Patent Publication Number: US-3874379-A

Title: Manifold nebulizer system

Description:
[ Apr. 1, 1975 1 MANIFOLD NEBULIZER SYSTEM [75] Inventors: Stuart A. Enfield, Rutherford, N..l.;  
 Robert A. Gandi, New York, NY.  
 173] Assignee: Becton, Dickinson and Company,  
 East Rutherford, NJ.  
 1 Filed: Aug. 15,1973  
  21 J Appl.No.:388,486  
 [52] US. Cl. 128/194, 128/1458 [51] Int. Cl A62b 7/02 [58] Field of Search 128/194, 186, 187, 201,  
  128/203, 209, 142.2, 142.3, 142.4, 145.8, 2.08, DIG. 2, 192; 248/290, 291, 324, 339  
 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3.630.196 12/1971 Bird 128/194 3.064.337 5/1972 Lindsey 128/194 Primary Examiner-Richard A. Gaudet Assistant E.\&#39;aminer-Henry .l. Recla Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kane, Dalsimer, Kane, Sullivan and Kurucz [57] ABSTRACT A manifold nebulizer system for use in a breathing circuit. The system includes a nebulizer module and an exhaust module. The nebulizer module consists of a via] to contain liquid and has structure for producing an aerosol of liquid particles for entrainment in a stream of gas. The exhaust module has a valve for facilitating inhalation of the aerosol by the patient and removal of exhaled gases received from the patient. Adjustable surfaces are on the modules to permit relative movement therebetween. In this manner, the manifold nebulizer is capable of assembly into a multiplicity of flow line arrangements and positions.  
 1 Claim, 9 Drawing Figures PATENTED APR 3 1975 SHEET 2 OF 6 ATENTEB APR 1 I975 SHLEI 3 UP 6 PATENTEDAFR- H915 3.874.379 sum 5 ur g v PATENTEDAPR 1 ms sum s a;  
 um um MANIFOLD NEBULIZER SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There are many breathing systems in the marketplace today; in a multiplicity of designs depending upon the particular use for a particular patient. This is especially true when dealing with manifold nebulizer embodiments. In general. manifold nebulizers are used to add moisture or medicament to a gaseous flow to be inhaled by a patient. Need for introducing moisture or medicament into the gas stream in the most efficient and effective manner has brought about the development of a variety of different complicated and expensive devices.  
  It has also been determined that exhaust of the expired air from the patient can often create a problem in the more complicated and unwieldy systems. For maximum patient comfort and safety, it is necessary that upon inhalation he receive only unused (fresh) gas and medicament or moisture and upon exhalation means he provided for quickly and efficiently removing the exhaled gases.  
  With the above thoughts in mind, it is readily apparent that rather complicated and costly nebulizer systems are presently in use today. Additionally, these systems are usually relatively inflexible in design so that assembly into a complete air flow system can often become quite difficult.  
  It should also be kept in mind that, in view of the complicated and expensive systems presently in use, disposability has become relatively prohibitive. It would be desirable to have a disposable manifold nebuli-zer arrangement which is capable of adaption for a variety of different in-line connections and arrangements of its component parts and which can then be discarded after single patient use.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION With the above discussion in mind, the present invention deals with an inexpensive single patient manifold nebulizer system designed primarily to provide the user with the versatility necessary to conform to the numerous in-use configurations and functional requirements without the high cost inherent in reusable units.  
  In general. a manifold nebulizier designed for use in gas flow circuitry such as in a breathing circuit includes a nebulizer module consisting ofa cap portion containing a nebulizing chamber therein and a through passageway thereacross. Means are provided on the cap portion for connection to a main source of gas and to facilitate passage of said gas through the cap portion. The cap includes a depending skirt to receive in sealed relationship a vial designed to contain liquid. A means for connection to a gas source to drive the nebulizer means is provided. A nozzle depends inwardly of the cap in communication with the gas from the secondary source so as to direct the gas at high velocity into the nebulizing chamber. An aspiration tube is adjacent to and in fluid communication with the nozzle and extends into the liquid so that when gas passes through the nozzle the venturi effect will draw the liquid through the tube and facilitate entrainment of said liquid in particulate form within the gas. A baffle means depends from the nozzle to remove large liquid particles and provide the desired particle size distribution. Secondary means are in the cap to divert a portion of main gas flow into the nebulizing chamber and to direct a portion of the main flow of gas into communication with the aerosol created therein to aid in transferring the aerosol into the main gas flow passageway for discharge from the nebulizer module.  
  The manifold nebulizer also includes an exhaust module having a body portion which is removably connectable to the nebulizer module. An exhaust valve assembly is on the body portion and includes an exhaust opening. One end of the exhaust module is adapted to be coupled to a mouthpiece assembly for use by a patient. Adjustable surfaces are on the manifold nebulizer to permit relative movement between the modules thereof to thereby facilitate use of the nebulizer in a breathing circuit.  
  When the nebulizer is connected to a gas source and a patient inhales, a nebulized aerosol of gas and liquid particles will be inhaled. When the patient exhales, the valve assembly will open permitting the expired gas to pass through the exhaust opening and out of the circuit.  
  More specifically, the versatile modular configuration consisting of a nebulizer module and an exhaust module including a valve assembly are each capable of functioning independently. Alternatively, they can be combined to conform to the classical series configuration of modules or in a parallel nebulizer module and exhaust module configuration. The system is designed for intermittent positive pressure or ventilator usage.  
  With the above objectives, among others, in mind, reference is had to the attached drawings.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings:  
  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a series embodiment of the manifold nebulizer system of the invention shown in connection with a source of gas and a conduit for passage to a patient;  
  FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a series embodiment of the manifold nebulizer of the invention with arrows showing the direction of gas flow through the system in use;  
  FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional end elevation view thereof taken along the plane of line 3-3 of FIG. 1;  
  FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional end elevation view thereof taken along the plane of line 33 of FIG. 1 and showing alternative positions of the exhaust module portion of the system;  
  FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the post and post mounting portion of a series embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4;  
  FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a parallel embodiment of the manifold nebulizer system of the invention shown in connection with an air supply source and a patient;  
  FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of a parallel embodiment of the manifold nebulizer as shown in FIG. 6 with the thermometer port open to receive a thermometer;  
  FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view of the post portion of a parallel embodiment of the manifold nebulizer in connection with the two modules of the system; and  
  FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view thereof showing how the post is removed from the bracket portion of a module.  
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A manifold nebulizer system 20 as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes two major component modules. There invests is a nebulizer module 21 and an exhaust module The two modules are connected together and at the connection joint is a removable mounting post 23. The opposite side of the nebulizer module ii is connected to a supply hose A source of gas under pressure supplies gas through supply hose and to the system. A secondary small supply hose 25 is also connected to the source of gas.  
  The exhaust modules has its outlet side opposed to the nebulizer module which can be connected to a breathing hose which terminates in a mouthpiece 27 or other connector for transmittal to the patient. In one embodiment ofthe series configuration a small tube 28 connects the top of nebulizer module Zll to the top of exhaust module 22 via a pressure reducer 3&#39;7. in a second embodiment, tube 23a may be connected directly to the source of gas. All of the above discussed components of the system are of a disposable plastic material so that they may be used for a single patient and then disposed of after use.  
  Turning to consideration of specific details of the nebulizer module 2i, particular attention is directed to FIG. 2 of the drawings. The upper portion of the module includes a cap 2&#39;). A cylindrical inlet connection Bil extends laterally from one side of cap 29 and an outlet connection 31 extends laterally from the diametrically opposite side of cap 29. The central portion. of cap 29 is predominantly hollow on the inside. Connectors 3t]? and 31 are aligned and have aligned through passageways 32 and 33 respectively. The connectors are open to the exterior of the cap and passageways and 33; communicate to provide a continuous through passageway in cap 29. This is demonstrated by the arrows in FIG. 2.  
  Connectors fill and each have an amuilar flange 34 at the extreme end to form a grip ring for intercom nection with the cult of hose 24 as shown in FIG. i. This prevents blow -off of the hose 2% during operation of the system.  
  Extending upward from the central portion of cap 2.9 is a tubular projection with a passageway as therethrough. A pressurcreducer can be attached on the open upper end of tubular extension 35 in frictional engagement therewith. A supply tube 25 can be attached directly to projection as or to projection 38 on reducer 37 as shown. Reducer 37 also includes a lateral tubular portion 39 which has a passageway ull therethrough communicating with the interior of reducer a7. Lateral projection 39 is adapted to receive one end of hose thereon to provide fluid communication between the interior of hose 2.8 and the interior of cap Projection 35 extends inwardly of cap 29 to form a nozzle housing it. A nozzle l2 having a passageway therethrough and terminating in a restricted opening is mounted in nozzle housing and communicates with passageway as and ultimately with secondary gas source as.  
  A baffle assembly is affixed to the nozzle housing ill and includes a lateral baflle member in alignment with the exit opening of nozzle d?) and an orifice 45 located intermediate baffle fl and the opening of nozzle 42 and substantially perpendicular to the flow of gas from nozzle 42.  
  The baffle assembly d receives an aspiration or suction tube as therein with the passageway through tube 46 in communication with orifice The nozzle, nozzle housing and baffle assembly are housed within a tu bular chamber W defined by wall 47 extending downwardly from cap 29 and concentric with the cylindrical skirt 48 of cap 29.  
  The chamber 419 is open at the bottom to facilitate exit of exhaust gases as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2 and has a pair of diametrically opposed openings or orifrees 50 adjacent the top of the chamber. Each opening Sil is in alignment with one of the aligned connector portions of cap 29. These openings provide an inlet means for additional gas from the main supply tube 24 to enter the chamber 4%! and pass therethrough to facilitate mixing and transfer of aerosol from the nebulizer chamber out through lateral connector 31. This flow path is depicted by arrows inFlG. 2.  
  Between inlet connector 30 and the walls ofchamber 49 is an opening in the upper surface of cap 29 which normally contains a removable bushing 51. Plug 51a can be hinged to bushing 51 in any convenient fashion to alleviate the danger of its loss when it is removed from the opening in the cap. When plug 51a is removed from the opening in bushing 51, a thermometer can be inserted to determine mainstream temperatures or medicaments can be introduced for use in the system. The  
 . plug 51a can be replaced in a tight leak-proof fashion or&#34; a vial 54. The top of vial 54 is open and the upper rim of the vial engages with a gasket 55 in cap 29 to provide a sealed engagement point between theupper edge of the vial and the cap 29. Vial 54 is transparent and is designed to contain liquid to be introduced into the gas flow during operation ofthe manifold nebulizer. Suction tube as extends downward into vial 54 and has its bottom edge 56 located in a bulb-like reservoir 57 in the bottom of the vial. The dimensions of reservoir 57 are less than the dimensions ofthe remainder of the vial so that complete liquid usage is obtained. In many environments, the liquid would contain a medication for use in the system. In turn, to prevent occlusion of lower&#39;open tip 56 of suction tube 46, a rib 58 is present on the bottom of reservoir 57. In this manner, the tube is prevented from occluding on the reservoir bottom while still being close enough to the bottom of the vial to remove substantially all of the liquid from the vial. A graduated scale 59 is on the transparent reservoir so that liquid levels can be closedly controlled for medical applications.  
  in operation, a major supply of gas is forced through tubeZd and through the major horizontal passageway through cap 29 to exit from the open end of connector 31.1% portion ofthat main gas flow is deflected through openings 50 into the chamber 49. Gas from the secondary source tube 25 passes through nozzle 42 and the venturi effect produced by flow through orifice 43 aspirates fluid through suction tube 46 and out through aperture 45. The liquid is then directed with the gas flow from nozzle 42 against baffle 44; where it is further broken up into small particles in the gas within chamber 49 producing an aerosol. The aerosol within the chamber then passes from the chamber out the bottom end thereof and into the mainstream flow again for exit from cap 29 in the manner described above. In this&#34; ceivihg tube 26. The operation of the activity within the nebulizer chamber is consistent with well known procedures for providing aerosol in a gaseous medium.  
  Exhaust module 22 includes a cylindrically shaped body portion 60 which is open at the top and bottom. A lateral tubular connector 61 extends from one side of body 60 and a second lateral tubular connector 62 extends from the other side of body 611. The tubular connectors on the exhaust module are diametrically opposed and communicate on one end with the interior chamber of the exhaust module and at the other end with the exterior of the exhaust module. In this manner, a through passageway exits through the exhaust module in a lateral direction. The arrows in FIG. 2 depict gas flow through the lateral passageway.  
  Tubular connector 61 has an inner diameter large enough so that connector 31 of the nebulizer module 21 can be received therein in tight frictional engagement. In this manner, a lateral passageway is provided in manifold nebulizier from the rear tip of connector to the forward tip of connector 62. The end portion 63 of connector 61 is flared outwardly on the inner surface to facilitate a snap-in fit with connector 31 of the nebulizer module. In this manner, reliable connection between the modules is assured.  
  Connector 62 on the opposite side of the exhaust module 22 has a flanged outer rim 64 which facilitates the provision ofa lock ring type of engagement with the cuff of a connected hose such as hose 26. FIG. 1 displays connector 62 in engagement with hose 26 for transmittal to and from the patient.  
  A peripheral rim 65 surrounding the bottom opening of a body portion has an inner flange 66 adapted to receive collection chamber 67 in a snap fit arrangement. The upper rim of collection chamber 67 contains a similar exterior flange 68 together with a spaced annular shoulder 69. Flanges 68 and 69 interchange with rim and flange 66 in a snap-in arrangement for assembly of the exhaust module. The collection chamber 67 can be removed by merely deforming the plastic slightly to disengage the interengaged flanges. Collection chamber 67 is hollow and terminates in a lateral exhaust tube 70 which is open to the exterior of the manifold nebulizer 20. The top of the collection chamber 67 is open so that it communicates with the interior of body portion 60 when attached thereto and exhaled gases can be transmitted through the body and out of the exhaust outlet tubes 70 as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2. As shown. a down draft exhaust configuration is provided. A sump 71 is provided in the interior base of collection chamber 67 below the exhaust tube 70 for accumulation of condensate. The exhaust port and tube 70 is of a desirable size for ready connection to a hose attachment used in conventional spirometry procedures. (not shown). As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 with the exhaust module being rotatable about the nebulizer module and the mounting post 23, it is possible to position the exhaust in any desired direction in a 360 vertical plane of revolution. In this manner. the effective sump area 71 can be varied as depicted in FIG. 4. Collection chamber 67 can also be rotated in a 360 horizontal plane.  
  The upper outer rim 72 of body 60 contains a bead on its circumference for interengagement with the beaded rim 73 of a cap 74. Once again the nature of the resilient plastic materials facilitate the snap-on engagement of cap 74 on rim 72 of body 60. Concentric with rim 72 is a central tubular valve seat 75 open at the top and bottom to permit communication with the interior of body 60 and the exterior thereof. Seated over the upper edge of tubular valve seat 75 is a resilient diaphragm valve member 76. The central portion 77 of valve member 76 is of larger diameter than the valve seat 75 and occludes seat 75 when pressure is applied within the internal portion of cap 74 so as to prevent gases from flowing out of the interior of body 60. The remainder of valve member 76 extends outwardly from the center portion through a convolution portion 78 and a rim portion 79. The convolution portion is designed to permit the diaphragm 77 to be moved away from seat &#39;75 with a minimum of force. The rim portion 79 is fixed in position between cap 74 and rim 72 on the upper edge of body 60 thus sealing this joint. This forms a rolling convolution valve diaphragm which is sensitive to small pressure changes and has a low exhalation retard.  
  The valve actuating pressure is provided through tube 28 which is connected to the secondary gas supply source and is mounted on upright hollow extension 80 on cap 74. Thus. the tube 28 communicates with the interior of cap 7 1 above valve member 76.  
  As stated above, on inhalation, dome pressure seats the valve. When the patient exhales, the dome pressure is relieved and central portion 77 of the valve is forced upward and unseated from the upper rim of valve seat 75. Gases can then escape into the main body portion 60 of exhaust module 22 and down through exhaust attachment 67 and out through exhaust port 70. This action is depicted by the phantom arrows in FIG. 2.  
  As previously stated, mounting post 23 is positioned on the exhaust module at the point where the exhaust module interengages with the nebulizer module. The interengagement between connectors 31 and 61 is of a frictional type and permits rotation therebetween so that the nebulizer module can rotate 360&#34; with respect to the exhaust module without disconnecting the two modules or providing a leakage condition. The details of mounting post 23 are best depicted in FIG. 5 of the drawings with the exception of mounting knob 81 on the distal end of the handle portion 82 of post 23. Knob 81 provides a means for mounting of the entire assembly during use.  
  As shown in FIG. 5, the outer surface of connector 61 contains a plurality ofspaced longitudinal triangular ribs 83 about its circumference. The top and bottom diametrically opposed ribs include a central bead 84 for keying of the post in an upright position with respect to the exhaust module. The handle 82 of the post terminates at the end distal from the end containing knob 81 in a ring portion 85. Ring portion 85 has an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter as connector 61 but slightly larger. A plurality of grooves 86 about the inner circumference of ring 85 are provided for alignment with ribs 83 of connector 61. As shown, there are eight ribs and eight grooves so that post 23 can be oriented in eight different directions about a 360 revolution with respect to the exhaust module. This adds versatility to the modular arrangement of the system and is particularly useful in orienting the exhaust portion so that sump 71 is in any desired position as shown in FIG. 4. In fact, the rotation orientations of the system are many fold. By permitting 360 rotation between the nebulizer module 21 and the exhaust module 22 and also providing eight different positions for the post 23 on the exhaust module 22, it  
 can be readily seen how many varied positions can be employed while still retaining the same flow paths for the system.  
  In actual operation with the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2, gas under pressure is supplied through tubes 24 and 25 into the nebulizer module 21. The main flow of gas continues through the nebulizer module and on through the exhaust module through the interconnection of the lateral connectors as described above. The secondary source of gas through tube 25 is passed through nozzle 41 which aspirates liquid medicament into the chamber 49. Baffles are provided to break down particle size to the desired degree. A portion of the main flow of gas is directed through ports 50 into the chamber where it helps to gather the aerosol and carry it out of the bottom of the chamber and up into the main gas flow for transmittal to the patient. The aerosol flows through the exhaust module with the valve assembly closed by dome pressure exerted by the second gas source to the patient as he inhales.  
  When the patient exhales, the valve sealing dome pressure is relieved and the pressure of the exhalation gases unseat valve 76 and permit exit down through the exhaust passageways of body 60 and out through exhaust tube 70. Condensate is collected in sump 71. When the exhalation is completed, the valve will once again return to its relaxed position 77 over valve seat 75.  
  The above described arrangement is used when it is desired to have the nebulizer module 21 and the exhaust module 22 in a series arrangement as for intermittent positive pressure breathing. The modular system is also adaptable for use in a parallel arrangement for ventilator procedures with the assistance of an alternate post 23a. This type of system is depicted in FIGS. 6-9 of the drawings. Modules 21 and 22 are virtually identical with the modules of the previously discussed embodiment. There is no need for a pressure reducer 37 and secondary supply tube 25 is fastened directly to tubular extension of cap 29. Tube 28a can come from the original supply source as another secondary supply means and can be connected in a similar manner as in the previous embodiment to tubular extension 80 of the cap.  
  The one difference in the exhaust module lies in the provision of a removable plug 87 placed in the open end of connector 61 for sealing purposes since that opening is not required in this alternate embodiment. Plug 87 has an appropriate handle 88 and may be removed if the module 22 is to be used in another fashion as in the previous embodiment where lateral connector 61 is employed.  
  The remaining portions of modules 21 and 22 are identical to the previous embodiment. The modified post 23a is best depicted in FIG. 9. Mounting knob 81 is not changed however handle arm 82a now terminates in a connector base 89 which is different in structure than ring 85 of post 23. The base 89 includes a pair of spaced horizontal rectangular plates 90 which support a pair of opposed rectangular shaped tongues 91 and 92. Each tongue is designed to receive one ofthe modules 21 and 22 so that both modules are mounted to post 230. Module 21 has a pair of opposed cup shaped brackets 93 formed on the outer skirt portion of the cap. Brackets 93 are positioned on the cap of nebulizer module 21 so that when a bracket 93 is positioned on a tongue of the post. the lateral through passageway of the nebulizer module will be perpendicular to the position of the post mounting. Brackets are open on the underside thereof so as to receive either tongue 91 or 92 of post 23a therein. In this manner. nebulizer module 21 is mounted on tongue of the post.  
  Similarly, exhaust module 22 has a pair of opposed brackets 94 of the same configuration and size as receptacles 93 so that the exhaust module can also be mounted on either of the two tongues 91 and 92 of post 23a. Brackets 94 are on the exterior of the body portion of the exhaust module and are diametrically positioned so that the lateral through passageway of the module is perpendicular to the point at which the post 23a is mounted. In this manner, the through passageways of both modules are parallel which is in contrast to the previously discussed embodiment where the modules are in series. It can be readily seen how the modules can be interchanged with respect to the mounting position on post 23a.  
  The specific interengaging structural features of the post 230 and the modules can be best seen in FIG. 8. Tongues 91 and 92 extend upwardly into cup shaped brackets 93 and 94 so as to be captured within the U- shaped configuration of the brackets. Since the bracket is seated on the tongue in each case. the modules cannot be displaced in a downward direction and the end sides of each bracket retains the modules in a lateral position on the tongues of the post. Removal of the modules is retarded in an upward direction by the pres ence of beveled ribs 95 on the handle portion of post 23a. The resilient nature of the plastic modules and post make it possible for the bracket to be deformed and snapped in and out of position around the tongues and past the interference caused by beveled ribs 95. The ribs will retain the modules in position from removal in an upward direction until sufficient force is applied to cause deformation of the part at which time the modules can be removed from the post.  
  FIG. 7 depicts the thermometer bushing 51 in open position with cap 51a having been removed from the opening in the top of the bushing 51. A thermometer 96 can then be passed through the opening and into the interior of the nebulizer module for the purpose of taking a gas temperature reading. When thermometer 96 is removed, the integrally mounted cap 51a can then be replaced in position sealing the opening in the bushing 51. Cap 510 can be mounted to the bushing 51 in any convenient fashion such as by being integrally molded with the port with the addition of flexible resilient arm 97 as depicted in FIG. 7.  
  FIG. 6 shows the parallel embodiment 20a in assembled condition in a breathing system. Main supply tube 24 is connected as in the previous embodiment to nebulizer module 21. However, exit connector 31 of module 21 is connected to a first manifold hose 98 which terminates in connection with a manifold 99. One end of the manifold 99 is connected to the patient via currently used practice (for example. the mask 100 as shown). A further opening is in manifold 99 and is connected to an exhaust hose 101. The opposite end of the exhaust hose 101 is mounted on connector 62 of exhaust module 22.  
  Secondary supply hoses 25 and 28a provide secondary gas to power the nebulizer module 21 and the valve module 22 respectively.  
  Consequently. when air is being supplied through main supply hose 24 and secondary supply hoses 25 and 28 and the patient inhales, gas will be drawn into manifold nebulizer a and transmitted to the patient in the following manner.  
  Aerosol is produced within nebulizer module 21 in the same manner as in respect to nebulizer 20 and exits from nebulizer module 21 into hose 98. It then passes through manifold 99 and mouthpiece 100 to the patient. When the patient exhales, the valve assembly in exhaust module 22 will be opened in the same manner as in respect to manifold nebulizer 20 and the exhaled gases and other matter will pass through tube 101 into exhaust module 22. It will then pass out of the exhaust module in the same manner as in respect to manifold nebulizer 20.  
  Thus, the above discussed objectives of the invention are effectively attained.  
 We claim:  
  1. A disposable plastic manifold nebulizer system for use in a breathing circuit comprising:  
 a nebulizer module including a cap portion having a chamber therein and a through passageway thereacross,  
 means on the cap portion forming at least one side of said through passageway for removal connection to a main source of gas to facilitate passage of gas through the cap portion;  
 the cap having a depending skirt with means thereon for receiving in sealed relationship a vial designed to contain liquid;  
 means forming an opening in the cap and for the cap to be removably connected to a secondary source of gas;  
 a nozzle depending inwardly of the cap in alignment with the opening in the cap and in fluid communication with the gas from the secondary source passing through the opening in the cap so as to direct the gas at high velocity into the chamber;  
 a tube in the cap and extending beyond the depending skirt so as to extend into the vial connected with the cap with one open end adjacent to and in fluid communication with the nozzle and the other open end in liquid contained in the vial so that when secondary gas passes from the nozzle it will entrain liquid from the tube and atomize said liquid into the gas stream baffle means in the cap to assist in removing large liquid particles in the chamber and to direct a portion of the primary flow of gas into the cap into communication with the aerosol to provide a homogenized mixture into the main gas flow passageway for discharge from the nebulizer module;  
 an exhaust module having a body portion with a through passageway;  
 an exhaust valve assembly on the body portion including an exhaust opening;  
 means for removably coupling the part of the exhaust module containing one end opening of the through passageway therein to a patient connection;  
 adjustable surfaces on the manifold nebulizer to permit relative movement between the modules thereof; and  
 releasable connection means on the nebulizer module and the exhaust module to permit the interconnection therebetween to provide an interchangeable configuration which could take the form of serial and parallel relationship between the modules thereby facilitating function of the manifold nebulizer with the nebulizer module and exhaust module in desired relative position to thereby facilitate use of the nebulizer in a variety of different breathing circuit configurations whereby when the nebulizer is connected to a primary gas source and a patient inhales an aerosol of liquid particles will be inhaled, and when the patient exhales, the valve assembly will open permitting the expired vapors to pass through the exhaust opening and out of the circuit.