Patent Publication Number: US-9883657-B2

Title: Conductive polymer multi-ridge electrode animal collar

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 14/211,380, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/791,339, filed Mar. 15, 2013, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to the field of animal collar devices and systems and methods for conditioning of an animal&#39;s behavior, and more particularly, to conductive animal collar devices capable of fitting a wide range of animals from small to large with enhanced aesthetic feel for the animal. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional training collars for the conditioning of an animal&#39;s behavior generally consist of an apparatus mounted around the neck of an animal. When the animal behaves in an undesirable manner, electric stimulation may be applied, thereby leading the animal to behave in a desirable manner. Such conventional training collars consist of a collar placed around the neck of an animal, a main body that generates electric stimuli which is attached to the collar, and may include an electronic receiver that receives signals from a remote control that can be used to activate the electric stimuli or may include a sensor on the main body that activates the electric stimuli based on the vocalization or movement of an animal. The main body is generally comprised of a housing made of synthetic resins, an electric device mounted inside the housing, a pair of electrode terminals protruding from the housing that contact the animal&#39;s body such as the neck, and a control knob that controls the strength of the electricity (i.e. voltage or current) flowing through the electrode terminals. 
     The electrode terminals of the main body are formed by processing a metal bar typically made of stainless steel in order to conduct electricity when in contact with the animal&#39;s body. The stainless steel metal bar on such conventional training collars is left exposed, which leads to problems with the aesthetics. Additional problems with conventional stainless steel electrode terminals include the inability of the training collar to fit securely around the neck of animals of varying sizes, costs of materials, assembly of multiple parts, and costs to manufacture. It would thus be desirable to have animal training devices that are aesthetically pleasing, securely fit around the animal&#39;s neck, have low cost to manufacture, are fabricated from inexpensive materials, durable, and are easy to assemble, among other desirable features, as described herein. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first aspect, there is provided herein an animal training collar for conditioning behavior in an animal. The collar includes a main body configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom having either an electronic receiver for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal. The collar further includes a pair of multi-ridge electrodes fabricated of a conductive material extending outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion of a rear side of the main body at a first end and a second end of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component. The pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to have inner and outer indentations integrally formed with the base portion such that the inner indentations are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations are suitable for receiving larger animals. 
     In certain embodiments, the collar includes a detachable housing having side walls, a top and a bottom, and an open rear side for slidably receiving the main body therethrough. The housing is integrally formed with a pair of elongated planar members extending orthogonally from a band portion of the collar at a first end and a second end of the housing such that the collar is positioned around a neck of the animal while inserted to the main body for support. 
     In certain embodiments, the collar may be fabricated of flexible synthetic resins, plastic, leather, cloth, metal alloys and chains, and other suitable materials with flexible properties. 
     In certain embodiments, the main body further includes an intensity dial used to turn the animal collar on and off, to select the intensity level of the stimulation, and to test the animal collar. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion are fabricated by injection molding processed by way of at least one injection in which the injected materials are configured to be positioned on top of each other in a mold thereby forming the unitary component. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion may be fabricated of any suitable conductive polymer and like materials, including heat conductive plastic materials. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is fabricated from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109, and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is optimally positioned proximate to the animal&#39;s vocal chord area of the neck. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to maintain the collar in place around the optimal position of the animal&#39;s neck such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured in the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion of the unitary component. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to be spaced in such a manner to provide effective stimulation to the animal such that the animal receives a correct message and appropriate stimulation in the conditioning of the animal&#39;s behavior regardless of the animal&#39;s size. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes further includes an external electrode and an internal electrode at both the first end and the second end of the base portion. 
     In certain embodiments, the external electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 32.3 mm (1.27 inches) to about 42.3 mm (1.67 inches) and the internal electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 19.0 mm (0.75 inches) to about 29 mm (1.14 inches). 
     In certain embodiments, the external electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 13.1 mm (0.52 inches) and the internal electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 10.8 mm (0.43 inches). 
     In a second aspect, there is provided herein a conductive multi-ridge electrode assembly for use with an animal training collar for conditioning behavior in an animal. The assembly includes a main body configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom having either an electronic receiver for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal. The assembly further includes a pair of multi-ridge electrodes fabricated of a conductive material extending outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion of a rear side of the main body at a first end and a second end of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component. The pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to have inner and outer indentations integrally formed with the base portion such that the inner indentations are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations are suitable for receiving larger animals. The pair of multi-ridge electrodes includes an external electrode and an internal electrode at both the first end and the second end of the base portion such that the external electrode is greater in height than the internal electrode. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion are fabricated by injection molding processed by way of at least one injection in which the injected materials are configured to be positioned on top of each other in a mold thereby forming the unitary component. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion may be fabricated of any suitable conductive polymer and like materials, including heat conductive plastic materials. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is fabricated from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109, and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is optimally positioned proximate to the animal&#39;s vocal chord area of the neck. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to maintain the collar in place around the optimal position of the animal&#39;s neck such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured in the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion of the unitary component. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to be spaced in such a manner to provide effective stimulation to the animal such that the animal receives a correct message and appropriate stimulation in the conditioning of the animal&#39;s behavior regardless of the animal&#39;s size. 
     In certain embodiments, the external electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 32.3 mm (1.27 inches) to about 42.3 mm (1.67 inches) and the internal electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 19.0 mm (0.75 inches) to about 29 mm (1.14 inches). 
     In certain embodiments, the external electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 13.1 mm (0.52 inches) and the internal electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 10.8 mm (0.43 inches). 
     In a third aspect, there is provided herein a system for conditioning behavior in an animal using a conductive multi-ridge electrode assembly. The system includes a collar having a main body configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom. The main body includes either an electronic receiver for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal. The system further includes a pair of multi-ridge electrodes fabricated of a conductive material extending outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion of a rear side of the main body at a first end and a second end of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component. The pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to have inner and outer indentations integrally formed with the base portion such that the inner indentations are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations are suitable for receiving larger animals. The system includes a detachable housing having side walls, a top and a bottom, and an open rear side for slidably receiving the main body therethrough. The housing is integrally formed with a pair of elongated planar members extending orthogonally from a band portion of the collar at a first end and a second end of the housing. The collar is configured to be positioned around the animal&#39;s neck while inserted to the main body for support such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured within the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion of the unitary component. Electrical stimulation is configured to be applied to the animal in appropriate intervals. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion may be fabricated of any suitable conductive polymer and like materials, including heat conductive plastic materials. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is fabricated from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109, and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to be spaced in such a manner to provide effective stimulation to the animal such that the animal receives a correct message and appropriate stimulation in the conditioning of the animal&#39;s behavior regardless of the animal&#39;s size. 
     In certain embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes further comprises an external electrode and an internal electrode at both the first end and the second end of the base portion. 
     In certain embodiments, the external electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 32.3 mm (1.27 inches) to about 42.3 mm (1.67 inches) and the internal electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 19.0 mm (0.75 inches) to about 29 mm (1.14 inches). 
     In certain embodiments, the external electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 13.1 mm (0.52 inches) and the internal electrode at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 10.8 mm (0.43 inches). 
     In a fourth aspect, there is provided herein a method for conditioning behavior in an animal using a conductive multi-ridge electrode assembly. The method includes: providing a collar having a main body configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom, the main body having either an electronic receiver for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal; providing a pair of multi-ridge electrodes fabricated of a conductive material extending outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion of a rear side of the main body at a first end and a second end of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component, wherein the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to have inner and outer indentations integrally formed with the base portion such that the inner indentations are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations are suitable for receiving larger animals; providing a detachable housing having side walls, a top and a bottom, and an open rear side for slidably receiving the main body therethrough, wherein the housing is integrally formed with a pair of elongated planar members extending orthogonally from a band portion of the collar at a first end and a second end of the housing; positioning the collar around the animal&#39;s neck while inserted to the main body for support such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured within the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion of the unitary component; and applying electrical stimulation to the animal in appropriate intervals. 
     In certain embodiments, the method further comprises fabricating the pair of multi-ridge electrodes from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109, and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22. 
     In a further aspect, there is provided herein a conductive electrode for use with an animal training collar having a fabrication material selected from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109, and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22. 
     Various advantages of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, when read in light of the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the use of a conventional animal collar for training. 
         FIG. 2  is a rear perspective view of a conventional animal collar for training. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an animal collar according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a front exploded perspective view of the animal collar in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a rear perspective view of the main body in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 6  is a front perspective view of the use of the animal collar in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 7  is a top plan view of the animal collar in  FIG. 3 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     This disclosure is not limited to the particular systems, methodologies or protocols described, as these may vary. The terminology used in this description is for the purpose of describing the particular versions or embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope. 
     As used in this document, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All publications mentioned in this document are incorporated by reference. All sizes recited in this document are by way of example only, and the invention is not limited to structures having the specific sizes or dimensions recited below. Nothing in this document is to be construed as an admission that the embodiments described in this document are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention. As used herein, the term “comprising” means “including, but not limited to.” 
     In consideration of the figures, it is to be understood for purposes of clarity certain details of construction and/or operation are not provided in view of such details being conventional and well within the skill of the art upon disclosure of the document described herein. 
     The following terms shall have, for purposes of this application, the respective meanings set forth below: 
     “Conductive polymers” or “intrinsically conducting polymers” refer to organic polymers that conduct electricity. Such types of polymers may have metallic conductivity. The linear-backbone “polymer blacks” (e.g., polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline) and their copolymers are the primary class of conductive polymers. Additional conductive polymers include, but are not necessarily limited to, poly(fluorine)s, polyphenylenes, polypyrenes, polyazulenes, polynaphthalenes, poly(acetylene)s (PAC), poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), poly(pyrrole)s (PPY), polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, polyanilines (PANI), poly(thiophene)s (PT), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) grade number E-5109, and polyamide 66 grade number KN333C22, and poly(hexamethylene dodecanediamide) polymer (75% or more of polymer contents) containing carbon black. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the use of a conventional animal collar  100  for training. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a conventional animal collar  100  for training includes a main body  102  that generates electric stimuli, and may include an electronic receiver that receives signals from a remote control that can be used to activate the electric stimuli or may include a sensor that activates the electric stimuli based on the vocalization, such as the barking of a dog  104 , or movement of an animal, and a collar  106  placed around the neck of the animal while supporting the main body  102 . 
       FIG. 2  is a rear perspective view of a conventional animal collar  100  for training. As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the main body  102  of the animal collar  100  for training may include a housing  108  made of synthetic resins, an electric device (not shown) to be mounted inside the housing, a pair of electrode terminals  110  fabricated from stainless steel protruding from the housing  108  that come into contact with the animal&#39;s body, such as the neck, and a control knob  112  that controls the strength of the electricity flowing through the stimulation terminals  110 . 
       FIG. 3  is a front perspective view of an animal collar  300  according to one embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the animal collar  300  includes a main body  302  configured to generate electric stimuli having either an electronic receiver  304  that receives a plurality of signals from a remote control  306  that can be used to activate the electric stimuli from a predetermined distance or a component  308  disposed on the main body that activates the electric stimuli based on the vocalization or movement of an animal  310  ( FIG. 6 ). A detachable housing  312  having side walls  314 , a top  316  and a bottom  318 , and an open rear side  320  ( FIG. 4 ), is configured to slidably receive the main body  302  therethrough. The housing  312  is integrally formed with a pair of elongated planar members or straps  322  extending orthogonally from a band portion  324  of the collar  300  at a first end  326  and a second end  328  of the housing such that the collar is optimally positioned around a neck of the animal  310  ( FIG. 6 ) while inserted to the main body  302  for support. 
     The collar  300  may be fabricated of flexible synthetic resins, plastic, leather, cloth, metal alloys and chains, and other suitable materials that are flexible, and the like. 
       FIG. 4  is a front exploded perspective view of the animal collar  300  shown in  FIG. 3 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the main body  302  includes an intensity dial  330  used to turn the animal collar  300  on and off, to select the intensity level, and to test the animal collar. When the intensity dial  330  is set to the pager mode, the animal collar  300  will only vibrate. Level one is the lowest stimulation level with level ten being the highest. On each level, a vibration is followed by the stimulation. 
     Referring further to  FIG. 4 , a battery cover  334  secures the placement of the batteries inside the main body  302  for the operation of the animal collar  300 . The housing  312  having side walls  314 , a top  316  and a bottom  318 , an open rear side  320 , and a partially open front side  336  to receive the battery cover  334  therethrough, is configured to be detachable from the main body  302  as shown in  FIG. 4 . The main body  302  is attached to the housing  312  of the animal collar  300  by inserting the intensity dial  330  within the housing and pulling the strap from the opposite side of the intensity dial over the rest of the main body. 
       FIG. 5  is a rear perspective view of the main body  302  shown in  FIG. 3  according to one embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the main body  302  is configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom having either an electronic receiver  304  for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control  306  ( FIG. 3 ) for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component  308  disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal  310  ( FIG. 6 ). 
     Referring further to  FIG. 5 , a pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  fabricated of a conductive material is configured to extend outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion  340  of a rear side  342  of the main body  302  at a first end  344  and a second end  346  of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component  348 . The pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  is configured to have inner and outer indentations  350 ,  352  integrally formed with the base portion  340  such that the inner indentations  350  are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations  352  are suitable for receiving larger animals. 
     It should be understood that the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  may include any suitable number of inner and outer indentations  350 ,  352  and is not necessarily limited to the minimal number of indentations disclosed herein in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     The pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  and the base portion  340  are fabricated by injection molding processed by way of at least one injection, and more preferably by two injections in which the injected materials are configured to be positioned on top of each other in a mold thereby forming the unitary component  348 . 
     It should be understood that the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  and the base portion  340  may be fabricated of any suitable conductive polymer and like materials, including heat conductive plastic materials. Conductive materials enable electricity to flow through when the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  comes into contact with the neck of the animal  310 . A heat conducting plastic is advantageous to use for several reasons, including but not limited to: (1) lowers the temperature of the part by removing the heat spot; (2) decreases distortion of the part; (3) extends the product life by lowering the temperature; (4) improves the mechanical strength because of low temperature in use; (5) has a low coefficient of heat expansion; (6) has a chemical resistance that is unique to plastics; and (7) enables design flexibility. 
     In some embodiments, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  is fabricated from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109 (available from Cool Polymers, Inc., North Kingstown, R.I.), and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22 (available from API-Kolon Engineered Plastics, Lake Zurich, Ill.). 
     The pair of conductive multi-ridge electrodes  338  of the present disclosure is configured to follow the shape of the neck of the animal  310  ( FIG. 6 ) for a wide range of animals from small to large. In one embodiment, the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  is optimally positioned proximate to the animal&#39;s  310  vocal chord area of the neck ( FIG. 6 ). The pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  is configured to maintain the collar in place around the optimal position of the animal&#39;s neck ( FIG. 6 ) such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured in the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes and the base portion  340  of the unitary component  348 . 
       FIG. 6  is a front perspective view of the use of the animal collar  300  in  FIG. 3 . It should be understood that the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  is configured to be spaced in such a manner to provide effective stimulation to the animal  310  such that the animal receives a correct message and appropriate stimulation in the conditioning of the animal&#39;s behavior regardless of the animal&#39;s size. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7  is a top plan view of the animal collar  300  in  FIG. 3 . The pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  of the present disclosure further comprises an external electrode  354  and an internal electrode  356  at both the first end  344  and the second end  346  of the base portion  340 . In some embodiments, the external electrode  354  at the first end  344  and the second end  346  of the base portion  340  have a width of from about 32.3 mm (1.27 inches) to about 42.3 mm (1.67 inches) and the internal electrode  356  at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a width of from about 19.0 mm (0.75 inches) to about 29.0 mm (1.14 inches). 
     In some embodiments, the external electrode  354  at the first end  344  and the second end  346  of the base portion  340  have a height of about 13.1 mm (0.52 inches) and the internal electrode  356  at the first end and the second end of the base portion have a height of about 10.8 mm (0.43 inches). 
     It should be understood that the dimensions of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  are not necessarily limited to the ranges disclosed herein and may include other various ranges suitable for use with the animal collar  300  and system and method of use of same in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     The conductive multi-ridge electrode animal collar  300  of the present disclosure provides numerous advantages over conventional animal training collars. Some of these advantages include, but are not necessarily limited to: aesthetically pleasing, configured to fit a wide range of animals of various sizes from small to large, assembly is easy due to a unitary molded component, lower cost of conductive polymer materials, offer effective conductivity in animals, ergonomically designed, low cost to manufacture, easy to care for and clean, and durability. 
     In other embodiments, a conductive multi-ridge electrode assembly  358  for use with an animal training collar  300  is disclosed as already described above and illustrated in  FIGS. 3-7 . 
     In still other embodiments, a system for conditioning behavior in an animal using a conductive multi-ridge electrode assembly  358 , which is substantially disclosed as already described above and illustrated in  FIGS. 3-7 , is provided herein. The system includes a collar  300  having a main body  302  configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom. The main body  302  includes either an electronic receiver  304  for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control  306  ( FIG. 3 ) for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component  308  disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal  310  ( FIG. 6 ). 
     The system further includes a pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  fabricated of a conductive material extending outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion  340  of a rear side  342  of the main body  302  at a first end  344  and a second end  346  of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component  348 . The pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  is configured to have inner and outer indentations  350 ,  352  integrally formed with the base portion  340  such that the inner indentations  350  are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations  352  are suitable for receiving medium to larger animals. 
     The system includes a detachable housing  312  having side walls  314 , a top  316  and a bottom  318 , and an open rear side  320  for slidably receiving the main body  302  therethrough. The housing  312  is integrally formed with a pair of elongated planar members  322  extending orthogonally from a band portion  324  of the collar at a first end  326  and a second end  328  of the housing. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the collar  300  is configured to be positioned around the animal&#39;s neck while inserted to the main body  302  for support such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured within the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  and the base portion  340  of the unitary component  348 . Electrical stimulation is configured to be applied to the animal  310  in appropriate intervals via either remote control  306  or sensor  308 . 
     In another embodiment, a conductive electrode for use with an animal training collar earlier disclosed herein is fabricated from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109 (available from Cool Polymers, Inc., North Kingstown, R.I.), and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22 (available from API-Kolon Engineered Plastics, Lake Zurich, Ill.). 
     In further embodiments, a method for conditioning behavior in an animal using a conductive multi-ridge electrode assembly  358 , which is substantially disclosed as already described above and illustrated in  FIGS. 3-7 , is provided herein. The method includes: providing a collar  300  having a main body  302  configured to generate electric stimuli therefrom, the main body having either an electronic receiver  304  for receiving a plurality of signals from a remote control  306  for activating the electric stimuli from a distance or a component  308  disposed on the main body for activating the electric stimuli based on vocalization or movement of the animal  310 ; providing a pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  fabricated of a conductive material extending outwardly in a concave configuration from a base portion  340  of a rear side  342  of the main body  302  at a first end  344  and a second end  346  of the base portion such that the electrodes and base portion form a unitary component  348 , wherein the pair of multi-ridge electrodes is configured to have inner and outer indentations  350 ,  352  integrally formed with the base portion such that the inner indentations  350  are suitable for receiving smaller animals and the outer indentations  352  are suitable for receiving larger animals; providing a detachable housing  312  having side walls  314 , a top  316  and a bottom  318 , and an open rear side  320  for slidably receiving the main body  302  therethrough, wherein the housing is integrally formed with a pair of elongated planar members  322  extending orthogonally from a band portion  324  of the collar  300  at a first end  326  and a second end  328  of the housing; positioning the collar  300  around the animal&#39;s neck while inserted to the main body  302  for support such that a convex portion of the animal&#39;s neck is secured within the concave configuration of the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  and the base portion  340  of the unitary component  348 ; and applying electrical stimulation to the animal  310  in appropriate intervals. 
     In some embodiments, the method includes fabricating the pair of multi-ridge electrodes  338  and the base portion  340  from at least one of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), grade number E-5109 (available from Cool Polymers, Inc., North Kingstown, R.I.), and polyamide 66, grade number KN333C22 (available from API-Kolon Engineered Plastics, Lake Zurich, Ill.). 
     It should be understood that the application of the electrical stimulation is not necessarily limited to any set interval(s) as any such appropriate intervals suitable for use with the animal collar  300  are contemplated in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     Several of the features and functions disclosed above may be combined into different systems or applications, or combinations of systems and applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, each of which is also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.