Patent Publication Number: US-2007113763-A1

Title: Liquid distribution apparatus for distributing liquid into a seed furrow

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
      This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/819,565 entitled “Liquid Distribution Apparatus for Distributing Liquid into a Seed Furrow” filed Apr. 6, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/228,688 entitled “Liquid Distribution Apparatus for Distributing Liquid into a Seed Furrow” filed Aug. 26, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/832,740 entitled “Liquid Distribution Apparatus for Distributing Liquid Into a Seed Furrow” filed Apr. 9, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,453,832 B1, which is a non-provisional application claiming priority to provisional application 60/195,942, and which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/563,106 entitled “Extension for Reducing Seed Bounce and Associated Hose Attachment” filed May 2, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,283,050 B1, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/881,177 entitled “Extension for Reducing Seed Bounce and Associated Attachment Brackets” filed Jun. 23, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,275, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/550,088 entitled “Extension for Reducing Seed Bounce” filed Oct. 30, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,915. The contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
      The invention relates to agricultural seed planters and drills, and more particularly to seed planters and drills that include apparatus adapted to properly place seeds in a seed furrow and further include liquid distribution apparatus for distributing liquids within the seed furrow.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      Agricultural seed planting is typically accomplished by multi-row planters and drills. Each planter and drill comprise a plurality of row units adapted for opening a seed furrow, depositing seeds within the furrow, and closing the seed furrow around the seeds.  
      The placement of the seeds in the furrow greatly effects the growth characteristics of the plants. The seeds are deposited in the seed furrow through a seed tube attached to the row unit. The seed tube is designed to deposit the seeds in the bottom of the furrow. However, as the seeds descend through the seed tube, they are prone to bouncing, which ultimately affects where the seeds lie in the furrow. In addition, the seeds may bounce off the soil when they land in the furrow, which also affects where the seeds lie in the furrow. To properly place the seeds in the bottom of the furrow an extension may be fixed to the seed tube to properly direct the seeds into the vertex of the furrow.  
      In addition to properly placing the seeds in the vertex of the furrow, it is oftentimes also desirable to provide various liquids in the furrow along with the seeds to facilitate plant growth and the ultimate crop yield. The liquids included in the furrow may be liquid fertilizers, liquid insecticides, liquid starters, inoculants, and water. However, problems can arise when providing liquid directly into the furrow along with the seeds. Drenching the seed in fertilizer may result in burning the seed which has a negative impact on plant growth and the ultimate crop yield. Accordingly, it is desirable to place liquids in the furrow along with the seeds without drenching seeds. In some instances, it is desirable to place liquid in the furrow well above the seeds to further avoid the risk that the liquid will come in contact with the seeds. Distributing a liquid higher on the seed V walls also allows a higher concentration of fertilizer, insecticide, or other liquid to be distributed in the furrow without negatively impacting seed growth.  
      Numerous benefits are derived from in-furrow liquid distribution, such as maximizing the effectiveness of the liquid introduced into the furrow, in some situations reducing the volume of a particular liquid required to achieve a desired effect in other situations increasing the volume or concentration of a liquid to achieve a desired effect, and minimizing the time required for a particular liquid to effect the seed.  
      Liquid fertilizer placement disks may be added to the planter row units for placing liquid in a separate trench next to the seed furrow. The liquid fertilizer placement disks create a trench about 2 inches to the side of the seed furrow and about two inches deep and deposit liquid into the trench, which is commonly referred to as 2×2 fertilizer application. The liquid fertilizer disks, however, are very expensive, require large amounts of fertilizer because of the remote location from the seeds, and do not provide for in-furrow distribution of liquid.  
      Referring to  FIGS. 1A-1E , an in-furrow liquid dispensing device is illustrated, the device connected with a KEETON SEED FIRMER™. The seed firmer is adapted to press seeds into the seed furrow as shown in  FIG. 1A . The device includes a diverter, which is shown in  FIG. 1D  and shown in section in  FIG. 1F , plugged into a hose running along the length of the seed firmer. The diverter defines a first liquid diversion channel and a second liquid diversion channel for diverting liquid adjacent the seeds embedded in the furrow by the seed firmer as shown in  FIG. 1B . Referring to  FIGS. 1F-1G , a liquid dispensing device as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,274 to Jeffrey Peter is shown connected with a Keeton Seed Firmer.  
      There are several potential disadvantages and problems with the liquid dispensing devices illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-1G . One potential problem is that these liquid dispensing devices have small diameter openings for the liquids to pass through. For example, the liquid diversion channels of the diverter are about 1/16″ diameter outlets. Heavier fertilizers in some instances do not flow evenly from these small diameter outlets. Additionally, when used with heavy materials such as fertilizer that require a larger opening to pass through, these devices may plug-up and stop the flow of material. When plugging occurs, inadequate amounts of product will be placed in the furrow by the plugged lines.  
      Another problem is that to avoid plugging, the liquid must be diluted with water. For heavy liquid fertilizers, it has been found that the liquid dispensing device in some instances functions most efficiently if the liquid fertilizer is diluted so that the fertilizer flows evenly and without plugging. Diluting the fertilizer, however, causes problems for the application because to obtain the appropriate amount of liquid in the furrow a greater volume of liquid (fertilizer diluted with water) has to be delivered into the furrow through the smaller holes in the delivery system. The greater volume of liquid in the furrow additionally produces wetness in the furrow that can cause the press wheels to build up with mud, which, in turn, leads to closing problems with the press wheels.  
      Another important consideration is location—just where in the furrow the liquid is placed. The devices illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-1G  in some instances distribute liquid on the seeds, or oftentimes within ¼″ on each side of the seeds in the furrow. Accordingly, the seeds are many times drenched in liquid, or the liquid is within from about ⅛″ to about ¼″ of the seed. Besides the unwanted effects caused by drenching the seeds in some liquids, putting any fertilizer in such close proximity to the seed, especially in drier soil, draws the moisture out of the soil around it, pulling it in close to the seed. The concentration of liquid adjacent the seed may cause it to germinate more quickly than it would have under normal conditions, and early growth may be accelerated. If dry soil conditions persist, then the seed may run out of moisture for the tap root and nodule roots to pick up, which may stunt the growth of the emerging crop and in some instances result in the death of the crop.  
      It is to overcome the problems that arise when seeds are directly immersed in various liquids and the cost and effectiveness of other devices that may be used to introduce liquids into a furrow that the present invention and its various embodiments were developed.  
      There are some instances, however, when it is preferable to distribute liquids such as fertilizer directly on the seeds in the furrow, as may be achieved with a single outlet hose device. Accordingly, it was recognized that it would be desirable to provide a single device that may distribute liquid in the furrow without drenching the seeds, and have the same device be convertible to also distribute fertilizer directly on the seeds, as needs dictate. This convertible embodiment of the present invention would have the benefit of allowing farmers to quickly reconfigure the device from, for example, a seed drenching configuration to an in-furrow liquid distribution that does not drench the seeds.  
      It was further recognized that it would be beneficial to be able to reconfigure the device from a single outlet configuration to a two outlet configuration, or vice versa, at the liquid supply tank or at the extension. If reconfigured at the extension, such reconfiguration should be consistently achieved. Furthermore, when the liquid distribution device is being used, the risk that it is inadvertently dislodged by debris in the furrow, the jostling of the tractor, and the like, or misoriented during installation or reconfiguration should be lessened to the extent possible so that liquids are not deposited in unintended portions of the furrow. It was also recognized that it would be desirable to be able to distribute one type of liquid directly on the seed while distributing a second liquid adjacent the seeds.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      One aspect of the present invention involves an extension and liquid distribution apparatus that may be used with a planter, drill or other farm implement. Particularly, the extension may be used with a planter for properly placing seeds in a furrow. The planter includes a liquid supply hose for use in distributing liquid into the seed furrow. The seed furrow typically has a centrally located bottom portion and a first sidewall and a second sidewall, the sidewalls extending upwardly and outwardly from the centrally located bottom portion of the furrow. The extension comprises an elongate flexible body member defining a generally arcuate shape which provides a generally downwardly and rearwardly sweeping orientation, and also defining an upper segment and a lower segment. The upper segment may be attached to the planter.  
      The lower segment is configured to depend downwardly and rearwardly from the planter and extend into the furrow. A first and second protrusions extend upwardly from the upper surface of the lower segment, and are adapted to support a liquid distribution apparatus therebetween.  
      Embodiments of the present invention may be used to distribute liquid well above the seeds in the vertex of the furrow and may be used to distribute liquid directly on the seeds in the vertex of the furrow depending on the liquid being applied. Embodiments of the present invention may also be readily converted from a configuration that deposits liquids directly on the seeds in the vertex of the furrow to a configuration that deposits liquid well above the seeds along the sidewalls of the furrow, or vice versa. Embodiments of the present invention may also be configured to distribute more than one type of liquid into the furrow. Embodiments of the present invention may also direct seeds into the vertex of the furrow.  
      The foregoing and other features, utilities and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of various embodiments of the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       FIG. 1A  is side view of a Keeton Seed Firmer™ having an in-furrow liquid dispensing device connected therewith;  
       FIG. 1B  is a section view taken along line B-B of  FIG. 1A ;  
       FIG. 1C  is a perspective view of the Keeton Seed Firmer™ having an in-furrow liquid dispensing device connected therewith;  
       FIG. 1D  is a perspective view of a diverter for use with the in-furrow liquid dispensing device of  FIGS. 1A and 1C ;  
       FIG. 1E  is a section view taken along line E-E of  FIG. 1B ;  
       FIG. 1F  is a side view of a liquid dispenser for a seed planter as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,274, the liquid dispenser connected with a Keeton Seed Firmer™;  
       FIG. 1G  is a front view of the liquid dispenser illustrated in  FIG. 1F ;  
       FIG. 1  is a side view of a tractor pulling an agricultural planter and associated liquid container;  
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a planter encompassing one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention, and illustrates a tractor pulling an agricultural planter including a plurality of row units;  
       FIG. 3  is section taken along line  3 - 3  of  FIG. 2 , and illustrates a row unit having a hopper, a metering unit, a gage wheel, a closing wheel, a double disk blade furrow opener, and a seed tube depending from the metering unit with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce, with one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus depending from the attachment;  
       FIG. 4  is a section taken along line  4 - 4  of  FIG. 3 , and illustrates the liquid distribution apparatus connected to a liquid supply hose and attached to the extension;  
       FIG. 5  is a section taken along line  5 - 5  of  FIG. 4 , and illustrates the liquid distribution apparatus dispersing liquid unto the sidewalls of a seed furrow;  
       FIG. 6  is a top view of one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention;  
       FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a seed tube, one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce, and a liquid supply hose, with one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention connected to the liquid supply hose and fixed to the extension;  
       FIG. 8  is an exploded view showing a seed tube, one embodiment of the extension for reducing seed bounce, a liquid supply hose and the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention, with a mounting apparatus for mounting the extension to the seed tube;  
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a Case/IH model planter with one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus;  
       FIG. 10  is an exploded view of the Case/IH model planter shown in  FIG. 9 ;  
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a seed tube, an embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce, a liquid supply hose, and an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus wherein the liquid distribution apparatus is connected with the underside of the extension for reducing seed bounce;  
       FIG. 12  is an exploded view of the seed tube, the embodiment of the extension for reducing seed bounce, the liquid supply hose, and the embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus as shown in  FIG. 11 ;  
       FIG. 13  is a section taken along line  13 - 13  of  FIG. 11 ;  
       FIG. 14  is a section taken along line  14 - 14  of  FIG. 13 ;  
       FIG. 15  is a bottom view of the embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce, and the embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus wherein the liquid distribution apparatus is connected with the underside of the extension;  
       FIG. 16  is a section taken along line  16 - 16  of  FIG. 15 ;  
       FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a seed tube, one embodiment of an extension  20  for reducing seed bounce, and a liquid supply hose, with one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus having three outlets connected to the liquid supply hose and fixed to the extension;  
       FIG. 18  is a section view taken along line  18 - 18  of  FIG. 17 ;  
       FIG. 19  is a section view taken along line  19 - 19  of  FIG. 18 ;  
       FIG. 20  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a diverter for use, in one example, in conjunction with the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus;  
       FIG. 21  is a front view of the diverter illustrated in  FIG. 20 ;  
       FIG. 22  is top view of the diverter illustrated in  FIG. 20 ;  
       FIG. 23  is a side view of the diverter illustrated in  FIG. 20 ;  
       FIG. 24  is perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a diverter for use, in one example, in conjunction with the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus;  
       FIG. 25  is a front view of the diverter illustrated in  FIG. 24 ;  
       FIG. 26  is a side view of the diverter illustrated in  FIG. 24 ;  
       FIG. 27  is a side view of a seed tube, one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce, and a liquid supply hose, with a single outlet liquid distribution apparatus connected to the liquid supply hose and fixed to the extension, the outlet being forward of the trailing end of the extension so that the liquid disperses over the top of the extension and into the furrow;  
       FIG. 28  is a section view taken along line  28 - 28  of  FIG. 27 , illustrating the dispersion of the liquid across the vertex of the furrow and extending partially up the sidewalls of the furrow;  
       FIG. 29  is a section view taken along line  29 - 29  of  FIG. 27 , illustrating the dispersion of liquid across the vertex of the furrow and extending partially up the sidewall of the furrow;  
       FIG. 30  is a perspective view of a seed firmer having a two outlet embodiment of the present invention connected therewith;  
       FIG. 31  is a section view taken along line  31 - 31  of  FIG. 30 ;  
       FIG. 32  illustrates a seed firmer having a three outlet embodiment of the present invention connected therewith  
       FIG. 33   a  is a section view taken along line  33 - 33  of  FIG. 32  illustrating the three outlet embodiment of the present invention with all of the outlets unplugged;  
       FIG. 33   b  is a section view taken along line  33 - 33  of  FIG. 32  illustrating the three outlet embodiment of the present invention with the center outlet plugged, the three outlet embodiment configured to distribute liquid on the sidewalls of the furrow;  
       FIG. 33   c  is a section view taken along line  33 - 33  of  FIG. 32  illustrating the three outlet embodiment of the present invention with the side outlets plugged, the three outlet embodiment configured to distribute liquid in the vertex of the furrow;  
       FIG. 34  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a plug for use in plugging the outlets to reconfigure the three outlet embodiment;  
       FIG. 35   a  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a Buffalo™ planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   b  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a Landoll Quadra™ planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   c  illustrates a side view of a John Deere  71  Flex™ planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   d  illustrates a side view of an Allis Chalmers™ model 78 or 79 planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   e  illustrates a perspective view of Allis Chambers™ model 500 or 600 planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   f  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a Case IH™ model 400 or 500 planter having a boot with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   g  illustrates an exploded view of a Case IH™ model 400 or 500 planter having an Acra-Plant boot with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   h  illustrates an exploded view of a Case IH™ 400 or 500 planter having an Acra-Plant runner with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   i  illustrates and exploded view of a Case IH™ model 56 planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 35   j  illustrates an exploded view of a Case IH™ 1200 ASM planter with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached thereto;  
       FIG. 36   a  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 750 single disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 36   b  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 1560 or 1860 single disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 36   c  illustrates a side view of a Flexi-Coil FSI™ single disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 37   a  illustrates a side view of a FSO™ single disc opener with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 37   b  illustrates a side view of a banding and spreading boot with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 37   c  illustrates a side view of a paired row boot having a shoe with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 37   d  illustrates a side view of an eagle beak having a boot with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   a  illustrates a side view of a Krause™ model 5400 double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   b  illustrates a side view of a Krause™ model 5200, 5250 or 5500 double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   c  illustrates a side view of a Sunflower™ double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   d  illustrates a side view of a Tye™ double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   e  illustrates a side view of a Tye™ soybean/rice double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   f  illustrates a side view of a UFT™ double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   g  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 750 double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith, the extension having an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 38   h  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 455, 515 or 8300 double disc drill having gauge wheels mounted along side the double disc openers with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   i  illustrates a John Deere™ model 455, 515 or 8300 double disc drill having single or double press wheels with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   j  illustrates a John Deere™ model 8300 double disc drill having a press wheel not attached to the drill, with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   k  illustrates a Marliss™ double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   l  illustrates a Best™ double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   m  illustrates a Great Plains™ double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   n  illustrates a Crustbuster™ model 3400 or 3700 double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   o  illustrates a Crustbuster model 4000 double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   p  illustrates a Haybuster™ double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 38   q  illustrates a Case IH™ model 5100, 5300 or 5400 double disc drill with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith;  
       FIG. 39  is an isometric view of one embodiment of an extension defining a depression for locating a liquid distribution apparatus;  
       FIG. 40  is an isometric view of the extension illustrated in  FIG. 39  with a two outlet liquid distribution apparatus coupled thereto;  
       FIG. 41  is a side view of the extension shown in  FIG. 40 ;  
       FIG. 42  is a top view of the extension taken along line  42 - 42  of  FIG. 41 ;  
       FIG. 43  is a side view of the extension illustrated in  FIG. 39  with a single outlet liquid distribution apparatus coupled thereto;  
       FIG. 44  is a top view of the extension taken along line  44 - 44  of  FIG. 43 ;  
       FIG. 45  is an isometric view of the extension shown in  FIG. 39  with a two outlet liquid distribution apparatus and a single outlet liquid distribution apparatus coupled therewith;  
       FIG. 46  is a side view of the extension illustrated in  FIG. 45 ; and  
       FIG. 47  is a top view of the extension taken along line  47 - 47  of  FIG. 46 .  
       FIG. 48  is an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of an extension having protrusions for attaching a liquid distribution apparatus to the extension by way of a retaining plate and fasteners.  
       FIG. 49  is an assembled isometric view of the extension of  FIG. 48 .  
       FIG. 50  is an exploded isometric view of an alternate embodiment of an extension having protrusions for attaching a liquid distribution apparatus to the extension by way of a retaining plate with prongs.  
       FIG. 51  is an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of an extension having protrusions with flanges for securing a liquid distribution apparatus to the extension. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
      While various embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus can be used with a variety of planters, drills and liquid supply devices, it will be initially described as used with a double disk furrow opener style agricultural planter  102  pulled behind a tractor  104 . Furthermore, the liquid distribution apparatus will be described in a configuration wherein a large liquid container  106  is pulled behind the planter  102  providing a liquid supply to the liquid distribution apparatus through a liquid supply hose  196 . The liquid container  106 , however, is oftentimes integrated with the planter  102  or the tractor  104 . Nonetheless, the liquid distribution apparatus functions equally well regardless of the location of the liquid container  106 .  
