Patent Publication Number: US-11644279-B2

Title: Systems and methods for simulated rifle rounds

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/943,711, filed Dec. 4, 2019, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SIMULATED RIFLE ROUNDS”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The embodiments described herein relate to components for converting a firearm to fire simulated rounds, and more particularly, a drop-in trainer bolt and magazine system to convert a firearm to simulate recoil and interact with a target hit detection system. 
     Known replica weapons for training, such as airsoft guns, are typically modeled after firearms used by law enforcement or military personnel. In particular, airsoft guns are designed to look like its counterpart firearm and provide some degree of tactile feedback when operated. Airsoft guns in the related art operate on a low-powered platform and are designed to shoot non-metallic projectiles that have less penetrative and stopping powers than conventional ammunition. For example, airsoft guns generally have a low muzzle energy rating of between about 1.0-1.5 Joules (or about 0.74 to 1.10 ft-lb). While the low muzzle energy of the airsoft guns provide a small amount of recoil feedback, the tactile feedback is not on par with the recoil feedback experienced with an actual corresponding firearm. Furthermore, while airsoft guns mimic the overall look and feel of the actual corresponding firearm, the materials and weight of the airsoft gun are also not the same as the actual firearm. For example, it may be cost prohibitive to produce airsoft guns to “MIL-SPEC” standards in large quantities solely for training purposes. 
     Thus, a need exists for an improved training weapon system that more realistically replicates operating conditions of an actual firearm without the use of live or frangible rounds. 
     SUMMARY 
     A training weapon system and methods for replicating live rounds and interacting with a target hit detection system are described herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a bolt carrier assembly and a bolt assembly. The bolt assembly includes a bolt body member, the bolt body member having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion, and the bolt body member defining a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end. The bolt assembly includes a guide member attached to the proximal end portion, the guide member being parallel to the longitudinal axis. The bolt assembly includes a bolt chamber interface attached to a distal end portion, the bolt chamber interface being configured to nest within an interior wall of a firearm barrel, and the bolt chamber interface being configured to limit rotational and axial movement of the bolt assembly relative to the firearm barrel. The bolt assembly includes a bolt nipple connector for mating with a nipple assembly of a magazine assembly. The bolt carrier assembly includes a bolt carrier body and a guide member receiver extending through at least a portion of the bolt carrier body. The bolt carrier body is configured to slide relative to the bolt assembly, the bolt carrier body being slidable along the guide member via the guide member receiver in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is side perspective view of an assembled AR-15 rifle in the related art. 
         FIG.  2    is a side view of a partially disassembled AR-15 rifle in the related art. 
         FIG.  3    is a side perspective view of a disassembled AR-15 in the related art. 
         FIG.  4    is a side view of a training weapon system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5    is a top view of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  6    is a side perspective view of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  7    is an enlarged side perspective view of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  8    is a perspective cross-sectional view of  FIG.  5    taken at line AA-AA. 
         FIG.  9    is an enlarged side perspective view of the bolt assembly and laser assembly of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  10    is an enlarged perspective cross-sectional view of  FIG.  4    taken at the line AA-AA. 
         FIG.  11    is an enlarged side cross-sectional view of  FIG.  4    taken at the line BB-BB. 
         FIG.  12    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of  FIG.  10   . 
         FIG.  13 A  is a side perspective view of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4    in a first operating position according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  13 B  is a side perspective view of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4    in a second operating position according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  13 C  is a side perspective view of the training weapon system of  FIG.  4    in a third operating position according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  14    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of  FIG.  4    taken at line BB-BB. 
         FIG.  15    is a bottom perspective view of the bolt assembly and the magazine assembly shown in  FIG.  6    in a de-coupled state. 
         FIG.  16    is a perspective view of the nipple assembly of the magazine assembly shown in  FIG.  15   . 
         FIG.  17    is a top perspective view of the bolt assembly and the magazine assembly shown in  FIG.  15    in the de-coupled state. 
         FIG.  18    is a top perspective view of  FIG.  17    with the magazine bolt catch activated and the nipple assembly removed to show valve detail. 
         FIG.  19    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the bolt nipple connector taken at the line AA-AA in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  20    is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the nipple assembly taken at the line AA-AA in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  21    is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a nipple assembly according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  22    is a bottom view of the bolt nipple connector of the bolt assembly shown in  FIG.  15   . 
         FIG.  23    is a front side perspective view of the training weapon system shown in  FIG.  4    with the bolt body removed to show internal details. 
         FIG.  24    is a back side perspective view of the training weapon system shown in  FIG.  4    with bolt body removed to show internal detail. 
         FIG.  25    is a side view of the mounting member between the bolt assembly and the laser assembly of the training weapon system shown in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  26    is a cross sectional view of the mounting member of  FIG.  24   . 
         FIG.  27    is a side view of the mounting member between the bolt assembly and the laser assembly of the training weapon system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  28    is a cross sectional view of the mounting member of  FIG.  27   . 
         FIG.  29    is a flow diagram of a method of installing a training weapon on a firearm according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  30    is a flow diagram of a method of generating a simulated round in a firearm using a training weapon system according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A training weapon system and methods for replicating live rounds and interacting with a target hit detection system are described herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a bolt carrier assembly and a bolt assembly. The bolt assembly includes a bolt body member, the bolt body member having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion, and the bolt body member defining a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end. The bolt assembly includes a guide member attached to the proximal end portion, the guide member being parallel to the longitudinal axis. The bolt assembly includes a bolt chamber interface attached to a distal end portion, the bolt chamber interface being configured to nest within an interior wall of a firearm barrel, and the bolt chamber interface being configured to limit rotational and axial movement of the bolt assembly relative to the firearm barrel. In some embodiments, the bolt assembly includes a bolt nipple connector for mating with a nipple assembly of a magazine assembly. In some embodiments, the bolt body member defines an interior volume for retaining pressurized gas. The interior volume is configured to receive pressurized gas from the magazine assembly via the bolt nipple connector. In some embodiments, the bolt assembly includes a balanced core seal member, and the balance core seal member is configured to actuate to release pressurized gas from the interior volume of the bolt body. The bolt carrier assembly includes a bolt carrier body and a guide member receiver extending through at least a portion of the bolt carrier body. The bolt carrier body is configured to slide relative to the bolt assembly, the bolt carrier body being slidable along the guide member via the guide member receiver in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a magazine assembly. The magazine assembly includes a nipple assembly. The nipple assembly includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. The distal portion includes a recess configured to retain a sealing member, the sealing member extending radially inward relative to the nipple assembly. In some embodiments, the sealing member includes a first seal element and a second seal element, the first seal member at least partially surrounding the second seal element. In some embodiments, the first seal element is a U-shaped or a C-shaped member. In some embodiments, the proximal portion includes a recess configured to retain a second sealing member, the sealing member extending radially outward relative to the nipple assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a target hit detection system. In some embodiments, the target hit detection system is a laser targeting system. The laser targeting system includes a laser body, the laser body having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion. The laser targeting system includes a laser output at the distal end portion. The laser targeting system includes a switch at the proximal end portion. In some embodiments, the bolt assembly includes a buffer spring member and an actuator pin. The actuator pin is configured to depress the switch of the laser targeting system when actuated. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a bolt assembly and a target system mount coupled to the bolt assembly. The bolt assembly includes a bolt body member with a proximal end portion and a distal end portion. The bolt body member defines a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end portion to the distal end portion. The bolt assembly includes a bolt chamber interface attached to a distal end portion. The bolt chamber interface is configured to nest within an interior wall of a firearm chamber. The bolt chamber interface is configured to limit rotational and axial movement of the bolt assembly relative to the firearm chamber. The target system mount is configured to secure a laser targeting system to the distal end portion of the bolt body member. In some embodiments, the target system mount is a grommet including a first annular lip and a second annular lip. The first annular lip and the second annular lip are spaced axially apart along a longitudinal axis of the grommet. The first annular lip and the second annular lip are configured to interlock with the distal end portion of the bolt body member. In some embodiments, the target system mount is a cap including an outer surface and an end stop portion. The end stop portion is configured to abut against the distal end portion of the bolt body member while the outer surface is inserted within the distal end portion of the bolt body member. In some embodiments, the bolt chamber interface includes a plurality of bolt lugs dimensioned to interlock with corresponding lugs of a firearm barrel. 
     In some embodiments, a method of installing a training weapon system includes coupling a target hit detection system to a bolt assembly. The method further includes inserting a bolt assembly into a barrel assembly of a rifle. The method includes rotating the bolt assembly relative to the barrel assembly of the rifle to lock the bolt assembly within the barrel assembly. In some embodiments, the rotating can be performed manually by hand without any tools. The method includes coupling the upper assembly to the lower assembly of the rifle. The method includes coupling the magazine assembly to the bolt assembly. In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly to the bolt assembly includes aligning the nipple assembly of the magazine assembly with the bolt nipple connector of the bolt assembly. In some embodiment, the coupling of the magazine assembly to the bolt assembly further includes inserting the nipple assembly over the bolt nipple connector. In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly to the bolt assembly further includes centering a valve actuator pin relative to the bolt nipple connector. In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly to the bolt assembly includes depressing the valve actuator pin to release a pressurized gas from the magazine assembly into the bolt assembly upon completion of the attachment of the magazine assembly to the bolt assembly. 
     In some embodiments, a method of generating a simulated round in a firearm using a training weapon system includes conveying, via a bolt nipple connecting, pressurized gas into an interior volume of a bolt assembly. The interior volume is fluidically sealed by at least a balanced core seal member. The method includes actuating a balanced core to unseat the balanced core seal member and to release pressurized gas from the interior volume of the bolt assembly. The method further includes conveying the released pressurized gas to a bolt carrier body. The method includes actuating the bolt carrier body in response to a force applied by the released pressurized gas applied to the bolt carrier body. The actuation of the bolt carrier body causes the bolt carrier body to move away from a home position, and the actuation of the bolt carrier body generates a simulated recoil effect. In some embodiments, the method includes actuating the balanced coil to seat the balanced core seal member and to fluidically seal the interior volume of the bolt assembly. In some embodiments, the method includes actuating the bolt carrier body, via force from an action spring, to return to the home position. 
     In some embodiments, the conveying the pressurized gas into the interior volume includes pressurizing the interior volume of the bolt assembly to a pressure of between about 3102.6 kPa (450 psi) to 4136.9 kPa (600 psi). In some embodiments, the method includes actuating, via force from a century spring member, the balanced core to seat that balanced core seal member and to seal the interior volume of the bolt assembly. In some embodiments, the method includes actuating a switch of the laser targeting system to transmit a signal representative of a simulated round being fired. 
     The term “about” when used in connection with a referenced numeric indication means the referenced numeric indication plus or minus up to 10 percent of that referenced numeric indication. For example, “about 100” means from 90 to 110. 
     As used in this specification and the appended claims, the words “proximal” and “distal” refer to direction closer to and away from, respectively, an operator of the firearm. Thus, for example, the end of the firearm or firearm component nearest the operator during a firing operation would be the proximal end of the component, while the end opposite the proximal end would be the distal end of the component. For example, a proximal end of a rifle barrel would be the end portion that is coupled to the receiver, and the distal end would be end out of which the ammunition is expelled. Although a rifle is shown and described with reference to the figures, the training weapon system can be used with various types of firearms, including but not limited to. pistols, shotguns, machine guns, and carbines. Additionally, the training weapon system can be used with automatic and semi-automatic firearms. 
     The term “parallel” is used herein to describe a relationship between two geometric constructions (e.g., two lines, two planes, a line and a plane, or the like) in which the two geometric constructions are non-intersecting as they extend substantially to infinity. For example, as used herein, a planar surface (i.e., a two-dimensional surface) is said to be parallel to a line when every point along the line is spaced apart from the nearest portion of the surface by a substantially equal distance. Similarly, a first line (or axis) is said to be parallel to a second line (or axis) when the first line and the second line do not intersect as they extend to infinity. Two geometric constructions are described herein as being “parallel” or “substantially parallel” to each other when they are nominally parallel to each other, such as for example, when they are parallel to each other within a tolerance. Such tolerances can include, for example, manufacturing tolerances, measurement tolerances or the like. 
     The terms “perpendicular,” “orthogonal,” and “normal” are used herein to describe a relationship between two geometric constructions (e.g., two lines, two planes, a line and a plane, or the like) in which the two geometric constructions intersect at an angle of approximately 90 degrees within at least one plane. For example, as used herein, a line (or axis) is said to be normal to a planar surface when the line and a portion of the planar surface intersect at an angle of approximately 90 degrees within the planar surface. Two geometric constructions are described herein as being, for example, “perpendicular” or “substantially perpendicular” to each other when they are nominally perpendicular to each other, such as for example, when they are perpendicular to each other within a tolerance. Such tolerances can include, for example, manufacturing tolerances, measurement tolerances or the like. 
     Similarly, geometric terms, such as “parallel,” “perpendicular,” “cylindrical,” “square,” “conical,” or “frusto-conical” are not intended to require absolute mathematical precision, unless the context indicates otherwise. Instead, such geometric terms allow for variations due to manufacturing or equivalent functions. For example, if an element is described as “conical” or “generally conical,” a component that is not precisely conical (e.g., one that is slightly oblong) is still encompassed by this description. 
       FIGS.  1 - 3    show a conventional AR-15 rifle  1000 . The rifle  1000  includes an upper receiver assembly  1100 , a lower receiver assembly  1200 , a barrel assembly  1300 , a bolt carrier group  1400 , a bolt assembly  1500 , and a magazine  1600 . The upper receiver assembly  1100  includes an upper receiver  1110 , a forward assist  1120 , and a charging handle  1130 . The lower receiver assembly  1200  includes a buttstock  1205 , a hand grip  1210 , a trigger  1215 , a lower receiver  1220 , an action spring  1230 , a buffer assembly  1240 , a hammer  1250 , a bolt catch  1260 , and a magazine catch  1270 . The barrel assembly  1300  includes a barrel  1310  and a muzzle  1320 . The bolt carrier group  1400  includes a bolt carrier  1410 , a firing pin  1420 , a bolt carrier key  1430 , a cam pin  1440 , and bolt gas rings  1450 . The bolt assembly  1500  includes an extractor spring  1510 , an extractor  1520 , an ejector spring  1530 , and an ejector  1540 . 
     Once a magazine  1600  has been inserted into the rifle  1000 , the charging handle  1130  can be pulled rearward and released by an operator. As the charging handle  1130  is pulled rearward, the charging handle  1130  engages a portion of the bolt carrier group  1400  and pulls the bolt carrier group  1400  along with the bolt assembly  1500  rearward in unison. As the bolt carrier group  1400  is moved rearward, the hammer  1250  is cocked during the rearward travel of the bolt carrier group  1400 . When the operator releases the charging handle  1130 , the bolt carrier group  1400  is advanced forward by the action spring  1230 . As the bolt carrier group  1400  advances forward, the bolt assembly  1500  strips the next cartridge from the magazine  1600 . As the bolt carrier group  1400  advances the bolt assembly  1500  and cartridge into the barrel  1310 , the bolt assembly  1500  rotates relative to the bolt carrier group  1400  and partially into the bolt carrier group  1400  to lock the bolt assembly  1500  into place. When the operator pulls the trigger  1215 , the hammer  1250  is actuated and strikes a proximal end of the cartridge, releasing the shot from the cartridge out through the barrel  1310 . Since the bolt assembly  1500  is in the locked position, the pressurized gas (also referred to as blow back) from the cartridge does not immediately cause the bolt carrier group  1400  and bolt assembly  1500  to move rearward. Instead, gas from the gunpowder ignition returns from the barrel  1310  via a passage (not shown) and applies pressure on the bolt carrier key  1430  to force the bolt carrier group  1400  and bolt assembly  1500  back into an armed position. Depending on the cartridges selected, the muzzle energy may be in excess of about 3000 Joules (or about 2200 ft-lb). Thus, because replica weapons (e.g., airsoft weapons) do not use gunpowder ignition, the recoil feedback of such airsoft weapons is not comparable to an actual corresponding firearm. Moreover, modifying the airsoft weapons to operate at higher pressures to replicate more replicate more realistic conditions can be cost prohibitive and adversely alters the range and penetrative powers of the projectiles used with airsoft weapons, making them more dangerous and unsuitable for training purposes. 
       FIGS.  4 - 28    show a training weapon system  2000  adapted to retrofit the bolt carrier group  1400 , bolt assembly  1500 , and magazine  1600  of a rifle  1000  for a more realistic training experience. In particular, an operator can train with their own actual weapon using the training weapon system  2000  without projectiles while still experiencing the tactile and recoil feedback of conventional ammunition. The training weapon system  2000  can be configured to operate with any firearm, such as the AR-15 discussed above with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 3   . While the training weapon system  2000  will be discussed herein with reference to the AR-15 below, the size, shape, and/or tolerances of the training weapon system  2000  (or any other training weapon systems described herein) can be modified and adapted for use with other rifles and firearms, as will be appreciated to one skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. Additionally, the training weapon system  2000  provides a “drop in” system that allows an actual weapon to be quickly converted to a training system and back to a regular weapon without any permanent or irreversible changes made to the weapon itself. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  4 - 7   , the training weapon system  2000  includes a trainer bolt carrier assembly  2400  (also referred to as bolt carrier assembly  2400 ), a trainer bolt assembly  2500  (also referred to as bolt assembly  2500 ), a trainer magazine assembly  2600  (also referred to as magazine assembly  2600 ), and a target hit detection system  2700 . One or more of the bolt carrier assembly  2400 , bolt assembly  2500 , the magazine assembly  2600 , and target hit detection system  2700  can be bundled together as part of a drop in conversion kit to convert an actual firearm into a training system. 
     As shown in  FIG.  14   , the bolt assembly  2500  includes a bolt body member  2502  having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion. The bolt body member defines a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end. The bolt assembly  2500  includes a guide member  2504  attached to the proximal end portion such that the guide member is parallel to the longitudinal axis. The bolt assembly  2500  includes a bolt chamber interface  2590  attached to a distal end portion of the bolt body member  2502  and that is configured to nest within an interior wall of a firearm chamber. The bolt chamber interface  2590  is configured to limit rotational and axial movement of the bolt assembly relative to the firearm chamber. In some embodiments, the bolt carrier assembly  2400 , the bolt assembly  2500 , and the target hit detection system  2700  are pre-assembled prior to installing the training system in the rifle  1000 . For example, the bolt assembly  2500  and the target hit detection system  2700  can be inserted into and press-fit by hand into the barrel  1310  while the upper and lower receiver assemblies  1100 ,  1200  are disassembled and separated. In some embodiments, the bolt assembly  2500  can be rotated relative to the barrel assembly  1300  to lock the bolt assembly  2500  in place. After the upper and lower receiver assemblies  1100 ,  1200  of the rifle  1000  have been reassembled, the magazine assembly  2600  can be attached to the bolt assembly  2500  as discussed in further detail below. The installation of the training weapon system  2000  can be performed by hand and quickly enables a conventional weapon to be converted into a training system and back again to a weapon by reversing the procedure described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG.  15   , the bolt assembly  2500  includes a bolt nipple connector  2570  for mating with a nipple assembly  2630  of a magazine assembly  2600 . The bolt carrier assembly  2400  includes a bolt carrier body  2410  and a guide member receiver  2412  extending through at least a portion of the bolt carrier body  2410 . The bolt carrier body  2410  is configured to slide relative to the bolt assembly  2500 , the bolt carrier body  2410  being slidable along the guide member  2504  via the guide member receiver  2412  in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  15  and  16   , the magazine assembly  2600  includes a nipple assembly  2630 . The nipple assembly  2630  includes a proximal portion  2632  and a distal portion  2633 . The distal portion  2633  includes a recess  2634  configured to retain a sealing member  2695  that extends radially inward relative to the nipple assembly  2630 . As shown in  FIG.  20   , in some embodiments, the sealing member  2695  includes a first seal element  2695   a  and a second seal element  2695   b , the first seal element  2695   a  at least partially surrounding the second seal element  2695   b . In some embodiments, the first seal element  2695   a  is a U-shaped or a C-shaped member. In some embodiments, the proximal portion  2632  includes a recess  2635  configured to retain a second sealing member  2690  that extends radially outward relative to the nipple assembly. The proximal portion  2632  includes an inner circumferential surface  2636  for receiving the valve core  2622 . In some embodiments, the inner circumferential surface  2636  is defined by a radius of about 0.762 cm (0.30 inches) to about 0.813 cm (0.32 inches). In some embodiments, a length of the inner circumferential surface  2636  is between about 0.254 cm (0.1 inches) to about 0.635 cm (0.25 inches). 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG.  21   , the magazine assembly  2600  includes a nipple assembly  2630 ′ with a distal portion  2633 ′ and an extended proximal portion  2632 ′. The distal portion  2633 ′ includes a recess  2634 ′ configured to retain a sealing member  2695 ′ that extends radially inward relative to the nipple assembly  2630 ′. The sealing member  2695 ′ includes a first seal element  2695   a ′ and a second seal element  2695   b ′, the first seal element  2695   a ′ at least partially surrounding the second seal element  2695   b ′. In some embodiments, the first seal element  2695   a ′ is a U-shaped or a C-shaped member. In some embodiments, the proximal portion  2632 ′ includes a recess  2635 ′ configured to retain a second sealing member  2690 ′ that extends radially outward relative to the nipple assembly. The extended proximal portion  2632 ′ includes an inner circumferential surface  2636 ′ for receiving the valve core  2622 . The extended proximal portion  2632 ′ includes an inner circumferential surface  2636 ′ for receiving the valve core  2622 . In some embodiments, the inner circumferential surface  2636 ′ is defined by a radius of about 0.508 cm (0.20 inches) to about 0.762 cm (0.30 inches). In some embodiments, a length of the inner circumferential surface  2636 ′ is between about 0.508 cm (0.2 inches) to about 1.27 cm (0.50 inches). The increased length improves contact and sealing between the extended proximal portion  2632 ′ and the valve core  2622 . In some embodiments, the inner circumferential surface  2636 ′ is also a continuous surface along its length and is devoid of a shoulder (as shown in the nipple assembly  2630 ; see  FIG.  20   ) that can contact the valve core  2622  and prevent axial motion thereof. 
     The target hit detection system  2700  is operable to produce and emit a wireless signal. A compatible receiver (not shown) is configured to monitor for the wireless signal to detect whether the wireless signal emitted by the target hit detection system  2700  has made a “hit” at or near the location of the receiver. In some embodiments, the target hit detection system  2700  is a laser targeting system. As shown in  FIGS.  23  and  24   , the laser targeting system  2700  includes a laser body  2710  having a proximal end portion  2710   a  and a distal end portion  2710   b . The laser targeting system  2700  includes a laser output  2720  at the distal end portion  2710   b . The laser targeting system includes a switch  2730  at the proximal end portion  2710   a . In some embodiments, the wireless signal is a signal transmitted at an ultraviolet wavelength, a visible wavelength, and/or an invisible wavelength. In some embodiments, the wireless signal is an analog signal or a digital signal. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  8 - 14   , general operation of the training weapon system  2000  will now be described. The training weapon system  2000  is configured to be installed into the chamber of a firearm, such as between the upper receiver assembly  1100  and the lower receiver assembly  1200  of the AR-15 rifle  1000  in  FIGS.  1 - 3   . The bolt assembly  2500  includes a bolt chamber interface  2590  configured to nest within an interior of the barrel  1310 . The bolt chamber interface  2590  includes a plurality of radially extending protrusions. As shown in  FIGS.  9 ,  17 , and  25   , each of the protrusions (or lugs) of the bolt chamber interface  2590  includes a first contact surface  2590   a  and a second contact surface  2590   b  for engaging the barrel  1310  of the barrel assembly  1300 . Each protrusion of the bolt chamber interface  2590  includes sidewalls  2590   c  extending outwardly from a center of the bolt chamber interface  2590 . Although the bolt chamber interface  2590  is depicted in  FIG.  17    as including a total of twelve protrusion, in some embodiments, the bolt chamber interface  2590  can include three to eleven protrusions. 
     The bolt chamber interface  2590  is sized to engage corresponding lugs within the barrel  1310  to prevent movement of the bolt assembly  2500  relative to the barrel  1310  during operation of the training weapon system  2000 . In some embodiments, the first contact surface  2590   a  extend parallel to a longitudinal axis of the bolt assembly  2500 . In some embodiments, the second contact surface  2590   b  extends in both an axial and radial direction to engage and lock to the barrel  1310 . For example, the second contact surface  2590   b  can include a rounded or chamfered surface. The bolt chamber interface  2590  includes a plurality of bolt lugs dimensioned to interlock with corresponding lugs of the barrel  1310  and prevent rotation of the bolt assembly  2500  during operation. The bolt chamber interface  2590  further aligns and centers the target hit detection system  2700  within the barrel. The bolt chamber interface  2590  accounts for misalignment and any eccentricity associated with each individual firearm due to variations from manufacturing tolerances and/or wear due to use. For example, in some embodiments, to provide a tight fit and to account for variations that are present, even across the same make and model of a firearm, the bolt chamber interface  2590  is dimensioned to fit within the MIL-SPEC of the barrel  1310  and have a tolerance of between about ±0.00254 cm (±0.001 inches) and about ±0.00508 cm (±0.002 inches). By comparison, the proximal end of the bolt carrier assembly  2400  is dimensioned to fit within the MIL-SPEC of the chamber and have a tolerance of up to about 0.02032 cm (0.008 inches). The bolt chamber interface  2590  engages the barrel  1310  to prevent lateral movement of the bolt assembly  2500  relative to a longitudinal axis of the barrel  1310  and improve centering and stability of the target hit detection system  2700 , as will be described in greater detail below. In some embodiments, the lugs of the bolt chamber interface  2590  are about 5 to 25% longer in length (in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the barrel  1310 ) than bolt lugs of a conventional bolt assembly in a corresponding firearm. For example, in some embedment&#39;s, the length of the lugs are between about 0.762 cm (0.3 inches) to about 0.9525 cm (0.375 inches). The lugs of the bolt chamber interface  2590  prevent rotation between the bolt assembly  2500  and the barrel  1310  during operation. In some embodiments, the lugs of the bolt chamber interface  2590  are about 10% longer than bolt lugs of a conventional bolt assembly in a corresponding firearm. For example, the length of the bolt lugs in a conventional AR-15 rifle  1000  are about 0.699 cm (0.275 inches) and the length of the lugs of the bolt chamber interface  2590  are about 0.787 cm (0.310 inches) in length. In some embodiments, the length of the lugs of the bolt chamber interface  2590  are up to about 1.105 cm (0.435 inches). 
     Once the training weapon system  2000  has been installed into the rifle  1000 , the system  2000  can be operated to simulate a fired shot. As shown in  FIGS.  8 - 12   , the magazine assembly  2600  includes an energy storage system  2610 . In some embodiments, the energy storage system  2610  can be configured to store and dispense a fuel, propellent, a pressurized gas, or electrical energy for use with one or more of a combustion chamber, a mechanical actuator, an electrical actuator, and/or electro-mechanical actuator. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the energy storage system  2610  includes an energy storage device  2612 , a pressure regulator  2614 , a supply line  2616 , an access port  2618 , and a supply valve  2620 . The supply valve  2620  includes a valve core  2622  and a valve actuator pin  2624 . In some embodiments, the energy storage device  2612  is a pressurized gas canister and is configured to store a pressurized gas up to about 27579 kPa (4000 psi). The pressure regulator  2614  is configured to regulate pressure supplied to the supply line  2616  to about 3447.4 kPa (500 psi). When the magazine assembly  2600  is coupled to the bolt assembly  2500 , the pressurized gas is free to flow from the supply line  2616  through the supply valve  2620  and into the bolt assembly  2500 . Once the magazine assembly  2600  is coupled to the bolt assembly  2500 , an interior of the bolt assembly  2500  remains pressurized until the magazine assembly  2600  is depleted or is removed from the bolt assembly  2500 . By keeping the bolt assembly  2500  pressurized, the training weapon system  2000  can simulate an armed weapon that is ready for operation without a further startup or pressurization step in between simulated rounds or in between intermittent use. In some embodiments, the pressurized gas is compressed ambient or atmospheric air. In some embodiments, the pressurized gas can be any inert gas, such as nitrogen. 
     As the pressurized gas flows from supply valve  2620  to the bolt assembly  2500 , as indicated by the arrow AA in  FIG.  12   , the pressurized gas flows through connector ports  2576  (see  FIG.  19   ) of the bolt nipple connector  2570 . The pressurized gas enters an interior volume of the bolt body member  2502  and pressurizes the interior volume to about 3447.4 kPa (500 psi). In some embodiments, the pressure regulator  2614  is configured to regulate the pressure supplied to the interior volume to about 1723.7 kPa (250 psi) to 6894.8 kPa (1000 psi). In some embodiments, the pressure regulator  2614  is configured to regulate the pressure supplied to the interior volume to about 3102.6 kPa (450 psi) to 4136.9 kPa (600 psi). 
     As shown in  FIGS.  10  and  11   , the bolt assembly  2500  includes a balanced core  2510 , a balanced core seal member  2515 , a bolt cap  2530 , a bolt cap seal member  2535 , and a spring member  2540 . The bolt cap  2530  includes a conically tapered interior surface, the conical taper having a first inner diameter at a distal end of the bolt cap  2530  and a second inner diameter at a proximal end of the bolt cap  2530 . The first inner diameter is greater than the second inner diameter. In some embodiments, the first inner diameter is about 1.016 cm (0.4 inches) and the second inner diameter is about 0.635 cm (0.25 inches). The spring member  2540  together with the pressurized gas within the bolt body member  2502  biases the balanced core  2510  towards the proximal end of the bolt cap  2530 . The balanced core  2510  includes a tapered head member  2512  that extends into the conically tapered interior surface of the bolt cap  2530  and at least partially through the balanced core seal member  2515  when the bolt carrier body  2410  is in the home position. The balanced core seal member  2515  is seated within and engages the second inner diameter of the bolt cap  2530 . The balanced core seal member  2515  includes an outer diameter greater than the second inner diameter of the bolt cap  2530 . In some embodiments, the balanced core seal member  2515  is an O-ring. 
     As shown in  FIG.  10   , the bolt carrier body  2410  is in a distal-most position (also referred to as a home position). During operation, an operator can pull the trigger  1215  of the rifle  1000  and the trigger  1215  in turn actuates the hammer  1250  and causes the firing pin  2430  to move in a distal direction. The firing pin  2430  in turn strikes a proximal end of the balanced core  2510  causing the balanced core  2510  to also move in the distal direction. As the balanced core  2510  moves in the distal direction, the balanced core seal member  2515  unseats from the second inner diameter of the bolt cap  2530 , thereby allowing pressurized gas to exit from the bolt body member  2502  and travel into the bolt carrier body  2410 . The pressurized gas rapidly travels past the firing pin  2430  and into an interior of the bolt carrier body  2410 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  11   , the bolt cap seal member  2535  seals the pressurized gas at the distal end of the bolt carrier body  2410 . During this sequence of events, illustrated in  FIGS.  13 A- 13 C , the pressurized gas entering into the interior of the bolt carrier body  2410  forces the bolt carrier body  2410  to move rapidly in the proximal direction away from the bolt body member  2502 . Because of the high pressure supplied to an interior of the bolt carrier body  2410 , the proximal movement of the bolt carrier body  2410  towards the buttstock  1205  simulates the recoil of a live round being fired from the rifle  1000 . Once the bolt carrier body  2410  reaches a proximal-most position (also referred to as a recoil position), the pressurized gas is released from the bolt carrier body  2410 . The action spring  1230  of the lower receiver assembly, which compresses during the proximal movement of the bolt carrier body  2410 , expands after the release of the pressurized gas from the bolt carrier body  2410  and causes the bolt carrier body  2410  to return back to the home position. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  13 B,  13 C,  14  and  22   , the bolt assembly  2500  includes at least one guide rail  2504  to control the movement of the bolt carrier body  2410  relative to the bolt assembly  2500  during travel between the home and recoil positions. The at least one guide rail  2504  is secured to the bolt body member  2502  via a fastening mechanism. In some embodiments, the at least one guide rail  2504  includes a threaded end and the bolt carrier body  2410  includes a corresponding threaded receiver. In some embodiments, the at least one guide rail  2504  is formed monolithically with the bolt body member  2502 . The at least one guide rail  2504  is configured to maintain alignment of the bolt carrier body  2410  with the bolt assembly  2500  throughout its range of travel from the home position to the recoil position and back to the home position. The at least one guide rail  2504  is parallel the longitudinal axis of the bolt assembly  2500 . In some embodiments, the at least one guide rail  2504  includes two guide rails to resist flex and torsional forces during operation. In some embodiments, the at least one guide rail  2504  includes two to five guide rails. 
     The reciprocating action of the bolt carrier body  2410  can be repeated to simulate the recoil feedback of automatic or semi-automatic fire from the rifle  1000  within which the training weapon system  2000  has been installed. The simulated rounds and reciprocating action of the bolt carrier body  2410  can be repeated until the energy storage system  2610  is depleted or when the energy storage system  2610  reaches a level where it can no longer supply adequate pressure to simulate recoil with the bolt carrier body  2410 . The magazine assembly  2600  can be charged or re-pressurized via the access port  2618  (shown in  FIG.  8   ). Alternatively, the spent magazine assembly  2600  can be swapped out by an operator with a new or recharged magazine assembly  2600  for continued use with the training weapon system  2000 . In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS.  17  and  18   , the magazine assembly  2600  includes a bolt carrier lock  2605 . The bolt carrier lock  2605  is configured to deploy from the magazine assembly  2600  and extend into the bolt carrier body  2410  to prevent the bolt carrier body  2410  from advancing forward in the distal direction. The bolt carrier lock  2605  simulates an empty cartridge scenario. In some embodiments, the bolt carrier lock  2605  is deployed when the energy storage system  2610  is depleted or reaches a level where it can no longer supply adequate pressure to simulate recoil. In some embodiments, the bolt carrier lock  2605  is configured to deploy based on a sensed pressure at one or more of the energy storage device  2612 , the pressure regulator  2614 , or the pressure supply line  2616 . In some embodiments, the bolt carrier lock  2605  is electronically controlled. 
     Variations in tolerance exist between conventional firearms and magazines to promote interoperability and compatibility. For example, the design tolerance between the lower receiver  1220 , the magazine  1600 , and the magazine catch  1270  can vary from rifle to rifle (even across weapons of the same make and model). However, the additional clearance that results from higher tolerance presents additional challenges for converting the rifle  1000  for use with training systems. As such, a novel system for mounting and aligning a training system to a conventional weapon to accommodate the built in clearance while also provide precision to the training system is desired. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  15 - 22   , the magazine assembly  2600  of the training weapon system  2000  can be quickly attached to and detached from the bolt assembly  2500 . The bolt nipple connector  2570  includes a connector body  2572  for interfacing with the nipple assembly  2630  of the magazine assembly  2600 . The connector body  2572  extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bolt assembly  2500 . The bolt nipple connector  2570  further includes a plurality of connector arms  2574  that define one or more connector ports  2576  between each of the connector arms  2574 . The bolt nipple connector  2570  further includes an end portion  2578 . The end portion  2578  includes a recessed feature for locating and centering the valve actuator pin  2624  of the supply valve  2620  during coupling. In some embodiments, the recessed feature includes a dome-shaped surface. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG.  22   , the bolt nipple connector  2570  includes three connector arms  2574   a ,  2574   b ,  2574   c  and includes three connector ports  2576   a ,  2576   b ,  2576   c  defined between the three connector arms  2574   a ,  2574   b ,  2574   c.    
     To accommodate for the variation and play that exist in firearms, such as the AR-15 rifle  1000 , the bolt assembly  2500  includes a bolt nipple interface  2580 . The bolt nipple interface  2580  includes a first contact surface  2580   a  and a second contact surface  2580   b . The first contact surface  2580   a  is a cylindrical side wall and the second contact surface  2580   b  is an annular end wall with a U-shaped cross section. The first contact surface  2580   a  and the second contact surface  2580   b  are configured to receive and guide the nipple assembly  2630  to the bolt nipple connector  2570  during coupling. 
     With reference to  FIG.  20   , the distal portion  2633  of the nipple assembly  2630  includes a rounded lip portion configured to guide the nipple assembly  2630  onto the bolt nipple connector  2570  and into the bolt nipple interface  2580 . The rounded lip portion is configured to seat against the second contact surface  2580   b  when the magazine assembly  2600  is coupled to the bolt assembly  2500 . The sealing member  2695  is configured to be inserted over the bolt nipple connector  2570 . The first seal element  2695   a  of the sealing member  2695  includes a tapered portion to align and guide the seal member  2695  over the distal portion and connector arms  2574  of the bolt nipple connector  2570 . The combination of the first seal element  2695   a  and the second seal element  2695   b  accommodates lateral play and offset between the magazine assembly  2600  and the bolt assembly  2500 , as discussed above with regards to variations and play, while maintaining an adequate seal between the two components such that a high pressure gas can be supplied via the energy storage system  2610 . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  10 ,  11 , and  23 - 28   , the laser targeting system  2700  is configured to be mounted to the distal end portion of the bolt body member  2502 . The proximal end portion  2710   a  of the laser body  2710  is at least partially mounted within the bolt body member  2502 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  23  and  24   , the distal portion  2710   b  of the laser body  2710  includes an outer surface configured to abut the barrel  1310  of the rifle  1000 . The outer surface of the distal portion  2710   b  is configured to abut an interior surface of the barrel  1310  and prevent motion perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of laser body  2710  during operation of the training weapon system  2000 . 
     When an operator pulls the trigger  1215  of the rifle  1000 , the hammer  1250  actuates and causes the firing pin  2430  of the bolt carrier assembly  2400  to move in the distal direction, as discussed above. The firing pin  2430  moves the balanced core  2510  in the distal direction. In addition to unseating the bolt cap seal member  2535 , the balanced core  2510  applies force against a buffer spring  2550 . Because of the sensitivity of the electronics and other components within the laser targeting system  2700 , the buffer spring  2550  moderates and buffers the force transferred from the balanced core  2510  to the targeting system  2700 . A portion of the force received from the balanced core  2510  is transferred to an actuator pin  2560  of the bolt assembly  2500 . The force applied to the actuator pin  2560  causes the actuator pin  2560  to advance in the distal direction relative to the bolt body member  2502 . With the laser body  2710  secured to the bolt assembly  2500  via the laser mounting member  2740 , distal travel of the actuator pin  2560  depresses the switch  2730  of the laser targeting system  2700 . When the switch  2730  is actuated, the laser targeting system  2700  emits a beam of laser via the laser output  2720 . The emitted laser can be used to simulate a shot being fired from the rifle  1000  and a compatible training system can be used to detect whether the emitted laser reached an intended target signifying a hit. 
     The laser targeting system  2700  further includes a laser mounting member  2740  to secure the proximal end portion  2710   a  to the bolt body member  2502 . The laser mounting member  2740  is a floating mounting member configured to absorb lateral and/or axial input forces. For example, as shown in  FIGS.  25  and  26   , the laser mounting member  2740  is a grommet including a first annular lip  2742  and a second annular lip  2744 . The first annular lip  2742  and the second annular lip  2744  are spaced axially along the longitudinal axis of the laser body  2710 . The laser mounting member  2740  includes a recess  2746  defined between the first annular lip  2742  and the second annular lip  2744 . The first annular lip  2742  includes a first outer diameter, and the second annular lip  2744  includes a second outer diameter. In some embodiments, each of the first annular lip  2742  and the second annular lip  2744  have a diameter greater than about 1.27 cm (0.5 inches). In some embodiments, each of the first annular lip  2742  and the second annular lip  2744  have a diameter of between about 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) and 1.905 cm (0.75 inches). While the first and second outer diameters are depicted as being equal in size, the first and second diameters can be different sizes. As shown in  FIG.  26   , the bolt assembly  2500  includes a bolt laser interface  2595  and a bolt laser interface groove  2956 . The bolt laser interface  2595  includes an interface inner diameter and the bolt laser interface groove  2596  includes a groove inner diameter, the groove inner diameter being greater than the interface inner diameter. In some embodiments, the interface inner diameter is about 1.397 cm (0.55 inches) and the groove inner diameter is about 1.27 cm (0.5 inches). The bolt laser interface  2595  is configured to engage and seat within the recess  2746  of the laser mounting member  2740 . The bolt laser interface groove  2956  is configured to receive the first annular lip  2742  of the laser mounting member  2740 . 
     The laser mounting member  2740  includes an internal surface configured to receive the proximal end of the laser body  2710 . In a relaxed state, the internal surface of the laser mounting member  2740  defines a first inner diameter. In some embodiments, the first inner diameter of the laser mounting member  2740  is less than about 0.79375 cm (0.3125 inches). The proximal end of the laser body  2710   a  defines an outer diameter, the outer diameter being greater than the first inner diameter of the laser mounting member  2740 . The internal surface of the laser mounting member  2740  is configured to expand to a second inner diameter to accommodate and secure the laser body  2710 . In some embodiments, the second outer diameter is greater than the first outer diameter. The laser mounting member  2470  is made of an elastomeric material. In some embodiments, the laser mounting member  2470  is a rubber grommet. The laser mounting member  2470  is configured to accommodate misalignment of one or more of the barrel  1310 , the bolt assembly  2500 , and the laser targeting system  2700 . Furthermore, because of the sensitive electronic components within the laser targeting system  2700 , the laser mounting members  2470  absorbs shock to prevent damage to the laser targeting system  2700 . The laser mounting member  2470  further enables the laser targeting system  2700  to be quickly decoupled from or installed onto the bolt assembly  2500  when both the laser target system  2700  and the bolt assembly  2500  are removed from the rifle  1000 . This allows the laser target system  2700  to be quickly and easily separated from the bolt assembly  2500  for servicing and inspection. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS.  27  and  28   , the distal end portion of the bolt body member  2502  can include a bolt laser interface  2595 ′ with a first seal surface  2956 ′ and a second seal surface  2957 ′. The bolt laser interface  2595 ′ is configured to receive a laser mounting member  2840 , which may be in the form of a cap. The second seal surface  2957 ′ extends at an angle relative to the first seal surface  2956 ′. In some embodiments, the second seal surface  2957 ′ extends at an angle of between about 15 degrees and 75 degrees. In some embodiments, the second seal surface  2957 ′ extends at an angle of between about 30 degrees and 45 degrees. The second seal surface  2957 ′ defines a minimum inner diameter, and the minimum inner diameter is greater than or equal to an inner diameter of the first seal surface  2955 ′. In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the first seal surface  2955 ′ is between about 0.762 cm (0.3 inches) to about 1.27 cm (0.5 inches). In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the first seal surface  2955 ′ is between about 1.016 cm (0.4 inches). 
     The laser mounting member  2840  includes an outer surface  2841 , an end stop portion  2842 , and an internal surface  2843 . The outer surface  2841  is configured to be inserted into the bolt laser interface  2595 ′. The outer surface  2841  of the laser mounting member is configured to support one or more sealing members, such as O-ring members. The outer surface  2841  includes a recess  2841   a  configured to retain a first sealing member  2844  at a first location. The end stop portion  2842  limits movement of a second sealing member  2845  on the outer surface  2841  at a second location. The second location is different from the first location. In some embodiments, the first sealing member  2844  is thicker than the second sealing member  2845 . Stated in a different manner, a radius of the tube forming the first sealing member  2844  is greater than a radius of the tube forming the second sealing member  2845 . In some embodiments, an outer radius of the first sealing member  2844  extending from a central axis of the first sealing member  2844  is greater than an outer radius of the second sealing member  2845  extending from a central axis of the second sealing member  2845 . 
     In some embodiments, when the laser mounting member  2840  is inserted into the bolt body member  2502 , the first seal member  2844  is configured to contact the first seal surface  2956 ′ and the second seal member  2845  is configured to contact the second seal surface  2957 ′. The end stop portion  2842  is configured to abut against a distal end surface  2503  of the bolt body member  2502 . An outer diameter of the end stop portion  2842  is greater than a maximum inner diameter of the second seal surface  2957 ′ 
     In some embodiments, the laser mounting member  2480  is made of one or more of a polymer, composite, and/or metallic material. The laser mounting member  2480  is configured to accommodate misalignment of one or more of the barrel  1310 , the bolt assembly  2500 , and the laser targeting system  2700 . Furthermore, because of the sensitive electronic components within the laser targeting system  2700 , the laser mounting member  2480  absorbs shock, via the one or more seal members  2844 ,  2845  to prevent damage to the laser targeting system  2700 . The laser mounting member  2480  further enables the laser targeting system  2700  to be quickly decoupled from or installed onto the bolt assembly  2500  when both the laser target system  2700  and the bolt assembly  2500  are removed from the rifle  1000 . This allows the laser target system  2700  to be quickly and easily separated from the bolt assembly  2500  for servicing and inspection. 
     The training weapon system  2000  (or any other training weapon systems described herein) can be used to perform any of the methods described herein, such as the method  3000  of installing the training weapon system  2000  (see  FIG.  29   ) and/or the method of  4000  of generating a simulated round in a firearm using the training weapon system  2000  (see  FIG.  30   ), as described below. 
     In some embodiments, the training weapon system  2000  can be installed in a firearm, such as AR-15 rifle  1000 . For example,  FIG.  29    is a flow chart showing a method  3000  of installing the training weapon system  2000  into the rifle  1000 . Although the method is described with reference to the training weapon system  2000  and the rifle  1000 , the method can be performed using other training weapons systems described herein and other related rifles and firearms. The method  3000  includes optionally coupling a target hit detection system  2700  (also referred to as a laser targeting system) to a bolt assembly  2500 , at  3010 . The method  3000  further includes inserting the bolt assembly  2500  into the barrel assembly  1300  of the rifle  1000 , at  3020 . The method  3000  includes rotating the bolt assembly  2500  relative to the barrel assembly  1300  of the rifle  1000  to lock the bolt assembly  2500  within the barrel assembly  1300 , at  3030 . In some embodiments, the rotating can be performed manually by hand without any tools. The method  3000  includes coupling the upper assembly  1100  to the lower assembly  1200  of the rifle, at  3040 . 
     The method  3000  includes coupling the magazine assembly  2600  to the bolt assembly  2500 . In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly  2600  includes aligning the nipple assembly  2630  of the magazine assembly  2600  with the bolt nipple connector  2570  of the bolt assembly  2500 , at  3050 . In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly  2600  further includes inserting the nipple assembly  2630  over the bolt nipple connector  2570 , at  3060 . In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly  2600  further includes centering a valve actuator pin  2624  relative to the bolt nipple connector  2570 , at  3070 . In some embodiments, the coupling of the magazine assembly  2600  includes depressing the valve actuator pin  2624  to release a pressurized gas from the magazine assembly into the bolt assembly  2500  upon completion of the attachment of the magazine assembly  2600  to the bolt assembly  2500 , at  3080 . 
     In some embodiments, the training weapon system  2000  can be operated to simulate firing of an ammunition round. For example,  FIG.  30    is a flow chart showing a method  4000  of operating the training weapon system  2000  to simulate recoil and to trigger a laser targeting system. Although the method is described with reference to the training weapon system  2000  and the rifle  1000 , the method can be performed using other training weapons systems described herein and other related rifles and firearms. The method  4000  includes conveying, via the bolt nipple connector  2570 , pressurized gas into the interior volume of the bolt body member  2502  of the bolt assembly  2500 , at  4010 . Optionally, the conveying pressurized gas includes pressurizing the interior volume of the bolt body member  2502  to a pressure of between about 3102.6 kPa (450 psi) to 4136.9 kPa (600 psi), at  4020 . The method  4000  includes actuating the balanced core  2510  to unseat the balanced core seal member  2515  from the bolt cap  2530 , thereby releasing pressurized gas from the interior volume of the bolt body member  2502 , at  4030 . In some embodiments, the actuating the balanced core  2510  includes moving the balanced core  2510  in the distal direction (i.e., towards the muzzle  1320  of the rifle  1000 ). The method  4000  includes conveying the released pressurized gas from the interior volume of the bolt body member  2502  to the bolt carrier body  2410 , at  4040 . The method  4000  includes actuating, via force from the spring member  2540 , the balanced core  2510  in the proximal direction (i.e., away from the muzzle  1320  of the rifle  1000 ) to seat the balanced core seal member  2515  back on the bolt cap  2530 , and as a result fluidically sealing the interior volume of the bolt body member  2502 , at  4050 . 
     The method  4000  includes actuating, via force from the released pressurized gas, the bolt carrier body  2410  in the proximal direction to simulate recoil resulting to a live ammunition round, at  4060 . The method  4000  includes actuating, via force from the action spring  1230 , the bolt carrier body  2410  in the distal direction to return the bolt carrier body  2410  back to the home position, at  4070 . The method  4000  includes actuating a switch of the laser targeting system  2700  to transmit a signal representative of a simulated round being fired from the firearm, at  4080 . 
     Although the steps of associated with the installation method  3000  and the operating method  4000  are shown and described in a particular order, the sequencing of the steps may be rearranged and/or the steps can be performed concurrently, as will be appreciated to one skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. 
     Although various embodiments have been described as having particular features and/or combinations of components, other embodiments are possible having a combination of any features and/or components from any of embodiments where appropriate.