Patent Publication Number: US-11644768-B2

Title: Storing information in a toner refill kit during toner refill

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     An image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method supplies a toner to an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoconductor to form a visible toner image on the photoconductor and transfers the toner image through an intermediate transfer medium or directly to a print medium, and then fixes the transferred toner image on the print medium. 
     That is, the image forming apparatus uses the toner to print the toner image on the print medium. Because the toner is used every time an image forming job proceeds, the toner is exhausted when used for a predetermined time or more. In this case, a component storing the toner may be exchanged, or the toner may be refilled to the component storing the toner. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram showing a cartridge and a toner reload kit (TRK) in an image forming apparatus, according to an example; 
         FIG.  2    is a flowchart for explaining a toner refill process performed by an image forming apparatus, according to an example; 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram for explaining a voltage of a TRK according to a toner refill process, according to an example; 
         FIG.  4    is a flowchart for explaining an operation method of an image forming apparatus for performing a refill operation of a TRK, according to an example; 
         FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  are flowcharts for explaining an operation method of an image forming apparatus for performing a refill operation of a TRK, according to an example; 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram for explaining a control state of a TRK obtained from a sensor, according to an example; 
         FIG.  7    is a diagram for explaining an abnormal operation of a TRK, according to an example; 
         FIG.  8    is a flowchart for explaining a method of performing subsequent operations with respect to an abnormal operation of a TRK detected in  FIG.  7   , according to an example; 
         FIG.  9    is a diagram for explaining an abnormal operation of a TRK, according to another example; 
         FIG.  10    is a flowchart for explaining a method of performing subsequent operations with respect to an abnormal operation of a TRK detected in  FIG.  9   , according to an example; and 
         FIG.  11    is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an example. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An “image forming apparatus” described herein may be any type of apparatus capable of performing an image forming job, such as a printer, a scanner, a fax machine, a multi-function printer (MFP), or a display apparatus. The “image forming job” may be at least one job of printing, scanning, and faxing. 
     Examples are described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings such that the disclosure may be easily performed by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertain. The disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples set forth herein. 
       FIG.  1    is a diagram showing a cartridge  100  and a toner reload kit (TRK)  130  in an image forming apparatus  1100 , according to an example. 
     The cartridge  100  may be mounted on the image forming apparatus  1100  or removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 . The cartridge  100  may include a developing device  110  in which a photosensitive drum and a developing roller are installed, a waste toner container (not shown) in which a waste toner removed from the photosensitive drum is contained, and a toner container  120  connected to the developing device  110  and containing toner. The toner container  120  may supply the toner to be used for an image forming job to the developing device  110 . When the toner in the toner container  120  is completely exhausted, the toner container  120  may receive toner from the TRK  130 . 
     The cartridge  100  may include a toner charging interface  115  connected to the toner container  120 . The toner charging interface  115  may provide a structure for fixing the TRK  130  to be connected to the cartridge  100  and to allow the toner to be supplied from the TRK  130  to the cartridge  100 . The cartridge  100  may also be an integral cartridge including the developing device  110 , the waste toner container (not shown), the toner container  120 , and the toner charging interface  115 . 
     Referring to an image  10  of  FIG.  1   , the TRK  130  may include a body  131 , a plunger  132 , and a memory  133 . The body  131  may include an internal space  134  in which the toner is contained and a toner discharge port  135  through which the toner is discharged. In addition, the toner discharge port  135  may include a discharge shutter  136  capable of opening and closing the toner discharge port  135 . The TRK  130  may include more elements than the above-mentioned elements. 
     Referring to an image  20  of  FIG.  1   , the plunger  132  may be inserted into the internal space  134  to be movable in a longitudinal direction of the body  131 . The plunger  132  may have a syringe or cylinder shaped loading stand such that the toner in the internal space  134  is discharged through the toner discharge port  135 . The discharge shutter  136  may open and close the toner discharge port  135 . 
     For example, the body  131  may be cylindrical. An end of the body  131  may include the toner discharge port  135  through which the toner is discharged and the discharge shutter  136  which opens and closes the toner discharge port  135 . The plunger  132  may be inserted into the internal space  134  from an opposite end of the toner discharge port  135  of the body  131 . When an activation of the TRK  130  is completed and the TRK  130  is connected to the cartridge  100  such that the TRK  130  supplies the toner to the cartridge  100 , the discharge shutter  136  may open the toner discharge port  135 . Further, the discharge shutter  136  may include an operation lever capable of operating the toner discharge port  135 . 
     The memory  133  may store identification information of the TRK  130  and information indicating whether a toner refill is completed. When the TRK  130  is mounted on the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm the information stored in the memory  133  of the TRK  130 . For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform the activation of the TRK  130  by confirming the identification information of the TRK  130 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm the information indicating whether the toner refill is completed to confirm whether a refill operation of the TRK  130  is possible. Also, when the refill operation of the TRK  130  is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store a toner refill completion record in the memory  133  of the TRK  130 . Here, the memory  133  may be a nonvolatile memory  133 . 
     Meanwhile, the TRK  130  may include at least one electrical contact. The at least one electrical contact may change to an on state or an off state according to a state in which the TRK  130  is connected to the image forming apparatus  1100 . A resistance of the TRK  130  may vary according to a state of the at least one electrical contact. The image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain a voltage of the TRK  130  based on the resistance of the TRK  130 . 
     The image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm a control state of the TRK  130  and check whether the refill operation of the TRK  130  is normally performed, based on the voltage of the TRK  130 . When the refill operation of the TRK  130  is performed abnormally, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform a subsequent operation such that the refill operation may be normally performed. 
       FIG.  2    is a flowchart for explaining a toner refill process performed by the image forming apparatus  1100 , according to an example. 
     In operation  210  of the image forming apparatus  1100  in  FIG.  2   , the image forming apparatus  1100  may sense a state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into a cartridge. For example, a user may insert the TRK  130  into the cartridge through a toner charging interface of the image forming apparatus  1100 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may sense the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the cartridge through a sensor in the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     In operation  220  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an authentication of the TRK  130  and may confirm whether it is possible to inject the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130 . For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform the activation of the TRK  130  based on identification information of the TRK  130  stored in a memory within the TRK  130 . For example, the identification information may be information about a model number of the TRK  130 , a product number, and the like. When the activation of the TRK  130  is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm whether a toner refill completion record stored in the memory exists to confirm whether it is possible to inject the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130 . 
     For example, when the toner refill completion record is stored in the memory of the TRK  130 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may display information indicating that it is impossible to use the inserted TRK  130 . On the other hand, when the toner refill completion record is not stored in the memory of the TRK  130 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may display information for guiding an operation for refilling the toner. 
     In operation  230  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may sense a docking state of the TRK  130 . Then, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform a locking operation of a locking apparatus in the docking state of the TRK  130 . 
     For example, according to operation  220  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , when it is possible to inject the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an unlocking operation of the locking apparatus such that the TRK  130  is in a rotatable state. When the TRK  130  rotates and is in the docking state, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform the locking operation of the locking apparatus to fix the TRK  130  to the cartridge. 
     Here, the docking state of the TRK  130  may be a state changed to a state in which the TRK  130  rotates in a state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the cartridge such that it is possible to inject the toner from a toner discharge port to a toner container. For example, the TRK  130  may be in the state in which when the TRK  130  rotates by 180 degrees in the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the cartridge, the toner discharge port and an entrance of the toner container are engaged with each other such that it is possible to inject the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130 . At this time, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform a locking operation of the locking apparatus to fix the TRK  130 . When the locking operation of the locking apparatus is performed, the TRK  130  may not be removed from the cartridge, and a rotation operation is also impossible. 
     In operation  240  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may sense an injection completion of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge. Then, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store refill completion information of the toner. 
     For example, when the refill operation of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge is completed, the state of the electrical contact in the TRK  130  may change. The image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain a voltage corresponding to the state of the electrical contact from the TRK  130  and sense the injection completion of the toner. 
     For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge. In this case, the image forming apparatus  1100  may display the toner remaining amount information on a user interface apparatus of the image forming apparatus  1100 . In addition, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store the refill completion record in the memory in the TRK  130 . 
     In operation  250  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an unlocking operation of the locking apparatus. When the unlocking operation of the locking apparatus is performed, the TRK  130  becomes rotatable. The image forming apparatus  1100  may sense an undocking state of the TRK  130  when the TRK  130  rotates and is in the undocking state in which the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
     In operation  260  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , when the TRK  130  is removed from the cartridge, the image forming apparatus  1100  may sense a removal of the TRK  130 . 
       FIG.  3    is a diagram for explaining a voltage of the TRK  130  according to a toner refill process, according to an example. 
     The TRK  130  may be mounted to the image forming apparatus  1100  to refill toner into a cartridge in the image forming apparatus  1100 . In the toner refill process, a control state of the TRK  130  may include a first state in which the TRK  130  is removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 , a second state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100 , a third state in which the TRK  130  is docked in the cartridge such that the toner may be injected into the cartridge, a fourth state in which the toner is completely injected into the cartridge from the TRK  130 , and a fifth state in which the TRK  130  is undocked such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
     The TRK  130  may include at least one electrical contact. According to the control state of the TRK  130 , the at least one electrical contact may vary to an on state or an off state. That is, a state of the electrical contact is the on state or the off state according to a state of the TRK  130  combined to the image forming apparatus  1100 , and a resistance of the TRK  130  changes. Therefore, when the control state of the TRK  130  changes, the voltage of the TRK  130  may change. The control state of the TRK  130  may be sensed as the voltage of the TRK  130 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain the voltage indicating the control state of the TRK  130  through a sensor. 
     The first state of the TRK  130  is a state in which the TRK  130  is removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 . That is, the first state is a state before the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100 . In this case, referring to a graph of  FIG.  3   , an analog-digital converter (ADC) value  310  of the voltage with respect to the first state of the TRK  130  is 1014. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the control state of the TRK  130  as a removal state from the ADC value  310 . 
     The second state of the TRK  130  is a state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100 . When the TRK  130  is inserted into the cartridge, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an authentication of the TRK  130  and may confirm whether a refill operation of the toner is possible. When the refill operation of the toner is possible, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform the unlocking operation of the locking apparatus such that the TRK  130  is in a rotatable state. In this case, referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , an ADC value  320  of the voltage with respect to the second state of the TRK  130  is 685. The ADC value  320  with respect to the second state may be maintained until a docking operation of the TRK  130  is sensed. The state of the electrical contact may change when the docking operation of the TRK  130  is completed, and thus the ADC value  320  with respect to the second state may be maintained even when the docking operation of the TRK  130  starts. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the control state of the toner release kit  130  as an insertion state from the ADC value  320 . 
     Referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , in the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted, an activation operation of the TRK  130 , the unlocking operation of the locking apparatus, and a docking start operation of the TRK  130  may be performed. 
     The third state of the TRK  130  is a state in which the TRK  130  is docked in the cartridge such that toner may be injected into the cartridge. For example, when the TRK  130  rotates by 180 degrees (for example, rotates by 180 degrees clockwise) in the second state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the cartridge, the TRK  130  may be in the third state in which a toner discharge port and an entrance of a toner container are engaged with each other such that it is possible to inject the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130 . In this case, referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , an ADC value  330  with respect to the third state of the TRK  130  is 78. The ADC value  330  with respect to the third state may be maintained until a state in which an injection of the toner from the TRK  130  into the cartridge is completed is sensed. The state of the electrical contact may change when the injection of the toner is completed, and thus the ADC value  330  with respect to the third state may be maintained even when an injection operation of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge starts. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the control state of the TRK  130  as a docking state from the ADC value  330 . 
     Referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , in the docking state of the TRK  130 , a docking completion operation of the TRK  130 , a locking operation of the locking apparatus, and a toner injection starting operation of the TRK  130  may be performed. 
     The fourth state of the TRK  130  is a state in which an injection of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge is completed. When the injection of the toner is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store a refill completion record in a memory of the TRK  130 . Further, the image forming apparatus  1100  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge. In addition, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform the unlocking operation of the locking apparatus such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. In this case, referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , an ADC value  340  with respect to the fourth state of the TRK  130  is 337. The ADC value  340  with respect to the fourth state may be maintained until an undocking operation of the TRK  130  is sensed. The state of the electrical contact may change when the undocking operation of the TRK  130  is completed, and thus, the ADC value  340  with respect to the fourth state may be maintained even when the undocking operation of the TRK  130  starts. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the control state of the TRK  130  as a dispensing state from the ADC value  340 . 
     Referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , in the dispensing state of the TRK  130 , the injection completion operation of the toner of the TRK  130 , an operation of storing the toner refill completion record in the memory of the TRK  130 , an operation of updating the toner remaining amount information of a toner amount in a memory of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the unlocking operation of the locking apparatus, and an undocking start operation of the TRK  130  may be performed. 
     The fifth state of the TRK  130  is a state in which the TRK  130  is undocked such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. For example, after the injection of the toner is completed, when the TRK  130  rotates by 180 degrees in the third state in which the TRK  130  is docked (for example, rotates by 180 degrees counterclockwise), the TRK  130  may be in the fifth state in which the TRK  130  is undocked such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. In this case, referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , an ADC value  350  with respect to the fifth state of the TRK  130  is 724. The ADC value  350  with respect to the fifth state may be maintained until the TRK  130  is removed from the cartridge. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the control state of the TRK  130  as an undocking state from the ADC value  350 . 
     Referring to the graph of  FIG.  3   , in the undocking state of the TRK  130 , an undocking completion operation of the TRK  130  may be performed. 
     When the image forming apparatus  1100  senses the state in which the TRK  130  is removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 , the state of the TRK  130  is the first state, and an ADC value  360  is 1014. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the control state of the TRK  130  as the removal state from the ADC value  360 . In the removal state of the TRK  130 , an operation of removing the TRK  130  from the image forming apparatus  1100  may be performed. 
       FIG.  4    is a flowchart for explaining an operation method of an image forming apparatus for performing a refill operation of the TRK  130 , according to an example. 
     In operation  410  of the image forming apparatus  100  of  FIG.  4   , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine a state of a toner refill operation from the TRK  130  to a cartridge in the image forming apparatus  1100 . For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain state information indicating a control state of the TRK  130  that refills toner to the cartridge through a sensor in the image forming apparatus  100 . 
     For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain a voltage corresponding to a combined state of the TRK  130  and the image forming apparatus  1100 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the state of the toner refill operation based on the obtained voltage. For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain the voltage of the TRK  130  indicating a state that the TRK  130  is combined with the image forming apparatus  1100 , through the sensor. The image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain the state information indicating the control state of the TRK  130  based on the voltage. 
     Here, the voltage may be determined based on a resistance determined according to on state or off state of an electrical contact in the TRK  130 , wherein a state of the electrical contact is changed to the on state or the off state of the electrical contact according to the combined state of the TRK  130  and the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     For example, the refill operation state of the TRK  130  may be determined based on the combined state of the TRK  130  and the image forming apparatus  1100 . That is, the refill operation state may indicate the control state of the TRK  130 . The refill operation state may include a first state in which the TRK  130  is removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 , a second state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100 , a third state in which the TRK  130  is docked in the cartridge such that the toner may be injected into the cartridge in the second state, a fourth state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK  130  into the cartridge is completed, and a fifth state in which the TRK  130  is undocked such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge in the third state. 
     When it is determined in operation  420  of the image forming apparatus  1100  that the injection of the toner from the TRK  130  into the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may control the TRK  130  to store information indicating a toner refill completion in the memory of the TRK  130 . 
     For example, when the state information of the sensor indicates the state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm whether the refill information is stored in the memory of the TRK  130 . Here, the refill information may be information indicating the toner refill completion. When the refill information is not stored in the memory of the TRK  130 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may control the TRK  130  such that the refill information is stored in the memory of the TRK  130 . 
     For example, when the injection of the toner from the TRK  130  into the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine whether some operations are omitted during the toner refill operation. For example, when the state of the toner refill operation is changed to the state in which the injection of the toner is completed immediately after the on state of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that an operation from a toner insertion state to the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is omitted. When it is determined that some operations are omitted, the image forming apparatus  1100  may authenticate the TRK  130 . When authentication of the TRK  130  is successful, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store the information indicating the toner refill completion in the memory of the TRK  130 . 
     For example, when the state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is obtained while a predetermined operation in a toner refill process is omitted, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that the state information is obtained according to an abnormal refill operation of the TRK  130 . Here, the predetermined operation in the toner refill process may correspond to a predetermined control state of the TRK  130 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine whether to perform the authentication of the TRK  130  based on the omitted predetermined operation. When the authentication of the TRK  130  is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store the refill information in the memory of the TRK  130 . 
     For example, when the state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is obtained immediately after the on state of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that the state information is obtained according to the abnormal refill operation of the TRK  130 . An operation of the image forming apparatus  110  performed by obtaining the state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed immediately after the on state of the image forming apparatus  1100  will be described in detail with reference to  FIGS.  7  to  8   . 
     For example, when the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  is changed to the state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that an operation of docking the TRK  130  to the cartridge is omitted. The image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm whether the information indicating the toner refill completion is stored in the memory of the TRK  130 . When the information indicating the toner refill completion is not stored in the memory of the TRK  130  as a result of confirmation, the image forming apparatus  1100  may store the information indicating the toner refill completion in the memory of the TRK  130 . 
     For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may detect a change from first state information indicating the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  to second state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK  130  to the cartridge is completed. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that the change from the first state information to the second state information is obtained according to the abnormal refill operation of the TRK  130 . An operation of the image forming apparatus  110  performed by detecting the change from the first state information to the second state information will be described in detail in  FIGS.  9  to  10   . 
     For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm whether the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  is included in a predetermined control state of the TRK  130  corresponding to the omitted predetermined operation. When the state in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  is included in the predetermined control state of the TRK  130  corresponding to the omitted predetermined operation, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform authentication of the TRK  130 . 
     In operation  430  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge, based on an amount of toner injected into the cartridge from the TRK  130 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may display the toner remaining amount information through a user interface apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     For example, when the refill information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is stored in the memory of the TRK  130 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may unlock a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1000  such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
       FIG.  5 A  is a flowchart for explaining an operation method of an image forming apparatus for performing a refill operation of the TRK  130 , according to an example. 
     In operation  510  of the image forming apparatus  1100  of  FIG.  5 A , the image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain state information indicating a control state of the TRK  130  that refills toner to a cartridge through a sensor in the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     In operation  520  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine, based on the state information, whether a refill operation of the TRK  130  corresponding to the control state is a normal operation according to a toner refill process. 
     For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine, based on the toner refill process and previous state information of the sensor, whether a change from the previous state information to the state information indicating the control state is a normal change according to the toner refill process. When the change from the previous state information to the state information is an abnormal change, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine a refill operation as an abnormal operation. The operation  520  of the image forming apparatus  1100  will be described in detail in operations  525 - 1  and  525 - 2  of the image forming apparatus  1100  in  FIG.  5 B . 
     In operation  530  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , when the refill operation is the abnormal operation, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform a subsequent operation with respect to the refill operation based on a result of confirming whether an injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed. 
     For example, based on a history of the state information of the sensor and the result of confirming that the injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine at least one operation to be omitted in the toner refill process and at least one subsequent operation to perform in the control state such that the toner refill process may be completed. The determining at least one operation to be omitted in the toner refill process and at least one subsequent operation to perform in the control state such that the toner refill process may be completed will be described in detail in operation  535  of the image forming apparatus  1100  in  FIG.  5 B . 
     For example, when the injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge. The image forming apparatus  1100  may display the updated toner remaining amount information through a user interface apparatus of the image forming apparatus  1100 . Therefore, the image forming apparatus  1100  may correctly reflect and display the remaining toner amount information of the cartridge. 
     As another example, when the injection of toner into the cartridge is not completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may guide the toner in the TRK  130  to be injected into the cartridge. 
     As another example, when the injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may control the TRK  130  to store a refill completion record in a memory in the completely authenticated TRK  130 . In this case, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform re-authentication of the TRK  130  to correctly record the completion of the toner injection into the memory of the TRK  130 . In addition, the image forming apparatus  1100  may unlock a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1100  such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
       FIG.  5 B  is a flowchart for explaining an operation method of the image forming apparatus  1100  for performing a refill operation of the TRK  130 , according to an example. 
     In operation  525 - 1  of the image forming apparatus  1100  in  FIG.  5 B , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine whether a change from previous state information of a sensor to state information is a normal change according to a toner refill process, based on the toner refill process and the previous state information. Here, the state information may be current state information indicating a current control state of the TRK  130 . The image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm whether there is an omitted operation based on the toner refill process and a state information history of the sensor. 
     For example, when the previous state information of the sensor indicates a state in which power of the image forming apparatus  1100  is off and current state information of the sensor indicates a state in which an injection of toner into a cartridge is completed immediately after a state in which the power of the image forming apparatus  1100  is on, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that an operation to be performed in an insertion state or a docking state of the TRK  130  is omitted and determine that a change of the state information of the sensor is an abnormal change. 
     As another example, when the previous state information of the sensor indicates that the control state of the TRK  130  indicates the insertion state and the current state information of the sensor indicates the state in which the injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that an operation to be performed in the docking state of the TRK  130  is omitted, and determine the change of the state information of the sensor as the abnormal change. 
     In operation  525 - 2  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , when the change from the previous state information to the state information is the abnormal change, the image forming apparatus  1100  may change the refill operation to an abnormal operation. 
     In operation  535  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine at least one operation to be omitted in the toner refill process and at least one subsequent operation to be performed in the control state of the toner refill process such that the toner refill process may be completed, based on a history of the state information of the sensor and a result of confirming whether the injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed. 
     For example, when the image forming apparatus  1100  senses through the sensor that the power changes from an off state to an on state and the control state of the TRK  130  is changed to a dispensing state immediately after the on state, the image forming apparatus  1100  may omit an operation to be performed in the insertion state and the docking state of the TRK  130  and may perform an operation to be performed in the dispensing state. Here, the operation to be performed in the dispensing state may include an existing operation to be performed in the dispensing state when the toner refill process is normally performed, and a complementary operation to be performed in the dispensing state by performing the toner refill process abnormally. For example, the supplementary operation may be an operation to perform re-authentication of the TRK  130 . Then, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an operation to be performed in an undocking state. 
     As another example, when it is sensed that the control state of the TRK  130  is changed from the insertion state to the dispensing state through the sensor, the image forming apparatus  1100  may omit an operation to be performed in the docking state of the TRK  130  and may perform the operation to be performed in the dispensing state. Then, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform the operation to be performed in the undocking state. 
       FIG.  6    is a diagram for explaining a control state of the TRK  130  obtained from a sensor, according to an example. 
     As described in  FIG.  3   , the control state of the TRK  130  may be classified into a removal state  610  in which the TRK  130  is removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 , an insertion state  620  in which the TRK  130  is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100 , a docking state  630  in which the TRK  130  is docked in a cartridge such that toner may be injected into the cartridge, a dispensing state  640  in which an injection of the toner into the cartridge is completed and an undocking state  650  in which the TRK  130  is undocked such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
     When the control state of the TRK  130  is changed, a voltage obtained from the sensor may also change. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine, based on the voltage, whether a refill operation corresponding to the control state of the TRK  130  is a normal operation according to a toner refill process. When the toner refill process is normally performed, the control state of the TRK  130  may change in an order of the removal state  610 , the insertion state  620 , the docking state  630 , the dispensing state  640 , the undocking state  650 , and the removal state  610 . 
     For example, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine, based on the toner refill process and previous state information of the sensor, whether a change from the previous state information to current state information is a normal change according to the toner refill process. 
     For example, according to the toner refill process, a change from the removal state  610  to the insertion state  620 , a change from the insertion state  620  to the removal state  610 , a change from the insertion state  620  to the docking state  630 , a change from the docking state  630  to the insertion state  620 , a change from the docking state  630  to the dispensing state  640 , a change from the dispensing state  640  to the undocking state  650 , a change from the undocking state  650  to the dispensing state  640 , a change from the undocking state  650  to the removal state  610 , and a change from the removal state  610  to the undocking state  650  is a change from a preceding state to a following state that is an immediately next state, or a change from the following state to the preceding state that is an immediately previous state, and thus, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the change as a normal change according to the toner refill process. 
     For example, during a refill operation of the TRK  130  corresponding to the insertion state  620 , the docking state  630 , and the undocking state  650 , because the image forming apparatus  1100  does not store whether a refill of toner is completed, a change from a power-on state  601  of the image forming apparatus  1100  to the insertion state  620 , a change from a power-on state  601  to the docking state  630 , and a change from the power-on state  601  to the undocking state  650  may be determined as a normal change according to the toner refill process. 
       FIG.  7    is a diagram for explaining an abnormal operation of the TRK  130 , according to an example. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7   , immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is changed from a power-off state  602  to the power-on state  601 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain state information indicating that a control state of the TRK  130  is the dispensing state  640  from a sensor. When the control state of the TRK  130  is sensed as the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on, an ADC value with respect to the dispensing state  640  may be a value having a predetermined size. That is, the sensor may sense a change  710  of the TRK  130  to the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on. 
     For example, when an injection of toner from the TRK  130  to a cartridge is completed in the power-off state  602  of the image forming apparatus  1100  and the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on, the sensor may recognize a change of a state as the change  710  to the dispensing state  640  immediately after the power-on state  601  of the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     As another example, when the TRK  130  is controlled to the docking state  630  before the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  602  in which power is off, and the injection of the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130  is completed in the power-off state  602 , and the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on, the sensor may recognize a change of a state as the change  710  to the dispensing state  640  immediately after the power-on state  601  of the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     As another example, although the injection of the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130  is completed before the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  602  in which power is off, power is off in a state in which a refill completion of the toner is not stored and then the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on, the sensor may recognize a change of a state as the change  710  to the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on. 
     That is, a case where the state is sensed as the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on may include a case where although the injection of the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130  is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  602  in which power is off, a case where toner remaining amount information of the cartridge is not updated due to an abnormality of the sensor, a case where because locking of a locking apparatus is maintained, the TRK  130  is not removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 , etc. 
     When the control state of the TRK  130  is sensed as the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on, the state may be a state in which the injection of the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130  is completed, and refill completion information of the toner is not stored in the image forming apparatus  1100  or in a memory in the TRK  130 . In this case, an amount of toner actually remaining in the TRK  130  and an amount of toner detected from the information stored in the memory of the TRK  130  may be inconsistent. 
     That is, when the control state of the TRK  130  is sensed as the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on, because the amount of toner actually remaining in the TRK  130  and the amount of toner detected from the information stored in the memory of the TRK  130  are inconsistent, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine the change  710  to the dispensing state  640  immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  is in the state  601  in which power is on as an abnormal change and determine a refill operation of the TRK  130  as an abnormal operation. The image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that the abnormal operation is performed before the state  601  in which power is on. 
       FIG.  8    is a flowchart for explaining a method of performing subsequent operations with respect to an abnormal operation of the TRK  130  detected in  FIG.  7   , according to an example. 
     When the image forming apparatus  1100  changes from a power-off state to a power-on state and a control state of the TRK  130  is changed to a dispensing state immediately after the power-on state, an ADC value obtained from a sensor may be 337, which is an ADC value  821  with respect to the dispensing state, according to a graph  820  of  FIG.  8   . The image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain state information indicating the control state of the TRK  130  based on the ADC value  821 . That is, the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm that the TRK  130  is detected as the dispensing state immediately after the image forming apparatus  1100  changes from the power-off state to the power-on state. When the control state of the TRK  130  is detected as the dispensing state immediately after the power-on state of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine a refill operation by the TRK  130  as the abnormal operation. 
     According to the flowchart  810  of  FIG.  8   , the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform subsequent operations with respect to the abnormal refill operation. 
     In operation  811  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform a re-authentication operation of the TRK  130 . 
     In operation  812  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , after an injection completion of toner, the image forming apparatus  1100  may control the TRK  130  such that a refill completion record is stored in a memory of the TRK  130 . 
     In operation  813  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge. 
     In operation  814  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may unlock a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1100  such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
     Operations  811  to  814  may be performed by the image forming apparatus  1100  in the abnormal refill operation such that the image forming apparatus  1100  may update the toner remaining amount information of the cartridge, store a toner refill completion record in a memory of the TRK  130 , and remove the TRK  130  from the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     That is, as shown in a graph  820  of  FIG.  8   , the image forming apparatus  1100  may omit an operation that needs to be performed in an insertion state and a docking state of the TRK  130  and perform an operation that needs to be performed in a dispensing state. Then, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an operation that needs to be performed in an undocking state. 
       FIG.  9    is a diagram for explaining an abnormal operation of the TRK  130 , according to another example. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9   , a sensor may sense a change  910  of a control state of the TRK  130  from the insertion state  620  to the dispensing state  640 . 
     For example, when the TRK  130  is temporarily separated from the image forming apparatus  1100  during an injection of toner from the TRK  130  to a cartridge, refill completion information of the toner is not stored in the image forming apparatus  1100  or in a memory of the TRK  130  and is combined to the image forming apparatus  1100  again, the sensor may sense the change  910  from the insertion state  620  to the dispensing state  640 . 
     As another example, when a defect in an electrical contact corresponding to the dispensing state  640  of the TRK  130  occurs during a manufacturing process and a distribution process of the TRK  130 , the sensor may sense the change  910  from the insertion state  620  to the dispensing state  640 . 
     When a toner refill process is normally performed, the control state of the TRK  130  may be changed in an order of the removal state  610 , the insertion state  620 , the docking state  630 , the dispensing state  640 , the undocking state  650 , and the removal state  610 . However, when the control state of the TRK  130  is sensed as the dispensing state  640  from the insertion state  620 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine that the docking state  630  of the TRK  130  is omitted. Also, because the control state of the TRK  130  is not sequentially changed according to the toner refill process, even though the control state of the TRK  130  is sensed as the dispensing state  640 , the control state may be a state in which the injection of the toner into the cartridge from the TRK  130  is completed, and refill completion information of the toner is not stored in the image forming apparatus  1100  or in a memory in the TRK  130 . Therefore, an amount of toner actually remaining in the TRK  130  and an amount of toner detected from the information stored in the memory of the TRK  130  may be inconsistent. 
     That is, when a change of the control state of the TRK  130  from the insertion state  620  to the dispensed state  640  is sensed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine a change  910  to the dispensing state  640  from the insertion state  620  as an abnormal change and determine a refill operation of the TRK  130  as an abnormal operation. 
       FIG.  10    is a flowchart for explaining a method of performing subsequent operations with respect to an abnormal operation of the TRK  130  detected in  FIG.  9   , according to an example. 
     When a control state of the TRK  130  is changed from an insertion state to a dispensing state, according to a graph  1020  of  FIG.  10   , an ADC value obtained from a sensor may be changed from 685, which is an ADC value  1022  with respect to the insertion state to 337, which is an ADC value  1023  with respect to the dispensing state. The image forming apparatus  1100  may obtain state information indicating the control state of the TRK  130  based on the obtained ADC value. That is, the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm that the control state of the TRK  130  is changed from the insertion state to the dispensing state. When a change of the control state of the TRK  130  from the insertion state to the dispensing state is detected, the image forming apparatus  1100  may determine a refill operation by the TRK  130  as the abnormal operation. 
     According to a flowchart  1010  of  FIG.  10   , the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform subsequent operations with respect to the abnormal refill operation. 
     In operation  1011  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may confirm whether a toner injection from the TRK  130  into a cartridge is completed. When the toner injection is not completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may display guide information guiding the toner injection. When the toner injection is completed, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform operation  1012 . 
     In operation  1012  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may control the TRK  130  such that a refill completion record is stored in a memory of the TRK  130 . 
     In operation  1013  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge. 
     In operation  1014  of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the image forming apparatus  1100  may unlock a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1100  such that the TRK  130  may be removed from the cartridge. 
     That is, as shown in a graph  1020  of  FIG.  10   , the image forming apparatus  1100  may omit an operation that needs to be performed in a docking state of the TRK  130 , and perform an operation that needs to be performed in the dispensing state. Then, the image forming apparatus  1100  may perform an operation that needs to be performed in an undocking state. 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram showing a configuration of the image forming apparatus  1100  according to an example. 
     The image forming apparatus  1100  shown in  FIG.  11    may include a cartridge  1110 , a user interface apparatus  1120 , a memory  1130 , and a processor  1140 . However, the illustrated components are not indispensable elements. The image forming apparatus  1100  may be implemented by using more or less elements than those illustrated in  FIG.  11   , and the image forming apparatus  1100  may be implemented by fewer components. Hereinafter, the elements will be described. On the other hand, the cartridge  1110  shown in  FIG.  11    may correspond to the cartridge  100  described in  FIG.  1   . 
     The cartridge  1110  may be mounted on the image forming apparatus  1100  or removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 . The cartridge  1110  may include a developing device in which a photosensitive drum and a developing roller are installed, a waste toner container in which a waste toner removed from the photosensitive drum is contained, and a toner container connected to the developing device and containing toner. The toner container may supply the toner to be used for an image forming job to the developing device. When the toner in the toner container is completely exhausted, the toner container may receive toner from a TRK. In addition, the cartridge  1110  may include a toner charging interface that allows toner to be supplied to the cartridge  1100  to which the TRK is connected. 
     The user interface apparatus  1120  may include an input unit for receiving an input for controlling an operation of the image forming apparatus  1100  from a user, etc., and an output unit for displaying information about a result of the operation of the image forming apparatus  1100  or a state of the image forming apparatus  1100 , etc. For example, the user interface apparatus  1120  may include an operation panel for receiving a user input, a display panel for displaying a screen, and the like. 
     For example, the input unit may include, in an example, devices capable of receiving various types of user input, such as a keyboard, a physical button, a touch screen, a camera or a microphone. Further, the output unit may include, in an example, a display panel or a speaker. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the user interface apparatus  1120  may include various devices supporting input/output. 
     The user interface apparatus  1120  may display toner remaining amount information of an amount of toner charged in the cartridge  1110 . For example, the processor  1140  may calculate the amount of toner remaining in the cartridge  1110  in real time. The user interface apparatus  1120  may display the toner remaining amount information of the cartridge  1110  in real time. As another example, the processor  1140  may update the toner remaining amount information of the cartridge  1110  when the toner is refilled to the cartridge  1110 . The user interface apparatus  1120  may display the updated toner remaining amount information of the cartridge  1110 . In addition, the user interface apparatus  1120  may display guide information guiding a method of operating the TRK. 
     The memory  1130  may store programs, data, or files related to the image forming apparatus  1100 . The processor  1140  may execute the programs stored in the memory  1130 , read the data or the files stored in the memory  1130 , or store new files in the memory  1130 . The memory  1130  may store program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., alone or in combination. The memory  1130  may store instructions executable by the processor  1140 . 
     The memory  1130  may store state information obtained from a sensor. Further, the memory  1130  may store the toner remaining amount information of the cartridge  1110 . In addition, the memory  1130  may store a program for controlling the operation of the image forming apparatus  1100  such that a refill operation may be normally performed when the refill operation by the TRK is detected as an abnormal operation. 
     The processor  1140  may control the overall operation of the image forming apparatus  1100 , and may include at least one processor such as a CPU or the like. The processor  1140  may include at least one specialized processor corresponding to each function or may be an integrated processor. 
     The processor  1140  may obtain state information indicating a control state of the TRK in which the toner is refilled to the cartridge  1110  through the sensor in the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     For example, the processor  1140  may obtain a voltage of the TRK indicating a state in which the TRK is combined to the image forming apparatus  1100  through the sensor. The processor  1140  may obtain state information indicating the control state of the TRK based on the voltage. 
     Here, the voltage may be determined based on a resistance that varies to an on state or an off state of an electrical contact of the TRK, according to the state in which the TRK is combined to the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     For example, the control state of the TRK may include a first state in which the TRK is removed from the image forming apparatus  1100 , a second state in which the TRK is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100 , a third state in which the TRK is docked in the cartridge  1110  such that the toner may be injected into the cartridge in the second state, a fourth state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK into the cartridge  1110  is completed, and a fifth state in which the TRK is undocked such that the TRK may be removed from the cartridge  1110  in the third state. 
     When state information of the sensor indicates a state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK to the cartridge  1110  is completed, the processor  1140  may control the TRK to store refill information indicating a toner refill completion in the memory of the TRK. 
     For example, when the state information of the sensor indicates the state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK to the cartridge  1110  is completed, the processor  1140  may confirm whether the refill information is stored in the memory of the TRK. When the refill information is not stored in the memory of the TRK, the processor  1140  may control the TRK to store the refill information in the memory of the TRK. 
     For example, when the state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is obtained while a predetermined operation in a toner refill process is omitted, the processor  1140  may determine that the state information is obtained according to an abnormal refill operation of the TRK. Here, the predetermined operation in the toner refill process may correspond to a predetermined control state of the TRK. The processor  1140  may determine whether to perform the authentication of the TRK based on the omitted predetermined operation. When authentication of the TRK is completed, the processor  1140  may store the refill information in the memory of the TRK. 
     For example, when the state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is obtained immediately after the on state of the image forming apparatus  1100 , the processor  1140  may determine that the state information is obtained according to the abnormal refill operation of the TRK. 
     As another example, the processor  1140  may detect a change from first state information indicating the state in which the TRK is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  to second state information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner from the TRK to the cartridge  1110  is completed. The processor  1140  may determine that the change from the first state information to the second state information is obtained according to the abnormal refill operation of the TRK. 
     For example, the processor  1140  may confirm whether the state in which the TRK is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  is included in a predetermined control state of the TRK corresponding to the omitted predetermined operation. When the state in which the TRK is inserted into the image forming apparatus  1100  is included in the predetermined control state of the TRK corresponding to the omitted predetermined operation, the processor  1140  may perform authentication of the TRK. 
     The processor  1140  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge  1110 , based on an amount of toner injected into the cartridge  1110  from the TRK. The processor  1140  may control the user interface apparatus  1120  to display the toner remaining amount information. 
     For example, when the refill information indicating the state in which the injection of the toner is completed is stored in the memory of the TRK, the processor  1140  may unlock a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1000  such that the TRK may be removed from the cartridge  1110 . 
     The processor  1140  may determine, based on the state information, whether the refill operation of the TRK corresponding to the control state is a normal operation according to the toner refill process. 
     For example, the processor  1140  may determine, based on the toner refill process and previous state information of the sensor, whether a change from the previous state information to the state information indicating the control state is a normal change according to the toner refill process. Here, the state information may be current state information indicating a current control state of the TRK. The processor  1140  may confirm whether there is an omitted operation based on the toner refill process and a state information history of the sensor. 
     For example, when the previous state information of the sensor indicates a state in which power of the image forming apparatus  1100  is off, and current state information of the sensor indicates a state in which an injection of toner into the cartridge  1110  is completed immediately after a state in which the power of the image forming apparatus  1100  is on, the processor  1140  may determine that an operation to be performed in an insertion state or a docking state of the TRK is omitted and determine that a change of the state information of the sensor is an abnormal change. 
     As another example, when the previous state information of the sensor indicates that the control state of the TRK indicates the insertion state and the current state information of the sensor indicates the state in which the injection of the toner into the cartridge  1110  is completed, the processor  1140  may determine that an operation to be performed in the docking state of the TRK is omitted, and determine the change of the state information of the sensor as the abnormal change. 
     When the change from the previous state information to the state information is the abnormal change, the processor  1140  may change the refill operation to an abnormal operation. 
     When the refill operation is the abnormal operation, the processor  1140  may perform a subsequent operation with respect to the refill operation based on a result of confirming whether the injection of the toner into the cartridge  1110  is completed. 
     For example, based on a history of the state information of the sensor and the result of confirming that the injection of the toner into the cartridge  1110  is completed, the processor  1140  may determine at least one operation to be omitted in the toner refill process and at least one subsequent operation to perform in the control state such that the toner refill process may be completed. 
     For example, when the image forming apparatus  1100  senses through the sensor that the power changes from an off state to an on state and the control state of the TRK is changed to a dispensing state immediately after the on state, the processor  1140  may omit an operation to be performed in the insertion state and the docking state of the TRK, and may perform an operation to be performed in the dispensing state. Here, the operation to be performed in the dispensing state may include an existing operation to be performed in the dispensing state when the toner refill process is normally performed, and a complementary operation to be performed in the dispensing state by performing the toner refill process abnormally. For example, the supplementary operation may be an operation to perform re-authentication of the TRK. Then, the processor  1140  may perform an operation to be performed in an undocking state. 
     As another example, when it is sensed that the control state of the TRK is changed from the insertion state to the dispensing state through the sensor, the processor  1140  may omit an operation to be performed in the docking state of the TRK and may perform the operation to be performed in the dispensing state. Then, the processor  1140  may perform the operation to be performed in the undocking state. 
     For example, when the injection of the toner into the cartridge  1110  is completed, the processor  1140  may update toner remaining amount information of the cartridge  1110 . The processor  1140  may display the updated toner remaining amount information through the user interface apparatus  1120  of the image forming apparatus  1100 . 
     As another example, when the injection of toner into the cartridge  1110  is not completed, the processor  1140  may guide the toner in the TRK to be injected into the cartridge  1110 . For example, the processor  1140  may display guide information guiding a method of operating the TRK through the user interface apparatus  1120 . 
     As another example, when the injection of the toner into the cartridge  1110  is completed, the processor  1140  may control the TRK to store a refill completion record in the memory in the completely authenticated TRK. Further, the processor  1140  may unlock a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus  1100  such that the TRK may be removed from the cartridge  1110 . 
     The above-described operation method of the image forming apparatus  1100  may be embodied in form of a computer-readable recording medium storing computer-executable instructions or data. The above-described examples may be written as computer programs and may be implemented in general-use digital computers that execute the programs using a computer-readable recording medium. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), flash memory, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD+Rs, CD-RWs, CD+RWs, DVD-ROMs, DVD-Rs, DVD+Rs, DVD-RWs, DVD+RWs, DVD-RAMs, BD-ROMs, BD-Rs, BD-R LTHs, BD-REs, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical data storage device, an optical data storage device, a hard disk, a solid-state disk (SSD), and any device capable of storing machine readable instructions, related data, a data file, and data structures and providing the machine readable instructions, the related data, the data file, and the data structures to a processor or a computer such that the processor or the computer execute the instruction. 
     While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to examples thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims. In an example, an appropriate result may be attained even when the above-described techniques are performed in a different order from the above-described method, and/or components, such as the above-described system, structure, device, and circuit, are coupled or combined in a different form from the above-described methods or substituted for or replaced by other components or equivalents thereof. 
     It should be understood that examples described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense and not for limitation. Descriptions of features within each example should be considered as available for other similar features in other examples. While examples have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.