Patent Publication Number: US-8525678-B2

Title: Behavior monitoring system and behavior monitoring method

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a behavior or monitoring system and a behavior monitoring method. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In a business corporation and the like, there is a case that in order to protect secret information, persons are classified into: persons who are permitted in advance to treat the secret information (persons permitted to treat information); and persons who are not permitted in advance to treat the secret information (persons dispermitted to treat information). In this case, the persons dispermitted to treat information are prohibited to enter a room or the like in which the secret information is treated, or the persons dispermitted to treat information are prohibited to approach a rack in which the secret information is stored. 
     Also, in order to secure safety in a room or an area, there is a case that persons are classified into: persons who are permitted in advance to enter a specific room or area (persons permitted to enter); and persons who are not permitted in advance to enter the specific room or area (persons dispermitted to enter). This case is designed such that, as an entry restriction, whether or not a person is a person permitted to enter is judged based on an IC card, a biometrics authentication or the like, and the person cannot enter the specific room or area when the person is not the person permitted to enter. However, the entry restriction can be applied only to a place in which the specific room or area is surrounded with walls or the like, and the entry can be restricted by a door or the like. 
     For example, also as for the persons dispermitted to treat information, a case can be demanded that the persons are permitted to enter a room but prohibited to enter a specific area in the room, in which secret information is stored. In this case, the specific area is not separated with walls or the like. 
     As techniques to detect an invasion (entry) to a specific area or a departure (exit) from the specific area even when there is no wall or the like on the boundary of the specific area as mentioned above, there are an area monitoring system described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2004-328018A) and a safety confirmation system described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2006-350869A). In the technique described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2004-328018A) and the technique described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2006-350869A), by making a to-be-monitored person carry a portable terminal having a function to detect position information, such as GPS, the position of the to-be-monitored person is grasped. Then, the invasion to the specific area is detected based on the position of the to-be-monitored person. 
     Also, as another technique, there is a security system described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-A-Showa 62-245399). In this technique, a person who is permitted to enter a security area (a person permitted to enter) is made to carry an IC card, it is judged whether or not the person is the person permitted to enter when the entry of the person to the security area is detected, and an alarm is produced when the person is not the person permitted to enter. 
     Also, there is a case that persons are permitted to enter different areas depending on the persons. As a technique for such case, there is a security system described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2005-196690A). In this technique, a person is specified by using an IC card carried by the person, and whether or not the person is the person permitted to enter is judged based on an authority of the person when the entry of the person to a security area is detected. 
     Also, there is a case that a specific behavior is prohibited. As a technique for such case, there is a behavioral pattern identifying apparatus described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2004-328622A). In this technique, change in position information of an object in a monitored area is analyzed, and a behavioral pattern is identified as a normal pattern or nor by statistically processing the behavioral pattern. 
     As the foregoing technique, there is a suspicious person notification system described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2006-120084A). In this technique, whether a visitor is a resident or non-resident is judged based on face authentication, and a behavior of the visitor is analyzed. Here, whether the behavior is a suspicious behavior or not is judged based on whether the behavior satisfies a suspicious behavior condition. An alarm is produced when the non-resident behaves suspiciously. 
     Also, as another technique, there is an outsider monitoring system described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2007-141184A). In this technique, an identification to which a wireless IC tag is attached is delivered to an outsider who is permitted to enter (outsider permitted to enter), and a plurality of card communication devices carry out wireless communications with the wireless IC tag to monitor a behavior and stay time of the outsider. Thus, a travel of the outsider permitted to enter, who enters a building, is monitored, and when the outsider satisfies a predetermined condition, the outsider is regarded to be behaving suspiciously, images of the outsider are took by a camera in the vicinity and the outsider is notified to a security guard. 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     The techniques described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2004-328018A), Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2006-350869A), Japanese Patent Publication (JP-A-Showa 62-24539) and Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2005-196690A) are designed to detect only an entry to or exit from a specific area. For this reason, although entering and exiting behaviors can be monitored, specific prohibited behaviors cannot be monitored. Here, as the specific prohibited behaviors, there are a case that, although an entry to a room is permitted, it is prohibited to approach to a place (for example, a fence) in the room, in which secret information is stored, and a case that, although a short stay in a specific place is permitted, a long stay is prohibited, and the like. 
     In the technique described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2004-328622A), a behavioral pattern is identified as a normal pattern or nor by statistically processing the behavioral pattern. For this reason, the technique cannot cope with a case that a behavior as a to-be-monitored object is different from person to person. Thus, the technique cannot cope with a case that a specific prohibited behavior is different from person to person. Also, in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2006-120084A), although there is a description that a behavior of a visitor is analyzed to judge whether or not the behavior satisfies a suspicious behavior condition, there is no concrete description about the suspicious behavior condition. Moreover, in the technique described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2006-120084A), only monitored are whether the behavior is a normal pattern or not and whether the behavior satisfies the suspicious behavior condition. For this reason, the technique cannot cope with a case that a behavior to be monitored is different from person to person. Thus, the technique cannot cope with a case that a specific prohibited behavior is different from person to person. 
     Also, in the technique described in Japanese Patent Publication (JP-P2007-141184A), whether or not an outsider behaves suspiciously can be judged based on a judgment condition corresponding to a purpose of visit of the outsider. However, this technique cannot monitor a person who is dispermitted to enter, namely, an invader who does not carry identification. 
     Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a behavior monitoring system and a behavior monitoring method that can produce an alarm for a specific prohibited behavior which is different depending on a to-be-monitored object. 
     A behavior monitoring system according to the present invention includes storage means, entry monitoring means, behavior monitoring means and behavior judging means. The storage means store a plurality of identification information respectively identifying a plurality of to-be-monitored objects and a plurality of prohibited behavior conditions indicating behaviors respectively prohibited to the plurality of to-be-monitored objects in an area. The entry monitoring means monitor as specific to-be-monitored objects, to-be-monitored objects which enter the area, and judge whether or not specific identification information identifying the specific to-be-monitored objects exists in the plurality of identification information stored in the storage means. When identification information coincident with the specific identification information exists in the plurality of identification information, the behavior monitoring means monitor based on the specific identification information, the specific to-be-monitored objects which behave in the area, and generate behavior information indicating behaviors of the specific to-be-monitored objects. The behavior judging means select specific prohibited behavior conditions corresponding to the specific identification information from the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions stored in the storage means, and produce an alarm when behaviors indicated by the specific prohibited behavior conditions coincide with behaviors indicated by the behavior information. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The above-mentioned object, advantages and features of the present invention will be more apparent from the descriptions of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a configuration of a behavior monitoring system according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a concrete example of the behavior monitoring system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  shows a database  20  of the behavior monitoring systems according to the first to third exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an image-taking operation as an operation of the behavior monitoring systems according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing a monitoring operation as an operation of the behavior monitoring systems according to the first to third exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows a concrete example of the behavior monitoring system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  shows a concrete example of the behavior monitoring system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  shows a concrete example of the behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  shows a database  20  of the behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart showing a monitoring operation as an operation of the behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 22  illustrates operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     A behavior monitoring system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the attached drawings. 
     First Exemplary Embodiment 
       FIG. 1  shows a configuration of a behavior monitoring system according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The behavior monitoring system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention contains a computer  10 , an entry monitoring device  30 , a monitoring camera  40  and an alarming device  50 . The computer  10  is connected to the entry monitoring device  30 , the monitoring camera  40  and the alarming device  50 . 
     The computer  10  contains an executing unit  11  as a CPU and a storage device  12  as a recording medium. The storage device  12  stores a computer program  13  to be executed by the computer  10 . At a startup or the like, the executing unit  11  reads the computer program  13  from the storage device  12  and executes the computer program  13 . The computer program  13  includes a monitoring camera control unit (monitoring camera control means)  14 , an entry monitoring unit (entry monitoring unit)  15 , a behavior monitoring unit (behavior monitoring means)  16  and a behavior judging unit (behavior judging means)  17 . The storage device  12  contains a database  20  serving as a storage unit (storage means). 
     The database  20  stores: a plurality of identification information respectively identifying a plurality of to-be-monitored objects; and a plurality of prohibited behavior conditions indicating behaviors that are respectively prohibited to the plurality of to-be-monitored objects in an area. 
     The monitoring camera control unit  14  controls the monitoring camera  40  to take images of the area and generate dynamic image data indicating a dynamic image of the area. 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  controls the entry monitoring device  30 , which will be described later, to monitor a to-be-monitored object, which enters the area, as a specific to-be-monitored object. The entry monitoring unit  15  refers to the database  20  to judge whether or not specific identification information identifying the specific to-be-monitored object exists in the plurality of identification information. 
     When identification information coincident with the specific identification information exists in the plurality of identification information, the behavior monitoring unit  16  monitors based on the specific identification information and the dynamic image data, the specific to-be-monitored object that behaves in the area. The behavior monitoring unit  16  generates behavior information indicating a behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object. 
     The behavior judging unit  17  refers to the database  20  to select from the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions, a specific prohibited behavior condition which corresponds to the specific identification information. When a behavior indicated by the specific prohibited behavior information coincides with a behavior indicated by the behavior information, the behavior judging unit  17  uses the alarming device  50  to produce alarm. 
       FIG. 2  shows a concrete example of the behavior monitoring system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     The foregoing plurality of to-be-monitored objects are referred to as a plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J”, respectively. Each of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” is a person and carries/possesses an IC card  32  serving as a holding unit in which specific information of oneself is held. The entry monitoring device  30  is assumed to be an IC card reader serving as a communication unit. The specific information held in each IC card  32  of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” can be read by the IC card reader  31 . The IC card reader  31  is provided at an entrance of an area  100  in order to monitor the to-be-monitored object that enters the area  100 . The area  100  is assumed to be an office. The holding unit and the communication unit may be an RFID tag and a reader writer, respectively. 
     The monitoring camera  40  is provided in the area  100 . The monitoring camera  40  takes images of the area  100 . 
     The alarming device  50  includes, for example, a display device  51  provided in a guardroom and a speaker  52  provided in the area  100 . 
     The plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” are permitted to enter the area  100 . To-be-monitored objects (outsiders) other than the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” are refused to enter the area  100 . In order to realize this, a gate  33  is provided at the entrance of the area  100 . 
       FIG. 3  shows the database  20 . 
     The foregoing plurality of identification information stored in the database  20  are referred to as a plurality of identification information  21 - 1  to  21 - 10 . The plurality of identification information  21 - 1  to  21 - 10  are identifiers to respectively identify the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J”. The plurality of identification information  21 - 1  to  21 - 10  include: a plurality of specific information  22 - 1  to  22 - 10  indicating the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J”; and a plurality of face image data  23 - 1  to  23 - 10  indicating face images of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J”, respectively. 
     The foregoing plurality of prohibited behavior conditions stored in the database  20  are referred to as a plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10 . The plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  indicate behaviors prohibited to the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” in the area  100 , respectively. 
     Operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention are classified into an image-taking operation and a monitoring operation. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart showing the image-taking operation. 
     The monitoring camera control unit  14  executes a dynamic image data generation process for controlling the monitoring camera  40 . Specifically, the monitoring camera control unit  14  transmits an image-taking start instruction to the monitoring camera  40 , for example, when the startup of the computer  10  is executed. The monitoring camera  40  takes images of the area  100  in response to the image-taking start instruction and generates static image data indicating a static image of the area  100  (Step S 1 ). The monitoring camera control unit  14  transmits an image-taking termination instruction to the monitoring camera  40 , for example, when the startup of the computer  10  is finished. The monitoring camera  40  terminates the image-taking operation in response to the image-taking termination instruction (Step S 2 —YES). The monitoring camera  40  executes the step S 1 , when the monitoring camera  40  does not receive the image-taking termination instruction (Step S 2 —NO). In this way, the monitoring camera  40  generates a plurality of static image data by periodically executes the step S 1 . Consequently, the monitoring camera  40  generates a dynamic image data  41 , which indicates a dynamic image of the area  100 , from the plurality of static image data (refer to  FIG. 2 ). 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing the monitoring operation. 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  controls the IC card reader  31  to execute an entry monitoring process for monitoring a to-be-monitored object, which enters the area  100 , as a specific to-be-monitored object. Specifically, for example, when the startup of the computer  10  is executed, the entry monitoring unit  15  transmits an entry monitoring instruction to the IC card reader  31 . In response to the entry monitoring instruction, the IC card reader  31  communicates with IC cards capable of communication in a predetermined communication area. For example, when the specific to-be-monitored object “A” enters the area  100 , the IC card reader  31  communicates with the IC card  32  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A”. At this time, the IC card reader  31  reads the specific information  22 - 1  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” from the IC card  32  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” (Step S 11 ). 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  refers to the database  20  to judge whether or not the specific information  22 - 1  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” exists in the plurality of specific information  22 - 1  to  22 - 10  (Step S 12 ). 
     Here, specific information coincident with the specific information  22 - 1  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” exists in the plurality of specific information  22 - 1  to  22 - 10  (Step S 12 —YES). In this case, the behavior monitoring unit  16  refers to the database  20  to select, from the plurality of face image data  23 - 1  to  23 - 10 , the selected face image data  23 - 1  corresponding to the specific information  22 - 1  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” (Step S 13 ). 
     The behavior monitoring unit  16  executes a face recognition process, in order to monitor the specific to-be-monitored object “A” that behaves in the area  100 . In the face recognition process, the behavior monitoring unit  16  judges whether or not the face image indicated by the selected face image data  23 - 1  is included in the dynamic image indicated by the dynamic image data  41  (Step S 14 ). The face recognition process can be implemented, for example, by using feature points. Since the face recognition process is public, detailed description of that is omitted. 
     The dynamic image indicated by the dynamic image data  41  includes the face image indicated by the selected face image data  23 - 1 . In this case, the behavior monitoring unit  16  refers to the database  20  to execute matching between the specific to-be-monitored object “A” that is specified by the entry monitoring unit  15  based on the specific information  22 - 1  and the specific to-be-monitored object “A” that is specified by the behavior monitoring unit  16  based on the selected face image data  23 - 1 . Consequently, the behavior monitoring unit  16  generates a behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object “A”, which is included in the dynamic image indicated by the dynamic image data  41 , as behavior information  25  (Step S 15 ). At this time, the behavior monitoring unit  16  stores the behavior information  25  in the database  20  such that the behavior information  25  is correlated to the specific identification information  21 - 1  (the specific information  22 - 1  and the selected face image data  23 - 1 ). 
     The behavior judging unit  17  refers to the database  20  to select, from the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10 , the specific prohibited behavior condition  24 - 1  corresponding to the specific identification information  21 - 1  (Step S 16 ). 
     When the behavior indicated by the specific prohibited behavior condition  24 - 1  coincides with the behavior indicated by the behavior information  25  (Step S 17 —YES), the behavior judging unit  17  produces an alarm (Step S 18 ). In this case, the behavior judging unit  17  notifies a security guard in the guardroom by displaying the dynamic image data  41  on the display device  51  and by displaying the content of the specific prohibited behavior condition  24 - 1  as a text on the display device  51 . Also, the behavior judging unit  17  notifies the specific to-be-monitored object “A” by outputting the content of the specific prohibited behavior condition  24 - 1  as sound from the speaker. 
     As mentioned above, the dynamic image data includes the plurality of static image data. For this reason, the foregoing steps S 13  to S 18  are performed on one static image data among the plurality of static image data. When the specific to-be-monitored object “A” does not exit from the area  100  (Step S 19 —NO), the foregoing steps S 13  to S 18  are performed on the next static image data to the one static image data among the plurality of static image data. When the specific to-be-monitored object “A” exits from the area  100 , the monitoring operation for the specific to-be-monitored object “A” is terminated (Step S 19 —YES). 
     Here, it is assumed that the specific to-be-monitored object is not the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and there is no specific information of the specific to-be-monitored object (Step S 12 —NO). In this case, the entry monitoring unit  15  executes an entry refusal process in which the gate  33  is controlled to refuse the entry of the specific to-be-monitored object to the area  100 . Specifically, the specific information of the specific to-be-monitored object does not exist in the plurality of specific information  22 - 1  to  22 - 10 . Or, since the specific information of the specific to-be-monitored object does not exist, the IC card reader  31  cannot read the specific information of the specific to-be-monitored object. In this case, the entry monitoring unit  15  transmits an entry refusal instruction to the gate  33 . The gate  33  closes the entrance of the area  100  in response to the entry refusal instruction and refuses the entry of the specific to-be-monitored object to the area  100  (Step S 20 ). 
     According to the behavior monitoring system according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when a specific to-be-monitored object enters the area  100 , a behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object is monitored. When the behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object is a prohibited behavior, an alarm is produced. The prohibited behavior is different depending on the to-be-monitored object. For this reason, the alarm can be produced for the specific prohibited behavior that is different depending on the to-be-monitored object. 
     Second Exemplary Embodiment 
     As for a second exemplary embodiment, the descriptions overlapping with the first exemplary embodiment are omitted. 
       FIG. 6  shows a concrete example of a behavior monitoring system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Each of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” is a person and holds specific information of oneself. The specific information of each of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” indicates at least one biometrics of a fingerprint, an iris, a voiceprint and handwriting. The entry monitoring device  30  is not the IC card reader  31  but a biometrics reader  34 . The specific information of each of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” is readable by the biometrics reader  34 . The biometrics reader  34  contains a reading unit (not shown) to read the specific information. The biometrics reader  34  is provided at the entrance of the area  100 , in order to monitor the to-be-monitored object that enters the area  100 . 
     Operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention are classified into an image-taking operation and a monitoring operation. 
     The image-taking operation is same as the image-taking operation of the first exemplary embodiment. 
     The monitoring operation differs from the first exemplary embodiment, only with regard to the step S 11 . 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  controls the biometrics reader  34  to execute an entry monitoring process for monitoring a to-be-monitored object, which enters the area  100 , as a specific to-be-monitored object. Specifically, for example, when the startup of the computer  10  is executed, the entry monitoring unit  15  transmits an entry monitoring instruction to the biometrics reader  34 . In response to the entry monitoring instruction, the biometrics reader  34  guides, through displaying or sound, for example, the to-be-monitored object which enters the area  100  to input specific information of oneself to the reading unit. For example, when the specific to-be-monitored object “A” enters the area  100 , the specific to-be-monitored object “A” inputs specific information  22 - 1  of oneself to the reading unit. At this time, the biometrics reader  34  reads the specific information  22 - 1  of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” through the reading unit (Step S 11 ). 
     The steps S 12  to S 20  are same as the steps S 12  to S 20  of the first exemplary embodiment. 
     According to the behavior monitoring system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the same advantages as the first exemplary embodiment are provided. 
     Third Exemplary Embodiment 
     As for a third exemplary embodiment, the descriptions overlapping with the first and second exemplary embodiments are omitted. 
       FIG. 7  shows a concrete example of a behavior monitoring system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Each of the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” is a person. The entry monitoring device  30  is neither the IC card reader  31  nor the biometrics reader  34  but a camera  35 . The camera  35  is provided at the entrance of the area  100  in order to monitor the to-be-monitored object that enters the area  100 . The camera  35  may be identical to the monitoring camera  40 . 
     The third exemplary embodiment does not require the plurality of specific information  22 - 1  to  22 - 10  stored in the database  20 . In this case, the plurality of specific information  22 - 1  to  22 - 10  may be used as information to manage the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J”. 
     Operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention are classified into an image-taking operation and a monitoring operation. 
     The image-taking operation is same as the image-taking operation of the first exemplary embodiment. 
     The monitoring operation differs from the first exemplary embodiment, with regard to the steps S 11  to S 13 . 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  controls the camera  35  to execute an entry monitoring process for monitoring a to-be-monitored object, which enters the area  100 , as a specific to-be-monitored object. Specifically, for example, when the startup of the computer  10  is executed, the entry monitoring unit  15  transmits an entry monitoring instruction to the camera  35 . In response to the entry monitoring instruction, the camera  35  takes images of the to-be-monitored object that enters the area  100  as the specific to-be-monitored object by taking images of the entrance of the area  100 . At this time, the camera  35  generates image data indicating an image including a face image of the specific to-be-monitored object. For example, when the specific to-be-monitored object “A” enters the area  100 , the camera  35  takes images of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” that enters the area  100 , and the camera  35  generates image data indicating an image including a face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” (Step S 11 ). 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  refers to the database  20  to judge whether or not face image data indicating face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” exists in the plurality of face image data  23 - 1  to  23 - 10  (Step S 12 ). 
     Here, the face image data indicating the face image coincident with the face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “A” exists in the plurality of face image data  23 - 1  to  23 - 10  (Step S 12 —YES). In this case, the behavior monitoring unit  16  refers to the database  20  to select the face image data as the selected face image data  23 - 1  (Step S 13 ). 
     The steps S 14  to S 20  are same as the steps S 12  to S 20  of the first exemplary embodiment. 
     According to the behavior monitoring system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the same advantages as the first exemplary embodiment are provided. 
     Fourth Exemplary Embodiment 
     As for a fourth exemplary embodiment, the descriptions overlapping with the third exemplary embodiment are omitted. 
       FIG. 8  shows a concrete example of a behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     In the third exemplary embodiment, the gate  33  is provided at the entrance of the area  100 . However, in the fourth exemplary embodiment, the gate  33  is not provided. The plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” are permitted to enter the area  100 . Here, the to-be-monitored object “J” is assumed to be an outsider. That is, in the fourth exemplary embodiment, there is no entry restriction. 
       FIG. 9  shows the database  20 . 
     A prohibited behavior condition  24 - 10  as one of the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  stored in the database  20  is an outsider prohibited-behavior condition indicating a behavior that is prohibited to the to-be-monitored object “J”. When the to-be-monitored object “J” enters the area  100 , outsider face image data  23 - 10 , which will be described later, is stored in the database  20  such that the outsider face image data  23 - 10  is correlated to the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 10 . 
     Operations of the behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention are classified into an image-taking operation and a monitoring operation. 
     The image-taking operation is same as the image-taking operation in the third exemplary embodiment. 
       FIG. 10  is a flowchart showing the monitoring operation. In the monitoring operation, a step S 30  is executed instead of the step S 20 , differently from the third exemplary embodiment. 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  controls the camera  35  to take images of the to-be-monitored object “J”, which enters the area  100 , as a specific to-be-monitored object and generate image data indicating an image including face image which includes a face image of the specific to-be-monitored object (Step S 11 ). 
     The entry monitoring unit  15  refers to the database  20  to judge whether or not face image data indicating face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “J” exists in the plurality of face image data  23 - 1  to  23 - 10  (Step S 12 ). 
     Here, the face image data indicating the face image coincident with the face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “J” does not exist in the plurality of face image data  23 - 1  to  23 - 10  (Step S 12 —NO). That is, face image data indicating a face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “J” is not stored in the database  20 . In this case, the entry monitoring unit  14  stores in the database  20 , the outsider face image data  23 - 10  indicating the face image of the specific to-be-monitored object “J” as the outsider identification information  21 - 10  to identify the outsider such that the outsider face image data  23 - 10  is correlated to the outsider prohibited-behavior condition  24 - 10  (Step S 30 ). 
     The behavior monitoring unit  16  executes a face recognition process in order to monitor the specific to-be-monitored object “J” that behaves in the area  100 . In the face recognition process, the behavior monitoring unit  16  judges whether or not the face image indicated by the outsider face image data  23 - 10  is included in the dynamic image indicated by the dynamic image data  41  (Steps S 13  and S 14 ). 
     The face image indicated by the outsider face image data  23 - 10  is included in the dynamic image indicated by the dynamic image data  41 . In this case, the behavior monitoring unit  16  refers to the database  20  to execute matching between the specific to-be-monitored object “J” that is specified by the entry monitoring unit  15  based on the specific information  22 - 10  and the specific to-be-monitored object “J” that is specified by the behavior monitoring unit  16  based on the selected face image data  23 - 10 . Consequently, the behavior monitoring unit  16  generates a behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object “J”, which is included in the dynamic image indicated by the dynamic image data  41 , as behavior information  25  (Step S 15 ). At this time, the behavior monitoring unit  16  stores the behavior information  25  in the database  20  such that the behavior information  25  is correlated to the specific identification information  21 - 10  (the outsider face image data  23 - 10 ). 
     The behavior judging unit  17  refers to the database  20  to select from the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10 , the outsider prohibited-behavior condition  24 - 10  corresponding to the specific identification information  21 - 10  (Step S 16 ). 
     When the behavior indicated by the outsider prohibited-behavior condition  24 - 10  coincides with the behavior indicated by the behavior information  25  (Step S 17 —YES), the behavior judging unit  17  produces an alarm (Step S 18 ). In this case, the behavior judging unit  17  notifies a security guard in the guardroom by displaying the dynamic image data  41  on the display device  51  and displaying the content of the outsider prohibited-behavior condition  24 - 10  as a text on the display device  51 . Also, the behavior judging unit  17  notifies the specific to-be-monitored object “J” by outputting the content of the outsider prohibited-behavior condition  24 - 10  as sound from the speaker. 
     As mentioned above, the dynamic image data includes the plurality of static image data. For this reason, the foregoing steps S 13  to S 18  are performed on one static image data among the plurality of static image data. When the specific to-be-monitored object “J” does not exit from the area  100  (Step S 19 —NO), the foregoing steps S 13  to S 18  are performed on the next static image data to the one static image data among the plurality of static image data. When the specific to-be-monitored object “J” exits from the area  100 , the monitoring operation for the specific to-be-monitored object “J” is terminated (Step S 19 —YES). 
     According to the behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when there is no entry restriction, the specific to-be-monitored object “J” as an outsider can enter the area  100 . So, according to the behavior monitoring system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when the specific to-be-monitored object “J” enters the area  100 , the feature (the face image) of the specific to-be-monitored object “J” is newly recorded to monitor a behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object “J”. When the behavior of the specific to-be-monitored object is the prohibited behavior, an alarm is produced. The prohibited behavior is different depending on the to-be-monitored object. Hence, without depending on whether the to-be-monitored object is permitted to enter or not, an alarm can be produced for the specific prohibited behavior that is different depending on the to-be-monitored object. 
     As for the behavior monitoring systems according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention, concrete examples of the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  stored in the database  20  will be described. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 11 to 14 , it is assumed that the area  100  includes a predetermined region  101 . 
     At first, the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  indicate permission or prohibition of entry to the predetermined region  101 , for the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J”, respectively. For example, as shown in  FIG. 11 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 10  indicates the prohibition of entry to the predetermined region  101 , for the to-be-monitored object “J”. For example, as shown in  FIG. 14 , the prohibition of the entry to the predetermined region  101  may include passing through a place other than a path, such as passing over a fence or the like. As shown in  FIG. 13 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 1  indicates the permission of the entry to the predetermined region  101 , for the to-be-monitored object “A”. 
     Also, the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  indicate times in which the plurality of to-be-monitored objects “A to J” can stay in the predetermined region  101 , respectively. For example, the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 10  indicates that a time in which the to-be-monitored object “J” can stay in the predetermined region  101  is less than one second. In this case, as shown in  FIG. 11 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 10  indicates the prohibition of the entry to the predetermined region  101  for one second or more, for the to-be-monitored object “J”. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 10  indicates the permission of the entry to the predetermined region  101  for less than one second, for the to-be-monitored object “J”. 
     The permission of the entry to the predetermined region  101  may be determined based on date or time zone in a day. For example, there is a case that, although the to-be-monitored object “A” is permitted to carry out a work in the predetermined region  101 , the to-be-monitored object “A” is required to be prohibited to enter the predetermined region  101  in a purpose other than the work. In this case, it is preferable that the date and time when the to-be-monitored object “A” carries out the work in the predetermined region  101  is determined in advance. For example, the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 1  indicates the permission of the entry to the predetermined region  101  from 13:00 to 14:00 on July 17, for the specific to-be-monitored object “A”. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , it is assumed that the area  100  further includes a plurality of regions  102  and  103 . It is assumed that the region  102  is set at the entrance of the area  100  and the region  103  is set near the predetermined region  101 . The plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  respectively indicate for entry-permitted to-be-monitored object group “A to E”, orders for passing through the plurality of regions  102  and  103  in entering and leaving the predetermined region  101 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 15 , the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  respectively permit the entry-permitted to-be-monitored object group “A to E” to enter the predetermined region  101  when they pass through the regions  102  and  103  in this order. The plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  respectively prohibit the entry-permitted to-be-monitored object group “A to E” to enter the predetermined region  101  when they do not pass through the regions  102  and  103  in this order. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 16 , the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  respectively permit the entry-permitted to-be-monitored object group “A to E” to leave the predetermined region  101  when they exits the predetermined region  101  and pass through the region  103 . The plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  respectively prohibit the entry-permitted to-be-monitored object group “A to E” to leave the predetermined region  101  when they do not pass through the region  103  after exiting the predetermined region  101 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 17 to 22 , it is assumed that a plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects exist. The plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects are referred to as, for example, specific to-be-monitored objects “A to D”. The plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  indicate interrelationships for the plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects “A to D”, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , a first specific to-be-monitored object and a second specific to-be-monitored object among the plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects are referred to as a specific to-be-monitored object “A” and a specific to-be-monitored object “B”, respectively. In this case, the foregoing interrelationship indicates that the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” approach to one another such that a distance between them is shorter than a predetermined distance. Then, the prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  and  24 - 2  prohibit that the distance between the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” is shorter than the predetermined distance, for the specific to-be-monitored object group “A and B”, respectively. There is a case that a plurality of departments are accommodated in an office and information exchange is prohibited between specific departments. In such a case, by prohibiting a person to approach to a person of target department within a distance shorter than the predetermined distance, information can be prevented from being exchanged between the specific departments. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19 , a first specific to-be-monitored object and second specific to-be-monitored objects among the plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects are referred to as a specific to-be-monitored object “A” and specific to-be-monitored objects “C and D”, respectively. In this case, the foregoing interrelationship indicates whether or not the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored objects “C and D” belong to the same group. For example, as shown in  FIG. 18 , the prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  and  24 - 3  permit the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “C”, which belong to the same group, to stay in the predetermined region  101 , for the specific to-be-monitored object group “A and C”, respectively. For example, as shown in  FIG. 19 , the prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  and  24 - 4  prohibit the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “D”, which belong to the different groups, to stay in the predetermined region  101 , for the specific to-be-monitored object group “A and D”, respectively. For example, there is a case that, although only persons belonging to a single department are permitted to use a meeting space (refer to  FIG. 18 ), persons belonging to the specific departments are not permitted to use the same meeting space at the same time. When a person belonging to a first department (specific to-be-monitored object “A”) and a person belonging to a second department (specific to-be-monitored object “D”) are prohibited from using the same meeting space, staying in the specific area (the meeting space) together with the person belonging to the second department can be set as a prohibited behavior condition for the person belonging to the first department and staying in the specific area (the meeting space) together with the person belonging to the first department can be set as a prohibited behavior condition for the person belonging to the second department (refer to  FIG. 19 ). This example is effective for a case that a person without authority to treat secret information (specific to-be-monitored object “J”) is prohibited to approach in solo a cabinet (predetermined region  10 ) in which the secret information is stored but permitted to approach the cabinet together with a person having authority to treat the secret information (specific to-be-monitored object “A”). 
     As shown in  FIGS. 20 and 21 , a first specific to-be-monitored object and a second specific to-be-monitored object among the plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects are referred to as a specific to-be-monitored object “A” and a specific to-be-monitored object “B”, respectively. In this case, the foregoing interrelationship indicates that the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” depart from one another such that a distance between them is a predetermined distance or longer. For example, as shown in  FIG. 20 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 2  requires that the distance between the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” is kept at the predetermined distance or shorter in the area  100 , for the specific to-be-monitored object group “B”. For example, as shown in  FIG. 21 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 2  prohibits that the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” depart from one another such that the distance between them is the predetermined distance or longer in the area  100 , for the specific to-be-monitored object group “B”. For example, there is a case that a person other than worker of an office is permitted to enter the office together with a worker of the office (refer to  FIG. 20 ) but required to accompany the worker of the office in that case. In such a case, for the person who is not registered as a worker of the office, by detecting that he comes away from the person who enters at the same time such that the distance between them is the predetermined distance or longer, a situation is can be detected that the accompanying person is not in attendance. 
     As shown in  FIG. 22 , it is assumed that the area  100  includes a specific place  104 . The specific place  104  is a toilet, a smoking area or the kike. Also, a first specific to-be-monitored object and a second specific to-be-monitored object among the plurality of specific to-be-monitored objects are referred to as a specific to-be-monitored object “A” and a specific to-be-monitored object “B”, respectively. In this case, the foregoing interrelationship indicates that the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” depart from one another such that the distance between them is the predetermined distance or longer in the area  100  except the specific place  104 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 22 , the prohibited behavior condition  24 - 2  requires that the distance between the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” is kept at a distance shorter than the predetermined distance in the area  100  except the specific place  104 , for the specific to-be-monitored object group “B”. The prohibited behavior condition  24 - 2  prohibits that the specific to-be-monitored object “A” and the specific to-be-monitored object “B” depart form one another such that the distance between them is the predetermined distance or longer in the area  100 , for the specific to-be-monitored object “B”. In this way, by considering that the accompanying person is not required to be in attendance in the specific place such as toilet or smoking area, the prohibited behavior condition can be that the specific to-be-monitored object and the person who is enter at the same time depart from one another in a place other the specific place such that the distance between them is the predetermined distance or longer. 
     In the behavior monitoring systems according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of prohibited behavior conditions  24 - 1  to  24 - 10  may be a plurality of combinations of the examples shown in  FIGS. 11 to 21 . 
     In the behavior monitoring system according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the behavior monitoring means  16  specifies the specific to-be-monitored object by executing a face authentication process on the dynamic image data generated by the monitoring camera  40 . However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the behavior monitoring means  16  can specify the specific to-be-monitored object based on the change in brightness of the dynamic image data. Also, the behavior monitoring means  16  can use an ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, a gravity sensor or the like to specify the specific to-be-monitored object based on the change in measured value of the sensor. 
     The behavior monitoring systems according to the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by assuming that the to-be-monitored object is a person. However, the to-be-monitored object may be a car or a walking robot when feature points can be obtained as the case of the face image. 
     Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments thereof, the present invention is not limited to the above exemplary embodiment. Various modifications understandable to those skilled in the art can be applied to the configurations and details of the present invention within the scope of the present invention. 
     This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application NO. 2007-214976, filed on Aug. 21, 2007, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein its entirely by reference.