Patent Publication Number: US-2023151790-A1

Title: Wave-energized diode pump

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation based on U.S. Ser. No. 17/403,748, filed Aug. 16, 2021; U.S. Pat. No. 11,542,912; issue date Jan. 3, 2023; which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63,070,256, filed Aug. 25, 2020, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Disclosed is an apparatus that floats at the surface of a body of water over which waves pass. Passing waves cause a nominally vertical axis of the apparatus to tilt away from an axis normal to the resting surface of the body of water. Tilting of sufficient magnitude and duration allows a fluid to flow through a channel that in an un-tilted apparatus would require the gravitational potential energy of the fluid to increase (i.e., to flow uphill), but, because of the tilt allows the fluid to flow through the channel in a downhill direction. Flowing water is trapped at a plurality of levels which in an un-tilted apparatus are higher than the respective levels from which the fluid has flowed. A subsequent tilt of the apparatus in a sufficiently different direction, and of a sufficient magnitude and duration, causes the trapped water to flow to new, yet higher levels. Successive wave-driven tilts of the apparatus incrementally raise water to a height and/or head from which a portion of its gravitational potential energy can be released, and/or converted to electrical power, by causing the water to return to a lower level by flowing through a water turbine thereby energizing an operationally connected generator, or through some other apparatus that performs a useful function when supplied with a flow of high-pressure water. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Extracting energy from ocean waves has proven to be a difficult endeavor. Complex devices are expensive and tend to be fragile. And devices with articulating elements are prone to damage during storms. In fact, devices with moving parts tend to require frequent maintenance and repair and therefore produce power that tends to be prohibitively expensive. 
     What has been needed is a wave-energy conversion technology, apparatus, and/or technology that is simple, has a minimum number of moving parts, and has no articulating elements. What has been needed is a wave-energy conversion technology, apparatus, and/or technology that requires little, if any, maintenance or repair over a reasonable (e.g. 30-year) lifetime and produces electrical power at a cost lower than that produced through the burning of fossil fuels. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Disclosed is a mechanism, apparatus, system, and method which permits rich, and currently under-utilized, natural and renewable marine energy resources to be efficiently harvested and put to good purpose, offsetting and potentially supplanting a portion of the electrical power generated on land and/or through the burning of fossil fuels. The foregoing is achieved by an object floating at the surface of the ocean that will tend to be moved by passing waves. Floating objects may rise and fall. They may move back and forth. However, they also tend to tilt about a vertical axis (i.e. to pitch and/or roll). 
     When tilted, a first position on a floating object that would (in the absence of waves and the resulting tilting of the object) be below a second position on the object, may, during at least a portion of the tilt, e.g., the most angularly extreme portion, and/or the portion of greatest tilt, be above the second position. Thus, whereas a fluid might not flow from the first position to the second position in a resting object, i.e. an object free from waves and tilt, during a tilt of sufficient angularity and duration fluid would indeed flow from the first to the second position. And, when such a tilt has ended, perhaps through a manifestation of a new tilt in a different direction, a fluid that flowed from the first to the second position would find itself higher and with greater gravitational potential energy than before it flowed from the first to the second position. 
     By repeating such a pattern of nominally “uphill” flows, e.g. from one side of the object to another side, the height of a fluid might be raised to a substantial degree, e.g., by 50 meters, above the mean level of the resting body of water, and the resulting significant increase in the gravitational potential energy of that fluid might then be converted into electrical power by passing that fluid through a water turbine. Alternately, its increased head pressure might be used to desalinate water or facilitate the extraction of minerals (or other chemicals or compounds) from seawater, e.g. by passing the water through an adsorbent substance or a membrane. 
     Disclosed is an apparatus that utilizes the tilting motion imparted to it by passing waves to incrementally raise water (or another liquid) above the level of the resting surface of the body of water on which the apparatus floats. The disclosed tilt-induced raising of water may be accomplished by and/or with a variety of embodiments, designs, architectures, and/or components. The embodiments, designs, architectures, and/or components, disclosed herein are offered as examples and are not exhaustive nor limiting. The scope of the present invention includes all embodiments which utilize a wave-induced tilting of the embodiment in order to raise any kind of fluid above a resting and/or original level. The scope of the present invention includes all embodiments which utilize at least a portion of the fluid raised in response to its tilting for any useful purpose, including, but not limited to, the generation of electrical power, and the pressure-induced transmission of a fluid through a membrane for the purpose of desalination and/or mineral extraction. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments that raise any fluid from an initial height to a greater height, and/or raise any fluid above the resting level of the body of fluid (e.g., the body of water on which an embodiment floats) from which the raised fluid originated. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the fluid raised is water, seawater, liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen, liquid air, ethanol, methanol, oil, any compound, chemical, or fluid containing an atom of carbon, liquid nitrogen, or liquid oxygen. 
     For convenience, any reference to an embodiment that uses water as its working fluid should be understood to represent additional embodiment&#39;s that use any other type, variety, and/or kind of working fluid. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments that raise any fluid in the presence of, and/or through, any gas including, but not limited to: air, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and ethane. 
     For convenience, any reference to an embodiment that uses air as the gas through which its working fluid flows should be understood to represent additional embodiment&#39;s that use any other type, variety, and/or kind of gas in place of, or in addition to, air.) 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water is pooled, trapped, contained, held, deposited, and/or enclosed, in any type, design, shape, size, volume, and/or manner of enclosure, chamber, pocket, pool, basin, vessel, canister, valley, crevice, depression, and/or bowl. Some embodiments hold water within enclosures that are connected to other enclosures by means of pipes. These types of embodiments and/or enclosures may be fully enclosed with the exception of their connections to pipes. Some embodiments hold water within basins that are connected to other basins by means of ramps. These types of embodiments and/or enclosures may be fully enclosed with the exception of apertures connecting to ramps that carry water away or into the respective basins. Some embodiments hold water within enclosures that are connected to other enclosures by means of one-way valves. These types of embodiments and/or enclosures are typically adjacent to one another and share at least one wall with another enclosure. These types of embodiments and/or enclosures may be fully enclosed with the exception of their connections to one-way valves. 
     Some embodiments that hold water within enclosures also include holes, apertures, one-way valves, and/or other ventilating connections to gases outside the enclosures. Such holes, apertures, one-way valves, and/or other ventilating connections are useful in preventing the development of suctions that may inhibit the flow of water between enclosures. 
     Some embodiments in which water flows over, through, and/or by means of, ramps may include holes, apertures, one-way valves, and/or other ventilating connections to gases outside the spaces above and/or around the ramps, within the side walls guiding the flow of the water. Such holes, apertures, one-way valves, and/or other ventilating connections are useful in preventing the development of suctions that may inhibit the flow of water between enclosures. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water-holding chambers, enclosures, pockets, pools, basins, vessels, canisters, valleys, crevices, depressions, bowls, and/or ramps are arranged in any position, design, distribution, geometry, architecture, and/or placement, whether relative or absolute. Embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to: those in which enclosures are arranged in stacked rows at opposite sides of the embodiments; those in which enclosures are arranged in a single stacked circular row about a center of each embodiment; those in which enclosures are arranged in inner and outer stacked circular rows about a center of each embodiment (in which the outer circular stacked row is concentric with the inner circular stacked row); those in which enclosures are arranged in a plurality of concentric stacked circular rows about a center of each embodiment; and those in which enclosures are arranged in a radial fashion about a vertical longitudinal axis of each embodiment causing water to flow in a spiral fashion. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments containing any number of chambers, enclosures, pockets, pools, basins, vessels, canisters, valleys, crevices, depressions, bowls, and/or ramps. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments containing any number of levels, and/or mean enclosure heights (e.g. above each embodiment&#39;s mean waterline), of their respective chambers, enclosures, pockets, pools, basins, vessels, canisters, valleys, crevices, depressions, bowls, and/or ramps. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments that raise water to any level, distance, height, and/or elevation, relative to the level of the raised water&#39;s origin. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water tends to flow within and/or parallel to a vertical plane. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water tends to flow in a radial pattern that when projected onto a horizontal plane of each embodiment (e.g. normal to a vertical longitudinal axis of each embodiment), tends to travel from one side of the embodiment to another side while passing through or near the center of the embodiment. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water tends to flow in a radial pattern that when projected onto a horizontal plane of each embodiment (e.g. normal to a vertical longitudinal axis of each embodiment), tends to travel from a position near an outer perimeter of the embodiment toward and/or to a position near the center of the embodiment, and then from a position near the center of the embodiment to a position near an outer perimeter of the embodiment. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water tends to flow in a circumferential pattern that when projected onto a horizontal plane of each embodiment (e.g. normal to a vertical longitudinal axis of each embodiment), tends to travel in circular paths approximately concentric with the center of the embodiment and/or a vertical longitudinal axis thereof. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which water tends to flow in a spiral pattern that rises about a vertical longitudinal axis in a screw-like pattern. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which at least one enclosure allows water to flow to only one other enclosure. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments in which at least one enclosure allows water to flow to two other enclosures. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments in which at least one enclosure allows water to flow to three or more other enclosures. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the water-holding chambers, enclosures, pockets, pools, basins, vessels, canisters, valleys, crevices, depressions, bowls, and/or ramps, are separated from the fluidly connected other water-holding chambers, enclosures, pockets, pools, basins, vessels, canisters, valleys, crevices, depressions, bowls, and/or ramps, to which their water flows, by any distance. In other words, the scope of the present invention includes embodiments in which water flows by any horizontal distance, any vertical distance, and any total distance, during any single tilt of the embodiments. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, those in which water flows a horizontal distance of 5 meters, 10 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, and 50 meters. Embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, those in which water flows a vertical distance of 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, and 4 meters. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which fluid flows through any type of pipe, conduit, channel, or valve. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments in which fluid flows through a channel of any length, any cross-sectional shape, any cross-sectional area. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments in which fluid flows through a channel incorporating any type of valve, and type of anti-suction aperture, valve, or mechanism. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which any angle of tilt, i.e., tilt of any zenith angle, within any vertical plane, must be reached or exceeded before water flows between at least one pair of water-holding enclosures. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the angle of tilt, within any vertical plane, that must be reached or exceeded before water flows between at least one pair of water-holding enclosures is 3 degrees, 5 degrees, 7 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the azimuthal angle of tilt, i.e., relative to an orientation of the embodiment, determines which subset of an embodiment&#39;s plurality of water-flow channels are characterized by active flows of water, and which are characterized by no flow. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the repeated tilting of the embodiments at a variety of azimuthal angles of tilt, e.g., at approximately opposite azimuthal angles of tilt, results in a series of azimuthal-angle-of-tilt-specific water flows that act in series to raise a fluid from a lower elevation to a higher elevation. 
     With respect to any particular embodiment, the amount of tilt that must be reached or exceeded before water flows between at least one pair of water-holding enclosures tends to be correlated with the incremental vertical distance that must be travelled in order for water to move from one enclosure to another (e.g., the average height of the enclosures and/or their relative vertical offsets between levels). 
     With respect to any particular embodiment, the amount of tilt that must be reached or exceeded before water flows between at least one pair of water-holding enclosures tends to be inversely correlated with the horizontal distance that must be travelled in order for water to move from one enclosure to another (e.g. the average length of the pipes or ramps through which water flows between enclosures). 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which a fluid flow through a relatively long channel leading from a relatively lower elevation and/or height within the embodiment to a relatively higher elevation and/or height within the embodiment is achieved through a series of consecutive constituent fluid flows through relatively short channels—each relatively short channel leading from an preceding intermediate fluid repository to a succeeding fluid repository. 
     Fluid flow from from lower-level intermediate fluid repository to a succeeding fluid repository is all or nothing, i.e., if the fluid fails to flow into the succeeding fluid repository then it will tend to flow back into the lower-level intermediate fluid repository. Fluid within an intermediate fluid repository will tend to remain trapped within that intermediate fluid repository unless and until the embodiment of which it is a part experiences and/or is subjected to a “sufficient and/or favorable tilt,” i.e., a tile characterized by a specific and sufficient azimuthal angle (with respect to the embodiment), a sufficient zenithal angle (with respect to the embodiment&#39;s nominal vertical orientation), and a sufficient duration (providing enough time for fluid to flow from a particular intermediate fluid repository to a succeeding fluid repository). 
     An otherwise favorable tilt of insufficient duration may see a fluid flow out of an intermediate fluid repository, toward a succeeding intermediate fluid repository, only to stop flowing prior to entering the succeeding intermediate fluid repository, and then flowing back into the intermediate fluid repository from which it originated, e.g., when the zenithal angle of tilt falls below the minimum zenithal angle of tilt required for flow before the incremental flow has been completed. 
     However, with respect to a flow channel fluidly connecting preceding and succeeding intermediate fluid repositories, the combination of the flow channel and either of its adjacent fluidly connected fluid repositories may be likened to a fluid diode in the sense that in response to a favorable tilt gravity will draw the fluid in one intermediate fluid repository through a connecting fluid channel and deposit it in a succeeding intermediate fluid repository. However, in response to unfavorable tilts of the respective embodiment, fluid remains trapped within an intermediate fluid repository. Thus, an intermediate fluid repository, in conjunction with an inter-repository fluid channel is analogous to, and/or constitutes, a fluid diode in which a fluid flows primarily if not entirely in a single direction within the larger, complete, and/or composite, fluid channel of which it is a part. 
     A particular constituent fluid diode, within an embodiment&#39;s complete, comprehensive, and/or composite, fluid channel will typically permit, facilitate, and/or manifest, a gravitationally-induced fluid flow in response to tilts of the embodiment occurring within a relatively narrow range of azimuthal angles, i.e., the fluid diode&#39;s active, responsive, and/or enabled, azimuthal angles. However, by adapting and/or configuring an embodiment&#39;s composite fluid channel such that the individual composite fluid diodes of which it is comprised have overlapping, complementary, and/or different active azimuthal angles, the azimuthal tilt angles to which an embodiment might be expected to experience, e.g., when mounted on a platform or buoy floating adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass, will tend to result in an incremental but steady flow of fluid from the inlet of the embodiment&#39;s fluid channel to its outlet. 
     The reason that an individual fluid diode of the present disclosure manifests fluid flow (in the preferred direction of flow, from lower to higher elevations) is because the fluid diode incorporates, utilizes, and/or includes, an inclined fluid channel, an elevating fluid conduit, an inclined fluid ramp, etc., that connects a preceding intermediate fluid repository and a succeeding intermediate fluid repository. And, an angularly favorable tilt is one whose azimuthal angle, and zenithal angle, are sufficient to change a nominally inclined fluid channel (i.e., inclined with respect to an embodiment-specific frame of reference) connecting a serially adjacent pair of intermediate fluid repositories into a fluid channel that is, because of the azimuthal and zenithal angles of the tilt, effectively, and/or with respect to gravity, a descending and/or downhill fluid channel through which gravity draws fluids to flow from the preceding to the succeeding intermediate fluid repositories. And, if such an angularly favorable tilt lasts long enough, the fluid contents of a preceding intermediate fluid repository may be entirely transferred by a gravitationally-induced flow through a connecting fluid channel to a succeeding intermediate fluid repository. 
     In the description of the present disclosure, the fluid channels fluidly connecting serially adjacent, and/or sequential, intermediate fluid repositories, may be referred to as a variety of terms, including, but not limited to: inclined channel, elevator conduit, elevator ramp, and ascending channel, or any variation thereof. In the description of the present disclosure, the intermediate fluid repositories which hold, trap, and/or capture, fluid between favorable tilts, may be referred to as a variety of terms, including, but not limited to: fluid repositories, and catchment basins. In the description of the present disclosure, the points, planes, apertures, and/or seams, at which inclined channels are fluidly connected to respective (i.e., preceding or succeeding) intermediate fluid repositories, and/or at which fluid diodes are interconnected, utilize terminology that is relative to the context of the reference, e.g., a fluid channel carrying fluid to an intermediate fluid repository may be referred to as an inlet channel, an inlet aperture, a source conduit, etc.; and, a fluid channel carrying fluid from an intermediate fluid repository may be referred to as an outlet channel, an outlet aperture, a receiving conduit, etc. Therefore, depending upon the context of a discussion and/or description, a particular fluid channel might be referred to as both an inlet channel and an outlet channel. Similarly, depending upon the context of a discussion and/or description, a particular intermediate fluid repository might be referred to as both a source fluid repository and a receiving fluid repository. Similarly, planes through which fluid flows within and/or between intermediate fluid repositories, fluid channels, and/or fluid diodes, might be referred to as apertures, e.g., inlet apertures and outlet apertures (depending upon the context of a discussion and/or description). 
     An embodiment&#39;s fluid channel is intended to raise fluid from a relatively lower height to a relatively greater height in response to tilting of the embodiment in response to external, e.g., environmental, buffeting of the embodiment. Therefore, the individual fluid diodes of which an embodiment&#39;s fluid channel is comprised tend to be oriented such that at least a range of approximately opposite azimuthal tilt angles will tend to move fluid from one intermediate fluid repository to another in response to a tilt of a first azimuthal angle, and then move it from that receiving intermediate fluid repository to another in response to a tilt of a second azimuthal angle, where the first and second azimuthal angles are approximately opposite, and/or different by approximately 180 degrees. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure tends to elevate fluid through its serially and fluidly connected fluid diodic channels in response to tilting characterized by favorable azimuthal angles that differ by approximately 180 degrees. Another embodiment of the present disclosure tends to elevate fluid through its serially and fluidly connected fluid diodic channels in response to tilting characterized by favorable azimuthal angles that differ by approximately 120 degrees. Other embodiments of the present disclosure tend to elevate fluid through their respective serially and fluidly connected fluid diodic channels in response to tilting characterized by favorable azimuthal angles that differ by angles, including, but not limited to: 90 degrees, 60 degrees, 45 degrees, 30 degrees, 20 degrees, and 15 degrees. An embodiment of the present disclosure tends to elevate fluid through its serially and fluidly connected fluid diodic channels in response to tilting characterized by favorable azimuthal angles of any degree, and/or tilting characterized by any azimuthal angle. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure utilizes intermediate inclined channels to fluidly connect intermediate fluid repositories such that a source of tilting action at the embodiment (e.g., wave action) will periodically, incrementally, sequentially, and/or approximately continuously, cause its constituent intermediate inclined channels to become reoriented with respect to gravity such that gravity causes fluid to flow from an intermediate fluid repository of a first elevation and/or height (relative to the embodiment) to another intermediate fluid repository of a second elevation and/or height (relative to the embodiment), wherein the second elevation is greater than the first. In this way, the embodiment incrementally, sequentially, step-wise, and/or impulsively, elevates fluid within its fluid channel from a relatively lower elevation to a relatively higher elevation, thereby imparting to the fluid gravitational potential energy and/or head pressure that may be used to energize a fluid turbine and/or for some other useful purpose. 
     Because a particular fluidic diode of the present disclosure manifests fluid flow within its respective nominally-inclined fluid channel in response to a tilt of a particular azimuthal direction, and only while that tilt is also of at least a threshold zenithal angle, a fluidic diode of the present disclosure behaves in a periodic manner, akin to a gated or digital circuit. And, because tilting of an embodiment will, depending upon its configuration and the environment in which it operates, tend to be cyclic with the tilting in one azimuthal direction being following by an approximate return to a vertical orientation prior to again being tilted in a different azimuthal (e.g., in an approximately opposite) direction, the environmental and/or ambient source tending to tilt an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ambient source of an embodiment&#39;s tilting tends to act as a clocking and/or gating signal to the embodiment. From this perspective, an embodiment of the present disclosure might be seen as analogous to a digital circuit that moves data from an input register, to another register, and to another, and to another, and so on . . . until that data is presented at an output register—where embodiments of the present disclosure move fluid instead of data, and the clock signals and energy which gate and drive the movements are provided by the external source of the embodiment&#39;s tilting. 
     With respect to an embodiment of the present disclosure that is mounted to, and/or incorporates, a buoyant structure, waves acting at the embodiment and causing it to tilt, e.g., in one azimuthal direction of tilt when approaching a wave crest, and in an approximately opposite azimuthal direction of tilt when approaching a wave trough, provide the embodiment&#39;s fluid channel, and the fluid diodes of which it is comprised, with a gating, timing, and/or clocking signal which regulates the flow of fluid through the embodiment&#39;s fluid diodes. Those wave-induced tilts of the embodiment then periodically allow gravity, and a tilt-induced gravitational potential energy with respect to individual fluid diodes, to move fluid within the embodiment&#39;s fluid channel from one or more fluid diodes to respective succeeding fluid diodes. The fluid diodes of which the embodiment&#39;s fluid channel is comprised allow fluid to move higher within the embodiment, and with respect to the embodiment&#39;s frame of reference, when the embodiment experiences tilts favorable to each respective fluid diode. Those fluid diodes prevent the water within them from flowing backward within the embodiment&#39;s fluid channel when the embodiment&#39;s tilt is not favorable to its forward flow. Thus, in response to tilting of an embodiment, fluid flows incrementally from fluid diode to fluid diode in a pattern that eventually elevates fluid to an elevated outlet from which its wave-derived gravitational potential energy may be efficiently harvested. 
     Because of their dependence upon gravity to cause fluid to flow within and/or through them, the fluid diodes of which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be comprised may be referred to as gravitational fluidic diodes. And, the fluid channel of an embodiment might be described as a fluidly connected concatenation of gravitational fluidic diodes. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which any duration of tilt (i.e. duration of tilt that reaches or exceeds a requisite minimum tilt angle), is required for the complete contents of one enclosure to flow into another enclosure. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the duration of tilt that must be reached or exceeded before the complete contents of one enclosure is able to flow into a fluidly connected enclosure is 1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 7 seconds, 9 seconds, 11 seconds, 13 seconds, and 15 seconds. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which flotation adjacent to the surface of a body of water is achieved by means of a buoy or buoyant structure of any shape, size, and/or volume. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the buoy is in the shape of a short broad cylinder in which an axis of radial symmetry is vertical (i.e. a buoy shaped like a “puck). The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the buoy is in the shape of a “teardrop” in which an axis of radial symmetry is vertical, and the bulbous end is at a relatively great depth while the pointy end is at or above the surface. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the buoy is in spherical in shape. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the buoy is cylindrical in shape, with a nominally vertical radial axis of symmetry, in which the length of the cylinder is approximately equal to, or greater than, the diameter of the cylinder. And, the scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the buoy is cylindrical in shape, with a nominally horizontal radial axis of symmetry, in which the length of the cylinder is greater than the diameter of the cylinder. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments, and/or their respective buoys, of any size, diameter, width, height, draft, freeboard, waterplane area, displacement, and/or volume. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which a width of the embodiment, and/or its respective buoy, is 3 meters, 5 meters, 10 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, 50 meters, 75 meters, 100 meters, and 150 meters. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments characterized by any nominal and/or average rate of water flow to an uppermost height, level, elevation, and/or head. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments, characterized by a nominal and/or average rate of water flow to an uppermost height, level, elevation, and/or head that is approximately 1 liter per second, 10 liters per second, 100 liters per second, 1,000 liters per second, 10,000 liters per second, 100,000 liters per second, and 1 million liters per second. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments, characterized by a nominal flow of water from a point, pool, and/or body of origin, to an uppermost height, level, elevation, and/or head, that is separated from the respective point, pool, and/or body of origin, of approximately 5 meters, 10 meters, 15 meters, 20 meters, 25 meters, 40 meters, 50 meters, 60 meters, 80 meters, 100 meters, 150 meters, and 200 meters. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the water raised to a higher level, elevation, or head, is drawn, at least in part, from the body of water on which the embodiment floats. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the water raised to a higher level, elevation, or head, is drawn, at least in part, from an enclosed reservoir of water to which the raised water is returned after its passage through a generator, desalination membrane, mineral absorption pad, or other water pressure processing mechanism, apparatus, component, material, and/or system. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which incorporate a mechanism, design feature, apparatus, and/or valve, that permits rising water to be utilized (e.g., to be sent through a water turbine) at a height, level, elevation, and/or head, less than the maximum possible height, level, elevation, and/or head. Such a reduction in the height, level, elevation, and/or head to which water is permitted to rise before its gravitational potential energy and/or head pressure is utilized may allow the efficiency, performance, and/or output of the embodiments to be increased when the energy of the waves buffeting the embodiments is less than the nominal level for which the embodiments were optimized. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which incorporate a mechanism, design feature, apparatus, and/or valve, that permits rising water to “spill over”, and/or bypass a water turbine or other flow restrictor, and thereby escape the water-lifting power takeoff, and/or directly return to the body of water from which it originated. Such a bypass of water provides a useful adaptation and/or option to avoid damage during periods of operation characterized by waves of excessive energy. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which utilize water raised therein to generate electrical power. Some of these types of embodiments may use at least a portion of the electrical power so generated to power computers, and/or computing circuits, in order to perform calculations and complete computing tasks downloaded to the embodiments via direct network connections (e.g. via subsea data cables) and/or via radio communications (e.g. received from satellites), and to subsequently return computational results to one or more remote computers and/or computing stations or networks via direct network connections (e.g. via subsea data cables) and/or via radio communications (e.g. transmitted to and/or via satellites). Some of these types of embodiments may use at least a portion of the electrical power so generated to electrolyze water (or seawater) and produce hydrogen. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which utilize water raised therein to desalinate water. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which utilize water raised therein to extract minerals from seawater. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments constructed, fabricated, incorporating, and/or made of, any material. The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments fabricated, at least in part, of steel, aluminum, another metal, concrete, another cementitious material, fibrous materials (e.g., bamboo, or cellulose), or plastic. 
     Disclosed is an improved energy harvesting system that is capable of utilizing at least a portion of the energy which it generates in order to perform an energy-intensive task. The scope of the present invention includes embodiments in which any or all of the energy harvested by the respective embodiments is utilized by any device-specific, and/or embodiment-specific, application, process, transformation, mechanism, device, synthesis, conversion, activity, harvesting (e.g., of an element, a chemical, a substance), and/or any other task that results in the production, creation, collection, and/or accumulation, of any material, substance, solid, liquid, gas, information, and/or product that has a value, benefit, and/or utility with respect to any consumer, person, animal, environment, and/or place. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which are moored to a solid substrate lying beneath the body of water on which the embodiments float. For instance, the scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which are moored to a seafloor near a land mass and/or coastline. Such embodiments may transmit at least a portion of the electrical power, computational results, desalinated water, hydrogen, or other useful product, that they produce to a land mass via a cable, tube, channel, wire, and/or other transmission conduit. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which are free-floating and/or self-propelled. Such embodiments may operate adjacent to the surface of portions of the sea that are very deep (e.g. deeper than one mile). Such embodiments may operate very far from a shore and/or land mass. Such embodiments may generate electrical power and utilize at least a portion of that power to perform computational tasks received via radio transmission and/or satellite. Such embodiments may generate electrical power and utilize at least a portion of that power to refine metals (such as aluminum). Such embodiments may generate electrical power and utilize at least a portion of that power and/or pressure to generate desalinated water. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which propel themselves by means of a variety of methods, systems, nodes, techniques, mechanisms, machines, modules, and/or technologies, in order to generate the thrust to propel themselves across the surface of the body of water on which they operate. These mechanisms may include, but are not limited to: rigid sails, flexible sails, electrically-powered motor-driven propellers, chemically-powered engine-driven propellers, electrically- and/or chemically-powered ducted fans, directed exhausts from oscillating water columns, water jets, Flettner rotors, sea anchors and/or drogues deployed to relatively shallow depths (e.g., 30 meters), sea anchors and/or drogues deployed to relatively great depths (e.g., 1,000 meters), and structural appendages, columns, etc., that extend down into the water column. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which convert at least a portion of the energy of incident waves into electrical power, at least a portion of which is used to power computers that perform computational tasks they receive from remote computers, networks, and/or stations, e.g., via transmissions from satellites, and which is used to return computational results to remote computers, networks, and/or stations, e.g., via transmissions to satellites. 
     Each such embodiment of the current disclosure incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes a plurality of electronic computational nodes, computers, mechanisms, modules, systems, assemblages, circuits, processors, and/or machines, of types and/or categories including, but not limited to, the following: 
     1. computational components such as: 
     CPUs, CPU-cores, inter-connected logic gates, ASICs, RAM, flash drives, SSDs, hard disks, GPUs, quantum chips, optoelectronic circuits, analog computing circuits, encryption circuits, and/or decryption circuits 
     2. computational circuits capable of processing tasks, including, but not limited to: 
     machine learning, neural networks, cryptocurrency mining, graphics processing, image object recognition and/or classification, image rendering, quantum computing, financial analysis and/or prediction, and/or artificial intelligence. 
     3. computational circuits characterized by architectures typical of: 
     “blade servers,” “rack-mounted computers and/or servers,” and/or supercomputers. 
     The computing tasks executed, performed, and/or completed by such embodiments of the current disclosure may be of an arbitrary nature. Moreover, such embodiments may incorporate and/or utilize specialized circuits, networks, architectures, and/or peripherals that facilitate their execution of specific types of computing tasks. Each such embodiment&#39;s receipt of a computational task, and its return of a computational result, may be accomplished through the transmission of data across satellite links, fiber optic cables, LAN cables, radio (e.g., device-to-shore, device-to-device, device-to-drone-to-device, etc.), modulated light, microwaves, and/or any other channel, link, connection, and/or network. 
     Such embodiments may dissipate at least a portion of the heat generated by the computational nodes therein by transmitting that heat (e.g. passively and/or conductively) to the water on which the device floats, and/or to the air around it. 
     An embodiment of the current disclosure includes, incorporates, and/or utilizes, machines, systems, modules, apparati, processors, and/or nodes, that are energized, at least in part, by power generated by the embodiment in response to, and/or as a consequence of, waves moving across and/or through that body of water on which it floats, and which use at least a portion of that energy to generate, synthesize, extract, capture, and/or accumulate, a chemical (e.g., hydrogen gas). 
     An embodiment of the current disclosure utilizes at least a portion of the power that it extracts from ambient waves to electrolyze seawater and generate hydrogen gas, which it then compresses, and/or liquefies, and stores within a compartment and/or chamber. 
     This disclosure, as well as the discussion regarding same, is made in reference to wave energy converters on, at, or adjacent to, the surface of an ocean. However, the scope of this disclosure applies with equal force and equal benefit to wave energy converters and/or other devices on, at, or adjacent to, the surface of an inland sea, a lake, and/or any other body of water or fluid. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which communicate with other embodiments; communicate with planes; communicate with shore stations; communicate with satellites; and/or communicate with networks. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which communicate by means of radios, lasers, quantum-encoded channels, and/or other communication modalities. 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which include, incorporate, and/or utilize a variety of navigational equipment, nodes, technologies (e.g., radars, sonars, LIDARS). 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which include, incorporate, and/or utilize a variety of sensors (e.g., cameras, radars, sonars, LIDARS, echo locators, magnetic). 
     The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, embodiments which include, incorporate, and/or utilize sensors that measure, characterize, and/or evaluate: 
     winds, waves, currents, atmospheric pressures, relative humidities, and/or other environmental factors; 
     potential hazards, e.g., ships, ice bergs, floating debris, oil slicks, water depths, subsurface topographies, shore lines, reefs, etc.; 
     ecological objects of interest, e.g., whales, turtles, fish, birds, plankton, etc.; and/or, 
     environmental and/or ecological degradations, e.g., pollutants, illegal fishing, illegal dumping, etc. 
     All derivative embodiments, combinations of embodiments, and variations thereof, are included within the scope of this disclosure. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure is propelled by means of a flexibly connected autonomous surface vessel (ASV), e.g., an automated boat or tug. Embodiments of the present disclosure need not be propelled by means of modules, systems, mechanisms, and/or machines, incorporated within them, nor fixedly attached to them. Propulsion may be provided by any means, devices, vessels, and/or other external energy-consuming machines, regardless of the manner, method, and/or type of connection by which and/or through which their propulsive forces are transmitted to their respective embodiment(s). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an elevated, perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  2    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1    in a first tilt orientation; 
         FIG.  4    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1    in a second tilt orientation; 
         FIG.  5    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1    in the first tilt orientation; 
         FIG.  6    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1    in the second tilt orientation; 
         FIG.  7    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1    in the second tilt orientation; 
         FIG.  8    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  1    in the second tilt orientation; 
         FIG.  9    is an elevated, perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  10    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  9   ; 
         FIG.  11    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  9   ; 
         FIG.  12    is an elevated, perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  13    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  12   ; 
         FIG.  14    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  12   ; 
         FIG.  15    is an elevated, perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  16    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  15   ; 
         FIG.  17    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  15   ; 
         FIG.  18    is another a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  15   ; 
         FIG.  19    is another a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  15   ; 
         FIG.  20    is an elevated, perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  21    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  20   ; 
         FIG.  22    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  23    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  22   ; 
         FIG.  24    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  25    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  24   ; 
         FIG.  26    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  24   ; 
         FIG.  27    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  28    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  27   ; 
         FIG.  29    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  27   ; 
         FIG.  30    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  31    is another elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  30   ; 
         FIG.  32    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  33    is another elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  32   ; 
         FIG.  34    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  32   ; 
         FIG.  35    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  32   ; 
         FIG.  36    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  37    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  36   ; 
         FIG.  38    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  39    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  38   ; 
         FIG.  40    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  38   ; 
         FIG.  41    an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  42    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  43    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  44    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  45    is another cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  46    is a perspective cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  47    is a top view of another embodiment of the invention of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  48    is an elevated, perspective view of the layer of  FIG.  47   ; 
         FIG.  49    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  50    is an elevated, perspective view of the layer of  FIG.  49   ; 
         FIG.  51    is a top view of another layer of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  52    is an elevated, perspective view of the layer of  FIG.  51   ; 
         FIG.  53    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  54    is an elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  55    is a side schematic view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  56    is another side schematic view of the embodiment of  FIG.  41   ; 
         FIG.  57    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  58    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  57   ; 
         FIG.  59    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  57   ; 
         FIG.  60    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  61    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60   ; 
         FIG.  62    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60   ; 
         FIG.  63    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60   ; 
         FIG.  64    is another cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60   ; 
         FIG.  65    is another cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60   ; 
         FIG.  66    is perspective cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60   ; 
         FIG.  67    is an elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  60    with the outer wall removed; 
         FIG.  68    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  69    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  69   ; 
         FIG.  70    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  69   ; 
         FIG.  71    an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  72    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  73    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  72   ; 
         FIG.  74    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  72   ; 
         FIG.  75    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  72   ; 
         FIG.  76    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  72   ; 
         FIG.  77    is a side view, partially in shadow, of the embodiment of  FIG.  72   . 
         FIG.  78    is an elevated, perspective view of a ramp structure of the embodiment of  FIG.  72   ; 
         FIG.  79    is a cross sectional view of the ramp structure of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  80    is another cross sectional view of the ramp structure of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  81    a top down cross sectional view of the ramp structure of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  82    is perspective view of the cross section of  FIG.  81   ; 
         FIG.  83    is an elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  84    is another elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  85    is another elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  86    is another elevated, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  78   ; 
         FIG.  87    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  88    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  89    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  87 ; 
         FIG.  90    is an enlarged, cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  91    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  92    is an enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  93    is a side cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  94    is a side schematic view of the sectional view of  FIG.  93   ; 
         FIG.  95    is an enlarged, perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  96    is an enlarged, cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  97    is an elevated, perspective view of the section of  FIG.  96   ; 
         FIG.  98    is an enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  99    is another enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87   ; 
         FIG.  100    is another enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87     
         FIG.  101    another enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87     
         FIG.  102    is another enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87     
         FIG.  103    is another enlarged, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  87     
         FIG.  104    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  105    is another perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  104   ; 
         FIG.  106    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  104   ; 
         FIG.  107    is another side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  104   ; 
         FIG.  108    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  104   ; 
         FIG.  109    is bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG.  104   ; 
         FIG.  110    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  104   ; 
         FIG.  111    a perspective view of the section of  FIG.  110   ; 
         FIG.  112    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG.  113    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  112   ; 
         FIG.  114    is a front view of the embodiment of  FIG.  112   ; 
         FIG.  115    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  112   ; 
         FIG.  116    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  112   ; 
         FIG.  117    is another cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  112   ; and 
         FIG.  118    is a top down cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  112   . 
         FIG.  119    is an elevated perspective view of another embodiment of present invention 
         FIG.  120    is a perspective view of interior components of the embodiment of  FIG.  119   ; 
         FIG.  121    is an upward perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG.  120   ; 
         FIG.  122    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  120   ; 
         FIG.  123    is an elevated sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  120   ; 
         FIG.  124    is a top sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  123   ; 
         FIG.  125    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  126    is a side cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  127    is an elevated sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124     
         FIG.  128    is another sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  129    is a top sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  130    is a upward looking sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  131    is a downward looking sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  132    is another downward looking sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  133    is an elevated, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  134    is a top sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  135    is an upward looking perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  136    is a downward looking perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  137    is a partial cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  124   ; 
         FIG.  138    is a schematic view of an embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  139    is a schematic view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  140    is a side sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  139   ; 
         FIG.  141    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  142    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  141   ; 
         FIG.  143    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment  FIG.  141   ; 
         FIG.  144    is a schematic view of an embodiment of present invention 
         FIG.  145    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  144   ; 
         FIG.  146    is a top down cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  144   ; 
         FIG.  147    is a side cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  144   ; 
         FIG.  148    is a schematic view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  149    is a sectional view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  150    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  151    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  152    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  153    is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  154    is a sectional view, partially in shadow, of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  155    is a top sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  156    is an elevated, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  157    is another elevated, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  150   ; 
         FIG.  158    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  159    is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  158   ; 
         FIG.  160    is a top down sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  158   ; 
         FIG.  161    is an elevated, perspective sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  158   ; 
         FIG.  162    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  163    is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG.  162   ; 
         FIG.  164    is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  162   ; 
         FIG.  165    is an elevated, perspective view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  166    is a top down sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  165   ; 
         FIG.  167    is another top down sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  165   ; 
         FIG.  168    is another top down sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG.  165   ; 
         FIG.  169    is a cross sectional side view of another embodiment of present invention; 
         FIG.  170    is another cross sectional side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  169   ; 
         FIG.  171    is a cross sectional side view of another embodiment of present invention; and 
         FIG.  172    is a cross sectional side view of the embodiment of  FIG.  171    tilted at an angle. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG.  1    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) representative of an embodiment of the present disclosure, provided mainly for illustration of concepts. The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part can include a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. The illustration in  FIG.  1    includes a rectangular plane  100  (i.e. a “deck”) beneath the PTO that is nominally parallel to the resting surface of the body of water on which the embodiment of which the PTO is a part floats, and is provided to assist the reader in evaluating the relative heights of the water-holding chambers on the left and right sides of the PTO. 
     A water-holding chamber (i.e. “chamber”)  101  is fluidly connected to a plurality of inlet pipes and/or apertures  102  through which water may enter the chamber  101 . Chamber  101  is fluidly connected to chamber  103  by a pipe, tube, and/or conduit,  104 . Pipe  104  originates at a lower portion and/or position on chamber  101  and connects to a relatively high portion and/or position of chamber  103 . Thus, when the PTO is tilted by a sufficient degree within a vertical plane passing through chambers  101  and  103 , water will tend to pass from chamber  101 , through pipe  104 , and into chamber  103 . Furthermore, when such a tilt is completed and/or over, the water that has passed from chamber  101  to  103  will tend to be trapped within chamber  103  (since the input to pipe  104  with respect to chamber  103  is relatively high and will tend to remain above the upper surface of the water trapped within chamber  103 ). 
     A lower portion and/or position of chamber  103  is fluidly connected to an upper portion and/or position of chamber  105  by pipe  106 . Thus, when the PTO is tilted by a sufficient magnitude and/or degree within a vertical plane passing through chambers  103  and  105 , water will tend to pass from chamber  103 , through pipe  106 , and into chamber  105 . 
     A tilt of sufficient degree that tends to raise chamber  101  and lower chamber  103  will tend to result in water flowing through pipe  104  from chamber  101  to chamber  103 . And, an opposing tilt (i.e. a tilt in the opposite direction) of sufficient degree that tends to raise chamber  103  and lower chamber  105  will tend to result in water flowing through pipe  106  from chamber  103  to chamber  105 . Thus, relative to the illustration in  FIG.  1   , a first counter-clockwise tilt will tend to move water from chamber  101  to chamber  103 , thereby moving the water from a relatively lower chamber to a relatively higher chamber and leaving it trapped there. And, a second clockwise tilt will tend to move water from chamber  103  to chamber  105 , thereby again moving the water from a relatively lower chamber to a relatively higher chamber and leaving it trapped there. Through a single cycle of tilting within a vertical plane passing through the opposing chambers  101 / 105  and  103 , water that originated in chamber  101  is raised by a full chamber height (i.e., the height of chamber  101 ) and remains trapped there. 
     In response to a counter-clockwise tilt of sufficient magnitude, water trapped within chamber  105  will tend to flow into chamber  107  through pipe  108 . And, in response to a clockwise tilt of sufficient magnitude, water trapped within chamber  107  will tend to flow into chamber  109  through pipe  110 . 
     A series of sufficiently great tilting motions of alternating directions (e.g., clockwise and counter-clockwise) of the illustrated PTO will tend to take water introduced to the interior of chamber  101  through input pipes  102  and incrementally raise the height of that water through successive passages from chamber  101  to chambers  103 ,  105 ,  107 , and  109 . Water deposited into chamber  109  then flows out of that chamber through pipe  111  and through water turbine  112 , which tends to rotate the operationally connected rotor of generator  113 , thereby producing electrical power. 
     The PTO illustrated in  FIG.  1    uses a wave-driven tilting of its respective embodiment to raise water from a relatively lower level and/or height, to a relatively higher level and/or height. It then converts the increased gravitational potential, and/or head pressure, of that raised water to cause a water turbine to rotate and to thereby generate electrical power. 
       FIG.  2    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  1   . In  FIG.  2   , the PTO is configured in a horizontal orientation. In this orientation, water trapped in any particular water-holding chamber  101 ,  103 ,  105 ,  107 , and/or  109 , of the PTO would tend to remain within that chamber. In this orientation, water will not tend to flow through any of the pipes  104 ,  106 ,  108 , and/or  110 , because to do so the water would have to flow to height higher than the level of water within the chamber from which it would originate. 
     When the PTO is tilted in a clockwise direction to a sufficient degree, water from the body of water  113  on which the PTO&#39;s associated embodiment (not shown) floats will tend to flow  114  into the inlet pipes  102 , after which successive tilts within a vertical plane passing through the opposing stacks of chambers, i.e. stack  103 / 107  and stack  101 / 105 ,  109 , and of sufficient magnitude will (if the requisite degree of tilting is maintained for a sufficient period time) tend to flow into successively higher chambers, i.e., from  101  to  103  to  105  to  107  and to  109 . Water deposited into uppermost chamber  109  is then able to flow out of the chamber through pipe  111  and thereafter through water turbine  112  and thereafter out of the PTO through pipe  115 . Water flowing out of the mouth at the lower end of pipe  115  will return to the body of water  113  on which the PTO&#39;s associated embodiment (not shown) floats. 
       FIG.  3    shows a side sectional view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  1  and  2   . For the purpose of illustration, the chamber walls nearest the reader in  FIGS.  3 - 8    have been removed to permit the presence, volumes, and upper surfaces, of water (if any) contained within each chamber to be visible.  FIGS.  3  to  8    are sectional views in which the section plane is immediately inside the chamber walls parallel to the illustration page and nearest the reader. 
     In  FIG.  3   , the PTO is configured in a tilted and/or rotated orientation. In  FIGS.  1  and  2   , a vector normal to the PTO&#39;s deck was oriented vertically as shown by line  116 . The PTO configuration illustrated in  FIG.  3    has resulted from a clockwise rotation of the PTO within the plane of the illustration that has rotated  117  the deck normal vector from the neutral orientation  116  of a horizontal PTO to a new orientation of  118 . 
     The clockwise rotated configuration of the PTO has placed the inlet pipes  102  below the surface  113  of the body of water on which the PTO&#39;s associated embodiment (not shown) floats. As a consequence of the submergence of the inlet pipes  102 , water flows  114  into chamber  101  and a volume of water  119  is momentarily trapped within that chamber. A portion  120  of the trapped water  119  extends into pipe  104  but is unable to flow uphill through pipe  104 . 
       FIG.  4    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 3   . In  FIG.  4   , the PTO is configured in a tilted and/or rotated orientation that is counter to the rotation characterizing the orientation illustrated in  FIG.  3   . In  FIGS.  1  and  2   , a vector normal to the PTO&#39;s deck was oriented vertically as shown by line  116 . The PTO configuration illustrated in  FIG.  4    has resulted from a counter-clockwise rotation of the PTO within the plane of the illustration that has rotated  121  the deck normal vector from the orientation  118  characteristic of the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  3   , and from the neutral orientation  116  of a horizontal PTO to a new orientation of  122 . 
     The counter-clockwise rotated configuration of the PTO has raised the inlet pipes  102  above the surface thereby preventing any further inflow of water into chamber  101 . Furthermore, the rotation has changed the angular orientation of pipe  104  such that water that was trapped within chamber  101  is now free to flow  123  “downhill” and to thereafter flow  124  into chamber  103  through the aperture  125  that fluidly connects the chamber  103  to pipe  104 . The water that flows  124  into chamber  103  becomes trapped as a pool  126  at the bottom of that chamber. A portion  127  of the trapped water  126  extends into pipe  106  but is unable to flow uphill through pipe  106 . 
     As a consequence of the water  119  that flows out of chamber  101 , and flows  123  through pipe  104 , and into  124  chamber  103 , the level of the water within chamber  101  is reduced  128 . 
       FIG.  5    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 4   . In  FIG.  5   , the PTO is configured in a tilted and/or rotated orientation that is counter to the rotations characterizing the orientations illustrated in  FIG.  4   , and similar to the rotation characterizing the orientation illustrated in  FIG.  3   . As was the case with the orientation illustrated in  FIG.  3   , water from body of water  113  on which the PTO&#39;s associated embodiment (not shown) flows  114  into water-holding chamber  101  and accumulates  119  therein. 
     The water  126  that accumulated within chamber  103  as a result of the counter-clockwise rotation illustrated in  FIG.  4   , now tends to flow  129  from chamber  103  to chamber  105  through pipe  106 , thereby lowering  130  the level of the water  126  within chamber  103 . Water flowing  131  into chamber  105  through aperture  132  tends to become trapped forming a pool  133  of water within the chamber. 
       FIG.  6    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 5   . In  FIG.  6   , the PTO is configured in a tilted and/or rotated orientation that is counter to the rotation characterizing the orientation illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  5   . The PTO configuration illustrated in  FIG.  6    has resulted from a counter-clockwise rotation of the PTO within the plane of the illustration that has rotated  121  the deck normal vector from the orientation  118  characteristic of the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  5   , and from the neutral orientation  116  of a horizontal PTO to the same orientation of  122  that characterizes the orientation illustrated in  FIG.  4   . 
     The counter-clockwise rotated configuration of the PTO has changed the angular orientation of pipe  104  such that water that was trapped within chamber  101  is now free to flow  123  “downhill” and to thereafter flow  124  into chamber  103 . The water that flows  124  into chamber  103  becomes trapped as a pool  126  at the bottom of that chamber. Similarly, water that was trapped within chamber  105  as a result of the rotation of  FIG.  5    is now free to flow  134  “downhill” and to thereafter flow  135  into chamber  103  through the aperture  136  that fluidly connects the chamber  107  to pipe  108 . The water that flows  135  into chamber  107  becomes trapped as a pool  137  at the bottom of that chamber. A portion  138  of the trapped water  137  extends into pipe  108  but is unable to flow uphill through pipe  110 . 
     As a consequence of the water  133  that flows out of chamber  105 , and flows  134  through pipe  108 , and into  135  chamber  107 , the level of the water within chamber  105  is reduced  139 . 
       FIG.  7    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 6   . In  FIG.  7   , the PTO is configured in a tilted and/or rotated orientation that is counter to the rotations characterizing the orientations illustrated in  FIGS.  4  and  6   , and similar to the rotation characterizing the orientation illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  5   . As was the case with the orientations illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  5   , water from body of water  113  on which the PTO&#39;s associated embodiment (not shown) flows  114  into water-holding chamber  101  and accumulates  119  therein. 
     The water  126  that accumulated within chamber  103  as a result of the counter-clockwise rotations illustrated in  FIGS.  4  and  6   , now tends to flow  129  from chamber  103  to chamber  105  through pipe  106 , thereby lowering  130  the level of the water  126  within chamber  103 . Water flowing  131  into chamber  105  tends to become trapped forming a pool  133  of water within the chamber. Likewise, the water  137  that accumulated within chamber  107  as a result of the counter-clockwise rotations illustrated in  FIG.  4   , now tends to flow  140  from chamber  107  to chamber  109  through pipe  110 , thereby lowering  141  the level of the water  137  within chamber  107 . Water flowing  142  into chamber  109  tends to become trapped forming a pool  143  of water within the chamber. 
     Water  143  within chamber  109  tends to flow out of the chamber through pipe  111  and therethrough water turbine  112 , after which it flows  144  through and out of pipe  115  thereby returning to the body of water  113  from which it originated. 
       FIG.  8    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 7   . In  FIG.  8   , the PTO is configured in a tilted and/or rotated orientation that is counter to the rotation characterizing the orientation illustrated in  FIGS.  3 ,  5  and  7   . The PTO configuration illustrated in  FIG.  8    has resulted from a counter-clockwise rotation of the PTO within the plane of the illustration that has rotated  121  the deck normal vector from the orientation  118  characteristic of the PTO orientations illustrated in  FIGS.  3 ,  5  and  7   , and from the neutral orientation  116  of a horizontal PTO to the same orientation of  122  that characterizes the orientation illustrated in  FIGS.  4  and  6   . 
     The counter-clockwise rotated configuration of the PTO has changed the angular orientation of pipes  104  and  108  such that water that was trapped within respective chambers  101  and  105  is now free to flow  123  and  134  “downhill” and to thereafter flow  124  and  135  into respective chambers  103  and  107  where it is trapped in pools  126  and  137 . 
     As a consequence of the water  119  and  133  that flows out of chambers  101  and  105 , the level of the water within chambers  103  and  105  are reduced  128  and  139 . 
     Because the water deposited in chamber  109  flows out through pipe  111  and energizes water turbine  112 , the level of the water within chamber  109  is reduced  145 . 
     Through a wave-driven repeated and/or oscillatory tilting and/or rotation of the PTO, and its associated embodiment (not shown), the orientations illustrated in  FIGS.  7  and  8    may be repeated many times, and the result of that oscillatory tilting is the continuous transfer of water from one stack of chambers (e.g.,  101 / 105 / 109 ) to the other stack of chambers (e.g.,  103 / 107 ) and back again. When tilted within a vertical plane passing through the chambers  101 ,  103 ,  105 ,  107 , and  109  (or tilted such that a component of the tilting is within such a vertical plane) to a sufficient degree and for a sufficiently long period of time (i.e., long enough for water to flow from one chamber to another), the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    will incrementally, serially, and ongoingly, raise water from the body of water  113  on which the embodiment floats up to chamber  109  where its resulting gravitational potential energy and/or head pressure pushes it through water turbine  112  thereby imparting rotational energy to the rotor of operationally connected generator ( 113  in  FIG.  1   ). 
     The PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    converts a portion of the energy of ocean waves into gravitational potential energy, and thereafter uses a portion of that potential energy to do useful work, such as to generate electrical power. Another embodiment uses the gravitational potential energy of the water deposited in chamber  109  to desalinate water. And another embodiment uses that potential energy to extract minerals from seawater (e.g. by pushing the water through an adsorbent substance, filter, or membrane). The scope of the present invention includes embodiments that utilize the gravitational potential energy of the raised water to do any and every kind of useful work. 
     The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, size, and/or volume of water-holding chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any arrangement: horizontal, vertical, and/or spatial, of water-holding chambers, including, but not limited to, the distances between chambers, vertically, horizontally, and/or spatially. The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, cross-sectional area, diameter, size, length, and/or volume of inter-chamber pipes, within the PTO and/or fluidly connecting any two chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which the flow of water through the inter-chamber pipes is directed, regulated, adjusted, and/or modified, including, but not limited to, any and every means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which water is compelled to flow in only a single direction, and/or only toward a respective receiving chamber. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, channel, conduit, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which water is permitted to flow into an initial chamber (e.g., chamber  101  in  FIG.  1   ), including inlet pipes and/or apertures that incorporate one-way valves to prevent water from flowing out of such an initial chamber after having flowed in. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which raised water is directed into, and/or permitted to enter, a water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or volume, of water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or rated power, of generator and/or alternator, including permanent magnet generators, induction generators, and self-excited synchronous generators. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, system, module, and/or component, by which generated electrical power is stored, including batteries, capacitors, and flywheels. 
       FIG.  9    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment incorporates four  170 - 173  of the same power takeoffs (PTOs) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . The embodiment incorporates a buoyant platform and partial enclosure  174  that floats adjacent to the surface  175  of a body of water over which waves pass. The embodiment&#39;s four  170 - 173  PTOs are attached to a deck  176  which was represented in  FIGS.  1 - 8    as  100 . 
     As illustrated and explained in  FIGS.  1 - 8   , each PTO includes a set of inflow pipes  177  which penetrate a side wall of the embodiment&#39;s buoy  174  and were denoted as  102  in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . And, as illustrated and explained in  FIGS.  1 - 8   , each PTO includes a pipe  178  (denoted as  111  in  FIGS.  1 - 8   ) that directs water raised by the PTO into a water turbine  179  (denoted as  112  in  FIGS.  1 - 8   ), which energizes an operably connected generator  180  (denoted as  113  in  FIG.  1   ), and includes a pipe  181  that guides effluent from the water turbine  179  back to the body of water  175  on which the embodiment floats. 
     When the embodiment tilts  182 , fully or partially, within a vertical plane passing through the water-holding chambers of PTOs  170  and/or  171 , then a tilt in one direction (clockwise with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  9   ) then water will tend to flow into the lowest chamber of PTO  171 . And, when the embodiment tilts  182  in the opposite direction (counter-clockwise with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  9   ) then water will tend to flow into the lowest chamber of PTO  170 . And, water will tend to continuously run through and energize the water turbines of each PTO  170  and  171 . 
     When the embodiment tilts  183 , fully or partially, within a vertical plane passing through the water-holding chambers of PTOs  172  and/or  173 , then a tilt in one direction (clockwise with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  9   ) then water will tend to flow into the lowest chamber of PTO  172 . And, when the embodiment tilts  183  in the opposite direction (counter-clockwise with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  9   ) then water will tend to flow into the lowest chamber of PTO  173  (i.e. into input pipes  177 ). And, water will tend to continuously run through and energize the water turbines of each PTO  172  and  173 . 
     Since most, if not all, directions of wave-induced tilting of the embodiment will tend to involve a component tilt in both of the embodiment&#39;s orthogonal vertical planes (passing through chambers of each of the four PTOs), i.e. in the planes exemplified by tilt arrows  182  and  183 , most tilting of sufficient degree and/or magnitude, and of sufficient duration, will tend to cause all four PTOs to lift water and generate electrical power. 
     The buoyant platform  174  is square in horizontal cross-section and has a flat bottom. 
       FIG.  10    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  9   . The embodiment includes a buoyant platform  174  and a deck  176  to which four power takeoffs (PTOs)  170 - 173  of the kind illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    are attached. Each PTO includes a water turbine  112 ,  179 ,  184  and  185 , respectively. Each water turbine is operably connected to a generator  113 ,  180 ,  186  and  187 , respectively. The PTO  171 , like each of the other PTOs, includes the same components, connections, and operational behaviors, as were described and explained in relation to  FIGS.  1 - 8   . 
       FIG.  11    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  9  and  10    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  10    and the section is taken across line  11 - 11 . Each full and sectioned power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  11    is labelled consistently with the exemplary PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . 
     The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, size, and/or volume of water-holding chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any arrangement: horizontal, vertical, and/or spatial, of water-holding chambers, including, but not limited to, the distances between chambers, vertically, horizontally, and/or spatially. The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, cross-sectional area, diameter, size, length, and/or volume of inter-chamber pipes, within the PTO and/or fluidly connecting any two chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which the flow of water through the inter-chamber pipes is directed, regulated, adjusted, and/or modified, including, but not limited to, any and every means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which water is compelled to flow in only a single direction, and/or only toward a respective receiving chamber. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which water is permitted to flow into an initial lowermost chamber, including inlet pipes and/or apertures that incorporate one-way valves to prevent water from flowing out of such an initial chamber after having flowed in. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which raised water is directed into, and/or permitted to enter, a water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or volume, of water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or rated power, of generator and/or alternator. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, system, module, and/or component, by which generated electrical power is stored. 
       FIG.  12    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment incorporates four  200 - 203  of the same power takeoffs (PTOs) illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . The illustrated embodiment is similar to the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  9 - 11   . However, whereas the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  9 - 11    raised water in response to tilting occurring with two orthogonal vertical planes, the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  12    raises water in response to tilting occurring with four vertical planes  204 - 207  each passing through a vertical longitudinal axis of the embodiment and in which each plane is offset from its neighboring planes by approximately 45 degrees. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  12    incorporates a buoyant platform  208  and partial enclosure that floats adjacent to the surface  209  of a body of water over which waves pass. Each of the embodiment&#39;s four PTOs  200 - 203  include a set of inlet pipes, e.g.,  210 , and a water turbine, e.g.,  211 . 
     The buoyant platform  208  is hexagonal in horizontal cross-section and has a flat bottom. 
       FIG.  13    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  12   . The embodiment includes a buoyant platform  208  and a deck  212  to which four power takeoffs (PTOs)  200 - 203  of the kind illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    are attached. Each PTO includes a set of water inlet pipes, e.g.,  210  and  213 , and a water turbine, e.g.,  211  and  214 . Each water turbine is operably connected to a generator, e.g.,  215 . The PTO  201 , like each of the other PTOs, includes the same components, connections, and operational behaviors, as were described and explained in relation to  FIGS.  1 - 8   . 
       FIG.  14    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  12  and  13    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  13    and the section is taken across line  14 - 14 . 
     The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, size, and/or volume of water-holding chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any arrangement: horizontal, vertical, and/or spatial, of water-holding chambers, including, but not limited to, the distances between chambers, vertically, horizontally, and/or spatially. The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, cross-sectional area, diameter, size, length, and/or volume of inter-chamber pipes, within the PTO and/or fluidly connecting any two chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which the flow of water through the inter-chamber pipes is directed, regulated, adjusted, and/or modified, including, but not limited to, any and every means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which water is compelled to flow in only a single direction, and/or only toward a respective receiving chamber. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which water is permitted to flow into an initial lowermost chamber, including inlet pipes and/or apertures that incorporate one-way valves to prevent water from flowing out of such an initial chamber after having flowed in. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which raised water is directed into, and/or permitted to enter, a water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or volume, of water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or rated power, of generator and/or alternator. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, system, module, and/or component, by which generated electrical power is stored. 
       FIG.  15    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The PTO illustrated in  FIG.  15    is identical to the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    except that whereas the PTO of  FIGS.  1 - 8    communicated water from one water-holding chamber to another through pipes, the PTO of  FIG.  15    communicates water from one water-holding chamber to another through “ramps”, funnels, and/or constricting channels. 
     The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. The illustration in  FIG.  15    includes a rectangular plane  230  (i.e. a “deck”) beneath the PTO that is nominally parallel to the resting surface of the body of water on which the embodiment of which the PTO is a part floats, and is provided to assist the reader in evaluating the relative heights of the water-holding chambers on the left and right sides of the PTO. 
     A water-holding chamber (i.e. “chamber”)  231  is fluidly connected to a plurality of inlet pipes and/or apertures  232  through which water may enter the chamber  231 . Chamber  231  is fluidly connected to chamber  232  by a ramp, funnel, and/or constricting channel  233  to another chamber  234 . Chamber  234  is higher than chamber  231  relative to the deck  230 . And water within chamber  231  would not tend to travel from that chamber to chamber  234  through ramp  233 , if the embodiment to which the PTO was attached was at rest and in a nominal orientation at the surface of a body of water, since the water would be required to flow uphill in order to do so. However, when a wave or other disturbance causes the embodiment to which the PTO is attached to tilt in a favorable direction, and for an adequate duration, then the tilting of ramp  233  allows water to flow from chamber  231  to chamber  234  in a gravitationally favored downhill manner. When the tilt facilitating the flow of water from chamber  231  to chamber  234  ends, then water deposited within chamber  234  tends to be trapped therein. 
     Chamber  234  is fluidly connected to chamber  235  by ramp  236 . During periods of favorable tilt, water will tend to flow through ramp  236  and thereafter to be deposited and/or trapped within chamber  235 . Chamber  235  is fluidly connected to chamber  237  by ramp  238 . During periods of favorable tilt, water will tend to flow through ramp  238  and thereafter to be deposited and/or trapped within chamber  237 . Likewise, chamber  237  is fluidly connected to chamber  239  by ramp  240 . During periods of favorable tilt, water will tend to flow through ramp  240  and thereafter to be deposited and/or trapped within chamber  239 . 
     Water deposited and/or trapped within chamber  239  then flows out of the chamber through outflow pipe  241  and into and through water turbine  242  thereby rotating the water turbine and the operably connected generator  243  rotor, and thereby generating electrical power. After passing through the water turbine  242 , the water flowing out of chamber  239  is released back to the environment around the embodiment through effluent pipe  244 . 
     Through successive, serial, and/or periodic, tilting in an appropriate and/or favorable direction, and for a sufficient duration, the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  15    will take water from the body of water on which its associated embodiment and/or buoyant platform floats and raise and/or elevate it through successive incremental steps and/or distances until it achieves a height, gravitational potential energy, and/or head pressure, defined by the height of chamber  239  above the body of water on which the embodiment floats, and/or above the water turbine  242 . After lifting the water to a desirable height, gravitational potential energy, and/or head pressure, the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  15    passes at least a portion of that water through a water turbine thereby causing a generator operably connected to the water turbine to generate electrical power. Other PTOs, incorporated within other embodiments, use the resulting height, gravitational potential energy, and/or head pressure, of the lifted water to perform other useful kinds of work, including, but not limited to: desalinating water, and extracting minerals from seawater. 
       FIG.  16    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  15   . 
       FIG.  17    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  15  and  16    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  16    and the section is taken across line  17 - 17 . 
     When subjected to a tilt of appropriate direction (clockwise with respect to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  17   ), magnitude, and duration, water may enter  245  the water-holding chamber  231  through inlet pipes  232 . When subjected to a tilt of a contrary direction (counter-clockwise with respect to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  17   ), magnitude, and duration, water may flow from chamber  231 , through constricted channel, and/or over ramp,  233 , and into chamber  234 . Water exiting ramp  233  does so from the mouth  246  of a distal ramp end (distal with respect to chamber  231 ) from which the water falls  247  into the receiving chamber  234 . 
     With respect to any degree of tilting, regardless of direction, that might reasonably be expected to be imparted to the PTO and its associated buoyant embodiment (not shown) by passing waves, the water that falls out of the distal end of the ramp  233  and into chamber  234  is thereafter unable to return to that ramp  233  and therethrough to chamber  231 . Such water is, with respect to any normal operational mode or motion unable to flow back down to the lower chamber from which it originated. 
     When subjected to a tilt of appropriate direction (clockwise with respect to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  17   ), magnitude, and duration, water held within chamber  234  may travel through ramp  236  and thereafter flow  248  out of the mouth  249  at the distal end of that ramp, thereby falling into, and being trapped within, chamber  235 . 
     When subjected to a tilt of appropriate direction (counter-clockwise with respect to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  17   ), magnitude, and duration, water held within chamber  235  may travel through ramp  238  and thereafter flow  250  out of the mouth  251  at the distal end of that ramp, thereby falling into, and being trapped within, chamber  237 . 
     When subjected to a tilt of appropriate direction (clockwise with respect to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  17   ), magnitude, and duration, water held within chamber  237  may travel through ramp  240  and thereafter flow  252  out of the mouth  253  at the distal end of that ramp, thereby falling into, and being trapped within, chamber  239 . 
     Water deposited within chamber  239  flows out of the chamber through pipe  241  and therethrough into and/or through water turbine  242 . Water flowing through water turbine  242  causes the operably connected generator  243  to generate electrical power. After flowing through water turbine  242 , the water flows through and out of effluent pipe  244  from which it returns to the body of water from which it originated, perhaps to again enter chamber  231  through inlet pipes  232 . 
     The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, size, and/or volume of water-holding chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any arrangement: horizontal, vertical, and/or spatial, of water-holding chambers, including, but not limited to, the distances between chambers, vertically, horizontally, and/or spatially. The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, cross-sectional area, diameter, size, length, and/or volume of inter-chamber pipes, within the PTO and/or fluidly connecting any two chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which the flow of water through the inter-chamber pipes is directed, regulated, adjusted, and/or modified, including, but not limited to, any and every means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which water is compelled to flow in only a single direction, and/or only toward a respective receiving chamber. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which water is permitted to flow into an initial chamber (e.g., chamber  231  in  FIG.  17   ), including inlet pipes and/or apertures that incorporate one-way valves to prevent water from flowing out of such an initial chamber after having flowed in. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which raised water is directed into, and/or permitted to enter, a water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or volume, of water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or rated power, of generator and/or alternator. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, system, module, and/or component, by which generated electrical power is stored. 
       FIG.  18    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  15 - 17    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  16    and the section is taken across line  18 - 18 . 
     In response to appropriate directions, magnitudes, and durations of tilting of the PTO (and its associated buoyant embodiment, not shown): 
     Water that flows  254  and/or enters chamber  231  through inlet pipes  232  becomes trapped within that chamber due to the height of the inlet pipes  232  relative to the bottom of the chamber  231 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  231  flows  257  “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) ramp  233  and thereafter flows  247  out of the mouth  246  at the distal end of the ramp  233 , thereby becoming trapped within chamber  234  due to the height of the inlet ramp&#39;s  233  mouth  246  relative to the bottom of the chamber  234 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  235  flows  258  “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) ramp  238  and thereafter flows  250  out of the mouth  251  at the distal end of the ramp  238 , thereby becoming trapped within chamber  237  due to the height of the inlet ramp&#39;s  238  mouth  251  relative to the bottom of the chamber  237 . 
     Water deposited and/or trapped (i.e. unable to flow backward) within chamber  239  flows  255  into and through pipe  241 , thereafter flowing into and through water turbine  242 , and thereafter flowing into, and through; and finally flowing  256  out of, effluent pipe  244 . 
       FIG.  19    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  15 - 18    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  16    and the section is taken across line  19 - 19 . 
     In response to appropriate directions, magnitudes, and durations of tilting of the PTO (and its associated buoyant embodiment, not shown): 
     Water that flows  254  and/or enters chamber  231  through inlet pipes  232  becomes trapped within that chamber due to the height of the inlet pipes  232  relative to the bottom of the chamber  231 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  234  flows  259  “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) ramp  236  and thereafter flows  248  out of the mouth  249  at the distal end of the ramp  236 , thereby becoming trapped within chamber  235  due to the height of the inlet ramp&#39;s  236  mouth  249  relative to the bottom of the chamber  235 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  237  flows  260  “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) ramp  240  and thereafter flows  252  out of the mouth  253  at the distal end of the ramp  240 , thereby becoming trapped within chamber  239  due to the height of the inlet ramp&#39;s  240  mouth  253  relative to the bottom of the chamber  239 . 
     Water deposited and/or trapped (i.e. unable to flow backward) within chamber  239  flows  255  into and through pipe  241 , thereafter flowing into and through water turbine  242 , and thereafter flowing into, and through; and finally flowing  256  out of, effluent pipe  244 . 
     Through successive tilts of a favorable magnitude and duration, and an alternating approximately contrary direction (e.g., alternating tilts of clockwise and counter-clockwise directions relative to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIGS.  15  and  17   ) water is incrementally raised to chambers of successively greater heights above the first chamber, and/or the surface of the body of water from which the raised water originates, until it reaches a height from which its increased height, gravitational potential energy, and/or head pressure, permits its passage through a water turbine to energize a generator operably connected to the water turbine, thereby indirectly converting the energy of the waves that tilt the PTO, and its associated embodiment (not shown), into a reservoir of water of increased gravitational potential energy, and thereafter into a rotational kinetic energy of a water turbine, and thereafter into electrical energy. 
     Because water raised to any particular chamber, height, and/or level, is unable to flow back into the chamber, and/or to the height or level from which it originated, the PTO extracts energy from wave-induced tilts when they are available and/or occur, and the potential energy of any partially raised water is preserved during any periods during which the wave climate is inadequate to achieve the angle, magnitude, and/or duration, of tilting required to further raise water. 
       FIG.  20    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. 
     The illustrated PTO is similar to the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . However, whereas the inter-chamber pipes ( 104 ,  106 ,  108  and  110 ) of the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    were open, unthrottled, and without valves, each inter-chamber pipe  280 - 283  of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  20    includes a one-way valve  284 - 287 , respectively, that permits water to flow in only a single direction (i.e. toward the respective receiving chamber). As a consequence of its incorporation of one-way valves, the inter-chamber pipes  280 - 283  of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  20    need not connect to a receiving chamber at an elevated, raised, and/or relatively high, position relative to the bottom of the receiving chamber. (Each inter-chamber pipe of the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8    connected to its respective receiving chamber at a position near the top of the receiving chamber, and/or at an approximately maximal height above the bottom of the receiving chamber, so as to inhibit or prevent water from flowing backward from the receiving chamber to the originating chamber.) 
     The illustration in  FIG.  20    includes a rectangular plane  288  (i.e. a “deck”) beneath the PTO that is nominally parallel to the resting surface of the body of water on which the embodiment of which the PTO is a part floats, and is provided to assist the reader in evaluating the relative heights of the water-holding chambers on the left and right sides of the PTO. 
     In response to appropriate directions, magnitudes, and durations of tilting of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  20    (and its associated buoyant embodiment, not shown): 
     Water flows into and/or enters chamber  289  through inlet pipes  290  and thereafter becomes trapped within that chamber due to the height of the inlet pipes  290  relative to the bottom of the chamber  289 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  289  flows “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) through one-way valve  284  and through inter-chamber pipe  280 . The distal (i.e. far from the originating chamber  289 ) end  291  of inter-chamber pipe  280  enters receiving chamber  292  and the water flowing through that pipe flows into chamber  292  at a position near the bottom of the chamber. Because of the one-way valve  284 , the water within chamber  292  is effectively trapped therein and unable to flow backward into chamber  289 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  292  flows “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) through one-way valve  285  and through inter-chamber pipe  281 . The distal (i.e. far from the originating chamber  292 ) end (not visible) of inter-chamber pipe  281  enters receiving chamber  293  and the water flowing through that pipe flows into chamber  293  at a position near the bottom of the chamber. Because of the one-way valve  285 , the water within chamber  293  is effectively trapped therein and unable to flow backward into chamber  292 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  293  flows “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) through one-way valve  286  and through inter-chamber pipe  282 . The distal (i.e. far from the originating chamber  293 ) end  294  of inter-chamber pipe  282  enters receiving chamber  295  and the water flowing through that pipe flows into chamber  295  at a position near the bottom of the chamber. Because of the one-way valve  286 , the water within chamber  295  is effectively trapped therein and unable to flow backward into chamber  293 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  295  flows “up” (which is “down” during periods of appropriate tilting) through one-way valve  287  and through inter-chamber pipe  283 . The distal (i.e. far from the originating chamber  295 ) end (not visible) of inter-chamber pipe  283  enters receiving chamber  296  and the water flowing through that pipe flows into chamber  296  at a position near the bottom of the chamber. Because of the one-way valve  287 , the water within chamber  296  is effectively trapped therein and unable to flow backward into chamber  295 . 
     Water trapped within chamber  296  is at a significantly raised height, elevation, and/or level, than the water that entered chamber  289  through inlet ports  290 . It therefore has a significantly greater gravitational potential energy and/or head pressure than when it began its progressive journey to chamber  296 . Water trapped within chamber  296  flows out of the chamber through pipe  297  and into and through water turbine  298 . The water flowing through water turbine  298  imparts energy to the generator  299  operably connected to the water turbine, thereby generating electrical power. After passing through the water turbine  298 , the water that flowed out of chamber  296  flows into and out of effluent pipe  300 , thereby returning to the body of water from which it originated, perhaps to again flow into chamber  289  and to again be raised to chamber  296 . 
     The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, size, and/or volume of water-holding chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any arrangement: horizontal, vertical, and/or spatial, of water-holding chambers, including, but not limited to, the distances between chambers, vertically, horizontally, and/or spatially. The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, cross-sectional area, diameter, size, length, and/or volume of inter-chamber pipes, within the PTO and/or fluidly connecting any two chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which the flow of water through the inter-chamber pipes is directed, regulated, adjusted, and/or modified, including, but not limited to, any and every means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which water is compelled to flow in only a single direction, and/or only toward a respective receiving chamber. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which water is permitted to flow into an initial chamber (e.g., chamber  289  in  FIG.  20   ), including inlet pipes and/or apertures that incorporate one-way valves to prevent water from flowing out of such an initial chamber after having flowed in. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which raised water is directed into, and/or permitted to enter, a water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or volume, of water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or rated power, of generator and/or alternator. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, system, module, and/or component, by which generated electrical power is stored. 
       FIG.  21    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  20   . Whereas the inter-chamber pipes, e.g. pipe  108 , of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  2    are seen to connect with, and/or enter, their respective receiving chambers, e.g. chamber  107 , at an elevated position (relatively high above the bottom of the respective receiving chambers), the corresponding inter-chamber pipes, e.g., pipe  282 , of the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  20  and  21    are seen to connect with, and/or enter, their respective receiving chambers, e.g. chamber  295 , at a relatively low position, e.g.,  294 , (relatively near the bottom of the respective receiving chambers). The reduced relative heights above the bottom of the receiving chambers at which the inter-chamber pipes of the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  20  and  21    connect with those respective receiving chambers offers the advantage that a smaller tilt angle can cause water to flow from the originating chamber, e.g.,  293 , to the relatively higher receiving chamber, e.g.,  295 , than the tilt angle required of the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   . 
       FIG.  22    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. Unlike the PTOs illustrated in  FIGS.  1 - 8   ,  FIGS.  9 - 11   ,  FIGS.  12 - 14   ,  FIGS.  15 - 19   , and  FIGS.  20 - 21   , the water-holding chambers of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  22    are adjacent to one another without any significant distance separating them from one another. An advantage of this PTO is that a tilts of favorable angles and sufficient magnitudes may achieve an uphill flow of water during a significantly shorter period of time, and the tilts that give rise to the uphill flow of water may therefore be of significantly shorter duration than those of the embodiments illustrated in the earlier figures. 
     In response to appropriate directions, magnitudes, and durations of tilting of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  22    (and its associated buoyant embodiment, not shown): 
     Water flows into and/or enters chamber  310  through inlet pipes  311 . Unlike the inlet pipes of the PTOs illustrated in the earlier figures, the inlet pipes of the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  22    include one-way valves which allow water to enter chamber  310  but do not allow it to leave that chamber. Because of the one-way valves that prevent backflow through the inlet pipes, water that enters chamber  310  through the inlet pipes tends to become trapped within that chamber. 
     Water trapped within chamber  310  flows into chamber  312  through one-way valves that span the wall(s) separating those chambers, the water thereby becoming trapped within chamber  312 , and therefore become trapped at an increased height, level, and/or elevation. 
     Water trapped within chamber  312  flows into chamber  313  through one-way valves that span the wall(s) separating those chambers, the water thereby becoming trapped within chamber  313 , and therefore become trapped at an increased height, level, and/or elevation. 
     Water trapped within chamber  313  flows into chamber  314  through one-way valves that span the wall(s) separating those chambers, the water thereby becoming trapped within chamber  314 , and therefore become trapped at an increased height, level, and/or elevation. 
     Water trapped within chamber  314  flows into chamber  315  through one-way valves that span the wall(s) separating those chambers, the water thereby becoming trapped within chamber  315 , and therefore become trapped at an increased height, level, and/or elevation. 
     And, water trapped within chamber  315  flows out of that chamber and into pipe  316 , and therethrough flows into and through water turbine  317 , thereby causing the generator  318  operably connected to water turbine  317  to generate electrical power. After engaging and flowing through the water turbine, the water flows into and out of effluent pipe  319  thereby escaping the PTO and nominally returning to body of water from which it originated, perhaps to re-enter chamber  310  through inlets  311  and repeat the wave-to-electrical power conversion cycle again. 
       FIG.  23    shows a perspective side sectional view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  22    plane wherein the vertical section plane passes through the center of each water-holding chamber and the water turbine. 
     When the surface of the body of water impinging upon the one-way inlet pipes  311  and valves  320  is higher than the surface of the water within chamber  310 , water flows  321  through the one-way inlet pipes  311  and valves  320 , enters chamber  310  and, as a consequence of the one-way valves preventing an out flow of water from the chamber, becomes trapped therein. 
     In response to a tilt of a favorable angle, e.g., within the section plane and in a counter-clockwise direction relative to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  23   , a sufficient magnitude, i.e. a sufficient angle within the section plane, and of sufficient duration, i.e. long enough for water to flow, water flows  322  from chamber  310  and flows  323  into chamber  312  by passing through one-way valves  324 . 
     In response to a tilt of a favorable angle, e.g., within the section plane and in a clockwise direction relative to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  23   , a sufficient magnitude, i.e. a sufficient angle within the section plane, and of sufficient duration, i.e. long enough for water to flow, water flows  325  from chamber  312  and flows  326  into chamber  313  by passing through one-way valves  327 . 
     In response to a tilt of a favorable angle, e.g., within the section plane and in a counter-clockwise direction relative to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  23   , a sufficient magnitude, i.e. a sufficient angle within the section plane, and of sufficient duration, i.e. long enough for water to flow, water flows  328  from chamber  313  and flows  329  into chamber  314  by passing through one-way valves  330 . 
     In response to a tilt of a favorable angle, e.g., within the section plane and in a clockwise direction relative to the PTO orientation illustrated in  FIG.  23   , a sufficient magnitude, i.e. a sufficient angle within the section plane, and of sufficient duration, i.e. long enough for water to flow, water flows  331  from chamber  314  and flows  332  into chamber  315  by passing through one-way valves  333 . 
     Water deposited within chamber  315  flows  334  into pipe  316  and therethrough into and through water turbine  317 . Water flowing out of the water turbine  317  flows into effluent pipe  319 , and thereafter flows  335  out of the lower mouth  319  of the effluent pipe, and thereby flows out of the PTO. In one embodiment, the effluent  335  flows back into the body of water on which the buoyant embodiment floats. In another embodiment, the effluent  335  flows into a tank, pool, and/or reservoir, from which the water that flows  321  into the inlet pipes  311  and chamber  310  is drawn. In another embodiment the chambers are separated from those chambers above (if any) and/or below (if any) by a gap and/or space. In another embodiment, the effluent pipe  319  connects directly to chamber  310  thereby depositing the effluent water into that chamber from which it will repeat, and/or begin again, the pattern of incremental lateral and upward flows that will again deposit it within chamber  315 . 
     The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, size, and/or volume of water-holding chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any arrangement: horizontal, vertical, and/or spatial, of water-holding chambers, including, but not limited to, the distances between chambers, vertically, horizontally, and/or spatially. The scope of the present invention includes any number, shape, cross-sectional area, diameter, and/or size, of inter-chamber apertures and/or one-way valves, within the PTO, its walls, and/or fluidly connecting any two chambers. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which the flow of water through the inter-chamber pipes is directed, regulated, adjusted, and/or modified, including, but not limited to, any and every means, mechanism, device, and/or component, by which water is compelled to flow in only a single direction, and/or only toward a respective receiving chamber. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which water is permitted to flow into an initial chamber (e.g., chamber  289  in  FIG.  20   ), including inlet pipes and/or apertures that incorporate one-way valves to prevent water from flowing out of such an initial chamber after having flowed in. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, pipe, aperture, and/or component, by which raised water is directed into, and/or permitted to enter, a water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or volume, of water turbine. The scope of the present invention includes any type, design, variety, size, and/or rated power, of generator and/or alternator. The scope of the present invention includes any means, mechanism, device, system, module, and/or component, by which generated electrical power is stored. 
       FIG.  24    shows a perspective side view of a pair of water-holding chambers  350  and  351  that constitute an element of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The PTO of which the illustrated element is a part would typically be mounted to a buoyant platform and when floating adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water and that buoyant platform, and the PTO attached to it, would respond to waves passing beneath the embodiment by tilting. 
     Water-holding chamber  350  is at a lower height within the PTO of which it is a part. In a resting embodiment that is not moving, chamber  350  is at a lesser height above the surface of the body of water on which the embodiment floats, and/or is at a greater depth below that surface, than is chamber  351 . Water will not spontaneously flow from chamber  350  to chamber  351  except in response to a tilt of a favorable direction, i.e. a tilt that raises chamber  350  and/or lowers chamber  351 , sufficient magnitude, i.e. a tilt big enough to cause chamber  351  to be partially or fully below chamber  350  relative to their heights above the mean height of the surface of the body of water, and of sufficient duration, i.e. long enough to allow water to flow over the distance that separates chambers  350  and  351 . 
     Chamber  350  is fluidly connected to chamber  351  by inter-chamber pipe  352 . Inter-chamber pipe  352  connects to chamber  350  near its lowermost chamber wall. Inter-chamber pipe  352  connects to chamber  351  near its uppermost chamber wall. Because of the low connection point of inter-chamber pipe  352  to chamber  350 , water from within chamber  350  will tend to immediately flow into that pipe with the chamber and pipe are subjected to a favorable tilt. Because of the high connection point of inter-chamber pipe  352  to chamber  351 , water that flows into chamber  351  from chamber  350  will tend to be trapped within chamber  351  and unable to flow back into pipe  352  and back to chamber  350 . 
     Inter-chamber pipe  352  follows a circumferential path from an outer wall (a wall furthest from the center about which chambers  350  and  351  are arrayed) of chamber  350  to an outer wall of chamber  351 . 
       FIG.  25    shows a top-down view of the same pair of water-holding chambers  350  and  351  illustrated in  FIG.  24   . 
       FIG.  26    shows a side sectional view of the same pair of water-holding chambers  350  and  351  illustrated in  FIGS.  24  and  25    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  25    and the section is taken across line  26 - 26 . 
     Relative to a resting, and/or nominally oriented embodiment and PTO, chamber  351  is positioned at a greater height  355  than is chamber  350 . And, inter-chamber pipe  352  connects to chamber  350  at a relatively bottom-most position  353  while connecting to chamber  351  at a relatively upper-most position  354 . When the PTO of which the illustrated pair of water-holding chambers are a part must tilt to an angle  356  then, if there is water within chamber  350  and there is room to accommodate additional water within chamber  351 , water to flow from chamber  350  to chamber  351  through pipe  352 . However, water will also flow if, when, and for as long as, the tilt of the associated PTO and embodiment reaches or exceeds the lesser angle characteristic of a line intersecting an upper surface of the water within chamber  350  and the aperture  354  through which inter-chamber pipe  352  connects with chamber  351 . 
       FIG.  27    shows a perspective side view of a pair of water-holding chambers  350  and  357  that constitute an element of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The PTO of which the illustrated element is a part would typically be mounted to a buoyant platform and when floating adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water and that buoyant platform, and the PTO attached to it, would respond to waves passing beneath the embodiment by tilting. 
     Whereas chamber  350  was fluidly connected to chamber  351  by an inter-chamber pipe  352  that followed a circumferential path outside and adjacent to a circular boundary that passes through the outer walls of chambers  350  and  351 , the water-holding chambers  350  and  357  are fluidly connected to one another by an inter-chamber pipe  358  that follows a circumferential path inside and adjacent to a circular boundary that passes through the inner walls of chambers  350  and  357 . As was the case for the inter-chamber pipe  352  that permits water to flow from chamber  350  to chamber  351 , the inter-chamber pipe  358  is connected to chamber  350  at a low position  359 , adjacent to a lower and/or bottom wall of chamber  350 ; and it is connected to chamber  357  at a high position  360 , adjacent to an upper and/or top wall of chamber  357 —thus water that has flowed from chamber  350  into chamber  357  will be unlikely or unable to flow back into inter-chamber pipe  358  and therethrough back to chamber  350 . 
       FIG.  28    shows a top-down view of the same pair of water-holding chambers  350  and  357  illustrated in  FIG.  27   . 
       FIG.  29    shows a side sectional view of the same pair of water-holding chambers  350  and  357  illustrated in  FIGS.  27  and  28    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  28    and the section is taken across line  29 - 29 . 
     Relative to a resting, and/or nominally oriented embodiment and PTO, chamber  357  is positioned at a greater height  361  than is chamber  350 . And, inter-chamber pipe  358  connects to chamber  350  at a relatively bottom-most position  359  while connecting to chamber  357  at a relatively upper-most position  360 . When the PTO of which the illustrated pair of water-holding chambers are a part must tilt to an angle  362  then, if there is water within chamber  350  and there is room to accommodate additional water within chamber  357 , water to flow from chamber  350  to chamber  357  through pipe  358 . However, water will also flow if, when, and for as long as, the tilt of the associated PTO and embodiment reaches or exceeds the lesser angle characteristic of a line intersecting an upper surface of the water within chamber  350  and the aperture  360  through which inter-chamber pipe  358  connects with chamber  357 . 
       FIG.  30    shows a perspective side view of the same three inter-connected water-holding chambers  350 ,  351 , and  357 , that are illustrated as separate pairs of chambers in  FIGS.  24 - 26    and  FIGS.  27 - 29   . The three inter-connected chambers and their respective inter-chamber pipes constitute an element of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The PTO of which the illustrated element is a part would typically be mounted to a buoyant platform and when floating adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water and that buoyant platform, and the PTO attached to it, would respond to waves passing beneath the embodiment by tilting. 
     Upper chambers  351  and  357  are at approximately the same height above, and/or vertical distance from, lower chamber  350 . In response to a wave-induced tilting of the PTO configuration illustrated in  FIG.  30    of favorable direction, magnitude, and duration, water will tend to flow from chamber  350  to chamber  351  through inter-chamber pipe  352 , and simultaneously flow from chamber  350  to chamber  357  through inter-chamber pipe  358 . 
       FIG.  31    shows a perspective side view of the same three inter-connected water-holding chambers  350 ,  351 , and  357 , that are illustrated in  FIG.  30   . Note that chambers  351  and  357  are at a greater height and/or elevation than is chamber  350 . And, because of this, water will only tend to flow from chamber  350  to chambers  351  and  357  in response to a wave-induced tilt of the PTO of a favorable angle, sufficient magnitude, and sufficient duration. 
       FIG.  32    shows a perspective side view of two levels of water-holding chambers arrayed in concentric circular patterns about a common vertical longitudinal axis. Eight chambers, e.g.,  350  and  363 , on the lower level, i.e. the level that would be characterized by the least height (the least positive height or the greatest negative height) relative to the resting surface of a body of water on which a power takeoff (PTO) comprised in part of the chambers and an attached buoyant platform might float, are rotationally and/or angularly offset by approximately one-half the width of a chamber from eight chambers, e.g.,  351 ,  357 , and  364 , on an upper that would be characterized by a greater height than those of the lower level. Chamber  350  of the lower level, and chambers  351  and  357  of the upper level, have the same relative spatial orientations, placements, separation distances, and positions, as illustrated in  FIGS.  24 - 31   . 
       FIG.  33    shows a perspective side view of the same two levels of water-holding chambers illustrated in  FIG.  32   . However, in  FIG.  33   , those chambers have been interconnected in the manner illustrated in  FIGS.  24 - 31   . 
     Each of the eight chambers, e.g. chamber  350 , on the lower level is connected to a pair of adjacent chambers, e.g., chambers  351  and  357  respectively, on the upper level. One connection of each chamber on the lower level, e.g., chamber  350 , is established through an outer circumferential inter-chamber pipe, e.g., pipe  352 . And, the other connection of each chamber on the lower level, e.g., chamber  350 , is by way of an inner circumferential inter-chamber pipe, e.g., pipe  358 . 
       FIG.  34    shows a top-down view of the same two levels of inter-connected water-holding chambers illustrated in  FIG.  33   . 
       FIG.  35    shows a side sectional view of the same two levels of inter-connected water-holding chambers illustrated in  FIGS.  33  and  34   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  34    and the section is taken across line  35 - 35 . 
       FIG.  36    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. 
     The PTO illustrated in  FIG.  36    is comprised of nine levels of water-holding chambers similar to the two levels of water-holding chambers illustrated in  FIGS.  32 - 35   . Each chamber on the first and/or lowest eight levels is fluidly connected to two chambers on the next highest level radially positioned approximately opposite each respective lower-level chamber. Each chamber on the first and/or lowest eight levels is fluidly connected to a first of two radially-opposing chambers on the next highest level by a circumferential inter-chamber pipe positioned outside the concentric levels of radially-positioned chambers. And, each chamber on the first and/or lowest eight levels is fluidly connected to a second of two radially-opposing chambers on the next highest level by a circumferential inter-chamber pipe positioned inside the concentric levels of radially-positioned chambers. 
     The relationship of each chamber on each of the first and/or lowest eight levels of the PTO to the chambers on the respective next highest levels, and the inter-connections between the chambers on each level of the PTO to the chambers on the adjacent levels of the PTO is the same as illustrated in  FIGS.  33  and  35   . 
     Each water-holding chamber, e.g.,  370 , in the lowest-level of the PTO, includes an inlet pipe, e.g.,  371 , through which water may flow  372  into each respective lowest-level chamber, from which a succession of favorable tilts, of adequate magnitude and duration, may raise that water from chamber to chamber, and from level to level, through the circumferential array of inter-chamber pipes, some wrapping around the outside the cylindrical array of chambers, e.g.,  373 , and some wrapping around the inside of the cylindrical array of chambers, e.g.,  374 , that connect each chamber within the PTO to at least one other chamber on a different level, until the water is deposited within a chamber in the uppermost level of the PTO, e.g.  375 - 377 . 
     Each water-holding chamber, e.g.,  375 - 377 , at the uppermost level of the PTO, includes a pipe, e.g.,  378 , through which water may flow out of the respective upper chamber and therethrough flow into and through a water turbine, e.g.,  379 , thereby imparting energy to a respective operably connected generator, e.g.,  380 . Water flowing out of each water turbine id directed into a respective effluent pipe, e.g.,  381 , through and from which it flows  382  out of the PTO. In one embodiment, the water flowing out of the embodiment&#39;s PTO flows back into the body of water on which the embodiment floats and from which the water entering the chambers on the lowest level of the PTO is drawn. In another embodiment, the water flowing out of the embodiment&#39;s PTO flows into a reservoir and thereafter tends to reenter a chamber on the lowest level of the PTO and repeat the cycle of flows that will again raise it to the upper level and again deposit it into a chamber on the upper level from which it will again energize a water turbine and an operably connected generator. 
     While the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  36    contains nine levels of chambers, the scope of the present invention includes PTOs with any number of levels. And, while the chambers of each level within the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  36    are concentric about a common vertical longitudinal axis of the PTO, and are positioned at the same relative height with respect to the base of the PTO, the scope of the present invention includes PTOs with any positional arrangement of chambers within a level, and with any vertical offsets of chambers within any particular level. The scope of the present invention includes PTOs with any number of chambers in a level, any number of levels of chambers, any radial separation of the chambers within a level, any spatial orientation, spacing, separations, and/or arrangement, of chambers within a level and/or within a PTO. The scope of the present invention includes PTOs with chambers of any size, chambers of differing sizes, chambers of any volume, and chambers of differing volumes. The scope of the present invention includes PTOs with chambers inter-connecting with any number of other chambers on different levels of the PTO and/or on the same level of the PTO. The scope of the present invention includes PTOs in which any particular chamber within the PTO is connected to any other chamber on the same or a different level by any number of pipes. The scope of the present invention includes PTOs in which any particular chamber within the PTO is connected to any other chamber on the same or a different level by one or more pipes containing, incorporating, and/or utilizing, any mechanism, manner, means, device, and/or valve, to regulate, control, adjust, direct, and/or alter, the pattern of flow within the pipe(s), including, but not limited to, the creation of one-way flows. 
     The scope of the present invention includes PTOs with any arrangement of inter-chamber pipes, any number of such pipes, any pipe diameters, any pipe cross-sectional areas, any pipe lengths, any pipe shapes, and any pipe couplings. 
       FIG.  37    shows a side sectional view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  36   , wherein the vertical section plane passes through a central vertical longitudinal axis of approximate radial symmetry. 
       FIG.  38    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment of the present disclosure that incorporates the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  36  and  37   . 
     The approximately cylindrical PTO  383  is positioned within, and attached to, an approximately cylindrical buoy  384 , buoyant structure, flotation module, vessel, and/or float. The embodiment incorporating the PTO  383  floats adjacent to an upper surface  385  of a body of water over which waves tend to pass. The waves buffet the embodiment, thereby causing the PTO  383  within the embodiment to tilt in a variety of directions, for a variety of durations, and thereby tending to cause the water within the PTO to be progressively and/or incrementally lifted until it spills out and through the PTO&#39;s water turbines, thereby generating electrical power. 
       FIG.  39    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  38   . 
     Water that flows into the water turbines through pipes, e.g.,  378 , and flows through the respective water turbines, e.g.,  379 , is subsequently discharged from the effluent pipes of those water turbines and deposited into a water reservoir  386  between the exterior of the power takeoff (PTO)  383  and the inner wall of the cavity within the buoy  384  within which the PTO is positioned. Water within the reservoir  386  flows into the PTO&#39;s inlet apertures, e.g.,  371 , and is again lifted through the PTO&#39;s water-holding chambers, in response to wave-induced tilting, until it is again released from the PTO&#39;s upper level and directed through one of the PTO&#39;s water turbines to again generate electrical power. 
     The water (or other fluid) that flows through the PTO is repeatedly deposited into the embodiment&#39;s water reservoir  386  and therefrom repeatedly recycled and/or recirculated through the PTO. 
       FIG.  40    shows a side perspective sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  38  and  39    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  39    and the section is taken across line  40 - 40 . After its discharge ( 382  in  FIG.  37   ) from a water turbine&#39;s effluent tube ( 381  in  FIG.  37   ), water accumulates and is stored in the embodiment&#39;s water reservoir  386 , until it again enters ( 372  in  FIG.  37   ) an inlet aperture ( 371  in  FIG.  37   ), is again lifted within the PTO, and is again discharged from a water turbine&#39;s effluent tube. 
       FIG.  41    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. 
     Although not required for its manufacture or operation, the PTO illustrated in  FIG.  41    is comprised of a number of interleaved outer and inner layers. The six outer layers  400 - 405  are stacked with adjacent upper and lower surfaces. They are arrayed so as to be coaxial about a common vertical longitudinal axis, that is also an axis of approximate radial symmetry. Between each pair of adjacent outer layers is interleaved an inner layer (not visible) which is also positioned so as to be coaxial about the same common vertical longitudinal axis about which the outer layers are arrayed. 
     The bottommost outer layer  400  includes eight inlet apertures, e.g.,  406 , each of which is defined by a respective structural frame, e.g.,  407 , through which water flows  408  into an annular reservoir (not visible) of the bottommost layer. 
     A tilting motion of the PTO, and the embodiment to which it is attached, of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, causes a portion of the water in the annular reservoir of the bottommost outer layer  400  to flow into a reservoir at the center of the adjacent and bottommost inner layer (not visible) that is positioned between outer layers  400  and  401 . Successive tilting motions of the PTO, and the embodiment to which it is attached, of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, cause water to rise by flowing from annular reservoirs (in outer layers) to central reservoirs (in interleaved inner layers), and then from central reservoirs to annular reservoirs. 
     After a sufficient number of sufficient tilting motions, water reaches the annular reservoir of the uppermost layer  405  from which it flows into one of two turbine reservoirs  409  and  410 , and therefrom into and through two effluent pipes  411  and  412 . In one embodiment, water exiting the effluent pipes, e.g.,  413 , flows back into the body of water on which the embodiment floats, and from which water flows, e.g.,  408 , into the PTO. In another embodiment, water exiting the effluent pipes, e.g.,  413 , flows into a reservoir of water external to the PTO, but internal to the embodiment of which it is a part, and water flowing, e.g.,  408 , into the PTO is drawn from that same reservoir, thereby making the PTO, with respect to its water, a closed and/or recirculating system. 
     Within each effluent tube  411  and  412  is a respective water turbine (not visible) that is operably connected to a respective generator  414  and  415  by a respective shaft  416  and  417 . The interleaved arrays of outer and inner layers, and their respective annular and central reservoirs, are covered by an upper surface  418  that, at least partially, e.g., from above, separates the PTO&#39;s internal reservoirs from the atmosphere and/or from the rest of the embodiment. The bottommost outer layer  400  contains inlet apertures, e.g.,  406 , but is otherwise also, at least partially, separated from the ambient environment and/or from the rest of the embodiment. In one embodiment, water enters, e.g.,  408 , the PTO through an inlet aperture, e.g.,  406 , and leaves, e.g.,  413 , through an effluent tube  411  and  412 , but is otherwise trapped within the PTO. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, and included PTOs, in which the PTOs are similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41    and are comprised of any number of outer layers (including a single outer layer), and for which the number of inner layers is approximately equal to the number of outer layers. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, and included PTOs, in which the PTOs are similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   , and are of any shape, size, width, diameter, horizontal cross-sectional shape and/or area, height, vertical cross-sectional shape and/or area, internal total volume, average annular reservoir volume, total annular reservoir volume, average central reservoir volume, and/or total central reservoir volume. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, and included PTOs, in which the PTOs are similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   , and are fabricated, in whole or in part, of any material, including, but not limited to: steel, aluminum, titanium, cement, any cementitious material, plastic, fiberglass, carbon fiber, and/or any fibrous material. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, and included PTOs, in which the PTOs are similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   , and are fabricated, in whole or in part, by means of, through the use of, and/or through the execution of, any process, technique, protocol, methodology, and/or tool, including, but not limited to: 3D printing (e.g., of metal, plastic, and/or cement), the assembly of pre-fabricated parts, and/or a production line. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, and included PTOs, in which the PTOs are similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   , and utilize, in whole or in part, any fluid and/or type of fluid, including, but not limited to: water, seawater, ammonia, liquid hydrogen, liquid air, liquid nitrogen, brine solution(s), carbon compounds, hydrocarbons, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, gasoline, diesel, fossil fuel(s), and/or oil. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, and included PTOs, in which the PTOs are similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   , and utilize, in whole or in part, any gas (through which the operational fluid, e.g. water, flows), including, but not limited to: air, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane, and/or ethane. 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments including any number of PTOs similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
     The scope of the present invention includes embodiments, containing one or more PTOs similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  41   , that utilize, in whole or in part, any type, design, shape, size, volume, density, and/or number, of flotation modules, elements, components, and/or parts, including, but not limited to those that are, in whole or in part, at least approximately: spherical, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, puck shaped, cubical, rectangular, and/or spar buoys. 
       FIG.  42    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  41   . 
       FIG.  43    shows a top-down view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41  and  42   . 
       FIG.  44    shows a side sectional view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 43    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  43    and the section is taken across line  44 - 44 . 
     Water from outside the PTO enters  408  the PTO through one of the eight inlet apertures, e.g.,  406 , positioned near its base, and within its bottommost outer layer ( 400  in  FIG.  41   ). In response to a tilt of the PTO of favorable direction, magnitude, and duration, water flowing  408  in through an inlet aperture, e.g.,  406 , flows  419  up one of the PTO&#39;s eight annular ramps, e.g.,  420 , each of which allows water to flow from the annular reservoir of an outer layer toward the center of the PTO. A “waterfall edge” (i.e., an edge of an upper surface, such as a ramp, that is raised relative to an adjacent lower surface, and/or void, such that a fluid flowing from the upper surface and over the waterfall edge will tend to fall and/or flow downward onto the lower surface) at the end of an annular ramp, e.g.,  421 , tends to cause water flowing, e.g.,  422 , toward the end  421  of the ramp to “fall over” the ramp&#39;s edge  421  and fall  423  into, and become trapped within, a reservoir  424  at the center of the bottommost inner layer. So, in response to a tilt of the PTO of favorable direction, magnitude, and duration, water flowing in through an inlet aperture tends to flow up and down into a reservoir at the center of the PTO, the elevation and/or height of which is greater than that of the inlet aperture. 
     In response to a tilt of the PTO of favorable direction, magnitude, and duration, water trapped within the central reservoir  424  of the bottommost inner layer flows, e.g.,  425 , up a ramp, e.g.,  426 , and over its waterfall edge, thereby falling into the annular reservoir, e.g.,  427 , of the next highest outer layer ( 401  in  FIG.  41   ). 
     Likewise, and in serial fashion, in response to tilts of the PTO of favorable directions, magnitudes, and durations, water flows: 
     from annular reservoir  427  up ramp  428  toward the waterfall edge at its centermost edge until it approaches  429  and falls over  430  that edge into the central reservoir  431  of the second (from the bottom) inner layer; 
     from central reservoir  431  up  432  and over waterfall edge  433  thereby falling into the annular reservoir  434  of the third (from the bottom) outer layer ( 402  in  FIG.  41   ); 
     from annular reservoir  434  up ramp  435  toward the waterfall edge at its centermost edge until it approaches  436  and falls over  437  that edge into the central reservoir  438  of the third (from the bottom) inner layer; 
     from central reservoir  438  up  439  and over waterfall edge  440  thereby falling into the annular reservoir  441  of the fourth (from the bottom) outer layer ( 403  in  FIG.  41   ); 
     from annular reservoir  441  up ramp  442  toward the waterfall edge at its centermost edge until it approaches  443  and falls over  444  that edge into the central reservoir  445  of the fourth (from the bottom) inner layer; 
     from central reservoir  445  up  446  and over waterfall edge  447  thereby falling into the annular reservoir  448  of the fifth (from the bottom) outer layer ( 404  in  FIG.  41   ); 
     from annular reservoir  448  up ramp  449  toward the waterfall edge  450  at its centermost edge until it approaches  451  and falls over  452  that edge into the central reservoir  453  of the fifth (from the bottom) inner layer; and, 
     from central reservoir  453  up  454  and over waterfall edge  455  thereby falling  457  into the annular reservoir  456  of the sixth and uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ). 
     Water deposited into, and/or trapped within, the annular reservoir  456  of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ) is then directed into one of two turbine reservoirs, e.g.,  410 , where that water  458  then flows  413  into, and through, effluent tube  411  wherein it flows through, energizes, and causes to rotate, a water turbine  459 , which, in turn, causes the operably connected generator  414  to generate electrical power. After passing through the water turbine  459 , water flowing through effluent tube  411  exits  413  through a mouth  460  at the bottom end of the effluent tube  411 . 
       FIG.  45    shows a top-down view of the structure of which the bottommost outer layer ( 400  in  FIG.  41   ) is comprised. The structural component illustrated in  FIG.  45    is shown separate from the other inner and outer layers of the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 44   . The layer is comprised of eight inlet apertures, e.g.,  406  and  461 . A vertical inlet dividing wall, e.g.,  462 - 464 , divides the water entering each inlet aperture. Each inlet dividing wall likewise divides the layer&#39;s  400  annular reservoir into eight segments, e.g.,  465 - 467 . Water entering, e.g.,  408 A, the layer&#39;s annular reservoir to one side of an inlet aperture&#39;s dividing wall, e.g.,  463 , is added to one reservoir segment, e.g.,  467 , while water entering, e.g.,  408 B, to the other side of the inlet aperture&#39;s dividing wall, e.g.,  463 , is added to an adjacent reservoir segment, e.g.,  466 . 
     The layer&#39;s annular reservoir is fluidly connected to eight annular ramps, e.g.,  468 - 470 , that permit water within the annular reservoir&#39;s eight annular reservoir segments, e.g.,  465 - 467 , to flow up and into a central reservoir of an inner layer when that reservoir is positioned beneath the waterfall and/or centermost ends, e.g.,  471 , of the annular ramps. The water within any particular segment, e.g.,  467 , of the layer&#39;s annular reservoir is able to flow up either of two respective fluidly connected ramps, e.g.,  469  and  470 . For instance, water entering  472  inlet aperture  461  below inlet aperture dividing wall  464  will flow into annular reservoir segment  467  and from there will be able to flow up either of annular ramps  469  or  470 . Likewise, water entering  408 A inlet aperture  406 A above inlet aperture dividing wall  463  will also flow into annular reservoir segment  467  and from there will also be able to flow up either of annular ramps  469  or  470 . 
     Adjacent segments, e.g.,  465  and  466 , of the layer&#39;s annular reservoir are not completely separated. In response to a particular motion of the layer  400 , the PTO of which it is a part, and/or the embodiment of which the PTO is a part, can send water from one segment, e.g.,  466 , up and around  473  an inlet aperture dividing wall, e.g.,  462 , and into an adjacent segment, e.g.,  465 , of the annular reservoir. 
     Each annular ramp, e.g.,  469 , is bounded, bordered, and/or constrained, by a respective pair of lateral walls, e.g.,  474  and  475 . Between each pair of adjacent annular ramps, e.g.,  468  and  469 , is a sloping bottom wall, e.g.,  476 , that shares the same up-tilted surface(s) of which the annular ramps are comprised. An open portion  477  of the bottom wall at the center of the layer provides space into which the central reservoir of an inner layer can fit and/or be placed. The bottom surface of such a positioned inner layer will block the centermost edge, e.g.,  478 , of each inter-annular-ramp portion of each segment of the annular reservoir. 
       FIG.  46    shows a perspective side view of the same bottommost outer layer ( 400  in  FIG.  41   ) illustrated in  FIG.  45   . 
       FIG.  47    shows a top-down view of the structure of which each of the power takeoff&#39;s (PTO&#39;s) five inner layers is comprised. The structural component illustrated in  FIG.  47    is shown separate from the other inner and outer layers of the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 46   . 
     Each inner layer is comprised of an approximately flat central reservoir  479  at the base of an approximately frustoconical and/or upwardly inclined radial array of eight ramps, e.g.,  480 . Each central ramp, e.g.,  480 , is bounded, defined, and/or constrained, by a respective pair of lateral walls, e.g.,  481  and  482 . Water contained, constrained, and/or pooled, within the layer&#39;s central reservoir  479 , can, e.g., in response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, flow away from the reservoir&#39;s center and radially outward up one of the central ramps, e.g.,  480 . At the distal end of each central ramp, e.g.,  480 , is a “waterfall” edge, e.g.,  483 . When positioned within the complete, multi-layer PTO, water flowing over the distal waterfall edge of a central ramp, tends to fall into, and become trapped within, an annular reservoir, and/or a segment thereof (e.g.,  467  in  FIGS.  45  and  46   ). 
     Between the central reservoir  479  and the upwardly inclined surfaces of which the central ramps, e.g.,  480 , are in part comprised there may be a discernable bend and/or fold  484  that delineates their junction. 
     Between each pair of adjacent central ramps, e.g.,  480  and  485 , is an unwalled edge, e.g.,  486 . The bottom of an upwardly inclined annular ramp (e.g.,  470  of  FIGS.  45  and  46   ) of an outer layer abuts each inter-central-ramp edge, e.g.,  486 , thereby preventing the flow of water across those edges, and otherwise trapping water within the respective central reservoir  479 . 
     In a similar embodiment, the central reservoir  479  is concave, e.g., with a downward depression, thereby comprising an approximately bowl-shaped cavity in which water may be held until induced to flow by a tilt of favorable direction and sufficient magnitude and duration. 
       FIG.  48    shows a perspective side view of the same inner layer illustrated in  FIG.  47   . 
       FIG.  49    shows a top-down view of the structure of which each of the power takeoff&#39;s (PTO&#39;s) four middle outer layers ( 401 - 404  in  FIG.  41   ) is comprised. The structural component illustrated in  FIG.  49    is shown separate from the other inner and outer layers of the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 48   . The illustrated outer layer structure differs from the bottommost outer layer ( 400  in  FIG.  41   ), which is adapted to allow water to enter the PTO, and the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ), which is adapted to divert water from its annular reservoir into two turbine reservoirs. 
     An approximately flat-bottomed annular ring is divided into eight radial segments, e.g.,  487 - 489 , by eight interposed radially-oriented walls, e.g.,  490  and  491 . Straddling each dividing wall is an annular ramp, e.g.,  492  and  493 . Each of dividing wall, e.g.,  491 , extends up its respective annular ramp, e.g.,  493 , a short distance, however, in response to a tilt, especially an incomplete tilt, and/or an anomalous pattern of water flow within the annular reservoir, water can flow from one annular reservoir segment, e.g., from  488 , to the neighboring segment, e.g., to  489 , by flowing up and around the intervening dividing wall, e.g.,  491 . In general, each dividing wall, e.g.,  491 , directs water from each of the adjacent annular reservoir segments, e.g.,  488  and  489 , on either side to flow into and up the respective annular ramp, e.g.,  493 . 
     Each annular ramp has a bottom surface that is upwardly inclined. The seam and/or junction, e.g.,  494 , at which each upwardly inclined annular ramp, e.g.,  492 , is connected to its respective pair of approximately flat-bottomed annular reservoir segments, e.g.,  487  and  488 , is indicated by a circular line, e.g.,  494 , and/or fold at the distal end of each ramp. At the innermost edge, e.g.,  495 , of each annular reservoir segment, e.g.,  489 , and positioned between each segment&#39;s connected pair of annular ramps, e.g.,  493  and  496 , is a wall, e.g.,  495 , that is shorter than the lateral walls, e.g.,  497  and  498 , of the adjacent annular ramps, e.g.,  493  and  496 . The top of this shorter annular reservoir wall, e.g.,  495 , abuts with the bottom of a central ramp (e.g.,  480  of  FIGS.  47  and  48   ) of an inner layer immediately below the illustrated outer layer. 
     At the side of each annular ramp, e.g.,  492 , is a side wall, e.g.,  499  and  500 , that constrains and guides water flowing up (or, in response to a favorable tilt, down) the respective annular ramp, e.g.,  492 . At the centermost end of each annular ramp, e.g.,  492 , is a waterfall edge, e.g.,  501 , over which water flows off of the annular ramp and falls into the central reservoir of an inner layer immediately below the respective outer layer. 
     Around the outer perimeter of each outer layer is a circular wall  502  that prevents the leakage of water from the layer&#39;s annular reservoir, and/or the segments, e.g.,  487 - 489 , thereof. 
       FIG.  50    shows a perspective side view of the same outer layer illustrated in  FIG.  49   . 
       FIG.  51    shows a top-down view of the power takeoff&#39;s (PTO&#39;s) uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ). The outer layer illustrated in  FIG.  51    is shown separate from the other inner and outer layers of the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 50   . The illustrated uppermost outer layer structure differs from the intermediate outer layers ( 401 - 404  in  FIG.  41   ), in that it is adapted to divert water from its annular reservoir, the last stage in the tilt-induced lifting of water within the PTO, into two turbine reservoirs  409  and  410 . 
     The uppermost outer layer illustrated in  FIG.  51    is, in order to promote understanding, shown without its upper surface, ceiling, wall, and/or top, which isolates, at least in part, the water within the PTO from the environment. 
     The uppermost outer layer&#39;s annular reservoir is defined, and water therein is trapped and/or constrained, in part by bottom surfaces  504 / 505 , and a side wall  503 . The uppermost outer layer&#39;s annular reservoir is divided into two segments,  504  and  505 . These two annular reservoir segments are divided, and/or separated from one another, by two dividing walls  506  and  507 . 
     Water deposited into either segment of the annular reservoir  504 / 505  is diverted, e.g., in response to a tilt-induced flow of water about the annular reservoir, into turbine reservoir  508 , located within turbine reservoir enclosure  409 , by dividing wall  506 , and into turbine reservoir  509 , located within turbine reservoir enclosure  410 , by dividing wall  507 . 
     Water within turbine reservoir  508  flows down through an effluent tube (not visible,  412  in  FIG.  41   ) thereby engaging and energizing a water turbine (not visible) therein, and causing generator  415 , which is operably connected to the water turbine, to generate electrical power. Likewise, water within turbine reservoir  509  flows down through an effluent tube (not visible,  411  in  FIG.  41   ) thereby engaging and energizing a water turbine (not visible,  459  in  FIG.  44   ) therein, and causing generator  414 , which is operably connected to the water turbine, to generate electrical power. 
     Because it is the uppermost outer layer, the illustrated outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ) does not have annular ramps to further elevate water within its annular reservoir  504 / 505 . Instead it has innermost side walls, e.g.,  510 , that extend up to its upper and/or top wall (not shown). As is the case for the intermediate outer layers, the uppermost upper layer illustrated in  FIG.  51   , has short walls, e.g.,  511  (and  495  in  FIG.  49   ), at those portions of the inner edge of its annular reservoir that would otherwise be between annular ramps. The short inner walls of the annular reservoir abut the bottom surfaces of the corresponding central ramps that, within the PTO, lift water from the central reservoir of the inner layer within the PTO that is positioned immediately below the illustrated uppermost outer layer. 
       FIG.  52    shows a perspective top-down view of the same uppermost outer layer illustrated in  FIG.  51   . 
       FIG.  53    shows a top-down sectional view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 44   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  42    and the section is taken across line  53 - 53 . 
     The section illustrated in  FIG.  53    shows the inside of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ) as well as the inner layer immediately below. In response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, water held in the annular reservoir  512  of the outer layer ( 404  in  FIG.  41   ) immediately below and adjacent to the uppermost outer layer will flow  513  up (which because of the tilt is actually “down”) annular ramp  514  until it flows  515  over the waterfall edge, e.g.,  515  of annular ramp  516 , at the central end of ramp  514 , thereby falling down and into the central reservoir  479  of the uppermost inner layer that is positioned immediately above the outer layer ( 404  in  FIG.  41   ) immediately below and adjacent to the uppermost outer layer, and immediately below the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ). 
     In response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, water held in the central reservoir  479  of the uppermost inner layer flows  518  up (which because of the tilt is actually “down”) central ramp  519  until it flows  520  over the waterfall edge  521  of that central ramp  519 , thereby falling into the annular reservoir segment  505  of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  if  FIG.  41   ). Likewise, in response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, (perhaps the same favorable tilt causing water to flow up central ramp  519 ) water held in the central reservoir  479  of the uppermost inner layer flows up central ramp  527  until it flows over the waterfall edge at the distal and/or outermost end of that central ramp, thereby falling into the annular reservoir segment  505  of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  if  FIG.  41   ). 
     In response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, water deposited into annular reservoir segment  505  flows  522  in a counterclockwise direction (relative to the orientation of the illustration in  FIG.  53   ), guided and/or constrained by the lateral reservoir walls  503  and  512 , until it is obstructed by radial dividing wall  507  after which it flows  522  over a waterfall edge  523  into the turbine reservoir  509  within the turbine reservoir wall  410 . Water within the turbine reservoir  509  flows into and down effluent pipe  411  thereby imparting rotational kinetic energy and/or a torque to the water turbine ( 459  in  FIG.  44   ) therein, thereby causing the attached turbine shaft  416  to rotate, and thereby causing an operably connected generator ( 414  in  FIG.  41   ) to generate electrical power. 
     In response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, water deposited into annular reservoir segment  505  flows  524  in a clockwise direction (relative to the orientation of the illustration in  FIG.  53   ), guided and/or constrained by the lateral reservoir walls  503  and  512 , until it is obstructed by radial dividing wall  506  after which it flows  525  over a waterfall edge  526  into the turbine reservoir  508  within the turbine reservoir wall  409 . Water within the turbine reservoir  508  flows into and down effluent pipe  412  thereby imparting rotational kinetic energy and/or a torque to a water turbine therein, thereby causing an attached turbine shaft  417  to rotate, and thereby causing an operably connected generator ( 415  in  FIG.  41   ) to generate electrical power. 
     Similarly, in response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, water held in the central reservoir  479  of the uppermost inner layer flows up at least one of central ramps  528 - 534  until it flows over the waterfall edges of those central ramps, thereby falling into the annular reservoir segment  504  of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  if  FIG.  41   ). And, in response to a tilt of favorable direction, and sufficient magnitude and duration, water deposited into annular reservoir segment  504  flows within the annular reservoir segment  504 , guided and/or constrained by the lateral reservoir walls  503  and  512 , until it is obstructed by either or both radial dividing walls  506  and  507  after which it flows into one or both of the turbine reservoirs  508  and  509 , thereby resulting in the generation of electrical power. 
     Vertically aligned with the annular reservoir dividing walls, e.g.,  506 , are the annular reservoir dividing walls, e.g.,  534 , of the outer layer ( 404  in  FIG.  41   ) below and adjacent to the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ), that extend a distance up their respective annular ramps, e.g.,  535 . 
       FIG.  55    shows a side view of a schematic/functional illustration of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 54   . The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. 
     The base and/or bottom surface  536  of the PTO corresponds to the bottom of the bottommost outer layer ( 400  in  FIG.  41   ) of the PTO. When the PTO, and the floating embodiment to which it is attached, are tilted  537 , in response to a wave passing across the surface of the body of water on which the embodiment (not shown) to which the PTO is attached, the orientation of the PTO is altered and rotated through an angle  537  from the horizontal (e.g., from the resting surface of the body of water)  538 . 
     In response to the illustrated tilt of the PTO, the annular reservoir segments  539 - 544  of the PTO&#39;s six outer levels ( 400 - 405  in  FIG.  41   ) are lifted and/or elevated relative to the central reservoirs  548 - 552 . Because the angle  537  of the tilt exceeds the angle  545  of each annular ramp originating at each respective elevated annular reservoir segment  539 - 543 , water held, deposited, and/or trapped, within each elevated annular segment  539 - 543  flows, e.g.,  546 , “up” (which, with respect to gravity is “down” due to the tilt  537 ) each segment&#39;s respective annular ramp, and over each annular ramp&#39;s respective waterfall edge, e.g.,  547 , thereby falling down and into the respective central reservoir  548 - 552  immediately adjacent to, and “above” (which, with respect to the tilt  537  is actually “below”), each respective outer layer&#39;s elevated annular reservoir segment  539 - 543 . 
     Each of the boxes  548 - 552  at the center of the PTO illustration in  FIG.  55    represents the central reservoir of each of the PTO&#39;s inner layers. Note that the height  553  of the bottom  554  of the bottommost central reservoir  548  (where “height” is relative to an axis normal to the bottom  536  of the bottommost outer layer,  400  in  FIG.  41   , of the PTO), is greater than the height  555  of the bottom  556  of the bottommost annular reservoir  539 . And, for the purposes of illustration and explanation, the height of each annular reservoir is the same and is equal to the height of each central reservoir. 
     In response to the illustrated tilt of the PTO, the central reservoirs  548 - 552  of the PTO&#39;s five inner levels are lifted and/or elevated relative to the annular reservoir segments  557 - 562  of the PTO&#39;s six outer levels ( 400 - 405  in  FIG.  41   ). Because the angle  537  of the tilt exceeds the angle  563  of each central ramp originating at each respective elevated central reservoir  548 - 552 , water held, deposited, and/or trapped, within each elevated central reservoir  548 - 552  flows, e.g.,  564 , “up” (which, with respect to gravity is “down” due to the tilt  537 ) each central reservoir&#39;s respective central ramp, and over each central ramp&#39;s respective waterfall edge, e.g.,  565 , thereby falling down and into the respective annular reservoir segment  558 - 562  immediately adjacent to, and “above” (which, with respect to the tilt  537  is actually “below”), each respective inner layer&#39;s elevated central reservoir  548 - 552 . 
     Water trapped, deposited, and/or held, within the annular reservoir segment  562  of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ) flows  566  into and through a turbine reservoir and then into and/or through a water turbine  567  that is operably connected to a generator that generates electrical power in response to the flow. The water discharged from the water turbine flows  568  out through an effluent pipe. 
     In response to the illustrated tilt of the PTO, at least one inlet aperture is at least partially submerged, and water flows  569  into the at least partially submerged annular reservoir segment  557 . 
     In one embodiment, the water discharged  568  from the effluent pipe flows back into the body of water on which the PTO&#39;s embodiment (not shown) floats, and water from the body of water enters  569  annular reservoir segment  557 . In another embodiment, the water discharged  568  from the effluent pipe flows into a reservoir outside the PTO, and water from that reservoir enters  569  annular reservoir segment  557 . 
     If the magnitude of the tilt, the duration the tilt, or a combination of both, is sufficient, then water flowing from the elevated annular reservoir segments, e.g.,  539 , will flow into a respective central reservoir, e.g.,  548 , and at least a portion of that water will continue flowing from that respective central reservoir into the lowered respective annular reservoir segment, e.g.,  558 . 
     In other words, in response to a minimally sufficient tilt, water will flow from an annular reservoir segment into a corresponding central reservoir, or, water will flow from a central reservoir into a corresponding annular reservoir segment, such that the water circulating within the PTO will tend to be elevated by one-half “step” (if a “step” is regarded as the height of each annular reservoir segment and each central reservoir) in response to the tilt. However, in response to an abundantly sufficient tilt, water will flow from an annular reservoir segment to an approximately opposing annular reservoir segment (by means of an intermediate central reservoir), such that the water circulating within the PTO will tend to be elevated by full “step” in response to the tilt. 
       FIG.  56    shows a side view of a schematic/functional illustration of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 54   , and the same schematic illustrated in  FIG.  55   . However, in  FIG.  56   , the direction of the tilt  570  is approximately opposite that of the tilt  537  illustrated in  FIG.  55   . 
     The base and/or bottom surface  536  of the PTO corresponds to the bottom of the bottommost outer layer ( 400  in  FIG.  41   ) of the PTO. When the PTO, and the floating embodiment to which it is attached, are tilted  570 , in response to a wave passing across the surface of the body of water on which the embodiment (not shown) to which the PTO is attached, the orientation of the PTO is altered and rotated through an angle  570  from the horizontal (e.g., from the resting surface of the body of water)  538 . 
     In response to the illustrated tilt  570  of the PTO, the annular reservoir segments  557 - 562  of the PTO&#39;s six outer levels ( 400 - 405  in  FIG.  41   ) are lifted and/or elevated relative to the central reservoirs  548 - 552 . Because the angle  570  of the tilt exceeds the angle  571  of each annular ramp originating at each respective elevated annular reservoir segment  557 - 561 , water held, deposited, and/or trapped, within each elevated annular segment  557 - 561  flows, e.g.,  572 , “up” (which, with respect to gravity is “down” due to the tilt  570 ) each segment&#39;s respective annular ramp, and over each annular ramp&#39;s respective waterfall edge, e.g.,  573 , thereby falling down and into the respective central reservoir  548 - 552  immediately adjacent to, and “above” (which, with respect to the tilt  570  is actually “below”), each respective outer layer&#39;s elevated annular reservoir segment  557 - 561 . 
     In response to the illustrated tilt of the PTO, the central reservoirs  548 - 552  of the PTO&#39;s five inner levels are lifted and/or elevated relative to the annular reservoir segments  539 - 544  of the PTO&#39;s six outer levels ( 400 - 405  in  FIG.  41   ). Because the angle  570  of the tilt exceeds the angle  574  of each central ramp originating at each respective elevated central reservoir  548 - 552 , water held, deposited, and/or trapped, within each elevated central reservoir  548 - 552  flows, e.g.,  575 , “up” (which, with respect to gravity is “down” due to the tilt  570 ) each central reservoir&#39;s respective central ramp, and over each central ramp&#39;s respective waterfall edge, e.g.,  576 , thereby falling down and into the respective annular reservoir segment  540 - 544  immediately adjacent to, and “above” (which, with respect to the tilt  570  is actually “below”), each respective inner layer&#39;s elevated central reservoir  548 - 552 . 
     Water trapped, deposited, and/or held, within the annular reservoir segment  544  of the uppermost outer layer ( 405  in  FIG.  41   ) flows  577  into and through a turbine reservoir and then into and/or through a water turbine  578  that is operably connected to a generator that generates electrical power in response to the flow. The water discharged from the water turbine flows  579  out through an effluent pipe. 
     In response to the illustrated tilt of the PTO, at least one inlet aperture is at least partially submerged, and water flows  580  into the at least partially submerged annular reservoir segment  539 . 
     In one embodiment, the water discharged  579  from the effluent pipe flows back into the body of water on which the PTO&#39;s embodiment (not shown) floats, and water from the body of water enters  580  annular reservoir segment  539 . In another embodiment, the water discharged  579  from the effluent pipe flows into a reservoir outside the PTO, and water from that reservoir enters  580  annular reservoir segment  539 . 
     If an embodiment similar to the one illustrated schematically in  FIGS.  55  and  56    draws in water from the body of water on which the embodiment to which the PTO is attached, then in response to tilt  570  water would not flow  569  into annular reservoir segment  557  in response to that tilt. However, if an embodiment similar to the one illustrated schematically in  FIGS.  55  and  53    draws in water from a reservoir outside and/or around the base of the PTO, then in response to tilt  570  water might still flow  569  into annular reservoir segment  557  from that reservoir. 
     If the magnitude of the tilt, the duration the tilt, or a combination of both, is sufficient, then water flowing from the elevated annular reservoir segments, e.g.,  561 , will flow into a respective central reservoir, e.g.,  552 , and at least a portion of that water will continue flowing from that respective central reservoir  552  into the lowered respective annular reservoir segment, e.g.,  544 . 
     In other words, in response to a minimally sufficient tilt, water will flow from an annular reservoir segment into a corresponding central reservoir, or, water will flow from a central reservoir into a corresponding annular reservoir segment, such that the water circulating within the PTO will tend to be elevated by one-half “step” (if a “step” is regarded as the height of each annular reservoir segment and each central reservoir) in response to the tilt. However, in response to an abundantly sufficient tilt, water will flow from an annular reservoir segment to an approximately opposing annular reservoir segment (by means of an intermediate central reservoir), such that the water circulating within the PTO will tend to be elevated by full “step” in response to the tilt. 
       FIG.  57    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment of the present disclosure that incorporates the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 54   , and discussed in relation to  FIGS.  55  and  56   . The embodiment&#39;s PTO  581  is positioned at the center of a buoy  582 , flotation module, buoyant structure, vessel, and/or float, and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface  583  of a body of water over which waves tend to pass. 
       FIG.  58    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  57   . 
     A water reservoir  584  is positioned between the outer walls of the embodiment&#39;s power takeoff (PTO)  581  and the inner walls of a cavity, depression, enclosure, and/or hole, within the embodiment&#39;s buoy  582 . Water flows into the PTO through the PTO&#39;s inlet apertures, e.g.,  406 , and is elevated through outer and inner layers of the PTO in response and/or as a consequence of wave-induced tilting. Water that has been raised to the highest annular reservoir within the PTO then flows into and through water turbines positioned below, and operably connected to, generators, e.g.,  415 , that generate electrical power in response to the water flowing through them. The water discharged from the water turbines flows back into the water reservoir  584  from which it was originally drawn, obtained, and/or taken. 
     The water (or other fluid) that flows through the PTO is repeatedly deposited into the embodiment&#39;s water reservoir  584  and therefrom repeatedly recycled and/or recirculated through the PTO. 
       FIG.  59    shows a side perspective sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  57  and  58    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  58    and the section is taken across line  59 - 59 . Water at the highest annular reservoir of the embodiment&#39;s power takeoff (PTO)  581  flows through a turbine pipe, e.g.,  411 , and therethrough a water turbine, e.g.,  459 , that is operably connected to a generator, e.g.,  414 . After its discharge from the water turbine&#39;s effluent tube, e.g., at mouth  460 , water is deposited into, accumulates and is stored within, the embodiment&#39;s water reservoir  584 , until it again enters an inlet aperture, e.g.,  406 , and is again lifted within the PTO, and is again discharged from a water turbine&#39;s effluent tube. 
       FIG.  60    shows a perspective side view of a power takeoff (PTO) characteristic of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The full embodiment of which the illustrated PTO is a part includes a flotation platform (not shown) to which the illustrated PTO is attached and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass. 
     The PTO  600  has a side cylindrically-shaped outer wall  601 , a flat upper wall  602 , and a flat bottom wall (not visible). Thus the PTO is sealed, enclosed, and/or contained within, an outer shell  601 / 602 . 
     Wave-induced tilting of the illustrated PTO results in water (or another fluid) flowing from a reservoir inside the PTO up a spiral ramp (not visible) until it achieves a maximal elevation, height, and/or head pressure, relative to the reservoir from which it originated. The PTO&#39;s spiral ramp is partially partitioned by tangentially-oriented vertical walls (not visible) that tend to prevent the backflow of water. Water elevated to a height near the maximum possible height of the PTO&#39;s spiral water-lifting ramp falls into a turbine reservoir (not visible). And, water within the turbine reservoir flows through, energizes, and causes to rotate, a water turbine (not visible) which is operably connected to a generator  603  by a shaft  604 , thereby causing the generator to generate electrical power. 
       FIG.  61    shows a side view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  60   . The PTO  600  has a solid bottom wall  605 . 
       FIG.  62    shows a top-down view of the same power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  60  and  61   . 
       FIG.  63    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  60 - 62    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  62    and the section is taken across line  63 - 63 . 
     Inside the PTO&#39;s  600  canister  601 / 602 / 605  is a continuous spiral ramp  606 . When the PTO tilts, e.g., in response to wave motion buffeting the embodiment of which the PTO is a component, then water flows in an approximately circular motion and/or path and flows up the spiral, travelling from the spiral&#39;s bottom (near the bottom  605 ) to the top (near the top  607  of the PTO&#39;s central cylindrical tube  608 ). When water reaches the top of the spiral, it tends to spill over the edge of the upper mouth  607  of the PTO&#39;s central cylindrical tube  608 , thereby tending to create a reservoir of water within that tube, a “turbine reservoir”. Water accumulated within the PTO&#39;s turbine reservoir  608  flows down and into a constricted portion  609  and/or throat of the tube. Water flowing through the central tube&#39;s throat  609  flows through, energizes, and causes to rotate, a water turbine  610  positioned therein. Rotations of the water turbine  610  are communicated to the turbine&#39;s shaft  604  which is operably connected to a generator  603 . Thus, water flowing down through the PTO&#39;s central cylindrical tube  608  causes generator  603  to generate electrical power. 
     A portion of the energy imparted by waves to the embodiment of which the PTO is a part is captured as an increase in the gravitational potential energy of water within the PTO as water is incrementally lifted through its motion about the PTO&#39;s spiral ramp  606 . At the top of the PTO&#39;s spiral ramp, the raised water falls into the turbine reservoir  608 , vessel, reservoir, and/or pool, after which its gravitational potential energy is manifested as head pressure that drives the water through water turbine  610  thereby converting the gravitational potential energy of the water in the turbine reservoir into electrical power. 
     Water discharged from the water turbine  610  flows into the base  611  of the PTO&#39;s central cylindrical tube  608  where apertures, e.g.,  612 , allow the discharged turbine water to flow back into the base of the spiral ramp, and thereby flow up the spiral ramp again as wave-induced tilting of the PTO, and the embodiment of which it is a part, incrementally lift the water higher and higher. 
     A set of vertical walls, e.g.,  613 , tend to trap water during those moments when tilting is not favorable to its further flow up the spiral ramp, and until favorable tilting resumes. In addition to vertical walls oriented approximately tangentially to the PTO&#39;s central cylindrical tube  608 , the spiraling surface of which the spiral ramp  606  is comprised is lower at its outer edge than at the edge proximate to the central tube. 
     A vertical section through the longitudinal axis about which the spiral ramp is wound (as illustrated in  FIG.  63   ) shows ramps for which the vertical ramp section is not normal to that longitudinal axis. Instead, the vertical ramp sections are oriented to the spiral ramps longitudinal axis at an angle away from normal such that the distal and/or outer end of each ramp section is closer to the PTO&#39;s base  605  than is the point at which each ramp section is connected to the PTO&#39;s central cylindrical tube  608 . In the illustrated PTO the downward angle of each ramp is approximately 3 degrees relative to a normal from the vertical longitudinal axis about which the spiral ramp is wound. 
     The scope of the present invention includes PTOs with spiral ramps wherein a vertical section through the longitudinal axis about which the spiral ramp is wound would be characterized by ramps for which the vertical ramp section is normal to that longitudinal axis. 
     The scope of the present invention includes PTOs with spiral ramps characterized by any spiral ramp angle. 
       FIG.  64    shows the same side sectional view illustrated in  FIG.  63    from a perspective view. If viewed from the top, water flows through the PTO in a counterclockwise direction. So, in response to a favorable tilting of the PTO, water flowing up the PTO&#39;s spiral ramp  606  will impact diverting wall  613  and thereby be directed further up the ramp. In the absence of such diverting walls, water would still flow up the spiral ramp  606 , but would then tend to flow back down when the favorable tilt causing its flow changed direction or stopped. Theoretically, a tilt manifested as a precession of the PTO about a vertical axis normal to the resting surface of the body of water on which the PTO, and the embodiment of which it is a part, float could cause water to flow up the spiral ramp  606 , and to be deposited within the turbine reservoir  608 , without any diverting walls to prevent backflow. 
       FIG.  65    shows a top-down sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  60 - 64    wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  60    and the section is taken across line  65 - 65 . 
     The spiral ramp ascends in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the orientation of the illustration in  FIG.  65   . The spiral ramp  606  ends at tangential diverting wall  615 . Upward spiraling water that encounters diverting wall  615  is further obstructed by a radial wall  616 . The eight tangential diverting walls  613 ,  615 , and  617 - 622 , extend from the bottom wall ( 605  in  FIG.  61   ) of the PTO up to the top wall ( 602  in  FIG.  61   ). However, radial wall  616  extends only from the uppermost end of the spiral to the top wall. 
     Water ascending the spiral ramp  606  must flow in a circular fashion between the innermost ends of the of the diverting walls and the outer wall of the central cylindrical tube  607 . 
     In response to a favorable tilt, e.g., of direction  623 , water flows  624  out from under the uppermost end  625  and/or level of the PTO&#39;s spiral ramp in the gap between the inner vertical edge of diverting wall  615  and the central tube  614 . Because of the water&#39;s direction of flow (e.g., approximately parallel to the direction  623  of the tilt), and because the outer edges and/or ends of the spiral ramps are lower than the inner edges and/or ends, the water flowing in response to a favorable tilt of direction  623 , will be diverted into spiral reservoir  626  where the downward radial angle of the ramp and the opposing diverting walls  617  and  613  will effectively if not perfectly trap the water until another tilt of favorable direction moves the water further up the spiral. 
     In response to a favorable tilt, e.g., of direction  627 , water trapped within spiral reservoir  628  flows  629  out of the reservoir, around the central tube  607 , and into spiral reservoir  630 . Another favorable tilt, e.g. in the direction of  623 , causes the water trapped within spiral reservoir  630  to flow  631  against the diverting wall  622 , and in a direction tangential to the central tube  607 , until the flowing water is obstructed by radial wall  616  which causes it to spill over and into the central cylindrical tube and turbine reservoir  608 . Water within the turbine reservoir  608  then flows down to, and through, the water turbine  610  positioned within the constricted throat of the central tube  608 , thereby causing the operably connected generator ( 603  in  FIG.  61   ) to generate electrical power. 
       FIG.  66    shows the same top-down sectional view illustrated in  FIG.  65    from a perspective view. 
       FIG.  67    shows a perspective side view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  60 - 66   . In  FIG.  67    the cylindrical side wall ( 601  in  FIG.  60   ) and the top wall ( 602  in  FIG.  60   ) have been removed and/or omitted for the purpose of illustration. Except for the removal of those walls, the configuration of the power takeoff (PTO) in  FIG.  67    is identical to the one illustrated in  FIG.  60   . 
     Water discharged from the PTO&#39;s water turbine and/or turbine reservoir flows out and into the lowest level(s) of the PTO&#39;s spiral ramp  606 , i.e., those portions of the ramp adjacent or near to the PTO&#39;s bottom wall  605 . 
     As water is incrementally lifted up the spiral ramp through wave-induced tilting of the PTO, the water eventually flows out of aperture  625  and will thereafter either spontaneously spill over the ever shortening upper lip (e.g., the lip is relatively near the ramp surface at  614 , but at  607  is approximately flush with the ramp surface) of the mouth at the top of the turbine reservoir  608 , or it will be directed into that mouth by radial wall  616  if it completes another rotation about the spiral after emerging from aperture  625 . 
       FIG.  68    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment of the present disclosure that incorporates the power takeoff (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  60 - 67   . The embodiment&#39;s PTO  600  is positioned at the center of a buoy  632 , flotation module, buoyant structure, vessel, and/or float, and the embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface  633  of a body of water over which waves tend to pass. 
       FIG.  69    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  68   . Between the power takeoff (PTO)  600  and the enclosing buoy  632  is a gap which exists primarily for the purpose of illustration. An embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  69    has no such gap. 
       FIG.  70    shows a side perspective sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  68  and  69    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  69    and the section is taken across line  70 - 70 . Upon reaching the uppermost level of the spiral ramp of the PTO  600 , water falls into the turbine reservoir within the PTO&#39;s central tube and thereafter flows down and through a water turbine therein. After being discharged by the water turbine, water flows down and back onto the lowest level(s) of the PTO&#39;s spiral ramp, after which it will again ascend to the top of the turbine reservoir—repeating this cycle endlessly. 
     In an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  68 - 70   , a void, chamber, vessel, enclosure, and/or tank, of water ballast is positioned in a bottom portion of the embodiment&#39;s buoy  632 . 
       FIG.  71    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  650  of the present disclosure that incorporates a plurality of the type of power takeoff (PTO) disclosed herein. The embodiment floats adjacent to an upper surface  651  of a body of water over which waves tend to pass. Each hexagonal columnar structure, e.g.,  652 - 654 , is a PTO of one of the types disclosed herein. The embodiment may incorporate a variety of different PTOs, PTOs of different sizes, PTOs of different rated electrical power levels, PTOs fabricated of different materials, PTOs converting the energy of waves into electrical power by means of different operating fluids, PTOs which draw water from the body of water  651  and PTOs that recycle an operating fluid within a closed system. 
     The illustrated multi-PTO embodiment  650  incorporates an energy-consuming processing module  655 , system, factory, mechanism, and/or device, and therein or therethrough utilizes at least a portion of the electrical power that it produces to process a material, extract a material, execute computations, generate an energy-storing chemical, and/or recharge an energy-storing material, system, battery, capacitor, or other energy-storage system. 
     The embodiment includes an input chamber  656 , vessel, enclosure, and/or structure, within which raw materials, feedstock, ingredients, and/or other substances, are stored until needed by the processing module  655 , after which they are transmitted, communicated, delivered, transferred, and/or provided, to the processing module. 
     The embodiment includes two output chambers  657  and  658 , vessels, enclosures, and/or structures, within which are stored processed products produced, at least in part, by the processing module  655 . 
     In one embodiment  650 , at least one of the output vessels stores liquefied hydrogen, and the input vessel includes replacement electrolyzers to facilitate the generation of hydrogen from seawater. 
     In another embodiment  650 , at least one of the output vessels stores liquefied ammonia, and the input vessel includes devices that separate atmospheric nitrogen from the air. 
     In another embodiment  650 , at least one of the output vessels includes memory storage devices that store computational problems received by the embodiment from radio transmissions (or other sources), and/or the results of computations performed by the computational circuits within the processing module until the time that those results, or a portion thereof, can be transmitted to a remote computer by radio transmissions (or by other communications channels and/or methods). 
     In another embodiment  650 , at least one of the PTOs, e.g.,  652 , does not convert the gravitational potential energy of the water it lifts into electrical energy. Instead it uses that potential energy to desalinate water. 
     In another embodiment  650 , at least one of the PTOs, e.g.,  652 , does not convert the gravitational potential energy of the water it lifts into electrical energy. Instead it uses that potential energy to extract a mineral from the seawater on which the embodiment floats. 
       FIG.  72    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  700  of the present disclosure. A compartment, enclosure, and/or chamber  701 , contains a wave-energized diode pump similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  15 - 19    which utilizes reservoirs connected to ramps, and/or inclined channels, over and/or through which, in response to wave-induced tilting of the diode pump, water flows back and forth between opposing reservoirs at ever increasing relative heights thereby progressively and/or incrementally gaining gravitational potential energy. 
     Water that has flowed through the diode pump and reached the top of the pump is thereafter directed into a channel (not visible) containing a water turbine (not visible) rotatably connected to a generator  702 . The water flowing down through the turbine channel engages and/or energizes the water turbine thereby imparting rotational kinetic energy and/or rotational torque to the generator  702  and thereby generating electrical power. 
     The illustrated embodiment  700  is sealed and the water contained therein is lifted by wave action through the diode pump to a maximal height after which it flows through the embodiment&#39;s water turbine, thereby generating electrical power. After flowing through the water turbine, the water within the illustrated embodiment flows back into the diode pump and is again, and repeatedly, raised to the top of the pump in response to continued wave action. 
     The diode pump  701  of the illustrated embodiment is rigidly connected to a plurality of diode hinge elements, e.g.,  703 , which rotate about a shaft  704  and/or axle that rotatably connects the diode hinge elements, e.g.,  703 , to a corresponding and/or complementary plurality of base hinge elements, e.g.,  705 . The base hinge elements, e.g.,  705 , are rigidly attached to a base  706  and/or platform that is typically attached to, and/or resting upon, the ground, e.g., the seafloor, at the base of the body of water in which the embodiment  700  is typically deployed. 
     The illustrated embodiment  700  is a closed system and recycles and/or recirculates the water that its diode pump raises. Another embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  72    receives water from the body of water in which the embodiment is deployed, e.g., from the sea, and after that water has been raised and subsequently directed to flow through the embodiment&#39;s water turbine, is returned to that body of water, e.g., to the sea. Another embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  72    also receives water from the body of water in which it is deployed utilizes the gravitational potential energy of the water raised by the embodiment&#39;s diode pump in order to generate pressurized water that is subsequently desalinated, e.g., by a membrane assembly within the embodiment. And another embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  72    which receives water from the body of water in which it is deployed utilizes the gravitational potential energy of the water raised by the embodiment&#39;s diode pump in order to extract minerals from the water thereby pressurized. 
     An embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  72    also contains an apparatus that performs useful work using a portion of the electrical power generated by the embodiment&#39;s generator  702 . One such embodiment contains computing devices that perform computational tasks it receives from a remote, e.g., a shore-based, computer and/or computing network, e.g., via a subsea cable or via satellite, and which return computational results to a remote computer and/or computing network, e.g., via a subsea cable or via satellite. 
     An embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  72    utilizes a working fluid of ammonia instead of water. 
     Because the diode pump  701  within the embodiment of  FIG.  72    contains a working fluid and air (or other gas, e.g., nitrogen or ammonia), the embodiment tends to be buoyant. A buoyant embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  72    is connected to the ground, e.g., the seafloor, at the base of the body of water in which the embodiment  700  is deployed, by a plurality of flexible connectors, e.g., chains, ropes, steel cables, linkages, cables comprised of carbon fiber, etc., one end of which are connected to a bottom surface and/or portion of the diode pump  701 , and the other end of which are connected to a base (such as  706 ), a platform, a plurality of pylons, and/or other connectors to the ground. The chains tend to keep the buoyant embodiment connected to the ground, e.g. to the seafloor, while allowing the diode pump  701  to tilt and/or rock back and forth in response to wave action. 
     The generator  702  of the illustrated embodiment  700  is positioned outside and above the enclosure  701  housing the embodiment&#39;s diode pump. However, the scope of the disclosure includes any number of generators, any type(s) of generator(s), any position of a generator within the embodiment, e.g., within the diode pump housing  701 , any type, shape, design, and/or position of enclosure about the generator. 
       FIG.  73    shows a front side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  72   . 
     The illustrated embodiment  700  is deployed within a body of water  707  and rests on the ground  708 , e.g. the seafloor, beneath the body of water  707 . 
     The diode pump  701  of the embodiment  700  is encased and/or enclosed within outer walls, including a topmost wall  709 , a bottommost wall  710 , and side walls  701 . The generator  702  is rotatably connected to the water turbine (not visible) by a shaft  711 . 
       FIG.  74    shows a right-side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72  and  73   . 
     At the back of the diode pump enclosure  701  is an upper receiving chamber  712  into which water flows after reaching and being deposited into the upper most reservoir of the diode pump. Water within the upper receiving chamber  712  flows into turbine tube  713  in which a water turbine (not visible) is positioned. Water flows down through the turbine tube  713 , and through the water turbine therein, thereby imparting energy to the water turbine and therethrough to the rotatably connected generator  702 , thereby generating electrical power. After flowing through the water turbine, water down through the turbine tube  713  flows into the lower receiving chamber  714  and then back into the lower most reservoir of the diode pump. 
     An embodiment is typically deployed in an orientation that places its hinge axle  704  parallel to the dominant and/or typical wave front, and/or normal to the dominant and/or typical wave direction. In such an orientation, the diode pump will tend to tilt with a maximal amplitude and/or degree and will therefore tend to operate with maximal efficiency, i.e., it will tend to lift water up through the diode at a maximal rate of flow. 
       FIG.  75    shows a back-side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 74   . 
       FIG.  76    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 75   . The diode pump enclosure  701  has an upper enclosure wall  709 . 
       FIG.  77    shows a side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 76   . In the illustration of  FIG.  77   , the embodiment&#39;s upper portion (i.e., the diode hinge elements, e.g.,  703 , the pump diode  701 , the turbine manifold  712 - 714 , and the generator  702 ) responds to the passage of a wave across the surface  707  of the body of water in which it is deployed, by swaying, tilting, and/or rotating  715 , about its rotational shaft  704  from an initial position and/or orientation at  700 L, to a new position and/or orientation at  700 R (i.e. the wave is traveling from left to right with respect to the illustration). As it rotates, water within the diode pump  701  flows from a plurality of leftmost reservoirs (not visible), up a plurality of ramps and/or inclined channels (not visible), and into corresponding and/or respective rightmost reservoirs (not visible). 
     In response to the wave&#39;s return stroke (i.e., when the direction of the wave&#39;s surge reverses), the embodiment&#39;s upper portion will respond by swaying, tilting, and/or rotating  715 , about its rotational shaft  704  from an initial position and/or orientation at  700 R, to a new position and/or orientation at  700 L. And, the water that was lifted as a consequence of its left-to-right flow up the right-ascending ramps of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump  701 , will be further lifted as a consequence of a right-to-left flow up the left-ascending ramps of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump. 
     With the passage of each wave of sufficient amplitude and period, the water within the embodiment&#39;s diode pump will be raised. And, with the passage of each wave of sufficient amplitude and period, a portion of the water within the diode pump will flow into the embodiment&#39;s upper receiving chamber  712 , and therethrough into the embodiment&#39;s turbine tube  713 , therein flowing through, and imparting energy to, the water turbine positioned therein. 
       FIG.  78    shows a side perspective view of a representative portion of the type of back-and-forth ramp structure of which the diode pump of the embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77    is comprised. 
     The actual diode pump of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77    is surrounded by an enclosure ( 701  in  FIG.  72   ) that encloses the water that is contained within the reservoirs of the diode, and that flows up the ramps of the diode in response to wave action. Moreover, vertical walls and/or barriers separate and/or isolate the individual ramps from one another within the actual diode pump. Because of the vertical side walls separating each ramp from its neighbors, and the ramp above, each ramp is a channel and/or pipe through which water may flow from an originating reservoir to a receiving reservoir, wherein the receiving reservoir is at a greater height above, and/or distance from, the lowest reservoir, e.g.,  716 . 
     The illustration of  FIG.  78    omits the vertical walls that constrain the movement of the water within the embodiment&#39;s actual diode pump in order to better illustrate the path followed by water as it flows upward within the diode in response to wave action. 
     When a wave tilts the diode pump to the left (with respect to the illustration in  FIG.  78   ) by a sufficient degree, amplitude, and/or magnitude, and for a sufficient duration and/or period, then water held within an originating reservoir  716  (which, in the absence of the nominal vertical walls is illustrated as the base, bottom wall, and/or floor, of that reservoir) tends to flow  717  through channel  718  (which, in the absence of the nominal vertical walls is illustrated as the base, bottom wall, and/or floor, of that ramp) and to thereafter fall over the “waterfall edge”  719  at the distal end of the ramp  718 , and thereby fall into, and become trapped and/or entrained within receiving reservoir  720 . 
     A “waterfall edge” is an edge of an upper surface of a ramp that is raised relative to an adjacent lower surface, reservoir, chamber, and/or void, such that a fluid flowing from the upper surface of the ramp, and over the waterfall edge, will tend to fall and/or flow downward into the receiving reservoir, and/or onto the lower surface. The waterfall edge at the end of a ramp, e.g.,  719 , tends to cause water flowing, e.g.,  717 , toward the end and/or edge of the ramp to “fall over” the ramp&#39;s edge  719  and fall into, and become trapped within, a receiving reservoir, e.g.,  720 . 
     When a wave, and/or wave surge, with an approximately opposite direction tilts the diode pump to the right (with respect to the illustration in  FIG.  78   ) by a sufficient degree, amplitude, and/or magnitude, and for a sufficient duration and/or period, then the receiving reservoir  720  becomes the originating reservoir, and water held within the new originating reservoir  720  (which, in the absence of the nominal vertical walls is illustrated as the base, bottom wall, and/or floor, of that reservoir) tends to flow  721  through channel  722  (which, in the absence of the nominal vertical walls is illustrated as the base, bottom wall, and/or floor, of that ramp) and to thereafter fall over the “waterfall edge”  723  at the distal end of the ramp  722 , and thereby fall into, and become trapped and/or entrained within receiving reservoir  724 . 
     This pattern of tilt-induced water flow from originating reservoirs, e.g.,  720 , up and through ramps, and/or inclined channels, e.g.,  722 , over waterfall edges, e.g.,  723 , and into receiving reservoirs, e.g.,  724 , is repeated with each wave-induced tilt reversal of sufficient magnitude and period. Water that originates within the lowermost reservoir  716  eventually, incrementally, and progressively, rises from reservoir to reservoir, with each reservoir being positioned at a greater height above, and/or distance from, the lowermost reservoir  716 , until it is deposited in an uppermost reservoir  725  after which the water will possess a substantial amount of gravitational potential energy. The raised water, held in the uppermost reservoir  725 , may then be directed to flow through a water turbine that converts a portion of its gravitational potential energy into mechanical energy that may be used to energize a generator and generate electrical power. The raised water may be used to create a pressurized flow of water through desalination membranes thereby extracting relatively fresh water from relatively saline water, e.g., from seawater. The raised water may also be used to create a pressurized flow of water through mineral-extraction membranes, mats, and/or other porous structures, thereby extracting minerals from mineral-rich water, e.g., from seawater. 
     The example diode flow structure illustrated in  FIG.  78    is comprised of 11 reservoirs on the left and 12 reservoirs on the right with one ramp and/or inclined channel originating from all but the uppermost reservoir  725  on the right. In the embodiment ( 700  in  FIG.  72   ), the diode pump ( 701  in  FIG.  72   ) is comprised of 30 reservoirs on the leading side (the side closest to approaching waves, and/or, with respect to a typical deployment, the side furthest from the shoreline) and 31 reservoirs on the trailing and/or opposite side. Each reservoir of the embodiment  700  spans the full width of the diode pump. 
     Each reservoir in the sample diode illustrated in  FIG.  78    (other than the uppermost reservoir) is the originating reservoir for a single ramp. And, each reservoir in the sample diode illustrated in  FIG.  78    (other than the lowermost reservoir) is the receiving reservoir for a single ramp. However, in the embodiment ( 700  in  FIG.  72   ), each reservoir (other than the uppermost reservoir) is the originating reservoir for 12 ramps. And, each reservoir in the sample diode illustrated in  FIG.  78    (other than the lowermost reservoir) is the receiving reservoir for 12 ramps. 
       FIG.  79    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  76    and the section is taken across line  79 - 79 . 
     Effluent from the water turbine  726  enters the lower receiving chamber  714  and then flows  715  into the lowermost reservoir  727  of the diode pump  701 . In response to a sufficient and favorable wave-induced tilt of the diode  701 , water in the lowermost reservoir  727  of the diode pump tends to flow “up” (which during a sufficient and favorable wave-induced tilt of the diode is actually “down” with respect to gravity) the ramp and/or inclined channel  728 , over the waterfall edge  729  of the ramp  728 , and down and into receiving reservoir  730 . 
     Because of the vertical wall  731  that separates the reservoirs and ramps visible within the illustration of  FIG.  79   , the only reservoirs and ramps visible in the figure are those which lift water and/or cause water to flow up a ramp in response to a rightward tilting  732  of the diode  701 . With respect to the reservoirs and ramps visible in the illustration of  FIG.  79   , each reservoir, e.g.,  727 , on the left side of the diode pump (with the exception of the uppermost reservoir  733 ) is an originating reservoir, each reservoir, e.g.,  730 , on the right side of the diode pump is a receiving reservoir, and each ramp is inclined so as to raise water flowing from left to right, i.e. in response to a rightward tilting  732  of the diode  701 . 
     The reservoirs and ramps adjacent to the illustrated vertical assortment of reservoirs and ramps, i.e., the reservoirs and ramps in front of the section plane as well as those behind the vertical wall  731 , are of an opposite arrangement. The reservoirs on the left and right are present across the entire width of the diode pump  701 . However, the reservoirs and ramps adjacent to the illustrated vertical assortment of reservoirs and ramps differ from those illustrated in  FIG.  79    in that with respect to those unseen adjacent reservoirs and ramps (e.g., those visible in  FIG.  80   ), the reservoirs on the left are receiving reservoirs, the reservoirs on the right are originating reservoirs, and the ramps are inclined so as to raise water flowing from right to left, i.e. in response to a leftward tilting of the diode  701 . 
     As a consequence of a series of sufficient and favorable wave-induced tilts of the diode, in alternating left and right directions of tilt, water ascends through the diode pump  701  in the manner explained in relation to the illustration and description associated with  FIG.  78   . Water deposited into receiving reservoir  734  will, in response to a sufficient and favorable wave-induced tilt of the diode in a leftward direction flow up and into receiving reservoir  733  after which it will tend to flow  735  out and into the upper receiving chamber  712 . Slanted peripheral walls, e.g.,  736 , direct water so deposited into the upper receiving chamber  712  into the upper mouth, end, and/or aperture, of the turbine tube  713  wherein it eventually flows down and through water turbine  726 , thereby imparting mechanical and/or rotational power to shaft  711  which is rigidly attached and/or connected to water turbine  726 . And, the rotation of shaft  711  causes the operably connected generator  702  to generate electrical power. 
     After passing through the water turbine, water flowing down and through turbine tube  713  (i.e., the turbine&#39;s effluent) flows into the lower receiving chamber  714 , and thereafter into the lowermost reservoir  727  of the diode pump  701 . And, the cycle repeats . . . 
       FIG.  80    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  79    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  76    and the section is taken across line  80 - 80 . 
     The diode pump  701  of the embodiment  700  contains opposing sets of reservoirs that are interconnected by ramps and/or inclined channels. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  79   , the ramps and/or channels directly above and/or below one another, i.e., in a vertical segment of the diode, are characterized by a specific, particular, and consistent, angle of inclination. The cross-sectional view illustrated in  FIG.  79    illustrates one such vertical diode segment wherein the ramps are characterized by a particular angle of inclination that ascends from the “back” of the diode (i.e., the side nearest the turbine  726 ) to the “front” (i.e., the side furthest from the diode). The cross-sectional view illustrated in  FIG.  80    illustrates another such vertical diode segment wherein the ramps are characterized by a second particular angle of inclination that ascends from the “front” (i.e., the side furthest from the diode) of the diode to the “back” (i.e., the side nearest the turbine  726 ). 
     The diode pump  701  of the embodiment is comprised of 12 vertical diode segments in which the ramps are inclined such that they ascend from the “back” of the diode to the “front” (e.g., as illustrated in  FIGS.  79   ), and 12 vertical diode segments in which the ramps are inclined such that they ascend from the “front” of the diode to the “back” (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG.  80   ). The back-to-front ascending vertical diode segments are interleaved with the front-to-back vertical diode segments. Each vertical diode segment is separated from its adjacent neighbors by vertical walls (e.g.,  731  in  FIG.  79   ). 
     Whereas water flows from the back of the diode to the front within the vertical diode segment illustrated in  FIG.  79    (i.e., when the diode is appropriately tilted, e.g.,  732  in  FIG.  79   ), water flows from the front of the diode to the back within the vertical diode segment illustrated in  FIG.  80   . In the embodiment&#39;s diode pump  701 , 12 pairs of complementary vertical diode segments (i.e., complementary in that one lifts water in response to tilts in one direction, and the other lifts water in response to tilts in an opposing direction) cooperate to raise water from the embodiment&#39;s lowest reservoir  727  to its highest reservoir  733  whereafter the water flows into the embodiment&#39;s turbine manifold  712 - 714  and therein flows through the embodiment&#39;s water turbine  726  thereby imparting power to the operably connected generator  702  and causing that generator to produce electrical power. 
     In response to a wave-induced tilt  737  of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump  701 , that is of favorable direction and sufficient magnitude and period, water within a leftmost originating reservoir, e.g.,  730  and  734 , flows across a nominally upwardly-inclined ramp, and/or channel, e.g.,  737  and  738 , that directs the water to a receiving reservoir, e.g.,  733  and  740 , that is higher than, and/or further from, the bottom of the embodiment and/or from the ground, e.g., seafloor, on which the embodiment rests and/or is attached. Because of the wave-induced tilt  737  of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump  701  the nominally upwardly-inclined ramps, and/or channels, of the illustrated vertical diode segment are, with respect to the pull of gravity, actually downwardly-inclined. 
     Water flowing from reservoir  734 , through channel  739 , and into reservoir  733 , thereafter flows  735  into the upper receiving chamber  712 , and thereafter into the turbine tube  713 , through the water turbine  726 , into the lower receiving chamber  714 , and it then flows  715  back into the bottommost reservoir  727  from which it will again be pumped to the top of the diode and back through the turbine  726  again and again. 
     Please note that the arrow  732  of  FIG.  79    illustrates the pump diode  701  tilting and/or rotating toward its front and/or away from its turbine  726 , whereas the arrow  737  of  FIG.  80    illustrates the pump diode  701  tilting and/or rotating toward its turbine  726  and/or away from its front. 
       FIG.  81    shows a top-down sectional view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  79 - 80    wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  74    and the section is taken across line  81 - 81 . 
     In response to a favorable tilt (e.g.,  732  in  FIG.  79   ) toward the front of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump, i.e., away from the turbine ( 726  in  FIG.  79   ), water flows, e.g.,  741 , from the reservoir immediately below, e.g.,  742 , the uppermost reservoir  733 , up one, e.g.,  743 , of the 12 ramps leading from the reservoir immediately below, e.g.,  742 , the uppermost reservoir  733  at the back side of the diode pump ( 701  in  FIG.  72   ), thereafter falling over the respective waterfall edge, e.g.,  744 , and down and into the uppermost reservoir  734  at the front side of the diode pump. 
     In response to a favorable tilt (e.g.,  737  in  FIG.  80   ) toward the back of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump, i.e., toward the turbine ( 726  in  FIG.  80   ), water deposited into, and/or trapped within, reservoir  734 , flows, e.g.,  745 , up one, e.g.,  739 , of the 12 ramps leading from the originating reservoir  734 , thereafter falling over the respective waterfall edge, e.g.,  746 , and down and into the uppermost reservoir  733  at the back side of the diode pump. Water deposited into the uppermost reservoir  733  at the back side of the diode pump flows  735  over the backmost edge  747  of the uppermost reservoir  733  and thereover into the upper receiving chamber  712 . Much of that water flows down one of the inclined floors  736 L and  736 R to the bottommost floor  748  of the upper receiving chamber  712  from which it flows into the lumen of the turbine tube  713  and therethrough through the water turbine  726  therein. The effluent flowing out of the water turbine flows into the lower receiving chamber  714  from which it flows into the lowermost reservoir ( 727  of  FIG.  79   ) of the embodiment&#39;s diode pump ( 701  of  FIG.  79   ). 
       FIG.  82    shows a perspective top-down view of the sectional view illustrated in  FIG.  81   . 
       FIG.  83    shows a perspective front side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  78 - 82   . The tilted orientation of the embodiment is similar to the orientation of the embodiment  700 R illustrated on the right side of  FIG.  77   . 
       FIG.  84    shows a perspective front side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  78 - 83   . The tilted orientation of the embodiment is similar to the orientation of the embodiment  700 L illustrated on the left side of  FIG.  77   . 
       FIG.  85    shows a perspective back side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  78 - 84   . The tilted orientation of the embodiment is similar to the orientation of the embodiment  700 R illustrated on the right side of  FIG.  77   . 
       FIG.  86    shows a perspective back side view of the same embodiment  700  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 77  and  78 - 85   . The tilted orientation of the embodiment is similar to the orientation of the embodiment  700 L illustrated on the left side of  FIG.  77   . 
       FIG.  87    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  800  of the present disclosure. The illustrated embodiment is similar to an “autonomous underwater vehicle” (AUV) and is capable of cruising through a body of water below its surface. However, in  FIG.  87    the embodiment is shown floating adjacent to an upper surface  801  of a body of water over which waves are passing. The embodiment incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, four stabilizing and/or directional fins, e.g.,  802 , at a fore  803 , forward, leading, and/or upper end, as well as four stabilizing and/or directional fins, e.g.,  804 , at an aft  805 , stern, trailing, and/or lower end. In combination with a forward or backward thrust, the embodiment&#39;s fins, e.g.,  802  and  804 , enable and/or permit the embodiment to alter, adjust, control, regulate, change, and/or modify, its pitch, yaw, roll, course, direction, and/or movements. 
     The illustrated embodiment  800  has a hull, shape, form, and/or displacement, that is primarily cylindrical between its upper  803  and lower ends  805 . The embodiment has an approximately torpedo-like shape. Mounted atop the upper end  803  is a radio transceiver  806 , which in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  87    is a phased-array antenna. Rotatably connected to its approximately frustoconical trailing end  805  is a propeller  807 , the rotation of which tends to generate either a forward-pushing or backward-pulling thrust (depending on the direction in which the propeller is rotated). 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  87    is floating, with an approximately vertical orientation, adjacent to an upper surface  801  of a body of water over which waves are passing and is thereby utilizing the rocking motions (e.g., surge) imparted to it by passing waves in order to energize a tilt-driven water ladder power take off (not visible) positioned within the cylindrical portion  800  of its hull. 
       FIG.  88    shows a side view of the same embodiment  800  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  87   . As the embodiment  800  floats adjacent to an upper surface  801  of a body of water over which waves pass, the relatively substantial surge motion  808  near the surface  801  is greater than the relatively diminished, smaller, and/or more feeble, surge motion  809  further and/or far beneath the surface  801 . This differential surge motion imparted to the embodiment tends to cause the embodiment to rock  810  back-and-forth approximately laterally and approximately within the plane of the surge and/or within a plane approximately normal to the wave front. 
       FIG.  89    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  87  and  88    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  88    and the section is taken across line  89 - 89 . The sectional view of  FIG.  89    has left two components (power take off  818 , propeller shaft  823 , and propeller  807 ) unsectioned to facilitate explanation of the structure and operation of the embodiment. 
     At an upper end  803  of the embodiment  800  is a phased-array antenna  806  which receives encoded electromagnetic signals from one or more remote antennas (e.g., such as from ships, satellites, and shore-based facilities), and which transmits to one or more remote antennas (e.g., such as to ships, satellites, and shore-based facilities) at one or more particular and/or specific frequencies encoded electromagnetic signals. Signals received by the phased array antenna are decoded and/or otherwise processed by the embodiment&#39;s control system  811 . Signals transmitted are encoded and/or otherwise prepared by the embodiment&#39;s control system  811 . 
     The embodiment  800  includes a computational module  812  which incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a plurality of computational circuits including, but not limited to: computer processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), tensor processing units (TPUs), quantum processing units (QPUs), and optical processing units. The computational module also incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a plurality of memory circuits, a plurality of power management circuits, a plurality of network circuits, encryption/decryption circuits, etc., in addition to other circuits useful for the execution, completion, and/or implementation, of computational tasks, and for the gathering, sorting, compression, and/or storage, of computational results. The computational module includes electronic circuits, optical circuits, and other types of circuits. Heat generated by the activity, energization, and/or operation, of the electronic and/or optical circuits is transmitted, at least in part, conductively to the body of water  801  in which the embodiment floats and/or operates. 
     The embodiment  800  includes a pair of buoyancy control and trim adjustment modules  813  and  814  with which the embodiment&#39;s control system  812  may alter the overall density of the embodiment as well as the distribution of buoyancy within the embodiment. 
     The embodiment  800  incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, fixed-wing fins, e.g.,  815  and  816 , which incorporate, include, and/or utilize, flaps, e.g.,  817 , to alter, adjust, control, regulate, change, and/or modify, its pitch, yaw, roll, course, direction, and/or movements, when the embodiment is being propelled forward or backward in response to thrust produced by the propeller  807 . 
     A portion of the embodiment&#39;s interior is occupied by a power take off  818 . The power take off progressively, incrementally, and/or serially, lifts water about and/or within a spiral hollow tube, and/or series of fluidly connected tubes, in response to tilting ( 810  in  FIG.  88   ), tipping, rocking, and/or pivoting, of the embodiment within a vertical plane (e.g., normal to the resting surface  801  of the body of water in which the embodiment floats) passing through, and/or including, a central longitudinal axis of approximate radial symmetry of the embodiment. In response to such tilting, water within the spiral tube is moved from a relatively lower end of a tubular segment (i.e., an end relatively closer to the lower end  805  of the embodiment) to a relatively higher end of a tubular segment (i.e., an end relatively closer to the upper end  803  of the embodiment). With every tilt of sufficient angular deflection away from vertical (i.e., away from normal to the resting surface  801  of the water over which waves pass), water will tend to move from one relatively lower tubular segment to another relatively higher tubular segment. 
     When water has reached an upper end of the spiral tubular water channel  818 , it passes into an upper reservoir chamber  819  proximate to that upper end. Water within the upper reservoir chamber flows downward under the influence of gravity and/or with respect to a head pressure. Water within the upper reservoir chamber flows into a turbine pipe (not visible) and therethrough flows into a lower reservoir chamber, the bottom of which is established by a lower reservoir pan  820 , and the lateral walls of which are established by the spiral tubular water channel. 
     Water flowing downward through the turbine pipe (not visible) flows through, causes to rotate, and/or energizes, a water turbine (not visible) positioned therein. Rotations of the water turbine and its rigidly connected turbine shaft (not visible) impart rotational kinetic energy to an operably connected generator  821 , thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. At least a portion of the electrical power produced by the generator is stored within an energy storage module comprising a plurality of batteries (not visible). 
     When activated by the embodiment&#39;s control system  811  and energized by the embodiment&#39;s energy storage module (not visible), an electrical motor  822  causes the propeller  807  and its connected propeller shaft  823  to rotate. The embodiment&#39;s control system  811  is able to cause the motor to rotate the propeller  807  in a direction that causes the propeller to push the embodiment in a forward direction, i.e., toward its upper end  803 , as well as in a direction that causes the propeller to pull the embodiment in a backward direction, i.e., away from its upper end  803 . 
       FIG.  90    shows a side view of the power take off (PTO) of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   . 
     An outer spiral tubular water channel  818  is comprised of fluidly-connected tubular segments through which water flows in a counter-clockwise direction (when viewed from above the upper end of the PTO proximal to the PTO&#39;s upper reservoir chamber  819 ). The outer spiral tubular water channel  818  surrounds an inner spiral tubular water channel (not visible) in which water flows in a clockwise direction (when viewed from above the upper end of the PTO proximal to the PTO&#39;s upper reservoir chamber  819 ). 
     In response to wave-induced tilting of the PTO relative to a nominally vertical longitudinal axis of approximate radial symmetry water in the outer spiral tubular water channel  818  moves incrementally through, around, and upward, within that channel in a counter-clockwise direction. In response to the same wave-induced tilting of the PTO relative to a nominally vertical longitudinal axis of approximate radial symmetry water in the inner spiral tubular water channel (not visible) moves incrementally through, around, and upward, within that channel in a clockwise direction. 
     Water trapped within the lower reservoir chamber (not visible) defined in part by the lower reservoir pan  820  enters a lowermost portion of each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels. Water enters each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels through a respective aperture in a respective channel-specific lowermost tubular segment. After passing through the respective lowermost tubular segment of each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels, water remains trapped within each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels as wave-induced tilting of the PTO incrementally causes that water to flow through, around, and upward, within each respective channel. 
     At the summit of each spiral flow of water, within each respective inner and outer spiral tubular water channel, the water within each channel is deposited within and/or into the upper reservoir chamber  819  through a channel-specific aperture in the uppermost tubular segment of each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels. Thus, water from the lower reservoir chamber enters each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels through a respective aperture at the base of each channel, and winds it way in respective clockwise and counter-clockwise directions through those respective spiral tubular water channels, after which the water from each channel is deposited into the upper reservoir chamber  819 . Water within the upper reservoir chamber then flows, under gravitationally-induced head pressure, through a turbine pipe (not visible), and a water turbine (not visible) therein, which imparts rotational kinetic energy to a generator  821  operably-connected to the generator, thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. 
     The PTO is a closed system. In other words, the water flowing upward within the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels, the water within the upper and lower reservoir chambers, and the water that flows through the turbine pipe to the water turbine, is the same water flowing cyclically through the PTO, over and over again. Because the PTO is a closed system, the gas within the PTO is trapped therein and neither flows out of the PTO, flows into the PTO, nor is exchanged with gases outside the PTO. 
       FIG.  91    shows a top-down sectional view of the power take off (PTO) of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , and/or of the same PTO illustrated in  FIG.  90   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  90    and the section is taken across line  91 - 91 . 
     In response to wave-induced tilting and/or rocking of the embodiment, when it floats in an approximately vertical orientation adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass, water flows in a counter-clockwise direction (when viewed from above its uppermost end as in the illustration of  FIG.  91   ) through the outer spiral tubular water channel  818 . After flowing up through most of the outer spiral tubular water channel, water flows  824  into and through the uppermost portion of the outer spiral tubular water channel. That water continues to flow from tubular segment to tubular segment, flowing  825  and  826  around the uppermost portion of the channel. Finally, the water flows  827  into the final, uppermost tubular segment  829 , and that flow  828  becomes exposed beneath the section plane. Water that reaches the final, uppermost tubular segment then flows  830  out through outer spiral tubular water channel effluent pipe  831  and is deposited within the upper reservoir chamber  819 . 
     Arrows shown in gray indicate flows of water within a portion of the respective spiral tubular water channel that is enclosed and/or below the section plane. Arrows shown in black indicated flows of water within a portion of the respective spiral tubular water channel that is exposed due to the section plane passing below its upper channel wall. 
     Similarly, in response to the same wave-induced tilting and/or rocking of the embodiment, when it floats in an approximately vertical orientation adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass, water flows in a clockwise direction (when viewed from above its uppermost end as in the illustration of  FIG.  91   ) through the inner spiral tubular water channel  832 . After flowing up through most of the inner spiral tubular water channel, water flows  833  into and through the uppermost portion of the inner spiral tubular water channel. That water continues to flow from tubular segment to tubular segment, flowing  834  and  835  around the uppermost portion of the channel. Finally, the water flows  836  into the final, uppermost tubular segment  837 , and that flow  838  becomes exposed beneath the section plane. Water that reaches the final, uppermost tubular segment then flows  839  out through inner spiral tubular water channel effluent pipe  840  and is deposited within the upper reservoir chamber  819 . 
     When the embodiment, and the illustrated embodiment PTO, floats in an approximately vertical orientation adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water over which waves pass, water within the upper reservoir chamber  819  is elevated relative to the lower reservoir chamber (not visible) and as such is imbued with a gravitationally-induced head pressure that tends to cause it to flow into turbine pipe  841 , which is fluidly-connected to the turbine pipe. As water flows down, toward the lower reservoir chamber (not visible), it flows through, engages, energizes, and causes to rotate, a water turbine  842  positioned therein. Rotations of the water turbine impart rotational kinetic energy to a generator ( 821  in  FIG.  90   ) through a turbine shaft (not visible), thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. 
       FIG.  92    shows a closeup perspective view of the same top-down sectional view of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIG.  90   , which is a view of the PTO of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   . The vertical section plane of  FIGS.  91  and  92    is specified in  FIG.  90    and the section is taken across line  91 - 91 . 
     As water moves upward and through the outer spiral tubular water channel  818  it reaches, and/or flows  828  into, the final tubular segment  829  of that water channel, after which it flows  830  through outer spiral tubular water channel effluent pipe  831  into the upper reservoir chamber  819 . Similarly, as water moves upward and through the inner spiral tubular water channel  832  it reaches, and/or flows  838  into, the final tubular segment  837  of that water channel, after which it flows  839  through inner spiral tubular water channel effluent pipe  840  into the upper reservoir chamber  819 . 
     Water within the upper reservoir chamber  819  flows  843 , under the influence of gravity, into the turbine pipe  841 , and therethrough flows through the water turbine (not visible) imparting to it energy. 
       FIG.  93    shows a side sectional view of the power take off (PTO) of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , and/or of the same PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 92   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  91    and the section is taken across line  93 - 93 . 
     Water  844  trapped in the PTO&#39;s lower reservoir chamber, comprised of lateral walls formed by the inside surface of the inner and/or centermost surface and/or wall of the inner spiral tubular water channel  832 , and the bottom wall formed by the lower reservoir pan  820 , is drawn into the lowermost portions of the inner  832  and outer  818  spiral tubular water channels. Water  844  from the lower reservoir chamber flows  845  into the lowermost tubular segment  846  of the outer spiral tubular water channel  818  through an aperture (not visible) within that lowermost tubular segment. Water  844  from the lower reservoir chamber flows  847  into the lowermost tubular segment  848  of the inner spiral tubular water channel  832  through an aperture (not visible) within that lowermost tubular segment. 
     In response to wave-induced rocking of the embodiment, and of the PTO therein, relative to a nominally vertical longitudinal axis of approximate radial symmetry water in both the inner  832  and outer  818  spiral tubular water channels moves incrementally through, around, and upward, within each channel, eventually reaching the uppermost tubular segment of each spiral tubular water channel and thereafter flowing into the upper reservoir chamber  819  and increasing the mass and/or volume of water  849  therein. Water flows  830  and  839  into the upper reservoir chamber from the respective effluent pipes  831  and  840  of the respective inner and outer spiral tubular water channels. 
     Water  849  within the upper reservoir chamber  819  flows  843  into the turbine pipe  841 , after which it flows  850  down through that pipe until it flows  851  into and through the water turbine  842 , thereby transmitting rotational kinetic energy to its respective turbine shaft  852 , which, in turn, transmits that energy to the operably-connected generator  821 , thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. A portion, if not all, of the electrical power produced by the generator  821  is transmitted to the energy storage module  853  and/or to the batteries, e.g.,  854 , therein. 
     Water flowing  855  out of the water turbine, and/or the turbine pipe  841 , enters the pool of water collected within the lower reservoir chamber  844 , and thereafter is drawn into one of the inner  832  or outer  818  spiral tubular water channels . . . to repeat the cycle of wave-induced flow and energy production. 
       FIG.  94    shows an abstracted, stylized, and/or schematized, version of the side sectional view of the power take off (PTO) that is illustrated in  FIG.  93   . The purpose of  FIG.  94    is to better illustrate the cyclic process of using wave-induced motions of the PTO to lift water from a lower reservoir chamber  844  up to an upper reservoir chamber  819  from where its gravitational potential energy and head pressure are used to rotate a water turbine  842  and energize an operably-connected generator  821  so as to produce electrical power from the energy imparted to the PTO by the passing waves. 
     Water  844  within a lower reservoir chamber is drawn  856  into the lowermost ends of a pair of counter-rotating spiral tubular water channels, with the pair of channels representing in  FIG.  94    as a dashed outline  859  of a cylindrical cross-section. Wave motion causes the water within the spiral tubular water channels to flow  857  upward through those water channels. And, at the uppermost ends of the counter-rotating spiral tubular water channels, the water flows  858  out of the water channels and into an upper reservoir chamber  819  where it is added to water  849  already entrained therein. 
     Water  849  within the upper reservoir chamber  819  flows  843  into and down  850  through the turbine pipe  841 , eventually flowing  851  into the water turbine  842  positioned within the turbine pipe and causing that water turbine to rotate. Rotations of the water turbine are transmitted by a turbine shaft ( 852  in  FIG.  93   ) to an operably-connected generator  821  thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. After being discharged by the water turbine, the effluent water flows  855  back into the lower reservoir chamber, rejoining the body of water  844  from which it was originally drawn into the spiral tubular water channels. 
       FIG.  95    shows a closeup perspective sectional view of a lowermost portion and/or end of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 94   , and of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   . The illustration in  FIG.  95    has a portion of the lower reservoir pan  820  cut away in order to permit the display and/or inspection of the spiral tubular water channels otherwise obscured by that pan. 
     Water collected within the lower reservoir chamber ( 844  in  FIG.  93   ) enters the outer spiral tubular water channel  818  through an aperture  860  in the lowermost tubular segment  861  of that water channel. Water collected within the lower reservoir chamber ( 844  in  FIG.  93   ) enters the inner spiral tubular water channel  832  through an aperture  862  in the lowermost tubular segment  863  of that water channel. 
       FIG.  96    shows a closeup perspective sectional view of a typical tubular segment of which the inner ( 832  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) and outer ( 818  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) spiral tubular water channels of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 94   , the PTO of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , is in part comprised. The inner wall (i.e., the vertical wall closest to the radial center about which the tubular segment bends) of the illustrated tubular segment  864  has been removed to permit examination and/or illustration of the interior of the channel  865  therein. 
     The illustrated tubular segment is a nominal tubular segment. The lowermost and uppermost tubular segments of each of the inner and outer spiral tubular water channels are different from the tubular segments between those lowermost and uppermost tubular segments, as they are from the medial tubular segment  864  illustrated in  FIG.  96   . 
     The tubular segment  864  defines a channel  865  that follows an upward spiraling path about a vertical longitudinal axis of rotation. The collection, set, and/or group, of interconnected tubular segments of which each spiraling tubular water channel is comprised approximately define the surface a cylinder. A reference line  866  is included in  FIG.  96    to help illustrate the upward slope and curvature of the illustrated tubular segment. 
     When water flows through one of the embodiment&#39;s spiral tubular water channels, it tends to flow through each of the tubular segments of which that spiral tubular water channel is comprised as it incrementally flows through the upward spiraling water channel. When water flows through a tubular segment, water flows  867  into, and/or enters, the tubular segment through a medial aperture  868  in an upper wall of the tubular segment. Water flowing and/or entrained within the interior channel  865  of the tubular segment can flow  869  backward (i.e., in a direction of flow opposite that of the flow through the respective spiral tubular water channel) and/or accumulate at the back end (i.e., the rightmost end with respect to the orientation of the tubular segment illustrated in  FIG.  96   ) of the tubular segment. 
     However, when the tilt angle of the PTO, and/or the embodiment in which the PTO is incorporated, is advantageous, e.g., resulting in a change in the orientation of the tubular segment  864  in which the back end becomes elevated to a relatively greater height than the nominally higher forward end, then water within the interior channel  865  of the tubular segment tends to flow  870  toward the forward end (i.e., “forward” with respect to the nominal direction of water flow through the spiral tubular water channel) of the tubular segment. If the water within the tubular segment flows far enough, then it reaches a forward aperture  871  and flows down and out of that aperture, nominally into and through the medial aperture  868  of the next tubular segment in the spiral tubular water channel, and/or of which the spiral tubular water channel is comprised. Similarly, it is water that has flowed to and out of the forward aperture  871  of the prior tubular segment in the spiral tubular water channel that flows  867  into the illustrated tubular segment. 
     The illustrated tubular segment  864  tends to keep water trapped within that tubular segment when the orientation, tilt, rocking, and/or angular offset from vertical, of the PTO and/or the respective embodiment are unfavorable. This prevents water within a spiral tubular water channel from flowing backward within the spiral tubular water channel when the orientation, tilt, rocking, and/or angular offset from vertical, of the PTO and/or the respective embodiment is not favorable. However, when the orientation, tilt, rocking, and/or angular offset from vertical, of the PTO and/or the respective embodiment becomes favorable, then the water within each tubular segment tends to flow  870  forward, thereby increasing its distance above the lower reservoir chamber and the water turbine. 
     Each wave-powered lifting of water within each of the embodiment&#39;s two spiral tubular water channels tends to increase the gravitational potential energy of the water within the spiral tubular water channel, and because the back flowing of that water is inhibited if not prevented, the potential energy imparted to the water is captured. 
       FIG.  97    shows a closeup perspective sectional view of two typical tubular segments of which the inner ( 832  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) and outer ( 818  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) spiral tubular water channels of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 94   , the PTO of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , are in part comprised. The inner wall (i.e., the vertical wall closest to the radial center about which the tubular segments bend) of the illustrated tubular segments  864  and  873  have been removed to permit examination and/or illustration of the interiors of the channels  865  and  874  therein. The illustration in  FIG.  97    adds a precursor tubular segment  873  to the tubular segment  864  illustrated in  FIG.  96   . 
     A reference plane  866  is included in  FIG.  97    to help illustrate the upward slope and curvature of the illustrated pair of fluidly-connected tubular segments  873  and  864 . 
     Water flows  875  in to the hollow interior  874  of tubular segment  873  through that tubular segment&#39;s medial aperture  876 . In response to favorable tilting of the array of tubular segments, i.e., of the respective spiral tubular water channel of the respective PTO, water within the interior water channel  874  of tubular segment  873  flows  877  forward within the tubular segment, reaching and flowing  867  down through that tubular segment&#39;s forward aperture, which is also the medial aperture  868  of tubular segment  864 . Thus, the water within tubular segment  873  flows  867  into tubular segment  864 , and, in response to favorable tilting of the array of tubular segments, flows  870  forward to that tubular segment&#39;s forward aperture  871 , and then flows  872  down and through that forward aperture, nominally into the interior of the next tubular segment within the fluidly connected series, and/or chain, of such tubular segments of which the respective spiral tubular water channel is comprised. 
       FIG.  98    shows a close up perspective view of two typical tubular segments of which the inner ( 832  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) and outer ( 818  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) spiral tubular water channels of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 94   , the PTO of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , are in part comprised. However, in the illustration of  FIG.  98   , the lowermost tubular segment  878  is the first, initial, starting, and/or lowermost, tubular segment of its respective spiral tubular water channel. 
     Tubular segment  878  is the tubular segment through which water from the lower reservoir chamber enters the spiral tubular water channel in order to begin its ascension up the spiral water channel to the upper reservoir chamber ( 819  in  FIG.  93   ). Water flows  879  into the hollow interior of tubular segment  878  through aperture  880 . Thereafter it flows forward and flows into the next, following, subsequent, and/or downstream, tubular segment  881  through the forward aperture (not visible) positioned within the lower wall of tubular segment  878  at its forward end  882  which is coincident, and/or shared, with the medial aperture (not visible) of tubular segment  881 . That water then flows forward within tubular segment  881  until it reaches and flows  883  down and through that tubular segment&#39;s forward aperture  884 , nominally thereby entering, and/or flowing into, the next, following, subsequent, and/or downstream, tubular segment. 
     A reference plane  866  has been included in  FIG.  98    to help illustrate the upward slope and curvature of the illustrated pair of fluidly-connected tubular segments  878  and  881 . 
       FIG.  99    shows a closeup perspective sectional view of two typical tubular segments of which the inner ( 832  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) and outer ( 818  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) spiral tubular water channels of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 94   , the PTO of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , are in part comprised. However, in the illustration of  FIG.  99   , the uppermost tubular segment  885  is the last, final, ending, and/or uppermost, tubular segment of its respective spiral tubular water channel. 
     Tubular segment  885  is the tubular segment through which water pumped upward through wave action at the spiral tubular water channel flows out of the spiral tubular water channel and flows into its respective upper reservoir chamber ( 819  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) prior to its descent down the respective turbine pipe ( 819  in  FIG.  93   ). Water flows  886  out of the hollow interior of tubular segment  885  through respective spiral tubular water channel effluent pipe  887 . Note that this final and/or uppermost tubular segment  885  lacks a forward aperture (that would typically be positioned at  888 ). 
     In the illustration of  FIG.  99   , water flows from a prior (not shown) tubular segment  889  into, down, and through, the medial aperture  890  of the penultimate tubular segment  891  of the respective (not shown) spiral tubular water channel. Then, when the orientation of the respective PTO is favorable, the water within the interior of tubular segment  891  flows forward and then flows into, down, and through, the forward aperture of tubular segment  891 , thereby concomitantly flowing into, down, and through, the medial aperture of tubular segment  885  and entering the interior water channel of tubular segment  885 . Then, when the orientation of the respective PTO is favorable, the water within the interior of tubular segment  885  flows forward and then flows  886  laterally out of spiral tubular water channel effluent pipe  887 , thereby being deposited within the upper reservoir chamber ( 819  in  FIG.  93   ). 
     A reference plane  866  has been included in  FIG.  99    to help illustrate the upward slope and curvature of the illustrated pair of fluidly-connected tubular segments  891  and  885 . 
       FIG.  100    shows a closeup perspective sectional view of two typical tubular segments of which the inner ( 832  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) and outer ( 818  in  FIGS.  91 - 93   ) spiral tubular water channels of the power take off (PTO) illustrated in  FIGS.  90 - 94   , the PTO of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89   , are in part comprised. The inner wall (i.e., the vertical wall closest to the radial center and/or longitudinal axis  894  about which the tubular segments bend) of the illustrated tubular segments  892  and  893  have been removed to permit examination and/or illustration of the hollow interiors of those tubular segments. 
     A reference plane  866  is included in  FIG.  100    to help illustrate the upward slope and curvature of the illustrated pair of fluidly-connected tubular segments  892  and  893 . 
     The orientation of the two fluidly-connected tubular segments  892  and  893  illustrated in  FIG.  100    is such that the longitudinal axis about they spiral is vertical as it would be when the PTO, and the respective embodiment, in which it is incorporated is resting in nominally vertical direction (as illustrated in  FIG.  88   ) adjacent to the surface of a resting (i.e., wave-free) body of water. The alignment of the longitudinal axis of rotation of the tubular segments  892  and  893  with the gravitational force acting on those segments and the water within them is further illustrated in  FIG.  100    by the surface  895  of the water  896  trapped and/or entrained within tubular segment  892 , and by the surface  897  of the water  897  trapped and/or entrained within tubular segment  893 . The surfaces  895  and  897  of both respective entrained bodies of water  896  and  898  are parallel with the reference plane  866  which is oriented within  FIG.  100    to be horizontal and nominally parallel to the resting surface of the body of water at which the respective PTO and embodiment float. 
     In this non-tilted orientation, the water  896  and  898  within each tubular segment is sequestered, trapped, and/or entrained, at the back and/or lowermost end of the respective water channel within each tubular segment. That water is unable to flow back down the respective spiral tubular water channel of which the illustrated tubular segments are a part. 
       FIG.  101    shows a close up perspective sectional view of the same two tubular segments illustrated in  FIG.  100   . In  FIG.  101    the orientation of the tubular segments, and/or the longitudinal axis about which they spiral, has been altered to illustrate the effect of tilting of the respective PTO and/or embodiment in an unfavorable direction. 
     And, as with the  FIG.  100   , the inner wall (i.e., the vertical wall closest to the radial center and/or longitudinal axis  894  about which the tubular segments bend) of the illustrated tubular segments  892  and  893  have been removed to permit examination and/or illustration of the hollow interiors of those tubular segments. 
     Unlike in the illustration of  FIG.  100   , where the longitudinal axis about which the fluidly-connected tubular segments spiraled was vertical and normal to the resting surface of a body of water on which the respective embodiment would float when oriented as illustrated in  FIG.  88   , the longitudinal axis about which the fluidly-connected tubular segments illustrated in  FIG.  101    spiral is tilted, as if, and/or as it would be, if the respective PTO and embodiment of which they are a part is moved out of a purely vertical orientation by a passing wave, and into an unfavorable orientation, tilt, and/or angular offset. With respect to the orientation of the tubular segments illustrated in  FIG.  101   , the tilting would not be regarded as favorable since the water  896  and  898  within each of the respective fluidly-connected tubular segments is not induced to flow in a forward direction, i.e., toward their respective forward apertures, but is instead induced to flow  901  and  902 , respectively, backward and be trapped and/or entrained at a back end of each tubular segment&#39;s respective hollow interior. 
     The illustration in  FIG.  101    includes the reference plane  866  also included within the illustration of  FIG.  100   . However, that reference plane, as well as the longitudinal axis about which the tubular segments  892  and  893  spiral, have been tilted by an angle  899  with respect to the illustration, and/or illustrated orientation, of the tubular segments in  FIG.  101   . The nominal un-tilted and/or horizontal reference plane of  FIG.  100    is included in  FIG.  101    as plane  900 . 
     In the unfavorably-tilted orientation of the tubular segments  892  and  893  illustrated in  FIG.  101   , the water  896  and  898  within each of those tubular segments is sequestered, trapped, and/or entrained, at the back and/or lowermost end of each of the respective interior water channels within each of those tubular segments. That water is unable to flow back down the respective spiral tubular water channel of which the illustrated tubular segments are a part. 
     The unfavorable tilting of the tubular segments  892  and  893  has resulted in a reduction in the area of each respective upper and/or free surface  895  and  897  of each respective body of water  896  and  898  entrained within each respective tubular segment (i.e., in comparison to the area of each respective upper and/or free surface  895  and  897  of each respective body of water  896  and  898  entrained within each respective tubular segment of the un-tilted orientation illustrated in  FIG.  100   . 
       FIG.  102    shows a closeup perspective sectional view of the same two tubular segments illustrated in  FIGS.  100  and  101   . In  FIG.  102    the orientation of the tubular segments, and/or the orientation of the longitudinal axis about which they spiral, has been altered to illustrate the effect of tilting the respective PTO and/or embodiment in a favorable direction, i.e., a direction, orientation, and/or angular offset which promotes a forward flow of fluid within the hollow interiors of the tubular segments, e.g., in contrast to the unfavorable direction of tilt illustrated in  FIG.  101   . 
     And, as with the  FIGS.  100  and  101   , the inner wall (i.e., the vertical wall closest to the radial center and/or longitudinal axis  894  about which the tubular segments bend) of the illustrated tubular segments  892  and  893  have been removed to permit examination and/or illustration of the hollow interiors of those tubular segments. 
     The illustration in  FIG.  102    includes the reference plane  866  also included within the illustrations of  FIGS.  100  and  101   . However, with respect to the orientation of the tubular segments illustrated in  FIG.  102   , the original, un-tilted reference plane (as illustrated in FIG.  100 ), as well as the longitudinal axis about which the tubular segments  892  and  893  spiral, have been tilted by an angle  906  with respect to the illustration, and/or illustrated orientation, of the tubular segments in  FIG.  102   . The nominal un-tilted and/or horizontal reference plane of  FIG.  100    is included in  FIG.  101    as plane  900 . 
     Unlike in the illustration of  FIG.  100   , where the longitudinal axis about which the fluidly-connected tubular segments spiraled was vertical and normal to the resting surface of a body of water on which the respective embodiment would float when the embodiment is oriented as illustrated in  FIG.  88   , and unlike the illustration of  FIG.  101   , where the longitudinal axis about which the fluidly-connected tubular segments spiraled was tilted in an unfavorable direction, the longitudinal axis about which the fluidly-connected tubular segments illustrated in  FIG.  102    spiral is tilted, as if, and/or as it would be, if the respective PTO and embodiment of which they are a part is moved out of a purely vertical orientation by a passing wave, and is in a favorable orientation, tilt, and/or angular offset. With respect to the orientation of the tubular segments illustrated in  FIG.  102   , the tilting is favorable since the water  896  and  898  within each of the respective fluidly-connected tubular segments  892  and  893  is induced and/or made to flow  902  and  903  in a forward direction, i.e., toward their respective forward apertures. In fact, because of their forward flows  902  and  903 , the water  896  and  897 , respectively, within each respective tubular segment  892  and  893  is flowing up to, down and through its respective forward aperture. 
     The water  896  within the hollow interior of tubular segment  892  is flowing  904  through, into, and/or out of, the forward aperture  905  of tubular segment  892 , which is fluidly connected, and/or adjacent to the medial aperture of tubular segment  893 . After flowing  904  from tubular segment  892  into tubular segment  893 , the water originating from the interior of tubular segment  892  mixes with the water already flowing  903  forward within the interior of tubular segment  893 . The mixed water  898  flows  903  forward toward the forward aperture  907 , and subsequently flows down, through, and past, forward aperture  907 , nominally into a succeeding tubular segment (not shown) 
       FIG.  103    shows a tubular power take off (PTO) similar, analogous, and/or equivalent, to the PTO illustrated in  FIGS.  89 - 102   . This embodiment of the present disclosure illustrates some important characteristics of the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     The embodiment of the power take off illustrated in  FIG.  103    is simplified to facilitate explanation. However, it should be understood that longer, e.g., a much greater number of turns in the spiral water channel, and more complex embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  103    is a single, continuous fluid channel through which a fluid (e.g., water) advances about a path of ever-increasing elevation, and/or distance from the origin of the fluid being advanced. The fluid flow occurs in response to favorable tilting, rocking, and/or angular deflections, that move the longitudinal, nominally vertical, axis about which the fluid flows and approximately parallel to the escalating vertical displacements of the fluid. Furthermore, in response to tilts of unfavorable direction and/or angle, the fluid remains trapped within the fluid channel at a height approximately equal to its greatest vertical displacement—the fluid does not flow backward and/or down the fluid channel toward to aperture through which it entered the fluid channel. 
     Please note that directions of fluid flow within the tubular channel of the illustrated PTO are indicated by arrows outside those tubular channels. The reader should interpret the arrows signified as indicators of fluid flow as indicating fluid flow within the adjacent part or portion of the tubular PTO. 
     With respect to the simplified PTO illustrated in  FIG.  103   , fluid flows  908 , and/or enters the initial tubular segment  909  of the fluid channel through an aperture  910  at an end of the initial tubular segment  909 . In response to favorable tilting of the PTO, water flows  911  forward through the spiral tubular segment  909 . Water flowing  911  to the forward end of the tubular segment  909  falls and/or flows  912  through the approximately vertical connecting tube segment  913  thereby flowing into and/or entering the next tubular segment  914  in the tubular PTO. 
     In response to favorable tilting of the PTO, water within tubular segment  914  flows  915  forward through that spiral tubular segment. Water flowing  915  to the forward end of the tubular segment  914  falls and/or flows  916  through the approximately vertical connecting tube segment  917  thereby flowing into and/or entering the next tubular segment  918  in the tubular PTO. 
     In response to favorable tilting of the PTO, water within tubular segment  918  flows  919  forward through that spiral tubular segment. Water flowing  918  to the forward end of the tubular segment  919  falls and/or flows  920  through the approximately vertical connecting tube segment  921  thereby flowing into and/or entering the next tubular segment  922  in the tubular PTO. 
     In response to favorable tilting of the PTO, water within tubular segment  922  flows  923  forward through that spiral tubular segment. Water flowing  922  to the forward end of the tubular segment  923  falls and/or flows  924  through the approximately vertical connecting tube segment  925  thereby flowing into and/or entering the next tubular segment  926  in the tubular PTO. 
     In response to favorable tilting of the PTO, water within tubular segment  926  flows  927  forward through that spiral tubular segment. Water flowing  927  to the forward end of the tubular segment  926  falls and/or flows  928  through the approximately vertical connecting tube segment  929  thereby flowing into and/or entering the next tubular segment  930  in the tubular PTO. 
     In response to favorable tilting of the PTO, water within tubular segment  930  flows  931  forward through that spiral tubular segment. Water flowing  930  to the forward end of the tubular segment  931  flows  932  into the approximately vertical connecting tube segment  933  thereby flowing  935  out of an aperture  936  positioned at a nominally uppermost end of the last tubular segment  930  in the illustrated PTO. 
     In response to unfavorable tilting, water within any of the tubular segments, other than the initial tubular segment  909 , will flow, e.g.,  937 , backward and become entrained and/or trapped in the closed, aperture-free backmost, and/or nominally lowermost, portion, e.g.,  938 , of each respective tubular segment. 
     The water exiting and/or flowing  935  out of the nominally uppermost end of the illustrated PTO is elevated with respect to the aperture  910  through which it entered the PTO. The illustrated PTO, and especially more extensive, longer, and/or PTOs with greater numbers of spiral windings, are capable of elevating fluids to significant heights when driven by waves of sufficient energy, period, and surge length. And the gravitational potential energy imparted to fluids so elevated may then be passed through a water- or fluid-turbine in order to energize an operably-connected generator, thereby producing electrical power. The resulting gravitational potential energy of the elevated water can be used for other purposes in which the head pressure of the water is utilized directly, or for other useful purposes still. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure does not include, incorporate, and/or utilize, a generator. An embodiment of the present disclosure does not include, incorporate, and/or utilize, a water turbine. An embodiment of the present disclosure does not include, incorporate, and/or utilize, a turbine shaft, e.g., an embodiment utilizes a hubless water turbine which is itself a generator. 
       FIG.  104    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1000  of the present disclosure. The illustrated embodiment is similar to an “autonomous underwater vehicle” (AUV) and is capable of cruising through a body of water below its surface. However, in  FIG.  104    the embodiment is shown floating adjacent to an upper surface  1001  of a body of water over which waves are passing. With respect to the orientation of the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  104   , the “forward end” is at the top of the page (e.g., above the surface  1001  of the water), and the “back end”  1002  is at the bottom of the page, and the embodiment&#39;s propeller  1003  extends from the back end. The sides of the illustrated embodiment are referred to as “broad sides”, e.g.,  1004 , and “narrow sides”, e.g.,  1005 . 
     When cruising below the surface  1001  of a body of water, the embodiment&#39;s propeller  1003  typically pushes the embodiment toward its forward end. However, when the embodiment&#39;s propeller is rotated in an opposite direction, the propeller pulls the embodiment backward. 
     The embodiment incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, two stabilizing and/or directional fins, e.g.,  1006 , along each of its narrow sides, as well as one stabilizing and/or directional fin, e.g.,  1007 , on each of its broad sides, positioned adjacent to the back end  1002  of the embodiment. 
     At least in part because of its oblong shape with respect to horizontal cross-sections when floating adjacent to a surface  1001  of a body of water over which waves are passing, the embodiment will tend to orient itself, and/or be driven to an orientation, in which its broad sides are approximately parallel to the wave front  1008 , and/or normal to the direction of wave propagation  1009 . The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  104    is oriented such that its broad sides are aligned with a wave trough  1010 . Because of its tendency to adopt, and/or be driven to, this wave-front-aligned orientation, the embodiment tends to be rocked  1011  by waves within a plane of motion that is parallel to the direction of wave propagation  1009 . 
     Mounted to the top of the embodiment is a phased array radio antenna  1012 . 
       FIG.  105    shows a perspective top-down view of the same embodiment  1000  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  104   . In  FIG.  104    the embodiment is shown cruising through a body of water below its surface  1001 , as the result of thrust produced by its motor-driven propeller, where that motor is powered, at least in part, by electrical power generated by the embodiment&#39;s power take off (PTO) as it floated adjacent to the water&#39;s surface  1001  at some earlier time. 
     The embodiment&#39;s control system (not visible) steers the embodiment as it cruises through the articulation of flaps, e.g.,  1013 , incorporated within each of the four fins  1006  and  1014 - 1016  mounted and/or attached to its two narrow sides, e.g.,  1005  (with two fins on each narrow side), and through the articulation of flaps incorporated within each fin  1017  and  1007  (see  FIG.  104   ) mounted and/or attached to its two broad sides  1004  and  1018  (see  FIG.  104   ). In the illustration of  FIG.  105   , the embodiment&#39;s propeller  1003  is pushing the embodiment in a forward direction, i.e., toward the forward end  1019  of the embodiment. However, the embodiment&#39;s control system can also use the flaps on the embodiment&#39;s six fins to steer the embodiment when the control system rotates the propeller  1003  in an opposite direction, thereby pulling the embodiment backward in a direction in which the forward end  1019  becomes the trailing end. 
       FIG.  106    shows a side view of the same embodiment  1000  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  104  and  105   . 
     Propeller  1003  is operably-connected to propeller shaft  1020 . 
       FIG.  107    shows a side view of the same embodiment  1000  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  104 - 106   . 
       FIG.  108    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  1000  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  104 - 107   . 
       FIG.  109    shows a bottom-up view of the same embodiment  1000  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  104 - 108   . 
       FIG.  110    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  104 - 109    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  108    and the section is taken across line  110 - 110 . 
     Propeller  1003 , and the turbine shaft  1020  operably-connected to the propeller, are rotated by motor  1021  in either of two directions. The first direction of rotation generates thrust that pushes and/or propels the embodiment in a forward direction (i.e., toward the top of the page with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  110   ). The second direction of rotation generates thrust that pulls and/or propels the embodiment in a backward direction (i.e., toward the bottom of the page with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  110   ). Motor  1021  is energized, at least in part, by electrical energy produced by the embodiment&#39;s power take off (PTO)  1022 - 1024  which is identical to the PTO illustrated and described in  FIGS.  72 - 86   . A portion of the electrical energy that is produced by the embodiment&#39;s PTO is stored within an energy storage and computing module  1027 . And, a portion of the electrical energy that energizes motor  1021  is energy derived from, obtained from, and/or transmitted to the motor by, the embodiment&#39;s energy storage and computing module. 
     As illustrated and explained in relation to  FIGS.  72 - 86   , the PTO is comprised of adjacent columns of ramps and reservoirs (as illustrated in  FIGS.  78 - 80   ) which raise water (i.e., toward generator  1024 ) in response to wave action at the embodiment when the embodiment is floating in an approximately vertical orientation adjacent to the surface of a body of water over which waves pass (as illustrated in  FIG.  104   ). Turbine shaft  1023  ( 711  in  FIGS.  79  and  80   ) operably connects generator  1024  ( 702  in  FIGS.  79  and  80   ) to a water turbine (not visible in  FIG.  110   , see  726  in  FIGS.  79  and  80   ). 
     PTO  1022 - 1024  is positioned within a compartment and/or space  1025  within the embodiment&#39;s interior. Much of the embodiment&#39;s interior  1026  is comprised of a buoyant material, which includes, but is not limited to, structural polyurethane foam. 
     The embodiment incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, forward and back buoyancy and trim modules  1028  and  1029 , respectively, with, and/or through, which the embodiment&#39;s control system  1030  controls the orientation of the embodiment, especially when it cruises beneath the surface of the body of water in which it floats (as illustrated in  FIG.  105   ). A surplus of buoyancy, which the control system manifests through control of the forward and back buoyancy and trim modules helps position the embodiment while it floats in an approximately vertical orientation adjacent to the surface  1001  of a body of water in order to utilize the ambient wave action at the surface to energize its PTO by incrementally and/or successively driving water up the ramps (as illustrated in  FIGS.  78 - 80   ). 
     Because the embodiment tends to adopt, and/or be driven to, an azimuthal and/or lateral-angular orientation that aligns its broad sides with the prevailing and/or dominant wave front, and/or aligns its broad sides such that they approximately normal to the prevailing and/or dominant direction of wave propagation. Therefore, the rocking imparted to, and/or induced in, the embodiment in response to wave action tends to be aligned so as to lift water at the greatest possible rate within the PTO, and/or to impart a maximal amount of wave energy to the embodiment&#39;s PTO. 
     Through its phased-array antenna  1012 , the embodiment&#39;s control system  1030  receives encoded transmissions and/or signals of electromagnetic, radio, and/or optical, energy from remote sources and/or antennas. The control system decrypts, and/or interprets, those encoded signals and processes them. When appropriate, the control system transmits the data and/or computational tasks within an encoded signal to a network, collection, set, and/or plurality, of computing devices positioned and operating within the embodiment&#39;s energy storage and computing module  1027 . At least a portion, and typically all, of the computing devices and other electronic, optical, networking, memory, and other devices within the energy storage and computing module are energized by energy transmitted to them by the energy storage and computing module. 
     At least one computer within the energy storage and computing module  1027  may transmit to the control system  1030  at least a portion of computational results obtained from, and/or generated by, the execution of a computational task transmitted to one or more computers within the energy storage and computing module by the control system. The control system encrypts, formats, and/or encodes, data and/or computational results obtained from the computers in the energy storage and computing module, as well as data and/or computational results that it produces, and then transmits encoded transmissions and/or signals of electromagnetic, radio, and/or optical, energy to remote receivers and/or antennas. 
     The circuits and/or components within the embodiment&#39;s energy storage and computing module  1027  includes, but is not limited to: a plurality of computational circuits including, but not limited to: computer processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), tensor processing units (TPUs), quantum processing units (QPUs), and optical processing units. The energy storage and computing module also incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a plurality of memory circuits, a plurality of power management circuits, a plurality of network circuits, encryption/decryption circuits, etc., in addition to other circuits useful for the execution, completion, and/or implementation, of computational tasks, and for the gathering, sorting, compression, and/or storage, of computational results. The energy storage and computing module includes electronic circuits, optical circuits, and other types of circuits. 
     Heat generated by the activity, energization, and/or operation, of the electronic and/or optical circuits is transmitted, at least in part, conductively to the body of water  1001  in which the embodiment floats and/or operates. 
     The energy storage and computing module  1027  includes, but is not limited to: batteries, capacitors, electrolyzers, hydrogen storage components, fuel cells. 
       FIG.  111    shows a perspective view of the vertical sectional view illustrated in  FIG.  110   . 
       FIG.  112    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1100  of the present disclosure. The illustrated embodiment is a power take off (PTO) that elevates a fluid in response to rocking, and/or tilting, within a plane approximately parallel to the plane and/or wall about which stacks and/or arrays of ramps of opposing and/or complementary angles are separated. The illustrated PTO elevates its internal fluid in response to rocking within a plane parallel to a broad surface of a wall about which the embodiment&#39;s fluid flows, first flowing parallel and adjacent to a first side of the wall, then flowing around a vertical edge of the wall from the first side to a second side, then flowing parallel and adjacent to the second side of the wall, then flowing around a vertical edge of the wall from the first side to the second side, and then repeating such a pattern of flow until the fluid is discharged from the fluid-elevating ramps. 
     After being discharged from the fluid-elevating ramps, the fluid elevated by the embodiment in response to rocking, e.g., in response to wave action at a vessel to which the PTO is affixed or mounted, is directed into a high-energy fluid reservoir (not visible) and from there into an upper end of a turbine tube  1101  in which a hubless fluid turbine  1102  is positioned and rotated by the descending fluid within the turbine tube. The effluent from that fluid turbine is then collected within a low-energy fluid reservoir (not visible). 
     Fluid from the low-energy reservoir (not visible) is drawn into the lowest fluid-elevating ramp within the embodiment and is thereafter incrementally raised to ever increasing elevations within the embodiment until it is again discharged, and until it again imparts to the fluid turbine a portion of the gravitational potential energy imparted to it by the embodiment in response to rocking of the embodiment, e.g., in response to wave action. 
       FIG.  113    shows a side view of the same embodiment  1100  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  112   . 
       FIG.  114    shows a front side view of the same embodiment  1100  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  112  and  113   . 
       FIG.  115    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  1100  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 114   . 
       FIG.  116    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 115    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  115    and the section is taken across line  116 - 116 . 
     The illustrated section discloses an approximately vertical first array of inclined ramps and/or flumes, e.g.,  1103 , of a first angularity, angle, and/or slope, up and over which a fluid, e.g., water, inside the embodiment is able to flow, e.g.,  1104  from a respective basin, e.g.,  1124 . When the fluid flows, e.g.,  1105 , far enough along a flume, e.g.,  1103 , the fluid will tend to fall over a raised distal ramp edge and/or precipice, e.g.,  1106 , and become deposited, entrained, trapped, and/or captured, within a basin, spillway, and/or trough, e.g.,  1107 , positioned beneath each respective precipice and formed, instantiated, fabricated, and/or manifested, at least in part, by a floor, e.g.,  1128 . The fluid deposited into a spillway, e.g.,  1107 , is then able to flow up and over a complementary flume of a second angularity, angle, and/or slope, where the second slope is on opposite sign as the first slope with respect to a planar projection of the complementary ramps onto a Cartesian plot, i.e., if the ramps of the vertical array are ascending with respect to leftward flows (e.g. with respect to the orientation of the illustration in  FIG.  116   ), then the respective complementary flumes will be ascending with respect to rightward flows (perhaps by the same or similar angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the turbine pipe  1101 , and perhaps by a different angle). 
     When fluid flowing  1127  from the uppermost basin  1126  on and/or over flume  1130  flows  1108  to and over the uppermost raised distal ramp edge and/or precipice  1109  is deposited, entrained, trapped, and/or captured, within the embodiment&#39;s high-energy fluid reservoir  1110 , thereby tending to alter the height and/or level of that reservoir&#39;s surface  1111 . A bottom wall of the high-energy fluid reservoir is comprised, at least in part, of a wall  1129 . Fluid within the high-energy fluid reservoir is driven by gravity to flow  1112  downward within the interior channel  1113  of the turbine pipe  1101 . Eventually, the fluid flows  1114  into and through hubless fluid turbine  1115  thereby imparting rotational energy to the generator  1116  of the fluid turbine assembly  1102 , causing the generator to produce electrical power. 
     Effluent fluid flowing  1117  out of the hubless fluid turbine  1115  is deposited into the embodiment&#39;s low-energy fluid reservoir  1118  thereby tending to alter the height and/or level of that reservoir&#39;s surface  1119 . The embodiment&#39;s low-energy fluid reservoir  1118  is held, entrained, trapped, and/or captured, within a basin  1120 , comprised at least in part by a bottom wall  1131 , from which fluid is again drawn into the embodiment&#39;s PTO by flowing up and over a lowermost inclined ramp of a second approximately vertical array of inclined ramps (not visible in the section due to the placement of the section plane). 
     Please note that the fluid flows specified in  FIG.  116    do not occur unless the embodiment is to a sufficient degree and/or angle tilted (to the left, and/or in a counterclockwise direction, with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  116   , i.e., with the lower-right corner of the illustrated embodiment raised to an elevation and/or height sufficiently greater than the elevation and/or height of the lower-left corner). The flows indicated and discussed with respect to  FIG.  116    are illustrative of the actual flows that would occur in response to a favorable tilting of the embodiment. The fluid in the high-energy and low-energy fluid reservoirs show horizontal and/or flat, resting and/or un-tilted surfaces. However, in the event of tilting, the surfaces of those reservoirs would altered to remain normal to the force of gravity and/or tangentially parallel to an average surface of the Earth. 
       FIG.  117    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 116    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  115    and the section is taken across line  117 - 117 . Please note that the sectional illustration of  FIG.  117    reveals a portion of what was revealed by the sectional illustration of  FIG.  116   . 
     The sectional illustration of  FIG.  117    includes virtually the entire interior of the embodiment (i.e., simply removing by section the foremost lateral wall) whereas the sectional illustration of  FIG.  116    included only the backmost portion of the embodiment&#39;s interior. The sectional illustration of  FIG.  116    removed by section the second array of inclined ramps and/or flumes, and a medial wall and/or barrier that separates the adjacent first and second arrays of inclined ramps. Thus the medial wall separating the first and second arrays of flumes may be seen in the sectional illustration of  FIG.  117   , as well as the second array of flumes in the foreground of that medial wall. A portion of the first array of flumes (revealed without obstruction in the sectional illustration of  FIG.  116   ) may be seen behind the medial wall in the sectional illustration of  FIG.  117   . 
     In response to a favorable tilt of the embodiment  1100 , fluid  1118  pooled within the embodiment&#39;s low-energy fluid reservoir  1118  flows  1134  up, and along, flume  1131  there after flowing  1135  over the precipice at the end of that flume, thereby falling into basin  1124 . Fluid pooled, deposited, collected, and/or standing, in basin  1124 , will, in response to a favorable tilt, then flow ( 1104  in  FIG.  116   ) up flume  1103 , positioned on the far side (with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  117   ) of the medial wall  1136 , with relative left  1137  and right  1138  edges, and flow  1105  into basin  1107 . Fluid pooled, deposited, collected, and/or standing, in basin  1107 , will, in response to a favorable tilt, then flow up a complementary flume  1139  and flow  1140  into basin  1125 . 
     This process of fluid in the embodiment flowing up and over the precipice of one flume, and subsequently being depositing into a respective basin adjacent to a first vertical edge and/or side of the medial wall separating complementary flumes and/or arrays of flumes, and thereafter flowing up and over the precipice of a complementary (e.g., a flume of an opposite slope) flume, and subsequently being depositing into a respective basin adjacent to a second and/or opposite vertical edge and/or side of the medial wall, continues until the fluid is lifted, elevated, and/or flows into the embodiment&#39;s high-energy fluid reservoir  1110 . 
     Fluid pooled, deposited, collected, and/or standing, in basin  1141 , will, in response to a favorable tilt, flow ( 1142  in  FIG.  116   ) up a flume  1133  and flow over that flume&#39;s precipice and be deposited into basin  1123 . Fluid pooled, deposited, collected, and/or standing, in basin  1123 , will, in response to a favorable tilt, flow  1143  up a complementary flume  1132  and flow  1144  over that flume&#39;s precipice  1145  and be deposited into basin  1126 . Fluid pooled, deposited, collected, and/or standing, in basin  1126 , will, in response to a favorable tilt, flow ( 1127  in  FIG.  116   ) up a complementary flume  1130  and flow  1108  over that flume&#39;s precipice  1109  and be deposited into the embodiment&#39;s high-energy fluid reservoir  1110 . 
     Fluid pooled, deposited, collected, and/or standing, in the embodiment&#39;s high-energy fluid reservoir  1110  flows, in response to the pull of gravity, into and through turbine pipe  1101  wherein it flows through, energizes, and causes to rotate a hubless fluid turbine ( 1115  in  FIG.  116   ) thereby imparting rotational kinetic energy to the hubless fluid turbine&#39;s operably-connected generator ( 1116  in  FIG.  116   ), thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. The fluid effluent flowing  1117  out of the turbine pipe  1101  is deposited into the embodiment&#39;s low-energy fluid reservoir, and will, in response to a favorable tilt of the embodiment, flow up flume  1131  and into basin  1124 , and begin the tilt-energized electrical power production cycle again. 
     Please note that the fluid flows specified in  FIG.  117    do not occur unless the embodiment is to a sufficient degree and/or angle tilted (to the right, and/or in a clockwise direction, with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  117   , i.e., with the lower-left corner of the illustrated embodiment raised to an elevation and/or height sufficiently greater than the elevation and/or height of the lower-right corner). The flows indicated and discussed with respect to  FIG.  117    are illustrative of the actual flows that would occur in response to a favorable tilting of the embodiment. The fluid in the high-energy and low-energy fluid reservoirs show horizontal and/or flat, resting and/or un-tilted surfaces. However, in the event of tilting, the surfaces of those reservoirs would altered to remain normal to the force of gravity and/or tangentially parallel to an average surface of the Earth. 
     The cyclic clockwise and counterclockwise tilting of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 117   , when that tilting is of sufficient degree, angularity, and/or extent, and of sufficient duration, and/or period, will cause fluid to incrementally flow from basin to basin within the embodiment until that fluid is deposited within the high-energy fluid reservoir and imparts a portion of its energy, stored within the fluid as gravitational potential energy, to the fluid turbine within the turbine pipe, thereby enabling the generator operably-connected to the fluid turbine to produce electrical power. 
       FIG.  118    shows a top-down sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 117    wherein the slanted, but approximately horizontal, section plane is specified in  FIGS.  116  and  117    and the section is taken across line  118 - 118 . 
     Chamber  1120  entrains, holds, stores, and/or encloses, the embodiment&#39;s low-energy fluid reservoir ( 1118  in  FIGS.  116  and  117   ). The adjacent flume arrays are encased within four lateral outer walls  1156 . The first array of flumes (e.g.,  1103 ,  1130 ,  1133 , and  1148  in  FIG.  116   ) is separated from the second array of flumes (e.g.,  1131 ,  1132 ,  1139 ,  1151 , and  1152  in  FIG.  117   ) by medial wall  1136 , which is characterized by left  1137  and right  1138  vertical edges. 
     Fluid flowing  1154  up flume  1152  flows  1155  over precipice  1157  and is deposited into basin  1146 . Fluid then flows  1158  laterally within basin  1146  from the side of that basin below (with respect to the illustration in  FIG.  118   ) the medial wall  1136 , and adjacent to medial wall edge  1138 , to the side of that basin above the medial wall, after which it flows  1147  up flume  1148  until it flows  1149  over precipice  1159  and is deposited into basin  1150 . Fluid then flows  1160  laterally within basin  1150  from the side of that basin above (with respect to the illustration in  FIG.  118   ) the medial wall  1136 , and adjacent to medial wall edge  1137 , to the side of that basin below the medial wall, after which it flows  1153  up flume  1151  passing above the section plane and out of the illustration&#39;s field of view. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    is an example and is not a limitation on the scope of the present invention. The angles of the flumes are arbitrary and embodiments with flumes of any angle, and any variety of angles, are included in the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    may be mounted to a buoy, ship, vessel, autonomous surface vessel (ASV), autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), and to any other vessel, vehicle, floating object, or anchored, tethered, or moored object. All combinations of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    comprises only a single first, and a single second, array of flumes. However, other embodiments included within the scope of the present invention incorporate, include, and/or utilize, two or more complementary pairs of first and second flume arrays. All such embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    comprises a particular number of flumes per flume array. However, other embodiments included within the scope of the present invention incorporate, include, and/or utilize, one, two, three, and any number of flumes per flume array. All such embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     An embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    utilizes water as its fluid, and air as the gas through which the water flows. However, other embodiments included within the scope of the present invention incorporate, include, and/or utilize, other types, kinds, and/or mixtures of fluids, both liquid and gaseous. All such embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    comprises flumes of particular widths and lengths. However, other embodiments included within the scope of the present invention incorporate, include, and/or utilize, flumes of different widths and/or different lengths. All such embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a hubless fluid turbine and an operably-connected generator. However, other embodiments included within the scope of the present invention incorporate, include, and/or utilize, other types of fluid turbines and/or other types of generators. Some embodiments do not utilize a turbine and instead utilize the circulated fluid (e.g., stirring) and/or the fluids gravitational potential energy for another useful purpose. Some embodiments do not utilize an electrical generator and instead utilize the head pressure of their respective elevated fluids to create some other type of energy (e.g., compressed air, compressed hydraulic fluid) or to perform some type of useful work (e.g., raising a fluid out of a body of freshwater buffeted by waves to an elevated location on an adjacent shoreline). 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    is designed to be mounted to, and/or used in conjunction with, a wave-buffeted platform floating on a body of water. However, other embodiments included within the scope of the present invention are mounted to, and/or combined with, or used in conjunction with, other devices characterized by, and/or capable of imparting to an embodiment, the rocking and/or tilting motion required for it to operate. All such embodiments are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    may be combined with the seafloor-mounted, near-shore wave-driven apparatus illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 86   . In fact, the embodiment of the present disclosure disclosed in  FIGS.  112 - 118    is similar to the power take off (PTO) incorporated, included, and/or utilized, within the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 86   . A difference between the two PTOs is that the PTO of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 86    uses inclined ramps to deposit fluid into a basin that is characterized by a horizontal bottom and uses precipices that have a vertical wall beneath each precipice (e.g., similar to a “cliff”). Whereas the PTO of  FIGS.  112 - 118    uses inclined ramps to deposit fluid into a basin that is an extension of the inclined ramp arising and/or ascending from it, and uses precipices that are extensions of the end of each inclined ramp so that the void beneath each precipice provides each respective basin with additional volume in which to entrain and/or hold fluid. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89    incorporate, include, and/or utilize, power take offs of the kinds illustrated in  FIGS.  12 - 14 ,  25 - 37 ,  41 - 54 , and  63 - 67   . The scope of the present invention includes embodiments which incorporate, include, and/or utilize, other versions, alternatives, variations, modifications, and/or alterations of the wave- and/or tilt-induced water-lifting power take offs illustrated and explained herein as examples of the present disclosure. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples which have been provided for the purpose of explanation. The examples of the present disclosure included herein are not limitations in any respect on the scope of the present invention. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a first set of basins out of which fluid can flow through respective first set of inclined channels in response to a tilt and/or a rotation of the embodiment in a first direction, and a second set of basins out of which fluid can flow through respective second set of inclined channels in response to a tilt and/or a rotation of the embodiment in a second direction, wherein fluid flows out of at least one of the first set of inclined channels so as to be deposited in at least one of the second set of basins that is further from the source of the fluid being elevated by the embodiment than was the basin from which fluid flowed into the at least one of the first set of inclined channels, wherein fluid flows out of at least one of the second set of inclined channels so as to be deposited in at least one of the first set of basins that is further from the source of the fluid being elevated by the embodiment than was the basin from which fluid flowed into the at least one of the second set of inclined channels, and wherein the first direction of tilt is opposite the second direction of tilt with respect to a plane through which the embodiment tilts and a gravitational unit vector about which the embodiment tilts within the plane. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, Tesla valves within a plurality of channels through which fluid flows back and forth, thereby being raised to greater elevations, when the embodiment is tilted in favorable directions, to sufficient degrees of tilting, and for sufficient periods of time in tilted orientations. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure incorporate, include, and/or utilize, as their working fluids, liquids that include, but are not limited to: water, seawater, salted water, aqueous solutions, oil, hydraulic fluid, petrochemicals, liquid nitrogen, liquified hydrogen, aqueous slurries, hydrocarbon slurries, and other types of slurries. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure incorporate, include, and/or utilize, as the gaseous compliments to their working fluids, gases that include, but are not limited to: air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure incorporate, include, and/or utilize, pairs of working fluids of differing densities, such that the fluid of greater density is the one elevated by the embodiment, and the fluid of lesser density is the one that tends to either not flow or flow in an opposite or complementary direction to the direction in which the fluid of greater density flows. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure incorporate, include, and/or utilize, are operated in an inverted orientation to that shown in the figures herein. These embodiments utilize favorable tilting to move a gas downward, thereby tending to pressurize the gas as it is incrementally moved, and/or as it incrementally flows, downward. Such embodiments may use the pressurized air to drive an air turbine, or to perform some other useful work. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure operate a variety of internal pressures. An embodiment utilizes favorable tilting to elevate fluids within a highly pressurized interior. Another embodiment utilizes favorable tilting to elevate fluids within an interior at low pressure, or near vacuum. 
     Many varieties of embodiments have been disclosed as examples and illustrations of the present disclosure, and some of those embodiments incorporate features, components, elements, designs, and/or attributes, that are illustrated only for a single or very few of the embodiments. The scope of the present invention includes any and all combinations, recombinations, arrangements, variations, permutations, and alterations, of the features, components, elements, designs, and/or attributes, of the illustrated embodiments regardless of the relative numbers of illustrated embodiments for which those features, components, elements, designs, and/or attributes, were included. 
       FIG.  119    shows a side perspective view of an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In response to tilting of the embodiment  1200  about a longitudinal axis  1201  of the embodiment having approximate radial symmetry, nominally as a result of wave action at the embodiment while the embodiment floats and/or is suspended within and/or at the surface of a body of water, a fluid (nominally water) is gravitationally driven to flow up upwardly inclined ramps from respective source fluid reservoirs to be deposited within respective deposition fluid reservoirs. Fluid is first drawn and lifted from a base fluid reservoir (not visible) of minimal gravitational potential energy after which it is serially, incrementally, and/or successively, driven by repeated tilting of the relative orientation of gravitational force within the embodiment, to flow up from source fluid reservoirs to deposition fluid reservoirs, where the deposition fluid reservoirs are of greater and/or increased height above the embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir than are the source fluid reservoirs from which the fluid flowed, with each fluid deposition reservoir serving as the source fluid reservoir for a subsequent tilt, e.g., a tile in an approximately opposite direction to the tilt which drove fluid into it. 
     From an uppermost fluid reservoir, fluid drains and/or flows into one of a plurality of power-take-off pipes (not visible) and therethrough into and through one of a respective plurality of fluid turbines (not visible) each of which is operatively connected to a respective electrical generator (not visible). Each electrical generator produces electrical power in response to a flow of fluid down and through its respective power-take-off pipe. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  119    is marked by a plurality of coaxial cylindrical segments. At the top of the embodiment is an uppermost fluid reservoir encased by an outer casing  1202  comprising upper circular and lateral cylindrical casing walls. And below it, and fluidly connected to it, are 34 elevation levels, each encased within a lateral and/or circumferential outer casing wall, e.g.  1203 - 1205 , each elevation level tending to raise fluid by a height equal to the height of each elevation level in response to a pair of complementary tilts (e.g. a tilt in one relative azimuthal direction followed by a tilt in an approximately opposite relative azimuthal direction). Finally, below the elevation levels is a base fluid reservoir, encased by an outer casing comprising lower circular (not visible) and lateral cylindrical casing walls  1206 , from which fluid is raised by the favorable tilting of the embodiment, and to which fluid is returned from the uppermost fluid reservoir after having flowing through a fluid turbine and/or other flow governor. 
     While the illustrations in  FIGS.  119  and  142   , for the purpose of improved clarity of explanation, show the embodiment as though it were comprised of segmented and/or distinct functional units, and their respective segmented outer casings, an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 142    is an integrated assembly housed within an integrated and virtually seamless cylindrical casing. 
     In response to a plurality (e.g. at least 34) favorable tilts (i.e. tilts characterized by azimuthal angles, zenith angles, and durations sufficient to cause fluid to flow within the embodiment from one or more fluid reservoirs of respective first elevations to one or more complementary fluid reservoirs of respective second elevations where the second elevations are greater than the respective first elevations) the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  119    raises fluid from its base fluid reservoir (not visible within outer casing  1206 ) to its uppermost fluid reservoir (not visible within outer casing  1202 ), after which the raised fluid enters and descends through a power-take-off pipe (not visible) and therethrough flows through a fluid turbine and returns to the base fluid reservoir from which it was raised—generating electrical power in the process. 
     After a sufficient number of favorable tilts, fluid within the embodiment  1200  has been raised by height approximately equal to the height of each of the 34 elevation segments, and the total gravitational potential energy of the raised fluid is approximately equal to the total height of the 34 elevation segments. The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 144    is characterized by particular inclination angles of ramps, vertical separation of fluid reservoirs (e.g. heights of elevation levels), numbers of elevation segments, diameter, fluid reservoir volumes, etc., all of which are to a degree arbitrary. 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes embodiments possessing unique, different, and/or all variety of inclination angles of ramps, vertical separation of fluid reservoirs (e.g. heights of elevation levels), numbers of elevation segments, diameter, fluid reservoir volumes, etc.; as well as those possessing unique, different, and/or all variety of horizontal cross-sectional shapes (e.g. circular, elliptical, hexagonal, square, rectangular, and irregular), vertical cross-sectional shapes (e.g. rectangular, square, elliptical, hourglass, and irregular), 3D shapes (e.g. cylindrical, cuboidal, prismatic, and irregular). 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes embodiments which raise, process, and/or act upon any and all types of fluids, including, but not limited to: water, seawater, salted water, ammonia, metallic slurries, fluidic suspensions, liquid metals, and mercury. The scope of the present disclosure includes embodiments which are otherwise filled with any and all types of gases (through which the respective fluids flow), including, but not limited to: air, nitrogen, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes embodiments which operate in an orientation inverted with respect to the embodiment orientation illustrated in  FIG.  119   . These embodiments tend to raise, process, and/or act upon any and all types of gases and/or gaseous fluids (e.g. driving those gases downward toward the “uppermost fluid reservoir” which is in this context below the base fluid reservoir) after which the lowered gases flow upward through the power-take-off pipes and through air turbines (causing operatively connected electrical generators to produce electrical power) before returning to the air stored within the now-uppermost base fluid reservoir. 
       FIG.  120    shows a side perspective view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  119   . The illustration in  FIG.  120    omits the outer casing walls, e.g.  1202 - 1206 , illustrated in  FIG.  119   , which together encapsulate and/or seal the embodiment&#39;s interior thereby preventing the passage of fluid out of that interior as well as preventing the passage of outside matter into that interior, in order to facilitate the reader&#39;s inspection of the internal components of which the embodiment is comprised. 
     Fluid present in the embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir  1207  tends to be of sufficient level and/or volume to cause a portion of the fluid to be present on and/or at the lowermost end of the embodiment&#39;s lowermost upwardly inclined ramps (not visible). In response to a favorable tilt of the embodiment a portion of the fluid at the lowermost end of at least one of the embodiment&#39;s lowermost upwardly inclined ramps will tend to flow up the inclined ramp(s) toward the center of the embodiment, and/or toward the longitudinal axis of the embodiment. If such a favorable tilt is of sufficient duration (e.g. with respect to the length(s) of the inclined ramp(s), the relative angle(s) between gravity and the flow axis(axes) of the inclined ramp(s), and the viscosity of the fluid) then a portion of the flowing fluid will tend to reach and be deposited within a lowermost central fluid reservoir (e.g. not visible and similar to the embodiment&#39;s uppermost central fluid reservoir  1208 ). 
     A continuation of that same favorable tilt will tend to result in fluid continuing to flow up one or more of the inclined ramp(s) of the central fluid reservoir away the center of the embodiment following its deposition therein into the lowermost central fluid reservoir (not visible). And, if this same favorable tilt is of sufficient duration then a portion of the still flowing fluid will tend to reach and be deposited within a lowermost peripheral fluid reservoir (e.g. not visible and similar to the embodiment&#39;s uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209 ). 
     An end of the initial favorable tilt will tend to result in the fluid deposited into the lowermost central fluid reservoir (not visible) being trapped therein due to the increase in the gravitational potential energy that must be overcome in order for the fluid to continue flowing as a result of the reorientation of the relative alignment of gravity associated with the end of the favorable tilt. 
     A sufficient number of favorable tilts will tend to result in the raising and/or upward flowing of fluid from the base fluid reservoir  1207  to the uppermost central fluid reservoir  1208 . A subsequent favorable tilt, or a continuation of the prior favorable tilt, will tend to drive fluid within the uppermost central fluid reservoir to flow  1210  up and off the end of at least one of the inclined ramps, e.g.  1211 , radiating away from the uppermost central fluid reservoir thereby causing a portion of that fluid to be deposited into the embodiment&#39;s uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209 . 
     A portion of any fluid deposited into the the embodiment&#39;s uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209  will tend to flow  1212  into and down one of the embodiment&#39;s three power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1213 . Fluid flowing down and through one of the embodiment&#39;s power-take-off pipes will encounter and engage a fluid turbine (e.g. water turbine, not visible) which will extract as mechanical energy a portion of the accumulated fluid head and/or gravitational potential energy of the descending fluid thereby causing an electrical generator, e.g.  1215 , operatively connected to the fluid turbine by a turbine shaft, e.g.  1218 , to generate electrical power. The effluent of each of the embodiment&#39;s fluid turbines flows back into the embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir  1207  from where it may again be raised by the embodiment&#39;s inclined ramps to the embodiment&#39;s uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209 . 
     Barrier walls, e.g.  1214 , prevent fluid deposited within the embodiment&#39;s uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209  from returning to, and/or flowing back down and into, the relatively lower uppermost central fluid reservoir  1208  from which it originated. 
     The lower surface which establishes and/or entrains the embodiment&#39;s uppermost central fluid reservoir  1208  is provided by a central circular structure primarily comprised of a conical plate  1216  characterized by cone that expands upwardly as one moves away from its center, i.e. the height of any annular section of the cone is positively correlated with the radial distance of that annular section from the cone&#39;s center, and one in which inclined ramps, e.g.  1211 , are formed as upwardly projected radial extensions of the central conical plate. 
     Similarly, the lower surface which establishes and/or entrains the embodiment&#39;s uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209  is provided by an annular structure primarily comprised of a frustoconical plate  1217  that expands upwardly as one moves toward its radial center, i.e. the height of any annular section of the frustoconical plate is inversely correlated with the radial distance of that annular section from the plate&#39;s center, and one in which inclined ramps, e.g.  1211 , are formed as upwardly projected radial convergences originating near the periphery of the plate and extending, in an upward manner, toward the longitudinal axis at the center of the plate. 
       FIG.  121    shows a bottom-up perspective view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  119  and  120   . As does the illustration in  FIG.  120   , the illustration in  FIG.  121    omits the outer casing walls, e.g.  1202 - 1206 , illustrated in  FIG.  119   , which together encapsulate and/or seal the embodiment&#39;s interior thereby preventing the passage of fluid out of that interior as well as preventing the passage of outside matter into that interior, in order to facilitate the reader&#39;s inspection of the internal components of which the embodiment is comprised. 
     Fluid that has been raised to the uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir ( 1209  in  FIG.  120   ) tends to flow into one of three power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1213 , through which it tends to flow down and through a respective fluid turbine, e.g.  1219 , thereby causing that fluid turbine to rotate thereby causing an operatively connected turbine shaft, e.g.  1218 , to rotate. Rotations of the turbine shaft, e.g.  1218 , tend to cause an operatively connected electrical generator, e.g.  1215 , to produce electrical power (which is then transmitted to an electrical load, not shown, by electrical conductors, not shown). After flowing through a fluid turbine, e.g.  1219 , fluid flowing down through a power-take-off pipe, e.g.  1213 , is returned to the embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir  1207  nominally contained, entrained, held, and/or stored, within the base fluid reservoir outer casing ( 1206  in  FIG.  119   ). 
     Fluid from the base fluid reservoir  1207  tends to flow, e.g.  1220  and  1221 , into three ramp apertures, e.g.  1222  and  1223 , which would accommodate the inclined ramps radiating outward and upward from a lower central fluid reservoir conical plate. However, the peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1224  is the lowestmost peripheral or central fluid reservoir conical plate in the embodiment, so these ramp apertures are unobstructed by ramps and fluid from the base fluid reservoir is therefore able to flow on to and/or into the lowermost peripheral fluid reservoir through any and/or all of these apertures, and from that lowestmost peripheral fluid reservoir fluid may be incrementally raised, lifted, elevated, and/or driven upwards through a fluidly interconnected network of peripheral and central fluid reservoirs and the inclined ramps that fluidly connect them. 
       FIG.  122    shows a side view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 121   . As do the illustrations in  FIGS.  120  and  121   , the illustration in  FIG.  122    omits the outer casing walls, e.g.  1202 - 1206 , illustrated in  FIG.  119   , which together encapsulate and/or seal the embodiment&#39;s interior thereby preventing the passage of fluid out of that interior as well as preventing the passage of outside matter into that interior, in order to facilitate the reader&#39;s inspection of the internal components of which the embodiment is comprised. 
       FIG.  123    shows a top-down perspective view of a typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225 , of which the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 122    is in part comprised, and wherein only the uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate ( 1217  in  FIG.  120   ) of that embodiment is of a significantly altered design, configuration, and/or structure. 
     The circular junction  1226  and/or seam between the upper surface  1227  of a typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225  and the inner surface of the cylindrical wall  1228  surrounding and/or defining the outer edge of that peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate constitutes the lowest portion of a fluid reservoir entrained on and/or in a peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate. By contrast, the upper surface at the lateral center of a typical and/or intermediary central fluid reservoir conical plate (not shown in  FIG.  123   ) constitutes the lowest portion of a fluid reservoir entrained on and/or in a central fluid reservoir conical plate. 
     The diodic flow channel established and/or created within an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as the one illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 122   , which successively raises, lifts, and/or elevates, a fluid is comprised, aside from its uppermost and lowermost ends, of a series of interleaved peripheral-frustoconical and central-conical fluid reservoir plates. In response to favorable tilting motions, the fluid within such an embodiment tends to flow toward, into, and through, the center of a central fluid reservoir, and then flow away that center of the central fluid reservoir and toward, and into, a peripheral fluid reservoir surrounding the central fluid reservoir. 
     The fluid tends to flow from a peripheral fluid reservoir to a central fluid reservoir and then back to a peripheral fluid reservoir, and then back to a central fluid reservoir, and so on . . . Each time flowing into a fluid reservoir positioned so that its lowest reservoir boundary is at a greater height above and/or away from a respective base reservoir, than was the lowest reservoir boundary of the fluid reservoir from which it flowed, until the fluid eventually flows into a respective uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir, and then back to the respective base fluid reservoir from which it had been raised. 
     In order to accomplish, establish, define, and/or create this flow path the lowest portion of a peripheral fluid reservoir from which a fluid flows into and/or through an adjacent fluidly connected central fluid reservoir, is lower than the lowest portion of that fluidly connected central fluid reservoir. Likewise, the lowest portion of a central fluid reservoir from which a fluid flows out to and into an adjacent fluidly connected peripheral fluid reservoir, is lower than the lowest portion of that fluidly connected peripheral fluid reservoir. Each fluid reservoir (whether peripheral or central) into which a fluid flows has a lowest reservoir boundary that is higher than the lowest reservoir boundary of the fluid reservoir from which it flows. 
     The intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate illustrated in  FIG.  123    contains a central hole  1229  and/or cutout. Fluid flowing, e.g.  1230 , out and over the distal edge, e.g.  1231 , of an inclined ramp emanating from a central fluid reservoir conical plate having a lower reservoir than the illustrated peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate will flow, e.g.  1230 , down and into the higher peripheral fluid reservoir entrained by intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225 . Such fluid cannot flow back into its respective underlying central fluid reservoir because of vertical ramp-separation walls, e.g.  1232  and  1233 , as well as a seam, e.g.  1234 , created by a bottom surface of the inclined ramp, e.g.  1231 , of such a central fluid reservoir, and an upper surface  1227  of the intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate. 
     Fluid that flows, e.g.  1235 , out and over the distal edge, e.g.  1236 , of an inclined ramp emanating from a central fluid reservoir conical plate having a lower reservoir than the illustrated peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate will flow into, and/or create, a peripheral fluid reservoir on and/or within intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225 . Subsequently, in response to a favorable tilt, a portion of that augmented peripheral fluid reservoir may flow circumferentially about and/or through the reservoir in a clockwise (from above) direction, e.g. flow  1237 , or a portion of that augmented peripheral fluid reservoir may flow circumferentially about and/or through the reservoir in a counterclockwise (from above) direction, e.g. flow  1238 . 
     Because of the bounding obstructions created by the power-take-off pipe  1213 , and the mid-ramp separation wall  1239 , to the left (with respect to  FIG.  123   ) of the segment of the peripheral fluid reservoir into which fluid flowed  1235 , a flow  1237  of fluid in a clockwise direction (from above) is prevented from further travel about and/or around the circumference of the peripheral fluid reservoir in that direction before being compelled to travel upward over, across, and/or through, the rightmost (from above) half  1240  of the respective inclined ramp, whereupon and/or whereafter it will flow into a central fluid reservoir conical plate having a higher reservoir than the illustrated peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate. 
     Because of the bounding obstructions created by the power-take-off pipe  1241 , and the mid-ramp separation wall  1242 , to the right (with respect to  FIG.  123   ) of the segment of the peripheral fluid reservoir into which fluid flowed  1235 , a flow  1238  of fluid in a counterclockwise direction (from above) is prevented from further travel about and/or around the circumference of the peripheral fluid reservoir in that direction before being compelled to travel upward over, across, and/or through, the leftmost (from above) half  1243  of the respective inclined ramp, whereupon and/or whereafter it will flow into a central fluid reservoir conical plate having a higher reservoir than the illustrated peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate. 
       FIG.  124    shows a top-down view of the same typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate illustrated in  FIG.  123   . 
       FIG.  125    shows a side view of the same typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate illustrated in  FIGS.  123  and  124   . 
       FIG.  126    shows a cross-sectional side view of the same typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate illustrated in  FIGS.  123 - 125   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  124    and the section is taken across line  126 - 126 . 
       FIG.  127    shows a perspective view of the same cross-sectional side view of the typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate illustrated in  FIG.  126   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  124    and the section is taken across line  126 - 126 . 
       FIG.  128    shows a perspective top-down view of a typical and/or intermediary central fluid reservoir conical plate  1244 . The longitudinal axis of the embodiment  1201  (and  1201  in  FIG.  119   ) passes through the horizontal center of the central fluid reservoir conical plate  1244  when the plate is deployed within the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 122   . And, lower and higher adjacent peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plates are fluidly connected to each central fluid reservoir conical plate, and the horizontal center of each is on the same longitudinal axis  1201 . 
     Each central fluid reservoir conical plate  1244  includes, incorporates, and/or utilizes three upwardly inclined radially extending ramps  1245 - 1247 . And, each central fluid reservoir conical plate incorporates three ramp cutouts, e.g.  1248 , into which complementary inclined ramps of adjacent peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plates fit and are therein positioned. Between a lower surface of each inclined ramp of a lower peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate (not shown in  FIG.  128   ) and an upper surface, e.g.  1249 , of the central fluid reservoir conical plate, meet to form a seam along the edge, e.g.  1250 , of each ramp cutout, e.g.  1248 . 
     Vertical ramp-separation walls, e.g.  1232  and  1233 , are continuous between adjacent peripheral frustoconical and central conical fluid reservoir plates, thereby directing water along the respective ramps, and preventing its falling back to a lower level and/or reservoir. 
       FIG.  129    shows a top-down view of the same typical and/or intermediary central fluid reservoir conical plate illustrated in  FIG.  128   . 
       FIG.  130    shows a side view of the same typical and/or intermediary central fluid reservoir conical plate illustrated in  FIGS.  128  and  129   . The lowest point and/or portion of a central fluid reservoir that forms, and/or is created by fluid inflow, is inside the conical plate above the conical plate&#39;s vertex  1251 . 
       FIG.  131    shows a cross-sectional side view of the same typical and/or intermediary central fluid reservoir conical plate illustrated in  FIGS.  128  and  129   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  129    and the section is taken across line  131 - 131 . 
       FIG.  132    shows a perspective view of the same cross-sectional side view of the typical and/or intermediary central fluid reservoir conical plate illustrated in  FIG.  132   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  129    and the section is taken across line  131 - 131 . 
       FIG.  133    shows a perspective top-down view of an assembly of a typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225  which is fluidly connected to lower and upper  1244 B central fluid reservoir conical plates. 
     In response to a favorable tilt, fluid from the lower central fluid reservoir flows  1252  from and over inclined ramp  1245 A of the lower central fluid reservoir conical plate, and is deposited onto the surface of the peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225  where it tends to flow toward the lowest part of the peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate which is adjacent to, and surrounds the junction between the upper surface of that plate and the circumferential wall and/or barrier  1228  which surrounds it. 
     In response to a favorable tilt, fluid flows  1253  from the peripheral fluid reservoir flows from and over inclined ramp  1254  of the peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225 , and is deposited onto the surface of the upper central fluid reservoir conical plate  1244 B where it tends to flow toward the lowest part of the central fluid reservoir conical plate which is at the horizontal center of that plate, at the intersection of that plate with the longitudinal axis ( 1201  of  FIG.  128   ) of the embodiment. 
     In response to a favorable tilt, fluid from the upper central fluid reservoir flows  1255  from and over inclined ramp  1246 B of the upper central fluid reservoir conical plate, and is deposited onto the surface of another peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate (not shown). 
     In the fashion illustrated in  FIG.  133   , favorable tilting of the embodiment comprising such alternating stacks of peripheral-frustoconical and central-conical reservoir plates results in an upward migration and/or flow of fluid. 
       FIG.  134    shows a top-down view of the same assembly that is illustrated in  FIG.  133    of a typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225  which is fluidly connected to lower and upper  1244 B central fluid reservoir conical plates. The assembly includes sections and/or segments of the embodiment&#39;s three power-take-off pipes  1213 ,  1241  and  1256 . 
       FIG.  135    shows a cross-sectional side view of the same assembly that is illustrated in  FIGS.  133  and  134    of a typical and/or intermediary peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate  1225  which is fluidly connected to lower  1244 A and upper  1244 B central fluid reservoir conical plates, wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  134    and the section is taken across line  135 - 135 . 
     In response to a favorable tilt, fluid flows  1253 A out of a peripheral fluid reservoir (not shown) in the stack of peripheral and central fluid reservoirs of the which the illustrated assembly is a part and flows into and is deposited within a central fluid reservoir  1244 A. In response to a subsequent favorable tilt, or in response to an extended duration of the original favorable tilt, fluid flows  1255 A up, over, and off of, an inclined ramp  1246 A of central fluid reservoir  1244 A, and is deposited within a peripheral fluid reservoir  1225 . Note that the lowest point  1258  and/or elevation of the peripheral fluid reservoir  1225  into which the fluid flowed is above the lowest point  1257  and/or elevation of the central fluid reservoir  1244 A from which it flowed. 
     In response to a favorable tilt, fluid flows  1253 B out of the peripheral fluid reservoir  1225  and flows into and is deposited within a central fluid reservoir  1244 B. Note that the lowest point  1258  and/or elevation of the peripheral fluid reservoir  1225  from which the fluid flowed is below the lowest point  1259  and/or elevation of the central fluid reservoir  1244 B into which it flowed. In response to a subsequent favorable tilt, or in response to an extended duration of the original favorable tilt, fluid flows  1255 B up, over, and off of, an inclined ramp  1246 B of central fluid reservoir  1244 B, and is deposited within another peripheral fluid reservoir (not shown) in the stack of peripheral and central fluid reservoirs of the which the illustrated assembly is a part. 
       FIG.  136    shows a perspective view of the same cross-sectional side view of the same assembly that is illustrated in  FIG.  135   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  134    and the section is taken across line  135 - 135 . 
       FIG.  137    shows a cross-sectional side view of the embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 122   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  122    and the section is taken across line  137 - 137 . While the illustration of the embodiment presented in  FIG.  122    omitted the outer casing(s) of the device, the sectional illustration in  FIG.  137    includes that casing. 
     Either because the volume of fluid in the base fluid reservoir  1207  of the embodiment exceeds a minimum such volume, or in response to a favorable tilt, fluid from the base fluid reservoir flows  1221  into an aperture between the lowest peripheral frustoconical fluid reservoir plate  1224  and the lowest central conical fluid reservoir plate  1244 . Thereafter, in response to a succession and/or series of favorable tilts of the embodiment, e.g. in response to wave action while the embodiment is suspended and/or floating in a body of water, the fluid that flows  1221  into the lowest peripheral fluid reservoir will flow from a peripheral fluid reservoir to a central fluid reservoir of greater elevation, and then to another peripheral fluid reservoir of even greater elevation, and so on . . . until a portion of that fluid flows  1210  from the highest central conical fluid reservoir plate  1216 , over one of its inclined ramps, e.g.  1211 , and down and into the highest peripheral fluid reservoir entrained on and/or within the highest peripheral frustoconical fluid reservoir plate  1217 . 
     A portion of the fluid that flows into the highest peripheral fluid reservoir will then flow  1260  across, over, and/or within that highest peripheral fluid reservoir until it encounters and flows  1212 A into one of the embodiment&#39;s three power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1213 . After which the fluid will flow  1212 B down through the respective power-take-off pipe and encounter, flow  1212 C through, and cause to rotate, a respective fluid turbine, e.g.  1219 . The resulting rotation of the fluid turbine, e.g. water turbine, will cause the fluid turbine&#39;s respective turbine shaft, e.g.  1218 , to rotate, thereby transmitting rotational mechanical energy to a respective operatively connected electrical generator, e.g.  1215 , causing that generator to produce electrical power. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 136    connects its electrical generators to an electrical load (e.g. a cluster of computing devices) and utilizes the electrical power that it generates to energize the respective electrical load(s). 
     After flowing  1212 C through a fluid turbine, e.g.  1219 , fluid that has flowed down one of the embodiment&#39;s power-take-off pipes will flow back into the base fluid reservoir  1207  from which it originated. A portion of that fluid may again flow  1212 D back into the stack of interleaved fluid reservoirs, and their respective interconnecting inclined ramps, and again flow to the highest fluid reservoir in the embodiment, and again impart a portion of its restored gravitational and/or head potential energy to one of the embodiment&#39;s fluid turbines and operatively connected electrical generators. 
     While the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 122  and  137    have a stack comprising a peripheral fluid reservoir as its lowest and highest reservoirs, this is arbitrary and all arrangements, combinations, architectures, designs, and modifications are included within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137    comprises a magnetohydrodynamic generator within a lower end of one of its power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1213 , (instead of a fluid turbine and electrical generator). A similar embodiment utilizes a concentrated solution of salts in order to increase the efficiency and/or electrical power produced by its magnetohydrodynamic generator. 
       FIG.  138    illustrates an embodiment  1294  of the present disclosure. A tilt-powered energy generation module  1200  as illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137    is flexibly connected by eyehook  1261  and cable  1262  to an anchor  1263  resting on a seafloor  1264 . Because the interior of the tilt-powered energy generation device  1200  contains a substantial volume of gas (i.e. through which the fluid therein flows from a base fluid reservoir to an uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir), the tilt-powered energy generation device is buoyant and floats within a body of water  1265  over which waves pass. Waves buffeting the tilt-powered energy generation device as it floats tends to cause the tilt-powered energy generation device to tilt  1266  back-and-forth within a plane of motion approximately normal to the wave front. In response to wave action at the tilt-powered energy generation device, a longitudinal axis  1201  of the tilt-powered energy generation device tilts back and forth, causing fluid to flow upward within the tilt-powered energy generation device when the tilting is favorable. 
     A portion of the electrical power generated by the tilt-powered energy generation device  1200  is transmitted by an electrical power cable  1267  to an electrical power grid on a land mass. 
       FIG.  139    illustrates an embodiment  1268  of the present disclosure. A tilt-powered energy generation embodiment  1200  similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137   , but comprising, containing, and/or incorporating hundreds of peripheral frustoconical fluid reservoir plates interleaved between hundreds of central conical fluid reservoir plates, is adapted to additionally comprise, include, and/or incorporate a water-filled spherical body  1269 , i.e. an “inertial mass.” Because of the gas contained, trapped, entrained, enclosed, and/or sealed within the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment, the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  139    is buoyant and tends to float adjacent to an upper surface of a body of water  1270  over which waves pass. The buoyant device has a waterline  1271 . 
     Wave surge tends to push the upper portion  1200  of the device back and forth. And, because of the significant inertia of the device&#39;s inertial mass  1269 , rather than causing the device to move up and down with passing waves, wave heave tends to instead move the waterline  1271  of the device thereby tending to add torque to the device. The combination of wave surge and heave at the device  1200  tends to result in the device, and its longitudinal axis  1201 , to tilt  1272  back and forth, thereby energizing the fluid lifting within the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment  1200  and causing the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment to generate electrical power. 
     A portion of the electrical power produced by the device is consumed by an electronic messaging and/or relay module  1273 , which uses a portion of the electrical power supplied by the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment  1200  to receive and transmit  1274  encoded electromagnet signals, e.g. between ships at sea. 
       FIG.  140    shows a cross-sectional side view of the embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  139   , wherein the vertical section plane passes through the longitudinal axis ( 1201  in  FIG.  139   ) of the embodiment. Fluid trapped, contained, stored, entrained, and/or enclosed within the base fluid reservoir  1207  of the tilt-powered energy generation module  1200  moves up within and/or among hundreds of interleaved peripheral and central fluid reservoirs  1278  in response to wave-induced tilting ( 1272  in  FIG.  139   ) of the embodiment  1268 . After reaching an approximately equilibrium condition (e.g. in which each of the peripheral and central fluid reservoirs contains fluid), tilts (e.g. a tilt in one direction followed by a tilt in a dissimilar direction) results in fluid entering the top  1275  (e.g. the uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir) and thereafter flowing  1212  into and down one of the power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1213 , of the tilt-powered energy generation module and then flowing through a respective fluid turbine, e.g.  1219 , thereby causing an operatively connected electrical generator, e.g.  1215 , to produce electrical power. 
     A portion of the electrical power generated by the electrical generators of the tilt-powered energy generation module  1200  is transmitted to, and consumed by, an electronic messaging and/or relay module  1273 , which receives and transmits  1274  encoded electromagnet signals, e.g. between ships at sea. 
     A fluid-filled inertial mass  1269 , e.g. a water-filled, approximately spherical chamber, enclosure, tank, and/or vessel, contains a substantial amount, volume, and/or mass of fluid  1276 , and a relatively small pocket, amount, volume, and/or mass of gas  1277 . The inertial mass of a similar embodiment contains only liquid fluid, and does not contain any gas. 
       FIG.  141    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1279  of the present disclosure. Seven tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1200 C, each one similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137   , but comprising, containing, and/or incorporating hundreds of peripheral frustoconical fluid reservoir plates interleaved between hundreds of central conical fluid reservoir plates. The seven tilt-powered energy generation modules are fixedly attached to and/or within an approximately puck-shaped buoy  1280 . The embodiment is configured and/or adapted to float adjacent to an upper surface  1281  of a body of water over which waves pass. 
     In response to, and/or as a consequence of, wave-induced tilting of the embodiment  1279 , fluid within each of the embodiment&#39;s seven tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1200 C, is raised from a respective base fluid reservoir to an uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir and then flows, under a head pressure and/or gravitational potential energy imparted to the fluid by the serial lifting of the fluid within each tilt-powered energy generation modules, into and/or through a respective fluid turbine causing a respective operatively connected electrical generator to produce electrical power. 
       FIG.  142    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  1279  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  141   . The embodiment comprises a buoy  1280  and seven tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1200 A- 1200 C. 
       FIG.  143    shows a cross-sectional side view of the same embodiment  1279  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  141  and  142   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  142    and the section is taken across line  143 - 143 . 
     As illustrated and explained in  FIGS.  119 - 137    and  FIG.  140   , each of the embodiment&#39;s seven tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1200 B, increases the elevation and gravitational potential energy of a fluid contained in a respective base fluid reservoir to a maximal height above that base fluid reservoir after which the raised fluid flows  1212  into and through a power-take-off pipe wherein it encounters and causes to rotate a fluid turbine, e.g.  1219 , thereby causing an operatively connected electrical generator, e.g.  1215 , to produce electrical power. 
     Similar to the tilt-powered energy generation module ( 1200  of  FIGS.  139  and  140   ) of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  139  and  140   , each of the seven tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1200 A- 1200 C, of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  141 - 143    contains hundreds hundreds of interleaved peripheral and central fluid reservoirs  1278  which, in response to a sufficient number of favorable tilts, raise portions of the fluid within the respective base fluid reservoir a significant distance above the base fluid reservoir, and thereby impart to the fluid a substantial amount of gravitational potential energy and/or head pressure. 
     The buoy  1280  to and/or in which the seven tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1200 A- 1200 C, of the embodiment  1279  are fixedly attached is comprised of, and/or divided into, two internal chambers separated by a horizontal wall  1282 , barrier, and/or hull. The upper chamber  1283  contains a gas, e.g. nitrogen, which tends to provide the embodiment with buoyancy (in addition to the buoyancy provided by the gas contained within each of the seven tilt-powered energy generation modules). The lower chamber  1284  contains a fluid, e.g. water, which provides the embodiment with additional inertia, and, in conjunction with the gas in the upper chamber  1283 , reduces the likelihood of the embodiment capsizing and/or assuming an inverted orientation. 
       FIG.  144    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1285  of the present disclosure. A tilt-powered energy generation module  1200  ( 1200  of  FIGS.  119 - 137    and  FIGS.  139 - 140   ) floats adjacent to an upper surface  1286  of a body of water over which waves pass. Fixedly attached to a bottom end of the embodiment is a weight  1287 . The buoyancy provided by the gas enclosed within the tilt-powered energy generation module causes the embodiment to float. The weight at the bottom of the embodiment tends to keep the embodiment in an upright orientation that is approximately normal to the surface  1286  of the water on and/or in which it floats. 
       FIG.  145    shows a side view of the same embodiment  1285  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  144   . 
       FIG.  146    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  1285  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  144  and  145   . Unlike the views provided in  FIGS.  144  and  145   , the top-down view provided in  FIG.  146    omits the upper circular casement, wall, and/or barrier of the outer casing of the embodiment in order to reveal the radial orientation of the embodiment about its vertical (i.e. normal to the page) longitudinal axis ( 1201  in  FIG.  144   ). 
     The tilt-powered energy generation module of the embodiment  1285  has a similar design, architecture, and/or structure as does the (version of the) embodiment illustrated and discussed in  FIGS.  119 - 137   . In response to a favorable tilt of the embodiment, fluid flows from an uppermost central fluid reservoir  1208  into an even higher uppermost peripheral fluid reservoir  1209 , and from there into and down one of three power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1213  and/or  1256 . Within each respective power-take-off pipe is a respective fluid turbine, e.g.  1219  and  1288 , which is made to rotate in response to the downward flow of fluid through its respective power-take-off pipe. And, rotation of each fluid turbine imparts rotational mechanical energy to a respective electrical generator thereby resulting in the production of electrical power. 
       FIG.  147    shows a cross-sectional side view of the same embodiment  1285  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  144 - 146   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  146    and the section is taken across line  147 - 147 . 
     The free-floating configuration  1285  of the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment, unlike the configuration of the embodiment  1200  illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137   , but similar to the embodiments illustrated in  FIGS.  139 - 143   , contains more than a hundred interleaved pairs  1278  of peripheral and central fluid reservoirs which, in response to a sufficient number of favorable tilts, raise portions of the fluid within the respective base fluid reservoir a significant distance above the base fluid reservoir, and thereby impart to the fluid a substantial amount of gravitational potential energy and/or head pressure. And, when the elevated fluids drain back to the base fluid reservoir  1207  through the embodiment&#39;s fluid turbines, e.g.  1219  and  1288 , they result in transmission of a significant amount of mechanical energy to the embodiment&#39;s electrical generators, e.g.  1215  and  1289 . 
     An embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  144 - 147    incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a weight  1287  comprised of metal. Other embodiments similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  144 - 147    incorporate, include, and/or utilize, weights  1287  comprised, at least in part, of negatively-buoyant materials including, but not limited to: sand, stone, cement, and/or cementitious materials. Aggregate and/or loose negatively-buoyant materials are encased within a chamber, resin, and/or another binding and/or trapping material and/or structure. Rigid negatively-buoyant materials may be directly attached to the embodiment. 
     The embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  144 - 147   , as well as other embodiments disclosed herein, have a design wherein most of the internal volume of the embodiment, e.g. the percent of the volume within an envelope surrounding the embodiment, is almost entirely comprised of the interiors of fluid channels and the base fluid reservoirs from which fluid flows and to which it returns. Approximately 93% of the internal volume of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  144 - 147    is comprised of the interiors of fluid channels of which a base fluid reservoir is a part. Approximately 100% of the internal volume of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137    is comprised of the interiors of fluid channels of which a base fluid reservoir is a part. Approximately 95% of the internal volume of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  112 - 118    is comprised of the interiors of fluid channels of which the base fluid reservoir is a part. Approximately 70% of the internal volume of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  104 - 111    is comprised of the interiors of fluid channels of which the base fluid reservoir is a part. Approximately 70% of the internal volume of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  60 - 70    is comprised of the interiors of fluid channels of which the base fluid reservoir is a part. 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes embodiments in which at least 99% of the volume within an envelope surrounding the embodiment, and/or of an internal volume of the embodiment, is comprised of the interiors of one or more fluid channels through which fluid is elevated in response to favorable tilts of the embodiment. The scope of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the portion the volume within an envelope surrounding the embodiment, and/or of an internal volume of the embodiment, that is comprised of the interiors of one or more fluid channels through which fluid is elevated in response to favorable tilts of the embodiment is no less than: 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, and 25%. 
     The fluid channel, including the base fluid reservoir  1207 , through which fluid flows as it is elevated by the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  147    in response to favorable tilts of the embodiment has a total fluid channel height which equals the distance between the base fluid reservoir and the uppermost fluid reservoir from which elevated fluid flows back down to reenter the base fluid reservoir. With respect to the floating embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  147   , a portion of the fluid channel through which fluid flows as it is elevated by the embodiment is above the surface  1286  of the body of water on which the embodiment floats, and/or above the waterline of the embodiment as it floats. The portion, percentage, and/or part of the fluid channel, through which fluid flows as it is elevated by the embodiment, that is above the surface  1286  of the body of water on which it floats, is approximately 24%. Or, in other words, with respect to the floating embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  147   , approximately 24% of the total fluid channel height is above the surface  1286 , of the body of water on which the embodiment floats. 
     The scope of the present disclosure includes embodiments in which as little as 0% (i.e. none) of the embodiment&#39;s fluid channel is above a resting and/or average surface level of the body of water on which the embodiment floats, with respect to the total fluid channel height of the respective embodiment. The scope of the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, embodiments in which the portion, part, or percentage, of the respective embodiments&#39; total fluid channel that is positioned, operates, and/or elevates fluid, above the surface of the body of water on which the respective embodiments&#39; float, is no greater than: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 50%. 
       FIG.  148    shows a perspective side view of two embodiments of the present disclosure positioned at a seafloor  1290  and fully submerged beneath the surface  1291  of the body of water in which they operate. 
     An embodiment  700 , illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 86   , tilts  715  back and forth about a horizontal rotational axis positioned at the center of a hinge pin  704 . A portion of the electrical power generated by the embodiment is transmitted through a subsea electrical and/or power cable  1292 , e.g. to a terrestrial electrical power grid. 
     An embodiment  1294 , illustrated in  FIG.  138   , tilts  1266  back and forth about an anchor  1263 , at the end of a tether  1262 . A portion of the electrical power generated by the embodiment is transmitted through a subsea electrical and/or power cable  12967 , e.g. to a terrestrial electrical power grid. 
       FIG.  149    shows a side sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure that is similar to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89    wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  88    and the section is taken across line  89 - 89 . The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  149    differs from the similar embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  87 - 89    in that it uses an alternate wave-driven fluid lifting power take-off (PTO) device, which, except for having a greater number of intermediary fluid reservoirs, is identical to the tilt-powered energy generation module  1200  illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137   . 
     In response to favorable tilts of the embodiment  1300  by waves moving across the surface  1301  of a body of water in which the embodiment floats and/or is suspended, fluid entrained, trapped, contained, and/or sealed within a chamber  1302 , and stored within a base fluid reservoir  1303 , flows from peripheral fluid reservoir, to central fluid reservoir, back to peripheral fluid reservoir, and so on upward through the PTO device&#39;s hundreds of such fluid reservoirs  1304 , each time gaining elevation, and/or increasing its height above, the base fluid reservoir from which it originated. After a sufficient number of favorable tilts, fluid which originated in the base fluid reservoir of the PTO device, flows out and into the uppermost fluid reservoir  1305  of the PTO device. 
     Fluid that has flowed out and into the uppermost fluid reservoir  1305  of the PTO device thereafter flows  1306  down and into one of the power-take-off pipes, e.g.  1307 , of the PTO device, wherein it encounters and flows through a respective fluid turbine, e.g.  1308 , thereby energizing and/or imparting mechanical energy to a respective electrical generator, e.g.  1309 , operatively connected to the fluid turbine, and thereby producing electrical power that the embodiment utilizes to charge and/or recharge its energy storage module  1320  comprising a plurality of batteries, to generate propulsion, and/or to energize its sensors, transmitters, and/or other electronics. 
     At an upper end  1310  of the embodiment  1300  is a phased-array antenna  1311  which receives encoded electromagnetic signals from one or more remote antennas (e.g., such as from ships, satellites, and shore-based facilities), and which transmits to one or more remote antennas (e.g., such as to ships, satellites, and shore-based facilities) at one or more particular and/or specific frequencies encoded electromagnetic signals. Signals received by the phased array antenna are decoded and/or otherwise processed by the embodiment&#39;s control system  1312 . Signals transmitted are encoded and/or otherwise prepared by the embodiment&#39;s control system  1312 . 
     The embodiment  1300  includes a computational module  1313  which incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a plurality of computational circuits including, but not limited to: computer processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), tensor processing units (TPUs), quantum processing units (QPUs), and optical processing units. The computational module also incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, a plurality of memory circuits, a plurality of power management circuits, a plurality of network circuits, encryption/decryption circuits, etc., in addition to other circuits useful for the execution, completion, and/or implementation, of computational tasks, and for the gathering, sorting, compression, and/or storage, of computational results. The computational module includes electronic circuits, optical circuits, and other types of circuits. Heat generated by the activity, energization, and/or operation, of the electronic and/or optical circuits is transmitted, at least in part, conductively to the body of water  1301  in which the embodiment floats and/or operates. 
     The embodiment  1300  includes a pair of buoyancy control and trim adjustment modules  1314  and  1315  with which the embodiment&#39;s control system  1313  may alter the overall density of the embodiment as well as the distribution of buoyancy within the embodiment. 
     The embodiment  1300  incorporates, includes, and/or utilizes, fixed-wing fins, e.g.,  1316  and  1317 , which incorporate, include, and/or utilize, flaps, e.g.,  1318 , to alter, adjust, control, regulate, change, and/or modify, its pitch, yaw, roll, course, direction, and/or movements, when the embodiment is being propelled forward or backward in response to thrust produced by the propeller  1319 . 
     Rotatably connected to its approximately frustoconical trailing end  1323  is a propeller  1319 , the rotation of which tends to generate either a forward-pushing or backward-pulling thrust (depending on the direction in which the propeller is rotated). When activated by the embodiment&#39;s control system  1312  and energized by the embodiment&#39;s energy storage module  1320 , an electrical motor  1321  causes the propeller  1319  and its connected propeller shaft  1322  to rotate. The embodiment&#39;s control system  1312  is able to cause the motor to rotate the propeller  1319  in a direction that causes the propeller to push the embodiment in a forward direction, i.e., toward its upper end  1310 , as well as in a direction that causes the propeller to pull the embodiment in a backward direction, i.e., away from its upper end  1310 . 
       FIG.  150    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure. A plurality of central fluid reservoirs (not visible) are stacked in an approximately vertical column near the horizontal center  1351  of the embodiment. Inclined ramps arrayed radially, at approximate 60-degree intervals, about the central stack of central fluid reservoirs, facilitate the flow of fluid out of, and/or away from, each of the central fluid reservoirs, and toward, to, and/or into, six sets of stacked distal fluid reservoirs, each set of stacked distal fluid reservoirs being positioned at a distal end of a radial arm, e.g.  1352 , of the embodiment. Complementary inclined ramps are likewise arrayed radially, also at approximate 60-degree intervals, about each central fluid reservoir, so as to receive with a central fluid reservoir fluid flowing from each distal fluid reservoir. 
     The central fluid reservoirs are vertically spaced, separated, and/or positioned, by an inter-reservoir distance. The distal fluid reservoirs are similarly are vertically spaced, separated, and/or positioned, by a inter-reservoir distance. However, the vertical positions, elevations, and/or heights (above a base fluid reservoir) of the distal fluid reservoirs are offset by a distance approximately equal to one-half of the inter-reservoir distance. 
     In response to favorable tilting of the embodiment, fluid flows up the inclined ramps and into central and distal fluid reservoirs of ever increasing height, and/or distance above a base fluid reservoir, eventually flowing into an uppermost fluid reservoir. Fluid within the uppermost fluid reservoir then flows into a power-take-off pipe (not visible) and therein flows through a hubless fluid turbine/generator (not visible) causing that hubless fluid turbine/generator to produce electrical power in response to the downflow through the power-take-off pipe. 
     Effluent from the hubless fluid turbine/generator flows into, rejoins, and/or returns to, a base fluid reservoir contained, stored, captured, and/or entrained, within a chamber comprised, in part, of an exterior wall  1353 . 
       FIG.  151    shows a side view of the same embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  150   . The base fluid reservoir is comprised of a vertical exterior wall  1353 , and by a bottommost inclined wall  1354 . The embodiment  1350  has a central longitudinal axis  1355  about which tilts of favorable direction, angular extent, and duration tend to result in the flow of fluid from one or more fluid reservoirs, to one or more other fluid reservoirs, with the destination fluid reservoirs being positioned at greater elevations, and/or heights, than those from which the fluid(s) flowed. 
       FIG.  152    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  150  and  151   . The embodiment is comprised of a central vertical column positioned near the horizontal center  1351  of the embodiment, and in which are positioned a plurality of vertically spaced central fluid reservoirs. The embodiment is also comprised of six vertical columns, positioned at the distal ends of six respective radial arms  1352 ,  1356 - 1360 , in which are positioned a plurality of vertically spaced distal fluid reservoirs, which each of six equally elevated distal fluid reservoirs being complementary to a single central fluid reservoir which is lower than the six distal fluid reservoirs by a height of approximately one-half the inter-reservoir distance. 
       FIG.  153    shows a bottom-up view of the same embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 152   . The chamber in which is stored the embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir (not visible) is comprised in part of an inclined, and/or angled, bottom wall  1354 . 
       FIG.  154    is a perspective side view of an exemplary diodic fluid channel of the kind of which the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 152    is comprised. Fluid pooled, trapped, contained, and/or entrained, within a central fluid reservoir  1362 , in response to a favorable tilt, flows  1363  up an inclined ramp  1364 , spilling over its distal and/or elevated end  1365  into a distal fluid reservoir  1366 . Distal fluid reservoir  1366  is half an inter-reservoir distance  1367  above central fluid reservoir  1362 . 
     Fluid pooled, trapped, contained, and/or entrained, within distal fluid reservoir  1366 , in response to a favorable tilt, flows  1368  up an inclined ramp  1369 , spilling over its distal and/or elevated end  1370  into a second central fluid reservoir that would typically be found at  1371 . With respect to a second central fluid reservoir positioned at  1371 , the distal fluid reservoir  1366  from which fluid would flow  1368  into such a central fluid reservoir would be half an inter-reservoir distance  1367  below that second central fluid reservoir  1371 . And, with respect to the second central fluid reservoir positioned at  1371 , the original and/or first central fluid reservoir  1362 , from which fluid flowed  1363  into the distal fluid reservoir  1366 , would be a full inter-reservoir distance  1372  below that second central fluid reservoir  1371 . 
     Interleaved stacks of such central and distal fluid reservoirs, each fluid reservoir being connected to another adjacent fluid reservoir by an inclined ramp, comprise each arm of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 152   . Thus, favorable tilts may occur in direct alignment (and/or within the vertical plane about which fluid flows) with respect to six different azimuthal directions, and indirectly aligned with any azimuthal direction. 
       FIG.  155    shows a cross-sectional top-down view of the same embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 153   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  151    and the section is taken across line  155 - 155 . 
     In response to favorable tilts, fluid flows, e.g.  1373 , up an inclined ramp, e.g.  1385 , from a central fluid reservoir (not visible below the uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374 ) located approximately one inter-reservoir below the uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374  in the vertical stack  1351  of central fluid reservoirs up and into one of the six uppermost distal fluid reservoirs, e.g.  1389 , located within one  1356  of the six vertical stacks of distal fluid reservoirs, at a height between that of the uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374  and the central fluid reservoir positioned below it. And in response to additional favorable tilts, fluid flows, e.g.  1375 , up an inclined ramp, e.g.  1386 , from the uppermost distal fluid reservoirs, e.g.  1389 , up and into the uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374 . Adjacent inclined ramps, e.g.  1385  an  1386 , are separated, and fluid is prevented from flowing directly between adjacent inclined ramps, by respective vertical walls, e.g.  1387 . 
     The uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374  is surrounded by vertical barriers and/or walls. There is a vertical barrier, e.g.  1377 , above and/or over each of the six apertures through which fluid flows on inclined ramps from the central fluid reservoir below the uppermost central fluid reservoir. There is also a vertical barrier, e.g. located beneath the checkered line at  1378 , beneath each inclined ramp, e.g.  1385 , over which flows fluid from each distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1389 , to the each central fluid reservoir. 
     At the level of the uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374 , one barrier  1379  is offset and positioned further toward its corresponding distal fluid reservoir  1390  thereby creating a gap  1380  through which fluid deposited into, and/or pooled within, uppermost central fluid reservoir  1374  can flow  1376  out of the vertical column and/or projection wherein reside the embodiment&#39;s plurality of central fluid reservoirs, and can flow across and/or through an extension  1381  of the bottom wall and/or surface which defines and/or encloses the uppermost central fluid reservoir, and therefrom flow  1376  into and down a funnel  1382  leading to an upper aperture of a power-take-off pipe  1383 . Within the power-take-off pipe is a hubless fluid turbine/generator  1384  which rotates in response to the flow of fluid through its blades, and causes an electrical generator embedded within the hub and rim of the fluid turbine to produce electrical power. 
       FIG.  156    shows a perspective side view of the cross-sectional top-down view of the embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  155   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  151    and the section is taken across line  155 - 155 , and, in  FIG.  156   , the exterior and/or outer wall ( 1353  of  FIG.  151   ) of the embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir  1394  is omitted to facilitate the reader&#39;s view of the interior of that base fluid reservoir. 
     Fluid flowing into the funnel  1382  and down and through the power-take-off pipe  1383  flows through and energizes a hubless fluid turbine/generator  1384 , thereby causing the generator to produce electrical power. The effluent from the hubless fluid turbine/generator  1384  flows  1395  out of a bottommost aperture and/or mouth  1396  in the power-take-off pipe  1383 , thereby flowing into, and/or returning to, the base fluid reservoir  1394  from which it originated. Fluid from the base fluid reservoir flows  1397  into and/or through a gap  1398  in one side wall  1399  of the arm of the embodiment at the end of which is positioned one  1358  of the six vertical stacks of distal fluid reservoirs. Fluid flowing through gap  1398  flows directly into and/or onto the lowermost central fluid reservoir (not visible), from which favorable tilts cause it to flow upward from distal fluid reservoir to central fluid reservoir to distal fluid reservoir and so on . . . 
       FIG.  157    shows a perspective cross-sectional side view of the same embodiment  1350  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 153    and  FIGS.  155 - 156   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  151    and the section is taken across line  157 - 157 . The inclined ramps originating at the distal fluid reservoirs, e.g.  1400 , and providing a channel through which fluid may flow, e.g.  1402 , upwards and towards the horizontal center of the embodiment, have been retained within the illustration shown in  FIG.  157   , even though the upper ends of those inclined ramps pass through the specified horizontal sectional plane taken across line  157 - 157 . 
     Fluid deposited into the base fluid reservoir ( 1394  in  FIG.  156   ) and entrained from the bottom by a bottommost wall and/or barrier  1354 , tends to flow  1397  toward the centermost side  1403  of the base fluid reservoir, and away from the outermost side  1404  of the base fluid reservoir, due to an incline in the bottommost wall and/or barrier  1354  which tapers from the higher outermost side  1404  toward the lower innermost side  1403 . The innermost side  1403  of the base fluid reservoir is at approximately the same vertical height (with respect to the base of the embodiment  1350 ) as is the lowermost central fluid reservoir  1405  of the embodiment. Fluid flows  1397  from the base fluid reservoir and into and/or on to the lowermost central fluid reservoir  1405  through an aperture  1398  in a side wall  1399  adjacent to the base fluid reservoir. 
     Fluid flowing  1397  from the base fluid reservoir to the lowermost central fluid reservoir  1405  will then, in response to favorable tilts of the embodiment, tend to flow, e.g.  1406 , up a fluidly connected inclined ramp, e.g.  1407 , toward and into a fluid connected distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1400 . And a cycle of incremental upward flow between fluid reservoirs: distal to central, central to distal, and so on . . . will occur in response to a correlated series of favorable tilts of the embodiment. 
       FIG.  158    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1450  of the present disclosure. A buoyant structure  1451 , with approximately flat top and bottom ends, floats adjacent to an upper surface  1452  of a body of water over which waves pass. The buoyant structures contains internal chambers, enclosures, and/or vessels (not visible), in which are positioned a variety of tilt-powered energy generation modules, which are themselves embodiments of the present disclosure. A portion of the electrical power generated by the tilt-powered energy generation modules is transmitted to a network of computing devices housed within an enclosure  1453 . A phased-array antenna  1454  mounted atop the computing-device enclosure  1453  receives computational tasks from a remote server via encoded electromagnetic signals  1455 . Computing devices (not shown) within the computing-device enclosure process, execute, and/or complete, the computational tasks received by the phased-array antenna and return corresponding computational results to a remote server via encoded electromagnetic signals  1455  transmitted by the phased-array antenna  1454 . 
       FIG.  159    shows a side view of the same embodiment  1450  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  158   . 
       FIG.  160    shows a top-down cross-sectional view of the same embodiment  1450  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  158  and  159   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  159    and the section is taken across line  160 - 160 . The embodiment&#39;s buoyant structure  1451  contains a plurality of hexagonal chambers, enclosures, and/or vessels  1456 A- 1456 G which are defined, established, and/or created, at least in part, through the use of vertical walls and/or barriers, e.g.  1461 , which together with the upper and lower walls of the rigid buoyant structure form water-tight enclosures, e.g.  1456 A, which are used to house tilt-powered energy generation modules and provide additional buoyancy in addition to that provided by the gases within the respective tilt-powered energy generation modules. Positioned within each hexagonal chamber, is one or more of the tilt-powered energy generation modules which have already been disclosed. 
     Each of hexagonal chambers  1456 A,  1456 C, and  1456 E contain a pair of the tilt-powered energy generation modules  1457  discussed and illustrated in  FIGS.  72 - 86   . Hexagonal chamber  1456 B contains one of the tilt-powered energy generation modules  1458  discussed and illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 157   . Each of hexagonal chambers  1456 D and  1456 F contains one of the tilt-powered energy generation modules  1459  discussed and illustrated in  FIGS.  60 - 67   . And, hexagonal chamber  1456 G contains seven of the tilt-powered energy generation modules  1460  discussed and illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137   . 
     Because many of these individual tilt-powered energy generation modules is distributed across, over, and/or through, a common rigid buoyant structure  1451 , the movement of fluid within each one, and the consequent movement of each tilt-powered energy generation module&#39;s center of gravity away from its respective nominal, and/or resting, vertical longitudinal axis of approximate radial symmetry, does little to alter the center of gravity of the assembly of tilt-powered energy generation modules, nor the center of gravity of the rigid buoyant structure on, in, and/or with, which they float. Thus, the rigid buoyant structure is less likely to capsize as a consequence of a fluid-flow-caused shift in and/or of its center of gravity and/or center of mass, than would be any one of the individual tilt-powered energy generation modules of which it is comprised. Furthermore, because of its greater, and/or enhanced, resistance to capsizing, the collection, and/or assembly of tilt-powered energy generation modules within a common rigid buoyant structure  1451  provides a relatively more stable platform on which to execute energy-consuming activities, such as executing computational tasks with a collection computing devices housed within a common enclosure. 
       FIG.  161    shows a perspective view of the same top-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment  1450  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  158  and  159   , wherein the horizontal section plane is specified in  FIG.  159    and the section is taken across line  160 - 160 . 
       FIG.  162    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1500  of the present disclosure. A set, collection, array, and/or matrix of 19 tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1501 , of the kind illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137   , are fixedly attached to one another so as to form a buoyant raft, vessel, platform, and/or buoy which floats adjacent to an upper surface  1502  of a body of water over which waves pass. The individual and/or constituent tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1501 , of which the buoyant platform is comprised are secured, joined, fastened, and/or attached, to one another by means of interstitial connection frames, e.g.  1503 . 
     In response to favorable tilts imparted to the buoyant platform through its interaction, and/or collision, with passing waves, the tilt-powered energy generation modules of which it is comprised produce electrical power. In one embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  162   , a portion of the electrical power generated by the constituent tilt-powered energy generation modules is consumed by telecommunications equipment which receive and transmit encoded electromagnetic signals. In another embodiment similar to the one illustrated in  FIG.  162   , a portion of the electrical power generated by the constituent tilt-powered energy generation modules is consumed by a plurality of computing devices which process computational tasks received at the embodiment, and which produce computational results which are transmitted from the embodiment. 
       FIG.  163    shows a top-down view of the same embodiment  1500  of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIG.  162   . The buoyant electricity-producing platform is comprised of a set of tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1501 A- 1501 E, which are affixedly and/or rigidly attached to one another and to a set of interstitial connection frames, e.g.  1503 A- 1503 D. 
       FIG.  164    shows a side sectional view of the same embodiment of the present disclosure that is illustrated in  FIGS.  162  and  163   , wherein the vertical section plane is specified in  FIG.  163    and the section is taken across line  164 - 164 . Each of the 19 tilt-powered energy generation modules of which the embodiment is comprised are similar to the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment illustrated and discussed in relation to  FIGS.  119 - 137   . 
       FIG.  165    shows a perspective side view of an embodiment  1550  of the present disclosure. The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  165    is identical to the one illustrated in  FIGS.  162 - 164   , except that the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  165    comprises four additional interstitial connection frames, e.g.  1551 , which are equipped with thrusters, e.g.  1552 , mounted at lower ends of respective thruster shafts, e.g.  1553 . Each thruster shaft may be rotated about a vertical longitudinal axis so as to permit the directing of each respective thruster&#39;s thrust in any azimuthal direction. Furthermore, a platform controller (not shown) is able to control the azimuthal orientation and magnitude of each thruster&#39;s thrust, thereby enabling the platform controller to steer the buoyant platform  1550  in any direction, along any course, and/or to any destination (on or at the surface  1502  of the body of water on which the buoyant platform floats). 
     The thrusters are energized with a portion of the electrical power generated by embodiment&#39;s 19 tilt-powered energy generation modules, e.g.  1501 . 
       FIG.  166    shows a top-down view of a central fluid reservoir  479  of which the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  41 - 54    is in part comprised. Emanating from the central reservoir are eight upwardly inclined central ramps, e.g.,  485 , over which fluid flows out of the central fluid reservoir and thereby flows into a more highly elevated respective flat-bottomed annular ring (e.g.  502  in  FIG.  49   ) in response to a favorable tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     Fluid pooled, contained, trapped, stored, and/or entrained, within the fluid reservoir  1560  at the center of the central fluid reservoir  479  (as suggested by the broken-line bounding circle  1561 ) can flow out of any one of the eight upwardly inclined central ramps, e.g.,  485 , in response to a tilt. Because there are eight upwardly inclined central ramps, and they are equally distributed about the central fluid reservoir, and/or separated by equal azimuthal angles, fluid pooled in the central reservoir  1560  will tend to flow into, up, and over that inclined central ramp which is best aligned with the relative azimuthal direction of downward tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     For instance, if the embodiment of which the illustrated central fluid reservoir  479  is a part were to tilt down (relative to the center of the central reservoir) in a direction aligned with  1562 , then fluid would tend to flow  1567  and  1568  out of the central fluid reservoir equally into both inclined central ramps  1563  and  485 , respectively. However, if the direction of downward tilt is aligned with a radial vector originating at the center of the central fluid reservoir and falling between radial tilt-angle bounds  1564  and  1562 , exclusive, then outward fluid flow  1567  from the central fluid reservoir will tend to be directed almost entirely up the respective inclined central ramp  1563 . 
     Each inclined central ramp, e.g.  485 , of the illustrated central fluid reservoir  479  tends to receive the greater portion of any fluid flow out of the central fluid reservoir when the direction of downward tilt corresponds to an angular interval radially centered about each respective inclined central ramp. And, each inclined central ramp corresponds to a particular range and/or interval of azimuthal directions of downward tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     Each inclined central ramp, e.g.  485 , of the illustrated central fluid reservoir  479  is associated with a specific, and approximately 45-degree range of azimuthal directions of downward tilt of the respective embodiment of which it is a part. For example, inclined central ramp  1563  tends to be associated with fluid flow from the central fluid reservoir  1560  when the downward azimuthal tilt angle of the respective embodiment of which it is a part falls within the ranges of azimuthal tilt angles defined by  1565  and  1566 . 
       FIG.  167    shows a top-down view of a central fluid reservoir conical plate  1244  of which the tilt-powered energy generation embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137    is in part comprised. Emanating from the center portion  1570  of the central fluid reservoir conical plate (as suggested by broken-line bounding circle  1571 ) are three upwardly inclined radially extending ramps, e.g.,  1247 , over which fluid flows out of the central fluid reservoir  1570  and thereby flows into a more highly elevated peripheral fluid reservoir frustoconical plate ( 1225  in  FIG.  133   ) in response to a favorable tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     Fluid pooled, contained, trapped, stored, and/or entrained, within the fluid reservoir  1570  at the center of the central fluid reservoir  1244  (as suggested by the broken-line bounding circle  1571 ) can flow out of any one of the three upwardly inclined ramps, e.g.,  1247 , in response to a tilt. Because there are three upwardly inclined ramps, and they are equally distributed about the central fluid reservoir, and/or separated by equal azimuthal angles, fluid pooled in the central reservoir  1570  will tend to flow into, up, and over that inclined ramp which is best aligned with the relative azimuthal direction of downward tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     For instance, if the embodiment of which the illustrated central fluid reservoir  1244  is a part were to tilt down (relative to the center  1570  of the central reservoir) in a direction aligned with  1572 , then fluid would tend to flow  1576  and  1577  out of the central fluid reservoir  1570  equally into both inclined ramps  1247  and  1246 , respectively. However, if the direction of downward tilt is aligned with a radial vector originating at the center of the central fluid reservoir and falling between radial tilt-angle bounds  1572  and  1573 , exclusive, then outward fluid flow  1576  from the central fluid reservoir will tend to be directed almost entirely up the respective inclined central ramp  1247 . 
     Each inclined ramp, e.g.  1247 , of the illustrated central fluid reservoir  1244  tends to receive the greater portion of any fluid flow out of the central fluid reservoir when the direction of downward tilt corresponds to an angular interval radially centered about each respective inclined ramp. And, each inclined ramp corresponds to a particular range and/or interval of azimuthal directions of downward tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     Each inclined central ramp, e.g.  1247 , of the illustrated central fluid reservoir  1244  is associated with a specific, and approximately 120-degree range of azimuthal directions of downward tilt of the respective embodiment of which it is a part. For example, inclined ramp  1247  tends to be associated with fluid flow from the central fluid reservoir  1570  when the downward azimuthal tilt angle of the respective embodiment of which it is a part falls within the ranges of azimuthal tilt angles defined by  1574  and  1575 . 
       FIG.  168    shows a top-down view of an subassembly of a central fluid reservoir and six distal fluid reservoirs, wherein the central and distal fluid reservoirs are fluidly connected by inclined ramps, six inclined ramps carrying fluid upward from the central fluid reservoir to each of the respective six distal fluid reservoirs, and six inclined ramps carrying fluid upward from each of the six distal fluid reservoirs to where a second central fluid reservoir would be positioned above the central fluid reservoir visible in the illustration of  FIG.  168   . The tilt-powered energy generation embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  150 - 157    is comprised of subassemblies of the kind illustrated in  FIG.  168   . 
     Fluid pooled, contained, stored, and/or entrained, (as suggested by broken-line bounding circle  1581 ) within the central fluid reservoir  1580 , flows, e.g.  1582 , up one of the six inclined ramps, e.g.  1583 , originating at that central fluid reservoir, and thereby flows into a more highly elevated distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1391 , in response to a favorable tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment of which the illustrated subassembly is a part. 
     Fluid pooled, contained, trapped, stored, and/or entrained, within the central fluid reservoir  1580  (as suggested by the broken-line bounding circle  1581 ) can flow out of any one of the six upwardly inclined ramps, e.g.,  1583 , in response to a tilt. Because there are six upwardly inclined ramps, and they are equally distributed about the central fluid reservoir, and/or separated by equal azimuthal angles, fluid pooled in the central reservoir  1580  will tend to flow into, up, and over that inclined ramp which is best aligned with the relative azimuthal direction of downward tilt of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. 
     For instance, if the embodiment of which the illustrated subassembly is a part were to tilt down (relative to the center of the central fluid reservoir  1580 ) in a direction aligned with  1584 , then fluid would tend to flow  1582  and  1586  out of the central fluid reservoir  1580  equally into both inclined ramps  1583  and  1585 , respectively. However, if the direction of downward tilt is aligned with a radial vector originating at the center of the central fluid reservoir and falling between radial tilt-angle bounds  1584  and  1586 , exclusive, then outward fluid flow  1586  from the central fluid reservoir will tend to be directed almost entirely up the respective inclined ramp  1585 . 
     Each inclined ramp, e.g.  1583  and  1585 , originating from the illustrated central fluid reservoir  1580 , tends to receive the greater portion of any fluid flow out of the central fluid reservoir when the direction of downward tilt corresponds to an angular interval radially centered about each respective inclined ramp. And, each inclined ramp corresponds to a particular range and/or interval of azimuthal directions of as suggested by the broken-line bounding circle. 
     Each inclined ramp, e.g.  1583  and  1585 , originating from the illustrated central fluid reservoir  1580 , is associated with a specific, and approximately 60-degree range of azimuthal directions of downward tilt of the respective embodiment of which the illustrated subassembly is a part. For example, inclined ramp  1585  tends to be associated with fluid flow  1586  from the central fluid reservoir  1580  when the downward azimuthal tilt angle of the respective embodiment of which it is a part falls within the ranges of azimuthal tilt angles defined by  1588  and  1589 . 
     By contrast, each of the subassembly&#39;s six distal fluid reservoirs, e.g.  1391 , is associated with, and/or gives rise to, only a single upwardly inclined ramp, e.g.  1600 . Therefore, regardless of the azimuthal direction of a downward tilt of the respective embodiment of which the subassembly is a part, any fluid flow  1601  away from, and/or out of, a pool of fluid (e.g. as suggested by the broken-line bounding circle  1602 ) within a distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1391 , is limited to that single inclined ramp. Therefore, with respect to a distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1391 , the sole, single, and/or only, inclined ramp available to carry fluid upwards and away from the respective distal fluid reservoir conducts, carries, and/or channels, all of the fluid, if any, that flows from the respective distal fluid reservoir in response to downward tilts of the respective tilt-powered energy generation embodiment of any and all azimuthal directions. With respect to azimuthal downward tilt angles within the ranges of  1603  and  1604 , the amount and/or rate of fluid flow in response to a downward tilt will depend on the zenith angle of the tilt, and the degree of angular inclination of the inclined ramp. However, with respect to azimuthal downward tilt angles aligned with 90-degree azimuthal angles (i.e. to the left and right of the inclined ramp, e.g.  1600 ) one would not expect any fluid to flow from the respective distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1391 . Moreover, from any downward tilt have a direction within the 180-degree range  1607 , there should not be any fluid flow from the respective distal fluid reservoir, e.g.  1391 , since a downward tilt in such a direction is actually an upward tilt with respect to the azimuthal angles adjacent to alignment of the respective inclined ramp (e.g. azimuthal angles within the ranges  1603  and  1604 ). 
     A fluid reservoir, such as the central fluid reservoir  1580  in the subassembly illustrated in  FIG.  168   , can realize and/or manifest an outward and upward flow of fluid from its reservoir with respect to a wide range of azimuthal angles, and a range of azimuthal angles which includes angles from every lateral direction (e.g. from 360 degrees) around a tilt-powered energy generation embodiment, e.g. a floating tilt-powered energy generation embodiment. Whereas, by contrast, a fluid reservoir, such as the distal fluid reservoir  1391  in the subassembly illustrated in  FIG.  168   , can realize and/or manifest an outward and upward flow of fluid from its reservoir with respect to only a single azimuthal angle, or with respect to only a relatively narrow range of azimuthal angles. Thus, despite an abundance of tilting of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a fluid reservoir within such an embodiment, may only give rise to an upward flow of fluid from it in response to a small percentage of those tilts. 
     The frequency with which fluid will tend to flow out of a fluid reservoir will tend to increase with the number of azimuthal-angularly-distributed inclined ramps which originate at the fluid reservoir and are available to carry fluid away from it in response to favorable tilting. Therefore, in general, greater numbers (especially of evenly-angularly-distributed) inclined ramps originating at a fluid reservoir will tend to give rise to more frequent upward flows of fluid, and shorter transit times of fluids between an embodiment&#39;s base fluid reservoir and its uppermost fluid reservoir (and subsequent power production). 
     If we assume that the tilt-powered energy generation embodiments, of which the fluid reservoirs and inclined ramps illustrated in  FIGS.  166 - 168    are a part, are tilted in random azimuthal directions, random zenith angles, and for random tilt durations, e.g. and having distributions that might be expected in various random wave conditions, then fluid will tend to flow from the illustrated fluid reservoirs at frequencies, probabilities, and average rates of flow, that are related, if not correlated, with the number and breadth of azimuthal-angular ranges over which the respective fluid reservoirs include, incorporate, and/or possess, upwardly inclined ramps oriented so as to facilitate the flow of fluid with respect to downward tilts occurring with azimuthal angular orientations falling within those supported azimuthal-angular ranges. Fluid reservoirs with fewer upwardly inclined ramps oriented so as to facilitate fluid flow in response to correspondingly oriented downward tilts will tend to have lower frequencies, probabilities, and average rates of upward fluid flow. Fluid reservoirs with more upwardly inclined ramps oriented so as to facilitate fluid flow in response to correspondingly oriented downward tilts will tend to have greater frequencies, probabilities, and average rates of upward fluid flow. And, since greater frequencies, probabilities, and average rates of upward fluid flow will tend to increase the efficiencies, and power levels of embodiments of the present disclosure, preferred embodiments will be characterized by greater numbers, and greater relative angular orientations of, upwardly inclined ramps. 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure are “closed-fluid systems.” These embodiments cause fluids to flow upward until they reach a maximal height above a bottommost base fluid reservoir from which the upward flow begins. After elevated fluids flow down and through a pressure-reduction mechanism, such as a fluid turbine operatively connected to an electrical generator, they flow back into their originating base fluid reservoir before repeating the tilt-induced cycle of elevation and descent. Because their internal fluid channels are closed, sealed, trapped, and/or compartmentalized, these embodiments enjoy the benefit of utilizing, and reusing, a non-corrosive fluid (such as pure water, or ethanol) and having that non-corrosive fluid flow within an atmosphere of a non-corrosive gas (such as nitrogen, or carbon dioxide). 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure which include, incorporate, and/or utilize, closed-fluid systems tend to also include, incorporate, and/or utilize, a bottommost and/or base fluid reservoir from which fluid is elevated and to which elevated fluids return. Such base fluid reservoirs tend to provide a benefit to floating embodiments when the respective base fluid reservoirs are positioned below the respective nominal waterplane associated with each such embodiment. Their position below the waterplane and/or below the waterline of the respective floating embodiments tends to favor and/or promote weight and balance attributes to the floating embodiments such that wave-induced tilting of the embodiments is less likely to result in a capsizing and/or orientational inversion of those embodiments. 
     By contrast, some other embodiments of the present disclosure are “open-fluid systems.” These embodiments elevate fluids drawn from a body of fluid on which they float, which might include corrosive fluids such as seawater, and they elevate these corrosive fluids within an atmosphere and/or gas that is drawn from, or contaminated with, the atmosphere outside the embodiments. 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure utilize spiral, and/or spiraling, fluid channels through which they elevate fluids. However, with respect to fluid pooled at any position, location, and/or spot, along such a spiral fluid channel, the fluid may only flow in a single direction which is tangential to the cylindrical spiraling fluid channel at each respective position, location, and/or spot. Therefore, spiral fluid elevation embodiments of the present disclosure lack the benefit of being responsive to downward tilts of a variety of relative azimuthal directions. 
     Each fluid-lifting embodiment of the present disclosure alternates between two states: one in which the device is oriented vertically with respect to gravity (manifesting no tilt); and one in which it is oriented in a tilted fashion characterized by a relative azimuthal direction of tilt, and a zenith angle of tilt. When oriented vertically with respect to gravity and/or not tilting, fluid trapped in reservoirs positioned throughout each device are stable and do not tend to flow due to the presence of at least one gravitational potential energy barrier to flow (e.g., an inclined ramp, tube, channel, and/or conduit). However, when tilted, the direction of gravity is altered relative to the local coordinate system of each embodiment. And, when the azimuthal direction, zenith angle, and duration of a tilt is sufficient, the gravitational potential energy barrier preventing the flow of fluid trapped in one or more of the gravity-well-defined reservoirs positioned throughout each embodiment is diminished to a sufficient degree (even becoming an inverted energy well drawing fluid through it) that fluid flows from one or more of the reservoirs to one or more of the other more elevated reservoirs, with the reservoirs into which the fluid flows being at greater elevation than the lowermost base fluid reservoir within each respective embodiment. 
       FIG.  169    schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a vessel or buoy  1700  within which is a tilt-powered energy generation module  1701 . Approximately 20% of the internal volume of the tilt-powered energy generation module is filled with water, which, because the buoy is at rest and vertically and/or nominally oriented about a vertical longitudinal axis  1703  is likely to be equally distributed across the width of the tilt-powered energy generation module and is therefore represented by a box  1702  equal to 20% of the total internal volume of the tilt-powered energy generation module, and centered at and about the longitudinal axis  1703 . A center of buoyancy is positioned at  1704  and is also centered about the longitudinal axis  1703 . 
     Because of the vertical, upright, resting, and/or nominal, orientation of the buoy  1700 , the buoy&#39;s center of mass (and/or center of gravity) is on the same vertical longitudinal axis  1703  which the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy is on. Therefore, the buoy&#39;s upright orientation in the body of water  1705  is relatively stable. 
       FIG.  170    schematically illustrates the same cross-sectional view of a vessel or buoy  1700  and tilt-powered energy generation module  1701  that is illustrated in  FIG.  169   . However, in  FIG.  170    the buoy&#39;s orientation has been altered and rotated approximately 30 degrees in a counterclockwise direction (about its center of buoyancy  1704 ), e.g. as a result of passing waves at the surface  1705  of the body of water on which the buoy floats. The rotation of the buoy has caused the fluid  1702  within the tilt-powered energy generation module to flow, shift, and/or move to the left and/or downward tilted side of the tilt-powered energy generation module. This leftward shift of the fluid  1702  within the buoy&#39;s tilt-powered energy generation module  1701 , as well as the rotation of the buoy itself, have altered the position of the buoy&#39;s center of mass  1706  such that it is no longer aligned with the vertical longitudinal axis passing through the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy  1704 . The downward gravitational force  1707  applied by gravity to the buoy&#39;s center of mass  1706  is now offset, and not passing through, the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy. In combination with the upward buoyancy force  1708  applied to the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy  1704 , the downward force  1707  applied by gravity to the buoy&#39;s center of mass  1706 , creates a torque  1709  about the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy  1704  which tends to roll the buoy in a counterclockwise direction and to thereby increase the lateral separation  1710  between the contrary gravitational and buoyant forces, thereby tending to increase and/or exacerbate the counterclockwise rolling motion which could capsize the buoy. 
       FIG.  171    schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a vessel or buoy  1800  which is also a tilt-powered energy generation module  1800  (buoy and tilt-powered energy generation module are the same structures) which is similar to the types illustrated in  FIGS.  119 - 137  and  144 - 147   . The buoy  1800  floats adjacent to an upper surface  1801  of a body of water. 
     Approximately 25% of the internal volume of the tilt-powered energy generation module  1800  is filled with water, a portion of the water is contained within elevational fluid reservoirs which elevate the water in response to favorable tilts of the buoy, and another portion of the water is contained within a base fluid reservoir  1805 . Because the buoy is at rest and vertically and/or nominally oriented about a vertical longitudinal axis  1803  it is likely that the water within the elevational fluid reservoirs is equally distributed across the width of the tilt-powered energy generation module and is therefore represented by a box  1804  equal to 20% of the total internal volume of the tilt-powered energy generation module exclusive of the base fluid reservoir  1805 , and centered at and about the longitudinal axis  1803 . A center of buoyancy is positioned at  1806  and is also centered about the longitudinal axis  1803 . 
     Because of the vertical, upright, resting, and/or nominal, orientation of the buoy  1800 , the buoy&#39;s center of mass (and/or center of gravity) is on the same vertical longitudinal axis  1803  which the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy is on. Therefore, the buoy&#39;s upright orientation in the body of water  1801  is relatively stable. 
       FIG.  172    schematically illustrates the same cross-sectional view of a vessel or buoy  1800 , which is also a tilt-powered energy generation module  1800 , that is illustrated in  FIG.  171   . However, in  FIG.  171    the buoy&#39;s orientation has been altered and rotated approximately 30 degrees in a counterclockwise direction (about its center of buoyancy  1806 ), e.g. as a result of passing waves at the surface  1801  of the body of water on which the buoy floats. 
     The rotation of the buoy has caused the fluid  1804  within the elevational fluid reservoirs of the tilt-powered energy generation module  1800  to flow, shift, and/or move to the left and/or downward tilted side of the tilt-powered energy generation module. This leftward shift of the fluid  1804  within the buoy&#39;s tilt-powered energy generation module  1800 , as well as the rotation of the buoy itself, have altered the position of the buoy&#39;s center of mass  1807  such that it is no longer aligned with the vertical longitudinal axis  1803  passing through the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy  1806 . The downward gravitational force  1808  applied by gravity to the buoy&#39;s center of mass  1807  is now offset, and not passing through, the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy, and is in fact to the right of that longitudinal axis (unlike the case with the buoy illustrated in  FIGS.  169  and  170   ). 
     In combination with the upward buoyancy force  1809  applied to the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy  1806 , the downward force  1808  applied by gravity to the buoy&#39;s center of mass  1807 , creates a torque  1810  about the buoy&#39;s center of buoyancy  1806 . Unlike the problematic torque created by the shifting of water within the tilt-powered energy generation module ( 1701  of  FIG.  170   ) of the buoy illustrated in  FIGS.  169  and  170    (i.e. a counterclockwise torque which tends to exacerbate the buoy&#39;s tendency to capsize), the torque created by the counterclockwise roll of the buoy illustrated in  FIGS.  171  and  172    is in a clockwise direction, which tends to counter, stall, correct, offset, and/or cancel the tendency of the buoy  1800  to capsize, and/or “over-roll”, in response to a wave-induced roll and consequent flow the fluid within its tilt-powered energy generation module in the direction of a downward tilt of the buoy. 
     Unlike the buoy illustrated in  FIGS.  169  and  170    which is dynamically unstable in its response to wave-induced tilting, the buoy illustrated in  FIGS.  171  and  172    is dynamically stable in its response to wave-induced tilting.