Patent Publication Number: US-11662900-B2

Title: Application control using a gesture based trigger

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/115,268, filed on Dec. 8, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,169,699, which is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/597,797, filed on Oct. 9, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,884,616, which is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/169,288, filed on May 31, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,474,353, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to control of an application through a display device and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to control of an application through a display device using gesture based triggers. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Users can interact with applications executing on mobile devices through touchscreen displays of the mobile devices. The touchscreen displays have limited screen size, and only a limited number of user interface objects, such as input and output elements (e.g., on-screen keyboard), menus, and other user interface objects (e.g., checkboxes, text entry fields), can be displayed on a given touchscreen display at any one time. These limitations make controlling applications through mobile devices difficult and can overall hamper user experience. Further, in some cases, some users may be limited to manipulating their respective mobile devices with only one available hand, which further worsens user experience. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some example embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram illustrating a networked system, according to some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram showing example components provided within the post series client application system of  FIG.  1   , according to some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    is a flow diagram illustrating an example method for using a gesture based trigger in a subscription process, according to some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    is a flow diagram illustrating an example method for executing the gesture based trigger, according to some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    is a flow diagram illustrating an example method for executing the gesture based trigger, according to some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  6    is an interaction diagram illustrating network interactions between a client device and an application server, according to example embodiments. 
         FIGS.  7 A-K  show user interfaces illustrating use of a gesture based trigger, according to example embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    is a flow diagram illustrating an example method for using a gesture based trigger in a sample request process, according to some example embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    is an interaction diagram illustrating network interactions between a client device and an application server, according to example embodiments. 
         FIGS.  10 A-I  show user interfaces illustrating use of a gesture based trigger, according to example embodiments. 
         FIG.  11    is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable medium and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various example embodiments of the present subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that the example embodiments of the present subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. 
     In various example embodiments, a computing device, such as a mobile computing device having a touchscreen display, can display an electronic document having a first portion and a second portion. The axis or direction of navigation of the electronic document corresponds to the orientation of the first and second portions; e.g., an electronic document having a first portion above a second portion defines a vertical axis of navigation (e.g., scroll direction), as according to an example embodiment. When the electronic document is initially displayed on the client device, the first portion may be displayed and the second portion may lie out of view, not displayed. As mentioned, a user may make a swipe gesture, e.g., swipe up, on the touchscreen along the axis of navigation, in a scroll direction, causing the second portion to be displayed (e.g., the first portion scrolls up and out of view, and the second portion scrolls into view from the bottom of the touchscreen display). 
     The second portion includes a gesture trigger, such as a modification trigger, that is configured to, upon execution of the trigger, minimize or otherwise remove the electronic document from the touchscreen display. The gesture trigger may further be configured to, upon execution of the trigger, perform further actions, such as subscribing to a series of electronic documents or submitting a transaction. In an example embodiment, the gesture trigger is triggered when a user swipes along a direction of navigation, on the second portion, through the touchscreen display. 
     With reference to  FIG.  1   , an example embodiment of a high-level client-server-based network architecture  100  is shown. A network-based publishing system  104 , in the example form of a post publication system, provides server-side functionality via a network  102  (e.g., the Internet or wide area network (WAN)) to one or more client devices  106 . In some implementations, a user (e.g., user  199 ) interacts with the network-based publishing system  104  using the client device  106 . 
       FIG.  1    illustrates, for example, client device  106  including a post series client application  110  through which user  199  may receive and view ephemeral posts and electronic documents, each of which may be part of a post series. A post series is a series of web posts generated by a third party server  108  or other users through their own respective client devices executing post series client applications. In some example embodiments, a post 
     series can be all posts from an individual user that user  199  can receive and display on client device  106 . The posts may be ephemeral and automatically be removed from display or deleted from client device  106  after a specified time. Similarly, electronic documents may also be part of a series in that they all come from the same source (e.g., same user, same publisher) or are otherwise identified as part of a specific series through a common identifier (e.g., a company name, post series name). 
     In various implementations, the client device  106  includes a computing device that includes at least a display and communication capabilities that provide access to the network-based publishing system  104  via the network  102 . The client device  106  includes, but is not limited to, a remote device, work station, computer, general purpose computer, Internet appliance, hand-held device, wireless device, portable device, wearable computer, cellular or mobile phone, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), smart phone, tablet, ultrabook, netbook, laptop, desktop, multi-processor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronic, game consoles, set-top box, network Personal Computer (PC), mini-computer, and so forth. In an example embodiment, the client device  106  includes one or more of a touch screen, accelerometer, gyroscope, biometric sensor, camera, microphone, Global Positioning System (GPS) device, and the like. 
     The client device  106  communicates with the network  102  via a wired or wireless connection. For example, one or more portions of the network  102  includes an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wireless Fidelity (WI-FI®) network, a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) network, another type of network, or any suitable combination thereof. 
     As discussed above, in some example embodiments, the client device  106  includes one or more of the applications such as post series client application  110 . In some implementations, the post series client application  110  includes various components operable to present information to the user  199  and communicate with network-based publishing system  104  as discussed in further detail below. 
     The post series client application  110  may be implemented as a standalone application executed on top of the operating system of client device  106 , as according to some example embodiments. In some example embodiments, the post series client application  110  runs within a web client (e.g., browser) on the client device  106  to access the various systems of the networked system  104  via the web interface supported by a web server  116 . Similarly, according to some example embodiments, the post series client application  110  accesses the various services and functions provided by the network-based publishing system  104  via a programmatic interface provided by an Application Program Interface (API) server  114 . 
     Users (e.g., the user  199 ) can include a person, a machine, or other means of interacting with the client device  106 . In some example embodiments, the user is not part of the network architecture  100 , but interacts with the network architecture  100  via the client device  106  or another means. For instance, the user provides input (e.g., touch screen input or alphanumeric input) to the client device  106  and the input is communicated to the network-based publishing system  104  via the network  102 . In this instance, the network-based publishing system  104 , in response to receiving the input from the user, communicates information to the client device  106  via the network  102  to be presented to the user. In this way, the user can interact with the network-based publishing system  104  using the client device  106 . 
     The API server  114  and the web server  116  are coupled to, and provide programmatic and web interfaces respectively to, one or more application server  118 . The application server  118  can host an electronic post publication system  124  that includes one or more modules or applications, each of which can be embodied as hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. The application server  118  is, in turn, shown to be coupled to one or more database servers  120  that facilitate access to one or more information storage repositories or database(s)  122 . In an example embodiment, the database(s)  122  are storage devices that store information to be posted (e.g., posts, electronic documents, series thereof) via the electronic post publication system  124 . The database(s)  122  store subscription information, payment information, inventory information, order information, and user information (e.g., user profile data, username/password, preferences of user  199 ) to perform the operations discussed below. 
     Additionally, a post series generator app  128 , executing on third party server  108 , is shown as having programmatic access to the network-based publishing system  104  via the programmatic interface provided by the API server  114 . The post series generator app  128  is, according to some example embodiments, an application configured to publish posts (e.g., ephemeral posts) and electronic documents to the electronic post publication system  124  for publication to one or more post series client applications  110  of subscribing users. 
     Further, while the client-server-based network architecture  100  shown in  FIG.  1    employs a client-server architecture, the present subject matter is, of course, not limited to such an architecture, and can equally well find application in a distributed, or peer-to-peer, architecture system, for example. The various systems of the applications server(s)  118  (e.g., the electronic post publication system  124 ) can also be implemented as standalone software programs, which do not necessarily have networking capabilities. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a block diagram showing components in the post series client application  110 , according to some example embodiments. The components themselves are communicatively coupled (e.g., via appropriate interfaces) to each other and to various data sources, so as to allow information to be passed between the applications or so as to allow the applications to share and access common data. Furthermore, the components access one or more database(s)  122  via the database server  120 . To this end, the post series client application  110  includes an interface engine  200 , a display engine  205 , post series engine  210 , trigger engine  215 , and an action engine  220 , as according to an example embodiment. 
     The interface engine  200  is configured (e.g., by software) to interface the post series client application  110  with the client device  106 . In some example embodiments, the client device  106  implements a native operating system having a library of interface objects and look-and-feel specifications. For example, the client device  106  may be a mobile phone or smartphone, and the native operating system may be a mobile native operating system that can download applications or “apps” from an app store for local execution. 
     Users, such as user  199 , may interact with the downloaded apps through a touchscreen display of the client device  106 . In some example embodiments, the operating system of the client device  106  includes native functionality to receive user input and interpret user interactions through the touchscreen display. The native operating system may forward the interpreted user interactions to interface engine  200 , for example, when the user interaction involves selection or manipulation of objects in a user interface of the post series client application  110 . The interface engine  200  may receive the interpreted user interactions and complete operations in concert with the other engines of the post series client application  110 . Still, in some example embodiments, the interface engine  200  is configured to natively receive and interpret user interactions as gestures in place of the client device  106 ; such as, for example, in implementations where the client device  106  does not include such native functionality. 
     The display engine  205  is responsible for displaying the user interface elements in conjunction with the other engines in the post series client application  110 . For example, in response to a user selecting (e.g., clicking, tapping, or tapping-and-holding) an icon for an electronic document, the display engine  205  may receive a gesture notification from the interface engine  200  that the electronic document icon has been selected and, in response, the display engine  205  may generate a display of the selected elements on the display of the client device  106 . 
     The post series engine  210  is responsible for managing the posts, which may include electronic documents or other types of posts, such as ephemeral posts. In some example embodiments, ephemeral posts have a smaller file size than electronic documents, though both electronic documents and ephemeral posts may be only temporarily accessible through the client device  106 , as discussed in further detail below. The electronic documents may have one or more portions (e.g., top portion, middle portion, bottom portion) that a user can scroll or navigate to along a direction of navigation; for example, where the electronic document has a total display size (e.g., pixel size) that is larger than the available screen size (e.g., pixel screen size) of the display screen of the client device  106 . In those implementations, the display engine  205  may receive one or more navigation gestures from the interface engine  200 . The navigation gestures may include one or more of the following: swipes, drag-and-hold in a direction, double tap on edge of document to navigate in the direction of the edge, and other navigation interactions. Responsive to the received navigation gestures, the display engine  205  may scroll or navigate to a portion of the electronic document that is not currently viewable or displayed on the display screen of the client device  106 . 
     The trigger engine  215  is responsible for managing the trigger actions of the post series client application  110 . In some example embodiments, the trigger engine  215  activates a trigger (e.g., a modification trigger), in response to portions of an electronic document being displayed. The trigger engine  215  is further configured to execute the trigger. The trigger specifies a function for handling by the action engine  220 , The function specifies one or more actions to be performed. 
     The action engine  220  is configured to perform one or more actions in response to the trigger engine  215  executing the trigger. In particular, according to at least one example embodiment, in executing the trigger, the trigger engine  215  specifies a function configured to perform different actions, such as terminating, closing, or minimizing the displayed electronic documented, creating a subscription request, and transmitting the subscription request. In some example embodiments, the trigger is configured to direct or redirect the client device  106  to a website upon the trigger being executed. In some example embodiments, the trigger is configured to, upon the trigger being executed, retrieve content electronic documents) that is similar to the current electronic document. The similar content may be retrieved from the e-post publication system  124 . Further, in some example embodiments, the similar content is retrieved from third party servers, such as third party server  108 . The similar content may then be stored by the post series client application  110  for later display, or may automatically be displayed upon being retrieved. 
     In some example embodiments, the trigger is configured to, upon the trigger being executed, start a communication with a chat-hot or human agent of the provider of the electronic document or the series. In some example embodiments, the trigger is configured via the executable code to, upon the trigger being executed, submit a search to a search engine and display results. In those example embodiments, the executable code may specify a search string and a search engine server to perform the search upon the trigger being executed. The search string may include or otherwise specify keywords that are in the electronic document. For example, the electronic document may discuss ideas for things to do in a given city, e.g., New York City, and the trigger may be configured to search for flights to New York City, upon the user  199  swiping up, Once the gesture is received, the action engine  220  causes the client device  110  to transmit the search string to a search engine or flight website, and the results are returned for display on client device  110 , as according to some example embodiments. Accordingly, the trigger can be configured to perform other client device or network communication operations in a similar manner (e.g., configuring the executable code to perform the desired operation). 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a flowchart for a method  300  of performing a subscription request using a modification trigger, as according to some example embodiments. At operation  305 , the display engine  205  displays a first portion of an electronic document on the client device  106 . At operation  310 , a first gesture is received by the client device  106 . In some example embodiments, the first gesture is received directly on the first portion of the electronic document, through the touchscreen display of the client device  110 . 
     At operation  315 , in response to receiving the first gesture on the first portion of the electronic document, the display engine  205  displays a second portion of the electronic document. In some example embodiments, the display engine  205  displays the second portion of the electronic document using a scrolling transition (e.g., sliding the first portion off display while sliding the second portion onto the display). Other transitions, such as panning, sliding, fading in/out, may be similarly implemented to display the second portion of the electronic document. 
     At operation  320 , the interface engine  200  receives an indication that a second gesture was made on a second portion of the electronic document. In some example embodiments, the information is generated from the native operating system of the client device  106 . 
     As illustrated, operations  330 ,  335 , and  340  may be included as part of a trigger operation  325 . In some example embodiments, the trigger operation  325  is executed when the second portion of the electronic document is displayed and a swipe up gesture is received on the second portion. The direction “up” may be relative to the orientation of the client device  106  or the orientation of the displayed application, where for example, the application display has been rotated 180 degrees responsive to the client device  106  being rotated. 
     Continuing at operation  330 , in response to receiving the second gesture on the second portion, the display engine  205  collapses (e.g., minimizes) the interface of the electronic document. In some example embodiments, the collapse of the interface of the electronic document includes removing from display the first portion, the second portion, and any other portions included within the body of the electronic document. Further, in some example embodiments, the collapsing of the interface of the electronic document includes removing from display the one or more portions and minimizing the electronic document to an icon within a primary application display area of the post series client application  110 . 
     At operation  335 , the action engine  220  generates a subscription request. In some example embodiments, the subscription request includes information such as the time at which the second gesture was received (e.g., operating system time of client device  106 , time of receipt of the gesture information by interface engine  200 ), user data (e.g., username/password), verification tokens, client ID, network ID, payment information that may be included along with the subscription request. At operation  340 , the action engine  220  transmits the subscription request to the interface engine  200 , which transmits the subscription request through network  102  to API server  114  to application server  118  and finally to the destination, the electronic post publication system  124 . As described in further detail below, the electronic post publication system  124  may use the data in the subscription request to update information (e.g., subscription information) for user  199  in database  122  via database server  120 . 
     At operation  345 , the display engine  205  may automatically display future posts or electronic documents received from the electronic post publication system  124 . In some example embodiments, the posts received at operation  345  are posts or electronic documents published after the point in time in which the second gesture was received at operation  320 . The display operations of operation  345  may be automatically configured so that the client/server exchange patterns are reversed. For example, the one or more servers  118  may initiate communications with the post series client application  110  by pushing future posts or electronic documents to the client device  106  for automatic download and/or display. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a flow chart for a method  400  for trigger execution, as according to some example embodiments. The operations of method  400  may be a sub-routine between the operation  320  (in which the second gesture is received) and operation  345  (which is an operation occurring in response to the trigger being executed) of  FIG.  3   . 
     As discussed, at operation  320 , the interface engine  200  receives an indication that a gesture has been received through the display screen of the client device  106 . The gesture may be in any direction, e.g., up/down, right/left with respect to the orientation of the client device  106  or displayed application. 
     At operation  410 , the trigger engine  215  determines whether the second portion of the electronic document is currently being displayed on the client device  106 . If the second portion of the electronic document is not displayed (e.g., the first portion of the electronic document is being displayed), then at operation  415 , the trigger is not executed. Alternately, going back to operation  410 , if it is determined that the second portion of the electronic is being displayed, then at operation  325 , the trigger is executed by the trigger engine  215 , thereby causing operations  330 ,  335 , and  340  to be performed, as discussed above. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a flowchart for a method  500  of executing the trigger, as according to some example embodiments. The method  500  of  FIG.  5    may be combined with  FIG.  3   , as illustrated. In particular, for example, the operation  315  involve displaying the second portion of the electronic document. When the second portion of the electronic document is displayed, at operation  505  the trigger is activated by the trigger engine  215 . The activation of the trigger at operation  505  occurs between operations  315  and  320  of  FIG.  3   , according to some example embodiments. 
     In some example embodiments, the operation of activating the trigger at operation  505  is performed by loading executable code into a memory portion of the client device  106  in response to displaying the second portion. For example, the second portion can include embedded trigger code that activates the trigger when the second portion is displayed or rendered on the post series client application  110 . In some example embodiments, loading the second portion of the electronic document loads a control object into the memory of the client device  106 . The control object is managed by the client device  110  operating system, and is included natively as a feature that applications built for the client device  110  operation system can invoke, as according to some example embodiments. In those example embodiments, the control object activates and awaits receipt of gestures in a specified direction to execute the trigger. For example, the specified direction may be along the direction of navigation, e.g., an upward swipe. 
     At operation  320 , the interface engine  200  receives an indication from the client device  106  that the user of the client device  106  has made a gesture through the display screen. At operation  515 , the trigger engine  215  determines whether the received gesture is in the specified direction of navigation. If the gesture is not made in the direction of navigation, then at operation  520 , the trigger is not executed. If it is determined at operation  515  that the gesture received at operation  510  is in the direction specified, then the trigger engine  215  executes the trigger at operation  525 , thereby causing operations  330 ,  335 , and  340  to be performed, as discussed above. After the trigger is executed, at operation  345 , the display engine  205  may automatically download and display future posts or electronic documents received from the electronic post publication system  124 . 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an interaction diagram between the client device  106  and the application server  118 . Although  FIG.  6    illustrates a client device  106  and application server  118 , one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates the client device  106  may perform the operations in  FIG.  6    through the post series client application.  110 , and the application server  118  may perform the operations in  FIG.  6    through the electronic post publication system  124 . The operations of  FIG.  6    illustrate a method  600  for generating a subscription request in response to a modification trigger being executed. 
     At operation  605 , the action engine  220  identifies data for inclusion in the subscription request. The information may include a timestamp and client data. The timestamp is identified by looking up current client device  106  time or determining the time when the gesture was performed, or determining the time when an indication of the gesture being performed is received by interface engine  200 . The client data includes information needed to submit a subscription request, including one or more of the following: user identification, verification information (e.g., username, password, or authentication token), identification of the series of posts to subscribe to, and type of subscription (e.g., levels of service, frequency of publication, etc.), payment information for paid subscription, or other data needed to subscribe. 
     At operation  610 , the action engine  220  uses the information gathered at operation  605  and any network information (e.g., server address, requisite API data) needed to generate the subscription request. The generated subscription request is then transferred from the client device  106  to the application server  118 . 
     At operation  615 , the application server  118  receives the subscription request and uses the data in the subscription request to update a database, such as local database  122 , with the timestamp data and the client data of operation  605 . At operation  620 , application server  118  receives other series posts, such as additional electronic documents or other ephemeral posts for publication. In some example embodiments, the additional electronic documents or ephemeral posts may be received from third party server  108  through a post series generator app  128 . The electronic post publication system  124  receives the one or more additional series posts from third party server  108  and stores them in database  122  via database server  120 . A post may be identified via the post series engine  210  as belonging to a particular series via a series identifier tag or data value. Series from different third party servers may be stored by their respective identifiers in database  122  by the electronic post publication system  124 . 
     At operation  625 , the application server  118  transmits posts having newer timestamps for automatic download by client device  106  in response to a request checking for new posts from client device  106  or as part of a push operation. 
     At operation  630 , the client device  106  may automatically download the series posts. For example, the post series client application  110  may be configured to automatically download the newer posts without user interaction. In particular, when the post series client application  110  is initiated (e.g., starts-up) on client device  106 , the post series engine  210  may send a request to electronic post publication system  124  to check for any new posts published since the post series client application  110  was last closed. Further, in some example embodiments, the automatic download of operation  630  may be implemented as a push operation, where the client device  106  is configured to automatically download the pushed publications while the client device  106  is running. Further, in some example embodiments, when the post series client application  110  is closed or not running, the native operating system of the client device  106  may still receive notification of the push operation from application server  118  and create a push notification on the display of the client device  106  and/or download the new posts as a background process so that when the post series client application  110  is initiated, the newer posts may be retrieved from local memory of the client device  106 . 
     At operation  635 , the client device  106  may automatically display the newer series posts upon receipt. In some example embodiments, the client device  106  may download the newer posts and not display the content of the posts (e.g., first portion, second portion), but instead show an icon for the post (e.g., thumbnail) that indicates new posts have been downloaded. Example indications may include a visible modification of the default icon (e.g., read posts may be grayed out, but newer unread posts may be lighter or more vibrantly colored), animations, or visible overlay tags. 
       FIG.  7 A  illustrates client device  106  implemented, as an example, as a smartphone having a touchscreen display  700  that allows a user  199  to interact with the post series client application  110 . 
     As illustrated, the post series client application  110  includes a display of a plurality of electronic documents represented by icons  7774 -C in a electronic document display area  707 , as according to an example embodiment. The plurality of electronic documents may be populated within display area  707  according to usage data of user  199 . The usage data may be collected and stored by client device  106  as user  199  uses post series client application  110 . The usage data, for example, may include one or more of the following: most commonly accessed electronic documents, most commonly accessed ephemeral posts, the type of content in the accessed electronic documents or ephemeral posts, geographical location data collected from the GPS sensor of client device  106  (e.g., location data indicating that user  199  is near London, New York City, etc.), or past subscriptions to series posts. In some example embodiments, the user  199  may navigate an electronic document catalog from which the user  199  may browse through different electronic documents for selection and subscription. 
     It is appreciated that the actual content of the documents (e.g., first portion, second portion) may not be displayed in the electronic document display area but rather be linked to by a corresponding icon for each document or documents in the series. For example, “Cheshire Social” may correspond to a series of electronic documents that are represented by an icon  777 A; “The Treacle Well” may correspond to a series of electronic documents that are represented by an icon  777 B; and “Hatter &amp; Hare” may correspond to a series of electronic documents represented by an icon  777 C. Though only three series and corresponding icons  777 A-C are depicted, it is appreciated that any number of series and icons may be displayed within display area  707 , for example, in an alternating manner (e.g., carousel scroll). When the user  199  selects one of the icons  777 A-C, the post series engine  210  retrieves the newest electronic document of the series from local memory of the client device  106  and loads it on the touchscreen display  700 . In some example embodiments, if the newest electronic document has not been downloaded to local memory of the client device  106 , the post series client application  110  may transmit a server request to electronic post publication system  124  requesting the latest electronic documents. 
     Further, according to some example embodiments, the post series client application  110  also displays a plurality of ephemeral posts in the ephemeral display area  715 . When user  199  selects one of the posts, the post series engine  210  may retrieve the latest post from local memory or electronic post publication system  124  and display it. The ephemeral posts may display an image, a video, and/or a text for a preconfigured duration of time before automatically being deleted or removed from the display interface of the touchscreen display  700 . The duration of time may be preconfigured by the creator of the post (e.g., another user), the post series client application  110  or the electronic post publication system  124 . As with the electronic documents, each ephemeral post may belong to a series from other users. For example, all posts from the user “Dromio” may be considered as part of the same series. 
     Continuing, assuming user  199  selects icon  777 A, the interface engine  200  will receive an indication from client device  106  that the user  199  has made a selection of the icon  777 A, which will trigger the post series engine  210  to retrieve the electronic document corresponding to icon  777 A and cause the display engine  205  to display the electronic document as illustrated in  FIG.  7 B . 
       FIG.  7 B  illustrates an electronic document corresponding to icon  777 A. In particular, a top portion  710 A 0  of the electronic document  710 A is initially displayed when the electronic document  710 A is selected by user  199 . Electronic document  710 A is a multipart document, some portions on-screen and some portions off-screen, as according to some example embodiments. In  FIG.  7 B , the top portion of  710 A is visible and on-screen, and other parts (e.g.,  710 A 1 , and  710 A 2 ) of electronic document  710 A, are off-screen but are displayed in the following figures when navigated to, as according to some example embodiments. 
     In some example embodiments, each portion (e.g.,  710 A 0 ,  710 A 1 , and  710 A 2 ) of the electronic document  710 A fills the entire the area of a primary application interface area  111  (e.g., an area of the touchscreen display  700  where the running application is displayed, excluding the status bar along the top). The top portion  710 A 0  of the interface includes a title, descriptive text, and an action element  720 , according to an example embodiment. The action element  720 , in some example embodiments, is a non-active element of the multi-portion electronic document. The action element  720  may not be linked or associated with a control object but rather includes instructions that the user  199  may use to navigate through the multi-portion electronic document. 
       FIG.  7 C  illustrates a user  199  making a swipe-up gesture through the touchscreen display  700 , as indicated by gesture indicator  725 . The gesture indicator  725  is illustrated to show that the direction of the gesture is not necessarily included or displayed on the touchscreen display  700 . In some example embodiments, the interface engine  200  or the client device  106  has configured logic to determine whether a display gesture is along the axis of navigation, e.g., whether the gesture is up, approximately up, or not up, based on an angle threshold. For example, a gesture beyond an angle threshold of 45 degrees may not be counted as being an up swipe or an up gesture. 
       FIG.  7 G  shows the post series client application  110  navigating from the top portion  710 A 0  of the electronic document to the first portion  710 A 1  of the electronic document. The swipe received as indicated by gesture indicator  725  in  FIG.  7 C  was along the axis of navigation  713  relative to the top portion  710 A 0  and the first portion  710 A 1 ; that is, in the up-down or vertical axis. The axis of navigation is displayed as an upward arrow corresponding to an example embodiment where the reader swipes up, with respect to the primary application display area  111 , and the top portion  710 A 0  scrolls up out of view as the first portion  710 A 1  scrolls up into view, from the bottom of the primary application display area  111 . 
       FIG.  7 E  illustrates the post series client application  110  displaying the first portion  710 A 1  of the electronic document corresponding to icon  777 A. Similar to the top portion  710 A 0 , the first portion  710 A 1  can also fill the entirety of the primary application display area  111  for client device  106 .  FIG.  7 F  shows user  199  performing a second gesture  730  on the first portion  710 A 1  of the electronic document. 
       FIG.  7 G  illustrates the transition along the axis of navigation  713  relative to the first portion  710 A 1  and a second portion  710 A 2  of the electronic document.  FIG.  7 H  illustrates the post series client application  110  displaying the second portion  710 A 2  of the electronic document. As illustrated, the second portion  710 A 2  may also fill the entirety of the primary application display area  111  for the post series client application  110 . The second portion  710 A 2  includes an action element  735 , The action element  735  may be an indicator of interactions options that the user  199  can perform when the second portion  710 A 2  is displayed, though it is appreciated that the interaction options can be indicated from touching on any portion of the second portion  710 A 2 . For example, as explained with reference to  FIG.  5   , when the second portion  710 A 2  is displayed, a trigger is activated at operation  505  after which the trigger engine  215  may receive notification of any gesture anywhere in second portion  710 A 2 , not necessarily directly on the action element  735 . 
       FIG.  7 I  illustrates the user  199  making an upward swipe display gesture  740  on the second portion  710 A 2 . As illustrated, the gesture  740  is along the axis of navigation  713 .  FIG.  7 J  displays the actions responsive to display gesture  740 . In particular, responsive to gesture  740 , the interface of the electronic document including the top portion  710 A 0 , first portion  710 A 1 , and second portion  710 A 2  is collapsed, fades-out, or otherwise returns to a display of the home screen of post series client application  110 .  FIG.  7 K  shows a return to the home screen of post series client application  110 . 
     The subscription operation is then sent out before, after, and/or during the transition from the second portion  710 A 2  to the home screen, as according to some example embodiments. As illustrated in  FIG.  7 K , a notification icon  745  may be overlaid on icon  777 A to indicate to user  199  that the subscription request has been submitted and the user  199  has subscribed to the series of documents identified as “Cheshire Social” or another identifier value that identifies “Cheshire Social” series of posts. In some example embodiments, where network connectivity is low or zero, the notification icon  745  may still be displayed to show the user  199  the subscription request has been triggered. When client device  106  is able to connect to network  102 , the subscription request may be transmitted to application server  118 . 
     Further, responsive to the subscription request being received, the subscribed-to series may be placed in first (e.g., left most) among the plurality of electronic document icons  777 A-C in display area  707 . Further, responsive to the subscription request, the post series client application  110  may receive pushes from ephemeral posts of the series. For example, as illustrated, the “Cheshire Ephemeral Post”  750  is associated with the series posts and may be automatically displayed in the ephemeral display area  715 . 
     The modification trigger may also be used to collapse an electronic document and perform other actions via the action engine  220 , such as ordering a sample of an item discussed in an electronic document, as according to an example embodiment.  FIG.  8    shows a flowchart for a method  800  of performing a sample request for an item using a modification trigger, as according to some example embodiments. At operation  805 , the display engine  205  displays a first portion (e.g., the first portion  710 A 1 ) of the electronic document. At operation  810 , the interface engine  200  receives an indication (e.g., via operating system of client device  106 ) that a first gesture has been made on the first portion. At operation  815 , the display engine  205  displays the second portion (e.g., the second portion  710 A 2 ) of the electronic document. At operation  820 , the interface engine  200  receives an indication that a second gesture on the second portion has been received. Operation  825  is a multi-part trigger operation including operations  830 ,  835 , and  840 . Operation  825  may be performed using the methods of  FIG.  4    or  FIG.  5   . 
     Continuing, at operation  830 , the display engine  205  collapses the interface of the electronic document, for example by removing from the touchscreen display  700  a viewing of the first, second or any other portion of the displayed electronic document. At operation  835 , the action engine  220  receives from the trigger engine  215  an indication that the trigger has been executed. For example, the trigger engine  215  references a specific function managed by the action engine  220 . Accordingly, at operation  835 , the action engine  220  executes the content of the function and generates a sample request for an item discussed in the electronic document. At operation  840 , the action engine  220  transmits, via the interface engine  200 , the sample request through the network  102  for fulfillment processing by the electronic post publication system  124  and/or the third party server  108 . 
       FIG.  9    shows an interaction diagram of a method  900  for interactions between the client device  106  and the application server  118 . Although the client device  106  and application server  118  are illustrated in  FIG.  9   , it is appreciated that the client device  106  may perform its corresponding actions of  FIG.  9    through post series client application  110 , and further that the application server  118  may perform its corresponding actions of  FIG.  9    through the electronic post publication system  124 . Additionally, the operations of  FIG.  9    may be initiated by the action engine  220 . For example, at operation  905 , the action engine  220  identifies the item requested or the sample requested from the electronic document. In some example embodiments, the action engine  220  may request item metadata from the displayed electronic document that identifies the item to be ordered. Further, the action engine  220  may also retrieve other information for completing the order, such as user information, payment information, shipping information. 
     At operation  910 , the action engine  220  generates an order or sample request. At operation  915 , the application server  118  receives the sample request for the item. At operation  920 , the application server  118  may transmit a sample request to an order completion system that clears the payment using user payment information and submits an item order. In some example embodiments, the clearing of the payment transaction is performed by the third party server  108  using payment information provided by the application server  118 . In some example embodiments, the application server  118  is configured to clear payments internally within the network-based publishing system  104  using payment information received from the client device  106 . For example, the client device  106  may be part of an application marketplace or app store. The application server  118  may have pre-approved authority from the user  199  to complete transactions using the payment information of user  199 . Once the order has been submitted by the application server  118 , the application server  118  generates a display notification at operation  925 . At operation  935 , the client device  106  receives the display notification and displays the notification on the display device, e.g., touchscreen display  700 , of the client device  106 . 
       FIGS.  10 A-I  illustrate interfaces of post series client application  110  for performing a sample item request using a modification trigger, according to some example embodiments.  FIG.  10 A  illustrates a top portion  710 B 0  of the electronic document corresponding to icon  777 B being displayed on the touchscreen display  700  of client device  106 , Like the electronic document corresponding to icon  777 A, this electronic document includes multiple portions, including the top portion  710 B 0 , which is above a first portion  710 B 1  (see  FIG.  10 C ), which is above a second portion  710 B 2  (see  FIG.  10 F ). The top portion  710 B 0  may have an action element  1000  that indicates to the user  199  an available action that can be performed by selecting the top portion  710 B 0  and performing one or more gestures (e.g., swiping in an indicated direction) while viewing the top portion  710 B 0 . 
       FIG.  10 B  illustrates the user  199  performing a gesture  1005  in an upward direction.  FIG.  10 C  illustrates a transition between displaying the top portion  710 B 0  and the first portion  710 B 1  along the axis of navigation  713 .  FIG.  10 D  illustrates the first portion  710 B 1  occupying the entire screen area of the electronic document as displayed within post series client application  110 . Notably, although the middle portion or first portion  710 B 1  does not display an action element such as action element  720  or action element  1000 , one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that such an action element could be placed within any portion of the electronic document to indicate to a user how to navigate through the document. 
       FIG.  10 E  illustrates the user  199  executing a display gesture  1010 .  FIG.  10 F  illustrates the post series client application  110  transitioning between the first portion  710 B 1  and second portion  710 B 2  along the axis of navigation  713 .  FIG.  10 G  illustrates the second portion  710 B 2  of the electronic document corresponding to icon  777 B. In contrast with the second portion  710 A 2  displayed in  FIG.  7 H , the action element  1015  in the second portion  710 B 2  indicates that user  199  will execute a modification trigger to automatically submit an order for the item mentioned in the electronic document (e.g., Dormouse Treacle, Sample Size 1 Oz). 
       FIG.  10 H  illustrates the user  199  executing a display gesture  1011  to collapse the interface of the electronic document. As illustrated, in some example embodiments, collapsing the interface of the electronic document is completed by giving the appearance that the second portion  710 B 2  is scrolling midway upward through the primary application display area  111  of the post client series application  110 , then collapsing or minimizing the interface of the electronic document to its corresponding icon  777 B on the home screen of the post series client application  110 . 
       FIG.  10 I  illustrates an example result of the collapse operation, as according to an example embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG.  10 I , the home screen of the post series client application  110  is displayed, and responsive to the modification trigger submitting the request for the sample, a overlay notification is displayed as notice  1020 . The notice  1020  corresponds to operation  935  of  FIG.  9   . Further notifications may include confirmation emails being sent from the application server  118  to an email account of user  199 . 
     Though three example portions of an electronic document are disclosed here for purposes of explanation, it is appreciated that an electronic document may include any number of portions (e.g., two, three, ten, etc.). In those embodiments, the terms “top,” “first,” and “second portions” may be referenced per the number and location within the electronic document. For example, a seven-portioned electronic document may have its portions referenced as first portion (top), a plurality of middle portions, the second to last portion may be the sixth portion, and the last portion may be the seventh portion. In those embodiments, the operations involving the discussed second portion (e.g., determination operation  410  in  FIG.  4   ) may then reference the last portion or boundary portion for a given electronic document. Further, in some example embodiments, it is appreciated that the trigger may be activated in other ways. For example, the trigger may be activated by detection of a boundary or border of the electronic document, and the trigger may be executed upon detection that the boundary has been reached and a swipe in the direction of the boundary has been performed. 
     Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules can constitute either software modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware modules. A “hardware module” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and can be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) can be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware module that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. 
     In some example embodiments, a hardware module can be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware module can include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware module can be a special-purpose processor, such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware module may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware module can include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware modules become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) can be driven by cost and time considerations. 
     Accordingly, the phrase “hardware module” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. As used herein, “hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware module includes a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., including different hardware modules) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at a different instance of time. 
     Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules can be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications can be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. For example, one hardware module can perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware module can then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware modules can also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). 
     The various operations of example methods described herein can be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented module” refers to a hardware module implemented using one or more processors. 
     Similarly, the methods described herein can be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method can be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented modules. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an Application Program Interface (API)). 
     The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented modules can be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented modules are distributed across a number of geographic locations. 
     The modules, methods, applications and so forth described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 - 10 I  are implemented in some example embodiments in the context of a machine and an associated software architecture. The sections below describe representative software architecture and machine (e.g., hardware) architecture that are suitable for use with the disclosed embodiments. 
     Software architectures are used in conjunction with hardware architectures to create devices and machines tailored to particular purposes. For example, a particular hardware architecture coupled with a particular software architecture will create a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, tablet device, and the like. A slightly different hardware and software architecture may yield a smart device for use in the “internee of things” while yet another combination produces a server computer for use within a cloud computing architecture. Not all combinations of such software and hardware architectures are presented here as those of skill in the art can readily understand how to implement the present subject matter in different contexts from the disclosure contained herein. 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine  1100 , according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG.  11    shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine  1100  in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions  1116  (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine  1100  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein can be executed. For example, the instructions  1116  can cause the machine  1100  to execute the flow diagrams of  FIGS.  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  8 , and  9   . 
     Additionally, or alternatively, the instruction  1116  can implement the interface engine  200 , display engine  205 , post series engine  210 , trigger engine  215 , and action engine  220  of  FIG.  2   , and so forth. The instructions  1116  transform the general, non-programmed machine into a particular machine programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. In alternative embodiments, the machine  1100  operates as a standalone device or can be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine  1100  may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine  1100  can include, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions  1116 , sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine  1100 . Further, while only a single machine  1100  is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines  1100  that individually or jointly execute the instructions  1116  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     The machine  1100  can include processors  1110 , memory/storage  1130 , and  110  components  1150 , which can be configured to communicate with each other such as via a bus  1102 . In an example embodiment, the processors  1110  (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) can include, for example, processor  1112  and processor  1114  that may execute instructions  1116 . The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processor that may include two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that can execute instructions contemporaneously. Although  FIG.  11    shows multiple processors  1110 , the machine  1100  may include a single processor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof. 
     The memory/storage  1130  can include a memory  1132 , such as a main memory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit  1136 , both accessible to the processors  1110  such as via the bus  1102 . The storage unit  1136  and memory  1132  store the instructions  1116  embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions  1116  can also reside, completely or partially, within the memory  1132 , within the storage unit  1136 , within at least one of the processors  1110  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine  1100 . Accordingly, the memory  1132 , the storage unit  1136 , and the memory of the processors  1110  are examples of machine-readable media. 
     As used herein, the term “machine-readable medium” means a device able to store instructions and data temporarily or permanently and may include, but is not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage (e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) or any suitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions  1116 , The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., instructions  1116 ) for execution by a machine (e.g., machine  1100 ), such that the instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the machine  1100  (e.g., processors  1110 ), cause the machine  1100  to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” excludes signals per se. 
     The I/O components  1150  can include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components  1150  that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components  1150  can include many other components that are not shown in  FIG.  11   . The I/O components  1150  are grouped according to functionality merely for simplifying the following discussion, and the grouping is in no way limiting. In various example embodiments, the I/O components  1150  can include output components  1152  and input components  1154 . The output components  1152  can include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The input components  1154  can include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instruments), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like. 
     In further example embodiments, the I/O components  1150  can include biometric components  1156 , motion components  1158 , environmental components  1160 , or position components  1162  among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components  1156  can include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram based identification), and the like. The motion components  1158  can include acceleration sensor components e.g., an accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., a gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components  1160  can include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., a photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., a barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensor components (e.g., machine olfaction detection sensors, gas detection sensors to detect concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components  1162  can include location sensor components (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components magnetometers), and the like. 
     Communication can be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components  1150  may include communication components  1164  operable to couple the machine  1100  to a network  1180  or devices  1170  via a coupling  1182  and a coupling  1172 , respectively. For example, the communication components  1164  include a network interface component or other suitable device to interface with the network  1180 . In further examples, communication components  1164  include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, BLUETOOTH® components (e.g., BLUETOOTH® Low Energy), WI-FI® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices  1170  may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)). 
     Moreover, the communication components  1164  can detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components  1164  can include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as a Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as a Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec Code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph™, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, Uniform Commercial Code Reduced Space Symbology (UCC RSS)-2D bar codes, and other optical codes), acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals), or any suitable combination thereof. In addition, a variety of information can be derived via the communication components  106 , such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geo-location, location via WI-FI® signal triangulation, location via detecting a BLUETOOTH® or NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth. 
     In various example embodiments, one or more portions of the network  1180  can be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a WI-FI® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, the network  1180  or a portion of the network  1180  may include a wireless or cellular network, and the coupling  1182  may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other type of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling  1182  can implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations, other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology. 
     The instructions  1116  can be transmitted or received over the network  1180  using a transmission medium via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components  1164 ) and utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions  1116  can be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling  1172  (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to devices  1170 , The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions  1116  for execution by the machine  1100 , and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. 
     Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein. 
     Although an overview of the present subject matter has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. 
     As used herein, the term “or” is construed in the Boolean sense, e.g., “A or B” may include A, may include B, or may include A and B. Moreover, plural instances may be provided for resources, operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within a scope of various embodiments of the present disclosure. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate resources in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or resource. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single resource may be implemented as separate resources. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within a scope of embodiments of the present disclosure as represented by the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.