Patent Publication Number: US-11648438-B2

Title: Exercise apparatuses

Description:
FIELD 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/710,326, filed on Dec. 11, 2019, and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/778,367, filed on Dec. 12, 2018. The entire contents of each of these related applications is incorporated into this disclosure by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The disclosure relates generally to the field of exercise apparatuses. More particularly, the disclosure relates to exercise apparatuses that include a rotatable handle. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A common exercise performed by weightlifters is the bench press, which exercises the chest, triceps, and shoulders. To perform a bench press, the back is positioned flat on a bench at an angle relative to the floor on which the feet are positioned. Subsequently, the hands are positioned on a bar and a lift is performed. The placement of the hands on the bar is generally based on a specific distance from the center of the bar or markings incorporated into the bar, which are not customized to a specific weightlifter and can result in a less efficient lift. In addition, during a lift, the position of the hands is prevented from being manipulated since they are rotationally fixed relative to the bar throughout the lift, which can increase stress on the shoulders and the surrounding tissues. Other exercises have similar drawbacks due to the fixed position of the hands relative to the lifting device during use. 
     Therefore, a need exists for new and useful exercise apparatuses. 
     SUMMARY OF SELECTED EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     Various exercise apparatuses are described herein. 
     An example exercise apparatus includes a first shaft, a first frame, a first handle, a second frame, a second handle, a second shaft, and a third shaft. The first shaft has a first shaft first end and a first shaft second end. The first frame is attached to the first shaft first end. The first frame defines a first frame passageway. The first handle is rotatably attached to the first frame and extends across the first frame passageway. The second frame is attached to the first shaft second end. The second frame defines a second frame passageway. The second handle is rotatably attached to the second frame and extends across the second frame passageway. The second shaft has a second shaft first end and a second shaft second end. The second shaft second end is attached to the first frame. The third shaft has a third shaft first end and a third shaft second end. The third shaft first end is attached to the second frame. 
     Another example exercise apparatus includes a first shaft, a first frame, a first handle, a second frame, a second handle, a second shaft, and a third shaft. The first shaft has a first shaft first end and a first shaft second end. The first frame is releasably attached to the first shaft first end. The first frame defines a first frame passageway. The first handle is rotatably attached to the first frame and extends across the first frame passageway. The second frame is releasably attached to the first shaft second end. The second frame defines a second frame passageway. The second handle is rotatably attached to the second frame and extends across the second frame passageway. The second shaft has a second shaft first end and a second shaft second end. The second shaft second end is attached to the first frame. The third shaft has a third shaft first end and a third shaft second end. The third shaft first end is attached to the second frame. 
     Another example exercise apparatus includes a first shaft, a first frame, a first handle, a second frame, a second handle, a second shaft, and a third shaft. The first shaft has a first shaft first end and a first shaft second end. The first frame is releasably attached to the first shaft first end. The first frame defines a first frame passageway and is moveable relative to the first shaft. The first handle is rotatably attached to the first frame and extends across the first frame passageway. The first handle has 360 degrees of rotation relative to the first frame. The second frame is releasably attached to the first shaft second end. The second frame defines a second frame passageway and is moveable relative to the first shaft. The second handle is rotatably attached to the second frame and extends across the second frame passageway. The second handle has 360 degrees of rotation relative to the second frame. The second shaft has a second shaft first end and a second shaft second end. The second shaft second end is attached to the first frame. The third shaft has a third shaft first end and a third shaft second end. The third shaft first end is attached to the second frame. 
     Additional understanding of the example exercise apparatuses can be obtained by review of the detailed description, below, and the appended drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view of an example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  2    is a front view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a partial exploded view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective view of the first shaft of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of the first shaft illustrated in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  6    is a side view of the first shaft illustrated in  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  7    is a perspective view of a frame and handle of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  8    is a front view of the frame and handle illustrated in  FIG.  7   . 
         FIG.  9    is a side view of the frame and handle illustrated in  FIG.  7   . 
         FIG.  9 A  is a partial exploded view of the frame and handle illustrated in  FIG.  7   . 
         FIG.  10    is a perspective view of a first inner ring of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  11    is a front view of the first inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  10   . 
         FIG.  12    is a side view of the first inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  10   . 
         FIG.  13    is a magnified view of area  13 - 13  in  FIG.  11   . 
         FIG.  14    is a perspective view of a second inner ring of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  15    is a front view of the second inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  16    is a side view of the second inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  17    is a magnified view of area  17 - 17  in  FIG.  15   . 
         FIG.  18    is a perspective view of a third inner ring of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  19    is a front view of the third inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  18   . 
         FIG.  20    is a side view of the third inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  18   . 
         FIG.  21    is a magnified view of area  21 - 21  in  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  22    is a perspective view of an outer ring of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  23    is a front view of the outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  22   . 
         FIG.  24    is a side view of the outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  22   . 
         FIG.  25    is a perspective view of a handle outer ring of a handle of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  26    is a front view of the handle outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  27    is a side view of the handle outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  28    is a perspective view of a handle shaft of a handle of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  29    is a front view of the handle shaft illustrated in  FIG.  28   . 
         FIG.  30    is a side view of the handle shaft illustrated in  FIG.  28   . 
         FIG.  31    is a front view of the second shaft of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  32    is a front view of the third shaft of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  33    is a perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  34    is a front view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  33   . 
         FIG.  35    is a perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  36    is a front view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  35   . 
         FIG.  37    is a magnified view of area  37 - 37  in  FIG.  36   . 
         FIG.  38    is a magnified view of area  38 - 38  in  FIG.  36   . 
         FIG.  39    is an exploded perspective view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  35   . 
         FIG.  40    is an exploded front view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  35   . 
         FIG.  41    is an exploded perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  42    is a perspective view of the first shaft of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  43    is a front view of the first shaft illustrated in  FIG.  42   . 
         FIG.  44    is an end view of the first shaft illustrated in  FIG.  42   . 
         FIG.  45    is an exploded view of a frame and a handle of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  46    is a front view of a portion of a frame and a handle of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  47    is a side view of the portion of the frame and handle illustrated in  FIG.  46   . 
         FIG.  48    is another side view of the portion of the frame and handle illustrated in  FIG.  46   . 
         FIG.  49    is a magnified view of area  49 - 49  in  FIG.  48   . 
         FIG.  50    a perspective view of a portion of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  51    is a front view of the portion of the frame illustrated in  FIG.  50   . 
         FIG.  52    is side view of the portion of the frame illustrated in  FIG.  50   . 
         FIG.  53    is a rear view of the portion of the frame illustrated in  FIG.  50   . 
         FIG.  54    is a perspective view of an inner ring of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  55    is a front view of the inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  56    is a magnified view of area  56 - 56  in  FIG.  55   . 
         FIG.  57    is an end view of the inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  58    is a rear view of the inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  54   . 
         FIG.  59    is a perspective view of a tab of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  60    is a front view of the tab illustrated in  FIG.  59   . 
         FIG.  61    is a side view of the tab illustrated in  FIG.  59   . 
         FIG.  62    is a perspective view of a shaft of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  63    is a front view of the shaft illustrated in  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  64    is an end view of the shaft illustrated in  FIG.  62   . 
         FIG.  65    is a perspective view of a roller pin of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  66    is a front view of the roller pin illustrated in  FIG.  65   . 
         FIG.  67    is an end view of the roller pin illustrated in  FIG.  65   . 
         FIG.  68    is a perspective view of another inner ring of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  69    is a front view of the inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  68   . 
         FIG.  70    is a side view of the inner ring illustrated in  FIG.  68   . 
         FIG.  71    is a perspective view of an outer ring of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  72    is a front view of the outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  71   . 
         FIG.  73    is a side view of the outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  71   . 
         FIG.  74    is a rear view of the outer ring illustrated in  FIG.  71   . 
         FIG.  75    is a perspective view of a cover of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  76    is a front view of the cover illustrated in  FIG.  75   . 
         FIG.  77    is a side view of the cover illustrated in  FIG.  75   . 
         FIG.  78    is a perspective view of a first elongate member of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  79    is a front view of the elongate member illustrated in  FIG.  78   . 
         FIG.  80    is an end view of the elongate member illustrated in  FIG.  78   . 
         FIG.  81    is a perspective view of a handle of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  82    is a top view of the handle illustrated in  FIG.  81   . 
         FIG.  83    is a front view of the handle illustrated in  FIG.  81   . 
         FIG.  84    is an end view of the handle illustrated in  FIG.  81   . 
         FIG.  85    is a perspective view of another elongate member of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  86    is a front view of the elongate member illustrated in  FIG.  85   . 
         FIG.  87    is an end view of the elongate member illustrated in  FIG.  85   . 
         FIG.  88    is a perspective view of a plug of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
         FIG.  89    is a front view of the plug illustrated in  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  90    is a side view of the plug illustrated in  FIG.  88   . 
         FIG.  91    is a partial front view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  92    is another partial front view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91    with the first cover removed from the frame. 
         FIG.  93    is a rear view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91    with the first cover and the second cover removed from the frame. 
         FIG.  94    is a magnified view of area  94 - 94  in  FIG.  93   . 
         FIG.  95    is a rear partial perspective view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91    with the first cover and the second cover removed from the frame. 
         FIG.  96    is a perspective view of the first cover of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91    free of attachment to the frame. 
         FIG.  97    is a perspective view of the second cover of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91    free of attachment to the frame. 
         FIG.  98    is a rear partial perspective view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91   . 
         FIG.  99    is another perspective view of the second cover of a frame of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  91    free of attachment to the frame. 
         FIG.  100    is a perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  101    is a side view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  102    is a perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  103    is a top view of the exercise apparatus illustrated in  FIG.  102   . 
         FIG.  104    is a side view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  105    is a perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
         FIG.  106    is a perspective view of another example exercise apparatus. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description and the appended drawings describe and illustrate various example embodiments of exercise apparatuses. The description and illustration of these examples are provided to enable one skilled in the art to make and use an exercise apparatus. They are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any manner. 
       FIGS.  1  through  32    illustrate a first example exercise apparatus  10 . The exercise apparatus  10  includes a first shaft  12 , a first frame  14  releasably attached, and moveable relative, to the first shaft  12 , a first handle  16  attached, and moveable relative, to the first frame  14 , a second frame  18  releasably attached, and moveable relative, to the first shaft  12 , a second handle  20  attached, and moveable relative, to the second frame  18 , a second shaft  22  releasably attached, and moveable relative, to the first frame  14 , and a third shaft  24  releasably attached, and moveable relative, to the second frame  18 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, and as best shown in  FIGS.  4 ,  5 , and  6   , the first shaft  12  has a first shaft first end  30 , a first shaft second end  32 , a first shaft length  31  that extends from the first shaft first end  30  to the first shaft second end  32 , a first shaft outside diameter  33 , and a first shaft main body  34  that defines a first shaft passageway  36  and first shaft threads  38 . The first shaft passageway  36  extends from the first shaft first end  30  to the first shaft second end  32  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the first frame  14  and the second frame  18 . The first shaft passageway  36  has a first shaft passageway first inside diameter  35 , a first shaft passageway second inside diameter  37 , and a first shaft passageway third inside diameter  39 . The first shaft passageway first inside diameter  35  extends from the first shaft first end  30  toward the first shaft second end  32  a distance equal to about 4 inches. The first shaft passageway second inside diameter  35  extends from the first shaft second end  32  toward the first shaft first end  30  a distance equal to about 4 inches. The first shaft passageway third inside diameter  39  extends from a location where the first shaft passageway first inside diameter  35  ends to a location where the first shaft passageway second inside diameter  37  ends and extends along the first shaft lengthwise axis a distance equal to about 8 inches. In the illustrated embodiment, the first shaft length  31  is equal to about 16 inches, the first shaft outside diameter  33  is equal to about 2 inches, the first shaft passageway first inside diameter  35  is equal to about 1.5 inches, the first shaft passageway second inside diameter  37  is equal to about 1.5 inches, and the first shaft passageway third inside diameter  39  is equal to about 1.63 inches. 
     The first shaft main body  34  defines a first shaft thread  38  along the portion of the first shaft  12  that includes the first shaft first inside diameter  35  and a first shaft thread  38  along the portion of the first shaft  12  that includes the first shaft second inside diameter  37 . The first shaft thread  38  that extends along the portion of the first shaft  12  that includes the first shaft first inside diameter  35  is a 1.50-5 RH ACME thread. The first shaft thread  38  that extends along the portion of the first shaft  12  that includes the first shaft second inside diameter  37  is a 1.50-5 LH ACME thread. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as best shown in  FIGS.  1  through  3   , each of the first frame  14  and the second frame  18  is releasably attached to the first shaft  12  and can be moved along the length of the first shaft  12 , as described herein. The first frame  14  is attached to the first shaft first end  30  and the second frame  18  is attached to the first shaft second end  32 . While the first shaft  12  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a first shaft of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a first shaft can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the first shaft is included. 
     As best shown in  FIGS.  7 ,  8 ,  9 , and  9 A  each of the first frame  14  and the second frame  18  includes a first inner ring  42 , a second inner ring  44 , a third inner ring  46  moveably disposed (e.g., pivotally, rotatably) between the first inner ring  42  and the second inner ring  44 , an outer ring  48  attached to each of the first inner ring  42  and the second inner ring  44 , a first elongate member  50 , a second elongate member  52 , a plurality of ball bearings  54 , and defines a passageway  56 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as best shown in  FIGS.  10 ,  11 ,  12 , and  13   , the first inner ring  42  is a ring member that has a first inner ring first surface  58 , a first inner ring second surface  60 , a first inner ring inner surface  62 , a first inner ring outer surface  64 , a first inner ring outside diameter  57  equal to about 8.54 inches, a first inner ring inside diameter  59  equal to about 6 inches, a first inner ring thickness  61  equal to about 0.5 inches, and a first inner ring main body  66  that defines a first inner ring recess  68 . The first inner ring recess  68  extends about the entire circumference of the first inner ring  42  and from the first inner ring first surface  58  toward the first inner ring second surface  60  a has depth equal to about 0.17 inches. The first inner ring recess  68  is disposed a distance from the first inner ring inner surface  62  equal to about 0.30 inches, has a width equal to about 0.47 inches, and is disposed a distance from the first inner ring outer surface  64  equal to about 0.50 inches. The first inner ring recess  68  is sized and configured to receive a portion of each ball bearing of a first set of the plurality of ball bearings  54 . While the first inner ring  42  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a first inner ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a first inner ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the first inner ring is included. For example, a first inner ring can alternatively define a first inner ring recess that does not extend about the entire circumference of a first inner ring (e.g., a first inner ring recess that only partially extends about the circumference of a first inner ring). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as best shown in  FIGS.  14 ,  15 ,  16 , and  17   , the second inner ring  44  is a ring member that has a second inner ring first surface  70 , a second inner ring second surface  72 , a second inner ring inner surface  74 , a second inner ring outer surface  76 , a second inner ring outside diameter  71  equal to about 8.54 inches, a second inner ring inside diameter  73  equal to about 6 inches, a second inner ring thickness  75  equal to about 0.5 inches, and a second inner ring main body  78  that defines a second inner ring recess  80 . The second inner ring recess  80  extends about the entire circumference of the second inner ring  44  and from the second inner ring first surface  70  toward the second inner ring second surface  72  a has depth equal to about 0.17 inches. The second inner ring recess  80  is disposed a distance from the second inner ring inner surface  74  equal to about 0.30 inches, has a width equal to about 0.47 inches, and is disposed a distance from the second inner ring outer surface  76  equal to about 0.50 inches. The second inner ring recess  80  is sized and configured to receive a portion of each ball bearing of a second set of the plurality of ball bearings  54 . While the second inner ring  44  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a second inner ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a second inner ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the second inner ring is included. For example, a second inner ring can alternatively define a second inner ring recess that does not extend about the entire circumference of a second inner ring (e.g., a second inner ring recess that only partially extends about the circumference of a second inner ring). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as best shown in  FIGS.  18 ,  19 ,  20 , and  21   , the third inner ring  46  has a third inner ring first surface  82 , a third inner ring second surface  84 , a third inner ring inner surface  86 , a third inner ring outer surface  88 , a third inner ring outside diameter equal to about 7.69 inches, a third inner ring inside diameter equal to about 6.44 inches, a third inner ring thickness  87  equal to about 0.5 inches, and a third inner ring main body  90  that defines a third inner ring first recess  92  and a third inner ring second recess  94 . The third inner ring  46  is moveably disposed (e.g., pivotally, rotatably) between the first inner ring  42  and the second inner ring  44  using the plurality of ball bearings  54 , as shown in  FIG.  9   . A first set of ball bearings of the plurality of ball bearings  54  is disposed between the third inner ring  46  and the first inner ring  42  and a second set of ball bearings of the plurality of ball bearings  54  is disposed between the third inner ring  46  and the second inner ring  44 . 
     The third inner ring first recess  92  extends about the entire circumference of the third inner ring  46  and from the third inner ring first surface  82  toward the third inner ring second surface  84  a depth equal to about 0.17 inches. The third inner ring first recess  92  is disposed a distance from the third inner ring inner surface  86  equal to about 0.08 inches, has a width equal to about 0.47 inches, and is disposed a distance from the third inner ring outer surface  88  equal to about 0.08 inches. The third inner ring first recess  92  is sized and configured to receive a portion of each ball bearing of the first set of the plurality of ball bearings  54 . The third inner ring second recess  94  extends about the entire circumference of the third inner ring  46  and from the third inner ring second surface  84  toward the third inner ring first surface  82  a depth equal to about 0.17 inches. The third inner ring second recess  94  is disposed a distance from the third inner ring inner surface  86  equal to about 0.08 inches, has a width equal to about 0.47 inches, and is disposed a distance from the third inner ring outer surface  88  equal to about 0.08 inches. The third inner ring second recess  94  is sized and configured to receive a portion of each ball bearing of the second set of the plurality of ball bearings  54 . 
     While the third inner ring  46  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a third inner ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a third inner ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the third inner ring is included. For example, a third inner ring can alternatively define a third inner ring first recess and/or a third inner ring second recess that does not extend about the entire circumference of a third inner ring (e.g., a third inner ring first recess and/or a third inner ring second recess that only partially extends about the circumference of a third inner ring). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as shown best in  FIGS.  22 ,  23 , and  24   , the outer ring  48  has an outer ring first surface  96 , an outer ring second surface  98 , an outer ring inner surface  100 , an outer ring outer surface  102 , an outer ring outside diameter  97  equal to about 8.54 inches, an outer ring inside diameter  99  equal to about 8.16 inches, an outer ring thickness  101  equal to about 0.84 inches, and an outer ring main body  104  that defines an outer ring passageway  106 . The outer ring passageway  106  extends from the outer ring first surface  96  to the outer ring second surface  98  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the first inner ring  42 , the second inner ring  44 , and the third inner ring  46 . When a frame is assembled, as shown in  FIG.  7   , the outer ring  48  is attached to each of the first inner ring  42  and the second inner ring  44  and the third inner ring  46  is moveable within the outer ring  48  and between the first inner ring  42  and the second inner ring  44 . While the outer ring  48  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, an outer ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for an outer ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the outer ring is included. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as shown best in  FIGS.  7 ,  8 , and  9   , each of the first elongate member  50  and the second elongate member  52  is attached to the first inner ring  42 , the second inner ring  44 , and the outer ring  48  (e.g., welding, fusing). The first elongate member  50  has a first elongate member lengthwise axis  107 , a first elongate member first end  108 , a first elongate member second end  110 , a first elongate member length  109  that extends from the first elongate member first end  108  to the first elongate member second end  110 , a first elongate member outside diameter  111 , and a main body  112  that defines first elongate member threads  114 . In the illustrated embodiment, the first elongate member length  109  is equal to about 7.5 inches and the first elongate member outside diameter  111  is equal to about 1.5 inches. The first elongate member threads  112  are sized and configured to mate with the threads  160  defined by the second shaft  22  or the threads  170  defined by the third shaft  24 . The second elongate member  52  has a second elongate member lengthwise axis  113 , a second elongate member first end  116 , a second elongate member second end  118 , a second elongate member length  115  that extends from the second elongate member first end  116  to the second elongate member second end  118 , a second elongate member outside diameter  117 , and a second elongate member main body  120  that defines second elongate member threads  122 . In the illustrated embodiment, the second elongate member length  115  is equal to about 7.5 inches and the second elongate member outside diameter  117  is equal to about 1.5 inches. The second elongate member threads  122  are sized and configured to mate with a first shaft thread  38  defined by the first shaft  12 . The first elongate member lengthwise axis  107  is disposed at an angle  119  to the second elongate member lengthwise axis  113 . In the illustrated embodiment, the angle  119  is equal to 180 degrees such that the first elongate member lengthwise axis  107  is coaxial to the second elongate member lengthwise axis  113 . While each of the first elongate member  50  and the second elongate member  52  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a first elongate member and a second elongate member of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a first elongate member and a second elongate member can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the first elongate member and the second elongate member is included. In addition, alternative embodiments can include a second elongate member that is defined at any suitable angle relative to a first elongate member (e.g., angles less than 180 degrees, angles between 45 degrees and 180 degrees). 
     Optionally, each of the first frame and the second frame can include a plurality of markers. Each marker of the plurality of markers can be disposed on an elongate member of a frame and extend around a portion, or the entirety, of the elongate member. Each marker can also have any suitable length along an elongate member length. A marker can be formed in any suitable manner, such as by embedding material with a color different than the color of the material that forms a frame within the material that forms the frame and/or applying a material with a color different than the color that forms the material of a frame on an exterior surface of an elongate member. A first marker of the plurality of markers can be disposed on an elongate member (e.g., first frame first elongate member, first frame second elongate member, second frame first elongate member, second frame second elongate member) a first distance from the first inner ring and a second marker of the plurality of markers can be disposed on the elongate member (e.g., first frame first elongate member, first frame second elongate member, second frame first elongate member, second frame second elongate member) a second distance from the first inner ring that is different than the first distance. Each marker can be formed of a material having the same color, or each marker can be formed of a material that has a color that is different from an adjacent marker such that a first marker is formed of a material that has a first color and a second marker is formed of a material that has a second color that is different than the first color. The inclusion of a plurality of markers provides a user with a mechanism for positioning a first frame and a second frame relative to the user and for indicating a distance disposed between the markers. For example, the inclusion of markers, and the structural arrangement of the exercise apparatuses described herein, allows a user to adjust the exercise apparatus to confirm with the user&#39;s grip (e.g., distance between arms). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the first handle  16  is rotatably attached to the first frame  14  and extends across the first frame passageway  56  (e.g., entire first frame passageway  56 ) and the second handle  20  is rotatably attached to the second frame  18  and extends across the second frame passageway  56  (e.g., entire second frame passageway  56 ). Each of the first handle  16  and the second handle  20  includes a handle outer ring  126 , as shown in  FIGS.  25 ,  26 , and  27   , and a handle shaft  128 , as shown in  FIGS.  28 ,  29 , and  30   . The handle outer ring  126  is attached to the third inner ring  46  such that the handle  16 ,  20  is rotatably attached to a frame  14 ,  18  and has 360 degrees of rotation relative to the frame  14 ,  18 . However, alternative embodiments can include handles that can only partially rotate relative to a frame (e.g., less than 360 degrees, between 45 degrees and 315 degrees) and/or that only partial extend across a frame passageway. 
     The handle outer ring  126  has a handle outer ring first surface  130 , a handle outer ring second surface  132 , a handle outer ring inner surface  134 , a handle outer ring outer surface  136 , a handle outer ring outside diameter  131  equal to about 6.38 inches, a handle outer ring inside diameter  133  equal to about 6.0 inches, a handle outer ring width  135  equal to about 0.84 inches, a handle ring thickness  137  equal to about 0.19 inches, and a handle outer ring main body  138  that defines a handle outer ring passageway  140 . The handle outer ring passageway  140  extends from the handle outer ring first surface  130  to the handle outer ring second surface  132  and is sized and configured to receive the handle shaft  128 . While the handle outer ring  126  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a handle outer ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a handle outer ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the handle outer ring is included. 
     The handle shaft  128  has a handle shaft lengthwise axis  141 , a handle shaft first end  142 , a handle shaft second end  144 , a handle shaft length  143  that extends from the handle shaft first end  142  to the handle shaft second end  144 , a handle shaft outside diameter  145 , and a handle shaft main body  146  that defines handle shaft recesses  148 . Each of the handle shaft first end  142  and the handle shaft second end  144  is attached to the handle outer ring  126 . In the illustrated embodiment, the handle shaft length  143  is equal to about 6.0 inches and the handle shaft outside diameter  145  is equal to about 1.0 inch. However, alternative embodiments can have any suitable dimensions, such as a handle shaft outside diameter equal to about 1.19 inches. Each recess of the handle shaft recesses  148  extends from an outer surface of the handle shaft  128  and into the handle shaft main body  146 . Each recess of the plurality of recesses  148  has a length along the handle shaft lengthwise axis  141  equal to about 0.50 inches, a depth equal to about 0.25 inches or about 0.125 inches, is disposed about 0.75 inches from an end of the handle shaft  128 , extends about the entire circumference of the handle shaft  128 , is tapered from the outer surface of the handle shaft  128  toward the handle shaft lengthwise axis  141 . While the handle shaft  128  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a handle shaft of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a handle shaft can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the handle shaft is included. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the second shaft  22  is releasably attached to the first frame  14  and is moveable along the length of an elongate member of the first frame  14 , as described herein. The third shaft  24  is releasably attached to the second frame  18  and is moveable along the length of an elongate member of the second frame  18 , as described herein. As best shown in  FIG.  31   , the second shaft  22  has a second shaft first end  152 , a second shaft second end  154 , a second shaft length  153  that extends from the second shaft first end  152  to the second shaft second end  154 , a second shaft first outside diameter  155 , a second shaft second outside diameter  157 , a second shaft third outside diameter  159 , and a second shaft main body  156  that defines a second shaft passageway  158  and second shaft threads  160 . The second shaft length  153  is equal to about 21 inches. The second shaft passageway  158  extends from the second shaft first end  152  to the second shaft second end  154  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the first frame  14  or a portion of the second frame  18 . The second shaft passageway  158  has a second shaft passageway first inside diameter  161  that extends from the second shaft first end  152  toward the second shaft second end  154  a distance equal to about 17.0 inches. The second shaft first outside diameter  155  extends from the second shaft first end  152  toward the second shaft second end  154  a distance equal to about 15.38 inches and is equal to about 1.96 inches. The second shaft second outside diameter  157  (e.g., which forms a collar) extends from a portion of the second shaft  22  that has the second shaft first outside diameter  155  to a portion of the second shaft  22  that has the second shaft third outside diameter  159  a distance equal to about 1.62 inches and is equal to about 2.25 inches. The second shaft third outside diameter  159  extends from the second shaft second end  154  toward the second shaft first end  152  a distance equal to about 4.0 inches and is equal to about 2.0 inches. The second shaft main body  156  defines the second shaft threads  160  within the second shaft passageway  158  along a portion of the second shaft  22  that extends from the second shaft second end  154  toward the second shaft first end  152  a distance equal to about 4.0 inches. The second shaft thread  160  is a 1.50-5 LH ACME thread. The second shaft thread  160  is sized and configured to mate with the threads  112  of the first elongate member  50  or the threads  122  of the second elongate member  52 . While the second shaft  22  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a second shaft of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a second shaft can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the second shaft is included. 
     The third shaft  24  has a third shaft first end  162 , a third shaft second end  164 , a third shaft length  163  that extends from the third shaft first end  162  to the third shaft second end  164 , a third shaft first outside diameter  165 , a third shaft second outside diameter  167 , a third shaft third outside diameter  169 , and a third shaft main body  166  that defines a third shaft passageway  168  and third shaft threads  170 . The third shaft length  163  is equal to about 21 inches. The third shaft passageway  168  extends from the third shaft first end  162  to the third shaft second end  164  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the second frame  18  or a portion of the first frame  14 . The third shaft passageway  168  has a third shaft passageway first inside diameter  171  that extends from the third shaft second end  164  toward the third shaft first end  162  a distance equal to about 17.0 inches. The third shaft first outside diameter  165  extends from the third shaft first end  162  toward the third shaft second end  164  a distance equal to about 4.0 inches and is equal to about 2.0 inches. The third shaft second outside diameter  167  (e.g., which forms a collar) extends from a portion of the third shaft  24  that has the third shaft first outside diameter  165  to a portion of the third shaft  24  that has the third shaft third outside diameter  169  a distance equal to about 1.62 inches and is equal to about 2.25 inches. The third shaft third outside diameter  169  extends from the third shaft second end  164  toward the third shaft first end  162  a distance equal to about 15.38 inches and is equal to about 1.96 inches. The third shaft main body  166  defines the third shaft threads  170  within the third shaft passageway  168  along a portion of the third shaft  24  that extends from the third shaft first end  162  toward the third shaft second end  164  a distance equal to about 4.0 inches. The third shaft thread  170  is a 1.50-5 LH ACME thread. The third shaft thread  170  is sized and configured to mate with the threads  122  of the second elongate member  52  or the threads  112  of the first elongate member  50 . While the third shaft  24  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a third shaft of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a third shaft can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the third shaft is included. 
     The exercise apparatuses described herein allow for customizing the distance between a first frame and a second frame and/or provide for rotation of the handles while using the exercise apparatus to relieve excessive stresses on the shoulders and surrounding soft tissues. For example, the exercise apparatuses described herein allow for a bench press maneuver to be performed in a more physiological motion in regards to shoulder joint mechanics as opposed to current exercise apparatuses (e.g., bench press bars that are fixed and don&#39;t allow for rotation, as described herein), which can diminish the risk of shoulder injury from excessive repetitions. The exercise apparatuses described herein can be used not only in standard weight training activities but also for shoulder and/or pectoral rehabilitation following non-surgical injuries and/or for rehabilitation following shoulder and/or pectoral ligament repair and/or reconstruction. 
     The first shaft  12 , the first frame  14 , the first handle  16 , the second frame  18 , the second handle  20 , the second shaft  22 , and the third shaft  24  included in an exercise apparatus  10  can be formed of any suitable material and manufactured using any suitable technique or method of manufacture. Selection of a suitable material and technique or method of manufacture can be based on various considerations, including the structural arrangement of the exercise apparatus of which the feature is a component. Examples of materials considered suitable to form a first shaft, a first frame, a first handle, a second frame, a second handle, a second shaft, and a third shaft include wood, polymers, plastics, metals, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, combinations of the materials described herein, and any other material considered suitable for a particular embodiment. Examples of techniques and methods of manufacture considered suitable to form a first shaft, a first frame, a first handle, a second frame, a second handle, a second shaft, and a third shaft include injection molding, casting, cold rolling, and any other technique or method considered suitable for a particular embodiment. 
     Any suitable technique or method of attaching the components described herein as being attached can be utilized and selection of a suitable technique or method can be based on various considerations, including the material that forms the components intended to be attached to one another. Examples of techniques and methods of attachment considered suitable between two components of an exercise apparatus include using snap-fit connections, using threaded connections, adhesives, fusing, welding, and any other technique or method considered suitable for a particular embodiment. Optionally, the exercise apparatus  10  can include one or more mechanical stops between the first shaft  12  and the first frame  14 , the first shaft  12  and the second frame  18 , the second shaft  22  and the first frame  14 , and/or the third shaft  24  and the second frame  18 . A mechanical stop can include any suitable structure and/or component capable of allowing a first component to interact with a second component such that they become releasably attached to one another but cannot be separated without user interaction, such as using a spring-loaded projection attached to the first component that becomes disposed within a recess defined by the second component. 
     While the first shaft  12 , the first frame  14 , the first handle  16 , the second frame  18 , the second handle  20 , the second shaft  22 , and the third shaft  24  have been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement, a first shaft, a first frame, a first handle, a second frame, a second handle, a second shaft, and a third shaft included in an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and selection of suitable structural arrangement can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus. For example, an exercise apparatus can have a structural arrangement that allows for an Olympic sized bench press barbell to be positioned on a second shaft and/or a third shaft. 
       FIGS.  33  and  34    illustrate another example exercise apparatus  210 . The exercise apparatus  210  is similar to the exercise apparatus  10  illustrated in  FIGS.  1  through  32    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  210  has a first shaft  212 , a first frame  214 , a first handle  216 , a second frame  218 , a second handle  220 , a second shaft  222 , and a third shaft  224 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the first shaft  212  is fixedly attached to each of the first frame  214  and the second frame  218  such that the first shaft  212  cannot be separated from the first frame  214  or the second frame  218  without damaging the material that forms the first shaft  212 . The second shaft  222  is fixedly attached to the first frame  214  such that the second shaft  222  cannot be separated from the first frame  214  without damaging the material that forms the second shaft  222 . The third shaft  224  is fixedly attached to the second frame  218  such that the third shaft  224  cannot be separated from the second frame  218  without damaging the material that forms the third shaft  224 . For example, the first shaft  212 , the first frame  214 , the second frame  218 , the second shaft  222 , and the third shaft  224  can be formed of the same materials and be directly attached to one another such that they are a unitary component. 
       FIGS.  35 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39 , and  40    illustrate another example exercise apparatus  410 . The exercise apparatus  410  is similar to the exercise apparatus  10  illustrated in  FIGS.  1  through  32    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  410  has a first shaft  412 , a first frame  414 , a first handle  416 , a second frame  418 , a second handle  420 , a second shaft  422 , a third shaft  424 , a plurality of set screws  550 , and a plurality of locking pins  552 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the first shaft  412  has a first shaft first end  430 , a first shaft second end  432 , a first shaft length  431  that extends from the first shaft first end  430  to the first shaft second end  432 , a first shaft outside diameter  433 , and a first shaft main body  434  that defines a first shaft first passageway  436 , a first shaft second passageway  554 , a first shaft third passageway  556 , a plurality of threads  558 , a first shaft fourth passageway  560 , and a first shaft fifth passageway  562 . The first shaft first passageway  436  extends from the first shaft first end  430  to the first shaft second end  432  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the first frame  414  and the second frame  418 . The first shaft passageway  436  has a first shaft passageway first inside diameter that extends from the first shaft first end  430  to the first shaft second end  432 . Each of the first shaft second passageway  554  and the first shaft third passageway  556  extends through the first shaft main body  434 , provides access to the first shaft first passageway  436 , and is sized and configured to receive a set screw of the plurality of set screws  550 . A thread of the plurality of threads  558  extends from the first shaft main body  434  into a passageway  554 ,  556  and is sized and configured to mate with a thread  568  defined by a set screw of the plurality of set screws  550 , as described in more detail herein. Each of the first shaft fourth passageway  560  and the first shaft fifth passageway  562  extends through the first shaft main body  434 , provides access to the first shaft passageway  436 , and is sized and configured to receive a locking pin of the plurality of locking pins  552 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, each of the first frame  414  and the second frame  418  is releasably attached to the first shaft  412 . The first frame  414  is attached to the first shaft first end  430  and the second frame  418  is attached to the first shaft second end  432 . Each of the first frame  414  and the second frame  418  includes a first elongate member  450  and omits the inclusion of a second elongate member. The first elongate member  450  is attached to the first inner ring  442 , the second inner ring  444 , and the outer ring  448 . The first elongate member  450  has a first elongate member lengthwise axis  507 , a first elongate member first end  508 , a first elongate member second end  510 , a first elongate member length  509  that extends from the first elongate member first end  508  to the first elongate member second end  510 , a first elongate member outside diameter  511 , and a main body  512  that defines a first elongate member groove  564  and a first elongate member plurality of recesses  566 . The first elongate member groove  564  extends into the first elongate member main body  512 , is disposed between the elongate member first end  508  and the elongate member second end  510 , and is sized and configured to receive a portion of a set screw of the plurality of set screws  550 . Each of the first elongate member plurality of recesses  566  extends into the first elongate member main body  512 , is disposed between the elongate member first end  508  and the elongate member second end  510 , and is sized and configured to receive a portion of a locking pin of the plurality of locking pins  552 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the second shaft  422  is fixedly attached to the first frame  414  such that the second shaft  422  cannot be separated from the first frame  414  without damaging the material that forms the second shaft  422  and the third shaft  424  is fixedly attached to the second frame  418  such that the third shaft  424  cannot be separated from the second frame  418  without damaging the material that forms the third shaft  424 . Optionally, a second shaft and/or a third shaft can be formed of two separate components that are attached to one another. For example, a first component can comprise a component that is sized and configured to receive one or more plates and includes a collar for preventing movement of a plate toward the center of an exercise apparatus. A second component can comprise an elongate member that is sized and configured to be attached to the first component and a handle of an exercise apparatus. For example, a second component can be partially disposed within a recess defined by a first component (e.g., 2 inches) and attached to the first component (e.g., welding, fusing). 
     Each set screw of the plurality of set screws  550  (e.g., 0.50 inch set screw) is sized and configured to be received by a passageway  554 ,  556  defined by the first shaft main body  434  and a first elongate member groove  564 . Each set screw of the plurality of set screws  550  defines a thread  568  that is sized and configured to mate with a thread of the plurality of threads  558  defined by the first shaft main body  434 . Each set screw of the plurality of set screws  550  is movable between a first configuration in which the set screw is disposed within a passageway  554 ,  556  and is not disposed within a first elongate member groove  564  and a second configuration in which the set screw is disposed within a passageway  554 ,  556  and is disposed within a first elongate member groove  564 . In the first configuration, the first shaft  412  is free of attachment to the handle and can be moved relative to the handle, or removed from the handle. In the second configuration, the set screw releasably attaches the first shaft  412  to the handle that defines the groove within which the set screw is disposed (e.g., the handle can be moved along the length of the groove  564 ). The inclusion of a first elongate member groove  564  and a plurality of set screws  550  provide a mechanism to manipulate the position of a handle relative to a first shaft such that an exercise apparatus can be customized to a desired lifting position and maintain the alignment and/or attachment between a first shaft and a handle. 
     Each locking pin of the plurality of locking pins  552  is sized and configured to be received by a passageway  560 ,  562  defined by the first shaft main body  434  and a first elongate member recess of the plurality of recesses  566 . Each locking pin of the plurality of locking pins  552  is releasably attached to the first shaft  412  and is spring loaded such that it is biased toward the first shaft lengthwise axis. Each locking pin of the plurality of locking pins  552  is movable between a first configuration in which the locking pin is disposed within a passageway  560 ,  562  and is not disposed within a recess of the plurality of recesses  566  and a second configuration in which the locking pin is disposed within a passageway  560 ,  562  and is disposed within a recess of the plurality of recesses  566 . In the first configuration, the first shaft  412  can be moved relative to the handle. In the second configuration, the locking pin releasably attaches the first shaft  412  to the handle that defines the recess within which the locking pin is disposed. The inclusion of a plurality of recesses  566  and a plurality of locking pins  552  provide a mechanism to manipulate the position of a handle relative to a first shaft (e.g., along the first shaft length) such that an exercise apparatus can be customized to a desired lifting position. In alternative embodiments, a frame and/or handle can be movable relative to a second shaft and/or third shaft. For example, in an embodiment, set screws and locking pins can provide for about 6 inches of adjustability of the handle length. Alternative embodiments, however, can provide different handle lengths, such as a handle length that is adjustable between about 1 inch to about 12 inches, between about 3 inches and about 9 inches, between about 5 inches and 7 inches, and any other width considered suitable for a particular embodiment. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  410  has various lengths that can be adjusted according to a desired lifting position. For example, the exercise apparatus can have a total length that is adjustable between about 85.32 inches and about 96.31 inches, a length from the inside of the collar disposed on the second shaft to the inside of the collar disposed on the third shaft that is adjustable between about 52.32 inches and about 62.31 inches, a length from the outside of a first inner ring to the outside of a second inner ring that is adjustable between about 35.57 inches and about 46.57 inches, and a length from a first handle shaft to a second handle shaft that is adjustable between about 27.05 inches and about 38.03 inches. While particular lengths have been described, an exercise apparatus can have any suitable length and selection of a suitable length for an exercise apparatus can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus. 
       FIGS.  41  through  90    illustrate another example exercise apparatus  610 . The exercise apparatus  610  is similar to the exercise apparatus  10  illustrated in  FIGS.  1  through  32    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  610  has a first shaft  612 , a first frame  614 , a first handle  616 , a second frame  618 , a second handle  620 , a second shaft  622 , and a third shaft  624 , a plurality of set screws  750 , and a plurality of plugs  752 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, and as best shown in  FIGS.  42 ,  43 , and  44   , the first shaft  612  has a first shaft first end  630 , a first shaft second end  632 , a first shaft length  631  (e.g., 16.5 inches) that extends from the first shaft first end  630  to the first shaft second end  632 , a first shaft outside diameter (e.g., 2.0 inches), and a first shaft main body  634  that defines a first shaft first passageway  636 , a first shaft second passageway  754 , a first shaft third passageway  756 , a plurality of threads  758 , a first shaft fourth passageway  760 , and the first shaft fifth passageway  762 . The first shaft first passageway  636  extends from the first shaft first end  630  to the first shaft second end  632  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the first frame  614  and the second frame  618 . The first shaft passageway  636  has a first shaft passageway first inside diameter (e.g., 1.6 inches) that extends from the first shaft first end  630  to the first shaft second end  632 . Each of the first shaft second passageway  754  and the first shaft third passageway  756  extends through the first shaft main body  634 , provides access to the first shaft first passageway  636 , and is sized and configured to receive a set screw of the plurality of set screws  750 . Each of the first shaft second passageway  754  and the first shaft third passageway  756  is disposed from an end of the first shaft  612  a distance (e.g., 0.50 inches) and has an inside diameter (e.g., 0.50 inches). A thread of the plurality of threads  758  extends from the first shaft main body  734  into a passageway  754 ,  756  and is sized and configured (e.g., 1/2-13 type thread) to mate with a thread  768  defined by a set screw of the plurality of set screws  750 , as described in more detail herein. Each of the first shaft fourth passageway  760  and the first shaft fifth passageway  762  extends through the first shaft main body  634 , provides access to the first shaft passageway  636 , and is sized and configured to receive a plug of the plurality of plugs  752 . Each of the first shaft fourth passageway  760  and the first shaft fifth passageway  762  is disposed from an end of the first shaft  612  a distance (e.g., 1.50 inches) and has an inside diameter (e.g., 0.53 inches). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, each of the first frame  614  and the second frame  618  is releasably attached to the first shaft  612 . The first frame  614  is attached to the first shaft first end  630  and the second frame  618  is attached to the first shaft second end  632 . 
     As best shown in  FIGS.  45  through  77   , each of the first frame  614  and the second frame  618  includes a first inner ring  642 , a second inner ring  644 , a plurality of tabs  766 , a plurality of shafts  768 , a first plurality of a plurality of wheels  770 , a plurality of roller pins  772 , a second plurality of wheels  774 , a third inner ring  646 , a fourth inner ring  647 , an outer ring  648  attached to each of the first inner ring  642  and the second inner ring  644  such that each of the inner rings  642 ,  644  can move relative to the outer ring  648 , a first cover  633 , a second cover  635 , a first elongate member  650 , and defines a passageway  656 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, and as best shown in  FIGS.  54 ,  55 ,  56 ,  57 , and  58   , each of the first inner ring  642  and the second inner ring  644  is a ring member that has an inner ring first surface  658 , an inner ring second surface  660 , an inner ring inner surface  662 , an inner ring outer surface  664 , an inner ring outside diameter  657  (e.g., 8.5 inches), an inner ring inside diameter  659  (e.g., 6.5 inches), an inner ring thickness  661  (e.g., 0.25 inches), and an inner ring main body  666  that defines a plurality of notches  776 , a first plurality of passageways  778 , and a second plurality of passageways  780 . Each notch of the plurality of notches  776  extends from the inner ring outer surface  664  toward the inner ring inner surface  662  and has depth  767  (e.g., 0.21 inches) and a length  769  (e.g., 0.33 inches). A first set of notches of the plurality of notches  776  is offset by a first angle  771  (e.g., 60 degrees) and a second set of notches of the plurality of notches  776  is offset by a second angle  773  (e.g., 120 degrees). Each passageway of the first plurality of passageways  778  extends through the inner ring main body  666  from the inner ring first surface  658  to the inner ring second surface  660 . Each passageway of the first plurality of passageways  778  is disposed a distance  775  (e.g., 0.38 inches) from a notch  776 , has a length  777  (e.g., 0.33 inches), and a width  779  (e.g., 0.21 inches). A first set of passageways of the first plurality of passageways  778  is offset by a first angle  781  (e.g., 60 degrees) and a second set of passageways of the first plurality of passageways  778  is offset by a second angle  783  (e.g., 120 degrees). Each passageway of the second plurality of passageways  780  extends through the inner ring main body  666  from the inner ring first surface  658  to the inner ring second surface  660 . Each passageway of the second plurality of passageways  780  is disposed a distance  785  (e.g., 0.16 inches) from the inner ring outer surface  664  and has an inside diameter  787  (e.g., 0.33 inches). Each passageway of the second plurality of passageways  780  is offset from an adjacent passageway of the second plurality of passageways by an angle  789  (e.g., 60 degrees) and an adjacent passageway of the first plurality of passageways by an angle  791  (e.g., 30 degrees). 
     As best shown in  FIGS.  59 ,  60 , and  61    each tab of the plurality of tabs  766  has a first end  782 , a second end  784 , a height  793  (e.g., 0.94 inches), a width  795  (e.g., 0.63 inches), a thickness  797  (0.19 inches), and a main body  786  that defines a projection  788  and a passageway  790 . The first end  782  has a radius of curvature  799  (e.g., 0.32 inches). The projection  788  extends from the second end  784  a distance  653  (e.g., 0.13 inches), is offset from a side of the tab a distance  663  (e.g., 0.16 inches), and has a width  655  (e.g., 0.31 inches). The passageway  790  extends through the main body  786 , has an inside diameter  807  (e.g., 0.33 inches), is offset from a side of the tab a distance (e.g., 0.32 inches), and is offset from the second end a distance  665  (e.g., 0.5 inches). A tab in a first set of tabs of the plurality of tabs  766  is attached (e.g., welded) to an inner ring  642 ,  644  within the notches of the plurality of notches  776  and a tab in a second set of tabs of the plurality of tabs  766  is attached (e.g., welded) to an inner ring  642 ,  644  within the passageway of the first plurality of passageways  778 . 
     As best shown in  FIGS.  62 ,  63 , and  64   , each shaft of the plurality of shafts  768  has a first end  792 , a second end  794 , a length  667  (e.g., 0.75 inches), and an outside diameter  669  (e.g., 0.28 inches). The first end  792  is attached (e.g., welded) within a passageway of a tab in the first set of tabs of the plurality of tabs  766  attached to an inner ring  642 ,  644  within the notches of the plurality of notches  776  and the second end  794  is attached (e.g., welded) within a passageway of a tab in the second set of tabs of the plurality of tabs  766  attached to an inner ring  642 ,  644  within the passageways of the first plurality of passageways  778 . 
     As best shown in  FIG.  51   , a wheel in the first plurality of wheels  770  is rotatably disposed on each shaft of the plurality of shafts  768 . Each wheel in the first plurality of wheels  770  has a main body  798  that defines a passageway  637 , an outside diameter  645 , and an inside diameter  649 . The outside diameter is greater than the radius of curvature  799  (e.g., 0.32 inches) of the first end  782  of each tab of the plurality of tabs  766 . The inside diameter  649  is sized and configured to receive a portion of a shaft of the plurality of shafts  768  and is less than the radius of curvature  799  (e.g., 0.32 inches) of the first end  782  of each tab of the plurality of tabs  766 . 
     As best shown in  FIGS.  51 ,  52 ,  65 ,  66 , and  67   , a roller pin of the plurality of roller pins  772  is attached (e.g., welded) within each passageway of the second plurality of passageways  780 . Each roller pin of the plurality of roller pins  772  has a main body  671  that defines a first portion  677  and a second portion  679 . The first portion  677  has a length  673  (e.g., 0.13 inches) and an outside diameter  681  (e.g., 0.40 inches). The second portion  679  has a length  675  (e.g., 0.63 inches) and an outside diameter  691  (e.g., 0.28 inches) and is partially disposed within a passageway of the second plurality of passageways  780 . 
     As best shown in  FIG.  51   , a wheel in the second plurality of a plurality of wheels  774  is rotatably disposed on each roller pin of the plurality of roller pins  772 . Each wheel in the second plurality wheels  774  has a main body  639  that defines a passageway  641 , an outside diameter  643  (e.g., 0.65 inches), and an inside diameter  651 . The outside diameter  643  is sized and configured such that each wheel in the second plurality of wheels  774  can contact the inner surface  700  of the outer ring  648 . The inside diameter  651  is sized and configured to receive a portion of the second portion  679  of a roller pin of the plurality of roller pins  772  and is less than the outside diameter  681  of the first portion  677  of a roller pin of the plurality of roller pins  772 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  45   , the third inner ring  646  is attached (e.g., welded) to the first inner ring  642  and the fourth inner ring  647  is attached (e.g., welded) to the second inner ring  644 . As best shown in  FIGS.  68 ,  69 , and  70   , each of the third inner ring  646  and the fourth inner ring  647  has a first surface  682 , a second surface  684 , an inner surface  686 , an outer surface  688 , an outside diameter  683  (e.g., 6.5 inches), an inside diameter  685  (e.g., 6 inches), a thickness  687  (e.g., 0.25 inches), a length  689  (e.g., 1.25 inches), and a main body  690  that defines a passageway  693 , a first notch  692 , and a second notch  694 . Each of the first notch  692  and the second notch  694  extends from the first surface  682  toward the second surface  684 , is sized and configured to receive a portion of a handle  616 ,  620 , and has a depth  837  (e.g., 0.4 inches) and a length  839  (e.g., 1.10 inches). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, as shown best in  FIGS.  71 ,  72 ,  73 , and  74   , the outer ring  648  has an outer ring first surface  696 , an outer ring second surface  698 , an outer ring inner surface  700 , an outer ring outer surface  702 , an outer ring outside diameter  697  (e.g., 9.5 inches), an outer ring inside diameter  699  (e.g., 8.75 inches), an outer ring thickness  701 , and an outer ring main body  704  that defines an outer ring passageway  706 , a first plurality of recesses  707 , and a second plurality of recesses  709 . The outer ring passageway  706  extends from the outer ring first surface  696  to the outer ring second surface  698  (e.g., 2.75 inches) and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the first inner ring  642 , the second inner ring  644 , the third inner ring  646 , and the fourth inner ring  647 . Each recess of the first plurality of recesses  707  extends from the first surface  696  toward the second surface  698  and is sized and configured to receive a fastener to fasten the first cover  633  to the outer ring  648 . Each recess of the second plurality of recesses  709  extends from the second surface  698  toward the first surface  696  and is sized and configured to receive a fastener to fasten the second cover  635  to the outer ring  648 . Each recess in the first plurality of recesses  707  and in the second plurality of recesses  709  is offset from an adjacent recess by an angle (e.g., 45 degrees) and can have any suitable structural configuration (e.g., 1/4-20 type thread with a 1.0 inch depth). When a frame is assembled, each of the first inner ring  642  and the second inner ring  644  is moveable relative to the outer ring  648 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  75 ,  76 , and  77   , each of the first cover  633  and the second cover  635  has a first surface  703 , a second surface  727 , an inner surface  729 , an outer surface  705 , an outside diameter  723  (e.g., 9.5 inches), an inside diameter  695  (e.g., 6 inches), a thickness  725  (e.g., 0.25 inches), and a main body  721  that defines a main passageway  731  and a plurality of passageways  733 . The main passageway  731  extends from the first surface  703  to the second surface  727 . Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  733  extends through the main body  721  from the first surface  703  to the second surface  727  and is sized and configured to receive a fastener to fasten the cover  633 ,  635  to the outer ring  648 . Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  733  is offset from an adjacent recess by an angle (e.g., 45 degrees) and can have any suitable structural configuration (e.g., 0.31 inch inside diameter). When assembled, as shown in  FIG.  41   , the first cover  633  is attached to the outer ring first surface  696  and the second cover  635  is attached to the outer ring second surface  698 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  41   , the first elongate member  650  is attached to the outer ring  648  (e.g., welded). As shown in  FIGS.  78 ,  79 , and  80   , the first elongate member  650  has a first elongate member lengthwise axis  707 , a first elongate member first end  708  attached to the outer ring  648 , a first elongate member second end  710 , a first elongate member length  709  (e.g., 8.5 inches) that extends from the first elongate member first end  708  to the first elongate member second end  710 , a first elongate member outside diameter  711  (e.g., 1.5 inches), and a main body  712  that defines a first elongate member groove  764 . The first elongate member groove  764  extends into the first elongate member main body  712 , is disposed between the elongate member first end  708  and the elongate member second end  710 , and is sized and configured to receive a portion of a set screw of the plurality of set screws  750  and a portion of a plug  752 . The first elongate member groove  764  has a depth  713  (e.g., 0.25 inches), a length  715  (e.g., 6.43 inches), is disposed from an end  708 ,  710  a distance  717  (e.g., between about 0.80 inches and about 1.2 inches), and has a width  719  (e.g., 0.61 inches). The first elongate member  650  is sized and configured to be received by the first shaft first passageway  636 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  41  and  45   , the first handle  616  is attached to the third inner ring  646  and the fourth inner ring  647  within notches  692 ,  694  and extends across the passageway  656  and the second handle  620  is attached to the third inner ring  646  and the fourth inner ring  647  within notches  692 ,  694  and extends across the passageway  656 . As shown in  FIGS.  81 ,  82 ,  83   , and  84 , each of the first handle  616  and the second handle  620  has a handle shaft  728 . The handle shaft  728  has a lengthwise axis  741 , a first end  742 , a second end  744 , a length  743  that extends from the first end  742  to the second end  744  (e.g., 6.5 inches), a first outside diameter  735  (e.g., 1.25 inches), first and second tapered portions  747  that have lengths  737  (e.g., 0.25 inches), a central portion  749  (e.g., knurled) that has a length  751  (e.g., 4.5 inches), a second outside diameter  753  (e.g., 1 inch) that is less than the first outside diameter  735 , and a width  745  (e.g., 0.75 inches) along each of the ends  742 ,  744  that extends along a portion  739  (e.g., 0.63 inches) of the length  751  and is sized and configured to be disposed within the notches  692 ,  692  defined by the inner rings  646 ,  647 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, and as shown in  FIG.  41   , the second shaft  622  is fixedly attached to the first frame  614  (e.g., outer ring  648 ) such that the second shaft  622  cannot be separated from the first frame  614  without damaging the material that forms the second shaft  622  and the third shaft  624  is fixedly attached to the second frame  618  (e.g., outer ring  648 ) such that the third shaft  624  cannot be separated from the second frame  618  without damaging the material that forms the third shaft  624 . In the illustrated embodiment, as shown in  FIGS.  85 ,  86 , and  87   , each of the second shaft  622  and the third shaft  624  has a first end  755 , which is attached to an outer ring  648 , a second end  759 , a length  761  (e.g., 25 inches) that extends from the first end  755  to the second end  759 , a first outside diameter  763  (e.g., 1.96 inches), a second outside diameter  765  (e.g., 2.5 inches), a third outside diameter  801  (e.g., 1.5 inches), and a main body  956  that defines a passageway  757 . The passageway  757  extends from the second end  759  toward the first end  755 . The passageway  757  has an inside diameter  961  (e.g., 1.62 inches) and a length  963  (e.g., 12 inches). The first outside diameter  763  extends from the second end  759  toward the first end  755  a distance (e.g., 15.4 inches). The second outside diameter  765  (e.g., which forms a collar) extends from a portion of the main body  956  that has the first outside diameter  763  to a portion of the main body  956  that has the third outside diameter  801  a distance (e.g., 1.62 inches). The third outside diameter  801  extends from the first end  755  toward the second end  759  a distance (e.g., 7.98 inches). 
     Each set screw of the plurality of set screws  750  (e.g., 0.50 inch set screw) is sized and configured to be received by a passageway  754 ,  756  defined by the first shaft main body  634  and a first elongate member groove  764 . Each set screw of the plurality of set screws  750  defines a thread  768  that is sized and configured to mate with a thread of the plurality of threads  758  defined by the first shaft main body  634 . Each set screw of the plurality of set screws  750  is movable between a first configuration in which the set screw is disposed within a passageway  754 ,  756  and is not disposed within a first elongate member groove  764  and a second configuration in which the set screw is disposed within a passageway  754 ,  756  and is disposed within a first elongate member groove  764 . In the first configuration, the first shaft  612  is free of attachment to a frame and can be moved relative to the frame, or removed from the frame. In the second configuration, the set screw releasably attaches the first shaft  612  to a frame that defines the groove within which the set screw is disposed. The inclusion of a first elongate member groove  764  and a plurality of set screws  750  provide a mechanism to manipulate the position of a frame relative to a first shaft such that an exercise apparatus can be customized to a desired lifting position and maintain the alignment and/or attachment between a first shaft and a handle. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  88 ,  89 , and  90   , each plug of the plurality of plugs  752  is sized and configured to be received by a passageway  760 ,  762  defined by the first shaft main body  634 . Each plug of the plurality of plugs  752  has an outside diameter  921  (e.g., 0.5 inches), a thickness  923  (e.g., 0.25 inches), and is attached (e.g., welded) to the first shaft  612  within a passageway  760 ,  762 . Each plug of the plurality of plugs  752  has a thickness  923  that is greater than the thickness of the first shaft  612  such that each plug is partially disposed within a first elongate member groove  764  when the device is assembled to prevent a handle from becoming free from the first shaft  612  during use. 
     To assemble the exercise apparatus, a first elongate member  650  attached to the first frame  614  is positioned within the first shaft first passageway  636  and attached to the first shaft  612  using a set screw  750  and a plug  752  and a first elongate member  650  attached to the second frame  618  is positioned within the first shaft first passageway  636  and attached to the first shaft  612  using a set screw  750  and a plug  752 . Each of the plugs  752  is positioned within a passageway  760 ,  762  and attached to the first shaft  612  such that each of the first frame  614  and second frame  618  is moveably attached to the first shaft  612 . Each of the set screws  750  can be moved between its first and second configurations to adjust the position of a first frame  614  and/or second frame  618  relative to the first shaft  612 . In use, each of the handles  616 ,  620 , the first inner ring  642 , the second inner ring  644 , the third inner ring  646 , and the fourth inner ring  647  is moveable relative to the outer ring  648  such that rotation of the handles can be achieved to relieve excessive stresses on the shoulders and surrounding soft tissues. During movement of the various features of the exercise apparatus  610 , the first plurality of a plurality of wheels  770  contact a cover  633 ,  635  and prevent movement of a handle  626 ,  620  on an axis that extends through the passageway  656  defined by a frame  614 ,  618  and the second plurality of wheels  774  contact an outer ring inner surface  700  resulting in rotational movement of a handle  626 ,  620 . In alternative embodiments, the set screws of an exercise apparatus can be left in the first configuration such that a first frame and/or a second frame can be moved dynamically relative to a first shaft during use. In these alternative embodiments, optional components can be included to assist with such dynamic movement (e.g., bearing along length of interface between a first shaft and a frame). 
       FIGS.  91  through  99    illustrate another example exercise apparatus  810 . The exercise apparatus  810  is similar to the exercise apparatus  10  illustrated in  FIGS.  1  through  32    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  810  has a first shaft  812 , a first frame  814 , a first handle  816 , and a second shaft  822 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the first frame  814  is fixedly attached to the first shaft  812  and the second shaft  822 . The first frame  814  includes an outer ring  842 , a bearing  844 , a retaining ring  846 , a first cover  848 , a second cover  850 , and a plurality of fasteners  851 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the outer ring  842  has an outer ring first surface  852 , an outer ring second surface  854 , an outer ring first inner surface  856 , an outer ring second inner surface  858 , an outer ring outer surface  860 , an outer ring first inside diameter  857 , an outer ring second inside diameter  859 , an outer ring outside diameter  861 , and an outer ring main body  862  that defines an outer ring shoulder  864  and an outer ring recess  866 . The outer ring first inside diameter  857  is less than the outer ring second inside diameter  859 . The outer ring shoulder  864  is disposed at the transition between the outer ring first inside diameter  857  and the outer ring second inside diameter  859 . The outer ring recess  866  extends into the outer ring main body  862  from the outer ring second inner surface  858  and is sized and configured to receive a portion of the retaining ring  846 . A length of the outer ring second inner surface  858  extends from the outer ring recess  866  to the outer ring shoulder  864  and is equal to about the thickness of the bearing  844  such that the bearing  844  can be disposed between the outer ring shoulder  864  and the retaining ring  846 . While the outer ring  842  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, an outer ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for an outer ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the outer ring is included. 
     The bearing  844  is disposed between the outer ring shoulder  864  and the retaining ring  846  such that it contacts the outer ring shoulder  864  and retaining ring  846 . The bearing  844  has a bearing first surface  868 , a bearing second surface  870 , a bearing inner surface  872 , a bearing outer surface  874 , a bearing inside diameter  873 , and a bearing outside diameter  875 . The bearing inside diameter  873  is less than the outer ring first inside diameter  857 . The bearing outside diameter  875  is greater than the outer ring first inside diameter  857  and less than the outer ring second inside diameter  859  such that the bearing can be positioned within the outer ring  842 . The bearing first surface  868  contacts the outer ring shoulder  864  and the bearing second surface  870  contacts the retaining ring  846 . Any suitable bearing can be included in a frame of an exercise apparatus and selection of a suitable bearing can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the bearing is a component. Examples of bearings considered suitable to include in a frame of an exercise apparatus include plain bearings, ball bearings, deep groove ball bearings, roller bearings, and any other bearing considered suitable for a particular embodiment. While the bearing  844  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a bearing of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a bearing can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the bearing is included. 
     The retaining ring  846  has a thickness and a main body  876  that defines a partial cylinder. The retaining ring  846  is moveable between a first, collapsed configuration and a second, expanded configuration. The retaining ring  846  is biased to the second, expanded configuration. In the first, collapsed configuration the retaining ring  846  has an outside diameter that is less than the outer ring second inside diameter  859  such that the retaining ring can be positioned adjacent the outer ring recess  866 . In the second, expanded configuration the retaining ring has a second outside diameter that is greater than the outer ring second inside diameter  859  and less than the bearing outside diameter  875  such that the retaining ring  846  can be releasably disposed within the outer ring recess  866  and contact the bearing  844 . While the retaining ring  846  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a retaining ring of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a retaining ring can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the retaining ring is included. 
     The first cover  848  has a first cover first surface  878 , a first cover second surface  880 , a first cover inner surface  882 , a first cover outer surface  884 , a first cover inside diameter  883 , a first cover outside diameter  885 , and a first cover main body  886  that defines a plurality of passageways  888 . The first cover inside diameter  883  is less than the bearing inside diameter  873  and is equal to about the second cover inside diameter  895 , as described below. The first cover outside diameter  885  is equal to about the outer ring first inside diameter  857 . Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  888  is sized and configured to receive a portion of a fastener of the plurality of fasteners  851  and extends through the thickness of the first cover  848  from the first cover first surface  878  to the first cover second surface  880 . While the first cover  848  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a first cover of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a first cover can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the first cover is included. 
     The second cover  850  has a second cover first surface  892 , a second cover second surface  894 , a second cover inner surface  896 , a second cover first outer surface  898 , a second cover second outer surface  900 , a second cover inside diameter  895 , a second cover first outside diameter  897 , a second cover second outside diameter  899 , and a second cover main body  902  that defines a projection  904  and a plurality of passageways  906 . The first handle  816  is fixedly attached to the second cover  850  and extends across the second cover inside diameter  895 . The second cover inside diameter  895  is less than the bearing inside diameter  873 . The second cover first outside diameter  897  is equal to about the outer ring second inside diameter  859 . The second cover second outside diameter  899  is less than the a bearing inside diameter  873 . The projection  904  extends from second cover second surface  894  and defines a shoulder  908  with the second surface  894  that contacts and interfaces with the retaining ring  846  to secure the retaining ring  846  and bearing  844  within the first frame  814 . Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  906  is sized and configured to receive a portion of a fastener of the plurality of fasteners  851  and extends into the projection  904 . When assembled, each passageway of the plurality of passageways  906  is aligned (e.g., coaxial with) a passageway of the plurality of passageways  888 . While the second cover  850  has been illustrated as having a particular structural arrangement and as having various dimensions, a second cover of an exercise apparatus can have any suitable structural arrangement and dimensions. Selection of suitable structural arrangement and dimensions for a second cover can be based on various considerations, including the intended use of the exercise apparatus of which the second cover is included. 
     Each fastener of the plurality of fasteners  851  is sized and configured to be partially disposed through a portion of a passageway of the plurality of passageways  888  and a passageway of the plurality of passageways  906  to releasably attached the first and second covers  848 ,  850  to the first frame. Any suitable fastener can be used in an exercise apparatus and selection of a suitable fastener can be based on various considerations, including the materials that form a cover. Examples of suitable fasteners that can be used in an exercise apparatus include threaded fasteners, screws, bolts, and any other fastener considered suitable for a particular embodiment. 
     To assemble the exercise apparatus  810 , the bearing  844  is positioned within the outer ring  842  such that the bearing first surface  868  contacts the outer ring shoulder  864 . Subsequently, the retaining ring  846  is positioned within the outer ring recess  866  to releasably position the retaining ring  846  within the recess  866  and releasably position the bearing  844  within the first frame  814 . The second cover  850  is then positioned through the passageway defined by the bearing  844  and the first cover  848  is releasably attached to the second cover  850  using the plurality of fasteners  851 . 
       FIG.  100    illustrates another example exercise apparatus  1010 . The exercise apparatus  1010  is similar to the exercise apparatus  810  illustrated in  FIGS.  91  through  99    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  1010  has a frame  1014 , a handle  1016 , and an attachment member  1018 . The frame  1014  and handle  1016  are similar to the first frame  814  and first handle  816  described above, except as described below. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the frame  1014  is attached (e.g., releasably, fixedly) to the attachment member  1018 , which is adapted to be releasably attached to another device (e.g., a dip rack handle). The attachment member  1018  has a first elongate member  1020 , a guide member  1022  moveably attached to the first elongate member  1020 , and a second elongate member  1024 . The first elongate member  1018  has a first end  1026 , a second end  1028 , and a main body  1030  that defines a passageway  1032  and a plurality of passageways  1034 . The passageway  1032  extends from the first end  1026  to the second end  1028 . Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  1034  extends through the main body  1030  and provides access to the passageway  1032 . Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  1034  is sized and configured to receive a portion of a locking pin  1050 , as described below. 
     The guide  1022  is moveably attached to the first elongate member  1022  and has a first end  1036 , a second end  1038 , and a main body  1040  that defines a first projection  1042 , a second projection  1044 , an elongate member  1046  attached to each of the first projection  1042  and the second projection  1044 , and a passageway  1048  on each projection  1042 ,  1044 . Each of the first projection  1042  and the second projection  1044  is a ring member that is adapted to receive the first elongate member  1020  and slide across the length of the first elongate member  1020 . A locking pin  1050  is disposed within each passageway  1048  and is spring loaded such that it is biased toward the lengthwise axis of the first elongate member  1020  and can be disposed within a passageway of the plurality of passageways  1034  to provide releasable attachment between the guide  1022  and the first elongate member  1020 . Each locking pin of the plurality of locking pins  1050  is movable between a first configuration in which the locking pin is disposed within a passageway  1048  and is not disposed within a passageway  1034  and a second configuration in which the locking pin is disposed within a passageway  1048  and is disposed within a passageway  1034 . In the first configuration, the guide  1022  can be moved relative to the first elongate member  1020 . In the second configuration, the locking pin releasably attaches the guide  1022  to the first elongate member  1020 . The inclusion of a passageways  1034 ,  1048  and locking pins  1050  provide a mechanism to manipulate the position of a handle relative to the guide  1022  such that an exercise apparatus can be customized to a desired position. 
     The second elongate member  1024  has a first end  1052  attached to the guide  1022 , a second end  1054 , and a main body  1056  that defines a passageway  1058  that extends from the first end  1052  to the second end  1054 . The passageway  1058  is adapted to receive a portion of a second exercise apparatus (e.g., the handle of a dip rack) to provide a user with the ability to include a rotatable handle when using the second exercise apparatus. 
       FIG.  101    illustrates another example exercise apparatus  1110 . The exercise apparatus  1110  is similar to the exercise apparatus  1010  illustrated in  FIG.  100    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  1110  has a frame  1114 , a handle  1116 , and an attachment member  1118 . In the illustrated embodiment, the main body  1156  of the second elongate member  1124  defines a plurality of passageways  1160 . In addition, the attachment member  1118  includes a third elongate member  1162  that extends from the second elongate member  1124  at an angle  1123  between about 15 degrees and about 75 degrees. The third elongate member  1162  is moveably attached to the second elongate member  1124  and has a first end  1164 , a second end  1166 , and a main body  1168  that defines a first passageway  1170 , a second passageway  1172 , and a third passageway  1174 . The first end  1164  is a ring member that is adapted to receive the second elongate member  1124  and slide across the length of the second elongate member  1124 . A locking pin  1176  is disposed within the second passageway  1172  and is spring loaded such that it is biased toward the lengthwise axis of the second elongate member  1124  and can be disposed within a passageway of the plurality of passageways  1160  to provide releasable attachment between the third elongate member  1162  and the second elongate member  1124 . The locking pin  1176  is movable between a first configuration in which the locking pin is disposed within the second passageway  1172  and is not disposed within a passageway  1160  and a second configuration in which the locking pin  1176  is disposed within the second passageway  1172  and is disposed within a passageway  1160 . In the first configuration, the third elongate member  1162  can be moved relative to the second elongate member  1124 . In the second configuration, the locking pin  1176  releasably attaches the third elongate member  1162  to the second elongate member  1124 . The inclusion of a passageways  1160 ,  1172  and locking pin  1176  provide a mechanism to manipulate the position of a handle relative to a third elongate member  1124  such that an exercise apparatus can be customized to a desired position. The second end  1166  of the third elongate member  1162  is adapted to releasably attach the third elongate member  1162  to a support of a second exercise apparatus (e.g., a vertical post of a dip rack adjacent a handle of the dip rack, a horizontal post of a dip rack adjacent a handle of the dip rack) to provide additional support of the exercise apparatus  1110  during use. A second end of a third elongate member can include any suitable structure to achieve releasable attachment to a support, such as a clamp, a clip, or any other structure considered suitable for a particular embodiment. 
       FIGS.  102  and  103    illustrate another example exercise apparatus  1210 . The exercise apparatus  1210  is similar to the exercise apparatus  1010  illustrated in  FIG.  100    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  1210  has a frame  1214 , a handle  1216 , and an attachment member  1218 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the frame  1214  is attached (e.g., releasably, fixedly) to the attachment member  1218 , which is adapted to be releasably attached to another device (e.g., a bench press handle). The attachment member  1218  has a first elongate member  1220 , a second elongate member  1222 , and a third elongate member  1224 . Each of the first elongate member  1220  and the second elongate member  1222  is fixedly attached to the frame  1214  and has a main body  1226  that defines a ring  1228  through which the third elongate member is disposed  1224  and a passageway  1230  through which a locking pin  1232  is disposed. 
     The third elongate member  1224  has a first end  1234 , a second end  1236 , and a main body  1238  that defines a passageway  1240  and a plurality of passageways  1242 . The passageway  1240  extends from the first end  1234  to the second end  1236  and is adapted to receive the handle of a second exercise apparatus (e.g., handle of bench press machine). Each passageway of the plurality of passageways  1242  extends through the main body  1238  and provides access to the passageway  1240 . Each locking pin  1232  is disposed within the passageway  1230  and is spring loaded such that it is biased toward the lengthwise axis of the third elongate member  1224  and can be disposed within a passageway of the plurality of passageways  1242  to provide releasable attachment between the first and second elongate members  1220 ,  1222  and the third elongate member  1224 . Each locking pin  1232  is movable between a first configuration in which the locking pin is disposed within the passageway  1230  and is not disposed within a passageway  1242  and a second configuration in which the locking pin  1232  is disposed within the passageway  1230  and is disposed within a passageway  1242 . In the first configuration, each of the first and second elongate members  1220 ,  1222  can be moved relative to the third elongate member  1224 . In the second configuration, a first locking pin  1232  releasably attaches the first elongate member  1220  to the third elongate member  1224  and a second locking pin  1232  releasably attaches the second elongate member  1220  to the third elongate member  1224 . The inclusion of a passageways  1230 ,  1242  and locking pins  1232  provide a mechanism to manipulate the position of a handle relative to a third elongate member  1224  such that an exercise apparatus can be customized to a desired position. 
       FIG.  104    illustrates another example exercise apparatus  1310 . The exercise apparatus  1310  is similar to the exercise apparatus  1210  illustrated in  FIGS.  102  and  103    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  1310  has a frame  1314 , a handle  1316 , and an attachment member  1318 . In the illustrated embodiment, the attachment member  1318  includes a fourth elongate member  1344  that extends from the third elongate member  1324  at an angle  1323  between about 15 degrees and about 75 degrees. The fourth elongate member  1344  has a first end  1346  attached to the third elongate member  1324 , a second end  1348 , and a main body  1350  that defines a passageway  1352 . The second end  1348  is adapted to releasably attach the fourth elongate member  1344  to a support of a second exercise apparatus (e.g., a vertical post of a bench press machine adjacent a handle of the bench press machine, a horizontal post of a bench press machine adjacent a handle of the bench press machine) to provide additional support of the exercise apparatus  1310  during use. A second end of a fourth elongate member can include any suitable structure to achieve releasable attachment to a support, such as a clamp, a clip, or any other structure considered suitable for a particular embodiment. Optionally, an elongate member (e.g., fourth elongate member) can be pivotable relative to the component to which it is attached (e.g., third elongate member). 
       FIG.  105    illustrates another example exercise apparatus  1410 . The exercise apparatus  1410  is similar to the exercise apparatus  1210  illustrated in  FIGS.  102  and  103    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  1410  has a frame  1414 , a handle  1416 , and an attachment member  1418 . In the illustrated embodiment, the attachment member  1418  is attached to the frame  1414  and comprises is a bracket  1420  that defines a passageway  1422  adapted to receive a portion of a second exercise apparatus (e.g., a hook, or clip, of a weight lifting apparatus). 
       FIG.  106    illustrates another example exercise apparatus  1510 . The exercise apparatus  1510  is similar to the exercise apparatus  1210  illustrated in  FIGS.  102  and  103    and described above, except as detailed below. In the illustrated embodiment, the exercise apparatus  1510  has a frame  1514 , a handle  1516 , and includes a first shaft  1518  and a second shaft  1520  attached to the frame  1514 . Each of the first shaft  1518  and the second shaft  1520  is adapted to receive one or more free weights and/or a clamp to releasably attached the one or more free weights to the shaft. The structural arrangement of the exercise apparatus  1510  allows a user to utilize the exercise apparatus to perform various weight lifting activities, such as curls and any other activity considered suitable. 
     While some of the embodiments illustrated herein relate to various configurations for bench press bars, an exercise apparatus can form any suitable structure. Selection of a suitable structure to incorporate an exercise apparatus, as described herein, can be based on various considerations, including the exercise intended to be accomplished. Examples of suitable structures to incorporate an exercise apparatus, such as those described herein, include barbells (e.g., exercise apparatus  1510 , an exercise apparatus can include a first frame and a first handle, the first frame can include first and second elongate members that can be sized and configured to receive one or more free weights or can include weights that are integral components of the first and second elongate members), handles for exercise machines (e.g., exercise apparatus  1010 , exercise apparatus  1110 , exercise apparatus  1210 , exercise apparatus  1310 , exercise apparatus  1410 , an exercise apparatus can include a first frame and a first handle, the first frame can omit the inclusion of first and second elongate members and include an eyelet attached to an outer ring such that the first frame can be releasably attached to a separate component (e.g., wired lift machine)), grips for exercise machines, and any other structure considered suitable for a particular embodiment. For example, a frame and a handle (e.g., first frame, second frame, first handle, second handle), such as those described herein, can be claimed without any other component and/or can omit any of the components associated with a frame and/or handle. 
     Those with ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various modifications and alternatives for the described and illustrated embodiments can be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.