Patent Publication Number: US-2012043196-A1

Title: Versatile distillation cell

Description:
The Versatile Distillation Cell introduces and extends technical resources of the “Flexible Manufacturing Cell” (set of multifunctional integrated machines with flexible, easily interchangeable tools—already usual in several industries) in systems of mobile, modular, interchangeable distillation columns with internals (trays and others) fitted with variable geometry and positioning. Rapid structural change of mobile columns and variable control of liquid-vapor ratio in internals are integrated—thus enabling quick on site process diversification and adjustment with easy relocation. 
     The Cell ( 1 ) consists of a integrated set of functional sub-cells ( 100 ,  127 ,  200 ,  204 ,  207 ) comprising distillation columns ( 103  to  106 ,  125 ,  216  to  218 ), that can be composed of articulable modules ( 107  a  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  a  210 ), and can be on mobile platforms ( 119 ,  120 , 201 ) horizontally transported by road or other way, assembled, exchanged and vertically elevated for a distillation process, which is modifiable and adjustable, in real or quick process time, by variable liquid-vapor ratio control in internal column&#39;s components ( 301  a  360 ) of sets ( 1000  a  1015 ) fitted with variable form and positioning in: perforate tray with variable inclination ( 1000 ); foldable, perforated double tray ( 1001 ); concentric gyratory perforated tray ( 1002 ); variable control of opening of a bubble-cap or valve by solenoid ( 1003 ); variable control by iris diaphragm of individual holes and of the perforation of a tray ( 1004 ,  1005 ); variable control by pantographic retractile grid of individual holes and of the perforation of a tray ( 1006 , 1007 ); variable control of distance between trays and packings moving shaft ( 1008 ,  1009 ); magazine for quick changeover of trays ( 1010 ) and packings ( 1011 ); flexible distribution net for variable sparging flow of micro- or nanobubbles in trays ( 1012 ), as well as in packings, reflux inlet, liquid distributors and collectors ( 1013 ), and variable height control of downcomer&#39;s weirs ( 1014 ,  1015 ). After a distillation the sub-cells can lower columns, disassemble, reassemble and exchange columns, modules and internals for another local or relocated operation. 
     Prior Art, Limitations and New Demands 
     Distillation columns in chemical, oil, gas, bio-fuel, food, perfumes and other industries are in general designed for processing specific raw materials and final products. The aim is specialization and scale in continuous as well in discontinuous distillation processes. As such, distillation columns currently are immobile constructions on the soil of the industrial plant; the height and form of columns bodies are fixed as they depend on the numbers and spacing of the columns internals (trays, packings and others) that are rigidly build in for performing under the same distillation parameters during decades of a column lifetime. 
     Disadvantages of fixed and rigid columns are known: difficult transport, repair and maintenance; complicate process adjustments and informational control compared with other industries; process changes need often deep restructuring; interventions in one column can hinder entire systems or arrangements of columns in a plant; long lead time changes or adjustments increase waste of energy and other resources, and exclude several products and sub-products from profitable processing, among others. 
     Presently, new demands for versatile distillation seem to emerge: geographically decentralized agriculture and forestry, favoring policulture instead of large monoculture, offer diversified distillation materials, often distant from industrial plants; in chemical, perfume, food and other industries that use distillation, the interest is growing for customized, higher value differentiated products in smaller volume; environment sustainability demands more and more equipments that can treat diverse and dispersed distillable waste and pollutants. 
     Responding to these new demands, mini-refineries for ethanol and bio-diesel and small waste recycling facilities focus decentralized operations distant from the big industries, but remain specialized, fixed and rigidly constructed. Existing portable columns for distilling small quantities of water, wood, fragrances and oils are in general vertically placed on a vehicle—being the height an important transport restriction—and their external and internal construction remain rigid and specialized. These are not versatile, but only small, movable columns Rigidity, as a restriction to variable processing, remains a characteristic in hitherto presented improvements of trays, packings and other internals, aiming to optimization of the liquid-vapor ratio in distillation columns For instance, it is known that the micro- and nano-bubbles sparging process, today used in various industries, can enhance mass transfer yield (smaller vapor bubbles increase the contact area with liquid). However, the state of the art doesn&#39;t include a flexible distribution net of distillation vapor sparging in columns internals for variable control of the vapor-liquid ratio and enhanced mass transfer yield in diversified distillation processes, as here proposed. 
     As mentioned, flexible equipments are already adopted by industries other than distillation, as automotive, metalurgy, electronic etc. Particularly the “Flexible Mnufacturing Cell”—a set of multifunctional integrated machines, with easily intercheangeable components and tools fitted with variable geometry and position—combines SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die and Tools), automation and “lean production” in todays&#39; “agile production”, partially inspiring this invention. 
     INVENTION PROPOSAL AND OBJECTIVES 
     The invention aims to create versatility, as a combination of equipments flexibility, inspired in the “Flexible Manufacturing Cell”, by introducing real time variable geometry and positioning in trays and other internal components of distillation, with mobility and quick inter-exchangeability of modular column&#39;s systems and columns internals on a platform. The main objective is to enable quick diversification, real time adjustments and rapid relocation of distillation processes. 
     This objective is obtained by accumulating efficiency advantages of flexibility in partial innovations that can impact: every point in a tray or other internals where bubbling, or mass transfer, occurs; the whole set of such points in an internal column component; the components set of a column; the columns body form and dimensions; and a columns arrangement or sequential system in a distillation process. 
     Such partial innovations are integrated and reciprocally inter-conditioned: it would be of little use to fit an immobile, scale processing column with quick changeable and flexible internals. Nor it would be feasible to move several rigid columns to distant, temporary, diversified services. 
     These proposed partial innovations aim mainly to attain:
         Modular, articulable column structure for easy horizontal transport and vertical operation over a mobile platform;   Easy modules aligning and fixing, with rapid column vertical elevation;   Rapid exchange of modules and columns at origin and destination, before and after a process, enabling variable distillation systems according to clients local needs;   Rapid exchange of internals before, after or during brief paused distillation;   Variable geometry and positioning of column internals for variable control and adjustment of the vapor-liquid ratio, in real or quick distillation process time;   Rapid lowering, disassembling and exchange of columns, modules and internals for depart and relocation;       

     INVENTION DEFINITION 
     The Versatile Distillation Cell introduces in distillation systems, applicable in several industries (bio-fuel, chemical, oil, gas, waste recovery and others) some technological resources inspired in the “Flexible Manufacturing Cell” (operational integrated set of multifunctional machines with flexible, interchangeable tools and parts), adding the easy transportability, modular interchangeability and distillation processing over mobile platforms—aiming to quick process diversification among distillable materials, final products and processing sites. 
     The invention proposes modular columns that can be horizontally transported, assembled, filled with internals, or exchanged, and modularly modify sections of the body, being then vertically elevated for distillation processing over a mobile platform; the process is made adjustable through variable control of the liquid-vapor ratio in internals where bubbling, or mass transfer, occurs; this control is obtained in real or quick process time by introducing variable geometry and positioning in: perforate tray with variable inclination; foldable, perforated double tray; concentric gyratory perforated tray; variable control of the orifice&#39;s opening of a bubble-cap or valve by solenoid; variable control by iris diaphragm of individual holes and of the perforation of a tray; variable control by pantographic retractile grid of individual holes and of the perforation of a tray; variable control of distance between trays and packings by moving shaft; magazine for quick changeover of trays and packings; flexible distribution net for variable sparging flow of micro or nanobubbles in trays, as well as in packings, reflux inlet, liquid distributors and collectors; and variable height control of a downcomer&#39;s weir; the internals geometry and positioning variability has electromechanical conventional control, here not detailed, which can be computerized and automated. 
     Since materials and process diversification imply changes in columns&#39; body forms and dimensions due to different sizes, numbers and spacing of columns&#39; internals, the Cell can exchange and combine columns and modules of different body forms and heights, that can be filled with variable internals&#39; sets; considering this necessary flexibility, and the columns&#39; height restriction for mobility, the Cell combines the integrated set of partial innovations in five flexible mobile sub-cells (as in a system/subsystem or assembling/sub-assembling concept): two rotating sub-cells containing rotating devices enabling portable functioning of columns with height not exceeding the length measure of a mobile platform; and three articulated sub-cells containing articulated modules enabling columns whose height can exceed the length measure of a mobile platform. the first rotating sub-cell comprises a rotational elevatory tower on a mobile platform, carrying a variable system or array of several columns or modules, and the second rotating sub-cell comprises a rotating block on a mobile platform with elevator, carrying a modular column with a variable number of modules, that can be aligned, being this sub-cell fitted with assembling guide-tracks and transfer guide-tracks with transfer crane devices for transferring modules and columns between platforms. The first articulated sub-cell comprises a column with articulated, folded modules on a mobile platform; the second articulated sub-cell is similar to the first, but has at least one module fitted with a extend/retract telescopic movement; and the third articulated sub-cell comprises a column formed by modules surrounded by an external structure. 
     The in this invention proposed equipments and parts can be manufactured with known materials: metal tubes, sheets, plates wires, and profiles; stainless steel of 300 and 400 series; metal alloys and plastics resistant to pressure, temperature, and corrosion; Monel, Teflon and others. 
     Some conventional equipment connected with distillation columns—for instance reboiler, condenser, cooler—and platform equipments, can be mentioned to better clarify some topics. The invention presupposes that distillable materials as well as other necessary equipments—energy, hydraulic, tanks, boilers, generators etc—are rendered available in loco, by clients. 
     GENERAL APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
     Among applications and advantages of the invention can be mentioned:
         Distilling diverse materials in different places by quick mobility and interchangeability of columns and of flexible internals;   Successive processing of diverse products on site by quick exchangeability of columns and internals with agile process adjustment;   Simultaneous processing of diverse products on site by combining independent columns in a multicolumn sub-cell or combining various sub-cells;   Completion on site of a distillation phased process by means of sub-cell with sequential columns arrangement;   Diversified handling and recovery of waste water and other distillation wastes;   Diversified handling and recovery of distant and disperse waste and pollutants;   Distillation services rendered to producers of agricultural and forest materials not accessible to big industries, factories and refineries;   Use of local and seasonal sources of energy;   Enhanced control of energy and other resources consumption;   Distilling on production site of difficult to obtain sensible fragrances;   Making feasible to distill small, exceptional or emergency batches of materials in big industries;   Temporary operation during maintenance periods in the industry;   Value creation by “mix” of diversified final products from individually unfeasible batches;   Increasing facility in manufacturing and external and internal assembling of distillation columns by means of rotational tower and block;   Important increase in maintenance facility for columns and in internals;   Ability to interfaces of computerized and automated actuation and control systems.   Main longterm expected contribution is to descentralized and diversified competitive production in policultural agriculture, bio-diverse forestry and flexible distillation industry in a sustainable environment.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  presents an illustrative diagram of the Versatile Distillation Cell as integrating flexible internal components of modular, interchangeable distillation columns systems in 5 functional, mobile sub-cells. 
         FIG. 2  exemplifies  3  arrangements or systems of distillation columns: with one column ( FIG. 2.1 ) for distilled, raw ethanol; with two columns ( FIG. 2.2 ) for distilled and rectified ethanol; and with three columns ( FIG. 2.3 ) for distilled, rectified and dehydrated ethanol. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a basic distillation column comprising a tube with feed vapor and reflux inlet and with basis- and top products outlets, being the column fitted with trays, packings, liquid distributors and liquid collectors. 
         FIG. 4  exemplifies in side view ( FIG. 4.1 .) and in plan view ( 4 . 2 .) a rotating tower with 4 columns; 
         FIG. 5  exemplifies in plan view the sub-cell with rotating tower with 4 columns in horizontal position on a mobile platform; 
         FIG. 6  exemplifies a side view of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  exemplifies in side view the elevation of the sub-cells rotating tower with 4 columns, still attached to the elevator; 
         FIG. 8  exemplifies in side view the rotating tower elevated to vertical distillation position, being the elevator system retracted; 
         FIG. 9  exemplifies the schema of a flexible mobile sub-cell with rotating block, with one distillation column composed of 4 modules, on a mobile plataform; 
         FIG. 10  exemplifies in plan view a sub-cell with rotating block with one column composed of 4 modules, and a reboiler on assembling guide-tracks; 
         FIG. 11  exemplifies in plan view a sub-cell with rotating block aligning column modules and assembling internal components (trays, packings and others) on guide tracks, the sub-cell being also fitted with guide-tracks with a pair of crane devices for transferring modules and columns among platforms of sub-cells; 
         FIG. 12  exemplifies in plan view 4 aligned and locked modules forming a distillation column, including a reboiler, being the column in horizontal position over guide-tracks; 
         FIG. 13  exemplifies in side view the hydraulic elevator and the support pads of the platform; 
         FIG. 14  exemplifies in side view the elevated column to vertical position of distillation process; 
         FIG. 15  exemplifies in side view the sub-cell ready for operation, and the elevator retracted; 
         FIG. 16  exemplifies in plan view a flexible, mobile articulated sub-cell with a distillation column composed of 3 modules folded and juxtaposed on as mobile platform; 
         FIG. 17  exemplifies in plan view a quick assembling of internals (trays, packings and magazines) in 3 modules folded in horizontal position over a mobile platform; 
         FIG. 18  exemplifies a side view of  FIG. 16  showing the hydraulic elevator; 
         FIG. 19  exemplifies in plan view the unfolding and locking of 2 modules of a column with 3 articulated modules on a mobile platform; 
         FIG. 20  exemplifies in plan view 3 unfolded, aligned and fixed modules forming a column in horizontal position on a mobile platform, being added to the column a condenser an a cooler; 
         FIG. 21  exemplifies in side view the elevation of a column composed of 3 articulated modules; 
         FIG. 22  exemplifies a column with 3 modules in vertical position of distillation, with a reboiler in the base, the column&#39;s top having attached a cooler and a condenses, being the elevator retracted and housed in the mobile platform; 
         FIG. 23  exemplifies a flexible mobile articulated sub-cell with 4 modules being 3 articulated and a 4 th , superior posterior module fitted with extend-retract telescopic movement; 
         FIG. 24  exemplifies in plan view the  FIG. 23  as internals (trays, packings and magazines) are being assembled on a mobile platform; 
         FIG. 25  exemplifies a side view of  FIGS. 23 and 24 , showing the elevator of the sub-cell; 
         FIG. 26  exemplifies in plan view a sub-cell with unfolding column of 4 modules, being 3 modules articulated and the 4 th , telescopic module inserted into the 3 rd  module, which is aligned and fixed to the 2 nd  module; 
         FIG. 27  exemplifies in plan view 4 modules unfolded, aligned, and locked, in horizontal position on a mobile platform, forming a column, which has a reboiler at the base and a cooler and a condenser at the top, being the 4 th , superior, telescopic module extended and locked to the 3 rd ; 
         FIG. 28  as per  FIG. 27 , exemplifies in plan view the 3 rd  and 4 th  modules, assembled with internals as trays, packings liquid distributor, liquid collector, and magazines for quick-changeover of trays and packings, having the column a condenser and a cooper at its top; 
         FIG. 29  exemplifies in side view as per  FIG. 27 , the elevation to vertical distillation position of a column with 4 modules, being one telescopic; 
         FIG. 30 , exemplifies in side view, as per  FIG. 29 , the column in final position of distillation; 
         FIG. 31  exemplifies in plan view a flexible mobile articulated sub-cell with 3 superposed modules surrounded by a metallic structure, on a mobile platform; 
         FIG. 32  presents a side view of  FIG. 31 , exemplifying a lift hook fixed at the top of the metal structure; 
         FIG. 33  exemplifies in side view the lifting of a modular column with external structure on a mobile platform; 
         FIG. 34  exemplifies in side view an externally structured column in vertical position of distillation having at the top a cooler and a condenser; 
         FIG. 35  exemplifies a gyratory, perforated tray “butterfly type” in horizontal position ( FIG. 35.1 , detail in FIG.  35 . 1 . 1 ) and in the vertical ( FIG. 35.2 , detail in FIG.  35 . 2 . 1 ); 
         FIG. 36  exemplifies a set of two concentric differently perforated trays, each divided in two halves, type “double bvutterfly”, being in  FIG. 36.1 . (section  36 . 1 . 1 . and detail  36 . 1 . 2 ) the inferior tray with unfolded halves in the horizontal, and the superior tray with both halves upward folded in the vertical; and in  FIG. 36.2  (section  36 . 2 . 1  and detail  36 . 2 . 2 ) being the superior tray with unfolded halves in the horizontal and the inferior tray with downward folded halves in the vertical; 
         FIG. 37  exemplifies a set of two concentric, superposed, equally or differently perforated trays, being the superior tray fixed and the inferior gyratory fitted with perpendicular rotating axes with motion transfer (section in  FIG. 37.1  and detail  FIG. 37.2 ); 
         FIG. 38  exemplifies the cross section view of a fixed bubble-cap with a mobile opening controlled by solenoid; 
         FIG. 39  exemplifies the application of a “iris diaphragm” (section  FIG. 39.1 ) for variable control of a hole opening (section  FIG. 39.1 , detail  FIG. 39.2 ) of a perforated tray; 
         FIG. 40  (side view  FIG. 40.1 , plan view  FIG. 40.2 ) exemplifies the variable control by “iris diaphragm”, of he openings of a holes&#39; set of a perforated tray; 
         FIG. 41  exemplifies the variable control by pantographic grid (side view  FIG. 41.1 , open grid  FIG. 41.2 , closed grid  FIG. 41.3 ) of a hole opening of a perforated tray; 
         FIG. 42  exemplifies the variable control by pantographic grid (side view  FIG. 42.1 , open grid  FIG. 42.2 , closed grid  FIG. 42.3 ) of the openings of a holes&#39; set of a perforated tray; 
         FIG. 43  (side view FIG.  43 . 1 ., section  FIG. 43.2 , plan view  FIG. 43.3 ) exemplifies concentric vertical axes to which trays and/or packings are attached, being the axes fitted with vertical movement enabling variable control of the distances among trays and/or packings inside of a column; 
         FIG. 44  (side view  FIG. 44.1 . and  FIG. 44.2 ) exemplifies concentric vertical axes to which trays and/or packings are attached, being the axes fitted with vertical movement by command of horizontal axes with motion transfer, enabling variable control of the distances among trays and/or packings inside of a column; 
         FIG. 45  (side view  FIG. 45.1 ; section  FIG. 45.2  and plan view  FIG. 45.3 ) exemplifies a magazine with trays encased in separated extend-retractile chambers, enabling through a sliding hatch in a column, the quick changeover of trays during brief intermittence of distillation process; 
         FIG. 46  (side view  FIG. 46.1 ; plan view  FIG. 46.2 ) exemplifies a magazine with packings encased in separated extend-retractile-turning chambers, enabling through a sliding hatch in a column, the quick changeover of packings during brief intermittence of distillation process; 
         FIG. 47  exemplifies in side view a flexible device for insertion, by the sparging method, of a micro- or nano-bubbles variable flow of distillable material by means of a capillary network distributed in bubbling points of a tray; 
         FIG. 48  exemplifies in side view ( FIG. 48.1 ) a flexible device for insertion, by the sparging method, of a micro- or nano-bubbles variable flow of distillable material by means of a capillary network distributed in: the reflux inlet ( FIG. 48.2 ), liquid distributor ( FIG. 48.3 ), packing ( 48 . 4 ) and liquid collector ( FIG. 48.5 ); 
         FIG. 49  exemplifies (side view  FIG. 49.1 ; section  FIG. 49.2  and plan view  FIG. 49.3 ) a device for variable control of the height of a tray&#39;s or other component&#39;s downcomer fitted with a flat weir capable of vertical sliding movement by means of a gyratory axis with motion transfer; 
         FIG. 50  exemplifies (side view  FIG. 50.1 , section  FIG. 50.2  and plan view  FIG. 50.3 ) a device for variable control of the height of a tray&#39;s or other component&#39;s downcomer fitted with a tubular weir capable of vertical sliding movement by means of a gyratory axis with motion transfer. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED INVENTION DESCRIPTION 
     Versatile Distillation Cell 
     The Versatile Distillation Cell ( 1 ) (diagram shown in  FIG. 1 ) consists of a set of equipments and devices functionally integrated and interdependent, comprising mobile and interchangeable systems of distillation columns ( 103  to  106 ,  125 ,  216  to  218 ) composed of articulated modules ( 107  to  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  to  210 , examples in  FIGS. 4 to 34 ) being the internal components ( 301  to  360 ) of the sets (from  1000  to  1015 ) fitted with variable geometry and position (examples in  FIGS. 35 to 50 ), thus enabling diversified, quick interchangeable and adjustable distillation operations. The Cell ( 1 ) is the functional integration of five flexible mobile sub-Cells: two rotating sub-Cells ( 100 ,  127 ), for manufacturing, deploying, assembling, transporting and raising to the vertical distillation position columns ( 103  to  106 ,  125 ), whose maximum height doesn&#39;t exceed the length of a mobile platform ( 119 ,  120 ) (examples in  FIGS. 4 to 15 ), where the first rotating Sub-Cell ( 100 ) is fitted with a rotational, elevatory tower ( 126 ) on a mobile platform ( 119 ), carrying a variable system or arrangement of several columns ( 103  to  106 ), (examples in  FIGS. 4 to 8 ), and the second rotating sub-cell ( 127 ) is fitted with a rotating block ( 113 ) on a mobile platform ( 120 ) with elevator ( 112 ), carrying a modular column ( 125 ) with a variable number of modules ( 107  to  109 ,  114 ) that can be aligned, being said sub-cell ( 127 ) fitted with assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ), transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer crane devices ( 118 ) for transferring modules and columns between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ) (examples in  FIGS. 9 to 15 ); and three flexible mobile, articulated sub-cells ( 200 ,  204 ,  207 ), each carrying one column ( 216  to  218 ) whose height can exceed the measure of the length of a mobile platform ( 201 ), each of said columns being composed of a variable number of articulated modules ( 107  to  109 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  to  210 ), where: the first articulated sub-cell ( 200 ) is fitted with a column ( 216 ) with articulated, folded modules ( 107  to  109 ), the second articulated sub-cell ( 204 ) is fitted with a column ( 217 ) with articulated modules ( 107 ,  108 ,  205 ,  206 ) except at least one, which has a telescopic extend/retract movement ( 206 ), and the third articulated sub-cell ( 207 ) comprises a column ( 218 ) formed by modules ( 208  to  210 ) surrounded by an external structure (examples in  FIGS. 16 to 34 ). 
     Before and after a distillation operation, as it will be detailed, sub-cells ( 100 ,  127 ,  200 ,  204 ,  207 ) can exchange among themselves columns and modules, by activating said sub-cell ( 127 ) with rotating block ( 113 ), assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ), transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer devices ( 118 ) for modules ( 107  a  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  a  210 ) and columns ( 103  a  106 ,  125 ,  216  a  218 ) between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ). 
     Before and after operation, the assembling and exchange of internal column components ( 301  to  360 ) of sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), such as trays ( 14 ,  302 ,  304 ,  305 ,  306 ,  307 ,  310 ,  315 ,  319 ,  323 ,  327 ,  331 ,  334 ,  344 ,  356 ,  359 ), packings ( 15 ,  330 ,  343 ,  353 ), distributors ( 17 ,  352 ), collectors ( 18 ,  354 ) and others, can be performed through modules&#39; extremities ( 107  to  109 ) and by means of magazines for quick changeover of trays ( 340  and of packings ( 342 ). Other connected equipments can also be attached, for example reboiler ( 115 ), condenser ( 121 ), and cooler ( 122 ). 
     During operation, real or quick time variable control of vapor-liquid ratio is obtained by: perforate tray with variable inclination ( 1000 ); foldable, perforated double tray ( 1001 ); concentric gyratory perforated tray ( 1002 ); variable opening of a bubble-cap or valve by solenoid ( 1003 ); variable control by iris diaphragm of individual holes and of the perforation of a tray ( 1004 ,  1005 ); variable control by pantographic extend-retractile grid of individual holes and of the perforation of a tray ( 1006 , 1007 ); variable control of distance between trays and packings by moving shaft ( 1008 ,  1009 ); magazine for quick changeover of trays ( 1010 ) and packings ( 1011 ); flexible distribution net for variable sparging flow of micro- or nanobubbles in trays ( 1012 ), as well as in packings, reflux inlet, liquid distributors and collectors ( 1013 ); and variable height control of downcomer&#39;s weirs ( 1014 ,  1015 ). After distillation, the Cell ( 1 ) ( 100 ,  127 ) ( 200 ,  204 ,  207 ) can rapidly lower, disassemble and exchange said columns, modules, and internals for another local or relocated operation. 
     Partial Innovations of the Sub-Cell with Rotating Tower 
     The sub-cell ( 100 ) with rotating tower ( 126 ) carries on a mobile platform ( 119 ), as exemplified in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , several columns ( 103  to  106 ) attached to a rotating tower( 126 ) formed by a prism ( 102 ) with various faces made in steel or similar fixed by its lower end in the rotating center of a base ( 101 ), and fixed by its higher end in the rotating center of a retractable top ( 110 ) fastened to a hydraulic elevator ( 112 ), being the tower base ( 101 ) capable of a 90° angular movement around a hinge. The sub-Cell ( 100 ) actuates the rotating tower ( 126 ) in horizontal position for manufacturing, deployment and assembling of a variable number of columns ( 103  to  106 ) and/or column modules ( 107  to  109 ), as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 5 : with each partial turn of the tower ( 126 ), at the origin or at the destination, a column ( 103  to  106 ) or column modules ( 107  to  109 ), fulfilled with internal column components ( 301  to  360 ) of sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), can be quickly aggregated to one of the side faces of the prism ( 102 ). At the destination, before the distillation operation, as illustrated in  FIG. 5  in floor plan view and in  FIG. 6  in side view, the sub-cell ( 100 ) lies in horizontal position, holding attached to its base ( 101 ) and to the prism side faces ( 102 ) for example, 3 types of columns ( 104  to  106 ) forming a sequential column system covering various phases of a distillation process ( 11 ,  12 ,  13 ) and a fourth, higher column ( 103 ) formed, for example, by 3 modules ( 107  to  109 ) and prepared for operating independently of said 3 columns system ( 104  to  106 ). The prism ( 102 ) bottom end, as exemplified in  FIG. 5 , is fixed to the tower ( 126 ) base rotating center ( 101 ), and the prism&#39;s top end is attached to the tower ( 126 ) top rotating center ( 110 ). The hydraulic system for raising the tower ( 126 ) to the vertical position, as exemplified in  FIG. 6 , can encase in a housing ( 112 ) under the platform ( 119 ) whose support pads ( 111 ) can be extended and locked. By activating the hydraulic system ( 112 ), as exemplified in  FIG. 7 , the tower ( 126 ) is raised to the vertical position and stands on its base ( 101 ). After the tower ( 126 ) elevation, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the hydraulic activating system ( 112 ) can be retracted, and the tower&#39;s top ( 110 ), once separated from the columns ( 103  a  106 ) and prism ( 102 ), can return, with the elevator ( 112 ), to the retracted position on the platform ( 119 ). During distillation, as mentioned and will be detailed, the process can be adjusted and its parameters can be modified in real or quick time, through variable control of the vapor-liquid ratio by variations of form and position of internal components ( 301  to  360 ) of the sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), as well as, during brief interruption of the process, by changing trays and packings through above mentioned quick changeover magazines ( 340 ,  342 ). As mentioned and will be detailed, columns ( 103  to  106 ) and modules ( 107  to  109 ) of the sub-cell ( 100 ) can be interexchanged with other sub-cells&#39; columns and modules, by activating said sub-cell ( 127 ) with rotating block ( 113 ), assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ), transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer devices ( 118 ) for modules ( 107  a  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  a  210 ) and columns ( 103  a  106 ,  125 ,  216  a  218 ) between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ). After distillation, the sub-cell ( 100 ) can rapidly lower, disassemble and exchange said columns and modules for another local or relocated operation or return to origin. 
     Partial Innovations of the Sub-Cell with Rotating Block 
     The sub-cell ( 127 ) has fixed upon a platform ( 120 ), a rotating block ( 113 ) in the form of a prism with various faces, made of steel or similar, positioned between vertical supports on a mobile platform ( 120 ), enabling, according to example in perspective in  FIG. 9 , at each partial turn of the block ( 113 ), the coupling to one of its faces of a module ( 107  to  109 ,  114 ) of a distillation column ( 125 ). The platform ( 120 ) is fitted with assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ) for alignment and fixation of the modules ( 107  to  109  and  114 ). The sub-cell ( 127 ) is fitted upon the platform ( 120 ) with a pair of transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer devices ( 118 ) with three-dimensional movement, that can transfer modules ( 107  to  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  to  210 ) and columns ( 103  to  106 ,  125 ,  216  to  218 ), between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ), as  FIGS. 10 and 11  show. Transfer devices ( 118 ), have the form of extend-retract-tilt cranes capable of a 360° turn that can be attached at various points of the platform ( 120 ), being able to remove, handle, align and change modules and columns among sub-cells ( 100 ,  127 ,  200 ,  204 ,  207 ).  FIG. 11  shows the floor plan view of the platform ( 120 ) upon which the rotating block ( 113 ) made a partial turn, placing upon the assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ) a first module ( 107 ) having the vapor generator ( 115 ) attached to its base; by another partial turn, the block ( 113 ) places upon the same assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ) a second module ( 108 ) to be attached to the first module ( 107 ). The filling of the module ( 107 ) with a packing ( 15 ) and a quick-change magazine for trays ( 340 ) and of module  108  with a packing( 15 ), a set of trays ( 14 ) and a quick-change magazine for trays ( 340 ) is exemplified in  FIG. 11 ; modules ( 109 ) and ( 114 ) are in the example still affixed in the rotating block ( 113 ); the transfer devices ( 118 ) and transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) are not activated, as the example shows no module or column transfer between platforms. Before and after operation, the assembling and exchange of internal column components ( 301  to  360 ) of sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), such as trays ( 14 ,  302 ,  304 ,  305 ,  306 ,  307 ,  310 ,  315 ,  319 ,  323 ,  327 ,  331 ,  334 ,  344 ,  356 ,  359 ), packings ( 15 ,  330 ,  343 ,  353 ), distributors ( 17 ,  352 ), collectors ( 18 ,  354 ) and others, can be performed through modules&#39; extremities ( 107  to  109 ) and by means of magazines for quick changeover of trays ( 340  and of packings ( 342 ).  FIG. 12  illustrates the sub-cell ( 127 ), with the empty rotating block ( 113 ), after having executed four partial turns and respectively deposited said 4 modules ( 107  to  109  and  114 ) upon assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ), where they were filled with internal components of the column ( 125 ), then coupled, affixed and locked, having been attached with other connections and connected equipments, as a exemplified vapor generator ( 115 ), for the column operation. As illustrated in  FIG. 12  in floor view and in  FIG. 13  in side view, the assembled column ( 125 ) is still in horizontal position, being the support pads ( 111 ) of the platform ( 120 ) extended and locked and the hydraulic elevator system ( 112 ) being encased in the housing under the platform ( 120 ). The activation of the elevator ( 112 ), illustrated in  FIG. 14 , raises the column ( 125 ) to the vertical position of distillation process, as illustrated in  FIG. 15  in side view. The process can be adjusted and its parameters can be modified, in real or quick time, through variable control of the vapor-liquid ratio by variations of form and position of internal components ( 301  to  360 ) of the sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), as well as, during brief interruption of the process, by changing trays and packings through above said quick changeover magazines ( 340 ,  342 ). Before and after distillation, as mentioned and will be detailed, column ( 125 ) and modules ( 107  to  109 ,  114 )) of the sub-cell ( 127 ) can be interchanged with other sub-cells&#39;( 100 ,  200 ,  204 ,  207 ) modular columns and modules, by activating said sub-cell&#39;s ( 127 ) assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ), transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer devices ( 118 ) for modules ( 107  a  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  a  210 ) and columns ( 103  a  106 ,  125 ,  216  a  218 ) between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ). After distillation, the sub-cell ( 127 ) can rapidly lower, disassemble and exchange said columns, modules, and internals for another local or relocated operation or return to deposit. 
     Partial Innovations of the Sub-Cell with Articulated Modules 
     The sub-cell ( 200 ) comprises a column ( 216 ), whose height may exceed the measure of a mobile platform ( 201 ) (example on  FIG. 16 ), and is formed with articulated, foldable modules ( 107  to ( 109 ), which can vary in number and form, and have in their extremities articulation hinges ( 203 ) and junction flanges ( 202 ); modules ( 107  a  109 ) are in said figure showed in horizontal position over the mobile platform ( 201 ), being the module ( 107 ) fixed on the column&#39;s base ( 216 ) that may contain a reboiler ( 115 ). The setting, assembly and articulation of the modules ( 107  a  109 ) of the column ( 216 ) in the origin, as well as their eventual exchange with other modules at the destination, may be performed by actuating the rotating block  113 ) of the sub-cell ( 127 ) fitted with transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer devices ( 118 ) for transfer and exchanging modules ( 107  to  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  a  210 ) and columns ( 103  to  106 ,  125 ,  216  a  218 ) between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ), as shown in  FIGS. 10 to 12 . As  FIG. 17  exemplifies in floor view the modules ( 107  to  109 ) start their unfold in horizontal position, on which they can be filled with internal components like trays ( 14 ,  302 ,  304 ,  305 ,  306 ,  307 ,  310 ,  315 ,  319 ,  323 ,  327 ,  331 ,  334 ,  344 ,  356 ,  359 ), packings ( 15 ,  330 ,  343 ,  353 ), distributors ( 17 ,  352 ), collectors ( 18 ,  354 ) and other ( 301  a  360 ) of the sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), through a module&#39;s extremity and in its central part by magazines for quick changeover of trays ( 340 ) and of packings ( 342 ). The sub-cell ( 200 ) is shown in side view in the example of  FIG. 18 , with the housing of the hydraulic system of elevation ( 112 ) retracted under the platform ( 201 ). The unfolding, fixation and locking of two modules ( 108 ,  109 ) by means of flanges ( 202 ), all modules ( 107  to  109 ) remaining in the horizontal on the platform ( 201 ), is exemplified in  FIG. 19  in plant view. The complete unfold with fixation and locking by the flange ( 202 ) of the 3 modules ( 107  to  109 ), remaining the column ( 216 ) still in horizontal position over the platform ( 201 ), is illustrated in the example of  FIG. 20  in plant view; in this position, as in the same figure, other connected equipments can be assembled on the top of the column ( 216 ), for example, a condenser ( 121 ) and a cooler ( 122 ); in said example, the module ( 107 ) at the column base mounted on a vapor generator ( 115 ) has been moved from the side to the center of the platform ( 201 ), for example by using said transfer systems of sub-cell ( 127 ), being the support pads ( 111 ) of the platform ( 201 ), activated and locked. After completed modules articulation and fixing, the column ( 216 ) can be elevated to the vertical position, as exemplified in  FIG. 21 , by activation the hydraulic system ( 112 ) of the sub-cell ( 200 ).  FIG. 22  illustrates in side view the final positioning of the column ( 216 ) for distillation, being the hydraulic elevator system ( 112 ) retracted in the housing. During distillation, as mentioned and will be detailed, the process can be adjusted and its parameters can be modified, in real or quick time, through variable control of the vapor-liquid ratio in internal flexible components ( 301  to  360 ) of the sets ( 1000  to  1015 ), as well as, during brief interruption of the process, by changing trays and packings through above said quick changeover magazines ( 340 ,  342 ). Before and after distillation, as mentioned and will be detailed, column ( 216 ) and modules ( 107  to  109 ) of the sub-cell ( 200 ) can be interchanged with other sub-cells&#39;( 100 ,  127 ,  204 ,  207 ) modular columns and modules, by activating said sub-cell&#39;s ( 127 ) assembling guide-tracks ( 116 ), transfer guide-tracks ( 117 ) and transfer devices ( 118 ) for modules ( 107  a  109 ,  114 ,  205 ,  206 ,  208  a  210 ) and columns ( 103  a  106 ,  125 ,  216  a  218 ) between platforms ( 119 ,  120 ,  201 ). After distillation, the sub-cell ( 200 ) can rapidly lower, disassemble and exchange said columns, modules, and internals for another local or relocated operation or return to origin. 
     Partial Innovations of Sub-Cell with Articulated Modules, Being at Least One Telescopic 
     The sub-cell ( 204 ) comprises on a mobile platform ( 201 ) a column ( 217 ), for example, with 4 modules ( 107 ,  108 ,  205 ,  206 ), in other all features similar to sub-cell ( 200 ) except that a module ( 206 ) has a extend-retract telescopic movement, as exemplified in  FIG. 23 . As  FIG. 24  exemplifies, by unfolding modules in horizontal position on said platform, being the telescopic internal module ( 206 ) retracted, the telescopic external module ( 205 ) can be fulfilled with column internals ( 301  to  360 ) of the sets (from  1000  to  1015 ), as in the example, two quick changeover magazines ( 340 ) for trays, one quick-changeover magazine ( 342 ) for packings, and a retracted device of distance variation of internal components ( 339 , see example in  FIG. 44 ) with two trays ( 331 ,  334 ). The elevator system ( 112 ) exemplified in  FIG. 25  in side view, and the unfolding and joining of modules around hinges ( 203 ), and flange ( 202 ) locking as illustrate  FIGS. 26 and 27  in floor view are similar to sub-cell ( 200 ).  FIG. 28  shows examples of details of the filled internals in the now aligned and by flanges ( 202 ) fixed modules ( 205 ) and ( 206 ) of column ( 217 ), which still remains in horizontal position: module  205  is fulfilled as exemplified in  FIG. 24 ; module ( 206 ) is fitted from the top on with a cooler ( 122 ), a condenser ( 121 ) and respective reflux inlet ( 351 ), a liquid distributor ( 17 ), a liquid collector ( 18 ) a quick-changeover magazine ( 340 ) for trays, and two trays ( 14 ). The activation of the elevator ( 112 ) raising the column ( 217 ) to the vertical, being the platform ( 201 ) pads ( 111 ) extended and locked is exemplified in  FIG. 29 . The subsequent retraction and housing of the elevator ( 112 ) and the setting free of the column ( 217 ) for distillation, is exemplified in  FIG. 30 . Vapor-liquid ratio variable control during distillation for process adjustment and modifications, and, after distillation, the lowering of the column ( 217 ) and the changing of modules and column internals are similar to the described in sub-cell ( 200 ), except the reversal, retracting telescopic movement of module ( 206 ). 
     Partial Innovations of Sub-Cell with Articulated Modules surrounded by Metal Structure 
     The sub-cell ( 207 ) comprises a column ( 218 ) composed for example, of various articulated modules ( 208  to  210 ), that are surrounded by a metal structure, as exemplified in  FIG. 31 , in plant view. As illustrated in  FIG. 32  illustrates in side view the 3 superposed modules ( 208  to  210 ) encased by metal structures, articulates by hinges ( 213 ) in flanges ( 211 ), being the upper module ( 210 ) fitted with a lifting hook ( 214 ), and standing the lower module ( 208 ) over a vapor generator ( 212 ), encased in said metal structure. The agile lifting of the modules ( 208  to  210 ) by means of a lifting device ( 215 ) raises the column ( 218 ) to the vertical position, as illustrated in  FIG. 33  in side view, being extended and locked the supporting pads ( 111 ) of platform ( 201 ) and of a lift ( 215 ) fixed over the platform ( 201 ). The column&#39;s elevation ( 218 ) to the vertical position of operation, having attached to its top, for example, a condenser ( 121 ) and a cooler ( 122 ), is illustrated in  FIG. 34  in side view. Sub-cell ( 207 ) can exchange modules before and after the distillation, similarly to sub-cells ( 200 ,  204 ), except that in sub-cell ( 207 ) a prior disconnection of hinges ( 213 ) is required. The use of quick-changeover magazines ( 340 ,  342 ) for exchanging trays and packings during brief interruption of distillation process, as per sub-cells ( 200 ,  204 ), requires in sub-cell ( 207 ), for example, a framed “window” opening at the metal structure in front of a sliding hatch ( 341 ) in a column ( 300 ). Vapor-liquid ratio variable control by flexible internals in sub-cell ( 207 ) are similar to the described in the other sub-cells ( 100 ,  127 ,  200 ,  204 ). 
     Partial Innovations of Variable Control of the Liquid-Vapor Ratio Through Variable Geometry in Internal Column Components 
     The cumulative increase of flexibility and efficiency of the distillation process by variable control and optimization of the vapor-liquid ratio in the internal components of the column systems of said flexible, mobile sub-cells ( 100 ,  127 ,  200 ,  204 ,  207 ) that functionally integrate the Cell ( 1 ) is obtained by following partial innovations: 
     By device ( 1000 ) for variable control of a “butterfly”-type tray inclination in real process time: as  FIG. 35  exemplifies, a perforated tray ( 302 ) is attached to a horizontal gyratory axis ( 301 ), the tray only touching the wall of a downcomer ( 16 ), so that the tray ( 302 ), by electromechanical activation of the axis ( 301 )—which can be computerized and automated—can rotate, for example, up to 90°, starting from the horizontal position of the tray in perpendicular plane to the column, until the tray is in a vertical position, parallel to the vertical line of the column&#39;s wall, thus inhibiting the perforate trays function or disabling it during the process. The axis rotation ( 301 ) may, alternatively, give only slight and gradual inclinations to the tray ( 302 ) for minor adjustments of vapor-liquid ratio. 
     By device ( 1001 ) for variable control of the geometry of “double-folding butterfly”-type trays in real-time process:  FIG. 36  shows two superposed perforated trays ( 304 ,  305 ), only touching the wall of a downcomer ( 16 ), being the perforation of the upper tray ( 304 ) different from the perforation of the lower tray ( 305 ). Each trays ( 304 ) and ( 305 ) is divided in two halves, so that the two halves of the upper tray ( 304 ) may fold up around gyratory, concentric, independent axes ( 303 ), gradually up to the vertical position, perpendicular to the plane of the lower tray ( 305 ). In this position, the top tray&#39;s function ( 304 ) is inhibited or disabled, allowing this stage of the process to occur entirely in the lower tray ( 305 ). Alternatively, the lower tray ( 305 ) can fold downwards in part or completely, allowing free operation of the upper tray ( 304 ), which remains in a horizontal position. Both trays ( 304 ) and ( 305 ) can also operate together, combining their two holes, both in a horizontal position. It&#39;s also possible to fold the two trays—the upper ( 304 ) folding upwards and the bottom tray ( 305 ) downwards—so that this section of the distillation column is practically disabled. The axes can have electromechanical control which can be computerized and automated. 
     By device ( 1002 ) for variable control of the opening of the tray holes by perforated concentric trays with adjustable spin:  FIG. 37  shows a fixed perforated tray ( 306 ) superposed to another mobile perforated tray ( 307 ) fastened to a vertical swivel axis ( 308 ), which is activated by a horizontal swivel axis ( 309 ), being trays ( 306 ,  307 ) concentric, so that the axis ( 309 ) by electromechanical activation, that can be computerized and/or automated, can transmitt rotation to the tray ( 307 ). In the initial position, the perforations of trays ( 306 ) and ( 307 ) coincide, but as the lower mobile tray ( 307 ) gradually rotates, its holes can open or close the holes of the fixed tray ( 306 ), thus varying and adjusting in real process time the vapor-liquid ratio in the fixed tray ( 306 ). 
     By device ( 1003 ), for variable control of an adjustable bubble-cap sealing, by solenoid or other control system.  FIG. 38  shows the cross view of a perforated tray ( 310 ) with a fixed bubble-cap ( 311 ), or valve, whose mobile sealing ( 312 ) is controlled by a spring shaft ( 313 ) activated, in the example, by a solenoid ( 314 ), thus controlling vapor flow pressure in the tray&#39;s hole. This device, which can be coupled to an electronic control system with programming and/or automation, can provide fine tuning of the vapor-liquid ratio in real process time. 
     By device ( 1004 ) for variable control of the vapor-liquid ratio by “iris diaphragm” ( 317 ) in an adjustable opening of a tray&#39;s hole, and of an individual bubble-cap, with a solenoid or other control system:  FIG. 39  shows a variable control device, by “iris diaphragm” ( 317 ), of the hole opening ( 316 ) of a perforated distillation tray ( 315 )—it can be also a bubble-cap hole or vapor riser. The diaphragm ( 317 ) is gradually opened or closed by solenoid activation ( 318 ) or other system, that can be computerized and automated, thus enabling a fine tuning of the vapor-liquid ratio in each hole ( 316 ) or fixed bubble-cap or valve, that is, in distributed points of the tray, in real process time. 
     By device ( 1005 ) for variable control of a tray&#39;s perforation by “iris diaphragm” ( 321 ) activated by solenoid or other control system:  FIG. 40  illustrates the control, by “iris diaphragm” ( 321 ), of a set of holes of a perforated tray ( 319 ). The diaphragm ( 321 ), located on the lower face of the tray ( 319 ), is gradually opened or closed, with activation ( 320 ) by solenoid or other control system, enabling fine tuning of the vapor-liquid ratio in the tray in real process time. The device can have computerized and automated control. 
     By device ( 1006 ) for variable control of the opening of the individual tray holes or fixed bubble-cap holes by pantographic grid regulated by solenoid or other control system:  FIG. 41  exemplifies a circular grid ( 325 ) composed of crisscrossed metal bars (or other compatible material), which can open and close by pantographic movement with activation ( 326 ) by solenoid or other motion control system, which can be computerized or automatic. The pantographic grid ( 325 ), applied to each hole ( 324 ) of a perforated tray ( 323 ), allows, in real time, by controlling the opening of the individual hole, the distributed vapor-liquid ratio control in the tray. 
     By device ( 1007 ) of variable control of a tray perforation through pantographic grid ( 328 :  FIG. 42  illustrates a circular grid ( 328 ) composed of crisscrossed metal bars (or other compatible material), which open and close by pantographic movement with activation ( 329 ) by solenoid or other motion control system, which can be computerized and automated. The pantographic grid ( 328 ), applied at the underside of a perforated tray ( 327 ), enables real-time control of the opening of the tray&#39;s perforation and thereby of the vapor-liquid ratio in the tray. 
     By device ( 1008 ) for variable control of the vertical distance between trays ( 331 ,  334 ) and/or packings ( 330 ) in a distillation column ( 300 ) in real-time process:  FIG. 43  shows a column body ( 300 ), inside of which there are concentric vertical rods ( 332 ) and ( 335 ), on which trays ( 331 ,  334 ) are affixed, and/or packings ( 330 ), the rods being fitted with vertical movement, by electromechanical activation, which can be computerized and automated, changing the distance between trays ( 331 ,  334 ) and/or packings. ( 330 ). 
       FIG. 44  detailing  FIG. 43  exemplifies a device ( 1009 ) in which the rods for varying the distance between trays and/or packings have vertical movement through a horizontal set of swiveling axes ( 339 ) with movement transfer and electromechanical activation which can be computerized and automated. 
     By magazine device ( 1010 ) coupled to the side of a column ( 300 ) for agile and flexible exchange of trays ( 14 ) during brief intermittence in the distillation process:  FIG. 45  shows a magazine ( 340 ), made is steel or similar, attached to the side of the column ( 300 ) and capable of moving trays ( 14 ) through a sliding hatch ( 341 ) of the column. The magazine comprises a box with tray chambers inside a container, in said figure an example of 4 chambers, being alternatively some, in the example 2 chambers void, destined each to withdraw one tray from a column, and some, in the example 2 chambers filled each with one tray to be inserted in the column; by means of extend-retractile arms with tags, fitting each chamber, one tray can be extracted from the column and housed in a void chamber, and one tray can be inserted and fixed by quick-fix slots in the desired position in the column; the chamber box being fitted with vertical movement, by hydraulic, pneumatic or another conventional controllable gradual motion mechanism, inside the magazine&#39;s container, for better aligning a chamber with the desired tray position inside of the column; this quick-changeover process doesn&#39;t involve manual operation of assembly/disassembly and can be activated by remote, computerized or automated control. For manual quick operations, as in combination with device ( 1012 ), the inferior face of the magazine container ( 340 ) can be fitted with a sliding hatch permitting access to the trays chambers. 
     By magazine device ( 1011 ) comprising contiguous chambers ( 342 ), coupled to the side of the column ( 300 ) for flexible and rapid exchange of packings ( 343 ) during brief intermittence of the distillation process:  FIG. 46  shows a magazine ( 342 ) in the form of contiguous chambers (for example, in the shape of a cross), coupled to the side of the column ( 300 ), containing each chamber one packing, in this example 3 of them, around a central void chamber fitted with extend-retractile arms with tags and capable of turning in order to reach each other chamber, to extract or insert a packing, so that through an opened sliding hatch ( 341 ) at the column ( 300 ) side, a packing can be inserted and fixed by quick-plugging slots in an adequate position inside the column, or vice-versa a packing can be extracted from the column and inserted in a magazine chamber, so that another packing can be inserted into the column, in a quick changeover process without involving manual disassembly/assembly operations. The sliding of column hatches at the quick changeover of packings can be activated by remote, computer or automated electromechanical control. For manual quick operations, as in combination with device ( 1013 ), the under face of the magazine container ( 342 ) can be fitted with a sliding hatches permitting access to packings chambers. 
     By device ( 1012 ) for variable control of micro and/or nano-bubbles flow by sparging in the bubbling liquid on a tray:  FIG. 47  shows in side view a flexible device ( 1012 ), comprising a network of flexible ducts ( 349 ) that, from the vapor inlets ( 356 ,  347 ) through a variable control sparging compressor device ( 348 ), can reach by means of capillary extensions ( 350 ) in the tray ( 344 ) to capillary nozzles or needles ( 345 ) of micro- nanobubbles sparging flow, distributed in several points into the bubbling liquid on the upper trays surface ( 344 ), thus enabling mass transfer enhancing and variable control in real process time. This device ( 1012 ) can be combined with device ( 1010 ), so that, through said hatch in magazine ( 340 ), a tray being withdrawn by the magazine ( 340 ) can be manually quick disconnected from sparging flexible ducts ( 349 ) that can then be quick connected to a new inserting tray in the column ( 300 ). 
     By device ( 1013 ), similarly to ( 1012 ) for variable control of a micro- and/or nano-bubbles flow by sparging of distillable vapor in the liquid present or bubbling in several columns internals: as exemplified in  FIG. 48  a flexible device ( 1013 ), comprising a network of flexible ducts ( 349 ) that, from the vapor inlets ( 356 ,  347 ) through a variable control sparging compressor device ( 348 ), can reach by means of with said ducts ( 349 ) quick-connected capillary extensions ( 350 ) to capillary nozzles or needles ( 345 ) of micro-nanobubbles sparging flow, distributed in several internal column ( 300 ) components ( FIG. 48.1 ) where liquid is present or bubbling, in particular: in the reflux inlet tube ( 351 . 19 ) ( FIG. 48.2 ), in a liquid distributor ( 352 ,  17 ) ( FIG. 48.3 ), in a packing ( 353 ,  15 ) ( FIG. 48.4 ), and in a collector ( 354 ,  18 ) ( FIG. 48.5 ), in the reflux inlet ( 351 ), in packings ( 353 ,  15 ), in liquid collectors ( 354 ,  18 ) and in liquid distributors ( 352 ,  17 ), being the variable control device fitted with electromechanical activation, which can be computerized and automated. The device ( 1013 ) can be combined with device ( 1011 ), so that, through mentioned hatches in a magazine ( 342 ), a packing being withdrawn from a column can be manually quick disconnected from sparging flexible ducts ( 349 ) that can then be quick connected to the capillary extensions ( 350 ) of a new inserting packing in the column 
     By device ( 1014 ) for variable control of the liquid level in a tray ( 356 ) or other column ( 300 ) internal component by varying the height of a flat weir of a downcomer ( 357 ):  FIG. 49  shows in side view ( FIG. 49.1 ), section A-A ( FIG. 49.2 ) and in floor view ( FIG. 49.3 ) a tray ( 356 ) (it can be any component fitted with a downcomer), whose downcomer ( 357 ) has a flat weir, which is mobile in the vertical direction by a swivel axis with motion transfer ( 355 ), or other conventional mechanism, with electromechanical control, which can be computerized and automated, thus controlling the liquid level in the tray or other component. By device ( 1015 ) for variable control of the level of liquid in trays ( 359 ) or other component of a distillation column ( 300 ) by variation of the height of a tubular weir, that is a tubular downcomer ( 360 ):  FIG. 50  shows in side view ( FIG. 50.1 ), section A-A ( FIG. 50.2 ) and floor plan view ( FIG. 50.3 ) a distillation tray ( 359 ), or another component whose tubular downcomer ( 360 ) has semi-circular, semi-elliptical or other type of tubular section, being the downcomer ( 360 ) mobile in the vertical direction by means a swivel axis with motion transfer ( 358 ), or other conventional mechanism, with electromechanical control, which can be computerized or automated, thus controlling the liquid level in the tray or other column component with a tubular downcomer. 
     LIST OF NUMERIC REFERENCES OF THE FIGURES 
     Exemplifying Numeric References of the State of the Art: 
       11 —Column A: for distilled raw ethanol 
       12 —Column B: for distilled, rectified ethanol 
       13 —Column C: for distilled, rectified, dehydrated ethanol 
       14 —Perforated tray with bubble-caps or valves 
       15 —Structured packing 
       16 —Downcomer of a perforated tray 
       17 —Liquid distributor 
       18 —Liquid collector 
       19 —Reflux inlet 
       20 —Basic distillation column 
     Exemplifying Numeric References of the Invention: 
       1 —Versatile Distillation Cell (illustrative diagram) 
       100 —Sub-cell with rotating tower 
       101 —Base of rotating tower 
       102 —Prism of sub-cell with rotating tower 
       103 —Modular column of sub-cell with rotating tower 
       104 —Entire column of sub-cell with rotating tower 
       105 —Entire column of sub-cell with rotating tower 
       106 —Entire column of sub-cell with rotating tower 
       107 —Module of column  103   
       108 —Module of column  103   
       109 —Module of column  103   
       110 —Top of rotating tower 
       111 —Support pads of sub-cell&#39;s platform 
       112 —Hydraulid elevation system 
       113 —Rotating block 
       114 —Module of column ( 125 ) of sub-cell with rotating block 
       115 —Reboiler 
       116 —Assembling guide-tracks 
       117 —Transfer guide-tracks 
       118 —Transfer device for columns and modules among platforms 
       119 —Mobile platform of sub-cell with rotating tower 
       120 —Mobile platform of sub-cell with rotating block 
       121 —Condenser 
       122 —Cooler 
       123 —Anterior support of rotating block 
       124 —Posterior support of rotating block 
       125 —Modular column of sub-cell with rotating block. 
       126 —Rotating tower 
       127 —Sub-cell with rotating block 
       200 —Sub-cell with one modular articulated column 
       201 —Mobile platform of articulated sub-cell 
       202 —Junction and fixation flange 
       203 —Hinge for articulated module 
       204 —Sub-cell with articulated column with telescopic module 
       205 —External telescopic module 
       206 —Internal telescopic module 
       207 —Articulated sub-cell with modules surrounded by structure 
       208 —Module with external structure 
       209 —Module with external structure 
       210 —Module with external structure 
       211 —Junction flange for modules with external structure 
       212 —Vapor generator in structured column 
       213 —Articulation hinges for modules with external structure 
       214 —Handle or hook for lifting external structured columns 
       215 —Lifting device 
       216 —Articulated column 
       217 —Articulated column with telescopic module 
       218 —Articulated column with external structure 
       300 —Column set ( 103  to  106 ,  125 ,  216  to  218 ) with internals 
       301 —Horizontal gyratory axis of perforated tray 
       302 —Gyratory perforated tray 
       303 —Horizontal concentric axes of double folding trays 
       304 —Upper folding perforated tray 
       305 —Under folding perforated tray 
       306 —Fixed concentric perforated tray 
       307 —Rotating concentric perforated tray 
       308 —Vertical gyratory axis of concentric perforated tray 
       309 —Horizontal gyratory axis commanding vertical gyratory axis 
       310 —Detail of perforated tray with fixed bubble-cap (valve) 
       311 —Fixed bubble-cap (valve)of perforated tray 
       312 —Mobile sealing of fixed bubble-cap of perforated tray 
       313 —Spring shaft of the mobile sealing ( 312 ) 
       314 —Solenoid for activation of spring shaft ( 313 ) 
       315 —Detail of perforated tray 
       316 —Individual hole of a tray ( 315 ) 
       317 —his diaphragm for control of a hole&#39;s opening ( 316 ) 
       318 —Solenoid (or other) activation rod of iris diaphragm ( 317 ) 
       319 —Holes&#39; set of a tray 
       320 —Solenoid (or other) activation rod of iris diaphragm ( 321 ) 
       321 —his diaphragm for control of the holes of a tray ( 319 ) 
       322 —Downcomer of tray ( 319 ) 
       323 —Detail of perforated tray 
       324 —Individual hole of tray ( 323 ) 
       325 —Pantographic grid for a hole&#39;s opening control ( 324 ) 
       326 —Activation rod of pantographic grid ( 325 ) 
       327 —Set of tray&#39;s holes 
       328 —Pantographic grid for control of a tray&#39;s ( 327 ) holes&#39; set 
       329 —Activation rod of pantographic grid ( 328 ) 
       330 —Mobile packing with vertical movement 
       331 —Mobile tray with vertical movement 
       332 —Vertical rod for tray ( 331 ) or packing ( 330 ) motion 
       333 —Downcomer of a tray 
       334 —Mobile tray with vertical movement 
       335 —Vertical rod for tray ( 334 ) motion 
       336 —Downcomer of a tray 
       337 —Vertical rod for tray ( 331 ) or packing ( 330 ) motion 
       338 —Vertical rod for tray ( 334 ) motion 
       339 —Horizontal gyratory axes commanding concentric rods ( 337  and  338 ) 
       340 —Magazine for quick-changeover of trays 
       341 —Sliding hatch 
       342 —Magazine for quick-changeover of packings 
       343 —Packings for quick-changeover by magazine ( 342 ) 
       344 —Perforate tray with bubbling liquid 
       345 —Capillary nozzles or needles for sparging 
       346 —Inlet of distillable material for sparging 
       347 —Inlet of distillable material for sparging 
       348 —Compressor system for sparging with variable control 
       349 —Flexible capillary ducts 
       350 —Extension of capillary duct 
       351 —Reflux inlet 
       352 —Liquid distributor of column ( 300 ) 
       353 —Packing of column ( 300 ) 
       354 —Liquid collector of column ( 300 ) 
       355 —Horizontal gyratory axis for vertical movement of a downcomer&#39;s flat weir 
       356 —Tray with downcomer with mobile flat weir ( 357 ) 
       357 —Downcomer with flat weir 
       358 —Horizontal gyratory axis for vertical movement of a downcomer&#39;s tubular weir (tubular downcomer) ( 360 ) 
       359 —Tray with mobile tubular downcomer ( 360 ) 
       360 —Tubular downcomer 
       1000 —Set of references ( 301 ,  302 ) of turning tray “butterfly” type 
       1001 —Set of references ( 303  a  305 ) of double folding tray “double butterfly” type 
       1002 —Set of references ( 306  a  309 ) of concentric rotating tray 
       1003 —Set of references ( 310  a  314 ) of adjustable sealing of fixed bubble-cap (valves) 
       1004 —Set of references ( 315  a  318 ) of adjustable sealing of a tray&#39;s hole by “iris diaphragm” 
       1005 —Set of references ( 319  a  322 ) of variable control of a tray&#39;s perforation openings by “iris diaphragm” 
       1006 —Set of references ( 323  a  326 ) of variable control of an individual tray&#39;s hole by pantographic grid 
       1007 —Set of references ( 327  a  329 ) of variable control of a tray&#39;s perforation openings by pantographic grid 
       1008 —Set of references ( 330  a  336 ) of device for vertical motion of trays and packings 
       1009 —Set of references ( 330 ,  331 ,  334 ,  337  a  339 ) of device for vertical movement of trays and packings activated by horizontal gyratory axis 
       1010 —Set of references ( 340 ,  341 ) of magazine for quick changeover of trays ( 14 ) 
       1011 —Set of references ( 341  a  343 ) of magazine for quick changeover of packings 
       1012 —Set of references ( 344  a  349 ) of device for variable control of sparging of distillable material in trays 
       1013 —Set of references ( 345 ,  349  a  354 ) of device for variable control of sparging of distillable material in: reflux inlet, packings, liquid distributors and collectors 
       1014 —Set of references ( 355  a  357 ) of device for vertical movement of a downcomer with flat weir 
       1015 —Set of references ( 358  a  360 ) of device for vertical movement of a tubular downcomer.