Patent Publication Number: US-2016235645-A1

Title: Guar protein extracts and compositions comprised thereof as surface treating and/or modifying agents

Description:
The present invention relates to a composition for the treatment and/or modification of surfaces, for example a cosmetic, pharmacological, phytosanitary or household treatment composition, comprising a guar extract. It also relates to the use of the extract as a surface treatment and/or modifying agent. The composition and the use are of particular benefit in the field of cosmetics, specifically for producing hair-styling products, for the shaping of hair, or for producing shampoos, conditioners or shower gels, for conditioning the skin and/or hair. They are also of interest in the field of detergency, specifically for household treatments, and in the field of plant health. 
     The use of guar extracts is known. For example, the use of guar gum or of guar derivatives in the fields of cosmetics and foods, specifically as an agent for modifying the rheology and/or texture of a composition or a food, or as a skin and/or hair conditioner. 
     Moreover, the protein fractions contained in the guar gum or in flours extracted from guar have also been described (Anderson et al.,  Food Additives and Contaminants,  1985, vol. 2, No. 4, 225-230; Nath et al.,  J. Agric. Food Chem.,  1980, 28, 844-847). M. M. Khalil (Production of Isolated Guar Protein,  Food  45, 2001, No. 1, 21-24) took a particular interest in the nutritional qualities of proteins isolated from guar seed flour. 
     Furthermore, there is a constant need in industry for new compositions, for example comprising new products able to display new properties or to improve properties. In particular, there is a great interest in products originating from plants. 
     It has now been found that guar protein extract and its derivatives have properties which are beneficial to skin and skin appendages, specifically hair, and which make them particularly useful in cosmetic care and in pharmacology, in particular in dermatological applications. 
     Thus, compositions comprising a guar protein extract may have excellent hair and skin-conditioning properties, as well as beneficial sensory or cosmetic properties which may be desired by consumers. Thus, they may have a beneficial profile in terms of softness, suppleness, volume, detangling, ability to style wet hair and/or dry hair and ability to repair hair. These effects may make formulations simpler and/or less expensive. These compositions are also particularly useful for revitalising and/or hydrating the skin. Moreover, the extract is easily formulated. This can make its use simple and inexpensive. 
     It has likewise been found that these compounds may be used in compositions for household treatments (for treatments carried out by consumers in the private sphere, as well as for treatments carried out in the public sphere, such as the industrial or institutional cleaning of surfaces and textiles), in particular detergent compositions, specifically for the treatment, for example cleaning, of hard surfaces, including crockery, or of textile surfaces. More specifically, these compositions soften and facilitate the ironing of fabrics. They also allow the cleaning of hard surfaces to be facilitated. 
     Surprisingly, it has also been found that it is possible to decrease the rebound of drops and to increase the retention of phytosanitary formulations and/or nutritional elements by introducing guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof into said formulations applied to plants. The guar protein extracts and derivatives thereof have a positive effect on the instantaneous adhesion and, as a result, on the retention of spray drops, in conditions with large particle sizes. Advantageously, these extracts significantly reduce the phenomenon of rebound, usually observed in the case of a spray in the form of drops of large particle size, and in addition, limit the phenomenon of runoff. The guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof thus improve the instantaneous adhesion and, as a result, the phytosanitary retention and/or the retention of nutritional elements when applied in the form of droplets to the plants to be treated. 
     Thus, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a composition for the treatment and/or modification of surfaces, comprising a guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, said protein extract having a protein content of at least 65% by weight. 
     The composition may be, for example: 
     a cosmetic composition, 
     a pharmacological composition, 
     a composition for household treatments, or 
     a phytosanitary composition. 
     According to another aspect, the invention relates to the use of the guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, as a surface treatment and/or modifying agent. 
     According to another aspect, the invention relates to a surface treatment and/or modification process comprising a step of applying a composition comprising the guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, to a surface. 
     DEFINITIONS 
     In the present application, guar designates the plant  Cyanopsis tetragonoloba . In the present document, the percentages by weight are expressed in terms of dry weight, unless stated otherwise. 
     In the present application, “guar seeds” designates seeds derived from guar. Guar seeds comprise the hull, which is more or less fibrous, the germ, and two “guar splits” or “endosperm halves”, which constitute the endosperm of guar. The splits (or endosperm) is/are rich in galactomannans. The guar seeds generally consist of 35 to 40% by weight of endosperm, 42 to 47% by weight of germ, and 14 to 17% by weight of hull. 
     In the present application, “guar flour” or “guar powder” designates a powder derived from the guar endosperm. 
     In the present application, “native guar” designates macromolecular chains of the galactomannan type, derived from guar endosperm, not having been subjected to chemical modification by the grafting of chemical groups. Native guar comprises macromolecules containing a principal chain of D-mannopyranose units linked in the beta (1-4) position substituted by D-galactopyranose units in the beta (1-6) position. Native guar has a mannose/galactose ratio of about 2. The native guar may optionally have been partially depolymerised (a reduction in the molecular mass). 
     In the present application, “guar gum” designates a product substantially consisting of native guar, in the form of guar splits, or of guar flour or powder. 
     Guar germ generally comprises 35 to 45% by weight of proteins, 30 to 35% by weight of fibres, less than 5% galactomannans, about 5% salts, about 5-10% water, about 6% fats, the percentages by weight being expressed relative to the total weight of the guar germ. Guar germ (“churl” in the language used notably in the cultural basins of India and Pakistan) is sometimes improperly designated by the term “guar protein”. In the present application, “guar protein” does not designate guar germ. 
     The guar splits comprise about 4 to 6% protein. 
     The guar hull generally does not comprise any proteins (about 0% by weight). The guar hull is sometimes designated as “korma” in the language used notably in the cultural basins of India and Pakistan 
     The guar gum is obtained by a process including finer or less fine separation of a product comprising guar splits, on the one hand, (possibly with some impurities) and of a by-product comprising the hull and the germ, on the other hand (possibly with some impurities). The process is generally substantially mechanical, but washing and/or extraction steps, aided by water or solvents or bulking agents, as well as purification steps with acidic or alkaline agents, may come in between. These processes, steps, products and by-products are known to the person skilled in the art. 
     In the present application, “guar meal” designates the by-product derived from the recovery of the splits, typically comprising about 70-80% by weight of guar germ (“churi”) and about 20-30% by weight of hull (“korma”) and less than 10% by weight of endosperm. 
     In the present application, “guar protein extract” or “guar protein” designates a product comprising at least 65% by weight of proteins, typically 65 to 95% by weight, guar germ extracts, typically obtained by a process of concentration and/or extraction and/or isolation starting from guar flour. In the present application, a “guar protein isolate” or a “guar protein concentrate” may also be referred to. 
     In the present application, unless stated otherwise, the quantities of proteins by weight are determined from the nitrogen level, measured according to the known Kjeldahl method. A description of this method is found, for example, at the following URL: http://www.rosesci.com/Products/Chemical%20Analysis/Kjeldahl%20Chemistry%20-%20Overview.htm. The nitrogen level is multiplied by 6.25 to obtain the quantity of protein by weight. 
     The composition comprises a guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, said protein extract comprising at least 65%, preferably 65% to 95%, for example 65% to 85%, of protein by weight. 
     The guar protein extract may additionally comprise fats, water, sugars, and mineral salts. 
     The amino acid composition of the molecular mass distribution of the protein extract can vary, to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the origin of the guar seeds, their maturation, and the conditions used for extraction. 
     The amino acids present in the guar protein extract include, principally, glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), aspartic acid (Asp), leucine (Leu), glycine (Gly) serine (Ser) and proline (Pro). 
     The guar protein extract may thus comprise:
         10% to 30% glutamic acid, specifically 15% to 25%;   5% to 25% arginine, specifically 10% to 20%, and more particularly 12% to 16%;   5% to 20% aspartic acid, specifically 10% to 15%;   1% to 10% leucine, and specifically 5% to 10%;   1% to 8% glycine, and specifically 4% to 6%;
 
the percentages being expressed by mass relative to the total mass of amino acids contained in the extract.
       

     Preferably, the guar protein extract comprises the following amino acid compositions: 
                                             Amino acids   %                                                    Cysteine   1.38           Methionine   1.19           Aspartic acid   10.90           Threonine   2.75           Serine   4.83           Glutamic acid   22.97           Proline   4.21           Glycine   5.19           Alanine   3.32           Valine   3.51           Isoleucine   3.18           Leucine   6.21           Tyrosine   3.70           Phenylalanine   4.14           Lysine   3.78           Histidine   2.89           Arginine   14.41           Tryptophan   1.44                        
the percentages being expressed by mass relative to the total mass of amino acids contained in the isolated protein sample.
 
     The guar protein extract thus has a relatively large quantity of arginine, compared with the proteins routinely used in the field of cosmetics, such as soya proteins, milk proteins or oat proteins. Now, arginine is an amino acid which is particularly useful in the field of cosmetics, since it has, for example, a moisturising action on skin. 
     Derivatives 
     The compositions according to the invention may comprise a guar protein extract in the form of a derivative. 
     The guar protein extract in the form of a derivative can, typically, have the same division into amino acids as the non-derived extract, optionally with lower molar masses. 
     In the present application, “guar protein extract in the form of a derivative” or “derived quar protein extract” or “derived guar protein” designates a product which can be obtained by chemical modification of the molecules of the guar protein extract. 
     In other words, it is 
     a protein extract comprising groups which are the same or different and are grafted covalently onto amino acid functional groups contained in the protein extract, and/or 
     a hydrolysed guar protein extract 
     Without a limitation to any one theory, chemical groups can be grafted specifically onto the —OH or —NH 2  or —COOH functional groups carried on the side chains of amino acids and/or the terminal functional groups of proteins. 
     Chemical groups which can be grafted onto the amino acids in the protein extract include: 
     cationic or cationisable groups. By “cationisable groups” are meant groups which are potentially cationic, i.e. which can become cationic depending on the pH of the medium. 
     anionic or anionisable groups. By “anionisable groups” are meant groups which are potentially anionic, i.e. which can become anionic depending on the pH of the medium. 
     uncharged hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups. The guar protein extract derived from uncharged hydrophobic groups may have a surfactant characteristic. 
     groups cross-linking the guar protein extract, optionally polymeric groups. In the last case, “cross-polymers” derived from the guar protein extract may be referred to. 
     It is possible to combine a plurality of modifications, for example hydrolysis and grafting. It is possible to combine the grafting of several different groups. 
     Hydrolysed Derivatives 
     The hydrolysed derivatives, or “hydrolysates” of guar protein extracts can, typically, have a molar mass of less than 10,000 g/mol, for example, of less than 8,000 g/mol, indeed, even of less than 5,000 or 1,000 g/mol. 
     The hydrolysis may specifically be carried out chemically, at an acidic or alkaline pH level, enzymatically, or via irradiation, for example with an electron gun (“E-beam”). 
     The hydrolysed derivatives may, specifically, be used in the composition in a mixture with or in combination with non-hydrolysed guar protein extracts and/or hydrolysed derivatives of high molecular mass and/or chemically grafted derivatives. 
     Cationic or Potentially Cationic Derivatives 
     The cationic or cationisable groups include the groups comprising quaternary ammoniums or tertiary amines, pyridiniums, guanidiniums, phosphoniums or sulphoniums. 
     The cationic products according to the invention can be obtained by causing the proteins of the guar protein extract to react in the conventional manner, as they are or after they have been subjected to enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis so as to cleave the peptide bonds. 
     Cationisation by Nucleophilic Substitution 
     The introduction of cationic or cationisable groups into the guar protein extract can be carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. 
     If it is desired to introduce an ammonium group, the suitable reagent used may be:
         3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride, sold under the name of QUAB 188 by the company DEGUSSA;   an epoxide carrying a quaternary ammonium, such as 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride, sold under the name of QUAB 151 by the company DEGUSSA, or similar compounds;   diethylaminoethyl chloride;       

     or Michael acceptor groups such as, for example, acrylates or methacrylates carrying quaternary ammoniums or tertiary amines. 
     Cationisation by Esterification 
     The introduction of cationic or cationisable groups into the amino acids of the guar protein extract may be carried out via esterification with amino acids such as, for example, glycine, lysine, arginine, 6-aminocaproic acid, or with derivatives of quaternised amino acids such as, for example, betaine hydrochloride. 
     Cationisation by Radical Polymerisation 
     The introduction of cationic or cationisable groups into the guar protein extract may be carried out via a radical polymerisation, involving the grafting of monomers comprising at least one cationic or cationisable group onto the amino acids of the guar protein extract. 
     The radical initiation may be carried out using cerium as described in the publication  European Polymer Journal, vol.  12, p. 535-541, 1976. The radical initiation may also be carried out with ionising radiation and in particular by bombardment with an electron beam. 
     The monomers comprising at least one cationic or cationisable group used to carry out this radical polymerisation may be, for example, monomers comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation and at least one atom of nitrogen which is quaternary or quaternisable by adjusting the pH. 
     These monomers comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation and at least one atom of nitrogen which is quaternary or quaternisable by adjusting the pH include the following compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V):
         the compound of general formula (I)       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 wherein:
               A n     θ    represents a Cl θ , Br θ , I θ , SO 4   2θ , CO 3   2θ , CH 3 —OSO 3   θ , OH θ  or CH 3 —CH 2 —OSO 3   θ  ion,   R 1  to R 5  are the same or different and represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a benzyl radical or an H atom, and   n=1 or 2, or   
             
               
             
             the compound of general formula (II) 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 wherein:
               X represents a —NH group or an oxygen atom O,   R 4  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms,   R 5  represents an alkene group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms,   R 1 , R 2 , R 3  are the same or different and represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms,   B nθ  represents a Cl θ , Br θ , I θ , SO 4   2θ , CO 3   2θ , CH 3 —OSO 3   θ , OH θ  or CH 3 —CH 2 —OSO 3   θ  ion, and   n=1 or 2, or   
             
               
             
             the compound of general formula (III) 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 wherein:
               R 1  to R 6  are the same or different and represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, but with one of the groups R 1  to R 6  representing a —CH═CH 2  group,   C nθ  represents a Cl θ , Br θ , I θ , SO 4   2θ , CO 3   2θ , CH 3 —OSO 3   θ , OH θ  or CH 3 —CH 2 —OSO 3   θ  ion, and   n=1 or 2, or   
             
               
             
             the compound of general formula (IV) 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             
               
                 wherein:
               D nθ  represents a Cl θ , Br θ , I θ , SO 4   2θ , CO 3   2θ , CH 3 —OSO 3   θ , OH θ  or CH 3 —CH 2 —OSO 3   θ  ion, and   n=1 or 2.   
             
               
             
           
         
       
    
     Preferably, the monomers comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation and at least one quaternary or quaternisable nitrogen atom are selected from:
         2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAA),   quaternised 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (Quat-DMAA),   2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAMA)   quaternised 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (Quat-DMAMA),   quaternised 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate chloride, called Pleximon 735 or TMAE MC 80 by the company Röhm,   diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC)   methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, called MAPTAC, or   mixtures thereof.       

