Patent Publication Number: US-2021164296-A1

Title: Polycrystalline diamond compact

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/297,718, filed Mar. 11, 2019, now pending, which is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2017/105474 with an international filing date of Oct. 10, 2017, designating the United States, now pending, and further claims foreign priority benefits to Chinese Patent Application No. 201710149094.2 filed Mar. 14, 2017. The contents of all of the aforementioned applications, including any intervening amendments thereto, are incorporated herein by reference. Inquiries from the public to applicants or assignees concerning this document or the related applications should be directed to: Matthias Scholl P.C., Attn.: Dr. Matthias Scholl Esq., 245 First Street, 18th Floor, Cambridge, Mass. 02142. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This disclosure relates to the field of composite materials, and more particularly, to a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC). 
     Polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDCs) are made by combining layers of polycrystalline diamonds (PCDs) with a layer of cemented carbide substrate. PDCs have the advantages of diamond&#39;s wear resistance and carbide&#39;s toughness and are widely used in drill bits. However, conventional PDC drill bits are inefficient in breaking rocks or cutting removal. 
     SUMMARY 
     Disclosed is a polycrystalline diamond compact that is efficient in breaking formations as well as cutting removal. 
     Disclosed is a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising a polycrystalline diamond layer and a cemented carbide substrate. The polycrystalline diamond layer is in the form of a cylinder comprising an upper surface, a bottom surface, and a side wall being the lateral surface of the cylinder and connecting the upper surface and the bottom surface. The cemented carbide substrate is bonded to the bottom surface of the polycrystalline diamond layer. 
     The upper surface comprises a center part and an edge part; the edge part comprises a plurality of cutting edges and a plurality of cutting removal grooves that are radially distributed on the upper surface; the plurality of cutting edges and the plurality of cutting removal grooves are alternately distributed on the upper surface; and a first end of each of the plurality of cutting edges and the plurality of cutting removal grooves extends to communicate with the center part, and a second end of each of the plurality of cutting edges and the plurality of cutting removal grooves extends to communicate with the side wall. 
     Each of the plurality of cutting edges can comprise a first side surface and a second side surface, and an included angle between the first side surface and the second side surface can be greater than or equal to 90°. 
     The plurality of cutting edges and the plurality of cutting removal grooves can extend radially and are annularly distributed on the upper surface. 
     The plurality of cutting edges and the plurality of cutting removal grooves can form an annular structure on the upper surface. 
     The included angle between each of the plurality of cutting edges and the side wall can be greater than or equal to 90°. The included angle between the each of the plurality of cutting edges and the side wall is an angle formed between a first straight line and a second straight line, where the first straight line is in the plane of symmetry of the each of the plurality of cutting edges and passes through the center point of the center part and the point where the second end of the each of the plurality of cutting edges intersects with the plane of symmetry of the each of the plurality of cutting edges, and the second straight line is parallel to the side wall and intersects with the first straight line. 
     The included angle between each of the plurality of cutting removal grooves and the side wall can be greater than or equal to 90°. The included angle between the each of the plurality of cutting removal grooves and the side wall is an angle formed between a third straight line and a fourth straight line, where the third straight line is in the plane of symmetry of the each of the plurality of cutting removal grooves and passes through the center point of the center part and the point where the second end of the each of the plurality of cutting removal grooves intersects with the plane of symmetry of the each of the plurality of cutting removal grooves, and the fourth straight line is parallel to the side wall and intersects with the third straight line. 
     The vertical distance from the peak of each of the plurality of cutting edges to the lowest point of the plurality of cutting edges can be greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, and the radial length of each of the plurality of cutting edges on the upper surface can be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. 
     Chamfers can be disposed at a joint between the circumferential part of the upper part and the side wall. 
     The included angle between a cutting edge and an adjacent cutting removal groove is less than 60°, where the included angle between the cutting edge and the adjacent cutting removal groove is an angle formed between the first straight line and the third straight line. 
     The center part of the upper surface of the polycrystalline diamond layer can be provided with a cutting reservoir. 
     The cutting reservoir can be in the shape of circle or square. 
     The depth of the cutting reservoir relative to the upper surface can be less than one tenth of the thickness of the polycrystalline diamond layer from the upper surface to the bottom surface. 
     Advantages of the polycrystalline diamond compact in this disclosure are summarized as below. The polycrystalline diamond compact is efficient in breaking formations and cutting removal. In addition, the cutting element displays good impact resistance and excellent steerability. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact without a cutting reservoir of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising a cutting reservoir of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising four cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of another polycrystalline diamond compact comprising four cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising five cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of another polycrystalline diamond compact comprising five cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising eight cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram of another polycrystalline diamond compact comprising eight cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising ten cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram of another polycrystalline diamond compact comprising ten cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram of a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising twelve cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram of another polycrystalline diamond compact comprising twelve cutting edges of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram of the polycrystalline diamond compact of  FIG. 5  showing the included angle between one of the cutting removal grooves and the side wall. 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic diagram of the polycrystalline diamond compact of  FIG. 5  showing the included angle between one of the cutting edges and an adjacent cutting removal groove thereof. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     To further illustrate, examples detailing a polycrystalline diamond compact are described below. It should be noted that the following examples are intended to describe and not to limit the description. 
     Example 1 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a polycrystalline diamond compact of the disclosure comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer  100  and a cemented carbide substrate  200 . The polycrystalline diamond layer  100  is in the form of a cylinder comprising an upper surface  101 , a bottom surface  101 ′, and a side wall  102  disposed between the upper surface  101  and the bottom surface  101 ′. The cemented carbide substrate  200  is bonded to the bottom surface  101 ′ of the polycrystalline diamond layer  100 . 
     The upper surface comprises a center part and an edge part. The edge part of the upper surface comprises a plurality of radially distributed cutting edges  103  and cutting removal grooves  104 . The plurality of cutting edges and cutting removal grooves are alternately disposed. One end of each of the plurality of cutting edges and cutting removal grooves extends to communicate with the center part, and the other end of each of the plurality of cutting edges and cutting removal grooves extends to communicate with the side wall. Optionally, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the center part of the upper surface of the polycrystalline diamond layer is provided with a cutting reservoir  105 . The cutting reservoir  105  comprises a central protrusion in a hemispherical shape. 
     Example 2 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising four cutting edges is provided. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.87 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 90°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 22° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 112°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.35 mm. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.83 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 99.5°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 33.2° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 123.2°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.35 mm. 
     Example 3 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising five cutting edges is provided. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.91 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 90°. The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 110°, where the included angle is formed between the dashed straight lines A and B as shown in  FIG. 13 . The dashed straight line A is in the plane of symmetry of the cutting removal groove  104  and passes through the center point of the center part  101  and the point where the second end of the cutting removal groove  104  intersects with the plane of symmetry of the cutting removal groove  104 . The dashed straight line B is parallel to the side wall  102  and intersects with the dashed straight line A. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.35 mm. As shown in  FIG. 14 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 20° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 , where the included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  is formed between the dashed straight lines A and C, and the dashed straight line C is in the plane of symmetry of the cutting edge  103  and passes through the center point of the center part  101  and the point where the second end of the cutting edge  103  intersects with the plane of symmetry of the cutting edge  103 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.87 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 100.1°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 35.6° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 125.6°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.35 mm. 
     Example 4 
     As shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising eight cutting edges is provided. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.78 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 90°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 23° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 113°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.40 mm. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.76 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 99.3°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 32.8° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 122.8°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.40 mm. 
     Example 5 
     As shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising ten cutting edges is provided. As shown in  FIG. 9 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.69 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 90°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 25° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 115°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.40 mm. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.68 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 99.1°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 36.5° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 126.5°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.40 mm. 
     Example 6 
     As shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 , a polycrystalline diamond compact comprising eight cutting edges is provided. As shown in  FIG. 11 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.72 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 90°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 26° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 116°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.40 mm. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the radial extension length of the cutting edges  103  of the polycrystalline diamond compact is 1.70 mm, and the vertical distance from the peak of each of the cutting edges to the lowest point of the cutting edges is 1.23 mm. The included angle between the cutting edges and the side wall  102  is 99.7°. The cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103  are alternately disposed and form an annular structure on the upper surface with an included angle of 38.3° between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the cutting edges  103 . The included angle between the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 128.3°. The vertical height of the chamfer between the cutting edges  103 , the cutting removal grooves  104  and the side wall  102  is 0.40 mm. 
     The polycrystalline diamond compacts in the examples 1-6 are suitable for drilling in complex formations such as hard rocks and tough interlayers. The multiple cutting edges can greatly improve the utilization rate of the polycrystalline diamond compact, reduce the drilling cost, and prevent the formation of bit balling. 
     Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges involved include the beginning and end values. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications.