Patent Publication Number: US-2022225387-A1

Title: Method and apparatus for uplink transmission in a wireless communication system

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Chinese Patent Application No. 202110051042.8, filed on Jan. 14, 2021, in the China National Intellectual Property Administration, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     This application relates generally to the field of wireless communication technology, and more particularly, to methods and devices for uplink transmission. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop an improved 5G or pre-5G communication system. Therefore, the 5G or pre-5G communication system is also called a ‘Beyond 4G Network’ or a ‘Post LTE System’. The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands, so as to accomplish higher data rates. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in 5G communication systems. In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system network improvement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud Radio Access Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation and the like. In the 5G system, Hybrid FSK and QAM Modulation (FOAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as an advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple  access(NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as an advanced access technology have been developed. 
     The Internet, which is a human centered connectivity network where humans generate and consume information, is now evolving to the Internet of Things (IoT) where distributed entities, such as things, exchange and process information without human intervention. The Internet of Everything (IoE), which is a combination of the IoT technology and the Big Data processing technology through connection with a cloud server, has emerged. As technology elements, such as “sensing technology”, “wired/wireless communication and network infrastructure”, “service interface technology”, and “Security technology” have been demanded for IoT implementation, a sensor network, a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, Machine Type Communication (MTC), and so forth have been recently researched. Such an IoT environment may provide intelligent Internet technology services that create a new value to human life by collecting and analyzing data generated among connected things. IoT may be applied to a variety of fields including smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected cars, smart grid, health care, smart appliances and advanced medical services through convergence and combination between existing Information Technology (IT) and various industrial applications. 
     In line with this, various attempts have been made to apply 5G communication systems to IoT networks. For example, technologies such as a sensor network, Machine Type Communication (MTC), and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication may be implemented by beamforming, MIMO, and array antennas. Application of a cloud Radio Access Network (RAN) as the above-described Big Data processing technology may also be considered to be as an example of convergence between the 5G technology and the IoT technology. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, a method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving configuration information for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), receiving downlink control information (DCI) for scheduling a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), receiving downlink data on the PDSCH, based on the DCI, and transmitting feedback information for the PDSCH on the PUCCH, based on the configuration information and the DCI. A set of slot offset  values between the PDSCH and the PUCCH is determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS) configuration of the PUCCH. 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting configuration information for a PUCCH, transmitting DCI for scheduling a PDSCH, transmitting downlink data on the PDSCH, according to the DCI, and receiving feedback information for the PDSCH on the PUCCH, according to the configuration information and the DCI. A set of slot offset values between the PDSCH and the PUCCH is determined according to an SCS configuration of the PUCCH. 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The terminal includes a transceiver and a controller. The controller is configured to receive, via the transceiver, configuration information for a PUCCH, receive, via the transceiver, DCI for scheduling a PDSCH, receive, via the transceiver, downlink data on the PDSCH, based on the DCI, and transmit, via the transceiver, feedback information for the PDSCH on the PUCCH, based on the configuration information and the DCI. A set of slot offset values between the PDSCH and the PUCCH is determined according to an SCS configuration of the PUCCH. 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The base station includes a transceiver and a controller. The controller is configured to transmit, via the transceiver, configuration information for a PUCCH, transmit, via the transceiver, DCI for scheduling a PDSCH, transmit, via the transceiver, downlink data on the PDSCH, according to the DCI, and receive, via the transceiver, feedback information for the PDSCH on the PUCCH, according to the configuration information and the DCI. A set of slot offset values between the PDSCH and the PUCCH is determined according to an SCS configuration of the PUCCH. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will become more apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a wireless network, according to an embodiment; 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are diagrams illustrating a wireless transmission path and a wireless reception path, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 3A  is a diagram illustrating a UE, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 3B  is a diagram illustrating a base station, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a method for signal transmission performed by a UE, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a UE in a bearnforming-based system, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a PUCCH transmission method, according to an embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a PUCCH transmission method, according to an embodiment, 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating an electronic device, according to an embodiment; and 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a base station, according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or similar components may be designated by the same or similar reference numerals although they are illustrated in different drawings. Detailed descriptions of constructions or processes known in the art may be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the disclosure. The embodiments and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technology disclosed herein to specific forms, and should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives to the corresponding embodiments. A singular expression may include a plural expression unless they are definitely different in context. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a wireless network, according to an embodiment. The wireless network of  FIG. 1  is for illustration purposes only. Other embodiments of the wireless network  100  can be used without departing from the scope of the disclosure.  
     A wireless network  100  includes a first gNodeB (gNB)  101 , a second gNB  102 , and a third gNB  103 . The first gNB  101  communicates with the second gNB  102  and the third gNB  103 . The first gNB  101  also communicates with at least one Internet protocol (IP) network  130 , such as, for example, the Internet, a private IP network, or other data networks. 
     Depending on a type of network, other well-known terms such as “base station” or “access point” can be used instead of “gNodeB” or “gNB”. For convenience, the terms “gNodeB” and “gNB” are used to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access for remote terminals. Depending on the type of network, other well-known terms such as “mobile station”, “user station”, “remote terminal”, “wireless terminal”, or “user apparatus” can be used instead of “user equipment” or “UE”. For convenience, the terms “user equipment” and “UE” are used to refer to remote wireless devices that wirelessly access the gNB, no matter whether the UE is a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone or a smart phone) or a fixed device (e.g., a desktop computer or a vending machine). 
     The second gNB  102  provides wireless broadband access to the network  130  for a first plurality of UEs within a coverage area  120  of the second gNB  102 . The first plurality of UEs include: a first UE  111 , which may be located in a small business (SB); a second UE  112 , which may be located in an enterprise ®; a third UE  113 , which may be located in a WifI hotspot a fourth UE  114 , which may be located in a first residence (R); a fifth UE  115 , which may be located in a second residence (R); and a sixth UE  116 , which may be a mobile device (M) (e.g., a cellular phone, a wireless laptop computer, a wireless PDA, etc.). The third gNB  103  provides wireless broadband access to the network  130  for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area  125  of the third gNB  103 . The second plurality of UEs include the fifth UE  115  and the UE  116 . One or more of the gNBs  101 - 103  can communicate with each other and with the UEs  111 - 116  using 5G, long term evolution (LTE), LTE-A, WiMAX, or other advanced wireless communication technologies. 
     The dashed lines show approximate ranges of the coverage areas  120  and  125 , and the ranges are shown as approximate circles merely for illustration and explanation purposes. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with the gNBs, such as the coverage areas  120  and  125 , may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on  configurations of the gNBs and changes in the radio environment associated with natural obstacles and man-made obstacles. 
     As will be described in more detail below, one or more of the first gNB  101 , the second gNB  102 , and the third gNB  103  include a 2D antenna array. One or more of the first gNB  101 , the second gNB  102 , and the third gNB  103  support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays. 
     Although  FIG. 1  illustrates an example of the wireless network  100 , various changes can be made to  FIG. 1 . The wireless network  100  can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement, for example. Furthermore, the first gNB  101  can directly communicate with any number of UEs and provide wireless broadband access to the network  130  for those UEs. Similarly, each of the second and third gNBs  102 - 103  can directly communicate with the network  130  and provide direct wireless broadband access to the network  130  for the UEs. In addition, the gNBs  101 ,  102  and/or  103  can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as, for example, external telephone networks or other types of data networks. 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  are diagrams illustrating wireless transmission and reception paths, according to an embodiment. Herein, a transmission path  200  can be described as being implemented in a gNB, such as, for example, the second gNB  102 , and a reception path  250  can be described as being implemented in a UE, such as, for example, the sixth UE  116 . However, it should be understood that the reception path  250  can be implemented in any gNB and the transmission path  200  can be implemented in any UE. The reception path  250  may be configured to support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described herein. 
     The transmission path  200  includes a channel coding and modulation block  205 , a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block  210 , a size N inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block  215 , a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block  220 , a cyclic prefix addition block  225 , and an up-converter (UC)  230 . The reception path  250  includes a down-converter (DC)  255 , a cyclic prefix removal block  260 , a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block  265 , a size N fast Fourier transform (FFT) block  270 , a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block  275 , and a channel decoding and demodulation block  280 . 
     In the transmission path  200 , the channel coding and modulation block  205  receives a set of information bits, applies coding (e.g., low density parity check (LDPC) coding), and  modulates the input bits (e.g., using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulated symbols. The serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block  210  converts (e.g., demultiplexes) serial modulated symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is a size of the IFFT/FFT used in the second gNB  102  and the sixth UE  116 . The size N IFFT block  215  performs IFFT operations on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. The parallel-to-serial block  220  converts (e.g., multiplexes) parallel time-domain output symbols from the Size N IFFT block  215  to generate a serial time-domain signal. The cyclic prefix addition block  225  inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. The up-converter  230  modulates (e.g., up-converts) the output of the cyclic prefix addition block  225  to an RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered at a baseband before switching to the RF frequency. 
     The RF signal transmitted from the second gNB  102  arrives at the sixth UE  116  after passing through the wireless channel, and operations in reverse to those at the second gNB  102  are performed at the sixth UE  116 . The down-converter  255  down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and the cyclic prefix removal block  260  removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The serial-to-parallel block  265  converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. The size N FFT block  270  performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The parallel-to-serial block  275  converts the parallel frequency-domain signal into a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block  280  demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream. 
     Each of the gNBs  101 - 103  may implement the transmission path  200  similar to that for transmitting to the UEs  111 - 116  in the downlink, and may implement the reception path  250  similar to that for receiving from the UEs  111 - 116  in the uplink. Similarly, each of the UEs  111 - 116  may implement the transmission path  200  for transmitting to the gNBs  101 - 103  in the uplink, and may implement the reception path  250  for receiving from gNBs  101 - 103  in the downlink. 
     Each of the components in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  can be implemented using only hardware, or using a combination of hardware and software/firmware. For example, at least some of the components in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented in configurable hardware or a combination of software and configurable  hardware. For example, the FFT block  270  and IFFT block  215  may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, in which the value of the size N may be modified according to the implementation. 
     Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is only illustrative and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Other types of transforms can be used, such as, for example, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer which is a power of 2 (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.). 
     Although  FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrate examples of wireless transmission and reception paths, various changes may be made to  FIGS. 2A and 2B . For example, various components in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. Furthermore,  FIGS. 2A and 2B  are intended to illustrate examples of types of transmission and reception paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communication in a wireless network. 
       FIG. 3A  is a diagram illustrating a UE, according to an embodiment. The UE shown in  FIG. 3A  is for illustrative purposes only, and any UE of  FIG. 1  can have the same or a similar configuration. However, a UE has various configurations, and  FIG. 3A  does not limit the scope of the disclosure to any specific implementation of the UE. 
     The sixth UE  116  includes an antenna  305 , a radio frequency (RF) transceiver  310 , a transmission (TX) processing circuit  315 , a microphone  320 , and a reception (RX) processing circuit  325 . UE  116  also includes a speaker  330 , a processor/controller  340 , an input/output (I/O) interface  345 , an input device(s)  350 , a display  355 , and a memory  360 . The memory  360  includes an operating system (OS)  361  and one or more applications  362 . 
     The RF transceiver  310  receives an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the wireless network  100  from the antenna  305 . The RF transceiver  310  down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit  325 , where the RX processing circuit  325  generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and/or digitizing the baseband or  IF signal. The RX processing circuit  325  transmits the processed baseband signal to the speaker  330  (e.g., for voice data) or to the processor/controller  340  for further processing (e.g., for web browsing data). 
     The TX processing circuit  315  receives analog or digital voice data from microphone  320  or other outgoing baseband data (e.g., network data, email, or interactive video game data) from processor/controller  340 . The TX processing circuit  315  encodes, multiplexes, and/or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver  310  receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit  315  and up-converts the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via the antenna.  305 . 
     The processor/controller  340  can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute an OS  361  stored in the memory  360  in order to control the overall operation of UE  116 . For example, the processor/controller  340  can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceiver  310 , the RX processing circuit  325 , and the TX processing circuit  315 , according to well-known principles. The processor/controller  340  may include at least one microprocessor or microcontroller. 
     The processor/controller  340  is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in the memory  360 , such as, for example, operations for channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays, as described herein. The processor/controller  340  can move data into or out of the memory  360  as required by an execution process. The processor/controller  340  may be configured to execute the application  362  based on the OS  361  or in response to signals received from the gNB or the operator. The processor/controller  340  is also coupled to an I/O interface  345 , where the I/O interface  345  provides UE  116  with the ability to connect to other devices such as, for example, laptop computers and handheld computers. I/O interface  345  is a communication path between these accessories and the processor/controller  340 . 
     The processorlcontroller  340  is also coupled to the input device(s)  350  and the display  355 . An operator of the sixth UE  116  can input data into the sixth UE  116  using the input device(s)  350 . The display  355  may be a liquid crystal display or other display capable of  presenting text and/or at least limited graphics (e.g., from a website). The memory  360  is coupled to the processor/controller  340 . A part of the memory  360  can include a random access memory (RAM), while another part of the memory  360  can include a flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM). 
     Although  FIG. 3A  illustrates an example of the sixth UE  116 , various changes can be made to  FIG. 3A . For example, various components in  FIG. 3A  can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. As a specific example, the processor/controller  340  can be divided into a plurality of processors, such as, one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Furthermore, although  FIG. 3A  illustrates that the UE  116  is configured as a mobile phone or a smart phone, UEs can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or fixed devices. 
       FIG. 3B  is a diagram illustrating a gNB, according to an embodiment. The second gNB  102  shown in  FIG. 3B  is for illustrative purposes only, and other gNBs of  FIG. 1  can have the same or similar configuration. However, a gNB has various configurations, and  FIG. 3B  does not limit the scope of the disclosure to any specific implementation of a gNB. It should be noted that the first gNB  101  and the third gNB  103  can include the same or similar structures as the second gNB  102 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3B , the second gNB  102  includes a plurality of antennas  370   a - 370   n , a plurality of RF transceivers  372   a - 372   n , a transmission (TX) processing circuit  374 , and a reception (RX) processing circuit  376 . One or more of the plurality of antennas  370   a - 370   n  may include a 2D antenna array. The second gNB  102  also includes a controller/processor  378 , a memory  380 , and a backhaul or network interface  382 , 
     The RF transceivers  372   a -  372   n  receive an incoming RF signal from the antennas  370   a -  370   n , such as, for example, a signal transmitted by UEs or other gNBs. The RF transceivers  372   a -  372   n  down-convert the incoming RF signal to generate an IF or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit  376 , where the RX processing circuit  376  generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and/or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuit  376  transmits the processed baseband signal to the controller/processor  378  for further processing.  
     The TX processing circuit  374  receives analog or digital data (e.g., voice data, network data, email, or interactive video game data) from the controller/processor  378 . The TX processing circuit  374  encodes, multiplexes, and/or digitizes outgoing ba.seband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceivers  372   a -  372   n  receive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit  374 , and up-convert the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via the antennas  370   a -  370   n.    
     The controller/processor  378  can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the second gNB  102 . For example, the controller/processor  378  can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceivers  372   a -  372   n , the RX processing circuit  376 , and the TX processing circuit  374  according to well-known principles. The controller/processor  378  can also support additional functions, such as, for example, higher-level wireless communication functions. For example, the controller/processor  378  can perform a blind interference sensing (BIS) process, such as that performed through a BIS algorithm, and decode a received signal from which an interference signal is subtracted. The controller/processor  378  may support any of a variety of other functions in the second gNB  102 . The controller/processor  378  may include at least one microprocessor or microcontroller. 
     The controller/processor  378  is also capable of executing programs and other processes residing in the memory  380 , such as, for example, a basic OS. The controller/processor  378  can also support channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays, as described herein. The controller/processor  378  supports communication between entities, such as web RTCs. The controller/processor  378  can move data into or out of the memory  380  as required by an execution process. 
     The controller/processor  378  is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface  382 . The backhaul or network interface  382  allows the gNB  102  to communicate with other devices or systems through a backhaul connection or through a network. The backhaul or network interface  382  can support communication over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the gNB  102  is implemented as a part of a cellular communication system, such as, for example, a cellular communication system supporting 5G or new radio access technology or NR, UE or LTE-A, the backhaul or network interface  382  can allow the second gNB  102  to  communicate with other gNBs through wired or wireless backhaul connections. When the second gNB  102  is implemented as an access point, the backhaul or network interface  382  can allow the second gNB  102  to communicate with a larger network, such as, for example, the Internet, through a wired or wireless local area network or through a wired or wireless connection. The backhaul or network interface  382  includes any suitable structure that supports communication through a wired or wireless connection, such as, for example, an Ethernet or an RF transceiver. 
     The memory  380  is coupled to the controller/processor  378 . A part of the memory  380  can include a RAM, while another part of the memory  380  can include a flash memory or other ROMs. A plurality of instructions, such as the BIS algorithm, may be stored in the memory. The plurality of instructions are configured to cause the controller/processor  378  to execute the BIS process and decode the received signal after subtracting at least one interference signal determined by the BIS algorithm. 
     As described in greater detail below, the transmission and reception paths of the second gNB  102  (implemented using RF transceivers  372   a -  372   n , TX processing circuit  374  and/or RX processing circuit  376 ) support aggregated communication with FDD cells and TDD cells. 
     Although  FIG. 3B  illustrates an example of the second gNB  102 , various changes may be made to  FIG. 3B . For example, the second gNB  102  can include any number of each component shown in  FIG. 3A . As a specific example, the access point can include many backhaul or network interfaces  382 , and the controller/processor  378  can support routing functions to route data between different network addresses. As another specific example, although shown as including a single instance of the TX processing circuit  374  and a single instance of the RX processing circuit  376 , the second gNB  102  can include multiple instances of the TX processing circuit  374  and/or the RX processing circuit  376 . 
     In a wireless communication system, it takes a period of processing time for a terminal to transmit an uplink signal or receive a signal. For example, the minimum time required for the UE to receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and perform operations such as decoding is usually referred to as the minimum processing delay for PDCCH or PDSCH reception. The minimum time required for the UE to transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a PUCCH and perform operations such as encoding is usually referred to as the minimum processing delay for PUSCH or PUCCH  transmission preparation. These minimum processing delays are related to the structure of the channel, subcarrier spacing, and UE capabilities for processing. In addition, if the beam used to transmit or receive the signal changes, or the operating frequency point changes, the processing time required will also change. 
     In order to determine the time resources of the PDSCH, or PUSCH, or PUCCH, the UE needs to determine the slot/sub-slot in which these physical channels are located, and the symbol index in the slot/sub-slot. Among them, the slot/sub-slot where the PDSCH is located is determined according to K0, which is also called the slot/sub-slot offset from PDCCH to PDSCH; the slot/sub-slot where the PUSCH is located is determined according to K2, which is also called the slot/sub-slot from PDCCH to PUSCH; the slot/sub-slot where PUCCH is located is determined according to K1, which is also called the time delay from PDSCH to HARQ feedback. 
     Generally, the more reasonable K0 and/or K1 and/or K2 corresponding to different subcarrier spacing (SCS) are different, because it needs to consider minimum processing delays for UE to process the corresponding physical channel with respect to the values of K0 and/or K1 and/or K2. These minimum processing delays change with subcarrier spacing. The processing delay includes at least one of PDCCH processing delay, PDSCH processing delay, PUSCH processing delay, and PUCCH processing delay. The K1 and K2 indicated by the base station cannot be less than the corresponding minimum processing delay. If the K0 indicated by the base station is less than the PDSCH processing delay, the UE needs to buffer the signal within a certain period of time to be processed after the PDCCH is demodulated. In order to flexibly support multiple subcarrier spacings, the time offset can be determined based on the subcarrier spacing. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a signal transmission method performed by a UE, according to an embodiment. 
     At S 401 , the UE receives a downlink signal. 
     At S 402 , the UE determines the transmission/reception time resource of the next signal based on the subcarrier spacing. The time resource is determined based on the slot where the downlink signal is located and the time offset related to the subcarrier spacing. 
     Hereinafter, the method of  FIG. 4  is described assuming that the downlink signal received at S 401  is a PDSCH, and the next signal at S 402  is a PUCCH transmission. However, it should be understood that the method proposed herein is not limited to this. This method is also  applicable to the scenarios in which the downlink signal received at S 401  is a PDCCH and the next signal at S 402  is a PDSCH reception, or the downlink signal received at S 401  is a PDCCH and the next signal at S 402  is a PUSCH transmission. 
     The time offset corresponding to the subcarrier spacing is determined based on the basic time offset and an offset related to the subcarrier spacing. The time offset of the subcarrier spacing may be one set of basic time offsets K0 and/or K1 and/or K2 applicable to all subcarrier spacings pre-defined by standards and/or configured by the base station, and offsets related to one or one group of subcarrier spacing pre-defined by standards and/or configured by the base station. Taking K1 as an example, the set of basic time offset K1 pre-defined by the standards is K={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}, which is applicable to all subcarrier spacings, and one K1 from the set is indicated to the UE by the base station. A set of Δ is pre-defined by the standards, where each value (Δμ PUCCH ) is determined according to the PUCCH subcarrier spacing (μ PUCCH ). If the PDSCH is located in slot n, the slot of PUCCH where the HARQ-ACK of the PDSCH is located is n+K1+Δμ PUCCH . Table 1 gives one example of Δμ PUCCH . For another example, the PUSCH time resource allocation table is pre-defined by the standards, which includes the parameter K2 for indicating the slot of the PUSCH, parameters S and L for indicating the start symbol and the time length of the PUSCH, where the value of K2 includes the basic time offset applicable to all subcarrier spacing and the offset related to the subcarrier spacing. The UE determines K2 according to the subcarrier spacing of PUSCH. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 μPUCCH 
                 Δ 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 0, 1, 2, 3 (SCS = 15, 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 30, 60, 120 KHz) 
               
               
                   
                 4 (SCS = 240 KHz) 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 5 (SCS = 480 KHz) 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 6 (SCS = 960 KHz) 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
      Preferably, the offset is only applicable to a specific downlink control information (DCI) format. For example, the specific DCI format includes the fallback DCI format. The offset of K1 is only applicable to the fallback DCI format, and is applicable to the PUCCH corresponding to the PDSCH scheduled by DCI 1_0. The K1 of the normal DCI format is determined according to the set of K1 configured by the base station. 
     The offset may only be applicable before the radio resource control (RRC) connection is established. 
     The offset may only be applicable to a specific channel. For example, the configured offset of K1 only applies to PUCCH of MsgB or Msg 4. 
     The offset may only be applicable to a specific PDCCH search space and/or radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). For example, the offset of K2 is only applicable to the PUSCH scheduled in the search space (SS) of CORESET 0. For example, the offset of K0 is applicable to the PDSCH scheduled in SS of Type 0 and scheduled by the PDCCH scrambled with system information-RNTI (SI-RNTI). 
     The offset may only be applicable to time information configured by a specific high-level signaling. For example, the offset is only applicable to the pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList configured in the system information. For example, the offset is only applicable to pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList configured in pusch-ConfigCommon. It is not applicable to punch-TimeDomainAllocationList configured in pusch-Config. For example, the offset is only applicable to the pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationList configured in the system information. For example, the offset is only applicable to the pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationList configured in pdsch-ConfigCommon. It is not applicable to pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationfist configured in pdsch-Config. 
     The time offset corresponding to the suhcarrier spacing may be pre-defined (for example, pre-defined by standards) and/or configured by the base station. According to the subcarrier spacing, the set of K0 and/or the set of K1 and/or the set of K2 are pre-defined by the standards and/or configured by the base station, respectively. Taking K1 as an example, for example, two sets of K1 K 1,1 ={1,2,3,4,5,6}, K 1,2 ={3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, are pre-defined by the  standard. The set of K1 is K 1,1 , if the subcarrier spacing of PUCCH μ PUCCH &lt;4, and the set of K1 is K 1,2 , if the set of μ PUCCH ≥4. 
     If the subcarrier spacing of the downlink signal in step 1 is different from that of the next signal in step 2, the time offset corresponding to the subcarrier spacing may be determined according to the largest subcarrier spacing; or the time offset corresponding to the subcarrier spacing may be determined according to the maximum value of the time length for the time offsets corresponding to the different subcarrier spacings. 
     If the downlink signal in step 1 is PDSCH, the next signal in step 2 is PUCCH, and the PDSCH is a PDSCH scheduled based on PDCCH, the time offset corresponding to the subcarrier spacing may be determined according to the maximum subcarrier spacing among subcarrier spacings of PDCCH, PDSCH, and PUCCH; or the time offset corresponding to the subcarrier spacing may be determined according to the maximum value of the time length for the time offsets corresponding to the different subcarrier spacings. 
     As described above, it is possible to indicate appropriate time resource information under the scenarios of various subcarrier spacings, to ensure scheduling flexibility of each user and to save signaling overhead, 
     In a communication system, such as a beamforming-based system, if the transmission node or reception node needs to use different beams to transmit or receive signals on different resources, it usually takes a period of time to switch the beams, denoted as T beam_switch . In some cases, the length of T beam_switch  is not negligible relative to one orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. For example, the time length for one OFDM symbol with a subcarrier spacing of 960 KHz is about 1.1 microseconds and a T beam_switch  is about 3 microseconds, and the transmission node or reception node needs a time length of about 3 OFDM symbols to perform beam switching. If the transmission of one signal is based on beam 1 and the end symbol index of the signal is i, while the transmission of another signal is based on beam 2 and the start symbol index of the signal is j, then the number of symbol corresponding to j−i≥T beam_switch  is needed. If the interval between the signals of the two different beams is less than T beam_switch , the transmission node or reception node may not have time to switch, which may affect the transmission or reception of at least one of the signals.  
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a UE in a communication system, according to an embodiment. At S 501 , the UE determines the minimum time interval for beam switching. At S 502 , if the beam characteristics associated with the first signal and the second signal are different, and the time interval between the first signal and the second signal is less than the minimum time interval, the UE determines to receive/transmit at least one of the first signal and the second signal. 
     A minimum time interval Ngap can be pre-defined by standards or configured by the base station. When the time interval between the first signal and the second signal is less than Ngap, it is necessary to receive or transmit at least one of the signals according to certain rules. The first signal and the second signal are based on different beams. The minimum time interval Ngap is related to SCS. Preferably, the different beams are embodied as different quasi co-location (QCL)-TypeD characteristics, If the QCL-Type characteristics are the same, it means that the same spatial domain reception parameters (spatial Rx parameters) can be used. QCL information can be indicated by a transmission configuration indicator (TCI). 
     At S 502 , the UE determines to receive/transmit one of the first signal and the second signal, and the one signal is determined based on one or more of the following rules: 
     If the first signal and the second signal are both downlink control signals: 
     If a search space of one control signal is the common search space (CSS), then the control signal is determined to be the one signal; 
     If search spaces of the two control signals are both CSS, then the control signal with the smallest CSS index value is determined as the one signal; 
     If search spaces of the two control signals are both UE-specific search space (USS), then the control signal with the smallest USS index value is determined to be the one signal; 
     If the first signal and the second signal are both uplink control signals, then the one signal is determined based on priority and/or whether the uplink control signal is based on scheduling:
         A signal with a high priority is determined to be the one signal;   In the case that priorities are the same, if the first signal is an uplink control signal based on scheduling and the second signal is an uplink control signal  based on configuration, then the first signal based on scheduling is determined to be the one signal;   If the first signal is an uplink control signal based on scheduling and the second signal is an uplink control signal based on configuration, the first signal based on scheduling is determined to be the one signal;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are a downlink control signal and a data signal/reference signal, respectively, then the one signal is a downlink control signal; 
     If the first signal and the second signal are an uplink control signal and an uplink data signal, respectively:
         The uplink control signal is determined to be the one signal; or   A signal with a high priority is determined to be the one signal;   In the case that priorities are the same, the uplink control signal is determined to be the one signal; or   In the case that priorities are the same, the signal based on scheduling is determined to be the one signal;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are both data signals, then the one signal is determined based on priority and/or whether the data signal is based on scheduling:
         A data signal with a high priority is determined to be the one signal;   In the case that priorities are the same, the data signal based on scheduling is determined to be the one signal;   The data signal based on scheduling is determined to be the one signal;   The data signal with earlier reception/transmission time is determined to be the one signal;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are physical random access channel (PRACH) signal and other uplink signals, respectively:
         The PRACH signal is determined to be the one signal;   If the first signal is the PRACH signal of the primary cell (Pcell), then the first signal is determined to be the one signal;   If the first signal is the PRACH signal of the secondary cell (Scell), then the second signal is determined to be the one signal.        

     At S 502 , determining to transmit at least one of the first signal and the second signal by the UE includes that the UE determines to receive/transmit both the first signal and the second signal, and the method further includes that the UE determines the beam for receiving/transmitting both the first signal and the second signal based on one or more of the following rules: 
     If the first signal and the second signal are both downlink control signals:
         If a search space of one control signal is the common search space (CSS), the beam of the control signal is determined to be the beam;   If search spaces of the two control signals are both CSS, then the beam of the control signal with the smallest CSS index value is determined to be the beam;   If search spaces of the two control signals are both UE-specific search space (USS), then the beam of the control signal with the smallest USS index value is determined to be the beam;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are both uplink control signals, then the beam is determined based on priority and/or whether the uplink control signal is based on scheduling:
         The beam of a signal with a high priority is determined to be the beam;   In the case that priorities are the same, if the first signal is an uplink control signal based on scheduling and the second signal is an uplink control signal based on configuration, then the first signal based on scheduling is determined to be the beam;   If the first signal is an uplink control signal based on scheduling and the second signal is an uplink control signal based on configuration, the first signal based on scheduling is determined to be the beam;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are a downlink control signal and a data signal/reference signal, respectively, then the beam of the downlink control signal is determined to be the beam; 
     If the first signal and the second signal are an uplink control signal and an uplink data signal, respectively:
         The beam of the uplink control signal is determined to be the beam; or   The beam of the signal with a high priority is determined to be the beam;    In the case that priorities are the same, the beam of the uplink control signal is determined to be the beam; or   In the case that priorities are the same, the beam of the signal based on scheduling is determined to be the beam;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are both data signals, then the beam is determined based on priority andlor whether the data signal is based on scheduling:
         The beam of the data signal with a high priority is determined to be the beam;   In the case that priorities are the same, the beam of the data signal based on scheduling is determined to be the beam;   The beam of the data signal based on scheduling is determined to be the beam;   The beam of the data signal with the earlier reception/transmission time is determined to be the beam;       

     If the first signal and the second signal are the PRACH signal and other uplink signals:
         The beam of the PRACH signal is determined to be the beam;   If the first signal is the PRACH signal of the Pcell, then the beam of the first signal is determined to be the beam;   If the first signal is the PRACH signal of the secondary cell (Scell), then the beam of the second signal is determined to be the beam.       

     The scenarios, in which transmitting/receiving signals are determined according to the above rules, are shown below: 
     (1) If the first signal and the second signal are both PDCCHs, and the time interval between the end position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located and the start position of the search space where the PDCCH of the second signal is located is less than Ngap, the UE only receives one of the signals. The received signal satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
         (1.1) If at least one of the search spaces of the two signals is a common search space (CSS), the received signal satisfies that the search space of the signal is CSS. And if there are multiple CSSs, the received signal satisfies that the CSS of the signal is of smallest CSS index value.    (1.2) lithe search spaces of the two signals are both the user-specific search space (USS), the received signal satisfies that the search space of the signal is USS and the USS index value of the signal is the smallest.   (1.3) If at least one of the search spaces of the two signals is a typel CSS, the received signal is a signal in the typel CSS.       

     (2) If the first signal is PDSCH, the second signal is PDSCH, and the time interval between the end position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located and the start position of the PDSCH of the second signal is located is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the PDSCH of the second signal and the start position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located is less than Ngap, then the UE only receives the first signal PDCCH. 
     (3) If the first signal is PDCCH, the second signal is CSI-RS, and the time interval between the end position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located and the start position of the CSI-RS of the second signal is located is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the CSI-RS of the second signal and the start position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located is less than Ngap, then the UE only receives the first signal PDCCH. 
     (4) If the first signal is PDCCH, the second signal is CSI-RS, and the time interval between the end position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located and the start position of the CSI-RS of the second signal is located is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the CSI-RS of the second signal and the start position of the search space where the PDCCH of the first signal is located is less than Ngap, then the UE receives the PDCCH and the CSI-RS according to the beam direction for PDCCH reception. 
     (5) If the first signal is PDSCH, the second signal is CSI-RS, and the time interval between the end position of the PDSCH of the first signal and the start position of the CSI-RS of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the CSI-RS of the second signal and the start position of the PDSCH of the first signal is less than Ngap, then the UE only receives one of the signals. If the CSI-RS  is an aperiodic CSI-RS triggered based on the PDCCH and the PDSCH is an SPS PDSCH, then the IJE only receives the CSI-RS, otherwise, the UE receives the PDSCH. 
     (6) If the first signal is PDSCH, the second signal is CSI-RS, and the time interval between the end position of the PDSCH of the first signal and the start position of the CSI-RS of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the CSI-RS of the second signal and the start position of the PDSCH of the first signal is less than Ngap, then the UE receives these two signals according to the beam direction of one of the signals. If the CSI-RS is an aperiodic CSI-RS triggered based on the PDCCH and the PDSCH is an SPS PDSCH, then the UE receives these two signals based on the beam for CSI-RS reception; otherwise, the UE receives these two signals based on the beam for PDSCH reception. 
     (7) If the first signal is PDSCH 1 , the second signal is PDSCH 2 , and the time interval between the end position of PDSCH 1  and the start position of PDSCH 2  is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PDSCH 2  and the start position of PDSCH 1  is less than Ngap, then the UE only receives one of the signals. The received signal can be determined according to at least one of the following methods:
         (7.1) If the priorities of PDSCH 1  and PDSCH 2  are different, the received signal is a signal with a higher priority. The priority may be determined according to the priority configured or indicated by the base station.   (7.2) If the priority of PDSCH 1  and PDSCH 2  are the same: PDSCH 1  is scheduled based on PDCCH and PDSCH 2  is an SPS PDSCH, then the UE only receives PDSCH 1 , otherwise, the UE receives the earlier PDSCH in time.   (7.3) If PDSCH 1  is scheduled based on PDCCH and PDSCH 2  is SPS PDSCH, the only receives PDSCH 1 , otherwise, the UE, receives the one PDSCH earlier in time.       

     (8) If the first signal is PDSCH 1 , the second signal is PDSCH 2 , and the time interval between the end position of PDSCHI and the start position of PDSCH 2  is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PDSCH 2  and the start position of PDSCH 1  is less than Ngap, then the UE receives these two signals according to the beam  direction of one of the signals. The rules for determining the beam direction can refer to the rules in (7). 
     (9) If the first signal is PDSCH 1 , the second signal is PDSCH 2 , and the time interval between the end position of PDSCHI and the start position of PDSCH 2  is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PDSCH 2  and the start position of PDSCH 1  is less than Ngap, then the UE only transmits one of the signals. The transmitted signal can be determined according to at least one of the following methods:
         (9.1) If the priorities of PUSCH 1  and PUSCH 2  are different, the transmitted signal is a signal with a higher priority. The priority may be determined according to the priority configured or indicated by the base station.   (9.2) If the priority of PUSCH 1  and PUSCH 2  are the same: If PUSCH 1  is scheduled based on PDCCH and PUSCH 2  is a CG PUSCH, then the UE only transmits PUSCH 1 ; otherwise, the UE transmits the earlier PUSCH in time.   (9.3) If PUSCH 1  is scheduled based on PDCCH and PUSCH 2  is a CG PUSCH, the UE only transmits PUSCH 1 , otherwise, the UE transmits the one PUSCH earlier in time.       

     (10) If the first signal is PUSCH 1 , the second signal is PUSCH 2 , and the time interval between the end position of PUSCH 1  and the start position of PUSCH 2  is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PUSCH 2  and the start position of PUSCH 1  is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of one of the signals. The rules for determining the beam direction can refer to the rules in (9). 
     (11) If the first signal is PUCCH 1 , the second signal is PUCCH 2 , and the time interval between the end position of PUCCH 1  and the start position of PUCCH 2  is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PUCCH 2  and the start position of PUCCH 1  is less than Ngap, then the UE only transmits one of the signals. The transmitted signal can be determined according to at least one of the following methods:
         (11.1) If the priorities of PUCCH 1  and PUCCH 2  are different, the transmitted signal is a signal with a higher priority.    The priority may be determined according to the priority configured or indicated by the base station. The priority may be determined according to the type of uplink control information, for example, HARQ-ACK≥SR&gt;CSI. The priority may be determined according to the priority and the type of uplink control information configured or indicated by the base station.   (11.2) If the priority of PUCCH 1  and PUCCH 2  are the same: If PUCCH 1  is scheduled based on PDCCH and PUCCH 2  is a PUCCH configured by a higher layer, then the UE only transmits PUCCH 1 ; otherwise, the UE transmits the PUCCH earlier in time   (11.3) If PUCCH 1  is scheduled based on PDCCH and PUCCH 2  is configured by higher lavers, then the UE only transmits PUCCH 1 ; otherwise, the UE transmits the PUCCH earlier in time.       

     (12) If the first signal is PUCCH 1  and the second signal is PUCCH 2 , and the time interval between the end position of PUCCH 1  and the start position of PUCCH 2  is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PUCCH 2  and the start position of PUCCH 1  is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of one of the signals. The rules for determining the beam direction can refer to the rules in (11). 
     (13) If the first signal is PUCCH, second signal is PUSCH, and the time interval between the end position of PUCCH and the start position of PUSCH is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of PUSCH and the start position of PUCCH is less than Ngap, then the UE only transmits one of the signals. The transmitted signal can be determined according to at least one of the fol lowing methods:
         (13.1) If the priorities of PUCCH and PUSCH are different, the transmitted signal is a signal with a higher priority.   (13.2) If the priorities of PUCCH and PUSCH are the same, then PUCCH is transmitted.   (13.3) If the priorities of PUCCH and PUSCH are the same:        

     If the PUSCH is scheduled based on the PUCCH and the PUCCH is a PUCCH configured by a higher layer, then the UE only transmits the PUSCH; otherwise, the UE transmits the PUCCH.
         (13.4) Transmits PUCCH.   (13.5) If the PUSCH is scheduled based on the PDCCH and the PUCCH is a PUCCH configured by a higher layer, then the UE only transmits the PUSCH; otherwise, the UE transmits the PUCCH.       

     (14) If the first signal is PUCCH, the second signal is PUSCH, and the time interval between the end position of the PUCCH and the start position of the PUSCH is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the PUSCH and the start position of the PUCCH is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of one of the signals. The rules for determining the beam direction can refer to the rules in (13). 
     (15) If the first signal is PRACH of the Pcell, the second signal is PUCCH, PUSCH or sounding reference signal (SRS), and the time interval between the end position of the PRACH and the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the second signal and the start position of the PRACH is less than Ngap, the UE only transmits one of the signals and the transmitted signal is PRACH. 
     (16) if the first signal is PRACH of the SCell, the second signal is PUCCH or PUSCH, and the time interval between the end position of PRACH and the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the second signal and the start position of PRACH is less than Ngap then the UE only transmits one of the signals and the transmitted signal is the second signal. 
     (17) If the first signal is PRACH, the second signal is PUCCH, PUSCH or SRS, and the time interval between the end position of PRACH and the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the second signal and the start position of PRACH is less than Ngap, then the UE only transmits one of the signals and the transmitted signal is PRACH. 
     (18) If the first signal is the PRACH of the Pcell, the second signal is PUCCH, PUSCH or SRS, and the time interval between the end position of the PRACH and the start  position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the second signal and the start position of the PRACH is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of the PRACH. 
     (19) If the first signal is PRACH of Scell, the second signal is PUCCH or PUSCH, and the time interval between the end position of PRACH and the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the second signal and the start position of PRACH is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits the these two signals according to the beam direction of the second signal. 
     (20) If the first signal is PRACH, the second signal is PUCCH, PUSCH or SRS, and the time interval between the end position of PRACH and the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the second signal and the start position of PRACH is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of the PRACH. 
     (21) If the first signal is a PUCCH bearing HARQ-ACK, SR, or a link recovery request, the second signal is SRS, and the time interval between the end position of the PUCCH and the start position of the SRS is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the SRS and the start position of the PUCCH is less than Ngap, then the UE only transmits PUCCH. 
     (22) If the first signal is a PUCCH bearing HARQ-ACK, SR, or a link recovery request, the second signal is an SRS, and the time interval between the end position of the PUCCH and the start position of the SRS is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the SRS and the start position of the PUCCH is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of the PUCCH. 
     (23) If the first signal is a PUCCH bearing periodic CSI or periodic L1-Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)/L1-signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), the second signal is aperiodic SRS, and the time interval between the end position of the PUCCH and the start position of the SRS is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the SRS and the start position of the PUCCH is less than Ngap, then the UE only transmits aperiodic SRS.  
     (24) If the first signal is a PUCCH bearing periodic CSI or periodic L1-R SRP/L1-SINR, the second signal is an aperiodic SRS, and the time interval between the end position of the PUCCH and the start position of the SRS is less than Ngap, or the time interval between the end position of the SRS and the start position of the PUCCH is less than Ngap, then the UE transmits these two signals according to the beam direction of the aperiodic SRS. 
     If the signal that cannot be transmitted is SRS, the UE may abandon transmitting SRS symbols that do not satisfy the Ngap time interval, and the UE can transmit the remaining SRS symbols. For example, the SRS resource is of 6 symbols. The first 2 symbols do not satisfy the Ngap time interval, and the UE transmits the last 4 symbols. 
     If the signal that cannot be transmitted is CSI-RS, the UE may abandon transmitting CSI-RS symbols that do not satisfy the Ngap time interval, and the UE can transmit the remaining CSI-RS symbols. For example, the CSI-RS resource is of 6 symbols. The first 2 symbols do not satisfy the Nag time interval, and the UE transmits the last 4 symbols, 
     The base station or UE, should avoid that the time interval from the end position of the first signal to the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap, or in other words, the base station or UE does not expect that the time interval from the end position of the first signal to the start position of the second signal is less than Ngap. 
     The above-described method may be applicable to the transmission and reception of signals based on different beams on the same carrier, or it may be applicable to the transmission and reception of signals based on different beams on different carriers in the same frequency band. 
     The base station may schedule multiple PDSCH or PUSCH transmissions through one DCI, and the time resources of multiple PDSCHs or PUSCHs indicated by the DCI may be continuous. If multiple adjacent PDSCHs or PUSCHs are based on different beams, then the start symbol and end symbol of these PDSCHs are determined according to the indicated time resource and Ngap, in accordance with the pre-defined rules. For example, the number of symbols L is determined according to Ngap, so that the time length of the number of symbols L is not less than the time length of Ngap. Assuming that PDSCH 1  and PDSCH 2  are scheduled by one DCI, the start of PDSCH 1  indicated by the respective time resource information SLIV1 and SLIV2 is the symbol L S1 , the end symbol of PDSCH 1  is L E1 , the start of PDSCH2 is the symbol L S2 , and the  end symbol of PDSCH 2  is L E2 , and PDSCH 1  and PDSCH 2  are based on different beams, then, the actual end symbol of PDSCH 1  is L E1 -L, and the actual start of PDSCH 2  is symbol L S2 , or the actual end symbol of PDSCHI is L E1 , and the actual start of PDSCH 2  is symbol L S2 -L. 
     The base station may schedule multiple PDSCH or PUSCH transmissions through one DCI, and the base station may indicate the beam information of each PDSCH or PUSCH. The base station configures one or more group of beam information. Each group of beam information includes one or more beam information. For example, one group of beam information includes one or more TCI information. If the number of PDSCHs or PUSCHs scheduled by the base station is N, the number of TCIs included in one group of beam information indicated by the base station is N. If N tci ≥N, the beam information of N or PUSCH is determined according to the first N TCI among the N tci  TCI. The base station needs to ensure that the indication N tci  is not less than N. Or, if N tci &lt;N, the beam information of N PDSCH or PUSCH is determined according to the first TCI, or the beam information of the first N tci  PDSCH or PUSCH is determined according to the indicated N tci  beam information, and the beam information of N-N tci  PDSCH or PUSCH is determined according to one TCI information among the N tci  TCI, for example, determined according to the N tci -th beam information or the first beam information. 
     Accordingly, the transmission and reception of signals using different beams can be better supported. 
     In a wireless communication system, in order to achieve the expected reception performance, it is necessary to determine an appropriate coding rate and transmission power. In some scenarios, the transmission power is limited, for example, in an unlicensed frequency band. The transmission power limitation may be the limitation of the total power of transmission, or the limitation of the power spectral density. 
     Before the RRC connection is established, the base station configures the initial uplink bandwidth part (BWP) for the UE, this configuration is cell-specific, that is, it is applicable to all tiEs in the cell. Before the base station configures dedicated PUCCH resources for the UE, the UE determines the PUCCH resources according to the PUCCH resource set (e.g., Table 2 below) common to the cell. The PUCCH resource set is determined based on the PUCCH resource set table (Table 2). For example, the UE determines the PUCCH resource set of the cell based on the PUCCH resource set and the row index of the PUCCH resource set indicated in the system  information (the row index in Table 2 indicated by pucch-ResourceCommon), including determining the PUCCH format of the PUCCH resource, the position of the first symbol (symbol index of the start symbol), the number of symbols, physical resource block (PRB) offset of the frequency domain start, and the initial cyclic shift (CS) index set. The PUCCH resource set of the cell is common to the cell. The UE determines one PUCCH resource that it can use from the PUCCH resource set of the cell through the PUCCH resource index r PUCCH  (e.g., through the PUCCH resource index (PRI) indicated by the PDCCH or by the Msg 2 PDSCH). Herein, the PUCCH resource set and the PUCCH resource set table can be used interchangeably. 
     Since there are few HARQ-ACK bits that need to be transmitted (e.g., 1 bit) before the RRC connection is established, usually 1 PRB PUCCH resource is sufficient to provide a lower bit rate. For a UE at the edge of a cell, all the transmission power can be concentrated on this PRB to transmit PUCCH, so as to guarantee the performance of the PUCCH. For the UE at the center of the cell, even less power is used to transmit PUCCH of this PRB, the performance of the PUCCH can be guaranteed. Therefore, each PUCCH resource in Table 2 is of 1 PRB. The UE can determine the PRB information of its PUCCH resource according to the PUCCH resource index r PUCCH  and the PUCCH resource set of the cell. For example, the UE determines that the PRB index of the first frequency hopping part in frequency domain of the PUCCH resource with the PUCCH index number of r PUCCH  is RB BWP   offset +└r PUCCH /N CS ┘, PRB index of the second frequency hopping part in frequency domain of the PUCCH resource is N BWP   size −1−RB BWP   offset −└r PUCCH /N CS ┘. Ncs is the total number of all cyclic shift CSs in the PUCCH resource set. For example, the row of index 3 in Table 2 is the PUCCH resource set of this cell; and according to the last column (column 6) and the row of index 3 in the table, 2 Ncs in total, namely {0, 6}, is determined. RB BWP   offset  is the RB offset relative to the edge of the BWP; and according to the fifth column and the row of index 3 in the table, it is determined RB BWP   offset =0, N BWP   size  is the bandwidth of the BWP. 
     However, in some scenarios, the UE may not be able to use the maximum total transmission power that the UE can support on one PRB. For example, in unlicensed frequency bands in some regions, not only the maximum total transmission power is limited, but also the power spectral density (PSD) is limited. For example, PSD=23 dBm/MHz, and maximum total transmission power=40 dBm. Then, when the bandwidth of one PRB transmitted by the UE is close to the unit bandwidth of the PSI) (e.g., the subcarrier spacing SCS=120 KHz, the bandwidth of one  PRB is 1.44 MHz, which has exceeded the unit bandwidth of the PSD), the transmission power of one PRB is limited by PSD, and the UE cannot transmit 40 dBm. That is, the maximum total transmission power cannot be fully used. This will cause UEs at the edge of the relative cell to be unable to guarantee the reception performance of the PUCCH on the base station side. In this scenario, the transmission power of UE can be improved by using PUCCH resources of multiple PRBs. For example, 30 PRBs can be configured to make full use of the total transmission power. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 PUCCH resource set before dedicated 
               
               
                 PUCCH resource configuration 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 PUCCH 
                 The position of 
                 Number of 
                 PRB offset 
                 Initial CS 
               
               
                 index 
                 Format 
                 the first symbol 
                 symbols 
                 RB BWP   offset   
                 index set 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 12 
                 2 
                 0 
                 {0, 3} 
               
               
                 1 
                 0 
                 12 
                 9 
                 0 
                 {0, 4, 8} 
               
               
                 2 
                 0 
                 12 
                 9 
                 3 
                 {0, 4, 8} 
               
               
                 3 
                 1 
                 10 
                 4 
                 0 
                 {0, 6} 
               
               
                 4 
                 1 
                 10 
                 4 
                 0 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 5 
                 1 
                 10 
                 4 
                 2 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 6 
                 1 
                 10 
                 4 
                 4 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 7 
                 1 
                 4 
                 10 
                 0 
                 {0, 6} 
               
               
                 8 
                 1 
                 4 
                 10 
                 0 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 9 
                 1 
                 4 
                 10 
                 2 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 10 
                 1 
                 4 
                 10 
                 4 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 11 
                 1 
                 0 
                 14 
                 0 
                 {0, 6} 
               
               
                 12 
                 1 
                 0 
                 14 
                 0 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 13 
                 1 
                 0 
                 14 
                 2 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 14 
                 1 
                 0 
                 14 
                 4 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                 15 
                 1 
                 0 
                 14 
                 └N BWP   size /4┘ 
                 {0, 3, 6, 9} 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a PUCCH transmission method, according to an embodiment.  
     At S 601 , the UE determines the resource set of the serving cell. 
     At S 602 , the UE determines one PUCCH resource according to the PUCCH resource index indicated by the base station and the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell, 
     At S 603 , the UE transmits the PUCCH on the determined PUCCH resource. 
     One or more PUCCH resource sets may be pre-defined (e.g., defined by standards). The case where multiple resource sets are pre-defined and the case where one resource set is pre-defined are described below. 
     First, the case where multiple resource sets are pre-defined is described. 
     In the case where multiple PUCCH resource sets (e.g., 2 PUCCH resource sets, or 2 PUCCH resource set tables) are pre-defined (e.g., defined by standards), at S 601 , the UE determines the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell by determining, according to a pre-defined rule, which PUCCH resource set to use or which PUCCH resource sets to use, as the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell. 
     The UE determines one subset of the PUCCH resource set as the PUCCH resource set of the cell according to the indication in the system information by the base station. For example, with the row index i indicated by pucch-ResourceCommon in the system information, a row with index i in the PUCCH resource set is selected as the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell. Taking Table 2 as an example, assuming that the row index indicated by pucch-ResourceCommon is i=3, the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell is shown in Table 3 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 PUCCH 
                 The position of 
                 Number of 
                 PRB offset 
                 Initial CS 
               
               
                 index 
                 Format 
                 the first symbol 
                 symbols 
                 RB BWP   offset   
                 index set 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 3 
                 1 
                 10 
                 4 
                 0 
                 {0, 6} 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From among the multiple PUCCH resource set tables, the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource in at least one PUCCH resource set table may be a single PRB, and the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource in at least one PUCCH resource set table may be multiple PRBs.  
     The pre-defined rules for determining the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell include one or more of the following rules: 
     Rule 1: The UE determines which PUCCH resource set table to use according to system information. 
     Rule 2: In the case that the PUCCH: resource set table is bound to the frequency point, the UE may determine the PUCCH resource set table of the corresponding serving cell according to the frequency point of the carrier of the accessing cell. 
     Rule 3: In the case that the PUCCH resource set table is bound to a frequency point and region, the UE may determine the PUCCH resource set table of the corresponding serving cell according to the frequency point of the carriers of the accessing cell and the located area. For example, for a frequency point at 60 GHz and a location in Europe, the UE determines to use PUCCH resource set table 4, and for a frequency point at 60 Ciriz and a location in China, the UE determines to use PUCCH resource set table 2. 
     One PUCCH resource set table may be a PUCCH resource set table supported by the serving cell by default, as shown in Table 2, and it may be determined whether another PUCCH resource set table is supported according to the method described above. 
     For the same cell, multiple PUCCH resource set tables can be supported. For example, the cell supports one PUCCH resource set table 2 by default, and determines whether to support another PUCCH resource set table 4 according to one of the methods described above. 
     All UEs in the same cell may use the same PUCCH resource set table, for example, the PUCCH resource set table of the serving cell determined based on a pre-defined rule. 
     Multiple UEs in the same cell have different PUCCH resource set tables. For example, for the same serving cell, if the number of PUCCH resource set tables of the serving cell determined based on a pre-defined rule is 2, then for some UEs, the PUCCH resource set table is the first PUCCH resource set table; while for some other UEs, the PUCCH resource set table is the second PUCCH resource set table. For a single UE, it is possible to determine which PUCCH resource set table to use according to a pre-defined rule, that is, determine the optimal PUCCH resource set table. 
     The pre-defined rules for determining the PUCCH resource set table for the UE include one or more of the following:  
     Rule 1: The UE determines its PUCCH resource set according to the unicast indication information from the base station. For example, the base station may indicate one PUCCH resources set through the PDCCH scheduling Msg 4, or through Msg 4 PDSCH. The indication information may be generated by physical layer information, or medium access control (MAC), or RRC information in Msg 4 PDSCH. 
     Rule 2: The UE determines the corresponding PUCCH resource set according to the measured DL RSRP. For example, if the measured RSRP does not exceed a pre-defined threshold, PUCCH resource set 2 is used, otherwise PUCCH resource set 1 is used. 
     Rule 3: UE determines the corresponding PUCCH resource set according to the number of PRBs of Msg 3 PUSCH or the number of repetitions of message 3 PUSCH. For example, if the number of PRBs of Msg 3 PUSCH exceeds a pre-defined threshold, PUCCH resource set 2 is used, otherwise PUCCH resource set 1 is used. 
     Rule 4: The UE determines the corresponding PUCCH resource set according to the number of PRBs of the PRACH transmitted or the resource set of PRACH, For example, if the number of PRBs of the PRACH transmitted exceeds a pre-defined threshold, PUCCH resource set 2 is used, otherwise, PUCCH resource set 1 is used. 
     In some scenarios, the UE may select one PUCCH resource set according to pre-defined rules. For example, according to Rule 2, DL RSRP is used to determine the PUCCH resource set, the UE needs to inform the base station which PUCCH resource set it has selected. The UE informs the base station according to at least one of the following methods: 
     Method 1: The UE informs the base station through PRACH. For example, the base station is informed of the PUCCH resource set selected by the UE through different PRACH resources. The correspondence between the PRACH resource group and the PUCCH resource set table may be pre-defined. 
     Method 2: The UE informs the base station through Msg. A PUSCH. For example, through the physical layer information (for example, physical layer uplink control information) or MAC, or RRC information bearer in the Msg A PUSCH, the base station is informed of the PUCCH resource set selected by the UE. 
     Method 3: The UE informs the base station through Msg 3 PUSCH. For example, through the physical layer information (e.g., physical layer uplink control information) or MAC,  or RRC information bearer in the Msg 3 PUSCH, the base station is informed of the PUCCH resource set selected by the UE. 
     The base station may allocate PUCCH resources to the UE according to the PUCCH resource set informed by the UE. 
     The base station may allocate PUCCH resources to the UE regardless of the PUCCH resource set informed by the UE. The PUCCH resource set information informed by the UE is only used as a reference for the base station to determine the PUCCH resource of the UE. 
     Whether the UE can support PUCCH transmission of multiple PRBs may be a UE capability. The UE needs to report the UE capability to the base station, and the base station can configure an appropriate PUCCH resource set for the UE according to the UE capabilities. The UE can inform the base station through Msg A PUSCH or Msg 3 PUSCH. For example, through the physical layer information (e.g., physical layer uplink control information) or MAC, or RRC information bearer in the Msg A/Msg 3 PUSCH, the UE capability is informed. 
     At S 602 , determining the PUCCH resource according to the PUCCH resource index indicated by the base station and the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell includes determining the PUCCH resources available to the UE based on the PUCCH resource index r PUCCH  indicated by the base station and the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell determined at S 601 . The PUCCH resource index r PUCCH  may be indicated by the base station through PDCCH (e.g., PDCCH scheduling Msg 4), or Msg 4 PUSCH or Msg 2 PUSCH. 
     When the UE determines the PUCCH resource set of a serving cell according to S 601 , the UE determines the number of PRBs of one PUCCH resource. Preferably, in the case that multiple PUCCH resource sets are pre-defined (for example, defined by standards), the number of PRBs of each PUCCH resource in one PUCCH resource set is the same, and the number of PRBs of PUCCH resources in various PUCCH resource set may be different. The UE determines the PUCCH resource set of one serving cell at S 601 , thereby determining the number of PRBs of one PUCCH resource. In the case that multiple PUCCH resource sets are pre-defined (for example, defined by standards), the number of PRBs of each PUCCH resource in one PUCCH resource set may be the same or different, and the number of PRBs of PUCCH resources in each PUCCH resource set may be different, and the number of PRBs of various PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set of one serving cell may be the same. The UE determines the PUCCH resource set of  one serving cell according to S 601 , thereby determining the number of PRBs of one PUCCH resource. 
     At S 603 , the UE transmits the PUCCH on the determined PUCCH resource. 
     The case that a single resource set is pre-defined is described below. 
     In a case where one PUCCH resource set (e.g., Table 2) is pre-defined (e.g., defined by a standard), at S 601 , determining the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell by UE includes determining the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell from among the one PUCCH resource set defined by the standards. 
     At S 302 , determining the PUCCH resource according to the PUCCH resource index indicated by the base station and the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell includes determining the PUCCH resources available to the UE based on the PUCCH resource index r PUCCH  indicated by the base station and the PUCCH resource set of the serving cell determined at S 601 . The PUCCH resource index r PUCCH  may be indicated by the base station through PDCCH (e.g., PUCCH scheduling Msg 4), or Msg 4 PDSCH or Msg 2 PDSCH. 
     Determining the PUCCH resources available to the UE further includes determining the number of PRBs of one PUCCH resource (also referred to as the granularity of frequency domain resources) according to a pre-defined method. For example, the number of PRBs of one PUCCH resource is N1 or N2. Preferably, N1=1, N2 is an integer greater than 1, and N2 is pre-defined by the standard or configured by the base station. The pre-defined rule for determining the number of PRBs of one PUCCH resource is one or more of the following: 
     Rule 1: The UE determines the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the one PUCCH resource according to the system information. For example, the PUCCH resource set is Table 2, the base station indicates in the system information that the row of index 3 in Table 2 is the PUCCH resource set of this cell. And the base station indicates in the system information that the granularity of the frequency domain resources of each PUCCH resource in the PUCCH resource set of the cell is N2 PRBs, for example, N2=4. 
     Rule 2: In the case that the PUCCH resource set table is bound to the frequency point, the UE may determine the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the corresponding PUCCH resource according to the frequency point of the carrier of the accessing cell.  
     Rule 3: In the case that the PUCCH resource set table is bound to a frequency point and region, the UE may determine the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the corresponding PUCCH resource according to the frequency point of the carriers of the accessing cell and the located area. For example, for a frequency point at 60 GHz and a location in Europe, the UE determines that the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is 4 PRBs, and for a frequency point at 60 GHz and a location in China, the UE determines that the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is 1 PRB. 
     Rule 4: The granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is determined according to the PUCCH resource index r PUCCH . For example, pre-defined by standards or configured by base station, in the PUCCH resource set of one cell, the granularity of frequency domain resources of some PUCCH resources is N1 PRBs, and the granularity of frequency domain resources of some PUCCH resources is N2 PRBs. For example, the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource with r PUCCH &gt;R1 is N2 PRBs, and the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource with r PUCCH ≤R1 is N1 PRBs. The UE may determine the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource according to the PUCCH resource index r PUCCH . 
     The granularity N1 of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource may be supported by the serving cell by default, and it may be determined whether another granularity N2 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is supported according to the method described above. 
     For the same cell, the multiple granularities of frequency domain resources of PUCCH resources can be supported. For example, the granularity N1 of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is supported by the serving cell by default, and it is determined whether another granularity N2 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is supported according to the method described above. 
     All UEs in the same cell may instead use the same granularity of frequency domain resources of PUCCH resource. 
     For multiple UEs in the same cell, it may be determined that which granularity of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used with respect to each UE, respectively. The method for determining that which granularity of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH  resource is used with respect to each UE respectively includes at least one of the following methods: 
     Method 1. The UE determines the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource according to the unicast indication information from the base station; 
     Method 2. The UE determines which granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource to use based on pre-defined rules, and informs the base station; and/or 
     Method 3. The UE determines which granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource to use based on pre-defined rules. The base station may determine which granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource to be used by the UE based on the same rule. 
     In Method 1, the base station indicates one granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource for the UE. For example, it is indicated by the base station through the PDCCH scheduling Msg 4, or through Msg 4 PDSCH. The indication information may be generated from the PDCCH, the bit area which is an indication of the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is added to the DCI, or the bit area in the DCI is reused (e.g., the DAI bit field or the NDI bit field). The indication information may be generated from physical layer information, or MAC, or RRC information in Msg 4 PDSCH. 
     In Method 2, the pre-defined rule is at least one or more of the following rules: 
     Rule 1: The UE determines one granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource according to the measured DL RSRP. For example, if the measured RSRP does not exceed a pre-defined threshold, the granularity N2 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used, otherwise the granularity N1 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used. 
     Rule 2: The UE determines the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource according to the number of PRBs of Msg 3 PUSCH or the UE determines the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource according to the number of repetitions of message 3 PUSCH. For example, if the number of PRBs of Msg 3 PUSCH exceeds a pre-defined threshold, the granularity N2 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used, otherwise the granularity N1 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used.  
     Rule 3: The UE determines the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource according to the number of PRBs of the PRACH transmitted or the resource set of PRACH, For example, if the number of PRBs of the PRACH transmitted exceeds a pre-defined threshold, the granularity N2 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used, otherwise the granularity N1 of the frequency domain resource of PUCCH resource is used. 
     In some scenarios, the UE may select one granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource according to the above pre-defined rules, and may inform the base station which granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource it has selected. The UE informs the base station according to at least one of the following methods: 
     Method 1: The UE informs the base station through PRACH. For example, through different PRACH resources, the base station is informed of the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource selected by the UE. The correspondence between the PRACH resource group and the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource may be pre-defined. 
     Method 2: The UE informs the base station through Msg A PUSCH. For example, through the physical layer information (for example, physical layer uplink control information) or MAC, or RRC information bearer in the Msg A PUSCH, the base station is informed of the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource selected by the UE. 
     Method 3: The UE informs the base station through Msg3 PUSCH. For example, through the physical layer information (e.g., physical layer uplink control information) or MAC, or RRC information bearer in the Msg3 PUSCH, the base station is informed of the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource selected by the UE. 
     The information on the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource informed by the UE to the base station may be one single piece of signaling, or may be common to other signaling. For example, one piece of coverage-related signaling is defined by standards, which is associated with one or more coverage-related information. The UE reports the signaling to the base station, and the base station can determine the information on the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource through the signaling, 
     The base station may allocate PUCCH resources to the UE according to the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resources informed by the UE.  
     As a variant of Method 2, the base station may allocate PUCCH resources to the UE regardless of the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resources informed by the UE. The granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resources informed by the UE is only used as a reference for the base station to determine the PUCCH resources of the UE. The base station will indicate to the UE one granularity of a frequency domain resource of a PUCCH resource. For example, it may be indicated by the base station through the PDCCH scheduling Msg 4, or through Msg 4 PDSCH. 
     In Method 3, the UE determines which granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource to use based on the pre-defined rules, and the base station may determine which granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is used by the UE based on the same rules, therefore, there is no need for the UE to report the selected granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource, and there is no need for the base station to indicate the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource neither. For example, both the UE and the base station determine the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource based on the number of PRBs of the Msg 3 PUSCH, or the UE determines the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource according to the number of repetitions of Msg 3 PUSCH. 
     If the granularity of the frequency domain resource of the PUCCH resource is N2, the UE may determine that the start point of PRB of the PUCCH resource with the PUCCH index number of r PUCCH  r PUCCH  is RB BWP   offset N2*└r PUCCH /N CS ┘, and N BWP   size −1−RB BWP   offset −N2* └r PUCCH /N CS ┘, or the start point of PRB of the PUCCH resource is N BWP   size −1−RB BWP   offset −N2* └r PUCCH −X)/N CS ┘, and/or RB BWP   offset +N2*└r PUCCH −X)/N CS ┘. r PUCCH  is determined according to the PUCCH resource index (PRI) indicated in the PDCCH, and Ncs is the total number of all cyclic shift CSs in the PUCCH resource set. For example, the row of index 3 in Table 2 is the PUCCH resource set of this cell, and according to the last column (column 6) and the row of index 3 in the table, 2 Ncs in total, namely {0, 6}, is determined. RB BWP   offset  is the RB offset relative to the edge of the BWP, and according to the fifth column and the row of index 3 in the table, it is determined RB BWP   offset =0. N BWP   size  is is the bandwidth of the BWP. X is a pre-defined positive integer, for example X=8.  
     According to the method described above, the granularity of the frequency domain resources of the PUCCH resource can be determined and the total number Ncs of all cyclic shift CSs in the PUCCH resource set can be determined as well. The value of Ncs and the value of the granularity of frequency domain resources satisfy a pre-defined relationship. 
     At S 603 , PUCCH is transmitted on the PUCCH resource. 
     Through the described method, when the PSD is limited, the UE can still make full use of the maximum transmission power to ensure the coverage of the uplink control channel. In the initial access phase, the probability of the successful random access process is improved. 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating a PUCCH transmission method, according to an embodiment. The PUCCH is PUCCH format 4. 
     At S 701 , a first sequence of length L is generated by the UE. 
     The length L is defined by the standards example, L is the number of REs that can be used for DMRS transmission in 1 PRB(e.g., L=12). The length L may instead be configured by the base station. For example, the base station configures length L=12, or configures length L=the number of PRBs of the PUCCH resource. The first sequence may be a low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) sequence, for example, the sequence  r   u,v (n) given in 3GPP TS 38.211 5.2.2.2, as shown in Equation (1). Mzc is the sequence length (e.g., Mzc=12), u, v are the group number and the serial number in one group, respectively, and as a special case, v=0. φ(n) is given according to Table 5.2.2.2-1/2/3/4 of 3GPP TS 38.211 in this section. 
           r     u,v ( n )=e jφ(n)π/4 , 0 ≤n≤M   ZC −1  (1)
 
     In another example,  r   u,v (n) as shown in Equation (2), wherein Nzc is the largest prime number not greater than Mzc, and Mzc≥36. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                           
                         
                           
                             
                               
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                               n 
                               ⁢ 
                                  
                               mod 
                               ⁢ 
                                   
                               
                                 N 
                                 ZC 
                               
                             
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                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     m 
                                     ⁡ 
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       m 
                                       + 
                                       1 
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   N 
                                   ZC 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         , 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           q 
                           _ 
                         
                         = 
                         
                           
                             
                               N 
                               ZC 
                             
                             · 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 u 
                                 + 
                                 1 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                           / 
                           31 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   2 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In another example, the low PAPR sequence is determined according to the sequence  r   u,v (n) given in 3GPP TS 38.211 5.2.3, as shown in Equation (3). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           r 
                           _ 
                         
                         
                           u 
                           , 
                           v 
                         
                       
                       ( 
                       n 
                       ) 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         1 
                         
                           M 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           ∑ 
                           
                             i 
                             = 
                             0 
                           
                           
                             M 
                             - 
                             1 
                           
                         
                           
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 r 
                                 ~ 
                               
                               
                                 u 
                                 , 
                                 v 
                               
                             
                             ( 
                             i 
                             ) 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             e 
                             
                               
                                 - 
                                 j 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 
                                   2 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   π 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   in 
                                 
                                 M 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
 
                   
                     
                       n 
                       = 
                       0 
                     
                     , 
                     … 
                         
                     , 
                     
                       M 
                       - 
                       1 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   3 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
      At S 702 , a second sequence is generated by the UE. 
     The UE generates the second sequence according to the reference frequency domain resource information, 
     The second sequence may be e iαn , where α is a cyclic shift, and the value of α is determined according to the PRB index where the sequence is located. The index of the PRB is determined with a common resource block 0 as a reference point. Subcarrier 0 of common resource block 0 coincides with a pre-defined point A. Point A can be determined through system information. By taking common resource block 0 as the frequency domain reference point, the value of e iαn  of the second sequence can be determined so that the offsets of UEs located in the same time-frequency resource are the same, regardless of whether the start points of PRB resources occupied by the PUCCH transmitted by these UEs are aligned, and regardless of whether the numbers of PRBs occupied by the PUCCH transmitted by these Lifis are the same. For example, the second sequence corresponding to the OFDM/SC-FDMA symbol 1 is expressed as e jα l n, as shown in Equation (4). m0 is indicated by the base station, which can be indicated explicitly, that is, the value of m0 is indicated, or indicated implicitly, for example, the orthogonal sequence index of PUCCH is indicated and the value of m0 is indicated through the correspondence between the pre-defined orthogonal sequence index and m0. m int  is determined according to the common PRB, for example, m int =X*n CRB   μ , where n CRB   μ  is the number of common PRBs, and X is a positive integer, for example, X=5. F(1) is a function of symbol 1. The second sequence may be e iαn , where α is a cyclic shift, and the value of α is determined according to the PRB index where the sequence is located. The index of the PRB is determined with the first PRB allocated by the PUCCH as a reference point. For example, m int =X*, wherein n RB   μ  is the number of PRBs in the PUCCH resource, and n RB   μ =0, 1 . . . Nprb, Nprb is the number of PRBs of the PUCCH resource. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     α 
                     l 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         2 
                         ⁢ 
                         π 
                       
                       
                         N 
                         sc 
                         RB 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               m 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               m 
                               int 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               F 
                               ⁡ 
                               ( 
                               l 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                            
                         mod 
                         ⁢ 
                           
                         
                           N 
                           sc 
                           
                             R 
                             ⁢ 
                             B 
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   4 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The second sequence may be a spread spectrum sequence or phase rotation sequence w p (i), i=0, 1, 2 . . . , N SF   RS −1, p=(n 0 +n IrB ) mod N SF_0   RS , where n 0  is pre-defined by the standard or configured by the base station, and n IRB  is the number (n CRB   μ ) of common PRBs, N SF_0   RS  is the sequence length of the second sequence. For the n-th spread spectrum sequence, the value of the i-th element of the spread spectrum sequence is 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 w 
                 p 
               
               ( 
               i 
               ) 
             
             = 
             
               e 
               ⁢ 
               j 
               ⁢ 
               
                 
                   
                     2 
                     ⁢ 
                     π 
                     ⁢ 
                     i 
                     ⁢ 
                     p 
                   
                   
                     N 
                     SF 
                     RS 
                   
                 
                 . 
               
             
           
         
       
     
      At S 703 , a third sequence is generated according to the first sequence and the second sequence by the UE. At S 704 , the PUCCH of the third sequence is transmitted by the UE. 
     For example, as shown in Equation (5), the third sequence is: 
         r   u,v ( n )= r   u,v   (α, δ) ( n )=e jαn      r     u,v ( n ), 0 ≤n&lt;M   ZC   (5)
 
     For example, as shown in Equation (6), the third sequence is: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       r 
                       
                         u 
                         , 
                         v 
                       
                     
                     ( 
                     n 
                     ) 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           r 
                           _ 
                         
                         
                           u 
                           , 
                           v 
                         
                       
                       ( 
                       n 
                       ) 
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         w 
                         
                           ⌊ 
                           
                             n 
                             
                               
                                 N 
                                 SF 
                                 RS 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 N 
                                 sc 
                                 
                                   R 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   B 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⌋ 
                         
                       
                       ( 
                       
                         ⌊ 
                         
                           n 
                           / 
                           
                             N 
                             sc 
                             RB 
                           
                         
                         ⌋ 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   6 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     According to Equation (5), the third sequence is generated as follows: for the first sequence of each PRB, multiplying it by a different cyclic shift (CS), and the cyclic shift (CS) corresponds to one second sequence. 
     According to Equation (6), the third sequence is generated as: for the first sequence of each PRB, multiplying it by a different adjustment factor, the one adjustment factor corresponding to each PRB is one element in the second sequence. The adjustment factor of each PRB varies with the PRB index. 
     On multiple PRBs of one PUCCH, the first sequence is the same. If only the first sequence is used, since the first sequence is repeated on multiple PRBs, the PAPR of the PUCCH is larger. In order to reduce PAPR, different rotations in frequency domain/phase/time domain can be added to different. PRBs. Therefore, the second sequence was introduced, Comparing Equation (5) with Equation (6), in Equation (5), the value of ejan multiplied by different subcarriers n of each PRB is different; in Equation (6), the wp(i) multiplied by different subcartiers of each PRB is the same. Because the complexity of the implementation is different, the corresponding PAPR reduction effect is also different, but they are all lower than the PAPR that only uses the first sequence. In this way, not only the PAPR can be reduced, but also the multiplexing of multiple UEs can be supported. The starting points of PUCCH resource for multiple UEs that are multiplexed may be the same or different, and the number of PRBs occupied by PUCCH resources may also be different. 
     Orthogonal sequences in the time domain can also be introduced to support multiplexing between UEs. For example, the F(1) function in Equation (4) is defined as 
     
       
         
           
             
               F 
               ⁡ 
               ( 
               
                 ⌊ 
                 
                   l 
                   
                     N 
                     SF 
                     RS_t 
                   
                 
                 ⌋ 
               
               ) 
             
             , 
           
         
       
     
     where N SFhu RS_t  is the length of the orthogonal sequence in the time dimension. The orthogonal sequence of the time domain can be used in combination with the method described above.  
     Note that the above steps may not be presented in chronological order. All steps can be implemented in one step, or the order of the steps can be exchanged, and finally the second sequence is generated. 
     With the above-described method, PUCCH resource multiplexing of multiple UEs can be supported, uplink transmission dficiency is improved, and PAPR is controlled to be within a reasonable range. 
     For PUCCH of type 1, the UE determines the number of PRBs of PUCCH to be transmitted according to the number of PRBs of PUCCH configured by the base station. For PUCCH of type 2, the UE determines the number of PRBs of PUCCH to be transmitted according to the number of PRB of PUCCH configured by the base station and the number of PRBs calculated according to a pre-defined rule. For example, assuming that the number of PRBs of PUCCH configured by the base station is X1, the number of PRBs calculated by the UE according to the payload of the UCT born by the PUCCH and the maximum bit rate is X2. For PUCCH of type 1, the number of PRBs of PUCCH transmitted by the UE is X1, and for PUCCH of type 2, the number of PRBs of PUCCH transmitted by the UE is min (X1, X2). The PUCCH of type 1 may be determined according to the PUCCH format, for example, PUCCH format 4 is PUCCH of type 1 and PUCCH of type 2 is PUCCH format 2/3. For example, PIJCCH format 4 configured with UE multiplexing parameters (e.g., configure with N SF   PUCCH,4 , or N SF   PUCCH,4 &gt;1) is a PUCCH of type 1, PUCCH format 2/3 and PUCCH format 4 without UE multiplexing parameter being configured are PUCCH of type 2. When configuring the PUCCH resource, the base station may configure which type the PUCCH belongs to. By controlling the number of PRBs of PUCCH by the base station, instead of adjusting by the UE itself, it can be ensured that the UE can make full use of the total transmission power in the case that the PSD is limited. 
     With the above-described method, PUCCH resource multiplexing of multiple UEs can be supported, uplink transmission efficiency is improved, and PAPR is controlled to be within a reasonable range. 
     Although various embodiments are described from the UE side, those skilled in the art will understand that the various embodiments of the present application also include operations on the base station side, and the base station side will perform operations corresponding to those on the UE side.  
       FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating an electronic device, according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to the  FIG. 8 , an electronic device  800  includes a processor (or a controller)  810 , a transceiver  820 , and a memory  830 . However, all of the illustrated components are not essential. The electronic device  800  may be implemented by more or fewer components than those illustrated in  FIG. 8 . In addition, the processor  810  and the transceiver  820  and the memory  830  may be implemented as a single chip. 
     The electronic device  800  may correspond to the electronic device described above, For example, the electronic device  800  may correspond to the terminal or the UE  116  illustrated in  FIG. 3A . 
     The processor  810  may include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the proposed function, process, and/or method. Operation of the electronic device  800  may be implemented by the processor  810 . 
     The transceiver  820  may include a RF transmitter for up-converting and amplifying a transmitted signal, and a RF receiver for down-converting a frequency of a received signal. However, the transceiver  820  may also be implemented by more or fewer components than those illustrated. 
     The transceiver  820  may be connected to the processor  810  and transmit and/or receive a signal. The signal may include control information and data. In addition, the transceiver  820  may receive the signal through a wireless channel and output the signal to the processor  810 . The transceiver  820  may transmit a signal output from the processor  810  through the wireless channel. 
     The memory  830  may store the control information or the data included in a signal obtained by the electronic device  800 . The memory  830  may be connected to the processor  810  and store at least one instruction or a protocol or a parameter for the proposed function, process, and/or method. The memory  830  may include a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD)-ROM, a digital versatile disc (DVD), and/or other storage devices. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a base station, according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to the  FIG. 9 , a base station  900  includes a processor (or a controller)  910 , a transceiver  920  and a memory  930 . However, all of the illustrated components may not be essential. The base station  900  may be implemented by more or fewer components than those  illustrated in  FIG. 9 . In addition, the processor  910  and the transceiver  920  and the memory  930  may be implemented as a single chip. 
     The base station  900  may correspond to the gNB described above, For example, the base station  900  may correspond to the gNB  102  illustrated in  FIG. 3B . 
     The processor  910  may include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the proposed function, process, and/or method. Operation of the base station  900  may be implemented by the processor  910 . 
     The transceiver  920  may include an RF transmitter for up-converting and amplifying a transmitted signal, and a RF receiver for down-converting a frequency of a received signal. However, the transceiver  920  may also be implemented by more or fewer components than those illustrated. 
     The transceiver  920  may be connected to the processor  910  and transmit and/or receive a signal. The signal may include control information and data. In addition, the transceiver  920  may receive the signal through a wireless channel and output the signal to the processor  910 . The transceiver  920  may transmit a signal output from the processor  910  through the wireless channel. 
     The memory  930  may store the control information or the data included in a signal obtained by the base station  900 . The memory  930  may be connected to the processor  910  and store at least one instruction or a protocol or a parameter for the proposed function, process, and/or method. The memory  930  may include a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, and/or other storage devices. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described herein can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in the form of their function sets. Whether such function sets are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described function set in different ways for each specific application, but such design decisions should not be construed as causing a departure from the scope of this application.  
     The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in this application may be implemented or executed by general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DST), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative embodiment, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in cooperation with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. 
     The steps of the method or algorithm described in this application can be directly embodied in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the hardware and software module. The software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) memory, electrically EPROM (EEPROM) memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from/write information to the storage medium. In the alternative embodiment, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in the ASIC. The ASIC may reside in the user terminal. As an alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal. 
     The functions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, each function can be stored on a computer-readable medium or transmitted over a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, the latter including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. 
     Embodiments described herein are only intended for ease of description and to help comprehensive understanding of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Therefore, it should be understood that, except for the embodiments disclosed herein,  all modifications and changes or forms of modifications and changes derived from the technical idea of the present application fall within the scope of the present application. 
     While the disclosure has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure should not be defined as being limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.