Patent Publication Number: US-2023132896-A1

Title: Facemask With Facial Seal And Seal Test Device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/381,655 filed on Apr. 11, 2019, entitled “Facemask With Facial Seal And Seal Test Device”. This application and the &#39;655 application claim priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/656,224 filed on Apr. 11, 2018, entitled “Facemask with Facial Seal, Eye Shield and Strap Adjustment Assembly and Seal Test Device”. The &#39;655 and &#39;224 applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention concerns facemasks, and in particular facemasks and eye shields to protect against airborne particulates and pathogens. 
     Masks are often used as a form of protection against airborne particulates and pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. Facemasks are typically worn over the mouth and nose of the wearer and can incorporate a form of eye protection. Masks can be used in environments with high levels of airborne particulates and/or allergens where the wearer wishes to not inhale said particulates. To effectively reduce a wearer&#39;s exposure to airborne substances, a respiratory protection device needs to fit well and effectively filter out said substances. 
     Preventing inhalation and contact with airborne pathogens and environmental allergens is not only important in environments that require high levels of air purity, such as hospitals, but also in homes of people suffering from allergies. Additionally, wearers suffering from respiratory infections can benefit from the filter capture of pathogens and allergens when out in public. 
     One issue when attempting to manufacture a standard facemask is accommodating the various sizes/shapes of potential wearers. Traditionally this issue has been overcome by manufacturing masks of several sizes and/or shapes. 
     However, this method is not ideal as the lack of a single mask designed for various head shapes/sizes requires additional planning, preparation, purchasing, storing and supplying different sized respirators. This is especially problematic when masks are to be used in emergency situations. 
     In addition, traditionally mask wearers must choose a correctly sized mask to fit their facial characteristics. Not only does this cost time, but often the wearer chooses the wrong sized/shaped mask for his/her face. The resulting improper fit can prevent the mask from properly sealing against the wear&#39;s face and properly filtering airborne contaminants, particles and/or pathogens. Often the user is unaware that the mask does not fit. Again, this is especially concerning during emergency situations. 
     Existing respirator head attachment systems range from simple, non-adjustable elastic bands that fit behind a wearer&#39;s ears to complex head harness assemblies. Respirators employing non-adjustable elastic band head attachment provide subpar facial coverage as the straps and mask cannot be adjusted to different tensions to provide customized, comfortable coverage to different facial contours. Head harness assemblies are often uncomfortable to wear and difficult to adjust with numerous buckles, fasteners and straps. 
     Adjustable assemblies that utilize two sets of upper and lower straps that meet behind the head require each strap be singularly adjusted to center the mask on the face. 
     What is needed is a single mask design capable of effectively working with various head shapes/sizes. In at least some embodiments, the mask should work with the five certification head forms of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 
     In addition to providing a mask design capable of effectively working with various head shapes/sizes, there is a need for improvement in testing the seal of various masks. 
     In some embodiments it would be helpful to have a mask system with an adjustable elastic mask strap system that can work without hardware components. In some embodiments, the system could self-center on the head and face of a user and be adjusted by the wearer via a single, simple process. In most embodiments, the mask system would alleviate discomfort mask wearers often encounter (particularly over their ears). 
     Traditionally seal tests involve placing the wearer inside an up-side-down tube, sealed at the top, wherein a noxious odor is introduced. If the wearer can smell the odor, then the seal is insufficient, and adjustments are made. The test is then repeated until a successful seal has been achieved. This testing is time consuming. In addition, even after a proper seal is made, the seal may be broken, unknown to the wearer, during use. Improvements to testing the seal of mask are needed. 
     Additionally, there is a need for an improved eye shield that can easily integrated to a mask system. Independent conventional eye shields suffer from inherent flaws including the use of multiple straps to maintain position. These straps can come undone potentially resulting in contamination of the wearer. These straps can also lead to difficulty of maintaining the eye shield&#39;s original position, place the shield against the forehead and other vulnerable areas, and/or interconnect with facemasks providing continuity of protection between the two. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The embodiments described below and shown in the various drawings overcome many known shortcomings of conventional facemasks and eye shields. 
     Such shortcomings of conventional facemasks include a lack of adjustability and perpetuation of restricted and/or misdirected air-flow, imperfect sealing, and the inability for a single mask to protect wearers of different sizes and shapes. 
     In some embodiments, the masks provide, among other things, a continuous strap system. In some of these embodiments, the strap is integrated directly into an opening that enables it to be snapped into an area in front of the nose of the wearer of the mask, generating forces with components parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the face. In some embodiments, the mask can be configured to pull upward and backwards beneath the chin as well as towards the plane of the face to provide a tight fit. 
     In some embodiments, the mask assembly can comprise a lower air intake. In certain embodiments, this intake is located on the lower front section of a mask. In some embodiments, the air intake directs airflow at a non-right angle to the plane of a filter contained within the mask. 
     In some embodiments, an air filter is internal to the mask. In certain embodiments, the filter is replaceable. In at least some embodiments, the filter is sealed within the mask structure. In some embodiments, the air filters have biocidal components. 
     In some embodiments, there are no front-facing openings on the mask. In some of these embodiments, the mask assembly can comprise channels that direct exhaled air sideways and/or backwards, in a direction parallel to and/or behind the plane of a wearer&#39;s face. In some embodiments, this venting occurs from multiple sides of a mask simultaneously. In at least some of these embodiments, vent systems are symmetrically placed about an axis in the plane of the mask. In certain embodiments, the exhaled air is directed towards the cheeks, neck and/or ears of a wearer. 
     In some of the embodiments, air is blocked by a solid front-facing construct that restricts direct access to an internal filter from frontal air flow. In at least some of these embodiments, the exhaled air flows through channels backwards and/or sideways from the mask. 
     In some embodiments, the mask assembly can comprise a nose clip and/or elastic components to complete a continuous strap. In some embodiments, the strap can clip or snap into a mask. In some embodiments, the continuous strap can clip or snap into a component that allows for strap tension adjustment. 
     In some embodiments, openings in a mask assembly can be circular, oblate, and/or polygonal. In some embodiments, openings can form to receive various attachments. In certain embodiments, a mask assembly can comprise extrusions along an interior rim and/or on a top or bottom section of the mask. 
     In certain embodiments, a mask assembly can comprise an eye shield assembly. In some of these embodiments, the eye shield is transparent. In some embodiments, an eye shield can comprise at least one extrusion inserted through a pair of through holes. In certain embodiments, a shield can be secured at the nose area of the mask. In some embodiments, eye shield can also rest against the wearer&#39;s forehead and/or cheekbones. 
     Some embodiments of the mask assembly occur at least in part in the following configuration:
         (a) at least one air vent for bidirectional flow of air being inhaled and exhaled by the wearer, the at least one airflow intake capable of directing inward airflow to strike an interior air filter at an oblique angle;   (b) a head mounting pad having a single or dual pull to tension the mask assembly against the wearer&#39;s face; and   (c) a continuous strap positionable under the chin of the wearer and in the nose area.       

     In some embodiments, a mask has snap-in receivers. Some embodiments of snap-in receivers are given in the figures presented herein, however these are not meant to be the only disclosed locations or embodiments of snap-in receivers. 
     In embodiments having snap-in receivers, the receivers are often (but not exclusively) meant to receive strap(s) for the mask assembly. In some embodiments, the receivers are designed to accommodate a single, continuous strap. In some embodiments, a mask has two snap-in receivers, one in the nose area, and one in the proximity of a wear&#39;s chin. These receivers need not be similarly designed to one another. For instance, one receiver can resemble a slot in the mask itself, while the other receiver can resemble a hook. In some embodiments, snap-in receivers can accommodate other mask attachments, such as an eye shield assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the continuous strap is elastic, and can be adjusted by equally tensioning the strap mounted within a strap adjustment component at the back of the head. In at least some embodiments, such a design provides numerous advantages over existing masks, such as fewer breakable components, removing the need for clasps or buckles, increased ability to adjust applications of force by the mask to conform to various faces, and ease of mask removal. 
     In some embodiments, there is a broadly adaptive mask assembly containing a primary seal, a secondary seal and a tertiary seal. In at least some embodiments, the adaptive mask assembly is a single mask that is broadly adaptive to multiple shapes and sizes of different users. 
     In some embodiments, the primary seal encompasses the surface of the perimeter of the mask and is substantially in contact with the nose and cheek regions of a wearer&#39;s face. In some embodiments, the secondary seal encompasses a surface of the perimeter of the mask and is substantially in contact with the chin region of a wearer&#39;s face. In some embodiments, the tertiary seal is disposed about the inner surface of the perimeter of the mask and is substantially in contact with the cheek and chin regions of the wearers face. 
     In at least some embodiments, the tertiary seal is attached to the primary seal and extends outwardly. 
     In some embodiments, the tertiary seal is configured to encompass the secondary seal including a chin cup providing a double seal. 
     In some embodiments, the tertiary seal extends outwardly from the surface of the primary seal, wherein, in some embodiments, the tertiary seal is configured to form an internal and external lip when compressed against a user&#39;s face expanding the surface area and forming a better seal. 
     In certain embodiments, the mask can include crossbars formed within upper vents of the mask to accept attachment elements of a shield assembly. 
     In at least some embodiments, a seal test scissor assembly for passive testing of a mask assembly can include the following configuration: 
     (a) a first scissor frame and second scissor frame in a substantially cross-shaped configuration and attached by a fulcrum point that is subsequently biased into open and closed positions to mount the mask; 
     (b) attachment points on the scissor frames to cooperate with a biasing mechanism to clamp around a mask; 
     (c) a sealing material is at least partially disposed about the first scissor frame and second scissor frame; and 
     (d) seal test scissors constructed to be biased in a closed position. 
     In certain embodiments, a shield assembly can include features including a shield including a headband conforming against the face and attached by clip-on elements. In some embodiments, the clip-on element can also have an adjustable element for biasing of a shield against a user&#39;s face. In at least some embodiments, the shield is capable of being attached to a respiratory mask in order to protect the face and/or eyes of a wearer. 
     In some embodiments, a shield is used in conjunction with a respiratory mask by way of the clip-on elements to provide protection from airborne contaminants, particles and/or pathogens. 
     In some embodiments, a mask can be secured to the face of a wearer by a strap adjustment assembly. In certain embodiments, the strap adjustment assembly can include a frame that has a strap bonded to it and which then loops back into said frame. In some embodiments, once the strap is looped within the adjustment frame it can be manually adjusted to different tension settings to alter the tension of the straps to accommodate a wide variety of head sizes and facial contours. In some embodiments, tension settings can be retained within the adjustment frame. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a cutaway side view of a mask assembly configured to fit multiple face sizes and shapes illustrating a primary seal, a secondary seal, and a tertiary seal. 
         FIG.  2    is a back-perspective view of the mask of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of a mask assembly with test scissors. 
         FIG.  4    is a front perspective view of a pair of test scissors in a closed position. 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of a pair of test scissors in an open position. 
         FIG.  6    is a front view of a mask assembly with an eye shield assembly. 
         FIG.  7    is side perspective view of a mask assembly and eye shield assembly attached to the mask. 
         FIG.  8    is a side perspective view of an eye shield assembly. 
         FIG.  9    is a close-up view of a strap adjusted within a strap adjustment frame. 
         FIG.  10    is a side perspective view of a strap adjustment assembly snapped into a mask mounted on a user. 
         FIG.  11    is a back-perspective view of a strap adjustment assembly snapped into a mask mounted on a user. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT(S) 
     Mask Assembly Configured to Fit Multiple Face Sizes and Shapes 
       FIG.  1    is a side view of mask assembly  100 . In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can have continuous strap  102 . Strap  102  can be made of, among other things, various straps  102 , cords, tubing, and/or  0 -ring stock. In most, if not all, embodiments, strap  102  is elastic. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, snap-in receivers  103   a  and  103   b  are present in nasal area  104  of mask  101  and beneath chin area  105 . Snap-in receiver  103   b , located beneath the chin, resembles a hook receiving continuous strap  102 . Snap-in receiver  103   a,  located in the nasal section, shows a valley defined by two extrusions that receives the upper part of continuous strap  102 . In addition to hooks and extrusions, snap-in receivers  103   a  and  103   b  can resemble, among other things, voids, divets, sets of ridges, and other suitable moldings of mask  101  that can accommodate straps  102 . 
     In many embodiments, snap-in receivers offer several advantages, such as allowing a wearer to replace strap  102  on the fly. For example, if strap  102  were to break and a wearer did not have access to a proper replacement strap  102 , the wearer could utilize a wide variety of suitable materials such as his or her own shoelace for an immediate field repair. This feature could be life-saving should such an immediate field repair be necessary in an infectious or hazardous air environment. 
     In at least some embodiments, vents  106  are configured to vent exhaled CO 2  and H 2 O-laden air sideways and/or backwards towards a wearer&#39;s face and neck. In some embodiments, vents  106  do not allow exhaled air to be channeled downward. In some embodiments, this is accomplished via flaps that impede the flow of are in the downward direction. In some embodiments, vents have lips configured to direct the flow of exhaled air. 
     In some embodiments, mask  101  contains primary seal/facial skirt  201 . In some embodiments, primary seal  201  has elastic properties. In at least some embodiments, primary seal  201  can be made of a soft silicone and/or other materials that conform to a wearer&#39;s face and/or materials capable of creating an airtight seal. 
     In at least some embodiments, front section  108  of mask  101  is constructed of a hard plastic. In other embodiments, other materials, including but not limited to rubber, silicone, metals, other thin plastics or composite materials can be used to construct front section  108 . In certain embodiments, front section  108  has unrestricted venting that is large enough to improve the speech clarity of a wearer when compared to traditional masks. 
     In at least some embodiments, strap  102  self-aligns within snap-in receiver  103   a  and snap-in receiver  103   b  and crosses behind the head to produce a snug, self-centering fit. 
     In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can utilize two straps  102 , a top strap configured to slide into the snap-in receiver  103   a  which allows the top strap to slide back and forth to balance the position of clips and/or buckles and a bottom strap configured to slide in snap-in receiver  103   b.  In some embodiments, snap-in receivers allow at least one, if not both of straps  102  to be easily removed. In some embodiments, clips and/or buckles can be used to help stabilize the upper and/or lower straps  102 . Various embodiments of straps  102  can be configured to fit with a mask design given the placement of various snap voids or receivers. In some embodiments, open-ended straps  102  can be tied behind the ears and/or the head and/or secured and adjusted. 
     Existing elastomeric half-face masks use one-way check valves, generally elastic diaphragms mounted directly in front of the mouth, to enable exhalations to vent. Inhalations and exhalations are each mono-directional. Exhaled air above the exhaust vent is thus trapped above it, which prevents nasal breathing primarily due to the build-up of CO 2 . In addition, particulates and/or pathogens captured by the filter material migrate through that filter material with every inhalation as the exhalation, which pushes them outwards, goes out thru the diaphragm vent. 
     In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  is configured to reduce, if not completely prevent, forward facing air inhalations and exhalations. In some embodiments, vents  106  can be channeled to create oblique airflow patterns over a filter insert. In certain embodiments having pleated filter insert(s), these channels can be configured to coincide with filter pleats. 
     In  FIG.  1   , there is no direct access to an internal filter from the frontal flow of air on to the mask surface, and the exhaled air is vented sideways and/or backwards relative to the plane of a wearer&#39;s face through vents  106 . In some preferred embodiments, vents are arranged symmetrically around mask  101 . 
     In some embodiments, vents  106  are configured to allow the escape of exhaled heat, moisture and/or CO 2 . In certain embodiments, vents  106  are sufficiently large enough such that a wearer can be heard more clearly. In some embodiments, vents  106  force exhaled air and/or CO 2  off to the sides of a wearer&#39;s face. In some embodiments, this is accomplished by placing vents  106  near the upper most sides of mask  101  where exhaled air tends to migrate. The sideways and backwards venting of exhalations is of particular importance when the wearer of a mask is ill to protect those in front. Vents can be configured to aid in reducing, if not completely eliminating, frontal contact of inhaled particles onto the filter. 
     In some embodiments, vents  106  placed above the nostrils of the wearer support improved nasal breathability over conventional masks and respirators and accentuates the oblique angle air flow that supports greater capture of air-borne elements within the surface of the filter. 
     In some embodiments, the bi-directional airflow design of the presently disclosed mask, reduces the likelihood of particulates and/or pathogens migrating through the filter. In at least some embodiments, no air can be trapped within the mask as the uppermost vents are above the wearers&#39; nostrils. 
       FIG.  1    shows air vents  106 , along with the inward and rearward flow of air shown in arrows  120 . In  FIG.  1   , primary seal  201  is shown. In some embodiments, primary seal  201  has elastic properties to conform to the face of the wearer. 
     In at least some embodiments, sections of mask  101  are coated with silicone, rubber, and/or other comfort inducing materials. In at least some embodiments, these materials can help a user wear a mask for long period without discomfort and/or worrying about transmission/reception of infections. 
     In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can be boiled/autoclaved and is reusable. In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can be cleaned by chemical disinfectant methods. In some embodiments, strap  102  can be boiled and/or autoclaved. In certain embodiments, strap  102  does not need to be disassembled from mask  101  before being boiled and/or autoclaved. In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can be cleaned and/or boiled without disassembling it. 
     In at least some embodiments, mask system  100  allows for particles exhaled by a wearer to strike a pleated filter at an oblique angle. In at least some embodiments, in the event that a wearer coughs and/or sneezes and induces a high-pressure zone preceding the filter in the mask, the filter captures particles and vents air backwards away from individuals the wearer may be facing or interacting with. 
     In at least some embodiments, inhalation and exhalation pressures are inherently close to identical within a mask system. Such embodiments offer advantages such as retarding the migration of particulates and/or pathogens through a filter system. 
     In at least some embodiments, mask assembly  100  is configured to be used with at least the five National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certification adult head forms; small, short-wide, large, medium, long-narrow. In some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can fit a child&#39;s face. 
     In at least some embodiments, mask assembly  100  can accommodate different shapes and sizes of a wearers face. In some embodiments, this is accomplished with primary seal  201 , secondary seal  202 , tertiary seal  203  and/or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, primary seal  201 , secondary seal  202  and/or tertiary seal  203  fit securely against the face of the wearer. 
       FIG.  1    further illustrates dotted lines, representing portions of each of the three facial seals from an internal and external perspective when mask  101  is in use. 
     Primary  201 , secondary  202  and tertiary seals  203  are shown about the perimeter of upper nose  208  and cheek regions  209 , areas parallel to mouth and cheeks and areas under chin  211 . In at least some embodiments, primary seal  201  is continuous about the perimeter of mask  101 . In at least some embodiments, secondary seal  202  creates chin cup  212  around chin region  211 . Chin cup  212  can engage with the chin of the wearer. 
     In at least some embodiments, tertiary seal  203  can be intermittently continuous (not shown) or continuously positioned about the areas under chin region  211  and/or areas parallel to mouth and cheeks  209 .  FIG.  1    shows tertiary seal  203  from an internal and external perspective when facial mask assembly  100  is in use. The external dotted line depicts the outwardly extending tertiary seal  203  and the internal dotted line depicts tertiary seal  203  folding inward against the face of the aforementioned problem areas while in use. 
     In at least some embodiments, tertiary seal  203  forms external lip  216  that extends away from facial mask  101  on cheek region  209 . 
     In at least certain embodiments, external lip  216  doubles as at least one additional seal under secondary seal  202 . 
     In at least some embodiments, tertiary seal  203  forms an internal lip that extends toward the mouth, such as shown in  FIG.  2   . 
     In at least certain embodiments, the internal lip doubles as at least one additional seal under secondary seal  202 . 
     In at least some embodiments vents  106  contain dual crossbars  222  to receive at least one attachment element (not shown). 
     In at least some embodiments, mask assembly  100  is reusable by a wearer of mask assembly  100 . 
     In at least some embodiments, mask assembly  100  is made in a comfortable design for short or long-term wear. 
     In at least some embodiments, mask assembly  100  seals by various materials and designs, including but not limited to, materials of elastomeric masks, positive airway pressure masks and designs. 
       FIG.  2    is a perspective view of mask is a facial surface view of at least one embodiment of mask  101  illustrating, among other things, primary seal  201  and keyhole slot  205  positioned substantially about upper nose region  208  of primary seal  201 . Primary seal  201  continuous about upper nose  208  and cheek regions  209 , areas parallel to mouth  210  and cheeks  209  and about areas under chin region  211 . Keyhole slot  205  substantially encompasses bridge  206  and sides  207  of upper nose region  208  of primary seal  201  to provide proper placement and fit of mask  101 . 
     In at least some embodiments, secondary seal  202  is positioned about primary seal  201  in problem areas, including but not limited to, areas parallel to mouth  210  and under chin region  211  of mask  101 . Secondary seal  202  can further include chin cup  212  for increased fit, support and seal of chin region  211 , and to provide a proper seal of mask  101  against a user&#39;s face. 
     In at least some embodiments, tertiary seal  203  is positioned about primary seal  201  in problem areas, including but not limited to, areas parallel to mouth  210  and cheeks  209 . In at least some embodiments, tertiary seal  203  extends outward from primary seal  201  when at rest. 
     In at least some embodiments, tertiary seal  203  can inwardly fold, deform and/or flatten against the face to enable a broadly effective seal and expand the sealing area when worn. Similarly, in some embodiments tertiary seal  203  can outwardly fold, deform and/or flatten against the face to enable a broadly effective seal and expand the sealing area when worn. 
     Seal Test Scissors 
     In at least some embodiments, mask assembly  200  includes test scissors  240  for use in conjunction with facial mask  220  to confirm facial mask  220  is properly sealed. In at least some embodiments, test scissors  240  provide a passive method of testing the seals of facial mask  220  while in use. 
       FIG.  3    shows a frontal view of at least one embodiment of mask assembly  200  depicting test scissors  240  with straps removed for clarity. When test scissors  240  are temporarily mounted in place, test scissors  240  are substantially mounted along facial mask  220  about upper and lower side vents enabling the use of a spring-loaded mechanism  237  to bias scissor frames  225 ,  226  against facial mask vents. The placement of test scissors  240 , allows test scissors  240  to substantially, if not entirely, seal facial mask vents. When facial mask vents are properly sealed, they prevent, or at least reduce, bidirectional airflow. This allows the user to passively test facial mask  220  seals by attempting to inhale, while facial mask vents are temporarily sealed. 
     In at least some embodiments, when bidirectional airflow is prevented, or at least reduced, by test scissors  240 , the user inhales such that if a proper seal exists, mask  220  is at least partially pulled inward towards the face of the wearer. 
     In some embodiments, when the bidirectional airflow is prevented, or at least reduced, by test scissors  240 , and the user is then able to inhale, such that if an improper seal exists, mask  220  will draw air through the seal. If air is drawn through a portion of the seal the user knows mask  220  is not properly sealed. 
       FIG.  4    is a frontal perspective view showing an example of test scissors  240  in a relaxed state and in a closed position. In the shown embodiments, test scissors  240  have first scissor frame  227  and second scissor frame  228 , each having top portion  229  and bottom portion  230  separated by fulcrum point  231 . In some embodiments, fulcrum point  231  affixes at least a portion of first scissor frame  227  and second scissor frame  228  to one another in a substantially cross-shaped manner. In at least some embodiments, fulcrum point  231  includes attachment mechanism for securing first scissor frame  227  and second scissor frame  228 . 
     In at least some embodiments, top portion  229  of first  227  scissor frame and second scissor frame  228  have upper  232  and lower  233  portions. In at least some embodiments, upper portion  232  has an inward curvature that is substantially similar to the curvature of nose  208  and cheek  209  regions of facial mask  220 . In at least some embodiments, lower portion  233  has an inward curvature that is substantially similar to the curvature parallel to the mouth  210  and chin  211  areas of the facial mask  101 . In some embodiments, upper  232  and/or lower  233  portions of top portion  229  have sealing material  234 , including but not limit to, elastomeric, elastic polymeric materials, open cell foam and/or closed cell foam. 
     In some embodiments, bottom portion  230  of first scissor frame  227  and second scissor frame  228  are configured to be handles  235 , In some embodiments, at least one attachment point  236  is used for connecting biasing mechanism  237  to handles  235 . In some embodiments, biasing mechanism  237  can be made of, but not limited to, springs, shape memory alloys and actuators, magnets and other biasing mechanisms. 
     In some embodiments, test scissors  240  are naturally biased in a closed position by biasing mechanism  237 . In some embodiments, test scissors  240  can have biasing mechanism  237  in an extended state with test scissors  240  in a closed position. In some embodiments, the extended state can further bias handles  235  in an outward direction. In at least some embodiments, the extended state requires compression to bias test scissors  240  in an open position. 
       FIG.  5    is a front view of an embodiment of test scissors  240  in the open position. In some embodiments, biasing mechanism  237  is biased such that top portion  229  of test scissors  240  spread outwardly when handles  235  are spread outwardly by a user. In some embodiments, when handles  235  are spread outwardly, biasing mechanism  237  can be extended by the user. 
     In at least one embodiment, the fulcrum attachment mechanism  239  can be a suitable method of attachment mechanism including, but not limited to, screws, rods, hinges, dowels, pins and/or pegs. 
     Clip-On Shield Assembly 
     In conjunction with facial mask assemblies, users who are concerned about airborne contaminants, particulates and/or pathogens often desire protection of the eyes. In at least some embodiments, shield  638  can provide protection for its users. 
