Patent Publication Number: US-11644797-B2

Title: Inertia mobile component for horological resonator with magnetic interaction device insensitive to the external magnetic field

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to European Patent Application No. 19182712.0, filed on Jun. 26, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to an inertia mobile component for a horological resonator, arranged so as to oscillate about an axis of oscillation and comprising at least one magnetic area, which magnetic area comprises at least one magnet or at least one magnetised ferromagnetic area. 
     The invention further relates to a horological resonator comprising at least one such inertia mobile component, and comprising return means for maintaining the oscillation of the at least one inertia mobile component. 
     The invention further relates to a horological movement comprising powering and/or energy storage means arranged so as to power at least one such resonator, comprised in the movement, and an escapement mechanism comprising at least one escape wheel set arranged so as to engage, with interaction, with the at least one inertia mobile component of the resonator. 
     The invention further relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising at least one such movement. 
     The invention further relates to a method for reducing the sensitivity, to an external magnetic field, of a horological resonator comprising internal magnetic interaction means between at least one inertia mobile component of said resonator, mounted such that it pivots about an axis of oscillation and comprising magnetic elements, and an escape wheel set or a structural element that is magnetised and/or ferromagnetic, comprised in said resonator. 
     The invention relates to the field of horological mechanisms, and more specifically horological resonators, of the magnetic type, or at least one part of the running thereof is based on magnetic attraction and/or repulsion, and in particular comprising magnets. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Certain mechanical resonators used in horology bear magnets. 
     Examples include the Clifford-type mechanisms, known from the documents FR1113932, FR2132162 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,946,183, or the direct synchronisation resonators of the SWATCH GROUP, known from the documents EP2887156 and EP3316046. In these oscillators, the use of magnets on the resonator allows for direct synchronisation, without frictional contact, between the resonator and the escape wheel. The absence of any pallet-lever between the escape wheel and the resonator, in addition to the absence of frictional contact, procure the advantage of high efficiency. 
     However, the magnets carried by the balance can be affected by the presence of external magnetic fields. The perturbation resulting therefrom, although low, can result in a variation of daily rate. 
     The document EP3273309A1 filed by Montres Breguet discloses a horological oscillator comprising a sprung balance assembly comprising a balance with a felloe, which is returned by a balance spring, pivoted with respect to a structure, on a first side by a torsion wire, fixed by an anchoring element to the structure, and on a second side, opposite to the first side, by a contactless magnetic pivot, the balance comprising a first pole embedded with the balance and the torsion wire, this first pole having a symmetry with respect to the axis of the sprung balance assembly, and cooperating with a second pole comprised in the structure, for the magnetic suspension of the first pole, and to exert on the distal end of the torsion wire, opposite to this anchoring element, a magnetic force for tensioning the torsion wire. 
     Document EP2891930A2 filed by The Swatch Group Research &amp; Development Ltd discloses a device for regulating the relative angular speed between a magnetic structure and a resonator magnetically coupled to each other and forming an oscillator which defines a magnetic escapement. The magnetic structure includes at least one annular path formed of a magnetic material of which one physical parameter is correlated to the magnetic potential energy of the oscillator, the magnetic material being arranged along the annular path so that this physical parameter varies angularly in a periodic manner. The annular path includes, in each angular period, an area of accumulation of magnetic potential energy in the oscillator, radially adjacent to an impulse area. The magnetic material, in each accumulation area, is arranged so that the physical parameter of this magnetic material gradually increases angularly or gradually decreases angularly. 
     Document EP3907A1 filed by ETA Manufacture Horlogére Suisse discloses a mechanical horological movement comprising a resonator, an escapement linked to the resonator and a display of at least one piece of temporal information. The display is driven by a mechanical drive device via a counter gear train, the working rate thereof is set by the escapement. At least the resonator is housed in a chamber which is subjected to a pressure that is below atmospheric pressure. The escapement is a magnetic escapement comprising an escape wheel directly or indirectly coupled to the resonator via a contactless magnetic coupling system, wherein the magnetic coupling system is formed such that a non-magnetic wall of the chamber passes through the magnetic escapement such that a first part of the escapement is located inside the chamber whereas a second part of the escapement is located outside the chamber. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The purpose of the present invention is to make such resonators insensitive to external magnetic fields. 
     For this purpose, the invention relates to a resonator inertia mobile component according to claim  1 . 
     The invention further relates to a resonator comprising such an inertia mobile component. 
     The invention further relates to a movement comprising such a resonator. 
     The invention further relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a movement. 
     The invention further relates to a method for reducing the sensitivity, to an external magnetic field, of a horological resonator comprising internal magnetic interaction means between at least one inertia mobile component of said resonator, mounted such that it pivots about an axis of oscillation and comprising magnetic elements, and an escape wheel set or a structural element that is magnetised and/or ferromagnetic, comprised in said resonator. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood upon reading the following detailed description given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    diagrammatically shows a plan view of a part of a horological movement with an inertia mobile component of a resonator, at the top, the return means not being shown, comprising two magnetic pallet-stones arranged so as to engage with an escape wheel set comprised in an escapement mechanism of this movement; the inertia mobile component in this case is a balance, and the escape wheel set is an escape wheel; 
         FIG.  2    is a graphical diagram showing the total resultant magnetic moment of the inertia mobile component in  FIG.  1   , with reference to a reference trihedron, the Z axis thereof is the axis of oscillation of the inertia mobile component. Ideally, the magnetic moment should solely be formed of the component that is aligned with the Z axis. The component perpendicular to the Z axis represents an error that should be corrected; 
         FIG.  3    diagrammatically shows the effect, compared to the needle of a compass, of the interference between this resultant magnetic moment of the inertia mobile component, and an external magnetic field Bext. The external magnetic field produces a perturbation torque on the inertia mobile component. This is a first perturbation effect that appears in an external magnetic field and that should ideally be cancelled out; 
         FIG.  4    shows, similarly to  FIG.  1   , the same mechanism improved by the addition of a magnetic compensating element, the magnetic moment component thereof in the XOY plane opposes the resultant of the magnetic moment of the two pallet-stones in this plane; 
         FIG.  5    is a graphical diagram similar to  FIG.  2    showing the total resultant magnetic moment of the inertia mobile component in  FIG.  4   , brought to the Z axis thanks to the addition of the magnetic compensating element; 
         FIG.  6    is similar to  FIG.  3    for the mechanism in  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIGS.  7  to  10    show several examples of magnetic compensating elements that are adjustable, with, in each instance, from left to right, the plan view of a prior state, then the plan view of the state after adjustments, then the magnetic moment diagram for obtaining a compensating magnetic moment in the desired direction: 
       in  FIG.  7   , two cylindrical magnets capable of rotating inside recesses, that are diametrically magnetised and have rotation axes parallel to the axis of oscillation of the inertia mobile component, and moments μ c1  and μ c2 , that are rotated in order to adjust both the direction and intensity of the resultant thereof; 
       in  FIG.  8   , a radially-magnetised cylindrical magnet, the resultant magnetisation thereof is zero; the adjustment thus takes place by removing a part of this magnet; 
       in  FIG.  9   , micro-magnets (magnetic pixels) in the directions ±X and ±Y that are partially removed depending on the need; 
       in  FIG.  10   , a spherical magnet magnetised according to the axis of oscillation, which is in a spherical recess, allowing for the inclination thereof in order to create the component required for compensation; 
         FIG.  11    shows, similarly to  FIG.  4   , the same mechanism improved by the addition of the cylindrical compensating magnets in  FIG.  7   , as close as possible to the axis of oscillation; 
         FIG.  12    shows, similarly to  FIG.  4   , a similar mechanism, the pallet-stones thereof have magnetic moments parallel to the axis of oscillation; in this case, the alignment error of the resultant magnetic moment relative to the axis of oscillation of the inertia mobile component is assumed to have already been corrected; 
         FIG.  13    is a diagrammatic representation of the displacement of the resultant magnetic moment of the two pallet-stones, during the oscillation of the inertia mobile component, in an external magnetic field Bz, which comprises an intensity gradient in the X direction, symbolised by greyed out areas of increasing density; this figure highlights a second perturbation effect, which only appears in the presence of a non-homogeneous external magnetic field, and that should ideally be corrected; 
         FIG.  14    shows, similarly to  FIG.  12   , the same mechanism improved by the addition of a balancing magnet, further comprising a magnetic moment parallel to the axis of oscillation, and mounted on the opposite side of the pallet-stones relative to the axis of oscillation; the purpose of the balancing magnet is to eliminate the second perturbation effect; 
         FIG.  15    is a diagrammatic representation, similar to  FIG.  13   , of the displacement of the resultant magnetic moment of the two pallet-stones and of that of the balancing magnet in  FIG.  14   , in the same external field. The interaction energy variation resulting from the displacement of the balancing magnet in the external field cancels out that resulting from the displacement of the two pallet-stones; 
         FIG.  16    shows, similarly to  FIG.  1   , a similar mechanism, with a magnetic interaction between elements of a fixed structure of the horological movement, such as detent pins, bankings or similar elements, and magnetic areas of the inertia mobile component, in this case shown opposite the pallet-stones relative to the axis of oscillation; 
         FIG.  17    shows, similarly to  FIGS.  4  and  14   , a similar mechanism, which comprises both a compensating magnet and a balancing magnet; 
         FIG.  18    is a block diagram showing a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising a movement, comprising powering and/or energy storage means arranged so as to power at least one such resonator, and an escapement mechanism comprising at least one escape wheel set arranged so as to engage, with interaction, with such an inertia mobile component. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention relates to the production of a horological mechanism that is insensitive to the external magnetic field, and more specifically a horological resonator of the magnetic type, or at least one part of the running thereof is based on magnetic attraction and/or repulsion, and in particular comprising magnets, which is insensitive to the external magnetic field. 
     The invention relates to an inertia mobile component  1  for a horological resonator  100 . This inertia mobile component  1  is arranged so as to oscillate about an axis of oscillation D 1  and comprises at least one magnetic area  10 , which magnetic area  10  comprises at least one magnet or at least one magnetised ferromagnetic area. 
     According to the invention, the total resultant magnetic moment of all of the magnetic areas  10  comprised in the inertia mobile component  1  is aligned in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1 . For this purpose, the inertia mobile component  1  bears at least one magnetic compensating element  4 , the magnetisation component thereof in a direction perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1  can be adjusted in order to obtain a total resultant magnetic moment that is aligned in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, the magnetic centre of mass of the inertia mobile component  1  is located on the axis of oscillation D 1 . This magnetic centre of mass is defined by the moments of order  1 : x B , y B , z B  of the component of the magnetic moment in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
               x   B     =       Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z       ⁢     x   i         Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z                         y   B     =       Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z       ⁢     y   i         Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z                         z   B     =       Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z       ⁢     z   i         Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z                 
In these formulae, the sum is calculated for all infinitesimal elements of magnetic moment μi and only the component μi z  along the axis of oscillation D 1  is considered.
 
     More particularly, all of the magnetic areas  10  comprised in this inertia mobile component  1  have permanent magnetisation. 
     Even more particularly, the inertia mobile component  1  is devoid of any ferromagnetic components and ferromagnetic areas other than the magnetic areas  10  and than at least one magnetic compensating element  4 , which are all formed by permanent magnets. 
     The invention further relates to a horological resonator  100  comprising at least one such inertia mobile component  1 , and comprising return means for maintaining the oscillation of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 . 
     According to the invention, the resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetic areas  10  borne by the at least one inertia mobile component  1  has a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, the resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetic areas  10  borne by all of the inertia mobile components  1  of the same axis of oscillation D 1 , comprised in the resonator  100 , has a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, all of the areas comprised in the resonator  100  in the immediate vicinity of the at least one inertia mobile component  1  have a zero magnetic moment, and are devoid of any ferromagnetic components, ferromagnetic areas and magnets. 
     More particularly, all of the areas comprised in the resonator  100  in the immediate vicinity of each inertia mobile component  1  of the same axis of oscillation D 1 , comprised in the resonator  100 , have a zero magnetic moment, and are devoid of any ferromagnetic components, ferromagnetic areas and magnets. 
     The invention further relates to a horological movement  1000 , comprising powering and/or energy storage means  300  arranged so as to power at least one such resonator  100 , comprised in the movement  1000 , and an escapement mechanism  200  comprising at least one escape wheel set  2  arranged so as to engage, with interaction, with the at least one inertia mobile component  1  of the resonator  100 . More particularly, this escape wheel set  2  bears escapement magnets on the periphery thereof. 
     According to the invention, the at least one inertia mobile component  1  and the at least one escape wheel set  2  with which it engages, on the one hand respectively comprise magnetic areas and at least one magnetic compensating element  4 , and escapement magnets, all of which are formed by permanent magnets, and are, with the exception of the magnetic areas  10  of this at least one magnetic compensating element  4  and of the escapement magnets, devoid of ferromagnetic components and of ferromagnetic areas, like the entirety of the resonator  100  and the components of the escapement mechanism  200  other than this at least one escape wheel set  2  and the inertia mobile component  1 . 
     More particularly, the at least one inertia mobile component  1  is arranged such that it engages, with magnetic interaction, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1  or oblique relative to the axis of oscillation D 1 , with the at least one escape wheel set  2  and/or a structural element  3 , that is magnetised and/or ferromagnetic, comprised in the movement  1000 . 
     And the resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetic areas  10  borne by the at least one inertia mobile component  1  has a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, the resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetic areas  10  borne by all of the inertia mobile components  1  of the same axis of oscillation D 1 , comprised in the resonator  100 , has a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, from among all of the magnetic areas  10  comprised in the at least one inertia mobile component  1 , a first set of magnetic areas is arranged for the magnetic interaction with at least one escape wheel set  2  or a structural element  3 , and a second set of magnetic areas is arranged so as to compensate for the resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetic areas of the first set such that the resultant has a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 , and the second set of magnetic areas is further arranged such that the magnetic interaction efforts of the constituents thereof with any escape wheel set  2  or any structural element  3  of the resonator  100  are less than one tenth of the magnetic interaction efforts of the constituents of the first set of magnetic areas with any escape wheel set  2  or any structural element  3  of the resonator  100 . 
     More particularly, at least one escape wheel set  2  or at least one structural element  3  that is magnetised and/or ferromagnetic, comprised in the movement  1000 , and which is arranged so as to engage, with magnetic interaction, with at least one inertia mobile component  1 , has a resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetised areas and of all of the magnets comprised therein having a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1  or in any plane perpendicular to its own axis of oscillation if rotatably mounted. 
     More particularly, each escape wheel set  2  or structural element  3  that is magnetised and/or ferromagnetic, comprised in the movement  1000 , and which is arranged so as to engage, with magnetic interaction, with at least one inertia mobile component  1 , has a resultant of the magnetic moments of all of the magnetised areas and of all of the magnets comprised therein having a zero component in any plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1  or in any plane perpendicular to its own axis of oscillation if rotatably mounted. 
     More particularly, the second set comprises at least one magnetised balancing area and/or a balancing magnet  6 , the position of the magnetic centre of mass thereof, as defined hereinabove, is not located on the axis of oscillation D 1 , and is adjusted by calculation in order to obtain magnetic balancing of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 . 
     More particularly, each magnetised area or magnet comprised in the second set has a magnetic moment, the position of the magnetic centre of mass thereof is not located on the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, the first set comprises at least one magnetised balancing area or a balancing magnet  6 , the position of the magnetic centre of mass thereof is not located on the axis of oscillation D 1  in order to obtain magnetic balancing of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 . 
     More particularly, each magnetised area or magnet comprised in the first set has a magnetic moment, the position of the magnetic centre of mass thereof is not located on the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, the second set comprises at least one magnetised balancing area and/or a balancing magnet  6 , the direction of the magnetic moment thereof crosses the axis of oscillation D 1  in order to obtain magnetic balancing of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 . 
     More particularly, each magnetised area or magnet comprised in the second set has a magnetic moment, the direction thereof crosses the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, the first set comprises at least one magnetised balancing area or a balancing magnet  6 , the direction of the magnetic moment thereof crosses the axis of oscillation D 1  in order to obtain magnetic balancing of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 . 
     More particularly, the second set comprises at least one magnetised area or a balancing magnet  6 , the position of the magnetic centre of mass thereof is located, relative to the axis of oscillation D 1 , opposite the magnetic centre of mass of the other magnets carried by the inertia mobile component, in order to obtain magnetic balancing of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 . 
     More particularly, each magnetised area or magnet comprised in the first set has a magnetic moment, the direction of the magnetic moment thereof crosses the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     More particularly, all of the magnetised areas and all of the magnets borne by each inertia mobile component  1  have permanent magnetisation. 
     More particularly, all of the magnetised areas and all of the magnets borne by at least one escape wheel set  2  or structural element  3 , comprised in the movement  1000 , have permanent magnetisation. 
     More particularly, all of the magnetised areas and all of the magnets borne by each escape wheel set  2  or structural element  3 , comprised in the movement  1000 , have permanent magnetisation. 
     More particularly, at least one inertia mobile component  1  is a balance, and at least one escape wheel set  2  is an escape wheel. 
     More particularly, the movement  1000  comprises at least one structural element  3 , which is arranged so as to engage, with magnetic interaction, with the at least one inertia mobile component  1  at a magnetic area  13 ,  14  thereof, and this structural element  3  is in particular a detent pin  33  or a banking limiting the travel of the at least one inertia mobile component  1 , or a similar element. 
     The invention further relates to a timepiece  2000 , in particular a watch, comprising at least one such movement  1000  and/or one such resonator  100 . 
     More particularly, this watch  2000  comprises a case with a magnetic shield in order to enclose each resonator  100  comprised in the watch  2000 . 
     The invention further relates to a method for reducing the sensitivity, to an external magnetic field, of a horological resonator  100  comprising internal magnetic interaction means between, on the one hand, at least one inertia mobile component  1  of the resonator  100 , mounted such that it pivots about an axis of oscillation D 1  and comprising magnetic elements  10 , and, on the other hand, an escape wheel set  2  or a structural element  3  that is magnetised and/or ferromagnetic, comprised in the resonator  100 , for which resonator  100  two reference axes OX and OY orthogonal to one another and to the axis of oscillation D 1  are defined. 
     According to the invention:
         the resonator  100  is operated under steady-state power supply conditions,   the reference run state thereof is measured,   a first uniform magnetic field is applied to the resonator along the OX axis,   and a first rate difference Δmx in X is measured by comparison with this reference run state,   a second uniform magnetic field is applied to the resonator along the OY axis, the magnetic flux density thereof is the same as that of the first field along the OX axis,   a second rate difference Δmy in Y is measured by comparison with this reference run state,   the components respectively μ cx  in X and μ cy  in Y of a compensating magnetic moment μ c  are calculated, as a function of the first rate difference Δmx and of the second rate difference Δmy,   and at least one magnetic compensating element  4  is produced, comprising the compensating magnetic moment μ c , or a set  5  of magnetic compensating and balancing elements are produced, the resultant magnetic moment thereof is equal to the compensating magnetic moment μ c ,   and the inertia mobile component  1  is equipped with at least one such magnetic compensating element  4 , or respectively with such a set  5  of magnetic compensating and balancing elements, in the appropriate position of geometrical orientation relative to OX, OY, and to the axis of oscillation D 1 , the at least one magnetic compensating element  4  being on the axis of oscillation D 1  or in the immediate vicinity thereof, or respectively the set  5  of magnetic compensating and balancing elements comprising:   on the one hand at least one magnetic compensating element  4  on the axis of oscillation D 1  or in the immediate vicinity thereof,   and on the other hand a magnetic balancing element  6  positioned opposite, relative to the axis of oscillation D 1 , the resultant of the magnetic elements  10  of the inertia mobile component  1 , and the magnetic balancing moment μ e  thereof is oriented in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1 , and more particularly towards the axis of oscillation D 1 .       

     The figures more particularly show, in a non-limiting manner, the application of the invention to a resonator  100  with an inertia mobile component  1  which is a balance. 
     Let&#39;s consider a balance  1 , mounted such that it pivots about an axis of oscillation D 1 , and which bears magnets  11  and  12  intended to interact with an escape wheel  2 , pivoting about an escapement axis D 2 , as shown in  FIG.  1   , where the magnets  11 ,  12  are magnetic pallet-stones intended to directly interact with the escape wheel  2 . Each magnet  11 ,  12  has a magnetic moment. 
     Each magnet  11 ,  12  has a magnetic moment, which is an extensive vector quantity calculated as being the integral of the magnetisation over the entire volume of the magnet. The magnetic moment can be shown as the needle of a compass, which is subject to a torque when immersed in an external magnetic field. 
     In order to minimise the perturbation effect of an external magnetic field on the resonator  100 , the total magnetic moment of the magnets  11 ,  12 , borne by the balance  1 , must be aligned in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1  of the balance  1 , in this case denoted as the Z axis. 
     Ideally, the magnetic moment should solely be formed of the component μ z  that is aligned with the Z axis. The component of this moment which is perpendicular to the Z axis, i.e. μ xy , represents an error that should ideally be corrected. 
     More specifically, let&#39;s suppose that the total resultant magnetic moment is not aligned with the Z axis, and thus that a component of the magnetic moment exists that is perpendicular to the axis of oscillation in  FIG.  2   . The total magnetic moment μ tot  is the sum of the magnetic moments of all of the magnets borne by the resonator; this total magnetic moment should be aligned with the axis of oscillation D 1 , the Z axis in the figure, in order to guarantee the insensitivity of the resonator to external fields. The vector μ tot  is the sum of a vector μ xy  representing the component of the total resultant moment in the plane XOY perpendicular to the Z axis, and of the component μ z  along this Z axis: to summarise, the component μ xy  is sought to be minimised and, where possible, cancelled out. This is because this component μ xy  of the total magnetic moment μ tot  will change direction when the balance  1  oscillates. 
     In the presence of an external magnetic field Bext, it is subjected to a torque which tends to align same with this external field, and the intensity thereof depends on the angular position of the balance  3 , as shown in  FIG.  3   . The external magnetic field produces a perturbation torque on the inertia mobile component. This is a first perturbation effect that appears in an external magnetic field and that should ideally be cancelled out. 
     In theory, the magnetisation of the magnets  11 ,  12 , borne by the balance  1 , can still be assumed to be aligned in the direction of the axis of oscillation. However, in practice, it is known that there are always imperfections, resulting from the assembly, magnetisation, or other cause, and thus a small alignment error is unavoidable, and thus so is the presence of this small perturbation component μ xy . 
     More specifically, an alignment error produces such a small component μ xy  in the plane perpendicular to the axis of oscillation, which acts as a needle of a compass. Thus, an external magnetic field Bext produces a perturbation torque which depends on the position of the balance, and thus a variation of daily rate. More specifically, such a perturbation torque, which varies in a non-linear manner with the angle of the balance  1 , is known to affect the running of the resonator  100 . 
     The insensitivity of the resonator to external fields can be improved by several approaches. 
     The first improvement proposed thus consists of adding at least one compensating magnet  4  on the balance  1 , as shown in  FIG.  4   . This is an additional magnet, which does not interact with the escape wheel  2 , and the component μ c  thereof perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 , is adjusted so as to have an equal intensity but a direction opposite to the component μ xy  (perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1 ) of the other magnets borne by the balance  1 , as shown in  FIG.  5   , so as to compensate for the effect of the magnetic moment μ xy .  FIG.  5    shows that the total magnetic moment is thus reduced to μ z  and is thus aligned along OZ which corresponds to the axis of oscillation D 1  of the balance  1 . In this manner, as shown in  FIG.  6   , when the balance  1  is immersed in an external magnetic field Bext, the torque to which the compensating magnet  4  is subjected opposes the torque to which the other magnets  11 ,  12 , carried by the balance  1 , are subjected, to the extent of obtaining a total torque of zero. The perturbation torque is thus cancelled out. 
     There are several ways of producing such a compensating magnet  4 , for which the component perpendicular to the axis of oscillation can be adjusted, as shown in  FIGS.  7  to  10   . 
     Use of at least two diametrically-magnetised cylindrical magnets can be considered, the axis thereof is parallel to the axis of oscillation D 1  of the resonator, having moments μ c1  and μ c2 , which are rotated in order to adjust the resultant thereof, as shown in  FIG.  7   , both in terms of direction and intensity. 
     A radially-magnetised cylindrical magnet can also be added, the resultant magnetisation thereof is zero. The adjustment thus takes place by removing a part of this magnet, as shown in  FIG.  8   . 
     Micro-magnets (magnetic pixels) can also be considered in the directions ±X and ±Y that are removed as necessary, as shown in  FIG.  9   . 
     A spherical magnet magnetised along the axis of oscillation can also be considered, which magnet is located in a spherical recess, as shown in  FIG.  10   , in order to be able to incline same so as to create the component μ c  which is required for compensation. It goes without saying that any other mechanical means for adjusting the direction of the magnet can be used. 
     This list is non-exhaustive. For example, another solution would be to add a single cylindrical magnet, diametrically magnetised with the right intensity, equal to that of μ xy , and which could be oriented in order to adjust the direction of μ c . In order to adjust the intensity of this magnet, the field used for the magnetisation thereof can be varied. 
     It goes without saying that each of these solutions for creating an adjustable compensating magnet is, advantageously, carried by the balance  1 , close to the axis of oscillation D 1  thereof, as shown in  FIG.  11   , which takes on the configuration shown in  FIG.  7   . 
     Regardless of the method used for the adjustment, the residual sensitivity of the resonator must be previously measured, and the desired compensation must be calculated. To achieve this, a uniform external magnetic field B x0  is simply applied along +X and −X, and the rate difference Δm x  resulting therefrom is measured. The same is carried out for a magnetic field along Y. The components of the compensating magnetic moment are calculated as follows: μ x =k. Δm x /(86400 B x0 ), and for the other component, simply replace x by y in this formula, where: 
     μ x =magnetic moment in A·m −2    
     k=rotational stiffness of the return spring of the balance in N*m/rad=N*m. For example k=10 −6  N·m/rad for a sprung balance. 
     Δm x =rate in seconds per day 
     B x0 =magnetic field in Tesla. 
     Let&#39;s now assume that this total magnetic moment alignment work has been carried out so that the component of the magnetic moment perpendicular to the axis of oscillation D 1  has become negligible. The next perturbation effect that affects the running of the balance  1 , when it is placed in an external field Bext is caused by the displacement, in an arc of a circle, of the magnetic moment in a non-homogeneous field B z , as shown in  FIG.  13   . More specifically, the magnetic interaction energy varies in a non-linear manner with the position of the balance  1  to the extent of creating a perturbation torque which affects the running of the resonator  100 . 
       FIG.  12    shows a balance  1  with magnetic pallet-stones  11  and  12  which are magnetised along the OZ axis, with a resultant magnetic moment μ z1&amp;2  which is positioned at the magnetic centre of mass of the pallet-stones  11  and  12  (in comparison with the total mass of a wheel set positioned at the centre of mass thereof).  FIG.  13    shows the displacement of the same resultant magnetic moment in a non-homogeneous magnetic field B z , illustrated in this case with a field intensity gradient along X, shown by increasingly greyed over areas. The magnetic interaction energy varies in a non-linear manner with the position of the balance  1  in this field. 
     In order to cancel out this effect, it suffices to position the resultant magnetic moment on the axis of oscillation D 1  (point O). However, the magnetic pallet-stones  11  and  12  that interact with the escape wheel  2  cannot be displaced to this point. 
     A second improvement proposed thus consists of adding a balancing magnet  6 , as shown in  FIG.  14   . This balancing magnet  6  is located opposite the escape wheel  2 , relative to the axis of oscillation D 1 , and far enough away from this escape wheel  2  so as not to interact therewith. 
     This balancing magnet  6  is magnetised in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1 . It is positioned opposite the position of the magnetic centre of mass of the other magnets  11  and  12  carried by the balance  1 , as shown in  FIG.  14   . In this manner, the trajectory taken by the magnetic moment of the balancing magnet  6  in the external field B z  produces, in the first order, a perturbation torque that opposes that which is applied to the other magnets  11  and  12  carried by the balance  1 . Another way to explain the role of this magnet is to discuss magnetic balancing. The purpose is to bring that which is known as a magnetic centre of mass of the magnetic moment onto the axis of oscillation. This magnetic centre of mass is defined by the moments of order  1  (x B , y B , z B ) of the component of the total resultant magnetic moment that is in the direction of the axis of oscillation D 1 . 
     In other words, the mass is replaced by μz in the definition of the centre of mass: 
                 x   B     =       Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z       ⁢     x   i         Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z             ⁢     
     ⁢       y   B     =       Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z       ⁢     y   i         Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z             ⁢     
     ⁢       z   B     =       Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z       ⁢     z   i         Σ   ⁢     μ     i   z                   
More specifically, in order to obtain magnetic balancing, the magnetic centre of mass of the total magnetisation of the resonator  100  is placed on the axis of oscillation D 1 .
 
     This approach is applicable to the example shown in  FIGS.  13  and  15    (which shows, similarly to  FIG.  13   , the displacement of the magnetic moments of the pallet-stones  11  and  12 , in addition to that of the balancing magnet  6  in the external field), where a relatively steady external field gradient exists, in this case along X in this example. However, this approach is not valid if the external field varies with significant non-linearity. In principle, such significant non-linearity is not produced if there are no ferromagnetic elements in the vicinity of the balance  1 . Thus, in practice, the ferromagnetic components must be moved far enough away from the balance  1  for this method to be effective. 
     A plurality of methods are available for adding this magnetic balancing magnet. It should be specified that the geometrical configuration and location of this balancing magnet can be calculated when designing the pallet-stone magnets  11 ,  12  and similar elements. Thus, the balancing magnet  6  can be manufactured with the same technology used to manufacture the pallet-stones: conventional machining, laser, thin film deposition, or other technology. Another solution can consist of subsequently adding same, for example, by spraying magnetic material onto the balance felloe, by additive manufacturing or jetting, or by any other suitable method, in order to balance it. It goes without saying that this list is not exhaustive. 
     To summarise, the invention proposes:
         an inertial mass of a resonator, in particular an oscillating balance, which bears magnets all of which are aligned in the direction of the axis of oscillation of this inertial mass;   such an inertial mass to which a small compensating magnet is added, which has a magnetisation component in the direction perpendicular to the axis of oscillation; this compensating magnet must be adjusted in order to compensate for an alignment error between the total magnetic moment and the axis of oscillation;   such an inertial mass, with or without a compensating magnet, to which a small balancing magnet is added, which is magnetised in the direction of the axis of oscillation; this balancing magnet must be sized and positioned so as to bring the magnetic centre of mass onto the axis of oscillation;   an alternative with an inertial mass according to one of these embodiments, and from which all of the ferromagnetic components have been removed, or which, by design, is devoid of any ferromagnetic area;   a horological movement with a resonator comprising at least one inertial mass according to one of the embodiments hereinabove, and in the vicinity thereof all of the magnetic and/or ferromagnetic components have been removed, with the exception of the magnets of the escape wheel set, in particular an escape wheel, engaging with this inertial mass.       

     The invention allows high insensitivity to be obtained for a resonator incorporating magnetic functions into the external magnetic fields, without any noteworthy increase in the volume of the components thereof, and at a low cost. 
     The invention applies equally to new equipment as it does to mechanisms that have already been manufactured, which can be safely improved under reasonable economic conditions. 
     The invention is described herein with reference to the specific case of a resonator, which is the most sensitive member of a timepiece, for which any magnetic perturbation is capable of having direct repercussions by degrading the running thereof. The horologist will also know how to apply this to other less sensitive mechanisms of a watch, such as magnetic strike mechanisms or other mechanisms. 
     The invention has been described with reference to the preferred case of a magnetic interaction, however the principle remains applicable to an electrostatic interaction, or even to a combined magnetic and electrostatic interaction.