Patent Publication Number: US-8538927-B2

Title: User interface for backup management

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/499,881, filed on Aug. 4, 2006. 
     This application is generally related to the following jointly owned and co-pending patent applications, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety:
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,839, for “Managing Backup of Content,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,250, for “Application-Based Backup-Restore of Electronic Information,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,879, for “Navigation of Electronic Backups,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,880, for “Architecture for Back Up and/or Recovery of Electronic Data,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,385, for “Searching a Backup Archive,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,885, for “Conflict Resolution in Recovery of Electronic Data,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,840, for “System for Multi-Device Electronic Backup,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,848, for “System for Electronic Backup,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,867, for “Restoring Electronic Information,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,386, for “Links to a Common Item in a Data Structure,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,866, for “Event Notification Management,” filed Aug. 4, 2006;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/499,256, for “Consistent Back Up of Electronic Information,” filed Aug. 4, 2006.   

    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The disclosed implementations relate generally to storing and restoring data. 
     A hallmark of modern graphical user interfaces is that they allow a large number of graphical objects or items to be displayed on a display screen at the same time. Leading personal computer operating systems, such as Apple Mac OS®, provide user interfaces in which a number of windows can be displayed, overlapped, resized, moved, configured, and reformatted according to the needs of the user or application. Taskbars, menus, virtual buttons and other user interface elements provide mechanisms for accessing and activating windows even when they are hidden behind other windows. 
     With the sophisticated tools available, users are encouraged not only to create and save a multitude of items in their computers, but to revise or otherwise improve on them over time. For example, a user can work with a certain file and thereafter save its current version on a storage device. The next day, however, the user could have had second thoughts about the revisions, or could have come up with new ideas, and therefore opens the file again. 
     The revision process is usually straightforward if the user wants to add more material to the file or make changes to what is there. But it is typically more difficult for a user who has changed his/her mind about changes that were previously made and wants the file back as it was once before. Application programs for word processing typically let the user “undo” previous edits of a text, at least up to a predefined number of past revisions. The undo feature also usually is configured so that the previously made revisions must be undone in reverse chronological order; that is, the user must first undo the most recently made edit, then the second-most recent one, and so on. If the user saves and closes the document and thereafter opens it again, it may not be possible to automatically undo any previous edits. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems and methods for providing a user interface including earlier versions of data. In particular, a user interface having a current view and a history view including a number of visual representations of earlier views (e.g., snapshots), the earlier views can represent earlier states of data such as files, folders, application data, preferences, and other system data. The user can navigate between earlier views as well as within the earlier views. Navigation and actions can be animated. 
     In general, in one aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product generates a user interface. The user interface includes a view display area for presenting a current view and a history view display area for presenting a history view associated with the current view. The history view includes one or more first visual representations of corresponding earlier versions of the current view. The user interface also includes an input control for initiating a restoration of the current view according to at least a portion of an earlier version of the one or more earlier versions. 
     Implementations can include one or more of the following features. Each earlier version can include at least a first element that a user can select, and wherein initiation of the input control after the selection initiates the restoration of the current view according to only the first element of the earlier version. The history view display area can further include a user-activated information area that presents information about a selected earlier version. The information area provides data associated with the selected earlier version including when the earlier version was created or a location of the data of the earlier version. 
     The first visual representation can be included in a timeline presented in the history view, the timeline including several visual representations of earlier versions of the current view. The history view can include one or more navigation tools for navigating between the visual representations of the earlier versions in the timeline. The navigation tools can include one or more scroll bars for scrolling through visual representation of the earlier versions, including scrolling to additional visual representations of earlier versions not initially shown in the history view. The navigation tools can include one or more arrow buttons for scrolling to additional visual representations of earlier versions not initially shown in the history view. The earlier versions in the timeline can be presented with a corresponding date range associated with the earlier version. The date range can be a single date. 
     The history view can further include another input control for modifying the timeline to include only at least one of the visual representations whose corresponding earlier version differs from the current view. The history view can present the visual representations of the earlier versions as a stack. The history view can include one or more navigation tools for navigating the stack of visual representations. The history view can animate the navigation between visual representations in the stack of visual representations. 
     The history view can display the visual representations as a calendar, the calendar showing the visual representations with respect to the corresponding date in which the earlier version was generated. The history view can receive a user input to display the visual representations in a different format. Displaying the visual representations in a different format can include providing a menu for user selection of a particular format. The history view can further include a preview area that presents at least the first element of the earlier version. The preview area can present a representation of the first element without invoking an application associated with the first element. 
     The history view display area can further include a user-activated item timeline area that presents information about the earlier versions. The presented information can include information associated with changes to the first element in one or more of the earlier versions. The information associated with changes to the first element can identify each earlier version where a change occurred and the type of change that occurred. The computer program product can further include animating the history view during display of the visual representations of the earlier versions. 
     In general, in one aspect, a method relating to modifying a view in a user interface is provided. The method includes receiving, while a current view is displayed in a user interface, a first user input requesting that a history view associated with the current view be displayed. The history view is displayed in response to the first user input, the history view including at least a first visual representation of an earlier version of the current view, the earlier version including a first element. The history view display including a view display area for presenting a current view, and a history view display area for presenting a history view associated with the current view, the history view including one or more first visual representations of corresponding earlier versions of the current view. A second user input is received while the history view is displayed requesting that the current view be modified according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first element. The current view is modified in response to the second user input according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first element. 
     In general, in one aspect, a method is provided. The method includes defining criteria for capturing a state of a view of a user interface. The state of the view is captured in accordance with the criteria. A prompt is received to suspend presentation of a current view and present a captured view. The captured view is presented in a history view interface. The history view interface includes a view display area for presenting a current view, and a history view display area for presenting a history view associated with the current view, the history view including one or more first visual representations of corresponding capture views of the current view. The captured view is reinstated into the current view of the user interface. 
     Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented to realize one or more of the following advantages. Backup data can be stored, allowing a user to retrieve past states of applications or data. The user can easily navigate a set of visual representations of the earlier views. The user interface provides an intuitive navigation and restore environment for finding and restoring earlier versions of data. 
     The details of the various aspects of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example of an architecture for backing up, searching, or restoring system information. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example of interactions with a backup component for backing up, searching, or restoring system information. 
         FIG. 3  is a screen shot depicting an example of a time machine user interface including search results within a search application. 
         FIG. 4  is a screen shot depicting an example of a time machine user interface including an item timeline associated with a file within the search results from the search application. 
         FIG. 5  is a screen shot depicting an example of a time machine user interface including an item timeline associated with a folder within the search results from the search application. 
         FIG. 6  is a screen shot depicting an example of a snapshot calendar timeline. 
         FIG. 7  is a screen shot depicting an example of a snapshot stack timeline. 
         FIG. 8  is a screen shot depicting an example of a snapshot book timeline. 
         FIGS. 9-12  are screen shots depicting an example of a snapshot animation timeline. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an architecture  100  that allows a user to search a captured version of an interface view, perhaps to initiate a restoration based on it. As used herein, a view refers to an item, element, or other content, capable of being stored and/or retrieved in an interface, that can be subjected to a backup operation by a backup component  117 . For example, a user interface view can contain any number of icons, files, folders, application state information and/or machine state information, preferences, etc. The architecture  100  includes a personal computer  102  communicatively coupled to a remote server  107  via a network interface  116  and a network  108  (e.g., local area network, wireless network, Internet, intranet, etc.). The computer  102  generally includes a processor  103 , memory  105 , one or more input devices  114  (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.) and one or more output devices  115  (e.g., a display device). A user interacts with the architecture  100  via the input and output devices  114 ,  115 . Architecture  100  as disclosed includes various hardware elements. Architecture  100  can include hardware, software, and combinations of the two. 
     The computer  102  also includes a local storage device  106  and a graphics module  113  (e.g., graphics card) for storing information and generating graphical objects, respectively. The local storage device  106  can be a computer-readable medium. The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium that includes data and/or participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution, including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical or magnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media. Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copper wire, fiber optics, and computer buses. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, light or radio frequency waves. 
     While modifications of a user interface view are described herein with respect to a personal computer  102 , it should be apparent that the disclosed implementations can be incorporated in, or integrated with, any electronic device that has a user interface, including without limitation, portable and desktop computers, servers, electronics, media players, game devices, mobile phones, email devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), embedded devices, televisions, other consumer electronic devices, etc. 
     Systems and methods are provided for searching stored contents that correspond to earlier versions of system information, application information or system, application, or user interface state. The systems and methods can be stand-alone or otherwise integrated into a more comprehensive application. In the materials presented below, integrated systems and methods are provided for viewing and modifying an interface view (e.g., a user interface view) are disclosed. 
     Though discussion is made with reference to modifying a user interface view, those of ordinary skill will recognize that such a view can be based on various data structures, files, processes, and other aspects of information management. It follows that modification to file structures, data and the like is also contemplated in order to achieve the modification to the user interface view. In other words, while the restoration of the user interface view from one state to another can be the most apparent change from the user&#39;s perspective, this is accomplished through the corresponding changes in the underlying system content. 
     One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the engines, methods, processes and the like that are described can themselves be an individual process or application, part of an operating system, a plug-in, an application, or the like. In one implementation, the system and methods can be implemented as one or more plug-ins that are installed and run on the personal computer  102 . The plug-ins are configured to interact with an operating system (e.g., MAC OS® X, WINDOWS XP, LINUX, etc.) and to perform the various functions, as described with respect to the Figures. A system and method for modifying a user interface view can also be implemented as one or more software applications running on the computer  102 . Such a system and method can be characterized as a framework or model that can be implemented on various platforms and/or networks (e.g., client/server networks, wireless networks, stand-alone computers, portable electronic devices, mobile phones, etc.), and/or embedded or bundled with one or more software applications (e.g., email, media player, browser, etc.). 
     The computer  102  includes the backup component  117  that allows for the storage of versions of the computer&#39;s files or other items (e.g., restoring a view including past state of a file, application, application data, parameters, settings, and the like), for example within the local storage  106  or in an external storage repository. In one implementation, the backup component  117  also allows a user to select any of the stored versions and use it to initiate a restoration of that version in the computer  102 . 
     The computer  102  includes a search component  118  that allows for searches of the computer&#39;s files or other items, for example within the local storage  106  or an external storage repository. In one implementation, the search component  118  can interact with the backup component  117  to perform searches of stored versions of the computer&#39;s files and other items. Particularly, in one implementation, the search component  118  provides that a user can select search results that have been identified in an earlier version and use them to initiate a restoration of that version in the computer  102 . This means that when a user searches for a file but the file is not found, the user can invoke the backup component  117  (or a portion thereof) to show one or more previous states of the C: drive or some other system resource. In other words, the user is looking at the content of the C: drive (that does not currently hold the sought file), and launches the backup component to look at previous states to see if the file has been archived. This operation can be facilitated by the search environment forwarding information (e.g., an identity of the sought file) to the backup environment for showing the correct archive(s). 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary architecture  200  for the back up and restoration of data (e.g., application files, application data, settings, parameters or the like), such as those associated with a set of application programs  228 . Backup component  117  provides back up and restoration capability for the system. Many different items or elements can be the subject of a backup operation in the system. For example, folders, files, items, information portions, directories, images, system parameters, playlists, address books, e-mails, e-mail folders, a state of an application or state of the system, preferences (e.g., user or system preferences), and the like all can be candidates for archiving. Other types are also possible. In this example, the backup component  117  includes a local storage device  204  and an external storage device  232 . Versions can be stored on either of them. Any number of local and/or external storage devices can be used by the backup component  117  for storing versions. In one implementation, no local storage is provided. 
     In one implementation, the backup component  117  runs as a background task on an operating system  230  such that it is not visible to the user. The backup component  117  can be capable of running across multiple user accounts. In another implementation, the backup component  117  runs within an application in the user space. 
     The backup component  117  includes an activity monitoring engine  212 . In one implementation, the activity monitoring engine  212  monitors for changes within an application view (e.g., application files or state) that are targeted for a backup operation. A change can also include the addition of new files or data (e.g., files or other data structures) or deletion of the same. In one implementation, the activity monitoring engine  212  is capable of discerning between a substantive change (e.g. the text within a document has been modified) and a non-substantive change (e.g. the play count within an iTunes playlist has been updated, or several changes cancel each other out) through its interaction with the application programs  228 . The activity monitoring engine  212  can, for example, create a list of modified elements (e.g., files) to be used when a backup event is eventually triggered. In one implementation, the activity monitoring engine  212  can monitor the system for periods of inactivity. The activity monitoring engine  212  can then trigger a backup event during a period of time in which the backup operation will not cause a system slowdown for an active user. 
     A preference management engine  214  specifies some operating parameters of the backup component  117 . In one implementation, preference management engine  214  contains user-specified and/or system default application parameters for the backup component  117 . These can include settings for the details of capturing and storing the views. For example, the preference management engine  214  can determine the frequency of the backup capture, the storage location for the backup versions, the types of elements (e.g. files or other items) that are eligible for backup capture, and the events which trigger a backup capture (periodic or event-driven, etc.). 
     In one implementation, the preference management engine  214  can detect that a new storage device is being added to the system and prompt the user whether it should be included as a backup repository. Files and other items can be scheduled for a backup operation due to location (e.g. everything on lettered drives such as C: drive and within D:/photos, or named drives such as “MyBigDisk” drive or within named directories such as within “/ExtraStorage/Photos”, thus reference in this specification to drives is not limited to lettered drives or paths), a correlation with specific applications (e.g. all pictures, music, e-mail in an inbox, an address book and system settings), or a combination of strategies. Different types of items can be scheduled to be stored on different devices or on different segments of a storage device during a backup operation. In one implementation, the backup component  117  stores the versions in a format corresponding to a file system structure. 
     A backup management engine  216  coordinates the collection, storage, and retrieval of views performed by the backup component  117 . For example, the backup management engine  216  can trigger the activity monitoring engine  212  to watch for activities that satisfy a requirement specified in the preference management engine  214 . 
     A change identifying engine  218  locates specific elements (e.g., monitored files or other items within) the system  200  to determine if they have changed. The change identifying engine  218  can be capable of discerning a substantive change from a non-substantive change, similar to the example described above for the activity monitoring engine  212 . In one implementation, the change identifying engine  218  traverses a target set of elements (e.g., files, data, or other items), comparing a previous version to the current version to determine whether or not a modification has occurred. 
     A backup capture engine  220  locates views (e.g., elements, files, data, or other items) that are to be included in a backup. The backup capture engine  220  can invoke the activity monitoring engine  212  and/or the change identifying engine  218 , for example, to generate a capture data/item list. The backup capture engine  220  can then store copies of these elements in one or more targeted storage repositories. The backup capture engine  220  can track multiple version copies of each item included in the backup repository. 
     The backup component  117  includes a backup restoration engine  222  to restore previous versions of views (e.g., files, data, or other items). In one implementation, the backup restoration engine  222  provides a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface) where a user can select the item(s) to be restored. 
     The backup component  117  includes an animation management engine  234 . The animation management engine  234  performs or otherwise manages animations occurring within a user interface generated by the backup component  117 . For example, the animation management engine  234  can animate a timeline of captured earlier versions stored by the backup component  117 . Such animation can give an overview of the archive material that is available and can help a user choosing a particular backup version to restore. 
     The search component  118  can search directly within the one or more application programs  228  for a current state or version of the files or other items. In addition, the search component  118  can search earlier versions of the files and other items using the backup component  117 . For example, the search component  118  can provide a search interface within a time machine user interface that allows searches of earlier versions of the files or other items. In addition, the search component  118  can provide a search interface within a user interface that allows searches of the current version of the files or other items. 
     For example, the search component  118  be used to initiate a search to find a particular item or element, such as an image file. If this search finds the sought item, and if the item so found meets the user&#39;s expectations, there may be no need to do any further searching at the moment. However, if the search does not find the sought item, or if the item that is found does not meet the user&#39;s expectations, the user can choose to perform a search of historical views. The user can activate the time machine user interface to search the historical views. 
       FIG. 3  is a screen shot depicting an example of a time machine user interface  300  including search results within a search application  301 . In certain implementations, the search component  118  generates the search application  301 . The time machine user interface  300  can be a conventional user interface as can be provided by an operating system. The time machine user interface  300  has a background, a timeline  302 , snapshots  304   a - d , and can include windows, icons, and other elements. As used herein, a snapshot refers to a backup element stored in an archive that includes a backup of selected items or content as specified by the backup component  117 . The time machine user interface  300  can have multiple applications running, any or all of which can be presented in a separate window. In other implementations, the time machine user interface presents previous versions of data other than in a search application. For example, the time machine user interface can present previous versions of a file system, particular application states, preferences, settings, etc. 
     The search application  301  allows a user to select one or more search controls and search parameters that specify a search for files or items to be presented in a search results area  306 . A user can select a particular location, for example within the local storage device  204  or the external storage device  232 , where the search will be performed, such as a server, the computer  102 , a home folder, or another location. Here, a user has selected an “Animals” folder location, as indicated at the top of the search application  301 . In addition, a navigation area  310  allows a user to navigate to a location within the selected search location. A search phrase control  311  allows a user to input a search phrase to be included in the search. For example, the search application  301  can identify any titles, content, or metadata that contains the search phrase “cats.” 
     In addition to the search application  301 , the time machine interface  300  here includes the timeline  302  and function buttons. The timeline  302  includes snapshots representing the results of performing the current search on an earlier version of system contents that have been backed up. In this particular example, the timeline  302  presents a date beneath the snapshots  304   a - d  indicating the date of the contents on which that search was performed. In certain implementations, the snapshots  304   a - d  shown in the timeline  302  represent only versions where some change has been made in the items since they were last backed up, such as a modification to a file or a system setting. In other implementations, the date does not necessarily refer to a single day, but can include a range of days. Alternatively, the date can represent less than a day, such as a particular hour at which the snapshot was taken. 
     The timeline  302  can include a number of snapshots representing searches performed on earlier versions or states of the files or items that have been backed up. Each snapshot provides a screenshot representation of the earlier version of the files or items at a particular point in time that are responsive to the search. In some implementations, the timeline  302  includes a visual representation of the search results screen, such as a miniature version thereof. The timeline  302  can appear across the top portion of the time machine interface  300  (as shown). Alternatively, the timeline  302  may not appear in the top portion of the time machine interface  300  until a user moves their cursor to (or otherwise activates) the top portion of the interface. 
     The time machine user interface  300  can also include function controls. For example, the interface  300  can include arrow buttons  307   a  and  307   b  to navigate forward or backward in the snapshots; currently Aug. 17, 2005 is selected. Arrow buttons  308   a  and  308   b  operate a scroll bar  309  that allows the user to navigate to additional snapshots not shown in the current timeline window, thus there can be a large number of snapshots from which to select. 
     Here, the search application  301  also includes a search phrase of “cats” in the search phrase control  311 . The navigation area  310  shows sub-folders of the selected “Animals” folder. The search application  301  can present search results in the search results area  306  for a search performed using a currently selected snapshot. Here, the search results area  306  presents a list of items  312   a - r  satisfying the search conditions (i.e., being in the folder “Animals” and including the phrase “cats”). These results are represented by a currently selected snapshot  304   b , as indicated by dashed line  314 . The timeline  302  indicates that these results were obtained from searching an archived version of contents dated Aug. 17, 2005. Each of the items  312   a - r  can be represented by an identifier, such as a name or an icon, and/or can include a representation of the contents of the item, such as a thumbnail picture. A user can change the search by adding, removing, or modifying search controls. 
     In one example, a user can search for a file in a particular drive of a computer. Upon the search not locating the file, the user can initiate the time machine engine to view the contents of the drive at various times in the past. After selecting a particular snapshot representing the state of the drive at some point in the past, the results of the search are updated based on the selected snapshot. For example, the results now indicate whether the sought file is in the selected snapshot. If it is there, the user can restore the file from the snapshot search results. 
     In another example, a user can desire to restore system preference information, such as Internet security settings (e.g., the user has discovered that the current security conditions are inadequate and wishes to return to a safer security configuration). The user searches for the security setting and then activates the time machine. Previous security settings can be presented in the search results as the user selects snapshots representing backed up information for earlier settings. The user can select one or more desired security settings in a particular search result and restore them to the current security settings. 
     In another example, a user can restore a playlist in a music file management program, such as the iTunes application available from Apple Computer, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. The user opens the iTunes application and performs a search for a particular playlist. Upon the search results being presented, the user can determine that the current playlist identified in the search contains songs that are too modern for his or her tastes. The user can activate the time machine and view the results of performing this search on the backed up contents ranging from the current and to a point of time in the past, say within the last few years. After receiving the search results from the earlier playlist versions, the user can select one of the playlists from the past and restore it to the present state of iTunes. 
     A restore button  316 , when selected, restores the current system state with the files or items in the presented search results. In some implementations, this terminates the session of the time machine  300 . A user can select one or more items in the search results and then select the restore button  316  to modify the current version of the item or items selected, if such a version exists, or otherwise to restore the file or item to the current state. For example, the user can select the Tabby Cat item  312   n , thereby triggering the restore button to display a more precise message, such as “restore item.” Restoration of the items involves the retrieval of the item from the archive, and instantiation in the current environment. For example, a file can be retrieved from an archive folder and placed in its current folder, where it is accessible to a user; a system preference (e.g., a time zone or language setting) can be retrieved from an archive and restored as a current system preference that affects the system operation in some regard; or an address book can be restored such that contacts existing in the archived address book are returned to a current address book. 
     Selecting the Tabby Cat item  312   n  can trigger corresponding selections of that respective file in others of the presented snapshots  304   a - d . As another example, selection of the Tabby Cat item  312   n  can, in certain implementations, result in the timeline  302  highlighting those snapshots where the Tabby Cat item  312   n  differs from the selected snapshot  304   b . Here, the snapshot  304   d  is highlighted as indicated by a highlighting border  317  and the text “Change.” 
     An information button  318  provides information regarding the selected snapshot. In one implementation, selecting the information button  318  opens a panel display. The panel display provides, in one implementation, information including the date and time the snapshot was made, the location of actual contents in a snapshot, the size of the snapshot, and a comment section. 
     A close button  320  can be selected to exit the time machine engine  300  and return the user to a desktop. In some implementations, the time machine engine  300  can automatically close upon restoring a particular snapshot. In other implementations, the time machine engine  300  can be minimized for purposes of navigating to other applications, such as an email application or a web browser. 
     In one implementation, the time machine user interface  300  includes a preview button  323 . The preview button, when selected, presents a preview of a selected item or element of a snapshot. For example, if a user selecting an image item in the folder such as Tabby Cat  312 , selects the preview button  323 , an image preview can be presented to the user within the time machine user interface  300 . The user can use the preview function to verify that the item is the item (or the version of the item) that the user wants to restore. In one implementation, the item can be a document. The preview function button allows the user to view the document without invoking the underlying application (e.g., a work processing application). In one implementation, the preview can change as the user selects different versions of the item. For example, a user can preview a particular slide (e.g., slide  8 ) of an item that includes a slide presentation. The user can then select different versions of the presentation from the timeline. The preview changes with each selected earlier version to show the version of the same slide in the presentation (e.g., displays slide  8  for each selected version of the presentation). 
     In some implementations, the user can select an item timeline icon  322  to open a timeline view of snapshots, which can present information about one or more snapshots and optionally facilitate navigation to any snapshot. In some implementations, the timeline view can be toggled off and on using the item timeline icon  322 . Here, the user initiates the timeline view using the timeline icon  322  and the information view using the information button  318 . 
       FIG. 4  is a screen shot depicting an example of the time machine user interface  300  including an item timeline  402  and snapshot information  403  associated with search results in the search application  301 . The snapshot information  403  includes the date and time that the snapshot  304   b  was taken, the location of the snapshot  304   b , the method used to take the snapshot  304   b  (e.g., manually requested or scheduled automatically), the application used to take the snapshot  304   b , the size of the snapshot  304   b , and comments associated with the snapshot  304   b . In other implementations, the information  403  can present different characteristics of the snapshot. 
     The item timeline  402  indicates that, for the selected Tabby Cat item  312   n , there are 7 different sets of results in the 56 available snapshots. That is, in this implementation, there is a total of 56 snapshots available that correspond to system states or contents at different times, and 7 of these have been identified in the search. 
     The item timeline  402  presents a list  404  of the resulting snapshots. The list  404  includes the date of the snapshot as well as an indication of the type of change that was made, such as creation or modification. The item timeline  402  allows a user to see when the responsive contents were captured and what type of change was made for each time or date. For example, the list  404  shows that the current version of this item  312   n  is dated Aug. 23, 2005, and that the currently selected version (in bold) is from Aug. 17, 2005. The next entry in the timeline is the Jul. 27, 2005 version, wherein the corresponding snapshot  304   d  is also marked with the highlighting  317 . In contrast, the snapshot  304   c  does not include a changed version of this item compared to the currently selected one, and is therefore neither listed in the item timeline  402  nor marked with the highlighting  317 . In other implementations, different information can be presented, such as a number of changes made. 
     A user can select a snapshot in the list  404  to navigate to that snapshot. The search application  301  then presents, in the search results area  306 , a result of the search performed on the corresponding contents. In certain implementations, the item timeline  402  is transparent or semi-transparent allowing windows, applications, or the time machine interface  300  to be at least partly visible through the item timeline  402 . 
     In this implementation, the timeline  402  shows only those of the snapshot search results that are different from the current version. That is, the timeline  402  shows all snapshots that match the search, except those whose corresponding earlier state is identical to the current state. In other implementations, the timeline  402  can show all backed up versions of the item. 
     A user can modify the search conditions in the search application  301  to obtain a different set of results in the search results area  306 . In an example that will now be described, the user can remove the search phrase “cats” from the search phrase control  311  to see a list of all items for the “Animals” folder.  FIG. 5  is a screen shot depicting an example of the time machine user interface  300  including an item timeline  502  associated with a folder within the search application  301 . The search application  301  has performed a search on the “Animals” folder with no search phrase. The results of the search include three folders  504   a - c  immediately within the “Animals” folder. A user can select one of the folders  504   a - c  to view its contents or to make it the active selection in the item timeline  502 . Here, no items are selected in the search results area  306 . Therefore, the item timeline  502  shows a list  506  of earlier versions of the parent “Animals” folder. Here, the listed versions are those that have some difference compared to the currently selected snapshot (i.e., they represent “changes” from it). The item timeline  502  also indicates that there are 14 snapshots having changes within the “Animals” folder and that the total number of snapshots is 56. 
     The time machine user interface  300  also includes a control  508  for selecting another timeline presentation. The control  508  allows a user to select for presentation a different representation of a snapshot timeline than the timeline  302  shown here. The user can choose from a snapshot calendar timeline, a snapshot stack timeline, a snapshot book timeline, or a snapshot animation timeline, to name a few examples. In certain implementations, the control  508  can provide a menu for selecting between available presentation modes/formats. In an alternative implementation, only particular users are allowed to change presentation modes. For example, an administrative user may select a presentation mode for all user accounts on the system, which individual users cannot change. Alternatively, user accounts can include individual/group permissions allowing particular users to modify the presentation mode. In another implementation, the presentation mode is fixed (e.g., control  508  is not present). Examples of the calendar, stack, book, and animation timelines will now be described with respect to  FIGS. 6 ,  7 ,  8 , and  9 - 12 , respectively. 
       FIG. 6  is a screen shot depicting an example of a snapshot calendar timeline  600 . The snapshot calendar timeline  600  shown here shows snapshots for a particular month. In other implementations, other time periods, such as weekly, bi-monthly, or quarterly, can be used. In addition, a combination of time periods can be used to present snapshot timeline information, such as dynamically changing the time interval as a user moves through time based on the frequency of the snapshots. 
     Days for which a snapshot was taken are provided with a snapshot image or thumbnail in the calendar timeline  600 . Here, snapshots  602   a - c  were taken on a weekly basis on Wednesday of each week during the month of August. Snapshot  604  represents the current state of the system. A user can select one of the snapshots to make it the active snapshot in, for example, the search application  301 . As shown, the snapshot  602   c  is currently the active snapshot in the application  301 , as indicated by bold line  606 . A user can select the controls  307   a - b  to navigate forward and backward through the snapshots. 
       FIG. 7  is a screen shot depicting an example of a snapshot stack timeline  700 . In certain implementations, the stack  700  is configured to operate analogously to a deck of cards. The top card shows the results of the search in the search application  301  for the selected snapshot. The date, Aug. 17, 2005, of the selected snapshot is shown below the search application  301 . 
     A user can move forward or backward through the stack  700  using the controls  307   a - b . For example, if a user selects the control  307   a  a previous snapshot  702  can be selected and brought to the top of the stack  700 . If, on the other hand, a user selects the control  307   b  a next snapshot  704  on the bottom of the stack  700  can be selected and brought to the top. Alternatively, a user can select the snapshot  702  (or the snapshot  704 ) directly using a pointing device. 
     In certain implementations, the movement of the snapshots can be animated. For example, the movement of the next snapshot  704  from the bottom of the stack  700  to the top can be shown. In addition, a top snapshot can be shown moving to the bottom, revealing the previous snapshot  702 . 
       FIG. 8  is a screen shot depicting an example of a snapshot book timeline  800 . In certain implementations, the book  800  can function analogously to a hard copy book having paper pages. The page on the right shows the results of the search in the search application  301  for the selected snapshot. The date, Aug. 17, 2005, of the selected snapshot is shown below the search application  301 . 
     A user can move forward or backward through the book timeline  800  using the controls  307   a - b . For example, if a user selects the control  307   a , a previous snapshot  802  can be selected and be made visible on the right side of the book  800  and if a user selects the control  307   b , the current page can be moved onto the snapshot  802 , revealing a next snapshot  804  at the end of the book  800  can. Alternatively, a user can select the snapshot  802  (or the snapshot  804 ) directly using a pointing device. 
     In certain implementations, the movement of the snapshots can be animated. For example, the movement of the current page to the left side of the book  800  can be shown, revealing the next snapshot  804 . In addition, a page on the left side of the book  800  can be shown turning to the right side of the book  800 , revealing the previous snapshot  802 . 
     In other implementations, the snapshots can be presented in other formats. For example, the snapshots can be presented in a format similar to a rolodex. When the user navigates to prior snapshots in the stack of snapshots it appears as if the snapshots “cards” have been flipped forward like a rolodex. Animations can be included to show this flipping motion of snapshots. In another implementation, snapshots can be presented in a circular wheel or spiral array. The snapshots can spiral into a vanishing point in the distance, becoming smaller with perceived depth. The user can navigate down the spiral to view particular snapshots. Animation can be generated to show movement down the spiral. 
       FIGS. 9-12  are screen shots depicting an example of a snapshot animation timeline  900 . Referring to  FIG. 9 , initially the timeline  900  contains snapshots arranged vertically toward a vanishing point near the top center of the animation screen. This gives the viewer the impression that the timeline  900  is three-dimensional and extends into the rear of the display. In certain implementations, the animation screen includes a background such as a star field, where the vanishing point is a swirling cloud of interstellar gas and dust. 
     A user can move forward or backward through the snapshots in the animation timeline  900  using controls  902   a - b . For example, if a user selects the control  902   a  a previous snapshot  904  can be selected and brought to the front of the animation timeline  900 . If on the other hand, a user selects the control  902   b  a next snapshot, if present, (not shown) can be selected and brought to the front of the animation timeline  900 . Alternatively, a user can select the snapshot  902  directly with a pointing device. 
     A show changed items only control  906  can allow a user to select whether or not snapshots having no changed items will be presented. The presence or absence of changes can be determined relative to a currently selected snapshot or a current snapshot. Alternatively, snapshot changes are determine relative to adjacent snapshots. A done control  908  allows a user to select when the animation timeline  900  will exit and return, for example, to the previously executed application. 
     A show timeline control  910  allows a user to initiate an animation that transitions from the frontal perspective shown here to a side perspective timeline view. That is, the timeline will appear to perform a rotation in three-dimensional space to let the viewer see it from the side rather than from the front. Here, the vanishing point will move to the left side of the animation screen and the windows representing the snapshots will become “milestone markers” on a timeline. As the timeline  900  rotates to the side view, the snapshot thumbnail icons gradually shrink to become the milestone marker symbols. In certain implementations, a user can navigate backward and forward through the snapshots as the animation is proceeding. Alternatively, the animation can pause during navigation through the snapshots. 
       FIG. 10  shows the animation of the timeline  900  at a point in the animation after the vanishing point of the snapshots has moved to the upper left corner of the animation screen, and thus providing a rotation of the stack. In one implementation, the snapshots can be rendered partially transparent (as shown in  FIG. 10 ) allowing a user to see some contents of a snapshot through the snapshot in front of it. 
     In one implementation, as the animation progresses, some controls can be animated to gradually disappear, such as the show timeline control  910 , the show changed items only control  906 , and the restore control  316 . Other controls can gradually materialize, such as navigation controls  1002   a - b . These changes can be performed in coordination with the animation of the timeline. In certain implementations, a control is selectable by a user when it is fully materialized. When the navigation controls  1002   a - b  materialize they allow a user to navigate to the left and to the right in the timeline  900 , respectively. 
       FIG. 11  shows the continued animation of the timeline  900  after the vanishing point of the snapshots has moved about half way to the middle of the left side of the animation screen. The show timeline control  910 , the show changed items only control  906 , and the restore control  316  are no longer displayed. The horizontal navigation controls  1002   a - b  have completely materialized, while the vertical navigation controls  902   a - b  have begun to dissolve. In one implementation, a line  1102  emphasizing the timeline  900  begins to materialize, while the snapshots have begun to decrease in size as the perspective is moved to a side view of the timeline  900 . Additionally, in one implementation, dates associated with each displayed snapshot are also presented. A hide timeline control  1104  has begun to materialize. A user can select the hide timeline control  1104  to hide the timeline  900  and the line  1102 . In an alternative implementation, the hide timeline control  1104  returns the user to the stack view shown in  FIG. 9  above. 
       FIG. 12  shows the animation of the timeline  900  after the vanishing point of the snapshots has moved to the middle of the left side of the animation screen. The perspective of the timeline  900  is now that of a side view. The vertical navigation controls  902   a - b  have completely dissolved, while the line  1102  and the hide timeline control  1104  have completely materialized. Each snapshot is now represented by a milestone mark and a date on the line  1102 , instead of the snapshot images. A user can select a milestone marker or use the navigation controls  1002   a - b  to move backward or forward through the snapshots, respectively. In one implementation, a user can select a particular milestone mark and be presented with the snapshot image corresponding to that milestone mark. In another implementation, the user can zoom in/out of the timeline, or a portion of the timeline, in order to view milestone marks at a greater level of granularity. In one implementation, the user interface provides one or more zoom controls allowing the user to manipulate the scale of all or a portion of the timeline. 
     The timeline  900  or the other timelines  302 ,  600 ,  700 , and  800  can employ additional animations. For example, as an item is restored, an animation of the item returning to the current system state can be performed. In another example, where several items are restored, a generic animation can be played, such as a cloud of particles moving from the time machine interface  300  or the timelines  600 ,  700 ,  800 , and  900  to the current system state. In addition, the time machine interface  300  or the timelines  600 ,  700 ,  800 , and  900  can employ an animation during an exiting or loading procedure, such as a desktop user interface of the current system state gradually blending into the time machine interface  300  or vice versa. In certain implementations, the animation management engine  234  performs the animation actions described above. 
     In the above description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that implementations can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the disclosure. 
     In particular, one skilled in the art will recognize that other architectures and graphics environments can be used, and that the examples can be implemented using graphics tools and products other than those described above. In particular, the client/server approach is merely one example of an architecture for providing the functionality described herein; one skilled in the art will recognize that other, non-client/server approaches can also be used. Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. 
     It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
     An apparatus for performing the operations herein can be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it can comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. 
     The algorithms and modules presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems can be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it can prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description. In addition, the present examples are not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages can be used to implement the teachings as described herein. Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, the modules, features, attributes, methodologies, and other aspects can be implemented as software, hardware, firmware or any combination of the three. Of course, wherever a component is implemented as software, the component can be implemented as a standalone program, as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate programs, as a statically or dynamically linked library, as a kernel loadable module, as a device driver, and/or in every and any other way known now or in the future to those of skill in the art of computer programming. Additionally, the present description is in no way limited to implementation in any specific operating system or environment. 
     It will be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that the above-described implementations are merely exemplary, and many changes can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that come within the true spirit and scope of this invention.