Patent Publication Number: US-10777037-B1

Title: System and method for utilizing a mobile device to identify an electronic gaming machine

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Gaming machines may provide players awards in primary games. Gaming machines generally require the player to place a wager to activate the primary game. The award may be based on the player obtaining a winning symbol or symbol combination and on the amount of the wager. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a gaming establishment component including a processor, and a memory device that stores a plurality of instructions. When executed by the processor, the instructions cause the processor to receive data associated with an event occurring in association with an electronic gaming machine. When executed by the processor responsive to receiving data associated with the event occurring in association with the electronic gaming machine, the instructions cause the processor to wirelessly transmit electronic gaming machine identifying data to a mobile device, wherein responsive to a subsequence occurrence of an electronic gaming machine identification event, a mobile device application displays, based on the transmitted electronic gaming machine identifying data, an identifier associated with the electronic gaming machine. 
     In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a system including a processor, and a memory device that stores a plurality of instructions. When executed by the processor, the instructions cause the processor to receive data associated with an event occurring in association with a first electronic gaming machine. When executed by the processor responsive to receiving data associated with the event occurring in association with the first electronic gaming machine, the instructions cause the processor to wirelessly transmit first electronic gaming machine identifying data to a mobile device. When executed by the processor responsive to a determination that the first electronic gaming machine is unavailable upon an occurrence of an electronic gaming machine identification event associated with the first electronic gaming machine, the instructions cause the processor to wirelessly transmit second electronic gaming machine identifying data to the mobile device, wherein a mobile device application displays, based on the transmitted second electronic gaming machine identifying data, an identifier associated with a second electronic gaming machine. 
     In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a method of operating including receiving data associated with an event occurring in association with an electronic gaming machine. Responsive to receiving data associated with the event occurring in association with the electronic gaming machine, the method includes wirelessly transmitting electronic gaming machine identifying data to a mobile device, wherein responsive to a subsequence occurrence of an electronic gaming machine identification event, a mobile device application displays, based on the transmitted electronic gaming machine identifying data, an identifier associated with the electronic gaming machine. 
     Additional features are described herein, and will be apparent from the following Detailed Description and the figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  is a flow chart of an example process for operating a system which utilizes a mobile device application to display one or more recorded identifiers associated with one or more electronic gaming machines. 
         FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C  are example graphical user interfaces displayed on a mobile device in connection with recording an identifier associated with one or more electronic gaming machines. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of an electronic configuration of an example gaming system disclosed herein. 
         FIGS. 4A  and B are perspective views of example alternative embodiments of the gaming system disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In various embodiments, the system disclosed herein utilizes an application running on a mobile device to collect game data regarding a player&#39;s experience at an electronic gaming machine (“EGM”), wherein the application subsequently utilizes such collected game data to inform the player of their prior experiences at different EGMs. In certain of these embodiments, the system determines various data associated with an EGM, such as an amount won for a play of a game at an EGM, or a collective amount won during a gaming session at the EGM. Following the determination of such data, the system communicates the determined data associated with the EGM along with one or more identifiers of the EGM to the mobile device application being executed on a mobile device. 
     Following this communication, upon the player subsequently accessing the mobile device application, the mobile device application displays one or more messages regarding the player&#39;s prior gaming experience, such as which EGMs the player played during a prior visit to the gaming establishment and an amount won, if any, at such EGMs. Using this historical data, the player is better able to decide which EGM to play upon their next gaming session, such as upon their next visit to the gaming establishment. Put differently, responsive to receiving different data from different gaming establishment components, such as different EGMs, regarding one or more aspects of the player&#39;s experience at that gaming establishment component, the mobile device application employs such data for subsequent use by the player. Such a system thus enhances a player&#39;s gaming experience by saving the player time and energy by knowing which EGMs the player may want to seek out during a subsequent gaming session and which EGMs the player may want to avoid. That is, while certain players often become frustrated when they cannot find a particular EGM because either the gaming establishment changed the location of that EGM or the player simply does not remember enough details about that particular EGM, the system disclosed herein utilizes a mobile device application to capture, in real time, identifying information of a particular EGM such that the player may relatively quickly and easily find that EGM at a later point in time, thereby minimizing or eliminating certain frustrations experienced by certain players. 
       FIG. 1  is a flowchart of an example process or method of operating the system of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the process is represented by a set of instructions stored in one or more memories and executed by one or more processors. Although the process is described with reference to the flowchart shown in  FIG. 1 , many other processes of performing the acts associated with this illustrated process may be employed. For example, the order of certain of the illustrated blocks or diamonds may be changed, certain of the illustrated blocks or diamonds may be optional, or certain of the illustrated blocks or diamonds may not be employed. 
     In certain embodiments, upon a mobile device application triggering event, the mobile device launches a mobile device application as indicated in block  102 . In one embodiment, the mobile device application triggering event occurs when a player makes one or more inputs, via a mobile device interface, to launch or otherwise open the mobile device application. In another embodiment, the mobile device application triggering event occurs when the player enters a gaming establishment as detected via one or more location-tracking modules of the mobile device, such as a global positioning system component of the mobile device. In one such embodiment, the mobile device application is a location based digital wallet enabled application, such as a Passbook-enabled or Wallet-enabled application, which is accessible when the player enters a gaming establishment. 
     In certain embodiments, the mobile device application is downloaded to the mobile device from an application store. In another embodiment, the mobile device application is downloaded to the mobile device from one or more websites or application stores affiliated with the gaming establishment (which are accessible directly by the player&#39;s mobile device and/or by a link opened when the user or player scans a QR code associated with an EGM, a point-of-sale terminal associated with the gaming establishment or any location-designating display). 
     In certain embodiments, following or otherwise in association with the launching of the mobile device application, as indicated by block  104 , upon a mobile device pairing event, the mobile device pairs with an EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system, such as a slot machine interface board, located inside the EGM (i.e., a component of the EGM)). In these embodiments, the mobile device pairs directly with the EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM) to enable the EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM) to communicate any tracked game data directly to the mobile device. It should be appreciated that the term “EGM” is used herein to refer to any suitable electronic gaming machine which enables a player place one or more wagers and/or play one or more games, wherein the EGM comprises, but is not limited to: a slot machine, a video poker machine, a video lottery terminal, a terminal associated with an electronic table game, a video keno machine, a video bingo machine, a sports betting terminal, or a kiosk, such as a sports betting kiosk. 
     In certain embodiments, the mobile device pairing event occurs when a mobile device communicatively connects to a central controller which is in communication with an EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM (i.e., a component of the EGM)). In these embodiments, the mobile device pairs indirectly with the EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM) to enable the EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM) to communicate any tracked game data indirectly to the mobile device through the use of the central controller. 
     In various embodiments, in addition to the direct or indirect pairing or linkage between the mobile device and the EGM (which may occur prior to, during or after a gaming session at the EGM), the system determines whether an EGM data capture event occurred in association with the paired EGM as indicated in diamond  106 . 
     In certain embodiments, an EGM data capture event occurs based on one or more player inputs to cause the EGM data capture event to occur. In certain embodiments, an EGM data capture event occurs based on an event or series of events associated with the player&#39;s gaming experience, such an event or series of events which occur in association with one or more plays of a game at the EGM. In different embodiments, the event or series of events associated with the player&#39;s gaming experience include, but are not limited to: the generation of any game outcome, the generation of a designated game outcome, the generation of a sequence or series of game outcomes, the generation of any award, the generation of a designated award, the generation of an award over a threshold value, the generation of a sequence or series of awards, the generation of a qualifying losing game outcome (e.g., the generation of nearly hitting a progressive award but being off by one symbol), the triggering of a bonus game, the activation of a feature of a game, the accumulation of a quantity of one or more collectible elements, the cashing out of a quantity of player points (e.g., converting player points to receive a buffet ticket), the cashing in at an EGM, the cashing out of an EGM, and/or a detection of a player&#39;s biometric data, such as a player&#39;s monitored heartrate or captured facial expression, being associated with a triggering event. It should be appreciated that such events may be determined by the player, by the gaming establishment and/or by a third party. 
     If the system determines that the EGM data capture event did not occur, the system returns to diamond  106  and awaits for an occurrence, if any, of the EGM data capture event. 
     On the other hand, as indicated in block  108 , if the EGM data capture event occurred, the system captures data associated with a player&#39;s gaming session at the paired EGM. 
     In certain embodiments, the captured data is based on one or more tracked gaming events which occur during one or more plays of one or more games at the paired EGM. In different embodiments, the tracked gaming events include, but are not limited to: a deposit of an amount of funds at the paired EGM; an identification of a player at the paired EGM; a placement of a wager (regardless of the wager amount); a placement of a side-wager (regardless of the side-wager amount); a wager on a number of paylines; a wager on a designated payline; a wager on a number of ways to win; a speed of play by a player; a change in a speed of play by a player; a betting pattern by a player; a change in betting pattern by a player; a change in a type of game played; an activation of a reel; a stopping of a reel, an activation of a plurality of reels; a stopping of a plurality of reels, a generation of any outcome (or a designated outcome); a generation of any outcome (or a designated outcome) associated with an award; a generation of any outcome (or a designated outcome) associated with an award over a designated value; a generation of an outcome on a designated payline; a generation of an outcome in a scatter configuration; a generation of a winning way to win; a generation of a designated symbol or symbol combination; a generation of a designated symbol or symbol combination on a designated payline; a generation of a designated symbol or symbol combination in a scatter configuration; a payment of an award amount; a triggering of a play of a secondary game; an activation of a secondary display; an activation of a community award generator; and/or a generation of any outcome (or a designated outcome) in a secondary game. 
     In certain embodiments, the captured data is additionally or alternatively based on zero, one or more actions taken, such as via zero, one or more inputs, which occur after one or more events which occur during one or more plays of one or more games at the paired EGM. In certain embodiments, the captured data is additionally or alternatively based on zero, one or more events which occur independent of any plays of any games at the paired EGM. For example, the captured data includes what non-gaming content was displayed to the player via a service window and when such content was displayed. 
     In certain embodiments, the captured data is additionally or alternatively based on zero, one or more actions taken, such as via zero, one or more inputs, which occur after one or more events which occur independent of any plays of any games at the paired EGM. For example, the captured data includes which inputs are made by a player responsive to which non-gaming images are displayed to the player via a service window as well as the timing of such inputs. 
     It should be appreciated that any suitable data associated with any suitable quantifiable event which occurs in association with a player&#39;s gaming experience at a paired EGM and/or any suitable quantifiable action the player takes in association with the player&#39;s gaming experience at the paired EGM may be captured by the system disclosed herein. That is, data associated with any traceable input made at the paired EGM (or via the paired mobile device) and/or any traceable output from the EGM (or the paired mobile device) which: (i) occurs in association with one or more plays of one or more primary games at the paired EGM, (ii) occurs in association with one or more plays of one or more secondary games at the paired EGM, or (iii) occurs independent of any primary games or secondary games played at the paired EGM; may be captured in accordance with the system disclosed herein. 
     In certain embodiments, the data captured in association with the event and/or action occurring includes information regarding when the event and/or action occurred as well as the environment (e.g., game name, player identifying information, game type, location of EGM, manufacturer of EGM, name of gaming establishment, location of gaming establishment, type of gaming establishment) in which the event and/or action occurred. For example, if data associated with an input made by a player during a play of a game is captured, the system also captures or otherwise collects data including, but not limited to: the time the input was made, the name of the game the input was made in, the category of game (i.e., selection game, skill-based game) the input was made in, the manufacturer of the game in which the input was made in, and the gaming establishment in which the game was played that the input was made in. 
     In various embodiments, following the capturing of data associated with any suitable quantifiable event which occurs in association with a player&#39;s gaming experience at a paired EGM and/or any suitable quantifiable action the player takes in association with the player&#39;s gaming experience at the paired EGM, as indicated in block  110  of  FIG. 1 , upon an occurrence of a captured EGM data upload event, the system causes the EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM) to communicate the captured data to the paired mobile device. In these embodiments, the communicated data also includes an identifier associated with the paired EGM. 
     In certain embodiments, the captured EGM data upload event occurs in association with a termination of a gaming session at the paired EGM. In one such embodiment, upon the player cashing out the balance of the paired EGM (i.e., the termination of the gaming session), the captured EGM data upload event occurs and the captured data is communicated to the mobile device application. In another such embodiment, upon a severed pairing between the EGM and the mobile device application (i.e., the termination of the gaming session), the captured EGM data upload event occurs and the captured data is communicated to the mobile device application. 
     In certain embodiments, the captured EGM data upload event occurs in association with a termination of a plurality of gaming sessions at one or more paired EGMs. In one such embodiment, upon a severed pairing between the mobile device application and the central controller, the captured EGM data upload event occurs and the captured data is communicated to the mobile device application. In another such embodiment, following a designated amount of time after the mobile device has been paired with an EGM, the captured EGM data upload event occurs and the captured data is communicated to the mobile device application. 
     In certain embodiments, the captured EGM data upload event periodically occurs at designated intervals. In one such embodiment, the captured EGM data upload event occurs at designated intervals of time. For example, every 30 seconds, a captured EGM data upload event occurs and the captured data is communicated to the mobile device application. In another such embodiment, the captured EGM data upload event occurs at designated intervals based on an amount of data collected. For example, whenever a designated amount of data is captured, a captured EGM data upload event occurs and the captured data is communicated to the mobile device application. 
     Following the communication of the captured EGM data to the mobile device application of the mobile device, the system stores the captured data in association with the mobile device application of the paired mobile device as indicated in block  112  of  FIG. 1 . 
     In certain embodiments, the mobile device application stores the captured data and any supplemental content (as described below) in one or more memory devices of the mobile device. In certain other embodiments, rather than the mobile device application storing the captured data, the captured data regarding which EGMs the player has used and any supplemental content (as described below) is stored by a remote host or via a cloud computing system. In these embodiments, upon the player accessing the mobile device application, the mobile device application queries the cloud or remote host for the captured data. It should be appreciated that this non-local storage of the captured data also enables a gaming establishment operator to access such information for targeted marketing campaigns. For example, a gaming establishment operator could send one or more communications to a player reminding them of their previous wins or game experience on one or more EGMs, as well as potentially offer the player free play or promotional credits to come back to the gaming establishment to play the same (or different) EGMs again. In these embodiment, the gaming establishment communicates with the player via any suitable communication including, but not limited to, a SMS or text message, an email, a notification of the mobile device application, a push notification sent to the mobile device, a website posting, a social media network message, and/or a posting to an account at a social media site (e.g., Facebook™, Google+™, Twitter™, Instagram™, LinkedIn™, Snapchat™, YouTube™, Pinterest™, Tumblr™, Flickr™, Reddit™, Quora™, Vine™, and/or Periscope™). 
     In certain embodiments, as indicated in block  114 , the mobile device application displays one or more message to the player regarding the data associated with their gaming session. For example, as seen in  FIG. 2A , if a win of over $100 on a play of a game qualifies as a EGM capture data event, then following the EGM recording a win of $150 and the EGM communicating the amount of the win and an EGM identifier, such as the EGM&#39;s Slot Accounting System asset number, to the mobile device application, the mobile device application  202  of the mobile device  204  displays a message  206   a  to the player that a win of $150 occurred during a play of Game X on EGM PK1234 at Casino Y. It should be appreciated that displaying at least an identifier of the EGM enables the player (and/or gaming establishment personnel) to locate that particular EGM for another gaming session at a subsequent point in time. That is, since each of the EGMs in a gaming establishment are marked with one or more unique identifiers on the outside of such EGMs, if a player wishes to play a particular EGM again, the player retrieves the unique identifier of that particular EGM from the mobile device and the player (with or without the assistance of gaming establishment personnel) locates that particular EGM by the unique identifier associated with that EGM. 
     In certain embodiments, the mobile device application displays to the player additional information regarding one or more prior gaming sessions (which was captured by the EGM and subsequently communicated to the mobile device). In different embodiments, this additional information includes the date of the prior gaming session (e.g., “you played EGM PK6679 on Jul. 26, 2018), wagering transaction information (e.g., an amount wagered for an individual play of a game and/or in total during a gaming session, an amount won for an individual play of a game and/or in total during a gaming session), the win amount for one or more games played (e.g., “$2625.50 was won on EGM PK6679”), a category of an award for one or more games played (e.g., “you won a progressive award on EGM PK6679”), a category of an outcome for one or more games played (e.g., “a Royal Flush was hit on PK5623”), the total win amount during the prior gaming session (e.g., “you won $5414.35 playing EGM PK6679”), the amount of time played at the particular EGM during the prior gaming session (e.g., your gaming session at EGM PK5623 lasted one-hundred-eighty-five minutes”), and/or the theme of the EGM (e.g., “EGM PK6659 is a Super Insane Wild Crazy Jackpot themed game”). It should be appreciated that any suitable data communicated from the EGM to the mobile device, such as any suitable EGM capture data disclosed herein, may be displayed to the player via the mobile device application to aid the player in identifying which EGM to play for one or more subsequent gaming sessions. 
     In certain embodiments, in association with displaying to the player one or more messages regarding one or more events which occurred at an EGM, the mobile device application enables the player to associate supplemental content with the communicated captured EGM data. In certain embodiments, the system automatically associates supplemental content with the communicated captured EGM data. In these embodiments, the supplemental content includes one or more content components in one or more media formats. In different embodiments, the supplemental content components includes one or more of: still images (e.g., a photograph or other visual indication of the particular EGM including the model, color, number of monitors, and/or cabinet style), video clips (e.g., a video recording of a player&#39;s reaction to the play of a game), sound clips (e.g., a player&#39;s verbal reaction to a play of a game), augmented still images (e.g., an augmented photograph of a player&#39;s reaction during the play of the game, such as the player&#39; reaction modified via one or more filters or superimposed with the outcome of the play of the game), augmented video clips (e.g., an augmented video recording of a player&#39;s reaction to the play of a game), augmented sound clips (e.g., a player&#39;s augmented verbal reaction to a play of a game), audio-video clips, text (e.g., an advertisement promoting an upcoming event at a gaming establishment), In different embodiments, the supplemental content components are combinable with contextual information, such as information about the person, place and time, and then formatted to generate the supplemental content. 
     In certain embodiments, the supplemental content includes a player assessed quantification of the player&#39;s experience at a particular EGM. In these embodiments, the mobile device application enables the player to make one or more inputs to distinguish one EGM identifier (associated with an EGM previously played by the player which communicated data to the mobile device) over another EGM identifier (associated with an EGM previously played by the player which communicated data to the mobile device). 
     In one such embodiment, the supplemental content includes text entered by the player, via the mobile device application interface, which assists the player in remembering about a particular EGM for a future date. For example, following the player entering the text, via the mobile device application interface, of “Hits the bonus A LOT”, the mobile device application associates that text with an EGM identifier (associated with an EGM previously played by the player which communicated data to the mobile device) such that when the player returns to the gaming establishment and accesses the mobile device application, the player is informed of their prior message and may decide to visit that particular EGM again. 
     In another such embodiment, during an active gaming session (after the EGM has communicated at least an identifier associated with that EGM to the mobile device), the mobile device application enables the player to make one or more inputs to designate the EGM for future consideration, such as by making one or more inputs to “like”, save or “heart” the EGM. For example, as seen in  FIG. 2B , the mobile device application  202  of the mobile device  204  displays a message  206   b  regarding the EGM being played and further enables a player to make an input, via the mobile device application interface, to designate whether or not they “Like” the EGM which they are currently playing at and have won a certain amount of money at. In another such embodiment, after an active gaming session (and after the EGM has communicated captured EGM data to the mobile device), the mobile device application enables the player to make one or more inputs to designate the EGM for future consideration, such as by making one or more inputs to “like”, save or “heart” the EGM. In these embodiments, following the designation of zero, one or more EGMs for future consideration, the mobile device application enables the player to sort the different EGM identifiers received from different EGMs by such designations to enable the player to better identify which EGMs to consider playing again. For example, as seen in  FIG. 2C , the mobile device application  202  of the mobile device  204  displays information  206   c  associated with designated EGMs (e.g., EGM PK5623 which was played on Jul. 28, 2018) visually distinct from information associated with non-designated EGMs (e.g., EGM PK1234 which was played on Jul. 26, 2018 and EGM PK6679 which was played on Jul. 27, 2018). 
     In certain embodiments, the captured EGM data communicated to the mobile device includes location data associated with the EGM. In certain of these embodiments, the mobile device application of the mobile device utilizes a global positioning system (“GPS”) or other suitable navigation system associated with the mobile device to determine a location of the EGM based on the previously communicated location data associated with the EGM. In certain other embodiments, the mobile device uses one or more beacons which employ one or more suitable wireless communication protocols to pinpoint a location of the EGM based on the previously communicated location data associated with the EGM. In certain other embodiments, the mobile device is in communication with one or more gaming establishment components, such as a gaming establishment server, which update the mobile device application on an updated location of a particular EGM, wherein the mobile device application then utilizes the updated location data associated with the EGM (and any suitable location tracking protocol) to guide the player to that particular EGM. 
     As described above, utilizing a mobile device application to display at least an identifier of a particular EGM aids a player (and/or gaming establishment personnel) in locating that particular for another gaming session at a subsequent point in time. However, in certain situations, if a gaming establishment operator has removed a particular EGM, then the player would be unable to locate such a removed EGM. As such, in certain embodiments, the mobile device is in communication with one or more gaming establishment components, such as a gaming establishment server, which update the mobile device application that a particular EGM (which the mobile device application displays captured EGM data about) has been removed. In these embodiments, the gaming establishment component communicates alternative EGM data to the mobile device which causes the mobile device application to display one or more messages regarding an alternative EGM the player may want to play, such as another EGM of the same make and model of the removed EGM or another EGM having similar attributes (e.g., game play attributes and/or EGM attributes) as the removed EGM. 
     In another embodiment, upon accessing the mobile device application, the mobile device communicates with one or more gaming establishment components, such as a gaming establishment server, to determine the status of one or more particular EGMs (which the mobile device application displays captured EGM data about). In this embodiment, the gaming establishment component communicates data to the mobile device regarding whether or not such particular EGMs are currently occupied by other players. As such, the mobile device application displays an updated occupancy status of one or more EGMs (which the mobile device application displays captured EGM data about) to further assist the player in how to plan their gaming establishment experience. For example, if the mobile device application displays an indication that a particular EGM which the player previously indicated as “Hits the bonus A LOT” is occupied, but the particular EGM which the player previously indicated as “A HOT Poker Game” is not occupied, then the player may choose to find the particular EGM previously indicated as “A HOT Poker Game”. 
     Accordingly, by using a mobile device application to capture data regarding zero, one or more particular EGMs and by further enabling the player access to certain of this data, the system disclosed herein enables the player to better make use of their time at a gaming establishment. That is, rather than a player wasting time trying to figure out if a particular EGM is the same EGM they previously played and want to play again, the system utilizes a dynamic and interactive mobile device application to insure that the player can locate, if available, the particular EGM they previously played and want to play again. Such a configuration thus saves the players time and energy as well as reduces gaming establishment congestion as players move throughout a gaming establishment with a more focused purpose. 
     Linking Mobile Device to EGM 
     In various embodiments, prior to an EGM communicating EGM data to a mobile device to be used for the subsequent identification of that EGM, as indicated above, a pairing or linkage occurs between the mobile device and the EGM. The pairing or linkage between the mobile device and the EGM occurs via one or more applications being run or executed on the mobile device. 
     In certain embodiments, the communication with the mobile device can occur through one or more network interfaces, such as wireless interfaces, of the EGM which are configured to receive information. In one such embodiment, the wireless interface is integrated into the cabinet of the EGM, and a processor of the EGM is configured to communicate directly with and send commands to the wireless interface. In another embodiment, the wireless interface is integrated into a device mounted to and/or within a cabinet of an EGM, such as a slot machine interface board or other component of a gaming establishment. In certain embodiments wherein the wireless interface is embedded in a secondary device, the processor of the EGM sends commands to control the wireless interface via a secondary controller. 
     In certain embodiments, the wireless communication is established via the EGM and mobile device sending one or more wireless communication signals, such as Bluetooth™ signals and/or Bluetooth™ Low Energy (“BLE”) signals, one or more cellular communication standard (e.g., 3G, 4G, LTE) signals, one or more Wi-Fi compatible standard signals and/or one or more short range communication signals, such as near field communication (“NFC”) signals protocol). 
     In certain embodiments, the wireless communication is established via the scanning of one or more machine-readable codes, such as a QR code. In these embodiments, the EGM (or one or more components of a gaming establishment management system located inside the EGM) generates and displays a machine readable code, such as the QR code displayed on a display device of the EGM. In this embodiment, the user launches the mobile device application from the user&#39;s mobile device and scans the machine readable code, such as the QR code. In one such embodiment, scanning the machine readable code with the mobile device running the mobile device application places the mobile device and the EGM (or other gaming establishment component) in wireless communication with each other. 
     In certain embodiments, after a player has opened an application on a mobile device and selected an action to be performed, such as requested that an identify of an EGM where a certain win occurred be communicated to the player&#39;s mobile device, the system utilizes one or more authorization tokens (i.e., time-based tokens which expires after a designated period of time and which is associated with an additional level of player authentication beyond a player&#39;s application username and application password) to secure the communications between the EGM and the mobile device. 
     It should be appreciated that while certain data or information disclosed herein is communicated from a EGM (or a component of a gaming establishment management system supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM) to a mobile device, such data or information may additionally or alternatively be communicated: (i) from one or more servers to a mobile device via one or more wireless communication protocols, or (ii) from a EGM to one or more servers via one or more wireless communication protocols and then from one or more servers to a mobile device via one or more wireless communication protocols. 
     It should be further appreciated that any functionality or process described herein may be implemented via one or more servers, one or more EGMs, one or more gaming establishment components (such as a component of a gaming establishment management system (e.g., a player tracking unit) supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM), or a mobile device application. For example, while certain data or information described herein is explained as being communicated from a EGM or a gaming establishment component (such as a component of a gaming establishment management system (e.g., a player tracking unit) supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM) to a mobile device via one or more wireless communication protocols, such data or information may additionally or alternatively be communicated from one or more servers to a mobile device via one or more wireless communication protocols. Accordingly: (i) while certain functions, features or processes are described herein as being performed by a EGM, such functions, features or processes may alternatively be performed by one or more servers, or one or more mobile device applications, or one or more gaming establishment components (such as a component of a gaming establishment management system (e.g., a player tracking unit) supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM), (ii) while certain functions, features or processes are described herein as being performed by one or more mobile device applications, such functions, features or processes may alternatively be performed by one or more servers, or one or more EGMs, or one or more gaming establishment components (such as a component of a gaming establishment management system (e.g., a player tracking unit) supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM), (iii) while certain functions, features or processes are described herein as being performed by one or more servers, such functions, features or processes may alternatively be performed by one or more EGMs, or one or more mobile device applications, or one or more gaming establishment components (such as a component of a gaming establishment management system (e.g., a player tracking unit) supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM)), and (iv) while certain functions, features or processes are described herein as being performed by one or more gaming establishment components (such as a component of a gaming establishment management system (e.g., a player tracking unit) supported by or otherwise located inside the EGM), such functions, features or processes may alternatively be performed by one or more EGMs, or one or more mobile device applications, or one or more servers. 
     Gaming Systems 
     The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in accordance with or in conjunction with one or more of a variety of different types of gaming systems, such as, but not limited to, those described below. 
     The present disclosure contemplates a variety of different gaming systems each having one or more of a plurality of different features, attributes, or characteristics. A “gaming system” as used herein refers to various configurations of: (a) one or more central servers, central controllers, or remote hosts; (b) one or more electronic gaming machines such as those located on a casino floor; and/or (c) one or more personal gaming devices, such as desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers or computing devices, personal digital assistants, mobile phones, and other mobile computing devices. 
     Thus, in various embodiments, the gaming system of the present disclosure includes: (a) one or more electronic gaming machines in combination with one or more central servers, central controllers, or remote hosts; (b) one or more personal gaming devices in combination with one or more central servers, central controllers, or remote hosts; (c) one or more personal gaming devices in combination with one or more electronic gaming machines; (d) one or more personal gaming devices, one or more electronic gaming machines, and one or more central servers, central controllers, or remote hosts in combination with one another; (e) a single electronic gaming machine; (f) a plurality of electronic gaming machines in combination with one another; (g) a single personal gaming device; (h) a plurality of personal gaming devices in combination with one another; (i) a single central server, central controller, or remote host; and/or (j) a plurality of central servers, central controllers, or remote hosts in combination with one another. 
     For brevity and clarity and unless specifically stated otherwise, “EGM” as used herein represents one EGM or a plurality of EGMs, “personal gaming device” as used herein represents one personal gaming device or a plurality of personal gaming devices, and “central server, central controller, or remote host” as used herein represents one central server, central controller, or remote host or a plurality of central servers, central controllers, or remote hosts. 
     As noted above, in various embodiments, the gaming system includes an EGM (or personal gaming device) in combination with a central server, central controller, or remote host. In such embodiments, the EGM (or personal gaming device) is configured to communicate with the central server, central controller, or remote host through a data network or remote communication link. In certain such embodiments, the EGM (or personal gaming device) is configured to communicate with another EGM (or personal gaming device) through the same data network or remote communication link or through a different data network or remote communication link. 
     In certain embodiments in which the gaming system includes an EGM (or personal gaming device) in combination with a central server, central controller, or remote host, the central server, central controller, or remote host is any suitable computing device (such as a server) that includes at least one processor and at least one memory device or data storage device. As further described herein, the EGM (or personal gaming device) includes at least one EGM (or personal gaming device) processor configured to transmit and receive data or signals representing events, messages, commands, or any other suitable information between the EGM (or personal gaming device) and the central server, central controller, or remote host. The at least one processor of that EGM (or personal gaming device) is configured to execute the events, messages, or commands represented by such data or signals in conjunction with the operation of the EGM (or personal gaming device). Moreover, the at least one processor of the central server, central controller, or remote host is configured to transmit and receive data or signals representing events, messages, commands, or any other suitable information between the central server, central controller, or remote host and the EGM (or personal gaming device). The at least one processor of the central server, central controller, or remote host is configured to execute the events, messages, or commands represented by such data or signals in conjunction with the operation of the central server, central controller, or remote host. One, more than one, or each of the functions of the central server, central controller, or remote host may be performed by the at least one processor of the EGM (or personal gaming device). Further, one, more than one, or each of the functions of the at least one processor of the EGM (or personal gaming device) may be performed by the at least one processor of the central server, central controller, or remote host. 
     In certain such embodiments, computerized instructions for controlling any games (such as any primary or base games and/or any secondary or bonus games) displayed by the EGM (or personal gaming device) are executed by the central server, central controller, or remote host. In such “thin client” embodiments, the central server, central controller, or remote host remotely controls any games (or other suitable interfaces) displayed by the EGM (or personal gaming device), and the EGM (or personal gaming device) is utilized to display such games (or suitable interfaces) and to receive one or more inputs or commands. In other such embodiments, computerized instructions for controlling any games displayed by the EGM (or personal gaming device) are communicated from the central server, central controller, or remote host to the EGM (or personal gaming device) and are stored in at least one memory device of the EGM (or personal gaming device). In such “thick client” embodiments, the at least one processor of the EGM (or personal gaming device) executes the computerized instructions to control any games (or other suitable interfaces) displayed by the EGM (or personal gaming device). 
     In various embodiments in which the gaming system includes a plurality of EGMs (or personal gaming devices), one or more of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are thin client EGMs (or personal gaming devices) and one or more of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are thick client EGMs (or personal gaming devices). In other embodiments in which the gaming system includes one or more EGMs (or personal gaming devices), certain functions of one or more of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are implemented in a thin client environment, and certain other functions of one or more of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are implemented in a thick client environment. In one such embodiment in which the gaming system includes an EGM (or personal gaming device) and a central server, central controller, or remote host, computerized instructions for controlling any primary or base games displayed by the EGM (or personal gaming device) are communicated from the central server, central controller, or remote host to the EGM (or personal gaming device) in a thick client configuration, and computerized instructions for controlling any secondary or bonus games or other functions displayed by the EGM (or personal gaming device) are executed by the central server, central controller, or remote host in a thin client configuration. 
     In certain embodiments in which the gaming system includes: (a) an EGM (or personal gaming device) configured to communicate with a central server, central controller, or remote host through a data network; and/or (b) a plurality of EGMs (or personal gaming devices) configured to communicate with one another through a data network, the data network is a local area network (LAN) in which the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are located substantially proximate to one another and/or the central server, central controller, or remote host. In one example, the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) and the central server, central controller, or remote host are located in a gaming establishment or a portion of a gaming establishment. 
     In other embodiments in which the gaming system includes: (a) an EGM (or personal gaming device) configured to communicate with a central server, central controller, or remote host through a data network; and/or (b) a plurality of EGMs (or personal gaming devices) configured to communicate with one another through a data network, the data network is a wide area network (WAN) in which one or more of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are not necessarily located substantially proximate to another one of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) and/or the central server, central controller, or remote host. For example, one or more of the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are located: (a) in an area of a gaming establishment different from an area of the gaming establishment in which the central server, central controller, or remote host is located; or (b) in a gaming establishment different from the gaming establishment in which the central server, central controller, or remote host is located. In another example, the central server, central controller, or remote host is not located within a gaming establishment in which the EGMs (or personal gaming devices) are located. In certain embodiments in which the data network is a WAN, the gaming system includes a central server, central controller, or remote host and an EGM (or personal gaming device) each located in a different gaming establishment in a same geographic area, such as a same city or a same state. Gaming systems in which the data network is a WAN are substantially identical to gaming systems in which the data network is a LAN, though the quantity of EGMs (or personal gaming devices) in such gaming systems may vary relative to one another. 
     In further embodiments in which the gaming system includes: (a) an EGM (or personal gaming device) configured to communicate with a central server, central controller, or remote host through a data network; and/or (b) a plurality of EGMs (or personal gaming devices) configured to communicate with one another through a data network, the data network is an internet (such as the Internet) or an intranet. In certain such embodiments, an Internet browser of the EGM (or personal gaming device) is usable to access an Internet game page from any location where an Internet connection is available. In one such embodiment, after the EGM (or personal gaming device) accesses the Internet game page, the central server, central controller, or remote host identifies a player before enabling that player to place any wagers on any plays of any wagering games. In one example, the central server, central controller, or remote host identifies the player by requiring a player account of the player to be logged into via an input of a unique username and password combination assigned to the player. The central server, central controller, or remote host may, however, identify the player in any other suitable manner, such as by validating a player tracking identification number associated with the player; by reading a player tracking card or other smart card inserted into a card reader (as described below); by validating a unique player identification number associated with the player by the central server, central controller, or remote host; or by identifying the EGM (or personal gaming device), such as by identifying the MAC address or the IP address of the Internet facilitator. In various embodiments, once the central server, central controller, or remote host identifies the player, the central server, central controller, or remote host enables placement of one or more wagers on one or more plays of one or more primary or base games and/or one or more secondary or bonus games, and displays those plays via the Internet browser of the EGM (or personal gaming device). Examples of implementations of Internet-based gaming are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,764,566, entitled “Internet Remote Game Server,” and U.S. Pat. No. 8,147,334, entitled “Universal Game Server”. 
     The central server, central controller, or remote host and the EGM (or personal gaming device) are configured to connect to the data network or remote communications link in any suitable manner. In various embodiments, such a connection is accomplished via: a conventional phone line or other data transmission line, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a T-1 line, a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, a wireless or wired routing device, a mobile communications network connection (such as a cellular network or mobile Internet network), or any other suitable medium. The expansion in the quantity of computing devices and the quantity and speed of Internet connections in recent years increases opportunities for players to use a variety of EGMs (or personal gaming devices) to play games from an ever-increasing quantity of remote sites. Additionally, the enhanced bandwidth of digital wireless communications may render such technology suitable for some or all communications, particularly if such communications are encrypted. Higher data transmission speeds may be useful for enhancing the sophistication and response of the display and interaction with players. 
     EGM Components 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example EGM  1000  and  FIGS. 4A and 4B  include two different example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b . The EGMs  1000 ,  2000   a , and  2000   b  are merely example EGMs, and different EGMs may be implemented using different combinations of the components shown in the EGMs  1000 ,  2000   a , and  2000   b . Although the below refers to EGMs, in various embodiments personal gaming devices may include some or all of the below components. 
     In these embodiments, the EGM  1000  includes a master gaming controller  1012  configured to communicate with and to operate with a plurality of peripheral devices  1022 . 
     The master gaming controller  1012  includes at least one processor  1010 . The at least one processor  1010  is any suitable processing device or set of processing devices, such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller-based platform, a suitable integrated circuit, or one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), configured to execute software enabling various configuration and reconfiguration tasks, such as: (1) communicating with a remote source (such as a server that stores authentication information or game information) via a communication interface  1006  of the master gaming controller  1012 ; (2) converting signals read by an interface to a format corresponding to that used by software or memory of the EGM; (3) accessing memory to configure or reconfigure game parameters in the memory according to indicia read from the EGM; (4) communicating with interfaces and the peripheral devices  1022  (such as input/output devices); and/or (5) controlling the peripheral devices  1022 . In certain embodiments, one or more components of the master gaming controller  1012  (such as the at least one processor  1010 ) reside within a housing of the EGM (described below), while in other embodiments at least one component of the master gaming controller  1012  resides outside of the housing of the EGM. 
     The master gaming controller  1012  also includes at least one memory device  1016 , which includes: (1) volatile memory (e.g., RAM  1009 , which can include non-volatile RAM, magnetic RAM, ferroelectric RAM, and any other suitable forms); (2) non-volatile memory  1019  (e.g., disk memory, FLASH memory, EPROMs, EEPROMs, memristor-based non-volatile solid-state memory, etc.); (3) unalterable memory (e.g., EPROMs  1008 ); (4) read-only memory; and/or (5) a secondary memory storage device  1015 , such as a non-volatile memory device, configured to store gaming software related information (the gaming software related information and the memory may be used to store various audio files and games not currently being used and invoked in a configuration or reconfiguration). Any other suitable magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor memory may operate in conjunction with the EGM disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the at least one memory device  1016  resides within the housing of the EGM (described below), while in other embodiments at least one component of the at least one memory device  1016  resides outside of the housing of the EGM. 
     The at least one memory device  1016  is configured to store, for example: (1) configuration software  1014 , such as all the parameters and settings for a game playable on the EGM; (2) associations  1018  between configuration indicia read from an EGM with one or more parameters and settings; (3) communication protocols configured to enable the at least one processor  1010  to communicate with the peripheral devices  1022 ; and/or (4) communication transport protocols (such as TCP/IP, USB, Firewire, IEEE1394, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11x (IEEE 802.11 standards), hiperlan/2, HomeRF, etc.) configured to enable the EGM to communicate with local and non-local devices using such protocols. In one implementation, the master gaming controller  1012  communicates with other devices using a serial communication protocol. A few non-limiting examples of serial communication protocols that other devices, such as peripherals (e.g., a bill validator or a ticket printer), may use to communicate with the master game controller  1012  include USB, RS-232, and Netplex (a proprietary protocol developed by IGT). 
     As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated and described herein in any of a number of patentable classes or context including any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or combining software and hardware implementation that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module,” “component,” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable media having computer readable program code embodied thereon. 
     Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Scala, Smalltalk, Eiffel, JADE, Emerald, C++, C#, VB.NET, Python or the like, conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language, Visual Basic, Fortran 2003, Perl, COBOL 2002, PHP, ABAP, dynamic programming languages such as Python, Ruby and Groovy, or other programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider) or in a cloud computing environment or offered as a service such as a Software as a Service (SaaS). 
     Aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable instruction execution apparatus, create a mechanism for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that when executed can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions when stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which when executed, cause a computer to implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable instruction execution apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatuses or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one memory device  1016  is configured to store program code and instructions executable by the at least one processor of the EGM to control the EGM. The at least one memory device  1016  of the EGM also stores other operating data, such as image data, event data, input data, random number generators (RNGs) or pseudo-RNGs, paytable data or information, and/or applicable game rules that relate to the play of one or more games on the EGM. In various embodiments, part or all of the program code and/or the operating data described above is stored in at least one detachable or removable memory device including, but not limited to, a cartridge, a disk, a CD ROM, a DVD, a USB memory device, or any other suitable non-transitory computer readable medium. In certain such embodiments, an operator (such as a gaming establishment operator) and/or a player uses such a removable memory device in an EGM to implement at least part of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, part or all of the program code and/or the operating data is downloaded to the at least one memory device of the EGM through any suitable data network described above (such as an Internet or intranet). 
     The at least one memory device  1016  also stores a plurality of device drivers  1042 . Examples of different types of device drivers include device drivers for EGM components and device drivers for the peripheral components  1022 . Typically, the device drivers  1042  utilize various communication protocols that enable communication with a particular physical device. The device driver abstracts the hardware implementation of that device. For example, a device driver may be written for each type of card reader that could potentially be connected to the EGM. Non-limiting examples of communication protocols used to implement the device drivers include Netplex, USB, Serial, Ethernet  175 , Firewire, I/O debouncer, direct memory map, serial, PCI, parallel, RF, Bluetooth™, near-field communications (e.g., using near-field magnetics), 802.11 (WiFi), etc. In one embodiment, when one type of a particular device is exchanged for another type of the particular device, the at least one processor of the EGM loads the new device driver from the at least one memory device to enable communication with the new device. For instance, one type of card reader in the EGM can be replaced with a second different type of card reader when device drivers for both card readers are stored in the at least one memory device. 
     In certain embodiments, the software units stored in the at least one memory device  1016  can be upgraded as needed. For instance, when the at least one memory device  1016  is a hard drive, new games, new game options, new parameters, new settings for existing parameters, new settings for new parameters, new device drivers, and new communication protocols can be uploaded to the at least one memory device  1016  from the master game controller  1012  or from some other external device. As another example, when the at least one memory device  1016  includes a CD/DVD drive including a CD/DVD configured to store game options, parameters, and settings, the software stored in the at least one memory device  1016  can be upgraded by replacing a first CD/DVD with a second CD/DVD. In yet another example, when the at least one memory device  1016  uses flash memory  1019  or EPROM  1008  units configured to store games, game options, parameters, and settings, the software stored in the flash and/or EPROM memory units can be upgraded by replacing one or more memory units with new memory units that include the upgraded software. In another embodiment, one or more of the memory devices, such as the hard drive, may be employed in a game software download process from a remote software server. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one memory device  1016  also stores authentication and/or validation components  1044  configured to authenticate/validate specified EGM components and/or information, such as hardware components, software components, firmware components, peripheral device components, user input device components, information received from one or more user input devices, information stored in the at least one memory device  1016 , etc. Examples of various authentication and/or validation components are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,047, entitled “Electronic Gaming Apparatus Having Authentication Data Sets”. 
     In certain embodiments, the peripheral devices  1022  include several device interfaces, such as: (1) at least one output device  1020  including at least one display device  1035 ; (2) at least one input device  1030  (which may include contact and/or non-contact interfaces); (3) at least one transponder  1054 ; (4) at least one wireless communication component  1056 ; (5) at least one wired/wireless power distribution component  1058 ; (6) at least one sensor  1060 ; (7) at least one data preservation component  1062 ; (8) at least one motion/gesture analysis and interpretation component  1064 ; (9) at least one motion detection component  1066 ; (10) at least one portable power source  1068 ; (11) at least one geolocation module  1076 ; (12) at least one user identification module  1077 ; (13) at least one player/device tracking module  1078 ; and (14) at least one information filtering module  1079 . 
     The at least one output device  1020  includes at least one display device  1035  configured to display any game(s) displayed by the EGM and any suitable information associated with such game(s). In certain embodiments, the display devices are connected to or mounted on a housing of the EGM (described below). In various embodiments, the display devices serve as digital glass configured to advertise certain games or other aspects of the gaming establishment in which the EGM is located. In various embodiments, the EGM includes one or more of the following display devices: (a) a central display device; (b) a player tracking display configured to display various information regarding a player&#39;s player tracking status (as described below); (c) a secondary or upper display device in addition to the central display device and the player tracking display; (d) a credit display configured to display a current quantity of credits, amount of cash, account balance, or the equivalent; and (e) a bet display configured to display an amount wagered for one or more plays of one or more games. The example EGM  2000   a  illustrated in  FIG. 4A  includes a central display device  2116 , a player tracking display  2140 , a credit display  2120 , and a bet display  2122 . The example EGM  2000   b  illustrated in  FIG. 4B  includes a central display device  2116 , an upper display device  2118 , a player tracking display  2140 , a credit display  2120 , and a bet display  2122 . 
     In various embodiments, the display devices include, without limitation: a monitor, a television display, a plasma display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a display based on light emitting diodes (LEDs), a display based on a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a display based on polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), a display based on a plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitters (SEDs), a display including a projected and/or reflected image, or any other suitable electronic device or display mechanism. In certain embodiments, as described above, the display device includes a touch-screen with an associated touch-screen controller. The display devices may be of any suitable sizes, shapes, and configurations. 
     The display devices of the EGM are configured to display one or more game and/or non-game images, symbols, and indicia. In certain embodiments, the display devices of the EGM are configured to display any suitable visual representation or exhibition of the movement of objects; dynamic lighting; video images; images of people, characters, places, things, and faces of cards; and the like. In certain embodiments, the display devices of the EGM are configured to display one or more video reels, one or more video wheels, and/or one or more video dice. In other embodiments, certain of the displayed images, symbols, and indicia are in mechanical form. That is, in these embodiments, the display device includes any electromechanical device, such as one or more rotatable wheels, one or more reels, and/or one or more dice, configured to display at least one or a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols, or indicia. 
     In various embodiments, the at least one output device  1020  includes a payout device. In these embodiments, after the EGM receives an actuation of a cashout device (described below), the EGM causes the payout device to provide a payment to the player. In one embodiment, the payout device is one or more of: (a) a ticket printer and dispenser configured to print and dispense a ticket or credit slip associated with a monetary value, wherein the ticket or credit slip may be redeemed for its monetary value via a cashier, a kiosk, or other suitable redemption system; (b) a bill dispenser configured to dispense paper currency; (c) a coin dispenser configured to dispense coins or tokens (such as into a coin payout tray); and (d) any suitable combination thereof. The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a ticket printer and dispenser  2136 . Examples of ticket-in ticket-out (TITO) technology are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,361, entitled “Gaming Machine Information, Communication and Display System”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,079, entitled “Gaming Machine Accounting and Monitoring System”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,874, entitled “Cashless Gaming Apparatus and Method”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,957, entitled “Gaming Method and Host Computer with Ticket-In/Ticket-Out Capability”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,958, entitled “Gaming System with Ticket-In/Ticket-Out Capability”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,736,725, entitled “Gaming Method and Host Computer with Ticket-In/Ticket-Out Capability”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,275,991, entitled “Slot Machine with Ticket-In/Ticket-Out Capability”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,048,269, entitled “Coinless Slot Machine System and Method”. 
     In certain embodiments, rather than dispensing bills, coins, or a physical ticket having a monetary value to the player following receipt of an actuation of the cashout device, the payout device is configured to cause a payment to be provided to the player in the form of an electronic funds transfer, such as via a direct deposit into a bank account, a casino account, or a prepaid account of the player; via a transfer of funds onto an electronically recordable identification card or smart card of the player; or via sending a virtual ticket having a monetary value to an electronic device of the player. Examples of providing payment using virtual tickets are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,613,659, entitled “Virtual Ticket-In and Ticket-Out on a Gaming Machine”. 
     While any credit balances, any wagers, any values, and any awards are described herein as amounts of monetary credits or currency, one or more of such credit balances, such wagers, such values, and such awards may be for non-monetary credits, promotional credits, of player tracking points or credits. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one output device  1020  is a sound generating device controlled by one or more sound cards. In one such embodiment, the sound generating device includes one or more speakers or other sound generating hardware and/or software configured to generate sounds, such as by playing music for any games or by playing music for other modes of the EGM, such as an attract mode. The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a plurality of speakers  2150 . In another such embodiment, the EGM provides dynamic sounds coupled with attractive multimedia images displayed on one or more of the display devices to provide an audio-visual representation or to otherwise display full-motion video with sound to attract players to the EGM. In certain embodiments, the EGM displays a sequence of audio and/or visual attraction messages during idle periods to attract potential players to the EGM. The videos may be customized to provide any appropriate information. 
     The at least one input device  1030  may include any suitable device that enables an input signal to be produced and received by the at least one processor  1010  of the EGM. 
     In one embodiment, the at least one input device  1030  includes a payment device configured to communicate with the at least one processor of the EGM to fund the EGM. In certain embodiments, the payment device includes one or more of: (a) a bill acceptor into which paper money is inserted to fund the EGM; (b) a ticket acceptor into which a ticket or a voucher is inserted to fund the EGM; (c) a coin slot into which coins or tokens are inserted to fund the EGM; (d) a reader or a validator for credit cards, debit cards, or credit slips into which a credit card, debit card, or credit slip is inserted to fund the EGM; (e) a player identification card reader into which a player identification card is inserted to fund the EGM; or (f) any suitable combination thereof. The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a combined bill and ticket acceptor  2128  and a coin slot  2126 . 
     In one embodiment, the at least one input device  1030  includes a payment device configured to enable the EGM to be funded via an electronic funds transfer, such as a transfer of funds from a bank account. In another embodiment, the EGM includes a payment device configured to communicate with a mobile device of a player, such as a mobile phone, a radio frequency identification tag, or any other suitable wired or wireless device, to retrieve relevant information associated with that player to fund the EGM. Examples of funding an EGM via communication between the EGM and a mobile device (such as a mobile phone) of a player are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0344942, entitled “Avatar as Security Measure for Mobile Device Use with Electronic Gaming Machine”. When the EGM is funded, the at least one processor determines the amount of funds entered and displays the corresponding amount on a credit display or any other suitable display as described below. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one input device  1030  includes at least one wagering or betting device. In various embodiments, the one or more wagering or betting devices are each: (1) a mechanical button supported by the housing of the EGM (such as a hard key or a programmable soft key), or (2) an icon displayed on a display device of the EGM (described below) that is actuatable via a touch screen of the EGM (described below) or via use of a suitable input device of the EGM (such as a mouse or a joystick). One such wagering or betting device is as a maximum wager or bet device that, when actuated, causes the EGM to place a maximum wager on a play of a game. Another such wagering or betting device is a repeat bet device that, when actuated, causes the EGM to place a wager that is equal to the previously-placed wager on a play of a game. A further such wagering or betting device is a bet one device that, when actuated, causes the EGM to increase the wager by one credit. Generally, upon actuation of one of the wagering or betting devices, the quantity of credits displayed in a credit meter (described below) decreases by the amount of credits wagered, while the quantity of credits displayed in a bet display (described below) increases by the amount of credits wagered. 
     In various embodiments, the at least one input device  1030  includes at least one game play activation device. In various embodiments, the one or more game play initiation devices are each: (1) a mechanical button supported by the housing of the EGM (such as a hard key or a programmable soft key), or (2) an icon displayed on a display device of the EGM (described below) that is actuatable via a touch screen of the EGM (described below) or via use of a suitable input device of the EGM (such as a mouse or a joystick). After a player appropriately funds the EGM and places a wager, the EGM activates the game play activation device to enable the player to actuate the game play activation device to initiate a play of a game on the EGM (or another suitable sequence of events associated with the EGM). After the EGM receives an actuation of the game play activation device, the EGM initiates the play of the game. The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a game play activation device in the form of a game play initiation button  2132 . In other embodiments, the EGM begins game play automatically upon appropriate funding rather than upon utilization of the game play activation device. 
     In other embodiments, the at least one input device  1030  includes a cashout device. In various embodiments, the cashout device is: (1) a mechanical button supported by the housing of the EGM (such as a hard key or a programmable soft key), or (2) an icon displayed on a display device of the EGM (described below) that is actuatable via a touch screen of the EGM (described below) or via use of a suitable input device of the EGM (such as a mouse or a joystick). When the EGM receives an actuation of the cashout device from a player and the player has a positive (i.e., greater-than-zero) credit balance, the EGM initiates a payout associated with the player&#39;s credit balance. The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a cashout device in the form of a cashout button  2134 . 
     In various embodiments, the at least one input device  1030  includes a plurality of buttons that are programmable by the EGM operator to, when actuated, cause the EGM to perform particular functions. For instance, such buttons may be hard keys, programmable soft keys, or icons icon displayed on a display device of the EGM (described below) that are actuatable via a touch screen of the EGM (described below) or via use of a suitable input device of the EGM (such as a mouse or a joystick). The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a plurality of such buttons  2130 . 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one input device  1030  includes a touch-screen coupled to a touch-screen controller or other touch-sensitive display overlay to enable interaction with any images displayed on a display device (as described below). One such input device is a conventional touch-screen button panel. The touch-screen and the touch-screen controller are connected to a video controller. In these embodiments, signals are input to the EGM by touching the touch screen at the appropriate locations. 
     In embodiments including a player tracking system, as further described below, the at least one input device  1030  includes a card reader in communication with the at least one processor of the EGM. The example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  each include a card reader  2138 . The card reader is configured to read a player identification card inserted into the card reader. 
     The at least one wireless communication component  1056  includes one or more communication interfaces having different architectures and utilizing a variety of protocols, such as (but not limited to) 802.11 (WiFi); 802.15 (including Bluetooth™); 802.16 (WiMax); 802.22; cellular standards such as CDMA, CDMA2000, and WCDMA; Radio Frequency (e.g., RFID); infrared; and Near Field Magnetic communication protocols. The at least one wireless communication component  1056  transmits electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry digital data streams or analog signals representing various types of information. 
     The at least one wired/wireless power distribution component  1058  includes components or devices that are configured to provide power to other devices. For example, in one embodiment, the at least one power distribution component  1058  includes a magnetic induction system that is configured to provide wireless power to one or more user input devices near the EGM. In one embodiment, a user input device docking region is provided, and includes a power distribution component that is configured to recharge a user input device without requiring metal-to-metal contact. In one embodiment, the at least one power distribution component  1058  is configured to distribute power to one or more internal components of the EGM, such as one or more rechargeable power sources (e.g., rechargeable batteries) located at the EGM. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one sensor  1060  includes at least one of: optical sensors, pressure sensors, RF sensors, infrared sensors, image sensors, thermal sensors, and biometric sensors. The at least one sensor  1060  may be used for a variety of functions, such as: detecting movements and/or gestures of various objects within a predetermined proximity to the EGM; detecting the presence and/or identity of various persons (e.g., players, casino employees, etc.), devices (e.g., user input devices), and/or systems within a predetermined proximity to the EGM. 
     The at least one data preservation component  1062  is configured to detect or sense one or more events and/or conditions that, for example, may result in damage to the EGM and/or that may result in loss of information associated with the EGM. Additionally, the data preservation system  1062  may be operable to initiate one or more appropriate action(s) in response to the detection of such events/conditions. 
     The at least one motion/gesture analysis and interpretation component  1064  is configured to analyze and/or interpret information relating to detected player movements and/or gestures to determine appropriate player input information relating to the detected player movements and/or gestures. For example, in one embodiment, the at least one motion/gesture analysis and interpretation component  1064  is configured to perform one or more of the following functions: analyze the detected gross motion or gestures of a player; interpret the player&#39;s motion or gestures (e.g., in the context of a casino game being played) to identify instructions or input from the player; utilize the interpreted instructions/input to advance the game state; etc. In other embodiments, at least a portion of these additional functions may be implemented at a remote system or device. 
     The at least one portable power source  1068  enables the EGM to operate in a mobile environment. For example, in one embodiment, the EGM  300  includes one or more rechargeable batteries. 
     The at least one geolocation module  1076  is configured to acquire geolocation information from one or more remote sources and use the acquired geolocation information to determine information relating to a relative and/or absolute position of the EGM. For example, in one implementation, the at least one geolocation module  1076  is configured to receive GPS signal information for use in determining the position or location of the EGM. In another implementation, the at least one geolocation module  1076  is configured to receive multiple wireless signals from multiple remote devices (e.g., EGMs, servers, wireless access points, etc.) and use the signal information to compute position/location information relating to the position or location of the EGM. 
     The at least one user identification module  1077  is configured to determine the identity of the current user or current owner of the EGM. For example, in one embodiment, the current user is required to perform a login process at the EGM in order to access one or more features. Alternatively, the EGM is configured to automatically determine the identity of the current user based on one or more external signals, such as an RFID tag or badge worn by the current user and that provides a wireless signal to the EGM that is used to determine the identity of the current user. In at least one embodiment, various security features are incorporated into the EGM to prevent unauthorized users from accessing confidential or sensitive information. 
     The at least one information filtering module  1079  is configured to perform filtering (e.g., based on specified criteria) of selected information to be displayed at one or more displays  1035  of the EGM. 
     In various embodiments, the EGM includes a plurality of communication ports configured to enable the at least one processor of the EGM to communicate with and to operate with external peripherals, such as: accelerometers, arcade sticks, bar code readers, bill validators, biometric input devices, bonus devices, button panels, card readers, coin dispensers, coin hoppers, display screens or other displays or video sources, expansion buses, information panels, keypads, lights, mass storage devices, microphones, motion sensors, motors, printers, reels, SCSI ports, solenoids, speakers, thumbsticks, ticket readers, touch screens, trackballs, touchpads, wheels, and wireless communication devices. U.S. Pat. No. 7,290,072 describes a variety of EGMs including one or more communication ports that enable the EGMs to communicate and operate with one or more external peripherals. 
     As generally described above, in certain embodiments, such as the example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the EGM has a support structure, housing, or cabinet that provides support for a plurality of the input devices and the output devices of the EGM. Further, the EGM is configured such that a player may operate it while standing or sitting. In various embodiments, the EGM is positioned on a base or stand, or is configured as a pub-style tabletop game (not shown) that a player may operate typically while sitting. As illustrated by the different example EGMs  2000   a  and  2000   b  shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , EGMs may have varying housing and display configurations. 
     In certain embodiments, the EGM is a device that has obtained approval from a regulatory gaming commission, and in other embodiments, the EGM is a device that has not obtained approval from a regulatory gaming commission. 
     The EGMs described above are merely three examples of different types of EGMs. Certain of these example EGMs may include one or more elements that may not be included in all gaming systems, and these example EGMs may not include one or more elements that are included in other gaming systems. For example, certain EGMs include a coin acceptor while others do not. 
     Operation of Primary or Base Games and/or Secondary or Bonus Games 
     In various embodiments, an EGM may be implemented in one of a variety of different configurations. In various embodiments, the EGM may be implemented as one of: (a) a dedicated EGM in which computerized game programs executable by the EGM for controlling any primary or base games (referred to herein as “primary games”) and/or any secondary or bonus games or other functions (referred to herein as “secondary games”) displayed by the EGM are provided with the EGM before delivery to a gaming establishment or before being provided to a player; and (b) a changeable EGM in which computerized game programs executable by the EGM for controlling any primary games and/or secondary games displayed by the EGM are downloadable or otherwise transferred to the EGM through a data network or remote communication link; from a USB drive, flash memory card, or other suitable memory device; or in any other suitable manner after the EGM is physically located in a gaming establishment or after the EGM is provided to a player. 
     As generally explained above, in various embodiments in which the gaming system includes a central server, central controller, or remote host and a changeable EGM, the at least one memory device of the central server, central controller, or remote host stores different game programs and instructions executable by the at least one processor of the changeable EGM to control one or more primary games and/or secondary games displayed by the changeable EGM. More specifically, each such executable game program represents a different game or a different type of game that the at least one changeable EGM is configured to operate. In one example, certain of the game programs are executable by the changeable EGM to operate games having the same or substantially the same game play but different paytables. In different embodiments, each executable game program is associated with a primary game, a secondary game, or both. In certain embodiments, an executable game program is executable by the at least one processor of the at least one changeable EGM as a secondary game to be played simultaneously with a play of a primary game (which may be downloaded to or otherwise stored on the at least one changeable EGM), or vice versa. 
     In operation of such embodiments, the central server, central controller, or remote host is configured to communicate one or more of the stored executable game programs to the at least one processor of the changeable EGM. In different embodiments, a stored executable game program is communicated or delivered to the at least one processor of the changeable EGM by: (a) embedding the executable game program in a device or a component (such as a microchip to be inserted into the changeable EGM); (b) writing the executable game program onto a disc or other media; or (c) uploading or streaming the executable game program over a data network (such as a dedicated data network). After the executable game program is communicated from the central server, central controller, or remote host to the changeable EGM, the at least one processor of the changeable EGM executes the executable game program to enable the primary game and/or the secondary game associated with that executable game program to be played using the display device(s) and/or the input device(s) of the changeable EGM. That is, when an executable game program is communicated to the at least one processor of the changeable EGM, the at least one processor of the changeable EGM changes the game or the type of game that may be played using the changeable EGM. 
     In certain embodiments, the gaming system randomly determines any game outcome(s) (such as a win outcome) and/or award(s) (such as a quantity of credits to award for the win outcome) for a play of a primary game and/or a play of a secondary game based on probability data. In certain such embodiments, this random determination is provided through utilization of an RNG, such as a true RNG or a pseudo RNG, or any other suitable randomization process. In one such embodiment, each game outcome or award is associated with a probability, and the gaming system generates the game outcome(s) and/or the award(s) to be provided based on the associated probabilities. In these embodiments, since the gaming system generates game outcomes and/or awards randomly or based on one or more probability calculations, there is no certainty that the gaming system will ever provide any specific game outcome and/or award. 
     In certain embodiments, the gaming system maintains one or more predetermined pools or sets of predetermined game outcomes and/or awards. In certain such embodiments, upon generation or receipt of a game outcome and/or award request, the gaming system independently selects one of the predetermined game outcomes and/or awards from the one or more pools or sets. The gaming system flags or marks the selected game outcome and/or award as used. Once a game outcome or an award is flagged as used, it is prevented from further selection from its respective pool or set; that is, the gaming system does not select that game outcome or award upon another game outcome and/or award request. The gaming system provides the selected game outcome and/or award. Examples of this type of award evaluation are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,470,183, entitled “Finite Pool Gaming Method and Apparatus”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,563,163, entitled “Gaming Device Including Outcome Pools for Providing Game Outcomes”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,833,092, entitled “Method and System for Compensating for Player Choice in a Game of Chance”; U.S. Pat. No. 8,070,579, entitled “Bingo System with Downloadable Common Patterns”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,398,472, entitled “Central Determination Poker Game”. 
     In certain embodiments, the gaming system determines a predetermined game outcome and/or award based on the results of a bingo, keno, or lottery game. In certain such embodiments, the gaming system utilizes one or more bingo, keno, or lottery games to determine the predetermined game outcome and/or award provided for a primary game and/or a secondary game. The gaming system is provided or associated with a bingo card. Each bingo card consists of a matrix or array of elements, wherein each element is designated with separate indicia. After a bingo card is provided, the gaming system randomly selects or draws a plurality of the elements. As each element is selected, a determination is made as to whether the selected element is present on the bingo card. If the selected element is present on the bingo card, that selected element on the provided bingo card is marked or flagged. This process of selecting elements and marking any selected elements on the provided bingo cards continues until one or more predetermined patterns are marked on one or more of the provided bingo cards. After one or more predetermined patterns are marked on one or more of the provided bingo cards, game outcome and/or award is determined based, at least in part, on the selected elements on the provided bingo cards. Examples of this type of award determination are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,774, entitled “Using Multiple Bingo Cards to Represent Multiple Slot Paylines and Other Class III Game Options”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,581, entitled “Multi-Player Bingo Game with Multiple Alternative Outcome Displays”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,955,170, entitled “Providing Non-Bingo Outcomes for a Bingo Game”; U.S. Pat. No. 8,070,579, entitled “Bingo System with Downloadable Common Patterns”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,500,538, entitled “Bingo Gaming System and Method for Providing Multiple Outcomes from Single Bingo Pattern”. 
     In certain embodiments in which the gaming system includes a central server, central controller, or remote host and an EGM, the EGM is configured to communicate with the central server, central controller, or remote host for monitoring purposes only. In such embodiments, the EGM determines the game outcome(s) and/or award(s) to be provided in any of the manners described above, and the central server, central controller, or remote host monitors the activities and events occurring on the EGM. In one such embodiment, the gaming system includes a real-time or online accounting and gaming information system configured to communicate with the central server, central controller, or remote host. In this embodiment, the accounting and gaming information system includes: (a) a player database configured to store player profiles, (b) a player tracking module configured to track players (as described below), and (c) a credit system configured to provide automated transactions. Examples of such accounting systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,913,534, entitled “Gaming Machine Having a Lottery Game and Capability for Integration with Gaming Device Accounting System and Player Tracking System,” and U.S. Pat. No. 8,597,116, entitled “Virtual Player Tracking and Related Services”. 
     As noted above, in various embodiments, the gaming system includes one or more executable game programs executable by at least one processor of the gaming system to provide one or more primary games and one or more secondary games. The primary game(s) and the secondary game(s) may comprise any suitable games and/or wagering games, such as, but not limited to: electro-mechanical or video slot or spinning reel type games; video card games such as video draw poker, multi-hand video draw poker, other video poker games, video blackjack games, and video baccarat games; video keno games; video bingo games; and video selection games. 
     In certain embodiments in which the primary game is a slot or spinning reel type game, the gaming system includes one or more reels in either an electromechanical form with mechanical rotating reels or in a video form with simulated reels and movement thereof. Each reel displays a plurality of indicia or symbols, such as bells, hearts, fruits, numbers, letters, bars, or other images that typically correspond to a theme associated with the gaming system. In certain such embodiments, the gaming system includes one or more paylines associated with the reels. The example EGM  2000   b  shown in  FIG. 4B  includes a payline  1152  and a plurality of reels  1154 . In certain embodiments, one or more of the reels are independent reels or unisymbol reels. In such embodiments, each independent reel generates and displays one symbol. 
     In various embodiments, one or more of the paylines is horizontal, vertical, circular, diagonal, angled, or any suitable combination thereof. In other embodiments, each of one or more of the paylines is associated with a plurality of adjacent symbol display areas on a requisite number of adjacent reels. In one such embodiment, one or more paylines are formed between at least two symbol display areas that are adjacent to each other by either sharing a common side or sharing a common corner (i.e., such paylines are connected paylines). The gaming system enables a wager to be placed on one or more of such paylines to activate such paylines. In other embodiments in which one or more paylines are formed between at least two adjacent symbol display areas, the gaming system enables a wager to be placed on a plurality of symbol display areas, which activates those symbol display areas. 
     In various embodiments, the gaming system provides one or more awards after a spin of the reels when specified types and/or configurations of the indicia or symbols on the reels occur on an active payline or otherwise occur in a winning pattern, occur on the requisite number of adjacent reels, and/or occur in a scatter pay arrangement. 
     In certain embodiments, the gaming system employs a ways to win award determination. In these embodiments, any outcome to be provided is determined based on a number of associated symbols that are generated in active symbol display areas on the requisite number of adjacent reels (i.e., not on paylines passing through any displayed winning symbol combinations). If a winning symbol combination is generated on the reels, one award for that occurrence of the generated winning symbol combination is provided. Examples of ways to win award determinations are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,012,011, entitled “Gaming Device and Method Having Independent Reels and Multiple Ways of Winning”; U.S. Pat. No. 8,241,104, entitled “Gaming Device and Method Having Designated Rules for Determining Ways To Win”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,430,739, entitled “Gaming System and Method Having Wager Dependent Different Symbol Evaluations”. 
     In various embodiments, the gaming system includes a progressive award. Typically, a progressive award includes an initial amount and an additional amount funded through a portion of each wager placed to initiate a play of a primary game. When one or more triggering events occurs, the gaming system provides at least a portion of the progressive award. After the gaming system provides the progressive award, an amount of the progressive award is reset to the initial amount and a portion of each subsequent wager is allocated to the next progressive award. Examples of progressive gaming systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,585,223, entitled “Server Based Gaming System Having Multiple Progressive Awards”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,651,392, entitled “Gaming Device System Having Partial Progressive Payout”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,666,093, entitled “Gaming Method and Device Involving Progressive Wagers”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,780,523, entitled “Server Based Gaming System Having Multiple Progressive Awards”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,337,298, entitled “Gaming Device Having Multiple Different Types of Progressive Awards”. 
     As generally noted above, in addition to providing winning credits or other awards for one or more plays of the primary game(s), in various embodiments the gaming system provides credits or other awards for one or more plays of one or more secondary games. The secondary game typically enables an award to be obtained addition to any award obtained through play of the primary game(s). The secondary game(s) typically produces a higher level of player excitement than the primary game(s) because the secondary game(s) provides a greater expectation of winning than the primary game(s) and is accompanied with more attractive or unusual features than the primary game(s). The secondary game(s) may be any type of suitable game, either similar to or completely different from the primary game. 
     In various embodiments, the gaming system automatically provides or initiates the secondary game upon the occurrence of a triggering event or the satisfaction of a qualifying condition. In other embodiments, the gaming system initiates the secondary game upon the occurrence of the triggering event or the satisfaction of the qualifying condition and upon receipt of an initiation input. In certain embodiments, the triggering event or qualifying condition is a selected outcome in the primary game(s) or a particular arrangement of one or more indicia on a display device for a play of the primary game(s), such as a “BONUS” symbol appearing on three adjacent reels along a payline following a spin of the reels for a play of the primary game. In other embodiments, the triggering event or qualifying condition occurs based on a certain amount of game play (such as number of games, number of credits, amount of time) being exceeded, or based on a specified number of points being earned during game play. Any suitable triggering event or qualifying condition or any suitable combination of a plurality of different triggering events or qualifying conditions may be employed. 
     In other embodiments, at least one processor of the gaming system randomly determines when to provide one or more plays of one or more secondary games. In one such embodiment, no apparent reason is provided for providing the secondary game. In this embodiment, qualifying for a secondary game is not triggered by the occurrence of an event in any primary game or based specifically on any of the plays of any primary game. That is, qualification is provided without any explanation or, alternatively, with a simple explanation. In another such embodiment, the gaming system determines qualification for a secondary game at least partially based on a game triggered or symbol triggered event, such as at least partially based on play of a primary game. 
     In various embodiments, after qualification for a secondary game has been determined, the secondary game participation may be enhanced through continued play on the primary game. Thus, in certain embodiments, for each secondary game qualifying event, such as a secondary game symbol, that is obtained, a given number of secondary game wagering points or credits is accumulated in a “secondary game meter” configured to accrue the secondary game wagering credits or entries toward eventual participation in the secondary game. In one such embodiment, the occurrence of multiple such secondary game qualifying events in the primary game results in an arithmetic or exponential increase in the number of secondary game wagering credits awarded. In another such embodiment, any extra secondary game wagering credits may be redeemed during the secondary game to extend play of the secondary game. 
     In certain embodiments, no separate entry fee or buy-in for the secondary game is required. That is, entry into the secondary game cannot be purchased; rather, in these embodiments entry must be won or earned through play of the primary game, thereby encouraging play of the primary game. In other embodiments, qualification for the secondary game is accomplished through a simple “buy-in.” For example, qualification through other specified activities is unsuccessful, payment of a fee or placement of an additional wager “buys-in” to the secondary game. In certain embodiments, a separate side wager must be placed on the secondary game or a wager of a designated amount must be placed on the primary game to enable qualification for the secondary game. In these embodiments, the secondary game triggering event must occur and the side wager (or designated primary game wager amount) must have been placed for the secondary game to trigger. 
     In various embodiments in which the gaming system includes a plurality of EGMs, the EGMs are configured to communicate with one another to provide a group gaming environment. In certain such embodiments, the EGMs enable players of those EGMs to work in conjunction with one another, such as by enabling the players to play together as a team or group, to win one or more awards. In other such embodiments, the EGMs enable players of those EGMs to compete against one another for one or more awards. In one such embodiment, the EGMs enable the players of those EGMs to participate in one or more gaming tournaments for one or more awards. Examples of group gaming systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,070,583, entitled “Server Based Gaming System and Method for Selectively Providing One or More Different Tournaments”; U.S. Pat. No. 8,500,548, entitled “Gaming System and Method for Providing Team Progressive Awards”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,562,423, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Rewarding Multiple Game Players for a Single Win”. 
     In various embodiments, the gaming system includes one or more player tracking systems. Such player tracking systems enable operators of the gaming system (such as casinos or other gaming establishments) to recognize the value of customer loyalty by identifying frequent customers and rewarding them for their patronage. Such a player tracking system is configured to track a player&#39;s gaming activity. In one such embodiment, the player tracking system does so through the use of player tracking cards. In this embodiment, a player is issued a player identification card that has an encoded player identification number that uniquely identifies the player. When the player&#39;s playing tracking card is inserted into a card reader of the gaming system to begin a gaming session, the card reader reads the player identification number off the player tracking card to identify the player. The gaming system timely tracks any suitable information or data relating to the identified player&#39;s gaming session. The gaming system also timely tracks when the player tracking card is removed to conclude play for that gaming session. In another embodiment, rather than requiring insertion of a player tracking card into the card reader, the gaming system utilizes one or more portable devices, such as a mobile phone, a radio frequency identification tag, or any other suitable wireless device, to track when a gaming session begins and ends. In another embodiment, the gaming system utilizes any suitable biometric technology or ticket technology to track when a gaming session begins and ends. 
     In such embodiments, during one or more gaming sessions, the gaming system tracks any suitable information or data, such as any amounts wagered, average wager amounts, and/or the time at which these wagers are placed. In different embodiments, for one or more players, the player tracking system includes the player&#39;s account number, the player&#39;s card number, the player&#39;s first name, the player&#39;s surname, the player&#39;s preferred name, the player&#39;s player tracking ranking, any promotion status associated with the player&#39;s player tracking card, the player&#39;s address, the player&#39;s birthday, the player&#39;s anniversary, the player&#39;s recent gaming sessions, or any other suitable data. In various embodiments, such tracked information and/or any suitable feature associated with the player tracking system is displayed on a player tracking display. In various embodiments, such tracked information and/or any suitable feature associated with the player tracking system is displayed via one or more service windows that are displayed on the central display device and/or the upper display device. Examples of player tracking systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,722,985, entitled “Universal Player Tracking System”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,908,387, entitled “Player Tracking Communication Mechanisms in a Gaming Machine”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,311,605, entitled “Player Tracking Assembly for Complete Patron Tracking for Both Gaming and Non-Gaming Casino Activity”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,611,411, entitled “Player Tracking Instruments Having Multiple Communication Modes”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,617,151, entitled “Alternative Player Tracking Techniques”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,057,298, entitled “Virtual Player Tracking and Related Services”. 
     Web-based gaming 
     In various embodiments, the gaming system includes one or more servers configured to communicate with a personal gaming device—such as a smartphone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer—to enable web-based game play using the personal gaming device. In various embodiments, the player must first access a gaming website via an Internet browser of the personal gaming device or execute an application (commonly called an “app”) installed on the personal gaming device before the player can use the personal gaming device to participate in web-based game play. In certain embodiments, the one or more servers and the personal gaming device operate in a thin-client environment. In these embodiments, the personal gaming device receives inputs via one or more input devices (such as a touch screen and/or physical buttons), the personal gaming device sends the received inputs to the one or more servers, the one or more servers make various determinations based on the inputs and determine content to be displayed (such as a randomly determined game outcome and corresponding award), the one or more servers send the content to the personal gaming device, and the personal gaming device displays the content. 
     In certain such embodiments, the one or more servers must identify the player before enabling game play on the personal gaming device (or, in some embodiments, before enabling monetary wager-based game play on the personal gaming device). In these embodiments, the player must identify herself to the one or more servers, such as by inputting the player&#39;s unique username and password combination (or in any other manners described above. 
     Once identified, the one or more servers enable the player to establish an account balance from which the player can draw credits usable to wager on plays of a game. In certain embodiments, the one or more servers enable the player to initiate an electronic funds transfer to transfer funds from a bank account to the player&#39;s account balance. In other embodiments, the one or more servers enable the player to make a payment using the player&#39;s credit card, debit card, or other suitable device to add money to the player&#39;s account balance. In other embodiments, the one or more servers enable the player to add money to the player&#39;s account balance via a peer-to-peer type application, such as PayPal or Venmo. The one or more servers also enable the player to cash out the player&#39;s account balance (or part of it) in any suitable manner, such as via an electronic funds transfer or by initiating creation of a paper check that is mailed to the player. 
     In certain embodiments, the one or more servers include a payment server that handles establishing and cashing out players&#39; account balances and a separate game server configured to determine the outcome and any associated award for a play of a game. In these embodiments, the game server is configured to communicate with the personal gaming device and the payment device, and the personal gaming device and the payment device are not configured to directly communicate with one another. In these embodiments, when the game server receives data representing a request to start a play of a game at a desired wager, the game server sends data representing the desired wager to the payment server. The payment server determines whether the player&#39;s account balance can cover the desired wager (i.e., includes a monetary balance at least equal to the desired wager). 
     If the payment server determines that the player&#39;s account balance cannot cover the desired wager, the payment server notifies the game server, which then instructs the personal gaming device to display a suitable notification to the player that the player&#39;s account balance is too low to place the desired wager. If the payment server determines that the player&#39;s account balance can cover the desired wager, the payment server deducts the desired wager from the account balance and notifies the game server. The game server then determines an outcome and any associated award for the play of the game. The game server notifies the payment server of any nonzero award, and the payment server increases the player&#39;s account balance by the nonzero award. The game server sends data representing the outcome and any award to the personal gaming device, which displays the outcome and any award. 
     In certain embodiments, the one or more servers enable web-based game play using a personal gaming device only if the personal gaming device satisfies one or more jurisdictional requirements. In one embodiment, the one or more servers enable web-based game play using the personal gaming device only if the personal gaming device is located within a designated geographic area (such as within certain state or county lines). In this embodiment, the geolocation module of the personal gaming device determines the location of the personal gaming device and sends the location to the one or more servers, which determine whether the personal gaming device is located within the designated geographic area. In various embodiments, the one or more servers enable non-monetary wager-based game play if the personal gaming device is located outside of the designated geographic area. 
     In various embodiments, the gaming system includes an EGM configured to communicate with a personal gaming device—such as a smartphone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer—to enable tethered mobile game play using the personal gaming device. Generally, in these embodiments, the EGM establishes communication with the personal gaming device and enables the player to play games on the EGM remotely via the personal gaming device. In certain embodiments, the gaming system includes a geo-fence system that enables tethered game play within a particular geographic area but not outside of that geographic area. Examples of tethering an EGM to a personal gaming device and geo-fencing are described in U.S. Patent Appl. Pub. No. 2013/0267324, entitled “Remote Gaming Method Allowing Temporary Inactivation Without Terminating Playing Session Due to Game Inactivity”. 
     Social Network Integration 
     In certain embodiments, the gaming system is configured to communicate with a social network server that hosts or partially hosts a social networking website via a data network (such as the Internet) to integrate a player&#39;s gaming experience with the player&#39;s social networking account. This enables the gaming system to send certain information to the social network server that the social network server can use to create content (such as text, an image, and/or a video) and post it to the player&#39;s wall, newsfeed, or similar area of the social networking website accessible by the player&#39;s connections (and in certain cases the public) such that the player&#39;s connections can view that information. This also enables the gaming system to receive certain information from the social network server, such as the player&#39;s likes or dislikes or the player&#39;s list of connections. In certain embodiments, the gaming system enables the player to link the player&#39;s player account to the player&#39;s social networking account(s). This enables the gaming system to, once it identifies the player and initiates a gaming session (such as via the player logging in to a website (or an application) on the player&#39;s personal gaming device or via the player inserting the player&#39;s player tracking card into an EGM), link that gaming session to the player&#39;s social networking account(s). In other embodiments, the gaming system enables the player to link the player&#39;s social networking account(s) to individual gaming sessions when desired by providing the required login information. 
     For instance, in one embodiment, if a player wins a particular award (e.g., a progressive award or a jackpot award) or an award that exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., an award exceeding $1,000), the gaming system sends information about the award to the social network server to enable the server to create associated content (such as a screenshot of the outcome and associated award) and to post that content to the player&#39;s wall (or other suitable area) of the social networking website for the player&#39;s connections to see (and to entice them to play). In another embodiment, if a player joins a multiplayer game and there is another seat available, the gaming system sends that information to the social network sever to enable the server to create associated content (such as text indicating a vacancy for that particular game) and to post that content to the player&#39;s wall (or other suitable area) of the social networking website for the player&#39;s connections to see (and to entice them to fill the vacancy). In another embodiment, if the player consents, the gaming system sends advertisement information or offer information to the social network server to enable the social network server to create associated content (such as text or an image reflecting an advertisement and/or an offer) and to post that content to the player&#39;s wall (or other suitable area) of the social networking website for the player&#39;s connections to see. In another embodiment, the gaming system enables the player to recommend a game to the player&#39;s connections by posting a recommendation to the player&#39;s wall (or other suitable area) of the social networking website. 
     Differentiating Certain Gaming Systems from General Purpose Computing Devices 
     Certain of the gaming systems described herein, such as EGMs located in a casino or another gaming establishment, include certain components and/or are configured to operate in certain manners that differentiate these systems from general purpose computing devices, i.e., certain personal gaming devices such as desktop computers and laptop computers. 
     For instance, EGMs are highly regulated to ensure fairness and, in many cases, EGMs are configured to award monetary awards up to multiple millions of dollars. To satisfy security and regulatory requirements in a gaming environment, hardware and/or software architectures are implemented in EGMs that differ significantly from those of general purpose computing devices. For purposes of illustration, a description of EGMs relative to general purpose computing devices and some examples of these additional (or different) hardware and/or software architectures found in EGMs are described below. 
     At first glance, one might think that adapting general purpose computing device technologies to the gaming industry and EGMs would be a simple proposition because both general purpose computing devices and EGMs employ processors that control a variety of devices. However, due to at least: (1) the regulatory requirements placed on EGMs, (2) the harsh environment in which EGMs operate, (3) security requirements, and (4) fault tolerance requirements, adapting general purpose computing device technologies to EGMs can be quite difficult. Further, techniques and methods for solving a problem in the general purpose computing device industry, such as device compatibility and connectivity issues, might not be adequate in the gaming industry. For instance, a fault or a weakness tolerated in a general purpose computing device, such as security holes in software or frequent crashes, is not tolerated in an EGM because in an EGM these faults can lead to a direct loss of funds from the EGM, such as stolen cash or loss of revenue when the EGM is not operating properly or when the random outcome determination is manipulated. 
     Certain differences between general purpose computing devices and EGMs are described below. A first difference between EGMs and general purpose computing devices is that EGMs are state-based systems. A state-based system stores and maintains its current state in a non-volatile memory such that, in the event of a power failure or other malfunction, the state-based system can return to that state when the power is restored or the malfunction is remedied. For instance, for a state-based EGM, if the EGM displays an award for a game of chance but the power to the EGM fails before the EGM provides the award to the player, the EGM stores the pre-power failure state in a non-volatile memory, returns to that state upon restoration of power, and provides the award to the player. This requirement affects the software and hardware design on EGMs. General purpose computing devices are not state-based machines, and a majority of data is usually lost when a malfunction occurs on a general purpose computing device. 
     A second difference between EGMs and general purpose computing devices is that, for regulatory purposes, the software on the EGM utilized to operate the EGM has been designed to be static and monolithic to prevent cheating by the operator of the EGM. For instance, one solution that has been employed in the gaming industry to prevent cheating and to satisfy regulatory requirements has been to manufacture an EGM that can use a proprietary processor running instructions to provide the game of chance from an EPROM or other form of non-volatile memory. The coding instructions on the EPROM are static (non-changeable) and must be approved by a gaming regulators in a particular jurisdiction and installed in the presence of a person representing the gaming jurisdiction. Any changes to any part of the software required to generate the game of chance, such as adding a new device driver used to operate a device during generation of the game of chance, can require burning a new EPROM approved by the gaming jurisdiction and reinstalling the new EPROM on the EGM in the presence of a gaming regulator. Regardless of whether the EPROM solution is used, to gain approval in most gaming jurisdictions, an EGM must demonstrate sufficient safeguards that prevent an operator or a player of an EGM from manipulating the EGM&#39;s hardware and software in a manner that gives him an unfair, and in some cases illegal, advantage. 
     A third difference between EGMs and general purpose computing devices is authentication—EGMs storing code are configured to authenticate the code to determine if the code is unaltered before executing the code. If the code has been altered, the EGM prevents the code from being executed. The code authentication requirements in the gaming industry affect both hardware and software designs on EGMs. Certain EGMs use hash functions to authenticate code. For instance, one EGM stores game program code, a hash function, and an authentication hash (which may be encrypted). Before executing the game program code, the EGM hashes the game program code using the hash function to obtain a result hash and compares the result hash to the authentication hash. If the result hash matches the authentication hash, the EGM determines that the game program code is valid and executes the game program code. If the result hash does not match the authentication hash, the EGM determines that the game program code has been altered (i.e., may have been tampered with) and prevents execution of the game program code. Examples of EGM code authentication are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,962,530, entitled “Authentication in a Secure Computerized Gaming System”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,043,641, entitled “Encryption in a Secure Computerized Gaming System”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,201,662, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Software Authentication”; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,627,097, entitled “System and Method Enabling Parallel Processing of Hash Functions Using Authentication Checkpoint Hashes”. 
     A fourth difference between EGMs and general purpose computing devices is that EGMs have unique peripheral device requirements that differ from those of a general purpose computing device, such as peripheral device security requirements not usually addressed by general purpose computing devices. For instance, monetary devices, such as coin dispensers, bill validators, and ticket printers and computing devices that are used to govern the input and output of cash or other items having monetary value (such as tickets) to and from an EGM have security requirements that are not typically addressed in general purpose computing devices. Therefore, many general purpose computing device techniques and methods developed to facilitate device connectivity and device compatibility do not address the emphasis placed on security in the gaming industry. 
     To address some of the issues described above, a number of hardware/software components and architectures are utilized in EGMs that are not typically found in general purpose computing devices. These hardware/software components and architectures, as described below in more detail, include but are not limited to watchdog timers, voltage monitoring systems, state-based software architecture and supporting hardware, specialized communication interfaces, security monitoring, and trusted memory. 
     Certain EGMs use a watchdog timer to provide a software failure detection mechanism. In a normally-operating EGM, the operating software periodically accesses control registers in the watchdog timer subsystem to “re-trigger” the watchdog. Should the operating software fail to access the control registers within a preset timeframe, the watchdog timer will timeout and generate a system reset. Typical watchdog timer circuits include a loadable timeout counter register to enable the operating software to set the timeout interval within a certain range of time. A differentiating feature of some circuits is that the operating software cannot completely disable the function of the watchdog timer. In other words, the watchdog timer always functions from the time power is applied to the board. 
     Certain EGMs use several power supply voltages to operate portions of the computer circuitry. These can be generated in a central power supply or locally on the computer board. If any of these voltages falls out of the tolerance limits of the circuitry they power, unpredictable operation of the EGM may result. Though most modern general purpose computing devices include voltage monitoring circuitry, these types of circuits only report voltage status to the operating software. Out of tolerance voltages can cause software malfunction, creating a potential uncontrolled condition in the general purpose computing device. Certain EGMs have power supplies with relatively tighter voltage margins than that required by the operating circuitry. In addition, the voltage monitoring circuitry implemented in certain EGMs typically has two thresholds of control. The first threshold generates a software event that can be detected by the operating software and an error condition then generated. This threshold is triggered when a power supply voltage falls out of the tolerance range of the power supply, but is still within the operating range of the circuitry. The second threshold is set when a power supply voltage falls out of the operating tolerance of the circuitry. In this case, the circuitry generates a reset, halting operation of the EGM. 
     As described above, certain EGMs are state-based machines. Different functions of the game provided by the EGM (e.g., bet, play, result, points in the graphical presentation, etc.) may be defined as a state. When the EGM moves a game from one state to another, the EGM stores critical data regarding the game software in a custom non-volatile memory subsystem. This ensures that the player&#39;s wager and credits are preserved and to minimize potential disputes in the event of a malfunction on the EGM. In general, the EGM does not advance from a first state to a second state until critical information that enables the first state to be reconstructed has been stored. This feature enables the EGM to recover operation to the current state of play in the event of a malfunction, loss of power, etc. that occurred just before the malfunction. In at least one embodiment, the EGM is configured to store such critical information using atomic transactions. 
     Generally, an atomic operation in computer science refers to a set of operations that can be combined so that they appear to the rest of the system to be a single operation with only two possible outcomes: success or failure. As related to data storage, an atomic transaction may be characterized as series of database operations which either all occur, or all do not occur. A guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to the database occurring only partially, which can result in data corruption. 
     To ensure the success of atomic transactions relating to critical information to be stored in the EGM memory before a failure event (e.g., malfunction, loss of power, etc.), memory that includes one or more of the following criteria be used: direct memory access capability; data read/write capability which meets or exceeds minimum read/write access characteristics (such as at least 5.08 Mbytes/sec (Read) and/or at least 38.0 Mbytes/sec (Write)). Memory devices that meet or exceed the above criteria may be referred to as “fault-tolerant” memory devices. 
     Typically, battery-backed RAM devices may be configured to function as fault-tolerant devices according to the above criteria, whereas flash RAM and/or disk drive memory are typically not configurable to function as fault-tolerant devices according to the above criteria. Accordingly, battery-backed RAM devices are typically used to preserve EGM critical data, although other types of non-volatile memory devices may be employed. These memory devices are typically not used in typical general purpose computing devices. 
     Thus, in at least one embodiment, the EGM is configured to store critical information in fault-tolerant memory (e.g., battery-backed RAM devices) using atomic transactions. Further, in at least one embodiment, the fault-tolerant memory is able to successfully complete all desired atomic transactions (e.g., relating to the storage of EGM critical information) within a time period of 200 milliseconds or less. In at least one embodiment, the time period of 200 milliseconds represents a maximum amount of time for which sufficient power may be available to the various EGM components after a power outage event has occurred at the EGM. 
     As described previously, the EGM may not advance from a first state to a second state until critical information that enables the first state to be reconstructed has been atomically stored. After the state of the EGM is restored during the play of a game of chance, game play may resume and the game may be completed in a manner that is no different than if the malfunction had not occurred. Thus, for example, when a malfunction occurs during a game of chance, the EGM may be restored to a state in the game of chance just before when the malfunction occurred. The restored state may include metering information and graphical information that was displayed on the EGM in the state before the malfunction. For example, when the malfunction occurs during the play of a card game after the cards have been dealt, the EGM may be restored with the cards that were previously displayed as part of the card game. As another example, a bonus game may be triggered during the play of a game of chance in which a player is required to make a number of selections on a video display screen. When a malfunction has occurred after the player has made one or more selections, the EGM may be restored to a state that shows the graphical presentation just before the malfunction including an indication of selections that have already been made by the player. In general, the EGM may be restored to any state in a plurality of states that occur in the game of chance that occurs while the game of chance is played or to states that occur between the play of a game of chance. 
     Game history information regarding previous games played such as an amount wagered, the outcome of the game, and the like may also be stored in a non-volatile memory device. The information stored in the non-volatile memory may be detailed enough to reconstruct a portion of the graphical presentation that was previously presented on the EGM and the state of the EGM (e.g., credits) at the time the game of chance was played. The game history information may be utilized in the event of a dispute. For example, a player may decide that in a previous game of chance that they did not receive credit for an award that they believed they won. The game history information may be used to reconstruct the state of the EGM before, during, and/or after the disputed game to demonstrate whether the player was correct or not in the player&#39;s assertion. Examples of a state-based EGM, recovery from malfunctions, and game history are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,763, entitled “High Performance Battery Backed RAM Interface”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,863,608, entitled “Frame Capture of Actual Game Play”; U.S. Pat. No. 7,111,141, entitled “Dynamic NV-RAM”; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,384,339, entitled, “Frame Capture of Actual Game Play”. 
     Another feature of EGMs is that they often include unique interfaces, including serial interfaces, to connect to specific subsystems internal and external to the EGM. The serial devices may have electrical interface requirements that differ from the “standard” EIA serial interfaces provided by general purpose computing devices. These interfaces may include, for example, Fiber Optic Serial, optically coupled serial interfaces, current loop style serial interfaces, etc. In addition, to conserve serial interfaces internally in the EGM, serial devices may be connected in a shared, daisy-chain fashion in which multiple peripheral devices are connected to a single serial channel. 
     The serial interfaces may be used to transmit information using communication protocols that are unique to the gaming industry. For example, IGT&#39;s Netplex is a proprietary communication protocol used for serial communication between EGMs. As another example, SAS is a communication protocol used to transmit information, such as metering information, from an EGM to a remote device. Often SAS is used in conjunction with a player tracking system. 
     Certain EGMs may alternatively be treated as peripheral devices to a casino communication controller and connected in a shared daisy chain fashion to a single serial interface. In both cases, the peripheral devices are assigned device addresses. If so, the serial controller circuitry must implement a method to generate or detect unique device addresses. General purpose computing device serial ports are not able to do this. 
     Security monitoring circuits detect intrusion into an EGM by monitoring security switches attached to access doors in the EGM cabinet. Access violations result in suspension of game play and can trigger additional security operations to preserve the current state of game play. These circuits also function when power is off by use of a battery backup. In power-off operation, these circuits continue to monitor the access doors of the EGM. When power is restored, the EGM can determine whether any security violations occurred while power was off, e.g., via software for reading status registers. This can trigger event log entries and further data authentication operations by the EGM software. 
     Trusted memory devices and/or trusted memory sources are included in an EGM to ensure the authenticity of the software that may be stored on less secure memory subsystems, such as mass storage devices. Trusted memory devices and controlling circuitry are typically designed to not enable modification of the code and data stored in the memory device while the memory device is installed in the EGM. The code and data stored in these devices may include authentication algorithms, random number generators, authentication keys, operating system kernels, etc. The purpose of these trusted memory devices is to provide gaming regulatory authorities a root trusted authority within the computing environment of the EGM that can be tracked and verified as original. This may be accomplished via removal of the trusted memory device from the EGM computer and verification of the secure memory device contents is a separate third party verification device. Once the trusted memory device is verified as authentic, and based on the approval of the verification algorithms included in the trusted device, the EGM is enabled to verify the authenticity of additional code and data that may be located in the gaming computer assembly, such as code and data stored on hard disk drives. Examples of trusted memory devices are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,567, entitled “Process Verification”. 
     In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the trusted memory devices/sources may correspond to memory that cannot easily be altered (e.g., “unalterable memory”) such as EPROMS, PROMS, Bios, Extended Bios, and/or other memory sources that are able to be configured, verified, and/or authenticated (e.g., for authenticity) in a secure and controlled manner. 
     According to one embodiment, when a trusted information source is in communication with a remote device via a network, the remote device may employ a verification scheme to verify the identity of the trusted information source. For example, the trusted information source and the remote device may exchange information using public and private encryption keys to verify each other&#39;s identities. In another embodiment, the remote device and the trusted information source may engage in methods using zero knowledge proofs to authenticate each of their respective identities. 
     EGMs storing trusted information may utilize apparatuses or methods to detect and prevent tampering. For instance, trusted information stored in a trusted memory device may be encrypted to prevent its misuse. In addition, the trusted memory device may be secured behind a locked door. Further, one or more sensors may be coupled to the memory device to detect tampering with the memory device and provide some record of the tampering. In yet another example, the memory device storing trusted information might be designed to detect tampering attempts and clear or erase itself when an attempt at tampering has been detected. Examples of trusted memory devices/sources are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,515,718, entitled “Secured Virtual Network in a Gaming Environment”. 
     Mass storage devices used in a general purpose computing devices typically enable code and data to be read from and written to the mass storage device. In a gaming environment, modification of the gaming code stored on a mass storage device is strictly controlled and would only be enabled under specific maintenance type events with electronic and physical enablers required. Though this level of security could be provided by software, EGMs that include mass storage devices include hardware level mass storage data protection circuitry that operates at the circuit level to monitor attempts to modify data on the mass storage device and will generate both software and hardware error triggers should a data modification be attempted without the proper electronic and physical enablers being present. Examples of using a mass storage device are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,522, entitled “Method of Authenticating Game Data Sets in an Electronic Casino Gaming System”. 
     Various changes and modifications to the present embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present subject matter and without diminishing its intended technical scope. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.