Patent Publication Number: US-2023160549-A1

Title: Organic-light emitting diode

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/790,198, filed on Feb. 13, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/651,508 filed Jul. 17, 2017 now U.S. Pat. No. 10,605,422 which issued on Mar. 31, 2020 which is a continuation of Ser. No. 13/139,514 filed Jan. 3, 2012 now U.S. Pat. No. 9,797,567 which issued on Oct. 24, 2017 which claims the priority under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International application No. PCT/DE20091001741 filed on Dec. 9, 2009. Priority is also claimed of German application no. 10 2008 061 563.3 filed on Dec. 11, 2008. The entire contents of all these applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Organic light-emitting diodes and luminaires are described. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One object of the invention is to provide organic light-emitting diodes which can be used particularly diversely. 
     This and other objects are attained in accordance with one aspect of the present invention directed to an organic light-emitting diode comprising an organic layer sequence, a radiation exit area and an encapsulation. The organic layer sequence comprises at least one radiation-emitting region which generates electromagnetic radiation in the spectral range from infrared radiation to UV radiation during operation. The radiation exit area is structured, so that the electromagnetic radiation has a directional emission profile. The encapsulation forms a seal of the organic layer sequence against environmental influences. 
     The organic light-emitting diodes described below can be, for example, organic light-emitting diodes which are transparent, emit on both sides, emit white light, emit colored light, emit infrared radiation, emit light diffusely, are rigid, are flexible and/or emit directional radiation. The luminaires can be, for example, luminaires which are used as an alarm clock, which form part of a shower cubicle, which form part of a shower head, which serve as solar protection, which serve as rain protection, which are provided for general lighting which can be used in mobile fashion and/or which inherently combine a plurality of these functions. 
     Embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes described here are presented below. In this case, the embodiments of the organic light-emitting diodes can be combined among one another in any desired manner. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a radiation-emitting region in which electromagnetic radiation is generated during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode generates electromagnetic radiation in the spectral range from infrared radiation to UV radiation during operation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode emits infrared radiation during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode emits colored light during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode emits white light during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one first charge carrier transport layer and at least one second charge carrier transport layer. By way of example, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a hole transport layer and also an electron transport layer as charge carrier transport layers. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, a hole transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode comprises a matrix material that is p-doped. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, an electron transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode comprises a matrix material that is n-doped. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, a hole transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode comprises a matrix material and also a p-type dopant which has Lewis acid character or is a Lewis acid. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the matrix material and the dopant of at least one charge carrier transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode are chosen in such a way that the organic light-emitting diode gives a predetermined color impression in the switched-off operating state. That is to say that, through a suitable choice of matrix material and dopant, the organic light-emitting diode appears for example transparent, bluish, reddish, greenish or in some other color in the switched-off state. Furthermore, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode to appear white in the switched-off state. Furthermore, to organic light-emitting diode can appear in different colors when viewed from different sides. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has a hole transport layer comprising a matrix material and a dopant that form a charge transfer complex. In this case, the charge transfer complex has a first absorption spectrum. In this case, the hole transport layer has a predetermined color impression in the switched-off operating state of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the organic light-emitting diode, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the organic light-emitting diode, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one transparent electrode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the transparent electrode is formed with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the transparent electrode is formed with a thin, transparent metal layer. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the transparent electrode is formed with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and a thin, transparent metal layer. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the transparent electrode is formed with a thin, transparent metal layer having a thickness of at least 1 nm and at most 50 nm. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, at least one electrode of the organic light-emitting diode is configured in reflective fashion. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the reflectivity of at least one electrode of the organic light-emitting diode is at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%. The reflectivity has these high values preferably at least for electromagnetic radiation generated in the organic light-emitting diode during operation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has an electrode comprising an LiF-containing layer on a side facing a radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode. Preferably, the electrode is then a cathode. By way of example, the electrode is in direct contact with the LiF-containing layer. For example, said LiF-containing layer completely covers the electrode at a main area, is in direct contact with the electrode and consists of LiF. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a radiation-emitting region comprising at least one emission layer which contains an organic material. During operation of the organic light-emitting diode, electromagnetic radiation is generated in the at least one emission layer. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, a radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least two emission layers which emit electromagnetic radiation in different or the same wavelength ranges during operation. By way of example, it is possible for one emission layer in the radiation-emitting region to emit colored light during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode. The other emission layer can be designed to emit infrared radiation. Furthermore, it is possible for all the emission layers of the radiation-emitting region to emit colored light. In this case, different emission layers can emit light of different colors, which is mixed for an external observer to form mixed light, for example white mixed light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the light-emitting diode comprises in a radiation-emitting region at least one emission layer suitable for emitting light from the spectral range for infrared light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the light-emitting diode comprises in a radiation-emitting region at least one emission layer suitable for emitting light from the spectral range for red light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the light-emitting diode comprises in a radiation-emitting region at least one emission layer suitable for emitting light from the spectral range for blue light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the light-emitting diode comprises in a radiation-emitting region at least one emission layer suitable fur emitting, light from the spectral range for green light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a first emission layer in the radiation-emitting region which emits red light, a second emission layer which emits green light, and also a third emission layer which emits blue light. 
     In this case, the emission layers can be arranged to form a layer stack in the radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode. The emission layer facing the anode contains, for example, a matrix material suitable for transporting holes. The emitter material is then introduced into the matrix material. 
     The emission layer facing a cathode of the organic light-emitting diode then preferably contains a matrix material suitable for transporting electrons, the emitter material being introduced into said matrix material. 
     The emission layer arranged between the other two emission layers then preferably contains both a material suitable for transporting holes and a further material suitable for transporting electrons. For this purpose, charge transporting layers respectively comprising a first and a second matrix material are preferably arranged between the emission layers. The first matrix material is then a hole transporting matrix material, and the second matrix material is an electron conducting matrix material. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a radiation-emitting region having at least three emission layers which emit white mixed light during operation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is a transparent organic light-emitting diode. In this case, all the layers of the organic light-emitting diode are embodied in radiation-transmissive fashion. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is embodied in pellucid fashion. That is to say that electromagnetic radiation that passes through the organic light-emitting diode is hardly scattered or not scattered at all therein. If an organic light-emitting diode embodied in pellucid fashion in this way is placed for example onto a sheet of paper with printed text, then the text can still be read through the organic light-emitting diode. Preferably, at most 50% of the electromagnetic radiation passing through in the wavelength range of visible light is scattered and/or absorbed upon passing through the organic light-emitting diode. Particularly preferably, at most 25% of the electromagnetic radiation passing through in the wavelength range of visible light is scattered and/or absorbed upon passing through the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is embodied in radiation-transmissive fashion such that at least 50% of the radiation passing through is not absorbed in the organic light-emitting diode. Preferably, at least 75% of the radiation passing through is not absorbed in the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is an organic light-emitting diode which emits on both sides. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode emits electromagnetic radiation from two radiation exit areas of the organic light-emitting diode during operation. The radiation exit areas can be arranged parallel to one another. Preferably, a radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode is situated between the two radiation exit areas. In this case, the organic light-emitting diode can be embodied as radiation-transmissive or non-radiation-transmissive. The organic light-emitting diode can furthermore be suitable for emitting electromagnetic radiation having mutually different wavelengths from both radiation passage areas. By way of example, visible light can pass through one radiation passage area, whereas infrared radiation passes through the other radiation passage area. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one charge transporting layer which comprises a hole transporting matrix material and an electron transporting matrix material. The charge transporting layer is then suitable for transporting both holes and electrons. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a radiation-transmissive electrode having a first layer composed of a first TCO material, a second layer, composed of a second TCO material, and also a third layer, which is arranged between first and second layers and is embodied as a transparent metal layer. In this case, the first and second TCO materials preferably differ from one another. The layers can directly adjoin one another. In this case, the thickness of the metal layer is, for example, between at least 1 nm and at most 50 nm. particularly preferably between at least 20 nm and at most 40 nm. The thin metal layer can be made so thin that it is netlike. In this case, it is possible that the first TCO layer and the second TCC) layer can be situated in openings of the thin metal layer in direct contact with one another, to this case, the organic light-emitting diode can have, for example, an anode author a cathode embodied in each case in the layer construction described. If both electrodes of the organic light-emitting diode are embodied in the manner described, then the organic light-emitting diode can be a radiation-transmissive, a transparent or a pellucid organic light-emitting diode. Furthermore, the organic light-emitting diode can then be an organic light-emitting diode which emits on both sides and which is not embodied as radiation-transmissive, but rather emits electromagnetic radiation through both electrodes. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has a different color expression in the switched-off operating state than in the switched-on operating state. By way of example, the organic light-emitting diode can appear bluish in the switched-off operating state, whereas it emits white light in the switched-on operating state. Furthermore, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode to give a different color impression in each case from two main areas, for example from two radiation passage areas, in the switched-off state. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is a transparent organic light-emitting diode which emits on both sides and which appears colored from both emission sides in the switched-off operating state and emits white light in the switched-on state. In this case, the colored impression can be different at the two emission sides of the organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, the organic light-emitting diode can appear red from one side, whereas it appears blue from the other side. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is encapsulated. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode has at least one encapsulation which permits a seal of the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode against environmental influences, such as moisture or atmospheric gases. The functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode are, for example, electrodes, charge carrier barrier layers, charge carrier transport layers and/or radiation-emitting layers such as emission layers. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one first carrier. The first carrier can be a rigid carrier. By way of example, the first carrier is then formed from a glass, from a ceramic material or a metal. Furthermore, the first carrier can be a flexible carrier. The first carrier is then formed for example from a film or from a laminate. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a second carrier alongside a first carrier. In this case, the second carrier can be formed from the same materials as the first carrier. Furthermore, it is possible for the first and second carriers to be formed from different materials. At least one of the carriers is at least partly transmissive to electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the first carrier and the second carrier are formed with a glass. That is to say that the first carrier and the second carrier contain a glass or consist of a glass. By way of example, both carriers then consist of the same glass. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one carrier formed with a borosilicate glass. The organic light-emitting diode can comprise two carriers, for example, which consist of this glass. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one carrier formed from a soda-lime glass. By way of example, the organic light-emitting diode then comprises two carriers consisting of this glass. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a first carrier, which is embodied as radiation-transmissive, and a second carrier, which is embodied as non-radiation-transmissive. By way of example, the second carrier is embodied as reflective and/or absorbent for electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a first carrier and also a second carrier. Functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode are arranged between first and second carriers. Furthermore, the first carrier and the second carrier are connected to one another by means of a connecting means, which laterally encloses the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode and connects the two carriers to one another. In other words, the connecting means and the two Gathers form a cavity, in which the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode are arranged. The connecting means, the first carrier and the second carrier constitute the encapsulation or a part of the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the connecting means comprises a glass solder material. By way of example, the connecting means is formed by a glass solder material. The glass solder material can directly adjoin the first and/or the second carrier at least in places. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the connecting means comprises a glass fit material. By way of example, the connecting means is formed by a glass frit material. The glass frit material can directly adjoin the first and/or the second carrier at least in places. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the connecting means comprises an adhesive. By way of example, the connecting means is formed by an adhesive. The adhesive can directly adjoin the first and/or the second carrier at least in places. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, both the first carrier and the second carrier are embodied as radiation-transmissive, transparent or pellucid. Such carriers are particularly well suited to the formation of radiation-transmissive, transparent or pellucid organic light-emitting diodes. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, at least one part of the encapsulation for the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode is formed by an insulation layer, which can contain at least one of the following electrically insulating materials: resist, epoxy resin, silicon oxide, silicon nitride. Alongside its properties for encapsulating the functional layers of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the insulation layer can also serve for electrically insulating the first electrode of the organic light-emitting diode from a second electrode of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has at least one thin-film encapsulation which forms at least one part of the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode. The thin-film encapsulation can produce a basic impermeability with respect to environmental influences, such as moisture and atmospheric gases, for the functional layers of&#39;the organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, the thin-film encapsulation is produced by applying oxide and/or nitride layers to functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. The application can be effected by means of a PEC VD method, for example. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a diffusion barrier for the purpose of encapsulation. The diffusion barrier can be formed for example from an amorphous material, such as amorphous silicon dioxide, for example, the diffusion barrier can be applied by means of atmospheric pressure plasma, for example, to functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode and/or an insulation layer and/or a thin-film encapsulation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has an encapsulation comprising at least one first layer embodied as thin-film encapsulation, and also a second layer embodied as diffusion barrier. Preferably, these two layers then directly adjoin one another at least in places, wherein, for example, the thin-film encapsulation is applied to functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode and the diffusion barrier is applied to the thin-film encapsulation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a diffusion barrier having a thickness of at least 50 nm and at most 1000 nm, preferably of at least 100 nm and at most 250 nm. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a diffusion barrier for the purpose of encapsulation, said diffusion barrier having at least two individual layers, wherein the individual layers are deposited one above the other. Preferably, each of the individual layers has a thickness of at least 50 nm and at most 100 nm. In this case, the diffusion barrier can be constructed from individual layers consisting in each case of silicon dioxide or alternately of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has a resist layer for the purpose encapsulation. The resist layer can be used for example as an alternative or in addition to a diffusion barrier. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has a layer stack composed of a resist layer and a thin-film encapsulation, which are used for sealing the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, the resist layer is arranged directly onto the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. The thin-film encapsulation is then arranged directly on the resist layer. By way of example, the thin-film encapsulation then encloses the resist layer at all exposed areas of the thin-film encapsulation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode comprises a pre-encapsulation layer, which can serve as a planarization layer for a thin-film encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, the pre-encapsulation layer is a transparent oxide or a radiation-transmissive adhesive. The pre-encapsulation layer can then cover a thin-film encapsulation in places, for example. Preferably, the pre-encapsulation layer then covers the thin-film encapsulation at all exposed outer areas of the thin-film encapsulation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises as encapsulation at least one first carrier and one second carrier which are connected to one another by means of a connecting means, which laterally encloses the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. At the same time, the encapsulation comprises between the two carriers at least one of the f 011 owing layers or encapsulation possibilities: insulation layer, resist layer, pre-encapsulation layer, thin-film encapsulation layer, and/or diffusion barrier. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least one encapsulation layer sequence having at least two encapsulation layers for the purpose of encapsulation. By way of example, the encapsulation layer sequence has at least one first encapsulation layer, which can be applied by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. In this case, the first encapsulation layer can directly adjoin the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode at least in places. Alternatively, the first encapsulation layer can be applied for example by means of deposition methods such as physical vapor deposition, sputtering or the like. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the first encapsulation layer of the encapsulation layer sequence has a thickness of at least 50 nm, preferably at least 100 nm, particularly preferably of at least 1 μm. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the encapsulation layer sequence comprises at least one second encapsulation layer which can be arranged directly on the first encapsulation layer. That is to say that the second encapsulation layer can be in direct contact with the first encapsulation layer. By way of example, the second encapsulation layer covers the entire exposed outer area of the first encapsulation layer. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a second encapsulation layer deposited onto a first encapsulation layer by means of atomic layer deposition for the purpose of encapsulation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the second encapsulation layer has a thickness of at least 1 nm, preferably of at least 10 nm, and at most 30 nm. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a first carrier encapsulated at least in places with the encapsulation layer sequence haying a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer. The first carrier can be a flexible carrier, for example, which is formed by a plastic film or a laminate. That is to say that the encapsulation layer sequence can also be used for hermetically sealing carriers for functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the entire organic light-emitting diode is covered with the encapsulation layer sequence all around. In this case, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode to comprise a first carrier, a second carrier and also a connecting means, which form a first encapsulation for the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. The encapsulation layer sequence can then be arranged in places or completely at the exposed outer areas of first carrier, second carrier and/or connecting means. Furthermore, it is also possible for the functional layers additionally or alternatively to be sealed directly with the encapsulation layer sequence. That is to say that the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode then directly adjoin the encapsulation layer sequence. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises the encapsulation layer sequence having a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer for the purpose of encapsulation, wherein the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer each comprise an inorganic material, the first encapsulation layer is arranged directly on functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode, and the second encapsulation layer is arranged directly on the first encapsulation layer. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises the encapsulation layer sequence having a first encapsulation layer, a second encapsulation layer and a third encapsulation layer for the purpose of encapsulation, wherein the third encapsulation layer is arranged directly on the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode, the first encapsulation layer is arranged directly on the third encapsulation layer, the second encapsulation layer is arranged directly on the first encapsulation layer, the first and second encapsulation layers each comprise an inorganic material, and the third encapsulation layer comprises an amorphous inorganic material. In this case, it is possible for the second and third encapsulation layers to be embodied identically. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises the encapsulation layer sequence having a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer each comprise an inorganic material, the second encapsulation layer is arranged directly on the first encapsulation layer, and the encapsulation layer sequence is hermetically impermeable at a temperature of greater than or equal to 60°C. and at a relative air humidity of greater than or equal to 85% for longer than 500 hours. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer of the encapsulation layer sequence for encapsulating the organic light-emitting diode each have a volume structure, wherein the volume structure of the second encapsulation layer is independent of the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer. In this case, the volume structure of the second encapsulation layer preferably has a higher amorphicity than the volume structure of first encapsulation layer. Particularly preferably, the second encapsulation layer is amorphous. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the second encapsulation layer of the encapsulation layer sequence comprising first encapsulation layer and second encapsulation layer has a thickness having a thickness variation which is independent of a surface structure and or a volume structure of the first encapsulation layer sequence. In this case, the thickness variation is preferably less than or equal to 10%, 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises an encapsulation layer sequence having a plurality of first encapsulation layers and a plurality of second encapsulation layers for the purpose of encapsulation, wherein the first and the second encapsulation layers are applied alternately one directly above another. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the encapsulation layer sequence completely encloses the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode. In this case, the encapsulation layer sequence can also completely enclose a first and/or a second carrier. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has a first carrier and a second carrier, and also the encapsulation layer sequence arranged between first and second carriers, for the purpose of encapsulation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic: light-emitting diode has a first carrier and a second carrier and also a connecting means, which connects first and second carriers to one another, for the purpose of encapsulation. Furthermore, the organic light-emitting diode has the encapsulation layer sequence having at least two encapsulation layers, which covers and thus encapsulates an interface between the connecting means and the first carrier and/or the second carrier. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode has a protective layer arranged between an organic layer sequence of the organic light-emitting diode and an electrode of the organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, said protective layer is a sputtering protective layer that protects the organic layer sequence against damage during the Sputtering of electrode material onto the organic layer sequence. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the sputtering protective layer contains or consists of a transition metal oxide. In this case, the sputtering protective layer can be in direct contact with an electrode of the organic light-emitting diode and/or an organic layer of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the light emitted through at least one radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode does not have a Lambertian emission characteristic. By way of example, this electromagnetic radiation then has a directional emission profile. That is to say that in this case the emission of electromagnetic radiation is not symmetrical, rather an intensified emission in the direction of a main emission direction takes place. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode comprises a structured radiation exit area. By way of example, the radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode is structured into a multiplicity of prisms arranged parallel to one another. The radiation exit area can then have first areas and second areas, for example, wherein the first areas are inclined by a first angle relative to a plane miming for example parallel to a main extension plane of the organic layer sequence of the organic light-emitting diode. The second areas are then inclined by second angles relative to said plane. 
     By way of example, a carrier of the organic light-emitting diode is correspondingly structured in order to form the structured radiation exit area. Furthermore, it is possible for the encapsulation layer sequence, for example the second encapsulation layer to be correspondingly structured. Furthermore, it is also possible for a correspondingly structured layer to be applied for example on a carrier for the organic light-emitting diode or some other encapsulation for the organic: light-emitting diode. That is to say that the structured radiation exit area can be formed by the structuring of an element of the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode. However, it is also possible for the structured radiation exit area, for example in the form of a further layer, to be applied as an independent element onto the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode is structured into a multiplicity of prisms arranged parallel to one another. In this case, the prisms preferably have macroscopic orders of magnitude in one direction. In this direction, the length of the prisms can be at least 1 cm, preferably at least 1 decimeter. In a direction perpendicular thereto, the prisms can have an order of magnitude which is in the submillimeters range, such that no diffraction effects can occur at the prisms in this direction. By way of example, the length of the prisms in this direction is 500 μm or less. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, an irradiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode is structured into a multiplicity of first areas and second areas, wherein the first areas are embodied as radiation-transmissive and the second areas are embodied as reflective. In this way, electromagnetic. radiation can leave the radiation passage area only through the first areas. As a result, a directional emission is effected through the first radiation passage area, in a manner dependent on the first angle by which the first areas are inclined. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the organic light-emitting diode, the organic light-emitting diode is an organic light-emitting diode which emits on both sides and which has two radiation passage areas arranged at opposite sides of the organic light-emitting diode. In this embodiment, it is possible for both of the radiation exit areas to be structured in the manner described. That is to say that directional electromagnetic radiation is then emitted by the organic light-emitting diode through both radiation exit areas. Furthermore, it is also possible, however, for only one of the radiation exit areas to be structured in the manner described. Electromagnetic radiation having a Lambertian emission characteristic is then emitted by the organic light-emitting diode from the other radiation exit area, for example. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, for the purpose of generating directional electromagnetic radiation, a radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode is not structured, rather for example the top side of a carrier of the organic light-emitting diode, to which carrier the functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode are applied, is structured. By way of example, the carrier is then structured into a multiplicity of parallel prisms having first areas and second areas, which are arranged in a manner tilted with respect to one another. The functional layers can then be applied to the first and/or to the second areas at the top side of the carrier. In this case, it is possible that functional layers which are arranged on different areas can be driven separately from one another. It is thus possible to realize for example an organic light-emitting diode which alternately emits electromagnetic radiation in two different main extension directions. In A simple case, the separate drivability can be achieved by virtue of at least one electrode of the organic light-emitting diode not being arranged continuously overs the entire organic layer sequence, but rather being separated into regions corresponding to the individual areas of the structured carrier. By means of the angle that the areas of the structured carrier form with one another and also the basic area of the respective areas it is possible to set a specific desired emission characteristic, that is to say a desired emission direction and emission intensity of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the organic light-emitting diode during operation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is provided for illuminating an area to be illuminated, on which the organic light-emitting diode is fixed at least indirectly. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode is arranged at least indirectly on an element to be illuminated having an area to be illuminated. In this case, the organic light-emitting diode can be adhesively bonded onto the element to be illuminated by means of a transparent adhesive, for example. Other fixing methods such as hook and loop fasteners, screw connections, clamping connections, press-fit connections or the like are also possible. The organic light-emitting diode is preferably embodied as transparent or pellucid at least in places, such that, in the switched-off state, the area to be illuminated can be discerned through the organic light-emitting diode. The area to be illuminated can be, for example, the surface of a tile, of a poster, of a slab, of a traffic sign, of an information board, of a sign, of an image, of a mirror, of a glass pane, or of any other element. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is designed for illuminating an area to be illuminated, wherein the organic light-emitting diode emits during operation a first component of electromagnetic radiation, which passes toward the outside directly from the radiation-emitting region of the organic light-emitting diode without impinging beforehand on the area to be illuminated. Furthermore, the radiation has a second component, which, before emerging from the organic light-emitting diode, impinges on the area to be illuminated and has been at least partly reflected by the latter. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the relative ratio of the intensities of the two radiation components mentioned, that is to say of the intensities of indirectly emerging electromagnetic radiation and directly emerging electromagnetic radiation, can be set and chosen by means of an optical cavity and/or by means of first electrodes and second electrodes of the organic light-emitting, diode that are set with different degrees of transparency. 
     In accordance With at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is a transparent or pellucid organic light-emitting diode arranged on an area to be illuminated of an element to be illuminated, wherein the area to be illuminated is visible through the organic light-emitting diode in the switched-off state of the organic light-emitting diode. In the switched-on state, the intensity of the directly emitted electromagnetic radiation in comparison with the indirectly emitted electromagnetic radiation can then be chosen to be so great that the area to be illuminated is no longer discernible. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode can be switched from a transparent operating state to a luminous operating state in which an area arranged behind the organic light-emitting diode is no longer discernible. Such an intensity distribution can be achieved by means of an optical cavity, for example. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is a transparent organic light-emitting diode wherein an electrically switchable optical element is arranged at a radiation exit area. The electrically switchable optical element is, for example, an electrically switchable diffuser or an electrochromic material. Such an arrangement of organic light-emitting diode and electrically switchable element can be used for example in conjunction with an element to be illuminated, wherein the element to be illuminated can be, for example, a mirror or a transparent element such as a glass plate. By means of the electrically switchable optical element, such an arrangement can be switched for example from transparent to opalescent. In this way, a concealing screen that can be switched on and off can be realized, for example, which can also be utilized as a luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the electrically switchable optical element is embodied in structured fashion. That is to say that the electrically switchable optical element is applied in a specific pattern, for example, to a radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode. In this way, by way of example, information or a decoration can be inserted into the beam path of the organic light-emitting diode upon the electrically switchable optical element being switched on and can be masked out again upon the electrically switchable optical element being switched off. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is embodied at least as radiation-transmissive and is arranged with one of its radiation exit areas on a reflective optical element such as a minor or a retroreflector. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, the organic light-emitting diode is embodied in radiation-transmissive fashion and arranged with one of its radiation exit areas on a reflective optical element such as minor or a retroreflector. Furthermore, a color filter is arranged at the opposite radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode. The color filter has, for example, a high transmission for a first spectral subrange of the visible wavelength spectrum and high absorption for a second spectral subrange of the visible wavelength spectrum. An intensity maximum of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the organic light-emitting diode during operation lies within the first spectral subrange transmitted by the color filter. Advantageously, that proportion of the ambient light which is reflected back from the reflective element to the radiation exit area and is coupled out from the organic light-emitting diode in this way produces substantially the same color impression as the light emitted by the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment, an organic light-emitting diode described here comprises a reflective layer which reflects electromagnetic, radiation impinging on the light-emitting diode from outside back in the direction of the radiation exit area of the organic light-emitting diode. The organic light-emitting diode furthermore comprises, at the radiation exit area, a color filter, such that the organic light-emitting diode brings about the same color impression independently of the operating state. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode has the same color impression in the switched-off operating state as in the switched-on operating state. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, a touch sensor is integrated into the organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, the touch sensor is a capacitively or resistively operating touch sensor. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode forms for example a light source and simultaneously an operating element. 
     Luminaires are specified below which are provided for example for general lighting or as lights in road traffic. In this case, the luminaires can comprise organic light-emitting diodes described here as light sources. The luminaires can furthermore comprise any combination of organic light-emitting diodes described as light sources. Furthermore, it is also possible to combine the luminaires described here or elements of the luminaires described here to form further luminaires. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment d a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode in accordance with at least one embodiment described here. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is designed for general lighting and furthermore has a wake-up function. That is to say that the luminaire can be operated in the manner of an alarm clock in one operating state of the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises a driving device, by means of which an activation time—for example a wake-up time—can be set by the user of the luminaire. At said activation time, the luminaire then starts to emit light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is designed for general lighting and as an alarm clock, wherein the luminaire comprises at least one transparent, pellucid organic light-emitting diode in accordance with at least one of the previous embodiments. The organic light-emitting diode can be arranged, for example, in front of an area to be illuminated, which is visible through the organic light-emitting diode in the switched-off operating state of the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire comprises a driving device, which, starting from a specific activation time, increases the light intensity of the light emitted by the luminaire, for example continuously. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises a driving device, which is designed to increase, starting from an activation time, the light intensity of the light emitted by the luminaire in steps, wherein for predeterminable times, the luminaire generates light having a constant light intensity, which is increased in predeterminable time intervals. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is designed to generate light having a light intensity of between zero and at least 1000 cd, preferably at least 5000 cd, particularly preferably at least 10 000 cd. By way of example, for this purpose the luminaire comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode having a phosphorescent emitter material in its radiation-generating region. The organic light-emitting diode can also comprise fluorescent emitter materials in its radiation-generating region, in addition to the phosphorescent emitter material. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least one touch-sensitive operating element which can be operated by the user of the luminaire by means of a touch sensor. The operating element can be arranged for example in a radiation exit area of the luminaire. Particularly preferably, an organic light-emitting diode in accordance with at least one of the previous embodiments which has an integrated touch sensor is employed for forming the touch-sensitive operating element. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire can be operated by means of a remote control. By way of example, the remote control can exchange information with the luminaire by means of radio or infrared radiation. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire is subdivided into a multiplicity of segments. By way of example, different segments can be suitable for generating electromagnetic radiation having different wavelengths. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises a driving device, which is designed to increase the color temperature of the light emitted by the luminaire continuously or in steps. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire is designed to generate light, preferably white light having color temperatures of at least 4000 K to color temperatures of at most 25 000 K. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises a driving device, which is designed to increase the light intensity and also the color temperature of the light generated by the luminaire during operation in steps or continuously, wherein the light intensity is increased, for example, as the color temperature is increased. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is designed to simulate a sunrise in time-lapse fashion, That is to say that, starting from a specific start time, the luminaire generates white light, in the case of which the color temperature is increased continuously or in steps from at least 4000 K to at most 25 000 K, to the light intensity is simultaneously increased from 0 cd to a maximum of 10 000 cd. In this case, the rise in, the color temperature can take place at the same tittle or independently of a rise in the light intensity. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves as a splash guard alongside its use as a light for general lighting. By way of example, the luminaire forms the part of a shower cubicle. Thus, the luminaire can form the part of a wall of a shower cubicle or can be arranged on a wall of the shower cubicle. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire to form the wall for the shower cubicle. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire comprises at least two carriers between which at least one organic light-emitting diode or functional layers of an organic light-emitting diode are arranged. In this case, preferably at least one of the carriers is embodied such that it scatters light diffusely, with the result that the luminaire is not pellucid, but rather also serves as a concealing screen. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode having at least one double encapsulation. In this case, double encapsulation means that at least two of the possibilities described here for encapsulating an organic light-emitting diode are used in combination in order, in this way, to obtain a particularly well hermetically sealed organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire described here, the luminaire is designed to come directly into contact with water. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is designed to be adhesively bonded in the sense of a transfer onto the wall of a shower cubicle. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least one inorganic light-emitting diode as light source of the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode as light source and also at least one inorganic light-emitting diode as light source. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has at least one carrier formed with a radiation-transmissive material suitable for guiding light. By way of example, the carrier is a glass plate. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, at least one inorganic light-emitting diode is :arranged at the carrier of the luminaire, said carrier being embodied as an optical wave aide, said at least one inorganic light-emitting diode coupling electromagnetic radiation into the optical waveguide. The electromagnetic radiation coupled in can, for example, be distributed in the optical waveguide and be emitted toward the outside by the latter over a large area. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has an operating state in which infrared radiation is generated. By way of example, the infrared radiation is used for warming a user of the luminaire, for deicing a pane or for heating a moist environment. For example, by means of the infrared radiation, the user of a shower cubicle comprising the luminaire can be warmed and/or the shower cubicle can be dried by means of the infrared radiation after the conclusion of showering. In this case, the infrared radiation can be generated by at least one inorganic or by at least one organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire is suitable for emitting ultraviolet radiation during operation. By way of example, the ultraviolet radiation is generated by at least one inorganic light-emitting diode of the luminaire. In this case, the ultraviolet radiation can be used for tanning a user of the luminaire and/or for disinfecting the environment of the luminaire. By way of example, a luminaire embodied as a splash guard in a shower or integrated in a shower head can be used in this way. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire is integrated in a shower or in a bath tub. By way of example, the luminaire forms a splash guard or is part of a shower head. The luminaire can then serve as an indicating device for the water temperature. By way of example, the luminaire can be suitable for emitting blue light, which indicates cold water. Furthermore, the luminaire can be suitable for emitting red light, which indicates hot water, and mixed colors comprising red and blue components for indicating warm water. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the color locus, the light intensity and/or the color temperature can be adjustable by means of the mixing faucet of a water supply. For this purpose, the mixing faucet is connected to a driving device for the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire can comprise a touch-sensitive operating element, by means of which, in addition to operating states of the luminaire, it is also possible to set the water temperature and or the water pressure for example in a shower cubicle or in a bath tub. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves as a light for general lighting and forms at least the part of a spray or shower head. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is in direct contact with water during operation. That is to say that, for example, water washes around a carrier of the luminaire. In this case, water can wash around the luminaire while the latter is in a switched-on operating state. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is in direct contact with water, wherein the water serves as an optical waveguide for the electromagnetic radiation generated by the luminaire. That is to say that the light generated by the luminaire during operation is at least partly coupled into at least one water jet in which it can propagate like in an optical waveguide. In this way it is possible—for example upon illumination of a multiplicity of water jets with different colors—to give the impression of a rainbow. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode having an opening. In this case, the opening preferably extends continuously from one main side of the organic light-emitting diode to the opposite main side of the organic light-emitting diode. The opening can be closed at the edge with a connecting means such as a glass solder material or a glass frit. Furthermore, it is possible to employ even further measures for sealing the organic light-emitting diode in the region of the opening, such as an encapsulation layer sequence, is thin-film encapsulation, a diffusion barrier or the like. Preferably, water flows through the opening in at least one operating state of the organic light-emitting diode. In this case, it is also possible for the organic light-emitting diode to have a multiplicity of openings through which water can flow during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire, alongside a light for general lighting, is a mirror and also a display device for displaying simple graphical elements. In this case, the luminaire can be used for example as a bathroom mirror or wardrobe mirror. The luminaire preferably has at least three operating states: a first operating state, in which the luminaire serves for general lighting and emits light, a second operating state, in which the luminaire actively emits no electromagnetic radiation and serves as a minor, and also a third operating state, in which the luminaire displays simple graphical elements such as patterns or the like. In the third operating state, the luminaire can additionally serve as a minor and/or for general lighting, wherein the emitted light intensity is then preferably reduced in comparison with the first operating state. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises a structured electrically switchable element. The electrically switchable element is structured in accordance with a predetermined pattern, for example. If the electrically switchable optical element is operated in a switched-on electrical operating state, for example, the pattern to be represented is visible. The electrically switchable optical element is, for example, an electrically switchable diffuser or an electrochromic material. By way of example, the electrically switchable optical element can be used in a luminaire serving for general lighting and as a mirror. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire can be operated by means of gesture control. That is to say that the luminaire comprises an optical sensor, for example a camera, and also an evaluation circuit for evaluating the signals of the optical sensor. A switch-on, switch-off or other changes of operating states can then be effected by means of gesture control. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire forms a tile or the part of a tile. Preferably, the luminaire is embodied in non-slip fashion in this case. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises two carriers between which spacers are arranged at regular distances. The spacers can be posts or dams, for example, which connect the two carriers to one another. The spacers are, for example, formed with a glass solder or a glass frit material or consist of one of these materials. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves as wall or floor heating. In this case, the luminaire need not necessarily be suitable for generating visible electromagnetic radiation. It is sufficient, for example, if the luminaire comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode suitable for generating infrared radiation. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire to comprise organic light-emitting diodes which emit infrared radiation and also organic light-emitting diodes which emit visible light. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire to comprise at least one organic light-emitting diode which comprises, in its radiation-generating region, an emission layer comprising an infrared-emitting emitter material, and also at least one emission layer comprising an emitter material which emits colored light. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminaire, the luminaire is embodied in flexible fashion and can be applied to a carrier in the manner of a transfer. By way of example, the carrier is an element to be illuminated. In this case, the luminaire can be embodied such that it is transparent and emits on both sides, such that the element to he illuminated by the luminaire is visible during the operation of the luminaire. By way of example, the luminaire can, in this way, be adhesively bonded onto a tile which is presented in a manner highlighted by means of the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire can be operated by means of induction or capacitive driving. That is to say that, in this case, the luminaire has no external connection conductors that are connected to a current source. Rather, the luminaire comprises for example an antenna suitable for picking up electromagnetic radiation, with which the luminaire is operated. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, a large-area luminaire having a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1 s involved. In this case, the organic light-emitting diodes can be arranged for example in a combined series and parallel circuit. The large-area, segmented luminaire can form, for example, a ceiling light or solar protection. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least two organic light-emitting diodes which are suitable for generating light of mutually different colors. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least two organic light-emitting diodes which are mechanically connected to one another by means of connection conductors. Alongside a mechanical stabilization of the luminaire, the connection conductors then also serve for making electrical contact with the organic light-emitting diodes of the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is embodied in flexible fashion, such that it is bendable. In this case, it is possible for the luminaire to maintain its form after bending. That is to say that the luminaire can be brought to a desired form by the user of the luminaire by bending, for example. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a luminous area comprising an area content of at least 0.1 m 2 . 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a luminous area having an area content of at least 0.5 m 2 . 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a luminous area having an area content of at least 1.0 m 2 . 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a luminous area having an area content of at least 2.5 m 2 . 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a luminous area having an area content of at least 5.0 m 2 . 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a luminous area having an area content of at least 10.0 m 2 . 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves for covering a device used for cooling or heating a room. By way of example, the device is a radiator, an air-conditioning system or a ventilation shaft. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves as a simple temperature indicator. By way of example, the luminaire in this case comprises a temperature sensor, which detects the ambient temperature or the temperature of an object to Which the luminaire is connected. In this case, the luminaire emits light having a color locus and/or a color temperature which is correlated with the measured temperature. 
     By way of example, the luminaire is applied as a covering directly on a radiator. In this case, the luminaire, depending on the temperature of the radiator, can emit bluish light—for a cold radiator—or reddish light—for a warm radiator. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a rear wall comprising at least one cooling device. The cooling device can be, for example, cooling lamellae, cooling channels, or a water cooling system. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire: can be fixed to a further element by means of a fixing means. By way of example, the fixing means is an adhesive strip, a magnet, screws, clamps or a hook and loop fastener. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire has a driving device, by means of Which the luminaire can be operated in a flickering manner. That is to say the luminaire emits light which flickers like a candle. This can be realized, for example, by means of a temporal variation of the current intensity with which the luminaire is operated. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves as a desk lamp for illuminating a work area. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire emits electromagnetic radiation in a directional manner. For this purpose, the luminaire can comprise, for example, an organic light-emitting diode that emits directional light. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire to have a structured radiation exit area that leads to a directional emission of light by means of light refraction and/or light reflection. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is used as a light for general lighting and as a room divider. In this case, the luminaire can be embodied as a large-area luminaire, for example, which is embodied not as transparent and not as pellucid, but rather such that it scatters light diffusely. In this way, the luminaire can also serve as a concealing screen. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is a luminaire which emits on both sides and which is embodied such that it scatters light diffusely. That is to say that the luminaire has at least two oppositely arranged radiation exit areas through which, for example, light can leave the luminaire. In this case, the luminaire is embodied as visually impenetrable, such that it serves as a concealing screen. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is embodied such that it can be rolled up and unrolled. By way of example, for this purpose, the luminaire can be subdivided into individual segments which are each formed by a single organic light-emitting diode or at least two organic light-emitting diodes which, in turn, can be embodied in rigid fashion. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire to be embodied as fully flexible and to be able to be unrolled and rolled up in this way. In this case, the luminaire can comprise, for example, a single organic light-emitting diode embodied in flexible fashion. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire also serves for sound insulation alongside its property as a light for general lighting. By way of example, in this case, t e luminaire comprises an insulating material ::suitable for acoustic insulation. 
     In Accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is embodied as a louver. The luminaire in this case comprises, for example:, a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes which are electrically contact-connected and mechanically connected to one another by means of a holding device. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire serves for room darkening awl/or as a concealing screen. That is to say that the luminaire can have a radiation exit area facing away from a window, for example. That side of the luminaire which faces away from the radiation exit area can comprise a radiation-absorbing or radiation-reflecting area facing the window. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, at least parts of the luminaire form an enclosure having at least one side wall and, if appropriate, a top. The luminaire or at least parts of the luminaire can then form, for example, a changing cubicle, a passenger shelter, a rain shelter or the like. By way of example, all the walls and top parts of the enclosure are formed by at least one luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises a light barrier, by means of Which an operating state of the luminaire can be switched. By way of example, the luminaire: can be switched on or off by means of the light barrier. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire forms a dividing wall in an open-plan office. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire forms solar protection alongside its properties for general lighting. In this case, the luminaire can have, for example, an outer area that faces away from the radiation exit area of the luminaire and is formed in absorbent or reflective fashion. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire comprises at least one solar cell suitable for generating electric current upon irradiation with sunlight. By way of example, the at least one solar cell is arranged on a side of the luminaire which lies opposite the radiation exit area of the luminaire. The luminaire can furthermore comprise a rechargeable battery that can be charged with light of the solar cell. In this way, by way of example, a quantity of current generated during the day by means of the solar cell can serve for generating light in conditions of poor visibility. 
     In Accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is emergency lighting. By way of example, the emergency lighting can be operated by means of solar power generated by the luminaire. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire forms at least part of a garment or of a bag. In this case, the luminaire can comprise at least one organic light-emitting diode with a retroreflector, such that the luminaire increases the visibility of the user of the luminaire even in the switched-off operating state. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is an umbrella. The umbrella can comprise an organic light-emitting diode :and/or at least one inorganic light-emitting diode as light source. Furthermore, it is possible for the umbrella to comprise both inorganic and organic light-emitting diodes as light sources. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire is integrated into the window of a motor vehicle. In this case, it is possible for only parts of the window to comprise an organic light-emitting diode. Furthermore, it is also possible, however, for the entire window of the motor vehicle to be formed by a transparent. organic light-emitting diode. By way of example, all the windows of the motor vehicle can then be formed by organic light-emitting diodes. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire: described here, the luminaire forms an indicator device or a signal light of a motor vehicle. By way of example, the luminaire is a brake light, an indicator light, a rear light or the like. In this case, the luminaire can form at least part of a window of a motor vehicle. 
     In accordance with at least one embodiment of a luminaire described here, the luminaire forms a warning sign or a traffic sign. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The organic light-emitting diodes described here and also the luminaires described here will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in relation to the associated figures. 
         FIG.  1    shows, on the basis of a schematic band diagram, the construction of an organic light-emitting diode in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, the construction of an organic light-emitting diode in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    shows, on the basis a a schematic sectional illustration, the construction of an organic light-emitting diode in accordance with one exemplary embodiment, wherein the organic light-emitting diode  1  emits white light during operation. 
         FIG.  4    shows a transparent first electrode for one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here. 
         FIG.  5    shows a transparent second electrode for one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here. 
         FIGS.  6 A,  6 B,  6 C and  6 D  show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, the construction of organic light-emitting diodes  1 n accordance with different exemplary embodiments which give a desired colored impression in the switched-off operating state. 
         FIG.  7    shows, on the basis of a schematic plan view, one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode encapsulated by means of a connecting means. 
         FIG.  8    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode encapsulated by means of a connecting means. 
         FIG.  9    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, one exemplary embodiment for the encapsulation of an organic light-emitting diode. 
         FIGS.  10  to  13 ,  14 A and  14 B  show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes which are sealed by means of resist layers, insulation layers, diffusion barriers, thin-film encapsulations and/or pre-encapsulation layers. 
         FIGS.  15  to  19    show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes which are sealed by means of an encapsulation layer sequence. 
         FIG.  20    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode with a sputtering protective layer. 
         FIGS.  21  to  25    show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, the construction of organic light-emitting diodes having a directional emission profile in accordance with different exemplary embodiments. 
         FIGS.  26 A,  26 B and  27    show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, the construction of exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes which are used. for illuminating an element to be illuminated. 
         FIG.  28    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, the construction of one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  with a wavelength conversion substance disposed downstream thereof. 
         FIGS.  29  and  30    show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes which each have a retroreflector. 
         FIGS.  31 A and  31 B  show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here wherein the organic light-emitting diode comprises a touch sensor. 
         FIGS.  32 A to  32 I  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire described here which has a wake-up function. 
         FIGS.  33 A to  33 D  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire described here which constitutes a splash guard. 
         FIGS.  34 A,  34 B,  34 C and  35    show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, further exemplary embodiments of a luminaire which constitutes a splash guard. 
         FIGS.  36 ,  37 A,  37 B,  38 ,  39 A,  39 B,  40 A,  4011    show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire described here with a shower head. 
         FIGS.  41 A to  41 D and  42 A to  42 C  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which can be utilized as a minor. 
         FIGS.  43  and  44 A,  44 B  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which can be utilized as a tile. 
         FIGS.  45 A to  45 C and  46 A,  46 B  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which forms a large-area ceiling light. 
         FIGS.  47 A to  47 D,  48  to  49 A,  49 B  show, on the basis of schematic. illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which serves for covering an object. 
         FIGS.  50 A to  50 D  Show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of luminaires  2  described here which can be used as large-area desk lights. 
         FIGS.  51 A,  51 B,  52 A to  52 C and  53    show on the basis of schematic illustrations exemplary embodiments of luminaires  2  described here which can be used as room dividers. 
         FIGS.  54 A to  54 C  show In the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of luminaires  2  described here which can be used as louvers. 
         FIGS.  55 A to  55 D  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of luminaires  2  described here which can be used as changing cubicles. 
         FIGS.  56 A to  56 C  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, air exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which can be used as solar protection. 
         FIGS.  57 A and  57 B  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which forms a bag. 
         FIGS.  58 A and  58 B  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which serves as an emergency light. 
         FIG.  59    shows, on the basis of a schematic illustration, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which can be used as advertising means on vehicles. 
         FIGS.  60 A to  60 D  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, one exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here which serves as an umbrella. 
         FIGS.  61 E to  61 C  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of luminaires which are used as signal lamps in a motor vehicle. 
         FIGS.  62  and  63    show, on the basis of a schematic illustration, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire which is used for illumination in a motor vehicle. 
         FIGS.  64 A to  64 C  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire which is used as a warning sign. 
         FIGS.  65 A to  65 C  show, on the basis of schematic illustrations, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire which Rums rain protection. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Elements which are identical, of identical type or act identically are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures. The figures and the size relationships of the elements illustrated in the figures among one another should not be regarded as to scale. Rather, individual elements may be illustrated with an exaggerated size in order to enable better illustration and/or in order to afford a better understanding. 
       FIG.  1    shows, on the basis of a schematic band diagram, the construction of an organic fight-emitting diode  1  in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a first electrode  101 . The first electrode is an anode, for example, Via the first electrode  1 , positive charge carriers—so-called holes—are impressed into the organic light-emitting diode. 
     The hole transport layer  102  adjoins the first electrode  101 . The hole transport layer  102  transports the positive charge carriers toward the radiation-emitting region  104  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The hole transport layer  102  is succeeded by an electron barrier layer  103 , which prevents the penetration of electrons from the radiation-emitting region  104  into the hole transport layer  102 . 
     The electron barrier layer  3  is succeeded by the radiation-emitting region  104 . During the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , electromagnetic radiation is generated in the radiation-emitting region. Therefore, the emission  108  of electromagnetic radiation occurs in the radiation-emitting region. Preferably, electromagnetic radiation in the spectral range of infrared radiation to LTV radiation is generated in this case. The radiation-emitting region is explained in greater detail for example with reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3   . 
     The radiation-emitting region  104  is succeeded by a hole barrier layer  105 , which prevents the penetration of positive charge carriers into the adjoining electron transport layer  106 . 
     The electron transport layer  106  adjoins the hole barrier layer  105  and transports negative charge carriers—electrons—from the second electrode  107 , embodied as a cathode, to the radiation-emitting region  104 . 
     The hole transport layer  102  and the electron transport layer  106  are first and second charge carrier transport layers. The hole transport layer  102  and the electron transport layer  106  comprise, for example, a matrix material that is p- and n-doped, respectively. 
     Depending on the embodiment of the charge carrier transport layer as hole transport layer  102  or as electron transport layer  106 , the matrix material can be selected from a group comprising phenanthroline derivatives, imidazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, phenyl-containing compounds, compounds comprising condensed aromatics, carbazole-containing compounds, fluorene derivatives, spirofluorene derivatives and pyridine-containing compounds and also combinations of at least two or more of the materials mentioned. 
     For a charge carrier transport layer embodied as hole transport layer  102 , the following matrix materials, in particular, are suitable: 
     N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB), 
     N,N′-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (β NPB), 
     N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (TPD), 
     N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-TPD), 
     N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-NPB), 
     N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-9,9-dimethylfluorene (DMFL-TPD), 
     N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-9,9-dimethylfluorene (DMFL-NPB), 
     N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-9,9-diphenylfluorene (DPFL-TPD), 
     N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-9,9-diphenylfluorene (DPFL-NPB), 
     2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-diphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-TAD), 
     9,9-bis[4-(N,N-bisbiphenyl-4-yl-amino)phenyl]-9H-fluorene (BPAPF), 
     9,9-bis[4-(N,N-bisnaphthalen-2-yl-amino)phenyl]-9H-fluorene (NPAPF), 
     9,9-bis[4-(N,N-bisnaphthalen-2-yl-N,N′-bisphenylamino)phenyl]-9H-fluorene (NPBAPF). 
     2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N-naphthalenyl (phenyl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-2NPB). 
     N,N′-bis(phenanthren-9-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (PAPB), 
     2,7-bis [N,N-bis(9,9-spirobifluorene-2-yl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (spino-S), 
     2,2′-bis[N,N-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (2,2′-spiro-DBP), 
     2,2′-bis(N,N -diphenylamino)-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-BPA). 
     The dopant for the hole transport layer  102  is a p-type dopant and can in this case comprise or be a metal oxide, an organometallic compound, an organic material or a mixture thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the dopant can comprise a plurality of different metal oxides and/or a plurality of different organometallic compounds and/or a plurality of different organic compounds. In particular, the dopant can have Lewis acid character or be a Lewis acid, Lewis acids, that is to say electron pair acceptors, can be particularly well suited to forming charge transfer complexes. 
     The dopant can comprise one or a plurality of metal oxides comprising one or a plurality of metals, wherein the metals are selected from tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and rhenium. Particularly preferably, the dopant can comprise one or a plurality of the metal oxides WO 3 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , Re 2 O 7  and Re 2 O 5 . While rhenium pentoxide is suitable for enabling, as dopant, a hole transport layer  102  having a blue color impression, the other metal oxides mentioned are suitable for enabling a yellow to orange-colored color impression. Oxides of rhenium, in particular, are Lewis acids which can readily be evaporated at a temperature of less than 250°C. and at a pressure of 10 −6  mbar and are therefore well suited to a p-type doping. It has been possible to show experimentally that the doping properties with regard to the electronic properties of the hole transport layer  102  of rhenium pentoxide and rhenium heptoxide differ only little, such that metal oxides of this type can be chosen depending on a predetermined color impression. The other metal oxides mentioned exhibit similar processing properties for p-type doping. 
     Furthermore, the dopant for the p-type doping of the hole transport layer  102  can also comprise organometallic compounds haying Lewis acid character. Particularly in the case of organometallic compounds or complexes having an impeller structure, the Lewis acid character of the axial position is particularly pronounced. 
     Furthermore, the organometallic compounds can comprise ruthenium and/or&#39;rhodium. By way of example, the dopant can comprise as organometallic compound a trifluoroacetate (TFA), for example dirhodium tetratrifluoroacetate (Rh 2 (TFA) 4 ), which (NPB) can give a bluish color impression or the isoelearonic ruthenium compound Ru 2 (TFA) 2 (CO) 2 , which enables an orange-colored color impression. 
     Furthermore, the dopant for p-type doping can comprise organic materials which comprise aromatic functional groups or are aromatic organic materials. In particular, the dopant can comprise aromatic materials having a pronounced number of fluorine and/or cyanide (CN) substituents. 
     For a charge carrier transport layer embodied as electron transport layer  106 , the following matrix materials, in particular, are also suitable: 
     8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Lig), 
     2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzamidazole) (TPBi), 
     2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 
     2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 
     4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen), 
     bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolate)-4-(phenylphenolato)aluminum (BAlq), 
     1,3-bis[2-(2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene (Bpy-OXD), 
     6,6′-bis [ 5 -(biphenyl-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl]-2,2′-bipyridyl (BP-OXD-Bpy), 
     3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 
     4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 
     2,9-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (NBphen), 
     2,7-bis [2-(2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]-9,9-dimethylfluorene (Bby-FOXD), 
     1,3-bis [2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene (OXD-7). 
     For an electron transport layer  106 , the matrix material is n-doped. That can mean that the dopant enables an n-type doping of the matrix material of the first charge carrier transport layer. In particular, the dopant can be embodied as an electron donor having a low ionization potential, that is to say a high-level HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital). 
     In this case, the dopant can comprise or be an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, an organometallic compound or a mixture thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the dopant can comprise a plurality of different alkali metal salts and/or a plurality of different alkaline earth metal salts and/or a plurality of different organometallic compounds. In particular, the dopant can comprise a carbonate. Furthermore, the dopant can particularly preferably comprise cesium. Cs2CO3, for example, can give a bluish color impression in BCP or in BPhen as matrix material. 
     Furthermore, the dopant for n-type doping can comprise a metallocene, that is to say an organometallic compound comprising a metal M and two cyclopentadienyl radicals (Cp) in the form M(Cp) 2 . Alternatively or additionally, the dopant can also comprise a metal-hydropyrimidopyrimidine complex. The metal can comprise or be tungsten, molybdenum and/or chromium, for example. 
     By way of example, chromocene or decamethylchromocene can enable grey-colored color impressions for an n-doped electron transport layer  106 , while organometallic compounds comprising 1,2,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (hpp) such as, for instance W 2 (hpp) 4  Mo 2 (hpp) 4  and Cr 2 (hpp) 4  enable red to orange-colored color impressions. 
     The matrix materials of the charge oilier transport layers  102 ,  106  mentioned here and the dopants mentioned here for the matrix materials can form charge transfer complexes which absorb part of an electromagnetic radiation incident from outside on the organic light-emitting diode  1  with a first absorption spectrum and, in a switched-off electronic operating state, bring about a predetermined color impression of the component, which can be perceived by an external observer through the first electrode  101 , for example. In this case, the matrix material and the dopant form electron-donor-acceptor complexes, the absorption bands of which preferably lie in the visible wavelength range. In this case, the absorption band of the charge transfer complexes is dependent on the respective energetic position of their HOMOs (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) and LUMOs (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) relative to one another. Consequently, in addition to the charge carrier conductivity for holes and/or for electrons, the charge transfer complexes can have the first absorption spectrum, which can enable the predetermined color impression. 
     Through a suitable choice of the matrix material and of the dopant, at least of the charge carrier transport layer adjoining a radiation-transmissive or transparent electrode, it is possible to ensure electronic properties with regard to the electronic functionality of the organic light-emitting diode, such as, for instance, electrical conductivity and/or the charge carrier injection, and at the same time the predetermined color impression for the desired external appearance, at least in the switched-off electronic operating state (in this respect, also see the exemplary embodiments in  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ). 
     The first electrode  101  is a transparent anode, for example. The first electrode  101  is therefore preferably at least partly transmissive to electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 . Preferably, the first electrode  101  is transparent to said radiation. In this case, the first electrode can, for example, comprise a transparent conductive oxide or consist of a transparent conductive oxide. Transparent conductive oxides (“TCO” for short) are transparent conductive materials, generally metal oxides, such as, for example, zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO). Alongside binary metal-oxygen compounds such as, for example ZnO, SnO 2  or In 2 O 3 , ternary metal-oxygen compounds such as, for example, Zn 2 SnO 4 , CdSnO 3 , ZnSnO 3 , MgIn 2 O 4 , GaInO 3 , Zr 2 In 2 O 5  or In 4 Sn 3 O 12  or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides also belong to the group of TCOs. Furthermore, the TCOs do not necessarily correspond to a stoichiometric composition and can also be p- or n-doped. 
     The second electrode  107  can be embodied as a cathode and therefore serve as electron-injecting material. The second electrode  107  can be a cathode which is configured in reflective fashion and which at least partly reflects electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 . Preferably, the reflectivity is then at least 70%, at least 80% or particularly preferably at least 90%. 
     Inter alia, in particular aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium or lithium and also compounds, combinations and alloys thereof can prove to be advantageous as cathode material. In addition, the second electrode  107  can have, on a side facing the radiation-emitting region  104 , a layer comprising LiF, which has good electron injection properties. Alternatively or additionally, the second electrode can also comprise one of the abovementioned TCOs or a layer sequence composed of TCO layers and a metal layer. The second electrode  107  can then likewise be transparent. 
     Alternatively, the first electrode  101  can also be embodied as a cathode, and the second electrode  107  as an anode. 
     The electron barrier layer  103  can contain or consist of, for example, α-NPD (N,N′-di-1-naphthyl-N,N′-diphenyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl). 
     This material has a HOMO of −5±0,4 eV and a LUMO of more than −2.2 eV. The hole mobility is approximately 10 −4  cm 2 /Vs. 
     The hole barrier layer  105  can comprise BCP or BPhen as material. What is important here is the electron mobility of more than 10 −6  cm 2 /Vs, preferably more than 10 −5  cm 2 /Vs, given a very low to even no hole mobility. 
       FIG.  2    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, an enlargement of an excerpt from air organic light-emitting diode  1  described here. In this case,  FIG.  2    shows the radiation-emitting region  104  adjoined by the electron barrier layer  103  and the hole barrier layer  105 . In the present case, the radiation-emitting region  104  comprises an emission layer. The emission layer  101  comprises at least one organic material which is suitable for generating electromagnetic radiation upon energization. 
     By way of example, the material of the emission layer  101  can be suitable for generating infrared radiation. The emission layer  101  then contains, for example, at least one of the following materials: Yb-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline), Er-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline), YbQ3, ErQ3. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the emission layer  101  to comprise emitter materials for generating red, green and/or blue light, which emitter materials can be embedded in matrix materials. By way of example, suitable emitter materials are described in conjunction with  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  3    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, a further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here. It is clarified with reference to  FIG.  3    that the radiation-emitting region  104  can have a plurality a emission layers  111 ,  112 .  113 . 
     The first emission layer  111  is., for example, an emission layer suitable for emitting red light. The emission layer  101  then contains, for example, the following phosphorescent emitter material: Ir(DBQ) 2 acac (iridium(III)bis(2-methyldibenzo-[f,j]quinoxaline)-(acetylacetonate)). This emitter material has a main emission wavelength of above 600 nm, and in the CIE diagram from 1931 an x value of&gt;0.6 and a y value of &lt;0.36. 
     The red emission layer  101  can comprise a matrix that transports holes. One suitable matrix material is α-NPD (N,N′-di-1-naphthyl-N,N′-diphenyl- 4 , 4 ′-diaminobiphenyl), The material has a HOMO of −5.5±0.4 eV and a LUMO of −2.1±0.4 eV. The hole mobility is approximately 10 −4  cm 2 /Vs and the triplet position T1 is above 1.8 eV. 
     The second emission layer  112  is, for example, an emission layer which emits green light during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The emission layer  112  then contains, for example, a green emitter material, which can be embedded in a first and second matrix material. By way of example, Irppy (fac-tris(2-phenylpyridyl)iridium) can be used as green emitter material. The material has a main emission wavelength at 500 to 570 inn, and in the CIE diagram from 1931 an x value of approximately 0.37 and a y value of approximately 0.6. 
     A hole transporting first matrix material in the second emission layer  112  can be, for example, TCTA (4,4′,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine), or it can be CBP (4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl). 
     These materials have a HOMO of −6.0 to −5.3 eV and a LUMO of −2.3±0.1 eV, a T1 of above 2.5 eV and a hole mobility of approximately 10 −4  cm 2 /Vs. 
     An electron conducting second matrix material in the second emission layer  112  is, for example. BCP or BPhen, where the electron mobility should be greater than 10 −5  cm 2 /Vs, preferably 10 −4  cm 2 /Vs. 
     The third emission layer  113  is then, for example, an emission layer which emits blue light during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The blue, third emission layer  113  can be a fluorescent emission layer, comprising the blue fluorescent emitter material DPVBi (4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenylethen-1-yl)-diphenyl). 
     This material has a main emission wavelength at 450 to 770 nm, a full width at half maximum at approximately 60 nm, and in the CIE diagram from 1931 x values of 0.14 to 0.22 and y values of 0.11 to 0.20. 
     The blue emitter material can be present in an electron conducting matrix, which can comprise TBADN (2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene) as material. This material has a HOMO of −5.8 to −5.3 eV and LUMO of 2.5 to −1.8 eV. The band gap is more than 3 eV and the electron mobility is greater than 10 −6  cm2/Vs, preferably greater than 10 −5  cm 2 /Vs. 
     Overall, during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , white mixed light is emitted by the three emission layers  111 ,  112  and  113  in the radiation-emitting region  104 . 
     The first electrode  101  and the second electrode  107  can be chosen as specified in conjunction with  FIG.  1   . Furthermore, the hole transport layer  102 , the electron barrier layer  103 , the hole barrier layer  105  and the electron transport layer  106  can be chosen as described in conjunction with  FIG.  1   . 
     In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG.  3   , the use of at least one of the following matrix materials is advantageous, for example, for the hole transport layer  102 : 1-TNATA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphth-1-yl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine), MTDATA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine), 2-TNATA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-naphth-2-yl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine), α-NPB (N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis-(phenyl)benzidine), β-NPB (N,N′-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine), TPD (N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine), spTAD (2,2′,7,7′-diphenylaminospiro-9,9′-bifluorene), Cu—PC (phthalocyanine-copper complexes), further phthalocyanine-metal complexes, pentacene and TAPC (1,1-bis[(4-phenyl)-bis(4′,4″-methylphenyl)amino]cyclohexane). 
     These materials have a HOMO of −5.2±0.4 eV and a LUMO of −2.2±0.4 eV. The hole mobility is approximately 10 −4  cm 2 /Vs and the conductivity of a doped layer given 2 to 10% by volume of the dopant is approximately 10 −5  S/cm. 
     By way of example, F 4 -TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) serves as dopant in the hole transport layer  102 . Further dopants are molybdenum oxide and rhenium oxide, for example. 
     The electron transport layer  106  can advantageously contain one of the following materials as matrix material or consist of one of the following materials: BPhen, Alq 3 , (tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum), BAlq 2  (bis[2-methyl-8-quinolinato]-[4-phenylphenolato]aluminum(III)), BCP, TPBi (1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene), TAZ (3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole), TAZ2 (3,5-diphenyl-4-naphth-1-yl-1,2,4-triazole), t-Bu-PBD (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), triazine or triazine derivatives. The matrix material has a HOMO of −6.4 to −6.0 eV, a LUMO of −2.3 to −1.8 eV, an electron mobility of more than 10 −6  cm 2 /Vs, preferably more than 10 −5  cm 2 /Vs, and a conductivity in a doped layer (given 6 to 50% by volume of dopant) of 10 −5  S/cm. By way of example, lithium, cesium or calcium can be used as dopant. 
     For all of the layers, of course, other matrix materials, dopants or emitter materials are possible, as are other compositions of the mixed matrix materials. Further materials for emitter materials, transport materials and dopants are possible and can be exchanged at any time. 
     In addition to the exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here, as described in conjunction with  FIG.  1   , the radiation-emitting region  104  in the exemplary embodiment in accordance with  FIG.  3    has a first charge transporting layer  114  and a second charge transporting layer  115 . 
     The first charge transporting layer  114  is arranged between the first red-emitting emission layer ill and the second, green-emitting emission layer  112 . 
     The first charge transporting layer  114  comprises a first and second matrix material, for example. 
     The first matrix material of the first charge transporting layer  114  can comprise a hole transporting matrix material, which can be 1-TNATA or α-NPD, for example. These materials have a HOMO of −5.5±0.6 eV and a LUMO of −2.1±0.4 eV. The hole mobility is approximately 10 −4  cm 2 /Vs and the triplet position T1 is &gt;1.8 eV. 
     An electron conducting second matrix material in the first charge transporting layer  114  can be BCP (2.9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), for example. A further example is BPhen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). 
     These materials have the property that the HOMO is −6.4 to −5.7 eV and the LUMO is −2.3 to −1.8 eV., T1 is &gt;2.5 eV, and the electron mobility is approximately 10 −6  cm 2 /Vs. 
     A second charge transporting layer  115  is arranged between the second emission layer  112 , which emits green light, and the third emission layer  113 , which emits blue light. 
     The second charge carrier transporting layer  115  is composed of a first and a second matrix material. The first matrix material can be a hole transporting matrix material, which can be TCTA or CBP. The second electron conducting matrix material can be BCP or BPhen. 
     In the exemplary embodiment described in conjunction with  FIG.  3   , electromagnetic radiation is emitted through the transparent first electrode  101 , which is embodied as an anode. In this case, the first electrode  101  has a thickness of between 80 nm and 140 nm, for example 120 nm. 
     The hole transport layer  102  preferably has a thickness of between 10 nm and 400 nm. The electron barrier layer  103  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 10 nm. The first emission layer  111  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 15 nm, and the first charge carrier transporting layer  114  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 10 nm. The second emission layer  112  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 15 nm. The second charge carrier transporting layer  115  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 10 nm. The third emission layer  113  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 10 nm. The hole barrier layer  105  preferably has a thickness of between 5 nm and 10 nm. The electron transport layer  106  preferably has a thickness of between 20 nm and 300 nm. The second electrode  107 , embodied as a cathode, preferably has a thickness of between preferably 100 nm and 200 nm. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for first electrode  101  and second electrode  107  in each case to be embodied in transparent fashion. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is then a component which can emit electromagnetic radiation in at least two opposite directions. By way of example, a component which emits white light in two opposite directions can then be involved. Furthermore, such an organic light-emitting diode  1  can be a transparent organic tight-emitting diode. In this case, transparent means that the organic light-emitting diode  1  is transmissive to electromagnetic radiation preferably in the visible frequency range, such that at least 50% of the radiation passing through can pass through the organic light-emitting diode  1 , without being absorbed. In this case, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can also be pellucid. That is to say that the light passing through is not or hardly scattered by the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The organic light-emitting diode in accordance with  FIG.  3    is therefore a radiation-emitting device in which a charge transporting layer is in each case arranged between two emission layers. 
     In this case, the charge transporting layers each comprise a matrix, which comprises a hole conducting and an electron conducting matrix material or is a mixture of a first, hole transporting matrix material and a second, electron transporting matrix material. 
     In conjunction with the schematic sectional illustrations in  FIGS.  4  and  5   , thither exemplary embodiments are described in greater detail for the first electrode  101  ( FIG.  4   ) and the second electrode ( FIG.  5   ). These electrodes can be used in organic light-emitting diodes described here. 
     For this purpose, the first electrode  101  and second electrode  107  preferably both comprise a transparent, electrically conductive oxide (TCO) material. 
     In this case, at least one of the first electrode  101  and second electrode  107  can comprise a layer sequence having a first TCO layer  121  comprising a first transparent, electrically conductive oxide (TCO), a second TCO layer  122  comprising a transparent metal and a third metal layer  120  comprising a second TCO. The layer sequence having two layers each comprising a TCO and a layer in between, embodied as a transparent metal layer, can enable an electrode which has a high transverse conductivity owing to the transparent metal layer  120  and a reduced reflectivity owing to the high refractive index layers  121 ,  122  comprising TCO. For an organic optoelectronic component which is transparent on both sides, that is to say fully transparent, it is also possible for both electrodes  101 ,  107  each to comprise such a layer sequence. What can thereby be achieved, in particular, is that the two transparent electrodes precisely do not form an optical microresonator or form at least a microresonator having a low quality factor. 
     In this case, the first TCO and/or the second TCO can comprise one or more of the abovementioned materials for TCOs. In particular, the first TCO and/or the second TCO can comprise or be composed of ITO, indium zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide and/or zinc oxide. Furthermore, the first and/or the second TC 0  can be doped with aluminum, vanadium and/or gallium or a combination or mixture thereof. A thickness d of a TCO layer  121 ,  122  comprising a TCO can be, in particular, greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm. 
     The transparent metal can comprise aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, silver, platinum, barium, indium, gold, magnesium, calcium or lithium and also compounds, combinations and alloys thereof or consist of one of the abovementioned materials or combinations or alloys thereof. In this case, a metal layer  120  comprising a transparent metal can have a thickness d of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm, in particular greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 40 nm. 
     In particular, the first electrode  101  and/or the second electrode  107  can be embodied in areal fashion or alternatively in a manner structured into first and/or second electrode partial regions. By way of example, the first electrode  101  can be embodied in the form of first electrode strips arranged parallel alongside one another, and the second electrode  107  can be embodied as second electrode strips arranged parallel alongside one another and running perpendicularly to said first electrode strips. Overlaps of the first and second electrode strips can therefore be embodied as separately drivable luminous regions. Furthermore, it is also possible for only the first  101  or the second electrode  107  to be structured. 
     The combination of a transparent metal layer  120  and a transparent TCO layer  121 ,  122  makes it possible to realize a first  101  and/or a second electrode  107  haying both good electrical and good optical properties. 
     In this case, “good electrical properties” can mean that the electrode  101 ,  107  has a low electrical resistance typical of metals and therefore also a good transverse conductivity, that is to say a high electrical conductivity, typical of a metal, along the extension direction of the electrode. In particular, the combination of a transparent metal layer  120  and a transparent TC 0  layer  121 ,  122  makes it possible to achieve a lower electrical resistance and hence a higher transverse conductivity than, for example, with a layer composed of a transparent, electrically conductive oxide alone. 
     “Good optical properties” can mean, in particular, that the electrode has a high transparency and furthermore a low reflectivity, in particular a lower reflectivity than a layer comprising a transparent metal alone. That can be achieved by virtue of the fact that the TCO layer  121 ,  122  can act an antireflection coating. Materials having a high refractive in such as, for instance, dielectric oxides, for instance silicon oxide Or tantalum oxide, and, in particular, transparent, electrically conductive oxides or mixtures thereof can be suitable for this purpose. 
     In this case, a high refractive index can be, for example, a refractive index of greater than or equal to 1.9. By way of example, TCOs can have refractive indices in the range of approximately 1.9 to approximately 2.1. 
     Alternatively Or additionally, the first and/or second electrode can also have one or a plurality of layers suitable for antireflection coating and composed of a further material having a high refractive index, for instance from the region of the tellurides or sulfides, for instance ZnSe having a refractive index of approximately 2.5, Furthermore, the materials mentioned can also be present in combinations or mixtures in the first  101  and/or second electrode  107 . 
       FIGS.  6 A to  6 D  show further exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes  1  described here. 
       FIGS.  6 A and  6 B  show an organic light-emitting diode  1  in a switched-off electronic operating state ( FIG.  6 A ) and in a switched-on electronic operating state ( FIG.  6 B ). 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  has a first carrier  130 , which is embodied in radiation-transmissive fashion. By way of example, the first carrier  130  consists of a glass. On the first carrier  130  are a transparent first electrode  101  and a second electrode  107  arranged. Between the transparent first electrode  101  and the second electrode  107  an organic layer sequence  133  is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the organic light-emitting diode  1  is therefore embodied as a bottom emitter since it can emit through the first carrier  130 . 
     The organic layer sequence  133  has at least one radiation-emitting region  104  and also a hole transport layer  102 . In this case, the hole transport layer  102  is arranged between the first electrode  101  and the radiation-emitting region  104 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the transparent first electrode  101  is embodied from indium tin oxide (ITO) and serves as an anode, while the second electrode  107  has a 0.7 nm thick LiF layer and a 200 nm thick aluminum layer. 
     The hole transport layer  102  comprises a matrix material and a dopant, which form charge transfer complexes. In this case, the charge transfer complexes have a first absorption spectrum. Electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the absorption range can be absorbed by the charge transfer complexes with excitation thereof That part of an electromagnetic radiation incident on the organic light-emitting diode  1  from outside, here indicated by means of the arrows  190 , which corresponds to the absorption spectrum is therefore absorbed, while the non-absorbed part  191  of the electromagnetic radiation  190  can be scattered and reflected by the hole transport layer  102 . As a result, the hole transport layer  102  can be perceived by an external observer and, in the switched-off electronic operating state of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , brings about a predetermined color impression in the form of the electromagnetic radiation  191 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the hole transport layer  102  consists of NPB as matrix material, which is p-doped with 5% Re 2 O 7 . In this case, the dopant is distributed homogeneously in the matrix material. This gives rise to a uniform yellowish color impression in the switched-off operating state. 
     The radiation-emitting region  104  has, for example, a 40 nm thick layer composed of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) a 1 uminum (Alq 3 ) as fluorescent electroluminescent material, which simultaneously serves as electron transport material. Arranged between the hole transport layer  102  and the active region  30  is a 10 nm thick NPB layer  123 , which improves the hole injection from the hole transport layer  102  into the radiation-emitting region  104 . As an alternative thereto, the hole transport layer  102  can also comprise the dopant with a thickness gradient in the matrix material, wherein the dopant concentration can decrease toward the radiation-emitting region  104  continuously or discontinuously. 
     As is indicated by the arrows  193  in  FIG.  6 B , the organic light-emitting diode  1  emits green-colored electromagnetic radiation through the radiation-emitting region  104 , the first electrode  101  and the first carrier  1  in the switched-on operating state. In this case, the dashed arrows  190  and  191  indicate that although electromagnetic radiation which is incident on the organic light-emitting diode  1  from outside can still be scattered and reflected, the color impression brought about thereby is outshone by the electromagnetic radiation  193  generated in the radiation-emitting region and is therefore not perceptible. 
     In further exemplary embodiments, the hole transport layer  102  is embodied as a 50 nm thick layer comprising NPB as matrix material and comprising Re2O5 as dopant having dopant concentrations of 5%, 20% and 50%. In this case, it is found that the perceptible color impression of the light-emitting diodes  1  in the switched-off electronic operating state changes from light blue to deep blue as the concentration of the dopant increases. In the switched-on electronic operating state, by contrast, green electromagnetic radiation  193  is always emitted. 
     In a further exemplary embodiment, the hole transport layer  102  comprises NPB as matrix material and dirhodium tetratrifluoroacetate as dopant in the case of a thickness of  200  inn. While green electromagnetic radiation  193  is emitted in the switched-on electronic operating state, the hole transport layer  102  gives a bluish color impression in the switched-off electronic operating state. 
     An organic electronic component as a comparative component having a construction in accordance with  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , but an undoped hole transport layer  102  composed of NPB, likewise emits green electromagnetic radiation  193 , but gives only a pale blue color impression with low color saturation in the switched-off electronic operating state. 
     The exemplary embodiments in  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , shown here purely by way of example, therefore show that a predetermined color impression can be set in the switched-off electronic operating state and can be chosen by means of the choice of matrix material and dopant, while the electromagnetic radiation emitted in the switched-on electronic operating state can always give the same luminous impression. 
       FIGS.  6 C and  6 D  illustrate a farther exemplary embodiment for an organic light-emitting diode  1  in a switched-off electronic operating state  FIG.  6 C ) and in a switched-on electronic operating state ( FIG.  6 D ), which embodiment constitutes a modification of the previous exemplary embodiment. 
     In contrast to the organic light-emitting diode  1  in  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B , the organic light-emitting diode  1  here additionally has a transparent second electrode  107  composed of a transparent metal film, and also an electron transport layer  106  between the radiation-emitting region  104  and the second electrode  107 . Therefore, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the organic light-emitting diode  1  is embodied as an OLED which emits on both sides. The hole transport layer  107  can be embodied as described in connection with the previous exemplary embodiments and can give a light blue color impression, for example, in the switched-off electronic operating state. 
     The electron transport layer  106  comprises a matrix material and a &amp;T wit, which form charge transfer complexes which absorb part of the electromagnetic radiation  190  incident the light-emitting diode  1  from outside with a second absorption spectrum. The non-absorbed electromagnetic radiation, here indicated by the arrows  192 , can be perceived by an external observer as a predetermined color impression through the second electrode  102 . In this case, the color impression which can be perceived through the electron transport layer  106  through the second electrode  107  in the switched-off electronic operating state can be different than the color impression which can be perceived through the first electrode  101  on account of the hole transport layer  102 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the electron transport layer  106  is  150  mu thick and comprises BCP as matrix material and Cs. 0 O 3  as dopant having a concentration of 10%. As a result, in the switched-off electronic operating state, the electron transport layer  106  gives a deep blue color impression for an external observer. In the switched-on operating state, as shown in  FIG.  6 D , this color impression is outshone by the electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 , which radiation gives a green luminous impression as in the previous exemplary embodiments. 
     While the organic light-emitting diode, in the switched-off electronic operating state, can give a different color impression through the hole transport layer  102  than through the electron transport layer  106 , in the switched-on electronic operating state the same luminous impression is given on both sides through the electromagnetic radiation  193  generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 . 
     In a further exemplary embodiment having a construction in accordance with  FIGS.  6 C : and  6 D, the electron transport layer  106 , given a thickness of 150 nm, comprises Bpyppy as matrix material and Cs?CO 3  with a concentration of 10% as dopant. The charge transfer band of the electron transport layer  106  is so intensive that it determines the color impression through the second electrode  107 . As a result, the electron transport layer  106  can give a red color impression in the switched-off electronic operating state, while green electromagnetic radiation is once again emitted in the switched-on electronic operating state. 
     It is possible to combine the exemplary embodiments in accordance with  FIGS.  1  to  6   . Such a combination can result, for example, in a transparent organic light-emitting diode which emits on both sides and which appears colored in accordance with a desired color from both sides in the switched-off operating states and emits white light in the switched-on state. 
     The encapsulation and hermetic sealing of organic light-emitting diodes  1  described here is explained in greater detail below. The layer construction of the functional layers such as the electrodes  101 ,  107 , and the organic layer sequence  133 , can in this case be as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6   . Furthermore the layer construction can follow any desired combination of the layers and materials described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6   . 
     A further exemplary embodiments of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  7   , on the basis of a schematic plan view.  FIG.  8    shows an associated sectional illustration. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a first carrier  130  and a second carrier  131 . In this case, first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  are preferably embodied in plate-like fashion. That is to say that first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  are substantially planar sheets. The functional layers of the organic light-emitting diode  1  are arranged between first carrier  130  and second carrier  131 . In this way, first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  serve for encapsulating the organic layer sequence  133 . 
     First carrier  130  and second carrier  131  can be formed from the same material or from different materials. At least one of the two carriers is at least partly transmissive to electromapetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Furthermore, it is possible for both carriers to be at least partly transmissive to said electromagnetic radiation. 
     By way of example, at least one of the carriers is formed with a glass. That is to say that this carrier contains a glass or preferably consists of a glass. The glass can be, for example, a borosilicate glass. Furthermore, it is possible for the glass to be a soda-lime glass (also: window glass). A soda-lime glass is distinguished by lower production costs by comparison with a borosilicate glass. 
     If one of the two carriers is embodied as a non-radiation-transmissive carrier, then said carrier can consist of a metal or contain a metal or consist of a ceramic material or contain a ceramic material. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  each consist of a glass. The two carriers can then also consist of the same glass. 
     The organic layer sequence  133  arranged between first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  can be electrically contact-connectable for example by means of the first electrode  101  and the second electrode  107 , wherein first electrode  101  and second electrode  107  can be accessible from outside the organic light-emitting diode  1 , as is indicated in  FIG.  8   , for example. 
     For the purpose of connecting first carrier  130  and second carrier  131 , in the exemplary embodiments in  FIGS.  7  and  8   , a connecting means  140  is situated between first carrier  130  and second carrier  131 . The connecting means encloses the organic layer sequence  133  in a flame-like manner. In this case, the expression “in a frame-like manner” does not relate to the geometrical form of the course of the connecting means  140 . All that is important is that the connecting means  140  laterally completely encloses the organic layer sequence  133 . The connecting means  140  is therefore led as a track around the organic layer sequence  133 , wherein the connecting means  140  can be in direct contact with first carrier  130  and second carrier  131 . 
     The connecting means  140  can be, for example, a glass solder material, a glass frit material or an adhesive. Furthermore, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to have, alongside the connecting means  140 , a further connecting means, which is likewise arranged around the organic layer sequence  133  in a frame-like manner. The materials of the two connecting means can then differ from one another. By way of example, one connecting means can be formed with an adhesive, and the other connecting means can then be formed with a glass solder or a glass frit material. 
     An explanation is given, on the basis of the schematic sectional illustration in  FIG.  9   , of the fact that the connecting means . 140  can be hardened or softened by means of a source  145  of electromagnetic radiation  146 . 
     If the connecting means  140  is, for example, an adhesive such as Nagase or ThreeBond, their it is possible to use the source  145  for locally curing the adhesive. In this case, the source  145  is arranged in such a way that hardly any or no electromagnetic radiation  146  at all impinges on the organic layer sequence  133 . That is to say that the organic layer sequence  133  cannot be damaged by the electromagnetic radiation  146  of the source  145 . 
     If the connecting means  140  is a glass solder or a glass fit material, then the glass solder or the glass frit material  140  can be softened by means of the electromagnetic radiation  146 . The softened glass solder or glass frit material then wets at least one of the carriers, thereby giving rise to a hermetically impermeable seal of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . In particular, in this case, the source  145  can be a laser which emits infrared radiation  146 , for example, which penetrates through the second carrier  131  and is only absorbed in the connecting means  140 . 
       FIG.  10    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, a further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here. The organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a first carrier  130 , which can, consist of a glass, for example. The glass is preferably at least partly transmissive to electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The first carrier  130  is succeeded by a connection line  155 . The connection line  155  is a radiation-transmissive, electrically conductive layer. The connection layer  155  can be formed, for example, by one of the transparent electrode materials presented above. The first electrode  101  is arranged on the connection line  155 , said first electrode likewise being embodied in transparent fashion. 
     Busbars  157  can be arranged in or at the first electrode  101  The busbars can be formed by thin metal strips, for example. By way of example, a layer sequence having layers composed of chromium and aluminum is suitable for forming the busbars. Furthermore, the busbars can consist of aluminum, chromium, silver or mixtures of these materials. The busbars improve the transverse conductivity of the first electrode  101 . They can be insulated from the overlying organic layer sequence  133  by an insulation layer, for example, such that current is not directly impressed from the busbars  157  into the organic layer sequence  133 . The busbars  157  then serve only for the better distribution of electric current within the first transparent electrode  101 . 
     The organic layer sequence  133  is succeeded by the second electrode  107 . The second electrode  107  is embodied in reflective fashion, for example, as described above. 
     The first electrode  101  can be electrically contact-connected from outside the organic light-emitting diode  1  by means of the connection location  152 , which can be formed with a TCO material or a metal. The connection location  152  is electrically insulated from the second electrode  107  by means of an insulation layer  151  containing an electrically conductive material such as a resist, an epoxy resin or a silicon oxide. 
     During the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , an emission  108  of electromagnetic radiation generated in the organic layer sequence  133 , in particular in the radiation-emitting region  104 , is effected through the first carrier  130  toward the outside. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  furthermore has a thin-film encapsulation  154  serving for encapsulating the organic layer sequence  133 . The thin-film encapsulation  154  produces a basic impermeability to environmental influences, such as moisture and atmospheric gases, for the organic layer sequence  133 . The thin-film encapsulation  154  can be applied by means of a PECVD method (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition), for example. The thin-film encapsulation  154  can, for example, consist of oxide and/or nitride layers, such as SiO or SiN, or contain said materials. In this case, it is also possible for the thin encapsulation  154  to comprise a layer sequence which alternately has nitride and oxide layers. 
     In this case, the thin-film encapsulation  154  can have lattice defects  163  (in this respect, also see  FIG.  19   ). Said lattice defects  163  can result, for example, in so-called pinholes or other imperfections which lead to a permeability of the thin-film encapsulation  154  to atmospheric gases or moisture. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  10   , a diffusion barrier  153  is arranged on the thin-film encapsulation  154 . The diffusion barrier  153  is formed from amorphous SiO 2 . for example. In this case, the diffusion barrier  153  is deposited by means of atmospheric pressure plasma, for example. The diffusion barrier  153  can, in particular, also be deposited onto the side areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Thus, the diffusion barrier  153  can also cover the insulation layer  151  and the connection locations  152  at least in places. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is therefore encapsulated with the diffusion barrier  153  and protected from environmental protection influences both from its outer area facing away from the first carrier  130  and at its side areas. 
     The diffusion barrier  153  can also be applied by means of atmospheric pressure plasma in a plurality of individual layers. Consequently, the different partial regions of the diffusion barrier  153  can also have different thicknesses. In this war, a diffusion barrier  153  of increased thickness can be applied where the risk of formation of lattice defects  163  is highest—for example at edges of layers. 
     An atmospheric pressure plasma (also called AP plasma or normal pressure plasma) is understood in this case to mean the special case of a plasma in which the pressure approximately corresponds to that of the surrounding atmosphere. The use of an atmospheric pressure plasma has some advantages over the use of a low-pressure plasma encapsulation technique. The apparatus outlay for coating with an atmospheric pressure plasma is significantly less than in the case of the low-pressure plasma. In the case of the low-pressure plasma it is necessary, for example, for the component that is to be coated to be introduced into a chamber and for the pressure then to be reduced therein. After the deposition process, the pressure has to be adapted to normal pressure again and the component has to be removed from the chamber again. In the case where an atmospheric pressure plasma is used, b contrast, it is not necessary to introduce the component—here the organic light-emitting diode  1 —into a closed chamber. The coating with the diffusion barrier  153  is therefore also possible on an assembly line, for example, using an atmospheric pressure plasma. 
     The diffusion barrier can have a thickness d of 50 nm to 1000 nm. Preferably, the diffusion barrier  153  has a thickness d of at least 100 nm and at most 250 nm. At the edges of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , the thickness of the diffusion barrier  153  can also be chosen to be larger. 
     The diffusion barrier  153  can also be produced from individual layers. In this case, two or more individual layers can be deposited one above another. Each of the individual layers can have a thickness of for example, at least 50 nm and at most 100 nm. The impermeability of the overall layer can be increased by applying individual layers. 
     The diffusion barrier  153  can comprise silicon dioxide or consist thereof In this case, the silicon dioxide can only be formed in the gas phase. In order to form the silicon dioxide, it is possible to use a silane and a further compound serving as oxygen source. By way of example, SiH 4  can be used as silane and N 2 O as oxygen source. 
       FIG.  11    shows, on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration, a further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  10   , in this exemplary embodiment the diffusion barrier  153  is only arranged at the side areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Instead of a diffusion barrier  153 , a resist layer  150  is applied to that outer area of the organic light-emitting diode which faces away from the first carrier  130 . That is to say that, in this exemplary embodiment, the outer area facing away from the first carrier  130  is encapsulated by a combination of a thin-film encapsulation  154  with a resist layer  150 . 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  12   . In contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  11   , in this exemplary embodiment a diffusion barrier  153  produced by means of an atmospheric pressure plasma is arranged between the thin-film encapsulation  154  and the resist layer  150 . The resist layer covers the diffusion barrier  153  at least in places. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  13   . In contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  11   , in this exemplary embodiment a diffusion barrier  153  produced by means of an atmospheric pressure plasma is additionally applied to the resist layer  150 . The diffusion barrier  153  covers the resist layer  150  at all exposed surfaces. A particularly impermeable encapsulation of the organic layer sequence  133  against external environmental influences is realized as a result. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  14 A . In this exemplary embodiment, the insulation layer  151 , the connection location  152  and also the thin-film encapsulation  154  are covered at least in places by a pre-encapsulation layer  156 , which serves for encapsulating the organic layer sequence  133  and as a planarization layer for the thin-film encapsulation  153  at the side areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The pre-encapsulation layer  156  can comprise, for example, a transparent epoxide or a radiation-transmissive adhesive. A second carrier  131  is applied to the pre-encapsulation layer  156 , onto the outer area thereof which faces away from the first carrier  130 . The second carrier  131  can be a glass plate, for example. It is then possible for an emission  108  to be effected both through the first carrier  130  and through the second carrier  131 . The organic light-emitting diode  1  can then be an organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits on both sides. In this case, the diffusion barrier  153  produced by means of atmospheric pressure plasma serves substantially for laterally sealing the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     In this case, it is furthermore possible that first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  can be formed by mutually different materials. By way of example, one of the two carriers can be formed by a non-radiation-transmissive material, such as a metal plate, for example. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for first carrier  130  and second carrier  131 , as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  and  8   , for example, to be connected to one another by means of a connecting means  140 . The connecting means can then be a glass solder or a glass frit material or an adhesive. The connecting means  140  is additionally sealed by the diffusion barrier  153  at the side areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Such a organic light-emitting diode  1  is elucidated in greater detail in  FIG.  14 B  on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration. 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  15 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  and  19   , exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes  1  described here are explained in greater detail wherein at least parts of the organic light-emitting diode  1  are encapsulated by at least two encapsulation layers  161 ,  162  forming an encapsulation layer sequence  160 . That is to say that the encapsulation layer sequence  160  has at least one first encapsulation layer  161  and a second encapsulation layer  162 , as a result of which an efficacious and effective encapsulation is made possible. In this case, the effective encapsulation can be brought about precisely by the combination of the two encapsulation layers  161 ,  162 . 
     The first encapsulation layer  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162  can each comprise materials suitable for protecting the organic light-emitting diode  1  against harmful influences of the surroundings, such as atmospheric gases and moisture, through the combination of the first encapsulation layer  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162 . In this case, the first encapsulation layer  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162  can each comprise an inorganic material or consist of an inorganic material. 
     The first encapsulation layer  161  can comprise or consist of an oxide, a nitride or an oxynitride. By way of example, the oxide, nitride or oxynitride can comprise aluminum, silicon, tin, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium or hafnium. Particularly preferably, the first layer can comprise silicon nitride, such as, for instance, Si 2 N 3 , silicon oxide (SiO x ), such as, for instance, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, such as, for instance. Al 2 O 3 , and/or titanium oxide, such as TiO 2 . Furthermore, the first encapsulation layer  161  can also consist of a TCO material or contain such a TCO material. Furthermore, it is possible for the first encapsulation layer  161  to comprise or consist of a metal or a metal alloy. In this case, the first encapsulation layer  161  can comprise aluminum and/or aluminum alloys, for example. 
     The abovementioned materials can be applied by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), for example, in order to produce the first encapsulation layer  161 . In this case, a plasma can be generated in a volume above and/or around the radiation-emitting layer sequence  133  and the electrodes  101 ,  107 , wherein at least two gaseous starting compounds are fed to the volume, which starting compounds can be ionized in the plasma and excited to react with one another. The generation of the plasma can make it possible that the temperature to which the at least one surface of the component has to be heated in order to make it possible to produce the first encapsulation layer  161  can be lowered in comparison with a plasmaless CVD method. 
     As an alternative thereof, the first encapsulation layer  161  can be applied by means of physical vapor deposition, such as sputtering, for instance. 
     Furthermore, the first encapsulation layer  161  can also comprise a glass or consist of a glass. In this case, the glass can for example comprise one or a plurality of the abovementioned oxides and be able to be applied by means of plasma spraying. 
     In the case of plasma spraying, an arc can be generated in a so-called plasma torch between at least one anode and at least one cathode by means of high voltage, through which arc a gas or gas mixture can be conducted and thereby ionized. The gas or gas mixture can comprise argon, nitrogen, hydrogen and/or helium, for example. By way of example, pulverulent material for the first encapsulation layer  161  can be sprayed into the plasma flow generated by the arc and the gas or gas mixture flow. The pulverulent material can be melted by the temperature of the plasma and applied to the top side  107   a  of the second electrode  107 , for example, by means of the plasma flow. The pulverulent material can be provided, for example, with an average grain size of less than or equal to a few hundred micrometers, preferably less than or equal to 100 μm, and furthermore greater than or equal to 100 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 μm. The more finely the material is provided, that is to say the smaller the average grain size, the more uniformly the first encapsulation layer  161  can be applied. The more coarsely the material is provided, that is to say the larger the average grain size, the more rapidly the first encapsulation layer  161  can be applied. Furthermore, the structure and also the quality of the first encapsulation layer can depend on the speed, the temperature and/or the composition of the plasma gas. 
     As an alternative to plasma spraying, a first encapsulation layer  161  comprising glass can also be applied by means of flame spraying or by means of a thermal evaporation method. 
     The abovementioned methods for applying the first encapsulation layer  161  enable the latter to be applied cost-effectively with a high growth rate. In particular, after application, the first encapsulation layer  161  can have a thickness d of greater than or equal to 50 nm, and particularly preferably a thickness d of greater than or equal to 100 nm. Furthermore, the first encapsulation layer  161  can have a thickness d of less than or equal to 1 μm. By means of such a thick first encapsulation layer, the encapsulation arrangement, alongside the encapsulation, can also enable a mechanical protection of the organic light-emitting diode  1  against damaging external influences. 
     The abovementioned methods, in particular at temperatures of the component of less than 120°C., and particularly preferably of less than 80°C., enable the first encapsulation layer  161  to be able to be applied directly on the component, .without the component or parts thereof being damaged. 
     The volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  can be present, for example, in crystalline and/or polycrystalline form. In this ease, it can be possible for the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer to have, for example, structural and/or lattice defects  163  such as, for example, dislocations, grain boundaries and/or stacking faults. 
     Furthermore, the first encapsulation layer  161  can have, on the side which faces away from the organic layer sequence  133  and on which the second encapsulation layer  162  is arranged, a surface structure in the form of macroscopic topographical structures such as, for instance, slopes, elevations, angles, edges, comers, depressions, trenches, grooves, microlenses and/or prisms and/or in the form of microscopic topographical structures such as, for instance, a surface roughness and/or pores (in this respect, see  FIG.  19   , in particular). In this case, structures of the surface structure which are resolvable by means of visible light are ascribed to the macroscopic structures, while microscopic structures are precisely no longer resolvable by means of visible light. That can mean that here structures designated as macroscopic have dimensions of greater than or equal to approximately 400 nm, while microscopic structures have dimensions which are less than approximately 400 nm. 
     The surface structure can be governed by the abovementioned application methods themselves or else be producible, in particular in the case of macroscopic, structures, by suitable further method steps such as, for instance, the deposition through a mask and/or subsequent processing by means of mechanical and/or chemical removing methods. Macroscopic structures can be suitable for light refraction and/or scattering, for example, in the case of a transparent encapsulation layer sequence  160 . 
     In particular both the abovementioned structural and lattice defects of the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  and pores in the surface structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  can form undesirable permeation paths for moisture and/or oxygen, which can enable or at least facilitate diffusion through the first encapsulation layer. 
     The second encapsulation layer  162  can be suitable for enabling, in combination with the first encapsulation layer  161 , the hermetically impermeable encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . For this purpose, the second encapsulation layer  162  can be suitable, in particular, for sealing the abovementioned permeation paths that can occur in the first encapsulation layer. 
     For this purpose, the second encapsulation layer  162  can be arranged directly on the first encapsulation layer  161  and in direct contact with the first encapsulation layer  161 . That can mean that the second encapsulation layer  162  has a common interface with the first encapsulation layer  161 , and furthermore an upper surface facing away from the common interface. The common interface is arranged, for example, at the top side  161   a  of the first encapsulation layer  161 . 
     The second encapsulation layer  162  can be embodied in such a way that it can at least partly or approximately follow the surface structure of the first encapsulation layer  161 , which can mean that, in particular, the top side of the second encapsulation layer  162  also at least partly or approximately follows the topographical structure of the interface. 
     The fact that the upper surface of the second encapsulation layer  162  at least partly follows the interface between the first  161  and second encapsulation layer  162  and hence the surface structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  can mean here and hereinafter that the upper surface of the second encapsulation layer  162  likewise has a topographical surface structure. In this case, the topographical surface structure at the top side  162   a  of the second encapsulation layer  162  can preferably be embodied identically or similarly to the topographical surface structure at the top side  161   a  of the first encapsulation layer  161 . “Identically” or “similarly” can mean in connection with two or more topographical surface structures, in particular, that the two or more topographical surface structures have identical or similar height profiles with mutually corresponding structures, such as elevations and depressions, for instance. By way of example, the two or more topographical surface structures in this sense can each have elevations and depressions arranged laterally alongside one another in a specific characteristic sequence which, for example, apart from relative height differences between the elevations and depressions, are identical for the two or more topographical surface structures. 
     In other words, one surface which at least partly follows the topographical surface structure of another area can have an elevation, arranged above an elevation of the topographical surface structure of the other area, or a depression, arranged above a depression of the topographical surface structure of the other area. In this case, the relative height difference between adjacent elevations and depressions of said one surface can also be different than the relative height difference between the corresponding elevations and depressions of the topographical surface structure of the other area. 
     In other words, that can mean that the upper surface of the second encapsulation layer and the interface between the first and second encapsulation layers run parallel or at least approximately parallel. Thus, the second encapsulation layer can have a thickness which is independent or approximately independent of the surface structure of that surface of the first encapsulation layer which faces away from the component. “Approximately parallel”, “approximately independent” and “approximately constant” can mean, with regard to the thickness of the second encapsulation layer, that the latter has a thickness variation of less than or equal to 10%, and particularly preferably of less than or equal to 5%, measured in relation to the total thickness of the second encapsulation layer. Such an embodiment of the second encapsulation layer with such a small thickness variation can also be designated as so-called “conformal coating”. 
     Furthermore, the second encapsulation layer  162  can have a thickness d which is smaller than the dimensions of at least some structures and, in particular, the abovementioned macroscopic :structures of the surface structure of the first encapsulation layer. In particular, the second encapsulation layer can also follow those microscopic structures of the surface structure of the first encapsulation layer whose dimensions are larger than the thickness of the second encapsulation layer. 
     The thickness of the second encapsulation layer  162  can furthermore be independent of a volume structure of the first encapsulation layer. That can mean that the first encapsulation layer has no thickness variation of greater than 10% and particularly preferably no thickness variation of greater than 5% even over the partial regions of the first encapsulation layer in which abovementioned lattice and/or structural defects  163  of the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  are situated and which extend, in particular, as far as the common interface  161   a  with the second encapsulation layer  162 . 
     Furthermore, the thickness d of the second encapsulation layer  162  can, in particular, also be independent of openings, elevations, depressions and pores in that surface of the first encapsulation layer which faces the second encapsulation layer. In the case where such surface structures are greater than the thickness d of the second encapsulation layer  162  with regard to their dimensions, they can be covered by the second encapsulation layer with uniform and, in the sense above, at least virtually identical thickness by virtue of the second encapsulation layer  162  following the surface structure. In the case where the surface structures are less than or equal to the thickness of the second encapsulation layer  162  with regard to their dimensions, the second encapsulation layer  162  can cover the structure structures without. following the latter, and ht this case, however, likewise have an in the above sense, at least virtually constant thickness. 
     In particular the second encapsulation layer  162  can seal openings and/or pores in the first encapsulation layer which have a depth-to-diameter ratio of greater twirl or equal to 10, and particularly preferably of greater than or equal to  30 . The encapsulation layer sequence  160  can have the at least approximately identical thickness d of the second encapsulation layer  162 , as described here, in particular also when the first encapsulation layer  161  has a surface structure having overhanging structures, in particular overhanging macroscopic structures, having negative angles. 
     Furthermore, the second encapsulation layer  162  can have a volume structure which is independent of the surface structure of the top side  161   a  of the first encapsulation layer  161  facing the second encapsulation layer  162 . In addition, the second encapsulation layer  162  can have a volume structure which is independent of the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161 . That can mean that surface- and/or volume-specific properties and features of the first encapsulation layer  161  such as, for instance, the abovementioned surface structures and/or lattice and/or structural defects in the volume structure of the fist encapsulation layer  161  have no influence on the volume structure of the second encapsulation layer. 
     The second encapsulation layer  162  can comprise an oxide, a nitride and/or an oxynitride as described in connection with the first encapsulation layer. Particularly preferably, the second encapsulation layer can comprise aluminum oxide, for instance Al 2 O 3 , and or. tantalum oxide, for instance Ta 2 O 5 . 
     In particular, the second encapsulation layer  162  can have a volume structure having a higher amorphicity, that is to say irregularity in the sense of short-range and/or long-range order of the materials contained, than the first encapsulation layer. That can mean, in particular, that the second encapsulation layer has such a high amorphicity that no crystallinity or crystal structure can be ascertained. In this case, the second encapsulation layer  16 .  2  can be completely amorphous, such that the materials forming the second encapsulation layer  162  have no measurable short-range and/or long-range order, but rather have a purely statistical, irregular distribution. 
     As a reference for ascertaining the amorphicity of the second encapsulation layer  162  and also of the first encapsulation layer  161 , in this case a shallow angle measurement in an X-ray diffractometer can be used, for example, in which no crystallinity in the form of a crystalline, partly crystalline and/or polycrystalline structure can be ascertained for the amorphous second encapsulation layer  162 . 
     Although encapsulation layers having a crystalline, that is to say non-amorphous, volume structure often have a higher density than encapsulation layers having an amorphous volume structure, it was surprisingly ascertained in conjunction with the device comprising the encapsulation layer sequence  160 , as described here, that the second encapsulation layer  162 , if it has a high amorphicity, nevertheless enables, in combination with the first encapsulation layer  161 , a hermetically impermeable encapsulation layer sequence  160 . In particular, it can be advantageous in this case that the amorphous second encapsulation layer  162  does not continue structural and/or lattice defects  163  of the first encapsulation layer  161 , such that, as a result, no continuous permeation paths for moisture and/or oxygen through the encapsulation arrangement can form either. Precisely through the combination of the first encapsulation layer  161  with the amorphous second encapsulation layer  162  it is possible to achieve an encapsulation layer sequence  160  which has a hermetic impermeability with respect to moisture and/or oxygen and at the same time a sufficiently large total thickness also to ensure a mechanical protection of the component. 
     The second encapsulation layer  162  can be producible on the first encapsulation layer  161  by a method in which the surface structure aid/tor the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  have no influence on the volume structure of the second encapsulation layer  162  to be applied. The second encapsulation layer  162  can be producible, in particular, by means of a method such that the material or materials to be applied for the second encapsulation layer  162  can be applied without long-range order, that is to say with an irregular distribution for producing an amorphous volume structure. In this case, the second encapsulation layer  162  can be applied, for example, in the form of individual layers of the material or materials to be applied, so-called monolayers, wherein each of the monolayers follows the surface structure of the area to be coated. In this case, the constituents and materials of a monolayer can be distributed and applied in a statistically and distributed manner and independently of one another on the entire area to be coated, wherein, particularly preferably, the entire area is covered continuously with the monolayer. In this case, the area to be coated can be that surface of the first encapsulation layer  161  which fares away from the organic layer sequence  133  or a monolayer already applied on the first encapsulation layer  161 . 
     A method which enables such individual layers to be applied can be designated as a variant of atomic layer deposition. Atomic layer deposition (ALB) can designate a method in which, in comparison with an above-described CVD method for producing an encapsulation layer  162  on a surface, firstly a first of at least two gaseous starting compounds is fed to a volume, in which the component is provided. The first starting compound can adsorb on the surface. For the encapsulation layer sequence  160  described here it can he advantageous if the first starting, compound adsorbs irregularly and without a long-range order on the surface. After preferably complete or virtually complete covering of the surface with the first starting compound, a second of the at least two starting compounds can be fed in. The second starting compound can react with the first starting compound adsorbed at the surface as irregularly as possible but preferably with complete area coverage, as a result of which a monolayer of the second encapsulation layer  162  can be formed. As in the case of a CVD method, it can be advantageous if the at least one surface is heated to a temperature above room temperature. As a result, the reaction for forming a monolayer can be thermally initiated. In this case, the surface temperature, which, for example, can also be the component temperature, that is to say the temperature of the component, can depend on the starting materials, that is to say the first and second starting compounds. By repeating these method steps, a plurality of monolayers can successively be applied one on top of another. In this case, for the production of the encapsulation layer sequence  160  described here it is advantageous if the arrangements of the materials or starting compounds of the individual monolayers are independent of one another from monolayer to monolayer, such that an amorphous volume structure can form not only laterally along the extension plane of the surface to be coated, but also into the height. 
     The first and second starting compounds can be, for example, in connection with the materials mentioned further above for the second encapsulation layer, organometallic compounds such as, for instance, trimethyl metal compounds and also oxygen-containing compounds. In order to produce a second encapsulation layer comprising Al 2 O 3 , it is possible to provide, for example, trimethylaluminum and also water or N 2 O as starting compounds. 
     A plasmaless variant of atomic layer deposition (“plasmaless atomic layer deposition”, PLALD) can in this case designate an ALD method for which no plasma is generated, as described below, but rather in which, in order to form the monolayers, the reaction of the abovementioned stalling compounds is initiated only by means of the temperature of the surface to be coated. 
     The temperature of the at least one surface and/or of the component can be, for example, greater than or equal to 60°C. and less than or equal to 120°C. in the case of a PLALD method. 
     A plasma enhanced variant of atomic layer deposition (“plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition”, PEALD) can designate an ALD method in which the second starting compound is fed in with simultaneous generation of a plasma, as a result of which, as in the case of PECVD methods, it can be possible for the second starting compound to be excited. As a result, in comparison with a plasmaless ALD method, the temperature to which the at least one surface is heated can he reduced and the reaction between starting compounds can nevertheless be initiated by the generation of plasma. In this case, the monolayers can be applied, for example, at a temperature of less than 120°C. and preferably less than or equal to 80°C. In order to produce further monolayers, the steps of feeding in the first starting compound and then feeding in the second starting compound can be repeated. 
     The degree of amorphicity of the second encapsulation layer  162  can be implemented by the choice of suitable starting compounds, temperatures, plasma conditions and/or gas pressures. 
     After application, the second encapsulation layer  162  can be applied in a thickness d of greater than or equal to 1 nm, particularly preferably of greater than or equal to 10 nm, and less than or equal to 30 nm. That can mean that the second encapsulation layer  162  has greater than or equal to 1 monolayer, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10 monolayers, and less than or equal to 50 monolayers of the materials of the second encapsulation layer. By virtue of the high density and quality of the second encapsulation layer  162 , such a thickness can be sufficient to ensure an effective protection against moisture and/or oxygen for the underlying component in combination with the first encapsulation layer  161 . On account of the small thickness d of the second encapsulation layer  162 , a short process time and hence a high economic viability of the encapsulation arrangement described here can be ensured. The encapsulation layer sequence  160  can, in particular, be arranged directly and immediately on an electrode  107 ,  101 . That can mean that the first encapsulation layer  161  of the encapsulation layer sequence  160  is arranged directly and immediately for example on the second electrode  107 . 
     Furthermore, the encapsulation layer sequence  160  can have a third encapsulation layer, which is arranged between the first encapsulation layer  161  and the organic layer sequence  133 . In this case, the third encapsulation layer can comprise, in particular, an inorganic material as described in connection with the second encapsulation layer  162 . Furthermore, the third encapsulation layer can be amorphous. Furthermore, the third encapsulation layer can have one or a plurality of further features as described in connection with the second encapsulation layer  162 . Furthermore, the second and third encapsulation layers can be embodied identically. 
     The first encapsulation layer  161  can be arranged directly and immediately on the third encapsulation layer. Furthermore, the third encapsulation layer can be arranged directly on the component. In this case, the third encapsulation layer can enable, for the first encapsulation layer, a homogeneous application surface independently of the surface of the component. 
     Furthermore, the encapsulation layer sequence  160  can have a plurality of first  161  and a plurality of second encapsulation layers  162  which are arranged alternately one above another, wherein the encapsulation layer arranged the closest to the organic layer sequence  133  is a first encapsulation layer  161 . The first  161  and second encapsulation layers  162  of the plurality of the first  161  and second encapsulation layers  162 , respectively, can each be embodied identically or differently. In this case, here and hereinafter, a “plurality” can mean at least a number of two. 
     By means of such repetition of the encapsulation layer construction comprising the first and second encapsulation layers, the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be improved. Furthermore, the mechanical robustness of the encapsulation layer sequence  160  can be increased. The optical properties of the encapsulation arrangement can be adapted through a suitable choice of the materials of the respective first and second encapsulation layers. 
     The following can also be explained in concrete terms with respect to the individual  FIGS.  15  to  19   : 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  15   , on the basis of a schematic, sectional illustration. The organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a first carrier  130 . The first carrier can be formed from a radiation-transmissive material, such as a glass, for example, or a non-radiation-transmissive material, such as a metal or a ceramic material, for example. The functional layers  180 , that is to say the first electrode  101 , the organic layer sequence  133  and also the second electrode  107 , are arranged on the first carrier  130 . A first encapsulation layer  161 , as has just been explained in greater detail, is applied to the side areas and also at the top side  107   a  of the second electrode  107 . The exposed outer area of the first encapsulation layer  161  is completely covered by the second encapsulation layer  162 , which is likewise constructed in the manner just explained. The first encapsulation layer  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162  form the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  16   , on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment described in conjunction with  FIG.  15   , the first carrier  130  in this exemplary embodiment is embodied as a flexible carrier. In this case, the flexible carrier is hermetically sealed all around by an encapsulation layer sequence  60  described above. As an alternative to the first carrier  130  being encapsulated all around, it is also possible for only the top side of the flexible carrier facing the organic layer sequence  133  to be provided with the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . At all events, a carrier which is flexible and at the same time sealed hermetically impermeably against external influences such as moisture and atmospheric gases is realized in this way The first carrier  130  can, in this way, be formed for example by an inherently gas- and/or moisture-permeable plastic film which can hermetically terminate the organic light-emitting diode  1  on account of the encapsulation with the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  17   , on the basis of a schematic. sectional illustration. In this exemplary embodiment, the first carrier  130  and the functional layers  180  arranged on the first carrier  130  are enclosed jointly, all around by the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . Such an embodiment is particularly well suited to the formation of a flexible organic light-emitting diode  1 . In this case, the first carrier  130  can be configured in flexible fashion, for example as a film. The functional layers  180  are encapsulated jointly with the first carrier  130 , thus resulting in a certain flexibility for the entire organic light-emitting diode. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode is pliable and suitable for withstanding a multiplicity of bending cycles without being damaged. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  18   . In this exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode comprises two carriers  130 ,  131 . Both carriers  130 ,  131  can be embodied as rigid carriers. By way of example, the carriers  130 ,  131  are each formed with a glass or consist of a glass. The carriers  130 ,  131  are connected to one another by a connecting means  140  such as is described further above with  FIG.  7  or  8   , for example. The connecting means  140  is, for example, a glass solder or a glass frit material. The connecting means  140  adjoins the second carrier  131  and the first carrier  130  at least in places at its top side  140   a  and its underside  140   b,  respectively. The side areas  140   c  of the connecting means  140  are sealed with the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . In this case, the encapsulation layer sequence  160  can also extend over the side areas of first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  (not illustrated). 
       FIG.  18    represents a general example of the fact that the sealing and encapsulation techniques described here can be combined with one another. Thus, the encapsulation layer sequence  160  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  15  to  19    can also be combined in combination with the connecting means  140  described here, the diffusion barrier  153 , the thin-film encapsulation  154 , the pre-encapsulation layer  156  and/or the resist layer  150 . Depending on the requirements made of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , therefore, it is possible to choose an encapsulation which enables a longest possible lifetime of the organic light-emitting diode  1  in the respective environment in which the organic light-emitting diode  1  is intended to be used. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  19   , the encapsulation layer sequence  160  having the first encapsulation layer  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162  is illustrated in an enlarged fashion. As can be seen from  FIG.  19   , the top side  161   a  of the first encapsulation layer, on which the second encapsulation layer  162  is applied, has a surface structure in the form of a roughness brought about, for example, by the application method by which the first encapsulation layer  161  is produced. Furthermore, the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  has structural or lattice defects  163 , such as pores or dislocations, for instance, which are indicated merely schematically and purely by way of example. In this case, the structural and lattice defects  163  can extend—as shown—as far as the top side  161   a  of the first encapsulation layer  161 , that is to say as fin as the interface between the first.  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162 . The second encapsulation layer  162  is embodied in such a way that structural and lattice defects  163  of this type have no influence on the volume structure of the second encapsulation layer  162 . The second encapsulation layer  162  is therefore embodied with a uniformly amorphous volume structure and covers the first encapsulation layer  161  over the wb 3 le area, as a result of which possible permeation paths for moisture and/or at gases which are formed by lattice and structural defects  163  of the volume structure of the first encapsulation layer  161  are also sealed. As a result, a hermetic encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , in particular against moisture and/or oxygen, can be made possible by means of the encapsulation layer sequence  160  and, in particular, by means of the combination of the first  161  and the second encapsulation layer  162 . 
     In particular the encapsulation techniques described in conjunction with  FIGS.  10  to  19    and combinations of these encapsulation techniques are particularly well suited to the formation of a flexible organic light-emitting diode. A flexible organic light-emitting diode  1  is distinguished, inter alia, by the fact that it is pliable to a certain degree, without being damaged in the process. Preferably, the organic light-emitting diode  1  embodied in a flexible fashion is repeatedly pliable without being damaged in the process. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is then suitable, therefore, for withstanding a plurality of bending cycles, without being damaged. Particularly preferably, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be embodied, for example, flexibly such that it can be wound up onto a roll and can be unwound from the roll, without being damaged in the process. 
     In particular the encapsulation layer sequence  160  described here enables such a flexible organic light-emitting diode  1 . In order to form a flexible organic light-emitting diode  1 , the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode is also embodied in a flexible fashion. In this case, flexible means, inter alia, that the encapsulation is pliable to a certain degree, without the encapsulation being damaged in the course of bending. 
     Furthermore, in the case of a flexible organic light-emitting diode  1 , the first  130  and the second carrier  131  are also embodied in a flexible fashion. By way of example, the carriers  130 ,  131  are a thin glass layer, a laminate or a film. By way of example, the flexible carrier  130 ,  131  can be a plastic-glass-plastic laminate or a plastic-metal-plastic laminate. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  20   . In this case, the organic light-emitting diode comprises at least a first electrode  101 , an organic encapsulation layer sequence  133  and a second electrode  107 . A sputtering protective layer  170  is applied between the organic layer sequence  133  and the second electrode  107 . The sputtering protective layer  170  is an electrically conductive, inorganic protective layer. 
     The organic layer sequence  133  is protected against impairment and/or damage, in particular during the production of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , by means of the electrically conductive, inorganic sputtering protective layer  170 . Such impairment or damage can occur, for instance, during the production of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Such impairment or damage of the organic layer sequence  133  can then result in a shorter lifetime of the organic light-emitting diode  1  or in a lower luminance of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     By way of example, the second electrode  107  is deposited onto the organic layer sequence  133  by means of a high-energy process, such as sputtering. Such a high-energy process can lead, in the absence of the sputtering protective layer  170 , to damage to the organic layer sequence  133  as a result of the bombardment of the organic layer sequence  133  with gas ions and/or the material to be applied by sputtering. By means of the high-energy process, by way of example, a second electrode  107  consisting of a TCO material or a metal can be applied to the organic layer sequence  133 . 
     The sputtering protective layer  170  can comprise for example a transition metal oxide, which can comprise for example tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, rhenium oxide, nickel oxide or combinations or mixtures thereof or consists of these materials. Furthermore, the sputtering protective layer  170  can also comprise metals, such as magnesium or silver, for instance. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in accordance with  figure  20   , the sputtering protective layer  170  contains or consists of a transition metal oxide, such as WO 3 , V 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , Re 2 O 7  or NiO. The second electrode  107  is applied above the sputtering protective layer  170 . The second electrode  107  is applied directly to the sputtering protective layer  170  for example by means of a high-energy deposition process, such as sputtering. 
     The possibilities for encapsulation, sealing and for protection of the organic layer sequence  133  against damage and external influences, as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   , can be used for all of the organic light-emitting diodes and luminaires described here. In particular, any combination of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6    can be combined by means of one or a combination of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   . In this way it is possible to produce, for example, organic light-emitting diodes  1  which emir white light, are transparent, emit on both sides and are protected against external influences particularly well by means of diffusion barriers, thin-film encapsulations, encapsulation layer sequences, and or connecting means. Combinations of the protection methods for organic light-emitting diodes  1 , as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   , can result for example in a organic light-emitting diode  1  which has an organic layer sequence  133  hermetically sealed by means of an encapsulation layer sequence  160 , wherein the organic layer sequence  133  encapsulated in this way is arranged between a first carrier  130  and a second carrier  131 . In this case, first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  can be connected to one another by means of a connecting means  140 , such as a glass solder, for example. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is then distinguished by a particularly good encapsulation which allows the organic light-emitting diode to be used, for example, in particularly moist rooms, such as a bathroom. Such an organic light-emitting diode  1  can then even be used in the vicinity of or in sanitary installations such as a bath tub or a shower. 
     In the case of the exemplary embodiments described in conjunction with figures to  20 , the radiation exit areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1  are in each case embodied in flat fashion. Such organic light-emitting diodes  1  generally have a Lambertian emission characteristic. In conjunction with  FIGS.  21  to  25   , exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes  1  described here will now be described in greater detail, wherein the organic light-emitting diode  1  has a directional emission profile. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  21   , a first exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  having a directional emission profile as described here is explained in greater detail on the basis of a schematic perspective illustration. The organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises functional layers  180  having, for example, a first electrode  101 , a second electrode  107  and an organic layer sequence  133  arranged between first electrode  101  and second electrode  107 . 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  furthermore has a second carrier  131 . The second carrier  131  comprises a structured radiation exit area  175 . The structured radiation exit area  175  has a multiplicity of first areas  175   a  and second areas  175   b.  The first areas  175   a  are inclined by an angle a relative to a plane running, for example, parallel to the main extension plane (xy plane) of the organic layer sequence  133 . The second areas  175   b  are inclined by an angle β relative to said plane. 
     The emission of electromagnetic radiation generated in the organic layer sequence  133  is effected through the second carrier  131  and the radiation passage area  175 . In this case, the structured radiation exit area  175  can be applied in the form of a separate layer onto the top side of the second caviler  131  facing away from the organic layer sequence  133 . Furthermore, it is possible for the structured radiation exit area  175  to be formed by a structuring of the second carrier  131 . Furthermore, it is possible that, instead of the second carrier  131 , for example, an encapsulation layer sequence  160  such as is described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  15  to  19    is arranged on the second electrode  107 . In this case, for example, the second encapsulation layer  162  can be embodied as a structured radiation exit area. In this case, the second encapsulation layer can be arranged directly on the first encapsulation layer  161 . This is indicated by the dashed line in  FIG.  21   . 
     In the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  21   , the structured radiation exit area  175  is structured into a multiplicity of prisms arranged parallel to one another, wherein the first areas  175   a  and the second areas  175   b  form the top area of the organic light-emitting diode  1  facing away from the organic layer sequence  133 . For reasons of clarity, in each case only two of the multiplicity of first areas  175   a  and second areas  175   b  are illustrated in  FIG.  21   . 
     Neither the first areas  175   a  nor the second areas  175   b  are arranged parallel to the organic layer sequence  133 . Consequently, these areas are also not arranged parallel to the plane f,xy plane) in which the organic light-emitting diode  1 —that is to say for example the organic layer sequence—is embodied in planar fashion. 
     In this case, the extent of the prisms in the y direction is preferably of macroscopic orders of magnitude, that is to say for example in the range of millimeters to decimeters. For example, the extent of the prisms in the y direction can extend over the entire length of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The width of the prisms in the x direction is preferably greater than the wavelength of the light generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1 , such that diffraction effects at the prisms hardly or do not take place. The width of the prisms is preferably of microscopic orders of magnitude, for example in the submillimeters range, such that a structuring in the x direction of the radiation exit area  175  is not visible to the human observer. The width b of a prism can be 500 μm or less, preferably 250 μm or less. The length l of a prism can be 1 cm or more, preferably 5 cm or more. 
     The first areas  175   a  of the structured radiation exit area  175  are embodied as transparent or at least radiation-transmissive, whereas the second areas  176  are reflective to the electromagnetic radiation generated in the organic light-emitting diode. The second areas  175   b  can be made reflective at a shallow angle of incidence for example by vapor deposition with metal particles. 
     In this way, in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG.  21   , only the first areas  175   a  constitute radiation exit areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . That is to say that electromagnetic radiation can leave the organic light-emitting diode  1  only through the first areas  175   a.  In this way, the organic light-emitting diode  1  has an emission profile which has a main emission direction inclined relative to the z axis in the direction of the x axis. In this case, the inclination angle of the main emission direction of the organic light-emitting diode  1  is substantially determined by the angle α. 
     Electromagnetic radiation which is generated by the organic layer sequence  133  and which is reflected at the second areas  175   b  can likewise emerge from the light-emitting device through the radiation-transmissive first areas  175   a  after one or more internal reflections. Alternatively, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to be an organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits on both sides and in which the organic layer sequence  133  and also the electrodes  101 ,  107  are embodied in radiation-transmissive fashion. In this way, reflected radiation can emerge from the organic light-emitting diode  1  for example on the opposite side of the radiation exit area  175  illustrated. In this case, the opposite radiation exit area can also be structured in the manner described, thus resulting in an organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits electromagnetic radiation directionally on both sides. 
     The angles α and β at which the first  175   a  and second areas  175   b  are arranged influence the angular distribution of the emitted electromagnetic radiation and the frequency of the internal reflections. 
     The structured radiation exit area  175  can be, for example, a separate, correspondingly structured film applied to the second carrier  131 . Furthermore, it is possible—as already discussed above—for the structured radiation exit area  175  to be structured directly into the second carrier  131  or to be formed by part of an encapsulation layer sequence  160 . 
     Different emission profiles (angle-dependent distribution of the emitted intensity) of organic light-emitting diodes  1  having a structured radiation exit area  175  are illustrated in conjunction with  FIG.  22   . Firstly, the underlying coordinate system is illustrated in  FIG.  22     a.  The organic light-emitting diode  1  forms, with its lateral organic layer sequence  133  embodied in planar fashion, the xy plane of the coordinate system. In the case of a non-structured radiation exit area  175 , a Lambertian emission profile in the direction of the z axis generally arises for the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Directional emission profiles can then be achieved by means of the structuring of the radiation exit area  175 . 
     By way of example, in conjunction with  FIGS.  22   b  and  22   c   , a type A-1 and type A-2 emission profile, respectively, is shown, which is distinguished by a symmetrical, cardioid radiation direction distribution having two maxima both in the x direction and in the y direction (type A-1) or in one of the two directions (type A-2). Such emission patterns are particularly well suited for example to general lighting in rooms. 
     The emission profile shown in  FIG.  22   d    , called type B, is greatly asymmetrical in at least one of the directions x and y and is particularly well suited for example to directional lighting. By way of example, such an emission profile can be used for desk lighting in which a work area is illuminated in a directional fashion without dazzling the user. Such an emission profile can be achieved with the exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here as described in conjunction with  FIG.  21   . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  23   , a further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail on the basis of a perspective schematic illustration. 
     In this exemplary embodiment, the top side of the first carrier  130  facing the functional layers  180  is structured into parallel prisms having first areas  175   a  and second areas  175   b.  The lateral, planar extent of the organic light-emitting diode  1  and thus of the first carrier  130  lies in the xy plane. Relative to this xy plane, the first areas  175   a  are inclined by the angle α and the second areas  175   b  by the angle β. The functional layers  180  are applied to the first areas  175   a.  The second areas  175   b  are free of functional layers. In this case, the first carrier  130  can be formed for example with a metal, with a glass, with a ceramic material or with a plastic material. In this case, the first carrier can, in particular, also be embodied in flexible fashion and is formed by a film or a laminate. 
     An encapsulation and hermetic sealing of the organic light-emitting diode  1  described in conjunction with  FIG.  23    can be effected for example by means of an encapsulation layer sequence  160  or by other encapsulation methods described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  19   . 
     Advantageously and in contrast to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in conjunction with  FIG.  21   , the functional layers  180  in the exemplary embodiment in FIG.  23  can be separately drivable. In this way, the brightness of the light generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be regulated particularly well by: more or fewer of the functional layers  180  being energized—depending on the desired brightness. Furthermore, it is possible for the functional layers  180  to differ particularly with regard to the construction of the organic layer sequence  133 , such that different functional layers can emit electromagnetic radiation having different wavelengths. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  24   , a further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail on the basis of a schematic perspective illustration. In this exemplary embodiment, the first carrier  130  is structured into a multiplicity of parallel prisms. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  23   , not only the first areas  175   a  are covered with functional layers  180 , but also the second areas  175   b  are covered with functional layers  180 . 
     In the case of the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  24   , the structured radiation exit area  175  is structured in the form of prisms having the cross section of an isosceles triangle. The arrangement shown results in a symmetrical emission characteristic of the type A-2, with two main radiation directions which are inclined from the z axis by the angle a =in positive and negative x directions. In the y direction, to a first approximation a Lambertian emission profile arises given a sufficient extent of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . If the angles a and β are chosen not to be identical, the two main radiation directions are inclined from the z axis by different angles. At the same time, the intensity with which emission is effected in the main emission direction differs on account of the resultant areas of the functional layers  180  having different magnitudes. 
     Further possibilities for the structuring of the first carrier  130  or generally for the structuring of the radiation exit area  175  are described in conjunction with  FIGS.  25     a , b, c  on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations. In the exemplary embodiment described in conjunction with  FIG.  25   a   , the angles α and β are chosen to have different magnitudes. This results in a distribution of the type A-2 with different intensities in both main emission directions. For an organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits on both sides, for example, the underside of the first carrier  130  can also be correspondingly structured, as is indicated by the dashed line in  FIG.  25     a .    
     With reference to  FIGS.  25   b  and  25   c    it is clarified that the structuring of the radiation exit area  175  need not necessarily be effected by the formation of plane areas  175   a ,  175   b  arranged at specific angles with respect to one another, rather that a structuring can be effected in any desired way, for example in the manner of cylinder sections and the like. 
     Overall, with reference to  FIGS.  21  to  25    it is clarified that an organic light-emitting diode  1  having a directional emission characteristic can be specified by means of the structuring of carriers, encapsulation layers and/or functional layers. In this case, the beam directing can be effected for example by reflection, refraction and/or corresponding orientation of the functional layers  180 . 
     Corresponding structurings can be used for all of the encapsulation and sealing techniques described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   . Furthermore, it is possible to use all of the radiation-emitting layer sequences described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6    for organic light-emitting diodes  1  having a directional emission characteristic. Any desired combinations of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  25    are also possible. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic sectional illustrations in  FIGS.  26 A and  26 B . The organic light-emitting diode  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  26 A and  26 B  is particularly well suited to the illumination of an area  185   a  to be illuminated of an element  185  to be illuminated. 
     The area  185   a  to be illuminated of the element  185  is, for example, part of an outer area of the element  185  to be illuminated. 
     By way of example, the element  185  to be illuminated can be a tile, a poster, a slab, a traffic sign, an information board, a sign, an image or any other element. The element  185  to be illuminated can also be a minor, for example, which has a reflective mirror area as area  185   a  to be illuminated. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  is applied at least indirectly to the element  185  to be illuminated. The organic light-emitting diode  1  can be fixed for example directly on the element  185  to be illuminated. By way of example, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be adhesively bonded by means of a transparent adhesive onto the element  185  to be illuminated. Other fixing methods such as hook and loop fasteners, screw connections, clamping connections, press-fit connections or the like are also possible. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  is a radiation-transmissive, preferably a transparent organic light-emitting diode  1  such as is described here. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  26 A and  2 . 6 B , the organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a first carrier  130  and a second carrier  131 . The functional layers  180 , that is to say for example the first electrode  101 , the second electrode  107  and also the organical layer sequence  133 , are arranged between first carrier  130  and second carrier  131 . In this case, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be encapsulated as described here. That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode  1  need not have two carriers  130 ,  131 , rather it can, for example, also be encapsulated by means of a diffusion barrier  153 , a thin-film encapsulation  154 , a pre-encapsulation layer  156  and/or an encapsulation layer sequence  160 . In this case, it is also possible, in particular, for the organic light-emitting diode  1  with the encapsulation layer sequence  160  to be applied, for example adhesively bonded, onto the area  185   a  to be illuminated of the element  185  to be illuminated. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the organic light-emitting diode  1  is embodied in flexible fashion. It can then be adapted particularly well to the course of the area  185   a  to be illuminated. 
       FIG.  26   a    shows the organic light-emitting diode  1  in a switched-off operating state. That is to say that no electromagnetic radiation is generated in the radiation-emitting region  104  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Electromagnetic radiation  190  impinging from outside on the area  185   a  to be illuminated can penetrate through the transparent organic light-emitting diode  1  and is reflected from the area  185   a  to be illuminated. In this way, an observer sees only the area  185   a  to be illuminated, for example an image, a traffic sign, an information board, a minor or the like. 
       FIG.  26   b    illustrates the organic light-emitting diode  1  schematically in a switched-on operating state. In this switched-on operating state, the radiation-emitting region  104  of the organic light-emitting diode  1  emits electromagnetic radiation  191 , which impinges on the area  185   a  to be illuminated and is at least partly reflected there. Furthermore, electromagnetic radiation  193  can also emerge directly from the organic light-emitting diode  1 , without impinging beforehand on the area  185   a  to be illuminated. The relative ratio of the intensities of indirectly emerging electromagnetic radiation  192  and directly emerging electromagnetic radiation  193  can be adjustable and selectable for example by means of an optical cavity or else by means of first electrodes  101  and second electrodes  107  having different degrees of transparency. 
     In this case, an “optical cavity” can mean, here and hereinafter, in particular, that the organic light-emitting diode  1  forms an optical resonator in which electromagnetic radiation having one or more specific wavelengths and/or one or more specific emission directions can preferably be generated, which can also be designated as resonances or modes, For this purpose, by way of example, the first electrode  101 , the organic layer sequence  133  and the second electrode  107  can be embodied as an optical cavity. That can mean that the at least partly transparent first electrode  101  and the at least partly transparent second electrode  107  additionally also have a reflectivity for the electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 . Alternatively or additionally, the first electrode  101 , the organic layer sequence  133  and the second electrode  107  can be arranged between partly reflective layers, which additionally are also partly transparent. The following description of the optical cavity is explained purely by way of example for partly reflective electrodes  101 ,  107 . 
     The first electrode  101  and or the second electrode  107  can have a reflectance R and/or R′, respectively, and the organical layer sequence  133  can have a refractive index n for the electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 . Since the first  101  and second electrode  107  are partly transparent, R&lt;1 and R′&lt;1 hold true in this case. The refractive index n can be constant over the organic layer sequence  133  or can be constant at least in partial regions, for example in different organic layers. Furthermore, the refractive index n can also vary over the organic layer sequence  133 . The radiation-emitting region  104  of the organic layer sequence can have a thickness d and can be arranged in a manner spaced apart with an average distance L from the first electrode  101  and with an average distance L′ from the second electrode  107 . In this case, the average distance L and the average distance L′ designate the distances from the first electrode  101  and from the second electrode  107 , respectively, which are averaged over the thickness d of the radiation-emitting region  104 . In this case, the parameters R, R′, n, d, L and L′ can be chosen in such a way that the organic layer sequence has a specific emission characteristic. 
     By way of example, the reflectances R and R′ of the first and second electrodes and the refractive index  11  of the organic layer sequence  133  can be predetermined on account of the respective choice of material, such that the desired emission characteristic can be made possible by the choice of the average distances L and L′and the thickness d of the radiation-emitting region  104 . As an alternative thereto, the dimensions of the organic layer sequence  133  and of the radiation-emitting region  104 , that is to say the average distances L and L′ and the thickness d can be predetermined, for example by the construction or the method for production of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . In this case, the desired emission characteristic can be made possible by the choice of the material for the first  101  and second electrode  107  by way of the reflectance R, and R′ thereof. 
     By way of example, the average distances L and L′ can be of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104  or smaller. If the electromagnetic radiation has a spectral distribution of a plurality of wavelengths and/or wavelength ranges, the electromagnetic radiation can in this case also be characterized by an average wavelength and the dimensions of the organic layer sequence  133 , here and hereinafter, can be related to the average wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. 
     Furthermore, the average distances L, L′ can also be less than or equal to half the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, or less than or equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, or even less than or equal to an eighth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore or additionally, the average distances L and L′ can be greater than or equal to 1/20 of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation or else greater than or equal to 1/10. 
     Such average distances L and L′ can bring about, in conjunction with the partly reflective first  101  and second electrode  107 , the formation of an at least semilaterally reflective cavity in the radiation-emitting layer sequence. In this case, a photon or wave packet emitted by an excited state (exciton) in the radiation-emitting region  104  can be reflected at the first electrode  101  and at the second electrode  107 . By virtue of the fact that the average distances L and L′ can be of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation or smaller, when expressed in a simplified way, a feedback of the emitted wave packet with the excited state can still be possible during the emission of the wave packet, such that the excited state, during the emission of the wave packet, can be influenced by the electromagnetic field of its “own” reflected wave packet. Depending on the phase angle of the reflected wave packet, an amplification or attenuation of the emission of the excited state can thus be made possible. In this case, the phase angle can be dependent on the refractive index n of the organic layer sequence  133 , the reflectivities R, R′ of the first  101  and second electrode  107  in conjunction with the penetration depth of the electromagnetic radiation into the first  101  and second electrode  107 , and also on the distances between the excited state and the first  101  and second electrode  107  in conjunction with the emission direction of the wave packet. As a result, a mode structure which can foster and/or bring about an emission of the electromagnetic radiation in specific directions can be formed in the organic layer sequence. Furthermore, the thickness d of the radiation-emitting region  104  can also influence the formation of emission modes. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  can have an emission characteristic of the electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region . 104 , such that the electromagnetic radiation is emitted with a first intensity in the direction of the element  185  to be illuminated and is emitted with a second intensity in the direction of the radiation exit area  174  In this case, the first intensity and the second intensity can be defined at outer areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , that is to say, for example, at surfaces of the first  101  or second electrode  107 , of a carrier  130 ,  133 , or of an encapsulation layer sequence  160 , which face away from the organic layer sequence  133 . “Intensity in the direction” of the element  185  to be illuminated and of the radiation exit area  174  can respectively denote, for the first and second intensities, the respective total intensity into the half-spaces on that side of the organic light-emitting diode  1  which floes and respectively faces away from the element  185  to be illuminated. 
     In this case, the electromagnetic radiation having the first intensity, which is emitted from the organic light-emitting diode  1  in the direction of the element  185  to be illuminated, can illuminate the at least partly non-transparent area  185   a  to be illuminated. By virtue of the fact that the area  185   a  to be illuminated is at least partly non-transparent, at least part of the electromagnetic radiation having the first intensity can be reflected in the direction of the radiation exit area  174  and be perceptible by an external observer through the radiation exit area  174 . In other words, that can mean that, for an external observer, the area  185   a  to be illuminated of the carrier element can be illuminated and thus perceptible in a switched-on operating state of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . This can be the case, in particular, if the first intensity is greater than the second intensity. 
     In this case, such an emission characteristic can be made possible, for example, by the optical cavity as described above. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the first  101  and second electrode  107  can have mutually different transmissivities. If, for instance, the first electrode  101  is arranged on that side of the organic layer sequence  133  which faces the element  185  to be illuminated, and has a greater transmissivity than the second electrode  107 , it can be possible that the electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104  is emitted with a first intensity in the direction of the element  185  to be illuminated, said first intensity being greater than the second intensity. 
     As an alternative thereto, the second intensity can be greater than the first intensity. Such an emission characteristic can be made possible, in turn, by means of an optical cavity, for example. Alternatively or additionally, by way of example, the second electrode  107  can be arranged on that side of the organic layer sequence  133  which faces away from the element  185  to be illuminated, and can have a greater transmissivity than the first electrode  101 . In this case, it can be possible that the area  185   a  to be illuminated is perceptible less clearly in comparison with the switched-off operating state of the organic light-emitting diode  1  since an external observer can perceive the reflected electromagnetic radiation having the first intensity and the electromagnetic radiation having the second intensity that is emitted directly via the radiation exit area of the radiation-emitting arrangement, as a superimposition. Furthermore, in the switched-on operating state, the area  185   a  to be illuminated can be no longer perceptible at all if the electromagnetic radiation having the first intensity that is reflected at the at least partly non-transparent main surface is outshone in the above sense by the electromagnetic radiation having the second intensity. 
     Thus, the organic light-emitting diode  1  and the radiation exit area  174  can appear transparent in the switched-off operating state and can appear non-transparent or likewise at least transparent in the switched-on operating state, depending on the ratio of the first intensity to the second intensity. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  can be embodied such that it is structured for example in such a way that, in the switched-on operating state, the area  185   a  to be illuminated is perceptible through first regions of the radiation exit area  174  and not through second regions. In this case, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can, for example, emit electromagnetic radiation only in partial regions or else emit electromagnetic radiation over a large area. As a result of such segmented illumination and or segmented emission of the electromagnetic radiation in the direction of an external observer, it can be possible that, for example, different illumination patterns can be generated or indications or information can be inserted temporarily. In the switched-off operating state, these patterns, indications and/or information are not visible and do not impair the appearance and the perceptibility of the area to be illuminated. 
     On account of the adjustable intensity ratio it is possible, therefore, that an observer perceives directly milted light  193 , for example only from the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Furthermore, it is possible that the observer perceives principally the area  185   a  to be illuminated of the element  185  to be illuminated. This is possible when the electromagnetic radiation  193  emitted directly toward the outside has a lower intensity than the electromagnetic radiation  191  directed onto the area  185   a  to be illuminated. 
     Furthermore, the impression of the area  185   a  to be illuminated which is perceived by the observer can also be achieved by an alteration of the wavelength of the light generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  during operation. For a particularly realistic rendering of the area  185   a  to be illuminated, however, it may be desirable for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to be a organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits white light and which is transparent. One of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described here can be used for this purpose. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  27   , a further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration. In this exemplary embodiment, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  26   a  and  26   b   , the first carrier  130  is replaced by an encapsulation layer sequence  160  such as is described here. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is once again a transparent organic light-emitting diode  1 , which preferably emits white light. An electrically switchable optical element  186  is arranged between the organic light-emitting diode  1  and the element  185  to be illuminated. By way of example, said electrically switchable optical element can be an electrically switchable diffuser. Said diffuser can have two functional states: firstly it can be switched to be diffusely scattering, that is to say opaque; secondly the diffuser can be switched to be transparent. 
     By way of example, the diffuser can be formed by an electrode pair having planar, transparent electrode layers, between which a liquid crystal layer is arranged. By applying an external voltage, it is possible to influence the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the diffuser in a targeted manner. 
     If the electrically switchable optical element  186  is switched to be diffuse, as is illustrated in  FIG.  27   , electromagnetic radiation  192  generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  is diffusely scattered in the electrically switchable optical element  186 . To the observer, therefore, the area to be illuminated can be perceived only in a blurred fashion or is no longer perceptible at all. In this way, it is possible for the arrangement of organic light-emitting diode  1 , electrically switchable optical element  186  and element  185  to be illuminated to be used in the sense of a luminaire for general lighting. 
     When the electrically switchable optical element  186  is switched to be transparent, the area  185   a  to be illuminated is visible. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  27   , it can be expedient when the area  185   a  to be illuminated and the element  185  to be illuminated are themselves transparent In this way, the arrangement constitutes a transparent luminaire which can be switched to be diffuse as necessary. Such luminaires can be used, for example, as changing cubicles, room dividers or similar elements. Even in the state switched to be diffuse, electromagnetic radiation can still pass through the switchable optical element  186  and thus through the element  185 . In this way, the organic light-emitting diode  1  with the switchable optical element  186  and the element  185  to be illuminated serves as a luminaire which emits on both sides and which is visually impenetrable. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the electrically switchable optical element  186  to be an electrochromic element which can change its color when an external voltage is applied. In this way, by way of example, the light reflected back from the area  185   a  to be illuminated can be dimmed—depending on the magnitude of the applied voltage. 
     Overall, in the case of the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  27   , it is also possible for the area  185   a  to be illuminated to be a mirror. In this case, by means of the electrically switchable optical element  186 , the minor can be switched from a reflective operating state to a diffusely scattering and hence illuminating operating state. 
     In the case of the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  27   , it is furthermore also possible for the electrically switchable optical element  186  to be structured in such a way that there are regions in which no electrically switchable optical element  186  is arranged between the organic light-emitting diode  1  and the area  185   a  to be illuminated. In this way, by way of example, patterns or spatially delimited color shadings can be produced by means of the electrically switchable optical element  186 . 
     A further exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  28   . In this exemplary embodiment, a wavelength conversion substance  187  is disposed downstream of the organic layer sequence  133  at least man emission direction. In this case, it is possible—as illustrated in  FIG.  28   —for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to be a organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits on both sides, wherein a wavelength conversion substance  187  is disposed downstream of the organic light-emitting diode  1  in both main emission directions. For different main emission directions it is possible to use different wavelength conversion substances  187 . 
     By way of example, blue light is emitted in the radiation-emitting region i  04  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits on both sides can then emit white light in one direction and colored light, for example, in the other direction. In this case, the desired color impression can respectively be set by the choice of a suitable wavelength conversion substance  187 . By way of example, the following wavelength conversion substances  187  are appropriate for this purpose: garnets of rare earths and of the alkaline earth metals, for example YAG:Ce 3+ , furthermore also nitrides, nitridosilicates, sions, sialons, aluminates, oxides, halophosphates, orthosilicates, sulfides, vanadates, perylenes, cumarin and chlorosilicates, or mixtures of these substances. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  28   , the wavelength conversion substance  187  is introduced into the first carrier  130  and also the second carrier  131 . However, the wavelength conversion substance  187  can also be applied into a matrix material as a layer onto an outer area of the first carrier  130  and/or of the second carrier  131 . Furthermore, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to have no or only one carrier and to be encapsulated differently. On the basis of the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  28   , all that is elucidated in more specific detail is that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the organic light-emitting diode  1  during operation can also be determined or concomitantly determined by the use of wavelength conversion substances with regard to its color impression. 
       FIGS.  29  and  30    show, on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, exemplary embodiments of organic light-emitting diodes which in each case have a retroreflector  183 . 
     A retroreflector is a reflective optical element which, for a large range of angles of incidence, reflects incident ambient light back substantially in the same direction from which it comes. To put it another way, a part of a light beam that is incident on the retroreflector  183  and a part of said light beam that is reflected by the retroreflector run substantially parallel. In this case, the angle of incidence is the angle between the incident part of the light beam and the normal to the surface of a main extension plane of the retroreflector  183 . 
     In particular, the incident and reflected parts form an angle of less than or equal to 15°, preferably of less than or equal to  10 ′, particularly preferably of less than or equal to 5°. An upper limit for the angle of incidence is, for example, greater than or equal to 45°, preferably greater than or equal to 60°, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 75°. 
     In this case, the retroreflector  183  preferably exhibits slight scattering. To put it another way, the incident part of the light beam is reflected back into a narrow, divergent beam cone. The beam cone has a central axis that runs substantially parallel to the incident part of the light beam, that is to say forms therewith for example an angle of less than or equal to 15°, preferably of less than or equal to 10°, and particularly preferably of less than or equal to 5°. The beam cone can have an aperture angle of 5° or less. 
     The retroreflection by the retroreflector  183  into a narrow, divergent beam cone is advantageous if the light beam incident from an external light source—such as a headlight of a vehicle—is not intended to be reflected back directly into the external light source, but rather is intended to be perceived for example by an observer in the vicinity of the external light source—for instance by the vehicle driver. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in accordance with  FIG.  29   , the electrodes  101 ,  107  and also the organic layer sequence  133  are embodied as at least radiation-transmissive, preferably transparent. In this case, the functional layers  180  are applied to a first carrier  130 , which can be formed for example by a transparent film or with a glass. At all events, the first carrier  130  is preferably embodied in transparent fashion. Purely by way of example, the organic light-emitting diode  1  in the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  29    is encapsulated with an encapsulation layer sequence  160  composed of first encapsulation layer  161  and second encapsulation layer  162 , as described here. Alternatively, all other encapsulation methods and combinations of these encapsulation methods as described here are also possible for forming the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  can be, in particular, a organic light-emitting diode  1  that is transparent, emits white light and is embodied in flexible fashion. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is applied to the retroreflector  183  at its outer area facing away from the organic layer sequence  133 , that is to say with the first carrier  130 . 
     In the present case, the retroreflector  183  is formed from a reflective plate  182 , into which radiation shaping elements  182  are introduced. By way of example, the radiation shaping elements  182  are pyramidal depressions. In this case, the radiation shaping elements  182  can constitute so-called triple mirrors. To put it another way, each radiation shaping element  182  preferably has exactly three side areas. In this case, the side areas can each form an angle of approximately  90 ′, for example an angle of between 85° and 95°, with one another, inclusive of the limits. 
     The radiation shaping elements  182  can be impressed into the reflective plate  181 . Preferably, the reflective plate  181  consists of a reflective metal for this purpose. 
     In contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  29   , in the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  30    the retroreflector is formed by a part of the first carrier  130 . By way of example, the first carrier  130  is embodied as a transparent plastic film or as a glass substrate. The radiation shaping elements  182  are situated as depressions on that side of the first carrier  130  which faces away from the organic layer sequence  133 . The radiation shaping elements are coated from said side preferably with a reflective layer, for example a metal layer applied by vapor deposition. 
     Furthermore, a color filter  184  is disposed downstream of the organic layer sequence  133 , which color filter can be formed for example by color filter particles introduced into the first encapsulation layer  161 . Furthermore, it is possible for a color filter  184  as a separate component to be disposed downstream of the organic layer sequence  133  or to be applied as a separate layer onto the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . 
     The color filter  184  has a high transmission for a first spectral subrange of the visible wavelength spectrum and high absorption for a second spectral subrange of the visible wavelength spectrum. An intensity maximum of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the radiation-emitting region  104  during operation lies within the first spectral subrange transmitted by the color filter  184 . As an alternative to a color filter, it is also possible for the retroreflector  183  itself to contain a wavelength-selective mirror layer for reflecting the ambient light, which layer reflects the first subrange and absorbs and/or transmits the second subrange. 
     Advantageously, that portion of the ambient light which is reflected back by the retroreflector  183  to the radiation exit area  17 $ and is coupled out from the organic light-emitting diode  1  produces in this way substantially the same color impression as the light emitted by the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Advantageously, therefore, the organic light-emitting diode  1  brings about the same color impression independently of the operating state. 
     For embodiments in which only the color impression is of importance, the retroreflector  183  can in this case also be replaced by any other layer embodied in reflective fashion, or some other element embodied in reflective fashion, which need not have retroreflective properties. 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  31 A and  31 B , an exemplary embodiment of an organic light-emitting diode  1  described here is explained in greater detail on the basis of schematic sectional illustrations, the organic light-emitting diode comprising a touch sensor in this exemplary embodiment. By way of example, functions of the organic light-emitting diode  1  or of other devices can be controlled by means of the touch sensor. 
     In the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  31 A and  31 B , the organic light-emitting diode comprises a first carrier  130 , a functional layer sequence  180  arranged onto the first carrier, and also a second carrier  131 . In this case, the encapsulation of the organic light-emitting diode can be effected as described here. With that side of the first carrier  130  which faces away from the functional layers  180 , the organic light-emitting diode  1  is applied to an element  185  to be illuminated, said element comprising an area  185   a  to be illuminated. 
       FIG.  31 B  illustrates the fact that pictorial representations of operating elements  197   a ,  197   b,    197   c  are applied to the area  185   a  to be illuminated. During the operation of the organic light-emitting diode, said operating elements can be illuminated by electromagnetic radiation generated in the radiation-emitting region  104 . 
     A third electrode  195  is arranged at that side of the second carrier  131  which faces away from the functional layers  180 . The third electrode  195  is succeeded by a covering plate  196 . The covering plate can be, for example, a transparent film, sheet or layer. The covering plate  196  can serve as anti-scratch protection. Furthermore, it is possible for the covering plate  196  to increase the light coupling-out of electromagnetic radiation generated in the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The third electrode  195  is electrically conductively connected to a current source  198 , which can be operated with DC current or in a pulsed manner. Field lines  198   a  are thereby generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1 . By way of example, a finger or a pen that touches the covering plate  196  alters the profile of the electric field lines  198   a.  With the aid of an evaluation circuit  199 , it is possible to determine the position of the finger, for example, and in this way to effect the assignment to the operation of one of the operating elements  197   a ,  197   b ,  197   c.    
     In this case, it is also possible for some other touch sensor to be used instead of the above-described capacitively operating touch sensor integrated into an organic light-emitting diode described here. 
     Such touch sensors are for example also described in the documents DE 103329:56 A1 and DF 10308514 A2, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     Furthermore, it is also possible for the operating elements  197   a,    197   b ,  197   c  not to be represented by images on an area  185   a  to be illuminated, but rather for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to be constructed at least in places in the manner of a simple organic display suitable for representing simple images or pictograms. 
     Luminaires  2  are explained in greater detail below. The luminaires  2  can be luminaires  2  for general lighting such as lamps or lights which have further functions—besides their use for general lighting. Thus, the luminaires  2  can form a concealing screen, noise protection, protection against rain or a splash guard, solar protection or the like. In the luminaires  2  described below, in each case at least one organic light-emitting, diode  1  as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31    can be used as light source. Furthermore, combinations of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31    can also be used as light source. 
     The luminaire  2  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  32 A to  32 G  has a wake-up function besides its function for general lighting. That is to say that the luminaire  2  forms a light—for example for room lighting, and an alarm clock. By means of the wake-up function, a user of the luminaire  2  can be waken up at a time of day that can be set, by means of the brightness of the luminaire being increased. 
       FIG.  32 A  shows an exemplary embodiment of such a luminaire  2  on the basis of a schematic perspective illustration. In this case, the luminaire  2  is fixed in the manner of a picture on a wall  204 . In this case,  FIG.  32 A  shows the luminaire  2  in a switched-off operating state. 
     The luminaire  2  comprises, for example, an organic light-emitting diode  1  as explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  26  and  27   . That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  can be transparent and disposed downstream in an area  185   a  to be illuminated. The area  185   a  to he illuminated of the organic light-emitting diode  1  is, for example, a picture, a poster, wallpaper, tiles or the like. Furthermore the area  185   a  to be illuminated can be the reflective surface of a mirror. 
     As can be seen from  FIG.  32 A , in the switched-off state of the luminaire  2 , the area  185   a  to be illuminated is visible through the transparent layers of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
       FIG.  32 B  shows the luminaire  2  in a switched-on operating state. In this operating state, the area  185   a  to be illuminated is no longer discernible. This can be achieved, for example, by utilizing an optical cavity, as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  26 A and  26 B . Furthermore, this can be achieved by means of an electrically switchable optical element.  186 , as described for example in conjunction with  FIG.  27   . The luminaire  2  therefore has at least two operating states: in a first operating state, the area  185   a  to he illuminated is discernible; in a second operating state, the luminaire  2  serves only for general lighting. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the luminaire  2  is explained in greater detail with reference to the basic schematic diagram in  FIG.  32 C . In this case, the luminaire  2  comprises the organic light-emitting diode  1  and also a driving device  201 . An activation time for the luminaire  2  can be set by means of the driving device  201 . Said activation time can be a desired wake-up time t 1 , for example. 
     It is possible in this case for the driving device  201  to regulate only two operating states of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . Thus, by means of the driving device  201 , the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be switched from the switched-off operating state into the switched-on operating state with maximum light intensity Imax at the desired wake-up time t 1 . 
     In another embodiment of the luminaire  2 , as explained with reference to the graphical plot in  FIG.  32 D , however, a slow, continuous increase in the light intensity I up to the maximum light intensity Imax takes place at the wake-up time t 1 . 
     In this case, it can be seen from the graphical plot in  FIG.  32 D  that the light intensity generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  assumes a finite value as a result of the organic light-emitting diode  1  being switched on at the wake-up time ti and rises slowly from there. Such a rise can take place, for example, by means of a correspondingly slow increase in the current intensity with which the organic light-emitting diode  1  is operated. Furthermore, it is possible for the light intensity I to be increased by means of pulse width modulation. :A combination of these two possibilities can also prove to be advantageous. 
     An alternative possibility for slowly increasing the light intensity I is described in greater detail with reference to the graphical illustration in  FIG.  32 E . Here, starting from the wake-up time t 1 , the light intensity I is increased in steps, the light intensity in each case being kept constant for certain time intervals t 2 . 
     Overall, the temporal profiles of the light intensity as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  32 D and  32 E  enable the user of the luminaire to be woken up particularly gently. The light intensity increases from a light intensity  1 = 0  up to a light intensity Imax over a time period of  5  minutes, for example. 
     In this case, the light intensity Imax is preferably at least 1000 cd, particularly preferably at least 5000 cd. In the extreme case it is possible for the light intensity Imax to be 10 000 cd. 
     Such high light intensities are possible in particular with the phosphorescent emitter materials described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6   . On account of their high efficiency, these materials allow particularly bright light to be generated. A possible temporal delay of the radiation emission by said phosphorescent emitter materials is not of importance in the case of the luminaire  2  in accordance with the exemplary embodiments in  FIGS.  32 D and  32 E , since the light intensity I is intended to be increased relatively slowly. 
     By way of example, the luminaire  2  can comprise an organic light-emitting diode  1  as described in conjunction with  FIG.  3   . The organic light-emitting diode  1  then preferably emits white light. 
     An exemplary embodiment of a luminaire which can be controlled and/or regulated in different ways by the user is described in conjunction with  FIG.  32 F . Firstly, the luminaire  2  can comprise operating elements  197  for example in the region of a corner of the luminaire. The operating elements  197  can be operated by the user by means of a touch sensor, for example, as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  31 A and  31 B . That is to say that the luminaire  2  comprises, for example, an organic light-emitting diode  1  with a capacitively operating touch sensor. 
     Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to be operated by means of a remote control  202 . 
     By means of the operating elements  197 , the operating state of the luminaire can be set, for example. Thus, the desired wake-up time can be predetermined by means of the operating elements  197  and or the remote control  202 . Furthermore, the operating state of the luminaire can be selected by means of the operating elements  197  and/or the remote control  202 . By way of example, the luminaire  2  can thereby be switched from the switched-off operating state, in which the area  185   a  to be illuminated is visible, to a luminous operating state, in which the luminaire  2  serves for room lighting. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustration in  FIG.  32 G . In this exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  is subdivided into a multiplicity of segments  203 . The segments  203  are individually drivable functional layers  180 , which can differ from one another, for example by virtue of different emitter materials. Furthermore, the segments can be individual organic light-emitting diodes  1 . Such a luminaire  2  makes it possible to realize, alongside or as an alternative to a temporal profile of the light intensity I, also a temporal profile of the color locus and/or of the color temperature T. 
     By way of example, firstly warm-white, reddish light having a color temperature T of approximately 4000 K can be generated at the wake-up time t 1 , wherein, for example, segments  203  that generate a reddish white light are principally operated 
     In the temporal profile, it is then possible for the color temperature to rise up to a maximum color temperature Tmax of approximately  25   000  K. At this color temperature, cold, bluish, white light is generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2 . 
     In this way, therefore, the luminaire  2  is designed to generate white light having color temperatures T of at least 4000 K to at most 25 000 K, wherein the light intensity I can simultaneously rise from  0  cd to  10   000  cd. In the temporal profile, therefore, a sunrise in time lapse is simulated by the luminaire  2 . In this way, the luminaire  2  enables the user of the luminaire to be woken up particularly naturally and gently. 
     In  FIGS.  32 H and  32 I , two possibilities for temporally varying the color temperature T are illustrated graphically on the basis of graphical plots. In this case, the color temperature T can be increased from T0 approximately 4000 K to Tmax approximately 25 000 K continuously (see  FIG.  32 H ) or in steps (see  FIG.  32 I ). The increase in the light intensity I as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  32 D and  32 E  can simultaneously be effected. 
     Overall, exemplary embodiments of a luminaire which also comprises a wake-up function besides its function for general lighting are described in conjunction with  FIGS.  32 A to  32 E . The organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  can be embodied in transparent and flexible fashion. The luminaire can be suitable for generating white light having different color temperatures and can be provided for generating light having different color temperatures and light intensities. Behind the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2 , an area  185   a  to be illuminated can be arranged, which can be exchanged by the user. In this way, the luminaire  2  can be combined with any desired posters, wall tiles, pictures, mirrors or the like, which allows particularly diverse use of the luminaire. In this case, the luminaire  2  contains at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  as described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31   , or an organic light-emitting diode  1  that constitutes a combination of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31   . 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  33 A to  33 D . 
       FIG.  33 A  shows, on the basis of a schematic perspective illustration, a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here. In this case, the luminaire  2  forms large-area room lighting that can be utilized as part of a shower cubicle  215 . That is to say that the luminaire  2  performs a double function: firstly it serves as a light for general lighting, and secondly it constitutes a splash guard. 
     In this case, the luminaire  2  is emissive on both sides, such that electromagnetic radiation  190  from the luminaire  2  can be directed into the interior of the shower cubicle  215 . Furthermore, electromagnetic radiation  191  is emitted in opposite directions from the shower cubicle into the room to be illuminated. 
     An exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  which can be utilized as part - for example as a boundary wall—of a shower cubicle  215  is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic sectional illustration in  FIG.  33 B . The luminaire  2  comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  as explained in greater detail in conjunction with or in the combination of  FIGS.  1  to  32   . 
     In this case, the organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a first carrier  130  and also a second carrier  131 , which are arranged parallel or substantially parallel to one another. First carrier  130  and second carrier  131  are preferably each formed from a radiation-transmissive material. In this case, first carrier  130  and second carrier  131  are not necessarily transparent; it is sufficient if one of the carriers, or both carriers, is or are embodied as diffusely radiation-transmissive, for example. In this case, the functional layers  180  of the organic light-emitting diode need not necessarily be embodied in transparent fashion; it is sufficient if the functional layers  180  are emissive on both sides. 
     A first and/or second carrier  130 ,  131  embodied in diffuse fashion has the advantage in this case that the luminaire  2  also functions as a concealing screen of the shower cubicle besides its properties for lighting and fora splash guard. First carrier  130  and second carrier  131  can, for example, be formed with an opalescent glass or consist of an opalescent glass. Furthermore, it is possible for at least one of the two carriers to have a surface structuring or a patterning which—in addition to light scattering—can also serve for the artistic decoration of the outer area of the luminaire  2  and/or for beam directing of the electromagnetic radiation  190 ,  191 . 
     First, carrier  130  and second carrier  131  can be embodied as planar plates. Furthermore, it is possible for the carriers—as illustrated in  FIGS.  33 A and  33 B —to be bent in the manner of a cylinder lateral surface segment and for the luminaire  2  thus to have curved radiation exit areas  174 . 
     The functional layers  180  of the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be encapsulated, in the cavity formed by the first carrier  130  and the second carrier  131 , by means of the carriers  130 ,  131  and a connecting means  140  arranged marginally. Furthermore, other techniques for encapsulating and sealing, the functional layers  180 , as described for example in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   , are also possible. Furthermore, combinations of said sealing and encapsulation techniques are also possible. 
     In this case, the use of an organic light-emitting diode in a bathroom makes stringent requirements of the hermetic sealing of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The organic light-emitting diode  1  has to withstand a room climate having high air humidity and relatively high temperatures for long times. 
       FIG.  33 C , for example, shows a schematic sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the luminaire  2  in which such a good hermetic sealing can be achieved particularly efficiently In this case, the sealing by means of the first carrier  130  and the second carrier  131  and also the connecting means  140  is combined with an encapsulation of the functional layers I SO by an encapsulation layer sequence  160 . That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode  1  has a double encapsulation in this case: first, it is protected by the carriers  130 ,  131  and the connecting means  140 , and secondly by the particularly impermeable encapsulation layer sequence  160 . This enables particularly efficient encapsulation of the luminaire and therefore use in a bathroom in conjunction with long lifetimes of the luminaire  2 . 
     The connecting means  140  can be, for example, a glass solder or a glass frit material, which is led in a frame-like manner around the functional layers  180  and also the encapsulation layer sequence  160 . 
     Furthermore, one of the further encapsulation techniques described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   , such as, for example, a diffusion barrier or a thin-film encapsulation, can be used for encapsulation purposes. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  33 D , a further exemplary embodiment of the luminaire  2 , in which the organic light-emitting diode  1  is well protected at least against splash water from the shower, is explained on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration. In this exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode  1  is applied to the outer area of a radiation-transmissive plate  205  that faces away from the shower. 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  can then be, for example, a flexibly embodied organic light-emitting diode  1  which emits on both sides. Such a organic light-emitting diode  1  can have a flexible film as carrier. Furthermore, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to be applied to the outer area of the radiation-transmissive plate  205  in the sense of a transfer. 
     Overall, applying the organic light-emitting diode  1  to an outer area of the radiation-transmissive plate  205  enables the organic light-emitting diode  1  to be rapidly removed and thus rapidly exchanged. Therefore, the demands with regard to encapsulation that have to be placed on such a light-emitting diode  1  are not as stringent as in the case of luminaires in accordance with  FIGS.  33 B and  33 C , for example. That is to say that in the exemplary embodiment in  FIG.  33 D , the lifetime of the organic light-emitting diode  1  does not limit the lifetime of the shower cubicle, rather the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be replaced by a new organic light-emitting diode  1  after it has been damaged. 
     In the exemplary embodiments in  FIGS.  33 B to  33 D , the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  is illustrated as a large-area organic light-emitting diode  1 . However, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can also be divided into a multiplicity of segments  203 , which can be suitable, for example, for generating electromagnetic radiation having differing wavelengths. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to comprise a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  which, for example, can each have a common first carrier  130 . In order to form the organic layer sequence  133  and also the electrodes  101  and  107  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , it is possible to use, for example, the materials described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6    and the layer constructions described in conjunction with said figures. Overall, therefore, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be—depending on the embodiment—a organic light-emitting diode  1  that is transparent, emits on both sides, emits white light, and/or is flexible. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  34 A to  34 C . In this exemplary embodiment, too, the luminaire  2  constitutes large-area room lighting and also part, for example the wall, of a shower cubicle  215 . 
     To supplement, for example, the exemplary embodiment described in conjunction with  FIG.  33 C , the luminaire  2  has, in addition to the at least one organic light-emitting diode  1 , at least one second light source, which is embodied as a light-emitting diode  210  in the present case (in this respect, cf  FIG.  34 B , for example). The light-emitting diodes  210  are arranged for example at the top area and/or the bottom area of the second carrier  131 . However, they can also be applied on the top and/or bottom area of a radiation-transmissive plate  205 , as described in conjunction with  FIG.  33 D . Generally, at least one inorganic light-emitting diode  210  can be arranged at a side area of a radiation-transmissive carrier or a radiation-transmissive plate, wherein the carrier or the plate can serve as a large-area optical waveguide for electromagnetic radiation generated by the light-emitting diode. 
     As explained in con with the schematic sectional illustration in  FIG.  34 C , the second carrier  131  forms for example an optical waveguide for electromagnetic radiation  192  generated by the light-emitting diodes  210 . In this case, a reflective layer or coating  211 , which is transmissive to electromagnetic radiation  190  generated in the organic layer sequence  133 , is preferably applied to the inner side of the second carrier  131  facing the organic layer sequence  133 . By contrast, the reflective layer  211  is embodied such that it is reflective for electromagnetic radiation  192  generated by the light-emitting diodes  210 . In this case, the reflective layer  211  and/or the second carrier  131  can have structurings that allow the electromagnetic radiation  192  to be distributed as uniformly as possible over the entire area of the second carrier  131 . The second carrier  131  therefore serves as a planar optical waveguide that permits the electromagnetic radiation generated by the inorganic light-emitting diodes  210  to be emitted homogeneously into the interior of the shower. 
     The light-emitting diodes  210  are preferably inorganic light-emitting diodes suitable for generating UV radiation, infrared radiation and/or visible light. In this case, it is possible for the luminaire to comprise light-emitting diodes  210  for generating infrared radiation and also IJV radiation and/or visible light. 
     The luminaire  2  can comprise, for example, an operating mode in which infrared radiation  192  is generated by the light-emitting diodes  210 . Said infrared radiation is conducted by the second carrier  131  and the reflective layer  211  into the interior of the shower cubicle, where it is used firstly for warming a user secondly, the radiation can be used for faster drying of the shower cubicle after the shower cubicle has been used. 
     In a further operating state, only the light-emitting diodes  210  of the luminaire  2  which emit LI V light are activated. In this operating state, the emitted radiation  192  is used for tanning a user and/or for disinfecting the shower after the end of the use thereof. 
     In a third operating state, light-emitting diodes  210  that emit infrared light and LTV light can be operated simultaneously, as a result of which combinations of the functions mentioned are possible. Furthermore, it is also possible for the luminaire  2  to comprise organic light-emitting diodes  1  that are suitable for generating infrared radiation. Suitable emitter materials are described for example in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6   . 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire to generate, at least during the operation of the shower, white light with which, depending on the water temperature, red light components (for hot water) or blue light components (for cold water) are admixed for example by means of corresponding inorganic light-emitting diodes  210  or organic light-emitting diodes  1 . 
     Finally, exemplary embodiments are possible in which, during the operation of the luminaire  2 , color profiles of the emitted light are generated or a desired color temperature can be set. This can be realized for example by means of corresponding organic light-emitting diodes  1  and/or inorganic light-emitting diodes  210 . 
     Overall, the luminaire  2  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  33  and  34    realizes particularly variable, large-area room lighting that simultaneously serves as a splash guard in a shower. In this case, the light color, the light temperature and also the light intensity can be adjustable according to the user&#39;s wishes. Furthermore, the luminaire  2  can serve as an indicator device for the water temperature, as a result of which, by way of example, it is possible to prevent use of the shower at excessively cold or excessively hot water temperatures. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the light functions such as color, color temperature and/or color intensity to be changed temporally, as explained in greater detail for example in conjunction with the luminaire in accordance with  FIGS.  32 A to  32 I . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  35    an explanation is given, with reference to a basic schematic diagram, of the fact that the luminaire  2  can be operated by means of operating elements  197  that are addressed by means of a touch sensor. For this purpose, it is possible to use a touch sensor as explained in greater detail for example in conjunction with  FIGS.  31   ..k and  31 B. In this case, the operating element can be accessible both from the inner side of the shower and from the outer side of the shower. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for not only the light function of the luminaire  2  but, for example, also the mixing faucet of the shower and hence the water temperature and the water strength to be regulated by means of the operating element  197 . 
     On the other hand, it is also possible, however, for, for example, the color of the emitted light of the luminaire  2  to be regulated by means of the mixing faucet during the operation of the shower. That is to say that, by way of example, the color of the light emitted by the luminaire  2  can be adapted by means of the setting of the water temperature. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained here in greater detail in conjunction with the perspectively schematic illustration in  FIG.  36   . In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire  2  is accorded a double function: 
     Firstly, the luminaire  2  serves for general lighting. By way of example, it can constitute the main light in a bathroom. 
     Secondly, the luminaire  2  comprises a shower head for a shower. 
     That is to say that firstly the luminaire  2  emits electromagnetic radiation  190 ,  191 , and secondly the luminaire  2  distributes water via the shower head  220 . In this case, the luminaire  2  can be suitable for emitting electromagnetic radiation  190 ,  191  having different electromagnetic wavelengths simultaneously or successively. For this purpose, the luminaire  2  can comprise, for example, a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes  1  suitable for generating electromagnetic radiation having mutually different wavelengths. The luminaire  2  can then emit light of different colors for example simultaneously or sequentially. Furthermore, the luminaire can be suitable for emitting white light. For this purpose, the luminaire can comprise one or a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes  1  which each emit white light during operation. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  only to emit light of a single color. For this purpose, the luminaire can comprise one or a plurality of organic light-entittin 2 ,!diodes  1  which each emit colored light, for example green or red light, during operation. 
     An exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  comprising a shower head  220  is described in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic plan view in  FIG.  37 A  and also the schematic sectional illustration in  FIG.  37 B , 
     The luminaire  2  comprises the shower head  220 . The shower head  220  can be embodied for example as circular, square or in some other shape in the plan view. The shower head  220  can be, on the one hand, the shower head of a handheld shower unit, said shower head having a diameter D of at least  5  cm and at most  20  cm. Furthermore, it is possible for the shower head  220  to be a large-area shower head having, for example, a diameter D of at least 50 cm, preferably at least 80 cm, particularly preferably at least 100 cm. Such a shower head  220  is then preferably fitted directly to the ceiling of a bathroom, for example. Water  222  from such a shower head  220  falls like rain from a relatively large height and in a manner distributed over a relatively large area onto the user of the luminaire  2 . 
     In this exemplary embodiment, the shower head  220  comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  suitable, for example, for emitting white light  190 . For this purpose, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can have a layer construction as described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6   . Furthermore, the organic light-emitting diode has an encapsulation as explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20   . Combinations of the layer sequences described in the figures and of the encapsulations described in the figures are also possible. 
     By way of example, the organic light-emitting diode  1  has a double or triple seal. Thus, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be sealed by means of a first carrier  130 , a second carrier  131  and also a connecting means  140 . Furthermore, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can comprise an encapsulation layer sequence  160 . Overall, a particularly good encapsulation is preferably chosen for the organic light-emitting diode  1  since the organic light-emitting diode  1  is in direct contact with water  222  at least in places. That is to say that, for example, at least one of the carriers  130 .  131  is wetted with water  222  during the operation of the shower head  220  of the luminaire  2 . 
     The luminaire  2  comprises the shower head  220  which has a passage opening  224 , by which said shower head is connected to the water supply. Water  222  passes into the shower head  220  via the passage opening  224 . The water  222  flows around the organic light-emitting diode  1  at the outer areas thereof and in this way passes to the cover plate  223  of the shower head. The cover plate  223  has openings  221  through which the water  220  can pass from the shower head. 
     In this exemplary embodiment, the cover plate  223  is in this case embodied as radiation-transmissive, for example transparent. Electromagnetic radiation  190  from the organic light-emitting diode  1  can leave the cover plate both through the openings  221  and through the other, non-water-pervious regions of the cover plate  223 . 
     Overall, the organic light-emitting diode  1  is integrated into the shower head  220  in the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  37 A and  37 B . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  38   , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  with shower head  220  as described here is explained in greater detail with reference to a schematic sectional illustration. In this exemplary embodiment, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  37 A and  37 B , the organic light-emitting diode  1  is divided into segments  203 . In this case, light having mutually different colors is emitted in the segments  203  during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The segments  203  are jointly encapsulated for example by a common carrier pair  130 ,  131  and a connecting means  140  arranged marginally and in frame-like fashion. The segments  203  can furthermore be sealed jointly, or each segment can be sealed by itself, by means of an encapsulation layer sequence  160 . The segments  203  can be individually drivable, such that light of different colors can be generated simultaneously or sequentially. Alongside the described segmentation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , however, it is also possible for the luminaire  2  to comprise a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes  1  suitable for generating light of mutually different colors. 
     As a further, optional difference with respect to the exemplary embodiment explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  37 A and  37 B , the cover plate  223  of the shower head  220  can in this case be embodied as non-radiation-transmissive. That is to say that electromagnetic radiation  190 ,  191  can then leave the shower head  220  only together with the water  222  through the openings  221 . In this case, the water jets  222  that leave the shower head  220  can serve as a kind of optical waveguide for the electromagnetic radiation  190 ,  191  generated in the segments  203  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     That is to say that, during operation, the shower head  220  can emit differently colored water jets  220  at different locations. The non-radiation-transmissive embodiment of the cover plate  223  can result in a particularly good separation of the different light colors. By way of example, with the shower head  220  it is possible in this way to produce a shower of water which is similar in appearance to a rainbow when viewed from a distance. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  39 A , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail with reference to a schematic sectional illustration.  FIG.  39 B  shows a schematic plan view of the luminaire  2  from that side of the shower head  220  which faces away from the openings  221 . 
     In this exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting diode  1  is provided with the passage opening  224 , which is arranged for example at a central location through the organic light-emitting diode  1 . That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode has a hole through which water is flushed during the operation of the shower head  220  of the luminaire  2 . 
     At the edges  224   a  of the passage opening  224 , the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be sealed for example by means of a glass solder or a glass frit as connecting means  140 . Furthermore, the connecting means  140  can be provided with an encapsulation layer sequence  160 , which additionally seals the connecting means. Such a construction is explained in greater detail by way of example in conjunction with  FIGS.  14 B and  18   . 
     The functional layers  180  of the organic light-emitting diode  1  can additionally once again be sealed by an encapsulation layer sequence  160 , a diffusion barrier  153 , a thin-film encapsulation  154 , a resist layer  150  or further measures. 
     Water  222  passes through the passage opening  224  into a gap arranged between the cover plate  223  of the shower head  220  and the organic light-emitting diode  1 . The cover plate  223  once again comprises openings  221  through which the water  220  can pass. In this case, the cover plate  223  can be embodied as radiation-transmissive, then transparent for example, or non-radiation-transmissive. The organic light-emitting diode  1  can emit white light, colored light or light of different colors—as explained for example in conjunction with  FIG.  38   . 
     In comparison with the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  37  and  38   , in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG.  39   , only the underside—facing the cover plate  223 —of the organic light-emitting diode  1  and also the side areas of the organic light-emitting diode  1  in the region of the edge  224  of the passage opening are directly exposed to the water  222 . On the other hand, in order to encapsulate the organic light-emitting diode  1 , special carriers  130 ,  131  having a passage opening  224  have to be provided. This can make it more expensive to produce the luminaire  2 , as explained in conjunction with  FIGS.  39 A and  39 B . 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  40 A and  40 B , the driving of the luminaire  2  is explained in greater detail with reference to schematic illustrations, 
       FIG.  40 A  schematically shows a mixing faucet: which can he used to set the water temperature TW by means of a rotary movement of the faucet  22   a.  In this case, it is possible for the color, that is to say the color locus O and/or the color temperature T, of the light emitted by the organic light-emitting diode  1  simultaneously to be set by way of the water temperature TW. Furthermore, it is possible for the setting of the color locus O and/or of the color temperature T to be effected by means of a translational movement of the mixing faucet. Overall, the mixing faucet  225  described in conjunction with  FIG.  40 A  is therefore used in exemplary embodiments of the luminaire  2  in which the color locus and the color temperature of the light generated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  can also be set by means of the mixing faucet of the shower. 
     Furthermore, it is also possible for the shower head  1  to be driven by means of touch-sensitive operating elements  197  as explained in greater detail for example in conjunction with  FIG.  35   . Said operating elements can be integrated as touch-sensitive organic light-emitting diodes, for example, into a wall tile, a tile or into a shower cubicle. In particular, the luminaire  2  with shower head  220  can also be combined with the luminaire  2  embodied as part of a shower cubicle  215 . That is to say that the exemplary embodiments described in conjunction with  FIGS.  33  to  35    can be combined with a luminaire  2  in accordance with the exemplary embodiments in  FIGS.  36  to  40    in one and the same shower. 
       FIG.  40 B  shows, on the basis of a schematic illustration, a further possibility for driving the luminaire  2  as explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  36  to  39   . By way of example in a manner supplementing a mixing faucet  225 , for driving purposes it is possible to use the regulating device  226 , by means of which a specific shower program can be preset. By way of example, a temporal profile of the water temperature and also of the light emitted by the luminaire  2  can be preset by means of the shower program. 
     In this case, a luminaire  2  with shower head  220  and at the same time a luminaire  2  with a shower cubicle  215  can be driven. In this case, water temperature, pressure of the water jet, color temperature and/or color locus can be changed in a manner coordinated with one another by the regulating device  226  in temporal succession. By way of example, in this case a simulated sunrise as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  32 H and  32 I , can be simulated by the luminaire.  2 ., wherein at the same time for example the water temperature is increased or decreased continuously or in steps. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  41 A to  41 D . In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire  2  comprises the functions of a mirror, a light for general lighting and also a display device for simple graphical elements. 
     In this case,  FIG.  41 A  shows a first operating state of the luminaire  2 . In this operating state, the luminaire  2  is not actively radiation-generating. The luminaire  2  appears like a normal mirror that reflects back electromagnetic radiation  191  impinging on it. Such a luminaire  2  can be used for example as a bathroom mirror or wardrobe minor. 
     A second operating state of the luminaire  2  is illustrated graphically in conjunction with  FIG.  41 B . In this operating state, the luminaire  2  serves as a light for general lighting. In this operating state, the luminaire  2  principally emits electromagnetic radiation  190  that is generated for example by an organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  during the operation of the luminaire. The luminaire  2  does not serve as a minor in this operating state. That is to say that electromagnetic radiation  191  impinging on the luminaire  2  externally is in this case outshone by the generated electromagnetic radiation  190 . 
     A third operating state of the luminaire  2  is illustrated schematically in conjunction with  FIG.  41 C . In this operating state, patterns  230  are represented by the luminaire  2 . Furthermore, the luminaire  2  can reflect impinging electromagnetic radiation  191  and/or actively emit electromagnetic radiation  190 . The fact of whether the luminaire  2  has recognizable reflective properties, that is to say whether electromagnetic radiation  191  that impinges on the luminaire  2  is reflected by the latter in a manner perceptible to the user, is dependent on the light intensity with which electromagnetic radiation  190  is actively generated by the luminaire  2 . The light intensity of the electromagnetic radiation  190  that is actively generated by the luminaire  2  can be set for example by means of the current intensity with which the luminaire  2  is energized. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  41 D , an exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  which has the operating states described in conjunction with  FIGS.  41 A to  41 C  is explained in greater detail with reference to a schematic sectional illustration. In this case, the construction of the luminaire  2 , is similar to the construction of the organic light-emitting diode  1  explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  27   . 
     In this case, the luminaire.  2  comprises a transparent organic light-emitting diode  1 . The transparent organic light-emitting diode  1  can comprise functional layers  180  arranged between a first carrier  130  and a second carrier  131 . Preferably, the organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a radiation-emitting region  104  suitable for generating white light. The organic light-emitting diode  1  emits electromagnetic radiation  190  from its two main areas. 
     Any exemplary embodiment and also any combination of exemplary embodiments described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6    can be used for forming the organic layer sequence  133 . Preferably, embodiments as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  7  to  20    or combinations of said embodiments are used for encapsulating and hermetically sealing the organic light-emitting diode  1 . All that is important in the exemplary embodiment of the luminaire  2  in  FIG.  41 D  is that the organic light-emitting diode  1  is embodied in transparent fashion. 
     The luminaire  2  furthermore comprises an area  185   a  to be illuminated of an element  185  to be illuminated. The element  185  to be illuminated is a mirror, and the area  185   a  to be illuminated constitutes the reflective surface of the minor. 
     An electrically switchable optical element  186  is arranged in a structured manner between the organic light-emitting diode  1 , that is to say between the first carrier  130  and the illuminating surface  185   a . In the present case, the electrically switchable optical element  186  forms the pattern  230  to be represented. However, it is also possible for the electrically switchable optical element  186  to be a negative image of the pattern  230  to be represented. A transparent material  188  formed from a transparent plastic or glass, for example, is arranged at locations where no electrically switchable optical element  186  is situated between element  185  to be illuminated and first carrier  130 . That is to say that the space between the organic light-emitting diode  1  and the area  185   a  to be illuminated is filled with the transparent materia 1188  and the electrically switchable optical element  186 . 
     The electrically switchable optical element  186 , then, has two operating states, for example: in a first operating state, the electrically switchable optical element  186  is transparent. In this operating state, the luminaire  2  can, as shown in  FIG.  41 A , be operated as a minor or, as illustrated in  FIG.  41 B , be operated as a light, no pattern  230  being discernible. 
     On the other hand, the electrically switchable optical element  186  has at least one second operating state in which, for electromagnetic radiation  190  generated by the luminaire, said electrically switchable optical element is either absorbent, attenuating, or acts as a color filter. In this way, in this operating state, a pattern  230  can be generated by illumination of the structured, electrically switchable optical element  186 . 
     Depending on the embodiment of the electrically switchable optical element  186 , the pattern can appear dark—for example black—or colored. The electrically switchable optical element  186  is an electrochromic element, for example, such as is also used in electrically tintable glass panes. 
     As already described in conjunction with  FIGS.  26  and  27   , the proportion of the electromagnetic radiation  190  which passes directly from the luminaire toward the outside without in the process previously reaching the area  185   a  to be illuminated can be set by means of an optical cavity. In this way, the manufacturer of the luminaire  2  can preset the contrast with which the pattern  230  is intended to appear in the third operating state. 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  42 A to  42 C , an explanation is given, on the basis of schematic illustrations, of the fact that the luminaire  2  can be operated with a touch-sensitive operating element  197 . By way of example, by means of translational movements of the hand on a region of the second carrier  131  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , it is possible to change the operating state or to increase or decrease the brightness of the emitted light (see  FIGS.  42 A and  42 C ). 
     By means of tapping, as illustrated schematically in  FIG.  42 B , on the operating element  197 , it is possible, for example, for the luminous function to be switched off and on, that is to say for switching between the first and second operating states to be effected. Overall, a touch-sensitive organic light-emitting diode  1  as explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  31    can again be used for forming the operating element  197 . 
     As an alternative to a touch-sensitive control of the luminaire  2 , however, it is also possible for gesture control of the luminaire  2  to be effected. In this case, the user of the luminaire  2  does not have to touch the radiation exit area  174  of the luminaire. Rather, a camera is fixed to or in the vicinity of the luminaire  2 . By means of an evaluation circuit, a specific command—for example a change of operating state—can be calculated from images recorded by the camera. This construction—which is more complicated in comparison with touch control affords the advantage that the radiation exit area  174  is not smeared, for example by fingerprints of the user. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  43  and  44   . In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire  2  is part of  235 . 
     As illustrated schematically in conjunction with  figure  43   , the luminaire  2  can be used both as a wall tile and as a floor tile. 
     An exemplary embodiment of such a luminaire is schematically explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  44 A and  44 B . The luminaire comprises an organic light-emitting diode  1 , which is preferably embodied in non-slip fashion. For this purpose, the first, carrier  130  and the second carrier  131  of the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be formed from a shatter-resistant glass. Spacers  238  are arranged at regular distance between the carriers  130 ,  131 , which spacers can, for example, likewise be formed from a glass material. Thus, the spacers  238  can be, for example, posts or dams which are formed with a glass solder or a glass frit material. In this case, the spacers  238  prevent the second carrier  131  from being pressed onto the functional layers  180  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     The organic light-emitting diode  1  is preferably embodied as a transparent organic light-emitting diode. The organic light-emitting diode can be provided, for example, as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  26  and  27   , for illuminating the tile  235 . In this case, the connection conductors  236  for making electrical contact with the organic light-emitting diode  1  are arranged at the edge side of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , where joints of the tiles  235  extend. In this way, the connection conductors  236  do not disturb the visual impression of the tiles. 
     As is illustrated schematically in  FIGS.  44 A and  44 B , adjacent luminaires  2  can be electrically connected to one another via electrical connectors  237  and in this way be connected in series or in parallel with one another, for example. However, it is also possible for each of the luminaires  2  to be individually drivable. Electrical connecting conductors for driving the luminaires  2  extend below the tiles  235 , for example. 
     Besides or in addition to the generation of white light or colored light, the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire,  2  can also be designed for generating infrared radiation. By way of example, an organic light-emitting diode  1  as explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  6    can be used for this purpose. A luminaire  2  comprising such an organic light-emitting diode  1  generates heat during the operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1 , and can thus be used as an alternative to a wall or floor heating system. 
     In a simple embodiment of the luminaire  2  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  43  and  44   , the organic light-emitting diode  1  can be a transparent organic light-emitting diode  1  that is adhesively bonded in a simple manner onto a wall, ceiling or floor tile that has already been laid. Such an organic light-emitting diode  1  can be embodied in flexible fashion, for example, and can be fixable on a tile  235  in the manner of a transfer. By way of example, the functional layers are sealed with an encapsulation layer sequence  160  as described further above. The organic light-emitting diode  1  can then be adhesively bonded onto the tile  235  in particular at the outer area of the encapsulation layer sequence  160 , in this way, the luminaire can be used in a simple and cost-effective mariner for tiles that have already been laid. 
     Besides energization of the luminaire  2  via connection conductors  236 , inductive or capacitive driving of the luminaire  2  is also conceivable, for example. In this case, the connection conductors  236  can be dispensed with; the energization can be effected by means of a transmitter of electromagnetic radiation, for example. What can disadvantageously arise in this case is that the luminous intensity of the luminaire  2  is reduced by comparison with a luminaire  2  energized by means of electrical connection conductors  236 . 
       FIG.  45 A  shows an exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here on the basis of a schematic perspective illustration. The luminaire  2  is a large-area, segmented luminaire  2 . 
     The luminaire  2  is fixed to the ceiling of a room in the manner of a ceiling light by means of holding devices  239 . The holding devices  239  are, for example, power cables, metal wires or rods containing an electrically conductive material. The holding devices  239  are used to effect besides mechanical fixing of the luminaire  2 —also electrical contact-connection and thus energization of the luminaire  2 . 
     As is evident in particular from the schematic: illustration in  FIG.  45 B , the luminaire  2  comprises a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1 . That is to say that the luminaire  2  is segmented into a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1 . The organic light-emitting diodes  1  can be embodied in flexible or rigid fashion, for example. 
     Different organic light-emitting diodes  1  of the luminaire  2  can be provided for generating light of different colors. In this way, the luminaire  2  is suitable for emitting light of different colors and/or different color temperatures during operation. The light emitted by the luminaire  2  can thus be flexibly adapted to the requirements of its use. By way of example, the luminaire  2  can generate light similar to daylight, which is particularly well suited to work. Furthermore, it is possible for reddish light to be generate by means of the same luminaire  2  at another time, said reddish light being particularly well suited as evening lighting, for example. 
     The organic light-emitting diodes  1  are preferably embodied as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31   , or constitute combinations of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described there. 
     Besides the organic light-emitting diodes  1 , the luminaire  2  comprises connection conductors  236 . The connection conductors  236  extend, for example, in the manner of a wire-netting fence, such that they delimit—for example rectangular—sections, in each of which an organic light-emitting diode  1  can be arranged. The connection conductors  236  serve for making electrical contact with the organic light-emitting diodes  1  and also for mechanically connecting the individual organic light-emitting diodes  1 . In this way, the organic light-emitting diodes  1  can be arranged in a combined series and parallel circuit. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for each of the organic light-emitting diodes  1 , or groups of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  which are provided for generating the same light color, to be drivable separately by means of the connection conductors  236 . In this case, the connection conductors  236  are embodied for example as cable assemblies having a multiplicity of individual power lines. 
     Besides their property for energizing the organic light-emitting diodes  1 , the connection conductors  236  form a framework or a matrix for mechanically fixing the organic light-emitting diodes  1 . For this purpose, the connection conductors  236  preferably have a certain rigidity corresponding, for example, to the rigidity of a copper wire. The organic light-emitting diodes  1  themselves can be embodied in flexible fashion, and do not have to serve for mechanically stabilizing the luminaire  2 . If the connection conductors  236  are embodied as metal wires, then it is furthermore possible that a desired form of the luminaire  2 , for example the wavy form illustrated in  FIG.  45 A , can be set in a simple manner by the user or by the manufacturer of the luminaire  2  by means of flexure of the connection conductors  236 . 
     The luminaire  2  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  45  and  46    is preferably a relatively large-area luminaire. That is to say that the luminaire  2  can have sizes in the range of a plurality of square meters. By way of example the luminaire  2  has a luminous area of at least 0.5 m 2 , preferably at least 1 m 2 . The luminous area is in this case formed by the sum of the radiation exit areas  174  of the individual organic light-emitting diodes  1 . In this ease, each individual organic light-emitting diode  1  preferably has an area content of its radiation exit area  174  of at least 0.5 dm 2 . 
     In conjunction with the schematic illustration in  FIG.  45 C  it is shown that an insulator  240  is arranged at crossover points of the connection conductors  236 , said insulator electrically insulating the connection conductors  236  from one another. By way of example, the connection conductors  236  extending from left to right in  FIG.  45 B  are at negative electrical potential. The connection conductors  236  extending from the bottom to the top in  FIG.  45 B  are then at positive potential. An insulator  240  at least in the region of the crossover points of the connection conductors  236  prevents the connection conductors  236  from being short-circuited. 
     Two alternative possibilities for driving the luminaire  2  are briefly explained in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  46 A and  46 B . Thus, the luminaire  2  can be driven for example by means of air operating element  197  arranged at a wall (cf.  FIG.  46 A ). Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to be operated by means of a remote control  202  (cf.  FIG.  46 B ). Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to be drivable by means of a touch sensor or gesture control. 
     An exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here which serves for covering an object is explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  47  to  49   . By way of example, the luminaire  2  serves for covering the radiator  245 . 
     A radiator  245  generally has a non-smooth surface, for example a surface having heating lamellae, in which dust can settle particularly easily. The dust-sensitive regions of the radiator  245  can be clad with the luminaire  2  that can be used for covering the radiator. Furthermore, the luminaire  2  enhances the visual impression of the radiator  245 . The visible exterior area of the radiator  245  is replaced by the luminaire  2 , which can serve as a light for the general lighting of the room in which the radiator is arranged. 
     The mounting of the luminaire  2  on the radiator  245  in accordance with air exemplary embodiment of the luminaire  2  that can serve for covering is explained in further detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  47 A and  47 B .  FIG.  47 C  shows, on the basis of a schematic view, a rear wall  246  of the luminaire  2 , said rear wall facing the radiator  245  when the luminaire  2  is in the mounted state. The rear wall  246  is pervaded by a plurality of cooling channels  247 , for example, which can extend along the entire width of the rear wall  246 . 
     As is evident from the schematic plan view of the top side of the radiator  245  with luminaire  2 , in  FIG.  47 D , the cooling channels  247  are embodied as indentations in the rear wall  246  of the luminaire  2 . That is to say the thickness of the rear wall  246  is reduced in the region of the cooling channels  247 . 
     If the radiator  245  is operated, then, along the cooling channels  247  convection of air takes place, which upon flowing through the cooling channels  247  cools the rear wall  246  of the luminaire  1 . In this way the organic light-emitting diode  1  is also cooled during operation, such that no permissible heating of the organic light-emitting diode  1  can arise. In addition, the rear wall  246  and the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  can be thermally insulated from one another by a thermal insulation layer (not illustrated). The thermal insulation layer can be formed for example with a material having poor thermal conductivity, such as styropor. 
     Alongside the cooling channels  247 , fixing means  248  are provided at the rear wall  246 . The fixing means  248  are, in a simple exemplary embodiment, adhesive strips by means of which the luminaire  2  can be fixed to the radiator  245 . 
     However, it is also possible for the fixing means  248  to be magnets, such that the luminaire  2  adheres to the radiator  245  by means of magnetic forces. Other types of fixtures such as screwing or clamping, for example, are also possible. 
     Furthermore, a temperature sensor  249  is arranged at the rear wall  246  of the luminaire  2 . The temperature of the radiator  245  is measured by means of the temperature sensor  249 . Depending on the measured temperature, it is possible to set, for example, the light intensity and/or the light locus and/or the light temperature of the light emitted by the luminaire  2 , that is to say by the organic light-emitting diode  1 . That means that there is a correlation between the temperature of the radiator  245  and the electromagnetic radiation  190  emitted by the luminaire  2  through the radiation exit area  174  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . In this way, therefore, the luminaire  2  also serves as a temperature indicator for the heat generated by the radiator  245  during operation. 
     Further exemplary embodiments of the luminaire  2  that serves for cladding a heating system are explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic perspective illustration in  FIG.  48   . In these cases, the luminaire  2  is arranged in front of a radiator  245  for example by means of a stand  251  or a screw connection  252 , such that said radiator is covered by the respective luminaire  2 . In these cases, there is not necessarily a connection composed of condensed matter between the radiator and the luminaire  2 . Therefore, the luminaire  2  can be arranged at a distance from the radiator  245 , wherein the gap between radiator  245  and luminaire  2  is filled with air. In such a case, by way of example, the cooling channels  249  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  47 A to  47 D  can be dispensed with since sufficient cooling by means of convection takes place via the gap. 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  49 A and  49 B , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  which is used for covering a radiator  245  is described in greater detail with reference to schematic sectional illustrations. In this exemplary embodiment, by way of example, a temperature sensor  249  can be dispensed with. Instead, a regulation of the heat  250  emitted by the radiator  245  is effected simultaneously with a regulation of the electromagnetic radiation  190  emitted by the luminaire  2 . That is to say that, with an increase in the temperature generated by the radiator  245 , for example the color temperature T of the light  190  emitted by the luminaire  2  is decreased or increased. Such a regulation can be effected by means of a remote control  202 , by means of touch sensitive operating elements  197  and/or by means of the valve control of the radiator  245 . 
     Overall, any combination of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described here can be used for the luminaire described in conjunction with  FIGS.  47  to  49   . In this case, it is also possible, for example, for the rear wall  245  to have an area  185   a  to be illuminated which is illuminated by the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire, as described in greater detail for example in conjunction with  FIGS.  26  and  27   . By way of example, the area  185   a  to be illuminated is the pictorial reproduction of an open fire. By means of the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2 , the area  185   a  to be illuminated can then be illuminated in flickering fashion in the manner of a candle. In this way, the impression of a blazing fire arises in the region of the radiator  245 . Such flickering can be effected, for example, by operation of the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  with temporally varying current intensities. This can be achieved in a simple manner by means of a pulse width modulation circuit. 
     It is also possible for the luminaire  2  to comprise segmented organic light-emitting diodes  1  or a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  which can be suitable for generating light of mutually different colors. 
     Besides a covering for a radiator  245 , the luminaire  2  can, for example, also be used for covering an air-conditioning system or a ventilation shall in a low-energy house. In this case, particularly if a temperature sensor  249  is present, the luminaire  2  is particularly well suited to covering and cladding elements which are intended to be used for cooling and/or for heating a room. In this case, the luminaire  2  serves as an esthetically appealing temperature indicator which brightens the room. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  figures  50 A to  50 D . 
       FIG.  50 A  shows the luminaire  2  in a schematic perspective illustration The luminaire  2  is a light having a large-area radiation exit area  174 , which can be used for example as a desk lamp for illuminating a work area. 
     The luminaire  2  comprises as light source preferably at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  as described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31   . 
     The luminaire  2  has a radiation exit area  174 , which can comprise an area of 0.1 m 2  or more. By way of example, the radiation exit area  174  has a rectangular basic shape having a length l of at least 50 cm and a height h of at least 20 cm. 
     In this case, the luminaire  2  can be embodied such that it emits on both sides, and so, during operation, it can illuminate, for example, two workstations arranged opposite each other. In this case, the luminaire  2  can also comprise a transparent organic light-emitting diode  1  and, in this way, itself be embodied in transparent fashion. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to have an area  185   a  to be illuminated which is arranged on the opposite side of the luminaire  2  to the radiation passage area  174 . In this way, in the switched-off state, the luminaire  2  can represent for example an image, a calendar or a company logo. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  50 B  it is schematically illustrated that the luminaire  2  can emit electromagnetic radiation  190  in a directional manner. For this purpose, the luminaire  2  comprises for example at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  embodied for example as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  21  to  25   . That is to say that the organic light-emitting diode  1  comprises a structured radiation exit area  175 , which is structured into areas  175   a  and  175   b,  in such a way that electromagnetic radiation  190  is emitted downward, for example toward a desk surface. Advantageously, therefore, no electromagnetic radiation  190  is emitted upward, for example away from a desk surface, into the face of the user of the luminaire  2 . The luminaire  2  is therefore a dazzle-free luminaire which can be used particularly well for desk work. 
     Furthermore, it proves to be advantageous that the luminaire  2  is embodied with a particularly large area. In this way, a relatively low luminance at the radiation exit area  174  is sufficient for sufficient illumination of the work area. That is to say that, in the luminaire  2 , a high luminance does not have to be concentrated on a relatively small radiation exit area, as is the case, for example, in a conventional desk lamp with an incandescent bulb or halogen lamp. Rather, the emitted light can he distributed over a large area and the luminance can therefore be reduced. This results in a luminaire  2  which is particularly dazzle-free and yields light similar to daylight—at least in the region of the work area. 
     An example for the operation of the luminaire  2  is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  50 C . By way of example, in this case it is possible to integrate a touch-sensitive organic light-emitting diode  1  with a touch-sensitive operating element  197  in the luminaire. By moving over part of the radiation exit area  174  of the luminaire  2 , it is then possible for the luminaire  2  to be switched on or dimmed. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  50 D  it is shown that the luminaire  2 , on account of its relatively large length l of at least 50 cm, for example, can also serve for guiding electrical cables. In this case, a cable shaft  255  is integrated into the luminaire  2 , which cable shaft can be embodied integrally for example with a stand  251  of the luminaire  2 . 
     In this case, besides its properties for general lighting, the luminaire  2  also serves as an ordering system. 
     further exemplary embodiments of a luminaire  2  described here are explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  51  to  53   . In this case, the luminaire  2  serves for general lighting and as a room divider. 
     The luminaire  2  as shown in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  51 A and  51 B  is a large-area light. The luminaire has a radiation exit area  174  of preferably at least 0.5 m 2 , particularly preferably of at least 1 m 2 . The radiation exit area  174  of the luminaire is arranged between two stands  251 , which can also serve for making electrical contact with the luminaire  2 . 
     The luminaire  2  comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode  1 ; preferably, the luminaire  2  comprises a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  which are connected in parallel and/or in series with one another, for example. The at least one organic light-emitting diode can then be embodied as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31   . 
     The luminaire  2  can comprise a touch-sensitive organic light-emitting diode  1  with an operating element  197 . By means of the operating element  197 , the luminaire  2  can be switched on or off and/or dimmed, for example. Furthermore, it is possible that the selection of a color temperature T or of a color locus O for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the luminaire  2  can be effected by means of the operating element  197 . 
     The luminaire  2  can be a luminaire which emits on both sides and which is embodied such that it scatters light diffusely. That is to say that, in this case, the luminaire  2  is not embodied in transparent fashion, but rather merely in radiation-transmissive fashion in the manner of an opalescent glass pane, for example. In this way, besides its properties for general lighting, the luminaire  2  also serves as a room divider affording a concealing screen. Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to emit electromagnetic radiation  190  only from one side and to appear like a customary room divider from the other side. 
     By means of the luminaire  2  it is possible, on account of the large radiation exit area  174 , to generate dazzle-free light since relatively low luminances are necessary in order to illuminate a room by means of the luminaire  2 . 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  52 A to  52 C  it is illustrated that the luminaire  2 , embodied as a room divider, can have a radiation exit area  174  of variable size. This can be achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that the luminaire  2  has a radiation passage area  174  that can be rolled up and unrolled. 
     For this purpose, by way of example, as illustrated in conjunction with  FIG.  52 B , the luminaire  2  is subdivided into individual lamellae, which can each be formed by rigid organic light-emitting diodes  1 . The lamellae, that is to say the individual or light-emitting diodes  1 , are mechanically and electrically connected to one another by connection conductors  236 . The connection conductors  236  themselves are embodied in flexible fashion, for example in the sense of a power cable that can be unrolled and rolled up. In this case, the luminaire  2  comprises a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  arranged in a series one after another. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2 , as illustrated in conjunction with  FIG.  52 C , to have a radiation exit area  174  that is not subdivided into individual lamellae. By way of example, the luminaire  2  comprises for this purpose exactly one, large-area organic light-emitting diode  1 . Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to comprise a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  arranged in the mariner of a matrix. The organic light-emitting diodes  1  can be flexible organic light-emitting diodes that are introduced between two films. In this way, a large-are luminaire  2  that can be rolled up and unrolled can be constructed from a multiplicity of smaller, flexible organic light-emitting diodes  1 . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  53    it is illustrated that the luminaire  2 , which forms a room divider, can also involve sound protection. In this case, the luminaire  2  has a rear wall  246  formed with at least one insulating material  256  suitable for acoustic insulation. In a simple case, the rear wall  246  can be a styropor panel. As light source of the luminaire  2 , at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  is then connected to the insulating material  256  forming the rear wall  246 . 
     An exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here in which the luminaire is embodied as a louver is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  54 A to  54 C . In this case, the luminaire  2  comprises a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  which are electrically contact-connected and mechanically held by means of a holding device  239 . At one end face, the organic light-emitting diodes  1  comprise a connection plug  257 , which engages into the holding device  239 . The luminaire  2  can be electrically connected by means of connection conductors  236 , for example. The holding device  239  is a rail, for example, in which the individual organic light-emitting diodes  1  are fixed by means of the connection plug. The organic light-emitting diodes  1  can be displaced in the rail. 
     In this case, the organic light-emitting diodes  1  can be embodied in flexible or rigid fashion. By way of example, the organic light-emitting diodes  1  have, as first carrier  130 , a metal sheet haying reflective properties. In this way, that side of each organic light-emitting diode  1  which faces away from the radiation exit area  174  is embodied in reflective fashion. In this case, besides its properties for room lighting, the luminaire  2  also serves for room darkening and/or as a concealing screen. 
     The luminaire  2  can comprise different organic light-emitting diodes  1 , such that light of different colors or having different color effects can be generated by means of the luminaire  2 . The luminaire  2  is arranged in front of a window for example in the sense of a curtain or louver, and in this way generates, even under poor outside light conditions, daylight-like illumination of the room in which the luminaire  2  is arranged. That is to say that the main light of the room is situated for example in the region of the window in which the luminaire  2  is arranged. In this way, when the luminaire  2  is switched on, illumination of the room similar to that through the window takes place. In this case, the luminaire  2  can form the main light source of a room, such that it is possible to, dispense with further light sources in the room. 
     In this case, the organic light-emitting diodes  1  used as light sources of the luminaire  2  are preferably embodied as described in one of  FIGS.  1  to  31    or as a combination of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described there. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  55 A to  55 D . In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire, besides its function for general lighting, also serves as a concealing screen. The luminaire  2  has, for example, at least three radiation exit areas  174  embodied as walls. 
     The schematic perspective illustration in  FIG.  55 A  shows the luminaire  2  in a switched-off operating state. In this switched-off operating state, the luminaire  2  is transparent. For this purpose, the luminaire  2  comprises, for example, at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  as light source which is embodied in transparent fashion. 
     In conjunction with the basic perspective schematic diagram in  FIG.  55 B , the luminaire  2  is shown in a switched-on operating state. In this switched-on operating state, the luminaire  2  emits electromagnetic radiation  190 . In this case, it is possible for the electromagnetic radiation to be emitted both outward, into the room, and inward, into the cubicle enclosed by the walls of the luminaire  2 . In this case, the luminaire  2  serves both for lighting the interior of the cubicle and as an indicator device for indicating that the cubicle is occupied by a user. 
     Furthermore, in the switched-on operating state, the luminaire  2  no longer appears transparent, but rather is visually impenetrable. This is achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that the luminaire  2  comprises an electrically switchable optical element  186  as described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  27   . The electrically switchable optical element  186  is then an electrically switchable diffuser or an electrochromic material. The switching of the luminaire  2  into the switched-on, luminous and visually impenetrable operating state, as illustrated in greater detail in  FIG.  55 B , can in this case be effected for example by the cubicle being entered. 
     By way of example, a switch can be actuated by means of the actuation of doors at the luminaire  2 . Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to comprise a light barrier  260 , as is explained in greater detail for example in conjunction with  FIGS.  55 C and  55 D . In the event of said light barrier being crossed, said light barrier comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes  210 , laser diodes and/or optical sensors, for example, the luminaire  2  is switched on. 
     In this case, the luminaire described can be used for example as a changing cubicle. In this case, it is also possible that the color temperature T and/or color locus O of the light generated by the luminaire  2  can be set by the user of the luminaire  2 . In this way, the clothing being tried on by the user can be checked by the user under different lighting conditions. The user can thereby check for example the effect of the clothing in daylight, office lighting, twilight and the like. 
     Furthermore, the luminaire described can be used as a separating wall in an open-plan office. The light emitted by the luminaire then serves as an office light and signals that the workstation at which the luminaire  2  is situated is occupied. Switching between transparent and diffuse can also be effected independently of the light emission by the luminaire, such that the user of the luminaire can switch the latter to be non-radiation-transmissive, in diffusely scattering fashion, as necessary, in order to create a more private working atmosphere. 
       FIGS.  56 A to  56 C  show on the basis of schematic illustrations, a further exemplar, embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here. In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire  2  forms solar protection—besides its properties for general lighting. 
       FIG.  56 A  shows the luminaire  2  on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration in a switched-off operating state. The luminaire  2  is in this switched-off operating state for example during the day, upon insolation. In this operating state, the luminaire  2  serves for light protection and casts a shadow  265 . For this purpose, the luminaire  2  has a, for example, reflective surface at its top side facing away from the radiation exit area  174 , said reflective surface reflecting the impinging radiation  191 . Furthermore, it is possible for the luminaire  2  to be embodied, at its top side facing away from the radiation exit area  174 , as a solar cell which, for example upon insolation, generates current by means of which the luminaire  2  can be operated later, for example at night. By way of example, the document U.S. 7,317,210 discloses a combination of organic light-emitting diode and solar cell which can be used in this case. 
     In conjunction with the schematic illustration in  FIG.  56 B , the luminaire  2  is shown in a switched-on operating state. In the switched-on operating state, the luminaire  2  emits electromagnetic radiation  190  from its radiation exit area  174 . In this case, the luminaire  2  preferably comprises a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  or at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  subdivided into a multiplicity of segments  203 . Each of the segments, or each organic light-emitting diode  1 , can be suitable for generating light of a different color or having a different color temperature than other segments  203 , or light-emitting diodes  1 , of the luminaire  2 . Depending on the operation of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  or of the segments  203 , it is thus possible to generate different light moods by means of different color loci and/or color temperatures of the emitted light. In this case, the different color loci and/or color temperatures can also be generated in different regions of the luminaire  2 . That is to say that, for example, regions of the radiation exit area  174  can, for example, rather emit reddish light, whereas other regions of the radiation exit area  174  rather emit bluish light, for example. In this case, the regions of the radiation exit area  174  preferably each comprise a multiplicity of organic light-emitting diodes  1  or segments  203 . 
     The construction of the luminaire and also the contact-connection of the individual organic light-emitting diodes  1 , or of the segments  203 , call be as described in conjunction with  FIG.  45   . 
     Organic light-emitting diodes  1  as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31    are preferably used as organic light-emitting diodes  1 . 
     The luminaire  2  is a large-area luminaire preferably haying an area content of a radiation exit area  174  of at least 5 m 2 , particularly preferably of at least 10 m 2 . In this case, the radiation exit area  174  of the luminaire  2  is composed of the radiation exit areas of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  or of the segments  203 . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  56 C  it is schematically illustrated that power can be supplied to the luminaire  2  via a stand  251 , in which connection conductors  236  are laid. 
     Further exemplary embodiments of luminaires described here are shown in conjunction with  FIGS.  57 A and  57 B . In these exemplary embodiments, the luminaire  2  is embodied as a bag  266 . The luminaire  2  can be used for example as a rucksack or as a school satchel. 
     For this purpose, organic light-emitting diodes  1  are applied or integrated at least on places of the bag  266 . The organic light-emitting diodes  1  are preferably embodied in flexible fashion, such that they can adapt to the contours of the bag  266 . That is to say that the bag  266  has at least one radiation entrance area  174 , through which electromagnetic radiation  190 , preferably light leaves the luminaire. 
     In this case, the luminaire  2  comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  which—as described by way of example in conjunction with  FIGS.  29  and  30   —comprises a retroreflector. In this way, even when the organic light-emitting diode  1  is not switched on, the luminaire  2  reflects impinging electromagnetic radiation and therefore serves, in this case, too, for better visibility of the user of the luminaire  2 . 
     In conjunction with the schematic illustration in  FIG.  57 A  it is further ore explained that the bag  266  can have a slot  286 , for example, in which is arranged a rechargeable battery  267  by means of which the organic light-emitting diode  1  of the luminaire  2  is supplied with electric current. 
     As an alternative or in addition to the embodiment of the luminaire  2  as a baa, it is furthermore conceivable for the luminaire  2  to be embodied as protective clothing, work clothing, headband, head covering or the like. At all events the luminaire  2  comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  having a retroreflector. The luminaire  2  thus serves for improved visibility of its user both in the switched-on and in the switched-off operating state. 
     Further exemplary embodiments of a luminaire  2  described here are explained in greater detail in conjunction with the schematic illustrations in  FIGS.  58 A and  58 B . In these exemplary embodiments, the luminaire  2  serves as emergency lighting, for example as a camping light. 
     The luminaire  2  has a radiation exit area  174 . Furthermore, the luminaire  2  has a solar cell  269  at the side lying opposite the radiation exit area  174 . The solar cell  269  can be a flexible inorganic or organic solar cell embodied in film-like fashion. At least one organic light-emitting diode  1  that is flexible and preferably emits white light serves as light source of the luminaire  2 . 
     The luminaire  2  can be operated in two different operating states. Firstly, the luminaire  2  can be rolled to form a cylinder, which is closed by a connector  237 . Connection locations for making contact with the luminaire  2  via connection conductors  236  can be situated at the connector  237 . 
     In another operating state, the luminaire  2  can be rolled out. In this case, the luminaire  2  can be operated in suspended fashion, for example, by means of the connection conductors  236  and, if appropriate, a holding device  239 , which can likewise be embodied in the manner of a wire or cable. In conjunction with.  FIG.  58 A  it is illustrated, for example, that the luminaire  2  is suspended from the branches of a tree. In this case, the radiation exit area  174  faces the ground, and the solar cell  269  is directed away from the ground. 
     Such a luminaire  2  can be charged by insolation, during the day, for example in the suspended state. At night, the luminaire  2  then continuously emits electromagnetic radiation  190  through the radiation exit area  174 . In this case, the luminaire  2  is preferably operated as emergency or camping lighting, such that relatively low luminances are sufficient. 
     As an alternative to solar operation, which can be realized for example by means of a rechargeable battery integrated into the luminaire  2 , the luminaire  2  can also be connected to an external power source, such as an automobile battery, for example, via the connection conductors  236 . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  59   , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail with reference to a schematic perspective illustration. The luminaire  2  is a large-area luminaire which can be operated for example by means of a rechargeable battery  267 —in the present case an automobile battery. The luminaire has a radiation exit area  174 . The luminaire is fixed to a motor vehicle such as an automobile or a bus by means of the fixing means  248 , for example. The fixing means  248  can be a magnet or an adhesive connection. 
     The luminaire  2  preferably comprises at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  as described here. The organic light-emitting diode  1  can be a flexible organic light-emitting diode  1  that illuminates an area  185   a  to be illuminated. The area  185   a  to be illuminated is, for example, a billboard or a company logo. The luminaire  2  can thus be used for advertising purposes on motor vehicles. 
     A further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here is explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  60 A to  60 D . In this case, the luminaire  2  forms an umbrella  270 . The umbrella  270  emits electromagnetic radiation  190  from its inner area. 
     This can be realized, firstly, by virtue of the luminaire  2  comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  embodied in flexible fashion. The organic light-emitting diode  1  can then be situated on the inner side of the crown of the umbrella  270  or form the crown of the umbrella  270 . 
     By way of example, electrical contact is made with the at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  by means of the struts or paragon rods  270   a  of the umbrella  270 . The organic light-emitting diode  1  of the umbrella  270  can then be energized by means of at least one rechargeable battery  2 . 67 , which can be arranged in the grip or handle  270   d  of the umbrella  270  (cf  FIG.  60 D , for example). 
     As an alternative or in addition to at least one organic light-emitting diode  1 , it is possible for the umbrella  270  to comprise at least one inorganic light-emitting diode  210  as light source. The at least one inorganic light-emitting diode  210  is fixed for example to or in the tube  270   a  of the umbrella  270 . By way of example, the inorganic light-emitting diodes  210  are fixed to the slide  270   b  or below the slide  270   b  of the umbrella  270 . The inorganic light-emitting diodes  210  emit onto the inner side of the crown  270   e  of the umbrella  270 , which is embodied as a reflector  271  or organic light-emitting diode  1  having a reflective layer. 
     In this case, the reflector  271  can be embodied in such a way that it emits electromagnetic radiation  190  in a directional fashion. It is thereby possible for the umbrella to emit radiation when being held vertically in the direction of movement of the user and, in this way, to illuminate the path ahead of the user. 
     Preferably, the inorganic light-emitting diodes  210  are fixedly connected to the slide  270   b  of the umbrella  270 , such that, in the event of the umbrella  270  being open, they are conveyed into a position lying closely below the crown  270   e  of the umbrella  270 . The lighting by the inorganic light-emitting diodes  210  can then be switched on at the same time as the slide  270   b  is slid up. However, it is also possible that the lighting can be switched on separately, such that it is activated for example only under poor visibility conditions. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  60 D  it is schematically illustrated that at least one rechargeable battery  267  as power supply for the light sources of the luminaire  2  forming an umbrella  270  can be arranged in the handle  207   d  of the umbrella. This can be charged, for example, by connection to an electrical power supply. Overall, the luminaire  2  in the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS.  60 A to  60 D  constitutes a mobile light which enables improved visibility and an improved view for the user under poor visibility conditions including in road traffic. 
       FIGS.  61 A to  61 C  show a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here in schematic illustrations. 
     The luminaire  2  in the present case is a vehicle light such as, for example, a brake light, an indicator light  280  and/or a rear light  281 . What is common to the vehicle lights mentioned in this case is that they are integrated in a vehicle window  275  The luminaires  2  comprise, for example, a transparent organic light-emitting diode, the first carrier  130  and second carder  131  of which are in each case formed with a glass. The organic light-emitting diodes  1  are therefore integrated as transparent organic light-emitting diodes  1 nto parts of the vehicle windows  275 . In this way it is possible to form an indicator light  280 , for example, which can extend over the entire length of the vehicle. This increases the noticeability of the vehicle in road traffic. 
     By way of example, the organic light-emitting diodes  1  described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1  to  31    are used as organic light-emitting diode  1  for the luminaire  2  embodied as a vehicle light. 
     If the luminaire  2  is a rear light  281  or a brake light, then the luminaire can comprise an organic light-emitting diode  1  having a retroreflector, as explained in greater detail for example in conjunction with  FIGS.  29  and  30   . In this case, even in the switched-off operating state, the luminaire  2  can reflect back red light, for example when irradiated by an automobile headlight. 
     As explained in conjunction with the schematic illustration in  FIG.  61 C , the luminaire  2  can be connected to the automobile battery of the motor vehicle for power supply via connection conductors  236 . 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  62   , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here is explained in greater detail with reference to a schematic perspective illustration. In this exemplary embodiment, for the purpose of forming the luminaire  2 , a transparent organic light-emitting diode is integrated over the whole area into a vehicle window  275 —here into the rear window. That is to say that the rear window  275  is formed by a transparent organic light-emitting diode  1 . Such a luminaire  2  can serve for example for illuminating the interior of a trunk when the vehicle is not being driven. 
     Furthermore, it is possible for the organic light-emitting diode  1  to contain an emitter material suitable for generating infrared electromagnetic radiation. In this case, the organic light-emitting diode  1  can also be used for deicing a vehicle window  275 . The organic light-emitting diode  1  then need not necessarily also be suitable for generating visible light. In particular, it is possible in this case for all the vehicle windows  275  of the motor vehicle to be formed by transparent organic light-emitting diodes which are suitable for generating infrared electromagnetic radiation during operation. In this way, it is also possible, for example, to heat a front window of the motor vehicle, without heating wires threading through the window or without having to arrange in the vehicle a fan that blows hot air onto the vehicle window  275 . In this way, it is also possible to prevent the vehicle windows  275  from steaming up. 
     By means of an optical cavity as explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  26  and  27   , it is possible for the entire or at least a majority of the infrared radiation generated to be directed toward the outside, out of the vehicle. In this case, by way of example, snow lying on the vehicle windows  275  can be melted away particularly efficiently. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  63   , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire  2  described here is explained in greater detail with reference to a schematic perspective illustration. In this case, in order to form the luminaire  2 , an organic light-emitting diode  1  is integrated in side areas of a trunk. The organic light-emitting diode  1  is integrated into the side areas of a trunk purely by way of example. In principle, it is possible for an organic light-emitting diode  1  to be fitted at any location in the interior of the motor vehicle. In particular, an organic light-emitting diode  1  can also be integrated onto the inner side of the vehicle roof or into the base of the trunk. The organic light-emitting diode  1  allows large-area illumination of the interior of the motor vehicle, without high luminances having to be used for this purpose—on account of the relatively large area of the light exit area  175  of the organic light-emitting diode  1 . That means that the organic light-emitting diode  1  allows illumination of the interior of the motor vehicle with relatively low luminances, thus resulting in dazzle-free lighting. 
     In conjunction with  FIGS.  64 A to  64 C , a further exemplary embodiment of a luminaire described here is explained in greater detail with reference to schematic illustrations. In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire  2  forms a warning sign  285  such as can be used in road traffic, for example. In this case, as shown in  FIGS.  64 B and  64 C , the warning sign  285  is embodied in flexible fashion, such that it can be rolled up and unrolled. In  FIG.  64 B  it is explained that the warning sign  285  can, for this purpose, be divided into individual organic light-emitting diodes  1  that are connected to one another by means of flexible connection conductors  236  that can be rolled up and unrolled. 
     In conjunction with  FIG.  64 C  it is shown that the warning sign  285  can also be formed by one fully flexible organic light-emitting diode  1 . 
     In both embodiments of the warning sign  285  it can be expedient for the warning sign  285  to emit electromagnetic radiation from two main areas. That is to say that the warning sign  285  is actively luminous from two sides, for example. By way of example, at least one organic light-emitting diode  1  with retroreflector as explained in greater detail in  FIGS.  29    and  30  is employed for forming the warning sign  285 , in particular, it is possible for the warning sign  285  to have such organic light-emitting diodes  1  at both sides, such that it actively emits and reflects electromagnetic radiation  190  from both sides. 
     Further exemplary embodiments of a luminaire  2  described here are explained in greater detail in conjunction with  FIGS.  65 A to  65 C . In this exemplary embodiment, the luminaire  2  firms rain protection, for example a bus shelter. In this case, the luminaire  2  can comprise a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes  1  embodied in transparent fashion. By way of example, the carriers  130 ,  131  of the luminaire  2  form the basic body of the bus shelter and thus the rain protection. An encapsulation can then be embodied as in conjunction with the luminaire  2  embodied as a shower cubicle (cf.  FIGS.  33  to  35   ). 
     Furthermore, it is also possible, as indicated in  FIG.  65 B , for at least one of the organic light-emitting diodes  1  to be embodied as a large-area display device which, by way of example, can display the next transport links, the time of day, the outside temperature or further simple information. 
     Finally, it is also possible, as described in greater detail in conjunction with  FIG.  65 C , for one of the luminaires  2  to serve for illuminating an area  185   a  to be illuminated. The area  185   a  to be illuminated is, for example, an advertisement such as a poster or the like. In this case, the element  185  to be illuminated is exchangeable, such that the area  185   a  to be illuminated can be changed from time to time. 
     The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments by the description on the basis of said exemplary embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature and also any combination of features, which in particular includes any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly specified in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.