Patent Publication Number: US-2018037856-A1

Title: Water-Soluble Unit Dose Article Comprising A Cleaning Amine

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to water-soluble unit dose articles comprising cleaning amines and methods of use. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Water-soluble unit dose articles are liked by consumers due their convenience and ease of use. Consumers also like the fact that they do not need to measure a detergent dose and so this eliminates accidental spillage during the dosing operation. Accidental dosage can be messy and inconvenient. 
     An issue with water-soluble unit dose articles though is the possibility of premature rupture prior to use. Especially wherein the detergent composition is a liquid this can result in spillage and mess both in the storage container and during the dosage operation. Furthermore, spillage within the container can result in contamination of neighbouring unit dose articles meaning their use is also messy and inconvenient and not just that of the ruptured unit dose article. 
     In order to reduce the volume of leakage from a ruptured unit dose article, the viscosity of the liquid detergent composition can be increased. However, such viscosity increase requires the use of rheology modifiers. These provide no cleaning active benefit and serve only to increase the viscosity. This can be problematic in a water-soluble unit dose article where there is limited space for formulation of ingredients. Hence addition of a rheology modifier can negatively impact cleaning performance due to resultant lower levels of cleaning actives in order to make space for formulation of the rheology modifier. 
     Hence there is a need in the art for a water-soluble unit dose article that provides excellent or even improved cleaning performance yet exhibits minimized liquid detergent volume leakage from prematurely ruptured unit dose articles. It is also a desire to minimise liquid detergent volume leakage from prematurely ruptured unit dose articles whilst minimizing impact on dissolution of the liquid detergent composition in water, preferably even improving dissolution. 
     It was surprisingly found that a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a liquid detergent composition wherein the liquid detergent composition comprises a cleaning amine according to the present invention solved the above technical problem. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A first aspect of the present invention is a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble film and a liquid detergent composition, wherein the liquid detergent composition comprises a cleaning amine selected from the group consisting of:
         i. polyetheramines of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III):       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein each of R 1 -R 12  is independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6  and at least one of R 7 -R 12  is different from H, each of A 1 -A 9  is independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, each of Z 1 -Z 4  is independently selected from OH or NH 2 , wherein at least one of Z 1 -Z 2  and at least one of Z 3 -Z 4  is NH 2 , wherein the sum of x+y is in the range of about 2 to about 200, wherein x≧1 and y≧1, and the sum of x 1 +y 1  is in the range of about 2 to about 200, wherein x 1 ≧1 and y 1 ≧1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein 
     R is selected from H or a C1-C6 alkyl group, each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, each of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , and A 6  is independently selected from a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, x≧1, y≧1, and z≧1, and the sum of x+y+z is in the range of from about 3 to about 100, each of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  is independently selected from NH 2  or OH, where at least two of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  are NH 2 , and the polyetheramine has a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 1000 grams/mole;
         ii. amines of Formula (1)       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  are independently selected from —H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and n=0-3;
         iii. amines of Formula (2):       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  and R 4  are independently selected from —H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R 2  is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 3 to 10 carbons, R 3  is a linear or branched alkyl from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R 5  is H, methyl or ethyl and n=0-3;
         iv. the amine of Formula (3)       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             and 
             v. polyalkanolamine polymer, preferably a polytriethanolamine polymer, or a derivative thereof 
             vi. mixtures thereof. 
           
         
       
    
     A second aspect of the present invention is a method of washing comprising the steps of adding the water-soluble unit dose article of the present invention to sufficient water to dilute the liquid detergent composition by a factor of at least 300 fold to create a wash liquor and contacting items to be washed with said wash liquor. 
     A third aspect of the present invention is a packaged product comprising a recloseable container and at least one water-soluble unit dose article according to the present invention comprised therein. 
     A fourth aspect of the present invention is the use of a cleaning amine in a liquid detergent composition comprised within a liquid detergent composition comprised within a water-soluble unit dose article as according to the present invention to provide excellent grease cleaning benefits as well as reduced liquid leakage from prematurely ruptured unit dose articles, improved dissolution of water-soluble unit dose articles in water, or a mixture thereof. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Water-Soluble Unit Dose Article 
     The present invention discloses a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble film and a liquid detergent composition. The water-soluble film and the liquid detergent composition are described in more detail below. 
     The water-soluble unit dose article comprises the water-soluble film shaped such that the unit-dose article comprises at least one internal compartment surrounded by the water-soluble film. The unit dose article may comprise a first water-soluble film and a second water-soluble film sealed to one another such to define the internal compartment. The water-soluble unit dose article is constructed such that the detergent composition does not leak out of the compartment during storage. However, upon addition of the water-soluble unit dose article to water, the water-soluble film dissolves and releases the contents of the internal compartment into the wash liquor. 
     The compartment should be understood as meaning a closed internal space within the unit dose article, which holds the detergent composition. During manufacture, a first water-soluble film may be shaped to comprise an open compartment into which the detergent composition is added. A second water-soluble film is then laid over the first film in such an orientation as to close the opening of the compartment. The first and second films are then sealed together along a seal region. 
     The unit dose article may comprise more than one compartment, even at least two compartments, or even at least three compartments. The compartments may be arranged in superposed orientation, i.e. one positioned on top of the other. In such an orientation the unit dose article will comprise three films, top, middle and bottom. Alternatively, the compartments may be positioned in a side-by-side orientation, i.e. one orientated next to the other. The compartments may even be orientated in a ‘tyre and rim’ arrangement, i.e. a first compartment is positioned next to a second compartment, but the first compartment at least partially surrounds the second compartment, but does not completely enclose the second compartment. Alternatively one compartment may be completely enclosed within another compartment. 
     Wherein the unit dose article comprises at least two compartments, one of the compartments may be smaller than the other compartment. Wherein the unit dose article comprises at least three compartments, two of the compartments may be smaller than the third compartment, and preferably the smaller compartments are superposed on the larger compartment. The superposed compartments preferably are orientated side-by-side. 
     In a multi-compartment orientation, the detergent composition according to the present invention may be comprised in at least one of the compartments. It may for example be comprised in just one compartment, or may be comprised in two compartments, or even in three compartments. 
     Each compartment may comprise the same or different compositions. The different compositions could all be in the same form, or they may be in different forms. 
     The water-soluble unit dose article may comprise at least two internal compartments, wherein the liquid laundry detergent composition is comprised in at least one of the compartments, preferably wherein the unit dose article comprises at least three compartments, wherein the detergent composition is comprised in at least one of the compartments. 
     Water-Soluble Film 
     The film of the present invention is soluble or dispersible in water. The water-soluble film preferably comprises polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer thereof. Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises a blend of at least two different polyvinylalcohol homopolymers, at least two different polyvinylalcohol copolymers, at least one polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and at least one polyvinylalcohol copolymer or a combination thereof. 
     Preferably, the water-soluble film has a thickness between 50 microns and 100 microns, preferably between 70 microns and 90 microns before being deformed into a unit dose article. 
     Preferably, the film has a water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out here after using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns: 
     5 grams±0.1 gram of film material is added in a pre-weighed 3 L beaker and 2 L±5 ml of distilled water is added. This is stirred vigorously on a magnetic stirrer, Labline model No. 1250 or equivalent and 5 cm magnetic stirrer, set at 600 rpm, for 30 minutes at 30° C. Then, the mixture is filtered through a folded qualitative sintered-glass filter with a pore size as defined above (max. 20 micron). The water is dried off from the collected filtrate by any conventional method, and the weight of the remaining material is determined (which is the dissolved or dispersed fraction). Then, the percentage solubility or dispersability can be calculated. 
     Preferred film materials are preferably polymeric materials. The film material can, for example, be obtained by casting, blow-moulding, extrusion or blown extrusion of the polymeric material, as known in the art. 
     Preferred polymers, copolymers or derivatives thereof suitable for use as pouch material are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalkylene oxides, acrylamide, acrylic acid, cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, polyvinyl acetates, polycarboxylic acids and salts, polyaminoacids or peptides, polyamides, polyacrylamide, copolymers of maleic/acrylic acids, polysaccharides including starch and gelatine, natural gums such as xanthum and carragum. More preferred polymers are selected from polyacrylates and water-soluble acrylate copolymers, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, maltodextrin, polymethacrylates, and most preferably selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and combinations thereof. Preferably, the level of polymer in the pouch material, for example a PVA polymer, is at least 60%. The polymer can have any weight average molecular weight, preferably from about 1000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from about 10,000 to 300,000 yet more preferably from about 20,000 to 150,000. 
     Preferably, the water-soluble unit dose article comprises polyvinylalcohol. 
     Mixtures of polymers can also be used as the pouch material. This can be beneficial to control the mechanical and/or dissolution properties of the compartments or pouch, depending on the application thereof and the required needs. Suitable mixtures include for example mixtures wherein one polymer has a higher water-solubility than another polymer, and/or one polymer has a higher mechanical strength than another polymer. Also suitable are mixtures of polymers having different weight average molecular weights, for example a mixture of PVA or a copolymer thereof of a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000-40,000, preferably around 20,000, and of PVA or copolymer thereof, with a weight average molecular weight of about 100,000 to 300,000, preferably around 150,000. Also suitable herein are polymer blend compositions, for example comprising hydrolytically degradable and water-soluble polymer blends such as polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol, obtained by mixing polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol, typically comprising about 1-35% by weight polylactide and about 65% to 99% by weight polyvinyl alcohol. 
     Preferred for use herein are PVA polymers which are from about 60% to about 98% hydrolysed, preferably about 80% to about 90% hydrolysed, to improve the dissolution characteristics of the material. 
     Preferred films exhibit good dissolution in cold water, meaning unheated distilled water. Preferably such films exhibit good dissolution at temperatures of 24° C., even more preferably at 10° C. By good dissolution it is meant that the film exhibits water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out here after using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns, described above. 
     Preferred films are those supplied by Monosol. 
     Of the total PVA resin content in the film described herein, the PVA resin can comprise about 30 to about 85 wt % of the first PVA polymer, or about 45 to about 55 wt % of the first PVA polymer. For example, the PVA resin can contain about 50 w. % of each PVA polymer, wherein the viscosity of the first PVA polymer is about 13 cP and the viscosity of the second PVA polymer is about 23 cP, measured as a 4% polymer solution in demineralized water at 20° C. 
     Preferably the film comprises a blend of at least two different polyvinylalcohol homopolymers and/or copolymers. 
     Most preferably the water soluble film comprises a blend of at least two different polyvinylalcohol homopolymers, especially a water soluble film comprising a blend of at least two different polyvinylalcohol homopolymers of different average molecular weight, especially a blend of 2 different polyvinylalcohol homopolymers having an absolute average viscosity difference |μ 2 − μ 1 | for the first PVOH homopolymer and the second PVOH homopolymer, measured as a 4% polymer solution in demineralized water, in a range of 5 cP to about 15 cP, and both homopolymers having an average degree of hydrolysis between 85% and 95% preferably between 85% and 90%. The first homopolymer preferably has an average viscosity of 10 to 20 cP preferably 10 to 15 cP The second homopolymer preferably has an average viscosity of 20 to 30 cP preferably 20 to 25 cP. Most preferably the two homopolymers are blended in a 40/60 to a 60/40 weight % ratio. 
     Alternatively the water soluble film comprises a polymer blend comprising at least one copolymer comprising polyvinylalcohol and anionically modified monomer units. In particular the polymer blend might comprise a 90/10 to 50/50 weight % ratio of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a copolymer comprising polyvinylalcohol and anionically modified monomer units. Alternatively the polymer blend might comprise a 90/10 to 10/90 weight % ratio of two different copolymers comprising polyvinylalcohol and anionically modified monomer units. 
     General classes of anionic monomer units which can be used for the PVOH copolymer include the vinyl polymerization units corresponding to monocarboxylic acid vinyl monomers, their esters and anhydrides, dicarboxylic monomers having a polymerizable double bond, their esters and anhydrides, vinyl sulfonic acid monomers, and alkali metal salts of any of the foregoing. Examples of suitable anionic monomer units include the vinyl polymerization units corresponding to vinyl anionic monomers including vinyl acetic acid, maleic acid, monoalkyl maleate, dialkyl maleate, monomethyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, monoalkyl fumarate, dialkyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, dimethyl fumarate, fumaric anhydride, itaconic acid, monomethyl itaconate, dimethyl itaconate, itaconic anhydride, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, ethylene sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-1-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methylacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethyl acrylate, alkali metal salts of the foregoing (e.g., sodium, potassium, or other alkali metal salts), esters of the foregoing (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or other C 1 -C 4  or C 6  alkyl esters), and combinations thereof (e.g., multiple types of anionic monomers or equivalent forms of the same anionic monomer). In an aspect, the anionic monomer can be one or more acrylamido methylpropanesulfonic acids (e.g., 2-acrylamido-1-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methylacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid), alkali metal salts thereof (e.g., sodium salts), and combinations thereof. In an aspect, the anionic monomer can be one or more of monomethyl maleate, alkali metal salts thereof (e.g., sodium salts), and combinations thereof. 
     The level of incorporation of the one or more anionic monomer units in the PVOH copolymers is not particularly limited. In some aspects, the one or more anionic monomer units are present in a PVOH copolymer in an amount in a range of about 2 mol. % to about 10 mol. % (e.g., at least 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 mol. % and/or up to about 3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, or 10 mol. % in various embodiments), individually or collectively. 
     Naturally, different film material and/or films of different thickness may be employed in making the compartments of the present invention. A benefit in selecting different films is that the resulting compartments may exhibit different solubility or release characteristics. 
     The film material herein can also comprise one or more additive ingredients. For example, it can be beneficial to add plasticisers, for example glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. Other additives may include water and functional detergent additives, including surfactant, to be delivered to the wash water, for example organic polymeric dispersants, etc. 
     The film may be opaque, transparent or translucent. The film may comprise a printed area. The printed area may cover between 10% and 80% of the surface of the film; or between 10% and 80% of the surface of the film that is in contact with the internal space of the compartment; or between 10% and 80% of the surface of the film and between 10% and 80% of the surface of the compartment. 
     The area of print may cover an uninterrupted portion of the film or it may cover parts thereof, i.e. comprise smaller areas of print, the sum of which represents between 10% and 80% of the surface of the film or the surface of the film in contact with the internal space of the compartment or both. 
     The area of print may comprise inks, pigments, dyes, blueing agents or mixtures thereof. The area of print may be opaque, translucent or transparent. 
     The area of print may comprise a single colour or maybe comprise multiple colours, even three colours. The area of print may comprise white, black, blue, red colours, or a mixture thereof. The print may be present as a layer on the surface of the film or may at least partially penetrate into the film. The film will comprise a first side and a second side. The area of print may be present on either side of the film, or be present on both sides of the film. Alternatively, the area of print may be at least partially comprised within the film itself. 
     The area of print may comprise an ink, wherein the ink comprises a pigment. The ink for printing onto the film has preferably a desired dispersion grade in water. The ink may be of any color including white, red, and black. The ink may be a water-based ink comprising from 10% to 80% or from 20% to 60% or from 25% to 45% per weight of water. The ink may comprise from 20% to 90% or from 40% to 80% or from 50% to 75% per weight of solid. 
     The ink may have a viscosity measured at 20° C. with a shear rate of 1000 s −1  between 1 and 600 cPs or between 50 and 350 cPs or between 100 and 300 cPs or between 150 and 250 cPs. The measurement may be obtained with a cone-plate geometry on a TA instruments AR-550 Rheometer. 
     The area of print may be achieved using standard techniques, such as flexographic printing or inkjet printing. Preferably, the area of print is achieved via flexographic printing, in which a film is printed, then moulded into the shape of an open compartment. This compartment is then filled with a detergent composition and a second film placed over the compartment and sealed to the first film. The area of print may be on either or both sides of the film. 
     Alternatively, an ink or pigment may be added during the manufacture of the film such that all or at least part of the film is coloured. 
     The film may comprise an aversive agent, for example a bittering agent. Suitable bittering agents include, but are not limited to, naringin, sucrose octaacetate, quinine hydrochloride, denatonium benzoate, or mixtures thereof. Any suitable level of aversive agent may be used in the film. Suitable levels include, but are not limited to, 1 to 5000 ppm, or even 100 to 2500 ppm, or even 250 to 2000 ppm. 
     Liquid Detergent Composition 
     The water-soluble unit dose article comprises a liquid detergent composition. The term ‘liquid detergent composition’ refers to any detergent composition comprising a liquid capable of wetting and treating an item or surface e.g., cleaning clothing in a domestic washing machine, and includes, but is not limited to, liquids, gels, pastes, dispersions and the like. The liquid composition can include solids or gases in suitably subdivided form, but the liquid composition excludes forms which are non-fluid overall, such as tablets or granules. 
     The liquid detergent composition is preferably selected from laundry detergent compositions, automatic dishwashing compositions, hard surfaces cleaners and mixtures thereof. 
     The liquid detergent composition can be used as a fully formulated consumer product, or may be added to one or more further ingredient to form a fully formulated consumer product. 
     The liquid detergent composition may be a ‘pre-treat’ composition which is added to a fabric, preferably a fabric stain, ahead of the fabric being added to a wash liquor. 
     The liquid detergent composition can be used in a fabric hand wash operation or may be used in an automatic machine fabric wash operation. 
     The liquid detergent composition comprises a cleaning amine selected from the group consisting of:
         i. polyetheramines of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III):       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein each of R 1 -R 12  is independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6  and at least one of R 7 -R 12  is different from H, each of A 1 -A 9  is independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, each of Z 1 -Z 4  is independently selected from OH or NH 2 , wherein at least one of Z 1 -Z 2  and at least one of Z 3 -Z 4  is NH 2 , wherein the sum of x+y is in the range of about 2 to about 200, wherein x≧1 and y≧1, and the sum of x 1 +y 1  is in the range of about 2 to about 200, wherein x 1 ≧1 and y 1 ≧1. 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein 
             R is selected from H or a C1-C6 alkyl group, each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, each of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , and A 6  is independently selected from a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, x≧1, y≧1, and z≧1, and the sum of x+y+z is in the range of from about 3 to about 100, each of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  is independently selected from NH 2  or OH, where at least two of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  are NH 2 ; and the polyetheramine has a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 1000 grams/mole; 
             ii amines of Formula (1) 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  are independently selected from —H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and n=0-3; 
             iii. amines of Formula (2): 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein R 1  and R 4  are independently selected from —H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R 2  is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 3 to 10 carbons, R 3  is a linear or branched alkyl from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R 5  is H, methyl or ethyl and n=0-3; 
             iv) the amine of Formula (3) 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             and 
             v. mixtures thereof. 
           
         
       
    
     The term “cleaning amine” herein encompasses a single cleaning amine and a mixture thereof. A “cleaning amine” herein means a molecule comprising amine functionalities that helps cleaning as part of a cleaning composition. 
     The amine can be subjected to protonation depending on the pH of the cleaning medium in which it is used. 
     Cleaning amines for use herein include polyetheramines. One of the polyetheramine preferred for use in the composition of the invention is represented by the structure of Formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where each of R 1 -R 6  is independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, where at least one of R 1 -R 6  is different from H, typically at least one of R 1 -R 6  is an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, each of A 1 -A 6  is independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, each of Z 1 -Z 2  is independently selected from OH or NH 2 , where at least one of Z 1 -Z 2  is NH 2 , typically each of Z 1  and Z 2  is NH 2 , where the sum of x+y is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 3 to about 8 or about 4 to about 6, where x≧1 and y≧1, and the sum of x 1 +y 1  is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 3 to about 8 or about 2 to about 4, where x 1 ≧1 and y 1 ≧1. 
     Preferably in the polyetheramine of Formula (I), each of A 1 -A 6  is independently selected from ethylene, propylene, or butylene, typically each of A 1 -A 6  is propylene. More preferably, in the polyetheramine of Formula (I), each of R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , and R 6  is H and each of R 3  and R 4  is independently selected from C1-C16 alkyl or aryl, typically each of R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , and R 6  is H and each of R 3  and R 4  is independently selected from a butyl group, an ethyl group, a methyl group, a propyl group, or a phenyl group. More preferably, in the polyetheramine of Formula (I), R 3  is an ethyl group, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , and R 6  is H, and R 4  is a butyl group. Especially, in the polyetheramine of Formula (I), each of R 1  and R 2  is H and each of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  is independently selected from an ethyl group, a methyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, or H. 
     In the polyetheramine represented by the structure of Formula (II): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     each of R 7 -R 12  is independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, where at least one of R 7 -R 12  is different from H, typically at least one of R 7 -R 12  is an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, each of A 7 -A 9  is independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, each of Z 3 -Z 4  is independently selected from OH or NH 2 , where at least one of Z 3 -Z 4  is NH 2 , typically each of Z 3  and Z 4  is NH 2 , where the sum of x+y is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 3 to about 8 or about 2 to about 4, where x≧1 and y≧1, and the sum of x 1 +y 1  is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 3 to about 8 or about 2 to about 4, where x 1 ≧1 and y 1 ≧1. 
     Preferably in the polyetheramine of Formula (II), each of A 7 -A 9  is independently selected from ethylene, propylene, or butylene, typically each of A 7 -A 9  is propylene. More preferably, in the polyetheramine of Formula (II), each of R 7 , R 8 , R 11 , and R 12  is H and each of R 9  and R 10  is independently selected from C1-C16 alkyl or aryl, typically each of R 7 , R 8 , R 11 , and R 12  is H and each of R 9  and R 10  is independently selected from a butyl group, an ethyl group, a methyl group, a propyl group, or a phenyl group. More preferably, in the polyetheramine of Formula (II), R 9  is an ethyl group, each of R 7 , R 8 , R 11 , and R 12  is H, and R 10  is a butyl group. In some aspects, in the polyetheramine of Formula (II), each of R 7  and R 8  is H and each of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12  is independently selected from an ethyl group, a methyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, or H. 
     Preferred polyetheramines are selected from the group consisting of Formula A, Formula B, and mixtures thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferably, the polyetheramine comprises a mixture of the compound of Formula (I) and the compound of Formula (II). 
     Typically, the polyetheramine of Formula (I) or Formula (II) has a weight average molecular weight of less than about grams/mole 1000 grams/mole, preferably from about 100 to about 800 grams/mole, more preferably from about 200 to about 450 grams/mole. 
     The polyetheramine can comprise a polyetheramine mixture comprising at least 90%, by weight of the polyetheramine mixture, of the polyetheramine of Formula (I), the polyetheramine of Formula (II), the polyetheramine of Formula (III) or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the polyetheramine comprises a polyetheramine mixture comprising at least 95%, by weight of the polyetheramine mixture, of the polyetheramine of Formula (I), the polyetheramine of Formula (II) and the polyetheramine of Formula (III). 
     The polyetheramine of Formula (I) and/or the polyetheramine of Formula (II), are obtainable by: 
     a) reacting a 1,3-diol of formula (1) with a C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide to form an alkoxylated 1,3-diol, wherein the molar ratio of 1,3-diol to C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is in the range of about 1:2 to about 1:10, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where R 1 -R 6  are independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, where at least one of R 1 -R 6  is different from H; 
     b) aminating the alkoxylated 1,3-diol with ammonia. 
     The molar ratio of 1,3-diol to C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is preferably in the range of about 1:3 to about 1:8, more typically in the range of about 1:4 to about 1:6. Preferably, the C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or a mixture thereof. More preferably, the C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is propylene oxide. 
     In the 1,3-diol of formula (1), R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , and R 6  are H and R 3  and R 4  are C 1-16  alkyl or aryl. 
     Preferably, the 1,3-diol of formula (1) is selected from 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, or a mixture thereof. 
     Step a): Alkoxylation 
     The 1,3-diols of Formula (1) are synthesized as described in WO10026030, WO10026066, WO09138387, WO09153193, and WO10010075. Suitable 1,3-diols include 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-pentyl-2-propyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-(2-methyl)butyl-2-propyl-1,3-propane diol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-propane diol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol, 2-phenyl-2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3 propane diol, 2,2-dibutyl-1,3-propane diol, 2,2-di(2-methylpropyl)-1,3-propane diol, 2-isopropyl-2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, or a mixture thereof. In some aspects, the 1,3-diol is selected from 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol, or a mixture thereof. Typically used 1,3-diols are 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol. 
     An alkoxylated 1,3-diol may be obtained by reacting a 1,3-diol of Formula I with an alkylene oxide, according to any number of general alkoxylation procedures known in the art. Suitable alkylene oxides include C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentene oxide, hexene oxide, decene oxide, dodecene oxide, or a mixture thereof. In some aspects, the C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or a mixture thereof. A 1,3-diol may be reacted with a single alkylene oxide or combinations of two or more different alkylene oxides. When using two or more different alkylene oxides, the resulting polymer may be obtained as a block-wise structure or a random structure. 
     Typically, the molar ratio of 1,3-diol to C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide at which the alkoxylation reaction is carried out is in the range of about 1:2 to about 1:10, more typically about 1:3 to about 1:8, even more typically about 1:4 to about 1:6. 
     The alkoxylation reaction generally proceeds in the presence of a catalyst in an aqueous solution at a reaction temperature of from about 70° C. to about 200° C. and typically from about 80° C. to about 160° C. The reaction may proceed at a pressure of up to about 10 bar or up to about 8 bar. Examples of suitable catalysts include basic catalysts, such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, alkali metal alkoxides, in particular sodium and potassium C 1 -C 4 -alkoxides, e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium tert-butoxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride and calcium hydride, and alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. In some aspects, the catalyst is an alkali metal hydroxides, typically potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Typical use amounts for the catalyst are from about 0.05 to about 10% by weight, in particular from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, based on the total amount of 1,3-diol and alkylene oxide. 
     Alkoxylation with x+y C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxides and/or x 1 +y 1  C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxides produces structures as represented by Formula 2 and/or Formula 3: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where R 1 -R 12  are independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, where at least one of R 1 -R 6  and at least one of R 7 -R 12  is different from H, each of A 1 -A 9  is independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, typically 2-10 carbon atoms, more typically 2-5 carbon atoms, and the sum of x+y is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 2 to about 5, where x≧1 and y≧1, and the sum of x 1 +y 1  is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 2 to about 5, where x 1 ≧1 and y 1 ≧1. 
     Step b): Amination 
     Amination of the alkoxylated 1,3-diols produces structures represented by Formula I or Formula II: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where each of R 1 -R 12  is independently selected from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, where at least one of R 1 -R 6  and at least one of R 7 -R 12  is different from H, each of A 1 -A 9  is independently selected from linear or branched alkylenes having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, typically 2-10 carbon atoms, more typically, 2-5 carbon atoms, each of Z 1 -Z 4  is independently selected from OH or NH 2 , where at least one of Z 1 -Z 2  and at least one of Z 3 -Z 4  is NH 2 , where the sum of x+y is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 2 to about 5, where x≧1 and y≧1, and the sum of x 1 +y 1  is in the range of about 2 to about 200, typically about 2 to about 20, more typically about 2 to about 10 or about 2 to about 5, where x 1 ≧1 and y 1 ≧1. 
     Polyetheramines according to Formula I and/or Formula II are obtained by reductive amination of the alkoxylated 1,3-diol mixture (Formula 2 and Formula 3) with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst containing nickel. Suitable catalysts are described in WO 2011/067199A1, WO2011/067200A1, and EP0696572 B1. Preferred catalysts are supported copper-, nickel-, and cobalt-containing catalysts, where the catalytically active material of the catalyst, before the reduction thereof with hydrogen, comprises oxygen compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel, and cobalt, and, in the range of from about 0.2 to about 5.0% by weight of oxygen compounds, of tin, calculated as SnO. Other suitable catalysts are supported copper-, nickel-, and cobalt-containing catalysts, where the catalytically active material of the catalyst, before the reduction thereof with hydrogen, comprises oxygen compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel, cobalt and tin, and, in the range of from about 0.2 to about 5.0% by weight of oxygen compounds, of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium and/or hafnium, each calculated as Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3  and Hf 2 O 3 , respectively. Another suitable catalyst is a zirconium, copper, and nickel catalyst, where the catalytically active composition comprises from about 20 to about 85% by weight of oxygen-containing zirconium compounds, calculated as ZrO 2 , from about 1 to about 30% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, from about 30 to about 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of aluminium and/or manganese, calculated as A 2 O 3  and MnO 2  respectively. 
     For the reductive amination step, a supported as well as non-supported catalyst may be used. The supported catalyst is obtained, for example, by deposition of the metallic components of the catalyst compositions onto support materials known to those skilled in the art, using techniques which are well-known in the art, including without limitation, known forms of alumina, silica, charcoal, carbon, graphite, clays, mordenites; and molecular sieves, to provide supported catalysts as well. When the catalyst is supported, the support particles of the catalyst may have any geometric shape, for example spheres, tablets, or cylinders, in a regular or irregular version. The process may be carried out in a continuous or discontinuous mode, e.g. in an autoclave, tube reactor, or fixed-bed reactor. The feed thereto may be upflowing or downflowing, and design features in the reactor which optimize plug flow in the reactor may be employed. The degree of amination is from about 50% to about 100%, typically from about 60% to about 100%, and more typically from about 70% to about 100%. 
     The degree of amination is calculated from the total amine value (AZ) divided by sum of the total acetylables value (AC) and tertiary amine value (tert. AZ) multiplied by 100: (Total AZ: (AC+tert. AZ))×100). The total amine value (AZ) is determined according to DIN 16945. The total acetylables value (AC) is determined according to DIN 53240. The secondary and tertiary amines are determined according to ASTM D2074-07. 
     The hydroxyl value is calculated from (total acetylables value+tertiary amine value)−total amine value. The polyetheramines of the invention are effective for removal of greasy soils, in particular removal of crystalline grease. 
     Especially preferred for use herein is a polyethylene amine of Formula (I) having the following structure formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein n+m is from 0 to 8. Preferably n+m is from 0 to 6 and more preferably from 1 to 6. The polyetheramine may be a polyetheramine of Formula (III), 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
 
R is selected from H or a C1-C6 alkyl group,
 
each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6,
 
each of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , and A 6  is independently selected from a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof,
 
x≧1, y≧1, and z≧1, and the sum of x+y+z is in the range of from about 3 to about 100, and
 
each of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  is independently selected from NH 2  or OH, where at least two of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  are NH 2 .
 
     Preferably, R is H or a C1-C6 alkyl group selected from methyl, ethyl, or propyl. In some aspects, R is H or a C1-C6 alkyl group selected from ethyl. 
     Preferably, each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is independently selected from 0, 1, or 2. Each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  may be independently selected from 0 or 1. More preferably, at least two of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  are 1 and even more preferably, each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is 1. 
     Preferably, each of Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3  is NH 2 . 
     All A groups (i.e., A 1 -A 6 ) may be the same, at least two A groups may be the same, at least two A groups may be different, or all A groups may be different from each other. Each of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , and A 6  may be independently selected from a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, or from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, or from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, at least one, or at least three, of A 1 -A 6  is a linear or branched butylene group. More preferably, each of A 4 , A 5 , and A 6  is a linear or branched butylene group. Especially, each of A 1 -A 6  is a linear or branched butylene group. 
     Preferably, x, y, and/or z are independently selected and should be equal to 3 or greater, meaning that that the polyetheramine may have more than one [A 1 -O] group, more than one [A 2 -O] group, and/or more than one [A 3 -O] group. Preferably, A 1  is selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, A 2  is selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, A 3  is selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, or mixtures thereof. When A 1 , A 2 , and/or A 3  are mixtures of ethylene, propylene, and/or butylenes, the resulting alkoxylate may have a block-wise structure or a random structure. 
     [A 1 -O] x-1  can be selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or mixtures thereof. [A 2 -O] y-1  can be selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or mixtures thereof. [A 3 -O] z-1  can be selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or mixtures thereof. 
     Preferably, the sum of x+y+z is in the range of from about 3 to about 100, or from about 3 to about 30, or from about 3 to about 10, or from about 5 to about 10. 
     Typically, the polyetheramines of the present invention have a weight average molecular weight of from about 150, or from about 200, or from about 350, or from about 500 grams/mole, to about 1000, or to about 900, or to about 800 grams/mole. 
     Preferably, when the polyetheramine is a polyetheramine of Formula (III) where R is a C2 alkyl group (i.e., ethyl) and optionally each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is 1, the molecular weight of the polyetheramine is from about 500 to about 1000, or to about 900, or to about 800 grams/mole. It is also preferred, when the polyetheramine is a polyetheramine of Formula (III) where R is a C2 alkyl group (i.e., ethyl) and optionally each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is 1, at least one A group (i.e., at least one of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, or A6) is not a propylene group. It is also preferred, when the polyetheramine is a polyetheramine of Formula (III) where R is a C2 alkyl group (i.e., ethyl) and optionally each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  is 1, at least one A group (i.e., at least one of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, or A6) is a ethylene group or a butylene group, or more typically at least one A group (i.e., at least one of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, or A6) is a butylene group. 
     Polyetheramine with the following structure are preferred for use herein: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where average n is from about 0.5 to about 5, or from about 1 to about 3, or from about 1 to about 2.5. 
     Other preferred polyetheramines are selected from the group consisting of Formula C, Formula D, Formula E, and mixtures thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where average n is from about 0.5 to about 5. 
     The polyetheramines of Formula (III) of the present invention may be obtained by a process comprising the following steps: 
     a) reacting a low-molecular-weight, organic triol, such as glycerine and/or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, with C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide, to form an alkoxylated triol, where the molar ratio of the low-molecular-weight organic triol to the alkylene oxide is in the range of about 1:3 to about 1:10, and 
     b) aminating the alkoxylated triol with ammonia. 
     This process is described in more detail below. 
     Alkoxylation 
     Polyetheramines according to Formula (III) may be obtained by reductive amination of an alkoxylated triol. Alkoxylated triols according to the present disclosure may be obtained by reaction of low-molecular-weight, organic triols, such as glycerine and/or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, with alkylene oxides according to general alkoxylation procedures known in the art. 
     By “low-molecular-weight,” it is meant that the triol has a molecular weight of from about 64 to about 500, or from about 64 to about 300, or from about 78 to about 200, or from about 92 to about 135 g/mol. The triol may be water soluble. 
     A low-molecular-weight, organic triol useful herein (or simply “low-molecular-weight triol,” as used herein) has the structure of Formula (4): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where R is selected from H or a C1-C6 alkyl group, and where each k is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Preferably, R is H or a C1-C6 alkyl group selected from methyl, ethyl, or propyl. More preferably, R is H or ethyl. k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  can each be independently selected from 0, 1, or 2. Each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  may be independently selected from 0 or 1. Preferably, at least two of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  are 1. More preferably, all three of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  are 1. 
     The low-molecular-weight triol can be selected from glycerine, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, or mixtures thereof. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The alkoxylated triol, such as alkoxylated glycerine or alkoxylated 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, may be prepared in a known manner by reaction of the low-molecular-weight triol with an alkylene oxide. Suitable alkylene oxides are linear or branched C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxides, typically C 2 -C 10  alkylene oxides, more typically C 2 -C 6  alkylene oxides or C 2 -C 4  alkylene oxides. Suitable alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentene oxide, hexene oxide, decene oxide, and dodecene oxide. In some aspects, the C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or a mixture thereof. In some aspects, the C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide is butylene oxide, optionally in combination with other C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxides. 
     The low molecular weight triols, such as glycerine or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, may be reacted with one single type of alkylene oxide or combinations of two or more different types of alkylene oxides, e.g., ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. If two or more different types of alkylene oxides are used, the resulting alkoxylate may have a block-wise structure or a random structure. 
     Typically, the molar ratio of low-molecular-weight triol to C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide at which the alkoxylation reaction is carried out is in the range of about 1:3 to about 1:10, more typically about 1:3 to about 1:6, even more typically about 1:4 to about 1:6. In some aspects, the molar ratio of low-molecular-weight triol to C 2 -C 18  alkylene oxide at which the alkoxylation reaction is carried out is in the range of about 1:5 to about 1:10. 
     When the low-molecular-weight triol is 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, or when R of the triol of Formula (2) is a C2 alkyl and each of k 1 , k 2 , and k 3  are 1, the polyetheramine has a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 1000, or to about 900, or to about 800 grams/mole. 
     The reaction is generally performed in the presence of a catalyst in an aqueous solution at a reaction temperature of from about 70° C. to about 200° C., and typically from about 80° C. to about 160° C. This reaction may be performed at a pressure of up to about 10 bar, or up to about 8 bar. 
     Examples of suitable catalysts are basic catalysts such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, alkali metal alkoxides, in particular sodium and potassium C 1 -C 4 -alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium tert-butoxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride and calcium hydride, and alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Alkali metal hydroxides, such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, are particularly suitable. Typical use amounts for the basic catalyst are from about 0.05 to about 10% by weight, in particular from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, based on the total amount of the low-molecular-weight triol and the alkylene oxide. 
     Amination 
     Polyetheramines according to Formula (III) may be obtained by reductive amination of an alkoxylated triol, such as those described above, for example alkoxylated glycerine or alkoxylated 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst, such as a catalyst containing nickel. Suitable catalysts are described in WO 2011/067199 A1, in WO2011/067200 A1, and in EP0696572 B1. 
     The amination may be carried out in the presence of copper-, nickel- or cobalt-containing catalyst. Preferred catalysts are supported copper-, nickel- and cobalt-containing catalysts, wherein the catalytically active material of the catalysts, before the reduction thereof with hydrogen, comprises oxygen compounds of aluminium, copper, nickel and cobalt, and, in the range of from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight, of oxygen compounds of tin, calculated as SnO. Other preferred catalysts are supported copper-, nickel- and cobalt-containing catalysts, wherein the catalytically active material of the catalysts, before the reduction thereof with hydrogen, comprises oxygen compounds of aluminium, copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, and, in the range of from about 0.2 to about 5.0% by weight, of oxygen compounds of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium and/or hafnium, each calculated as Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3  and Hf 2 O 3 , respectively. Another suitable catalyst is a zirconium, copper, nickel catalyst, wherein the catalytically active composition comprises from about 20 to about 85% by weight of oxygen-containing zirconium compounds, calculated as ZrO 2 , from about 1 to about 30% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, from about 30 to about 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of aluminium and/or manganese, calculated as Al 2 O 3  and MnO 2 , respectively. 
     For the reductive amination step, a supported as well as a non-supported catalyst can be used. The supported catalyst may be obtained by deposition of the metallic components of the catalyst compositions onto support materials known to those skilled in the art, using techniques that are well-known in the art, including, without limitation, known forms of alumina, silica, charcoal, carbon, graphite, clays, mordenites; molecular sieves may be used to provide supported catalysts as well. When the catalyst is supported, the support particles of the catalyst may have any geometric shape, for example, the shape of spheres, tablets, or cylinders in a regular or irregular version. 
     The process can be carried out in a continuous or discontinuous mode, e.g., in an autoclave, tube reactor, or fixed-bed reactor. A number of reactor designs may be used. For example, the feed thereto may be upflowing or downflowing, and design features in the reactor that optimize plug flow in the reactor may be employed. 
     The degree of amination may be from about 67% to about 100%, or from about 85% to about 100%. The degree of amination is calculated from the total amine value (AZ) divided by sum of the total acetylables value (AC) and tertiary amine value (tert. AZ) multiplied by 100 (Total AZ/((AC+tert. AZ)×100)). 
     The total amine value (AZ) is determined according to DIN 16945. 
     The total acetylables value (AC) is determined according to DIN 53240. 
     The secondary and tertiary amines are determined according to ASTM D2074-07. 
     The hydroxyl value is calculated from (total acetylables value+tertiary amine value)−total amine value. 
     Amine of Formula (1): 
     The cleaning amine of Formula (1) has an ethylene diamine core with at least one primary amine functionality. The cleaning amine also comprises at least another nitrogen atom, preferable in the form of a tertiary amine functionality. Herein the term “core” refers to the alkyl chain between two nitrogen radicals. The number of carbons in the core does not include the radicals attached to the core. 
     The cleaning amine has the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5  are independently selected from —H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and n=0-3. 
           
         
       
    
     Preferably, the cleaning amine is aliphatic in nature. The cleaning amine preferably has a molecular weight of less than about 1000 grams/mole and more preferably less than about 450 grams/mole. 
     “n” varies from 0 to not more than 3, preferably “n” is 0. The amine molecule contains at least one primary amine functionality and preferably a tertiary amine functionality.
 
Suitable cleaning amines for use herein include amines wherein R 1  and R 2  are selected from isopropyl and butyl, preferably R 1  and R 2  are both isopropyl or both butyl.
 
     Preferably cleaning amines include those in which R1 and R2 are isopropyl and preferably, n is 0. Also preferred are amines in which R1 and R2 are butyl and preferably, n is 0 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     R5 is preferably —CH3 or —CH2CH3. Cleaning amines in which R5 is —CH3 or —CH2CH3 could be good in terms of composition stability. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the methyl or ethyl radical can provide stearic hinderance that protects the cleaning amine from negative interaction with other components of the cleaning composition. 
     Amine of Formula (2): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein R 1  and R 4  are independently selected from —H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl; having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R 2  is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 3 to 10 carbons, R 3  is a linear or branched alkyl from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R 5  is H, methyl or ethyl and is preferably located in alpha position from the amine functionality/ies, and n=0-3. 
           
         
       
    
     The cleaning amine of formula (2) has a C3-C6 diamine core with at least one of the amine functionalities being a primary amine. Herein the term “core” refers to the alkyl chain between two nitrogen radicals. The number of carbons in the core does not include the radicals attached to the core. 
     The cleaning amine of formula (2) preferably has a molecular weight of less than about 1000 grams/mole and more preferably less than about 450 grams/mole. 
     “n” varies from 0 to not more than 3, preferably “n” is 0. The amine molecule contains at least one primary amine functionality and preferably a tertiary amine functionality.
 
Suitable cleaning amines include amines wherein R 1  and R 2  are selected from propyl, butyl and hexyl, preferably R 1  and R 2  are both propyl, butyl or hexyl. Preferably n is 0.
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Another preferred cleaning amine for use herein is cyclohexyl propylenediamine (wherein n=0, R1 is cyclohexanyl and R2 is H) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Especially preferred for use herein is the amine of Formula (3) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Alternatively the cleaning amine could be a polyalkanolamine polymer, preferably a polytriethanolamine polymer, or a derivative thereof. 
     The liquid detergent composition may comprise from 0.1 to 5%, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of the detergent composition of the cleaning amine. 
     The liquid detergent composition may comprise a surfactant, preferably selected from anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants. Preferably the surfactant is selected from anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and a mixture thereof. 
     The anionic surfactant may be selected from non-soap anionic surfactants, soap or a mixture thereof. The non-soap anionic surfactant preferably comprises linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkyl sulphate, alkoxylated alkyl sulphate, or a mixture thereof. Preferably wherein the non-soap anionic surfactant comprises linear alkylbenzene sulphonate and alkoxylated alkyl sulphate, the weight ratio of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate to alkoxylated alkyl sulphate is from 2:1 to 1:8 preferably from 1:1 to 1:5 most preferably from 1:1.25 to 1:4. The liquid laundry detergent composition may comprise between 5% and 45%, preferably between 10% and 40%, more preferably between 15% and 35%, most preferably between 20% and 30% by weight of the liquid detergent composition of the non-soap anionic surfactant. 
     The liquid laundry detergent composition may comprise between 5% and 35%, preferably between 5% and 20%, more preferably between 5% and 15% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of the non-soap anionic surfactant. 
     The amphoteric surfactant may comprise amine oxide, more preferably wherein the amine oxide is selected from C 12-14  dimethyl amine oxide or C 12-14  amido propyl dimethyl amine oxide, preferably C 12-14  dimethyl amine oxide, most preferably linear C 12-14  dimethyl amine oxide. When comprising amphoteric surfactant, preferably amine oxide surfactant, the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises from 0.01% to 20%, preferably from 0.2% to 15%, more preferably from 0.5% to 10%, most preferably from 1% to 5% by weight of the liquid detergent composition of the amphoteric surfactant preferably amine oxide surfactant. 
     The liquid detergent composition may comprise a non-ionic surfactant preferably wherein the non-ionic surfactant is selected from a fatty alcohol alkoxylate, an oxo-synthesised fatty alcohol alkoxylate, Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl phenol alcohol alkoxylates or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the weight ratio of non-soap anionic surfactant to non-ionic surfactant is from 1:1 to 20:1, preferably from 1.3:1 to 15:1, more preferably from 1.5:1 to 10:1. 
     The liquid laundry detergent composition may comprise between 1% and 25%, preferably between 1.5% and 20%, most preferably between 2% and 15% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of the non-ionic surfactant. 
     The liquid detergent composition may comprise between 1% and 25%, preferably between 1.5% and 20%, more preferably between 1% and 25%, preferably between 1.5% and 20%, most preferably between 2% and 15% by weight of the liquid detergent composition of soap. 
     The liquid laundry detergent composition may comprise a cleaning or care polymer, preferably wherein the cleaning or care polymer is selected from an ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, alkoxylated polyalkyl phenol, an amphiphilic graft copolymer, a polyester terephthalate, a hydroxyethylcellulose, a carboxymethylcellulose or a mixture thereof. 
     The liquid detergent composition may comprise a non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent may be selected from the group comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer having molecular weight between 300 and 600, dipropylene glycol (DPG), nbutoxy propoxy propanol (nBPP), 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, ethanol and mixtures thereof, preferably wherein the non-aqueous solvent may be selected from the group comprising dipropylene glycol (DPG), nbutoxy propoxy propanol (nBPP), 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof. 
     The liquid detergent composition may comprise an adjunct ingredient selected from hueing dyes, polymers, builders, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach, bleach activators, polymeric dispersing agents, anti-redeposition agents, suds suppressors, aesthetic dyes, opacifiers, perfumes, perfume delivery systems, structurants, hydrotropes, processing aids, pigments and mixtures thereof. 
     Preferably, the liquid laundry detergent composition is non-Newtonian. Without wishing to be bound by theory, a non-Newtonian liquid has properties that differ from those of a Newtonian liquid, more specifically, the viscosity of non-Newtonian liquids is dependent on shear rate while a Newtonian liquid has a constant viscosity independent of the applied shear rate. 
     The liquid detergent composition may have a viscosity of at least 2 Pa·s at a shear rate of 0.5 s −1  as measured using a TA Rheometer AR2000 at 25° C., preferably wherein the liquid detergent composition has a viscosity of between 2 Pa·s and 35 Pa·s, preferably between 2.5 Pa·s and 30 Pa·s, more preferably between 3 Pa·s and 25 Pa·s, even more preferably between 5 Pa·s and 20 Pa·s, most preferably between 10 Pa·s and 16 Pa·s at a shear rate of 0.5 s −1  as measured using a TA Rheometer AR2000 at 25° C. 
     Method of Washing 
     A further aspect of the present invention is a method of washing comprising the steps of adding the water-soluble unit dose article according to the present invention to sufficient water to dilute the liquid detergent composition by a factor of at least 300 fold to create a wash liquor and contacting items to be washed with said wash liquor. 
     Packaged Product 
     A further aspect of the present invention is a packaged product comprising a recloseable container and at least one water-soluble unit dose article according to the present invention comprised therein. 
     Those skilled in the art will be aware of relevant storage receptacles. Preferably, the storage receptacle is a flexible, preferably resealable, bag, a rigid, preferably recloseable, tub or a mixture thereof, preferably, wherein the storage receptacle comprises a child resistant closure. Those skilled in the art will be aware of suitable child resistant closures. 
     The package may be made from any suitable material. The container may be made from metallic materials, Aluminium, plastic materials, cardboard materials, laminates, cellulose pulp materials or a mixture thereof. The package may be made from a plastic material, preferably a polyolefin material. The package may be made from polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, PVC or a mixture thereof or more durable engineering plastics like Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polycarbonates, Polyamides and the like The material used to make the container may comprise other ingredients, such as colorants, preservatives, plasticisers, UV stabilizers, Oxygen, perfume and moisture barriers recycled materials and the like. 
     Use 
     A further aspect of the present invention is the use of a cleaning amine in a liquid detergent composition comprised within a water-soluble unit dose article as according to the present invention to provide excellent grease cleaning benefits as well as reduced liquid leakage from prematurely ruptured unit dose articles, improved dissolution of water-soluble unit dose articles in water, or a mixture thereof. 
     The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”. 
     Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning of definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern. 
     While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.