     The cationic guar protein extract derivative may contain cationic or cationisable units, derived from a chemical transformation, after polymerisation, of precursor monomers of cationic or cationisable functional groups. Poly-p-chloromethylstyrene, which forms quaternised polyparatrimethyl aminomethyl styrene after reaction with a tertiary amine such as a trimethyl amine, can be mentioned here by way of example. 
     The cationic or cationisable units are combined with negatively charged counter ions. These counter ions may be selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulphate, methylsulphate, phosphate, hydrogenophosphate, phosphonate, carbonate, hydrogenocarbonate, or hydroxide ions. 
     Preferably, counter ions selected from hydrogenophosphates, methylsulphates, hydroxides and chlorides are used. 
     The degree of substitution of the modified cationic guar protein extracts according to the invention is at least 0.01 and preferably at least 0.05. 
     If the degree of substitution is less than 0.01, the effectiveness of the fixing of the protein extract on the surface to be treated can be reduced. 
     If the degree of substitution is greater than 0.05, the effectiveness in terms of affinity for the surface can be distinctly improved. 
     The degree of substitution of the modified cationic guar protein extracts corresponds to the mean number of cationic charges introduced by the amino acid. Said degree of substitution may be determined by elemental analysis, for example of the nitrogen. 
     Anionic or Potentially Anionic Derivatives 
     The anionic or potentially anionic groups can be obtained by reaction with an anionising agent such as propane saltone, butane saltone, monochloroacetic acid, chlorosulphonic acid, maleic acid anhydride, succinic acid anhydride, citric acid, sulphates, sulphonates, phosphates, phosphonates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates, metaphosphates and similar. 
     Uncharged Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic Derivatives 
     The hydrophilic groups include in particular one or more saccharide or oligosaccharide residues, one or more ethoxy groups, one or more hydroxyethyl groups, or one or more oligoethylene oxides. 
     The hydrophobic groups which may be introduced include in particular an alkyl, aryl, phenyl, benzyl, acetyl, hydroxybutyl or hydroxypropyl group, or a mixture thereof. Fatty acid groups may also be mentioned, a fatty acid being grafted onto amino acid functional groups. By alkyl or aryl or acetyl radical are meant alkyl or aryl or acetyl radicals containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms. 
     Cross-Linked Derivatives 
     Cross-linking groups may be introduced by chemical cross-linking. The chemical cross-linking of starch may be achieved by the action of a cross-linking agent selected from formaldehyde, glyoxal, halohydrins such as epichlorohydrin or epibromohydrin, phosphorus oxychloride, polyphosphates, diisocyanates, diethylene urea, polyacids such as adipic acid, citric acid, acrolein and similar. Chemical cross-linking may also be achieved by the action of a metallic complexing agent such as, for example, zirconium (IV). Chemical cross-linking may also be achieved under the effect of ionising radiation. 
     Process for Obtaining the Guar Protein Extract 
     The guar protein extract may be prepared starting from guar seeds, or preferably starting from guar meal, according to the usual methods for extracting proteins from plants, particularly soya proteins. Methods of this type are described in the Kirk Othmer encyclopaedia, “Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry”, vol. A22, pages 295 to 300 and pages 612 to 614. 
     The guar protein extract may specifically be isolated or concentrated starting from the guar meal, which is the by-product of the recovery of the splits of the guar seeds. Said guar meal is commercially available. It is, for example, sold by Rhodia under the name “Guar Meal” 100% or 31%. The guar meals may also be prepared according to the method disclosed by North J. P., Subramanian N., Narasinja Rao, M. S.,  J. Agric. Food Chem.  26 (5), 1243 (1978). 
     The guar protein extract may be prepared by the method known as “concentration”. This method generally involves: 
     a1) suspending guar germs, preferably from a guar meal, in an extraction liquid; 
     b1) separating the solid phase S1 and recovering the liquid phase L1; 
     c1) adjusting the pH of the recovered liquid phase L1 to an acidic pH; 
     d1) recovering the protein extract in the form of a precipitate. 
     The guar germs used in step a1) of the process encompass the guar germs which might be present, for example in the guar seeds optionally without their hulls and/or ground into a powdered form, in the guar flour or in the guar meal. Preferably, in step a1), the guar meal is extracted. 
     The extraction liquid in step a1) may be selected from organic solvents, water, or a mixture thereof. 
     The organic solvents useful as an extraction liquid include alcohols such as ethanol, hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, and ethers such as diethyl ether. 
     The extraction liquid can also be water, preferably demineralised, and more preferably a solution at an alkaline pH, optionally in combination with an organic co-solvent, such as an alcohol. 
     The solutions at an alkaline pH are solutions of pH&gt;7, specifically &gt;8, and more particularly &gt;9. They may in particular be solutions of alkali metal hydroxide, such as solutions of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. 
     The extraction medium may further contain mineral salts such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride. 
     The concentration of mineral salts in the extraction medium may vary to a great degree and is generally within the range of 0.5 M to 1.5 M. 
     The extraction may take place at a wide range of temperatures, specifically between 20° C. and 80° C., preferably between 40° C. and 60° C., and more preferably at about 55° C. 
     The extraction may be carried out with a ratio of guar meal: extraction liquid from 1:100 to 50:100 in terms of weight, preferably with a ratio from 2:100 to 25:100 in terms of weight. 
     The time required for the extraction may also vary considerably according to a number of factors, specifically the temperature of extraction and the liquid of extraction. A length of time between 10 minutes and 3 hours generally proves to be sufficient. 
     The crude extract obtained in step a1) is subsequently separated, for example by filtration or centrifuging. The solid phase S1, which is less protein-rich and may, for example, contain endosperm and/or hull, is removed, and the liquid phase L1, corresponding to the protein-rich extract, is recovered. 
     According to one variant, before step c1), the solid S1 is recovered following step b1) and extracted in turn with an extraction liquid which may be the same as or different from the extraction liquid used for the guar germs in step a1). The crude extract obtained is subsequently separated, and the liquid phase L2 is recovered. 
     The liquid phase(s) extracted, L1 or (L1+L2), is/are subsequently acidified by the addition of a concentrated solution of an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid. A sufficient quantity of this acid is added for the pH of the liquid L1 or L1+L2 to be adjusted to a value ≦7, in particular ≦5, and more specifically ≦4. 
     The precipitate which subsequently forms is recovered, for example by centrifuging or filtration. 
     It may then be dried, for example by concentration under vacuum, atomisation or lyophilisation. It should be noted that a particular fraction of the precipitate obtained may be purified or concentrated by liquid/liquid extraction by means of organic solvents or preparative chromatography. 
     According to a beneficial variant, the guar protein extract is prepared starting from guar meal or guar flour according to the technique termed an “isolation technique”. This method involves the steps used in the concentration step, except that the guar germs used in step a1) are in the form of guar flour or guar meal, previously protein-enriched by the steps of:
         a2) sieving the guar flour or guar meal and recovering the particles of diameter less than 1,500 μm, specifically less than 1,400 μm;   b2) separating and recovering the heaviest particles contained in the guar flour or guar meal which has been sieved.       

     During step a2), a large proportion of the guar endosperm, low in protein, is removed. 
     Step b2) may be carried out according to conventional techniques, for example by means of a fluidised-bed dryer, equipped with a device for collecting the lightest particles carried by an air flow. This step thus allows the removal of the light particles, rich in fibre, and the recovery of the densest particles which are generally richer in proteins. 
     The protein extract obtained may be used as it is pursuant to the extraction process, and may lead to a depolymerisation, i.e. a partial hydrolysis of the proteins. 
     In a variant, subsequent to step d1), the process may moreover involve chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide bonds. According to a preferred embodiment, the proteins have molecular masses lower than 30,000 Da, specifically of 100 to 30,000, preferably between 500 and 20,000, and more preferably of the order of 750 to 15,000 Da, which masses are particularly preferred in the field of cosmetic products. The hydrolysed proteins are in fact generally more substantive and penetrate more easily into the cortex of the hair or into the epidermis. 
     The enzymes useful in this protein depolymerisation step include proteases from animals, plants, microbes or fungi. 
     Examples of reagents useful in this depolymerisation step include mineral bases, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid. 
     The guar protein extract derivative can be prepared according to the process comprising the following steps: 
     a) preparation of a guar protein extract; 
     b) grafting reactions onto amino acid functional groups contained in the protein extract; and optionally 
     c) recovery of the product obtained. 
     The guar protein extract, used in step a), can be prepared according to any one of the methods described above. 
     Techniques for step b) have been disclosed above. 
     The grafting reactions onto the functional groups carried by amino acids contained in the guar protein extract can be carried out by the application or adaptation of the nucleophilic substitution, esterification, or radical polymerisation processes used thus far or described in the literature, for example those disclosed in R. C. Larock,  Comprehensive Organic Transformations , VCH Publishers, 1989. 
     If the derivative is not a hydrolysate, step b) is not implemented. Hydrolyses such as those described above may be used. 
     Compositions—Uses 
     The composition for the modification and/or treatment of surfaces comprises guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, and generally other ingredients (or “constituents”). In particular, it generally comprises a carrier, most often a liquid, for topical application of cosmetic or pharmacological compositions. 
     Thus, useful compositions may be compositions for the treatment and/or modification of surfaces, comprising: 
     a liquid carrier, for example an aqueous, alcoholic or hydroxyalcoholic carrier, and 
     the guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, 
     optionally, at least one surfactant, for example an anionic, non-ionic, or amphoteric surfactant, or a mixture, 
     optionally, other ingredients. 
     The composition may be used in a treatment or modification process of a surface, which involves the following steps: 
     applying the composition to the surface, and 
     optionally, removing the carrier or diluting the composition or modifying the pH. 
     The target surfaces may specifically be: 
     the skin and/or hair, in the case of cosmetic compositions, 
     the teeth, in the case of compositions for buccal dental care, 
     hard surfaces, including crockery, in the case of compositions for household treatments, for example
         the surfaces (metal, ceramics, plastics material, glass, etc.) of crockery, in the case of formulations intended for washing crockery by hand or in a dishwasher,   floors (wood, ceramics, plastics material, concrete, etc.), in the case of compositions for multi-purpose cleaning or for cleaning floors,   the surfaces found in kitchens, in the case of compositions for multi-purpose cleaning or for kitchen cleaning,   the surfaces found in bathrooms, in the case of compositions for multi-purpose cleaning or for bathroom cleaning,   window panes or windscreens, in the case of compositions for cleaning window panes or windscreens       

     the skin, in the case of pharmacological compositions, 
     the leaves of plants, in the case of phytosanitary compositions. 
     textile surfaces, in the case of compositions for cleaning and/or rinsing (for example in softening agents) and/or ironing clothing. 
     The application of a cosmetic composition according to the invention is preferably carried out topically. 
     The composition is intended more particularly for the treatment of skin or hair, and may be in the form of an ointment, cream, oil, milk, pomade, powder soaked pad, solution, fluid, gel, spray, lotion, suspension, moulded product (soap, for example) or foam. Cosmetic compositions according to the invention may also be in the form of a simple oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, a multiple emulsion, a micro-emulsion, or an aqueous or hydroalcoholic gel. 
     Specifically, a shampoo, conditioner (rinse or non-rinse), a styling product (for shaping hair, for example) or a shower gel may be involved. 
     The cosmetic compositions may be compositions for the care and hygiene of skin and/or hair. 
     Examples of cosmetic compositions for the hair are, specifically, compositions for shampoo, conditioner, hair-styling products, or protection, repair, or softening products, or other compositions for permanent waving and colouring. 
     Without a limitation to any one theory, it has been observed that guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof have a very strong affinity for hair, which could explain their substantial fixing properties, and specifically their resistance to humidity on dry hair. 
     Some examples of cosmetic compositions for the skin are, specifically, products for the face and body, day and night products, anti-sun products, anti-ageing or anti-wrinkle hygiene products, anti-pollution products, shower gels, and hand creams. 
     The cosmetic compositions according to the invention may comprise from 0.0001 to 4% of said extract in terms of the weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01 to 1%. 
     The guar proteins contained in the cosmetic compositions according to the invention may thus represent from 0.00003% to 4% by weight, specifically from 0.001% to 1% by weight, of the cosmetic composition. 
     Examples of detergent compositions are, specifically, compositions for domestic use and/or for household treatments, such as products for the treatment of textiles, such as detergents, softening agents, products for the upkeep of clothing, or other products for the treatment of hard surfaces, such as products for the cleaning or upkeep of floors. 
     The guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof according to the invention are particularly useful for the treatment of skin appendages, such as hair, or of skin, or of textiles or household surfaces, or even of plants, in particular of the leaf surface of plants. 
     The guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof may be used in combination with a cosmetically acceptable vehicle in compositions intended to treat and/or repair and/or protect skin, hair or scalp. 
     The guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof may thus be used in combination with a cosmetically acceptable vehicle, to increase or improve the hydration, elasticity, or silkiness of skin, or even to firm up the skin. 
     They may also be used in combination with a cosmetically acceptable vehicle in anti-dandruff, hair restoration, and anti-hair-loss compositions, and in rehydrating, nourishing, and revitalising hair-care compositions. They may also be used in compositions intended for the protection of hair against damage due to cold, the sun, or pollution (called “winter care”, “summer care”, and “anti-pollution” compositions). Finally, they may be used in compositions intended to give volume, shine, lustre in the natural colour, or colouration, a pleasant feel, bounciness in the curls, or a sleek effect. 
     By “cosmetically acceptable vehicle” is meant a vehicle suitable for use in contact with human and animal cells, in particular the cells of the epidermis, without toxicity, irritation, induced allergic response or similar, and with a proportionally advantageous effect/reasonable risk. 
     The guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof can be used in detergents, softeners, household maintenance products, for example cleaning products for floors or household surfaces, and anti-dust products. 
     Advantageously, the products according to the invention have a softening and anti-crumpling effect where the treatment of textiles is concerned, or even an anti-marking or anti-stain effect where household surfaces are concerned. 
     Without a limitation to any one theory, the application of the products according to the invention would lead to hydrophilisation of the textile or household surfaces, which would allow the formation of markings during drying to be avoided, and the following cleaning to be made easier. 
     The guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof may be used in a phytosanitary composition and/or composition of nutritional elements designed to be sprayed onto the leaf surface of plants as an anti-rebound agent. This anti-rebound agent advantageously allows the instantaneous adhesion, and as a result the retention, and thus the effectiveness, of the sprayed composition to be improved. 
     Examples of phytosanitary compositions are formulations containing an active substance such as a herbicide, haulm killer, brush killer, bactericide, fungicide, insecticide, acaricide, or growth regulator. 
     Thus, the guar protein extracts or derivatives thereof allow the loss, onto the ground, of sprayed compositions to be limited, which loss can cause pollution of the soil and of underground water tables. 
     In the compositions, the guar protein extract, optionally in the form of a derivative, may have a foam-stabilising effect, in particular in foaming cosmetic compositions, or in compositions for the cleaning by hand of crockery or clothing. 
     Further details or benefits will emerge from the following examples, which are of a non-limiting nature. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Preparation of a “Guar Protein” Guar Protein Extract 
     1. Protein Enrichment by a Mechanical Process 
     The raw material used is “31% mode” guar meal, supplied by the Rhodia factory in Vernon, USA. This product contains 34% by weight of proteins (=% nitrogen measured by the Kjeldahl method×6.25). 
     1 kg of “31% mode” guar meal is manually sieved to remove the particles greater than 1,400 μm. This step allows 116 g of guar endosperm, which is low in proteins, to be removed. 
     The remaining 884 g of the product are subsequently placed in a fluidised-bed dryer (Retsch TG1) equipped with a device for collecting the lightest particles carried by an air flow. It is generally found that the protein-rich parts of the seed (for example pieces of the germs) are denser. This device therefore allows the particles richest in proteins to be isolated by removing the lighter, fibre-rich particles. 
     After separation by means of the dryer, 625 g of heavy particles (A) and 259 g of dust are recovered. The heavy particles contain 39.2% proteins (=% nitrogen measured by Kjeldahl method×6.25). Previous separation tests have allowed a product containing up to 42% proteins to be obtained. 
     2. Extraction of the Proteins 
     120 g of guar meal (A), enriched in proteins according to the process described above, are added into a 5 l beaker containing 2,280 g of demineralised water heated to 55° C. The pH is adjusted to 10 by means of 30% sodium hydroxide. This suspension is stirred for 1 hour, while keeping the temperature at 55° C. 
     The suspension is subsequently centrifuged for 5 minutes at 3,000 g. 2,491 g of liquid (1) and 391.4 g of solid (2) are thus recovered. 
     The solid (2) is suspended again in water at 55° C. to prepare 3 kg of suspension. The pH is about 7. 30% sodium hydroxide is added to raise the pH to 10, and there is 1 hour of further stirring at 55° C. 
     This suspension is likewise centrifuged for 5 minutes at 3,000 g. 2,504.3 g of liquid (3) and 386 g of solid (4) are thus recovered. 
     The 2 supernatant liquids (1) and (3) previously obtained are mixed in a 5 l beaker. The pH is lowered to 4.3 by means of 35% hydrochloric acid, which leads to the precipitation of the proteins. This suspension is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4,200 g. 4,772 g of liquid (5) and 135.5 g of solid (6) are thus recovered. 
     The solid (6) is dried under vacuum in an oven (40° C., ˜30 mm Hg) for 24 hours. 
     The product obtained contains 7.4% water and 73.8% proteins (=% nitrogen measured by the Kjeldahl method×6.25). 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Preparation of a “Guar Protein” Guar Protein Extract 
     A suspension containing 10% guar meal is prepared by dispersing 45.3 kg of guar meal (Rhodia, Vernon factory) in 454 l of water preheated to 55° C. The initial pH of the suspension is 4.85. 1,980 ml of 30% sodium hydroxide are added to raise the pH to 9.53. The suspension is stirred for 45 minutes at 55° C. 
     The suspension is centrifuged and 394.4 kg of liquid (1) and 107.7 kg of solid (2) are recovered. The solid (2) is not used again. 
     The pH of the liquid (1) is 8.62. 3,920 ml of 30% hydrochloric acid are added to lower the pH to 4.54, which leads to precipitation of the proteins. This suspension is stirred for 30 minutes at 45° C. 
     The suspension is centrifuged. The solid (3) is recovered and 310.5 kg of liquid (4) are removed. 
     The solid (3) is suspended again in water, to be washed. A quantity of water approximately equal to the mass of the solid (3) is added. The pH of this suspension is 4.75. 
     This suspension is centrifuged. 46.3 kg of solid (4) and 110.7 kg of liquid (5) are recovered. The liquid (5) is not used again. 
     510 ml of 30% sodium hydroxide are added to the wet solid (4) to bring the pH to 6.94. 
     This solid is subsequently pasteurised by a thermal treatment at 90° C. for 20 seconds, then atomised. 6.8 kg of isolated guar proteins are thus obtained. 
     The sample of isolated protein contains: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 71-72%  
                 proteins 
               
               
                 5.6%  
                 ash (calcination) 
               
               
                 6.6%  
                 fats (hydrolysis/ 
               
               
                   
                 extraction) 
               
               
                 8.8%  
                 concentration in 
               
               
                   
                 water [Karl Fischer] 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Sugars (HPLC/refractometry) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Fructose  
                 &lt;0.1% 
               
               
                 Glucose  
                 &lt;0.1% 
               
               
                 Sucrose  
                 0.3% 
               
               
                 Maltose  
                 &lt;0.5% 
               
               
                 Lactose  
                 &lt;0.5% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Amino Acid Profile 
     Amino acid % by mass based on the total amino acid content of the isolated protein sample. 
                                             Amino acids   %                                                    cysteine   1.38           methionine   1.19           aspartic acid   10.90           threonine   2.75           serine   4.83           glutamic acid   22.97           proline   4.21           glycine   5.19           alanine   3.32           valine   3.51           isoleucine   3.18           leucine   6.21           tyrosine   3.70           phenylalanine    4.14           lysine   3.78           histidine   2.89           arginine   14.41           tryptophan   1.44                        
Amino acid % by mass based on the whole isolated protein sample.
 
                                                cysteine   0.98           methionine   0.84           aspartic acid   7.72           threonine   1.95           serine   3.42           glutamic acid   16.27           proline   2.98           glycine   3.68           alanine   2.35           valine   2.49           isoleucine   2.25           leucine   4.4           tyrosine   2.62           phenylalanine   2.93           lysine   2.68           histidine   2.05           arginine   10.21           tryptophan   1.02                        
Molecular mass of the protein: 13,133 Da (MALDI-TOF-MS analysis).
 
Heavy metals: As+Cd+Cr+Ni+Hg+Pb+Se+Sn&lt;15 ppm.
 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Preparation of a Derived, Cationised Guar Protein Extract 
     Modification of a guar protein extract in order to introduce cationic trimethylammonium groups. The guar protein extract of Example 2 is used as a starting compound. 
     160 ml of demineralised water, and then 0.75 g of sodium hydroxide tablets, are introduced into a 1 litre double-wall glass reactor, equipped with a mechanical stirrer and upward condenser. The stirrer is started at 50 revolutions per minute in order to dissolve the solid sodium hydroxide. Once the sodium hydroxide dissolves, 30 g of guar protein extract powder, with a moisture content of 7.3% by mass, are added. 
     The reactor is then brought to 60° C. throughout by circulating a hot heat-transfer fluid inside the double wall. After 1 hour of stirring at 60° C., a volume of ml of Quab® 151 (70% solution by mass of 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride in water, sold by the company Degussa) is added dropwise for 20 minutes. After this addition, the reaction mixture is stirred at a temperature of 60° C. for 5 hours. 
     After cooling back to the ambient temperature, glacial acetic acid is added to the reaction medium until a pH equal to 7 is achieved. 
     The contents of the reactor are transferred into a separator funnel and added dropwise to 2 litres of agricultural absolute ethanol while stirring. A precipitate forms. This solid is washed by a succession of 3 sequences of the operations of decanting, removal of the supernatant, and replacement into a suspension in 1.5 litres of fresh ethanol. Finally, the solid is dried in a filter funnel made of fritted glass of porosity 2. Said solid is dried for 16 hours at 45° C. under a 200 mbar vacuum, altered to 180 mbar with nitrogen. 21.6 g of powdered solid are finally obtained. 
     Examples 4 to 6 were carried out with the protein extracts obtained in Example 2 (henceforth termed “natural guar protein”) and Example 3 (henceforth termed “cationised guar protein”). 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Properties of the Guar Protein Extract and of the Cationised Guar Protein Extract 
     a) Isoelectric Point of the Natural and Cationised Guar Protein Extract (in the Absence of Salt) 
     The isoelectric point of the protein extract obtained in Example 2 was determined by measuring the transmittance as a function of the pH, by means of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 600 nm. 
     A 1% solution of protein extract in distilled water is prepared. The pH of the solution is 7.3. When the pH is lowered, the solution becomes milky. At a pH of 4.9, a precipitation is observed: the isoelectric point of the protein, i.e. the pH at which the overall charge of the protein is zero, has then been reached. The pH must be lowered to 2.8 in order to start re-dissolving the protein, due to the overall cationic charge of the protein. For alkaline pH values, the turbidity decreases, because of the increase in the overall negative charge of the protein. 
     The isoelectric point of the cationised protein extract of Example 3 was determined by measuring the turbidity of the solution, by means of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer set at 600 nm, as a function of the pH measured by a pH meter. 
     A graph is created to show the effect of the pH on the turbidity and thus the solubility of a 0.5% solution of cationised guar protein in demineralised water. 
     No precipitation is observed, but at a pH of 11.4 the solution becomes very turbid and the transmittance is then zero. Then, by increasing the pH, the solution is caused to become clearer. The isoelectric point of the cationised protein is shifted to higher pH values (to a pH of approximately 11.4) because of the cationisation. 
     The isoelectric point of the cationised protein extract is therefore in the region of pH 11.4. 
     b) Surface Tension 
     The change over time of the surface tension of a 0.5% solution of natural or cationised guar protein extract in distilled water was measured with a hanging-drop tensiometer, for 300 s. The reduction in the surface tension is rapid. The values at equilibrium are about 45 mN/m (in isoconcentration, approximately the same equilibrium value is obtained for animal proteins such as gelatin or beta-lactoglobulin.) 
     c) Emulsification 
     The emulsification of an orange oil was carried out: at neutral pH, 2.5% of natural or cationised guar proteins allow 10% of oil to be emulsified with the Ultra Turrax and lead to an emulsion size of approximately 4 μm. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Shampoos and Formulability 
     The conventional formulation used comprises the following ingredients:
         0.3% natural or cationised guar protein extract;   2% amphoteric surfactant;   14% anionic surfactant;   1-2% NaCl salt;   water to make the formulation up to 100%.       

     The surfactants used: 
     CAPB: cocamidopropyl betaine (amphoteric surfactant); 
     SLES: Sodium laurylethersulphate (anionic surfactant). 
     Procedure 
     The procedure to obtain an appropriate shampoo formulation is as follows:
         mix the natural guar protein extract of Example 2 or the modified guar protein extract of Example 3 into water in a beaker, and stir until dissolving occurs (length of time very variable according to the polymer, may require modification of the pH);   add salt, and stir until dissolving occurs;   meanwhile, mix the two surfactants in another beaker for 30 minutes;   pour the water containing the salt and the polymer into the beaker containing the surfactants. Stir for 2 hours;   adjust the pH to between 5.5 and 6.5 with sodium hydroxide or citric acid.       

     Viscosity Measurement 
     The viscosity of the shampoos was measured using a Brookfield type viscometer. A spindle (spindle 4) is immersed into the shampoo and turned at a speed of 12 revolutions per minute at 25° C. 
     Stability Over Time 
     A sample in a hermetic glass flask is placed into an oven at 45° C. for 3 months to accelerate the ageing thereof. 
     Transmittance 
     The transmittance was measured in a 1 cm cell with a W-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 600 nm. 
     The results were as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Trans- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 % 
                 Viscosity 
                   
                 mittance  
                 Floccu- 
                   
               
               
                 Polymer 
                 NaCl 
                 (cP) 
                 Colour 
                 (%) 
                 lation 
                 Stability 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Guar Protein 
                 2 
                 4,800 
                 Yellow- 
                 51.0 
                 No 
                 3 months 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 brown 
                   
                   
                 okay 
               
               
                 Cationised 
                 2 
                 7,940 
                 Yellow- 
                 60.3 
                 No 
                 3 months 
               
               
                 guar protein 
                   
                   
                 brown 
                   
                   
                 okay 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The “natural” or cationised guar proteins allow formulations with a viscosity appropriate for a shampoo to be obtained. The viscosity of a shampoo must generally be between 2,000 and 15,000 cP. 
     Although the shampoos obtained are transparent, the transmittance in % is not very high, because the lightly coloured, natural or cationised guar proteins absorb light at 600 nm. 
     The shampoo compositions prepared here can be useful, for example, for increasing shininess, for repairing and/or protecting the hair, and for protecting and/or fixing the colour. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Transmittance T (%) of the formulation 
               
               
                 as a function of the dilution factor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 T %  
                 T %  
               
               
                   
                 (5 min) 
                 (5 min) 
               
               
                 Dilution  
                 Guar  
                 Cationised  
               
               
                 factor 
                 Protein 
                 guar protein 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 2.1 
                 73.2 
                 77.3 
               
               
                 3.9 
                 83.7 
                 86.6 
               
               
                 6.1 
                 89.1 
                 93.1 
               
               
                 8.0 
                 96 
                 100 
               
               
                 9.8 
                 98.9 
                 100 
               
               
                 15.0 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Hair Styling Products 
     a) Preparation of a Hair Styling Product Containing the Guar Protein Extract 
     Products used:
 
Thickening polymers (according to the formulation: gel, foam or spray): Carbomer C (Carbomer C® (Rhodia))
 
     Fixing product: natural or cationised guar protein extract 
     Other ingredients: 
     AMP (Aminomethyl propanol) 90%, neutralises the charge;
 
Kathon® CG, preservative.
 
     Procedure: 
     A stock solution of thickening polymer also containing AMP, on the one hand, and a stock solution of the fixing product in water, on the other hand, are prepared. 
     The water, the thickening polymer solution and AMP, and the fixing product solution are poured, in the proportions given in the table below, into a 100 ml beaker provided with a looped stirring blade. Two drops of preservative are subsequently added, then the pH is adjusted to between 5.5 and 7.5. 
                                     Nature or Function   Ingredient   % MA                                            Solvent   Water   99.54       Thickening polymer   Carbomer   0.2       pH adjuster, neutralises    Aminomethyl    0.16       the (−) charges   propanol           Fixing product   Natural or cationised   0.1           guar protein extract           Preservative   Kathon CG   2 drops                    
% MA represents the percentage by mass of active substance.
 
     The stability of the formulations over time was evaluated by studying the accelerated ageing in the oven at 45° C. in a glass flask with a perfectly tight plug. Duration: 3 months. 
     The pH, adjusted to between 5.5 and 7.5, was measured with the pH meter. 
     Viscosity: the formulations produced for different thickening polymers determine the viscosity and thus the packaging of the gel: 
     Packaging in a jar (η&gt;30,000 cP). 
     Formulation for a pump package (5,000 cP&lt;η&lt;30,000 cP)
 
Formulation as a spray (η&lt;5,000 cP).
 
     The transparency of the solution was measured with a turbidity meter (662 photometer, Metrohm) at 600 nm. The gels obtained were coloured; therefore a measurement of the colour was obtained at the same time as the transparency at 600 nm. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Thickening 
                 Fixing 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 polymer 
                 product 
                 Packaging 
                 Stability 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Carbomer 
                 Guar protein 
                 Spray 
                 Stable 
               
               
                   
                   
                 extract 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Carbomer 
                 Cationised guar  
                 Spray 
                 Stable 
               
               
                   
                   
                 protein 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     b) Test of Resistance Under Controlled Humidity 
     The resistance under controlled humidity of the formulations with 0.2% carbomer and 0.1% natural or cationised guar protein extract was tested under the conditions defined below. 
     The test consists of applying a controlled quantity of gel to calibrated natural hair strands; three strands of hair were used to study reproducibility 
     Once the strands are prepared, they are placed in a room at ambient temperature and humidity, and dried for approximately 2 hours; they are positioned vertically in order that no deformation take place. 
     Once the strands are dry, they are placed horizontally in an oven at 21° C. and 90% humidity, then the progress of the angle of inclination (to the horizontal) is measured at t=5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours. 
     The holding percentage over time of the strand was calculated according to the equation: 
       ((90°−α)/(90°−α 0 ))*100
 
     α=angle of inclination at t
 
α 0 =angle of inclination at t 0  (=0 for all the formulations)
 
t=time at which the measurement of the angle was taken
 
     This moisture resistance was compared in different formulations comparable to those which are commercially available, including:
         0.4% of thickening polymer, and   0.3% of fixing product: PQ4 (Celquat® H100 of National Starch), PQ11 (Gafquat® of ISP), PVP (PolyVinylPyrrolidone, ISP), PQ46 (Luviquat® Hold of BASF), PVP/VA (ISP).       

     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Fixing resistance imparted by the hair-styling products under controlled moisture (21° C., 90% humidity) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Mean % holding of the strand 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 0.1%  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 0.1% 
                 natural 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 cationised  
                 guar  
                 0.3% 
                 0.3% 
                   
                 0.3% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 guar 
                 protein 
                 Gafquat ® 
                 Celquat ® 
                 0.3%  
                 Luviquat ® 
                 0.3% 
               
               
                   
                 protein + 
                 extract +  
                 (PQ11 ISP) + 
                 H100 +  
                 PVP + 
                 Hold + 
                 PVP/VA + 
               
               
                   
                 0.2% 
                 0.2% 
                 0.4% 
                 0.4% 
                 0.4% 
                 0.4% 
                 0.4% 
               
               
                 Time 
                 thickening 
                 thickening 
                 thickening 
                 thickening 
                 thickening 
                 thickening 
                 thickening 
               
               
                 (mins) 
                 polymer 
                 polymer 
                 polymer 
                 polymer 
                 polymer 
                 polymer 
                 polymer 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 98.89 
                 94.81 
                 96.30 
                 93.06 
                 93.33 
                 97.04 
                 94.07 
               
               
                 15 
                 86.85 
                 86.30 
                 88.33 
                 86.94 
                 76.67 
                 85.93 
                 76.85 
               
               
                 30 
                 73.52 
                 77.78 
                 67.78 
                 60.28 
                 57.78 
                 67.41 
                 57.04 
               
               
                 60 
                 66.85 
                 72.41 
                 57.22 
                 51.94 
                 52.04 
                 57.22 
                 52.04 
               
               
                 120 
                 64.81 
                 70.19 
                 47.41 
                 46.11 
                 46.30 
                 46.67 
                 46.67 
               
               
                 180 
                 64.81 
                 70.00 
                 43.70 
                 46.11 
                 43.70 
                 42.04 
                 44.44 
               
               
                 240 
                 64.81 
                 69.26 
                 42.04 
                 45.00 
                 42.22 
                 39.81 
                 42.59 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The results obtained as shown in Table 2 demonstrate that despite the low concentration of fixing product (0.1% natural or cationised guar protein), a very good moisture resistance, greater than 60%, even after 4 hours, is achieved in the formulations. 
     However, the holding percentage obtained in the strand with the fixing polymers PQ4, PQ11, PQ46, PVP and PVP/VA is less than 60% after 60 mins, even though the proportions of carbomer and polymer used are greater. 
     When using 0.2% thickening polymer and 0.1% fixing product, the holding percentage obtained in the strand with the fixing products PQ4, PQ11, PQ46, PVP and PVP/VA is even lower.