Patent Publication Number: US-2022234949-A1

Title: Method for manufacturing a hollow glass product from a glass tube semi-finished product having markings, and uses of the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/835,644, filed on Dec. 8, 2017, which in turn claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to German Patent Application No. 10 2016 124 833.9, filed on Dec. 19, 2016, each of which is incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     1. Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates generally to manufacturing and backtracking of hollow glass products made from glass manufactured of glass tube semi-finished products, in particular containers for substances for pharmaceutical, medical or cosmetic applications, such as vials, cartridges or syringe bodies, for example, and uses thereof. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a hollow glass product from a glass tube semi-finished product having at least one marking, with which a backtracking can be accomplished in a simple manner, for example for the purposes of quality control or quality improvement. 
     2. Discussion of the Related Art 
     Various methods for marking and coding semi-finished or finished products are known from the prior art. However, because of the particular material characteristics and manufacturing conditions of glass, the methods usually used for marking or coding glass involve imprinting markings or the like directly into the glass material. 
     In addition to effective protection against counterfeiting, increased product safety is playing an increasingly important role. Particularly for pharmaceutical containers, which increasingly have to comply with higher specifications, an improved information situation regarding origin, concrete production conditions etc. in the manufacture of glass tube semi-finished products and in the manufacture of hollow glass products from glass tube semi-finished products is therefore increasingly desired. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Accordingly, there exists a need to make further improvements in this area. Notably, there exists the need to provide an improved method for manufacturing a hollow glass product from a glass tube semi-finished product and uses of the same, with which a better product safety can be achieved in a simple manner, for example for the purposes of quality control or quality improvement. 
     In a first embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a hollow glass product from a glass tube semi-finished product. The method comprises the steps of: separating the glass tube semi-finished product from a glass strand; applying a marking to the glass tube semi-finished product on a surface of the glass tube semi-finished product, wherein the marking is applied without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of an inner surface of the glass tube semi-finished product, and wherein the marking is applied during or after the separating step; and thermally forming the glass tube semi-finished product, at least in a portion thereof, to form the hollow glass product at temperatures above the transformation temperature of the glass tube semi-finished product. The marking is readable on the hollow glass product after its manufacture. 
     In a second embodiment, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing a computer program having program codes. When executed by a processor device, the program codes cause the processor device to control a method comprising the steps of: separating a glass tube semi-finished product from a glass strand; applying a marking to the glass tube semi-finished product on a surface of the glass tube semi-finished product, wherein the marking is applied without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of an inner surface of the glass tube semi-finished product, and wherein the marking is applied during or after the separating step; and thermally forming the glass tube semi-finished product, at least in a portion thereof, to form a hollow glass product at temperatures above the transformation temperature of the glass tube semi-finished product. The marking is readable on the hollow glass product after its manufacture. 
     By reading out the marking, according to the disclosure it is thus possible to clearly identify the glass tube semi-finished product from which the hollow glass product is made. In addition, tube-specific production data of this glass tube semi-finished product can also be determined and traced directly. This means that the entire supply chain for the hollow glass product can be clearly determined from the supplier of the originally used glass tube semi-finished product up to the end product. For quality assurance purposes and the like, the respective tube-specific production data can also be determined. According to the disclosure, the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product are not altered, which can be achieved by simply applying a marking using a printer, such as an inkjet printer, or using a laser. This means that according to the present disclosure an assignment of the data, such as for example when using certificates or the like for pallets or packaging units of glass tube semi-finished products, cannot be lost, since the assignment is fixed for direct coding. This is because certificates for pallets or packaging units do not permit the tube-specific transfer of relevant quality and production data. 
     The fact that the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product are not altered when the marking is applied should mean in the context of the present application that the physical and chemical characteristics of the inner surface of the glass tube semi-finished product shall remain unaltered, i.e. the inner surface is not affected by a change in its physical and chemical properties, particularly against the leaching of ions into the interior of a hollow glass product to be produced from the glass tube semi-finished product. 
     Parameters or data sets can be used to determine the origin of the glass tube semi-finished product, such as numerical codes that encode a glass tube manufacturer, a serial number, batch number, draw number, date of manufacture, etc. generated by the manufacturer of the glass tube. For the purpose of this disclosure, these parameters can be supplemented by additional information representing a complete family tree of the glass tube semi-finished product used in the manufacturing of the hollow glass product. 
     According to another independent aspect of the present disclosure, which constitutes an independent alternative to the above method, there is provided a method for manufacturing a hollow glass product from a glass tube semi-finished product, comprising the steps of: providing the glass tube semi-finished product having a first marking, wherein the first marking is applied without altering the physical or chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product; further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product and thermal forming of the glass tube semi-finished product, which is performed at least in sections, into the hollow glass product at temperatures above the transformation temperature of the glass tube semi-finished product; wherein the first marking includes information about an origin and/or tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product, and wherein the first marking is removed during further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product and the thermal forming of the glass tube semi-finished product, performed at least in sections, into the hollow glass tube product, and wherein an additional marking is generated on the hollow glass product, which includes the information of the first marking about the origin and/or the tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product, and wherein the additional marking can be read out on the manufactured hollow glass product subsequent to its manufacture in order to enable a decision to be made about the origin and/or production data of the glass tube semi-finished product used for the manufacturing of the hollow glass product. This method is particularly suitable if the process conditions during further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product do not permit maintaining the integrity of the first marking with the relevant information, for example, because the relevant section on which the first marking is provided is deformed or processed in such a way that it is no longer possible to read the first marking. Instead, this information is read out at an appropriate point in time during further processing, e. g. before starting the further processing, and a new or different marking is applied to the hollow glass product at an appropriate point in time, for which purpose generally any marking method can be used, in particular those marking methods in which the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product are not changed, e. g. by applying a marking using a printer (e.g. bar code) or by means of a printer. In principle, however, such methods are also suitable as marking methods which alter the physical or chemical characteristics of the glass of the hollow glass product, including those methods using laser marking according to US 2003 0029849 A1, DE 102 34 002 A1 and WO 2012 028611 A1 of the applicant, the contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference. The fact that the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product are not altered when the marking is applied should mean in the context of the present application that the physical and chemical characteristics of the inner surface of the glass tube semi-finished product shall remain unaltered, i.e. the inner surface is not affected by a change in its physical and chemical properties, particularly against the leaching of ions into the interior of a hollow glass product to be produced from the glass tube semi-finished product. 
     According to a further embodiment, the first marking is generated continuously or discontinuously during forming of the tube at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the glass tube semi-finished product. In particular, these intervals can be matched to the subsequent process steps to be performed for further processing the glass tube semi-finished product. If it is known, for example, that individual segments of a predetermined length are separated from the glass tube semi-finished product later to be further processed into a hollow glass product, the first markings can be applied at this predetermined distance to each other, in order to ensure that subsequently a first marking is applied to each hollow glass product. 
     According to a further embodiment, the first marking or the additional marking is generated as a single marking at a predetermined position on the glass tube semi-finished product. This first or additional marking can be separated and replaced by a new marking, or supplemented by an additional marking, particularly at a further processing plant. Because this information is provided at a predetermined position, it can be read out reliably in a simple and an automated manner, because the marking does not have to be searched for on the surface of the hollow glass product. 
     According to a further embodiment, the additional marking is generated at temperatures above a transformation temperature (T G ) of the glass of the glass tube semi-finished product. A high level of anti-counterfeit protection is thus guaranteed in a simple manner, since often reheating of hollow glass products to temperatures above the transformation temperature (T G ) of the glass is not possible for technical reasons, for example if the hollow glass product is already filled with a substance, or if the hollow glass product was manufactured with such a high degree of precision that it is no longer possible to meet the tolerances after reheating to temperatures above the transformation temperature (T G ) of the glass. 
     According to a further embodiment, the second marking is generated during separation of the glass tube semi-finished product from a continuous strand of glass tubing. Since this separation can only be done by the original manufacturer, this therefore guarantees also a high level of anti-counterfeit protection. 
     A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a hollow glass product made of glass, in particular a container for receiving substances for pharmaceutical, medical or cosmetic applications, produced by further processing of a glass tube semi-finished product as disclosed above, including a thermal forming of the glass tube semi-finished product, which is carried out at least in sections, for example at only one end region of the glass tube semi-finished product. 
     A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of tracing a hollow glass product which is manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including a thermal forming of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product performed at least in sections, comprising the steps of: reading out information from a marking provided on the hollow glass product; determining the origin and/or the tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product, on the basis of the information read out of the marking. 
     A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a corresponding device for tracing a glass tube semi-finished product or a hollow glass product, which is manufactured by further processing of a glass tube semi-finished product including a thermal forming of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product performed at least in section, wherein the device is configured to carry out the aforementioned method as disclosed hereinafter. 
     A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a corresponding computer program product for carrying out the aforementioned method. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be described in the following in an exemplary manner and with reference to the appended drawings, from which will ensue further features, advantages and objects to be achieved. The figures show: 
         FIG. 1 a    a first exemplary embodiment of a glass tube semi-finished product for use in a method according to the present disclosure for manufacturing a hollow glass product; 
         FIG. 1 b    a second exemplary embodiment of a glass tube semi-finished product for use in a method according to the present disclosure for manufacturing a hollow glass product; 
         FIG. 1 c    a third exemplary embodiment of a glass tube semi-finished product for use in a method according to the present disclosure for manufacturing a hollow glass product; 
         FIG. 2 a    a first exemplary embodiment of a hollow glass product manufactured from a glass tube semi-finished product according to the present disclosure with an enlarged view of markings provided thereon; 
         FIG. 2 b    a second exemplary embodiment of a hollow glass product manufactured from a glass tube semi-finished product according to the present disclosure with an enlarged view of a marking provided thereon; 
         FIG. 3  a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a hollow glass product according to the present disclosure that is manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including thermal forming of said glass tube semi-finished product, at least in sections. 
         FIG. 4  a schematic flow diagram of a method for backtracking a hollow glass product according to the present disclosure that is manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including thermal forming of said glass tube semi-finished product performed at least in sections; 
         FIG. 5  a schematic diagram of an apparatus for backtracking a hollow glass product according to the present disclosure that is manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including thermal forming of said glass tube semi-finished product performed at least in sections; 
         FIG. 6 a    schematically summarizes the markings provided on a glass tube semi-finished product at various stages of further processing; and 
         FIG. 6 b    a schematic flow diagram of the various stages of further processing of a glass tube semi-finished product into a pharmaceutical packaging and its further processing. 
     
    
    
     Identical reference numerals in the Figures indicate identical elements or groups of elements or those with substantially the same effect. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       FIG. 1 a    shows a first embodiment of a glass tube semi-finished product which, according to the present disclosure, is used for the manufacture of a hollow glass product from it, as described in more detail below, with an enlarged representation of the markings provided on it. For the production of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , a tube strand marking  2  (“first marking”) is continuously applied to the glass tube strand, which includes at least one first piece of information  8 . According to the disclosure, this first piece of information  8  includes information which, either directly or indirectly, i.e. by accessing data of a database or a data carrier, indicates the origin of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , which, in the sense of this application, includes in particular information on the manufacturer, production site and/or production plant of glass tube  1 . Generally, these parameters can also be variable, e.g. type of glass, specific production conditions such as sorting settings. These data on the origin of the glass tube semi-finished product  1  can be written in uncoded form in the first information  8 , but can also be coded and then cannot be read out in plain text, but can only be read according to a predetermined computation rule or decoding rule. As described below, according to the present disclosure this first marking can in principle be retained unaltered, even during further processing up to the hollow glass product (e.g. pharmaceutical containers). 
     According to  FIG. 1 a   , the tube strand markings  2  are applied on the glass tube semi-finished product  1  along the longitudinal direction (z) of the glass tube semi-finished product  1  preferably at predetermined constant intervals (I) from each other. These intervals I can, for example, be matched to the envisaged length of those sections from which the hollow glass products (for example pharmaceutical containers) are subsequently to be manufactured and which have to be cut to size from an original glass tube semi-finished product for this purpose, including any wastage or any sections to be cut off. 
     Expediently the afore-mentioned first marking  2  additionally includes a second piece of information  9  enabling a later traceability of a section of glass tube semi-finished product cut from the glass tube semi-finished product  1  or of the hollow glass product (for example pharmaceutical container) subsequently manufactured therefrom. This second piece of information can in particular be data relating to batch number, tube strand number, a serial number of a glass tube semi-finished product separated from the tube strand, manufacturing time etc. 
     In addition, the tubing strand marking  2  can include additional information on tube-specific production data, including, in particular, the production parameters for tube forming (for example, glass melt, processing temperatures, the speed at which the glass tube strand is drawn off, the forming agents used, such as the Danner tube or Vello nozzle, as well as their dimensions and characteristics, temperature and process conditions for cooling the glass tube strand after tube forming. Generally, these parameters can also be variable, e. g. type of glass, specific production conditions such as sorting settings. 
     Information  8 ,  9  enables the complete supply chain of a glass tube semi-finished product  1  to be traced back, in particular either by directly reading the relevant information from marking  2  or indirectly by accessing an external database or a data carrier, if necessary using the information read from marking  2 . 
     Tube strand markings  2  are preferably applied directly to the still continuous glass tube strand, but can also be applied only after cutting to length and separating glass tube semi-finished products  1  from a glass tube strand. According to the disclosure, markings  2  are applied without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , which can be done by printing a marking or by means of laser marking, for example. At most the physical characteristics are changed locally, but this section or the tube end is later removed during a further processing operation, as described below. The markings  2  can be coded in the usual way, for example in the form of a matrix code or bar codes, but can also display the information in alphanumeric notation. 
       FIG. 1 b    shows a second embodiment of a glass tube semi-finished product  1 . In addition to the aforementioned tube strand marking  2 , at least one second marking  3  is provided at a suitable position on the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , for example at a respective beginning or end of a glass tube semi-finished product  1 . This second marking  3  includes at least a first information  10  and a second information  11 , but can generally include further information  12 . According to the present disclosure, the information  10 ,  11  together with the tube strand marking  2 , if applicable, enable a traceability of the entire supply chain of a glass tube semi-finished product  1 . For this purpose, the first information  10  can indicate the origin of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , whereas the second information displays tube-specific production data, as described above. 
     The additional information  12  can display part of the tube-specific production data which is not absolutely necessary for traceability of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 . An example is that this information allows  12  conclusions to be drawn as to which device was used to generate the tube strand marking  2  and/or the second marking  3  on the glass tube semi-finished product  1 . This could be, for example, a serial number, type designation, etc. of such a device, which is provided by the original manufacturer of the glass tube semi-finished product  1  or by an authorized device manufacturer. This information can also be certified by an external service provider, such as a testing agency. This information can be readable in plain text, but is preferably readable according to a predetermined calculation rule or decoding rule. 
     Preferably, also the second marking  3  is applied to the glass tube semi-finished product  1  without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , which can be done by printing a marking or by means of laser marking, for example. The marks  2 ,  3  can be coded in the usual way, for example in the form of a matrix code or bar code, but can also display the information in alphanumeric notation. 
       FIG. 1 c    shows a third embodiment of a glass tube semi-finished product. As a difference to the previous embodiments, the aforementioned tube strand marking  2  is not provided on the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , but all relevant information is contained in the marking  3 , which is provided at a suitable position on the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , for example at a respective beginning or end of a glass tube semi-finished product  1 . 
     The marking  3  includes at least a first piece of information  10  and a second piece of information  11 , but can in principle include additional information  12 . According to the present disclosure, the information  10 ,  11  enables the entire supply chain of a glass tube semi-finished product  1  to be traced. For this purpose, the first information  10  can indicate the origin of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , whereas the second information  11  indicates tube-specific production data, as described above. The additional information  12  can indicate a part of the tube-specific production data which is not absolutely necessary for traceability of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , as outline above with reference to  FIG. 1   b.    
