Patent Publication Number: US-2023143020-A1

Title: Saliva sample testing devices, methods, and mobile app

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/277,669, titled “FLUID SAMPLE TESTING DEVICES, METHODS, AND MOBILE APP,” and filed on Nov. 10, 2021, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to oral health testing. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to saliva testing kits, devices, and methods for rapid oral health screening without the use of a laboratory. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional health testing typically is conducted at health-care facilities by care providers and health technicians and involves testing of blood and urine. Test results typically await laboratory analysis, which can be delayed according to the waiting times related to the volume of tests in a queue, according to the processing times of testing procedures, and according to the need for a qualified professional to inspect and interpret the results of each test. Additionally, test results can be delayed due to delivery and/or mailing of samples to a laboratory. However, even those conveniences are often unavailable as samples can be degraded due to conditions, such as the weather, and the amount of time it takes to get a sample to a laboratory. Thus, a user is typically required to travel to and appear at a facility but is not assured rapid test results regardless of whether an appointment was made well in advance. 
     There are at home test kits that are available by which the user can self-administer a test or collect a sample at home, usually utilizing urine, and mail the samples to a laboratory by mail. After waiting for samples to arrive and for laboratory analysis, the results are sent to the user by email or electronically on a portal. 
     Improvements are needed for at home testing health testing, particularly testing related to oral health, which utilizes saliva, and provides efficient and timely results. 
     SUMMARY 
     This summary is provided to briefly introduce concepts that are further described in the following detailed descriptions. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it to be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     In at least one embodiment, a method of testing a saliva sample to determine oral health parameters includes: providing a testing device which has a color palette and multiple test areas, including colorimetric and lateral flow test areas which react due to attributes of a saliva sample; collecting a first prescribed volume of user saliva; dispensing a second prescribed volume of user saliva apportioned from the first volume onto each of the test areas to generate a reaction; capturing an image of the testing device including generated reactions with an imaging sensor of a computing device; analyzing the image through a testing platform accessed by the computing device, where the testing platform is configured to generate results for oral health parameters based on reactions; and displaying results generated for oral health parameters on a display module of the computing device. 
     The reactions may include color changes for colorimetric analysis test areas and generated indicators for lateral flow assay test areas. 
     A sterile collection device may be utilized to collect the first prescribed volume of user saliva and from which the second prescribed volume of user saliva may be dispensed onto each of the test areas. 
     The testing platform may be stored within a memory module of the computing device. 
     The image of the testing device including the generated reactions, such as color changes and indicators, may be stored in the memory module of the computing device. 
     The testing platform may calibrate an image or an analysis based on the color palette of the testing device to increase the accuracy of results generated for oral health parameters by the testing platform. 
     The testing platform may be stored in a network accessible memory module, such as on a cloud-based server, and be accessed by a network communication module of the computing device to access the testing platform. 
     The results generated by the testing platform may be stored in a memory module of the computing device with identifying time and date data. The testing platform may generate trend identifiers based on the results stored in the memory module and their respective time and date data. The trend identifiers may be displayed on a display module of the computing device. 
     The results and/or the trend identifiers generated by the testing platform for the oral health parameters may be sent to a remote device through a network with a network communication module of the computing device. 
     The results generated for oral health parameters can include quantitative indices of each of the respective oral health parameters. 
     The value for each of the quantitative indices may be based on, or result from, a specific color change or indicators generated in a test area. 
     The testing device may further comprise a casing to enhance the rigidity, durability, and longevity of the testing device and help direct saliva samples to intended test areas, preventing inadvertent dispensing in an unintended location. Cutouts in the casing provide access to dispensing portions of the test area, indications of what portions of the test areas are dispensing portions, and a view of the test area, particularly the portion where a reaction will be visible. 
     The testing area may comprise a dispensing portion where the sample is placed to produce a reaction and ensure accurate results. 
     The method step of analyzing an image with the testing platform may further comprise determining if the image has characteristics which might prevent accurate results based on the image. For example, the testing platform could determine if the image is too dark or the testing device is too far away from the imaging sensor. 
     The attributes of the saliva sample which generate a reaction in a testing area may include a specific concentration of a particular compound in the saliva sample. Types of the particular compounds may include an enzyme, bacterium, virus, protein, or fungus. Examples may include Glucosyltransferase,  Streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus , human papillomavirus (HPV 16/HPV 18),  candida , porphyomonas  gingivalis , C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), Interleukin-6 (IL-6),  Atopobium parvulum, Eubacterium sulci, Fusobacterium periodonticum , and  Solobacterium moorei . For example, one of the test areas of the testing device may generate a reaction in response to the presence or concentration of  candida.    
     The attributes of the saliva sample which generate a reaction in a testing area may also include pH and/or buffering capacity of a saliva sample. 
     In at least one embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable medium includes computer readable instructions for execution on a computing device to cause a computing device to automatically analyze the image and reactions by the colorimetric analysis and/or lateral flow assay and display the results. 
     In at least one embodiment, a kit for use in conducting the above method includes the testing device. In an additional embodiment a kit for use in conducting the above method also includes a sterile collection device. In a further embodiment a kit for use in conducting the above method also includes a dropper. 
     The kit may also include at least one of: the above non-transitory computer readable medium, information for a user to access the above non-transitory computer readable medium, or a graphic for scanning or imaging to cause a computing device to access or download the above computer readable instructions and/or testing platform. 
     The above summary is to be understood as cumulative and inclusive. The above-described embodiments and features are combined in various combinations in whole or in part in one or more other embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The previous summary and the following detailed descriptions are to be read in view of the drawings, which illustrate particular exemplary embodiments and features as briefly described below. The summary and detailed descriptions, however, are not limited to only those embodiments and features explicitly illustrated. 
         FIG.  1    is an illustration of a kit for saliva sample testing, according to at least one embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    shows a saliva sample being delivered to a test area of a testing device, according to at least one embodiment; 
         FIG.  2 A  shows a testing device with a casing, according to at least one embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    shows the sample reactive device of  FIG.  2    with reactions generated at several test areas in response to delivered saliva samples; 
         FIG.  4    shows a computing device having captured an image of the testing device of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  5    shows an application or program, according to at least one embodiment, running on a user computing device; 
         FIG.  6    shows a test result window, according to at least one embodiment, displayed on a display module of the computing device of  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  7    shows a trend identifier, according to at least one embodiment, displayed on a display module of the computing device of  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  8    shows a flow chart indicating a generalized method, according to at least one embodiment, of utilizing a testing device to generate results; and 
         FIG.  9    shows a diagram of a user computing device in communication with a remote computing device through a network, according to at least one embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS 
     These descriptions are presented with sufficient details to provide an understanding of one or more particular embodiments of broader inventive subject matters. These descriptions expound upon and exemplify particular features of those particular embodiments without limiting the inventive subject matters to the explicitly described embodiments and features. Considerations in view of these descriptions will likely give rise to additional and similar embodiments and features without departing from the scope of the inventive subject matters. Although steps may be expressly described or implied relating to features of processes or methods, no implication is made of any particular order or sequence among such expressed or implied steps unless an order or sequence is explicitly stated. 
     Any dimensions expressed or implied in the drawings and these descriptions are provided for exemplary purposes. Thus, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and these descriptions are made according to such exemplary dimensions. The drawings are not made necessarily to scale. Thus, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and these descriptions are made according to the apparent scale of the drawings with regard to relative dimensions in the drawings. However, for each drawing, at least one embodiment is made according to the apparent relative scale of the drawing. 
     Like reference numbers used throughout the drawings depict like or similar elements. Unless described or implied as exclusive alternatives, features throughout the drawings and descriptions should be taken as cumulative, such that features expressly associated with some particular embodiments can be combined with other embodiments. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently disclosed subject matter pertains. Although any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presently disclosed subject matter, representative methods, devices, and materials are now described. 
     Generally, the terminology “testing platform” is utilized to refer to a specific application or program utilized within the context of this particular method. In various contexts, it is understood that “application or program” is interchangeable with “testing platform,” such as in the context of carrying out the steps of methods described herein on a computing device. For example, reference to the “application or program” analyzing an image, conducting calibration, or generating test results would also refer to the “testing platform” performing such functions. 
     According to the below described particular embodiments, with reference to the drawings, and those further embodiments and examples within the full scope of these descriptions and drawings, a user can self-administer a saliva sample test with a reactive testing device—having integrated colorimetric and lateral flow assay test areas—outside a health care facility, for example at home, and instead of having to collect urine or blood and/or send a sample into to a laboratory for analysis, capture an image of the testing device after the reactions which is provided to and analyzed by a testing platform to generate results, with the analysis and results based an algorithm and AI tech. These benefits, and those described hereafter, define features that are innovative in self-administered rapid results health testing. 
     An overview of a general method  500  of utilizing the testing device, collection device, and testing platform according to at least one embodiment is provided in  FIG.  8   . That method  500  comprises the steps of providing a testing device and collection device  502 ; collecting a first volume of saliva with collection device  504 ; dispensing a second volume of saliva onto testing device from collection device  506 ; accepting user input on computing device testing platform  508 ; capturing image of testing device with computing device  510 ; storing image of testing device reactions in memory module  512 ; calibrating image with testing platform  514 ; analyzing image with testing platform  516 ; generating results and trends from analyzed image with testing platform  518 ; displaying results and trend indicators on computing device  520 ; storing results and trends in memory module  522 ; and sending results and trend indicators to a computing device through network  524 . In order to better understand the above method and to highlight additional embodiments, elements, features, and steps are discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIG.  1    shows a kit  10 , according to at least one embodiment, for saliva sample testing at home or at other locations convenient to users. Testing need not be conducted at a dental or other health care facility. The kit  10 , in the illustrated embodiment, includes items for saliva sample collection, preparation, and dispensing. A saliva testing device  100  is included to receive dispensed portions of a collected saliva sample at respective test areas of the device. The construction and layout of the testing device  100  can vary among embodiments thereof. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG.  1   , the testing device  100  has a planar card or board form upon which multiple colorimetric and lateral flow test areas are provided. The testing device  100  may be constructed, for example, of stiff absorbing paper or pressed fibrous material. As in  FIG.  2 A , the testing device  100  may also be constructed with a casing  110  surrounding the testing device and including openings in a surface thereof to allow a user to access and view the test areas  127 ,  134 . For example, the testing device  100  may include a plastic casing  110  having dispensing portion  130  exposed through cutouts, the cutouts indicating where to dispense portions of the collected saliva sample and/or allowing a user to see the reactions within the testing areas  127 ,  134 . A casing  110  may add to the rigidity, durability, and longevity of a testing device  100  and protect the test areas. Openings in the casing  110 , such as those surrounding dispending portions  130  and testing areas  127  in  FIG.  2 A , may help direct dispensed samples into the respective test areas. Indeed, the casing  110  may prevent a saliva sample meant to be dispensed in one test area from inadvertently entering another test area, which may already have a sample. Cutouts in the casing  110  may help provide indications of which portions of the test area are dispensing portions by separating a dispensing portion  130  and the other portion where reactions will be generated  134 , as shown in  FIG.  2 A . 
     In the embodiment of  FIG.  1   , each test area includes, or is itself marked by, a box to guide a user in delivering respective portions of a collected sample. These marked dispensing portions of the test area might represent all or just a portion of a respective test area. A respective color response may develop as prompted by the presence and attributes of a respective delivered portion of the sample at each colorimetric test area. A color response expresses the result of each attribute-based test. Thus, multiple colorimetric tests are conducted with the saliva testing device  100 . Similarly, one or more respective indicators  150  ( FIG.  2 A ) may develop as prompted by the presence and attributes of a respective delivered portion of the sample at each lateral flow assay (LFA) test area. The presence of the indicator  150  and/or its positioning within the test area expresses the results of one or more attribute-based tests, as in  FIG.  2 A . Thus, multiple LFA tests are conducted with the saliva testing device  100 . The color responses and generated indicators are analyzed by a software application or program  400 , also referred to as the testing platform herein, on a computing device  300 , such as the user&#39;s phone, tablet, or laptop, by use of a color picture  200  taken of the testing device  100  after it has reacted with the dispensed samples. To conduct the multiple tests, a user dispenses a prescribed amount of saliva sample on each marked dispensing portion of the test area. These marked dispensing portions of the test area might encompass all or just a portion of a respective test area. For example, the dispensing portion comprises the entire colorimetric test areas  121 - 126 , marked by the boxes, and the smaller respective boxes  130  of the LFA test areas  131 - 133  as referenced in  FIG.  2   . Note that, while boxes are shown, the dispensing portions might be indicated through markings of other shapes. Also, in  FIG.  2 A , dispensing portion  130  is for the LFA test area  134 , which generates indicators  150  and, for the colorimetric test areas  127 , the dispensing portion thereof encompasses all of the respective test area  127 . 
     The kit  10 , in the illustrated embodiment of  FIG.  1   , also includes a vial  20  into which a saliva sample can be delivered by a user. The vial  20  may have markings to indicate whether a sufficient prescribed amount of sample is collected in the vial. The vial  20  may also have markings to indicate a prescribed amount of sample to be dispensed in each dispensing portion. The kit  10  may further include additional collection aids such as a funnel  30  or cup. The kit  10 , as illustrated in  FIG.  1   , also includes a dropper  40  for use by a user to deliver drops of saliva sample to the dispensing portions of test areas of the testing device  100 . For example, a prescribed number of drops can be delivered to each test area from the vial  20  using the dropper  40 . The dropper  40  may also include markings indicating a prescribed amount of sample to be dispensed for each sample, as in  FIG.  1   . Thereby, a user may fill a dropper and dispense the amount for each test through identification based on markings or by the numbers of drops. The vial  20 , funnel  30 , and dropper  40  may be sterile, in embodiments, to prevent contamination and/or inaccurate results. The use of the vial  20  and dropper  40 , where a first volume of saliva is collected and a second volume is taken from the first to be dispensed in the test areas provides an efficient means to ensure samples are obtained under the same conditions. Thereby, the precision of the results might be enhanced. 
     The kit  10  may further include instructions  50  in text and/or graphical form. The instructions  50  may be included upon the exterior or interior of a package  60 , represented diagrammatically in  FIG.  1    as a box. Instructions  50  may also, or alternatively, be included as an item in the kit  10 . The instructions may include markings for scanning and automated information access, such as bar codes and QR codes, by which a computing device  300  ( FIG.  4   ), such as a mobile phone or tablet, can access information, and/or download and update an application or program  400  ( FIG.  5   ), such as the testing platform. The information and/or application  400 , such as the testing platform, performs colorimetric and LFA analysis of images taken of the testing device  100  after an amount of saliva sample has been dispensed to the test areas and the reactions of each test area are complete. 
     Regarding the use of the testing device  100 , a respective test can be conducted at each of the areas  121 - 126 , in each of which a result is evidenced by a change of color, for example by a color reagent sensitive to a particular biomarker, at the dispensing portion—where an amount of saliva sample is deposited by the user.  FIG.  3    represents the discernible response of each test area  121 - 126  as a shade or pattern for purposes of distinction and description. This should be taken as a non-limiting example. In other examples within the scope of these descriptions and drawings, the response of each test area can appear as a shading, a coloration, a pattern, and/or any combination of these or other visible or optically discernible responses. Additionally, a respective test can be conducted at each of the areas  131 - 133  by lateral flow assay (LFA). Each test area  131 - 133  has a respective marked dispensing portion  130  (shown in  FIG.  2   ) where a sample is to be delivered by a user. Lateral flow of the sample from the deposition spot causes a discernible response along or within a strip area of the respective test area.  FIG.  3    shows the response of each test area  131 - 133  as a visible indicator band within the respective strip area. This should be taken as a non-limiting example. In other examples within the scope of these descriptions and drawings, the response of the strip area can appear as a shading, a coloration, a pattern, and/or any combination of these or other visible or optically discernible responses. Indeed, multiple test indicators and/or the location of generated indicators within the test areas may offer different discernible responses, allowing multiple tests to be performed on a single sample provided in a dispensing area of the testing device. 
     Particular non-limiting exemplary saliva-based tests that may be conducted by use of one or more of the colorimetric test areas  121 - 126  and LFA test areas  131 - 133  include tests for pH, buffering capacity, total ammonia, and the detections of various specific biomarkers, such as enzymes, bacteria, viruses, proteins, and fungi. Particular non-limiting examples of biomarkers discernable by the test areas include glucosyltransferase,  Streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus , human papillomavirus (such as HPV 16 or 18),  candida, Porphyromonas gingivalis , C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6),  Atopobium parvulum, Eubacterium sulci, Fusobacterium periodonticum , and  Solobacterium moorei —one of more of which may be detectable using commercially available antibodies and/or color reagents. Alternatively, certain test areas may utilize specially developed antibodies or color reagents to react to attributes of the saliva sample, such as the presence and/or concentration of compounds or biomarkers. For example, the shading of a color change generated by a color reagent in a colorimetric test may be darker in the presence of a higher concentration of a particular compound, such as one of the biomarkers. In an additional example, the placement or number of indicators generated by an LFA test may result from the concentration of a particular compound. 
     Some latency may be expected for the color responses and/or indicators of the test areas to develop. Furthermore, accurate test results may rely upon prompt action after development of a color response or generation of an indicator. The user may be instructed as to the proper time window for action, e.g., the capture of an image  200  of the testing device  100 , following complete distribution of the respective sample portions to the test areas. The instructions included with the kit  10  and/or information from the testing platform  400  may make user aware of any time windows for test area reactions. For example, the testing platform  400  may include instructions for a user to add saliva samples to dispensing portions of test areas in a particular order and/or timers to indicate when to distribute samples to dispensing portions and/or when to capture an image  200 . 
     After a user has conducted the multiple tests, an image  200  of the testing device  100  is taken showing the generated responses of the test areas. For example, a user may take a color image  200  using his or her computing device  300 , such as a tablet or mobile phone as represented in  FIG.  4   . The user activates a software application or program  400  ( FIG.  5   ), such as the testing platform, which may for example be installed and running on the mobile device. The application or program  400  analyzes the image  200  of the developed sample reactive device  100  to generate results  410  ( FIG.  6   ) based on the generated color changes and indicators from an algorithm and/or AI. 
     Preceding or otherwise in conjunction with the colorimetric analysis, in some examples, the application or program  400  conducts a colorimetric and/or LFA calibration by use of a color palette  140  provided on the testing device  100 . The color palette  140  is represented in the drawings as a series of shaded boxes for purposes of distinction and description. The color palette  140  in implementation of the testing device  100  can include any arrangement or number of colored markings and indicators. 
     The application or program  400  conducts calibration using one or more separate images of the color palette  140 , or the portion of the testing device image  200 , showing the color palette  140  to measure, adjust, and/or compensate for the color response of the particular device  300  device, the state or settings of which may otherwise vary among devices, users, and user preferences. The calibration is thus used to normalize various devices and settings to assure accurate results from colorimetric and LFA analyses. 
     The application or program  400  further generates and displays test results  410  as represented in  FIG.  6   . The particular metrics represented in  FIG.  6    are provided for example purposes only and are non-limiting. These and other metrics may be provided as results of colorimetric and LFA analyses of an image taken of the developed test areas of the testing device  100 . In certain embodiments, the application or program  400  may also ask a user to input certain information or confirm they have taken certain actions to increase the accuracy of test results generated, such as part of the accepting user input step  508  in  FIG.  8   . For example, the user may have to confirm they have not ingested any food or drink item for a particular period which might influence the test. In some embodiments, the application or program  400  may prompt a user to input or confirm information before providing instructions or timers related to the testing or before capturing an image of the testing device  100 , such as part of analyzing the image with the testing platform step  516  in  FIG.  8   . Instructions  50  may also provide information relating to actions which improve accuracy of the test results. The application or program  400  may further provide instructions related to the capture of the image, such as instructions related to the positioning of the imaging sensor of the computing device relative to the testing device or the lighting provided to illuminate the testing device. For example, the application or program  400  may instruct a user to move an imaging sensor closer to a testing device or utilize a flash feature to capture a better image of the testing device. 
     Through the use of the application or program  400 , rapid user-location test results  410  are provided in embodiments. Thus, at-home saliva testing can be conducted to analyze one or more of pH, buffering capacity, total bacteria levels, Red Blood Cell (RBC) levels, White Blood Cell (WBC) levels, total protein levels, total gram-negative bacteria levels and total ammonia. Further tests that can also be conducted include the detection of glucosyltransferase,  Streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus , human papillomavirus (such as HPV 16 or 18),  candida, Porphyromonas gingivalis , C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6),  Atopobium parvulum, Eubacterium sulci, Fusobacterium periodonticum , and  Solobacterium moorei . The tests results may be used to determine oral health parameters, providing insight into possible issues and solutions. For example, the test results may provide screening for potential oral cancer. 
     All tests, and test areas, may utilize one or more of colorimetric analysis or LFA. For example, the total bacteria level may be determined by a test area using colorimetric analysis, LFA analysis, or both. Further, it is foreseen that tests, and test areas may utilize combined LFA to provide additional variable detail to the results. For example, WBC levels may be tested with a single LFA, to determine total WBC levels, or with a combined LFA, to determine levels of various WBC types. In instances of combined LFA test areas, results may be generated by multiple indicators and/or their positioning within the test area, in certain embodiments. Moreover, the tests, and test areas, may utilize one or more specially crafted or commercially available antibodies or color reagents. For example, test areas for determining RBC levels may utilize commercially available anti-RBC antibodies with an LFA to provide test results. 
     Use of the kit  10  with the application or program  400  provides quantitative indices through simple procedures as described herein that the patient can confidently conduct. Optionally, test results may be verified or further provided by additional analysis of the image  200  or metrics thereof by submission of the image  200  or related data to a central computing system, for example by upload across the internet or any suitable network or connectivity. Optionally, the application or program  400  may be web-based or provided on a separate computing device  320  accessed by a user&#39;s computing device  310  through a network  330 , as in  FIG.  9   . 
     In embodiments, the user computing device  300  may include an imaging sensor  311 , processing module  313 , memory module  315 , network communication module  312 , user input module  314 , and display module  316  electronically connected through at least one bus  317 , as shown in  FIG.  9   . In additional embodiments, one or more of the components of the user computing device  310  may be externally electronically connected. In embodiments, the computing device  310  may be in communication with remote computing devices  320 , such as a central computing system, through a network  330 —as in  FIG.  9   . The remote computing devices  320  may also comprise one or more remote network accessible memory modules, such as a cloud-based server. In certain examples, the imaging sensors  311  of the user computing device  300  are used to capture an image  200  of the testing device  100 . The captured image  200  may be stored in the memory module  316  of the computing device  300  and accessed by the application or program  400  during analysis. The user computing device  300  may include a network communication module  312  so that the image  200  and/or the results may be shared with a remote computing device  320 , such as a central computing system, in particular embodiments. 
     In embodiments, the user computing device  300  may access the application or program  400  from the memory module  315  of the user computing device  310  or through the network communication module  312 , such as when the testing platform is stored in network accessible memory on a remote computing device  320 . In embodiments, the test results  410  may include time and date data and be stored in the memory module  315  of the user computing device  310  or a remote computing device  320 , such as through the network communication module  312 . The application or program  400  may use the time and date data to generate trend identifiers  420 , such as graphs or informational indicators, showing the progression of the results for a particular test, as in  FIG.  7   . The trend identifiers  420  may provide additional information to help determine oral health parameters, providing insight into possible issues and solutions—including the effectiveness of treatments. Additionally, the results  410 , trend identifiers  420 , and any other information and/or requests displayed to a user by the application or program  400  may be displayed on a display module  316  of the user computing device  310  in embodiments. The display module  316  may be integrated or separately electronically connected to the user computing device in embodiments. 
     The application or program  400 , kit  10 , and/or testing device  100  may be provided, in whole or in part, to consumers via online offer or sales and subsequent delivery or pick up, at a point-of-sale, and at a care facility such as a dentist&#39;s office. These should be taken as non-limiting examples. In at least one example, the kit  10  and/or testing device  100  are provided during, after, or before a visit to a dental health care facility. The application or program  400  can be provided with the kit  100  and/or device  100 , for example on a non-transitory computer-readable medium by which the application or program  400  can be installed on a user computing device  310 . The application or program  400  may be downloaded or otherwise acquired through the internet or any suitable network or connectivity. For example, download instructions may be included with the kit  10 , such as by instructions  50 , or online via an address provided with the kit  10  and/or testing device  100  itself. The kit  10 , or testing device  100  itself, may include download instructions for manual use by the user or in the form of, for example, bar codes and/or QR codes by which a computing device, such as a tablet or mobile phone, can automatically access information, and/or download and update the application or program. 
       FIGS.  4 - 6    referencing a mobile device are also more generically a diagrammatic representation of a computing device. As shown in the example of  FIG.  9   , a computing device  300  includes components such as a processor  313 , a storage device or memory  315 . The network communication module  312  can comprise a communications controller that facilitates data input and output to a radio. The user input module  314  can include devices such as a keyboard or other buttons facilitate interface with a user. Examples of input devices include, but are not limited to, alphanumeric input devices, mice, electronic styluses, microphones, and scanners. In addition to the display module  316  of the computing device  300 , the computing device  300  might also utilize one or more of signal generation devices (e.g., speakers) and printers to output information to a user. These devices may be internal or externally electronically connected with the user computing device  300 . For example, a system bus  317  or other link interconnects the components of the computing device in embodiments. A power supply, which may be a battery or voltage device plugged into a wall or other outlet, powers the computing device  300  and its onboard components. 
     By way of example, and not limitation, the processor may be a general-purpose microprocessor such as a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinations thereof that can perform calculations, process instructions for execution, and other manipulations of information. 
     The storage device or memory module  315  may include but is not limited to: volatile and non-volatile media such as cache, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory or other solid state memory technology, disks or discs or other optical or magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store computer readable instructions and which can be accessed by the processor. In at least one example, the storage device or memory module of the depicted computing device is or includes a non-transitory medium upon which computer readable instructions are stored. Upon the processor reading and executing the computer readable instructions, the depicted computing device conducts a method of colorimetric and LFA analysis of a color image as described herein and displays results for user viewing on a display as represented in  FIG.  6   . 
     Computer readable instructions may include program code, or instructions, for conducting operations for aspects of the present invention which may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computing device, partly on the user&#39;s computing device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computing device and partly on a remote computing device or entirely on the remote computing device, or server. In the latter situation scenario, the remote computing device may be connected to the user&#39;s computing device through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
     These computer readable instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that when executed can direct a computing device, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions when stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which when executed, to cause a computing device to implement the function/act specified in a flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. The computer readable instructions may also be loaded onto a computing device, other programmable instruction execution apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computing device, other programmable apparatuses or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computing device or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in a flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated and described herein in any of a number of patentable classes or contexts including any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or combining software and hardware implementation that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module,” “component,” “system,” or “unit,” in certain contexts. Furthermore, aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product comprising one or more computer readable media having computer readable program code embodied thereon. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present inventive subject matter. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. 
     It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on” another element or layer, the element or layer can be directly on another element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     Embodiments of the inventive subject matter are described herein with reference to plan and perspective illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments of the inventive subject matter. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, the inventive subject matter should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of objects illustrated herein, but should include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. Thus, the objects illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive subject matter. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present inventive subject matter. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this present inventive subject matter belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. The terms “plurality” and “multiple” are used herein to refer to two or more of the referenced items. Although any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presently disclosed subject matter, representative methods, devices, and materials are now described. 
     In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typical preferred embodiments of the inventive subject matter and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the inventive subject matter being set forth in the following claims. 
     Particular embodiments and features have been described with reference to the drawings. The description of the present invention and particular embodiments and features has been presented for purposes of illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is to be understood that these descriptions are not limited to any single embodiment or any particular set of features, and that similar embodiments and features may arise or modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of these descriptions and the spirit of the appended claims.