Patent Publication Number: US-2022228343-A1

Title: Vibrating subsoil tool

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 16/827,442, filed Mar. 23, 2020, which claimed priority to, and the benefit of, granted U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 16/273,978, filed Feb. 12, 2019, which claimed priority to, and the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/629,716, filed Feb. 13, 2018, and which was a continuation-in-part of granted U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 15/893,486, filed Feb. 9, 2018, which claimed priority to, and the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/458,444, filed on Feb. 13, 2017, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention concerns a subsoil tool and method for using the tool for establishing and managing cultivated ground. More particularly, some embodiments of the present invention concern a tool that can be engaged with a tractor having one or more ripper assemblies for soil ripping, each ripper assembly having a shank and one or more oscillating wings. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Soil working and site preparation is important for the establishment and survival of cultivated crops. In the absence of adequate soil preparation, crops may struggle because of poor physical soil condition, in particular soil compaction. Compacted soils are not easily penetrated by plant root, which may struggle to assimilate the water and nutrients needed for growth and production. In turn, this leads to a general undesirable loss of plant vigor, and less than optimal performance. The condition of the soil is therefore a limiting factor on the production capacity of the area. 
     In general, soil ripping is conducted to improve soil condition and create a friable soil that roots of plants are able to penetrate and establish. The roots of any plant need to be encouraged so that they anchor the seedling and grow deep to access water and nutrients. However, current equipment used is not site specific. By contrast, the present invention allows for variability in the type of soil amelioration during use of the tool by reference to soil type and by reference to a soil map database. 
     Mounding is conducted in conjunction with or following ripping. In effect a raised, friable soil bed is created. This technique improves the benefits of ripping by enhancing water retention, greater soil depth and uniformity of crop. 
     Single pass tillage implements are known and have been used to perform both shallow and deeper tillage in a single pass. Single pass equipment provides considerable time efficiencies compared with conducting separate operations in multiple passes. 
     However, in any one area in which cultivation is to be established the soil condition and soil characteristics may vary considerably. Time taken to complete a task is frequently critical in the establishment of a cultivated area and it is hard for a land manager to make more than a relatively crude assessment of the variability of an area of land and of the varying requirement that the soil may have for treatment. The difficulty of this task is exacerbated by the fact that equipment used to perform these vital tasks is of a specialized nature. 
     In most cases the capital cost of equipment is considerable. This is particularly the case when the equipment is used on only a seasonal basis, or perhaps only as a once off in initial establishment of a cultivated area. Furthermore, the skills required to operate and maintain such equipment are typically beyond the available resources of most landholders. Accordingly, land cultivation is frequently carried out on a contract basis. 
     Tools and cultivation methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,626,401, incorporated herein by reference, issued to the same inventor of the present improvement (the &#39;401 Patent). The conventional tool of the &#39;401 Patent, and as shown in  FIG. 1  of the present application, includes two shanks mounted to a frame which can be towed by a tractor with two following rollers behind the shanks. Pivotally attached to the shank is a wing member directly engaged with a rod of a ram for rotating the wing. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The inventor has identified improvements on the tool of the &#39;401 Patent which, among other things, could be practiced with the methods disclosed therein. In particular, the improved tool of the present invention includes improvements to the wing mechanism and drive thereof as well as improvements to features for protecting the device from the stresses of operation. Some of such improvements include, but are not limited to: different wear plates and guards can be provided and tailored to soil structure; ability to change amplitude and frequency of oscillation of the wings based on soil structure; ability to change wing shape and size relative to soil structure and depth of penetration into the soil; addition of multiple wings achievable of varying angles for purpose of site specific blending of prescribed amendments and fertilizers throughout the soil profile; vertical hydraulic adjustment of shank depth into the soil to allow variable depth ripping in conjunction with prescribed GPS mapping; armored plated shanks with protective iron wear plates to extend life thereof; the use of a hydraulic ram engaged with a “boomerang”-shaped power link increases force applied as well as rate of oscillation resulting in greater soil decompaction efficiency. 
     Embodiments of the present invention may include one or more ripper assemblies which are attached to the toolbar portion of a tractor. The positioning of the toolbar can be adjusted by one or more hydraulic toolbar cylinders. In some embodiments, a ripper assembly may include a shank, a front wear plate, a wear guard, forward wing links, a wing rod, a power link, and a drive box. In certain embodiments, additional implements, such as a roller, may be attached to a ripper assembly and/or toolbar. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the shape of a shank may be generally parabolic. However, it is to be appreciated that a shank could be a plurality of shapes, which may be contemplated in accordance with the type of soil to be ripped. Furthermore, a shank may have one or more vertical adjustment holes to adjust the position of the shank relative to the toolbar. A shank may be secured by inserting a bolt or other fastener through a vertical adjustment hole and through a mounting hole in the toolbar. 
     In certain embodiments, a shank may have a pointed front portion terminating in a lower tip which engages the soil. To prevent wear, the lower terminating point of a shank may include a foot having a pointed tooth, which may be removably attached to the shank, so it can be replaced when worn. To prevent wear to the sides of a shank, in some embodiments, one or more armored plates may be welded, or otherwise attached, to one or both sides of a shank. 
     An additional wear point may exist on the front edge of a shank. As a result, some embodiments of the present invention may include a front wear plate, which may be removably engaged with a shank, so it can be replaced when worn. In certain embodiments, a front wear plate may extend along the front curved portion of a shank. A front wear plate may also have a shape generally the same as the front curved portion of a shank. It is to be appreciated, however, that other shapes are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, a front wear plate may be engaged to a shank via a tab and bolt (or other fastening means). A shank may have a recess where a tab, engaging a front wear plate to a shank, may be positioned. In certain embodiments, a tab may be partially below portions of a shank covered by a foot or front wear plate that is engaged with a shank. Some embodiments of the present invention may have a front wear plate which may include a main section having a width about equal to that of a shank or that of the combined width of a shank and its armored plate(s). Furthermore, a front wear plate may, in certain embodiments, have a protrusion which can be rectangular, triangular, or any other regular or irregular shape. 
     Other embodiments of the present invention may include a wear guard at the top straight portion of a shank. A wear guard may be positioned between a gap between a front wear plate and a shank. In some embodiments, a wear guard may include band portions on both sides of a shank. To protect against shearing stresses, a shield may be provided on a wear guard. It is to be appreciated that a plurality of wear guard sizes may be provided depending on, among other things, which vertical adjustment holes are used to attach a shank to a toolbar. 
     Embodiments of the present invention may include a ripper assembly having a plurality of moveable wings to aid in soil amelioration. One or more forward wing links may be attached to a lower portion of a shank by a pivot. In certain embodiments, one or more forward wing links may include a wing member that may be integrally formed with, or removably attached to, the wing link(s). One or more shields may also be provided on one or more wing links to prevent shearing forces. 
     A ripper assembly may also include a wing rod, which may be engaged with one or more forward wing links at a forward wing pivot to allow pivotal movement therebetween. In some embodiments, a wing rod may include one or more following wings on either or both sides of the wing rod. A wing rod may also include a plurality of wing adjustment holes for insertion of one or more bolts to engage one or more following wings. In certain embodiments, a shield may be provided on one or more following wings to reduce bolt shearing stresses. It is to be appreciated that, in some embodiments, following wings can be engaged at a plurality of positions. It is further to be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention may include a plurality of wing shapes, designs, and constructions. 
     Motion of wing links and wing rods may be controlled by one or more hydraulic cylinders directly or indirectly engaged with a toolbar of a tractor, which interact with a power link that is engaged with a wing rod at one or more wing rod pivots, causing movement about a bushing. In some embodiments, a drive box may be directly or indirectly mounted to a toolbar, for example and without limitation, by securing bolts through one or more holes of a bracket of a drive box housing into holes in the toolbar. In preferred embodiments, a hydraulic drive box cylinder may be positioned inside the drive box housing. The drive box cylinder may be indirectly engaged with a wing rod via a power link, in some embodiments, by a rod of the drive box cylinder engaged with a first end of the power link and the wing rod engaged with a second end of the power link. The power link may be rotatably engaged to the drive box cylinder at a medial point. A drive box cylinder may also include one or more ports through which hydraulic fluid may flow. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a ripper assembly may include an improved power link particularly adapted for use in connection with the improved tractor mounting assembly disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/629,716 (the “&#39;716 Application”). The improved power link may have a generally triangular shape which, at its apexes, may be engaged with a drive cylinder, a toolbar of a tractor, and the wing rod of a ripper assembly. In some embodiments, the improved power link may engage a toolbar of a tractor indirectly, for example, by means of a drive box. 
     Advantageously, the presently improved tool may be used in accordance with those methods described in the &#39;401 patent. Generally, the improved tool may utilize established soil profiles over an area of land to optimize soil amelioration. Soil profiles may be used to develop a cultivation plan, which can be provided to a computerized controller for configuring the improved tool. As a tractor, equipped with the improved tool, is driven through the land, the computerized controller can receive tractor position information and operate hydraulic pumps associated with the toolbar cylinders and drive box cylinders, so that each move in accordance with the cultivation plan. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view diagram illustrating the conventional tool shown in the &#39;401 Patent. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view diagram illustrating a tool in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a side view diagram illustrating a ripper assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a front view diagram illustrating a ripper assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a cutaway (or cross-sectional) view diagram illustrating a portion of a driving mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a cutaway (or cross-sectional) view diagram illustrating the lower portion of a ripper assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 7A through 7C  are side view diagrams illustrating how different configurations of the toolbar cylinders orient, relative to the soil, a ripper assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are side view diagrams illustrating how different configurations of the toolbar cylinders can vary the relative angles of the shank and wings in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a rear view diagram illustrating a tool in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a magnified view of the lower front portion of a shank illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
         FIG. 11  is an exploded front perspective view of exemplary forward wings and forward wing links in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a rear perspective view of exemplary forward wings and forward wing links in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a front perspective view of wear guard in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a following wing in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is another exploded front perspective view of exemplary forward wings and forward wing links in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a front perspective view of a front wear plate in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a side view diagram illustrating a ripper assembly in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view diagram illustrating a ripper assembly, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, engaged with a toolbar of mounting assembly. 
         FIG. 19  is a side view diagram of the exemplary ripper assembly illustrated in  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view diagram illustrating an exemplary improved power link portion of the exemplary ripper assembly illustrated in  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 21  is a side view diagram illustrating a ripper assembly, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, engaged with a toolbar of a mounting assembly. 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view diagram illustrating an exemplary improved power link portion of the exemplary ripper assembly illustrated in  FIG. 21 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
     The invention, in its various aspects, will be explained in greater detail below. While the invention will be described in conjunction with several exemplary embodiments, the exemplary embodiments themselves do not limit the scope of the invention. Similarly, the exemplary illustrations in the accompanying drawings, where like elements have like numerals, do not limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments and/or invention, including any length, angles, or other measurements provided. Rather the invention, as defined by the claims, may cover alternatives, modifications, and/or equivalents of the exemplary embodiments. 
     Exemplary Ripper Assembly, Tool, and System 
     Referring now to the exemplary illustrations, where like reference numbers represent like items, and in particular to  FIGS. 2-6 , at least one ripper assembly  10  can be attached to a toolbar  5  portion of a tractor. The position of toolbar  5  relative to the tractor can be changed by a plurality of hydraulic toolbar cylinders  3 . Although there are three ripper assemblies shown attached to the toolbar in  FIG. 2 , it is to be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention include any number of ripper assemblies. 
     As shown more particularly in the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 3 , ripper assembly  10  may include shank  21 , front wear plate  41 , wear guard  51 , forward wing link  61 A, forward wing link  61 B (seen in the cutaway illustration of  FIG. 6 ), wing rod  71 , power link  81 , and drive box  90 . In some embodiments, additional implements may be attached to a ripper assembly and toolbar. For example, and without limitation, a roller, such as that depicted in the &#39;401 Patent (shown in  FIG. 1 ), may be attached to a ripper assembly  10  and/or toolbar  5 . 
     Shank  21  can generally have a parabolic shape having a pointed front portion terminating in a lower tip and a generally straight and vertical rear portion. It is to be appreciated, however, that other shapes are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, shank  21  can include a “J” shape. The top of shank  21  may include one or more vertical adjustment holes  28 A,  28 B for adjusting the position of shank  21  relative to toolbar  5 . Shank  21  may be inserted into a slot of toolbar  5  and a fastener (for example, and without limitation, a bolt) may be inserted through one of vertical adjustment holes  28 A,  28 B and through a mounting hole in toolbar  5 . It is to be appreciated that securement of shank  21  to toolbar  5  through the lower vertical adjustment hole  28 B will cause shank  21  to be positioned higher relative to the soil than if shank  21  was secured to toolbar  5  through the upper vertical adjustment hole  28 A. 
     It is to be appreciated that the forward and lower termination points of shank  21 , in operation, are the most forward portions of the ripper assembly  10  that engage the soil and are wear points. In some embodiments, foot  25  having pointed tooth  26  may be removably attached to the forward portion of shank  21  (as can be seen in  FIG. 6 ), so that it can be replaced when worn instead of requiring replacement of the entirety of shank  21 . Additional wear points are on the side of shank  21 . In some embodiments, one or more armored plates can be provided on one or more sides of the shank. For example, and without limitation, armored plates  27 A,  27 B can be provided on the side of shank  21  (and additional armored plates can be provided on the other side of the shank). In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 17 , armored plates  27 A,  27 B,  27 C can extend along the length of shank  21  which is to be inserted into the soil. In preferred embodiments, armored plates  27 A,  27 B,  27 C can be welded to shank  21 , however, it is to be appreciated that other attachments means are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, the armored plates can be removably engaged with the shank via one or more fasteners so that they may be replaced when worn. 
     Another wear point is on the front edge of shank  21 . In some embodiments, front wear plate  41  may be removably engaged with shank  21 , so that it can be replaced when worn instead of requiring replacement of the entirety of shank  21 . In some embodiments, front wear plate  41  may extend along the front curved portion of shank  21 . Front wear plate  41  can have a shape generally the same as the front edge of shank  21 , and can be engaged to shank  21  via tab  43  and bolt  49 . As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , shank  21  may have a recess in the bottom portion wherein tab  43  of front wear plate  41  may be positioned. In some embodiments, the recess may be partially below that portion of shank  21  covered by foot  25  when foot  25  is engaged with shank  21 . In preferred embodiments, and as illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 16 , front wear plate  41  may have a main section  45  having a width about equal to the combined width of shank  21  and the armored plate(s). In some embodiments, front wear plate  41  may also have a narrower forward facing protrusion  42  which can be rectangular, triangular, or any other shape. For example, and without limitation, protrusion  42  may have a “blade” type configuration (as shown in  FIG. 16 ) for use in rocky soil. In other examples, the protrusion may have a concave rib or member nearly extending the width of main section  45  for use in clay soil. It is to be appreciated, however, that front wear plate  41  may omit any protrusion, which is particularly useful with sandy soil. To protect bolt  49  from shear stresses in operation, front wear plate  41  may include shield  44  forward of bolt  49  and extending outwardly relative to shank  21 . 
     In preferred embodiments, wear guard  51  may also be provided at the top portion of shank  21  (as shown in  FIG. 3 ). Wear guard  51  may have a front lower portion that can be positioned between, and thus retained by, a uppermost gap between front wear plate  41  and shank  21 . It is to be appreciated that a plurality of sizes of wear guard  51  may be provided depending on, among other things, which vertical adjustment holes  28 A,  28 B are used to attach shank  21  to toolbar  5 . In some embodiments, wear guard  51  may include band portions on both sides of the shank (best seen in  FIG. 13 ) terminating at connecting bolt  59 . Shield  54  may be provided on wear guard  51  to protect against shearing stresses. In preferred embodiments, a longer wear guard is to be utilized when the upper vertical adjustment hole  28 A is used to attach shank  21  to toolbar  5 . 
     Advantageously, the ripper assembly may include a plurality of movable wings to aid in soil amelioration. Forward wing link  61 A and forward wing link  61 B (on the other side of shank  21  as shown in  FIG. 6 ) may be attached to shank  21  on a lower portion thereof by shank pivot  22 . In preferred embodiments, forward wings links  61 A,  61 B can be symmetrical along a center line at which they are engaged with shank  21 . In certain embodiments, a center line may be an axis defined by shank  21 . Shank pivot  22  permits forward wing links  61 A,  61 B to pivot at an end thereof relative to shank  21 . Each of forward wing links  61 A,  61 B may include a wing member, for example, forward wing link  61 A may have forward wing  63 A. Forward wing  63 A, in preferred embodiments, is integrally formed with forward wing link  61 A. However, in some other embodiments, the forward wings may be removably attached to the forward wing links. One or more shields  64 ,  65  may be provided on the forward wing links  61 A,  61 B to protect against shearing stresses. Wing rod  71  may be engaged with each of forward wing links  61 A,  61 B at forward wing pivot  62  to permit pivotal movement therebetween. Wing rod  71  can include one or more following wings  73 A,  73 B,  75 A,  75 B. It is to be appreciated that, as shown in  FIG. 2 , following wings are on both sides of wing rod  71 . Advantageously following wings  73 A,  73 B,  75 A,  75 B can, in some embodiments, be placed at a plurality of positions. Wing rod  71  may include a plurality of wing adjustment holes  78  along a portion of the length thereof through which bolts  79  may be inserted for engaging the following wings  73 A,  73 B,  75 A,  75 B. Analogous to the other bolts, shields  74  may be positioned on following wings  73 A,  73 B,  75 A,  75 B to reduce bolt shearing stresses. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 4, 9, and 10 , in preferred embodiments, following wings  73 A,  73 B can be symmetrical along a center line at which they are engaged with wing rod  71  (i.e., protrusions from each side of wing rod  71  are about the same). Likewise, following wings  75 A,  75 B can be symmetrical along a center line at which they are engaged with wing rod  71 . Similarly, in preferred embodiments, each of forward wings  63 A,  63 B can be symmetrical along a center line at which they are indirectly engaged (by forward wing links) with shank  21 . In certain embodiments, a center line may be an axis defined by wing rod  71  or shank  21 . Following wings  73 A,  73 B may be symmetrical with following wings  75 A,  75 B, or as illustrated, may be different. However, it is to be appreciated that embodiments of the invention include other wing shapes, designs, and constructions. In some embodiments, when three ripper assemblies are attached to a toolbar, the forward wings and following wings may have a similar configuration (for example, and without limitation, as shown in  FIG. 9  the wing configuration of each ripper assembly may be similarly configured). It is to be appreciated however that the wing configurations on a single ripper assembly may vary and the wing configurations on different ripper assemblies may vary. Further, the distal protrusion of the individual wings from a shank may vary, as well the distal protrusion of the different wings on different shanks may vary. It is further to be appreciated that the shapes and configurations of the multiple forward wings and following wings as illustrated in the drawings are not meant, nor should be interpreted, as limiting the scope of the invention (i.e., some embodiments of the invention concern tools having asymmetrical forward wings and following wings, and differing forward wing and following wing configurations on the same or on different ripper assemblies). 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  show exploded and assembled, respectively, perspectives of forward wing links  61 A,  61 B and forward wings  63 A,  63 B in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, forward wings  63 A,  63 B may be integrally formed with forward wing links  61 A,  61 B, may be fixedly engaged via one or more fasteners, or may be permanently attached (for example by welding) to forward wing links  61 A,  61 B. As illustrated, both of the forward wings  63 A,  63 B (on either side of the shank) can, in some embodiments, be mirror images and forward wing links  61 A,  61 B may be joined together. In some embodiments, shank pivot  22  may comprise multiple components which are fitted together. Similarly, forward wing pivot  62  may also comprise multiple components which are fitted together. Forward wing links  61 A,  61 B may be stabilized and engaged together by spacer  60 . In some embodiments, spacer  60  may include holes, slots, and/or tabs and be secured by one or bolts, as illustrated in  FIGS. 11 and 12 . However it is to be appreciated that other mechanisms of attachment of the forward wing links are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation,  FIG. 15  illustrates another embodiment in which forward wings links  61 A and  61 B may engaged by a single hole through which a pin or bolt may be inserted. Forward wing links  61 A,  61 B may also include shields that are placed near the shank pivot and forward wing pivots. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C , vertical and rotational adjustment of the shank may be made by adjustment of toolbar cylinders  3 . As illustrated in the figures, the upper toolbar cylinder may control the rotation of the ripper assembly and the lower toolbar cylinder may control the vertical displacement of the ripper assembly.  FIG. 7A  illustrates partial extension of the upper toolbar cylinder,  FIG. 7B  shows maximal retraction of the upper toolbar cylinder, and  FIG. 7C  depicts maximal extension of the upper toolbar cylinder. It can be seen that whether upper toolbar cylinder is maximally extended, maximally retracted, or somewhere in between, the height of the toolbar and thus upper portion of the shank is about the same (e.g., height A 1  of  FIG. 7A , height A 2  of  FIG. 7B , and height A 3  of  FIG. 7C  is about the same). On the other hand, the extension or retraction of the upper toolbar cylinder affects the rotation of the shank and thus the operating depth of the lower portion or foot of the shank. For example, maximal extension of the upper toolbar cylinder as shown in  FIG. 7C  may rotate the shank forwards towards the tractor thus causing the foot of the shank to be positioned at a height above the soil (height B 3 ), while maximal retraction of the upper toolbar cylinder as shown in  FIG. 7B  may rotate the shank rearwards from the tractor thus causing the foot of the shank to be positioned at a height below the soil (height B 2 ). Partial extension of the upper toolbar cylinder, as shown in  FIG. 7A  may position the shank generally vertical having a height B 1  relative to the soil between height B 3  of  FIG. 7C  and B 2  of  FIG. 7B . Similarly, in contrasting the illustration of  FIG. 7A  (wherein the upper toolbar cylinder is partially extended and the lower toolbar cylinder is maximally retracted) and the illustration of  FIG. 8A  (wherein the upper toolbar cylinder is partially extended and the lower toolbar cylinder is maximally extended), it is evident that the lower toolbar cylinder can position the entirety of the shank, and the foot, deeper in the soil to a height B 4  when the lower toolbar cylinder is maximally extended than the height B 1  when the lower toolbar cylinder is maximally retracted. It is to be appreciated that the foregoing discussion is meant to illustrate, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, the relative positioning and rotation of the shank as controlled by one or more toolbar cylinders. 
     Motion of the forward wing links and wing rods (and thus the forward wings and following wings) may be enabled by hydraulic elements, such as one or more hydraulic cylinders. In some embodiments, hydraulic elements in drive box  90  may enable motion of the forward wing links and wing rods, by oscillating power link  81  about bushing  85 , which is engaged with wing rod  71  at wing rod pivots  72 A or  72 B. Referring now to the cutaway view of  FIG. 5 , wing rod  71  may include one or more wing rod pivots  72 A,  72 B to which power link  81  may be engaged. It is to be appreciated that the selection of to which of wing rod pivots  72 A and  72 B is engaged to power link  81  can be made with reference to, among other things, the amount of upward travel of wing rod  71  is desired, the speed at which wing rod  71  is to be moved, and the power of the hydraulics. 
     Drive box  90  may be mounted directly or indirectly to toolbar  5 , for example, and without limitation, by bracket  98  of housing  91  having holes therein through which bolts (not shown) can be inserted. In preferred embodiments, a hydraulic drive box cylinder  93  may be positioned on the inside of housing  91  of drive box  90 . Drive box cylinder  93  may be directly or indirectly engaged with wing rod. In preferred embodiments, drive box cylinder  93  may be indirectly engaged with wing rod  71  by (i) pivotal engagement of cylinder rod  96  to a first end of power link  81  via connecting pin  92  and (ii) pivotal engagement of wing rod  71  to a second end of power link  81  via wing rod pivots  72 A or  72 B. Drive box cylinder  93  may include ports  94 A,  94 B through which hydraulic fluid may flow to operate the drive box cylinder. As hydraulic fluid is provided into drive box cylinder  93  through port  94 A, cylinder rod  96  extends outwardly, rotating power link  81  counterclockwise (accordingly to the exemplary configuration illustrated in  FIG. 5 ) about bushing  85 . After cylinder rod  96  has been extended from drive box cylinder  93 , hydraulic fluid can be provided through port  94 B, which retracts cylinder rod  96 , and causes power link  81  to rotate clockwise about bushing  85 . 
     Cycling hydraulic fluid through ports  94 A,  94 B thus causes the wings of the present invention to oscillate, which when inserted into the soil, improves amelioration. In some embodiments, the oscillation frequency may be between 0.1 and 4 cycles per second, and preferably, one cycle per 0.8 seconds (or 1.25 cycles per second). However, it is to be appreciated that other frequencies are contemplated in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. It is also to be appreciated that, when two or more ripper assemblies are provided on the toolbar, each can have the same or different oscillating frequencies. 
     Exemplary Operation of the Improved Tool 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 8A and 8B , as the cylinder rod of the drive box cylinder motions from the down position to the raised position, it pushes or pulls on the power link which applies the opposite action to the wing rod, initiating the motion of the following wings and the forward wings. As the cylinder rod moves through its motion, the forward wings travel through an arc while the following wings rotate through an arc as well as move slightly forward or backward. The change in degree applies pressure to the soil as it flows over the face of the forward wings and the following wings. As this pressure is applied to the soil, it causes the soil particles to rupture and split apart creating a smooth and homogenous tilth. As the soil slides over the faces of the wings, it cascades off into the open space beneath the wings and allows for better blending of stratified soils. The vertical pressure applied to the soil by the angular surfaces of the wing when the cylinder rod is maximally extended (e.g., the condition illustrated in  FIG. 8B ) causes lift in the soil, while the rotational motion of the wing causes the mixing effect. As the forward wings and following wings motion upward, they create a momentary increase in the draft applied to the tractor as a vertical load which can increase the tractive efficiency of the tractor. When the forward wings and following wings motion downward, the load is released and the tractor operates under a normal load scenario. While the forward wings rotate upward, it increases in angle, while the following wings decrease in angle. This allows for a more consistent soil movement. 
     As illustrated, the angles of the wings relative to the nominal soil grade vary throughout cycling of the wing rod. When the cylinder rod is maximally retracted, as illustrated in  FIG. 8A , the forward wings have angle α 1  relative to the soil grade, the lower following wings have angle α 2  relative to the soil grade, and the upper following wings have angle α 3  relative to the soil grade. Similarly, when the cylinder rod is maximally extended, as illustrated in  FIG. 8B , the forward wings have angle β 1  relative to the soil grade, the lower following wings have angle β 2  relative to the soil grade, and the upper following wings have angle β 3  relative to the soil grade. Angles α 1 , α 1 , and α 3  are smaller, respectively, than angles β 1 , β 2 , and β 3 . 
     In preferred embodiments, the forward wings are provided with flatter angles as the tooth falls deeper and are provided with steeper angles as the tooth rises to shallower depths. Along with the forward wings, the following wings angle relationship corresponds to the overall depth. The deeper the forward wings and following wings travel, the narrower the overall size is required to be for similar effect on the soil. As the forward wings and the following wings decrease in depth, the size of the angular surface must increase to positively work the soils. 
     Exemplary Method of Using the Improved Tool 
     The presently improved tool is particularly well suited for, and provides significant benefits to, amelioration of contiguous land having varying soil profiles. The presently improved tool is well suited for methods of use which are the same, with or without modification, to those described in the &#39;401 Patent. 
     More particularly, a plurality of soil profiles at pre-determined intervals over an array over an area of soil to be cultivated could be surveyed and established. In some embodiments, the soil profiles can include things such as crop yield information, extent of soil compaction, any existing root depth and width, physical, chemical, nutritional, or environmental factors which affect soil performance (both at the surface and sub-surface level), and soil types. This information can also include historical surveys as well as prior amelioration protocols. The array of information can be placed in a database along with positioning information (for example, and without limitation, GPS coordinates) to assist in the amelioration. 
     Once the soil profiles are established, a treatment or cultivation plan can be prepared. The plan can include, for example and without limitation, for each element in the array, the depth to which the soil should be ripped, the oscillating frequency of the wings, whether soil amendments or fertilizer should be added, the particular size, shape, positioning and number of wings to be provided, the number of ripping assemblies to be used, the insertion height(s) of the shank(s) into the toolbar (i.e., which vertical adjustment hole to use), the insertion depth(s) of the shank(s) into the soil, the rotational position(s) of the shank(s), and the height of the wing rod relative to the power link (i.e., which ring rod pivot to use). 
     Use of the presently improved tool can then be made in accordance with the plan. After the tool is configured in accordance with the plan, as the tractor is driven through the land, speed and position information may be determined by a location determining apparatus (for example, and without limitation, a GPS receiver) and transmitted to a computerized controller with an electronically readable form of the cultivation plan. The electronically readable cultivation plan can comprise instructions in a memory element associated with said computerized controller. The computerized controller can compare the position of the tractor to the coordinates in the plan array and determine, among other things, the rotation of the shank(s) and insertion depth(s) thereof into the soil, along with the height and oscillating frequency of the wings. This information can be translated and can be conveyed to hydraulic pumps associated with the toolbar cylinder(s) and the drive box cylinder(s). As the tractor moves, based on the position of the tractor, the toolbar and drive box cylinders move automatically in accordance with the amelioration plan. 
     Improved Power Link 
     In some aspects, the present invention provides an improved power link (and configurations including such power links) for driving the wing rod of a ripper assembly via a drive cylinder. In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, certain improved power link configurations in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are particularly adapted for use in connection with the improved tractor mounting assembly of the &#39;716 Application. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 18-20 , in one embodiment of the present invention, a ripper assembly  300 , having a power link  381 , may be engaged with the toolbar portion of a tractor mounting assembly  200 . Power link  381  may have a generally triangular shape (or exaggerated “boomerang” shape) and, at its apexes, may be pivotally engaged at connecting pin  392 , bushing  385 , and wing rod pivot  372 . Power link  381  may be engaged with cylinder rod  396  of drive cylinder  393  at connecting pin  392  at an upper apex of power link  381 . Power link  381  may be engaged with wing rod  371  at wing rod pivot  372  at a distal or rear apex of power link  381 . Power link  381  may be engaged to the toolbar of the tractor mounting assembly  200 , directly or indirectly, at bushing  385  at a proximal or forward apex of power link  381 . For purposes of the discussion of power link  381 , “upper apex” is defined as the portion of the triangular power link  381  generally nearest to the top of the toolbar, “proximal apex” or “forward apex” is defined as the portion of the triangular power link  381  generally nearest in the horizontal direction shank  321 , and “distal apex” or “rear apex” is defined as the portion of the triangular power link  381  generally furthest in the horizontal direction shank  321 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 21 and 22 , in another embodiment of the present invention, a ripper assembly  400 , having a power link  481 , may be engaged with the toolbar portion of a tractor mounting assembly  500 . Power link  481  may have a generally triangular shape and, at its apexes, may be pivotally engaged at connecting pin  492 , bushing  485 , and wing rod pivot  472 . Power link  481  may be engaged with a cylinder rod of a drive cylinder (not illustrated) at connecting pin  492  at an upper apex of power link  481 . Power link  481  may be engaged with wing rod  471  at wing rod pivot  472  at a proximal or forward apex of power link  481 . Power link  481  may be engaged to the toolbar of the tractor mounting assembly  500 , directly or indirectly, at bushing  485  at a distal or rear apex of power link  481 . For purposes of the discussion of power link  481 , “upper apex” is defined as the portion of the triangular power link  481  generally nearest to the top of the toolbar, “proximal apex” or “forward apex” is defined as the portion of the triangular power link  481  generally nearest in the horizontal direction shank  421 , and “distal apex” or “rear apex” is defined as the portion of the triangular power link  481  generally furthest in the horizontal direction shank  421 . 
     It is to be appreciated that power link  381  or power link  481  may be engaged to a toolbar indirectly (for example and without limitation, by pivotal engagement at bushing  385  or bushing  485 , respectively, to a drive box analogous to drive box  90 ). It is also to be appreciated that, in some embodiments, power link  381  and  481  may have a more defined triangular shape relative to power link  81 . Moreover it is to be appreciated that power link  381  and  481  may be pivotal with respect to a drive box or toolbar at a (proximal) forward or (distal) rear apex, respectively, whereas power link  81  may be pivotal with respect to a drive box or toolbar medially. 
     As illustrated and discussed herein, several configurations of a power link are embodied in the present invention. In one embodiment, and as illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 5 , power link  81  may be (i) pivotally engaged to a toolbar, directly, or, indirectly via housing  91  of drive box  90 , near a medial portion of power link  81  at bushing  85 , (ii) pivotally engaged to cylinder rod  96  of drive box cylinder  93  near a proximal or forward end of power link  81  at connecting pin  92 , and (iii) pivotally engaged to wing rod  71  near a distal or rear end of power link  81  at wing rod pivot  72 . In another embodiment, and as illustrated in  FIG. 20 , power link  381  may be (i) pivotally engaged to a toolbar, directly or indirectly, near a proximal or forward apex of power link  381  at bushing  385 , (ii) pivotally engaged to cylinder rod  396  of drive box cylinder  393  near an upper apex of power link  381  at connecting pin  392 , and (iii) pivotally engaged to wing rod  371  near a distal or rear apex of power link  381  at wing rod pivot  372 . In another embodiment, and as illustrated in  FIG. 22 , power link  481  may be (i) pivotally engaged to a toolbar, directly or indirectly, near a distal or rear apex of power link  481  at bushing  485 , (ii) pivotally engaged to a cylinder rod of a drive box cylinder (not shown) near an upper apex of power link  481  at connecting pin  492 , and (iii) pivotally engaged to wing rod  471  near a proximal or forward apex of power link  481  at wing rod pivot  472 . It is appreciated however that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated and described above, but rather, other pivotal configurations of a power link are contemplated in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention. 
     In comparison, and with reference to  FIGS. 5, 20, and 22 , power link  81  may engage a toolbar at a medial portion, power link  381  may engage a toolbar at a proximal or forward apex, and power link  481  may engage a toolbar at a distal or rear apex. Power link  81  may engage wing rod  71  at a distal or rear end (furthest from shank  21 ), power link  381  may engage wing rod  371  at a distal or rear apex, and power link  481  may engage wing rod  471  at a proximal or forward apex. Power link  81  may engage a cylinder rod of a drive box cylinder at a proximal or forward end (closest to shank  21 ), power link  381  may engage a cylinder rod of a drive box cylinder at an upper apex, and power link  481  may engage a cylinder rod of a drive box cylinder an upper apex. 
     It is to be appreciated that the present invention contemplates a number of wing rod shapes. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , wing rod  71  is engaged at a distal end of power link  81  furthest from shank  21 , and has a generally straight shape between wing rod pivot  72  and forward wing pivot  62 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 19 and 20 , wing rod  371  is engaged at a rear apex of power link  381 , and has a generally “J” shape between wing rod pivot  373  and the pivot at the forward wing link (e.g., curves inwards towards shank  321  near the forward wing link). As illustrated in  FIG. 21 , wing rod  471  is engaged at a forward apex of power link  481 , and has a generally “J” shape approximating the shape of the rear edge of shank  421 . In certain embodiments, the wing rod of a ripper assembly may approximate the shape of the rear edge of the shank and engage a rear apex of the power link, such that a top portion of the wing rod curves away from the shank. In this configuration, the wing rod has a generally “S” shape between the engagement point with the power link and the pivot at the forward wing link. It is to be appreciated that wing rod  71 , wing rod  371 , and wing rod  471  have different shapes and different ranges of movement relative to the shanks (e.g., wing rod  71  and wing rod  371  have greater forward and rearward components of oscillation, than wing rod  471 . In addition, it is to be appreciated that a closer spacing between with wing rod and the shank prevents soil from passing through, accumulating between, the shank and the wing rod, thereby reducing drag and preventing wear or damage to the parts. 
     It is to be understood that variations, modifications, and permutations of embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope thereof. It is also to be understood that the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments, descriptions, or illustrations or combinations of either components or steps disclosed herein. Thus, although reference has been made to the accompanying figures, it is to be appreciated that these figures are exemplary and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention.