage products typically are placed in the container to fill voids and to protect the articles during shipment. Such dunnage products can be made of plastic, such as air bags or bubble wrap, or paper, such as a crumpled paper dunnage product. 
     A dunnage conversion machine converts a sheet stock material into a relatively lower density dunnage product. The sheet stock material typically is provided as a continuous sheet. This enables a dunnage conversion machine to convert the sheet stock material into a substantially continuous strip of dunnage without a lot of down time to replenish the supply of stock material. Discrete dunnage products of any length then may be severed from the strip. Some examples of machines that convert plastic or paper sheets into dunnage products are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,950,433 and 7,220,476. 
     Dunnage conversion machines employ a variety of cutting mechanisms to sever dunnage products from the converted strip of dunnage. Sometimes a row of perforations are formed across the sheet stock material or the converted strip of dunnage and then a packer manually separates the dunnage product from the strip of dunnage by tearing along the perforations. And some strips of dunnage are made of a material that can be manually torn without perforations. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention provides a dunnage conversion machine, system, and method that incompletely severs dunnage products from strips of dunnage to facilitate delivery of the dunnage products from the conversion machine to a packer. In particular, the conversion machine only partially cuts across the width of the dunnage product, leaving the remainder to be manually separated by a packer. This helps to maintain the dunnage products in a desired sequence and facilitates more orderly delivery. 
     For example, in a situation where dunnage products are provided to a delivery chute or conveyor, successive dunnage products output into the chute tend to shingle, with successive dunnage products riding up over or sliding under preceding dunnage products. This can lead to dunnage products falling off the chute or not being provided in a correct order. The different dunnage products can have different lengths, in which case the order in which they are supplied may be important for the packer to place in a container in the proper order. The connection between respective dunnage products in the string of connected dunnage products provided by the present invention keeps the dunnage products together and helps to ensure that the dunnage products do not shingle or fall out of the order in which they were produced. 
     As another example, when dunnage products are being dispensed to a bin for subsequent retrieval by a packer, the weight of the leading dunnage products extending into the bin applies tension to uncut portions connecting the leading and subsequent dunnage products. This tension typically is insufficient to cause the dunnage products to separate, but is sufficient to ensure that the dunnage products travel to the bin without shingling or any other problems. Packers separate discrete dunnage products from the leading end of the string of dunnage products as needed. 
     More specifically, summarizing the claimed invention, the present invention provides a dunnage conversion machine including a conversion assembly that converts a sheet stock material into a lower-density strip of dunnage having a width and a height that is less than the width, a cutting assembly downstream of the conversion assembly to cut the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product of a desired length, and a controller that controls the operation of the cutting assembly. The controller is configured to control the cutting assembly to cut across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product. 
     The dunnage conversion machine may further include elements that define a path for the strip of dunnage through the cutting assembly. 
     The cutting assembly may include a cutting blade. The controller may be configured to control the cutting assembly to move the cutting blade into the path from a lateral side of the path. 
     The path may be configured to accommodate the width of the strip of dunnage extending between lateral sides of the path. The cutting assembly may be configured to cut between 25% and 95% of the path, the cutting assembly may be configured to cut between 40% and 80% of the path, and the cutting assembly may be configured to cut between 50% and 75% of the path. 
     The present invention also provides a packaging system that includes the dunnage conversion machine, and an accumulator adapted to receive multiple discrete dunnage products connected to the strip. 
     The accumulator may include a linear chute. 
     The accumulator may include a bin that can hold multiple discrete dunnage products connected to the strip. 
     The present invention further provides a method of making a dunnage product, that includes the following steps: (a) converting a sheet stock material into a lower density strip of dunnage having a width and a height that is less than the width; and (b) cutting the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product of a desired length by cutting across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product. 
     The method may include moving a cutting blade across the width of the strip of dunnage. 
     The method may include the step of advancing the strip of dunnage in a longitudinal direction transverse the width of the strip of dunnage, and repeating the cutting step over time to form a series of longitudinally-spaced cuts that define a plurality of discrete dunnage products, each of a desired length, each connected to the strip of dunnage. 
     The cutting step may include cutting the strip of dunnage at longitudinally-spaced locations that are not equally spaced. 
     The method may include step of supplying a paper sheet stock material to a conversion assembly for the converting step. 
     The converting step may include randomly crumpling the sheet stock material. 
     The method may include the step of accumulating a plurality of discrete dunnage products connected to the strip of dunnage. 
     The method may include the step of separating a discrete dunnage product from the strip of dunnage. The separating step may be performed manually. 
     The present invention may further provide a dunnage conversion machine, that includes (a) means for converting a sheet stock material into a lower density strip of dunnage having a width; and (b) means for cutting the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product of a desired length by cutting across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and a discrete dunnage product. 
     The means for converting may include a conversion assembly that converts a sheet stock material into a lower-density strip of dunnage having a width. 
     The means for cutting may include a cutting assembly downstream of the conversion assembly to cut the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product of a desired length, and a controller that controls the operation of the cutting assembly. The controller may be configured to control the cutting assembly to cut across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product. 
     The foregoing and other features of the invention are hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description and the annexed drawings setting forth in detail one or more illustrative embodiments of the invention. These embodiments, however, are but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention can be employed. Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a packaging system in accordance with the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an exemplary packaging system. 
         FIG. 3  is an elevation view of the system of  FIG. 2 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to the drawings in detail, a packaging system  10  provided by the present invention provides incompletely-severed dunnage products that resist the shingling, alignment, and sequencing problems that can occur with separated dunnage products. In particular, the packaging system  10  includes a dunnage conversion machine  12  that converts a sheet stock material  14  into a lower-density strip of dunnage, and then partially cuts the strip of dunnage at desired lengths to create individual or discrete dunnage products, sometimes referred to as pads  16 , that remain attached to the strip until ready for use. The connected dunnage products are easier to deliver to a packer in the sequence in which the dunnage products  16  were produced. 
     More particularly, the packaging system  10  includes a stock supply assembly  15 , the dunnage conversion machine  12 , and an accumulator adapted to receive multiple dunnage products or pads  16  until ready for use by a packer. The dunnage conversion machine  12  draws the sheet stock material  14  from the stock supply assembly  15  in a downstream direction. The downstream direction is the general direction the stock material  14  moves through the conversion machine  12  and is generally indicated by the illustrated arrow  20 . A longitudinal dimension of the strip of dunnage is generally parallel to the downstream direction. The upstream direction is opposite the downstream direction. Thus, the dunnage conversion machine  12  is downstream of the stock supply assembly  15 , and the stock supply assembly  15  is upstream of the dunnage conversion machine  12 . 
     The stock supply assembly  15  includes a supply of sheet stock material  14 , generally provided in a compact configuration, such as a roll of stock material or a generally rectangular stack of fan-folded stock material. The sheet stock material  14  includes one or more plies of sheet material. An exemplary sheet stock material  14  is made of paper, such as kraft paper, for example thirty-pound basis weight kraft paper. Paper is biodegradeable, recyclable, and composed of a renewable resource, making it an environmentally-responsible choice. But the present invention is not limited to use with paper. One or more of the plies may be made of another type of sheet material, such as a plastic sheet, or different types of paper, such as printed paper, bleached paper, fifty-pound kraft paper, or other sheet material, or combinations thereof. Because paper is reusable, recyclable, and composed of a renewable resource, it is an environmentally responsible choice as a stock material for conversion into a dunnage product. 
     The dunnage conversion machine  12  typically includes a conversion assembly  22  that converts the sheet stock material  14  into the relatively lower density strip of dunnage (lower density than the sheet stock material  14  from which the strip of dunnage is formed), a cutting assembly  24  that cuts the strip of dunnage to form individual dunnage products  16  having a desired length, and a controller  26  that controls the operation of the cutting assembly  24 . The cutting assembly  24  is downstream of the conversion assembly  22 , and operates to define the length of the dunnage products  16  even though the cutting assembly  24  does not completely sever the dunnage products  16  from the strip of dunnage. The controller  26  also may control elements of the conversion assembly  22 . An exemplary conversion assembly  22  converts the sheet stock material  14  into a randomly crumpled strip of dunnage is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,722,519, which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety. 
     The strip of dunnage has a width and a height that is less than the width that generally correspond to the width and height, respectively, of an individual dunnage product  16 . The strip of dunnage and dunnage products  16  also have a length, generally parallel to the downstream direction  20 . The length of the strip of dunnage is limited only by the supply of sheet stock material  14 , and the length of each dunnage product  16  is determined by the cutting assembly  24 . 
     The controller  26  controls the cutting assembly  24  to only cut partially across the width of the strip of dunnage, either through configuration of the electronic control signals or through controlling the physical structure of the cutting assembly  24 . As a result of this partial cut, the dunnage products  16  remain connected to the strip of dunnage, either directly or through intermediate dunnage products. The cuts are substantially continuous, and may be made from one side of the strip of dunnage across the width of the strip toward an opposite side, leaving a portion of the opposite side intact; or the cutting assembly  24  may cut the strip of dunnage from opposite sides toward a central portion, leaving the central portion uncut; or the cutting assembly  24  may cut the strip of dunnage in the middle, leaving uncut portions on 
     In the illustrated system, the dunnage products  16  are dispensed from an outlet of the conversion machine  12  to an accumulator  28 . The accumulator  28  is adapted to receive multiple dunnage products or pads  16  until a packer is ready to use the pads  16  in packing one or more articles in a container for shipment. The illustrated accumulator  28  includes a chute  30  or other guide surface, such as a conveyor. The illustrated chute  30  is upwardly inclined, and at the end of the chute  30  the leading pads  16  fall by gravity into a bin  32  or other receptacle, which also may be provided as part of the accumulator  28 . The bin  32  has access openings  34  that facilitate retrieving pads  16  from the bin  32 . Multiple access openings  34  facilitate use by multiple packers at separate packing stations. 
     The connected nature of the pads  16  means that the weight of the unsupported pads  16  hanging off the end of the chute  30  applies tension through the string of pads  16  and helps to keep the pads  16  aligned in the chute  30 . The chute  30  and the bin  32  allow multiple pads  16  to accumulate until ready for use. The packer removes the pads  16  from the bin  30  and manually separates pads  16  from the connected strip as needed. 
     Put another way, the present invention provides a dunnage conversion machine  12  that includes both (a) means for converting a sheet stock material  14  into a lower density strip of dunnage having a width, and (b) means for cutting the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product  16  of a desired length by cutting across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product  16 . In the exemplary embodiment just described, an exemplary means for converting may include a conversion assembly  22  that converts the sheet stock material  14  into a lower-density strip of dunnage having a width. And an exemplary means for cutting may include both the cutting assembly  24  downstream of the conversion assembly  22  to cut the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product  16  of a desired length, and the controller  26  that controls the operation of the cutting assembly  24 . The controller  26  may be configured to control the cutting assembly  24  to cut across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product  16 . And cutting assembly  24  includes a cutting blade with a cutting edge. The cutting assembly  24  may be configured structurally such that the cutting edge may only move across a portion of the width of the strip. 
     The connection between the connected pads  16  keeps the pads  16  aligned with each other as the pads move along the upwardly-inclined delivery chute  30 . As the leading pads  16  fall into the bin  32 , the weight of the unsupported connected pads  16  helps to keep a degree of tension (and therefore control) on the string of pads. Packers break the link holding the pads  16  to the string as they remove the pads  16  from the bin  32 . 
     The dunnage conversion machine may further include elements that define a path for the strip of dunnage through the cutting assembly. And the cutting assembly may a cutting blade. The controller may control the cutting assembly to move the cutting blade into the path from a lateral side of the path. 
     The path may be configured to accommodate the width of the strip of dunnage extending between lateral sides of the path. The cutting assembly may be configured to cut between 25% and 95% of the path, the cutting assembly may be configured to cut between 40% and 80% of the path, and the cutting assembly may be configured to cut between 50% and 75% of the path. 
     The present invention further provides a method of making a dunnage product  16  that includes the following steps: (a) converting a sheet stock material  14  into a lower density strip of dunnage having a width and a height that is less than the width; and (b) cutting the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product  16  of a desired length by cutting across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product  16 . 
     The method may include moving a cutting blade across the width of the strip of dunnage. The method also may include the step of advancing the strip of dunnage in a longitudinal direction transverse the width of the strip of dunnage, and repeating the cutting step over time to form a series of longitudinally-spaced cuts that define a plurality of discrete dunnage products, each of a desired length, each connected to the strip of dunnage. 
     The cutting step may include cutting the strip of dunnage at longitudinally-spaced locations that are not equally spaced. 
     The method may include step of supplying a paper sheet stock material to a conversion assembly for the converting step. 
     The converting step may include randomly crumpling the sheet stock material. 
     The method may include the step of accumulating a plurality of discrete dunnage products connected to the strip of dunnage. 
     The method may include the step of separating a discrete dunnage product from the strip of dunnage. The separating step may be performed manually. 
     In summary, the present invention provides a method of making a dunnage product  16  that includes the following steps: (a) converting a sheet stock material  14  into a lower density strip of dunnage having a width and a height that is less than the width; and (b) cutting the strip of dunnage to form a discrete dunnage product  16  of a desired length by cutting across less than the width of the strip of dunnage to maintain a connection between the strip of dunnage and the discrete dunnage product  16 . The connection between respective dunnage products  16  in a string of connected dunnage products keeps the dunnage products  16  together, in the order in which they were produced, and helps to ensure that the dunnage products  16  do not shingle and can assist in feeding the dunnage products  16  to a packing station. 
     Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to certain embodiments, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention can have been disclosed with respect to only one of the several embodiments, such feature can be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.