      The agricultural planter  102 , shown in  FIGS. 1-3 , typically includes a number of planter row units  108  mounted on a main frame member  110 . The planter  102  is pulled in a forward direction F by the tractor  104 . Each row unit  108  forms a seed furrow  110 , deposits seeds  112  evenly along the seed furrow  110 , supplies a liquid  114  in the furrow  110 , and then closes the seed furrow  110  to form a seed bed  116 . The liquid distribution apparatus  100  of the present invention is embodied in a two-outlet Y-shaped configuration  100 , shown in  FIGS. 4-10 , that distributes the liquid  114  into the furrow  110  along with the seeds  112  without drenching the seeds  112 . In this embodiment, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  is used along with an extension  118 , shown in  FIGS. 4-10 , which reduces seed bounce as the seeds  112  exit each row unit  108 , and helps position the seeds  112  optimally in the vertex or bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110  prior to closure of the furrow  110  by the row unit  108 . To avoid drenching the seeds  112  in the liquid  114 , the liquid distribution apparatus  100  deposits the liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 . Preferably, the liquid is deposited at least ½″ above the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 . More preferably, the liquid is deposited between about ½″ and ¾″ above the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 .  
      Each row unit  108 , as seen in  FIGS. 1-3 , comprises a seed hopper  124  for holding and dispensing seeds  112 , a seed metering unit  126  positioned below the seed hopper  124  that receives the seeds  112  from the seed hopper  124 , and a seed tube  128  positioned below the seed metering unit  126  that receives seeds  112  from the metering unit  126  to place in the furrow  110 . A furrow opening apparatus  130  is positioned generally beneath the seed hopper  124 , and includes a residue divider  132  at the leading edge of each row unit  108 , and a furrow opener  134  positioned more centrally under the hopper  124 . The furrow opener  134  is partially encompassed by a pair of gage wheels  136 , and a pair of furrow closer wheels  138  which trail behind the furrow opener  134  and gage wheels  136 .  
      The seed furrow  110  is formed by the furrow opener  134  attached to each row unit  108 . Although numerous types of openers are known in the art such as double disc, single disc, shoe, boot, and runner style openers that the present invention may be used with, a double disk furrow opener  134  is shown in  FIGS. 1-3 . The double disk opener  134  includes two circular disk blades  139  rotatably mounted on a row unit  108  to form a V-shape at the point of seed placement. The disk blades  139  have a diameter, and the peripheral edges  140  of each disk blade  139  are adjacent to one another at the point where they form the V. The gage wheels  136  flank the disk blades  139  to support the row unit  108  and allow the disk blades  139  to mold a V-shaped seed furrow  110  at a predetermined depth within the soil.  
      The furrow  110  formed by the furrow opener  134  is generally V-shaped, as shown best in  FIG. 4 , with the bottom portion  120  forming the vertex where the upwardly and outwardly extending sidewalls  122  intersect. Under ideal soil conditions, the furrow  110  maintains the V-shape until closed by the furrow closer wheels  138 . In moist conditions, the soil along the sidewalls  122  is pulled loose, causing portions of the soil to lodge in the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110  and along the sidewalls  120 . Also, as the disk blades  139  wear out, they become smaller in diameter and the adjacent edges  140  of the disk blades  139  become spaced apart. As the disk blades  139  wear down, the increased spacing between the adjacent edges  140  causes the furrow to gradually transform into a W-shape.  
      The seed tube  128  extends downwardly from the metering unit  126 , between the disk blades  139  (or into the boot or shoe), and is positioned directly over the seed furrow  110  adjacent to the rear  142  of the double disk blades  139 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . The metering unit  126  regulates the distribution of seeds  112  from the seed hopper  124  to the seed tube  128 . Thus, the seeds  112  are optimally evenly spaced along the seed furrow  110  as they fall from the seed tube  128 .  
      As shown in  FIGS. 3, 5 ,  7  and  8  the seed tube  128  is attached to and extends downwardly from the meter unit  126 . The seed tube  128  has an elongated hollow main body  144 , with a generally rectangular cross-sectional structure defining a rearwardly facing surface  146 , a forwardly facing surface  148 , and opposing side facing surfaces  150 . The seed tube  128  has a slight arcuate shape along its length in the rearward direction. An upper end  152  of the seed tube  128  is attached to the meter unit  126 , while a downwardly depending lower and trailing end  154  of the seed tube  128  depends downwardly between the disk blades  139  so as to be positioned over the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 . The downwardly depending end  154  defines an opening  156  through which the seeds  112  exit the seed tube  128  and fall into the furrow  110 . The lower end  154  of the seed tube  128  is swept rearwardly from the upper end  152  as a result of the slight arcuate shape. The forwardly facing surface  148  of the seed tube  128  is longer than the rearwardly facing  146  surface of the seed tube  128 , such that the forwardly facing surface  148  forms a lower edge  158  of the opening  156 , while the rearwardly facing surface  146  of the seed tube  128  defines the upper edge  160  of the opening  156 .  
      A pair of protrusions  162  extend from the rearwardly facing surface  146  of the seed tube  128 . The protrusions  162  are spaced longitudinally with respect to one another along the length of the seed tube  128 . Each protrusion  162  can have an aperture  164  formed laterally therethrough.  
      The seed tube  128  guides the seeds to the furrow  110 , as seen in  FIGS. 3-6 . As the seeds  112  flow through the seed tube  128 , they bounce around as a result of interaction with the walls  122  of the seed tube  128  as well as the movement of the planter  102  over the ground. The rearward curve of the seed tube  128 , as well as the orientation of the exit opening  156 , are designed to compensate for the forward motion of the planter  102 , and ideally the seeds  112  drop into the furrow  110  very gently. However, since the seeds  112  bounce as they move through the seed tube  128 , they oftentimes drop out of the seed tube  128  at a less than optimal angle, or the seeds  112  bounce outwardly from the opening  156  of the seed tube  128  prior to hitting the ground, causing the seeds  112  to then bounce upwardly when they hit the ground.  
      The bouncing of the seeds  112  results in the seeds being disbursed throughout the furrow  110 , not only along the bottom portion  120 , but along the sidewalls  122  and often outside the seed furrow. The bouncing seeds  112  result in the seeds being improperly positioned within the furrow  110 . The improper placement of the seeds within the furrow  110  results in various growth related problems such as uneven pant emergence, poor stands, increased weed population, non uniform maturing, longer insect life cycles, higher susceptibility to chemical damage, and ultimately lower yields. Moving the planter  102  at a slower velocity reduces the bouncing problem, but does not eliminate it. Moving the planter  102  at a higher velocity to increase the planting process exacerbates the bouncing problem.  
      As seen in  FIGS. 3-8 , the extension  118  is preferably mounted on the rearwardly facing surface  146  of the seed tube  128  near its depending lower end  154 . Alternatively, or as seen in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the extension  118  may be mounted on other row unit structures such as a seed boot or shoe. The extension  118  facilitates the proper placement of seeds  112  in the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110  thereby significantly reducing the problems associated with improper seed placement as discussed above. The extension  118  extends downwardly and rearwardly from the seed tube  128  into the furrow  110 , minimizing contact with the sidewalls  122 . Preferably, the extension  118  terminates at a position just above the vertex  120  of the furrow.  
      With the extension  118  mounted on the depending lower end  154  of the seed tube  128 , as the seeds  112  exit the opening  156  of the seed tube  128  and bounce from the seed tube, the seeds  112  contact the extension  118  and deflect back into the furrow  110 . If the seeds  112  bounce more than once within the furrow  110 , they will again contact the extension  118  further along its length and will again be deflected back into the furrow  110 . As the seeds  112  come to rest in the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 , the trailing end  186  of the extension  118  passes over the seeds  112  without contacting the seeds  112 . The extension effectively funnels the seeds to the bottom of the furrow. In the preferred embodiment when attached with the seed tube, the width of the extension decreases rearwardly along its length so that the width of the extension closely matches the width of the furrow as the extension extends rearwardly and downwardly into the furrow, thereby reducing the number of seeds that can bounce between the sidewall of the furrow and the extension.  
      In mounting the extension  118  to the seed tube  128 , as best seen in  FIGS. 4, 5 ,  7  and  8 , the top segment  166  of the extension  98  is releasably attached to the seed tube  128 . More particularly, in one embodiment of the extension, the protrusions  162  on the seed insert tube  128  are positioned within the apertures  168  formed in an attachment  170  having outwardly facing sidewalls defining a sawtooth pattern  172  complimentary to a sawtooth configuration  174  defined by an elongated slot  176  in the extension  118 . The complimentary sawtooth configurations  172  and  174  provide an adjustment mechanism to place the extension at the appropriate depth into the furrow  110 . The engagement of the protrusions  162  in the mounting apertures  168  properly position the extension  118  on the seed tube  128 , and acts to inhibit any longitudinal or transverse movement of the extension  118  with respect to the seed tube  128 . Two releasable fasteners  178 , such as plastic tie straps, are positioned around the extension  118  and the seed tube  128 , and are releasably fastened thereto to hold the extension  118  securely in position on the seed tube  128 . The extension can also be fastened to the seed tube or planter in any known manner.  
      In one embodiment, the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118  defines an upwardly convex top surface  182  and a downwardly concave lower surface  184 . The downwardly concave lower surface  184  acts to deflect the bouncing seeds  112  toward the center  120  of the furrow  110 . The seeds  112  are thus directed toward and land in the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 . This helps place the seeds  112  in the optimal position within the furrow  110 , and helps reduce the number of seeds which come to rest on the sidewalls  122  or outside of the furrow  110 . In short, the downwardly concave lower surface  184  of the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118  focuses the deflection of the seeds  112  toward the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 , as shown in  FIGS. 4-6 .  
      The transverse dimension of the lower surface  184  of the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118  preferably becomes substantially planar adjacent to the trailing end  186  because the transverse dimension of the extension  118  is substantially reduced, and a downwardly facing concave surface has less of an effect on the deflection of the seeds given the proximity of the trailing end  186  to the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 . Also, very few seeds continue to bounce at that location on the extension.  
      The extension  118  is flexible along its entire length so that in the event the trailing end  186  of the extension comes into contact with the soil, the trailing end of the extension will easily bend upwardly to minimize any damage to a seed  112  that may be contacted. Furthermore, while the extension  118  is designed to not contact the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  120  during use, some incidental contact may occur. Any incidental contact with furrow may have the affect of covering the seeds  112  in the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110  with a thin layer of soil. This helps to protect the seeds from any incidental contact with the liquid  114  that may occur. The extension can also have any number of shapes and cross-sections, and can contact the furrow bottom or sidewalls.  
      Including liquids  114  such as liquid fertilizer, liquid starter, liquid insecticides, liquid inoculants, and water in the furrow  110  along with the seeds  112  at the time of planting advantageously affects the growth of the plants and the ultimate yield of the crop as discussed above. The provision of some types of liquid  114  directly into the furrow  110 , however, can actually negatively affect plant growth and the ultimate crop yield if liquid  114  is distributed directly unto the seeds  112 . Accordingly, one embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  of the present invention directs liquid  114  unto the sidewalls  120  of the furrow, above the seeds  112 , thus providing liquid  114  directly into the furrow  120  along with the seeds  112  without drenching the seeds  112  in the liquid  114 . Although the liquid distribution apparatus  100  of the present invention is shown in the Figures in conjunction with one embodiment of the extension  118 , a Schaffert Manufacturing Co., Inc., Rebounder™, the liquid distribution apparatus may also be used in the absence of the extension  118 . In the absence of the extension  118 , however, a larger proportion of seeds  112  may become deposited on the furrow sidewalls  122  and hence come in direct contact with the distributed liquid  114  from the present invention. The majority of seeds  112 , however, will still be deposited in or near the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 , therefore the present invention is advantageous to plant growth and crop yield even in the absence of the extension  118 . The present invention may also be used in conjunction with other available seed placement attachments such as a Keeton Seed Firmer™.  
      Liquid  114  is supplied to the liquid distribution apparatus  100  of the present invention from the liquid container  106 . The liquid container includes a pump  188  in fluid connection with the contents of the liquid container  106  for supplying liquid under pressure. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a main hose  190  connects to the pump  188  to the liquid distribution tube  192  at the upper rear of the planter  102 . The liquid distribution tube  192  on the planter  102  traverses the width of the planter  102  across the planter row units  108 . Adjacent each row unit  108 , the liquid distribution tube  192  has an outlet  194  that is fluidly coupled to a liquid supply hose  196 . Each row unit  108  has the liquid supply hose  196  for distributing liquid to the furrow  110  associated with each row unit  108 .  
      The liquid supply hose  196  extends generally downwardly from the distribution tube  192  to the seed tube  128  and is attached to the extension  118 . The extension  118  attached to the seed tube  128  preferably includes at least two eyelets  198   a  and  198   b  along its length. The first eyelet  198   a  is located along the top segment  166  of the extension  118 . The liquid supply hose  196  extends through the first eyelet  198   a  and is thereby held in place along the center of the extension  118 . Preferably, the first eyelet  198   a  fits loosely around the hose  196  so that as the extension lexes the hose may move freely with the eyelet  198   a , which helps to prevent the hose  196  from disconnecting the hose  196  from the liquid distribution apparatus. A second eyelet  198   b  is located along the top of the extension  118  adjacent the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118  that extends into the furrow  110 . Preferably, the second eyelet  198   b  grips the supply hose  196  firmly to help prevent the hose  196  from disconnecting from the liquid distribution apparatus  100 . An additional third eyelet  198   c  may be included along the length of the extension between the first eyelet  198   a  and the second eyelet  198   b . The third eyelet  198   c  helps to hold the hose  196  secure so that residue flowing over the top of the extension does not disconnect the hose  196  from the liquid distribution apparatus.  
      The liquid distribution apparatus  100  is preferably attached to the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118  adjacent the furrow  110 . The liquid distribution apparatus  100  is preferably secured to the extension  118  with the second eyelet  198   b  and is in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose  196 . In the two-eyelet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100 , shown in  FIGS. 4, 5 ,  7  and  8 , the liquid distribution apparatus  100  generally defines a Y-shaped tubular structure having a supply tube  200  in fluid connection with the liquid distribution hose  196  and two distribution tubes  202   a  and  202   b  in fluid connection with the supply tube  200 , the distribution tubes distributing liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  generally above the two vertexes of the furrow.  
      Generally speaking, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  includes a supply channel  200  and a distribution channel  202  having at least two outlets  202   a  and  202   b . However, it is to be understood that the distribution channel  202  may comprise any structure that distributes liquid unto one or both sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 . The supply channel  200 , as shown in  FIGS. 4-10 , comprises a tubular structure or hose that is in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose  196  at its rear end. Preferably, the inlet portion of the supply channel  200  includes a barbed or ribbed portion  204  to engage the liquid supply hose  196 . The outlet portion of the supply channel  200  is in fluid connection with the distribution channel  202 .  
      The distribution channel  202  as shown in the embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus show in  FIGS. 4-10 , includes two outlets  202   a ,  202   b  , angularly oriented with respect to the supply channel  200 , that distribute liquid along one or both sidewalls  122  of the furrow  120 . The outlets  202   a ,  202   b  , in this embodiment, comprise tubular structures or hoses. The front portion of the distribution channel  202  is attached to the center of the extension  118  by the second eyelet  198   b . The liquid distribution apparatus  100  may be held in place in the second eyelet  198   b  by an adhesive or a tie strap. Accordingly, the outlets  202   a ,  202   b , are oriented along the bottom segment  180  of the extension with the first outlet  202   a  extending outwardly to one side of the extension  118  and the second outlet  202   b  extending outwardly to the opposite side of the extension  118 . As shown in the Figures, the outlets  202   a ,  202   b , along with the supply tube  200  form a generally Y-shaped structure.  
      As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , when liquid  114  flows from the outlets  202   a ,  202   b , the liquid  114  is preferably distributed above the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110  along the sidewalls  122  of the furrow. By distributing the liquid  114  along the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 , the seeds  112  are not drenched in the liquid  114  because most of the seeds  112  are deflected by the extension  118  to the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110  below where the liquid is distributed.  
      As shown in  FIGS. 4-10 , the liquid distribution apparatus  100  is attached along the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118  bye the second eyelet  198   b . The liquid supply hose  196 , that is attached to the extension  118  at the first eyelet  198   a , is in fluid connection with the liquid distribution apparatus  100  adjacent the second eyelet  198   b . As mentioned above, the use of the extension  118  is considered preferable, but is not necessary to the proper functioning of the liquid distribution apparatus  100 . For example, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  can be attached along the center top portion of the seed tube  128  directly above the opening  156  where the seeds  112  exit the seed tube  128 . Attached to the seed tube  128 , the outlets  202   a ,  202   b , will extend outwardly and to either side of the seed tube  128  thereby depositing liquid  114  along the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 .  
      Generally, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  may be attached to any part of the planter row unit  108 . Preferably, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  (when not attached to the extension  118 ) is attached at a location between the double disk opener  134  and the furrow closer wheel  138  centered along the vertex  120  of the furrow so as to orient the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  above the sidewalls  122  of the seed furrow  110  before the furrow  110  is closed.  
      The embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  are shown and described as being attached to the bottom segment  180  of the extension  118 . The various embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus may, however, be attached anywhere along the extension so long as, in the case of the two-outlet embodiment, the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  are oriented so as to distribute liquid  114  along the sidewalls  122  of the furrow. The location of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  on the extension as shown in the Figures is considered preferable.  
      Additionally, while the various embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus are shown as a separate structure attached to the extension  118 , they may, however, be integrated into the extension  118 . To integrate the liquid distribution apparatus  100  into the extension the supply channel  200  and distribution channel  202  can be molded directly into the extension in a single plastic injection mold. In the integrated liquid distribution apparatus, the supply channel  200  is in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose  196  and a plurality of outlets from the distribution channel  202  are oriented so as to distribute liquid into the furrow  110 .  
       FIGS. 9 and 10  show the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  of the present invention connected to an extension that is attached to a Case/IH style planter having a seed boot  204  positioned between the disks (not shown). The extension  118  is attached directly to the seed boot  204 . A brace plate  206  may be necessary to properly attach the extension  118  to the seed boot  204 . The seed tube  128  (not shown) typically extends through the seed boot.  
      The liquid supply hose  196  is connected to the outside of the seed boot  204  using a tie strap  208 . The lower end of the liquid supply hose  196  is in fluid connection with the liquid distribution apparatus  100  connected to the extension  118 . Accordingly, the outlets  202   a  and  202   b  of the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  distribute liquid  114  unto the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 .  
      In an alternative embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the liquid distribution apparatus  100  is connected to an extension  210  adjacent the downwardly concave lower surface  184  of the extension  210 . Preferably, in this embodiment the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  are located between the underside  184  of the extension  210  and the seed chute  128 . The liquid supply hose  196  extends generally downwardly from the distribution tube  192  to the seed tube  128 , and extends through a first eyelet  198   a  which projects upwardly from the extension  210 . Rearwardly of the eyelet  198   a , the liquid supply hose  196  extends from the top surface  212  of the extension  210  through the elongated slot  176  to the underside  214  of the extension  210 , where it is fluidly connected with the supply channel  200  of the apparatus  100 . The extension  210  preferably includes an eyelet  198   d  projecting downwardly, and generally transversely, from the extension  210 . The eyelet  198   d  couples the apparatus  100  to the extension  210 , and properly orients the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  of the apparatus  100  to distribute liquid on the sidewalls  122  of furrow  110 . The liquid distribution apparatus  100  extends through the eyelet  198   d , and is fluidly connected with the liquid supply hose  196  adjacent thereto. In the case of the distribution apparatus  100  having three outlets, the center outlet is oriented to distribute liquid in the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 .  
       FIG. 12  is an exploded view showing the top section  166  of the extension  210  connected with the seed tube  128 . This connection is shown and described in detail above with respect to  FIG. 8 , the only difference in  FIG. 12  is the presence of an alternative embodiment of the extension  210  which has an eyelet  198   d  extending downwardly, and generally transversely, from extension  210 . This eyelet  198   d  properly orients the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  of the liquid distribution apparatus  200  below the extension  210 .  
       FIG. 13  is a section taken along  13 - 13  of  FIG. 11 . This view shows the orientation of the distribution apparatus  100  extending through the eyelet  198   d  for distribution of liquid beneath the extension  210  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 .  FIG. 13  also shows the liquid supply hose  196  passing through the elongated slot  176  from the top surface  212  of the extension  210  to the underside surface  214 .  FIGS. 14-16  are views which show the alternative embodiment of the extension  210  and the orientation of the liquid supply tube and the liquid distribution apparatus  100  coupled therewith.  
      This alternative embodiment provides for the additional advantage of preventing the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  from becoming clogged with soil during use. The location of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  underneath the extension  210  shields the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  from any soil that may inadvertently fall on the extension from the filling of the furrow  110  by the furrow closer wheels (not shown) occurring behind the extension  210  after depositing the seeds and the liquid into the furrow  110 .  
      Referring to  FIGS. 17-19 , an alternative embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  includes three outlets  202   a ,  202   b ,  202   c  in a preferably fork shaped configuration (ψ) with respect to the supply channel  200 , wherein one of the outlets  202   c  is oriented to distribute liquid  114  in the centrally located bottom portion  120  of the furrow, and the other two outlets  202   a ,  202   b  are oriented to distribute liquid  114  on opposing sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 . Generally, this embodiment provides a farmer or other user with a convertible liquid distribution apparatus  100  that may distribute liquid on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 , in the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 , or in any combination thereof. This allows the farmer to rapidly convert the liquid distribution portion of the planter for planting seeds that benefit from liquid distributed on the furrow sidewalls to planting seeds that benefit from liquid distribution directly on the seeds.  
      Preferably, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  includes a supply channel  200  similar to other embodiments described herein and a distribution channel  202 . The distribution channel  202  preferably having three outlets  202   a ,  202   b ,  202   c , wherein a first  202   a  and a second side outlet  202   b  are preferably angularly oriented with respect to the supply channel  200 , which may distribute liquid along one or both sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 , and a third or center outlet  202   c  that is preferably co-linear with the supply channel  200 , which may distribute liquid  114  centrally located in the bottom or vertex  120  of the furrow  112 . This embodiment is described as preferably having three outlets; it is envisioned, however, that this embodiment could include more than three outlets.  
      As with preceding exemplary embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus  100 , the inlet portion of the supply channel includes a barbed or ribbed portion  204  at its rear end to engage the liquid supply hose  196 . The outlet portion of the supply channel  200  is in fluid connection with the distribution channel  202 . Accordingly, fluid flows from the first hose  196  into the supply channel  200  and then out to the outlet(s)  202   a ,  202   b ,  202   c  of the distribution channel  202 .  
      This alternative convertible embodiment preferably also includes at least one stopper or plug  216  adapted to stop or reduce the flow of liquid  114  from any of the outlets  202   a ,  202   b ,  202   c , thereby allowing the device to be converted to different liquid distribution patterns. In one embodiment, the stopper or plug  216  may be connected with the liquid distribution apparatus  100 , with the extension  118  or  210  for reducing seed bounce, or with whatever device the apparatus  100  is connected with, for example a drill, by way of a cable or other such connection device so that when not in use the plug  216  stays connected with the liquid distribution apparatus  100 . Preferably, the plug  216  is held to the apparatus by way of some retentive means such as a snap, clamp, or the like (not shown). Alternatively, the plug  216  may be supplied in a kit along with the liquid distribution apparatus  100 .  
      The plug  216  is adapted to be inserted into the outlets  202   a ,  202   b ,  202   c  thereby prohibiting the flow of liquid  114  from the plugged outlet. This allows the apparatus  100  to be converted to any liquid distribution configuration the farmer desires. For example, for certain applications, such as placing liquid fertilizers in the furrow  110 , it is desirable to distribute liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  and not directly on the seeds  112 ; accordingly, the farmer will insert a plug  216  into the center outlet  202   c . In another example, if the farmer is distributing liquid inoculant in the furrow  110  along with the seeds  112 , it is desirable to place the inoculant directly on the seed  112 ; accordingly, the farmer will insert a plug  216  in the first  202   a  and second  202   b  side outlets.  
      In an alternative embodiment, the plug  216  is preferably permanently coupled within the distribution end  202  of the outlet. In this embodiment, liquid flow may be adjusted by pulling the plug  216  outward to allow full flow, or pressing the plug inwardly to decrease the flow. Fully depressed, the plug  216  prohibits liquid flow from the outlet(s)  202   a ,  202   b ,  202   c  altogether.  
      One advantage of this convertible embodiment is the ease by which a farmer may change from an in-furrow on-seed liquid distribution set-up (where the first  202   a  and second  202   b  outlets are plugged) to an in-furrow sidewall distribution set-up (where the center outlet  202   c  is plugged) or vice versa. For example, a farmer may desire to plant corn seeds and distribute inoculants (which facilitate rapid germination and growth) directly on the seeds  112  in one portion of the farm, and then change seed types to soy beans and distribute fertilizer on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  above the soy bean seeds for planting in a different portion of the farm. Changing from the on-seed liquid distribution for the corn seeds to the furrow sidewall distribution for the soy beans simply requires that the farmer prohibit the liquid flow from the center outlet  202   c , and allow the liquid flow from the side outlets  202   a ,  202   b . In one embodiment, the farmer will remove the side plugs, and insert a center plug; or, in are alternative embodiment, the farmer will depress the center plug, and pull-out the side plugs.  
      Referring to  FIG. 20 , a perspective view of one embodiment of a diverter  218  is shown for use, in one example, in conjunction with the two outlet  202   a ,  202   b  embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100 .  FIG. 21  is a front view of the diverter  218  illustrated in  FIG. 20 ;  FIG. 22  is top view of the diverter  218  illustrated in  FIG. 20 ; and  FIG. 23  is a side view of the diverter  218  illustrated in  FIG. 20 . The diverter may be used to configure the two-outlet  202   a ,  202   b  embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  for either on-seed liquid distribution, or liquid distribution on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  above the seeds  112 . The diverter  218  includes an integrated upper outlet  220  and an integrated lower outlet  222  in fluid connection with an integrated supply channel  224  which is adapted to be fluidly coupled with the liquid supply hose (not shown). The rearward portion of the diverter is insertable into the eyelet  198   c  and thereby is connected with the extension  118 . As shown and described above, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  extends through the rearward most eyelet  198   b  of the extension. Rather than connecting directly with the liquid supply hose as shown above, the liquid distribution apparatus  200  plugs into one of the two outlets  220 ,  222  of the diverter which supplies liquid to the liquid distribution apparatus  100 .  
      The farmer may then through the use of plugs  216  configure the device  218  for distribution of liquid directly into the furrow  110  (by plugging the outlets of the liquid distribution apparatus  100 , and leaving the outlet not occupied by the liquid distribution apparatus unplugged) or configure the device for distribution of liquid on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  (by plugging the outlet not occupied by the liquid distribution apparatus, and leaving the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  of the liquid distribution apparatus unplugged).  
      Referring to  FIG. 24  an alternative embodiment of a diverter  218  for use, in one example, in conjunction with the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100 .  FIG. 25  is a front view of the diverter  218  illustrated in  FIG. 24 ; and  FIG. 26  is a side view of the diverter  218  illustrated in  FIG. 24 . The diverter  218  may be used to configure the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  for either on-seed liquid distribution, or liquid distribution on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  above the seeds  112 . The diverter  218  includes an upper distribution tube  220  and a lower distribution tube  222  in fluid connection with a supply tube  224  which is adapted to be fluidly coupled with the liquid supply hose (not shown). The rearward portion of the diverter is insertable into the eyelet  198   c  and thereby is connected with the extension  118 . As shown and described above, the liquid distribution apparatus  100  extends through the rearward most eyelet  198   b  of the extension  118 . Rather than connecting directly with the liquid supply hose as shown above, the liquid distribution apparatus plugs into one of the two liquid distribution tubes  220 ,  222  of the diverter  218  which supplies liquid  114  to the liquid distribution apparatus  100 .  