       FIG.  6    is a frontal view of an embodiment of mask assembly  600  with shield assembly  621  attached. In some embodiments, such as the one depicted in  FIG.  6   , shield assembly  621  is attached to mask  601  by way of clip-on element  620 . In some embodiments, shield assembly  621  has at least one conformal headband  642 . In certain embodiments, when shield assembly  621  is attached to mask assembly  600 , shield assembly  621  biases shield  638  toward the wearer. In at least some of these embodiments, a wearer is provided with continuity of protection, as mask assembly  600  and shield assembly  621  partially overlap. This overlap provides a protective barrier from airborne particulates, fluids and/or solids. 
     In at least some embodiments, shield assembly  621  can be equally protective of the perimeter of shield  638  to provide additional protection. 
       FIG.  7    is a side perspective of a certain embodiment of mask assembly  600  and shield assembly  621 . In the illustrated embodiment, shield assembly  621  is attached to mask assembly  600 , having shield  638  and clip-on element  620 . In some embodiments, clip-on element  620  substantially conforms to the shape of mask  601  in order to facilitate attachment. In at least some embodiments, clip-on element  620  is attached to at least one upper vent  606  of mask  601  by way of attachment element  623  and includes adjustable element  619  (see  FIG.  8   ) configured to engage opening  618  in mask  601 . In at least some embodiments, adjustable element  619  is capable of biasing shield assembly  621  toward the user&#39;s face. 
       FIG.  8    is a side perspective view of shield  638 . In some embodiments, shield  638  includes conformal headband  642  and/or conformal contact element  643  capable of conforming to a wearer&#39;s head. 
     In at least some embodiments, shield  638  can have, among other things, upper area  644 , side area  645  and lower area  646 . In certain embodiments, lower area  646  of shield  638  is permanently or removably attached to clip-on element  620 . 
     In at least some embodiments, shield  638  includes conformal headband  642  disposed upon upper area  644  of shield  638 . In some embodiments, conformal contact element  643  is disposed upon upper area  644  of shield  638 . 
     In at least some embodiments, shield  638  can be translucent, clear, and/or partial or fully shaded. In certain embodiments, shield  638  can be constructed of various material including but not limited to, polycarbonates and acrylics with varying flexibility. 
     In at least some embodiments, conformal headband  642  and/or conformal contact element  643  can be placed at other locations on shield  638 . In certain embodiments, conformal headband  642  and/or conformal contact element  643  can be continuous and/or intermittently placed on shield  638 , they can be integral with shield  638  and/or affixed upon shield  638 . 
     In at least some embodiments, conformal headband  642  materials can be, including but not limited to, a bendable element of aluminum and/or flexible form retaining plastics/foams. 
     In certain embodiments, conformal contact element  643  can be made of, including but not limited to, adhesive backed foams, elastomers, polymers, flexible and/or air-filled structures. 
     In at least some embodiments, clip-on element  620  can have, at least one attachment element  623 , at least one shield receiving portion  648  and/or at least one adjustable element  619 . In certain embodiments, attachment elements  623  can be, among other things, clip tabs and/or snap-in clips. 
     In at least some embodiments, shield receiving portion  648  can be, among other things, tongue in groove, hook and loop, magnetic and/or adhesive methods. In certain embodiments, adjustable element  619  can be, among other things, an adjustable leaf spring tab, an adjustable biasing tab, incremental tooth connecting tab, and/or shape memory alloys that can be configured to bias toward the user&#39;s face. 
     Adjustable element  619  can be made of, among other things, stainless steel with properties of spring steel, plastics and other metals capable of being bent to retain a configuration that will bias shield assembly  621  toward the wearer. In at least some embodiments, shield  638  protects the forehead region of the wearer by conformal headband  642  and/or contact element  643 . 
     Strap Adjustment Assembly 
     Turning to  FIGS.  9   , strap adjustment frame  700  is shown at the back of the head of a wearer with a continuous strap snapped into the snap-in slots in front of the nose and below the chin. In some embodiments, strap adjustment frame  700  can have at least one hollow strap slot  702  that extends the length of the frame, from side  720  to side  722 , and holding bars  704  and  706 . Strap adjustment frame  700  can be one continuous piece or multiple pieces configured to snap together. In some embodiments, frame  700  can have additional slots  710  and  712  that extend the length of the frame. Slots in strap adjustment frame  700  can be used to thread and secure strap  708 . In some embodiments, slot  702  can be used to adjust the tension of strap  708 . 
