Patent Publication Number: US-2021185721-A1

Title: Methods to Transmit Multiple Transport Blocks for Unlicensed Wideband Radio Systems

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     New radio (NR) standard in 3GPP is being designed to provide service for multiple use cases such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC), and machine type communication (MTC). Each of these services has different technical requirements. For example, the general requirement for eMBB is high data rate with moderate latency and moderate coverage, while URLLC service requires a low latency and high reliability transmission but perhaps for moderate data rates. 
     Mobile broadband will continue to drive the demands for big overall traffic capacity and huge achievable end-user data rates in the wireless access network. Several scenarios in the future will require data rates of up to 10 Gbps in local areas. These demands for very high system capacity and very high end-user date rates can be met by networks with distances between access nodes ranging from a few meters in indoor deployments up to roughly 50 m in outdoor deployments, i.e. with an infra-structure density considerably higher than the densest networks of today. We refer to such networks as NR systems in the following which is currently studied in 3GPP now. Besides traditional licensed exclusive bands, NR systems are also expected to be operating on unlicensed bands especially for enterprise solutions. This topic will be discussed in 3GPP as a study item from middle 2017. 
     Multiple numerologies are supported in NR. A numerology is defined by sub-carrier spacing and CP overhead. Multiple subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling a basic subcarrier spacing by an integer 2{circumflex over ( )}n. The numerology used can be selected independently of the frequency band although it is assumed not to use a very small subcarrier spacing at very high carrier frequencies. Flexible network and UE channel bandwidth is supported. 
     From RANI specification perspective, maximum channel bandwidth per NR carrier is 400 MHz in Rel-15. Note that all details for channel bandwidth at least up to 100 MHz per NR carrier are to be specified in Rel-15. At least for single numerology case, candidates of the maximum number of subcarriers per NR carrier is 3300 or 6600 in Rel-15 from RANI specification perspective. NR channel designs should consider potential future extension of these parameters in later releases, allowing Rel-15 UE to have access to NR network on the same frequency band in later release 
     A subframe duration is fixed to 1 ms and frame length is 10 ms. Scalable numerology should allow at least from 15 kHz to 480 kHz subcarrier spacing. All numerologies with 15 kHz and larger subcarrier spacing, regardless of CP overhead, align on symbol boundaries every 1 ms in NR carrier. More specifically, for the normal CP family, the following is adopted:
         For subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz*2 n  (n is non-negative integer),   Each symbol length (including CP) of 15 kHz subcarrier spacing equals the sum of the corresponding 2 n  symbols of the scaled subcarrier spacing.   Other than the first OFDM symbol in every 0.5 ms, all OFDM symbols within 0.5 ms have the same size   The first OFDM symbol in 0.5 ms is longer by 16T s  (assuming 15 kHz and FFT size of 2048) compared to other OFDM symbols.   16 T s  is used for CP for the first symbol.   For subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz*2 n  (n is a negative integer)   Each symbol length (including CP) of the subcarrier spacing equals the sum of the corresponding 2 −n  symbols of 15 kHz.       

     Multi-channel UL transmission is provided for eLAA. The baseline for LAA UL multicarrier operation is the extension of the single carrier operation when the eNB schedules PUSCH transmissions on multiple carriers. The LBT type on each carrier is signaled to the UE via corresponding UL grant. 
     Moreover, a UE that has received UL grants on a set of carriers scheduled with Cat. 4 LBT with the same starting point in the subframe on all carriers can switch to a 25 us LBT immediately before transmission on a carrier in the set if Cat. 4 LBT has successfully completed on a designated carrier in the set. The UE must select one carrier uniformly randomly among the carriers which were scheduled with Cat. 4 LBT as the designated carrier prior to starting the Cat. 4 LBT procedure on any of the carriers in the set. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates examples for multi-channel UL transmission in eLAA. Note that different transportation blocks (TB) are generated for each carrier and subframe, as shown in  FIG. 1 , when LBT is successful in multiple channels according to the abovementioned rules. It is clear that guard band is available for each carrier. This is because of LTE limitation, i.e. the maximum bandwidth LTE could support is 20 MHz. 
     With regard to Multi-channel UL transmission for Wi-Fi, unlike eLAA, Wi-Fi (i.e. 802.11n, 802.11ac, etc.) defines new wider channel other than 20 MHz.  FIG. 2  illustrates 20 MHz and 40 MHz channels for 802.11a. As shown in  FIG. 2 , 40 MHz could bring more usable subcarriers than simple aggregation of two 20 MHz. The benefit comes from two aspects: one is guard band decrease and the other is pilot subcarrier overhead savings. So wider channel could bring higher spectrum efficiency. 
     Before transmitting a 40 MHz frame, a station is responsible for ensuring that the entire 40 MHz channel is clear. Clear-channel assessment is performed on the primary channel according to the well-understood rules for transmission on an 802.11 channel. Even if a device intends to transmit a 40 MHz frame, the slot boundaries and timing are based on access to the primary channel only. The secondary channel must be idle during the priority interframe space before it may be used as part of a 40 MHz transmission. In Wi-Fi, UE decide when and how to transmit UL data itself based on LBT results, i.e. 20 MHz and 40 MHz transmission. 
     Similar to NR, it is expected that NR-U will support transmissions with wide bandwidth, e.g., up to several hundreds of MHz bandwidth. However, there could be different radio technologies with different device&#39;s capabilities that simultaneously share the same spectrum. It will be unlikely that a device will sense the channel free over the whole wide bandwidth, especially at high load. Thus, it is beneficial for NR-U to support transmissions with dynamic bandwidth, in which the device can decide which part(s) of the supported bandwidth to use based on its LBT outcome. 
     There are two common approaches for the device to use in wideband transmissions: carrier aggregation (CA) and single carrier wideband transmissions. In CA transmissions (similar to LTE-based LAA), the device performs LBT per component carrier (of, e.g., 20 MHz), then transmit on each free component carrier (CC). In single carrier wideband transmissions, the device performs LBT per LBT bandwidth piece (of 20 MHz) and aggregates resources from each free LBT bandwidth piece in a single physical SCH.  FIG. 3  illustrates an example for the wideband operations using CA and single system carrier wideband of 80 MHz. Different UEs may operate on different maximum bandwidth sizes and transmit with different number of RBs depending on their LBT&#39;s outcomes. 
     Note that separate CORESETs and search spaces need to be configured for different LBT bandwidth pieces to ensure the availability of control signalling when at least one LBT bandwidth piece is available. In the example shown in the right hand side of  FIG. 3 . UE 2  needs to monitor both CORESET 2  and CORESET 3  since the channel may be available only in LBT bandwidth piece  2  or only in LBT bandwidth piece  3 . Similarly, UE 3  shall monitor all four CORESETs to get its PDCCH. Furthermore, it is undesirable to configure a wide CORESET across LBT bandwidth pieces. Either the PDCCH is interleaved across the LBT bandwidth pieces or all PDCCH candidates locate in the unavailable LBT bandwidth pieces when part of the channel is busy. Both results in loss of scheduling opportunities. There is hence no difference between the CA and wide BWP approaches in terms of number of CORESETs and search spaces to monitor by the UE. 
     With regard to NR PDCCH SearchSpace Configuration, PDCCHs are organized as SearchSpaces using the CORESET. The current RRC configuration includes the following:
         controlResourceSetId: reference to the CORESET for the SearchSpace   monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset: Slots for PDCCH Monitoring configured as periodicity and offset.   duration: Number of consecutive slots that a SearchSpace lasts in every occasion, i.e., upon every period as given in the periodicityAndOff set.   monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot: Symbols for PDCCH monitoring in the slots configured for PDCCH monitoring (see monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset). The most significant (left) bit represents the first OFDM in a slot.   nrofCandidates: Number of PDCCH candidates per aggregation level.   searchSpaceType: Indicates whether this is a common search space (present) or a UE specific search space as well as DCI formats to monitor for.       

     In LTE and NR a transport block is segmented into multiple code blocks if the transport block exceeds a certain size. For error detection each code block as well as the transport block have its own CRC. In LTE the HARQ feedback is based on the decoding status of the transport block, i.e. a single HARQ feedback bit is generated per transport block. 
     NR supports this operation mode. In addition, NR also supports code block group (CBG) based HARQ feedback. Here one or multiple code blocks are grouped into a CBG and one HARQ feedback bit is generated for each CBG. This is useful since only a fraction of the transport blocks needs to be retransmitted if only one or few CBG are in error.  FIG. 4  illustrates NR code block group operations. 
     CBG-based feedback can be particular useful for very large transport blocks where a re-transmission of the complete transport block would lead to large overhead if only one or few code blocks are in error. With CBG-based feedback only the code block groups in error can be retransmitted. Another application of CBG-based feedback is preemption where an ongoing transmission is interrupted in favor of a low latency transmission. If the preempting transmission is only of short duration just a few code blocks might be destroyed, favoring again a selective transmission of individual code blocks. 
     After the data is encoded for MIMO transmission, modulation symbols are generated from the encoded data and the modulation symbols are further mapped to the allocated radio resources to form a transmission block (TB). In NR, the modulation symbols to radio resource mapping follows the layer-&gt;frequency-&gt;time order. According to data mapping rule in regular NR, the data mapping is illustrated in if one NR-U carrier spans multiple LBT bandwidth pieces.  FIG. 5  illustrates data mapping following regular NR mapping rule for NR-U with multiple LBT bandwidth pieces. 
     Certain problems exist. For example, as mentioned above, NR will support at least 100 MHz carrier bandwidth according to current agreement. It will be naturally that NR-U will support new wide carrier larger than 20 MHz channel to increase the system capacity. However, Wi-Fi may have a sub-band transmission within a 20 MHz channel and to NR-U systems, one sub-band (20 MHz or more than that) are available from time or time or collision happens in specific channel instead of whole bandwidth of 100 MHz. 
     When one NR-U gNB operating with a whole bandwidth that spans multiple LBT bandwidth pieces (e.g. one LBT bandwidth piece is 20 MHz in 5 GHz band), the gNB shall perform LBT for the scheduled LBT bandwidth pieces. Based on the LBT results, partial of the scheduled bandwidth may be not available due to some other systems are using the unlicensed channels as well. Owing to the nature of un-licensed spectrum, if multiple of radio systems are active in transmissions, such case of partial availability of whole NR-U spectrum has a high likelihood. One straight forward way is to puncture the data in that LBT bandwidth piece where LBT fails. However, when the data in more than one LBT bandwidth pieces is punctured, the receiver will not decode almost any code block in this case so that the whole transmission block should be retransmitted. This is quite inefficient which needs to be solved. 
     SUMMARY 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, methods, systems and techniques for transmitting multiple transport blocks for unlicensed wideband radio systems are provided. 
     According to certain embodiments, a method by a wireless device includes receiving, from a network node, one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces includes at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. The method further includes transmitting the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     According to certain embodiments, a wireless device includes memory operable to store instructions and processing circuitry operable to execute the instructions to cause the wireless device to receive, from a network node, one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces includes at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. The processing circuitry is further operable to execute the instructions to cause the wireless device to transmit the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     According to certain embodiments, a method by a network node includes transmitting, to a wireless device, one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. The method further includes receiving, from the wireless device, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     According to certain embodiments, a network node includes memory operable to store instructions and processing circuitry operable to execute the instructions to cause the network node to transmit, to a wireless device, one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. The processing circuitry is further operable to execute the instructions to cause the network node to receive, from the wireless device, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. For example, one technical advantage may be that certain embodiments enable more efficient data transmission/retransmission when one unlicensed carrier spans multiple LBT bandwidth pieces (20 MHz bandwidth) such as 80 MHz. 
     Other advantages may be readily apparent to one having skill in the art. Certain embodiments may have none, some, or all of the recited advantages. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and their features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates examples for multi-channel UL transmission in eLAA; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates 20 MHz and 40 MHz channels for 802.11a; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example for the wideband operations using CA and single system carrier wideband of 80 MH; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates NR code block group operations; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates data mapping following regular NR mapping rule for NR-U with multiple LBT bandwidth pieces; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment that includes multiple SearchSpaces configured from one CORESET, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an example wireless network, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an example network node, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an example wireless device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 10  illustrate an example user equipment, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a generalized block diagram of a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a method implemented in a communication system, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates another method implemented in a communication system, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates another method implemented in a communication system, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates another method implemented in a communication system, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates an example method by a wireless device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates an exemplary virtual computing device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates another example method by a wireless device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates another exemplary virtual computing device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 22  illustrates an example method by a network node, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates another exemplary virtual computing device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates another example method by a network node, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates another exemplary virtual computing device, according to certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates an example method by a transmitter, according to certain embodiments; and 
         FIG. 27  illustrates another exemplary virtual computing device, according to certain embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description. 
     Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art. 
     In some embodiments, a more general term “network node” may be used and may correspond to any type of radio network node or any network node, which communicates with a UE (directly or via another node) and/or with another network node. Examples of network nodes are NodeB, MeNB, ENB, a network node belonging to MCG or SCG, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), core network node (e.g. MSC, MME, etc), O&amp;M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g. E-SMLC), MDT, test equipment (physical node or software), etc. 
     In some embodiments, the non-limiting term user equipment (UE) or wireless device may be used and may refer to any type of wireless device communicating with a network node and/or with another UE in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, PDA, PAD, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, UE category M1, UE category M2, ProSe UE, V2V UE, V2X UE, etc. 
     Additionally, terminologies such as base station/gNodeB and UE should be considered non-limiting and do in particular not imply a certain hierarchical relation between the two; in general, “gNodeB” could be considered as device  1  and “UE” could be considered as device  2  and these two devices communicate with each other over some radio channel. And in the following the transmitter or receiver could be either gNB, or UE. 
     Although terminology from 3GPP NR has been used in this disclosure to describe certain embodiments, the scope of the invention is not limited to only the abovementioned systems. Other wireless systems may also benefit from exploiting the ideas covered within this disclosure. 
     According to certain embodiments, a method is provided for improving transmission efficiency for NR-U. A NR-U system spans multiple unlicensed channels (20 MHz bandwidth per channel) and part of scheduled channels may not be available or possible to be interfered by transmission collisions. According to a first embodiment, the data scheduled in one bandwidth piece will include complete transport block without TB splitting. According to a second embodiment, each bandwidth piece will include CORESET Without CORESET splitting. 
     In a particular embodiment, the data scheduled in one LBT bandwidth piece will include complete transport block without TB splitting. 
     Certain embodiments described herein may apply to multiple transport blocks in a wideband transmission. For example, according to certain embodiments, a bandwidth part may be composed of multiple bandwidth pieces, where the bandwidth piece corresponds to one or multiple LBT bandwidth unit(s), in a particular embodiment. 
     According to certain embodiments, the data scheduled in one bandwidth piece will include complete one or more transport block(s). This means that each bandwidth piece will include its own transport block(s). the scheduling/control information corresponding to these transport block(s) is also included in the same bandwidth piece. As a non-limiting example, a transport block is allocated per LBT bandwidth unit, in a particular embodiment. As such, as long as a receiver has received from a channel the corresponding TB and its information could be complete for an easy decoding of that TB. 
     According to a particular embodiment, the bandwidth part consists of plurality of transport blocks. 
     According to a particular embodiment, the location and the bandwidth of the bandwidth piece is higher layer configured or indicated in L1 signaling. 
     According to certain embodiments, an UL scheduling grant may include:
         a single grant multiple TBs: a single grant indicates
           Set of HARQ ids   One base HARQ id, where the remaining HARQ ids are derived according a rule from the base HARQ Id. E.g. consecutive order.   
               

     The grant is sent once or repeated on multiple bandwidth pieces.
         a single grant scheduling one TB per bandwidth piece:
           UL Grant may indicate at least, HARQ Id and the bandwidth piece in which the corresponding TB should be sent in the UL.   Alternatively, the bandwidth piece used for the transmission of the scheduled TB is assumed to be the same bandwidth piece in which the grant was received in the DL.   
               

     In current NR specs, UE supports up to 3 CORESETs per BWP. To support very wide BWP available in the unlicensed band (up to 160 MHz or 320 MHz), the current 3 CORESET limit present significant hurdle for NR-U to utilize wide spectrum efficiently. 
     According to certain embodiments, PDCCH search spaces for different LBT bandwidth pieces can be configured by making a frequency domain translation of a CORESET defined for a LBT bandwidth piece.  FIG. 6  illustrates a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment 50 that includes multiple SearchSpaces configured from one CORESET, according to certain embodiments. 
     With reference to  FIG. 6 , the example embodiment 50 may include:
         A CORESET with frequency resources located within LBT bandwidth piece  1 .   PDCCH SearchSpace 1  for LBT bandwidth piece  1  can be configured based on existing NR specs. PDCCH SearchSpace 2 , SearchSpace 3  and SearchSpace 4  for LBT bandwidth pieces  2 ,  3  and  4  requires NR specs changes.
           According to a particular embodiment, PDCCH SearchSpace 2  can be configured for LBT bandwidth piece  2  by adding a new frequency offset field for NR-U SearchSpace in the RRC configuration:
               monitoringFrequencyOffset: frequency offset to move the CORESET to a new frequency location   
               Said frequency offset can be in unit of 6 RB (as is used in definition of CORESET). Said frequency offset can be in unit of RB or RBG size to allow fine tuning of SearchSpace locations.   PDCCH SearchSpace 3  and SearchSpace 4  for LBT bandwidth pieces  3  and  4  can be configured similarly.   
           According to another particular embodiment, PDCCH SearchSpace 1 , SearchSpace 2 , SearchSpace 3  and SearchSpace 4  for LBT bandwidth pieces  1 ,  2 ,  3  and  4  can be configured by a new monitoring LBT bandwidth piece bitmap in the RRC configuration:
           monitoringLBPsWithinBWP: LBT bandwidth pieces for PDCCH monitoring in the BWP configured for PDCCH monitoring. Each bit corresponding to monitoring PDCCH in the corresponding LBT bandwidth pieces   
               

     According to a particular embodiment applicable to wideband transmission with PDCCH repetition, the data scheduled expand the whole bandwidth part as one transport block. However, the corresponding control information, i.e. PDCCH, is repeated in one or more bandwidth pieces. 
     According to a particular embodiment applicable to UL wideband transmission, the data scheduled expand the whole bandwidth part as one transport block, however, control information, i.e. UCI, is repeated in one or more bandwidth piece. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a wireless network, in accordance with some embodiments. Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated in  FIG. 7 . For simplicity, the wireless network of  FIG. 7  only depicts network  106 , network nodes  160  and  160   b , and wireless devices  110 ,  110   b , and  110   c . In practice, a wireless network may further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or end device. Of the illustrated components, network node  160  and wireless device (wireless device)  110  are depicted with additional detail. The wireless network may provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate the wireless devices&#39; access to and/or use of the services provided by, or via, the wireless network. 
     The wireless network may comprise and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio network or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, the wireless network may be configured to operate according to specific standards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particular embodiments of the wireless network may implement communication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards. 
     Network  106  may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices. 
     Network node  160  and wireless device  110  comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together in order to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an example network node  160 , according to certain embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the wireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to the wireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration) in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and may then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Yet further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&amp;M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As another example, a network node may be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodes may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network. 
     In  FIG. 8 , network node  160  includes processing circuitry  170 , device readable medium  180 , interface  190 , auxiliary equipment  184 , power source  186 , power circuitry  187 , and antenna  162 . Although network node  160  illustrated in the example wireless network of  FIG. 8  may represent a device that includes the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise network nodes with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that a network node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Moreover, while the components of network node  160  are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a network node may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device readable medium  180  may comprise multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules). 
     Similarly, network node  160  may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which network node  160  comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB&#39;s. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, network node  160  may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium  180  for the different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna  162  may be shared by the RATs). Network node  160  may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node  160 , such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node  160 . 
     Processing circuitry  170  is configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry  170  may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry  170  by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. 
     Processing circuitry  170  may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node  160  components, such as device readable medium  180 , network node  160  functionality. For example, processing circuitry  170  may execute instructions stored in device readable medium  180  or in memory within processing circuitry  170 . Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry  170  may include a system on a chip (SOC). 
     In some embodiments, processing circuitry  170  may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry  172  and baseband processing circuitry  174 . In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry  172  and baseband processing circuitry  174  may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry  172  and baseband processing circuitry  174  may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units. 
     In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or other such network device may be performed by processing circuitry  170  executing instructions stored on device readable medium  180  or memory within processing circuitry  170 . In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry  170  without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry  170  can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry  170  alone or to other components of network node  160  but are enjoyed by network node  160  as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally. 
     Device readable medium  180  may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry  170 . Device readable medium  180  may store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry  170  and, utilized by network node  160 . Device readable medium  180  may be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry  170  and/or any data received via interface  190 . In some embodiments, processing circuitry  170  and device readable medium  180  may be considered to be integrated. 
     Interface  190  is used in the wired or wireless communication of signalling and/or data between network node  160 , network  106 , and/or wireless devices  110 . As illustrated, interface  190  comprises port(s)/terminal(s)  194  to send and receive data, for example to and from network  106  over a wired connection. Interface  190  also includes radio front end circuitry  192  that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna  162 . Radio front end circuitry  192  comprises filters  198  and amplifiers  196 . Radio front end circuitry  192  may be connected to antenna  162  and processing circuitry  170 . Radio front end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna  162  and processing circuitry  170 . Radio front end circuitry  192  may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or wireless devices via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry  192  may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters  198  and/or amplifiers  196 . The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna  162 . Similarly, when receiving data, antenna  162  may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry  192 . The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry  170 . In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. 
     In certain alternative embodiments, network node  160  may not include separate radio front end circuitry  192 , instead, processing circuitry  170  may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna  162  without separate radio front end circuitry  192 . Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry  172  may be considered a part of interface  190 . In still other embodiments, interface  190  may include one or more ports or terminals  194 , radio front end circuitry  192 , and RF transceiver circuitry  172 , as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface  190  may communicate with baseband processing circuitry  174 , which is part of a digital unit (not shown). 
     Antenna  162  may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna  162  may be coupled to radio front end circuitry  190  and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some embodiments, antenna  162  may comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna may be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna  162  may be separate from network node  160  and may be connectable to network node  160  through an interface or port. 
     Antenna  162 , interface  190 , and/or processing circuitry  170  may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna  162 , interface  190 , and/or processing circuitry  170  may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. 
     Power circuitry  187  may comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node  160  with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry  187  may receive power from power source  186 . Power source  186  and/or power circuitry  187  may be configured to provide power to the various components of network node  160  in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). Power source  186  may either be included in, or external to, power circuitry  187  and/or network node  160 . For example, network node  160  may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry  187 . As a further example, power source  186  may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry  187 . The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used. 
     Alternative embodiments of network node  160  may include additional components beyond those shown in  FIG. 8  that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node&#39;s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, network node  160  may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into network node  160  and to allow output of information from network node  160 . This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for network node  160 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates an example wireless device  110 , according to certain embodiments. As used herein, wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, the term wireless device may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE). Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through air. In some embodiments, a wireless device may be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a wireless device may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network. Examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE). a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc. A wireless device may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a wireless device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another wireless device and/or a network node. The wireless device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the wireless device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a wireless device may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A wireless device as described above may represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a wireless device as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal. 
     As illustrated, wireless device  110  includes antenna  111 , interface  114 , processing circuitry  120 , device readable medium  130 , user interface equipment  132 , auxiliary equipment  134 , power source  136  and power circuitry  137 . wireless device  110  may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by wireless device  110 , such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within wireless device  110 . 
     Antenna  111  may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface  114 . In certain alternative embodiments, antenna  111  may be separate from wireless device  110  and be connectable to wireless device  110  through an interface or port. Antenna  111 , interface  114 , and/or processing circuitry  120  may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a wireless device. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another wireless device. In some embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna  111  may be considered an interface. 
     As illustrated, interface  114  comprises radio front end circuitry  112  and antenna  111 . Radio front end circuitry  112  comprise one or more filters  118  and amplifiers  116 . Radio front end circuitry  114  is connected to antenna  111  and processing circuitry  120  and is configured to condition signals communicated between antenna  111  and processing circuitry  120 . Radio front end circuitry  112  may be coupled to or a part of antenna  111 . In some embodiments, wireless device  110  may not include separate radio front end circuitry  112 ; rather, processing circuitry  120  may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna  111 . Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry  122  may be considered a part of interface  114 . Radio front end circuitry  112  may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or wireless devices via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry  112  may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters  118  and/or amplifiers  116 . The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna  111 . Similarly, when receiving data, antenna  111  may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry  112 . The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry  120 . In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. 
     Processing circuitry  120  may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other wireless device  110  components, such as device readable medium  130 , wireless device  110  functionality. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry  120  may execute instructions stored in device readable medium  130  or in memory within processing circuitry  120  to provide the functionality disclosed herein. 
     As illustrated, processing circuitry  120  includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry  122 , baseband processing circuitry  124 , and application processing circuitry  126 . In other embodiments, the processing circuitry may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry  120  of wireless device  110  may comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry  122 , baseband processing circuitry  124 , and application processing circuitry  126  may be on separate chips or sets of chips. In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry  124  and application processing circuitry  126  may be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry  122  may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry  122  and baseband processing circuitry  124  may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry  126  may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry  122 , baseband processing circuitry  124 , and application processing circuitry  126  may be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry  122  may be a part of interface  114 . RF transceiver circuitry  122  may condition RF signals for processing circuitry  120 . 
     In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by a wireless device may be provided by processing circuitry  120  executing instructions stored on device readable medium  130 , which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry  120  without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry  120  can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry  120  alone or to other components of wireless device  110 , but are enjoyed by wireless device  110  as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally. 
     Processing circuitry  120  may be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a wireless device. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry  120 , may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry  120  by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by wireless device  110 , and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. 
     Device readable medium  130  may be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry  120 . Device readable medium  130  may include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry  120 . In some embodiments, processing circuitry  120  and device readable medium  130  may be considered to be integrated. 
     User interface equipment  132  may provide components that allow for a human user to interact with wireless device  110 . Such interaction may be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment  132  may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the user to provide input to wireless device  110 . The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface equipment  132  installed in wireless device  110 . For example, if wireless device  110  is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touch screen; if wireless device  110  is a smart meter, the interaction may be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected). User interface equipment  132  may include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment  132  is configured to allow input of information into wireless device  110  and is connected to processing circuitry  120  to allow processing circuitry  120  to process the input information. User interface equipment  132  may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment  132  is also configured to allow output of information from wireless device  110 , and to allow processing circuitry  120  to output information from wireless device  110 . User interface equipment  132  may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment  132 , wireless device  110  may communicate with end users and/or the wireless network and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein. 
     Auxiliary equipment  134  is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by wireless devices. This may comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment  134  may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario. 
     Power source  136  may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or power cells, may also be used. wireless device  110  may further comprise power circuitry  137  for delivering power from power source  136  to the various parts of wireless device  110  which need power from power source  136  to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry  137  may in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry  137  may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case wireless device  110  may be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry  137  may also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source  136 . This may be, for example, for the charging of power source  136 . Power circuitry  137  may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from power source  136  to make the power suitable for the respective components of wireless device  110  to which power is supplied. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates one embodiment of a UE in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device. 
     Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter). UE  2200  may be any UE identified by the 3 rd  Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-IoT UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. UE  200 , as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , is one example of a wireless device configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the 3 rd  Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 3GPP&#39;s GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards. As mentioned previously, the term wireless device and UE may be used interchangeable. Accordingly, although  FIG. 10  is a UE, the components discussed herein are equally applicable to a wireless device, and vice-versa. 
     In  FIG. 10 , UE  200  includes processing circuitry  201  that is operatively coupled to input/output interface  205 , radio frequency (RF) interface  209 , network connection interface  211 , memory  215  including random access memory (RAM)  217 , read-only memory (ROM)  219 , and storage medium  221  or the like, communication subsystem  231 , power source  233 , and/or any other component, or any combination thereof. Storage medium  221  includes operating system  223 , application program  225 , and data  227 . In other embodiments, storage medium  221  may include other similar types of information. Certain UEs may utilize all of the components shown in  FIG. 8 , or only a subset of the components. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc. 
     In  FIG. 10 , processing circuitry  201  may be configured to process computer instructions and data. Processing circuitry  201  may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry  201  may include two central processing units (CPUs). Data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer. 
     In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface  205  may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. UE  200  may be configured to use an output device via input/output interface  205 . An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from UE  200 . The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. UE  200  may be configured to use an input device via input/output interface  205  to allow a user to capture information into UE  200 . The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor. 
     In  FIG. 10 , RF interface  209  may be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna. Network connection interface  211  may be configured to provide a communication interface to network  243   a . Network  243   a  may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network  243   a  may comprise a Wi-Fi network. Network connection interface  211  may be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more other devices over a communication network according to one or more communication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or the like. Network connection interface  211  may implement receiver and transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter and receiver functions may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately. 
     RAM  217  may be configured to interface via bus  202  to processing circuitry  201  to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM  219  may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry  201 . For example, ROM  219  may be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. Storage medium  221  may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives. In one example, storage medium  221  may be configured to include operating system  223 , application program  225  such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and data file  227 . Storage medium  221  may store, for use by UE  200 , any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems. 
     Storage medium  221  may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium  221  may allow UE  200  to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in storage medium  221 , which may comprise a device readable medium. 
     In  FIG. 10 , processing circuitry  201  may be configured to communicate with network  243   b  using communication subsystem  231 . Network  243   a  and network  243   b  may be the same network or networks or different network or networks. Communication subsystem  231  may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with network  243   b . For example, communication subsystem  231  may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication such as another wireless device, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN) according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.2, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver may include transmitter  233  and/or receiver  235  to implement transmitter or receiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links (e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, transmitter  233  and receiver  235  of each transceiver may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of communication subsystem  231  may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem  231  may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network  243   b  may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network  243   b  may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network. Power source  213  may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE  200 . 
     The features, benefits and/or functions described herein may be implemented in one of the components of UE  200  or partitioned across multiple components of UE  200 . Further, the features, benefits, and/or functions described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem  231  may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry  201  may be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus  202 . In another example, any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry  201  perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry  201  and communication subsystem  231 . In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware. 
       FIG. 11  is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment  300  in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device or any other type of communication device) or components thereof and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines or containers executing on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks). 
     In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments  300  hosted by one or more of hardware nodes  330 . Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node may be entirely virtualized. 
     The functions may be implemented by one or more applications  320  (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications  320  are run in virtualization environment  300  which provides hardware  330  comprising processing circuitry  360  and memory  390 . Memory  390  contains instructions  395  executable by processing circuitry  360  whereby application  320  is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein. 
     Virtualization environment  300 , comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices  330  comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry  360 , which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device may comprise memory  390 - 1  which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions  395  or software executed by processing circuitry  360 . Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs)  370 , also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface  380 . Each hardware device may also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media  390 - 2  having stored therein software  395  and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry  360 . Software  395  may include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers  350  (also referred to as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines  340  as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. 
     Virtual machines  340 , comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer  350  or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance  320  may be implemented on one or more of virtual machines  340 , and the implementations may be made in different ways. 
     During operation, processing circuitry  360  executes software  395  to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer  350 , which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer  350  may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine  340 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , hardware  330  may be a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware  330  may comprise antenna  3225  and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware  330  may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE)) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration (MANO)  3100 , which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications  320 . 
     Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment. 
     In the context of NFV, virtual machine  340  may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtual machines  340 , and that part of hardware  330  that executes that virtual machine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines  340 , forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE). 
     Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more virtual machines  340  on top of hardware networking infrastructure  330  and corresponds to application  320  in  FIG. 11 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more radio units  3200  that each include one or more transmitters  3220  and one or more receivers  3210  may be coupled to one or more antennas  3225 . Radio units  3200  may communicate directly with hardware nodes  330  via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. 
     In some embodiments, some signaling can be affected with the use of control system  3230  which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware nodes  330  and radio units  3200 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments. 
     With reference to  FIG. 12 , in accordance with an embodiment, a communication system includes telecommunication network  410 , such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises access network  411 , such as a radio access network, and core network  414 . Access network  411  comprises a plurality of base stations  412   a ,  412   b ,  412   c , such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area  413   a ,  413   b ,  413   c . Each base station  412   a ,  412   b ,  412   c  is connectable to core network  414  over a wired or wireless connection  415 . A first UE  491  located in coverage area  413   c  is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station  412   c . A second UE  492  in coverage area  413   a  is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station  412   a . While a plurality of UEs  491 ,  492  are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station  412 . 
     Telecommunication network  410  is itself connected to host computer  430 , which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm. Host computer  430  may be under the ownership or control of a service provider or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections  421  and  422  between telecommunication network  410  and host computer  430  may extend directly from core network  414  to host computer  430  or may go via an optional intermediate network  420 . Intermediate network  420  may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network  420 , if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network  420  may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown). 
     The communication system of  FIG. 12  as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs  491 ,  492  and host computer  430 . The connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection  450 . Host computer  430  and the connected UEs  491 ,  492  are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection  450 , using access network  411 , core network  414 , any intermediate network  420  and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. OTT connection  450  may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which OTT connection  450  passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, base station  412  may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from host computer  430  to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE  491 . Similarly, base station  412  need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE  491  towards the host computer  430 . 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to  FIG. 13 . In communication system  500 , host computer  510  comprises hardware  515  including communication interface  516  configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system  500 . Host computer  510  further comprises processing circuitry  518 , which may have storage and/or processing capabilities. In particular, processing circuitry  518  may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Host computer  510  further comprises software  511 , which is stored in or accessible by host computer  510  and executable by processing circuitry  518 . Software  511  includes host application  512 . Host application  512  may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as UE  530  connecting via OTT connection  550  terminating at UE  530  and host computer  510 . In providing the service to the remote user, host application  512  may provide user data which is transmitted using OTT connection  550 . 
     Communication system  500  further includes base station  520  provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware  525  enabling it to communicate with host computer  510  and with UE  530 . Hardware  525  may include communication interface  526  for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system  500 , as well as radio interface  527  for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection  570  with UE  530  located in a coverage area (not shown in  FIG. 13 ) served by base station  520 . Communication interface  526  may be configured to facilitate connection  560  to host computer  510 . Connection  560  may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown in  FIG. 13 ) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In the embodiment shown, hardware  525  of base station  520  further includes processing circuitry  528 , which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Base station  520  further has software  521  stored internally or accessible via an external connection. 
     Communication system  500  further includes UE  530  already referred to. Its hardware  535  may include radio interface  537  configured to set up and maintain wireless connection  570  with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE  530  is currently located. Hardware  535  of UE  530  further includes processing circuitry  538 , which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. UE  530  further comprises software  531 , which is stored in or accessible by UE  530  and executable by processing circuitry  538 . Software  531  includes client application  532 . Client application  532  may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE  530 , with the support of host computer  510 . In host computer  510 , an executing host application  512  may communicate with the executing client application  532  via OTT connection  550  terminating at UE  530  and host computer  510 . In providing the service to the user, client application  532  may receive request data from host application  512  and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection  550  may transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application  532  may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides. 
     It is noted that host computer  510 , base station  520  and UE  530  illustrated in  FIG. 13  may be similar or identical to host computer  430 , one of base stations  412   a ,  412   b ,  412   c  and one of UEs  491 ,  492  of  FIG. 12 , respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in  FIG. 13  and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of  FIG. 12 . 
     In  FIG. 13 , OTT connection  550  has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between host computer  510  and UE  530  via base station  520 , without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. Network infrastructure may determine the routing, which it may be configured to hide from UE  530  or from the service provider operating host computer  510 , or both. While OTT connection  550  is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network). 
     Wireless connection  570  between UE  530  and base station  520  is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE  530  using OTT connection  550 , in which wireless connection  570  forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the data rate, latency, and/or power consumption and thereby provide benefits such as reduced user waiting time, relaxed restriction on file size, better responsiveness, and/or extended battery lifetime. 
     A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection  550  between host computer  510  and UE  530 , in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection  550  may be implemented in software  511  and hardware  515  of host computer  510  or in software  531  and hardware  535  of UE  530 , or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection  550  passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software  511 ,  531  may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection  550  may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station  520 , and it may be unknown or imperceptible to base station  520 . Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer  510 &#39;s measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that software  511  and  531  causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection  550  while it monitors propagation times, errors etc. 
       FIG. 14  is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to  FIG. 14  will be included in this section. In step  610 , the host computer provides user data. In substep  611  (which may be optional) of step  610 , the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step  620 , the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step  630  (which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step  640  (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer. 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to  FIG. 15  will be included in this section. In step  710  of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step  720 , the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step  730  (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission. 
       FIG. 16  is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to  FIG. 16  will be included in this section. In step  810  (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step  820 , the UE provides user data. In substep  821  (which may be optional) of step  820 , the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In substep  811  (which may be optional) of step  810 , the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiates, in substep  830  (which may be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step  840  of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. 
       FIG. 17  is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to  FIG. 17  will be included in this section. In step  910  (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step  920  (which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step  930  (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station. 
       FIG. 18  depicts a method by a wireless device, according to certain embodiments. At step  1002 , the wireless device receives, from a network node, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. At step  1004 , the wireless device transmits the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a virtual apparatus  1100  in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in  FIG. 7 ). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device  110  or network node  160  shown in  FIG. 7 ). Apparatus  1100  is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to  FIG. 18  and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of  FIG. 18  is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus  1100 . At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities. 
     Virtual Apparatus  1100  may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause receiving module  1110 , transmitting module  1120 , and any other suitable units of apparatus  1100  to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     According to certain embodiments, receiving module  1110  may perform certain of the receiving functions of the apparatus  1100 . For example, receiving module  1110  may receive, from a network node, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. 
     According to certain embodiments, transmitting module  1120  may perform certain of the transmitting functions of the apparatus  1100 . For example, transmitting module  1120  may transmit the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein. 
       FIG. 20  depicts a method by a wireless device  110 , according to certain embodiments. At step  1202 , the wireless device  110  receives, from a network node  160 , one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces includes at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. At step  1204 , the wireless device  110  transmits the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     In a particular embodiment, the at least one complete transport block is allocated per LBT bandwidth unit. 
     In a particular embodiment, each of the one or more bandwidth pieces corresponds to one or multiple bandwidth units. 
     In a particular embodiment, wireless device  110  decodes the data scheduled in the one of the one or more bandwidth pieces based on the control information in the at least one complete transport block. 
     In a particular embodiment, wireless device  110  receives an uplink grant scheduling a plurality of transport blocks. In a further particular embodiment, the plurality of transport blocks comprises the at least one complete transport block. In a further particular embodiment, the uplink grant comprises a set of HARQ identifiers. In a further particular embodiment, the uplink grant comprises a first HARQ identifier and the method further includes deriving at least one additional HARQ identifier based on the first HARQ identifier. 
     In a particular embodiment, wireless device  110  receives an uplink grant scheduling one transport block per bandwidth piece. In a further particular embodiment, the uplink grant comprises a HARQ identifier and a bandwidth piece in which a particular transport block should be transmitted on an uplink. In a further particular embodiment, the wireless device  110  transmits the particular transport block on the uplink. In a further particular embodiment, the wireless device determines that the bandwidth piece in which the uplink grant was received corresponds to the bandwidth piece used for the transmission of the scheduled transmission block. 
     In a particular embodiment, the wireless device  110  monitors at least one search space for each of the one or more bandwidth pieces. 
     In a particular embodiment, the wireless device  110  determines the at least one search space based on a frequency offset for moving a CORESET associated with the one or more bandwidth pieces to a new location. In a further particular embodiment, the wireless device  110  receives a LBT bandwidth piece bitmap from the network node. Each bit in the LBT bandwidth piece bitmap corresponds to one of the one or more bandwidth pieces, and when monitoring the at least one search space for each of the one or more bandwidth pieces, wireless device  110  performs physical downlink control channel monitoring in the one of more bandwidth pieces based on the LBT bandwidth piece bitmap. 
     In a particular embodiment, wireless device  110  applies the control information for the one or more bandwidth pieces. In a further particular embodiment, when applying the control information, wireless device  110  repeatedly applies the control information for each of the one or more bandwidth pieces. 
     In a particular embodiment, wireless device  110  transmits, by the wireless device  110 , control information on the one or more bandwidth pieces. 
       FIG. 21  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a virtual apparatus  1300  in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in  FIG. 7 ). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device  110  or network node  160  shown in  FIG. 7 ). Apparatus  1300  is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to  FIG. 20  and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of  FIG. 20  is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus  1300 . At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities. 
     Virtual Apparatus  1300  may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause receiving module  1310 , transmitting module  1320 , and any other suitable units of apparatus  1300  to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     According to certain embodiments, receiving module  1310  may perform certain of the receiving functions of the apparatus  1300 . For example, receiving module  1310  may receive, from a network node  160 , one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces includes at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. 
     According to certain embodiments, transmitting module  1320  may perform certain of the transmitting functions of the apparatus  1300 . For example, transmitting module  1320  may transmit the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein. 
       FIG. 22  depicts a method by a network node, according to certain embodiments. At step  1402 , the network node transmits, to a wireless device, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. At step  1404 , the network node receives, from the wireless device, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a virtual apparatus  1500  in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in  FIG. 7 ). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device  110  or network node  160  shown in  FIG. 7 ). Apparatus  1500  is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to  FIG. 22  and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of  FIG. 22  is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus  1500 . At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities. 
     Virtual Apparatus  1500  may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause transmitting module  1510 , receiving module  1520 , and any other suitable units of apparatus  1500  to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     According to certain embodiments, transmitting module  1510  may perform certain of the transmitting functions of the apparatus  1500 . For example, transmitting module  1510  may transmit, to a wireless device, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. 
     According to certain embodiments, receiving module  1520  may perform certain of the receiving functions of the apparatus  1500 . For example, receiving module  1520  may receive the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein. 
       FIG. 24  depicts a method by a network node  160 , according to certain embodiments. At step  1602 , the network node transmits, to a wireless device  110 , one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. At step  1604 , network node  116  receives, from the wireless device  110 , the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     In a particular embodiment, the at least one complete transport block is allocated per LBT bandwidth unit. 
     In a particular embodiment, each of the one or more bandwidth pieces corresponds to one or multiple bandwidth units. 
     In a particular embodiment, network node  160  transmits an uplink grant scheduling a plurality of transport blocks. In a further particular embodiment, the plurality of transport blocks comprises the at least one complete transport block. In a further particular embodiment, the uplink grant comprises a set of HARQ identifiers. In a further particular embodiment, the uplink grant comprises a first HARQ identifier from which at least one additional HARQ identifier is derived. 
     In a particular embodiment, network node  160  transmits, to the wireless device  110 , an uplink grant scheduling one transport block per bandwidth piece. 
     In a particular embodiment, the uplink grant comprises a HARQ identifier and a bandwidth piece in which a particular transport block should be transmitted on an uplink. 
     In a particular embodiment, the bandwidth piece in which the uplink grant is transmitted corresponds to the bandwidth piece used for the transmission of the scheduled transmission block. 
     In a particular embodiment, network node  160  configures the wireless device  110  to monitor at least one search space for each of the one or more bandwidth pieces. In a further particular embodiment, the at least one search space is determined based on a frequency offset for moving a CORESET associated with the one or more bandwidth pieces to a new location. 
     In a particular embodiment, transmitting, to the wireless device, a listen-before-talk, LBT, bandwidth piece bitmap, wherein each bit in the LBT bandwidth piece bitmap corresponds to one of the one or more bandwidth pieces, and wherein configuring the wireless device to monitor the at least one search space for each of the one or more bandwidth pieces comprises configuring the wireless device to perform physical downlink control channel monitoring in the one of more bandwidth pieces based on the LBT bandwidth piece bitmap. 
     In a particular embodiment, network node  160  configures the wireless device  110  to apply the control information for the one or more bandwidth pieces. In a further particular embodiment, network node  160  configures the wireless device  110  to repeatedly apply the control information for each of the one or more bandwidth pieces. 
     In a particular embodiment, network node  160  receives, from the wireless device  110 , control information on the one or more bandwidth pieces. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a virtual apparatus  1700  in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in  FIG. 7 ). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device  110  or network node  160  shown in  FIG. 7 ). Apparatus  1500  is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to  FIG. 24  and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of  FIG. 24  is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus  1700 . At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities. 
     Virtual Apparatus  1700  may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause transmitting module  1710 , receiving module  1720 , and any other suitable units of apparatus  1700  to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     According to certain embodiments, transmitting module  1710  may perform certain of the transmitting functions of the apparatus  1700 . For example, transmitting module  1710  may transmit, to a wireless device, one or more bandwidth pieces. The data scheduled in one of the one or more bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block. 
     According to certain embodiments, receiving module  1720  may perform certain of the receiving functions of the apparatus  1700 . For example, receiving module  1720  may receive, from the wireless device  110 , the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein. 
       FIG. 26  depicts a method  1800  by a transmitter, according to certain embodiments. At step  1802 , the transmitter obtains a CORESET defined for a particular listen-before-talk (LBT) bandwidth piece. At step  1804 , the transmitter determines a PDCCH search space for at least one additional LBT bandwidth piece based on the CORESET defined for the particular LBT bandwidth piece. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates a schematic block diagram of a virtual apparatus  1900  in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in  FIG. 7 ). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device  110  or network node  160  shown in  FIG. 7 ). Apparatus  1900  is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to  FIG. 26  and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of  FIG. 26  is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus  1900 . At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities. 
     Virtual Apparatus  1900  may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause obtaining module  1910 , determining module  1920 , and any other suitable units of apparatus  1900  to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     According to certain embodiments, obtaining module  1910  may perform certain of the obtaining functions of the apparatus  1900 . For example, obtaining module  1910  may obtains a CORESET defined for a particular listen-before-talk (LBT) bandwidth piece. 
     According to certain embodiments, determining module  1920  may perform certain of the determining functions of the apparatus  1900 . For example, determining module  1920  may determine a PDCCH search space for at least one additional LBT bandwidth piece based on the CORESET defined for the particular LBT bandwidth piece. 
     The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein. 
     EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1 
     A method by a wireless device comprising: 
     receiving, from a network node, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     transmitting the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 2 
     The method of embodiment 1, wherein the at least one complete transport block is allocated per listen-before-talk (LBT) bandwidth unit. 
     Embodiment 3 
     The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 2, wherein each of the plurality of bandwidth pieces corresponds to one or multiple bandwidth units. 
     Embodiment 4 
     The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, further comprising decoding the data scheduled in the one of the bandwidth pieces based on the scheduling or control information in the at least one complete transport block. 
     Embodiment 5 
     The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, further comprising: receiving an uplink grant scheduling a plurality of transport blocks. 
     Embodiment 6 
     The method of embodiment 5, wherein the plurality of transport blocks comprises the at least one complete transport block. 
     Embodiment 7 
     The method of any one of embodiments 5 to 6, wherein the uplink grant comprises a set of hybrid automat repeat request (HARQ) identifiers. 
     Embodiment 8 
     The method of any one of embodiments 5 to 6, wherein the uplink grant comprises a first HARQ identifier and the method further comprises: deriving at least one additional HARQ identifier based on the first HARQ identifier. 
     Embodiment 9 
     The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, further comprising: receiving an uplink grant scheduling one transport block per bandwidth piece. 
     Embodiment 10 
     The method of embodiment 9, wherein the uplink grant comprises a HARQ identifier and a bandwidth piece in which a particular transport block should be transmitted on an uplink. 
     Embodiment 11 
     The method of embodiment 10, further comprising: transmitting the particular transport block on the uplink. 
     Embodiment 12 
     The method of embodiment 9, further comprising determining that the bandwidth piece in which the uplink grant was received corresponds to the bandwidth piece used for the transmission of the scheduled transmission block. 
     Embodiment 13 
     A computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of embodiments 1 to 12. 
     Embodiment 14 
     A computer program product comprising computer program, the computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of embodiments 1 to 12. 
     Embodiment 15 
     A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer perform any of the methods of embodiments 1 to 12. 
     Embodiment 16 
     A wireless device comprising:
         memory operable to store instructions; and   processing circuitry operable to execute the instructions to cause the wireless device to perform any of embodiments 1 to 12.       

     Embodiment 17 
     A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
         at the host computer, providing user data; and   at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the UE       

     receives a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     transmits the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 18 
     The method of embodiment 17, further comprising:
         at the UE, receiving the user data from the base station.       

     Embodiment 19 
     The method of any of embodiments 1 to 12, further comprising: 
     providing user data; and 
     forwarding the user data to a host computer via the transmission to the base station. 
     Embodiment 20 
     A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: 
     at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, wherein the UE 
     receives a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     transmits the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 21 
     The method of embodiment 18, further comprising: 
     at the UE, providing the user data to the base station. 
     Embodiment 22 
     The method of embodiment 21, further comprising: 
     at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; and 
     at the host computer, executing a host application associated with the client application. 
     Embodiment 23 
     The method of embodiment 22, further comprising: 
     at the UE, executing a client application; and 
     at the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application, 
     wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data. 
     Embodiment 24 
     A communication system including a host computer comprising:
         processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and   a communication interface configured to forward user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE),   wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE&#39;s processing circuitry configured to       

     receive a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     transmit the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 25 
     The communication system of embodiment 24, further including the UE. 
     Embodiment 26 
     The communication system of embodiment 25, wherein the cellular network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE. 
     Embodiment 27 
     The communication system of embodiment 25 or 26, wherein:
         the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and   the UE&#39;s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.       

     Embodiment 28 
     A communication system including a host computer comprising: 
     a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, 
     wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE&#39;s processing circuitry configured to: 
     receive a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     transmit the data based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 29 
     The communication system of embodiment 28, further including the UE. 
     Embodiment 30 
     The communication system of embodiment 29, further including the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station. 
     Embodiment 31 
     The communication system of embodiments 29 or 30, wherein: 
     the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and 
     the UE&#39;s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data. 
     Embodiment 32 
     The communication system of embodiments 30 or 31, wherein: 
     the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing request data; and 
     the UE&#39;s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data in response to the request data. 
     Embodiment 33 
     A method in a network node comprising: 
     transmitting, to a wireless device, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     receiving, from the wireless device, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 34 
     The method of embodiment 33, wherein the at least one complete transport block is allocated per listen-before-talk (LBT) bandwidth unit. 
     Embodiment 35 
     The method of any one of embodiments 33 to 34, wherein each of the plurality of bandwidth pieces corresponds to one or multiple bandwidth units. 
     Embodiment 36 
     The method of any one of embodiments 33 to 35, further comprising:
         transmitting an uplink grant scheduling a plurality of transport blocks.       

     Embodiment 37 
     The method of embodiment 36, wherein the plurality of transport blocks comprises the at least one complete transport block. 
     Embodiment 38 
     The method of any one of embodiments 36 to 37, wherein the uplink grant comprises a set of hybrid automat repeat request (HARQ) identifiers. 
     Embodiment 39 
     The method of any one of embodiments 36 to 37, wherein the uplink grant comprises a first HARQ identifier from which at least one additional HARQ identifier is derived. 
     Embodiment 40 
     The method of any one of embodiments 33 to 39, further comprising:
         receiving an uplink grant scheduling one transport block per bandwidth piece.       

     Embodiment 41 
     The method of embodiment 40, wherein the uplink grant comprises a HARQ identifier and a bandwidth piece in which a particular transport block should be transmitted on an uplink. 
     Embodiment 42 
     The method of embodiment 41, wherein the bandwidth piece in which the uplink grant is received corresponds to the bandwidth piece used for the transmission of the scheduled transmission block. 
     Embodiment 43 
     A computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of embodiments 33 to 42. 
     Embodiment 44 
     A computer program product comprising computer program, the computer program comprising instructions which when executed on a computer perform any of the methods of embodiments 33 to 42. 
     Embodiment 45 
     A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer perform any of the methods of embodiments 33 to 42. 
     Embodiment 46 
     A network node comprising:
         memory operable to store instructions; and   processing circuitry operable to execute the instructions to cause the wireless device to perform any of embodiments 33 to 42.       

     Embodiment 47 
     A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
         at the host computer, providing user data; and   at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the base station performs       

     transmit, to the UE, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     receive, from the UE, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 48 
     The method of embodiment 47, further comprising:
         at the base station, transmitting the user data.       

     Embodiment 49 
     The method of embodiment 48, wherein the user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, the method further comprising:
         at the UE, executing a client application associated with the host application.       

     Embodiment 50 
     A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: 
     at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the UE, wherein the base station 
     transmits, to the UE, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     receives, from the UE, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 51 
     The method of embodiment 50, further comprising: 
     at the base station, receiving the user data from the UE. 
     Embodiment 52 
     The method of embodiment 51, further comprising: 
     at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received user data to the host computer. 
     Embodiment 53 
     A communication system including a host computer comprising:
         processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and   a communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE),   wherein the cellular network comprises a base station having a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station&#39;s processing circuitry configured to:       

     transmit, to the UE, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     receive, from the UE, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 54 
     The communication system of embodiment 53, further including the base station. 
     Embodiment 55 
     The communication system of embodiment 54, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station. 
     Embodiment 56 
     The communication system of embodiment 55, wherein: 
     the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and 
     the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application. 
     Embodiment 57 
     A communication system including a host computer comprising a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station&#39;s processing circuitry configured to 
     transmit, to the UE, a plurality of bandwidth pieces, wherein data scheduled in one of the bandwidth pieces comprises at least one complete transport block and scheduling or control information corresponding to the at least one complete transport block; and 
     receive, from the UE, the data transmitted based on the scheduling or control information. 
     Embodiment 58 
     The communication system of embodiment 5, further including the base station. 
     Embodiment 59 
     The communication system of embodiment 58, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station. 
     Embodiment 60 
     The communication system of embodiment 59, wherein: 
     the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; 
     the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be received by the host computer. 
     Embodiment 61 
     A method by a transmitter comprising: 
     obtaining a CORESET defined for a particular listen-before-talk (LBT) bandwidth piece 
     determining a PDCCH search space for at least one additional LBT bandwidth piece based on the CORESET defined for the particular LBT bandwidth piece. 
     Embodiment 62 
     The method of claim  61  wherein the CORESET comprises frequency resources located within the particular LBT bandwidth piece. 
     Embodiment 63 
     The method of any one of claims  61  to  62 , wherein the PDCCH search space for the at least one additional LBT bandwidth piece is determined by a new frequency offset field for NR-U search space in an RRC configuration. 
     Embodiment 64 
     The method of claim  63  further comprising:
         monitoring the frequency offset to mover the CORESET to a new frequency location.       

     Embodiment 65 
     The method of claims  63  to  64 , wherein the frequency offset is in units of resource blocks or a resource block group size. 
     Abbreviations 
     At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations, preference should be given to how it is used above. If listed multiple times below, the first listing should be preferred over any subsequent listing(s).
         1×RTT CDMA2000 1× Radio Transmission Technology   3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project   5G 5th Generation   5GS 5G System   5QI 5G QoS Identifier   ABS Almost Blank Subframe   AN Access Network   AN Access Node   ARQ Automatic Repeat Request   AS Access Stratum   AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise   BCCH Broadcast Control Channel   BCH Broadcast Channel   CA Carrier Aggregation   CC Carrier Component   CCCH SDU Common Control Channel SDU   CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access   CGI Cell Global Identifier   CIR Channel Impulse Response   CN Core Network   CP Cyclic Prefix   CPICH Common Pilot Channel   CPICH Ec/No CPICH Received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band   CQI Channel Quality information   C-RNTI Cell RNTI   CSI Channel State Information   DCCH Dedicated Control Channel   DL Downlink   DM Demodulation   DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal   DRX Discontinuous Reception   DTX Discontinuous Transmission   DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel   DUT Device Under Test   E-CID Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method)   E-SMLC Evolved-Serving Mobile Location Centre   ECGI Evolved CGI   eMBB Enhanced Mobile BroadBand   eNB E-UTRAN NodeB   ePDCCH enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel   EPS Evolved Packet System   E-SMLC evolved Serving Mobile Location Center   E-UTRA Evolved UTRA   E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network   FDD Frequency Division Duplex   FFS For Further Study   GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network   gNB gNode B (a base station in NR; a Node B supporting NR and connectivity to NGC)   GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System   GSM Global System for Mobile communication   HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request   HO Handover   HSPA High Speed Packet Access   HRPD High Rate Packet Data   LOS Line of Sight   LPP LTE Positioning Protocol   LTE Long-Term Evolution   MAC Medium Access Control   MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services   MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network   MBSFN ABS MBSFN Almost Blank Subframe   MDT Minimization of Drive Tests   MIB Master Information Block   MME Mobility Management Entity   MSC Mobile Switching Center   NGC Next Generation Core   NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel   NR New Radio   OCNG OFDMA Channel Noise Generator   OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing   OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access   OSS Operations Support System   OTDOA Observed Time Difference of Arrival   O&amp;M Operation and Maintenance   PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel   P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel   PCell Primary Cell   PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel   PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel   PDP Profile Delay Profile   PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel   PGW Packet Gateway   PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel   PLMN Public Land Mobile Network   PMI Precoder Matrix Indicator   PRACH Physical Random Access Channel   PRS Positioning Reference Signal   PS Packet Switched   PSS Primary Synchronization Signal   PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel   PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel   RACH Random Access Channel   QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation   RAB Radio Access Bearer   RAN Radio Access Network   RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part   RAT Radio Access Technology   RLM Radio Link Management   RNC Radio Network Controller   RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier   RRC Radio Resource Control   RRM Radio Resource Management   RS Reference Signal   RSCP Received Signal Code Power   RSRP Reference Symbol Received Power OR Reference Signal Received Power   RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality OR Reference Symbol Received Quality   RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator   RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference   RWR Release with Redirect   SCH Synchronization Channel   SCell Secondary Cell   SCS Subcarrier Spacing   SDU Service Data Unit   SFN System Frame Number   SGW Serving Gateway   SI System Information   SIB System Information Block   SNR Signal to Noise Ratio   S-NSSAI Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information   SON Self Optimized Network   SS Synchronization Signal   SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal   TBS Transport Block Size   TDD Time Division Duplex   TDOA Time Difference of Arrival   TOA Time of Arrival   TSS Tertiary Synchronization Signal   TTI Transmission Time Interval   UE User Equipment   UL Uplink   UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System   USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module   UTDOA Uplink Time Difference of Arrival   UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access   UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network   WCDMA Wide CDMA   WLAN Wide Local Area Network