      The farmer may then, through the use of plugs  216 , configure the device for distribution of liquid directly into the furrow  110  (by plugging the outlets of the liquid distribution apparatus, and leaving the liquid distribution tube not occupied by the liquid distribution apparatus unplugged) or configure the device for distribution of liquid on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  (by plugging the liquid distribution tube not occupied by the liquid distribution apparatus, and leaving the outlets  202   a ,  202   b  of the liquid distribution apparatus unplugged).  
       FIGS. 27-29  illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the liquid tube  196  extends along the length of the extension  118 , nearly to the trailing end  186  of the extension, but not past the end of the extension  118 . Preferably, the end of the tube is placed on the longitudinal centerline of the extension  118 . In this embodiment, the liquid  114  flowing from the tube  196  spreads out over the surface  182  of the extension  118  and flows into the furrow  110 . The upwardly convex shape of the upper surface  182  of the extension  118  causes the liquid flowing from the tube  196  to spread out fairly evenly in about a 180-degree radius from the end of the tube  196 , depending on the pressure that the fluid is flowing out of the tube. Under fairly low-pressure conditions, if the tube is placed very near the trailing end  186  of the extension  118 , then fluid will flow unto both sidewalls  112  of the furrow  110  and into the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 . In contrast, if the end of the tube is placed toward the middle or widest point of the extension  118 , then the vast majority of the fluid  114  flowing from the tube is deposited on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 .  
      The width of the extension  118  narrows along its length from about its midpoint to the trailing end  186 . Accordingly, at the widest point of the extension the fluid is distributed well above the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 . Whereas, at the trailing end  186  of the extension  118  the fluid  114  is deposited primarily in the vertex  120  of the furrow  118 . The amount of fluid deposited on the sidewalls  122 , as compared to the amount deposited in the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 , will change depending on the location of the end of the tube  196  along the length of the extension  118  and the pressure at which the fluid  114  is flowing out of the tube  196 .  
       FIGS. 30-31  illustrate a seed firming device such as the Keeton Seed Firmer™ with the two outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  connected therewith.  FIGS. 32-33   c  illustrate the seed firming device with the three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus  100  connected therewith. During planting, the seed firmer generally drags behind the planter, drill or other implement in the furrow  110  contacting the bottom portion  120  of the furrow  110 . In contacting the bottom portion of the furrow, the seed firmer contacts the seeds  112  that are in the bottom of the portion of the furrow and embeds the seeds in the dirt. The firmer includes an arm adapted to contact the seeds in the furrow during planting which is attached to the planter. The arm is adapted to contact the seeds in the furrow. It is envisioned that the various embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus may be used with the seed firmer to distribute liquid in the furrow while the seed firmer is embedding the seeds in the furrow.  
       FIG. 34  illustrates is a perspective view of one embodiment of a plug used in connection with any of the above-described embodiments of a liquid distribution apparatus to reduce or eliminate the flow of liquid therefrom.  
      Referring now to  FIGS. 35   a - 35   j  various embodiment of the present invention are illustrated.  FIG. 35   a  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a Buffalo™ planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown, may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   b  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a Landoll Quadra™ planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown, may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   c  illustrates a side view of a John Deere  71  Flex™ planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   c , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   d  illustrates a side view of an Allis Chalmers™ model 78 or 79 planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   d , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   e  illustrates a perspective view of Allis Chambers™ model 500 or 600 planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   e , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   f  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a Case IH™ model 400 or 500 planter having a boot with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   f , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   g  illustrates an exploded view of a Case IH™ model 400 or 500 planter having an Acra-Plant boot with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   f , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   h  illustrates an exploded view of a Case IH™ 400 or 500 planter having an Acra-Plant runner with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   h , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   i  illustrates and exploded view of a Case IH™ model 56 planter with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   i , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 35   j  illustrates an exploded view of a Case IH™ 1200 ASM planter with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 35   j , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose. Additionally, a diverter may be used along with any of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 35   a - 35   j.    
      Referring now to  FIGS. 36   a - 36   c  various embodiments of the present invention are illustrated with single disc drills.  FIG. 36   a  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 750 single disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 36   a , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 36   b  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 1560 or 1860 single disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 36   b , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 36   c  illustrates a side view of a Flexi-Coil FSI™ single disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 36   c , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose. Additionally, a diverter may be used along with any of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 36   a - 36   c.    
      Referring now to  FIGS. 37   a - 37   d  various embodiment of the present invention are illustrated with various single disc openers.  FIG. 37   a  illustrates a side view of a FSO™ single disc opener with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 37   a , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 37   b  illustrates a side view of a banding and spreading boot with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 37   b , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 37   c  illustrates a side view of a paired row boot having a shoe with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 37   c , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 37   d  illustrates a side view of an eagle beak having a boot with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 37   d , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose. Additionally, a diverter may be used along with any of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 37   a - 37   d.    
      Referring now to  FIGS. 38   a - 38   q  various embodiments of the present invention are illustrated with various double disc drills.  FIG. 38   a  illustrates a side view of a Krause™ model 5400 double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   a , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 38   b  illustrates a side view of a Krause™ model 5200, 5250 or 5500 double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   b , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 38   c  illustrates a side view of a Sunflower™ double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached thereto. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   c , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 38   d  illustrates a side view of a Tye™ double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   d , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 38   e  illustrates a side view of a Tye™ soybean/rice double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   e , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  
       FIG. 38   f  illustrates a side view of a UFT™ double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   f , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 38   g  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 750 double disc drill with one embodiment of an extension for reducing seed bounce attached therewith. The extension, as shown in  FIG. 38   g , may have the two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus connected therewith. The liquid distribution apparatus being in fluid connection with the liquid supply hose.  FIG. 38   h  illustrates a side view of a John Deere™ model 455, 515 or 8300 double disc drill having gauge wheels mounted along side the double disc openers with an embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   i  illustrates a John Deere™ model 455, 515 or 8300 double disc drill having single or double press wheels with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   j  illustrates a John Deere™ model 8300 double disc drill having a press wheel not attached to the drill, with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   k  illustrates a Marliss™ double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   l  illustrates a Best™ double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  
       FIG. 38   m  illustrates a Great Plains™ double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   n  illustrates a Crustbuster™ model 3400 or 3700 double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   o  illustrates a Crustbuster™ model 4000 double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   p  illustrates a Haybuster™ double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith.  FIG. 38   q  illustrates a Case IH™ model 5100, 5300 or 5400 double disc drill with a two outlet or three outlet embodiment of the liquid distribution apparatus of the present invention attached therewith. Additionally, a diverter may be used along with any of the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 38   a - 38   q.    
      Including liquids  114  such as liquid fertilizer, liquid starter, liquid insecticides, liquid inoculants, and water in the furrow  110  along with the seeds  112  at the time of planting advantageously affects the growth of the plants and the ultimate yield of the crop as discussed above. The provision of some types of liquid  114  directly into the furrow  110 , however, can actually negatively affect plant growth and the ultimate crop yield if liquid  114  is distributed directly on the seeds  112 . Conversely, for some liquids and some types of seeds, it is preferable to provide liquid  114  directly on the seeds  112 . Using the various liquid distribution apparatuses described above, it is possible to dispense liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  above the seeds  112  or directly on the seeds  112 .  
      In some instances, it is preferable to dispense liquid  114  well above the vertex  120  of the furrow  110  and the seeds  112  therein. This allows a higher concentration of liquid  114 , such as fertilizers, nitrogen, zinc, pot ash, sulfur, insecticides, and the like, to be deposited in the furrow  110  along with the seeds  112 , while lessening the risk that the higher concentration liquid will damage the seeds. As the extension  118  is pulled along in the furrow  110 , it is jostled by the tractor rolling over the uneven surfaces typically found in fields, by dirt and mud falling on the extension  118 , and by other events. Thus, it is important to keep the liquid distribution apparatus  100  firmly held to the extension  118  so that the liquid distribution apparatus  100  is not inadvertently reoriented by the jostling. Otherwise, such jostling might cause liquid  114 , whether high concentration or not, to be distributed in unintended portions of the furrow  110 .  
       FIG. 39  illustrates one embodiment of an extension  226  conforming to the present invention.  FIGS. 40-47  illustrate the extension  226  with various liquid distribution apparatus configurations connected therewith, each conforming to various aspects of the present invention.  FIGS. 40-42  illustrate the extension  226  with a two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228 . The two outlet liquid distribution device  228  is oriented on the extension  226  to distribute liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  well above the vertex  120  of the furrow  110  to allow higher concentration liquids  114  to be used without damaging the seeds  112  located in the vertex  120 .  FIGS. 43-44  illustrate the extension  226  with a one outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230 . The one outlet liquid distribution device is oriented on the extension to distribute liquid on the seeds in the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 .  
      Aspects of the invention allow the extension  226  to be quickly reconfigured from a one outlet liquid distribution configuration to a two outlet liquid distribution configuration or vice versa. For either a single outlet configuration  230  or a two outlet configuration  228 , the liquid distribution device is located in a depression  232  defined along the top surface  234  of the extension  226 . The depression  232  helps to hold the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) in place. The depression  232  also facilitates changing the configuration from a one outlet setup to a two outlet setup.  
       FIGS. 45-47  illustrate an extension  226  with both a one outlet  230  and a two outlet  228  liquid distribution device. This configuration allows for distribution of liquid  114  on only the sidewalls  122 , only the vertex  120 , or both the vertex  120  and the sidewalls  122  with the same or different liquids. It also allows for reconfiguration of the liquid distribution by changing the liquid feed line at the liquid container  106  rather than swapping liquid distribution devices at the extension  226 .  
      Referring now to  FIG. 39 , an isometric view of one implementation of an extension  226  conforming to the present invention is shown. The top surface  234  of the bottom segment  236  of the extension  226  defines depression  232  to accept one or more liquid distribution apparatuses. Generally, a liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) is seated in the depression  232  to locate and to help stabilize the liquid distribution apparatus as the extension  226  is pulled through the furrow  110 .  
      The extension  226  is typically mounted to the seed tube  128 . As best shown in  FIGS. 4, 5 ,  7 , and  8 , the top segment  166  of the extension  226  is releasably attached to the seed tube  128 . In one example, described in detail above, the upper segment  166  defines an elongate slot  176  having a saw tooth pattern configured to cooperate with an attachment fixed to the seed tube that define a complimentary saw tooth pattern. The cooperating saw tooth patterns allow the user to adjust the depth that the extension extends down in the furrow  110 .  
      Referring again to  FIG. 39 , in one implementation, the bottom surface  238  of the extension  226  defines a generally concave surface  240  that acts to deflect seeds  112  into the vertex  120  of the furrow  110  after they exit the seed tube  128  and bounce around in the furrow  110 . The extension  226  includes sidewalls  242  defining a generally narrowing width to conform as much as possible to the V-shaped furrow  110  as the extension  226  extends therein. Aspects of the present invention, however, may be adapted for use with an extension that do not have a concave bottom surface and does not have a narrowing width.  
      The depression  232  in the top surface  234  of the bottom segment  236  comprises a rearward section  244 , a first  246  and a second  248  angularly orientated section, and a forwardly extending section  250 . The rearward section  244  and the forward section  250  are defined generally along the length of the extension  226  and in combination define a single continuous depression  232 . The combined depression  232  extends along the length of the extension  226  in front of the second eyelet  198   b . For reference, the second eyelet  198   b  is located towards the rear of the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) when it is attached to a farming implement. The first angularly oriented section  246  extends from the combined depression  232  to one side  252  of the extension  226 . The second angularly oriented section  248  extends from the combined depression  232  to the opposite side of the extension.  
      The depression  232  is formed, in one example, to receive the corresponding tubular portions of some of the embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus described herein.  FIGS. 40-42  illustrate a side view and a top view, respectively, of the extension  226  with an embodiment of the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  received in the depression  232 . Particularly, the supply channel  200  of the liquid distribution apparatus  228  is received in the forward section  250  of the depression  232 , and the two outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) are each received in the respective first  246  and second  248  angularly orientated sections. No portion of the liquid distribution apparatus  228  is received in the rearward section  244 . In this implementation of the extension  226 , the first and second angularly orientated sections ( 246 ,  248 ) are swept rearwardly to conform to the orientation of the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ).  
      To distribute liquid into the furrow  110 , the supply channel portion  200  of the Y-shaped liquid distribution apparatus  228  is fluidly connected with the liquid supply hose  196 . In one example, both the supply channel  200  and the liquid supply hose  196  are inserted into a sleeve  256  so that liquid  114  may flow from the supply hose  196  to the liquid distribution apparatus  228 . The outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) are arranged to distribute liquid  114  onto opposing sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  well above the vertex region  120  where the majority of the seeds  112  are located.  
      The depression  232  locates the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) forwardly of the second eyelet  198   b . Other embodiments, such as those shown in  FIGS. 5, 6 , and others, illustrate the supply portion of the liquid distribution apparatus within the second eyelet  198   b , and the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) to the rear of the second eyelet  198   b  . In these embodiments, liquid  114  is distributed on the sidewalls  122  nearer to the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 . From the seed tube  128 , the extension  118  extends rearwardly and downwardly toward the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 . The extension  118  also narrows as it extends down into the furrow  110 . Referring again to  FIGS. 40-42 , by locating the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) forwardly of the second eyelet  198   b  and generally further from the rear of the liquid distribution apparatus  228 , the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) are higher on the extension  226 . This causes the liquid  114  to be distributed higher on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  above the seeds  112  in the vertex region  120 . In some instances, the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) are lengthened as compared with other implementations so that they extend to the sides ( 252 ,  254 ) of the extension along its wider sections. By lengthening the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ), the distance or width between the outlets increases, which also causes liquid  114  to be distributed higher on the sidewalls  122 . As mentioned above, placing the liquid  114  higher on the sidewalls  122  and thus further from the seeds  112  in the vertex  120  allows a higher concentration of liquid  114  to be distributed in the furrow  110 .  
      The extension  226  may include a clamp that secures the sleeve  256 , the supply hose  196 , and the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) to the extension  226 . The sleeve  256  is placed in the clamp  258  to receive the liquid supply hose  196  and the supply channel  200 , and the clamp  258  secures them together within the sleeve  256 . By loosening the clamp  258 , the various embodiments of the liquid distribution apparatus may be swapped out quickly and efficiently. For example, if the user desires to change from a sidewall distribution configuration to a vertex distribution configuration, then a two outlet configuration may be exchanged for a straight one outlet configuration (see  FIGS. 43-44  discussed below).  
      The clamp  258  may be a bracket  262  fixed to the sleeve  256  by way of bolts  264 , screws, or the like. To receive the bolts  264  or screws, the extension  226  may define a raised area  260  defining one or more threaded apertures. To facilitate repeated loosening and tightening of the clamp  258 , a threaded sleeve formed from a metallic or other durable material may be fixed within the apertures defined in the extension  226 . In another alternative, a hinged clamp  266  may be used. The hinged clamp  266  is fixed to the extension  226  along one side of the sleeve  256  and also provided with a hinge  268 . The clamp may then be arranged to pivot over the sleeve  256 , and snap into a receiver  270  located on the opposite side of the sleeve  256 .  
       FIGS. 43-44  illustrate a side view and a top view, respectively, of the extension  226  with a single outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230  received in the depression  232 . The single outlet distribution apparatus  230 , in one example, is a straight section of hose  272  defining an inlet  274  and an outlet  276 . The inlet  274  is fluidly connected with the liquid supply hose  196 . The inlet region  274  is inserted in the sleeve  256 , which also receives the liquid supply hose  196 . The sleeve  256 , the inlet  274  of the straight hose  272 , and the liquid supply hose  196  are then secured to the extension  226  with the clamp  258 . A portion  278  of the hose  272  between the inlet  274  and the outlet  276  is arranged within the second eyelet  198   b  to further secure the hose  272  to the extension  226 . The outlet  276  of the hose  272  is arranged adjacent the very rear of the extension  226  to deposit liquid  114  on the seeds  112  located in the vertex  120  region of the furrow  110 .  
      The length of hose between the sleeve  256  and the second eyelet  198   b  is located in the continuous portion of the depression  232  running along the length of the extension  226  in front of the second eyelet  198   b . The depression  232  helps to locate the hose  272  when it is being inserted in the sleeve  256 , and also helps to secure the hose  272  to the extension  226  during use so that it is not dislodged.  
      For a user to switch from the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  to the single outlet  230 , or vice versa, the user first loosens the clamp  258 . The user then removes the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) by pulling it free from the sleeve  256 . The new liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) is then inserted into the sleeve  256 , located in the depression  232 , and the clamp  258  tightened. Thus, removal and replacement of liquid distribution apparatuses ( 228 ,  230 ) may be performed quickly and efficiently by the user.  
      The depression  232  helps to locate the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) when it is being installed. To properly connect a liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) to an extension  226 , after insertion into the sleeve  256 , but before clamping, the user places the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) within the depression  232 , and then clamps it to the extension  226 . Thus, the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) can be consistently located to the extension  226 . This is especially useful for the two outlet embodiment  228 . It is important for the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) to be properly located to distribute liquid  114  into the furrow  110 . For example, if the outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) were arranged closer to the rear of the extension  226 , then the liquid  114  would be distributed closer to the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 , which might cause damage to the seeds  112  if a high concentration liquid  114  is used. The depression  232  ensures that the two outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) are always located along the same part of the extension  226 . The user can also verify that a liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) has not been dislodged during use by determining whether the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) is located correctly within the depression  232 .  
      While the extension  226  is being pulled through the furrow  110 , it may run into any number of obstructions, such as the sidewalls  122 , mud and dirt falling onto the extension  226 , and rocks or other debris in the furrow  110 . Such obstructions may act to dislodge or dislocate the liquid distribution apparatus, which can result in liquid  114  being inadvertently deposited in unintended regions of the furrow  110 . For example, if the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  is dislodged so that one of the outlets  202  is near the center of the extension  226 , liquid  114  might be distributed on the seeds  112  when it was intended to be distributed along the sidewall  122 .  
      The depression  232  also helps to keep the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) consistently located along the extension  226  when various obstructions are encountered during planting. Portions of the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) are encompassed within the depression  232 , which protect those portions from contact with the obstructions. In one implementation, the depression  232  is about half the height of the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ). Thus, about half of the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) is encompassed by the depression  232 . Due to constraints of the plastic injection molding process, the depths of the angularly oriented sections ( 246 ,  248 ) of the depression  232  adjacent the sidewalls  242  maybe shallower.  
       FIG. 45  illustrates an isometric view of alternative embodiment of the extension  226  with both a two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  and a single outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230  connected thereto.  FIGS. 46 and 47  illustrate a side view and a top view, respectively, of the extension  226  and liquid distribution apparatuses ( 228 ,  230 ) shown in  FIG. 45 . The implementation of the extension  226  illustrated in  FIGS. 45-47  may be used to distribute liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  or in the vertex  120  of the furrow  110  directly on the seeds  112 . This embodiment may be used to also distribute liquid  114  on the sidewalls and in the vertex  120  at the same time.  
      As with other embodiments shown herein, a liquid supply hose  196   a  extends downwardly to the extension  226 . To provide for a second fluid, a second liquid supply hose  196   b  also extends down to the extension  226 . About midway along the length of the upper segment of the extension  226 , a bracket  280  extends upwardly from the extension  226  defining two eyelets ( 282 ,  284 ). The lower eyelet  282  secures the first supply hose  196   a  to the extension and the second eyelet  284  secures the second hose  196   b  to the extension  226 . The bracket  280  having the two eyelets ( 282 ,  284 ) defined thereon is similar to the bracket and the single eyelet  198   a  described with reference to  FIGS. 5-8  and others. In one implementation, the two eyelets ( 282 ,  284 ) define an aperture with a radius larger than that of the associated liquid supply hose ( 196   a ,  196   b ) so that flexing of the extension  226  will not disconnect the liquid distribution apparatuses ( 228 ,  230 ) from the supply hoses ( 196   a ,  196   b ). The liquid supply hoses ( 196   a ,  196   b ) are configured such that the second supply hose  196   b  is located generally above the first supply hose  196   a.    
      As with other embodiments described herein, the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  is fluidly connected with the first supply hose  196   a . The supply channel  200  is inserted into the sleeve  256   a  which also receives the supply hose  196   a . The supply channel  200  and outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) of the liquid distribution apparatus  228  are received in the depression  232  defined in the top surface  234  of the extension  226 . The two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  is thus configured to deposit liquid  114  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  well above the vertex  120  of the furrow where the seeds  112  are located.  
      The single outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230  is placed generally above the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  and also extends through the second eyelet  198   b  at the rear end of the extension  226 . The single outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230  is fluidly connected with the second supply hose  196   b . The outlet of the supply hose and the inlet of the single liquid distribution apparatus are received in a second sleeve  256   b  arranged above the first sleeve  256   a . The main body of the single liquid distribution apparatus extends downwardly between the rearward intersection of the two outlets ( 202   a ,  202   b ) of the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  and into the rearward section of the depression  232 . The region of the single outlet liquid distribution apparatus adjacent the outlet  276  is located within the second eyelet  198   b . The outlet  276  is located adjacent the rear of the extension  226 . Thus, the single outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230  is oriented to distribute liquid  114  directly into the vertex  120  of the furrow  110  and onto the seeds  112  therein.  
      To further secure both the single and two outlet liquid distribution apparatuses ( 228 ,  230 ) to the extension  226 , a single large clamp  286  is provided that fits over both sleeves ( 256   a ,  256   b ). When the clamp  286  is fixed or tightened to the extension  226 , it holds both the two outlet and the one outlet liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) within the sleeve and also holds the supply hoses ( 196   a ,  196   b ) within the sleeves ( 256   a ,  256   b ).  
      To distribute liquid  114  onto the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110 , into the vertex  120  of the furrow  110 , or both, the user connects the respective supply hose  196  to the appropriate liquid supply tank. To change which liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) is supplying liquid to the furrow, the user merely has to connect the correct supply hose ( 196   a ,  196   b ) to the correct tank. Such a set-up makes reconfiguration of the liquid distribution into the furrow  110  a straightforward task. The required liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) and supply hoses ( 196   a ,  196   b ) may be permanently connected to the extension. Thus, changing liquid distribution patterns merely requires the correct supply hose be connected to the correct supply tank.  
      Using the extension with two liquid distribution apparatus, the user may also distribute a first liquid  114   a  into the vertex  120  of the furrow  110  on the seeds  112  and distribute a second liquid  114   b  on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  above the seeds  112 . For example, the user may wish to place a high concentration liquid fertilizer high up on the sidewalls  122  of the furrow  110  and at the same time provide water directly onto the seeds  112  in the furrow  110  during the planting. Thus the first supply hose  196   a  supplying liquid to the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228  would be connected to a liquid fertilizer tank, and the second supply hose  196   b  supplying liquid to the single outlet liquid distribution apparatus  230  would be connected to a water tank.  
      In alternate embodiments of the invention, other structures for securing the liquid distribution apparatus ( 228 ,  230 ) to an extension are also possible. For example, as shown in the exploded isometric view of  FIG. 48  and the assembled isometric view of  FIG. 49 , an extension  290  may be employed having a pair of protrusions  292  deployed to retain or otherwise secure the liquid distribution apparatus  228 . In one particular implementation, the protrusions  292  are formed on opposite sides of a centerline  293  along the length of the upper surface  291  of the lower segment  299  of the extension  290 . Each protrusion  292  is configured to receive a screw  294  by way of an aperture  295 . The protrusions  292  are a polymer-based material formed through injection molding along with the remainder of the extension  290 , in an example.  
      The protrusions  292  shown are generally of an upstanding elongate rectangular arrangement. Other shapes and sizes are also possible. For example, the protrusions may define a prong, the protrusion may extend for a greater or lesser length along the upper surface, and the protrusions may be of differing height.  
      As shown further in  FIGS. 48 and 49 , a two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228 , along with a liquid supply hose  196  fluidly connected to the supply channel  200  of the liquid distribution apparatus  228 , is placed between the protrusions  292 . A retaining plate  228  having a hole  297  corresponding to the aperture  295  of each protrusion  292  is then placed atop the protrusions  292  so that each hole  297  aligns with the aperture  295 . A screw  294  is then rotated into the aperture  295  of each of the protrusions  292 , thereby immovably affixing the liquid distribution apparatus  228  to the extension  290 . The aperture  295  may be threaded or not, depending on whether the screws  294  employed are of a self-tapping nature.  
      The use of the screws  294  allow the rapid changing of one type of liquid distribution apparatus  228  for another while allowing a secure attachment between the liquid distribution apparatus  228  and the extension  290 . Alternate embodiments may employ different types of fasteners, such as posts, clips, and other structures to secure the liquid distribution apparatus  228  between the protrusions  292 .  
      In alternate embodiments, the protrusions  292  may each also include a flange  298 , as indicated in  FIGS. 48 and 49 , oriented parallel to and along opposite sides of the supply channel  200  of the liquid distribution apparatus  228 , further helping to maintain the liquid distribution apparatus  228  in a stationary position, even when the liquid distribution apparatus  228  makes contact with soil, rocks, and other debris while traveling within the seed furrow. Therefore, attaching the liquid distribution apparatus  228  to the extension  290  in such a secure manner aids in the consistent application of various liquids, such as water, fertilizers, insecticides, starters and inoculants, to the desired area of the seed furrow.  
      In addition to the advantage of immovably securing the liquid distribution apparatus  228 , the protrusions  292 , along with their associated flanges  298 , help divert soil, rocks, and other debris away from the liquid distribution device  28  while traveling within the seed furrow to prevent inordinate wear of the liquid distribution apparatus  228 .  
      The protrusions  292  typically are spaced at such a distance that the liquid distribution apparatus  228  fits snugly between the protrusions  292  to further aid in preventing the liquid distribution apparatus  228  from rotating or sliding in relation to the extension  290 .  
      Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 50 , a retaining plate  300  may define a pair of downwardly extending prongs  302  adapted to snap into corresponding apertures  304  defined in the sidewalls  306  of a protrusion  292 . Removal of the plate is achieved by imposing a downward force on the upper surface of the plate  300  to cause the prongs  302  to flare outwardly and disengage from the apertures  304  in the protrusion sidewalls  306 .  
      In still other embodiments, the protrusions  292  may define an inward flange  308  (as shown in  FIG. 51 ) or an inward curve along the top edge. In either arrangement, the spacing between the lower portions of the protrusions  292  is greater than between upper portions. Arranged as such, with spacing so that the diameter of the supply tube  196  is greater than that between the upper portions of the protrusions  292 , the liquid distribution apparatus  228  may be pressed between the protrusions and retained by the top portions or flanges  308  of the protrusions  292 . Thus, in either arrangement a retaining plate may not be necessary.  
      Although  FIGS. 48-51  indicate the use of the two outlet liquid distribution apparatus  228 , which is typically used for application of liquids to the sidewalls of the seed furrow, other devices, such as the one outlet liquid distribution device  230 , as described above, may be used in conjunction with these embodiments to allow the distribution of liquid at the bottom of the seed furrow. Furthermore, both a one outlet and two outlet liquid distribution device ( 228 ,  230 ) may be used simultaneously where taller protrusions  292  are employed.  
      While various embodiments of the invention have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in the form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims.