Patent Publication Number: US-2019186002-A1

Title: Solid Precursor, Apparatus for Supplying Source Gas and Deposition Device Having the Same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0173486, filed on Dec. 15, 2017, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     FIELD 
     The present inventive concept relates to an apparatus for delivering a solid precursor and a delivery system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique for forming a thin film on a semiconductor substrate. Thin film forming techniques may be used for forming metal contacts having high aspect ratios, oxide spacers, high-k metal gates, or the like. Thin films may be formed by supplying a precursor and a reaction gas onto a substrate. The precursor is supplied onto the substrate along with a carrier gas by vaporizing a liquid or solid state material stored in a canister. When a solid precursor is used, a pressure of a carrier gas may be reduced by a space resulting from consumption of the solid precursor. When a pressure of a gas is reduced, a sublimation amount of a precursor may be reduced or a deposition rate of a thin film may be reduced. There is a method of increasing a temperature of a gas to prevent reduction of a pressure of the gas, but there may be a problem in a semiconductor manufacturing process under a high temperature condition. Therefore, there is a need for a technique in which a solid precursor in a canister and a gas flow path are appropriately set without raising a temperature. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present inventive concept is directed to providing a source gas supply unit for compensating for reduction of a sublimation amount of a precursor due to reduction of a pressure of a carrier gas. 
     An source gas supply unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept includes a canister including a precursor accommodating space therein, and an inflow surface and an outflow surface which are open, a first lid including a gas inlet connected to the precursor accommodating space, wherein the first lid is configured to seal the inflow surface of the canister, a second lid including a gas outlet connected to the precursor accommodating space, wherein the second lid is configured to seal the outflow surface of the canister, and a ring-shaped solid precursor disposed in the precursor accommodating space, wherein the ring-shaped solid precursor includes a gas flow path therein in communication with the gas inlet and the gas outlet. A cross-sectional area of the gas flow path varies from the inflow surface of the canister toward the outflow surface thereof. 
     An source gas supply unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept includes a canister including a precursor accommodating space therein, and an inflow surface and an outflow surface which are open, a first lid including a gas inlet connected to the precursor accommodating space, wherein the first lid is configured to seal the inflow surface of the canister, a second lid including a gas outlet connected to the precursor accommodating space, wherein the second lid is configured to seal the outflow surface of the canister, and a ring-shaped solid precursor disposed in the precursor accommodating space, wherein the ring-shaped solid precursor includes at least one gas flow path therein in communication with the gas inlet and the gas outlet. The at least one gas flow path has a cylindrical shape, an inflow surface of the ring-shaped solid precursor faces an inner side of the gas inlet, an outflow surface of the ring-shaped solid precursor faces an inner side of the gas outlet, and cross-sectional areas of the inner sides of the gas inlet and the gas outlet are formed to be greater than a cross-sectional area of the at least one gas flow path so that the inflow surface and the outflow surface of the ring-shaped solid precursor are exposed to a carrier gas. 
     A deposition device according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept includes an source gas supply unit according to one of embodiments of the present inventive concept, a processing chamber configured to accommodate a substrate, an source gas supply unit configured to supply a precursor to the processing chamber, a carrier gas supply configured to supply a carrier gas to source gas supply unit, and a reaction gas supply configured to supply a reaction gas to the processing chamber. 
     A ring-shaped solid precursor for thin-film deposition according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept includes a gas flow path therein, wherein the gas flow path has a shape in which a cross-sectional area thereof varies from an inflow surface of the ring-shaped solid precursor to an outflow surface thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram for describing a precursor delivery system according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are cross-sectional views for describing source gas supply units according to embodiments of the present inventive concept. 
         FIGS. 3 and 4  are cross-sectional views of source gas supply unit s according to embodiments of the present inventive concept. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are a cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged view of a source gas supply unit according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
         FIGS. 6 and 7  are cross-sectional views of source gas supply units according to embodiments of the present inventive concept. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram for describing a precursor delivery system according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart for describing a method of forming a thin film by delivering a precursor. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram for describing a precursor delivery system  10  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , in the embodiment of the present inventive concept, the precursor delivery system  10  may include a carrier gas supply  11 , a reaction gas supply  12 , gate valves  13 , a processing chamber  14 , first to third supply lines L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 , and a source gas supply unit  100 . 
     The source gas supply unit  100  may include a solid precursor  120 . A carrier gas  18  supplied to the source gas supply unit  100  may sublimate the solid precursor  120  to generate a gaseous precursor. A mixed gas in which a gaseous precursor is contained in the carrier gas  18  may be provided to the processing chamber  14 . 
     The carrier gas supply  11  may provide the carrier gas  18  to the source gas supply unit  100 . The carrier gas  18  may include an inert gas such as nitrogen (N 2 ), argon (Ar), helium (He), or the like. The carrier gas  18  may have a high temperature within a range in which the solid precursor  120  is not thermally decomposed. The heated carrier gas  18  may sublimate the solid precursor  120  into a gaseous state. 
     The reaction gas supply  12  may provide a reaction gas  19  to the processing chamber  14 . The reaction gas  19  may include ammonia (NH 3 ), water (H 2 O), ozone (O 3 ), or the like. 
     The processing chamber  14  may include a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) device or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) device. The processing chamber  14  may include a shower head assembly  15 , a susceptor  16 , and a substrate  17 . The shower head assembly  15  may be formed in an upper portion of the processing chamber  14 . The shower head assembly  15  may include a plurality of shower heads. The shower head assembly  15  may uniformly provide the carrier gas  18  or the reaction gas  19  supplied into the processing chamber  14  onto the substrate  17 . The susceptor  16  may be formed in a lower portion of the processing chamber  14 , and the substrate  17  may be formed on the susceptor  16 . The processing chamber  14  may include a sealing member (not illustrated) and may form a closed space. 
     The mixed gas or the reaction gas  19  may be supplied into the processing chamber  14 . The carrier gas  18  or the reaction gas  19  supplied into the processing chamber  14  may be provided onto the substrate  17 . A purge gas may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  through a purge gas supply (not illustrated). The purge gas may include an inert gas such as nitrogen (N 2 ), argon (Ar), helium (He), or the like. The carrier gas  18 , the purge gas, and the reaction gas  19  may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  one by one in each unit cycle with a constant period. For example, the gases may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  in order from the carrier gas  18 , the purge gas, the reaction gas  19 , and the purge gas with specific time intervals. 
     The first supply line L 1  may connect the carrier gas supply  11  to the source gas supply unit  100 . The carrier gas  18  may be supplied to the source gas supply unit  100  through the first supply line L 1 . The second supply line L 2  may connect the source gas supply unit  100  to the processing chamber  14 . The carrier gas  18  containing the gaseous precursor may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  through the second supply line L 2 . The third supply line L 3  may connect the reaction gas supply  12  to the processing chamber  14 . The reaction gas  19  may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  through the third supply line L 3  in a different route from the carrier gas  18 . The gate valves  13  may adjust flow rates of the gases flowing through the first to third supply lines L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , in an embodiment of the present inventive concept, the source gas supply unit  100  may include a canister  110 , a solid precursor  120 , lids  130   a  and  130   b , a gas inlet  132 , a gas outlet  134 , a gas inlet pipe  140 , a gas outlet pipe  150 , and heaters  160 . 
     The canister  110  may have a cylindrical shape, but the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. An inflow surface  114  and an outflow surface  116  of the canister  110  may be open, and a precursor accommodating space  112  may be formed inside the canister  110 . Here, the inflow surface  114  and the outflow surface  116  of the canister  110  may be defined as a lower surface and an upper surface of the canister  110  in  FIG. 2A , respectively. The precursor accommodating space  112  may be formed to have a shape extending in an axial direction of the canister  110 . In other words, the precursor accommodating space  112  may be formed in parallel to a movement direction of the carrier gas  18  supplied to the source gas supply unit  100 . 
     The solid precursor  120  may be disposed in the precursor accommodating space  112  of the canister  110 . The solid precursor  120  may have a hollow therein to allow the carrier gas  18  to pass therethrough. The solid precursor  120  may be formed in the precursor accommodating space  112  in a ring shape by a compressing method or the like. 
     The solid precursor  120  may be a precursor such as tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), or the like, and may include Ta[(N(CH3) 2 ] 5 (PDMAT), TaCl 5 , TaF 5 , TaBr 5 , TaI 5 , Ta(CO) 5 W(CO) 6 , Mo(CO) 6 , MoF 5 , Co 2 (CO) 8 , or the like. 
     A gas flow path  122  may be formed inside the solid precursor  120 . The gas flow path  122  may communicate with the gas inlet  132  and the gas outlet  134 . The gas flow path  122  may guide the carrier gas  18  being introduced into the canister  110 . 
     Generally, in the precursor delivery system  10 , the solid precursor  120  may be eroded by sublimation as a precursor delivery process is repeatedly performed by the carrier gas  18 . An erosion amount of the solid precursor  120  at the gas inlet  132  may be greater than an erosion amount of the solid precursor  120  at the gas outlet  134 . Since a volume of the gas flow path  122  is increased by an amount of the solid precursor  120  eroded, a pressure of the carrier gas  18  may be reduced. Due to the reduction of the pressure of the carrier gas  18 , a sublimation amount of the solid precursor  120  may be reduced. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 2A , diameters D 1  and D 2  of the gas flow path  122  may be increased due to the erosion of the solid precursor  120  so that the volume of the gas flow path  122  may be increased. In addition, a contact area between the gas flow path  122  and the carrier gas  18  may be increased. The increased contact area may compensate for the reduction of the sublimation amount of the solid precursor  120 . 
     A cross-sectional area of the gas flow path  122  at the gas inlet  132  may be formed to be relatively narrow. Here, the cross-sectional area of the flow path may be defined as a cross-sectional area of the gas flow path  122  in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the canister  110 . The narrow cross-sectional area of the flow path may compensate for a high erosion amount of the solid precursor  120  at the gas inlet  132 . 
     When the canister  110  has a cylindrical shape, the diameter D 1  of the gas flow path  122  at the inflow surface  114  of the canister  110  may be smaller than the diameter D 2  of the gas flow path  122  at the outflow surface  116 . For example, the gas flow path  122  may be formed to be gradually widened from the inflow surface  114  of the canister  110  toward the outflow surface  116  thereof. Since the diameter D 1  is smaller than the diameter D 2 , the cross-sectional area of the flow path at the gas inlet  132  is narrow, and thus effects described above may be obtained. As the deposition process is repeatedly performed, the solid precursor  120  may be eroded such that a difference between the diameter D 1  and the diameter D 2  is reduced or the diameter D 1  and the diameter D 2  are substantially equal. 
     In an embodiment, a cross-sectional area of the precursor may be formed to be decreased from the inflow surface  114  of the canister  110  to the outflow surface  116  thereof. Here, the cross-sectional area of the precursor may be defined as an area of a cross section of the solid precursor  120  in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the canister  110 . For example, the solid precursor  120  may be formed such that an inflow surface  124  thereof is wider than an outflow surface  126  thereof. Since the inflow surface  124  of the solid precursor  120  is wide, a high erosion amount at the gas inlet  132  may be compensated. 
     The lids  130   a  and  130   b  may be provided at both ends of the canister  110  to cover the inflow surface  114  and the outflow surface  116  of the canister  110 . The lids  130   a  and  130   b  may seal the canister  110  so that the solid precursor  120  does not leak. The lids  130   a  and  130   b  may be fastened to the canister  110  by a coupling device (not illustrated). In addition, the lids  130   a  and  130   b  may be separated so that the solid precursor  120  may be replaced or the canister  110  may be cleaned. The gas inlet  132  may be formed in a first lid  130   a  and the gas outlet  134  may be formed in a second lid  130   b.    
     The gas inlet  132  may be connected to the gas inlet pipe  140 , and the gas outlet  134  may be connected to the gas outlet pipe  150 . The gas inlet  132  or the gas outlet  134  may be formed such that an inner side thereof is wider than an outer side thereof. Here, the inner side of the gas inlet  132  or the gas outlet  134  may refer to a surface facing the solid precursor  120 , and the outer side thereof may refer to a surface facing the gas inlet pipe  140  or the gas outlet pipe  150 . 
     The inner side of the gas inlet  132  or the gas outlet  134  may correspond to the inflow surface  124  or the outflow surface  126  of the solid precursor  120 . The gas inlet  132  and the gas outlet  134  may guide movement of the carrier gas  18 . 
     One end of the gas inlet pipe  140  may be connected to the first supply line L 1 . The other end of the gas inlet pipe  140  may be connected to the gas inlet  132 . The gas inlet pipe  140  may provide the carrier gas  18  supplied from the carrier gas supply  11  into the canister  110 . 
     One end of the gas outlet pipe  150  may be connected to the second supply line L 2 . The other end of the gas outlet pipe  150  may be connected to the gas outlet  134 . The gas outlet pipe  150  may supply the carrier gas  18  passing through the source gas supply unit  100  to the processing chamber  14 . The carrier gas  18 , which passes through the canister  110  and is discharged through the gas outlet pipe  150 , may be saturated with a precursor vapor which is sublimated. 
     The heaters  160  may be disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the canister  110 . The heaters  160  may heat the canister  110  to heat the solid precursor  120  in the canister  110 . The solid precursor  120  may be heated by the heaters  160  within a range in which the solid precursor  120  is not thermally decomposed, so as to maintain a temperature required to be sublimated. The heaters  160  may be located inside the canister  110  or may be adjusted by a temperature controller (not illustrated). 
       FIG. 2B  is a cross-sectional view of an source gas supply unit  200  as another embodiment of the source gas supply unit  100  of  FIG. 2A . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2B , in the source gas supply unit  200 , a canister  110  may further include a support container  214 . The support container  214  may be located in a precursor accommodating space  112 , and may be formed to surround an outer circumferential surface of a solid precursor  120 . The support container  214  may facilitate an arrangement of the solid precursor  120  into the precursor accommodating space  112 . For example, the solid precursor  120  may be compressed and disposed on an inner circumferential surface of the support container  214  and then disposed in the precursor accommodating space  112  of the canister  110 . When the solid precursor  120  is replaced or the canister  110  is cleaned, the support container  214  may be separated from the canister  110 . 
     The support container  214  may be integrally formed within the precursor accommodating space  112 , and may be formed by a plurality of support containers  214  being stacked. The plurality of support containers  214  to be stacked may form a gas flow path  122  in parallel to an axial direction of the canister  110 . 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a source gas supply unit  300  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a gas flow path  322  formed on an inner circumferential surface of a solid precursor  120  may have different diameters D 3  and D 4 . A ring-shaped trench may be formed in the gas flow path  322  in a direction perpendicular to a movement direction of a carrier gas  18 . The trench may have a diameter D 4 , and the diameter D 4  may be greater than the diameter D 3 . The gas flow path  322  may be formed by a portion having the diameter D 3  and a portion having the diameter D 4  being alternately stacked. 
     The gas flow path  322  may be formed to have a wider surface area than a gas flow path having a straight route. A contact area of the carrier gas  18  passing through the gas flow path  322  with the solid precursor  120  may be increased and a contact time may be increased. The carrier gas  18  may sublimate more solid precursors  120  for a sufficiently long contact time. The carrier gas  18  discharged to a gas outlet  134  may supply more precursors to the processing chamber  14 . 
     In an embodiment, a cross-sectional area of a flow path at the gas outlet  134  may be wider than a cross-sectional area of a flow path at a gas inlet  132 . The cross-sectional area of the flow path may be gradually widened toward the gas outlet  134 . 
       FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of source gas supply unit  400  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a gas flow path  422  formed inside a solid precursor  120  may have a diameter D 5 , a diameter D 6 , and a diameter D 7 . The diameter D 6  may be greater than the diameter D 5 , and the diameter D 7  may be greater than the diameter D 6 . A cross-sectional area of the gas flow path  422  may be increased stepwise from an inflow surface  114  of a canister  110  toward an outflow surface  116  thereof. 
     The gas flow path  422  formed by the diameters D 5 , D 6 , and D 7  may be relatively narrow at a gas inlet  132 , and may compensate for a high erosion amount of a precursor at the gas inlet  132 . In addition, since the solid precursor  120  has a stepwise winding surface, a surface area thereof may be further widened. A contact area of the solid precursor  120  with a carrier gas  18  may be increased so that more solid precursors  120  may be sublimated by the carrier gas  18  and transported. 
       FIG. 5A  is a cross-sectional view of source gas supply unit  500  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept, and  FIG. 5B  is a partially enlarged view of  FIG. 5A . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , in a precursor accommodating space  112  of a canister  110 , a support container  214  may be formed in the form in which unit blocks  516  are stacked. A hollow  518  having a predetermined flow path cross-sectional area may be formed in each of the unit blocks  516 . A gas flow path  522  may be formed by the hollows  518  of the unit blocks  516  being stacked in parallel to an axial direction of the canister  110 . The gas flow path  522  may guide movement of the carrier gas  18 . 
     Each of the hollows  518  may have a different flow path cross-sectional area or diameter. In addition, a diameter of the gas flow path  522  formed by the hollows  518  being stacked may vary according to a movement direction of the carrier gas  18 . For example, the diameter of the gas flow path  522  may be increased from an inflow surface  124  of a solid precursor  120  toward an outflow surface  126  thereof. In addition, the diameter of the gas flow path  522  may be increased from the inflow surface  124  to a predetermined position in the axial direction of the canister  110 , and may be decreased to the outflow surface  126 . A structure in which the gas flow path  522  is narrow on the inflow surface  124  of the solid precursor  120  may compensate for a large erosion amount of the solid precursor  120  at a gas inlet  132 . A structure in which the gas flow path  522  is narrow on the outflow surface  126  of the solid precursor  120  may prevent pressure reduction in a gas outlet pipe  150 . 
     Since the unit blocks  516  are stacked to form the gas flow path  522 , the gas flow path  522  may be easily changed according to process conditions. Since the solid precursor  120  is disposed in the unit blocks  516 , an arrangement or replacement of the solid precursor  120  may be facilitated. 
     A shape of the gas flow path  522  is not limited to that illustrated in  FIG. 5A . The unit block  516  may have two or more hollows  518 . The stacked unit blocks  516  may form two or more gas flow paths  522 . 
       FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of a source gas supply unit  600  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , a unit block  516  of a canister  110  may include a supporting member  615 . Each of a gas inlet pipe  140  and a gas outlet pipe  150  may include a filter  670 . The supporting member  615  may be formed on an inner wall of the unit block  516 . Four supporting members  615  may be formed along an inner circumferential surface of the unit block  516 , but the present inventive concept is not limited thereto. 
     The supporting member  615  may couple a solid precursor  120  formed by compressing to the unit block  516  so as not to be separated from the unit block  516 . A holder (not illustrated) for fixing the unit block  516  or the solid precursor  120  so as not to be discharged to an outside of a precursor accommodating space  112  may be formed in the canister  110 . 
     The filter  670  may be formed to have the same diameter as that of each of the gas inlet pipe  140  and the gas outlet pipe  150 . The filter  670  may prevent a mass of un-sublimated solid precursors  120  from being discharged to the gas inlet pipe  140  or the gas outlet pipe  150 . 
       FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a source gas supply unit  700  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , an inflow surface  724  of a solid precursor  120  may be exposed to a carrier gas  18  which moves through a canister  110 . An outflow surface  726  of the solid precursor  120  may have the same shape as that of the inflow surface  724 . In an embodiment, the solid precursor  120  may be formed in a support container  214 . A contact area of the solid precursor  120  with the carrier gas  18  may be increased by the exposed inflow surface  724 . As the contact area increases, more solid precursors  120  may be sublimated by the carrier gas  18 . 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram a precursor delivery system  20  according to an embodiment of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , the precursor delivery system  20  may include three-way valves  23  and  33 , fourth to ninth supply lines L 4  to L 9 , and gate valves  13 A,  13 B,  13 C, and  13 D. The three-way valve  23  may be a diverting valve in which one inflow portion is connected to a first supply line L 1  and two outflow portions are connected to the fourth and fifth supply lines L 4  and L 5 . The three-way valve  33  may be a mixing valve in which two inflow portions are connected to the eighth and ninth supply lines L 8  and L 9  and one outflow portion is connected to a second supply line L 2 . 
     A carrier gas supply  11  may supply a carrier gas  18  through the first supply line L 1 . The carrier gas  18  may be supplied to the fourth supply line L 4  and the fifth supply line L 5  by the three-way valve  23 . The carrier gas  18  supplied to the fourth supply line L 4  or the fifth supply line L 5  may be saturated with a gaseous precursor through a source gas supply unit  100 . The carrier gas  18  discharged through the source gas supply unit  100  may be supplied into a processing chamber  14  through the eighth supply line L 8  or the ninth supply line L 9 , the three-way valve  33 , and the second supply line L 2 . 
     In an embodiment, the gate valves  13 A and  13 D may be in an open state, and the gate valves  13 B and  13 C may be in a closed state. The carrier gas  18  supplied from the carrier gas supply  11  may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  through the first supply line L 1 , the three-way valve  23 , the fourth supply line L 4 , the sixth supply line L 6 , the source gas supply unit  100 , the seventh supply line L 7 , the ninth supply line L 9 , the three-way valve  33 , and the second supply line L 2 . 
     In an embodiment, the gate valves  13 B and  13 C may be in an open state, and the gate valves  13 A and  13 D may be in a closed state. The carrier gas  18  supplied from the carrier gas supply  11  may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  through the first supply line L 1 , the three-way valve  23 , the fifth supply line L 5 , the seventh supply line L 7 , the source gas supply unit  100 , the sixth supply line L 6 , the eighth supply line L 8 , the three-way valve  33 , and the second supply line L 2 . 
     A direction of the carrier gas  18  at each of the sixth and seventh supply lines L 6  and L 7  and the source gas supply unit  100  is changed according to open or closed states of the gate valves  13 A,  13 B,  13 C, and  13 D. The direction of the carrier gas  18  may be changed during a deposition process. The relatively large erosion of the solid precursor  120  at a gas inlet  132  may be compensated by adjusting the direction of the carrier gas  18 . 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart for describing a method of forming a thin film using the source gas supply unit  100  of the present inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , the method of forming a thin film includes transporting the substrate  17  into the processing chamber  14  (S 10 ), heating the substrate  17  (S 20 ), supplying a precursor (S 30 ), supplying a purge gas (S 40 ), supplying a reaction gas  19  (S 50 ), and supplying a purge gas (S 60 ). The method of forming a thin film may include a CVD method or an ALD method. 
     First, the substrate  17  is transported into the processing chamber  14  through an opening (not illustrated). The substrate  17  transported into the processing chamber  14  may be disposed on a susceptor  16  (S 10 ). 
     Next, the transported substrate  17  is heated to an appropriate temperature to efficiently deposit a thin film (S 20 ). In the heating of the substrate, an inside of the processing chamber  14  may also be heated. 
     A carrier gas supply  11  supplies a carrier gas  18  to a source gas supply unit  100 . The carrier gas  18  supplied to the source gas supply unit  100  is saturated with a sublimated precursor. The carrier gas  18  containing the precursor is supplied into the processing chamber  14  (S 30 ). The supplied carrier gas  18  may be provided onto the substrate  17  through a shower head assembly  15 . The precursor on the substrate  17  may form a single layer. 
     A purge gas is supplied into the processing chamber  14  to remove the precursor and reactants thereof (S 40 ). The purge gas may include an inert gas, and may be supplied into the processing chamber  14  through a different route from that of the carrier gas  18 . The purge gas may be discharged to the outside of the processing chamber  14  through an exhaust port. 
     Next, the reaction gas  19  is supplied from a reaction gas supply  12  to the processing chamber  14  (S 50 ). The reaction gas  19  may be provided onto the substrate  17  through the shower head assembly  15 . The reaction gas  19  may react with the precursor to deposit a thin film. 
     The purge gas is then supplied into the processing chamber  14  to remove the reaction gas and reactants thereof (S 60 ). The purge gas may be discharged to the outside of the processing chamber  14  through the exhaust port. The supplying of the carrier gas  18 , the purge gas, and the reaction gas  19  (S 30 , S 40 , S 50 , and S 60 ) may be repeatedly performed until the thin film is deposited to have a predetermined thickness. 
     According to the embodiments of the present inventive concept, a cross-sectional area of a gas flow path at a gas inlet can be narrowly formed to compensate for a high erosion amount of a solid precursor at the gas inlet. 
     According to the embodiments of the present inventive concept, a solid precursor can be formed to have a large contact area with a carrier gas, and a surface area can be increased with erosion so that reduction of a sublimation amount of a precursor due to reduction of a pressure of a gas can be compensated. 
     While the embodiments of the present inventive concept have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present inventive concept and without changing essential features thereof. Therefore, the above-described embodiments should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.