Patent Publication Number: US-11036372-B2

Title: Interface scanning for disabled users

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/785,375 filed on Oct. 16, 2017 and published on Feb. 8, 2018 as U.S. Patent Publication No. U.S. 2018-0039395, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,843 filed on Mar. 1, 2013 and issued on Oct. 17, 2017 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,792,013, which claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/757,052, filed Jan. 25, 2013, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices for physically-impaired users and, more specifically, to electronic devices that allow a motor-impaired user to navigate a computer interface. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Various types of input devices, such as keyboards, mice, track pads, touch screens, and the like, have been developed to enable a user to interact with a computing device. While these traditional input devices provide users with a quick and intuitive way to interact with a computing device, they all require a significant amount of movement by the user. This presents a problem for physically-impaired users that lack the fine motor skills required to operate such input devices. For example, some physically-impaired users are unable to move a finger across the surface of a touch screen device and thus, cannot operate a touch-sensitive device, such as a tablet computer. Similar problems can arise with the use of a keyboard or mouse. 
     Thus improved input devices and methods are desired for physically-impaired users. 
     SUMMARY 
     This relates to techniques for scanning a user interface. One process can include scanning multiple elements within a user interface by highlighting the elements. The process can further include receiving a selection while one of the elements is highlighted and performing an action on the element that was highlighted when the selection was received. The action can include scanning the contents of the selected element or performing an action associated with the selected element. The process can be used to navigate an array of application icons, a menu of options, a standard desktop or laptop operating system interface, or the like. The process can also be used to perform gestures on a touch-sensitive device or mouse and track pad gestures (e.g., flick, tap, or freehand gestures). 
     Systems and computer-readable storage media for performing the processes described above are also disclosed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary scanning system according to various examples. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary user interface according to various examples. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary grouping of elements of a user interface according to various examples. 
         FIG. 4  shows an exemplary hierarchy of elements according to various examples. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary process for defining and grouping elements of a user interface according to various examples. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary process for scanning elements of a user interface according to various examples. 
         FIGS. 7-51  illustrate exemplary user interfaces showing various functions that can be performed using the process of  FIG. 6  according to various examples. 
         FIG. 52  illustrates an exemplary computing system for scanning a user interface according to various examples. 
         FIGS. 53-55  illustrate exemplary personal devices that can be used to scan a user interface according to various examples. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description of the disclosure and examples, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which it is shown by way of illustration specific examples that can be practiced. It is to be understood that other examples can be practiced and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. 
     This relates to techniques for scanning a user interface. One process can include scanning multiple elements within a user interface by highlighting the elements. The process can further include receiving a selection while one of the elements is highlighted and performing an action on the element that was highlighted when the selection was received. The action can include scanning the contents of the selected element or performing an action associated with the selected element. The process can be used to navigate an array of application icons, a menu of options, a standard desktop or laptop operating system interface, or the like. The process can also be used to perform gestures on a touch-sensitive device or mouse and track pad gestures (e.g., flick, tap, or freehand gestures). Systems and computer-readable storage media for performing the processes described above are also disclosed. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary scanning system  100  that allows a motor-impaired user to navigate a computer interface of computing device  102 . System  100  may generally include a computing device  102  communicatively coupled to input device  104 . Computing device  102  can include any type of computing device, such as desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, mobile phone, portable media player, or the like. Computing device  102  can also include a display for displaying a user interface. 
     Input device  104  can include any type of input device, such as a track pad, touch sensitive display, mouse, single-button switch, multi-button switch, camera, infrared (IR) proximity sensor, audio sensor, breath sensor, joystick, or the like, capable of detecting an input from a user indicating that the user is making a selection. For example, input device  104  can include one or more push-buttons having a compressed state and an uncompressed state, a image sensor configured to detect movement of a user (e.g., blinking or movement of the user&#39;s head), an IR proximity sensor configured to detect an object within a threshold distance from the sensor, a track pad or touch screen configured to detect the presence of an object (e.g., a user&#39;s hand placed on or near the surface of the device), an audio sensor configured to detect a sound having a predetermined characteristic (e.g., volume, pitch, or the like), a breath sensor to measure air pressure blown into a straw, a pressure sensor to detect depression of a button, an accelerometer to detect movement of a joystick, a sensor to detect the amount of displacement of a joystick, or the like. In some examples, input device  104  can be configured to output sensor data to computing device  102  where it can be processed to determine if a selection has been made by the user. In other examples, input device  104  can be configured to process the sensor data to determine if a selection has been made by the user. In yet other examples, both input device  104  and computing device  102  can be configured to process the sensor data to determine if a selection has been made by the user. 
     Input device  104  can be coupled using any wired or wireless technology to transmit an output signal (e.g., sensor data and/or an indication of whether or a not a user selection has been received) to computing device  102 . For example, a wired connection, such as a USB cable, audio cable, or the like, or a wireless connection, such as Bluetooth, WiFi, NFC, IR, or the like, can be used to communicate between input device  104  and computing device  102 . In other examples, input device  104  can be included within computing device  102 . For example, computing device  102  can be a tablet computer and input device  104  can be a touch sensor of a touch-sensitive display of the tablet computer. 
     Computing device  102  can display a user interface having one or more elements that can be selected by a user (e.g., by hovering over the element and clicking a mouse button or touching a location of the element on a touch sensitive display). These selectable elements can include, for example, icons corresponding to apps, hyperlinks, items in a menu bar, a section of a display, and the like. To illustrate,  FIG. 2  shows an exemplary interface  200  having selectable elements (e.g., application icons)  201 - 223 . Each selectable element  201 - 223  can be selected (e.g., by touching a location of the element on a touch sensitive display) by a user to perform an action associated with the selectable element. While elements  201 - 223  are visible within interface  200 , it should be appreciated that interface  200  can further include elements that are not visible (e.g., elements that may be displayed in response to a particular event, such as receiving a user input). 
     In some examples, the selectable elements of the user interface can be grouped into sets of one or more selectable elements, which in turn can be a selectable element itself. The sets of selectable elements can be grouped in any desired fashion to include any number of selectable elements. For example,  FIG. 3  illustrates exemplary interface  300  showing one possible grouping of the selectable elements of interface  200 . In particular, each row of selectable elements can be grouped into sets of elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319 . Each set can be treated as a selectable element that contains sub-elements corresponding to elements  201 - 223 . Thus, with this particular grouping, interface  300  can include six elements in the form of sets  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319 , with each element corresponding to a different row of elements  201 - 223 . These elements can further include their own sub-elements, each sub-element corresponding to an element  201 - 223 . In the illustrated example, elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 , and  319  each include four sub-elements (corresponding to individual elements  201 - 223 ), while element  317  includes three sub-elements (corresponding to individual elements  201 - 223 ). Thus, an element can refer to any item that can be selected within a display. In some examples, the element can include multiple sub-elements, each of which can also be selected by a user. These sub-elements can also include sub-elements of their own, and so on. This hierarchy structure of elements and sub-elements can be expanded to any desired level and the grouping at each level of the hierarchy can be performed in any desired manner. Moreover, an element can be a sub-element of more than one element. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an exemplary view of the hierarchy  400  of elements of interface  300 . At the top or highest level of hierarchy  400  are elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319 . Each of these elements contains sub-elements corresponding to elements  201 - 223  at the bottom or lowest level of the hierarchy. Thus, moving up a level in the element hierarchy refers to accessing or interacting with a hierarchy level closer to the top of the hierarchy, while moving down a level in the element hierarchy refers to accessing or interacting with a hierarchy level closer to the bottom of the hierarchy. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary process  500  for grouping elements within a user interface. At block  501 , a plurality of elements within a user interface can be defined. These elements can be defined in any manner, and can include any selectable items within a display, such as icons corresponding to apps, hyperlinks, items in a menu bar, a section of a display, or the like. At block  503 , two or more of the elements can be grouped together to form a set of elements. The elements can be grouped in any desired manner and based on any desired characteristic. For example, the elements can be grouped based on location within the user interface or based on some logical relationship between the elements. In some examples, the grouping criteria used at block  503  can be selected automatically by the device. In other examples, a user can define the grouping criteria or can manually group elements within a display using, for example, a graphical user interface (GUI) application. 
     In some examples, process  500  can be performed by the user&#39;s computing device such that the device can dynamically define and group elements within any user interface displayed on the device. In other examples, the user device or another computing device can define and group the elements of a user interface and store the element and grouping information in a file associated with the user interface such that any devices subsequently displaying the interface can access the defined elements and groupings. In yet other examples, content authors can define and group the elements of a user interface either implicitly (e.g., with the &lt;p&gt; tag in HTML) or explicitly (e.g., with an attribute tag to define groupings for scanner software). 
     Interface  200  shows an example of an interface after block  501  of process  500  has been performed. In this example, 23 elements have been defined, each corresponding to an element  201 - 223  displayed within the interface. Interface  300  shows an example of interface  200  after block  503  of process  500  has been performed. In this example, the 23 elements of interface  200  have been grouped based on location within the user interface (e.g., based on their location within a row of elements), thereby forming six sets of elements. These six sets of elements can also be treated as elements themselves, as mentioned above. 
       FIG. 5  can alternatively be performed by defining the elements in the highest level of the hierarchy at block  501  (e.g., elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319 ), and then dividing these elements into sub-elements (e.g., the individual elements  201 - 223 ) at block  503  to produce the same hierarchically structured set of elements. 
     As will be described in detail below with respect to  FIGS. 6-51 , computing device  102  can be configured to “scan” (e.g., iteratively focus) through elements displayed within the user interface. Computing device  102  can be further configured to select any of the elements in response to an input received by input device  104  while the particular element is being scanned, thereby allowing a user to interact with any of the elements in the user interface using one or more inputs (e.g., button press, mouse click, tap on a touch sensitive surface, voice command, movement of a part of the users body, or the like). This is particularly useful for disabled users that are unable to operate input devices requiring motion and careful coordination, such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch sensitive display. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary process  600  for scanning through elements of a user interface displayed by a computing device. Process  600  can be performed by any computing device, such as computing device  102  of system  100 , having or being associated with an input device, such as input device  104  of system  100 . Process  600  can be performed on an interface containing one or more elements that have been defined and/or grouped using a process similar or identical to process  500 , described above. As will be described in greater detail below with respect to block  603 , process  600  can be used to automatically scan through elements (e.g., scanning is done without user input) of a user interface or manually scan through elements (e.g., scanning to the next element is done in response to a user input) of the user interface. 
     Process  600  can begin at block  601 , where the next element of the current set of elements can be highlighted. In some examples, at the start of process  600 , the current set of elements can be selected to be the group of elements corresponding to the highest level of the element hierarchy (e.g., the group of elements that includes all sub-elements) within the currently displayed user interface. For instance, using interface  300  shown in  FIG. 3  as an example, elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319  can correspond to the highest level of hierarchy  400  since they include all sub-elements (individual elements  201 - 223 ) of the interface. 
     Additionally, during the initiation of process  600 , the next element of the current set of elements can be chosen to be any of the elements within the current set of elements. For example, the next element can be chosen based on a location of the element within the displayed user interface (e.g., element closest to the top of the interface, closest to the left of the interface, or the like). Using interface  300  as an example, during the initiation of process  600 , the initial “next element” can be chosen to be element  309  since it is closest to the top of the user interface. In other examples, the elements of the current set of elements can have an order based on any desired characteristic, such as a location within the user interface, logical ordering, or the like, and the “next element” can be chosen at block  601  based on this ordering. For instance, one example ordering of elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319  can be  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and then  319 . This example ordering is based on location of the elements within the user interface, starting from the top of the user interface and ending at the bottom of the user interface. In other examples, the ordering can be user-defined (e.g., by the user of the device or content author). 
     The highlighting of the next element performed at block  601  can include any change in a visual characteristic of the element or associated with the element, audible notification, vibration, other tactile cues, or any other technique to emphasize an element to demonstrate focus. For example, to highlight an element, a box can be drawn around the element, a color of the element can be changed, a brightness of the element can be changed, or a size of the element can be changed. 
     As an example of the operation performed at block  601 ,  FIG. 7  illustrates an interface  700  having an exemplary highlighting  701  of an element. In this example, the next element was chosen to be element  309  of interface  300 . However, it should be appreciated that any of the other elements of interface  300  could have been chosen as the initial “next element” used at block  601 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , highlighting  701  includes a box drawn around the element. Additionally, an opacity of the user interface bound by the box of highlighting  701  has been changed. However, as mentioned above, other types of highlighting can be used. 
     Once the next element of the current set of elements is highlighted, the process can proceed to block  603 . At block  603 , it can be determined whether or not a selection has been received while the highlighted element displayed at block  601  is being displayed. The selection can be received by an input device, such as input device  104 , and the selection can be identified using computing device  102  and/or input device  104 , as discussed above. 
     In some examples, process  600  can be used in an automatic scanning mode in which block  603  can be performed for a threshold length of time after the element is highlighted at block  601  such that any input received during the threshold length of time can trigger a positive determination at block  603 . The threshold length of time can be set to any value and can, in some examples, be set by the user of the computing device. For example, the threshold length of time can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, or more seconds. 
     In other examples, process  600  can be used in a manual scanning mode in which block  603  can be performed until a command is received from a user instructing the computing device to scan to the next element. For example, a first input from a user (e.g., from a first button on input device  104 ) can be interpreted as a selection, while a second input from the user (e.g., from a second button on the input device  104 ) can be interpreted as a “scan next” command, causing termination of block  603 . 
     If it is determined at block  603  that no selection has been received, the process can return to block  601 , where the next element of the current set of elements can be highlighted. For example,  FIG. 8  illustrates an interface  800  having an exemplary highlighting  801  of the next element in the interface. In this example, the next element was selected to be subset  311  of interface  300  since it is the next element in the example ordering provided above. However, it should be appreciated that other orderings of elements can be used to sequentially highlight elements in any desired order. In this way, blocks  601  and  603  can be repeatedly performed (in the absence of receiving a selection in an automatic scanning mode or in response to commands from the user to scan the next element in a manual scanning mode) to sequentially highlight each element of the user interface. This can also be referred to as “scanning” the user interface or “scanning” the elements within the user interface. In some examples, a threshold number of scanning cycles can be used to limit the number of times a group of elements can be scanned. After reaching the threshold number of scanning cycles, scanning can be ended. Scanning can resume after a threshold length of time or in response to a user input. In some examples, the scanning can resume at the highest level of the hierarchy or can resume where it left off. 
     Referring back to block  603  of process  600 , if it is instead determined that a selection has been received, then the process can proceed to block  605 . At block  605 , it can be determined if the selected element (e.g., the element that is highlighted when the selection is received) is associated with an escape command. If it is determined at block  605  that the selected element is associated with an escape command, then the process can proceed to block  613 . As will be discussed in greater detail below, the escape command can be used to escape the current hierarchy level of elements and instead scan the next highest level of the hierarchy. To illustrate the operation performed at block  605 , referring to the example shown in  FIG. 8 , if a selection was made while highlighting  801  was being displayed, it can be determined whether or not the selected element (element  311 ) is associated with an escape command. In this example, the determination returns a negative result since element  311  is not associated with an escape command and instead simply represents a grouping of elements  205 - 208 . As a result, process  600  can instead proceed to block  607 . 
     At block  607 , it can be determined whether the selected element (e.g., the element that is highlighted when the selection is received) includes sub-elements. This determination can be accomplished in various ways. For example, the computing device can evaluate the hierarchy structure of the elements (e.g., similar to that shown in  FIG. 4 ) to determine if the selected element contains sub-elements. If it is determined at block  607  that the selected element contains sub-elements, the process can proceed to block  609 . For example, referring to the example shown in  FIG. 8 , it can be determined whether or not the selected element (element  311 ) highlighted with highlighting  801  contains sub-elements. In this example, the determination returns a positive result since element  311  includes four sub-elements (e.g.,  205 - 208 ). Thus, process  600  can proceed to block  609 . 
     At block  609 , the selected element can be assigned as the current set of elements (since it contains a set of sub-elements) and the process can return to block  601  where an element of the new current set of elements can be highlighted. Performing block  609  has the effect of moving down a level in the element hierarchy. Thus, during the next iteration of process  600 , the sub-elements of the element previously selected at block  603  can be sequentially highlighted or scanned. For example,  FIG. 9  shows highlighting  903  of element  206  of the previously selected element  311 . In this example, each of the elements (e.g.,  205 - 208 ) of element  311  can sequentially be highlighted by highlighting  903 . In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the current set of elements can also be highlighted with highlighting  901 . In this example, highlighting  901  is similar to the previous highlighting  801 , except that the box outlining the element is dashed, rather than solid, and the opacity of the user interface bound by the box of highlighting  901  remains unchanged. 
     Referring back to block  607 , if it was instead determined that the selected element does not include sub-elements, the process can proceed to block  611 . For example, using  FIG. 9  as an example, if a selection was made while highlighting  903  was displayed around element  206 , it can be determined whether or not element  206  includes subsets of its own. In some examples, the determination can return a negative result since the element does not include additional sub-elements. Thus, the process can proceed to block  611 . As mentioned above, the elements of an interface can include sub-elements that are not displayed. However, for simplicity of discussion, it is assumed that element  206  does not include sub-elements in this example. 
     At block  611 , an action associated with the selected element can be performed. The action can be any action that was assigned to the selected element. For example, using  FIG. 9  again as an example, an action associated with element  206  can be to open the application associated with element  206 . 
     Thus, blocks  601 ,  603 ,  605 ,  607 ,  609 , and  611  can be viewed as operations that allow a user to select any selectable element within a user interface by activating one or more inputs (e.g., switch, button, etc.) by causing the computing device to sequentially highlight or scan the various elements within the display. In response to an activation of the single input while an element is highlighted, the computing device can interpret the input as a selection of that highlighted element. In the case where the highlighted element contains multiple sub-elements, activation of the input can cause the computing device to step down one level in the element hierarchy and sequentially highlight or scan the sub-elements of the selected element. This process can be repeated until the computing device highlights or scans to the desired element within the display. As should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the hierarchy or grouping of the elements within a display can be done to quickly navigate to a particular element without having to scan through every element within the display. Specifically, by providing varying levels of scanning granularity, users can quickly navigate down the element hierarchy to target the desired element. However, it can also be desirable to scan through each element within a display, in which case, no grouping of elements may be used. 
     While blocks  601 ,  603 ,  605 ,  607 ,  609 , and  611  allow a user to navigate down the element hierarchy, block  613  can be used to allow a user to navigate up the element hierarchy. For example, referring back to block  605  of process  600 , if it was instead determined that the selected element is associated with an escape command, the process can proceed to block  613 . For instance, in some examples, an element can include a sub-element associated with an escape command that can be interpreted by the computing device as an instruction to move up a level in the element hierarchy. To illustrate,  FIG. 10  shows highlighting  1001  around the entirety of element  311 . This highlighting can occur after each of the sub-elements (e.g., elements  205 - 208 ) within element  311  is individually highlighted. In other words, the entirety of element  311  can be thought of as a fifth sub-element (that was previously not displayed) of element  311 . Thus, each of the sub-elements (e.g., elements  205 - 208 ) and the entire element  311  can be sequentially highlighted or scanned in a circular fashion. In some examples, this fifth sub-element can be associated with an escape command to allow the user to navigate up a level in the element hierarchy to scan through elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319  again. In this example, if a selection was received at block  603  while highlighting  1001  was being displayed around element  311 , the fifth sub-element associated with the escape command becomes the selected element. Thus, a positive determination can be made at block  605  and the process can proceed to block  613 . Displaying the escape command as a selection of the entire element  311 , as shown in  FIG. 10 , is a space-efficient way of displaying such a command as it does not require the display of an additional element that would clutter the user interface. However, it should be appreciated that using the entire current set of elements as the sub-element associated with the escape command is just one way of displaying the escape element. In other examples, a separate sub-element or icon (e.g., an icon with an “X,” an icon with the word “Escape,” etc.) associated with the escape command can similarly be included within each element to allow the user to navigate up one level in the element hierarchy. 
     At block  613 , the previously used current set of elements can be used as the new current set of elements. The process can then return to block  601  where elements of the newly assigned current set of elements can be highlighted or scanned using blocks  601  and  603 . For instance, using the examples provided above, the current set of elements can include elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319  during the first execution of process  600 . Blocks  601  and  603  can cause the elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319  to be sequentially highlighted. In response to a selection (e.g., in response to a button press or the like) while element  311  is being highlighted, element  311  can be assigned as the new current set of elements at block  609 . As a result, process  600  can cause the sub-elements of element  311  to be sequentially highlighted at blocks  601  and  603  as shown in  FIG. 9 . In some examples, the sequential highlighting of sub-elements can include a highlighting of the sub-element associated with an escape command, as shown in  FIG. 10 . In this example, if a selection is received at block  603  while highlighting  1001  was being displayed around element  311 , the process can proceed to block  613 , where the previously used “current set of elements” can be used as the new “current set of elements.” In this example, the previously used “current set of elements” include elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319 . This has the effect of causing process  600  to again sequentially scan the elements  309 ,  311 ,  313 ,  315 ,  317 , and  319 , as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . 
     While specific examples of scanning through sets of selectable elements of an interface are provided above, it should be appreciated that numerous variations can be made. For example, as shown in interface  1100  of  FIG. 11 , one or more of the elements  201 - 223  can include sub-elements in the form of a menu of options that is only displayed in response to a selection made while scanning the particular element. In this example, a selection was received while highlighting the element  216 , causing process  600  to begin scanning the elements of menu  1103  of element  216 . Menu  1103  can include various options, such as “Activate,” “Scroll,” “Escape,” press the home button, perform gestures, perform device actions, change settings, and the like. It should be appreciated that any other selectable elements can be included within menu  1103 . Additionally, menu  1103  can be further divided into sub-elements (e.g., two sub-elements). The first sub-element can include the three elements in the top row, while the second sub-element can include the five elements in the bottom row of menu  1103 . These elements can be scanned in a manner similar to elements  201 - 223  described above. For example, interface  1200  of  FIG. 12  shows the scanning of the second sub-element  1203 . 
     In some examples, the elements of menu  1103  can further include sub-elements of their own. For example,  FIG. 13  illustrates some example sub-element menu  1303  that can be displayed and scanned in response to a selection of a selectable element of menu  1103 . In one example, menu  1303  can be a “perform device actions” menu and can include various device actions, such as decreasing the volume, increasing the volume, shaking, taking a screenshot, or simulate the physical activation of any other button or toggle on the device. These elements can be scanned in a manner similar to elements  201 - 223  and elements in menu  1103 , as described above. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates another exemplary interface  1400  that can be scanned using process  600 , described above. In this example, an element  1401  can include sub-elements grouped in any desired manner. For example, each physically grouped set of elements (e.g., “About,” “Software Update,” and “Usage”) can be grouped together as a sub-element of element  1401 . Each of these sub-elements can be scanned using process  600  as shown in interface  1500  of  FIG. 15 . In this illustrated example, sub-element  1501  is currently being highlighted. In response to a selection while sub-element  1501  is highlighted, the sub-elements within  1501  (e.g., “Auto-Lock” and “Passcode Lock”) can be scanned. As shown in interface  1600  of  FIG. 16 , in response to a selection while the “Passcode Lock” element is highlighted, a menu  1601  similar to that shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  can be displayed and scanned. 
     In some examples, menu  1601  can include a “Scroll” selectable element. In response to a selection received while the “Scroll” selectable element is highlighted, a scroll menu  1701 , shown in interface  1700  of  FIG. 17 , can be displayed having various selectable elements. These elements can be scanned using process  600 , allowing a user to scroll down, scroll up, scroll right, scroll left, auto scroll, scroll to the top edge, scroll to the bottom edge, scroll to the left edge, or scroll to the right edge. 
     For example, the “auto scroll” function associated with the “auto scroll” element can be provided to help the user easily read content that is in a scroll area (e.g., vertical or any other direction), a common occurrence in documents, webpages, and other textual content. This function can cause the content displayed within the user interface to scroll at a smooth, continuous pace to allow the user to read long-form documents without having to manually scroll the content. Thus, in response to a selection received while highlighting the “auto scroll” element, a second scroll menu  1801 , shown in interface  1800  of  FIG. 18 , can be displayed at the bottom of the user interface away from the content the user is attempting to read. The elements of scroll menu  1801  can be scanned using process  600 . In one example, scroll menu  1801  can be scanned a threshold number of times (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or more) before being removed from the interface. In response to a user input (e.g., received by input device  104 ), scroll menu  1801  can be displayed and scanned again. In some examples, the elements in scroll menu  1801  can allow the user to increase/decrease the auto scrolling speed, pause it, scroll to the top edge, scroll to the bottom edge, scroll to the left edge, or scroll to the right edge. 
     As mentioned above, process  600  can be used to perform gestures. In response to a selection of a gesture element (e.g., one of the elements in menu  1203 ), gesture menu  1903  shown in interface  1900  of  FIG. 19  can be displayed. Gesture menu  1903  can include various selectable elements corresponding to different gestures that can be performed. These selectable elements can be scanned using process  600 , allowing a user to perform gestures, such as tap, flick, pinch, pan, tap and hold, double tap, drag, freehand gesture, or adjust the number of fingers used to perform the gesture. An indicator  1905  can be displayed showing where the gesture can be performed. In this example, the empty circle used as indicator  1905  indicates that no selection is currently being made at the gesture location (e.g., a virtual finger is not held down on the display or a mouse button is not depressed). 
     In response to a selection while a “Tap and Hold” selectable element is highlighted, interface  2000  shown in  FIG. 20  can be displayed. In this interface, the selectable elements ( 201 - 223 ) can be wiggling, indicating that the user can move them using a hold and drag gesture. In this example, a “Stop” selectable element  2003  can displayed and scanned using process  600 . The previously displayed indicator  1905  can be replaced with indicator  2005  signifying that a virtual finger is being held down on the display (or a mouse button is being depressed with the mouse pointer at the location of indicator  2005 ). 
     In response to a selection while the “Stop” selectable element  2003  is highlighted, interface  2100  shown in  FIG. 21  can be displayed. Interface  2100  can include gesture menu  1903  and can be similar to interface  1900 , except the elements  201 - 223  in interface  2100  can be wiggling due to the previously performed “Tap and Hold” gesture. As shown in  FIG. 21 , indicator  1905  can again be displayed since the virtual finger has been removed from the display (or mouse button is no longer depressed). 
     In response to a selection of a “Drag” selectable element, interface  2200  of  FIG. 22  can be displayed to allow a selection of the destination of the “Drag” operation. In this example, interface  2200  can be been divided into one or more sections  2201  (e.g., nine sections). These sections can be formed using process  500 , with the sections  2201  being the plurality of elements defined at block  501 . These sections  2201  can be scanned using process  600  in a manner similar to that applied to elements  201 - 223  of the user interface described above. For example, the elements or sections corresponding to the highest level of the hierarchy can be the three rows of sections  2201 . These three rows of sections  2201  can be divided into sub-elements corresponding to each section  2201 . Thus, rows of sections  2201  can be scanned and in response to a selection of a row, sections  2201  within a row can be scanned using process  600 , as shown in interfaces  2200  and  2300  of  FIGS. 22 and 23 , respectively. 
     In some examples, scanning of interface  2200  can begin by displaying the sections  2201  (e.g., nine sections) overlaid on the user interface. Additionally, a selection indicator (e.g., crosshair) can be displayed within the center of the grid formed by sections  2201  (at the center of the center section  2201 ). The crosshair can be highlighted, allowing a user to make a selection of the crosshair. If no selection is made (or the user inputs a command to scan to the next element), the crosshair can be removed from the display and the rows of sections  2201  can be scanned (e.g., top row, middle row, then bottom row). If no selection is made while highlighting a row (or the user inputs a command to scan to the next element), the selection indicator can again be displayed and highlighted. This scanning rotation can be performed until a selection is made. 
     In some examples, in response to a selection of a row of sections  2201 , a selection indicator can be displayed within the center of the row of sections  2201  (at the center of the center section  2201 ). The crosshair can be highlighted, allowing a user to make a selection of the crosshair. If no selection is made (or the user inputs a command to scan to the next element), the crosshair can be removed from the display and the sections  2201  within the row can be scanned (e.g., left section  2201 , middle section  2201 , right section  2201 , then the entire row to provide a cancel command). If no selection is made while highlighting a section  2201  (or the user inputs a command to scan to the next element), the selection indicator can again be displayed and highlighted. This scanning rotation can be performed until a selection is made. In this example, the grid for the nine sections  2201  is still displayed after a selection of a row. In other examples, only the selected row may be displayed (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 25  where only the row of selected subsections  2403  is displayed). 
     In some examples, in response to a selection of a section  2201 , section  2201  can be further divided into one or more (e.g., nine) sub-elements or subsections  2403 , as shown in interface  2400  of  FIG. 24 . These subsections  2403  can be scanned in a manner similar to that described above for sections  2201  of interface  2200 , as shown in interfaces  2400 ,  2500 , and  2600  of  FIGS. 24, 25, and 26 , respectively. This subdivision of sections can be performed any desired number of times until a desired element can be selected. However, in some examples, a minimum subsection size can be imposed. In some examples, when the size of the subsections fall below a threshold size, a magnifying loupe can be displayed to allow the user to see the elements being selected. 
     During the grid scanning described above, if a selection is received while displaying and highlighting the selection indicator (e.g., crosshair  2605  in interface  2600 ), the selection can be interpreted as a selection (e.g., mouse click or finger press) made at the center of the indicator. 
     In response to a selection made while displaying a selection indicator, menu  2703  of interface  2700  shown in  FIG. 27  can be displayed. Menu  2703  can include various selectable option elements, such as “Drag” and “Cancel,” allowing the user to drag element  216  to the selected location or cancel the drag operation. 
     In response to a selection of a “Drag” selectable element, interface  2800  shown in  FIG. 28  can be displayed. As shown, element  216  is being dragged to the destination selected in  FIG. 26  and element  215  has been moved to the previous location of element  216 . 
     In some examples, a scanning settings menu can be provided to the user to customize the scanning performed using process  600 . For example, a settings interface  2900  shown in  FIG. 29  can include option  2901  to enable or disable the scanning feature, option  2903  to adjust the number of switches or input devices (e.g., input device  104 ) being used, option  2905  to enable or disable auto scanning (e.g., switch between manual or automatic scanning), option  2907  to adjust the scanning speed (e.g., threshold length of time that block  605  is performed in automatic scanning mode), option  2909  for selecting how many scanning cycles are performed through the elements of a set of elements, option  2911  for selecting the type of scanning (e.g., element scanning, such as that shown in  FIGS. 7-21 and 27-28 , or grid scanning, such as that shown in  FIGS. 22-26 ), and option  2913  to enable or disable grouping of elements (e.g., enabling or disabling block  503  of process  500 ). In some examples, the computing device can have a default grouping criteria that is used when performing block  503  of process  500 . For example, the device can group elements based on location. In other examples, a user can program the computing device to use desired grouping criteria when performing block  503  of process  500 . In yet other examples, the user can manually group the elements of an interface using, for example, a GUI application that allows the used to define which elements are to be grouped together. 
       FIG. 30  illustrates an exemplary settings interface  3000  for assigning switches to different actions. For example, selection of any of the options  3001  can cause a prompt to the user instructing the user to activate an input (e.g., press a button or switch on an input device) to be assigned to the action corresponding to the selection option  3001 . As a result, whenever the particular input is activated, the corresponding action can be performed. This can be a useful feature when the input device used includes more than one button or switch. Options  3001  can include various options, such as activate an item, open a notification center, open scanning settings menu, increase volume, stop scanning, move to the next element, home button, etc. 
       FIG. 31  illustrates an exemplary interface  3100  that illustrates the operation of process  600  to perform freehand gestures. Interface  3100  includes menu  3101  containing various selectable gesture elements. In response to a selection made while a “Freehand” selectable element is highlighted, interface  3200  shown in  FIG. 32  can be displayed. Interface  3200  can include indicator  3201  identifying the starting location of the freehand gesture and a pointing vector  3203  identifying the direction that the freehand motion will move. In this example, the hollow circle used for indicator  3201  indicates that the virtual finger or pen is not being applied to the surface of the display. Interface  3200  can further include options  3205  that can be scanned using process  600 . These options can include any type of options, such as draw, rotate, draw curve, auto press (e.g., press down whenever moving a virtual finger), auto lift (e.g., lift virtual finger when movement is stopped), increase movement speed, decrease movement speed, cancel, etc. 
     In response to a selection made when a rotate option is highlighted in options  3205 , interface  3300  shown in  FIG. 33  can be displayed. Interface  3300  can include the previously displayed indicator  3201  and pointing vector  3203  (not labeled) as well as turning arrows  3301  and  3303  and 90-degree rotation buttons  3305  and  3307 . Arrows  3301  and  3303  and 90-degree turning buttons  3305  and  3307  can be scanned using process  600  to allow a user to select a direction and amount of rotation of the pointing vector. 
     For example, in response to a selection made while 90-degree turning button  3305  is highlighted, interface  3400  shown in  FIG. 34  can be displayed. As shown in interface  3400 , the indicator  3201  (not labeled) has remained stationary, while the pointing vector  3203  (not labeled) has rotated 90 degrees in a clockwise direction. Had 90-degree rotation button  3307  been selected instead of button  3305 , pointing vector  3203  would have rotated 90 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction. 
     In response to a selection made while turning arrow  3301  is highlighted, interface  3500  shown in  FIG. 35  can be displayed. As shown in interface  3500 , pointing vector  3203  can begin rotating around indicator  3201  in the direction corresponding to the selected turning arrow. In this example, pointing vector  3203  begins and continually turns in the clockwise direction. Interface  3500  can further include “Stop” button  3501  that can be selected to stop rotation of pointing vector  3203  once the vector is pointing in the desired direction. Alternatively, pointing vector  3203  can rotate only while a selection is received. 
     In response to a selection made while “Stop” button  3501  is highlighted, interface  3600  shown in  FIG. 36  can be displayed. As shown in interface  3600 , indicator  3201  can be displayed in its stationary position while pointing vector can also be displayed in a stationary position pointing in a direction based on when the “Stop” button  3501  was selected in interface  3500 . Additionally, options  3205  can again be displayed and scanned using process  600 . 
     In response to a selection made while a move or draw button is highlighted in options  3205 , interface  3700  shown in  FIG. 37  can be displayed. As shown in interface  3700 , a line  3701  can be drawn originating from the previous location of indicator  3201  and moving in the direction indicated by pointing vector  3203 . Additionally, a current position indicator  3703  identifying the location of the most recently drawn portion of line  3701  line can be displayed. The circle within indicator  3703  can indicate that the virtual finger or pen is currently being applied to the display. This can be caused by the auto press option being selected. Interface  3700  can further include “Stop” button  3501  that can be selected to stop movement of indicator  3703 , thereby stopping the drawing of line  3701 . 
     In response to a selection made while “Stop” button  3501  is highlighted, interface  3800  shown in  FIG. 38  can be displayed. As shown in interface  3800 , indicator  3703  can be displayed in its stationary position with pointing vector  3203 . Additionally, options  3205  can again be displayed and scanned using process  600 . 
     In response to a selection made while a draw curve button is selected, interface  3900  shown in  FIG. 39  can be displayed. As shown in interface  3900 , line  3701  can be displayed along with indicator  3703 . In addition, curve arrows  3901  and  3903  can also be displayed and scanned using process  600 . 
     In response to a selection made while curve arrow  3903  is highlighted, interface  4000  shown in  FIG. 40  can be displayed. As shown in interface  4000 , line  3701  and indicator  3703  can be displayed. Additionally, a curved pointing vector  4003  can be displayed and line  3701  can be continually drawn along the curve defined by curved pointing vector  4003 . Interface  4000  can further include “Stop” button  3501  that can be selected to stop drawing line  3701  along the curve defined by curved pointing vector  4003 . 
     Using the various navigation options (e.g., drawing options) discussed above, drawings can be formed as shown in interfaces  4100  and  4200  shown in  FIGS. 41 and 42 , respectively. As shown in interface  4300  of  FIG. 43 , the auto press option can be deselected to allow movement of indicator  3201  without extending line  3701 . This allows movement of indicator  3201  to the position shown in interface  4400  of  FIG. 44 . Options  3205  can again by selected to draw a line as shown in interface  4500  of  FIG. 45 . 
     Interface  4600  shown in  FIG. 46  illustrates another exemplary use of process  600 . In this example, process  600  can be used to scan the keys of a virtual keyboard. As shown in  FIG. 46 , interface  4600  includes an element  4601  including multiple selectable virtual keys. This element  4601  of selectable virtual keys can be scanned in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the application icons of interface  300 . For example, as shown in interface  4700  of  FIG. 47 , element  4601  can be divided by rows into sub-elements including sub-element  4701  (containing a row of selectable virtual keys). As shown in interface  4800  of  FIG. 48 , each sub-element  4701  can be further divided into sub-elements of virtual keys containing either the left half or the right half of virtual keys in that row. In some examples, this grouping can be used as a default grouping. In other examples, a user can define how the virtual keys are to be grouped. As shown, subset  4801  includes the virtual keys on the right half of sub-element  4701 . As shown in interface  4900  in  FIG. 49 , the virtual keys within subset  4801  can be scanned using process  600 . 
     In some examples, a faster scanning mode can be used to scan a keyboard. In these examples, in response to a selection made while a key (e.g., the “N” key) is highlighted, the input can be interpreted as a selection of that letter. In other words, a menu, such as menu  1103 , may not be displayed requiring the user to “Activate” the element. This results in fewer selections being made to type a letter. Thus, in response to a selection made while a key (e.g., the “N” key) is highlighted, interface  5000  shown in  FIG. 50  can be displayed. As shown, the letter “N” has been displayed at the top of the notepad. Additionally, to allow a user to enter a menu that would normally be displayed in response to a selection of an element, an option button  5001  can also be displayed. This button  5001  can be scanned along with the element  4601  of virtual keys. In response to a selection made while button  5001  is highlighted, interface  5100  shown in  FIG. 51  can be displayed. Interface  5100  can include menu  5101  containing an “Alternate Key” selectable element that can be used to display alternate keys in place of the virtual keys of set  4601 . Menu  5101  can further include options similar or identical to options  1203  described above. 
     As can be seen by the examples provided above, process  600  can be used to navigate a touch sensitive mobile device, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, or the like, as well as non-touch sensitive devices, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, and the like. For example, the grid and keyboard scanning options can be used when using a laptop or desktop computer to emulate the use of a standard mouse and keyboard. Similarly, the element or grid scanning options can be used to navigate a touch-sensitive device, as illustrated by the examples provided above. 
     As should be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, any grouping of selectable elements, menus, and the like, can be organized in any desired manner using process  500  to be navigated using process  600 . 
     Additionally, in some examples, a user can generate their own panel (e.g., a virtual keyboard) using a GUI application having drag and drop functionality. In this way, the user can customize a panel of virtual buttons capable of being scanned using process  600 . Each virtual button can be customized to perform any desired function, such as type a particular letter, open an application, etc. The size, position, and grouping of the virtual buttons of the panel can also be adjusted using the GUI application. 
     One or more of the functions relating to scanning a user interface can be performed by a system similar or identical to system  5200  shown in  FIG. 52 . System  5200  can include instructions stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as memory  5203  or storage device  5201 , and executed by processor  5205 . The instructions can also be stored and/or transported within any non-transitory computer readable storage medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “non-transitory computer readable storage medium” can be any medium that can contain or store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (magnetic), a read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (magnetic), a portable optical disc such a CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, or DVD-RW, or flash memory such as compact flash cards, secured digital cards, USB memory devices, memory sticks, and the like. 
     The instructions can also be propagated within any transport medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “transport medium” can be any medium that can communicate, propagate or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The transport medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or infrared wired or wireless propagation medium. 
     In some examples, system  5200  can be included within computing device  102  and/or input device  104 . In these examples, processor  5205  can be coupled to receive an output signal from a sensor of input device  104 . As mentioned above, input device  104  can communicate its output using any wired or wireless communication technique. Processor  5205  can be configured to receive the output from a sensor of input device  104  and process the output as described above with respect to  FIG. 6  and process  600 . It is to be understood that the system is not limited to the components and configuration of  FIG. 52 , but can include other or additional components in multiple configurations according to various examples. 
       FIG. 53  illustrates an exemplary personal device  5300 , such as a tablet, that can perform scanning of a user interface according to various examples. 
       FIG. 54  illustrates another exemplary personal device  5400 , such as a mobile phone, that can perform scanning of a user interface according to various examples. 
       FIG. 55  illustrates an exemplary personal device  5500 , such as a laptop computer, that can perform scanning of a user interface according to various examples. 
     Therefore, according to the above, some examples of the disclosure are directed to a method comprising: highlighting a plurality of elements within a user interface, wherein at least one of the plurality of elements comprises a plurality of sub-elements; receiving a selection while the at least one of the plurality of elements is highlighted; and performing an action on the at least one of the plurality of elements. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, highlighting the plurality of elements can include changing a visual characteristic of the plurality of elements, generating an audible notification, or generating a vibration. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, highlighting the plurality of elements within the user interface can include sequentially highlighting the plurality of elements within the user interface. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the action performed on the at least one of the plurality of elements can include: highlighting a plurality of sub-elements of the at least one of the plurality of elements. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the method can further include: receiving a selection while a sub-element of the plurality of sub-elements is highlighted; and performing an action associated with the sub-element. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, highlighting the plurality of elements within the user interface can include: highlighting a first element of the plurality of elements; and highlighting a second element of the plurality of elements if the selection is not received within a threshold length of time or in response to an input from a user. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, highlighting the plurality of elements within the user interface can include: ceasing highlighting of the plurality of elements in response to highlighting the plurality of elements a threshold number of times; and resuming the highlighting of the plurality of elements after a threshold length of time or in response to a user input. 
     According to the above, other examples of the disclosure are directed to a method comprising: defining a plurality of elements within a user interface; grouping the plurality of elements into one or more sets of elements based on at least one characteristic associated with the plurality of elements within the user interface; and scanning the plurality of elements in accordance with the grouping of the plurality of elements. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, defining the plurality of elements within the user interface can include: identifying a plurality of selectable elements within the user interface; and defining the plurality of selectable elements as an element of the plurality of elements. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, defining the plurality of elements within the user interface can include: dividing the user interface into a plurality of sections; and defining the plurality of sections as an element of the plurality of elements. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the at least one characteristic associated with the plurality of elements can include a location of the plurality of elements within the user interface. 
     According to the above, other examples of the disclosure are directed to a method comprising: highlighting a first element within a user interface; determining whether a selection has been received while highlighting the first element; if the selection has been received while highlighting the first element, performing an action on the first element; and if the selection has not been received while highlighting the first element, highlighting a second element within the user interface. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the method further includes: determining whether the selection has been received while highlighting the second element; if the selection has been received while highlighting the second element, performing an action on the second element; and if the selection has not been received while highlighting the second element, highlighting a third element within the user interface. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the user interface can be a user interface of a touch sensitive device, and wherein the first element can include a first application icon and the second element comprises a second application icon. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the user interface can include a virtual keyboard, and wherein the first element can include a first virtual key and the second element can include a second virtual key. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the user interface can include a menu, and wherein the first element can include a first option and the second element can include a second option. 
     According to the above, other examples of the disclosure are directed to a method comprising: causing a display of an orientation indicator; causing a display of a plurality of navigation options; highlighting the plurality of navigation options; and causing a display of a positional indicator moving in a direction of the orientation indicator in response to receiving a selection while a move option from the plurality of navigation options is highlighted. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the plurality of navigation options can include a plurality of directional options, and wherein the method can further include: changing the orientation of the orientation indicator in response to receiving the selection while a directional option of the plurality of directional options is highlighted. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the plurality of directional options can include a clockwise turn button and counter-clockwise turn button, and wherein the orientation of the orientation indicator can be rotated in a direction associated with the clockwise turn button or the counter-clockwise button arrow in response to receiving the selection while the clockwise turn button or the counter-clockwise turn button is highlighted, respectively. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the plurality of directional options can include a clockwise turn button and counter-clockwise turn button, and wherein the orientation of the orientation indicator can rotate by a predetermined amount in a direction associated with the clockwise turn button or the counter-clockwise turn button in response to receiving the selection while the clockwise turn button or the counter-clockwise turn button is highlighted, respectively. 
     According to the above, other examples of the disclosure are directed to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for: highlighting a plurality of elements within a virtual keyboard, wherein the plurality of elements comprises a set of virtual keys of the virtual keyboard; receiving a selection while an element of the plurality of elements is highlighted; highlighting the virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element; receiving a selection while a virtual key is highlighted; and causing a display of a character associated with the virtual key. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can further include instructions for: highlighting, prior to highlighting the virtual keys, a first subset of virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element and a second subset of virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element; and receiving a selection while either the first subset of virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element or the second subset of virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element is highlighted, wherein highlighting the virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element comprises highlighting only the virtual keys of the subset that was highlighted when the selection was received. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, at least one virtual key of the virtual keyboard can include an alternate key option. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, highlighting the plurality of elements within the virtual keyboard can include sequentially highlighting each of the plurality of elements within the virtual keyboard for less than 1 second. Additionally or alternatively to one or more of the examples disclosed above, highlighting the virtual keys of the row of virtual keys of the selected element can include sequentially highlighting each of the virtual keys of the set of virtual keys of the selected element for less than 1 second. 
     Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the appended claims.