Patent Publication Number: US-9892241-B2

Title: Out-of band tokens for rights access

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/075,695, filed Nov. 8, 2013, titled “Out-of Band Tokens for Rights Access,” now allowed, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/220,418, filed Aug. 29, 2011, titled “Out-of Band Tokens for Rights Access,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,584,253, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/966,428, filed Dec. 28, 2007, titled “Out-of Band Tokens for Rights Access,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,011,007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/412,682, filed Apr. 14, 2003, titled “Out-of Band Tokens for Rights Access,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,315,946, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/334,144, filed Dec. 31, 2002, titled “Out-of-Band Tokens for Rights Access,” now abandoned, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/421,051, filed Oct. 25, 2002, titled “Out-of Band Tokens for Rights Access.” Each of these applications is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This document relates to rights access using out-of-band tokens. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The emergence of new technologies has created more channels for dissemination of content, whether access to the content being disseminated is authorized or not. Moreover, with digital copying tools and Internet-based distribution programs, a pirated copy selection may be digitally copied many times without distortion. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one general aspect, a content access system includes a storage medium that stores one or more selections of content, an out-of-band token sensor that accesses a passive optical out-of-band token associated with the content, an access controller that determines an access right for the content based on the passive optical out-of-band token, and an authenticating controller to enable access to the content in accordance with the determined access right. 
     Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, the media storage may be an optical disk, a network accessible host, or a jukebox. The jukebox may store multiple selections from different authors. The passive optical out-of-band token may reside on the storage medium. The passive optical out-of-band token may be printed or may include a hologram. A consumer appliance used to access the content may be unable to create the passive optical out-of-band token. The passive optical out-of-band token may be included in the packaging used to distribute the content, and may include a case cover, a packaging insert, or a card. 
     The out-of-band token sensor may include an image detector configured to read an image placed before the image detector. The image detector may determine optical values at selected locations in the passive optical out-of-band token. The selected locations may be randomly selected locations from within the passive optical out-of-band token, and may be identified by a master location in the passive optical out-of-band token. The passive optical out-of-band token may spin to permit the out-of-band token sensor to read a pattern that results from spinning the passive optical out-of-band token. The passive optical out-of-band token may reside on more than one surface. The authenticating controller may supply a default rule as to when the out-of-band token may be accessed. The default rule may include a read-only permission. 
     The out-of-band token sensor may poll an access right data store with more than one access right. The out-of-band token sensor may access the access right data store through a communications network. A first registering processor may register the out-of-band token. A second registering processor may modify the access right upon registering the out-of-band token. The authenticating controller may specify a number of times that the content may be accessed, specify a number of times that the content may be copied, and/or specify the devices on which the content may be accessed. 
     Implementations also may include a sequence of steps performed on the content access system to achieve these features. Other features will be apparent from the following description, including the drawings, and the claims. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary content access system. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates examples of devices that may be included in a distribution of a medium and that may be used as an out-of-band token. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates an exemplary card that may be used to signal access rights. 
         FIGS. 2C and 2D  together illustrate an exemplary medium showing how information appearing on the surface of a medium may generate an out-of-band token when the medium shown in  FIG. 2C  is spun. 
         FIG. 2E  illustrates yet another exemplary out-of-band token. 
         FIG. 2F  is an exemplary image that illustrates how the master location may dynamically generate an out-of-band token. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary flow chart of a process for accessing content leveraging an out-of-band token. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an exemplary communications system that includes a media player configured to access a host. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary flow chart of a process performed by a media player configured to access a host. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary jukebox configured to act as a content access system. 
     
    
    
     Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. For brevity, several elements in the figures described below are represented as monolithic entities. However, as would be understood by one skilled in the art, these elements each may include numerous interconnected computers and components designed to perform a set of specified operations and/or dedicated to a particular geographic region. Similarly, illustrated processes may each include numerous subprocesses. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For illustrative purposes,  FIGS. 1-6  describe a content access system for administering access to content. Generally, a consumer appliance in the content access system generates or receives requests for access to content that may include one or more selections. Before satisfying such a request, the consumer appliance may access an out-of-band token associated with the content, may determine an access right for the content based on such an out-of-band token, and may enable access to the content in accordance with the determined access rights. 
     Generally, the token describes rights access information that is used to identify access rights appropriate for the content, which rights may vary based on the user, individually or categorically. An out-of-band token resides in a different channel than the content, where the channel for the content and the token may be of consistent type (e.g., both optical) or different type (e.g., magnetic and optical). Thus, the electronic medium and out-of-band token generally are detected using different sensors. For example, an out-of-band token for content recorded on a compact disk may include a holographic image displayed on the compact disk surface or cover. 
     The following simplified example is provided to illustrate use of an optical token on the case of an optical disk. In this example, a consumer inserts the optical disk into a disk player and swipes the optical disk case underneath an optical sensor that is configured to discern access rights from context indicia embedded in or otherwise attainable from the optical disk case. Using the discerned access rights, the disk player determines whether the requested access is available and acts appropriately to enable or deny access (e.g., play a song from the optical disk if it is determined that the access rights allow such access). 
       FIG. 1  illustrates one implementation of a content access system  100  configured to administer access to content. The content access system  100  includes a medium  110  and a consumer appliance  120 . The medium  110  includes content  112  (e.g., electronic or optical) and an out-of-band token  114  associated with the content  112 . The consumer appliance  120  includes a media container  122 , a content sensor  124 , and an out-of-band token sensor  126 . The consumer appliance  120  may use the out-of-band token sensor  126  to read the out-of-band token  114 , and may use the results of the reading to determine access rights to the content  112 . 
     Generally, the medium  110  includes one or more devices configured to store content. Formats of the medium  110  have been generally described previously. The medium  110  may be embodied or included in a portable dedicated storage device, such as a memory/storage key or a floppy, compact, optical (e.g., CD (“compact disc”), DVD (“digital video disk”), HD-DVD (“high definition digital video disk”)), digital, versatile, or MP3 disk. Alternatively, the medium  110  may be included or integrated in another system, which may or may not be portable or remote. For example, the medium  110  may include a hard drive of a consumer appliance  120 , which may be used as an access-regulated jukebox to enable multiple selections of content depending on the configuration of the consumer appliance  120  and the access rights for a user accessing the jukebox. Alternatively, the medium  110  may reside on a remote system that is accessible to a consumer appliance  120  and that is operated by a third party, such as a record label. 
     Generally, the content resides in the channel for which the medium was designed. For example, in an optical disk medium, the content (e.g., a song) is stored as optical binary bits. These optical bits may be read by targeting a location in the optical disk with an optical transceiver and determining whether each of a series of optical bits is logically set to a ‘1’ or ‘0’. Alternatively, if the medium  110  includes a compact flash card or a hard disk drive, the content  112  may reside in the memory in the compact flash card or on the magnetic platters of the hard disk drive. 
     The out-of-band token  114  is an authentication system configured to establish access controls or permissions for the content. The out-of-band token  114  and content  112  reside in different frequencies, channels, mediums or physical structures, or formats so that the out-of-band token  114  is not read by the sensor used to read the content  112 . For example, when using different frequencies to achieve independence among content  112  and token  114 , the content  112  may be read at a first wavelength and the out-of-band token  114  may be read at a second wavelength. 
     The out-of-band token  114  may be configured so that a consumer may be unable to create the out-of-band token  114 . For example, a consumer may be able to distribute the content, for example, using file sharing protocols and optical disk writing technologies. However, a mint with equipment that is not accessible to consumers may write the out-of-band token  114 . The mint may include an industrial printer or a hologram writer. The mint also may be configured to associate a particular instance of the medium  110  or the content  112  with the out-of-band token  114  being fabricated. For example, the mint may associate a serial number for the medium  110  or the content  112  with the out-of-band token  114 . Thus, an out-of-band token  114  associated with a first medium  110 /piece of content  112  may not used with a second medium  110 /piece of content  112 . 
     The out-of-band token  114  need not be distributed with the medium  110 . For example, a content provider may electronically distribute selections of content to one or more storage locations. At a later time, a consumer may use the out-of-band token  114  to unlock the content, which has been electronically distributed and is already residing in, for example, an electronic jukebox. 
     The out-of-band token  114  may describe the instances of content  112  that may be accessed. For example, the out-of-band token may include a serial number printed on the surface of a disk. This serial number also may be stored in the content on the optical disk. 
     The out-of-band token  114  may be a passive device that is not required to be electronically interrogated. In contrast, an active out-of-band token  114  may include an electronic or magnetic interface that is interrogated electronically. For example, the out-of-band token  114  may include a disk cover that is read by an optical “eye” configured to read disk covers. One example of an active out-of-band token  114  is an electronic key that is inserted into a key reader. The key reader may electronically probe key logic and/or memory to make an access control determination. 
     The consumer appliance  120  includes a medium container  122 , a content sensor  124 , and an out-of-band token sensor  126 . Generally, as described in greater detail with respect to  FIG. 3 , the consumer appliance  120  is configured to (1) receive and secure medium  110  using medium container  122 , (2) read the out-of-band token  114  using the out-of-band token sensor  126 , (3) determine access rights based on the token  114 , and (4) read the desired content from the medium  110  using the content sensor  124  (e.g., an optical or magnetic head) if sufficient rights exist. 
     The consumer appliance  120  also may include and run one or more software applications. For example, the consumer appliance  120  may run a software application configured to administer a rights access program. The rights access program may be used to determine an access right for the content. Other software applications on the consumer appliance  120  may include a software application configured to display content information (e.g., a cover, lyrics, artist information, and/or purchasing information for the content). Although the consumer appliance  120  in one sense, may relate to other consumer appliances, such as a CD player and/or a DVD player, the consumer appliance  120  also may relate to more flexible electronic equipment such as a personal computer. For example, a computer may be configured as a stereo system that runs a general-purpose operating system with one or more media applications performed by a general operating system and a general-purpose processor. Additionally, the computer may be configured to respond to controls such as those typically found on a stereo system (e.g., a volume control dial). 
     The media container  122  is a device configured to receive and support a medium  110 . For example, the media container  122  may include a tray configured to hold an optical disk and retrieve the optical disk into the consumer appliance  120  to play the content on the optical disk. Alternatively, the medium container  122  may include a slot, a pressed-on lid used to insert an optical disk, a container configured to play various forms of electronic storage (e.g., compact flash, non-volatile memory), or some other mechanism capable of receiving and supporting a medium  110 . 
     The content sensor  124  includes a detector configured to read content  112  residing in a medium  110  that has been placed in or that is supported by the media container  122 . The content sensor  122  may include an optical transceiver configured to read content written to or otherwise stored by an optical medium  110 , such as an optical disk. Another example of the content sensor  124  may include a compact flash reader configured to read electronic and/or magnetic mediums. 
     The content sensor  124  may be integrated with the media container  122 . For example, the content sensor  124  may be configured to read an optical disk that has been placed in a tray configured to secure the optical disk. The tray may retrieve the optical disk, rotate the optical disk, and control the location of the content sensor to read an appropriate portion of the content, such as, for example, a particular track. 
     The out-of-band token sensor  126  includes a device configured to read an out-of-band token  114  associated with content  112 . The token  114  then may be used to determine an access right for the content  112 . Using an out-of-band token sensor  126 , it is possible to detect or otherwise identify, infer or resolve access rights based on information that does not actually reside within the content  112  in the medium  110  itself. That is, to determine the access rights appropriate for the content  112  or the medium  110  itself, out-of-band sensor  126  may be used to access another source of information that resides in the medium  110  or a channel that is distinct from the medium  110  or the channel of information used to store the content  112 . Furthermore, the out-of-band token sensor  126  may be configured to read a token  114  that is physically located proximate to or even sharing the same physical structure as the content  112 . For example, the out-of-band token sensor  126  may read an out-of-band token  114  residing as an image printed the surface of an optical disk. Thus, to access the content  112 , a first optical detection device may be used to play a CD (e.g., content sensor  124 ), while a different sensor (e.g., out-of-band token sensor  126 ) is used to access the out-of-band information residing on the label of the CD itself. 
     The out-of-band token sensor  126  may include a device distinct from the content sensor  124 , or the out-of-band token sensor  126  may be co-located with the content sensor  124 . For example, the out-of-band token sensor  126  may be configured to read the label affixed to the surface of a medium  110  that is inserted in the media container  122 . By way of contrast, the out-of-band token sensor  126  in another example may not be co-located with the content sensor  124 . For instance, the out-of-band token sensor  126  may read a label on the optical disk that is swiped under an external out-of-band token sensor  126  before the optical disk is placed in a tray acting as the media container  122 . In another configuration, the out-of-band token sensor  126  may be configured to read out-of-band tokens  114  that are not co-located with the medium  110 . For example, the medium  110  may be inserted in the media container  122 , and the cover of a case for the medium  110  may be swiped or placed before an out-of-band token sensor  126  that is configured to read one or more portions of the case cover to determine the access rights for the content. 
     The out-of-band token  114  may be stored on the medium  110  (e.g., the label on the surface of the optical disk) as a hologram that is written onto the optical disk but that resides in a different band than the content itself. Furthermore, the hologram itself need not be stored as digital information. For example, the hologram may comprise an analog image that may be scanned by the out-of-band token sensor  126 . 
     Generally,  FIGS. 2A-2F  illustrate exemplary out-of-band tokens. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , one or more items may be distributed as packaging  200 A for medium  110  and used as an out-of-band token  114 . When configured to act as an out-of-band token  114 , these items may be read by the out-of-band token sensor  126  described in  FIG. 1 . Generally, the systems in the packaging  200 A may be distributed with the medium  110 . 
     Specifically, the medium  110  described by  FIG. 1  may be distributed with packaging  210 A, an insert  220 A, and/or a card  230 A. For example, DVD disk packaging  200 A may include a paper insert  220 A that is descriptive of the DVD tracks, the credits and the lyrics. The insert  220 A may include a guide to lyrics that is being distributed with a CD. Additionally, a card  230 A with a high quality image may be distributed. The card  230 A may be used to describe the content on the medium itself (e.g., track descriptions). For example, the card may be inserted in a jacket and collected by an owner. 
     Typically, in addition to the items shown by  FIG. 2A , the packaging  210 A includes one or more devices or components configured to protect the medium from being damaged. The packaging also may include one or more theft deterrent devices and/or logistics management components configured to manage the medium itself. For example, the packaging may include a bar code and/or an RF (“Radio Frequency”) identification sensor that may be used in support of inventory and security functions. These items also may be used as out-of-band tokens. 
     The medium may include an optical disk with one or more pieces of content available for use. This content may be digitally secured (e.g., encrypted). Alternatively, the medium may include content that is not secure and instead relies on a consumer appliance  120  to administer a rights access scheme. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2B , an exemplary card  230 B may be configured to act as an out-of-band token. Generally, the card  230 B relates to the card  230 A described previously in the context of packaging  200 A in  FIG. 2A . However, card  230 B may include a cover image  232 B and a description  234 B and may have an image used to determine access rights. Although information in the image may not be discernable to the naked eye of an observer, the out-of-band token sensor  126  may detect information residing in the image and use that information to determine the user access rights. For example, user access rights may be specified by a certain color or pattern appearing in a portion of the image used on the album cover  232 B. Card  230 B also illustrates how the access rights may be incorporated into a card  230 B that may be useful to the user as a medium identifier. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2C and 2D , an exemplary medium  200 C illustrates how an out-of-band token may be generated from information appearing on the surface of a medium  110 . The out-of-band token sensor  126  may be configured to read token information that is not generated until the medium  110  itself is processed. For example, a pattern of information may be written to the label on an optical disk. As the label is spun, a pattern may be generated on the surface of the optical disk, which may be read to determine the access rights for the content. For example, the information may be encoded in areas  210 C,  220 C, and  230 C of the medium  200 C. As medium  200 C is spun, an out-of-band token  200 D may be generated and read from the surface of the medium  200 C, as shown by the exemplary pattern of rings illustrated by  FIG. 2D . When spun, the images  210 C,  220 C, and  230 C generate rings  210 D,  220 D, and  230 D, which may be used to determine the access rights. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2E , an image  200 E may be used as an out-of-band token  114  with encoded access rights. Image  200 E includes a first portion configured to encode an identifier (e.g., a serial number  210 E), a second different portion configured to describe a second identifier (e.g., medium information  220 E), and a third portion configured to define the access rights  230 E. As such, the serial number, medium information and access rights may be co-located or they may be located in different portions of the image. 
     Similarly, not all portions of the image must be used. In fact, only a portion of the image may be used to determine the access rights. Similarly, different portions of the image may be used for different instances of the medium  110 . For example, for a first user the access rights may be found in the upper left-hand corner, whereas, for the same content on a second medium, the access rights may reside in the lower right-hand corner. 
     The location of the access rights in the out-of-band token may or may not be specified in the same portion in advance. For example, in  FIG. 2F , image  200 F illustrates how a master location may be located on an image that indicates where the user access rights are located in that image. For example, in image  200 F, master location  210 F indicates that regions  220 F,  230 F, and  240 F should be used to determine the access rights. The master location may be located in a different portion of the image. For example, in one image, the master location may be located in the lower left-hand corner whereas, for the same content, the master location may be located in the upper right-hand corner. The access rights may be located in randomly-selected locations from within the image. 
     Although several out-of-band tokens are shown, the out-of-band tokens are not limited to the out-of-band tokens shown in  FIGS. 2A-2F . For example, other out-of-band tokens may include, but are not limited to, a promotional item also configured to act as an out-of-band token. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a flow chart  300  illustrates an exemplary process for administering access to content. Generally, flow chart  300  may be performed on systems that have been described previously (e.g., consumer appliance  120  using medium  110 ). 
     As shown, the medium is received and the content is accessed (step  310 ). Receiving the medium and accessing the content may include inserting a medium  110  into a consumer appliance  120 . Accessing content also may include downloading content from a remote system. For example, a song may be downloaded from the Internet. 
     The out-of-band token may be accessed (step  320 ). Generally, accessing the out-of-band token involves enabling the out-of-band token sensor  126  to read one or more out-of-band tokens  114 . For example, after an optical disk has been inserted into a consumer appliance  120 , the consumer appliance  120  may check the optical disk for an out-of-band token  114  residing on the surface of the optical disk and also may prompt the consumer to swipe an album cover underneath an additional out-of-band token sensor  126 . Accessing an out-of-band token may involve more than one operation. For example, a consumer may be initially prompted for a first portion of the out-of-band token  114  and then subsequently prompted for another portion of the out-of-band token  114 . More specifically, a first portion of the out-of-band token  114  may provide one indicia of access (e.g., the content serial number) and the second portion may be used to provide another indicia of access (e.g., the access rights). 
     With the content and the out-of-band token accessed, the access rights are determined (step  330 ). Generally, determining the access right for the content includes determining how a user may access the content. For example, permission to read, copy, and distribute the content may be indicated. Additionally, the access right may be set based on the device upon which the content is being accessed. For example, access rights may be limited to a particular consumer appliance, or a particular class of consumer appliances (e.g., a portable device). 
     Determining an access right for the content may include determining that no access rights have been identified. This may, in turn, trigger the application of one or more default rules based on user, device, and/or the content criteria. For example, a default set of rules may be established and referenced for a particular user or class of users, a particular type of electronic content, or a particular class of consumer appliance. One such default rule may determine that the access right includes read-only or some other predetermined permission level. 
     Determining the access right also may include retrieving an access right data store of more than one access right. This access right data store may be accessed through a communications network, such as the configuration where the access right data store resides on a remote host  150 . Determining the access right also may include determining precisely how the content may be accessed. For example, determining the access right may include specifying a number of times the content may be accessed. 
     With the access right determined, access to the content is enabled in accordance with the access right (step  340 ). For example, a controller on a consumer appliance  120  may be directed to enable only read rights to content and preclude the user from copying the content. 
     As an optional step (not shown), the out-of-band token may be registered. Registering the out-of-band token may enable the access rights to be modified. For example, until the out of the band token is registered, the access rights may be set to read-only permissions. However, upon determining that the user has registered the out-of-band token, the user may be given permission to make a predetermined number of copies of the electronic content. Although the steps described in flow chart  300  appear in a serial order, they may be performed in parallel and/or in a different order. For example, although accessing content  112  is shown as being performed after accessing the out-of-band token  114 , those access operations may be performed in reverse order or in parallel. Thus, a user may read an image with the out-of-band token on an optical disk after the optical disk is inserted. Similarly, the optical disk may be inserted and then a cover image may be read to access the out-of-band token, or the cover image may be read concurrently with insertion of the optical disk in the consumer appliance  120 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , an exemplary communications system includes a media player  120  configured to access a remote data store  140  using a communications line  130 . Generally, the consumer appliance  120  relates to the consumer appliance  120  described previously with respect to  FIGS. 1-3 . However, the consumer appliance  120  of  FIG. 4  includes a network device configured to use a communications link  130  to determine access rights and/or retrieve content from remote data store  140 . 
     The communications link  130  typically includes a delivery network making a direct or indirect communication between the consumer appliance  120  and the host  140 , irrespective of physical separation. Examples of a communications link  130  include the Internet, the World Wide Web, WANs (“Wide Area Networks”), LANs (“Local Area Networks), analog or digital wired and wireless telephone networks (e.g., PSTN (“Public Switched Telephone Network”), ISDN (“Integrated Services Digital Network”), and xDSL (“any type of Digital Subscriber Loop”), radio, television, cable, satellite, and/or any other delivery mechanism for carrying data. The communications link  130  may include communication pathways that enable communications through the two or more delivery networks. Each of the communication pathways may include, for example, a wired, wireless, cable or satellite communication pathway. 
     The host  140  is generally capable of executing instructions under the command of a host controller (not shown). The host  140  may include one or more hardware components and/or software components. An example of a host  140  is a general-purpose computer (e.g., a personal computer) capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner. Other examples include a special-purpose computer, a workstation, a server, a device, a component, other physical or virtual equipment or some combination thereof capable of responding to and executing instructions. 
     The controller is a software application loaded on the host  140  for commanding and directing communications with the consumer appliance  120 . Other examples include a program, a piece of code, an instruction, a device, a computer, a computer system, or a combination thereof, for independently or collectively instructing the consumer appliance  120  or the host  140  to interact and operate as described. The consumer appliance  120  and the host  140  may be embodied permanently or temporarily in any type of machine, component, physical or virtual equipment, storage medium, or propagated signal capable of providing instructions to the consumer appliance  120  or the host  140 . 
     The host may include a permissions data store  142  and/or a content store  144 . The permissions data store  142  includes a program, an application or a device configured to provide security, rights access, and/or authentication services for the host  140 . For example, the permissions data store  142  may include a listing of serial numbers and associated out-of-band tokens. Alternatively, the permissions data store  142  may include listings of user identification information and content that the user is allowed to access. 
     Typically, the content store  144  enables the consumer appliance  120  to access online content. Other services provided as part of the content store may include programs that aid in content selections, and e-commerce programs that enable access rights to be purchased or acquired. In one example, the content store  144  may enable a consumer to find electronic content produced by the same artist. In another example, the content store may enable the consumer to purchase the access rights. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary flow chart  500  of a consumer appliance configured to access a host. Generally, the consumer appliance  120  and the host  140  relate to the consumer appliance  120  described previously with respect to  FIGS. 1-4  and the host  140  described with respect to  FIG. 4 . 
     Initially, the consumer appliance  120  requests content (step  505 ). The requested content may reside locally on the consumer appliance  120  (e.g., on an optical disk in an optical disk player), or the requested content may reside on a host. The host  140  receives the request (step  510 ). The consumer appliance  120  then reads the out-of-band token (step  515 ). Reading the out-of-band token may include using a card reader to read a card that has been purchased with access rights. The consumer appliance  120  transmits information related to the out-of-band token (step  520 ). Transmitting information related to the out-of-band token may include transmitting information that enables an access right to be determined. For example, the out-of-band token may include an image written to a card. The image may be read to determine a serial number. This serial number may be used as a reference to determine the access rights. 
     The host  140  receives the information related to the out-of-band token (step  530 ) and uses that information to determine the access right (step  535 ). Determining the access right may include referencing a user&#39;s permissions residing on a permissions store  142 . For example, a registered user may be given a set of permissions for a set of content. For example, the user may be allowed to copy a first piece of content. Alternatively, the access rights may be associated with a particular consumer appliance. For example, access to some content may be determined based on the identity of the consumer appliance being used to access the content. 
     The host  140  determines whether the access rights support the request for content (step  540 ). Determining whether the access rights support the request for content includes determining whether the permissions related to the out-of-band token allow for the content to be accessed in the requested manner. If the access right does support the requested content (step  545 ), the consumer appliance  120  may receive the content (step  550 ) and play the content (step  555 ). 
     When the access rights do not support the request, the host  140  may be configured to enable the user to acquire the access rights. For example, the user may be prompted to purchase access rights (step  560 ). The user may receive the prompt (step  565 ). Receiving the prompt may include generating a display on the consumer appliance  120  enabling the user to acquire the content. For example, the user may have a payment link established so that the user may conveniently purchase access rights by reading an out-of-band token that identifies the user. In another example, the consumer appliance may prompt the user for payment information. 
     If the user elects to purchase access rights for the requested content, the consumer appliance  120  transmits the request to purchase access rights (step  570 ). The host  150  receives the request to purchase access rights (step  575 ). The host  150  then executes a transaction so that the access rights may be purchased (e.g., a credit card is charged) (not shown). With the access rights purchased, the host  140  modifies the access right to reflect the purchase (step  580 ). Modifying the access right to reflect the purchase may include adjusting a user record in a permissions data store  142  so that the user may access the requested content. Modifying the access right also may adjust an access right that is locally maintained on the consumer appliance. For example, an optical disk player may have local permissions. Modifying the access right may adjust the local permissions to enable access to the content without requiring the consumer appliance to subsequently access the host  140 . 
     Where the content does not reside on the consumer appliance  120 , the host  140  may transmit the content to the consumer appliance  120  (step  585 ). Transmitting the content to the consumer appliance  120  may include enabling the consumer appliance to download a particular file with the requested content. The consumer appliance receives the content (step  590  and plays the content (step  595 ). 
       FIG. 6  shows an exemplary list of access rights for an exemplary jukebox system  600 . In jukebox  600 , a content piece is selected along with access rights for the content. Generally, the jukebox  600  relates to the content access system  100  described in  FIG. 1 . However,  FIG. 6  illustrates how the consumer appliance  120  may function as a jukebox. Typically, a jukebox  600  includes more than one content piece that may be selected, with multiple content pieces residing in a common location or consumer appliance. 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 6 , the jukebox  600  includes content that may be selectively accessible. Jukebox  600  includes records  610 - 640 , with each record describing a piece of content and the related access right. In jukebox  600 , record  610  describes a stored CD Y, for which the illustrated user has no access privileges, but for which the user may gain access privileges by purchasing use rights that are made available through use of an out-of-band token that enables access to the content. For example, a user may purchase a card  230 A that unlocks CD Y for the holder of the card  230 A. The jukebox  600  may include an out-of-band token sensor  126  configured to read the card  230 A. 
     In jukebox  600 , record  620  indicates that the user is given unlimited read access to CD Z. For example, the illustrated user may have purchased the CD and, by virtue of the purchase, may have unlimited listening rights to the CD. The access rights regulating unlimited access to the CD may have been established by the user using out-of-band token  114  to unlock the unlimited access rights to CD Z. 
     In contrast to the unlimited access rights to CD Z, for Movie A, record  630  indicates that the user has read access rights and may make a limited number of copies of Movie A. Also, record  640  indicates that the user has read-once access rights for Movie B. This may be because, for example, Movie B is being distributed in a promotion and the user has received read once access rights in the course of participating in the promotion. For example, a marketing company may distribute promotional items in a magazine. The magazine promotion may include the card  230 A, which may be read by the out-of-band token sensor  126  residing in jukebox  300 . Upon accessing Movie B once, the user&#39;s access rights to Movie B may be terminated. 
     The jukebox  600  may use a host-based system to track the number of copies or viewings. For example, a user may register their instance of the content on a host-based registry. Upon copying the content, a counter may be decremented to reflect that the user has consumed one of his rights. When the counter indicates that no more access rights exist, permission to perform the copying may be denied. 
     Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the consumer appliance may distribute the operations across one or more systems and/or proxies. In another example, the content may be accessed on a first device, while the out-of-band token is accessed on another device. For example, a consumer appliance that reads the optical disk may be used to read the content while an optical sensor attached to a personal computer may access the out-of-band token. The content then may interface with the out-of-band token sensor to determine the access rights for the content. 
     A number of aspects of the consumer appliance have been described. An out-of-band token that is not illustrated but may be used includes a serial number that is printed on the medium  110 . Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of what is claimed. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.