Patent Publication Number: US-2023164792-A1

Title: Signaling for activation of a bandwidth part

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present Application is a 371 national stage filing of International PCT Application No. PCT/CN2020/126985 by Cheng et al., entitled “SIGNALING FOR ACTIVATION OF A BANDWIDTH PART,” filed Nov. 6, 2020; and claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2019/116159 by Cheng et al., entitled “SIGNALING FOR ACTIVATION OF A BANDWIDTH PART,” filed Nov. 7, 2019, each of which is assigned to the assignee hereof, and each of which is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     The following relates generally to wireless communications and more specifically to signaling for activation of a bandwidth part. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). 
     Some wireless multiple access systems may support bandwidth parts (BWP) to support low power UEs with less receiver bandwidth capability than an entire bandwidth. These UEs may be configured with one active downlink BWP and one active uplink BWP for a given serving cell. In some cases, a BWP may be a dormant BWP, in which physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) resources are not allocated and/or used. Thus, a UE may be configured with a communication link with a base station on a dormant BWP. In some cases, a UE may be switched from monitoring a dormant BWP to an active BWP. 
     SUMMARY 
     The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support signaling for activation of a bandwidth part. Generally, the described techniques provide signaling formats to cause a user equipment (UE) to switch to an active bandwidth part (BWP) in a secondary cell (SCell) of a secondary cell group (SCG). The techniques include signaling the UE while the UE is in an active state or an inactive state (e.g., sleeping) and while the UE is connected to a secondary node on a dormant BWP. The UE may receive, from a master node, downlink control information (DCI) indicating a transition to an active BWP for the communication link with the secondary node. The UE may then perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the DCI. The DCI may include bitmaps with bits corresponding to SCells of an SCG, bitmaps that correspond to radio resource control (RRC) configured SCG, extra bits that signal to the UE that an activation corresponds to a SCG, radio network temporary identifiers (RNTIs) that signal to the UE that the activation corresponds to a SCG, or any combination thereof. 
     A method of wireless communications is described. The method may include identifying that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part, receiving, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node, and performing a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     An apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part, receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node, and perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communications is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part, receiving, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node, and performing a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part, receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node, and perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling activation of a secondary cell group including a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication includes a bit signaling the activation of the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling that each secondary cell within a set of secondary cells may be active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the downlink control information further includes a group indication that signals that the activation indication pertains to a secondary cell group including the set of secondary cells. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the group indication includes a bit indicating activation of the secondary cell group. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where the received downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication signals that each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells may be active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of the set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where receipt of the radio network temporary identifier indicates that the downlink control information includes the activation indication signaling activation of the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the downlink control information while the UE may be in an active state. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, while the UE may be in an inactive state, the downlink control information as a wake up signal, where the UE transitions to an active state upon receipt of the wake up signal. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where the received downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the set of secondary cells including a secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, performing the communication with the secondary node may include operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring a physical downlink control channel on the activated bandwidth part. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, identifying that the UE may be configured with the communication link with the secondary node on the dormant bandwidth part may include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing one or more cell quality measurements, and transmitting the one or more cell quality measurements to the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a blind decoding on a physical downlink control channel including the downlink control information, where each blinding decoding attempt contributes to a blind decoding limit configured at the UE. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for delaying the communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part by a predetermined threshold in response to receiving the indication of the transition. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a radio resource control signaling indicating a discontinuous reception pattern for one or more secondary cells associated with the activated bandwidth part, where the communication may be performed with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the discontinuous reception pattern. 
     A method of wireless communications at a base station is described. The method may include identifying that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part and transmitting, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part and transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communications at a base station is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part and transmitting, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a base station is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part and transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling activation of a secondary cell group including a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication includes a bit signaling the activation of the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling that each secondary cell within a set of secondary cells may be active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the downlink control information further includes a group indication that signals that the activation indication pertains to a secondary cell group including the set of secondary cells. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the group indication includes a bit signaling activation of the set of secondary cells including a secondary cell group. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where the transmitted downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication signals that each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells may be active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of the set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where transmission of the radio network temporary identifier indicates that the downlink control information includes the activation indication signaling activation of the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the downlink control information while the UE may be in an active state. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the downlink control information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, while the UE may be in an inactive state, the downlink control information as a wake up signal. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where the transmitted downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the set of secondary cells including a secondary cell group. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a radio resource control signaling indicating a discontinuous reception pattern for one or more secondary cells associated with the activated bandwidth part. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a system for wireless communications that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a state diagram that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a process flow diagram that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  5  and  6    show block diagrams of devices that support signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  9  and  10    show block diagrams of devices that support signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  13  and  14    show flowcharts illustrating methods that support signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some wireless multiple access systems may support bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support low power user equipment (UEs) with less receiver bandwidth capability than an entire bandwidth. These UEs may be configured with one active downlink BWP and one active uplink BWP for a given serving cell. In some cases, a BWP may be a dormant BWP, in which physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) resources are not allocated and/or used. Thus, a UE may be configured with a communication link with a base station on a dormant BWP. In some cases, a UE may be switched from monitoring a dormant BWP to an active BWP in a given serving cell. 
     Techniques described herein may be used to switch, by master node, a UE from a dormant BWP to an active BWP on a communication link with a secondary node. In some cases, the master node may transmit downlink control information (DCI) with an activation indication to indicate a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node. The UE may perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the DCI. When the UE receives the DCI, the UE may be in an active state or an inactive state. The DCI may activate one or more individual secondary cells (SCells), a secondary cell group (SCG), or both. Accordingly, the UE may switch to a BWP corresponding to the activated SCell or secondary cell group (SCG) in response to receiving the DCI. 
     Particular aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to realize one or more advantages. The described techniques may support improvements in the activation of BWPs, decreasing signaling overhead, and improving reliability, among other advantages. As such, supported techniques may include improved network operations and, in some examples, may promote network efficiencies, among other benefits. Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further described with respect to a wireless communications systems illustrating activation of a BWP and a state diagram illustrating state transitions for a UE. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to signaling for activation of a bandwidth part. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  100  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system  100  may include one or more base stations  105 , one or more UEs  115 , and a core network  130 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof. 
     The base stations  105  may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system  100  and may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. The base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links  125 . Each base station  105  may provide a coverage area  110  over which the UEs  115  and the base station  105  may establish one or more communication links  125 . The coverage area  110  may be an example of a geographic area over which a base station  105  and a UE  115  may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies. 
     The UEs  115  may be dispersed throughout a coverage area  110  of the wireless communications system  100 , and each UE  115  may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs  115  may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs  115  are illustrated in  FIG.  1   . The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115 , the base stations  105 , or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The base stations  105  may communicate with the core network  130 , or with one another, or both. For example, the base stations  105  may interface with the core network  130  through one or more backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface). The base stations  105  may communicate with one another over the backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations  105 ), or indirectly (e.g., via core network  130 ), or both. In some examples, the backhaul links  120  may be or include one or more wireless links. 
     One or more of the base stations  105  described herein may include or may be referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology. 
     A UE  115  may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE  115  may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE  115  may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples. 
     The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115  that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations  105  and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links  125  over one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links  125 . For example, a carrier used for a communication link  125  may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system  100  may support communication with a UE  115  using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE  115  may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. 
     In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)) and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs  115 . A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode where initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs  115  via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode where a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology). 
     The communication links  125  shown in the wireless communications system  100  may include uplink transmissions from a UE  115  to a base station  105 , or downlink transmissions from a base station  105  to a UE  115 . Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode). 
     A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system  100 . For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of determined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system  100  (e.g., the base stations  105 , the UEs  115 , or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications over a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may include base stations  105  or UEs  115  that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE  115  may be configured for operating over portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth. 
     Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements that a UE  115  receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE  115 . A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE  115 . 
     One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE  115  may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE  115  may be restricted to one or more active BWPs. 
     The time intervals for the base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T s =1/(Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max  may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f  may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023). 
     Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wireless communications systems  100 , a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N f ) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation. 
     A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system  100  and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system  100  may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)). 
     Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs  115 . For example, one or more of the UEs  115  may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs  115  and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE  115 . 
     Each base station  105  may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station  105  (e.g., over a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area  110  or a portion of a geographic coverage area  110  (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the base station  105 . For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with geographic coverage areas  110 , among other examples. 
     A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs  115  with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station  105 , as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs  115  with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs  115  having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs  115  in a closed subscriber group (CSG), the UEs  115  associated with users in a home or office). A base station  105  may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications over the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers. 
     In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices. 
     In some examples, a base station  105  may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area  110 . In some examples, different geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas  110  may be supported by the same base station  105 . In other examples, the overlapping geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations  105 . The wireless communications system  100  may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the base stations  105  provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas  110  using the same or different radio access technologies. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations  105  may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations  105  may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations  105  may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations  105  may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations. 
     Some UEs  115 , such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station  105  without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that makes use of the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs  115  may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging. 
     Some UEs  115  may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously). In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs  115  include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs  115  may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) or mission critical communications. The UEs  115  may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions). Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission critical services such as mission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission critical video (MCVideo), or mission critical data (MCData). Support for mission critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission critical services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein. 
     In some examples, a UE  115  may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs  115  over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link  135  (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs  115  utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105 . Other UEs  115  in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105  or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station  105 . In some examples, groups of the UEs  115  communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE  115  transmits to every other UE  115  in the group. In some examples, a base station  105  facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs  115  without the involvement of a base station  105 . 
     In some systems, the D2D communication link  135  may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs  115 ). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations  105 ) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both. 
     The core network  130  may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network  130  may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs  115  served by the base stations  105  associated with the core network  130 . User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the network operators IP services  150 . The operators IP services  150  may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service. 
     Some of the network devices, such as a base station  105 , may include subcomponents such as an access network entity  140 , which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity  140  may communicate with the UEs  115  through one or more other access network transmission entities  145 , which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs). Each access network transmission entity  145  may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity  140  or base station  105  may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station  105 ). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs  115  located indoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs  115  and the base stations  105 , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, devices such as the base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples. 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station  105  or a UE  115  may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station  105  may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station  105  may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station  105  may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE  115 . Likewise, a UE  115  may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port. 
     The base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices. 
     Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation). 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station  105  may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station  105  multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station  105  may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station  105 , or by a receiving device, such as a UE  115 ) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station  105 . 
     Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station  105  in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE  115 ). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE  115  may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station  105  in different directions and may report to the base station  105  an indication of the signal that the UE  115  received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. 
     In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station  105  or a UE  115 ) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station  105  to a UE  115 ). The UE  115  may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station  105  may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE  115  may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station  105 , a UE  115  may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE  115 ) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device). 
     A receiving device (e.g., a UE  115 ) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station  105 , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE  115  and a base station  105  or a core network  130  supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels. 
     The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link  125 . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval. 
     Some UEs  115  in the wireless communications system  100  may be lower power UEs  115  that may not be able to monitor or communicate a full radiofrequency spectrum bandwidth. As such, these UEs  115  (as well as some other UEs, such as full power UEs  115 ) may be configured with BWPs, which may be a portion of a full bandwidth. As such, these UEs may perform uplink communications on an uplink BWP and downlink communications on a downlink BWP. A UE  115  may be configured with one active downlink BWP and one active uplink BWP at a given time for a serving cell. In some cases, a base station  105  may transmit an RRC signal or DCI signal to switch the UE  115  to different BWPs in a serving cell. UEs  115  may also switch to a default BWP in a serving cell based on expiration of a timer or based on some other condition. 
     Some BWPs may be configured as dormant BWPs. A UE  115  may not perform physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring on a dormant BWP but may perform periodic cell quality information (CQI) measurements and report these measurements to a base station  105 . A UE  115  may also perform radio resource management (RRM), AAC, and beam management measurements and reporting on a dormant BWP. In some cases, the UEs  115  may be connected to the secondary nodes on the dormant BWPs due to expiration of an inactivity timer on an active BWP. Fast cell activation for a UE  115  connected to a base station  105  via a dormant BWP may be achieved by transitioning between dormancy behavior and normal data transfer on activated SCells. 
     According to certain implementations, a UE  115  may be connected to a secondary node (e.g., a base station  105 ) on a dormant BWP. To switch the UE  115  to an active BWP on an SCell or SCell group, a master node (e.g., a base station  105 ) may transmit DCI, which indicates to the UE  115  to transition to an active BWP for the communication link with the secondary node. In accordance with the DCI, the UE  115  may perform a communication with the secondary node on the active BWP. Thus, the master node may manage the activation of BWPs for UEs  115  connected to secondary nodes via dormant BWPs. 
     The DCI may be configured with an activation indication that indicates activation of individual SCells within an SCG or activation of the SCG. Accordingly, the UE  115  may communicate with the secondary node via an active BWP corresponding to the activated SCell or SCell group. In some cases, the activation indication includes a bitmap, with each bit signaling whether individual SCells are active or inactive. The DCI may also include an extra bit that signals whether an SCG including a set of SCells is active or inactive. In other examples, the DCI may include a bitmap corresponding to a SCG mapping that is preconfigured via RRC signaling. In some examples, the UE  115  may also receive an RNTI that signals that the DCI includes the activation indication for the set of SCells (e.g., individual SCells, an SCell group, or both). When the UE  115  is in an inactive state (e.g., sleeping), then the DCI may be received as a wake-up signal, and the UE  115  may transition to an active state. The DCI transmitted as the wake-up signal may include the SCell bitmap, extra bit, SCell group bitmap, radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), etc., as described with respect to the UE  115  in an active state. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  200  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, wireless communications system  200  may implement aspects of wireless communication system  100 . The wireless communications system  200  includes a base station  105 - a,  a base station  105 - b,  and a UE  115 - a.  The base stations  105 - a  and  105 - b  may be examples of the base stations  105  as described with respect to  FIG.  1   , and the UE  115 - a  may be an example of the UEs  115  described with respect to  FIG.  1   . 
     The base station  105 - a  may be an example of a master node, and the base station  105 - b  may be an example of a secondary node. As such, the base station  105 - a  may manage resources, cell activation, etc. on the base station  105 - b  and other base stations via a backhaul link  120 , for example. In some cases, a single base station (e.g., base station  105 - a ) may support a master node (MN) that is associated with a master cell group and one or more secondary nodes (SN) that are associated with an SGG. The master node and the secondary nodes may be physically or logically separate components of the base station  105 . The UE  115 - a  may establish a communication link  205  via an SCell of the base station  105 - b  (e.g., the secondary node). The UE  115 - a  may perform uplink and/or downlink communications on a respective active UL BWP and active DL BWP associated with the SCell. In some cases, the UE  115 - a  may switch to a dormant BWP  210  based on an instruction received from the base station  105 - a  (e.g., the master node). For example, the master node may utilize DCI  225  to indicate to the UE  115 - a  to suspend a SCG/secondary node for some period. 
     While the UE  115 - a  is connected to the secondary node (e.g., the base station  105 - b ) via the dormant bandwidth part (e.g., the SCG and the PSCell are put in dormancy by the UE  115 - a ), the UE may store the SCG configuration but may not monitor a PDCCH of the PSCell/SCell for power saving purposes. While in SCG suspension, the UE  115 - a  may be configured to perform RRM and channel state information (CSI) measurements for the SCG, and report the measurement results of the SCG to the master node (e.g., the base station  105 - a ). 
     The techniques described herein may be used such that the master node (e.g., the base station  105 - a ) may activate a bandwidth part at the UE  115 - a  in an efficient manner. Activation of a bandwidth part at UE  115 - a  may correspond to transmitting an indication of an SCell and/or SCG that is active, such that the UE  115 - a  may transition to an active BWP  215  corresponding to the indicated SCell and/or SCell group and communicate with the secondary node via the active BWP  215 . To indicate the active BWP  215  to the base station, the master node may utilize DCI  225  (e.g., PDCCH DCI) that indicates the transition to the active BWP  215  for the communication with the secondary node. 
     The DCI  225  may include various signaling formats to indicate the activated SCell and/or SCG. In some cases, the DCI  225  may be used in conjunction with other signaling (e.g., RNTI, RRC) to indicate activation of the SCell/SCG. For example, the DCI  225  may include a SCell bitmap (e.g., an N bit bitmap), where each bit corresponds to an SCell of a set of SCells (e.g., an SCG). In some cases, N is the maximum number of SCells supported in a master cell group (MCG) (e.g., 15 SCells supported in the MCG). Accordingly, when a bit has the value of “1,” then the corresponding SCell may be activated for the UE  115 - a,  and when a bit has the value of “0,” then the corresponding SCell may be indicated as inactive for the UE  115 - a.  In addition to the bitmap, the DCI  225  may include a bit (e.g., a 16th bit) to indicate whether the DCI  225  is used to indicate dormancy (or activation) of an SCG. Thus, when the bit value is 1, then each SCell and the PSCell of the SCG may be activated for the UE  115 - a,  and if the bit value is 0, then each SCell of the SCG may be indicated as inactive for the UE  115 - a.  In some examples, the 16th bit may indicate that the bitmap corresponds to indication of dormancy or activation of the SCells in a SCG. Further, additional bits may be used to indicate the dormancy status of cell of the SCG without using the 16th bit for activation of the SCG. 
     In other cases, the UE  115 - a  may be configured with a mapping of SCGs via RRC. All serving cells (e.g., PSCell and SCells) in an SCG may be mapped to a particular bit via the RRC. For example, the RRC may indicate bitmap, where each bit of the bitmap corresponds to a SCG, which may have one or more SCells. Accordingly, the DCI  225  may include an indication of the SCG group mapping, where a bit value of 1 indicates activation of the corresponding SCG for the UE  115 - a  and the bit value of 0 indicates that the corresponding SCG is inactive for the UE  115 - a.  In some cases, an SCG may not contain both an MCG cell and a SCG cell. 
     Some examples may also utilize RNTI separate from an MCG SCell indication to signal that the DCI  225  includes the activation of an SCell or SCG. In some cases, a new RNTI may be used to scramble the DCI  225  for a SCG. In other cases, the RNTI used for the MCG SCell indication may be used, but an additional bit may be used to differentiate the MCG indication from the SCell/SCG activation. Further, the bitmap (e.g., the N bit bitmap), where each bit corresponds to an SCell, may be used in addition to the RNTI such that the RNTI indicates that the DCI  225  includes an activation of an SCell. Further, the RNTI may also be used in conjunction with the SCG bitmap (configured via RRC). In such cases, a new RNTI may be used to scramble the DCI  225  or the RNTI for the MCG SCell indication may be used, by the RNTI may include an extra bit to differentiate the MCG SCell indication from the SCell activation. 
     In some examples, the UE  115 - a  may be in an inactive state (e.g., sleeping). Accordingly, the DCI  225  may be transmitted as a wake-up signal. When the UE  115 - a  receives the wake-up signal, the UE  115 - a  may transition to the active state, process the DCI  225  (which may include the information to activate an SCell/SCG, as described herein), and transition to an active BWP based on the DCI  225 . That is, the SCG group bitmap (e.g., configured via RRC) may be signaled for a wake-up signal PDCCH. Further, a separate RNTI may be used for the wake-up signal PDCCH, and the RNTI may be used to scramble the PDCCH DCI  225  or the RNTI used for MCG SCell indications may be used in addition to an extra bit that is used to differentiate the SCell activation from the MCG SCell indications. Thus, a UE may “wake-up” and transition to an active BWP in accordance with the DCI  225  SCell/SCG activation. 
     When the UE  115 - a  receives these indications, the UE  115 - a  may switch from a dormancy behavior (e.g., not monitoring a PDCCH) to a non-dormancy behavior in a PSCell and activated SCells of the SCG (e.g., the UE  115  switches from the dormant BWP  210  to the active BWP  215 ). Further, blind-decoding/control channel element for PDCCH decoding on the PCell for the activation indications may be counted for the MCG blind decoding/control channel element limits of the UE  115 - a.  That is, when the UE  115 - a  performs blind decoding for the DCI  225 , then each attempt may count towards a limit configured at the UE  115 - a.  Additionally, the MCG indications and SCG indications may be asynchronous, and an application delay for the BWP switch may be increased to accommodate the asynchronization time. The UE  115 - a  may use additional time to switch to the active BWP  215  to start communicating on the active BWP. Moreover, the MCG and SCG may follow different discontinuous reception (DRX) patterns. As such, RRC signaling may be used to indicate DRX patterns for SCells/SCGs, and the patterns may be used when the UE  115 - a  switches to the active BWP  215  corresponding to the cell. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a state diagram  300  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, state diagram  300  may implement aspects of wireless communication system  100 . The state diagram  300  may indicate various states and state transmissions of a UE (e.g., the UE  115 - a ) of  FIG.  3   . 
     When the UE  115  is in deactivated state  305  (e.g., sleeping or inactive), the UE  115  may be switched to an activated state  310  via MAC-CE signaling or via wake-up signal DCI, as described herein. Further, the UE  115  may switch from the activated state  310  via MAC-CE signaling and/or based on expiration of a timer (e.g., sCellDeactivationTimer). While the UE  115  is in the activated state  310 , the UE may be connected with a secondary node on an active BWP (state  315 ) or a dormant BWP (state  320 ). The active or inactive BWP may be an UL BWP or a DL BWP. While being connected to a node on the dormant BWP (at state  320 ), the UE  115  may not monitor a PDCCH but may perform CSI, RRM ACG, and beam management measurements and reporting. 
     The UE  115  may transition to an active BWP (state  315 ) from the dormant BWP (state  320 ) using fast cell activation, as described herein, such that the UE  115  may perform data transfer on the activated SCells (e.g., the activated BWP). The UE  115  may transition based on a DCI (e.g., for cross-carrier BWP switch) or an implicit BWP switch. The UE  115  may transition from the active BWP (state  315 ) to the dormant BWP (state  320 ) based on DCI or expiration of a timer (e.g., a bwp-inactivityTimer). As discussed herein, the DCI may include an SCell bitmap, an SCell bitmap with an extra bit, an SCG bitmap (configured via RRC), an RNTI, an RNTI with an extra bit, a combination of the SCell bitmap and RNTI, a combination of the SCG group bitmap and RNTI, etc. as described herein to indicate the SCell/SCG for BWP activation. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a process flow diagram  400  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, process flow diagram  400  may implement aspects of wireless communication system  100 . Process flow diagram  400  includes a UE  115 - b,  which may be examples of the corresponding devices as discussed with respect to  FIGS.  1  through  3    (e.g., UE  115 - a  of  FIG.  2   ). Process flow diagram  400  includes a master node  430  and a secondary node  435 , which may be examples of a base station  105  as discussed with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  2   . The secondary node  435  may correspond to or support a SCG. 
     At  405 , the UE  115 - b  may receive an RRC signal from the master node  430 . The RRC signal may configure various SCG mappings at the UE  115 - b.    
     At  410 , the UE  115 - b  may identify that the UE  115 - b  is configured with a communication link with the secondary node  435  on a dormant BWP. The UE  115 - b  may be connected to the secondary node  435  based on expiration of a timer, based on DCI signaling, etc. 
     At  415 , the master node  430  may transmit an SCG activation request to the secondary node  435 , such that the secondary node  435  may activate the SCells of the SCG. 
     At  420 , the UE  115 - b  may receive, from the master node  430 , DCI indicating a transition to an active BWP for the communication link with the secondary node. In some examples, the UE  115 - b  may receive an RNTI that may be used to identify that the DCI includes an activation of an SCell/SCG. The DCI may include signaling formats such as, an SCell bitmap, an SCell bitmap with an extra bit, an SCG bitmap (configured via RRC), an RNTI, an RNTI with an extra bit, a combination of the SCell bitmap and RNTI, a combination of the SCG group bitmap and RNTI, etc. as described herein. In some cases, the UE  115  is in a deactivated/inactive state when it receives the DCI as a wake-up signal. The DCI may transition to the active state and switch to the active BWP in accordance with the DCI indication. 
     At  425 , the UE  115 - b  performs a communication with the secondary node on the active BWP in accordance with the DCI. The communication may include monitoring PDCCH, performing uplink or downlink communications, etc. 
       FIG.  5    shows a block diagram  500  of a device  505  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  505  may be an example of aspects of a UE  115  as described herein. The device  505  may include a receiver  510 , a communications manager  515 , and a transmitter  520 . The device  505  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  510  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to signaling for activation of a bandwidth part, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  505 . The receiver  510  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  820  described with reference to  FIG.  8   . The receiver  510  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The communications manager  515  may identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part, receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node, and perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. The communications manager  515  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  810  described herein. 
     The communications manager  515 , or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager  515 , or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The communications manager  515 , or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the communications manager  515 , or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the communications manager  515 , or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     The transmitter  520  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  505 . In some examples, the transmitter  520  may be collocated with a receiver  510  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  520  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  820  described with reference to  FIG.  8   . The transmitter  520  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     In some examples, the communications manager  515  may be implemented as an integrated circuit or chipset for a mobile device modem, and the receiver  510  and transmitter  520  may be implemented as analog components (e.g., amplifiers, filters, antennas) coupled with the mobile device modem to enable wireless transmission and reception over one or more bands. 
     The communications manager  515  as described herein may be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages. One implementation may allow the device  505  to more efficiently transition to an active BWP to begin communications, and more specifically to receive DCI that indicates activation of the BWP and transition to the active BWP. For example, the device  505  may identify an SCell or SCG corresponding to the activated BWP and perform communication on the activated BWP in accordance with the identification of the SCell or SCG. 
     Based on implementing the feedback mechanism techniques as described herein, a processor of a UE  115  (e.g., controlling the receiver  510 , the transmitter  520 , or the transceiver  820  as described with reference to  FIG.  8   ) may increase reliability and decrease signaling overhead in transitioning to the active BWP. 
       FIG.  6    shows a block diagram  600  of a device  605  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  605  may be an example of aspects of a device  505 , or a UE  115  as described herein. The device  605  may include a receiver  610 , a communications manager  615 , and a transmitter  635 . The device  605  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  610  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to signaling for activation of a bandwidth part, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  605 . The receiver  610  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  820  described with reference to  FIG.  8   . The receiver  610  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The communications manager  615  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  515  as described herein. The communications manager  615  may include a BWP identification component  620 , a DCI component  625 , and a communication interface  630 . The communications manager  615  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  810  described herein. The BWP identification component  620  may identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part. 
     The DCI component  625  may receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node. The communication interface  630  may perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     The transmitter  635  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  605 . In some examples, the transmitter  635  may be collocated with a receiver  610  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  635  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  820  described with reference to  FIG.  8   . The transmitter  635  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG.  7    shows a block diagram  700  of a communications manager  705  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager  705  may be an example of aspects of a communications manager  515 , a communications manager  615 , or a communications manager  810  described herein. The communications manager  705  may include a BWP identification component  710 , a DCI component  715 , a communication interface  720 , a RRC component  725 , a RNTI component  730 , a channel monitoring component  735 , a measurement component  740 , and a blind decoding component  745 . Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The BWP identification component  710  may identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part. The DCI component  715  may receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the DCI component  715  may receive, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling activation of a secondary cell group including a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the DCI component  715  may receive, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling that each secondary cell within a set of secondary cells is active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the DCI component  715  may receive the downlink control information while the UE is in an active state. In some examples, the DCI component  715  may receive, while the UE is in an inactive state, the downlink control information as a wake up signal, where the UE transitions to an active state upon receipt of the wake up signal. 
     In some cases, the activation indication includes a bit signaling the activation of the secondary cell group. In some cases, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     In some cases, the downlink control information further includes a group indication that signals that the activation indication pertains to a secondary cell group including the set of secondary cells. In some cases, the group indication includes a bit indicating activation of the secondary cell group. 
     The communication interface  720  may perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. In some examples, the communication interface  720  may delay the communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part by a predetermined threshold in response to receiving the indication of the transition. 
     The RRC component  725  may receive a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where the received downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the RRC component  725  may receive a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of the set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where receipt of the radio network temporary identifier indicates that the downlink control information includes the activation indication signaling activation of the secondary cell group. 
     In some examples, the RRC component  725  may receive a radio resource control signaling indicating a discontinuous reception pattern for one or more secondary cells associated with the activated bandwidth part, where the communication is performed with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the discontinuous reception pattern. 
     In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the secondary cell group. 
     The RNTI component  730  may receive a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication. 
     In some cases, the activation indication signals that each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells is active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. In some cases, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the set of secondary cells including a secondary cell group. The channel monitoring component  735  may monitor a physical downlink control channel on the activated bandwidth part. 
     The measurement component  740  may perform one or more cell quality measurements. In some examples, the measurement component  740  may transmit the one or more cell quality measurements to the secondary node. 
     The blind decoding component  745  may perform a blind decoding on a physical downlink control channel including the downlink control information, where each blinding decoding attempt contributes to a blind decoding limit configured at the UE. 
       FIG.  8    shows a diagram of a system  800  including a device  805  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  805  may be an example of or include the components of device  505 , device  605 , or a UE  115  as described herein. The device  805  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager  810 , an I/O controller  815 , a transceiver  820 , an antenna  825 , memory  830 , and a processor  840 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  845 ). 
     The communications manager  810  may identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part, receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node, and perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     The I/O controller  815  may manage input and output signals for the device  805 . The I/O controller  815  may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device  805 . In some cases, the I/O controller  815  may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller  815  may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller  815  may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller  815  may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device  805  via the I/O controller  815  or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller  815 . 
     The transceiver  820  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  820  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  820  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna  825 . However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna  825 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     The memory  830  may include RAM and ROM. The memory  830  may store computer-readable, computer-executable code  835  including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  830  may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     The processor  840  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor  840  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor  840 . The processor  840  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory  830 ) to cause the device  805  to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting signaling for activation of a bandwidth part). 
     The code  835  may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications. The code  835  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code  835  may not be directly executable by the processor  840  but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
       FIG.  9    shows a block diagram  900  of a device  905  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  905  may be an example of aspects of a base station  105  as described herein. The device  905  may include a receiver  910 , a communications manager  915 , and a transmitter  920 . The device  905  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  910  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to signaling for activation of a bandwidth part, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  905 . The receiver  910  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The receiver  910  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The communications manager  915  may identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part and transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. The communications manager  915  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  1210  described herein. 
     The communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager  915 , or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     The transmitter  920  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  905 . In some examples, the transmitter  920  may be collocated with a receiver  910  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  920  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The transmitter  920  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG.  10    shows a block diagram  1000  of a device  1005  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  1005  may be an example of aspects of a device  905 , or a base station  105  as described herein. The device  1005  may include a receiver  1010 , a communications manager  1015 , and a transmitter  1030 . The device  1005  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  1010  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to signaling for activation of a bandwidth part, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  1005 . The receiver  1010  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The receiver  1010  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The communications manager  1015  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  915  as described herein. The communications manager  1015  may include a BWP identification component  1020  and a DCI component  1025 . The communications manager  1015  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  1210  described herein. 
     The BWP identification component  1020  may identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part. The DCI component  1025  may transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     The transmitter  1030  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  1005 . In some examples, the transmitter  1030  may be collocated with a receiver  1010  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  1030  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The transmitter  1030  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG.  11    shows a block diagram  1100  of a communications manager  1105  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager  1105  may be an example of aspects of a communications manager  915 , a communications manager  1015 , or a communications manager  1210  described herein. The communications manager  1105  may include a BWP identification component  1110 , a DCI component  1115 , a RRC component  1120 , and a RNTI component  1125 . Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The BWP identification component  1110  may identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part. The DCI component  1115  may transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     In some examples, the DCI component  1115  may transmit, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling activation of a secondary cell group including a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the DCI component  1115  may transmit, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling that each secondary cell within a set of secondary cells is active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the DCI component  1115  may transmit the downlink control information while the UE is in an active state. In some examples, the DCI component  1115  may transmit, while the UE is in an inactive state, the downlink control information as a wake up signal. 
     In some cases, the activation indication includes a bit signaling the activation of the secondary cell group. In some cases, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     In some cases, the downlink control information further includes a group indication that signals that the activation indication pertains to a secondary cell group including the set of secondary cells. In some cases, the group indication includes a bit indicating activation of the set of secondary cells including a secondary cell group. 
     The RRC component  1120  may transmit a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where the transmitted downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     In some examples, the RRC component  1120  may transmit a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of the set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, where transmission of the radio network temporary identifier indicates that the downlink control information includes the activation indication signaling activation of the secondary cell group. In some examples, the RRC component  1120  may transmit a radio resource control signaling indicating a discontinuous reception pattern for one or more secondary cells associated with the activated bandwidth part. 
     The RNTI component  1125  may transmit a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication. In some cases, the activation indication signals that each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells is active or inactive, where the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     In some cases, the activation indication includes a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the secondary cell group. In some cases, the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the set of secondary cells including a secondary cell group. 
       FIG.  12    shows a diagram of a system  1200  including a device  1205  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  1205  may be an example of or include the components of device  905 , device  1005 , or a base station  105  as described herein. The device  1205  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager  1210 , a network communications manager  1215 , a transceiver  1220 , an antenna  1225 , memory  1230 , a processor  1240 , and an inter-station communications manager  1245 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  1250 ). 
     The communications manager  1210  may identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part and transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     The network communications manager  1215  may manage communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager  1215  may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs  115 . 
     The transceiver  1220  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  1220  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  1220  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. 
     In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna  1225 . However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna  1225 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     The memory  1230  may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. The memory  1230  may store computer-readable code  1235  including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor  1240 ) cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  1230  may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     The processor  1240  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor  1240  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor  1240 . The processor  1240  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory  1230 ) to cause the device  1205  to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting signaling for activation of a bandwidth part). 
     The inter-station communications manager  1245  may manage communications with other base station  105 , and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs  115  in cooperation with other base stations  105 . For example, the inter-station communications manager  1245  may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs  115  for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager  1245  may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations  105 . 
     The code  1235  may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications. The code  1235  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code  1235  may not be directly executable by the processor  1240  but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
       FIG.  13    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1300  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1300  may be implemented by a UE  115  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1300  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS.  5  through  8   . In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1305 , the UE may identify that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part. The operations of  1305  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1305  may be performed by a BWP identification component as described with reference to  FIGS.  5  through  8   . 
     At  1310 , the UE may receive, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node. The operations of  1310  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1310  may be performed by a DCI component as described with reference to  FIGS.  5  through  8   . 
     At  1315 , the UE may perform a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. The operations of  1315  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1315  may be performed by a communication interface as described with reference to  FIGS.  5  through  8   . 
       FIG.  14    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1400  that supports signaling for activation of a bandwidth part in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1400  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1400  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1405 , the base station may identify that a UE, in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part. The operations of  1405  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1405  may be performed by a BWP identification component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1410 , the base station may transmit, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. The operations of  1410  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1410  may be performed by a DCI component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. 
     The following provides an overview of aspects of the present invention: 
     Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications, comprising: identifying that the UE is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part; receiving, from a master node, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link with the secondary node; and performing a communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the downlink control information. 
     Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein receiving the downlink control information comprises: receiving, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling activation of a secondary cell group comprising a set of secondary cells, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein the activation indication comprises a bit signaling the activation of the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 4: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 3, wherein receiving the downlink control information comprises: receiving, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling that each secondary cell within a set of secondary cells is active or inactive, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 5: The method of any one of aspects 3 through 4, wherein the activation indication comprises a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     Aspect 6: The method of any one of aspects 4 through 5, wherein the downlink control information further includes a group indication that signals that the activation indication pertains to a secondary cell group comprising the set of secondary cells. 
     Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein the group indication comprises a bit indicating activation of the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 8: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: receiving a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, wherein the received downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 9: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: receiving a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     Aspect 11: The method of any one of aspects 9 through 10, wherein the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication. 
     Aspect 12: The method of any one of aspects 9 through 11, wherein the activation indication signals that each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells is active or inactive, the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein the activation indication comprises a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     Aspect 14: The method of any one of aspects 9 through 13, further comprising: receiving a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of the set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, wherein receipt of the radio network temporary identifier indicates that the downlink control information includes the activation indication signaling activation of the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     Aspect 16: The method of any one of aspects 14 through 15, wherein the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 17: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 16, wherein receiving the downlink control information comprises: receiving the downlink control information while the UE is in an active state. 
     Aspect 18: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 16, wherein receiving the downlink control information comprises: receiving, while the UE is in an inactive state, the downlink control information as a wake up signal, wherein the UE transitions to an active state upon receipt of the wake up signal. 
     Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, further comprising: receiving a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, wherein the received downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 20: The method of any one of aspects 18 through 19, further comprising: receiving a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     Aspect 22: The method of any one of aspects 20 through 21, wherein the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the set of secondary cells comprising a secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 23: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 22, wherein performing the communication with the secondary node comprises: monitoring a physical downlink control channel on the activated bandwidth part. 
     Aspect 24: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 23, wherein identifying that the UE is configured with the communication link with the secondary node on the dormant bandwidth part comprises: performing one or more cell quality measurements; and transmitting the one or more cell quality measurements to the secondary node. 
     Aspect 25: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 24, wherein receiving the downlink control information comprises: performing a blind decoding on a physical downlink control channel comprising the downlink control information, wherein each blinding decoding attempt contributes to a blind decoding limit configured at the UE. 
     Aspect 26: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 25, further comprising: delaying the communication with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part by a predetermined threshold in response to receiving the indication of the transition. 
     Aspect 27: The method of any one of aspects 1 through 26, further comprising: receiving a radio resource control signaling indicating a discontinuous reception pattern for one or more secondary cells associated with the activated bandwidth part, wherein the communication is performed with the secondary node on the active bandwidth part in accordance with the discontinuous reception pattern. 
     Aspect 28: A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising: identifying that a user equipment (UE), in communication with the base station operating as a master node, is configured with a communication link with a secondary node on a dormant bandwidth part; and transmitting, to the UE, downlink control information indicating a transition to an active bandwidth part for the communication link between the secondary node and the UE. 
     Aspect 29: The method of aspect 28, wherein transmitting the downlink control information comprises: transmitting, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling activation of a secondary cell group comprising a set of secondary cells, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 30: The method of aspect 29, wherein the activation indication comprises a bit signaling the activation of the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 31: The method of any one of aspects 28 through 30, wherein transmitting the downlink control information comprises: transmitting, via the downlink control information, an activation indication signaling that each secondary cell within a set of secondary cells is active or inactive, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 32: The method of aspect 31, wherein the activation indication comprises a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     Aspect 33: The method of any one of aspects 31 through 32, wherein the downlink control information further includes a group indication that signals that the activation indication pertains to a secondary cell group comprising the set of secondary cells. 
     Aspect 34: The method of aspect 33, wherein the group indication comprises a bit signaling activation of the set of secondary cells comprising a secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 35: The method of any one of aspects 28 through 34, further comprising: transmitting a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, wherein the transmitted downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 36: The method of any one of aspects 28 through 35, further comprising: transmitting a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 37: The method of aspect 36, wherein the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     Aspect 38: The method of any one of aspects 36 through 37, wherein the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication. 
     Aspect 39: The method of any one of aspects 36 through 38, wherein the activation indication signals that each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells is active or inactive, the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 40: The method of aspect 39, wherein the activation indication comprises a bitmap including a bit for each secondary cell within the set of secondary cells. 
     Aspect 41: The method of any one of aspects 36 through 40, further comprising: transmitting a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of the set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, wherein transmission of the radio network temporary identifier indicates that the downlink control information includes the activation indication signaling activation of the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 42: The method of aspect 41, wherein the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     Aspect 43: The method of any one of aspects 41 through 42, wherein the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 44: The method of any one of aspects 28 through 43, wherein transmitting the downlink control information comprises: transmitting the downlink control information while the UE is in an active state. 
     Aspect 45: The method of any one of aspects 28 through 44, wherein transmitting the downlink control information comprises: transmitting, while the UE is in an inactive state, the downlink control information as a wake up signal. 
     Aspect 46: The method of aspect 45, further comprising: transmitting a radio resource control signal including a mapping indication of a mapping of a set of secondary cells to a secondary cell group, wherein the transmitted downlink control information includes the mapping indication to signal activation of the set of secondary cells of the secondary cell group, and wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to an activated secondary cell within the secondary cell group associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 47: The method of any one of aspects 45 through 46, further comprising: transmitting a radio network temporary identifier that indicates that the downlink control information includes an activation indication signaling activation of a set of secondary cells, wherein the active bandwidth part corresponds to the activated set of secondary cells associated with the secondary node. 
     Aspect 48: The method of aspect 47, wherein the radio network temporary identifier scrambles the downlink control information including the activation indication. 
     Aspect 49: The method of any one of aspects 47 through 48, wherein the radio network temporary identifier includes a bit signaling that the downlink control information includes the activation indication for the set of secondary cells comprising a secondary cell group. 
     Aspect 50: The method of any one of aspects 28 through 49, further comprising: transmitting a radio resource control signaling indicating a discontinuous reception pattern for one or more secondary cells associated with the activated bandwidth part. 
     Aspect 51: An apparatus for wireless communications comprising at least one means for performing a method of any one of aspects 1 through 27. 
     Aspect 52: An apparatus for wireless communications comprising a processor and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to perform a method of any one of aspects 1 through 27. 
     Aspect 53: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any one of aspects 1 through 27. 
     Aspect 54: An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station comprising at least one means for performing a method of any one of aspects 28 through 50. 
     Aspect 55: An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station comprising a processor and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to perform a method of any one of aspects 28 through 50. 
     Aspect 56: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a base station the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any one of aspects 28 through 50. 
     Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein. 
     Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). 
     The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. 
     Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” 
     In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label. 
     The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples. 
     The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.