Patent Publication Number: US-2001000088-A1

Title: Prefabric fiber reinforced cement (GRC) wallpanel

Description:
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       1. The present invention relates to fiber reinforced cement (GRC) wallpanel heat isolated by foam concrete and a method for producing this.  
       2. In terms of related field and present state of the art currently there are 4 types of prefabric wallpanel production methods:  
       3. a) Iron reinforced concrete panel: These panels have an sq/m weight of 400 kg, does not contain heat isolation and because of weight create problems while transportation and mounting.  
       4. b) Heat isolated concrete panel: obtained by putting 5 cm thick hard polystyrene foam sheet among 10 cm thick two panels and comprises same weight and mounting problems.  
       5. c) Sandwich system panel: These panels are obtained by covering all sides of Styropor foam blocks with Fiber reinforced cement. It can provide heat isolation and lightness but it is not possible to mount to concrete tabliers and creates problems as times pass by. For these reasons production is abandoned.  
       6. d) Fiber reinforced cement (GRC) lining plates: They are steel carcassed plates that have 12 mm section thickness and used to cover general columns, present walls and to provide forms on surface. Heat isolation is done by placing isolation plates behind them after mounting.  
       7. e) Since there is strict rigidity in all types of these panels they do not have any movement freedom against building straps and building movements.  
       8. In view of the above mentioned present state of the art, subject of this application is the solution of the known problems.  
       9. Panels produced according to the present state of the art have a panel thickness of 20-25 cm in order to prevent cracks and breaking of iron mounting in the panel. In this case sq/m weight of the panel is about 400-450 kg. And this causes problems in transporting and mounting of large scale panels, also brings huge loads over building stude frame concrete. In our invention panel thickness does not exceed 10-15 cm and panel weight is about 90-100 kg. This enables easy transportation and mounting of the panel, weight load to building concrete decreases to minimum and amount of iron used in building stude frame concrete is decreased.  
       10. In the panels produced according to the present state of the art there is a need for further heat isolation and this requires various isolation materials and a further process, labor use and extra cost.  
       11. In our invention since cellular structure and air spaces in foam concrete function as an isolation material there is no need for further heat isolation process. Second advantage of heat isolation with foamconcrete is that since it is possible to produce concrete with requested densities while forming foam concrete, depending on the heat values of the area that the panel is to be used, panels having various isolation values of Lambda values 0.065 to 0.500 and K values 0.29 to 3.33.  
       12. Panels produced according to the present state of the art can not contain forms other than some basic shapes, because iron reinforced concrete technology itself does not allow it. In our invention since GRC is a material that can be molded in any form, every kind of architectural design form can be given to the panels.  
       13. Panels produced according to the present state of the art are heavy and rigid panels. The don&#39;t have the freedom of movement apart from building and the ability to accommodate to the movements such as building movements, ground movements and straps. Thus there are cracks and openings in joint gaps among the panel in the course of time. In our invention GRC shell which forms the outer side of panel is fixed to the panel steel stude frame with flexible anchorage rods and panel stude frame is fixed to the building tablier with anchorage plates. For this reason when transition of movements of the building to the panel body, flexible anchorage rods bend and the panel is not effected by movements of the building.  
       14. In practice GRC panels can vary depending on the architectural plan and subject of the application is described in more detail by the enclosed drawings which are presented just to explain the invention and have no intention to limit the scope of the invention. They have the following characteristics which form the invention.  
     
    
    
     15.FIG. 1) An outside view of a finished window spaced monoblock panel. On the front view there is shown (A-A) plan section and (B-B) plan section which are going to be shown in next figures.  
     16.FIG. 2) Inner detail view of panel in vertical (A-A) section.  
     17. a—building tabliers  
     18. b—GRC shell  
     19. c—Omega sectioned steel stude frame  
     20. d—Flexible anchorage rods  
     21. e—Pets connecting flexible anchorage rods to GRC shell inner surface  
     22. f—Foam concrete filling  
     23. g—foam concrete equipment straw steel  
     24. h—anchorage plates in four corners of panel from which panel is going to be welded  
     25. i—brace clamp welded to anchorage plate  
     26. i—steel band screwed to building tablier  
     27. k—Joint gap isolation material (Polysulphit)  
     28. m—brace clamp on which the above panel is going to be placed.  
     29.FIG. 3) Inner detail view of panel in (B-B) vertical section:  
     30. a—building tabliers  
     31. b—GRC shell  
     32. c—Omega sectioned steel stude frame  
     33. d—Flexible anchorage rods  
     34. e—Pets connecting flexible anchorage rods to GRC shell inner surface  
     35. f—Foam concrete filling  
     36. g—foam concrete equipment straw steel  
     37. h—anchorage plates in four corners of panel from which panel is going to be welded  
     38. i—brace clamp welded to anchorage plate  
     39. j—steel band screwed to building tablier  
     40. k—Joint gap isolation material (Polysulphit)  
     41. m—brace clamp on which the above panel is going to be placed  
     42.FIG. 4) Section of panels connection section to building tablier.  
     43. a—building tabliers  
     44. b—GRC shell  
     45. c—Omega sectioned steel stude frame  
     46. d—Flexible anchorage rods  
     47. e—Pets connecting flexible anchorage rods to GRC shell inner surface  
     48. f—Foam concrete filling  
     49. g—foam concrete equipment straw steel  
     50. h—anchorage plates in four corners of panel from which panel is going to be welded  
     51. i—brace clamp welded to anchorage plate  
     52. j—steel band screwed to building tablier  
     53. k—Joint gap isolation material (Polysulphit)  
     54. m—brace clamp on which the above panel is going to be placed  
     55.FIG. 5) Flexible anchorage detail  
     56. a—Steel stude frame  
     57. b—Flexible rod  
     58. d—GRC pet  
     59. e—GRC shell  
     60. c—the part which is going to provide flexibilitv by inclinations  
     61.FIG. 6) View of steel stude frame on which there is flexible anchorage rods and anchorage plates on 4 corners:  
     62. c—Omega sectioned steel stude frame  
     63. d—Flexible anchorage rods  
     64. h—steel plates by which stude frame is going to be connected to building tablier.  
    
    
     65. The subject of this application is explained below.  
     66. In GRC panel of the invention obtained by providing a composite product by joining two different elements which have different characteristics and use, advantages are obtained which are formed by joining characteristics of two elements and thus there is obtained novel self heat isolated, light, monoblock prefabric GRC wallpanel.  
     67. In known state of the art Fiber reinforced cement is a type of cement which is formed by alkali resistant glass fiber and has the strength of reinforced cement-sand mortar, can be molded and can be casted in section thickness of 10-12 mm. On the other hand, foam concrete is a type of air foamed concrete that is obtained by foaming a foamer liquid chemical by an air generator and mixing this foam with cement mortar. Because of the air bubbles contained it provides perfect heat isolation, moreover it is light.  
     68. The present invention relates to a self heating isolated light monoblock GRC prefabric wallpanel obtained by joining these two material in a form of a panel and a method for producing this.  
     69. 10-12 mm thick GRC shell is formed (FIG. 2, 3 - b ) by spraying GRC mortar inside steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic (CTP) panel mold prepared according to the requested architectural form. Spraying of GRC mortar is done by concrete pump and spray guns built for this purpose.  
     70. Steel stude frame (FIG. 2, 3 - c ) (FIG. 6) designed to provide wind load, essential weight etc. mechanic characteristics is going to be placed inside the formed GRC shell. On this stude frame there is placed flexible anchorage rods with 50 cm distance from each other. Also there is provided steel anchorage plates (FIG. 2, 3 - h )(FIG. 6- h ) on four corners of steel stude frame which are going to be fixed to steel straps on the building. Thus, it is displaced inside steel stude frame GRC shell (b) which both carries the GRC and also the panel by fixing to building tablier. After this process flexible anchorage rods are padded to steel stude frame by GRC mortar (FIG. 2, 3 , 4 - e )(FIG. 5- e ). One end of these 6-10 mm section thick , 1-15 long flexible anchorage rods are fixed to steel stude frame and the other end is fixed to GRC shell. There is a 6-8 cm free section in between (FIG. 5- c ). This free section on the rod provides the flexibility. When there is a movement in the building and panel these flexible rods bend and prevent the movement from transmitting to the rigid section. As a result this causes the ground movements, building movements and tasmans from being transmitted to the panel.  
     71. After placing flexible anchorage rods (FIG. 6- d ) and steel stude frame (FIG. 6) containing mounting plates (FIG. 6- h ) into GRC shell and after each flexible anchorage rod is padded to GRC shell (FIG. 2, 3 , 4 - e ), a layer of straw steel is placed in order to function as a filling to the foam which will be poured into shell and prevent cracks and openings that may happen there, and is fixed from a few points to the steel stude frame (c). After this stage, panel is formed by putting foam concrete into GRC shell (FIG. 2, 3 , 5 - f ).  
     72. Panel is sent to curing chamber together with its mold, is taken out of the mold after the curing period and sent to construction area where it is going to be mounted.