     Slot  702  can function to thread, secure and adjust a strap or straps. As shown in  FIGS.  9 - 11   , strap  708  can be inserted into slot  702  on side  720  of frame  700  and extended through frame  700  such that the strap exits the side  722  of the frame. In some embodiments, strap  708  can then be folded on itself to create pull loop  714 . End  716  of strap  708  can then be reinserted into slot  702  on side  722  of frame and extended through the frame such that end  716  exits slot  702  on side  722  of the frame. End  716  and pull loop  714  can then be used to tighten, loosen or otherwise adjust the fit of a mask held in place by the strap adjustment frame. 
     In some embodiments, frame  700  can include gap  724  that extends the length of the frame and is centered over and continuous with slot  702 . 
     In some embodiments, holding bars  704  and  706  function to thread and secure strap  726  that extends from the opposite side of a wearer&#39;s head. In some embodiments, strap  726  is continuous with strap  708 . In some embodiments, strap  708  and crossing strap  726  are independent straps. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  10  and  11   , strap adjustment assembly  760  can be used to secure mask  750  to the head of a wearer by snap-in slots  752  present on the upper and lower portion of mask  750 . Snap-in slots  752  secure straps  754  and  756  that extend from mask  750  to frame  700 . In some embodiments, strap  754  and strap  756  are separate, independent straps. In some embodiments, strap  754  is continuous with strap  756 . 
     In some embodiments, strap adjustment assembly  760  can secure a mask or respirator to a user by positioning a strap or straps above the ears and across the jawline and upper neck. 
     In some or the same embodiments, the strap and mask tension settings established by strap slot  702  and holding bars  704  and  706  can be locked into the strap adjustment frame  700  such that the tension settings are maintained upon removal of strap adjustment frame  700  from a wearer. In some embodiments, this prevents a wearer from having to adjust the frame, straps or attached mask with each use. In some embodiments, the use of snap-in slots  752  on front of the mask  750  allows for the mask to naturally center to the face of a wearer at every use. 
     In some embodiments, strap adjustment assembly  760  allows the strap to be pulled on or secured in such a manner that the mask or respirator is equally tensioned and centered on a wearer without adjustment to the straps. 
     In some embodiments, the strap adjustment assembly  760  frame can be a universal device capable of securing a mask or respirator to both adults and children. 
     In at least some embodiments, strap adjustment assembly  760  is configured to be used with at least the five National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certification adult head forms; small, short-wide, large, medium, and long-narrow. 
     In some embodiments, the strap adjustment assembly  760  minimizes, or at least reduces, the contact between of a strap with the face and head to prevent, or at least reduce the likeliness of, the strap from retaining pollutants, odors and pathogens that can be absorbed from a wearer&#39;s sweat and skin. 
     In some embodiments, strap adjustment assembly can secure a strap made of conventional elastic materials including but not limited to thermoplastic polyurethane, rubber, latex, silicone or nylon. In some embodiments, the strap can have an additional coating to prevent, or at least reduce skin irritation and/or pulling at the hair of a wearer. 
     In some embodiments, the strap adjustment assembly can be boiled/autoclaved and is reusable. In some embodiments, the strap adjustment assembly can be cleaned by chemical disinfectant methods. In some embodiments, the strap adjustment system does not need to be disassembled from straps to be boiled, autoclaved and/or treated with a chemical disinfectant. In some embodiments where the strap adjustment assembly is used with variations or combination of mask assembly  100 , mask assembly  600 , mask  101  and/or shield assembly  621 , it does not to be disassembled from these devices before being boiled, autoclaved or treated with a chemical disinfectant. 
     It would be recognized that, particular elements (such as, but not limited to, the clip-on shield assembly and the strap adjustment device) can be incorporated into facemask assemblies in other suitable combinations or arrangements, for example to suit particular applications. 
     Particular elements (such as, but not limited to, the mask assembly, test scissors, shield assembly, strap adjustment assembly and the like) can be made with, including but not limited to, elastomers, polymers, polyolefins, antistatics, antimicrobials, and repellants. 
     While particular elements, embodiments and applications of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood, that the invention is not limited thereto since modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings.