Patent Publication Number: US-11040533-B2

Title: Liquid ejection head and liquid ejection apparatus

Description:
The present application is based on, and claims priority from JP Application Serial Number 2018-238134, filed Dec. 20, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a liquid ejection head and a liquid ejection apparatus. 
     2. Related Art 
     Techniques for ejecting liquid in a pressure chamber through nozzles have been proposed. For example, JP-A-2018-154051 discloses a configuration in which a pressure chamber that communicates with a nozzle and a common liquid chamber that stores ink which is supplied to the pressure chamber communicate with each other via a branch flow path. 
     In order to apply sufficient pressure to liquid in the pressure chamber, the pressure chamber is required to have a sufficient volume. Further, the common liquid chamber is also required to have a sufficient volume. However, increased volume of the pressure chamber and the common liquid chamber causes a problem that the liquid ejection head is increased in size. 
     SUMMARY 
     A liquid ejection head according to a preferred embodiment of the disclosure includes: a pressure chamber communicating with a nozzle, the pressure chamber extending along a first axis; a liquid storage chamber that stores liquid which is supplied to the pressure chamber, the liquid storage chamber partially overlapping the pressure chamber when viewed in a direction of a second axis, which intersects the first axis; and a first communication flow path and a second communication flow path extending in a direction of the second axis and allowing the pressure chamber and the liquid storage chamber to communicate with each other. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of a liquid ejection apparatus according to a first embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of a liquid ejection head. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the liquid ejection head. 
         FIG. 4  includes a plan view and a cross-sectional view in which a vicinity of a communication flow path is enlarged. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of the liquid ejection head in a second embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  includes a plan view and a cross-sectional view in which a vicinity of a first communication flow path and a second communication flow path in the second embodiment are enlarged. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of the liquid ejection head in a third embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     First Embodiment 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view illustrating a liquid ejection apparatus  100  according to a first embodiment. The liquid ejection apparatus  100  of the first embodiment is an ink jet recording apparatus that ejects ink, which is an example of liquid, onto a medium  12 . The medium  12  is typically a recording paper. However, a recording object made of any material such as a resin film or a fabric may also be used as the medium  12 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the liquid ejection apparatus  100  includes a liquid container  14  that stores ink. Examples of the liquid container  14  include a cartridge detachably attached to the liquid ejection apparatus  100 , a bag-shaped ink pack made of a flexible film, and an ink tank that can be refilled with ink. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the liquid ejection apparatus  100  includes a control unit  20 , a transport mechanism  22 , a movement mechanism  24 , and a liquid ejection head  26 . The control unit  20  includes, for example, a processing circuit such as a central processing unit (CPU) or field programmable gate array (FPGA), and a recording circuit such as a semiconductor memory. The control unit  20  integrally controls the components of the liquid ejection apparatus  100 . The control unit  20  is an example of a “control section.” The transport mechanism  22  transports the medium  12  along a Y axis under the control of the control unit  20 . 
     The movement mechanism  24  reciprocates the liquid ejection head  26  along an X axis under the control of the control unit  20 . The X axis intersects the Y axis along which the medium  12  is transported. The X axis is an example of a “first axis.” For example, the X axis is perpendicular to the Y axis. The movement mechanism  24  of the first embodiment includes a substantially box-shaped transport body  242  that accommodates the liquid ejection head  26 , and a transport belt  244  to which the transport body  242  is fixed. Further, other possible configurations include that in which a plurality of liquid ejection heads  26  are mounted in the transport body  242 , and that in which the liquid container  14  together with the liquid ejection head  26  is mounted in the transport body  242 . 
     The liquid ejection head  26  is configured to eject ink, which is supplied from the liquid container  14 , onto the medium  12  via a plurality of nozzles under the control of the control unit  20 . In parallel with transport of the medium  12  by the transport mechanism  22  and repeated reciprocation of the transport body  242 , the respective liquid ejection heads  26  eject ink onto the medium  12  to thereby form an image on a surface of the medium  12 . 
       FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of the liquid ejection head  26 , and  FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of  FIG. 2 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a Z axis perpendicular to the X-Y plane is assumed. The cross-section shown in  FIG. 3  is parallel with the X-Z plane. The Z axis extends in a direction in which ink is ejected by the liquid ejection head  26 . The Z axis is an example of a “second axis.” As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , one side in the Z axis as viewed from an arbitrary point is referred to as a “Z1-side,” and the other side is referred to as a “Z2-side.” Similarly, one side in the X axis as viewed from an arbitrary point is referred to as an “X1-side,” and the other side is referred to as an “X2-side.” A direction extending in the X axis may also be referred to as a “first direction,” and a direction extending in the Z axis may also be referred to as a “second direction.” 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the liquid ejection head  26  includes a flow path substrate  32  having a substantially rectangular shape elongated in the Y axis. The surface of the flow path substrate  32  on the Z1-side is provided with a pressure chamber substrate  34 , a vibration plate  36 , a plurality of piezoelectric elements  38 , a housing  42 , and a sealing body  44 . The surface of the flow path substrate  32  on the Z2-side is provided with a nozzle plate  46  and a buffer body  48 . The respective elements in the liquid ejection head  26  are plate members each having a shape generally elongated in the Y axis as with the flow path substrate  32 , and the elements are bonded to each other via an adhesive, for example. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the nozzle plate  46  is a plate-shaped member in which a plurality of nozzles N are arrayed in the Y axis. The respective nozzles N are through holes through which ink passes. The plurality of nozzles N arrayed in the Y axis is also referred to as a nozzle row. Further, the flow path substrate  32 , the pressure chamber substrate  34 , and the nozzle plate  46  are formed, for example, by processing a silicon (Si) single crystal substrate by using semiconductor fabrication techniques such as etching. However, materials and fabrication methods of the components of the liquid ejection head  26  are not limited to these described above. The Y axis direction can also be referred to as a direction in which the plurality of nozzles N are arrayed. 
     The flow path substrate  32  is a plate-shaped member for forming an ink flow path. As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the flow path substrate  32  includes a first space  321 , a second space  322 , communication flow paths  324 , and ejection flow paths  326 . The first space  321  is a through hole that is continuous in the Y axis across the plurality of nozzles N. The second space  322  is a bottomed hole formed on the surface of the flow path substrate  32  on the Z2-side, and is continuous in the Y axis across the plurality of nozzles N. The communication flow paths  324  and the ejection flow paths  326  are through holes individually formed for the respective nozzles N. 
     The housing  42  is a structure formed, for example, by injection molding of a resin material, and is fixed to the surface of the flow path substrate  32  on the Z1-side. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the housing  42  includes a third space  422  and an introduction port  424 . The third space  422  is a bottomed hole having an outer shape corresponding to the first space  321  of the flow path substrate  32 . The introduction port  424  is a through hole communicating with the third space  422 . As seen from  FIG. 3 , a space formed by the first space  321  and the second space  322  in the flow path substrate  32  and the third space  422  in the housing  42 , which mutually communicate, serves as a liquid storage chamber R. Ink supplied from the liquid container  14  and fed through the introduction port  424  is stored in the liquid storage chamber R. 
     A buffer body  48  serves to reduce pressure changes in the liquid storage chamber R. The buffer body  48  includes, for example, a flexible sheet member which is elastically deformable. Specifically, the buffer body  48  is disposed on the surface of the flow path substrate  32  on the Z2-side to form the bottom of the liquid storage chamber R, closing the first space  321  and the second space  322  of the flow path substrate  32 . That is, the buffer body  48  forms the bottom of a portion of the liquid storage chamber R which is formed by the first space  321  and the second space  322 . 
     Further, the specific configuration for implementing a buffer function for reducing pressure changes in the liquid storage chamber R is not limited to that described above. For example, the buffer body  48  may also be disposed at a position separated from the first space  321  and the second space  322  by some distance. For example, a separate member may also be provided to form the bottom of the portion which is formed by the first space  321  and the second space  322  with the buffer body  48  being disposed to be in contact with a surface of the separate member on a side opposite to that facing the first space  321  and the second space  322 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the pressure chamber substrate  34  is a plate-shaped member in which a plurality of pressure chambers C are formed to respectively correspond to the plurality of nozzles N. The plurality of pressure chambers C are arrayed at intervals in the Y axis. Each pressure chamber C is an opening elongated in the X axis. A portion of the pressure chamber C near an end Ec 1  on the X1-side overlaps one communication flow path  324  in plan view. That is, the communication flow path  324  allows the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R to communicate with each other. Further, a portion of the pressure chamber C near an end Ec 2  on the X2-side overlaps one ejection flow path  326  of the flow path substrate  32  in plan view. That is, the ejection flow path  326  allows the pressure chamber C and the nozzle N to communicate with each other. 
     The vibration plate  36  is disposed on a surface of the pressure chamber substrate  34  on a side opposite to that facing the flow path substrate  32 . The vibration plate  36  is an elastically deformable plate member. For example, the vibration plate  36  is a laminate composed of a first layer made of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) and a second layer made of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ). 
     As seen from  FIG. 3 , the flow path substrate  32  and the vibration plate  36  face each other with a space therebetween in each pressure chamber C. The pressure chamber C is a space located between the flow path substrate  32  and the vibration plate  36  for imparting a pressure to ink loaded in the pressure chamber C. The vibration plate  36  forms a wall of the pressure chamber C. Ink stored in the liquid storage chamber R is branched from the second space  322  into the respective communication flow paths  324 , and then supplied and fed in parallel into the plurality of pressure chambers C. That is, the liquid storage chamber R serves as a common liquid chamber that stores ink to be supplied to the plurality of pressure chambers C. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a plurality of piezoelectric elements  38  are disposed to respectively correspond to the plurality of nozzles N on a surface of the vibration plate  36  on a side opposite to that facing the pressure chamber substrate  34 . Each piezoelectric element  38  is a laminate of a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode, and has a shape elongated in the X axis. The piezoelectric layer is made of a piezoelectric material such as lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 ). The plurality of piezoelectric elements  38  are arrayed in the Y axis so as to correspond to the plurality of pressure chambers C. The piezoelectric element  38  is a piezoelectric actuator that deforms in response to supply of a drive signal. When the vibration plate  36  vibrates in connection with deformation of the piezoelectric elements  38 , the pressure in the pressure chamber C changes to cause the ink in the pressure chamber C to be ejected though the ejection flow path  326  and the nozzle N. That is, the piezoelectric element  38  is a drive element that causes ink in the pressure chamber C to be ejected through the nozzle N by vibrating the vibration plate  36 . 
     The sealing body  44  shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  is a structure that protects the plurality of piezoelectric elements  38  from the outside air while reinforcing the mechanical strength of the pressure chamber substrate  34  and the vibration plate  36 . The sealing body  44  is fixed to a surface of the vibration plate  36 , for example, via an adhesive. The plurality of piezoelectric elements  38  are accommodated inside a recess formed on a side of the sealing body  44  that faces the vibration plate  36 . Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , for example, a wiring substrate  60  is connected to the surface of the vibration plate  36 . The wiring substrate  60  is a mounted component on which a plurality of wirings (not shown) for electrically connecting the control unit  20  to the liquid ejection head  26  are formed. For example, a flexible wiring substrate  60  such as a flexible printed circuit (FPC) or a flexible flat cable (FFC) is suitably adopted. 
       FIG. 4  includes a plan view and a cross-sectional view in which a vicinity of the communication flow path  324  is enlarged. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the liquid storage chamber R partially overlaps the pressure chamber C in the Z axis direction in plan view. That is, a portion of the pressure chamber C that extends from the end Ec 1  on the X1-side toward the X2-side by a predetermined length, which is a range Q, overlaps the liquid storage chamber R in plan view. In the first embodiment, it also overlaps a range of the piezoelectric elements  38  which deforms in response to supply of a drive signal as viewed in the Z direction. 
     The communication flow path  324 , which is formed in the range Q in which the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R overlap with each other, allows the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R to communicate with each other. Specifically, the communication flow path  324  is a through hole extending straight in the Z direction from the pressure chamber C to the liquid storage chamber R. 
     There may be a case where air bubbles are mixed in ink in the liquid ejection head  26 . In the first embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the respective pressure chambers C communicate with the liquid storage chamber R via one communication flow path  324 . In the configuration in which the communication flow path  324  is connected to the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C on the X1-side, air bubbles may be retained in an end Er of the liquid storage chamber R on the X2-side, leading to inhibition of ink flow. On the other hand, in the configuration in which the communication flow path  324  is connected to the end Er of the liquid storage chamber R, air bubbles may be retained in the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C. 
     From the viewpoint of reducing the likelihood of retention of air bubbles described above, a configuration is preferred in which the communication flow path  324  is disposed at a substantially center of the range Q in the X axis direction as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . According to the above configuration, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of air bubbles being distributed to only one of the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C and the end Er of the liquid storage chamber R. Further, the configuration in which the communication flow path  324  is disposed at a substantially center of the range Q in the X axis direction refers to that, when the end of the range Q on the X1-side is taken as 0% and the end on the X2-side is taken as 100%, the communication flow path  324  is positioned in the range of 30% or more and 70% or less. 
     Moreover, in the configuration in which the position of the communication flow path  324  in the X axis direction is determined by the above condition, retention of air bubbles is effectively reduced when the range Q in which the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R overlap with each other is sufficiently small. In order to achieve the above effect, a suitable dimension of the range Q in the X axis direction is, although depending on the specific configuration of the liquid ejection head  26 , for example, preferably one-third or less of the dimension of the pressure chamber C in the X axis direction and one-third or less of the dimension of the second space  322  in the X axis direction. 
     As described above, in the first embodiment, the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R overlap with each other in the Z axis direction. Accordingly, compared with a configuration in which the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R do not overlap in the Z axis direction, it is advantageous in that the volume of the liquid storage chamber R can be easily ensured while reducing the size of the liquid ejection head  26  in the X axis direction. 
     Second Embodiment 
     The second embodiment will now be described. In the following examples, components having the same function as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference signs as those used in connection with the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted as appropriate. 
     There may be a case where air bubbles are mixed in ink in the liquid ejection head  26 . As indicated by the reference sign α in  FIG. 4 , the air bubble mixed in ink tends to be retained, for example, at the dead end of the flow path. Although retention of air bubbles is moderately reduced when the communication flow path  324  is disposed at the substantially center of the range Q in the X axis direction as described in connection with the first embodiment, some air bubbles may still remain in reality. In view of the above situation, the second embodiment is provided for smooth discharge of air bubbles in the case where air bubbles are generated in the ink in the liquid ejection head  26 . 
       FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of the liquid ejection head  26  in the second embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the flow path substrate  32  of the second embodiment includes a first communication flow path  324   a  and a second communication flow path  324   b  instead of the communication flow path  324  of the first embodiment. 
       FIG. 6  includes a plan view and a cross-sectional view in which a vicinity of the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  in the second embodiment are enlarged. As illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b , which are formed in the range Q in which the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R overlap with each other as with the communication flow path  324  of the first embodiment, allows the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R to communicate with each other. Specifically, the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  are through holes extending straight in the Z direction from the pressure chamber C to the liquid storage chamber R. As seen from the above description, in the second embodiment, two flow paths are formed to supply ink from the second space  322  to the pressure chamber C via each of the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b.    
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  are different in position in the X axis direction. The second communication flow path  324   b  is spaced from the first communication flow path  324   a  by a predetermined distance on the X2-side. Specifically, the first communication flow path  324   a  is connected to the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C on a side opposite to the end where the nozzle N is located, and to a portion of the liquid storage chamber R which overlaps the end Ec 1 . The end Ec 1  is an end of the pressure chamber C on the X1-side, and is located at an upper end of the first communication flow path  324   a.    
     The second communication flow path  324   b  is connected to the end Er of the liquid storage chamber R, which is located on a side closer to the nozzle N, and a portion of the pressure chamber C which overlaps the end Er. The end Er is an end of the liquid storage chamber R on the X2-side, and is located at a lower end of the second communication flow path  324   b . In plan view in the Z axis direction, the second communication flow path  324   b  is located on the X1-side in the X axis direction as viewed from the midpoint of the pressure chamber C. 
     As described above, in the second embodiment, since the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R communicate with each other via the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b , migration of air bubbles mixed in ink is promoted. For example, an air bubble that has entered the first communication flow path  324   a  travels in the pressure chamber C toward the nozzle N as indicated by the arrow a 1  in  FIG. 6 , and an air bubble that has entered the second communication flow path  324   b  travels in the pressure chamber C toward the nozzle N as indicated by the arrow a 2  in  FIG. 6 . Accordingly, the likelihood of retention of air bubbles in the flow path extending from the liquid storage chamber R to the nozzle N can be reduced. Particularly, in the second embodiment, the first communication flow path  324   a  is connected to the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C, and the second communication flow path  324   b  is connected to the end Er of the liquid storage chamber R. That is, a dead end is not formed in either the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C or the end Er of the liquid storage chamber R. Accordingly, it is advantageous in that retention of air bubbles mixed in ink can be effectively reduced. 
     A combined resistance of a flow path resistance of the first communication flow path  324   a  and a flow path resistance of the second communication flow path  324   b  is larger than a flow path of the nozzle N. According to the above configuration, it is possible to decrease the likelihood of ink flowing backward from the pressure chamber C to the liquid storage chamber R during deformation of the piezoelectric element  38 . Therefore, an appropriate amount of ink can be ejected through the nozzle N according to pressure changes in the pressure chamber C. 
     In addition, a configuration is also preferred in which the combined resistance of the flow path resistance of the first communication flow path  324   a  and the flow path resistance of the second communication flow path  324   b  is smaller than the flow path resistance of the nozzle N. According to the above configuration, the first communication flow path  324   a  or the second communication flow path  324   b  facilitates an easier flow of ink than the nozzle N. Therefore, for example, when ink is continuously ejected, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of shortage of ejection amount of ink due to failure in filling the pressure chamber C with ink in time. 
     Further, the flow path resistance of the first communication flow path  324   a  is smaller than the flow path resistance of the second communication flow path  324   b . For example, a cross-sectional area of the flow path of the first communication flow path  324   a  is larger than a cross-sectional area of the flow path of the second communication flow path  324   b . According to the above configuration, the first communication flow path  324   a  can be preferentially used to supply ink from the liquid storage chamber R to the pressure chamber C. In other words, the first communication flow path  324   a  is preferentially used to supply ink to the pressure chamber C, whereas the second communication flow path  324   b  is preferentially used to discharge air bubbles. 
     Third Embodiment 
       FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a configuration of the liquid ejection head  26  according to the third embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the liquid ejection head  26  of the third embodiment has a configuration in which the nozzle plate  46  and the buffer body  48  of the second embodiment are replaced with a plate member  49 . The plate member  49  is a flat plate member that covers the entire surface of the flow path substrate  32  on the Z2-side. 
     A plurality of nozzles N are formed in the plate member  49 . That is, the plate member  49  serves as the nozzle plate  46  of the first embodiment. Further, the plate member  49  closes the first space  321  and the second space  322  of the flow path substrate  32 , and elastically deforms according to the pressure changes in the liquid storage chamber R to thereby reduce the pressure changes. That is, the plate member  49  also serves as the buffer body  48  of the first embodiment. As seen from the above description, the nozzle plate  46  and the buffer body  48  of the first embodiment are integrated as the plate member  49  in the third embodiment. The plurality of nozzles N are through holes formed in the plate member  49 , which also serves as the buffer body  48 . 
     According to the third embodiment, the liquid ejection head  26  has a simplified configuration over the first embodiment in which the nozzle plate  46  and the buffer body  48  are separately provided. Moreover, it is also advantageous in that the likelihood of ink or moisture entering a gap between the nozzle plate  46  and the buffer body  48  can be reduced. Further, although  FIG. 7  shows the example in which the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  are formed in the flow path substrate  32 , the configuration having the plate member  49  can also be applied to the configuration of the first embodiment in which the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R communicate with each other via a single communication flow path  324 . 
     Modified Examples 
     The aforementioned embodiments can be modified in various ways. Specific modifications that can be applied to the aforementioned embodiments will be exemplified below. Further, any two or more of modifications selected from the following examples can be combined as appropriate to the extent that they do not contradict each other. 
     (1) In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, both the nozzle plate  46  and the buffer body  48  are disposed on the flow path substrate  32 . However, either or both of the nozzle plate  46  and the buffer body  48  may be formed integrally with the flow path substrate  32 . The plate member  49  of the third embodiment may also be formed integrally with the flow path substrate  32 . 
     (2) In the second embodiment, the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  are spaced in the X axis direction. However, the positional relationship between the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  is not limited to the above example. For example, the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  may also be arranged in the Y direction. Furthermore, a configuration in which the first communication flow path  324   a  is formed at a position spaced from the end Ec 1  of the pressure chamber C, or a configuration in which the second communication flow path  324   b  is formed at a position spaced from the end Er of the liquid storage chamber R can also be assumed. 
     (3) The shape or direction of the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  is not limited those described in the second embodiment. For example, either or both of the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  may be curved. However, ink flow is more likely to be inhibited in a curved flow path compared with a straight flow path. Therefore, one of the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  is preferably formed in a straight shape to ensure smooth flow of ink. A configuration in which the first communication flow path  324   a  and the second communication flow path  324   b  extend in a direction inclined relative to the Z axis is also adopted. Further, in the second embodiment, the number of communication flow paths that allow the pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R to communicate with each other is not limited to two. The pressure chamber C and the liquid storage chamber R may also communicate with each other via three or more communication flow paths. 
     (4) The drive element that causes ink in the pressure chamber C to be ejected through the nozzle N is not limited to the piezoelectric element  38  described in the aforementioned embodiments. For example, a heat generating element that uses heat to generate air bubbles in the pressure chamber C to thereby change the pressure can also be used as the drive element. As seen from the above examples, the drive element is comprehensively described as an element that causes ink in the pressure chamber C to be ejected through the nozzle N, and an operation method such as a piezoelectric method or a thermal method and a specific configuration of the drive element are not specifically limited. 
     (5) While the aforementioned embodiments illustrate a serial-type liquid ejection apparatus  100  configured to reciprocate the transport body  242  on which the liquid ejection head  26  is mounted, the transport body  242  may also be configured to move only in one direction. Further, the disclosure can also be applied to a line-type liquid ejection apparatus in which the plurality of nozzles N are distributed over the entire width of the medium  12 . 
     (6) The liquid ejection apparatus  100  illustrated in the aforementioned embodiments can be used in various apparatuses such as facsimile machines and copying machines in addition to the apparatuses dedicated to printing. The applications of the liquid ejection apparatus of the disclosure are not limited to printing. For example, a liquid ejection apparatus configured to eject a solution of a color material is used as a manufacturing apparatus for forming color filters of liquid crystal displays. Further, a liquid ejection apparatus configured to eject a solution of a conductive material is used as a manufacturing apparatus for forming wirings and electrodes of wiring substrates. A liquid ejection apparatus configured to eject biomolecules such as cells is used as an apparatus for manufacturing biochips in which biomolecules are fixed to a substrate.