Patent Publication Number: US-2023138868-A1

Title: Electronic device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0146783, filed on Oct. 29, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an electronic device with increased sensing sensitivity and image quality. 
     DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART 
     An electronic device may sense an external input applied thereto from outside of the electronic device. The external input may be a user input. The user input may include various forms of external inputs such as, for example, a part of a user&#39;s body, light, heat, or pressure. The electronic device may obtain coordinates of a pen providing the external input using an electromagnetic resonance (EMR) scheme or an active electrostatic (AES) scheme. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides an electronic device with improved sensing sensitivity and image quality. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electronic device including a display panel, an input sensor disposed on the display panel and including a plurality of first sensing electrodes extending in a first direction and a plurality of second sensing electrodes extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and a sensor controller connected to the input sensor. A first area and a second area are defined in the input sensor based on an input position to which an input generated by an input device is applied. The input position is located in the first area and is not located in the second area. The sensor controller applies a first signal to at least one first sensing electrode disposed in the first area among the first sensing electrodes and to at least one second sensing electrode disposed in the first area among the second sensing electrodes, and applies a second signal having an opposite phase to a phase of the first signal to first sensing electrodes disposed in the second area among the first sensing electrodes and second sensing electrodes disposed in the second area among the second sensing electrodes. 
     In an embodiment, the input sensor further includes a first sensor part including the at least one first sensing electrode disposed in the first area among the first sensing electrodes and a second sensor part including the at least one second sensing electrode disposed in the first area among the second sensing electrodes, and the first sensor part crosses the second sensor part with respect to the input position. 
     In an embodiment, the input sensor further includes a plurality of compensation parts including the other first and second sensing electrodes disposed in the second area, and the compensation parts are spaced apart from each other with at least one of the first sensor part and the second sensor part interposed therebetween. 
     In an embodiment, the first area has substantially a same size as a size of the second area. 
     In an embodiment, the input sensor operates in a first mode in which the input generated by the input device is sensed and in a second mode in which an input generated by a user&#39;s touch is sensed. 
     In an embodiment, the sensor controller senses an approach of the input device in the second mode by applying an uplink signal to the first sensing electrodes and the second sensing electrodes, and operates in the first mode when the approach of the input device is sensed via the first sensing electrodes and the second sensing electrodes. 
     In an embodiment, the sensor controller senses the approach of the input devices by receiving a downlink signal from the input device via the first sensing electrodes and the second sensing electrodes. 
     In an embodiment, the sensor controller alternately applies a first uplink signal and a second uplink signal, which have opposite phases to each other, to the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode in the second mode. 
     In an embodiment, the sensor controller detects a first input position at which the input is sensed in the input sensor and defines the first area and the second area based on the detected first input position when the input generated by the input device is sensed via the at least one first sensing electrode and the at least one second sensing electrode in the first mode. 
     In an embodiment, when the input position to which the input generated by the input device is applied moves from the first input position to a second input position different from the first input position, the sensor controller again defines the first area and the second area in the input sensor based on the second input position. 
     In an embodiment, the input sensor includes an active area including the first area and the second area, and the sensor controller determines a width in the second direction of the first sensor part to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a width in the second direction of the active area in the first mode and determines a width in the first direction of the second sensor part to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a width in the first direction of the active area. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electronic device including a display panel, and an input sensor disposed on the display panel. The input sensor operates in a first mode in which an input generated by an input device is sensed and a second mode in which an input generated by a user&#39;s touch is sensed. The input sensor includes a first area in which an input position is located and a second area in which the input position is not located. The first and second areas are defined based on the input position to which the input generated by the input device is applied. The electronic device further includes a sensor controller connected to the input sensor. The input sensor further includes a first sensor part extending in a first direction in the first area, a second sensor part extending in a second direction crossing the first direction in the first area, and a compensation part disposed in the second area. The sensor controller applies a first signal to the first sensor part and the second sensor part and applies a second signal having a phase opposite to a phase of the first signal to the compensation part in the first mode. 
     According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a flicker phenomenon caused when a data signal collides or interferes with the uplink signal may be removed or reduced, and as a result, image quality may be increased. 
     According embodiments of the present disclosure, signals having opposite phases to each other are respectively provided to the area where the input by the input device is applied and to the area where the input by the input device is not applied in the input sensor, and thus, the flicker phenomenon may be removed or reduced. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features of the present disclosure will become readily apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIGS.  1  and  2    are perspective views of an electronic device and an input device according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an electronic device and an input device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  are cross-sectional views of an electronic device according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    is a block diagram of a display panel and a display controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are conceptual views of operations in first and second modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    is a block diagram of an input sensor and a sensor controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are views of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  10    is a view of an input sensor operated in a second mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  are plan views of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  12    is a plan view of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    is a plan view of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIGS.  14  and  15    are plan views of an input sensor operated in a second mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout the accompanying drawings. 
     It will be understood that when a component such as a film, a region, a layer, or an element, is referred to as being “on”, “connected to”, “coupled to”, or “adjacent to” another component, it can be directly on, connected, coupled, or adjacent to the other component, or intervening components may be present. It will also be understood that when a component is referred to as being “between” two components, it can be the only component between the two components, or one or more intervening components may also be present. It will also be understood that when a component is referred to as “covering” another component, it can be the only component covering the other component, or one or more intervening components may also be covering the other component. Other words used to describe the relationships between components should be interpreted in a like fashion. 
     As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. 
     As used herein, the singular forms, “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “under”, “above”, “upper”, etc., may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” or “under” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example terms “below” and “under” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. 
     It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Herein, when two or more elements or values are described as being substantially the same as or about equal to each other, it is to be understood that the elements or values are identical to each other, the elements or values are equal to each other within a measurement error, or if measurably unequal, are close enough in value to be functionally equal to each other as would be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. For example, the term “about” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (e.g., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations as understood by one of the ordinary skill in the art. Further, it is to be understood that while parameters may be described herein as having “about” a certain value, according to exemplary embodiments, the parameter may be exactly the certain value or approximately the certain value within a measurement error as would be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. Other uses of these terms and similar terms to describe the relationships between components should be interpreted in a like fashion. 
     It will be further understood that when two components or directions are described as extending substantially parallel or perpendicular to each other, the two components or directions extend exactly parallel or perpendicular to each other, or extend approximately parallel or perpendicular to each other within a measurement error as would be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view of an electronic device  1000  and an input device  2000  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the electronic device  1000  may be a device that is activated in response to electrical signals. For example, the electronic device  1000  may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a car navigation unit, a game unit, or a wearable device. However, the electronic device  1000  is not limited thereto. In  FIG.  1   , the mobile phone is shown as a representative example of the electronic device  1000 . 
     The electronic device  1000  may include an active area  1000 A and a peripheral area  1000 NA, which are defined therein. The electronic device  1000  may display an image through the active area  1000 A. The active area  1000 A may include a plane defined by a first direction DR 1  and a second direction DR 2 . The peripheral area  1000 NA may surround the active area  1000 A. 
     A thickness direction of the electronic device  1000  may be substantially parallel to a third direction DR 3  crossing the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . That is, the thickness direction of the electronic device  1000  may correspond to the third direction DR 3  crossing the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . Thus, the third direction DR 3  may also be referred to herein as the thickness direction of the electronic device  1000 . Accordingly, front (or upper) and rear (or lower) surfaces of each member of the electronic device  1000  may be defined with respect to the third direction DR 3 . 
     The electronic device  1000  may sense an external input applied thereto from outside of the electronic device  1000 . The external input may include a variety of forms of external inputs, such as, for example, a part of the user&#39;s body, light, heat, pen, or pressure. The external inputs may be referred to as a second input. 
     The electronic device  1000  shown in  FIG.  1    may sense an input generated by a user&#39;s touch or an input generated by an input device. The input device  2000  may mean a device other than the part of the user&#39;s body. The input generated by the input device  2000  may be referred to as a first input. For example, the input device  2000  may be an active pen, a stylus pen, a touch pen, an electronic pen, etc. Hereinafter, the active pen will be described as a representative example of the input device  2000 . 
     The electronic device  1000  and the input device  2000  may communicate bi-directionally with each other. The electronic device  1000  may apply an uplink signal to the input device  2000 . The uplink signal may include a synchronization signal or information about the electronic device  1000 . However, the uplink signal is not limited thereto. The input device  2000  may apply a downlink signal to the electronic device  1000 . The downlink signal may include a synchronization signal or a status information of the input device  2000 . For example, the downlink signal may include coordinate information of the input device  2000 , battery information of the input device  2000 , slope information of the input device  2000 , and/or various information stored in the input device  2000 . However, the downlink signal is not limited thereto. The uplink signal and the downlink signal will be described in detail below. 
       FIG.  2    is a perspective view of an electronic device  1000 - 1  and an input device  2000  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In  FIG.  2   , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in  FIG.  1   , and thus, detailed descriptions of the same elements will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the electronic device  1000 - 1  may include an active area  1000 A- 1  and a peripheral area  1000 NA- 1 , which are defined therein. The peripheral area  1000 NA- 1  may surround the active area  1000 A- 1 . The electronic device  1000 - 1  may display an image through an active area  1000 A- 1 .  FIG.  2    shows the electronic device  1000 - 1  folded at a predetermined angle. When the electronic device  1000 - 1  is in an unfolded state, the active area  1000 A- 1  may include a plane defined by the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . 
     The active area  1000 A- 1  may include the first active area  1000 A 1 , a second active area  1000 A 2 , and a third active area  1000 A 3 . The first active area  1000 A 1 , the second active area  1000 A 2 , and the third active area  1000 A 3  may be sequentially arranged in the first direction DR 1 . The second active area  1000 A 2  may be folded with respect to a folding axis  1000 FX extending in the second direction DR 2 . Accordingly, the first active area  1000 A 1  and the third active area  1000 A 3  may be referred to as non-folding areas, and the second active area  1000 A 2  may be referred to as a folding area. 
     When the electronic device  1000 - 1  is folded, the first active area  1000 A 1  and the third active area  1000 A 3  may face each other. Accordingly, in an embodiment, the active area  1000 A- 1  is not exposed to the outside in a state where the electronic device  1000 - 1  is completely folded. This may be referred to as an in-folding state. However, this is merely an example, and the folding operation of the electronic device  1000 - 1  is not limited thereto. 
     As an example, according to an embodiment, the electronic device  1000 - 1  may be folded to allow the first active area  1000 A 1  and the third active area  1000 A 3  to face directions opposite to each other. In this case, the active area  1000 A- 1  may be exposed to the outside. This may be referred to as an out-folding state. 
     The electronic device  1000 - 1  may be operated in only one of the in-folding operation or the out-folding operation. According to an embodiment, the electronic device  1000 - 1  may be operated in both the in-folding operation and the out-folding operation. In this case, the second active area  1000 A 2  of the electronic device  1000 - 1  may be inwardly folded (in-folding) and outwardly folded (out-folding). 
       FIG.  2    shows one folding area and two non-folding areas as a representative example. However, the number of folding areas and the number of non-folding areas is not limited thereto. As an example, the electronic device  1000 - 1  may include three or more non-folding areas and a plurality of folding areas disposed between the non-folding areas adjacent to each other. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , the folding axis  1000 FX extends in the second direction DR 2 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in an embodiment, the folding axis  1000 FX may extend in a direction substantially parallel to the first direction DR 1 . In this case, the first active area  1000 A 1 , the second active area  1000 A 2 , and the third active area  1000 A 3  may be sequentially arranged in the second direction DR 2 . 
     The active area  1000 A- 1  may overlap at least one electronic module. For example, the electronic modules may include a camera module and a proximity illumination sensor. The electronic modules may receive an external input applied thereto through the active area  1000 A- 1  or may provide an output through the active area  1000 A- 1 . A portion of the active area  1000 A- 1  overlapping the camera module and the proximity illumination sensor may have a transmittance higher than that of the other portion of the active area  1000 A- 1 . Accordingly, in an embodiment, an area to dispose the electronic modules in a peripheral area NAA 2  around the active area  1000 A- 1  is not provided. As a result, a ratio of the active area  1000 A- 1  to a front surface of the electronic device  1000 - 1  may increase. 
     The electronic device  1000 - 1  and the input device  2000  may bi-directionally communicate with each other. The electronic device  1000 - 1  may apply an uplink signal to the input device  2000 . The input device  2000  may apply a downlink signal to the electronic device  1000 - 1 . The electronic device  1000 - 1  may sense a position and coordinates of the input device  2000  using the signal provided from the input device  2000 . 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of the electronic device  1000  and the input device  2000  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the electronic device  1000  may include a display panel  100 , an input sensor  200 , a display controller  100 C, a sensor controller  200 C, and a main controller  1000 C. 
     The display panel  100  may generate the image. The display panel  100  may be a light emitting type display panel. For example, the display panel  100  may be an organic light emitting display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro-LED display panel, or a nano-LED display panel. However, the display panel  100  is not limited thereto. 
     The input sensor  200  may be disposed on the display panel  100 . The input sensor  200  may sense an input applied thereto from outside of the electronic device  1000 . The input sensor  200  may sense the first input generated by the input device  2000  and the second input generated by a user&#39;s body  3000 . 
     The main controller  1000 C may control an overall operation of the electronic device  1000 . For example, the main controller  1000 C may control an operation of the display controller  100 C and the sensor controller  200 C. The main controller  1000 C may include at least one microprocessor. The main controller  1000 C may also be referred to as a host. 
     The display controller  100 C may control a drive of the display panel  100 . The main controller  1000 C may further include a graphics controller. The display controller  100 C may receive image data RGB and a control signal D-CS from the main controller  1000 C. The control signal D-CS may include a variety of signals. For example, the control signal D-CS may include an input vertical synchronization signal, an input horizontal synchronization signal, a main clock, and a data enable signal. The display controller  100 C may generate a vertical synchronization signal and a horizontal synchronization signal based on the control signal D-CS to control a timing at which signals are applied to the display panel  100 . 
     The sensor controller  200 C may control the input sensor  200 . The sensor controller  200 C may receive a control signal I-CS from the main controller  1000 C. The control signal I-CS may include a mode determination signal to determine a driving mode of the sensor controller  200 C and a clock signal. The sensor controller  200 C may be operated in the first mode to sense the first input by the input device  2000  or in the second mode to sense the second input by the user&#39;s body  3000  based on the control signal I-CS. That is, the sensor controller  200 C may control the input sensor  200  in the first mode or the second mode based on the mode determination signal. 
     The sensor controller  200 C may calculate coordinate information of an input position of the first input or the second input based on the signal from the input sensor  200 , and may apply a coordinate signal I-SS having the coordinate information to the main controller  1000 C. The main controller  1000 C may perform an operation corresponding to the user&#39;s input based on the coordinate signal I-SS. For example, the main controller  1000 C may drive the display controller  100 C based on the coordinate signal I-SS such that the display panel  100  displays a new application image. 
     The input device  2000  may include a housing  2100 , a power supply  2200 , a controller  2300 , a communication module  2400 , and a pen electrode  2500 . However, elements of the input device  2000  are not limited thereto. For example, the input device  2000  may further include an electrode switch to switch a signal transmission mode or a signal reception mode, a pressure sensor to sense a pressure, a memory to store information, or a gyro sensor to sense a rotation. 
     The housing  2100  may have a pen shape and may include an accommodating space defined therein. The power supply  2200 , the controller  2300 , the communication module  2400 , and the pen electrode  2500  may be accommodated in the accommodating space defined in the housing  2100 . 
     The power supply  2200  may supply power to modules in the input device  2000 , e.g., the controller  2300 , the communication module  2400 , etc. The power supply  2200  may include a battery or a high capacity capacitor. 
     The controller  2300  may control an operation of the input device  2000 . The controller  2300  may be, but is not limited to, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The controller  2300  may be configured to operate according to a designed program. 
     The communication module  2400  may include a transmitter circuit  2410  and a receiver circuit  2420 . The transmitter circuit  2410  may output a downlink signal DLS to the input sensor  200 . The receiver circuit  2420  may receive an uplink signal ULS from the input sensor  200 . The transmitter circuit  2410  may receive a signal from the controller  2300  and may modulate the signal into a signal that is able to be sensed by the input sensor  200 , and the receiver circuit  2420  may modulate a signal from the input sensor  200  into a signal that is able to be processed by the controller  2300 . 
     The pen electrode  2500  may be electrically connected to the communication module  2400 . A portion of the pen electrode  2500  may be protruded from the housing  2100 . In addition, the input device  2000  may further include a cover housing that covers the pen electrode  2500  exposed without being covered by the housing  2100 . Alternatively, the pen electrode  2500  may be built into the housing  2100 . 
       FIG.  4 A  is a cross-sectional view of the electronic device  1000  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4 A , the electronic device  1000  may include the display panel  100  and the input sensor  200 . The display panel  100  may include a base layer  110 , a circuit layer  120 , a light emitting element layer  130 , and an encapsulation layer  140 . 
     The base layer  110  may provide a base surface on which the circuit layer  120  is disposed. The base layer  110  may be, for example, a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or a polymer substrate. However, the base layer  110  is not limited thereto. For example, according to an embodiment, the base layer  110  may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. 
     The base layer  110  may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the base layer  110  may include a first synthetic resin layer, a silicon oxide (SiOx) layer disposed on the first synthetic resin layer, an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer disposed on the silicon oxide layer, and a second synthetic resin layer disposed on the amorphous silicon layer. The silicon oxide layer and the amorphous silicon layer may be referred to as a base barrier layer. 
     Each of the first and second synthetic resin layers may include a polyimide-based resin. In addition, each of the first and second synthetic resin layers may include at least one of, for example, an acrylic-based resin, a methacrylic-based resin, a polyisoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, a siloxane-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, and a perylene-based resin. In the present disclosure, the term “X-based resin”, as used herein, refers to a resin that includes a functional group of X. 
     The circuit layer  120  may be disposed on the base layer  110 . The circuit layer  120  may include, for example, an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern, and a signal line. An insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a conductive layer may be formed on the base layer  110  by a coating or depositing process. Then, the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be selectively patterned through several photolithography processes. The semiconductor pattern, the conductive pattern, and the signal line included in the circuit layer  120  may be formed. 
     The light emitting element layer  130  may be disposed on the circuit layer  120 . The light emitting element layer  130  may include a light emitting element. For example, the light emitting element layer  130  may include an organic light emitting material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, a micro-LED, or a nano-LED. 
     The encapsulation layer  140  may be disposed on the light emitting element layer  130 . The encapsulation layer  140  may protect the light emitting element layer  130  from, for example, moisture, oxygen, and a foreign substance such as dust particles. 
     The input sensor  200  may be formed on the display panel  100  through successive processes. In this case, the input sensor  200  may be disposed directly on the display panel  100 . In the following description, the expression that the input sensor  200  is disposed directly on the display panel  100  means that no intervening elements are present between the input sensor  200  and the display panel  100 . That is, according to an embodiment, when the input sensor  200  is described as being disposed directly on the display panel  100 , a separate adhesive member is not disposed between the input sensor  200  and the display panel  100 , and the input sensor  200  and the display panel  100  directly contact each other. Alternatively, according to an embodiment, the input sensor  200  may be coupled with the display panel  100  by an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may be a conventional adhesive. 
       FIG.  4 B  is a cross-sectional view of the electronic device  1000 - 1  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4 B , the electronic device  1000 - 1  may include a display panel  100 - 1  and an input sensor  200 - 1 . The display panel  100 - 1  may include a base substrate  110 - 1 , a circuit layer  120 - 1 , a light emitting element layer  130 - 1 , an encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 , and a coupling member  150 - 1 . 
     Each of the base substrate  110 - 1  and the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1  may be, for example, a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or a polymer substrate. However, each of the base substrate  110 - 1  and the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1  is not limited thereto. 
     The coupling member  150 - 1  may be disposed between the base substrate  110 - 1  and the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 . The encapsulation substrate  140 - 1  may be coupled with the base substrate  110 - 1  or the circuit layer  120 - 1  by the coupling member  150 - 1 . The coupling member  150 - 1  may include an inorganic material or an organic material. For example, the inorganic material may include a frit seal, and the organic material may include a photocurable resin or a photoplastic resin. However, the material for the coupling member  150 - 1  is not limited thereto. 
     The input sensor  200 - 1  may be disposed directly on the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 . In the following descriptions, the expression that the input sensor  200 - 1  is disposed directly on the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1  means that no intervening elements are present between the input sensor  200 - 1  and the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 . That is, according to an embodiment, when the input sensor  200 - 1  is described as being disposed directly on the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 , a separate adhesive member is not disposed between the input sensor  200 - 1  and the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, according to an embodiment, an adhesive layer may be further disposed between the input sensor  200 - 1  and the encapsulation substrate  140 - 1 . 
       FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view of the electronic device  1000  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In  FIG.  5   , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in  FIG.  4 A , and thus, detailed descriptions of the same elements will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , at least one inorganic layer may be formed on an upper surface of the base layer  110 . The inorganic layer may include at least one of, for example, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, zirconium oxide, and hafnium oxide. The inorganic layer may be formed in multiple layers. The inorganic layers formed in multiple layers may form a barrier layer and/or a buffer layer. In an embodiment, the display panel DP may further include a buffer layer BFL. 
     The buffer layer BFL may increase an adhesion between the base layer  110  and the semiconductor pattern. The buffer layer BFL may include, for example, a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer, which may be alternately stacked with each other. 
     The semiconductor pattern may be disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The semiconductor pattern may include polysilicon. However, the semiconductor pattern is not limited thereto. The semiconductor pattern may include, for example, amorphous silicon, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, or oxide semiconductor. 
       FIG.  5    shows only a portion of the semiconductor pattern. It is to be understood that the semiconductor pattern may be further disposed in other areas. The semiconductor pattern may be arranged with a specific rule over the pixels. The semiconductor pattern may have different electrical properties depending on whether it is doped at all, or whether it is doped with an N-type dopant or a P-type dopant. The semiconductor pattern may include a first region with high conductivity and a second region with low conductivity. 
     The first region may be doped with the N-type dopant or the P-type dopant. A P-type transistor may include a doped region doped with the P-type dopant, and an N-type transistor may include a doped region doped with the N-type dopant. The second region may be a non-doped region or may be doped at a concentration lower than the first region. 
     The first region may have a conductivity greater than that of the second region and may substantially serve as an electrode or signal line. The second region may substantially correspond to an active (or a channel) of a transistor. In other words, a portion of the semiconductor pattern may be the active of the transistor, another portion of the semiconductor pattern may be a source or a drain of the transistor, and the other portion of the semiconductor pattern may be a connection electrode or a connection signal line. 
     Each of the pixels may have an equivalent circuit that includes seven transistors, one capacitor, and the light emitting element, and the equivalent circuit of the pixels may be changed in various ways.  FIG.  5    shows one transistor  100 PC and the light emitting element  100 PE included in the pixel. 
     The transistor  100 PC may include a source SC 1 , an active A 1 , a drain D 1 , and a gate G 1 . The source SC 1 , the active A 1 , and the drain D 1  may be formed from the semiconductor pattern. The source SC 1  and the drain D 1  may extend in opposite directions to each other from the active A 1  in a cross-section.  FIG.  5    shows a portion of the connection signal line SCL formed from the semiconductor pattern. In an embodiment, the connection signal line SCL may be electrically connected to the drain D 1  of the transistor  100 PC in a plane. 
