Patent Publication Number: US-2015079372-A1

Title: Transparent conductive strucutre having metal mesh

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Taiwan Application Serial Number 102133934 filed Sep. 18, 2013 and Taiwan application Serial Number 102141467, filed on Nov. 14, 2013, which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a transparent conductive structure, and more particularly, to a transparent conductive structure for a sensor of a touch device and a method for manufacturing the same. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Currently, touch panels have been wildly applied in various electric devices such as mobile devices, computers and digital cameras. The technologies for fabricating a small-size touch panel are quite mature, and the small-size touch panel is capable of fitted into many kinds of electric products equipped with a small display. 
     In a general touch panel, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is used as a main transparent conductive material. However, compared to the conductivity of metals, the surface resistance (100-400Ω/□) and line resistance (10,000-50,000Ω) of ITO are much higher. The total surface resistance of the touch panel significantly increases while the area thereof becomes greater. As such, the touch panel may have the lower response rate and poorer sensitivity. 
     In the touch panel, a transparent conductive structure having a metal mesh, such as graphene, carbon nanotube CNT or silver nanowire, is replacing the ITO material. However, the cost of the general transparent conductive structure is too high for mass production. In this regard, the transparent conductive structure with a metal mesh generally has a metal layer made from silver as a conductive material. 
     However, besides the expansive cost, silver is easy to be oxidized or sulfidized, which increases the surface resistance of the transparent conductive structure and even breaks and fail the electrical circuitry. Therefore, there is a need for an improved transparent conductive structure and a method for manufacturing thereof, so as to solve the aforementioned problems met in the art. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides a transparent conductive structure using copper to form a conductive layer and a method for manufacturing thereof, to solve the problems met in the art. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a transparent conductive structure. The transparent conductive structure comprises a transparent substrate, a first mesh structure and a second mesh structure, wherein the transparent substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to the top surface. 
     The first mesh structure is positioned on the top surface of the transparent substrate. And the first mesh structure from the top surface of the transparent substrate sequentially comprises a first dielectric layer, a first metal layer and a first anti-reflective layer. The first metal layer is positioned on the first dielectric layer, and the first anti-reflective layer is positioned on the first metal layer. 
     The second mesh structure is positioned on the bottom surface of the transparent substrate. And the second mesh structure from the bottom surface of the transparent substrate sequentially comprises a second dielectric layer, a second metal layer and a second anti-reflective layer. The second metal layer is positioned on the second dielectric layer, and the second anti-reflective layer is positioned on the second metal layer. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the line widths of the first mesh structure and the second mesh structure are about 2-15 μm. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the transparent substrate is a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. According to one example of the present disclosure, the rigid substrate comprises glass, fiber-glass or hard plastic. According to one example of the present disclosure, the flexible substrate comprises polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC). 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the materials of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are individually a metal, an oxygen-containing metal compound or a sulfur-containing metal compound. According to one example of the present disclosure, the metal or the metal compound is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn) and the combinations thereof. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are about 1-200 nm. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are in blue, deep-blue or black. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the materials of the first anti-reflective layer and the second anti-reflective layer are individually a metal, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide. According to one example of the present disclosure, the metal is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), tungsten (W), iron (Fe) and the combinations thereof. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first anti-reflective layer and the second anti-reflective layer are about 5-1,000 nm. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the first anti-reflective layer and the second anti-reflective layer are in blue, deep-blue or black. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the materials of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are copper (Cu) or silver (Ag). 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are about 0.2-3.0 μm. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the first mesh structure and the second mesh structure are in a grid pattern, a rhombus pattern or a square-cell pattern. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the first mesh structure further comprises a first tie coat layer sandwiched between the top surface of the transparent substrate and the first dielectric layer; and the second mesh structure further comprises a second tie coat layer sandwiched between the bottom surface of the transparent substrate and the second dielectric layer. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the materials of the first tie coat layer and the second tie coat layer are individually a metal, an oxygen-containing metal compound, or a sulfur-containing metal compound. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the metal or the metal compound is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V) and the combinations thereof. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first tie coat layer and the second tie coat layer are about 1-200 nm. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the first mesh structure further comprises a first passivation layer covering the first anti-reflective layer; and the second mesh structure further comprises a second passivation layer covering the second anti-reflective layer. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the materials of the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer is an optical clear adhesive (OCA). 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the OCA is a transparent acrylic adhesive. 
     According to one example of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer are about 10-100 μm. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a top view of a transparent conductive structure  100  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive structure  200  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive structure  300  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The embodiments of the transparent conductive structure and a method for manufacturing the same of the present disclosure are discussed in detail below, but not limited the scope of the present disclosure. The same symbols or numbers are used to the same or similar portion in the drawings or the description. And the applications of the present disclosure are not limited by the following embodiments and examples which the person in the art can apply in the related field. 
     The singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” used herein include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Therefore, reference to, for example, a metal layer includes embodiments having two or more such metal layers, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be appreciated that the following figures are not drawn to scale; rather, the figures are intended; rather, these figures are intended for illustration. 
       FIG. 1  is a top view of a transparent conductive structure  100  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In  FIG. 1 , the transparent conductive structure  100  comprises a transparent substrate  110 , a first mesh structure  130  and a second mesh structure  120 . 
     The first mesh structure  130  has a plurality of conductive wires extended laterally. The second mesh structure  120  has a plurality of conductive wires extended longitudinally. In the top view of the transparent conductive structure  100 , the conductive wires of the first mesh structure  130  and the second mesh structure  120  crisscross to form a square-cell pattern. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the line widths of the conductive wires of the first and second mesh structures are about 2-15 μm, and preferred about 2-8 μm. Because the first and second mesh structures have varied fine conductive wires, it may prevent light to occur moire or interference fringe. 
     The transparent conductive structure disclosed as various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied into a touch device or a display device. Because the transparent conductive structure has metal layers, the first and second mesh structure in one embodiment of the present disclosure is needed to perform a darkening treatment, so as to avoid the metal layer generating light reflection to occur chromatic aberration or visible metal wire. Otherwise, because the first and second mesh structures are in deep blue or black, it can be used to absorb reflective light or scattering light, and to prevent light diffraction or moire occurred by the conductive wires. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive structure  200  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In  FIG. 2 , the transparent conductive structure  200  comprises a transparent substrate  210 , a first mesh structure  230  and a second mesh structure  220 . 
     The transparent substrate  210  has a top surface and a bottom surface. The first mesh structure  230  is positioned on the top surface of the transparent substrate  210 ; and the second mesh structure  220  is positioned on the bottom surface of the transparent substrate  210 . In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent substrate is a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the rigid substrate comprises glass, fiber-glass or a hard plastic. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flexible substrate comprises polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC). 
     In  FIG. 2 , the first mesh structure  230  comprises a first metal layer  231 , a first dielectric layer  232  and a first anti-reflective layer  233 . In which, the first dielectric layer  232 , the first metal layer  231  and the first anti-reflective layer  233  are sequentially positioned on the top surface of the transparent substrate  210 . 
     The second mesh structure  220  comprises a second metal layer  221 , a second dielectric layer  222  and a second anti-reflective layer  223 . In which, the second dielectric layer  222 , the second metal layer  221  and the second anti-reflective layer  223  are sequentially positioned on the bottom surface of the transparent substrate  210 . 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second metal layers are copper (Cu) or silver (Ag). In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second metal layers are about 0.2-3.0 μm. The resistance of copper (Cu) is about 1.678×10 −6  Ω-cm, and much lower than other nonmetal transparent conductive materials. Therefore, if copper can be used to fabricate a conductive film with more than 85% of light-transmittance, the conductive film cab be used as a transparent conductive structure. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a mesh structure having vary fine metal wires is made from copper, and light can be transmitted through the openings of the mesh structure, so that the mesh structure has better light-transmittance and conductivity at the same device. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second dielectric layers are individually a metal, an oxygen-containing metal compound or a sulfur-containing metal compound. It is important that, the oxygen-containing or sulfur-containing metal compounds are oxygen molecules, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms doped within metal crystals. 
     When metal crystals are doped with oxygen molecules, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, the metal compound may lose metallic luster thereof, and an oxygen-containing or sulfur-containing metal compound in blue, deep-blue or black is obtained. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal or the metal compound is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn) and the combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first and second dielectric layers are in blue, deep-blue or black. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second dielectric layer are about 1-200 nm. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second anti-reflective layers are individually a metal, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), tungsten (W), iron (Fe) and the combinations thereof. 
     Because the metal oxides provided in embodiments of the present disclosure are all in blue, deep-blue or black, the first and second anti-reflective layers containing the same are in blue, deep-blue or black. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second anti-reflective layers are about 5-1,000 nm. 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive structure  300  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In  FIG. 3 , the transparent conductive structure  300  comprises a transparent substrate  310 , a first mesh structure  330  and a second mesh structure  320 . 
     The transparent substrate  310  has a top surface and a bottom surface. The first mesh structure  330  is positioned on the top surface of the transparent substrate  310 ; and the second mesh structure  320  is positioned on the bottom surface of the transparent substrate  310 . In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent substrate is a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the rigid substrate comprises glass, fiber-glass or a hard plastic. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flexible substrate comprises polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC). 
     In  FIG. 3 , the first mesh structure  330  comprises a first metal layer  331 , a first dielectric layer  332 , a first anti-reflective layer  333 , a first tie coat layer  334  and a first passivation layer  335 . In which, the first tie coat layer  334 , the first dielectric layer  332 , the first metal layer  331 , the first anti-reflective layer  333  and the first passivation layer  335  are sequentially positioned on the top surface of the transparent substrate  310 . 
     The second mesh structure  320  comprises a second metal layer  321 , a second dielectric layer  322 , a second anti-reflective layer  223 , a second tie coat layer  324  and a second passivation layer  325 . In which, the second tie coat layer  324 , the second dielectric layer  322 , the second metal layer  321 , the second anti-reflective layer  323  and the second passivation layer  325  are sequentially positioned on the bottom surface of the transparent substrate  310 . 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second metal layers are copper (Cu) or silver (Ag). In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second metal layers are about 0.2-3.0 μm. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second dielectric layers are individually a metal, an oxygen-containing metal compound or a sulfur-containing metal compound. It is important that, the oxygen-containing or sulfur-containing metal compounds are oxygen molecules, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms doped within metal crystals. 
     When metal crystals are doped with oxygen molecules, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, the metal compound may lose metallic luster thereof, and an oxygen-containing or sulfur-containing metal compound in blue, deep-blue or black is obtained. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal or the metal compound is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn) and the combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first and second dielectric layers are in blue, deep-blue or black. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second dielectric layer are about 1-200 nm. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second anti-reflective layers are individually a metal, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), tungsten (W), iron (Fe) and the combinations thereof. 
     Because the metal oxides provided in embodiments of the present disclosure are all in blue, deep-blue or black, the first and second anti-reflective layers containing the same are in blue, deep-blue or black. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second anti-reflective layers are about 5-1,000 nm. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first and second tie coat layers are individually a metal, an oxygen-containing metal compound or a sulfur-containing metal compound. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal or the metal compound is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V) and the combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second tie coat layers are about 1-200 nm. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer is an optical clear adhesive (OCA) such as a transparent acrylic adhesive. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of the first and second passivation layers are about 10-100 μm. 
     Embodiment 1 
     A PET transparent substrate is provided, and then the top surface and the bottom surface of the PET transparent substrate are performed the following steps at the same time. A nickel-chromium alloy is sputtered on the PET transparent substrate as tie coat layers with about 20 nm. Then, a zinc-copper alloy is sputtered on the tie coat layers as dielectric layers, so as to enhance the binding strength between the nickel-chromium alloy and a copper metal. 
     And then, the copper metal is electroplated on the dielectric layers by an electroplating process, so as to form metal conductive layers. In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the metal conductive layers are about 0.7 μm. The components of an electroplating solution for forming the aforementioned metal conductive layer are shown on Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 components of electroplating solution for forming metal 
               
               
                 conductive layer 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 Concentration 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 CuSO 4 •5H 2 O 
                 100 
                 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 SO 4   
                 180 
                 g/L 
               
               
                   
                 HCl 
                 50  
                 ppm 
               
               
                   
                 Additive A a   
                 10 
                 g/L 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Additive B b   
                 trace amount 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Additive C c   
                 0.75  
                 mL/L 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Note: 
               
               
                   
                 the temperature of electroplating is 45° C. 
               
               
                   
                   a Additive A bought from EBARA (Japan), model: CU-BRITE RF MU 
               
               
                   
                   b Additive B bought from EBARA (Japan), model: CU-BRITE RF-A 
               
               
                   
                   c Additive C bought from EBARA (Japan), model: CU-BRITE RF-B 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     An electroplating process is following performed to individually electroplate anti-reflective layers on the metal conductive layers. In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the anti-reflective layers are about 0.1 μm, and the materials thereof are a black nickel zinc sulfide. The components of an electroplating solution for forming the aforementioned nickel zinc mixture are shown on Table 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 components of electroplating solution for forming nickel zinc 
               
               
                 mixture 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Components 
                 Concentration (g/L) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 NiSO4•7H 2 O 
                 80 
               
               
                 ZnSO4•7H 2 O 
                 45 
               
               
                 NH 4 SCN 
                 30 
               
               
                 H 3 BO 3   
                 30 
               
               
                 NiSO 4 (NH 4 )SO 4 •6H 2 O 
                 50 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                 when the pH value of the electroplating solution is 5.0, the color of the electroplating solution is closed to black. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 the CIE coordinates of the tie coat layers and the anti-reflective 
               
               
                 layers in embodiment 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 CIE coordinates 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 L* 
                 a* 
                 b* 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 tie coat layers 
                 13 
                 0.13 
                 0.73 
               
               
                 anti-reflective layers 
                 12 
                 −0.15 
                 −0.01 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 3 illustrates that, the CIE coordinates of the tie coat layers and anti-reflective layers in this embodiment are all closed to black, so as to absorb reflective light or scattering light, and to reduce light diffraction. 
     A lithography process is following used to etch the tie coat layers, dielectric layers, metal conductive layers and anti-reflective layers, so as to form a mesh structure. In this embodiment, the line width of the mesh structure is about 4 μm. And then, an optical clear adhesive covers on the anti-reflective layer to be a passivation layer, and a copper metal mesh structure is obtained. The copper metal mesh structure may be applied into a touch panel as a sensor. 
     The metal atoms proportions and the oxygen atom contents of the layers of the transparent conductive structure is measured by ICP and element analyzer, so that the surface resistance and line resistance of the transparent conductive structure can be regulated (referred to Table 4), and the CIE data of the layers of the transparent conductive structure. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4* 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 surface resistance, line resistance and light-transmittance of 
               
               
                 embodiment 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 surface resistance 
                 line resistance 
                 light-transmittance 
               
               
                   
                 (Ω/□) 
                 (Ω) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 embodiment 1 
                 0.07 
                 &lt;800 
                 88 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Table 4 is illustrated the surface resistance, line resistance and light-transmittance of a 13-inch transparent conductive structure in embodiment 1. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Embodiment 2 
     In embodiment 2, the tie coat layers are oxygen-containing molybdenum compound, and the material of the anti-reflective layers is molybdenum oxide. The method of embodiment 2 and the materials of the other layers are same as embodiment 1, so there is no need to go into details. 
     The metal atoms proportions and the oxygen atom contents of the layers of the transparent conductive structure is measured by ICP-AES and element analyzer, so that the surface resistance and line resistance of the transparent conductive structure can be regulated, and the CIE data of the layers of the transparent conductive structure (referred to Table 5-6). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 the CIE coordinates of the tie coat layers and the anti-reflective 
               
               
                 layers in embodiment 2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 CIE coordinates 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 L* 
                 a* 
                 b* 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 tie coat layers 
                 28 
                 −4.8 
                 −3.8 
               
               
                 anti-reflective layers 
                 23 
                 −6.5 
                 −12.6 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 5 illustrates that, the color of the tie coat layers is closed to deep-blue, and the color of the anti-reflective layers is also closed to deep-blue. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6* 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 surface resistance, line resistance and light-transmittance of 
               
               
                 embodiment 2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 surface resistance 
                 line resistance 
                 light-transmittance 
               
               
                   
                 (Ω/□) 
                 (Ω) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 embodiment 2 
                 0.06 
                 &lt;700 
                 88 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Table 6 is illustrated the surface resistance, line resistance and light-transmittance of a 13-inch transparent conductive structure in embodiment 2. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The surface resistance of the transparent conductive structure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is about 0.01-1Ω/□, and the line resistance thereof is less than 700Ω. The surface resistance and line resistance of the transparent conductive structure in this embodiment are both much less than the surface resistance (100-400Ω/□) and line resistance (&gt;10,000Ω) of ITO. Therefore, the transparent conductive structure according various embodiments of the present disclosure has lower surface resistance and higher conductivity. As applied into a touch device, the transparent conductive structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure has better sensitivity. In another aspect, because the top and bottom sides of the metal layer in the transparent conductive structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure are covered by the deep-blue or black dielectric layers and passivation layers, so as to prevent chromatic aberration occurred by light reflection, light scattering or light diffraction. 
     Otherwise, the metal layer of the transparent conductive structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure is made from copper as a conductive material. Compared to silver (Ag), copper has higher chemical stability, which is not easy to be oxidized or sulfidized to damage the transparent conductive structure, or to occur electrical failure. The cost of copper is lower than silver, so that the product cost may be significantly reduced. 
     Although embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages have been described in detail, they are not used to limit the present disclosure. It should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protecting scope of the present disclosure should be defined as the following claims.