Patent Publication Number: US-2021189777-A1

Title: Emergency Opening Structure for Frunk Latch

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0169418, filed on Dec. 18, 2019, which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In general, a vehicle is provided at the front portion thereof with an engine compartment, which is opened and closed by a front hood. The front hood functions not only to open and close the engine compartment but also to shield the engine compartment to block engine noise. The front hood is coupled at left and right sides of the rear end thereof to the upper portion of the engine compartment via hinge assemblies, and opens and closes the engine compartment by rotating about the hinge assemblies. 
     In recent years, electric vehicles, in which a battery is mounted to the floor of the vehicle body, have been actively developed as a substitute for typical vehicles, in which a powertrain, including an engine and a transmission, is mounted in an engine compartment. In such an electric vehicle, the space present in the front portion of the vehicle body (i.e. the space corresponding to the engine compartment, in which a typical powertrain is mounted) is utilized as a trunk. Since this trunk is provided in the front portion of the vehicle body, it is generally called a front trunk or a frunk. 
     In general, the hood of a vehicle is structured to be locked in two stages. In order to unlock the hood, a user first operates a release lever in the interior of the vehicle such that the first-stage locked state is released by operation of a cable, and then the user puts his hand into the engine compartment in front of the vehicle to unlatch a safety lever, thereby releasing the second-stage locked state. As such, the hood of a vehicle has a two-stage safety structure. 
     This is provided to satisfy vehicle safety standard regulations. Accordingly, a firm hood latch device needs to be installed at the hood of a vehicle. A vehicle having a hood structure in which the hood is opened and closed at the front portion of the vehicle is regulated so as to have a two-stage locking structure or a two-point locking structure for the hood in order to prevent the hood from opening and obstructing a driver&#39;s field of vision while driving. 
     In general, the operation of opening the hood includes a first-stage opening operation for unlocking a hood latch and a second-stage opening operation in which the user flips a safety lever in an opening direction. 
     In this case, the safety lever functions to prevent the hood from popping up instantaneously upon the first-stage opening operation. After performing the second-stage opening operation, i.e. flipping the safety lever in the opening direction, the user is capable of lifting up the hood. 
     However, in the case in which the hood is equipped with latch structures used respectively for the first-stage opening operation and the second-stage opening operation, the weight and installation cost of the hood increases, and a large installation space is required. Further, in the case of installing a separate electric latch, installation costs increase, and the probability of failure increases. 
     The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the related art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. 
     A dual unlocking hood latch system is disclosed in US Pat. Pub. No. 2015/0345186, which claims priority to Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1560979. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure relates to an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch. Particular embodiments relate to an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch, which enables not only a basic opening mode but also an emergency opening mode, in which a person locked in the frunk is capable of opening the frunk, using a single latch structure. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure can solve problems associated with the related art, and an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch, which enables not only a basic opening mode but also an emergency opening mode, in which a person locked in the frunk is capable of opening the frunk, using a single latch structure. 
     Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch, which is configured such that a latch is operated in a mechanical manner, rather than in an electrical manner. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and other embodiments not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description, and will become apparent with reference to the described embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be accomplished by the components described in the appended claims and combinations thereof. 
     One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch, including a base secured to a vehicle body, a pawl disposed on one surface of the base and configured to be rotatable, a first cable to which tension is applied by operation of an in-vehicle handle, a release lever configured to apply tension of the first cable to the pawl, a blade lever located at the release lever and configured to cause the pawl and the release lever to be operated together when the release lever is rotated by the first cable, a second cable to which tension is applied by operation of an in-frunk handle, an emergency lever configured such that the second cable is connected to one end thereof and such that an opposite end thereof is rotatable and is interlocked with the pawl, and a catch configured to be operated together with the pawl to unlock a striker. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the pawl may be rotated when the blade lever catches on a boss located at one end of the pawl. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the boss of the pawl may include a first boss located at the pawl to cause the pawl to release first-stage locking when one end of the blade lever catches thereon, and a second boss located at the pawl to cause the pawl to release second-stage locking when additional tension is applied to the first cable and the end of the blade lever catches thereon. 
     In still another preferred embodiment, the blade lever may be located on one surface of the release lever, and when tension is applied to the release lever from the first cable, the blade lever may catch on the first boss or the second boss and may rotate the pawl. 
     In yet another preferred embodiment, the emergency opening structure may further include an emergency link located at the opposite end of the emergency lever, and when the emergency lever is rotated by the second cable, the emergency link may rotate one end of the pawl. 
     In still yet another preferred embodiment, the emergency link may be configured to rotate the pawl. 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the emergency link may include a guide slot formed therein into which a protruding part of the base is inserted, and the emergency link may move while being guided by the protruding part to rotate the pawl. 
     In another further preferred embodiment, the catch may include a first latching protrusion and a second latching protrusion, and when the pawl rotates, the first latching protrusion and the second latching protrusion may sequentially catch on the pawl. 
     In still another further preferred embodiment, the emergency opening structure may further include an elastic member located on the center shaft of the catch to rotate the catch in a direction in which the striker is unlocked. 
     In yet another further preferred embodiment, when rotational force is applied to the emergency lever, the emergency lever may rotate the pawl such that the first latching protrusion and the second latching protrusion of the catch are released from the pawl. 
     Other aspects and preferred embodiments of the disclosure are discussed infra. 
     It is understood that the term “vehicle” or “vehicular” or other similar term as used herein is inclusive of motor vehicles in general such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUVs), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats and ships, aircraft, and the like, and includes hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g. fuels derived from resources other than petroleum). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that has two or more sources of power, for example both gasoline-powered and electric-powered vehicles. 
     The above and other features of the disclosure are discussed infra. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings which are given hereinbelow by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present disclosure, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a front view of an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4A  is a view illustrating the state in which tension is applied to a first cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4B  is a view illustrating the state in which a pawl is rotated by a first cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4C  is a view illustrating the state in which first-stage locking is released by a first cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5A  is a view illustrating the state in which a pawl is further rotated by application of additional tension to a first cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5B  is a view illustrating the state in which a blade lever is rotated by a first cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5C  is a view illustrating the state in which second-stage locking is released by a first cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6A  is a view illustrating the state in which an emergency lever is rotated by a second cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 6B  is a view illustrating the state in which an emergency link is rotated by a second cable in an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     It should be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various preferred features illustrative of the basic principles of the embodiments of the disclosure. The specific design features of the embodiments of the present disclosure as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes, will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment. 
     In the figures, reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present disclosure throughout the several figures of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and will more fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. 
     The terms “part”, “unit”, and “member” used in the specification mean units for processing at least one function or operation, and may be implemented using hardware components, software components, or combinations thereof. 
     Further, the term “frunk” used in the specification includes both a front frunk and a rear trunk, and the following description in the specification will focus on one end of the frunk. 
     Furthermore, the term “basic mode” used in the specification is a mode in which a frunk is opened in a normal situation, and the term “emergency mode” is a mode in which the frunk is opened by a person locked in the frunk. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a latch structure in which an unlocking operation is realized through two-stage rotation upon manipulating an in-vehicle handle  400  twice in the basic mode. Further, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch in which an emergency lever  210 , interlocked with a second cable  200 , is provided on a base  100  so as to unlock a catch  300  upon manipulating an in-frunk handle  500  once in the emergency mode. 
     That is, in the basic mode, upon first manipulation of the in-vehicle handle  400 , a completely locked state, in which a first latching protrusion  310  of the catch  300  catches on a pawl  120 , is changed to a first unlocked state, in which a second latching protrusion  320  of the catch  300  is caught in a recess in the pawl  120 , and is subsequently changed to a completely unlocked state, in which the first latching protrusion  310  and the second latching protrusion  320  are completely released from the pawl  120 , upon second manipulation of the in-vehicle handle  400 . In the emergency mode, upon manipulation of the in-frunk handle  500  once, the pawl  120  and the catch  300  are successively rotated so as to unlock the frunk. 
       FIGS. 1 to 3  are views illustrating an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     As shown in the drawings, the emergency opening structure for a frunk latch may include a base  100 , which is secured to a vehicle body, and may further include a pawl  120 , a release lever  130 , and a blade lever  140 , which are disposed on one surface of the base  100 . A catch  300  is provided so as to be located adjacent to the pawl  120  in the same plane as the pawl  120 . The catch  300  includes a first latching protrusion  310  and a second latching protrusion  320 , which are formed so as to be caught in a recess formed in one side surface of the pawl  120 . 
     The pawl  120  is configured to rotate about a pawl center shaft  121 , which is located on one surface of the upper end portion of the base  100 . A release lever  130  is provided so as to be located in front of the pawl  120 . 
     The release lever  130  may be configured to be coupled to a back plate  150 , which surrounds the pawl center shaft  121 . The back plate  150  may be located such that the pawl  120  and the release lever  130  are spaced apart from each other in the forward-backward direction of the base  100 . The release center shaft  131  of the release lever  130  may be located on the back plate  150 . A first cable  110 , which is connected to an in-vehicle handle  400 , is connected to a portion of the release lever  130 . 
     The blade lever  140  is located on one surface of the release lever  130 . A blade center shaft  141  is located on the release lever  130 . Thus, when the first cable  110  applies tension to the release lever  130 , the blade lever  140  pivots on one surface of the release lever  130 . 
     More preferably, when the release lever  130  receives tension from the first cable  110  and thus rotates, the blade lever  140  moves in the downward direction about the blade center shaft  141  located on one surface of the release lever  130 . 
     The other end of the blade lever  140 , which is opposite the end of the blade lever  140  at which the blade center shaft  141  is located, selectively catches on bosses  124  of the pawl  120  such that the rotational force applied to the blade lever  140  is transmitted to the pawl  120 . 
     More preferably, in the basic mode, the release lever  130  is rotated by the tension applied to the first cable  110  in response to the operation of manipulating the in-vehicle handle  400  once, and the blade lever  140 , which is on one surface of the release lever  130 , is introduced into a space between a first boss  122  and a second boss  123 . Further, the slanted surface of the blade lever  140  moves downward while contacting one end of the second boss  123 , and then catches on the first boss  122 . Thereby, the pawl  120  is rotated in the same direction as the blade lever  140 . 
     Further, in response to the operation of manipulating the in-vehicle handle  400  twice, one end of the blade lever  140  catches on the other end of the second boss  123  such that the pawl  120  is further rotated. In the basic mode, in the locked state, in which the first latching protrusion  310  of the catch  300  catches on the pawl  120 , when the in-vehicle handle  400  is manipulated once, the release lever  130  is rotated, and the blade lever  140  is introduced into the space between the first boss  122  and the second boss  123  so as to transmit tension applied from the first cable  110 . The second latching protrusion  320  of the catch  300  is located so as to correspond to the recess in the pawl  120 . 
     In the state in which the first-stage locking is released in the above manner, when the in-vehicle handle  400  is additionally manipulated, the blade lever  140  catches on the second boss  123  so as to apply tension to the pawl  120 , thereby releasing the second-stage locking of the frunk. 
     Meanwhile, in the emergency mode, tension is applied to a second cable  200 , which is located at one end of an emergency lever  210 , and an emergency link  220 , which is located at the other end of the emergency lever  210 , is rotated so as to catch on the pawl  120 . Further, the catch  300 , which catches on the pawl  120 , is successively rotated, thereby unlocking the frunk. 
     Hereinafter, the operation of releasing the first-stage locking of the frunk by manipulating the in-vehicle handle  400  in the basic mode will be described with reference to  FIGS. 4A to 4C . 
       FIG. 4A  is a view illustrating the state in which tension is initially applied to the first cable  110 ,  FIG. 4B  is a view illustrating the state in which the release lever  130  and the blade lever  140  are operated by the application of tension and the pawl  120  is rotated in conjunction therewith, and  FIG. 4C  is a view illustrating the coupling relationships among the components in the state in which the first-stage locking of the frunk is released. 
     In the initial locked state, when tension is applied to the release lever  130  from the first cable  110  connected to the in-vehicle handle  400 , the release lever  130 , to which one end of the first cable  110  is secured, is rotated about the release center shaft  131 . 
     The release lever  130 , which is located on the back plate  150 , is configured to form an operation plane that is located further forward than the operation plane of the pawl  120  in the forward-backward direction of the base  100 . Further, the blade lever  140 , which is located on one surface of the release lever  130 , is configured to be operated at a position further forward than the operation plane of the release lever  130 . 
     In summary, the pawl  120  and the catch  300  are located on the base  100  so as to have the same operation plane as each other, the release lever  130  is located in the operation plane of the pawl  120 , and the blade lever  140  is located in the operation plane of the release lever  130 . 
     When the release lever  130  is rotated by the first cable  110 , the blade lever  140 , which is located on one surface of the releaser lever  130 , becomes adjacent to the second boss  123 . When the amount of tension applied from the first cable  110  exceeds a predetermined level, the other end of the blade lever  140  catches on the first boss  122 , which is located at one end of the pawl  120 , thereby applying the tension to the pawl  120 . 
     The other end of the pawl  120 , at which the bosses  124  are located, is rotated about the pawl center shaft  121  by the tension applied to the first boss  122  by the blade lever  140 . 
     The release lever  130 , the blade lever  140 , and the pawl  120  are rotated in the same direction by the tension applied thereto from the first cable  110 , and the catch  300 , which catches on the pawl  120 , is also rotated in the same direction as the pawl  120 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4C , when the first-stage locking is released, the first latching protrusion  310  of the catch  300  is released from the pawl  120  by the first cable  110 , and the second latching protrusion  320  catches on the pawl  120 . When the tension applied thereto from the first cable  110  is removed, the release lever  130  and the blade lever  140  are restored to the original states thereof. 
     A spring is provided on the release center shaft  131  so as to apply elastic force to the release lever  130  in a direction opposite the direction in which the tension is applied to the release lever  130  from the first cable  110 . When the force of manipulating the in-vehicle handle  400  is removed, the release lever  130  is restored to the original state thereof. 
     Further, the blade lever  140 , which is located on one surface of the release lever  130 , is moved away from the bosses  124  of the pawl  120  and is restored to the original state thereof by a spring provided on the blade center shaft  141 . 
     In addition, when the first-stage locking is completely released, the second latching protrusion  320  of the catch is maintained in the state of catching on the pawl  120 . Compared with the initial locked state, the end of the pawl  120 , at which the bosses  124  are located, is spaced apart from the blade lever  140 . 
     As described above, the first-stage locking of the frunk is released in response to the operation of manipulating the in-vehicle handle  400  once. In this state, the second latching protrusion  320  of the catch  300  is caught in the recess in the pawl  120 , whereby the second-stage locked state is maintained. 
       FIG. 5A  is a view illustrating the state in which additional tension is applied to the first cable  110  in order to release the second-stage locking in the basic mode,  FIG. 5B  is a view illustrating the state in which the catch  300  is completely opened by the tension from the first cable  110 , and  FIG. 5C  is a view illustrating the coupling relationships among the components in the state in which the second-stage locking of the frunk is released. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , in the basic mode, when the second manipulation is applied to the in-vehicle handle  400  in the state in which the first-stage locking is released, the release lever  130  is rotated by the tension from the first cable  110 , and the blade lever  140  is rotated simultaneously with the release lever  130 . 
     More preferably, in the state in which the first-stage locking is released, the release lever  130  and the blade lever  140  are rotated to predetermined angles and are restored to the original states thereof by the elastic force of the springs, which are located on the center shafts  131  and  141 , in a direction opposite the direction in which the tension is applied thereto from the first cable  110 , and the blade lever  140  is spaced apart from the bosses  124  of the pawl  120 . 
     In addition, in the state in which the pawl  120  is rotated to a position adjacent to the first cable  110  upon release of the first-stage locking, when the in-vehicle handle  400  is again manipulated, the blade lever  140  catches on the bosses  124  of the pawl  120 . More preferably, the blade lever  140  catches on the second boss  123 , thereby further rotating the pawl  120 . 
     When the blade lever  140  catches on the second boss  123  and the tension from the first cable  110  is transmitted to the pawl  120 , the second latching protrusion  320  of the catch  300  is released from the recess in the pawl  120 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 5B , when the second latching protrusion  320  is released from the recess in the pawl  120 , a seating recess formed in the catch  300  is rotated by an elastic member, which is located on the rotation shaft of the catch  300 , in the direction in which a striker  600  is unlocked. 
     That is, when the first-stage locking is completely released, the end of the blade lever  140  is spaced apart from the bosses  124  of the pawl  120 , and when additional tension is applied to the first cable  110  to release the second-stage locking, the blade lever  140  is rotated so as to catch on the second boss  123  provided at the end of the pawl  120 . 
     More preferably, since the second boss  123  and the blade lever  140  are rotated together, the second latching protrusion  320  of the catch  300  is released from the recess in the pawl  120  by the rotation of the pawl  120 , and the striker  600  is thus spaced apart from the seating recess in the catch  300  so as to be free. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5C , when the second-stage locking is completely released, the seating recess in the catch  300  is oriented in the height direction of the base  100 , and the striker  600  is thus unlocked from the base  100  and the catch  300 . 
     Further, when the tension applied thereto from the first cable  110  is removed, the release lever  130  and the blade lever  140  are rotated to predetermined angles and are restored to the original states thereof by the springs provided on the release center shaft  131  and the blade center shaft  141 . 
     Furthermore, when the second-stage locking is completely released and when the first-stage locking is completely released, the release lever  130  and the blade lever  140  are respectively restored to constant positions. 
       FIGS. 4A to 5C  are views illustrating the coupling relationships among the components when the first-stage locking is released and when the second-stage locking is released in the basic mode, and  FIGS. 6A and 6B  are views illustrating the unlocking operation in the emergency mode. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates the unlocking operation in the emergency mode, which is performed when tension is applied to the second cable  200 , which is located at a position symmetric to the position of the first cable  110  in the width direction of the base  100 . 
     The second cable  200  is configured to apply tension to an emergency lever  210  when an in-frunk handle  500  is manipulated. The second cable  200  is connected to the upper end of the emergency lever  210 , and the lower end of the emergency lever  210  is located adjacent to the end of the pawl  120 , at which the bosses  124  are located, via an emergency link  220 . 
     The emergency lever  210  has the same shaft as the catch  300 , and is located on one surface of the catch  300 . Further, the emergency lever  210  and the catch  300  are configured to be rotatable about the same shaft independently of each other. 
     In addition, the emergency link  220  is connected to the emergency lever  210  and moves in the same plane as the operation plane of the pawl  120 . Thereby, the rotational force of the emergency lever  210  is transmitted to the pawl  120 . 
     When the in-frunk handle  500  is manipulated and tension is thus applied to the second cable  200 , one end of the emergency lever  210 , to which the second cable  200  is connected, is rotated about a center shaft of the emergency lever  210 , which is secured to the base  100 , and the emergency link  220 , which is connected to the other end of the emergency lever  210 , is moved to a position adjacent to the pawl  120 . 
     The emergency link  220  includes a guide slot  221  formed therein, and a protruding part  101  provided on the base  100  is located in the guide slot  221 . Upon rotation of the emergency lever  210 , the emergency link  220  is moved so as to be opposite the end of the pawl  120  while being guided by the protruding part  101 . 
     The emergency link  220  and the emergency lever  210  are connected to each other via a single shaft. Therefore, the guide slot  221  may be formed in a curved shape such that the emergency link  220  moves linearly in accordance with rotation of the emergency lever  210 . 
     When the emergency lever  210  is rotated by the second cable  200 , the emergency link  220  comes into contact with the other end of the pawl  120 , at which the bosses  124  are located. Thereafter, when the emergency lever  210  is further rotated by the tension applied thereto from the second cable  200 , the pawl  120  is rotated in the same direction as the direction in which the pawl  120  is rotated in the basic mode. Upon rotation of the pawl  120 , the first latching protrusion  310  and the second latching protrusion  320  are released from the pawl  120 , and the catch  300  is rotated so as to be unlocked from the striker  600 . 
     Further, when the in-frunk handle  500  is manipulated once, the emergency link  220  causes the pawl  120  to be rotated. The rotation of the pawl  120  causes the catch  300  to be successively rotated. 
     In summary, in the basic mode, the first-stage locking is released in response to the first manipulation of the in-vehicle handle  400 , and the second-stage locking is released in response to the subsequent second manipulation of the in-vehicle handle  400 . In the emergency mode, upon manipulating the in-frunk handle  500  once, the pawl  120  is rotated, and the catch  300  is successively rotated so as to be unlocked from the striker  600 . 
     As is apparent from the above description, the emergency opening structure for a frunk latch according to embodiments of the present disclosure has the following effects. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an emergency opening structure for a frunk latch, which enables not only a basic opening mode but also an emergency opening mode, in which a person locked in the frunk is capable of opening the frunk, using a single latch structure, thereby reducing the size of the latch structure and manufacturing costs thereof. 
     In addition, since the mechanical-type latch structure is applied in place of an electric-type latch structure, the marketability of the product may be enhanced. 
     The foregoing detailed description of the present disclosure is merely illustrative. The foregoing content is intended to illustrate and describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments. That is, the present disclosure may be modified or changed within the scope of the concept of the present disclosure disclosed herein, the scope equivalent to the foregoing content, and/or the scope of technology or knowledge known in the art. The embodiments described above are intended to describe the best mode for implementing the technical idea of the present disclosure, and various modifications required for specific applications and uses of the present disclosure are also possible. Thus, the foregoing detailed description is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the disclosed modes. The appended claims should be interpreted as also including other modes.