     A first insulating layer  10  may be disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The first insulating layer  10  may commonly overlap the pixels and may cover the semiconductor pattern. The first insulating layer  10  may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. The first insulating layer  10  may include at least one of, for example, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, zirconium oxide, and hafnium oxide. In an embodiment, the first insulating layer  10  may have a single-layer structure of a silicon oxide layer. Not only the first insulating layer  10 , but also an insulating layer of the circuit layer  120  described below may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. The inorganic layer may include at least one of the above-mentioned materials. However, the inorganic layer is not limited thereto. 
     The gate G 1  of the transistor  100 PC may be disposed on the first insulating layer  10 . The gate G 1  may be a portion of a metal pattern. The gate G 1  may overlap the active A 1 . The gate G 1  may be used as a mask in a process of doping the semiconductor pattern. 
     A second insulating layer  20  may be disposed on the first insulating layer  10  and may cover the gate G 1 . The second insulating layer  20  may commonly overlap the pixels. The second insulating layer  20  may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer and may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. The second insulating layer  20  may include at least one of, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride. In an embodiment, the second insulating layer  20  may have a multi-layer structure of a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. 
     A third insulating layer  30  may be disposed on the second insulating layer  20 . The third insulating layer  30  may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. As an example, the third insulating layer  30  may have the multi-layer structure of a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. 
     A first connection electrode CNE 1  may be disposed on the third insulating layer  30 . The first connection electrode CNE 1  may be connected to the connection signal line SCL via a contact hole CNT- 1  defined through the first, second, and third insulating layers  10 ,  20 , and  30 . 
     A fourth insulating layer  40  may be disposed on the third insulating layer  30 . The fourth insulating layer  40  may have a single-layer structure of a silicon oxide layer. A fifth insulating layer  50  may be disposed on the fourth insulating layer  40 . The fifth insulating layer  50  may be an organic layer. 
     A second connection electrode CNE 2  may be disposed on the fifth insulating layer  50 . The second connection electrode CNE 2  may be connected to the first connection electrode CNE 1  via a contact hole CNT- 2  defined through the fourth insulating layer  40  and the fifth insulating layer  50 . 
     A sixth insulating layer  60  may be disposed on the fifth insulating layer  50  and may cover the second connection electrode CNE 2 . The sixth insulating layer  60  may be an organic layer. 
     The light emitting element layer  130  may be disposed on the circuit layer  120 . The light emitting element layer  130  may include the light emitting element  100 PE. For example, the light emitting element layer  130  may include an organic light emitting material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, a micro-LED, or a nano-LED. Hereinafter, the organic light emitting element will be described as the light emitting element  100 PE. However, the organic light emitting element is not limited thereto. 
     The light emitting element  100 PE may include a first electrode AE, a light emitting layer EL, and a second electrode CE. The first electrode AE may be disposed on the sixth insulating layer  60 . The first electrode AE may be connected to the second connection electrode CNE 2  via a contact hole CNT- 3  defined through the sixth insulating layer  60 . 
     A pixel definition layer  70  may be disposed on the sixth insulating layer  60  and may cover a portion of the first electrode AE. An opening  70 -OP may be defined through the pixel definition layer  70 . At least a portion of the first electrode AE may be exposed through the opening  70 -OP of the pixel definition layer  70 . 
     The active area  1000 A (refer to  FIG.  1   ) may include a light emitting area PXA and a non-light-emitting area NPXA adjacent to the light emitting area PXA. The non-light-emitting area NPXA may surround the light emitting area PXA. In an embodiment, the light emitting area PXA may correspond to the portion of the first electrode AE exposed through the opening  70 -OP. 
     The light emitting layer EL may be disposed on the first electrode AE. The light emitting layer EL may be disposed in an area corresponding to the opening  70 -OP. That is, the light emitting layer EL may be formed in each of the pixels after being divided into plural portions. In the case where the light emitting layer EL is formed in each of the pixels after being divided into plural portions, each of the light emitting layers EL may emit a light having at least one of blue, red, and green colors. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The light emitting layer EL may be commonly provided in the pixels. In this case, the light emitting layer EL may provide a blue light or a white light. 
     The second electrode CE may be disposed on the light emitting layer EL. The second electrode CE may have an integral shape and may be commonly disposed over the pixels. 
     According to embodiments, a hole control layer may be disposed between the first electrode AE and the light emitting layer EL. The hole control layer may be commonly disposed in the light emitting area PXA and the non-light-emitting area NPXA. The hole control layer may include a hole transport layer and may further include a hole injection layer. An electron control layer may be disposed between the light emitting layer EL and the second electrode CE. The electron control layer may include an electron transport layer and may further include an electron injection layer. The hole control layer and the electron control layer may be commonly formed in the plurality of pixels using an open mask. 
     The encapsulation layer  140  may be disposed on the light emitting element layer  130 . The encapsulation layer  140  may include, for example, an inorganic layer, an organic layer, and an inorganic layer, which are sequentially stacked. However, layers of the encapsulation layer  140  are not limited thereto. 
     The inorganic layers may protect the light emitting element layer  130  from, for example, moisture and oxygen, and the organic layer may protect the light emitting element layer  130  from a foreign substance such as, for example, dust particles. Each of the inorganic layers may include, for example, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer. The organic layer may include an acrylic-based organic layer. However, the organic layer is not limited thereto. 
     The input sensor  200  may be formed on the display panel  100  through successive processes. That is, the input sensor  200  may be disposed directly on the display panel  100 . In the present disclosure, the expression “the input sensor  200  is disposed directly on the display panel  100 ” means that no intervening elements are present between the input sensor  200  and the display panel  100 . That is, according to an embodiment, when the input sensor  200  is described as being disposed directly on the display panel  100 , a separate adhesive member is not disposed between the input sensor  200  and the display panel  100 , and the input sensor  200  and the display panel  100  directly contact each other. Alternatively, according to an embodiment, the input sensor  200  may be coupled with the display panel  100  by the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may be a conventional adhesive. 
     The input sensor  200  may include a base insulating layer  201 , a first conductive layer  202 , a sensing insulating layer  203 , a second conductive layer  204 , and a cover insulating layer  205 . 
     The base insulating layer  201  may be an inorganic layer that includes at least one of, for example, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and silicon oxide. Alternatively, the base insulating layer  201  may be an organic layer that includes, for example, an epoxy-based resin, an acrylic-based resin, or an imide-based resin. The base insulating layer  201  may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure of layers stacked on one another in the third direction DR 3 . 
     Each of the first conductive layer  202  and the second conductive layer  204  may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure of layers stacked in the third direction DR 3 . 
     The conductive layer having the single-layer structure may include a metal layer or a transparent conductive layer. The metal layer may include, for example, molybdenum, silver, titanium, copper, aluminum, or alloys thereof. The transparent conductive layer may include a transparent conductive oxide, such as, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), etc. In addition, the transparent conductive layer may include a conductive polymer such as, for example, PEDOT, a metal nanowire, a graphene, etc. 
     The conductive layer having the multi-layer structure may include metal layers. The metal layers may have, for example, a three-layer structure of titanium/aluminum/titanium. The conductive layer having the multi-layer structure may include at least one metal layer and at least one transparent conductive layer. 
     At least one of the sensing insulating layer  203  and the cover insulating layer  205  may include an inorganic layer. The inorganic layer may include at least one of, for example, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, zirconium oxide, and hafnium oxide. 
     At least one of the sensing insulating layer  203  and the cover insulating layer  205  may include an organic layer. The organic layer may include at least one of, for example, an acrylic-based resin, a methacrylic-based resin, a polyisoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, a siloxane-based resin, a polyimide-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, and a perylene-based resin. 
     A parasitic capacitance Cb may be formed between the input sensor  200  and the second electrode CE. When a distance between the input sensor  200  and the second electrode CE decreases, the parasitic capacitance Cb may increase. As the parasitic capacitance Cb increases, a ratio of a variation in the capacitance to a reference value may decrease. The variation in the capacitance may mean a difference in capacitance between a capacitance before an input by the input device, e.g., the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ) or the user&#39;s body  3000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ), and a capacitance after the input by the input device, e.g., the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ) or the user&#39;s body  3000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ). 
     The sensor controller  200 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ) that processes the signal sensed by the input sensor  200  may perform a leveling operation to remove a value corresponding to the parasitic capacitance Cb from the sensed signal. The ratio of the variation in the capacitance to the reference value may increase by the leveling operation, and thus, a sensing sensitivity may be increased. 
       FIG.  6    is a block diagram of the display panel  100  and the display controller  100 C according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , the display panel  100  may include a plurality of scan lines SL 1  to SLn, a plurality of data lines DL 1  to DLm, and a plurality of pixels PX, where each of n and m is a positive integer. Each of the pixels PX may be connected to a corresponding data line of the data lines DL 1  to DLm and a corresponding scan line of the scan lines SL 1  to SLn. According to an embodiment, the display panel  100  may further include light emission control lines, and the display controller  100 C may further include a light emission driving circuit applying control signals to the light emission control lines. 
     The display controller  100 C may include a signal control circuit  100 C 1 , a scan driving circuit  100 C 2 , and a data driving circuit  100 C 3 . 
     The signal control circuit  100 C 1  may receive the image data RGB and the control signal D-CS from the main controller  1000 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ). The control signal D-CS may include a variety of signals. As an example, the control signal D-CS may include the input vertical synchronization signal, the input horizontal synchronization signal, the main clock, and the data enable signal. 
     The signal control circuit  100 C 1  may generate a first control signal CONT 1  and the vertical synchronization signal Vsync based on the control signal D-CS and may output the first control signal CONT 1  and the vertical synchronization signal Vsync to the scan driving circuit  100 C 2 . The vertical synchronization signal Vsync may be included in the first control signal CONT 1 . 
     The signal control circuit  100 C 1  may generate a second control signal CONT 2  and the horizontal synchronization signal Hsync based on the control signal D-CS and may output the second control signal CONT 2  and the horizontal synchronization signal Hsync to the data driving circuit  100 C 3 . The horizontal synchronization signal Hsync may be included in the second control signal CONT 2 . 
     In addition, the signal control circuit  100 C 1  may output a data signal DS obtained by processing the image data RGB according to an operational condition of the display panel  100  to the data driving circuit  100 C 3 . The first control signal CONT 1  and the second control signal CONT 2  may be signals utilized for an operation of the scan driving circuit  100 C 2  and the data driving circuit  100 C 3 , and are not particularly limited. 
     The scan driving circuit  100 C 2  may drive the scan lines SL 1  to SLn in response to the first control signal CONT 1  and the vertical synchronization signal Vsync. According to an embodiment, the scan driving circuit  100 C 2  may be formed through the same process as the circuit layer  120  (refer to  FIG.  5   ) of the display panel  100 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. As an example, the scan driving circuit  100 C 2  may be directly mounted on a predetermined area of the display panel  100  after being implemented in an integrated circuit (IC) or may be electrically connected to the display panel  100  after being mounted on a separate printed circuit board in a chip-on-film (COF). 
     The data driving circuit  100 C 3  may output grayscale voltages to drive the data lines DL 1  to DLm in response to the second control signal CONT 2 , the horizontal synchronization signal Hsync, and the data signal DS from the signal control circuit  100 C 1 . The data driving circuit  100 C 3  may be directly mounted on a predetermined area of the display panel  100  after being implemented in an integrated circuit (IC) or may be electrically connected to the display panel  100  after being mounted on a separate printed circuit board in a chip-on-film (COF). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the data driving circuit  100 C 3  may be formed through the same process as the circuit layer  120  (refer to  FIG.  5   ) of the display panel  100 . 
       FIGS.  7 A and  7 B  are conceptual views of operations in the first and second modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  7 A , the sensor controller  200 C may be operated in the first mode MD 1  in which the first input generated by the input device  2000  is sensed or the second mode MD 2  in which the second input generated by the user&#39;s body  3000  is sensed. 
     The first mode MD 1  may include a first period PU 1  and a second period PS 1 . The second period PS 1  may proceed after the first period PU 1 . During the first period PU 1 , the uplink signal ULS or an opposed-phase signal having a phase opposite to that of the uplink signal ULS may be transmitted to the input sensor  200 . The opposed-phase signal will be described in detail below. During the second period PS 1 , the downlink signal DLS provided from the input device  2000  may be received via the input sensor  200 . The input sensor  200  may sense the first input by the input device  2000  based on the downlink signal DLS. 
     The input device  2000  may apply the downlink signal DLS to the sensor controller  200 C during a downlink operation period DLM. 
     The sensor controller  200 C may be operated in the second mode MD 2  after the first mode MD 1  is finished. The first mode MD 1  and the second mode MD 2  may be alternately repeated. 
     The second mode MD 2  may include a first period PU 2  and a second period PS 2 . The second period PS 2  may proceed after the first period PU 2 . During the first period PU 2 , the uplink signal ULS or the opposed-phase signal may be transmitted to the input sensor  200 . The second period PS 2  may be a period during which the second input generated by the user&#39;s body  3000  is sensed. 
     The input device  2000  may apply a response signal with respect to the uplink signal ULS to the input sensor  200 . The sensor controller  200 C may be operated in the second period PS 1  of the first mode MD 1  when receiving the response signal sensed by the input sensor  200  in the first periods PU 1  and PU 2 . The sensor controller  200 C may be operated in the second period PS 2  of the second mode MD 2  when the sensor controller  200 C does not receive the response signal from the input device  2000  in the first period PU 2 . Accordingly, the input sensor  200  may periodically monitor whether the input device  2000  is sensed and may efficiently sense the first input generated by the input device  2000 . However, this is merely an example, and the operation of the sensor controller  200 C is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  7 B  shows an operation process of the input sensor  200  operated in the first mode MD 1  and the second mode MD 2 . The operation process described below may be repeated every frame FR. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 B , the sensor controller  200 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ) may apply the uplink signal ULS to first sensing electrodes  210  (refer to  FIG.  8   ) and second sensing electrodes  220  (refer to  FIG.  8   ) in the second mode MD 2  and the first mode MD 1 . 
     Responsive to the uplink signal ULS, the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  may sense an approach of the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ). In a case where the input sensor  200  receives a downlink signal ACK from the input device  2000  in response to the uplink signal ULS, the sensor controller  200 C may control the input sensor  200  to operate in the first mode MD 1 , and the input sensor  200  may be operated in an input device sensing period IDS in which the input by the input device  2000  is sensed. In a case where the input sensor  200  does not receive the downlink signal ACK, the input sensor  200  may be operated in a touch sensing period TS to sense the user&#39;s touch in the second mode MD 2 . 
     According to an embodiment, the input device sensing period IDS may include a position signal detection period PTS, a data signal detection period DTS, an input angle detection period TTS, and a touch signal detection period MTS. 
     The position signal detection period PTS may be provided in plural. The sensor controller  200 C may continuously detect an input position of the input device  2000  in the position signal detection period PTS. 
     Various information applied from the input device  2000  may be detected in the data signal detection period DTS. As an example, the sensor controller  200 C may detect a level of pressure applied to the first and second sensing electrodes of the input sensor by the input device  2000  in the data signal detection period DTS. The data signal detection period DTS may be provide in plural. 
     The input angle detection period TTS may be a period in which a tilt degree of the input device  2000  is detected when the input by input device  2000  is provided. 
     The touch signal detection period MTS may correspond to a period in which an unintended touch input is detected when the unintended touch input is applied in the first mode MD 1 . The detected touch input may be removed. 
       FIG.  8    is a block diagram of the input sensor  200  and the sensor controller  200 C according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , the input sensor  200  may include an active area  200 A and a peripheral area  200 N defined therein. The active area  200 A may be activated in response to electrical signals. As an example, the active area  200 A may be an area in which the input is sensed. The active area  200 A may correspond to the active area  1000 A (refer to  FIG.  1   ) of the electronic device  1000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ). The peripheral area  200 N may surround the active area  200 A. The peripheral area  200 N may correspond to the peripheral area  1000 NA (refer to  FIG.  1   ) of the electronic device  1000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ). 
     The input sensor  200  may include the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220 . The first sensing electrodes  210  may extend in the first direction DR 1 , and the first sensing electrodes  210  may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction DR 2 . The second sensing electrodes  220  may extend in the second direction DR 2 , and the second sensing electrodes  220  may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR 1 . 
     The second sensing electrodes  220  may be insulated from the first sensing electrodes  210  while crossing the first sensing electrodes  210 . Each of the first sensing electrodes  210  and each of the second sensing electrodes  220  may have a bar shape or a stripe shape. The first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  having the bar shape or the stripe shape may increase sensing characteristics with respect to continuous linear input. However, the shape of the first sensing electrodes  210  and the shape of the second sensing electrodes  220  is not limited thereto. 
     The sensor controller  200 C may receive the control signal I-CS from the main controller  1000 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ) and may apply the coordinate signal I-SS to the main controller  1000 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ). 
     The sensor controller  200 C may include a sensor control circuit  200 C 1 , a signal generation circuit  200 C 2 , an input detection circuit  200 C 3 , and a switching circuit  200 C 4 . The sensor control circuit  200 C 1 , the signal generation circuit  200 C 2 , and the input detection circuit  200 C 3  may be implemented in a single chip, or some of the sensor control circuit  200 C 1 , the signal generation circuit  200 C 2 , and the input detection circuit  200 C 3  may be implemented in a different chip. 
     The sensor control circuit  200 C 1  may control an operation of the signal generation circuit  200 C 2  and the switching circuit  200 C 4 . The sensor control circuit  200 C 1  may calculate coordinates of the external input from a driving signal provided from the input detection circuit  200 C 3  or may analyze information transmitted by the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ) from a modulated signal applied thereto from the input detection circuit  200 C 3 . The sensor control circuit  200 C 1  may divide the active area  200 A of the input sensor  200  into a plurality of areas. The plurality of areas may be defined based on an input position or coordinates to which the input by the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ) is provided. 
     The sensor control circuit  200 C 1  may provide the uplink signal ULS (refer to  FIG.  3   ) to some areas of the plurality of areas and may provide the opposed-phase signal having the phase opposite to that of the uplink signal ULS (refer to  FIG.  3   ) to the other areas of the plurality areas. In the present disclosure, the uplink signal ULS may be referred to as a first signal, and the opposed-phase signal may be referred to as a second signal. 
     The signal generation circuit  200 C 2  may apply an output signal (or a driving signal), e.g., a TX signal, to the input sensor  200 . The signal generation circuit  200 C 2  may output the output signal corresponding to an operational mode to input sensor  200 . 
     The input detection circuit  200 C 3  may convert an analog signal (e.g., an RX signal (or a sensing signal)) provided from the input sensor  200  to a digital signal. The input detection circuit  200 C 3  may amplify the received analog signal and may filter the amplified signal. The input detection circuit  200 C 3  may convert the filtered signal to the digital signal. 
     The switching circuit  200 C 4  may selectively control an electrical connection relationship between the input sensor  200  and the signal generation circuit  200 C 2  and/or the input detection circuit  200 C 3  in response to the control by the sensor control circuit  200 C 1 . Responsive to the control by the sensor control circuit  200 C 1 , the switching circuit  200 C 4  may connect one group of the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  to the signal generation circuit  200 C 2  or may connect each of the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  to the signal generation circuit  200 C 2 . According to an embodiment, the switching circuit  200 C 4  may connect one group of the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  or both the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  to the input detection circuit  200 C 3 . 
       FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are views of the input sensor operated in the first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8 ,  9 A, and  9 B , a portion of one first sensing electrode  210  and a portion of one second sensing electrode  220  may be defined as one sensing unit  200 U.  FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are enlarged views of one sensing unit  200 U. 
     The second sensing electrode  220  may include crossing patterns  221  and bridge patterns  222  electrically connected to the crossing patterns  221 . The crossing patterns  221  may be spaced apart from each other with the first sensing electrode  210  interposed therebetween. The bridge patterns  222  may overlap the first sensing electrode  210 , and the bridge patterns  222  may be insulated from the first sensing electrode  210  while crossing the first sensing electrode  210 . 
     The crossing patterns  221  and the first sensing electrode  210  may be disposed on the same layer as each other, and the bridge patterns  222  may be disposed on a layer different from a layer on which the crossing patterns  221  and the first sensing electrode  210  are disposed. As an example, the crossing patterns  221  and the first sensing electrode  210  may be included in the second conductive layer  204  (refer to  FIG.  5   ), and the bridge patterns  222  may be included in the first conductive layer  202  (refer to  FIG.  5   ). This structure may be referred to as a bottom bridge structure. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, according to an embodiment, the crossing patterns  221  and the first sensing electrode  210  may be include in the first conductive layer  202  (refer to  FIG.  5   ), and the bridge patterns  222  may be included in the second conductive layer  204  (refer to  FIG.  5   ). This structure may be referred to as a top bridge structure. 
     In addition, the input sensor  200  may further include a dummy pattern  250  disposed in an area in which the crossing patterns  221  and the first sensing electrode  210  are not disposed. The dummy pattern  250  may prevent the first sensing electrode  210  and the second sensing electrode  220  from being visible from outside of the electronic device  1000  (e.g., from being visible to the user), and the dummy pattern  250  may be electrically floated. 
     Each of the crossing patterns  221 , the first sensing electrode  210 , and the dummy pattern  250  may have a mesh structure. In this case, an opening may be defined through each of the crossing patterns  221 , the first sensing electrode  210 , and the dummy pattern  250 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, according to an embodiment, each of the crossing patterns  221 , the first sensing electrode  210 , and the dummy pattern  250  may be provided as a single transparent electrode. 
     The electronic device  1000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ) and the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ) may transmit and receive data to and from each other in the first mode MD 1  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ). The operation shown in  FIG.  9 A  may be an operation in which the uplink signal is provided to the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ) from the electronic device  1000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ). 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , the first sensing electrode  210  and the second sensing electrode  220  may be used as transmission electrodes to provide uplink signals S 1   a  and S 1   b  from the sensor controller  200 C to the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ), respectively. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. As an example, the first sensing electrode  210  or the second sensing electrode  220  may be used as the transmission electrode. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 B , the first sensing electrode  210  and the second sensing electrode  220  may be used as reception electrodes to transmit sensing signals S 2   a  and S 2   b  induced from the input device  2000  (refer to  FIG.  1   ) to the sensor controller  200 C, respectively. The sensor controller  200 C may receive a first sensing signal S 2   a  from the first sensing electrode  210  and may receive a second sensing signal S 2   b  from the second sensing electrode  220 . 
       FIG.  10    is a view of the input sensor operated in the second mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  and  10   , the sensor controller  200 C may sense the second input generated by the user&#39;s body  3000  (refer to  FIG.  3   ) in the second mode MD 2  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ). The sensor controller  200 C may sense a variation in mutual capacitance between the first sensing electrode  210  and the second sensing electrode  220  and may sense the external input in the second mode MD 2  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ). 
     The sensor controller  200 C may provide an output signal S 3  to the first sensing electrode  210 , and the sensor controller  200 C may receive a sensing signal S 4  from the second sensing electrode  220 . That is, the first sensing electrode  210  may serve as a transmission electrode in the second mode MD 2  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ), and the second sensing electrode  220  may serve as a reception electrode in the second mode MD 2  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. As an example, the first sensing electrode  210  may serve as the reception electrode, and the second sensing electrode  220  may serve as the transmission electrode. 
       FIGS.  11 A and  11 B  are plan views of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  12    is a plan view of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  13    is a plan view of an input sensor operated in a first mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The input sensor  200  may be operated to sense the input device  2000  in the first mode. 
       FIG.  11 A  is a view showing only a first sensor part of the input sensor in the first mode.  FIG.  11 B  is a view showing only a second sensor part of the input sensor in the first mode.  FIG.  12    is a view showing the input sensor in first mode.  FIG.  12    shows both the first sensor part of  FIG.  11 A  and the second sensor part of  FIG.  11 B . 
     The input sensor  200  may include a base insulating layer  201 , a plurality of first sensing electrodes  210 , a plurality of second sensing electrodes  220 , a plurality of lines  230 , and a plurality of pads  240 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  11 A,  11 B,  12  and  13   , the first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  may be disposed in an active area  200 A. The lines  230  and the pads  240  may be disposed in a peripheral area  200 N. 
     The first sensing electrodes  210  and the second sensing electrodes  220  may be electrically connected to corresponding lines among the lines  230 . 
       FIGS.  11 A,  11 B,  12  and  13    show a single routing structure in which one first sensing electrode  210  is connected to one line  230  and one second sensing electrode  220  is connected to one line  230  as a representative example. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. As an example, each of the second sensing electrodes  220  may be connected to two lines  230 . According to an embodiment, each of the first sensing electrodes  210  may be connected to two lines  230 , and each of the second sensing electrodes  220  may be connected to two lines  230 . 
     The pads  240  may be electrically connected to the lines  230 , respectively. The input sensor  200  may be electrically connected to the sensor controller  200 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ) via the pads  240 . However, this is merely an example. According to an embodiment, the pads  240  may be disposed in the display panel  100  (refer to  FIG.  3   ). In this case, the lines  230  may be electrically connected to the pads  240  via contact holes. 
     According to an embodiment, the sensor controller  200 C may generate a first signal PPS having an in-phase and a second signal APS having an opposed-phase of the first signal PPS. The first signal PPS may be referred to as the in-phase signal, and the second signal APS may be referred to as the opposed-phase signal. That is, the second signal APS may have a phase difference of about 180 degrees with respect to the first signal PPS. As an example, the first signal PPS may have a positive phase, and the second signal APS may have a negative phase. An intensity of the second signal APS may be about the same as an intensity of the first signal PPS. In this case, the first signal PPS may be the uplink signals S 1   a  and S 1   b  of  FIG.  9 A . 
       FIG.  11 A  independently shows the first sensor part  214  disposed in a first area AA 1  of  FIG.  12   , and  FIG.  11 B  independently shows the second sensor part  224  disposed in the first area AA 1  of  FIG.  12   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  11 A,  11 B and  12   , when the input device  2000  is disposed at a first input position CP 1  in the first mode MD 1  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ), the input sensor  200  may sense coordinates of the first input position CP 1 . The sensor controller  200 C may define the first area AA 1  based on the first input position CP 1 . The first area AA 1  may be defined as an area in which the first input position CP 1  is located. A second area AA 2  may be defined as an area in which the first input position CP 1  is not located. The first area AA 1  may be surrounded by the second area AA 2 . The first area AA 1  may overlap the first input position CP 1 . The first area AA 1  may be a portion of the active area  200 A. The first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224  may be disposed in the first area AA 1 . Compensation parts  212  and  223  may be disposed in the second area AA 2 . 
     The first signal PPS may be applied to the first area AA 1 , and the second signal APS may be applied to the second area AA 2 . That is, according to an embodiment, the sensor controller  200 C may determine the first area AA 1  based on the first input position CP 1  of the input device  2000  and may apply the first signal PPS to the first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224  disposed in the first area AA 1 . 
     In  FIG.  11 A , at least one first sensing electrode among the first sensing electrodes  210  may form the first sensor part  214 . The other first sensing electrodes except the at least one first sensing electrode among the first sensing electrodes  210  may form a first compensation part  212 . The first sensor part  214  may be disposed in the first area AA 1 - 1 . The first compensation part  212  may be disposed in the second area AA 2 - 1 . The first area AA 1 - 1  may be determined based on the first input position CP 1  indicated by the input device  2000 . That is, the first area AA 1 - 1  may be defined adjacent to the first input position CP 1 . The second area AA 2 - 1  may be defined in the active area  200 A except the first area AA 1 - 1 . The second area AA 2 - 1  may surround the first area AA 1 - 1  and may be provided in plural. The first compensation part  212  may be provided in plural, and the first compensation parts  212  may be respectively disposed in the second areas AA 2 - 1 . The first compensation parts  212  may be spaced apart from each other with the first sensor part  214  interposed therebetween. 
     The sensor controller  200 C may apply the first signal PPS to the first sensor part  214  and may apply the second signal APS to the first compensation part  212 . 
     The first area AA 1 - 1  may have a size determined to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a size of the active area  200 A. That is, the sensor controller  200 C may determine a width WT 1  in the second direction DR 2  of the first sensor part  214  disposed in the first area AA 1 - 1  to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a width HWT 1  in the second direction DR 2  of the active area  200 A. 
     In  FIG.  11 B , at least one second sensing electrode among the second sensing electrodes  220  may form the second sensor part  224 . The other second sensing electrodes except the at least one second sensing electrode among the second sensing electrodes  220  may form a second compensation part  223 . The second sensor part  224  may be disposed in the first area AA 1 - 2 . The second compensation part  223  may be disposed in the second area AA 2 - 2 . The first area AA 1 - 2  may be determined based on the first input position CP 1  indicated by the input device  2000 . That is, the first area AA 1 - 2  may be defined adjacent to the first input position CP 1 . The second area AA 2 - 2  may be defined in the active area  200 A except the first area AA 1 - 2 . The second area AA 2 - 2  may surround the first area AA 1 - 2  and may be provided in plural. The second compensation part  223  may be provided in plural, and the second compensation parts  223  may be respectively disposed in the second areas AA 2 - 2 . The second compensation parts  223  may be spaced apart from each other with the second sensor part  224  interposed therebetween. 
     The sensor controller  200 C may apply the first signal PPS to the second sensor part  224  and may apply the second signal APS to the second compensation part  223 . 
     The first area AA 1 - 2  may have a size determined to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a size of the active area  200 A. That is, the sensor controller  200 C may determine a width WT 2  in the first direction DR 1  of the second sensor part  224  disposed in the first area AA 1 - 2  to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a width HWT 2  in the first direction DR 1  of the active area  200 A. 
     In  FIG.  12   , the sensor controller  200 C may define the second area AA 2  on the basis of the first area AA 1 . The second area AA 2  may be defined adjacent to the first area AA 1 . In an embodiment, the second area AA 2  does not overlap the first area AA 1 . The second area AA 2  may refer to the area except the first area AA 1  in the active area  200 A. 
     The first area AA 1  may include the first area AA 1 - 1  in the first direction DR 1  and the first area AA 1 - 2  in the second direction DR 2 , which are determined around the first input position CP 1  of the input device  2000 . The first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224  may be arranged to cross each other around the first input position CP 1  in the first area AA 1 . 
     The first sensor part  214  may have a size determined to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of a size of the entire active area  200 A, and the second sensor part  224  may also have a size determined to correspond to about 20 percent to about 40 percent of the size of the entire active area  200 A. Accordingly, the sensor controller  200 C may determine the size of the first area AA 1  in which the first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224  are included to correspond to about 40 percent to about 60 percent of the size of the entire active area  200 A. In an embodiment, the sensor controller  200 C may determine the size of the first area AA 1  in which the first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224  are included to correspond to about 50 percent. That is, a ratio of the size of the first area AA 1  to the size of the second area AA 2  may be set to 5:5, 6:4, or 4:6 in the input sensor  200 . 
     The first area AA 1  may correspond to a half of the active area  200 A, and the other half of the active area  200 A may be determined as the second area AA 2 . The second area AA 2  may be determined depending on the determined first area AA 1 . The second area AA 2  may include the second area AA 2 - 1  in the first direction DR 1  and the second area AA 2 - 2  in the second direction DR 2 . The first input position CP 1  is not located in the second area AA 2 - 1  or the second area AA 2 - 2 . The second area AA 2  may include a plurality of areas surrounding the first area AA 1 , which may be spaced apart from each other. 
     The compensation parts  212  and  223  may be disposed in the second area AA 2 . The compensation parts  212  and  223  may be provided in plural, and the compensation parts  212  and  223  may be spaced apart from each other with at least one of the first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224 . 
     As described above, signals having opposite phases to each other may be respectively applied to the first area AA 1  and the second area AA 2  in  FIG.  12   . The sensor controller  200 C may apply the first signal PPS to the first sensor part  214  and the second sensor part  224  of the first area AA 1  and may apply the second signal APS to the compensation parts  212  and  223  of the second area AA 2 . The first signal PPS and the second signal APS may have opposite phases to each other. As an example, the first signal PPS may have the positive phase, and the second signal APS may have the negative phase. 
     According to an embodiment, the first signal PPS and the second signal APS may be applied to the second electrode CE (refer to  FIG.  5   ) due to the parasitic capacitance Cb (refer to  FIG.  5   ) formed between the input sensor  200  and the second electrode CE (refer to  FIG.  5   ). The first signal PPS and the second signal APS applied to the second electrode CE (refer to  FIG.  5   ) commonly disposed over the pixels PX (refer to  FIG.  6   ) as an integral shape may cancel each other. 
     The first area AA 1  and the second area AA 2  may have substantially the same size as each other. The intensity of the first signal PPS may be the same as the intensity of the second signal APS. Accordingly, the first signal PPS applied to the first area AA 1  and the second signal APS applied to the second area AA 2  may efficiently cancel each other in the second electrode CE (refer to  FIG.  5   ). 
     According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal PPS and the second signal APS applied to the second electrode CE (refer to  FIG.  5   ) may cancel each other, and thus, the first signal PPS may be prevented from being applied to each of the data lines DL 1  to DLm (refer to  FIG.  6   ). The data signal DS (refer to  FIG.  6   ) applied to each of the data lines DL 1 -DLm (refer to  FIG.  6   ) may be prevented from colliding with or interfering with the first signal PPS, and thus, the data signal DS (refer to  FIG.  6   ) may be prevented from being distorted. Accordingly, a flicker phenomenon, which may be caused by the data signal DS (refer to  FIG.  6   ) distorted by the first signal PPS, may be removed or reduced, and as a result, image quality may be increased. 
     Different from the input device  2000  disposed at the first input position CP 1  in  FIG.  12   , the input device  2000  is disposed at a second input position CP 2  in  FIG.  13   . 
     In the first mode MD 1  (refer to  FIG.  7 A ), the input device  2000  may move to the second input position CP 2  from the first input position CP 1  of  FIG.  12   . 
     According to an embodiment, the sensor controller  200 C may detect the input position of the input device in real time. The sensor controller  200 C may track the input position of the input device  2000  in real time through the position detection signal. 
     In  FIG.  13   , the sensor controller  200 C may detect coordinates of the second input position CP 2  in the input sensor  200  again along the movement of the input device  2000 . The sensor controller  200 C may define the first area AA 1  again based on the coordinates of the detected second input position CP 2 . 
     The first area AA 1  may overlap the second input position CP 2 . In an embodiment, the first area AA 1  may be continuously defined along a movement path of the coordinates of the input device  2000  detected by the input sensor  200 . The first area AA 1  may be defined based on at least one first sensing electrode disposed in the first sensor part  214  and at least one second sensing electrode disposed in the second sensor part  224 . The sensor controller  200 C may apply the first signal PPS to the first area AA 1  as the uplink signal ULS (refer to  FIG.  7 B ). 
     The sensor controller  200 C may define the second area AA 2  different from first area AA 1  based on the first area AA 1 . The second area AA 2  may be defined adjacent to the first area AA 1 . In an embodiment, the second area AA 2  does not overlap the first area AA 1 . The second area AA 2  may be defined based on the compensation parts  212  and  223 . The second signal APS having an opposed phase to that of the first signal PPS may be applied to the second area AA 2  as the uplink signal ULS (refer to  FIG.  7 B ). 
     According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the position of the first area AA 1  may be changed depending on the input position at which the input device  2000  is sensed. The uplink signal ULS (refer to  FIG.  7 B ) may be applied to the input device  2000  from the first area AA 1 . Although the input device  2000  moves to the second input position CP 2  from the first input position CP 1  in the first mode MD 1 (refer to  FIG.  7 A ), the input device  2000  may receive the uplink signal ULS (refer to  FIG.  7 B ) from the input sensor  200 , and the input sensor  200  may sense the input by the input device  2000 . Accordingly, the sensing reliability of the input sensor  200  may be increased. 
       FIGS.  14  and  15    are plan views of the input sensor in the second mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the second mode, the input sensor  200  may be operated to sense the input by the user&#39;s touch. 
     According to an embodiment, the input sensor of  FIG.  14    and the input sensor of  FIG.  15    may alternately appear in the second mode of the input sensor  200 . That is,  FIGS.  14  and  15    show different input sensors in two consecutive frames. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  14  and  15   , in the second mode, a first area HA 1  and a second area HA 2 , which are obtained by dividing the active area  200 A, may be defined in the input sensor  200 . A first uplink signal PPS and a second uplink signal APS having the opposite phase to that of the first uplink signal PPS may be applied to the first area HA 1  and the second area HA 2 , respectively. As an example, the first uplink signal PPS having the positive phase may be applied to the first area HAL and substantially simultaneously, the second uplink signal APS having the negative phase may be applied to the second area HA 2 . 
     The first uplink signal PPS and the second uplink signal APS may be applied to the first area HA 1  and the second area HA 2  to sense the input device  2000  approaching thereto in the second mode. Hereinafter, the first uplink signal PPS will be referred to as the first signal PPS, and the second uplink signal APS will be referred to as the second signal APS. 
     The sensor controller  200 C (refer to  FIG.  3   ) may apply signals having different phases from each other to two areas of the input sensor  200 . That is, the first area HA 1  and the second area HA 2  may be defined by the first signal PPS and the second signal APS, which have different phases from each other and are provided by the sensor controller  200 C. 
     The sensor controller  200 C may invert the position of the first area HA 1  to which the first signal PPS is applied and the position of the second area HA 2  to which the second signal APS is applied every frame. 
     In  FIG.  14   , the first area HA 1  may be disposed at a left side in the first direction DR 1 , and the second area HA 2  may be disposed at a right side in the first direction DR 1 . In  FIG.  15   , the first area HA 1  may be disposed at the right side in the first direction DR 1 , and the second area HA 2  may be disposed at the left side in the first direction DR 1 . 
     In the consecutive first and second frames, the sensor controller may apply the first signal PPS and the second signal APS to the input sensor  200  in the first frame as shown in  FIG.  14    and may apply the first signal PPS and the second signal APS to the input sensor in the second frame as shown in  15 . Accordingly, the flicker phenomenon may be reduced or prevented by applying the signals having opposite phases from each other to the divided areas in the second mode. 
     According to an embodiment, the first signal PPS and the second signal APS may be sequentially and alternately applied to the first area HA 1 , and the second signal APS and the first signal PPS may be sequentially and alternately applied to the second area HA 2 . Accordingly, the approach of the input device may be detected from any direction of the input sensor. 
     As is traditional in the field of the present disclosure, embodiments are described, and illustrated in the drawings, in terms of functional blocks, units and/or modules. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these blocks, units and/or modules are physically implemented by electronic (or optical) circuits such as logic circuits, discrete components, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements, wiring connections, etc., which may be formed using semiconductor-based fabrication techniques or other manufacturing technologies. In the case of the blocks, units and/or modules being implemented by microprocessors or similar, they may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform various functions discussed herein and may optionally be driven by firmware and/or software. Alternatively, each block, unit and/or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions. 
     While the present disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims.