Patent Publication Number: US-2009231089-A1

Title: Apparatus and method for remote monitoring and deactivation of an asset

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     There are a number of methods commercially available that are used for the remote monitoring and tracking of assets. WO99/43513, Ligoci and Goletas, published Sep. 2, 1999, discloses a vehicle disabling system; U.S. Pat. No. 6,042,678 to Muise &amp; Thomas, issued Jun. 6, 2000, discloses a vehicle disabling system for use by pursuing law enforcement officials; U.S. Pat. No. 531,851 to Wright, issued May 17, 1994, discloses a Methane Monitor and Engine Shutdown System. 
     SUMMARY 
     This application relates to methods and apparatus for controllably deactivating or partly deactivating an asset, and for remotely controllably deactivating an asset. 
     In a first embodiment, there is disclosed an apparatus for remotely and controllably deactivating or partly deactivating a first asset; the first asset may comprise an air dependent power source having an air supply and the apparatus comprising: a regulator associated with the first asset and comprising a valve having first and second positions wherein the first position allows a first rate of the air supply to the power source and the second position allows a second rate of the air supply to the power source and wherein the second rate may be less than the first rate; and a controller remote from the regulator for transmitting a control signal to the regulator; the valve being actuable in response to the control signal to move between the first and second positions thereby regulating the air supply to the power source. 
     In alternative embodiments, the controller may be comprised in a control center and the regulator may comprise a transmitter for transmitting asset status information to the control center. 
     In alternative embodiments, the transition from the first position to the second position may occur over a time period of greater than about 12 seconds. 
     In alternative embodiments, the second position of the valve may allow an air supply to the power source that is greater than about 3% of the air supply allowed in said first position. 
     In alternative embodiments, the second position may allow the power source to operate in an idle condition. 
     In alternative embodiments, the valve may have a plurality of alternate positions between the first and second positions and may be actuable to adopt successive positions to incrementally regulate the air supply. 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a second controller and the valve may be actuable in response to a signal from the second controller to move into a selected position to at least partly limit the air supply to the power source. 
     In alternative embodiments, the first controller may also transmit a permission signal to the regulator and the movement of the valve into one of the positions may be reversible in response to the permission signal from the first controller. 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise a plurality of assets and wherein the individual ones of the assets may be independently, remotely, and controllably deactivateable or partly deactivateable. 
     In alternative embodiments, the valve may have an associated valve position sensor and the status information may include information regarding the valve positions. 
     In alternative embodiments, the regulator may comprise a hydrocarbon detector and may be adapted to deactivate the power source when information from a sniffer satisfies predetermined parameters. 
     In alternative embodiments, the asset status information may comprise asset positional information. 
     In alternative embodiments, the asset may be a motor vehicle. 
     In alternative embodiments, the asset may be a commercial vehicle, and the regulator may comprise a substantially tamper proof housing. 
     In alternative embodiments, the asset status information may be selected from the group consisting of: the make and model of the asset; the owner of the asset; the place of registration of the asset; insurance information about the asset; and the attachment of any trailer to the asset. 
     In alternative embodiments, at least one of the control signal and the permission signal may be encrypted. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed a method for remotely and controllably deactivating or partly deactivating a first asset; the first asset comprising an air dependent power source having an air supply and the method comprising providing a regulator associated with the first asset and comprising a valve having first and second positions wherein the first position allows a first rate of the air supply to the power source and the second position allows a second rate of the air supply to the power source and wherein the second rate may be less than the first rate, and providing a controller remote from the regulator for transmitting a control signal to the regulator; the valve being actuable in response to the control signal to move between the first and second positions thereby regulating the air supply to the power source. 
     In alternative embodiments, the method may comprise providing a second controller and the valve may have a plurality of positions between the first and second positions and may be actuable in response to a signal from the second controller to move into a selected one of the positions to at least partly limit the air supply to the power source. 
     In alternative embodiments, the partial limiting of the air supply may be substantially complete. 
     In alternative embodiments, the regulator may comprise a hydrocarbon detector and may be adapted to deactivate the power source when information from the hydrocarbon detector satisfies predetermined parameters. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an apparatus for controllably deactivating, or partly deactivating, a first asset in response to a control signal from a remote controller, the first asset comprising an air dependent power source having an air supply and the apparatus comprising: a regulator associated with the first asset and comprising a valve having first and second positions wherein the first position allows a first rate of the air supply to the power source and the second position allows a second rate of the air supply to the power source and wherein the second rate may be less than the first rate; and the valve may be actuable by the regulator in response to a control signal from the controller to move between the first and second positions so that the apparatus may be useable to deactivate or partly deactivate the asset in response to the control signal. 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a transmitter for transmitting asset status information to the control center. 
     In alternative embodiments, the valve may have a plurality of alternative positions between the first and second positions and may be actuable in response to a signal from the controller to adopt successive ones of the positions to incrementally regulate the air supply over a predetermined period of time. 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a second controller and the valve may be actuable in response to a signal from the second controller to move into a selected position to at least partly limit the air supply to the power source. 
     In alternative embodiments, the regulator may comprise a hydrocarbon detector and may be adapted to deactivate the power source when information from the hydrocarbon detector satisfies predetermined parameters. 
     In alternative embodiments, the asset may be a motor vehicle. 
     In alternative embodiments, the asset may be a commercial vehicle, and the regulator may comprise a substantially tamper proof housing. 
     In an alternative embodiment there is disclosed an air intake shut-off valve for an engine having an air intake, the shut-off valve comprising: (a) a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; (b) a flow control valve disposed in the airflow passage, the flow control valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that prevents airflow through the passage; (c) actuation means for moving the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position, and for moving the flow control valve between its second closed position and its first open position; (d) switch means for activating and deactivating the actuation means; and (e) means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby the flow control valve moves between its first open position and its second closed position in a pre-determined period of time. 
     In an alternative embodiment there is disclosed an air intake shut-off valve for an engine having an air intake, the shut-off valve may comprise: a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; a flow control valve disposed in the airflow passage, the flow control valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that prevents airflow through the passage; actuation means for moving the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position, and for moving the flow control valve between its second closed position and its first open position; switch means for activating and deactivating the actuation means; and means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; and the actuation means may be adapted to move the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position in a period of time that is greater than 1 second, but that is less than 6 seconds. 
     In alternative embodiments, the flow control valve may be a butterfly valve. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means may comprise an actuator having a drive means for controlling the movement of the flow control valve between the first open position and the second closed position and between the second closed position and the first open position. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuator may comprise: (a) a pinion gear connected to the flow control valve; (b) a worm gear driving the pinion gear; and (c) an electric motor driving the worm gear. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means is adapted to move the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position in a period of time that is greater than 1 second, but that is less than 6 seconds. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means is adapted to move the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position in a period of time of about 2 seconds to about 3 seconds. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means is adapted to move the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position in a period of time of about 4 seconds to about 5 seconds. 
     In alternative embodiments, the switch means may be responsive to an operating condition of the engine or an ancillary component of the engine. 
     In alternative embodiments, the engine operating condition may include any one of temperature, pressure, or RPM. 
     In alternative embodiments, the switch means may be responsive to a manually transmitted signal or to a remotely transmitted signal. 
     In alternative embodiments, the switch means may comprise an electronic controller module. 
     In alternative embodiments, the electronic controller module controls the speed of the electric motor. 
     In alternative embodiments, the electronic controller module may be pre-programmed to activate the actuation means upon the occurrence of a specific operating condition of the engine. 
     In alternative embodiments, the electronic controller module may be pre-programmed to activate the actuation means upon the occurrence of a specific operating condition of an ancillary component of the engine, and in alternative embodiments, the specific engine operating condition includes any one of a specific temperature level, a specific pressure level, or a specific RPM level. 
     In alternative embodiments, the shut off valve may comprise a valve sensor to sense whether the flow control valve is open or shut, and wherein the electronic controller module is operatingly connected to the valve sensor. 
     In alternative embodiments, the valve sensor may comprise a micro-switch engaging the flow control valve mechanism, the micro-switch being electronically connected to the electronic controller module. 
     In alternative embodiments, the shut-off valve may comprise display means connected to the electronic controller module, the display having indicators for indicating whether the flow control valve is open or shut. 
     In alternative embodiments, the shut-off valve may comprise display means connected to the electronic controller module, the display having indicators. 
     In alternative embodiments, the housing may comprise a drive housing that is releasably attached to a tubular channel housing, the channel housing defining the airflow passage. 
     In alternative embodiments, the housing may comprise a motor and gear housing sandwiched between a top cover and a base cover. 
     In alternative embodiments, the means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine may comprise at least one sleeve extending outwards from the airflow passage. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an air intake shut-off valve for an engine having an air intake, the shut-off valve comprising: (a) a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; (b) a butterfly valve disposed in the airflow passage, the butterfly valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that prevents airflow through the passage, the butterfly valve having a central shaft; (c) a pinion gear connected to the shaft of the butterfly valve; (d) a worm gear driving the pinion gear; (e) an electric motor connected to the worm gear; (f) a controller module for activating and deactivating the electric motor and for controlling the speed of the motor; and (g) means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby rotation of the worm gear causes rotation of the shaft of the butterfly valve such that the butterfly valve can be moved between its first open position and its second closed position and between its second closed position and its first open position in a pre-determined period of time. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an airflow-regulating apparatus for an engine having an air intake, the apparatus comprising; a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; a valve disposed in the airflow passage, the valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that restricts airflow through the passage, an actuator for adjusting the valve position according to a predetermined sequence of valve positions; and means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby the valve can be moved between its first open position and its second flow restricting position in a pre-determined period of time. 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may be adapted to be remotely activated, said pre-determined period of time may be greater than about 12 seconds and said restricting may substantially prevent said airflow. 
     In some embodiments, slower deactivation or partial deactivation of an asset may reduce engine damage and may reduce risks to the asset and its occupants that may be associated with sudden uncontrolled deactivation of the engine and immobilisation or loss of control of the asset. 
     Features and advantages of the subject matter disclosed will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of some embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying figures. As will be realized, the various embodiments are capable of modifications in various respects and may be combined in a variety of alternative ways, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and the description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a representation of a system of a first embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is an installation according to a first embodiment 
         FIG. 3  shows screen display of an embodiment 
         FIG. 4  is a bottom view of an installed valve and a valve controller according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional end view of an installed valve and a valve controller according to  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a top view of a valve controller according to  FIG. 4  with any lid removed. 
         FIG. 7  is a side cross-sectional view of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  show a valve controller in two alternative positions. 
         FIG. 9A  is a cross-sectional view of a valve in a closed position. 
         FIG. 9B  is a cross-sectional view of a valve in a partly open position. 
         FIG. 9C  is a cross-sectional view of a valve in an open position. 
         FIG. 10  is a system diagram according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a representation of a system according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     In this disclosure, “air” means atmospheric air or any oxygen containing gas or liquid which may be reactible with a fuel. In embodiments, air may be or may comprise atmospheric air or oxygen or may be a mixture of gases comprising air or oxygen and may be compressed or may be at atmospheric pressure or may be provided under any conditions of temperature or pressure. 
     In this disclosure, “air dependent” means with respect to a power source that the power source requires a supply of air (as defined herein) for reaction with a fuel. 
     In this disclosure, “air supply” means the supply of air to a power source and includes any form of provision for access of a power source to a supply of air, as defined herein. As the context requires, it may comprise the air or other gas or liquid supplied to the power source or may indicate the apparatus whose function includes guiding such air to the power source for use thereby. An air supply may be directly drawn from atmospheric air or may comprise stock gas or liquid associated with an asset. By way of example and not limitation, it may include bottled and/or compressed oxygen or mixtures comprising oxygen. For greater certainty, the specification that a power source has an air supply, means that the power source comprises or has associated therewith apparatus for channelling air to the power source, or has access to a source of air and does not mean or imply that the power source is fed with air at all times. An air supply may comprise an airflow passage or air hose or any equivalent structure suitable for guiding the movement of air, many alternatives being readily apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     In this disclosure, “asset” means any possession or article having a power source. In alternative embodiments, and with suitable adjustments, it may include without limitation, any type of vehicle including boats, ships, watergoing vessels, cars, trucks, trains, commercial, private and domestic vehicles, and hovercrafts. In alternative embodiments, assets may or may not be mobile and may include diesel systems, generators, drilling apparatuses, bulldozers, graders, haulers, rollers, cranes, backhoes, and other types of equipment which may be for use in the construction industry or in the hydrocarbon industry. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that some embodiments may be unsuitable for use in some types of assets or in some circumstances. Those skilled in the art will be easily able to determine how and when to implement particular embodiments. In some embodiments an asset may include a trailer or other attachment. 
     In this disclosure, “asset status information” means any information regarding the status of an asset or its environment and may include information on power source status, position, speed, velocity, time, fuel reserves, engine activity, rpm, temperature, wind, or other physical or environmental parameters. It may also include historical data on any such parameters and may include information regarding other matters such as ownership, insurance, registration, licensing, maintenance history, upcoming maintenance requirements, fault conditions, and model of the asset. In embodiments, asset status information may also comprise information on any trailer or other attachment to the asset including whether such trailer of other attachment is in place or is disconnected. 
     In this disclosure, “deactivate” has its ordinary meaning and in certain embodiments may include partial and complete deactivation, partial and complete disabling, partial and complete shutting down, partial and complete immobilising, partial and complete down regulation, partial and complete shut-down, partial and complete slow-down, or partial and complete shut-off. By way of example and not of limitation, where the power source is an engine, deactivation may comprise reducing or eliminating the rpm (revolutions per minute) or power output of the engine and may be gradual or rapid or immediate and may be reversible. The choice of the most desirable levels of deactivation in given circumstances will be easily made by those skilled in the art. Deactivating may comprise ending or substantially ending or limiting or partly limiting the power output from the power supply and where the asset is mobile then deactivation may include immobilising the asset. 
     In alternative deactivation or partial deactivation of an asset or power source, and closure or partial closure of a valve may occur over periods of between about 0 and about 1 seconds, between about 1 and about 2 seconds, between about 2 and about 3 seconds, between about 3 and about 4 seconds, between about 4 and about 6 seconds, between about 6 and about 8 seconds, between about 8 and about 10 seconds, between about 10 and about 20 seconds, between about 12 and about 20 seconds, between about 20 and about 40 seconds, between about 40 and about 60 seconds, between about 1 and about 2 minutes, between about 1 and about 5 minutes, between about 5 and about 10 minutes, between about 10 and about 20 minutes or greater than about 1 minute or greater than about 2 minutes or greater than about 5 minutes or greater than about 10 minutes or greater than about 10 seconds or greater than about 12 seconds or greater than about 15 seconds or greater than about 20 seconds or greater than about 25 seconds or greater than about 30 seconds or greater than about 40 seconds or greater than about 50 seconds. In embodiments, time periods of about 1 to about 6 seconds may be selected or time periods of longer than about 12 or 20 seconds may be selected and in embodiments the deactivation may be only partial. 
     In alternative embodiments, the deactivation or partial deactivation of an asset or partial closure of a valve may comprise a reduction in airflow, reduction in power output, or reduction in cross-section or diameter the air conducting channel of an air supply, of between about 5% and about 10%, between about 5% and about 10%, between about 10% and about 20%, between about 20% and about 30%, between about 30% and about 40%, between about 40% and about 50%, between about 50% and about 60%, between about 60% and about 70%, between about 70% and about 80%, between about 80% and about 90%, between about 90% and about 95%, or more than about 90%, more than about 91%, more than about 92%, more than about 93%, more than about 94%, more than about 95%, more than about 96%, more than about 97%, more than about 98%, or more than about 99%. In some embodiments a deactivated asset may still be able to operate in an idle condition. An idling, deactivated or partially deactivated or airflow restricted engine may still operate or have an airflow of greater than 1%, greater than 2%, greater than 3%, greater than 4%, greater than 5%, greater than 6%, greater than 7%, greater than 8%, greater than 9%, greater than 10%, greater than 11%, greater than 12%, greater than 13%, greater than 14%, greater than 15%, greater than 16%, greater than 17%, greater than 18%, greater than 19%, greater than 20%, greater than 25%, or greater than 30% of the unrestricted condition. 
     In this disclosure, “fuel” has its ordinary meaning and without limiting the foregoing, fuels may be or may comprise liquid, solid, or gaseous fuels, hydrocarbons, diesel, petroleum, kerosene, paraffin, natural gas, coal gas, propane, butane, methane, alcohols, hydrogen, and any artificially, naturally, or biologically derived fuels. 
     In this disclosure, “idle,” “idle condition,” or like terms have their ordinary meanings and may include situations where an engine continues to operate at a reduced power output or with reduced output rpm. In alternative embodiments, an idling engine may operate at less than about 3000 rpm, less than about 2500 rpm, less than about 2000 rpm, less than about 1500 rpm, less than about 1000 rpm, or less than about 500 rpm. 
     In this disclosure, “including” has its ordinary meaning but for greater certainty includes comprising, not limited to, not excluding other possible ingredients, components, or possibilities. The statement that a state of affairs includes a specified component means that the specified state of affairs optionally may, but need not necessarily, include other unspecified components. 
     In this disclosure, “or” is to be understood inclusively and not exclusively unless clearly inconsistent with the context. For further certainty a phrase listing the possibility of a first “or” second state of affairs is to be understood to include, contemplate, and allow either state of affairs existing alone and also to contemplate, include and allow the simultaneous existence of both states of affairs. 
     In this disclosure, an “overspeed” condition means a condition where the speed or rpm of an engine or other power source exceeds its allowable recommended upper limit (which may also be referred to as the “Red Line” on the tachometer). Without limiting the foregoing, “overspeed” may include any situation where the speed of functioning or output of the power source reaches a point that causes or may cause physical damage to the power source or may cause the power source to self destruct or explode. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that while commercial vehicles may have a governor or equivalent installed to prevent overspeed by limiting the fuel supplied to the fuel injectors, in a hydrocarbon rich environment, a governor may not prevent an overspeed condition because for instance in some situations a useable fuel may enter the system via the air supply. 
     In this disclosure, “position”, where used in reference to a valve, means and includes its state, condition, configuration, disposition, or status and by way of illustration and not limitation, a closed or partly closed position may indicate a configuration wherein a valve substantially prevents or limits the flow of air therethrough, and an open position may indicate a configuration wherein a valve does not limit or only partially limits the flow of air therethrough. By way of example, in alternative embodiments, the possible positions of the valve may correspond to a restriction, reduction in airflow, reduction in power output, or reduction in cross-section or diameter of the air conducting channel of an air supply, of between about 5% and about 10%, between about 5% and about 10%, between about 10% and about 20%, between about 20% and about 30%, between about 30% and about 40%, between about 40% and about 50%, between about 50% and about 60%, between about 60% and about 70%, between about 70% and about 80%, between about 80% and about 90%, between about 90% and about 95%, or more than about 95% or more than about 90%, more than about 91%, more than about 92%, more than about 93%, more than about 94%, more than about 95%, more than about 96%, more than about 97%, more than about 98%, or more than about 99% compared to the unrestricted airflow or operation. 
     In this disclosure, “power source” means any device for generating power by the combustion of a fuel. In alternative embodiments, a power source may be or may comprise a combustion engine which may be an internal combustion engine, diesel engine, petrol engine, or gas engine. In certain embodiments, a power source may include hybrid power sources, for example power sources that may be combinations of or alternate power sources or fuels, such as a combination of electricity and fuels. 
     In this disclosure, “remote” or “remotely” has its normal meaning and includes such spatial relationships as apart, distant, separated, operating or controlled from a distance. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, with respect to an asset and communication with the asset, “remote” indicates that the asset is or may be separated from the controller and that communication with the asset must occur at a distance, or may occur with no hard connection between the controller and the asset, and may occur wirelessly through a cellular network, a satellite network, a Bluetooth network, or any other suitable means of remote communication, all of which will be readily identified and implemented by those skilled in the art. 
     In this disclosure, “shut-off”, “shut-down”, “deactivate”, “slow-down”, “immobilise”, “disable”, “inactive” and like terms may include or refer to both complete and partial states of all degrees and do not require that an asset, engine, power source, airflow, air supply, or the like be completely inactive, closed, or inoperative. 
     In this disclosure, “trailer” has its ordinary meaning but for greater certainty includes any type of van, wagon, or carrying or enclosing device drawn pulled, pushed, carried, borne, or otherwise moved by an asset. In particular embodiments, a trailer may be a device used for hauling freight by road or rail or may be used as a mobile home or place of business or control center or for any other purpose. In certain embodiments, a trailer may be comprised in or associated with an asset. 
     In this disclosure, “transmit” and “transmitting” means to transmit, send, forward, convey, or dispatch any form of communication signal and in certain embodiments, it may include transmission by wire, or wirelessly, including through a cellular, satellite, or Bluetooth network. 
     In this disclosure, “valve” means and includes any device for halting or controlling or regulating the flow of a liquid, gas, or other material through a passage, pipe, tube, inlet, outlet, or conduit of any kind. In particular embodiments, a valve may include any form of cock, faucet, flap, gate, hydrant, lid, pipe, plug, shutoff, spigot, stopper, tap, or other flow regulating device or structure and may include butterfly valves, gate valves, and any other valve types. In an embodiment, the valve may be an air intake shut-off valve for an engine having an air intake, or a flow control valve. A shut-off valve may comprise: (a) a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; (b) a flow control valve disposed in the airflow passage, the flow control valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that prevents airflow through the passage; (c) actuation means for moving the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position, and for moving the flow control valve between its second closed position and its first open position; (d) switch means for activating and deactivating the actuation means; and (e) means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby the flow control valve moves between its first open position and its second closed position in a pre-determined period of time. 
     In this disclosure, “valve controller” means an assembly for controlling a valve, and may be or may comprise or be associated with a valve, and in certain embodiments may contain a microprocessor or a motor or equivalent device or function for adjusting or controlling a valve or part thereof. 
     A first embodiment of the system, apparatus, and method claimed is generally designated  1  and is described with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 11 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 10 , the embodiment comprises apparatus for remotely and controllably deactivating or partly deactivating a first asset  4 , which may be a domestic or commercial vehicle and may be a truck and may comprise or be associated with a trailer  180 . The first asset  4  may comprise an air dependent power source  6  having an air supply. The apparatus may comprise a regulator  8  associated with a first asset  4  and comprising a valve  10  having first and second positions. The first position may allow a first rate of air supply to the power source  6  and the second position may allow a second rate of air supply to the power source  6 . In embodiments, the second rate may be less than the first rate. The apparatus may also comprise a controller  12  remote from the regulator  8 , for transmitting a control signal  14  to the regulator  8 . In embodiments, the valve  10  may be actuable in response to a control signal  14  to move between first and second positions thereby regulating the air supply to the power source  6 . In alternative embodiments, the controller  12  may be comprised in or may comprise a control center  16 , and the regulator  8  may comprise a transmitter or receiver or transmitter receiver, all of which is generally designated  20 . In embodiments, the transmitter  20  may transmit asset status information  15  to the control center  16  or to controller  12  which may be comprised in or associated with control center  16 . In embodiments, the control center  16  may be or may comprise or may be associated with a fleet operations center and may be mobile or may operate through a distributed or other network and may operate through the Internet. The regulator  8  and particularly valve controller  34  may comprise a substantially tamper proof housing  160  (see  FIG. 2 ) to protect one or more parts thereof. 
     In embodiments, valve  10  may have a plurality of alternate positions between the first and second positions and may be actuable to adopt successive positions at a rate determined by a user, to incrementally regulate the air supply to power source  6  over a desired period of time, and to permit such air supply only at a predetermined desired rate. In alternative embodiments, the movement of a valve between the first and second positions may occur over periods of between about 0 and about 1 seconds, between about 1 and about 2 seconds, between about 2 and about 3 seconds, between about 3 and about 4 seconds, between about 4 and about 6 seconds, between about 6 and about 8 seconds, between about 8 and about 10 seconds, between about 10 and about 20 seconds, between about 20 and about 40 seconds, between about 40 and about 60 seconds, between about 1 and about 2 minutes, between about 1 and about 5 minutes, between about 5 and about 10 minutes, between about 10 and about 20 minutes or greater than about 1 minute or greater than about 10 minutes. In embodiments, time periods of about 1 to about 6 seconds may be selected or time periods of longer than about 10 seconds may be selected or the deactivation may be only partial. It will be appreciated that the speed of transition between selected ones of any intermediate positions may be a linear transition or may be non-linear. 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a second controller  22 , which may be or may comprise an emergency stop switch  24  and the valve  10  may be actuable in response to a signal from the second controller  22  to move into a selected position to at least partly limit the air supply to the power source  6 . In embodiments, the second controller  22  may actuate a substantially complete shutdown of the air supply to power source  6  by causing the adoption of a suitable valve position. In certain embodiments, the first controller  12  may also be suitable to transmit a permission signal to the regulator  8  and the movement of valve  10  into one of the positions may be reversible in response to, or following receipt by regulator  8  of, a permission signal from the first controller  12 . In certain embodiments, the first asset  4  may be configured so that following a shutdown by the second controller  22 , it cannot be reactivated until reset by a suitable permission signal. It will be understood that such permission signal may be comprised within the term “control signal” as used herein. In embodiments, the system, method, and apparatus may comprise a plurality of assets and individual assets may be independently, remotely, and controllably deactivateable or partly deactivateable. In embodiments, the valve  10  may have an associated or integral valve position sensor  28  and the status information  15  may include information regarding the position of valve  10 . 
     In greater detail and in particular embodiments, the regulator  8  may comprise a valve controller  34  closely associated with the power source  6  or the air supply thereto and a monitor  36  which may be, or may comprise, an in cab controller, and may be connected to regulator  8  by a cable  40  which may pass through a firewall. In embodiments, cable  40  may be replaced by wireless communication in ways that will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. In embodiments, monitor  36  or a part thereof, may be positioned in the cab of the first asset  4 . 
     Monitor  36  may comprise a first microprocessor  42 , connected to a cellular modem  44  by connection  43  and may comprise a cellular, satellite, or other transceiver  20  and may comprise a GPS receiver  46 . In embodiments, GPS positioning may be used to track mobile assets and in embodiments a suitable GPS transceiver unit may be an A1080-A Full NMEA™ GPS Unit from Tyco™ Electronics or Falcom/RMT™ or an Enfora™ modem but a range of suitable alternatives will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. In an embodiment, the GPS receiver  46  may be integral to the modem  44 . In an embodiment, a cell phone transmitter/receiver with its antenna  20  may be integral to the modem  44 . First microprocessor  42  may also have an earth  50  to the chassis of the first asset  4 , and may have a source of power  52  which may be a 12V DC power supply. The monitor  36  may also be directly connected to a dashboard status indicator  56 , which may be an LED, by a cable  58  and may be connected to and actuable by second controller  22  which may be or may comprise an emergency stop switch  24 , through an emergency stop cable  60 . In embodiments, an RPM sensor  32  may also feed information to monitor  36  through a connection  37 . In embodiments, a further connection  39  may be provided to a CAN Bus monitoring device  41  which may serve to integrate response to a variety of danger signals or information inputs from the power source  6  or other sources. In embodiments, the CAN Bus device may be a J1939\J1587. It will be understood that in an embodiment power may also or alternatively be fed to valve controller  34  from power source  52  through regulator/monitor connection  40 . 
     The regulator  8  may comprise a valve controller  34 , which may comprise a second microprocessor  60  and a valve motor  62 , which may be a brushless DC motor and may be controlled by a second microprocessor  60  through connections  66  and/or  68 . The valve controller  34  may also contain a backup power supply  70  which may be or may comprise a battery, and in embodiments, may comprise a combination of 9V DC batteries. In embodiments, a backup power supply  70  may generate a 12V or other DC power supply and may be connected to second microprocessor  60  through connections  72  and/or  74 . Second microprocessor  60  may be mounted on, or valve controller  34  may otherwise comprise, a valve controller circuit board  61  (see  FIG. 6 ). The second microprocessor  60  may also receive inputs from a temperature sensor which may be integral to the valve  10 , and from a valve position sensor  28  through connection  82 . It will be understood that while shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 10 , in embodiments the temperature sensor  10  may be integral to the second microprocessor  60  and that the valve position sensor  28  may be comprised in the worm gear assembly and operate through sensors provided in the controller and in embodiments on the microprocessor  60 . In embodiments, the monitor  36  through controller  34  and microprocessors  42  and  60  may also receive information from a hydrocarbon sensor or sniffer  30  through connection  92 . Valve controller  34  may comprise or be contained in a tamper-proof housing  160  (see  FIG. 2 ). In particular embodiments, the microprocessors of the invention may be off the shelf units from FreescaleSemiconductor™ in which case microprocessor  42  of the monitor may be part number MC9S08AW60 and valve controller microprocessor  60  may be part number MC9S08AW60. It will be understood that in embodiments some or all of the connections between microprocessors and sensors and microprocessors or sensors themselves, may be embedded in other devices or connections. By way of example and not of limitation, the connections between the valve controller microprocessor  60  and any hydrocarbon detector, temperature monitor, valve position monitor, airflow monitor, or the like may be embedded in the microprocessor  60  and/or the other connections between the valve controller  34  or microprocessor  60  and the valve  10  or valve motor  62 . Sensor connections and other connections to monitor  36  or parts thereof may similarly be embedded in other existing connections or structures. 
     Valve controller  34  may comprise or may be associated with a valve assembly  100 , comprising valve  10  and drive shaft  102  (see  FIG. 5 ) driven by valve motor  62 . Valve  10  may be positioned to control the air supply to the power source  6  through the lumen  111  of pipe or other conduit  109 . In the illustrated but non-limiting embodiment of  FIG. 10  the air supply flows through an air intake  110 , through pipe  109 , to intake manifold  108  and thence is used by power source  6 . With particular reference to  FIG. 2  the apparatus may comprise an air intake  110  and may comprise an air filter, and may also comprise a turbocharger  112 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , in response to signals from first microprocessor  60  valve motor  62  may rotate drive shaft  102 , rotating worm  120  to move worm gear  122 , and thus rotating shaft  124  of valve  10  to thereby rotate valve flap  126 , with peripheral gasket  127 , to adopt a desired configuration.  FIGS. 8A and 8B  show the movement of worm gear  122  to position valve flap  126  in different positions by rotating shaft  124 .  FIGS. 9A ,  9 B, and  9 C illustrate three possible positions for valve flap  126  in cross section. When valve  10  is in a first position  130  which may be completely open, flap  126  may minimally obstruct air supply through pipe  109  as shown in  FIG. 9C . In a second or closed position  132  shown in  FIG. 9A  the flap  126  may completely block flow of air through pipe  109 . In a further position  134  the flap  126  partly limits airflow through pipe  109 . In alternative embodiments, the valve may also be a gate valve and may be driven by a rack and pinion system in ways that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     In embodiments, components for use in the apparatus may be selected to be able to operate over a temperature range of from about −40° C. up to about +160° C. In alternative embodiments, tolerance of temperature ranges extending below about −40° C. or above about +150° C. or between about −40° C. to −20° C., −20° C. to 0° C., 0° C. to 20° C., 20° C. to 40° C., 40° C. to 60° C., 60° C. to 80° C., 80° C. to 100° C., 120° C. to 14° C., or 14° C. to 160° C. may be selected. 
     As will be seen from  FIGS. 1 and 11  in broad aspect, control signals  14 , which may include permission signals, may be transmitted from the controller  12  of control center  16  to the asset  4  and information signals  15  may be transmitted from asset  4  to controller  12  of control center  16 . Such transmission may occur through the medium of a conventional cellular network  93  as shown in  FIG. 1 , or through a satellite system  91  as shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 11 , or through any other suitable remote communications system, many of which will be readily apparent to and understood by those skilled in the art. A control signal  14  may be received by monitor  36 , which passes suitable instructions to valve controller  34  which actuates the valve  10 . At the asset  4 , the regulator  8  comprising monitor  36  and valve controller  34  may gather information from the various sensors provided for this purpose and may transmit the information to controller  12 . In embodiments, some or all of the signals between the regulator  8  and the controller  12  and/or control center  16  may be encrypted in ways that will be readily understood and applied by those skilled in the art. 
     A screen display in a form that may be used in an embodiment is described with reference to  FIG. 3 . The display is generally designated  200  and in this case is presented through a conventional web browser. A portal display may comprise an asset window  210 , a mapping or location window  212  and a control window  214 . It will be seen that mapping window  212  contains suitable toolbars  220 , including option buttons  222  to select a specific function for monitoring, a map  224  to display the specific location of the selected asset, and a status timer  226 . Conventional options to zoom in, present different views and the like may be provided in buttons  228 . Asset window  210  may list individual asset identities  230 , and may categorise these by their motion or other status into groupings  232 . Historical data groupings  234  may also be displayed. Control window  214  may comprise actuating buttons  236  to allow a user to actuate particular controls such as engine shutdown and reset, idle restriction and the like. Other actuating buttons  238  may allow the selection of alternate panels of actuating buttons. Those skilled in the art will recognise that a variety of user interfaces and data displays are possible and will readily choose between and implement appropriate types. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 10 , in the event of an unauthorized use of the asset  4  or any other suitable trigger event which may be determined by the user, the controller  12  may trigger deactivation of the power source  6  and hence of the asset  4 . In this case, the controller  12  transmits a suitable control signal to the regulator  8  (which may comprise monitor  36  and valve controller  34 ) which actuates the desired change in state of the valve  10  to cause the valve  10  to adopt a desired position or sequence of positions. Data regarding the progress of the deactivation process may then be transmitted back to the controller  12 . Confirmation of deactivation may also be confirmed via the monitoring functions of the monitor  36  by determining position, speed time or other asset status information. Where a backup power source  70  is provided or in other embodiments, then if the primary power supply (which may be provided by power source  6 ) to the regulator  8  is interrupted then the apparatus may be configured to automatically reduce the air supply through the air conduit to deactivate the power source  6 . Similarly the regulator  8  may be configured so that automatic deactivation or partial deactivation is automatically initiated by any tampering with the regulator  8  or asset  4 . This may be implemented in a range of ways that will all be readily apparent to and implemented by those skilled in the art and includes, but is not limited to, the use of anti-tamper loops in the various cables and connections used. Other tamper-proof mechanisms such as enclosing part or all of the regulator  8  and/or the valve  10  and its associated components in a tamper-proof housing  160  (see  FIG. 2 ), may be employed to detect sabotage or unauthorized handling as well as techniques to prevent tampering by unauthorized personnel. In one embodiment, the valve controller  34  may comprise or be contained in a tamper-proof housing  160 . In an embodiment, the tamper proof housing  160  may be or may comprise a cast metal enclosure that has its removable cover fastened with tamper-resistant security fasteners and “Locktite”™ thread compound applied so that the fastener heads break off preventing unauthorized entry into the unit or part of the unit. Any backup power source  70  may also be located inside the anti-tamper housing. It will be apparent that in an embodiment the valve  10  may be secured to tamper-proof housing  160  by bolts  170  (see  FIG. 5 ), screws or other suitable means or in other embodiments may be enclosed or partly enclosed within the tamper-proof housing  160 . In embodiments, the valve  10  may be secured in the air pipe by conventional means such as the use of suitable tube clamps  174  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 10 , an emergency stop controller  22  may be used by an operator or user, such as a driver, of the asset to substantially completely or partially stop the airflow to the power source  6  to thereby deactivate the asset  4  in response to accidents, emergency situations, threatened hijacking, or other situations. In embodiments, once the asset has been deactivated by an emergency shutdown it may not be reactivated until a suitable permission signal from the controller  12  has been received to reset the regulator  8 . 
     In certain embodiments, the valve  10  may have a plurality of second states which may differ incrementally in the rate of airflow they allow to the power source  6 , and in response to signals from the controller  12  or pursuant to internal programming, the regulator  8  may carry out deactivation to a desired extent by causing the valve  10  to adopt a predetermined position or to sequentially adopt ones of such positions so that the power source  6  may be deactivated over a desired period of time or may be only partially deactivated to a desired extent, and may permit partial power output. 
     In certain embodiments, the apparatus may be configured so that the valve  10  does not and cannot close to a 100% shutoff position when controlled by the controller  12 . In these embodiments, the valve  10  may only be able to close to the point where the engine reaches its idle speed RPM so that the asset  4  cannot be brought to a complete stop. The asset  4  may then still be able to move or function under its own power allowing law enforcement agencies or others to respond to the condition that caused the controller  12  to initiate the deactivation or partial deactivation. In embodiments, a manual shutdown option using a second controller  22  may also be provided to provide a 100% closure option to prevent hijacking or hydrocarbon ingestion. 
     In certain embodiments, communication between different portions of the apparatus may be hardwired, cellular, radio, Bluetooth, or other, depending on the specific portion of the apparatus in question and the requirements of a user. In alternative embodiments, the monitor may be comprised within the regulator. 
     In certain embodiments, the monitor  36  may continuously monitor asset status data or may do so intermittently or may do so only in response to interrogation by a control signal  14  from the controller  12 . Similarly, the monitor  36  may be able to record and store asset status information. In certain embodiments, the monitor  36  may send a signal to the controller  12  only when specified parameters are met. In an illustrative example which is not limiting, the regulator  8  may transmit an alarm to the controller  12  when the power source  6  exceeds a predetermined level of revolutions per minute (rpm), when the temperature exceeds a predetermined value, or when hydrocarbons are detected in the air supply by hydrocarbon detector  30  which may optionally be incorporated into the apparatus. In certain embodiments, a user may cause the controller  12  to interrogate the regulator  8  for asset status data at a chosen time or the controller  12  may initiate such interrogations automatically, at determined times or on determined events. In certain embodiments, the controller  12  and/or control center  16  may display its received data or may receive instructions from, a user in any conventional manner. In embodiments, the control center  16  may be accessible or may operate in a web based manner so that a user may log into a web interface to monitor and/or control the asset or assets. 
     In some embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a self-test procedure which may operate at both low and high temperatures and the unit may record the results of the self tests. In certain embodiments, the apparatus may comprise warning devices (which may include lights, sirens, or other devices) to alert an operator of the asset  4  or a user when the regulator  8  implements changes to the asset  4 . In some embodiments, the regulator  8  may incorporate an alarm to notify a user and/or deactivate the asset  4  if any power supply to the regulator  8  is interrupted or may automatically shut down the asset  4  if the power supply to the regulator  8  is interrupted or if the temperature moves outside of a predetermined acceptable range. In certain embodiments, the regulator  8  may be self calibrating. Where a self-calibrating function is incorporated, the apparatus may use a set up sequence to determine the configuration of the valve  10  that accompanies a predetermined desired level of activation of the power source  6  and this information may be stored by the regulator  8  and be used by the regulator in determining desirable second states of the valve  10  in specific circumstances. 
     In embodiments, the apparatus may include a real-time hydrocarbon gas analyzer  30  (alternatively referred to as a sniffer) as an indicator of hydrocarbon ingestion. This may be used in combination with an RPM sensor  32 . The installation procedure may be enhanced in this implementation by having the apparatus “self calibrate” by the microprocessor  60  or  42  sensing the position of the valve  10  during its transition to an open or closed position. Where used, the RPM sensor  32  may function through a cable mounted to an RPM “pickoff” on the alternator or a sensor mounted on the flywheel or other suitable rotating body associated with the power source  6 . These elements may be comprised in an auto-sensing capability requiring no operator input but functioning in response to input from the controller  12  to stop an overspeed condition by closing the valve  10 . In this embodiment, when the power source  6  RPM increases beyond a predetermined value or when a sniffer  30  detects significant amounts of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, the monitor  36  and/or microprocessor  42  may automatically direct the valve controller  34  to close or partly close the valve  10  to prevent the power source  6  continuing to accelerate. In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may also alert an operator of the asset  4 , or the controller  12 , or both to the developing overspeed condition and either of them may be able to deactivate the asset  4  by sending a suitable control signal or by using the emergency stop switch  24 . In alternative embodiments, a range of alternative parameters may be used to detect developing overspeed conditions and RPM and that RPM or hydrocarbon monitoring may be used separately or in combination. In an embodiment, overspeed detection may be based only on RPM or on RPM monitoring. 
     In alternative embodiments, some or all connections and cables and components in the apparatus, including but not limited to regulator/monitor cable  40  and transmitter/receiver cables  150  and  152  may optionally comprise or have associated therewith, anti-tamper assemblies so that should tampering occur, the monitor  36  or regulator  8  will initiate a shutdown sequence. In embodiments, the operation of the valve  10  is directly controlled (both closing and opening) via the microprocessor  60  comprised in the valve controller  34  under the direction of the monitor  36  which may be activated by signals from the controller  12 , or from the emergency stop switch  24 , or in response to data from one or more sensors such as  30 ,  28 ,  32 ,  41 . It will be appreciated that in embodiments certain sensors and connections may be integral to other parts of the apparatus including the valve  10 , the valve motor  62 , and their associated structures. 
     In alternative embodiments, the controller  12  may transmit a permission signal to the regulator  8  and the movement of the valve  10  may be reversible in response to or following receipt of the permission signal from the controller  12 . In further alternative embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise a plurality of assets and the individual ones of the assets may be independently, remotely, and controllably deactivateable or partly deactivateable. In yet further alternative embodiments, the valve  10  may have an associated valve position sensor  28  and the status information  15  may include information regarding the valve position. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed a method for remotely controllably deactivating or partly deactivating a first asset  4 . The first asset  4  may comprise an air dependent power source  6  having an air supply, and the method may comprise providing a regulator  8  associated with the first asset  4 , comprising a valve  10  having first and second positions wherein the first position allows a first rate of the air supply to the power source  6  and the second position allows a second rate of the air supply to the power source  6  and wherein the second rate is less than the first rate. The method may comprise providing a controller  12  remote from the regulator  8 , for transmitting a control signal  14  to the regulator  8 ; the valve  10  being actuable in response to the control signal  14  to move between the first and second positions thereby regulating the air supply to the power source  6 . In alternative embodiments, the method may comprise providing a second controller  22  and the valve  10  may have a plurality of positions between the first and second positions and may be actuable in response to a signal from the second controller  22  to move into a selected one of the positions to at least partly limit the air supply to the power source  6 . In an embodiment, this shutdown may be complete and the closure may prevent substantially all flow of air to power source  6 . In alternative embodiments, the regulator  8  may comprise a hydrocarbon detector  30  and be adapted to deactivate the power source  6  when information from the hydrocarbon detector  30  satisfies predetermined parameters. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an apparatus for controllably deactivating, or partly deactivating, a first asset  4 , in response to a control signal  14  from a remote controller  12 , the first asset comprising an air dependent power source  6  having an air supply. The apparatus may comprise: a regulator  8  associated with the first asset  4  and comprising a valve  10  having first and second positions wherein the first position allows a first rate of the air supply to the power source  6  and the second position allows a second rate of the air supply to the power source  6  and wherein the second rate is less than the first rate. The valve  10  may be actuable by the regulator  8  in response to a control signal  14  from the controller  12  to move between the first and second positions. In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a transmitter  20  for transmitting asset status information  15  to the control center  16 . 
     In alternative embodiments, the valve  10  may have a plurality of alternate positions between the first and second positions and may be actuable in response to a signal from the controller  12  to adopt successive ones of the positions to incrementally regulate the air supply. In further alternative embodiments, the apparatus may comprise a second controller  22  and the valve  10  may be actuable in response to a signal from the second controller  22  to move into a selected one of the positions to at least partly limit the air supply to the power source  6 . 
     In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may be constructed using a kit, the kit comprising suitable components to construct at least a part of the regulator  8  and instructions to use the components to construct at least a part of the regulator  8 . 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an air intake shut-off valve for an engine having an air intake, the shut-off valve comprising; (a) a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; (b) a flow control valve disposed in the airflow passage, the flow control valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that prevents airflow through the passage; (c) actuation means for moving the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position, and for moving the flow control valve between its second closed position and its first open position; (d) switch means for activating and deactivating the actuation means; and (e) means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby the flow control valve moves between its first open position and its second closed position in a pre-determined period of time. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means may be adapted to move the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position in a period of time that is greater than 1 second, but that is less than 6 seconds. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means may be adapted to move the flow control valve between its first open position and its second closed position in a period of time that is greater than 1 second, but that is less than 6 seconds; or in a period of time of about 2 seconds to about 3 seconds; or in a period of time of about 4 seconds to about 5 seconds 
     In alternative embodiments, the flow control valve may be a butterfly valve. 
     In alternative embodiments, the actuation means may comprise an actuator having a drive means for controlling the movement of the flow control valve between the first open position and the second closed position and between the second closed position and the first open position. The actuator may comprise: (a) a pinion gear connected to the flow control valve; (b) a worm gear driving the pinion gear; and (c) an electric motor driving the worm gear. 
     The switch means may be responsive to an operating condition of the engine or an ancillary component of the engine and in embodiments the engine operating condition may include any one of temperature, pressure, or RPM. 
     In alternative embodiments, the switch means may be responsive to a manually transmitted signal, or to a remotely transmitted signal, and the switch means may comprise an electronic controller module. In alternative embodiments, the electronic controller module controls the speed of the electric motor and in further alternative embodiments may be pre-programmed to activate the actuation means upon the occurrence of a specific operating condition of the engine. 
     In alternative embodiments, the electronic controller module may be pre-programmed to activate the actuation means upon the occurrence of a specific operating condition of an ancillary component of the engine, and in alternative embodiments, the specific engine operating condition may include any one of a specific temperature level, a specific pressure level, or a specific RPM level. In alternative embodiments, the shut off valve may comprise a valve sensor to sense whether the flow control valve is open or shut, and wherein the electronic controller module is operatingly connected to the valve sensor. 
     In alternative embodiments, the valve sensor may comprise a micro-switch engaging the flow control valve mechanism, the micro-switch being electronically connected to the electronic controller module. 
     In alternative embodiments, the shut-off valve may comprise display means connected to the electronic controller module, the display having indicators for indicating whether the flow control valve is open or shut, and in alternative embodiments, the shut-off valve may comprise display means connected to the electronic controller module, the display having indicators. 
     In alternative embodiments, the housing may comprise a drive housing that is releasably attached to a tubular channel housing, the channel housing defining the airflow passage, or the housing may comprise a motor and gear housing sandwiched between a top cover and a base cover. 
     In alternative embodiments, the means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine may comprise at least one sleeve extending outwards from the airflow passage. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an air intake shut-off valve for an engine having an air intake, the shut-off valve comprising: (a) a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; (b) a butterfly valve disposed in the airflow passage, the butterfly valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that prevents airflow through the passage, the butterfly valve having a central shaft; (c) a pinion gear connected to the shaft of the butterfly valve; (d) a worm gear driving the pinion gear; (e) an electric motor connected to the worm gear; (f) a controller module for activating and deactivating the electric motor and for controlling the speed of the motor; and (g) means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby rotation of the worm gear causes rotation of the shaft of the butterfly valve such that the butterfly valve can be moved between its first open position and its second closed position and between its second closed position and its first open position in a pre-determined period of time. 
     In alternative embodiments, there is disclosed an airflow-regulating apparatus for an engine having an air intake, the apparatus may comprise a housing having an airflow passage extending through the housing; a valve disposed in the airflow passage, the valve being movable between a first open position that permits airflow through the passage and a second closed position that restricts airflow through the passage, an actuator for adjusting the valve position according to a predetermined sequence of valve positions; and means for sealably connecting the airflow passage to the air intake of the engine; whereby the valve can be moved between its first open position and its second flow restricting position in a pre-determined period of time. In alternative embodiments, the apparatus may be adapted to be remotely activated, the pre-determined period of time may be greater than about 12 seconds and the restricting may substantially prevent the airflow. In alternative embodiments, the restricted airflow may be greater than about 3% of an unrestricted airflow through said air intake. 
     In some embodiments, slower deactivation or partial deactivation of an asset may reduce engine damage and may reduce risks to the asset and its occupants that may be associated with sudden uncontrolled deactivation of the engine and immobilisation or loss of control of the asset. 
     The embodiments and examples presented herein are illustrative of the general nature of the subject matter claimed and are not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art how these embodiments can be readily modified and/or adapted for various applications and in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter disclosed and claimed. The claims hereof are to be understood to include without limitation all alternative embodiments and equivalents of the subject matter hereof. Phrases, words, and terms employed herein are illustrative and are not limiting. Where permissible by law, all references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. It will be appreciated that any aspects of the different embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in a range of possible alternative embodiments, and alternative combinations of features, all of which varied combinations of features are to be understood to form a part of the subject matter claimed.