     Preferably, also the second marking  3  is applied to the glass tube semi-finished product  1  without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , which can be done by printing a marking or by means of laser marking, for example. The second marking  3  can be coded in the usual way, for example in the form of a matrix code or barcode, but can also display this information in alphanumeric notation. 
       FIG. 2 a    shows a first embodiment of a hollow glass product made from a semi-finished glass tube, as described above, with an enlarged representation of the markings provided on it. The hollow-glass product in this embodiment is a pharmaceutical container  20  in the form of a hollow cylindrical syringe body  21  having a flange  22  and an ejection opening  23 , although the present disclosure should not be limited to such hollow-glass products. 
     According to  FIG. 2 a   , a first marking  2  and a second marking  4  are applied to the syringe body  21 , conveniently at positions spaced apart from each other. The first marking  2  is preferably a tube strand marking, as described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 a -1 c   . In principle, this first marking  2  can include all the information necessary to enable, either directly or indirectly, a decision to be made on the origin and/or on the tube-specific production data of that glass tube semi-finished product which has been specifically used for the manufacture of the hollow glass product  20 , as shown in  FIG. 1 a    above, in order to enable the hollow glass product to be assigned to an initial glass tube used in its manufacture. Generally, when manufacturing the hollow glass product  20  from the glass tube semi-finished product, this marking  2  can remain unaltered on the outer wall of the hollow glass product  20 , which presupposes an appropriate control of the manufacturing process, in particular a forming only in areas that are sufficiently far apart from the first marking  2 , so that this is not substantially changed. 
     If the first marking  2  does not include the complete information to enable a decision to be made on the origin and/or the tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product, according to  FIG. 2 a    a second marking  4  can be applied to the syringe body  21 . This second marking  4  can correspond to marking  3  in accordance with  FIGS. 1 b  and 1 c   , which includes complete information to enable, either directly or indirectly, a decision to be made on the origin and/or tube-specific production data of that semi-finished glass tube that has been used for manufacture of the syringe body  21 . 
     In principle, the second marking  4  can also be applied to the hollow glass product  20  during or after further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product. For this purpose, for example, the information previously available on the glass tube semi-finished product can be read out and the second marking  4  can be applied freshly to the hollow glass product  20 . If necessary, additional information can also be written into the second marking  4 , for example, on the process parameters that are used during further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product  20 . 
     The second marking  4  is preferably applied to the hollow glass product  20  without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the hollow glass product  20 , which can be done by printing a marking or by means of laser marking, for example. The second marking  4  can be coded in the usual way, for example in the form of a matrix code or barcode, but can also display the information in alphanumeric notation. 
       FIG. 2 b    shows a second embodiment of a hollow glass product made from a glass tube semi-finished product, as described above, with an enlarged representation of the markings provided on it. 
     According to  FIG. 2 b   , a marking  4  is applied to syringe body  21 . Preferably, the marking  4  is a tube strand marking, as described above with reference to  FIG. 1 a   , which includes all the information necessary to enable, either directly or indirectly, a decision to be made on the origin and/or on the tube-specific production data of that glass tube semi-finished product that has been specifically used for manufacture the syringe body  21 , as described above with reference to  FIG. 1 a   , in order to enable the hollow glass product  20  to be assigned to an initial glass tube used for its manufacture. In the manufacture of hollow glass product  20  from the glass tube semi-finished product, generally the marking  2  can remain unaltered on the outer wall of the hollow glass product  20  and be used as marking  4 , which presupposes an appropriate control of the manufacturing process, in particular a forming only in areas which are sufficiently far apart from marking  2 , so that it is not significantly altered. 
     In principle, marking  4  can also be applied to the hollow glass product  20  during or after further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product. For this purpose, for example, the information previously available on the glass tube semi-finished product can be read out and the marking  4  can applied freshly to the hollow glass product  20 . If necessary, additional information can also be written into the marking  4 , e. g. about the process parameters which are used during the further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product  20 . 
     Preferably, marking  4  is applied to the hollow glass product  20  without altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the hollow glass product  20 , which can be done by printing a marking or by means of laser marking, for example. Marking  4  can be coded in the usual way, for example in the form of a matrix code or bar code, but can also display the information in alphanumeric notation. 
       FIG. 3  shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a hollow glass product according to the present disclosure that has been manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including a thermal forming of said glass tube semi-finished product, at least in sections, in particular at temperatures above the transformation temperature of the glass. For example, the glass tube semi-finished product can be sufficiently heated at one end and then thermally formed in this region. This method is preferably performed by a further-processing company, which obtains original glass tube semi-finished products from an original manufacturer and further processes these into desired hollow glass products. A preferred example of such hollow glass products, which, within the meaning of the present disclosure, are manufactured from original glass tube semi-finished product, are containers for substances for pharmaceutical, medical or also cosmetic applications. 
     In step S 1 , a glass tube semi-finished product is fed into the process for further processing as described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 a -1 c   . Here, the original glass tube is provided with at least one marking, in particular a marking as described above with reference to  FIG. 1 c   , which includes all the information necessary to enable a decision to be made on the origin and/or tube-specific production data of the semi-finished glass tube. 
     The information of the marking(s) is then read in step S 2  and is available for further processing. A prerequisite for this is that the further-processing company is aware of all relevant information and specifications, knows how to read the marking(s) from the original glass tube and how to further process it/them, for example for the purpose of decoding or recoding in order to apply a new or additional marking in step S 4 . For this it is also essentially possible that the relevant facilities at the further-processing company, in particular a device for reading the marking(s) and a device for applying a new or additional marking in step S 4 , are connected via a network, for example the Internet, preferably via a secure connection with encryption, with a central processor or database of the manufacturer of the original glass tubes. 
     Generally, the marking on the glass tube semi-finished product can remain unaltered on the hollow glass product during further processing of the original glass tube in step S 3  during further processing. During further processing of the original glass tube in step S 3  at the further processing company, the marking can also be removed from the glass tube semi-finished product after the relevant information has been read out in advance, for example by separating an end section of the original glass tube with the marking, and replaced by a new marking in step S 4 . Or the information originally provided on the glass tube semi-finished product is supplemented by additional marking information in step S 4 . This can also be reported back to the manufacturer of the original glass tube, for example to update a database operated by the manufacturer with relevant information on all glass tubes produced by the manufacturer. 
     The further processing of the original glass tube semi-finished product can, in particular, include a thermal forming in sections at temperatures above the transformation temperature of the glass. During this process, while the glass is still soft from heating, a new or additional piece of information can be applied to the transformed hollow glass product in step S 4 , preferably in the form of a Digital Matrix Code (DMC), for example by means of a method such as that disclosed in US 2003 0029849 A1, DE 102 34 002 A1 or WO 2012 028611 A1 of the applicant, the content of which is expressly incorporated herewith by way of reference. The above-mentioned data can thereby be applied as uncoded text or using a predetermined coding. 
     Of course, in the context of the present disclosure, provision can be made for the further-processing company to measure and record relevant process parameters during further processing of the original glass tube semi-finished product to form the hollow glass product. This information can be incorporated in the generation of the new or additional marking on the hollow glass product, e.g. by including the relevant process parameters directly in the new or additional marking, or by integrating in the new or additional marking a corresponding link to the associated datasets in a database operated by the further-processing company, to which the original manufacturer of the original glass tubes and the further-processing company have access, but possibly also other parties, such as e.g. certification service providers. 
     According to the present disclosure, the at least one marking that is finally provided on the hollow glass product (cf.  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   ) is in each case configured such as to enable, either directly or indirectly, a decision to be made on the origin and/or on the tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product used for the manufacture of the hollow glass product. In this way, according to the present disclosure the supply chain can be traced back completely from the initial glass tube up to the hollow glass product, including relevant original information on the glass tube semi-finished product, production data from suppliers of the glass tube semi-finished product, production parameters, tube manufacturing data, sorting settings, etc. 
     In other words: according to the disclosure, a complete family tree of the relevant data is possible from the original glass tube or the corresponding section of it up to the hollow glass product, so that not only a traceability is possible, but for the purpose of a quality control and optimization of logistics and further processing steps also a complete traceability to all relevant parameters of the original glass tube or the corresponding section of it is possible. For example, the continuous tube strand can be marked with all relevant original parameters (manufacturer, serial number, glass melt, tube tension . . . ) during tube forming. 
     By means of the coding or marking of the hollow glass product at the further processing company a complete traceability to all relevant parameters of the original glass tube or of the corresponding section of it is also possible on the hollow glass product, e.g. on the consumer&#39;s side. 
     This means that important information is also available at a later date for complaints or damage analyses. 
       FIG. 4  shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for backtracking a hollow glass product according to the present disclosure that has been manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including thermal forming of said glass tube semi-finished product performed at least in sections. This method can be executed in particular by a consumer but also for the purposes of quality control and quality assurance. To do this, in step S 10 , information is read from the at least one marking on the hollow glass product (cf.  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   ). Optionally, in step S 11 , this captured information is linked with further information about the original glass tube, in order to allow, on the basis of the link in step S 12 , a decision to be made about an origin and/or about the tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product from which the hollow glass product has been manufactured. For this purpose, access can be provided to a database that is operated by the manufacturer of the original glass tube and/or by the further-processing company. This access can be via a network, for example a company network or the Internet, wherein secure connections including an encryption are preferably used. 
       FIG. 5  shows a schematic diagram of a device for backtracking a hollow glass product according to the present disclosure that has been manufactured by further processing a glass tube semi-finished product including a thermal forming of said glass tube semi-finished product performed at least in sections. According to  FIG. 5 , a detection device  30 , which reads at least one marking  3  on the hollow glass product (cf.  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   ) is provided. In the case of a Digital Matrix Code (DMC), optical reading methods can be employed for this purpose, such as the method disclosed in US 2003 0029849 A1, DE 102 34 002 A1 or WO 2012 028611 A1 of the applicant. Even if the at least one marking has been printed on the hollow glass product or applied by means of a laser marking, the at least one marking on the hollow glass product can be read out by means of an optical reading procedure. This can be performed under the control of a control device  34 , particularly of a processor. For this purpose, there can be an access to an internal database  31 , in which relevant data are stored, which allows a tracking of the hollow glass product  20  back to the glass tube semi-finished product, from which the hollow glass product  20  was manufactured. These relevant data can also be stored in an external database  32 , which is operated, for example, by an original manufacturer of glass tubes or by a certified further-processing company. The access to this external database  32  can be via a network, for example a company network or the Internet, wherein secure connections including an encryption are preferred. 
     Of course, the control can also take place via a control device  34 , which is operated by an original manufacturer of glass tubes or by a certified further-processing company. To this end, data communication can take place via a network, for example a company network or the Internet, wherein secure connections, including an encryption, are preferred. 
       FIG. 6 a    schematically summarizes the markings provided on the glass tube semi-finished product in various stages of further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product. The top part first of all shows a continuous tube strand  1  directly after tube forming. Glass tube semi-finished products  1  are cut to a predetermined length from this tube strand  1  by the glass tube manufacturer, for example a length of 1.5 m. Glass tube semi-finished products  1  are each linked with information on origin or on origin and tube-specific production data, as shown in  FIG. 6 a    exemplified by marking  2 , which can be, e.g., serial numbers ‘7808’,‘7809’. As is further shown in  FIG. 6 a   , during cutting to length of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , a first marking  3  is generated at a predetermined position of the respective glass tube semi-finished product  1 , for example at a back end. The information of this first marking  3  is linked in a suitable manner to the information about the origin of the glass tube semi-finished product  1  and about tube-specific data. The relevant data during manufacture of the glass tube semi-finished product  1  are also stored in a database of the glass tube manufacturer in one-to-one correlation with the respective glass tube semi-finished product  1 . An authorized further-processing company and/or a filling company can access this database. 
     The bottom part of  FIG. 6 a    shows the steps performed by a further-processing company. The glass tube semi-finished product  1  is first of all taken out of a transport packaging. During this process the pieces of information are read out from the first marking  3  and further processed. The glass tube semi-finished product  1  is then further processed, namely according to  FIG. 6 a    in order to form a hollow glass product  20 , for example a syringe body, vial or the like. As shown in  FIG. 6 a   , after it has been read, the first marking  3  is removed during further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product  1 , for example by cutting the section bearing the additional marking off the glass tube semi-finished product. The information read from the first marking  3  is used to generate a new marking  3 ′ (‘additional marking’), which is linked in the manner described above to the information of the first marking  3 , so as to allow a decision to be made about an origin or about an origin and tube-specific data of the original glass tube semi-finished product  1 . 
       FIG. 6 b    shows a schematic flow diagram of the various stages of the further processing of a glass tube semi-finished product into a pharmaceutical packaging material and its further processing. First of all, individual glass tube semi-finished products are cut to length and separated from the continuous glass tube strand in S 21  step by the manufacturer of the glass tube semi-finished products. A first marking is created, for example a consecutive number (‘7809’). Further information can also be encoded into the first marking, which is indicated by the optional step S 22  (e.g. information on the length of the respective glass tube semi-finished product, the axial run-out during tube forming, etc.). This additional information can also be encoded in the first marking. 
     Following step S 22  and further packaging, the glass tube semi-finished products are delivered to a further processing company (step S 23 ). After unpacking the glass tube semi-finished product, this further processing company reads the first marking on the glass tube semi-finished product (step S 24 ). Then, in step S 25 , a query to the database of the manufacturer of the glass tube semi-finished product can be made, making available the complete information associated with the first marking. For example, the first marking can only include a sequential number, based on which the complete information becomes available by means of a query to the database of the manufacturer of the glass tube semi-finished product. The glass tube semi-finished product is then further processed into a hollow glass product (step S 26 ). Here, the first marking is removed after reading the information. Subsequently, a new marking (‘additional marking’) is applied to the hollow glass product, as described above with reference to  FIG. 6 a   . The information of the new marking is linked to the information of the first marking in the manner described above to enable a decision to be made on the origin or on the origin and tube-specific production data of the original glass tube semi-finished product  1 . Furthermore, the new marking can also include production data and production parameters during the manufacture of the hollow glass product at the further processing company, such as process parameters for the thermal forming of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product, which is carried out at least in sections. In step S 27 , this additional information is also stored in a database, which can also be the database of the manufacturer of the glass tube semi-finished product. 
     After step S 27 , the hollow glass products are delivered to a pharmaceutical company where these are filled. For this purpose, the new marking on the hollow glassware product is first read on the side of the pharmaceutical company (step S 28 ) in order to enable a decision to be made on the origin or on the origin and tube-specific production data of the original glass tube semi-finished product  1  (step S 29 ). Using the new (additional) marking, further useful information can be identified and forwarded to the pharmaceutical company. This information can relate in particular to information obtained during further processing of the glass tube semi-finished product into the hollow glass product, such as geometric sizes of the hollow glass product, such as inner diameter, outer diameter, wall thickness, lengths, variations of these sizes, etc. These parameters can be used by the pharmaceutical company to control the filling of the hollow glass products. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  glass tube or glass tube semi-finished product 
           2  tube strand marking 
           3  marking 
           3 ′ marking 
           4  marking 
           8  first piece of information 
           9  second piece of information 
           10  first section 
           11  second section 
           12  third section 
           20  glass tube semi-finished product/hollow glass product/pharmaceutical container 
           21  syringe body 
           22  flange 
           23  ejection opening 
           30  detection device 
           31  internal database 
           32  external database 
           33  network 
           34  processor device/control device 
         I predetermined interval 
         Z longitudinal direction