Patent Publication Number: US-4734203-A

Title: Copper chelants/dispersants and their applications for boiler internal treatment

Description:
PRIOR ART 
     The present invention is concerned with the utilization of copper chelants or dispersants which have an application in transporting copper ions, sulfides and oxides through a boiler. It has been found that, especially in use, boilers utilizing 1,000 psig and at high temperature or alternately stated at high temperature and presure, develop heavy metal deposition in the interface of the boiler which engenders scale and corrosion. Of the heavy metals copper deleteriously forms sandwich-type coating with iron from copper ions and oxides present in the boiler water. 
     Two compositions have come to the fore as specific copper chelants or dispersants. These compositions are known as copper transport compositions and they are as follows: (piperazine methyl-para-hydroxy-sulfonic acid) n  or (piperazine methyl-para-hydroxy-benzoic acid) n , and their alkali metal salts where the polymer has n equals 2 to 20 units. The second compound is rubeanic acid (dithioxamide). The polymer above and the rubeanic acid are soluble in alkaline water or aqueous alkaline. Both compounds may be utilized in a combination treatment using a copper corrosion inhibitor such as tolyltriazole and benzotriazole with one or both chelants. 
     In the polypiperazine compound, the para-position for the hydroxybenzoic acid appears to be critical and with the rubeanic acid in the structure, the effect of the sulfur ion appears to qualify the chelant activity. The piperazine compound is known as a copper selective chelating resin. The complexation of copper ions with selective chelating resin is noted in &#34;Copper Selective Chelating Resins&#34;, Hodgkin and Eibl, Reactive Polymers, 3: 83-89 (1985). The article mentions condensation polymer prepared from phenol, formaldehyde, and piperazine in a Mannich reaction which was found to selectively chelate copper ions. 
     A water-insoluble ion exchange copper chelating resin was reported in U.S. Pat. No. 4,190,709, issued Feb. 28, 1986. The resin is also a Mannich type condensation polymer, resulting from the reaction among formaldehyde, piperazine and phenol. As the reactivity of phenol is trifunctional, a three-dimensional crosslinking reaction results in a water-insoluble product. 
     The other copper transporting agent is dithioxamide, also known as rubeanic acid, with the formula 
     
         SC(NH.sub.2)C(NH.sub.2)S 
    
     This compound selectively chelates copper ions utilizing the chelant qualities of the sulfur ions. 
     SUMMARY OF THIS INVENTION 
     For copper transport in aqueous alkaline boiler water, an alkaline water-soluble copper chelating polymer was desired. Blocking one of the phenol reactive sites prevents the three-dimensional crosslinking, P-cresol where the para-position is blocked by a methyl group, was substituted for the phenol. The product was, however, only soluble in low pH acidic water. Active site blocking carboxylate (P-hydroxy sodium benzoate) or sulfonate (P-phenol sodium sulfonate) groups gave aqueous alkaline soluble polymer products. O-hydroxy sodium benzoate and mixtures of ortho and para phenol sulfonates also gave soluble polymers. ##STR1## Alkaline soluble polymers were also prepared using other types of amines. Glycine and monoethanolamine were substituted for piperazine. These products were not as effective under boiler conditions. This suggests that the cyclic structure of amines is important for effective copper chelation. 
    
    
     In Table 1 below, which includes evidence of working examples of the present application, efficacy of rubeanic acid, carboxylated and sulfonated polymers copper transport agents, are shown clearly at 1000 psig pressure. The boilers in this case have a corresponding saturated steam temperature of 284.4 degrees C. The corresponding saturated steam temperature for 1800 psig boilers is 327.2 degrees C. 
     The standard test condition is as follows: 
     Test equipment: experimental boilers, 
     Feedwater: 1 ppm Ca, 0.5 ppm Mg, 0.5 ppm SiO2, various concentrations of copper (typical 0.1-0.5 ppm) 
     Blowdown: pH 10.1-11.5, recommended sulfite residual, 10 cycles, and two days. 
     DOSAGE 
     The dosage in comparing treating agent, active amount, over the copper ppm in solutions for the polymer 50:1 to 1:50; for rubeanic acid 25:1 to 1:25. The next treating agent to copper range is 100:1 to 10:1 and the narrow range is 50:1 to 10:1. 
     Rubeanic acid has the advantage over the polymers in high pressure applications (1800 psig). However, polymers have less ammonia generation to the steam which is favorable in terms of after boiler copper metal corrosion. The sulfonated version of the polymer has the advantage of over the carboxylated version due to higher water solubility at a wider pH range (pH 6.5 and above). A comparison of the complexing ability of the three compositions or compounds is included in Table 2. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
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Comparison of Copper Transport Performance                                
Rubeanic Acid vs. Polymer Resin                                           
         Heat Transfer Surface Appearance                                 
                  Polymer Resin                                           
Boiler Test                                                               
         Rubeanic Acid                                                    
                  Carboxylate                                             
                            Sulfonate                                     
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Standard Test:                                                            
1000 psig, 100 ppb                                                        
         Clean at 25/1*                                                   
                  Clean at 50/1                                           
                            Clean at 50/1                                 
Cu                                                                        
1000 psig, 4-day                                                          
         Clean at 25/1                                                    
                  Cu/Polymer at 50/1                                      
                            Clean at 50/1                                 
100 ppb Cu        Deposition, medium                                      
1000 psig, 2-day                                                          
         Clean at 20/1                                                    
                  Cu/Polymer                                              
                            Clean at 50/1                                 
500 ppb Cu        Deposition, medium                                      
                            Light Dep. at                                 
                            40/1                                          
1000 psig 2-day                                                           
         Clean at 25/1                                                    
                  --        Clean at 75/1                                 
Steam drum feed                                                           
         Higher Cu in the                                                 
100 ppb Cu                                                                
         blowdown                                                         
1000 psig 2-day                                                           
         &lt;3% Cu in                                                        
                  &lt;3% Cu in Minimal amounts                               
&#34;H&#34; Treatment                                                             
         Deposits, High                                                   
                  Deposits, High                                          
                            of Cu deposition                              
underdose                                                                 
         Cu Selectivity                                                   
                  Cu Selectivity                                          
                            High Cu Selec-                                
100 ppb Cu                  tivity                                        
1000 psig Hi-Alk.                                                         
         Clean at 25/1                                                    
                  Clean at 50/1                                           
                            Clean (assumed)                               
100 ppb Cu                                                                
1000 psig Hi-Alk.                                                         
         Clean at 25/1                                                    
                  Clean at 50/1                                           
                            Clean (assumed)                               
100 ppb Cu                                                                
100 psig, Dosage                                                          
         Clean at 12.5/1                                                  
                  Cu Deposition                                           
                            Cu Deposition                                 
reduction, 1/2,             at 25/1                                       
100 ppb Cu                                                                
1800 psig,                                                                
         Clean at 50/1                                                    
                  Cu Deposition                                           
                            --                                            
&#34;0&#34; hardness                                                              
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 *Dosage in ppm active per ppm Cu                                         
 
    
     
                       TABLE 2                                                     
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Comparison of Complexing Ability                                          
         Rubeanic Acid                                                    
                   Polymer Resin                                          
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Molecular Weight                                                          
           120         308 (Na Salt per Mer Unit)                         
Dosage at 1000#                                                           
           25/1 (12.5/1)                                                  
                       50/1 ppm active/ppm Cu                             
Mol Ratio, 13/1 (6.5/1)                                                   
                       10/1 (5/1 for 2:1 complex)                         
Treatment/Cu                                                              
SO.sub.2 in the Steam                                                     
           0.53 ppm    0.21 ppm assuming 100%                             
                       Decomposed Treating 20 ppb                         
                       Cu in the Feedwater                                
NH.sub.3 in Steam                                                         
           0.14 ppm    0.11 ppm assuming 100%                             
                       Decomposed Treating 20 ppb                         
                       Cu in the Feedwater                                
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