Patent Publication Number: US-10786039-B2

Title: Article of footwear comprising a sole member with apertures

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
     This application is a divisional application based on co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,758 titled “Article of Footwear Comprising a Sole Member with Apertures,” filed May 27, 2015. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,758 is entirely incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present embodiments relate generally to articles of footwear, and in particular to articles with cushioning provisions and methods of making such articles. 
     Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upper and a sole member. The upper is often formed from a plurality of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheet layers, foam layers, leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or adhesively bonded together to form a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortably and securely receiving a foot. More particularly, the upper forms a structure that extends over the instep and toe areas of the foot, along medial and lateral sides of the foot, and around a heel area of the foot. The upper may also incorporate a lacing system to adjust the fit of the footwear, as well as permitting entry and removal of the foot from the void within the upper. In addition, the upper may include a tongue that extends under the lacing system to enhance adjustability and comfort of the footwear, and the upper may incorporate a heel counter. 
     The sole member is secured to a lower portion of the upper so as to be positioned between the foot and the ground. In athletic footwear, for example, the sole member includes a midsole and an outsole. The various sole components may be formed from a polymer foam material that attenuates ground reaction forces (i.e., provides cushioning) during walking, running, and other ambulatory activities. The sole may also include fluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or other elements that further attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influence the motions of the foot, for example. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a sole member for an article of footwear, comprising a sole member, the sole member including an outer surface, and the outer surface comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, and a sidewall. The sole member has an interior portion, where the interior portion is disposed between the upper surface, the lower surface, and the sidewall. Furthermore, the sole member has a set of apertures, where each aperture of the set of apertures is a blind-hole aperture. The set of apertures is disposed along a portion of the outer surface of the sole member, and each aperture of the set of apertures has a length extending through a portion of the interior portion of the sole member and opens to the outer surface. In addition, the set of apertures includes a first aperture, a second aperture disposed adjacent to the first aperture, and a third aperture disposed adjacent to the second aperture, where the length of the first aperture is less than the length of the second aperture, and where the length of the second aperture is less than the length of the third aperture. The set of apertures also includes a fourth aperture disposed adjacent to the third aperture, a fifth aperture disposed adjacent to the fourth aperture, and a sixth aperture disposed adjacent to the fifth aperture, where the length of the fourth aperture is greater than the length of the fifth aperture, and where the length of the fifth aperture is greater than the length of the sixth aperture. 
     In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a customized cushioning sole system for an article of footwear, where the system comprises a sole member, and the sole member includes an outer surface, where the outer surface comprises an upper surface, a lower surface, and a sidewall. The sole member has a set of apertures, where each of the apertures includes an opening disposed within the outer surface, where the openings associated with the set of apertures comprise a pattern, and where the pattern extends along at least one of the upper surface, the lower surface, and the sidewall of the sole member. Furthermore, each aperture of the set of apertures is a blind-hole aperture, and each aperture of the set of apertures has a length. The lengths of each of the apertures of the set of apertures vary according to a gradual progression. 
     In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for making a customized sole member for an article of footwear, the method comprising obtaining information related to a wearer&#39;s foot and producing a pattern of apertures. The method further comprises generating instructions to form the apertures in a sole member and executing the instructions to produce the customized sole member. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the following claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The embodiments can be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views. 
         FIG. 1  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures; 
         FIG. 2  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures; 
         FIG. 3  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures; 
         FIG. 4  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures; 
         FIG. 5  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures; 
         FIG. 6  is an isometric bottom view of an embodiment of a sole member comprising a cushioning element; 
         FIG. 7  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures in an unloaded state; 
         FIG. 8  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures experiencing deformation; 
         FIG. 9  is an isometric top view of an embodiment of a sole member comprising a cushioning element; 
         FIG. 10  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures in an unloaded state; 
         FIG. 11  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures experiencing deformation; 
         FIG. 12  is an isometric top view of an embodiment of a sole member comprising a cushioning element; 
         FIG. 13  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures in an unloaded state; 
         FIG. 14  is an isometric view of an embodiment of a cushioning element including apertures experiencing deformation; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates an embodiment of the use of a device for obtaining three-dimensional foot data; 
         FIG. 16  schematically illustrates an embodiment of a virtual image of digitized three-dimensional foot data; 
         FIG. 17  schematically illustrates an embodiment of a virtual image of a template for a sole member; 
         FIG. 18  schematically illustrates an embodiment of a virtual image of a customized sole member; 
         FIG. 19  is an embodiment of an influence diagram; 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic cutaway view of an embodiment of a sole member during a process of forming apertures; 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic cutaway view of an embodiment of a sole member during a process of forming apertures; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic cutaway view of an embodiment of a sole member during a process of forming apertures; 
         FIG. 23  is an isometric side view of an embodiment of a sole member; 
         FIG. 24  is an embodiment of a flow chart for a method of making a custom sole member; 
         FIG. 25  is an isometric top view of an embodiment of a sole member; 
         FIG. 26  is an isometric bottom view of an embodiment of a sole member; 
         FIG. 27  is a longitudinal cross section of an embodiment of the sole member of  FIG. 26 ; and 
         FIG. 28  is a lateral cross section of an embodiment of the sole member of  FIG. 26 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIGS. 1-5  depict different embodiments of a portion of a cushioning element. A cushioning element can include provisions for increasing flexibility, fit, comfort, and/or stability during deformation or use of the cushioning element or article incorporating the cushioning element. Some of the embodiments of cushioning elements as disclosed herein may be utilized in various articles of apparel. In one embodiment, the cushioning elements may be used in an article of footwear. For example, as discussed in further detail below, in one embodiment, portions of a sole structure or sole member may incorporate or otherwise include a cushioning element. 
     For consistency and convenience, directional adjectives are also employed throughout this detailed description corresponding to the illustrated embodiments. The term “lateral” or “lateral direction” as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction extending along a width of a component or element. For example, a lateral direction may be oriented along a lateral axis  190  of a foot (see  FIG. 15 ), which axis may extend between a medial side and a lateral side of the foot. Additionally, the term “longitudinal” or “longitudinal direction” as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction extending across a length of an element or component (such as a sole member). In some embodiments, a longitudinal direction may be oriented along longitudinal axis  180 , which axis may extend from a forefoot region to a heel region of a foot (see  FIG. 5 ). It will be understood that each of these directional adjectives may also be applied to individual components of an article of footwear, such as an upper and/or a sole member. In addition, a vertical axis  170  refers to the axis perpendicular to a horizontal surface defined by longitudinal axis  180  and lateral axis  190 . 
       FIG. 1  depicts an embodiment of a first cushioning element (“first element”)  100 ,  FIG. 2  depicts an embodiment of a second cushioning element (“second element”)  200 ,  FIG. 3  depicts an embodiment of a third cushioning element (“third element”)  300 ,  FIG. 4  depicts an embodiment of a fourth cushioning element (“fourth element”)  400 , and  FIG. 5  depicts an embodiment of a fifth cushioning element (“fifth element”)  500 . As shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , in some embodiments, a cushioning element can include one or more apertures  150 . For purposes of this description, apertures  150  are openings, apertures, holes, tunnels, or spaces that are disposed within the cushioning element. Apertures  150  can include a void in some embodiments. Generally, apertures  150  are initially formed along an exterior or outer surface of the cushioning element, and can extend any distance, and along any orientation, through an interior portion  199  (e.g., the thickness, breadth, or width) of the cushioning element. It should be understood that the terms exterior or outer surface with reference to a sole member do not necessarily indicate whether the sole member is actually exposed to the outer elements. Instead, outer surface or exterior surface refers to the outermost, outward-facing layer of the sole member. Interior portion  199  can be disposed between an upper surface  152 , a lower surface  154 , and a sidewall in some embodiments. Throughout the specification, it should be understood that characteristics being described as associated with a single aperture or aperture set can also characterize any other aperture or aperture set that may be referred to in the various embodiments. 
     The embodiments described herein may also include or refer to techniques, concepts, features, elements, methods, and/or components from: (a) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,826, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising a Sole Member with Geometric Patterns,” (b) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,740, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising a Sole Member with Regional Patterns,” and (c) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,782, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising a Sole Member with Aperture Patterns,” the entirety of each application being herein incorporated by reference. 
     In different embodiments, cushioning elements may comprise any three-dimensional shape or geometry, including regular or irregular shapes. For example, cushioning elements may be substantially flat or narrow, and/or relatively thick or wide. The geometry and dimensions of a cushioning element can be configured for the application or exercise in which it will be used. For illustrative purposes, in  FIGS. 1-5 , the portions of cushioning elements have a generally oblong rectangular three-dimensional shape. Furthermore, for purposes of reference, as shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , each cushioning element may include upper surface  152  and lower surface  154  that is disposed opposite of upper surface  152 . In some cases, upper surface  152  can be disposed adjacent to or joined to another component, such as an upper (see  FIGS. 25 and 26 ). In addition, in some cases, lower surface  154  can be a ground-contacting surface. However, in other cases, lower surface  154  may be disposed adjacent to another material (such as an outsole). The cushioning elements can further include additional exterior-facing surfaces. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , the cushioning elements have four sidewalls, including a first side  156 , a second side  157 , a third side  158 , and a fourth side  159 . First side  156 , second side  157 , third side  158 , and fourth side  159  may extend between upper surface  152  and lower surface  154 . In addition, cushioning elements include a thickness  140  extending between upper surface  152  and lower surface  154  along vertical axis  170 , and a width  146  extending from second side  157  to fourth side  159  along lateral axis  190 , as well as a length  148  extending along longitudinal axis  180  from first side  156  to third side  158 . As noted in  FIG. 1 , thickness  140  may include an upper portion  182  and a lower portion  184 . Width  146  may include a forward portion  192  and a rear portion  194 . Furthermore, length  148  may include a first side portion  186  and a second side portion  188 . Upper surface  152 , lower surface  154 , and sidewalls as depicted herein are associated with an outer surface of the cushioning elements. 
     It should be understood that other embodiments can have a fewer or greater number of exterior surfaces, and that the cushioning elements and the different regions of cushioning elements shown herein are for illustrative purposes only. In other embodiments, cushioning elements may include any contour, and may be any size, shape, thickness, or dimension, including regular and irregular shapes. 
     In some embodiments, apertures  150  have a rounded shape. In other embodiments, apertures  150  may include a wide variety of other geometries, including regular and irregular shapes. Apertures  150  may have a cross-sectional shape that is round, square, or triangular, for example. In some embodiments, apertures  150  may have a variety of geometric shapes that may be chosen to impart specific aesthetic or functional properties to a cushioning element. In one embodiment, apertures  150  may comprise a void that has a substantially cylindrical shape. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional diameter of the aperture may be substantially consistent or uniform throughout the length of the aperture. 
     In some cases, apertures  150  can be provided on or through lower surface  154  or upper surface  152  of the cushioning element. In other cases, apertures  150  can be provided on or through a side surface of the cushioning element. In one embodiment, apertures  150  can be provided on or through the side surfaces (for example, along first side  156 , second side  157 , third side  158 , and/or fourth side  159 ) of the cushioning element as well as on lower surface  154  and upper surface  152  of the cushioning element. 
     In some embodiments, apertures  150  can provide means for decoupling or softening portions of a cushioning element in order to enhance its cushioning characteristics. For purposes of this disclosure, cushioning characteristics refer to the degree of fit, flexibility, cushioning, responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shock absorption, elasticity, and/or stability present in a portion of an element. For example, in some cases, apertures  150  can be formed in side portions and a lower portion of a cushioning element to reduce the cross-sectional profile of the element at particular regions and/or to facilitate increased flexibility between various portions of the element. In one embodiment, apertures  150  can be applied to side portions and an upper portion to form regions between adjacent portions of the element that articulate or bend with respect to one another. 
     Thus, in the present embodiments, the operation of the cushioning elements can involve providing a material variance in the element. The material variance can be accomplished by providing voids (apertures), which can comprise cut-outs through the cushioning element. As will be described below with respect to  FIGS. 20-22 , the cut-outs can involve a removal of material from the element, thereby providing softer and/or cushioned regions in the portions that include the apertures. 
     Generally, apertures  150  can comprise various openings or holes arranged in a variety of orientations and in a variety of locations on or through the cushioning element. For example, as shown in  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, a first aperture set  102  may include apertures  150  that extend in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  through thickness  140  of first element  100 . In a first cutaway section  104  of first element  100  of  FIG. 1 , it can be seen that the apertures of first aperture set  102  begin along lower surface  154  and extend toward upper surface  152 . Thus, apertures  150  of first aperture set  102  include a series of openings  142  (i.e., gaps or openings) along an exterior surface of first element  100 . In  FIG. 1 , lower surface  154  comprises the exterior surface in which openings  142  (shown here as partially formed in first cutaway section  104 ) are formed. As will be discussed further below, apertures  150  may extend from an initial hole along an exterior surface to form apertures of varying sizes and lengths through thickness  140  of a cushioning element. Apertures  150  may be blind-hole apertures in some embodiments, where only one end of each of the apertures is open or exposed, while the opposite end of each of the aperture remains enclosed within the thickness of the element (i.e., only one end of each aperture may be exposed on an exterior surface of the element). 
     Furthermore, in  FIG. 2 , it can be seen that in another embodiment, there can be a second aperture set  202  comprising apertures  150  that extend in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  through thickness  140  of second element  200 . In a second cutaway section  204  of second element  200  of  FIG. 2 , apertures of second aperture set  202  are formed along upper surface  152  and extend toward lower surface  154 . In addition, in  FIG. 2 , openings  142  that comprise an exposed end of apertures  150  can be seen disposed along upper surface  152 . 
     It should also be understood that in some embodiments of cushioning elements, there may be apertures  150  that are formed along multiple surfaces. For example, in  FIG. 3 , a third aperture set  302  comprising apertures  150  that extend in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  through thickness  140  of third element  300 . However, in this embodiment, as shown in a third cutaway section  304 , third aperture set  302  includes apertures  150  with openings  142  formed along both lower surface  154  and upper surface  152 . Thus, third aperture set  302  includes an upper set  324  and a lower set  326 . Apertures  150  comprising upper set  324  extend from upper surface  152  toward lower surface  154 , and apertures  150  comprising lower set  326  extend from lower surface  154  toward upper surface  152 . 
     In another example, as shown in  FIG. 4 , fourth aperture set  402  may comprise apertures  150  that extend along lateral axis  190  across width  146  of fourth element  400  and/or extend along longitudinal axis  180  across length  148  of fourth element  400 . In a fourth cutaway section  404  of fourth element  400 , it can be seen that some apertures of fourth aperture set  402  begin along first side  156  and extend toward third side  158 . Furthermore, additional apertures  150  begin along second side  157  and extend toward fourth side  159 . Thus, similar to the embodiments of  FIGS. 1-3 , apertures  150  of fourth aperture set  402  include a series of openings  142  along exterior surfaces of fourth element  400 . However, in this case, the sidewalls of fourth element  400  also comprise apertures  150 . 
     As described earlier with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , in some embodiments of cushioning elements, apertures  150  can be formed along multiple surfaces. For example, in  FIG. 5 , some apertures  150  of a fifth aperture set  502  extend in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  through thickness  140  of fifth element  500 , some apertures  150  of fifth aperture set  502  extend along lateral axis  190  through width  146  of fifth element  500 , and some apertures  150  of fifth aperture set  502  extend along longitudinal axis  180  through length  148  of fifth element  500 . Thus, as shown in a fifth cutaway section  504 , fifth aperture set  502  includes apertures  150  with openings  142  formed along both lower surface  154  and upper surface  152 , as well as in at least first side  156  and second side  157 . In other embodiments, openings  142  may be formed along third side  158  and/or fourth side  159 . In some embodiments, openings  142  may only be formed on one side or surface of fifth element  500 . 
     In different embodiments, the number of apertures  150  comprising each set of apertures can vary. For example, in one embodiment, first aperture set  102  can comprise between 1 and 100 apertures, or more than 100 apertures. In another embodiment, first aperture set  102  can comprise between 40 and 70 apertures. In still other embodiments, second aperture set  202  can include more than 100 apertures. In addition, in some embodiments, second aperture set  202  can include between 1 and 30 apertures. In other embodiments, second aperture set  202  can include more than 30 apertures. Similarly, in some embodiments, third aperture set  302 , fourth aperture set  402 , and/or fifth aperture set  502  can include a wide range of numbers of apertures  150 . Thus, depending on the cushioning characteristics desired, there can be more apertures or fewer apertures than illustrated in any set of apertures formed in a portion of a cushioning element. 
     As noted above, in some embodiments, apertures  150  may extend various distances through a cushioning element. For example, as shown in  FIG. 1 , some apertures  150  of first aperture set  102  may not extend above a lower portion  184  of first element  100 . However, other apertures  150  may extend further upward, above lower portion  184  and into upper portion  182 . Likewise, in some cases, apertures  150  of second aperture set  202  may only be disposed in upper portion  182 , while other apertures  150  may extend further downward. For example, an aperture may extend from upper surface  152 , and be disposed at least partially within lower portion  184 . Additionally, in some embodiments, apertures  150  of fourth aperture set  402  may be disposed only within first side portion  186 , second side portion  188 , forward portion  192 , or rear portion  194 . However, in other embodiments, apertures may extend further, and be disposed within multiple portions of fourth element  400 . It should be understood that the various portions can differ from that shown here and are for reference purposes only. Thus, apertures  150  can include any length from zero to nearly the entire length, width, or height of the cushioning element (including a diagonal length). In cases where the cushioning element varies in geometry from the generally oblong rectangular shape shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , apertures can be formed such that they extend up to the maximum length, thicknesses, breadth, or width associated with the cushioning element. Thus, in some embodiments, the length of each aperture can vary with the size or dimensions of the cushioning element. 
     Generally, the shape of one or more apertures  150  in a cushioning element can vary. In some cases, one or more apertures  150  may have a linear configuration or shape. In other cases, one or more apertures  150  may have a nonlinear configuration or shape. In the embodiments of  FIGS. 1-5 , apertures  150  are shown having a generally linear shape, for example. 
     In different embodiments, the dimensions of one or more apertures  150  relative to one another can vary. For example, referring to  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the lengths of each aperture in first aperture set  102  can vary. For example, in one embodiment, apertures  150  of first aperture set  102  may be longer than other apertures  150  of first aperture set  102 . Thus, in  FIG. 1 , a first aperture  110  has a smaller length than adjacent second aperture  112 . In other cases, however, the lengths of each aperture in first aperture set  102  can vary in another manner. First aperture  110  may have a length that is substantially similar to or greater than the length of second aperture  112 , for example. Thus, each aperture can have a length that differs from the length of other apertures, and apertures  150  located in different portions of a cushioning element can vary in length relative to one another. The length of an aperture can also vary with reference to longitudinal axis  180  and/or lateral axis  190  (as in fourth aperture set  402 ). Some examples of this variety will be described further below. 
     Additionally, the size of each aperture can vary. For purposes of this description, the size of an aperture can refer to the cross-sectional diameter or size of an aperture. In some cases, the volume associated with the interior of an aperture can be correlated with the average cross-sectional diameter of the aperture. Referring to  FIG. 3 , in some cases, each aperture in third aperture set  302  can have a substantially similar size (e.g., cross-sectional diameter). In other cases, two or more apertures in third aperture set  302  can have substantially different sizes. For example, a third aperture  310  has a size that is smaller than the size of adjoining fourth aperture  312 . In other cases, however, the sizes of each aperture in third aperture set  302  can vary in another manner. Third aperture  310  may have a size that is substantially similar to or greater than the size of fourth aperture  312 , for example. Thus, each aperture can have a size that differs from the size of other apertures, and apertures  150  located in different portions of a cushioning element can vary in size relative to one another. In other cases, the size of each aperture can vary with the size of the cushioning element. It should be understood that the size of an aperture can vary throughout a single aperture, such that one region of an aperture is larger or smaller than another region of the same aperture. However, in other embodiments, the size of an aperture may remain substantially constant throughout the length of the aperture. Some examples of this variety will be described further below. 
     In some embodiments, apertures on different portions of a cushioning element can be generally parallel with one another with respect to another surface or side of the element. In some cases, apertures extending from the same surface of a cushioning element may be generally parallel with one another, such that they do not intersect. In other words, the apertures may be generally oriented in a similar direction. For example, apertures formed on lower surface  154  or upper surface  152  may be similarly oriented in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170 . Thus, in different embodiments, apertures  150  may be associated with approximately similar longitudinal, lateral, or vertical orientations. In other embodiments, however, apertures on the side surfaces may not be parallel with one another. In one example, there may be apertures with openings  142  on first side  156  that are oriented in one direction, and apertures with openings  142  on first side  156  that are oriented along a different direction. Furthermore, it will be understood that in some embodiments, only some apertures may be generally aligned through upper portion  182 , lower portion  184 , first side portion  186 , second side portion  188 , forward portion  192 , and/or rear portion  194 , while other apertures disposed throughout the cushioning element may not be aligned. Therefore, it should be understood that while the embodiments of  FIGS. 1-5  show apertures  150  having lengths extending along either vertical axis  170 , longitudinal axis  180 , or lateral axis  190 , apertures can also be oriented so that they lie along any other direction (e.g., a diagonal or non-planar direction). For example, in some embodiments, apertures can form an angle less than 90 and greater than 0 degrees with respect to vertical axis  170 , lateral axis  190 , and/or longitudinal axis  180 . In some cases, apertures can form an angle between 30 and 60 degrees with respect to vertical axis  170 , lateral axis  190 , and/or longitudinal axis  180 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , some apertures of fourth aperture set  402  (such as those apertures that have openings  142  formed along first side  156 ) may also be positioned to be aligned with another aperture of fourth aperture set  402  (such as with an aperture that has a hole formed along third side  158 ). In another embodiment, an aperture with a hole formed along second side  157  may be approximately aligned with an aperture that has a hole formed along fourth side  159 . It will be understood that the approximate alignment between some apertures refers to an approximately similar arrangement for these apertures along vertical axis  170 , longitudinal axis  180 , or lateral axis  190 . For example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 3 , a fifth aperture  320  formed on upper surface  152  is approximately aligned with a sixth aperture  322  formed on lower surface  154 . 
     In a similar manner, one or more apertures of third aperture set  302 , fourth aperture set  402 , or fifth aperture set  502  may be approximately aligned with other apertures that have openings  142  disposed on the opposite surface. In other embodiments, however, apertures within a set may not be aligned with other apertures in the set. In addition, in some cases, only some apertures may be aligned. In particular, in embodiments where there are a greater number of apertures on one side than along the opposite side, it may not be possible to align all of the apertures. 
     As a result of the inclusion of different possible configurations of apertures  150 , a cushioning element may have varying responsiveness to forces. In other words, apertures  150  can be disposed in a pattern that can help attenuate ground reaction forces and absorb energy, imparting different cushioning characteristics to the element. In the embodiments of  FIGS. 6-14 , a sequence of images representing possible responses of the cushioning elements under a load are shown. 
     For purposes of providing a contextual example to the reader,  FIG. 6  depicts an embodiment of a first sole member  600 . In  FIG. 7 , a cross section taken along the line  7 - 7  of  FIG. 6  in first sole member  600  is shown, depicting a sixth element  700 . Sixth element  700  has a series of apertures  150  disposed along lower surface  154  and extending through thickness  140  at varying lengths. For example, apertures  150  disposed nearer to third side  158  are longer than apertures  150  disposed nearer to a center  750  of sixth element  700 . Furthermore, apertures  150  disposed nearer to center  750  of sixth element  700  are smaller than apertures  150  disposed closer to first side  156 . In some embodiments, apertures  150  may form a progression pattern. For purposes of this disclosure, a progression pattern refers to a succession or series pattern, where there is a movement or change toward a greater or lesser length or size. In some embodiments, the progression can be gradual, or occur in stages. In one embodiment, a gradual progression is one where the length of an aperture between two adjacent apertures has a value equal to or between the two lengths of the adjacent apertures. In some embodiments, the progression may be mathematical. In one embodiment, the progression may be approximately linear. In another embodiment, the progression may be approximately geometric. In some embodiments, the progression may be approximately trigonometric. For example, in one embodiment, the progression may be approximately sinusoidal. In some embodiments, apertures  150  may be arranged such that there is a generally predictable rise and fall to the heights of the apertures throughout the cushioning element. Thus, in some embodiments, apertures  150  may be “tuned” to provide a smooth feel to the cushioning element, and improve comfort for a user. In  FIGS. 7-8 , apertures  150  decrease in length as they approach center  750  of sixth element  700 , and then increase in length as they move further away from center  750 . A regular arrangement as shown in sixth element  700  may provide more consistent cushioning for a user in some cases. However, it should be understood that, in other embodiments, apertures  150  may have a random height arrangement. 
     For purposes of convenience, heights can be associated with different portions of sixth element  700 . In  FIG. 7 , a first height  710 , a second height  720 , and a third height  730  are identified. First height  710  is associated with the portion of sixth element  700  toward first side  156 , second height  720  is associated with the portion of sixth element  700  toward center  750 , and third height  730  is associated with the portion of sixth element  700  toward third side  158 . In  FIG. 7 , first height  710 , second height  720 , and third height  730  are substantially similar, such that thickness  140  is generally uniform throughout sixth element  700 . 
     When sixth element  700  undergoes a first load  800  (represented by arrows), as shown in  FIG. 8 , the arrangement of apertures  150  can alter the cushioning responsiveness of the material. In  FIG. 8 , first load  800  is directed downward in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  and distributed in a substantially constant or uniform manner over upper surface  152  of sixth element  700 . As sixth element  700  experiences the force of first load  800 , sixth element  700  can deform. 
     In some embodiments, when cushioning elements are compressed, they can deform in different ways. The deformation that occurs can be related to the location of any apertures, and/or the size and orientation of the apertures. Thus, apertures  150  may function together within the material of the cushioning element to provide variations in the relative stiffness, degree of ground reaction force attenuation, and energy absorption properties of the cushioning element. These cushioning characteristics may be altered to meet the specific demands of the activity for which the cushioning element is intended to be used, through the methods described herein. 
     In some embodiments, when the compressive force of first load  800  is applied to sixth element  700 , for example, the areas that include more apertures and/or apertures of greater size or length may deform to a greater extent than the portions of sixth element  700  that have fewer apertures and/or apertures of smaller size or length. As a result of the application of first load  800 , the aperture openings can be compressed and/or deformed, as shown in  FIG. 8 . In the region nearest to third side  158 , where there are longer apertures relative to the center of sixth element  700 , the deformation is greater. Similarly, in the region nearest to first side  156 , where the apertures are longer relative to the apertures toward center  750 , the degree of deformation is greater. Thus, the least deformation of sixth element  700  occurs near center  750 , where there are shorter or smaller apertures. 
     In some embodiments, the deformation that occurs throughout sixth element  700  can be measurable in part by the changed shape and height of sixth element  700  and/or the changed shape and heights of apertures  150 . Specifically, in  FIG. 8 , a fourth height  810 , a fifth height  820 , and a sixth height  830  are identified. Fourth height  810  is associated with the portion of sixth element  700  toward first side  156 , fifth height  820  is associated with the portion of sixth element  700  toward center  750  of sixth element  700 , and sixth height  830  is associated with the portion of sixth element  700  toward third side  158 . Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , as a result of first load  800 , it can be seen that fourth height  810  is less than first height  710 , fifth height  820  is less than second height  720 , and sixth height  830  is less than third height  730 . Furthermore, in  FIG. 8 , fourth height  810 , fifth height  820 , and sixth height  830  are substantially different from one another, such that thickness  140  is generally non-uniform throughout sixth element  700 . In other words, various contours have been formed along upper surface  152  where first load  800  has been applied. The contours may vary in a manner generally corresponding to the arrangement of apertures  150  disposed in sixth element  700  in some embodiments. Thus, fifth height  820  is greater than either fourth height  810  or sixth height  830 , and sixth height  830  is greater than fourth height  810 . 
     In some embodiments, the shape or orientation of the apertures may also change as a result of an applied force. Depending on the magnitude and the direction of the force(s) applied, the changes in area or shape may vary. For example, referring to  FIG. 8 , in one embodiment, sixth element  700  may be exposed to a force or load whereby apertures become deformed not only by becoming more compact, but also by curling or otherwise becoming increasingly non-linear and/or irregular. In one embodiment, the area or volume of an aperture may decrease when a compressive force is applied. 
     Similarly, compressive forces can produce responses in other types of cushioning elements. For purposes of providing a contextual example to the reader,  FIG. 9  depicts an embodiment of a second sole member  900 . In FIG.  10 , a cross section taken along the line  10 - 10  of  FIG. 9  in second sole member  900  depicts an unloaded seventh cushioning element (“seventh element”)  1000 . Seventh element  1000  has a series of apertures  150  disposed along lower surface  154  and extending through thickness  140  at varying lengths. In  FIG. 10 , apertures  150  disposed nearer to third side  158  are smaller than apertures  150  disposed nearer toward a center  1050  of seventh element  1000 . Furthermore, apertures  150  disposed nearer to first side  156  are also smaller than apertures  150  disposed nearer toward center  1050 . For purposes of convenience, heights are associated with different portions of seventh element  1000 . In  FIG. 10 , a seventh height  1010 , an eighth height  1020 , and a ninth height  1030  are identified. Seventh height  1010  is associated with the portion of seventh element  1000  toward first side  156 , eighth height  1020  is associated with the portion of seventh element  1000  toward center  1050 , and ninth height  1030  is associated with the portion of seventh element  1000  toward third side  158 . In  FIG. 10 , seventh height  1010 , eighth height  1020 , and ninth height  1030  are substantially similar, such that thickness  140  is generally uniform throughout seventh element  1000 . 
     However, when seventh element  1000  undergoes a second load  1100  (represented by arrows), as shown in  FIG. 11 , the arrangement of apertures  150  can alter the responsiveness of the material. In  FIG. 11 , second load  1100  is directed downward in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  and distributed in a substantially constant, uniform manner over upper surface  152  of seventh element  1000 . As seventh element  1000  experiences the force of second load  1100 , seventh element  1000  can deform, as described above with respect to  FIGS. 7 and 8 . 
     When the compressive force of second load  1100  is applied to seventh element  1000 , for example, the areas that include more apertures and/or apertures of greater size or length may deform to a greater extent than the portions of seventh element  1000  that have fewer apertures and/or apertures of smaller size or length. As a result of the application of second load  1100 , the aperture openings may be compressed and deformed. In the region toward center  1050 , where the apertures are larger relative to other apertures, the degree of deformation is greater. In the regions nearest third side  158  and first side  156 , where there are smaller apertures (relative to center  1050  of seventh element  1000 ), the deformation is not as great. 
     In some embodiments, the deformation that occurs throughout seventh element  1000  can be measurable in part by the changed shape and height of seventh element  1000  and/or the changed shape and heights of apertures  150 . In  FIG. 11 , a tenth height  1110 , an eleventh height  1120 , and a twelfth height  1130  can be identified. Tenth height  1110  is associated with the portion of seventh element  1000  toward first side  156 , eleventh height  1120  is associated with the portion of seventh element  1000  toward center  1050 , and twelfth height  1130  is associated with the portion of seventh element  1000  toward third side  158 . Thus, referring to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , in response to second load  1100 , tenth height  1110  is less than seventh height  1010 , eleventh height  1120  is less than eighth height  1020 , and twelfth height  1130  is less than ninth height  1030 . Furthermore, the heights across seventh element  1000  can differ, such that thickness  140  is generally non-uniform throughout seventh element  1000 . In other words, various contours can be formed along upper surface  152  where second load  1100  has been applied. 
     The contours may vary in a manner generally corresponding to the arrangement of apertures  150  disposed in seventh element  1000  in some embodiments. Thus, if apertures  150  are arranged in a repeating pattern, as seen with the apertures associated with first side  156  and the apertures associated with third side  158 , which are arranged in a “mirrored” configuration, the deformation that occurs can be similarly mirrored, and the change in height may also reflect this mirroring. Thus, while eleventh height  1120  is less than either tenth height  1110  or twelfth height  1130 , tenth height  1110  and twelfth height  1130  may be substantially similar. In other words, while some areas can be provided with different cushioning properties relative to other areas, there may also be areas that are provided with similar cushioning properties. This was also depicted in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     Likewise, compressive forces can produce responses in other cushioning elements. For purposes of providing a contextual example to the reader,  FIG. 12  depicts an embodiment of a third sole member  1200 . In  FIG. 13 , a cross section taken along the line  13 - 13  of  FIG. 12  in third sole member  1200  depicts an unloaded eighth cushioning element (“eighth element”)  1300 . Eighth element  1300  has a series of apertures  150  disposed along the sidewall surfaces of the element. In other words, the apertures extend in a generally horizontal direction (e.g., a direction generally aligned with lateral axis  190  or a direction generally aligned with longitudinal axis  180 ) through first side  156  and third side  158 , as described earlier with respect to  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
     Thus, apertures  150  in eighth element  1300  are disposed such that they extend through width  146  at varying lengths. Furthermore, in  FIG. 13 , apertures  150  disposed along third side  158  are larger than apertures  150  disposed along first side  156  of eighth element  1300 . In other words, apertures  150  that extend toward a center  1350  from first side  156  are narrower than the apertures that extend toward center  1350  from third side  158 . In addition, no apertures are disposed within the portion associated with center  1350  of eighth element  1300 . 
     For purposes of convenience, heights are associated with different portions of eighth element  1300 . In  FIG. 13 , a thirteenth height  1310 , a fourteenth height  1320 , and a fifteenth height  1330  are identified. Thirteenth height  1310  is associated with the portion of eighth element  1300  disposed proximate first side  156 , fourteenth height  1320  is associated with the portion of eighth element  1300  disposed proximate center  1350 , and fifteenth height  1330  is associated with the portion of eighth element  1300  disposed proximate third side  158 . In  FIG. 13 , thirteenth height  1310 , fourteenth height  1320 , and fifteenth height  1330  are substantially similar, such that thickness  140  is generally uniform throughout eighth element  1300 . 
     However, when eighth element  1300  undergoes a third load  1400  (represented by arrows), as shown in  FIG. 14 , the arrangement of apertures  150  can alter the responsiveness of the material. In  FIG. 14 , third load  1400  is directed downward in a direction generally aligned with vertical axis  170  and distributed in a substantially constant manner over upper surface  152  of eighth element  1300 . As eighth element  1300  experiences the force of third load  1400 , eighth element  1300  can deform, as described above with respect to  FIGS. 7-11 . 
     When the compressive force of third load  1400  is applied to eighth element  1300 , for example, the areas that include more apertures and/or apertures of greater size or length may deform to a greater extent than the portions of eighth element  1300  that have apertures of smaller size. As a result of the application of third load  1400 , the aperture openings can be compressed and/or deformed. In the region toward center  1350 , where there are no apertures, the degree of deformation can be minimal relative to other areas that include apertures. Thus, in the regions nearest third side  158  and first side  156 , where there are apertures (relative to center  1350  of eighth element  1300 ), the deformation is more significant. Furthermore, as the apertures nearest third side  158  are larger than the apertures nearest first side  156 , there may be further differences in how eighth element  1300  responds to third load  1400 . 
     In  FIG. 14 , a sixteenth height  1410 , a seventeenth height  1420 , and an eighteenth height  1430  can be identified. Sixteenth height  1410  is associated with the portion of eighth element  1300  toward first side  156 , seventeenth height  1420  is associated with the portion of eighth element  1300  along center  1350 , and eighteenth height  1430  is associated with the portion of eighth element  1300  toward third side  158 . Referring to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , as a result of third load  1400 , sixteenth height  1410  is less than thirteenth height  1310 , seventeenth height  1420  is less than fourteenth height  1320 , and eighteenth height  1430  is less than fifteenth height  1330 . Furthermore, similar to sixth element  700  and seventh element  1000 , the heights across eighth element  1300  can differ, such that thickness  140  is generally non-uniform throughout eighth element  1300 . In other words, various contours can be formed along upper surface  152  where third load  1400  has been applied. The contours can vary in a manner generally corresponding to the arrangement of apertures  150  disposed in eighth element  1300  in some embodiments. In  FIG. 14 , seventeenth height  1420  is greater than either sixteenth height  1410  or eighteenth height  1430 . In addition, sixteenth height  1410  may be greater than eighteenth height  1430 , as apertures associated with the region corresponding to sixteenth height  1410  are substantially more narrow than the apertures in the region corresponding to eighteenth height  1430 . 
     Thus, exposure to various forces may also produce a change in the shape or geometry, size, and/or height of cushioning elements and the apertures that may be disposed within the cushioning element. It should be understood that while first load  800 , second load  1100 , and third load  1400  are shown as being generally uniform, other loads may be non-uniform. Depending on the magnitude and the direction of the force(s) applied, changes in area, volume, dimensions, and/or shape of the cushioning element may vary. In some embodiments, a different force may permit the cushioning element to expand in a lateral or longitudinal direction, such that the overall length of the element increases. In other embodiments, different forces may alter the responses of the cushioning element. 
     It should be noted that the various degrees of deformation described and shown here are for purposes of illustration. In some situations, the cushioning element may not undergo compression to the extent depicted, or may deform more or less, depending on various factors such as the materials used in the production of the cushioning element, as well as its incorporation in other objects or articles. For example, if a cushioning element is joined or attached to a less reactive material, the compressive and/or expansive properties described herein may differ, or be limited. In some embodiments, when the cushioning element is joined to a strobel or other structure, the capacity of expansion may decrease. In some embodiments, the perimeter of the cushioning element may be fixed, e.g., bonded to a strobel layer or another sole layer. However, in such embodiments, the cushioning characteristics of the cushioning element may still facilitate increased flexibility and cushioning. 
     Furthermore, it should be understood that while sixth element  700 , seventh element  1000 , and eighth element  1300  may experience various forces and deformation, the deformation may be elastic. In other words, once the load is removed or decreased, the cushioning element may recover and return to its original dimensions and/or shape, or to dimensions and/or a shape substantially similar to the original, unloaded configuration. 
     As noted above, the cushioning elements described herein may be utilized with various components or articles. For example, the degree of elasticity, cushioning, and flexibility of a sole component such as a sole member can be important factors associated with comfort and injury prevention for an article of footwear.  FIGS. 15-18  depict an embodiment of a method of designing a customized sole member for an article of footwear. 
       FIG. 15  shows the three-dimensional shape of a plantar surface  1502  of a foot  1500  being measured using a data collection apparatus  1528 . In some cases, data collection apparatus  1528  can be a force platform. In other cases, data collection apparatus  1528  can comprise one of the commercially available systems for measuring plantar pressure (e.g., Emed sensor platform, Pedar insole system, F-Scan system, Musgrave footprint system, etc.). Plantar pressure measurement systems can provide a means of obtaining specialized information regarding a foot that can be used to customize footwear for individuals. In some embodiments, the magnitude of pressure can be determined by dividing the measured force by the known area of the sensor or sensors evoked while the foot was in contact with the supporting surface in some embodiments. 
     For purposes of reference, foot  1500 , representations of foot  1500 , components associated with foot  1500  (such as an article of footwear, an upper, a sole member, a computer-aided design of foot  1500 , and other components/representations) may be divided into different regions. Foot  1500  may include a forefoot region  1504 , a midfoot region  1506  and a heel region  1508 . Forefoot region  1504  may be generally associated with the toes and joints connecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfoot region  1506  may be generally associated with the metatarsals of a foot. Heel region  1508  may be generally associated with the heel of a foot, including the calcaneus bone. In addition, foot  1500  may include a lateral side  1510  and a medial side  1512 . In particular, lateral side  1510  and medial side  1512  may be associated with opposing sides of foot  1500 . Furthermore, both lateral side  1510  and medial side  1512  may extend through forefoot region  1504 , midfoot region  1506 , and heel region  1508 . It will be understood that forefoot region  1504 , midfoot region  1506 , and heel region  1508  are only intended for purposes of description and are not intended to demarcate precise regions of foot  1500 . Likewise, lateral side  1510  and medial side  1512  are intended to represent generally two sides of foot  1500 , rather than precisely demarcating foot  1500  into two halves. 
     Furthermore, in the examples depicted in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , foot  1500  and/or a virtual scan  1600  of a foot may include a medial arch area  1520 , associated with an upward curve along medial side  1512  of midfoot region  1506 , and a lateral arch area  1522 , associated with an upward curve along lateral side  1510  of midfoot region  1506 . The region corresponding to lateral arch area  1522  is best seen in  FIG. 16 , which illustrates a computer screen or virtual image of digitized three-dimensional foot data. As described below, the curvature of medial arch area  1520  and lateral arch area  1522  may vary from one foot to another. In addition, foot  1500  includes a transverse arch  1524  that extends along lateral axis  190  near forefoot region  1504  along plantar surface  1502 . Foot  1500  also includes a heel prominence  1526 , which is the prominence located in heel region  1508  of foot  1500 . As shown in  FIG. 15 , foot  1500  is illustrated as a left foot; however, it should be understood that the following description may equally apply to a mirror image of a foot or, in other words, a right foot. 
     Although the embodiments throughout this detailed description depict components configured for use in athletic articles of footwear, in other embodiments, the components may be configured to be used for various other kinds of footwear including, but not limited to, hiking boots, soccer shoes, football shoes, sneakers, running shoes, cross-training shoes, rugby shoes, basketball shoes, baseball shoes as well as other kinds of shoes. Moreover, in some embodiments, components may be configured for various kinds of non-sports related footwear, including, but not limited to, slippers, sandals, high-heeled footwear, loafers as well as any other kinds of footwear. 
     Components associated with an article of footwear are generally made to fit various sizes of feet. In the embodiments shown, the various articles are configured with approximately the same footwear size. In different embodiments, the components could be configured with any footwear size, including any conventional sizes for footwear known in the art. In some embodiments, an article of footwear may be designed to fit the feet of a child. In other embodiments, an article of footwear may be designed to fit the feet of an adult. Still, in other embodiments, an article of footwear may be designed to fit the feet of a man or a woman. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15 and 16 , a first step of the present method is to collect data related to foot  1500 , such as using a barefoot pressure measurement or other data, from the foot being measured on data collection apparatus  1528 . Data collection apparatus  1528  may include provisions for capturing information about an individual&#39;s feet. Specifically, in some embodiments, data collection apparatus  1528  may include provisions to capture geometric information about one or more feet. This geometric information can include size (e.g., length, width, and/or height) as well as three-dimensional information corresponding to the customer&#39;s feet (e.g., forefoot geometry, midfoot geometry, heel geometry, and ankle geometry). In at least one embodiment, the captured geometric information for a customer&#39;s foot can be used to generate a three-dimensional model of the foot for use in later stages of manufacturing. In particular, the customized foot information can include at least the width and length of the foot. In some cases, the customized foot information may include information about the three-dimensional foot geometry. Customized foot information can be used to create a three-dimensional model of the foot. Embodiments may include any other provisions for capturing customized foot information. The present embodiments could make use of any of the methods and systems for forming an upper disclosed in Bruce, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/565,582, filed Dec. 10, 2014, titled “Portable Manufacturing System for Articles of Footwear,” the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     Some embodiments could use any of the systems, devices, and methods for imaging a foot as disclosed in Leedy et al., U.S. Patent Publication Number 2013/0258085, published Oct. 3, 2013, and titled “Foot Imaging and Measurement Apparatus,” (previously U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/433,463, filed Mar. 29, 2012), the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     In  FIG. 16 , a screen  1602  displays virtual scan  1600  of plantar pressure distributions for foot  1500 . Virtual scan  1600  may provide a measured foot image or representation, including various distinct regions to indicate the pressures applied or experienced by foot  1500  over its plantar surface  1502 . In one example, pressures can include a first pressure area  1604 , a second pressure area  1606 , a third pressure area  1608 , a fourth pressure area  1610 , and a fifth pressure area  1612 . An additional pressure area  1614  is indicated where plantar surface  1502  did not make an impressionable contact with the surface of data collection apparatus  1528 . In some embodiments, colors (not shown in  FIG. 16 ) can be included in virtual scan  1600  to more readily distinguish variations within the measured pressure data. It should be noted that in other embodiments, different, fewer, or more pressure areas may be measured or indicated. 
     As seen in  FIG. 16 , in some embodiments, the data collected may include scan  1600  of foot  1500 . In some embodiments, scan  1600  may be used to assess the three-dimensional shape and obtain digital data in a two-dimensional or a three-dimensional reference frame. In other embodiments, scan  1600  can provide a baseline shape for a footwear component. In one embodiment, three-dimensional scanned images may be used to measure the overall shape of a person&#39;s feet, and obtain two-dimensional measurements such as an outline, length, and width of foot  1500 . Obtaining foot geometry can establish a baseline record for the person in one embodiment. In some embodiments, other input may also be provided to supplement information regarding the person being measured. In different embodiments, additional data such as toe height information may also be obtained. In other embodiments, plaster casts of a person&#39;s foot may be taken and digitized. Additionally, other digital or imaging techniques that may be employed to capture two- and three-dimensional foot shape and profile can be used to construct and/or supplement scan  1600 . In other embodiments, the person whose foot is being measured may provide answers to questions describing the person&#39;s physical characteristics, limitations, preferences, and/or personal lifestyle, which may impact the design of the various parts described herein. 
     In different embodiments, a sole member may provide one or more functions for an article of footwear. In  FIG. 17 , an image of a template of a sole member  1700  is displayed on a screen  1702 . In some embodiments, sole member  1700  may attenuate ground reaction forces when compressed between the foot and the ground during walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. The configuration of sole member  1700  may vary significantly in different embodiments to include a variety of conventional or non-conventional structures. In some cases, the configuration of sole member  1700  can be selected or customized according to one or more types of ground surfaces on which sole member  1700  may be used. Examples of ground surfaces include, but are not limited to, natural turf, synthetic turf, dirt, as well as other surfaces. 
     Upon obtaining measurements of foot  1500  (see  FIG. 15 ), sole member  1700  may be adjusted or altered in different embodiments. As seen in the virtual representation depicted in  FIG. 18 , using the data collected from the steps above, a first custom sole  1800  may be designed. In some embodiments, the design may utilize an application of an integrated computer-aided design such as a computer-automated manufacturing (CAD-CAM) process. Sole member  1700 , or any other template previously selected, may be provided as an input to the computer design program. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional foot shape data from virtual scan  1600  in  FIG. 16  is also provided to the program. 
     In different embodiments, virtual scan  1600  may provide information regarding foot shape and pressure to allow appropriate fit and comfort within the article of footwear. The information may be used to form first custom sole  1800 . In some embodiments, data from virtual scan  1600  may be superimposed or otherwise incorporated into the template of sole member  1700  (see  FIGS. 16 and 17 ). For example, there may be a process of aligning the data representing the plantar pressures of foot  1500  with sole member  1700  and generating a partial or complete design of first custom sole  1800 . In one embodiment, pressure contour lines  1806  may be generated during the design of first custom sole  1800 . The pressure distribution may be adjusted to a “best-fit” position based upon user input in some embodiments. Once the distribution is finalized, a resiliency profile may be created. For purposes of this disclosure, a resiliency profile is a personalized pressure distribution for a user that may include the data collected during the steps described above. In some embodiments, the resiliency profile may be utilized in the production of first custom sole  1800 . Thus, in one embodiment, after the resiliency profile comprising an individual&#39;s plantar pressure distributions is aligned with the template of sole member  1700 , a customized sole member may be formed or manufactured. 
     It should be understood that, in different embodiments, the design of a sole member may include various modifications. Customized modifications may provide individual users with a wider range of comfort and fit. For example, different users may have differences in the height of the arch of foot  1500 . As described above, foot  1500  may include multiple arches. Generally, the arch is a raised curve on the bottom surface of foot  1500 . When the tendons of foot  1500  pull a normal amount, foot  1500  generally forms a moderate or normal arch. However, when tendons do not pull together properly, there may be little or no arch. This is called “flat foot” or fallen arch. Over-pronation of a foot may be common for those with flat feet. The framework of a foot can collapse, causing the foot to flatten and adding stress to other parts of the foot. Individuals with flat feet may need orthotics to control the flattening of the foot. Moreover, the opposite may also occur, though high foot arches are less common than flat feet. Without adequate support, highly arched feet tend to be painful because more stress is placed on the section of the foot between the ankle and toes. This condition can make it difficult to fit into shoes. Individuals who have high arches usually need foot support. It should be noted that such variations in arch height are one of many possible examples of customized foot geometry that may be incorporated into a design. 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , an embodiment of an influence diagram  1900  is depicted. Influence diagram  1900  reflects some of the factors or variables that can be considered, incorporated, and/or used during the generation of the resiliency profile, permitting customization of cushioning characteristics  1950  of a sole member. For example, a first factor  1910  includes an individual&#39;s measured plantar pressure for each foot, which was discussed above with respect to  FIG. 15-16 . In addition, a second factor  1920  may include the materials that will be used to form the custom sole member. A third factor  1930  can be the individual user&#39;s own personal preferences regarding the type or level of cushioning desired. A fourth factor  1940  may be the activity or sport that the user will be generally engaging in while using the custom sole member. In some cases, the sole member can be designed or tailored to provide special cushioning in areas or regions of the sole member that typically experience more force or pressure from the foot during specific activities. Thus, in some embodiments, one or more of these factors can contribute to cushioning characteristics  1950  of a sole member. It should be understood that influence diagram  1900  is provided as an example, and many other factors not listed here may be included in other embodiments. Furthermore, one or more factors listed in influence diagram  1900  may be removed from consideration depending on the desired output or the goal of the custom sole member. 
     Once a design has been generated, as with first custom sole  1800 , the sole member may be manufactured. In some embodiments, the modifications may include regions of the sole member with apertures  150  disposed along different portions of the sole member. In some embodiments, a sole member can be molded in a manner that creates apertures in the sole member. An article of footwear including apertures can be formed in any manner. In some embodiments, apertures can be created in a sole member using any known methods of cutting or drilling. For example, in one embodiment, apertures can be created using laser cutting techniques. Specifically, in some cases, a laser can be used to remove material from a sole member in a manner that forms apertures in the sole member. In another embodiment, a hot knife process could be used for forming apertures in a sole member. Examples of methods for forming apertures on a sole member are disclosed in McDonald, U.S. Pat. No. 7,607,241, issued Oct. 27, 2009, titled “Article of Footwear with an Articulated Sole Structure,” (previously U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/869,604, filed Oct. 9, 2007), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In other embodiments, however, any other type of cutting method can be used for forming apertures. Furthermore, in some cases, two or more different techniques can be used for forming apertures. As an example, in another embodiment, apertures disposed on a side surface of a sole member can be formed using laser cutting, while apertures on a lower surface of the sole member could be formed during a molding process. Still further, different types of techniques could be used according to the material used for a sole member. For example, laser cutting may be used in cases where the sole member is made of a foam material. 
     In  FIGS. 20-22 , a sequence of figures depicting the formation of first custom sole  1800 , including apertures, is shown. Referring to  FIG. 20 , one or more apertures can be applied to or formed in first custom sole  1800  using laser drills  2000 . In this case, laser drills  2000  include a first laser  2002 , a second laser  2004 , a third laser  2006 , and a fourth laser  2008 . In other cases, there may be a fewer or greater number of lasers. In  FIG. 20 , laser drills  2000  have begun to engage the material of first custom sole  1800 , and a few apertures are being formed along each surface of first custom sole  1800 . In  FIG. 20 , first laser  2002  is forming a first aperture  2010 , second laser  2004  is forming a second aperture  2020 , third laser  2006  is forming a third aperture  2030 , and fourth laser  2008  is forming a fourth aperture  2040 . Each aperture can be associated with an opening  2102  along the outer surface. Although only apertures in one general region are shown in this example, it will be understood that a similar method could be used for creating apertures in any other region of first custom sole  1800 . It should further be understood that laser drills  2000  may include provisions for moving along different directions in order to direct the laser beam to the desired location. Furthermore, the sole member may be disposed such that it may be automatically or manually moved to receive the laser beam at the appropriate location. In addition, while all four laser drills  2000  are shown in use in  FIGS. 20-22 , in other embodiments, only one, two, or three lasers may be engaged with the material. 
     Thus, referring to  FIGS. 20-22 , multiple lasers can be used to simultaneously form two or more different apertures along different areas of first custom sole  1800 . During a first step, illustrated in  FIG. 20 , first laser  2002  may be associated with lateral side  1510 , second laser  2004  may be associated with lower surface  154 , third laser  2006  may be associated with medial side  1512 , and fourth laser  2008  may be associated with upper surface  152 . Following this, during a second step that is illustrated in  FIG. 21 , one or more of first laser  2002 , second laser  2004 , third laser  2006 , and fourth laser  2008  may move so that one or more laser beams may cut through a different portion or region of the material of first custom sole  1800 . Finally, during a third step that is illustrated in  FIG. 22 , first laser  2002 , second laser  2004 , third laser  2006 , and fourth laser  2008  may remove material from the rearmost portion of first custom sole  1800 , forming apertures  150  throughout the desired portions of first custom sole  1800 . It may be recalled that apertures may be formed such that they differ in one or more respects from one another, or they may be formed in a uniform manner, such that they are substantially similar in size, length, and shape. Furthermore, it should be understood that laser drills  2000  may be oriented at an angle different from those shown in  FIGS. 20-22 , such that laser drills  2000  can form apertures  150  oriented in a diagonal or non-parallel manner with respect to vertical axis  170 , longitudinal axis  180 , and/or lateral axis  190 . 
     Thus, as described herein, in some embodiments, the arrangement of apertures on a sole member could be varied to tune properties of the sole member for specific types of physical or personal characteristics, and/or athletic activities. For example, in some cases, the arrangement of apertures on a sole member could be selected according to the type of sport for which the article of footwear is intended. In some embodiments, a manufacturer could vary the arrangement of apertures for various types of footwear, including, but not limited to, soccer footwear, running footwear, cross-training footwear, basketball footwear, as well as other types of footwear. Additionally, in other embodiments, the arrangement of apertures on a sole member could be varied according to the gender of the intended user. For example, in some cases, the aperture arrangements may vary between footwear for men and footwear for women. Still further, in some embodiments, the arrangement of apertures on a sole member could be varied according to preferences of a user for achieving desired performance effects. As an example, a desire for increased flexibility on a lateral side of the article can be accommodated by increasing the number and/or size of apertures on the lateral side of the sole member. In addition, in some embodiments, the configuration of apertures on a sole could be varied to achieve various visual or graphical effects. Furthermore, as discussed above, the arrangement of apertures can be individually customized by measuring various pressure regions of a person&#39;s foot and applying that information to the positioning and type of apertures on the sole member. 
     It should be understood that methods of customizing aperture configuration for particular sports, gender, and/or personal preferences can be achieved in any manner. In one embodiment, a method of customizing aperture configuration for an article can include provisions for allowing a user to select a customized aperture arrangement by interacting with a website that provides customization tools for varying the number and/or geometry of various apertures. Examples of different customization systems that can be used for customizing aperture configurations are disclosed in Allen et al., U.S. Patent Publication Number 2005/0071242, published Mar. 31, 2005, titled “Method and System for Custom-Manufacturing Footwear,” (previously U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/675,237, filed Sep. 30, 2003), and Potter et al., U.S. Patent Publication Number 2004/0024645, published Feb. 5, 2004, titled “Custom Fit Sale of Footwear,” (previously U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/099,685, filed Mar. 14, 2002) the entirety of both being hereby disclosed by reference. It will be understood that the method of customizing aperture arrangements for an article of footwear are not limited to use with any particular customization system, and in general, any type of customization system known in the art could be used. 
     Articles of the embodiments discussed above may be made from materials known in the art for making articles of footwear. For example, a sole member may be made from any suitable material, including, but not limited to, elastomers, siloxanes, natural rubber, other synthetic rubbers, aluminum, steel, natural leather, synthetic leather, foams, or plastics. In an exemplary embodiment, materials for a sole member can be selected to enhance the overall flexibility, fit, and stability of the article. In one embodiment, a foam material can be used with a sole member, as foam can provide the desired elasticity and strength. In another embodiment, a rubber material could be used to make a midsole of a sole member. In still another embodiment, a thermoplastic material could be used with a sole member. For example, in one embodiment, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) may be used to make a midsole for a sole member. In still other embodiments, a sole member may comprise a multi-density insert that comprises at least two regions of differing densities. For example, in one other embodiment, a midsole of a sole member could be configured to receive one or more inserts. Examples of different types of inserts that could be used are disclosed in Yu et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,941,938, issued May 17, 2011, titled “Article of Footwear with Lightweight Sole Assembly,” (previously U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/752,348, filed Mar. 23, 2007) the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Also, an upper may be made from any suitable material known in the art, including, but not limited to, nylon, natural leather, synthetic leather, natural rubber, or synthetic rubber. 
     An article of footwear can include provisions for adjusting the flexibility characteristics of a sole member with a plurality of apertures. In some embodiments, different materials can be used with different portions of a sole. In an exemplary embodiment, portions of a sole can be filled with additional material or components to provide different types of cushioning, feel, and flexibility for a sole member. For example, in one embodiment, a core portion of a sole member may comprise a fluid-filled member, such as an air bladder. In another embodiment, one or more portions of a sole member could include hollow cavities capable of receiving fluid or other materials. 
     In  FIG. 23 , an embodiment of the completed first custom sole  1800  is shown with foot  1500 . As shown in  FIG. 23 , first custom sole  1800  includes apertures  150  in regions that generally correspond to the regions of foot  1500  that were indicated to have increased plantar pressures (see  FIGS. 15 and 16 ). In other words, the plantar pressure distribution comprising pressure contour lines  1806  (see  FIG. 18 ) is generally aligned with the disposition of apertures  150  in first custom sole  1800 . Thus, in one embodiment, first pressure area  1604 , second pressure area  1606 , third pressure area  1608 , fourth pressure area  1610 , and/or fifth pressure area  1612  (see  FIG. 16 ) can be accommodated by or correspond to different sets of apertures  150  formed in first custom sole  1800 . 
     In  FIG. 23 , a first set of apertures  2310 , a second set of apertures  2320 , a third set of apertures  2330 , and a fourth set of apertures  2340  are shown. Referring to  FIG. 16 , first pressure area  1604  is associated with the toes of foot  1500 . As a result, in  FIG. 23 , first set of apertures  2310  are disposed near the foremost area of forefoot region  1504 . In addition, second pressure area  1606  and third pressure area  1608  are associated with the inner and outer ball of foot  1500  in forefoot region  1504  (see  FIG. 16 ). Thus, second set of apertures  2320  have been formed along forefoot region  1504  of first custom sole  1800  in  FIG. 23 . Additionally, fourth pressure area  1610  in  FIG. 16  is associated with the longitudinal arch of foot  1500 , and so third set of apertures  2330  in  FIG. 23  have been formed through midfoot region  1506  of first custom sole  1800 . Finally, as fifth pressure area  1612  is associated with heel region  1508  of foot  1500  (see  FIG. 16 ), fourth set of apertures  2340  have been disposed along heel region  1508  of first custom sole  1800  in  FIG. 23 . Although not illustrated here, it should be understood that other areas of foot  1500  may also be cushioned in different ways. 
     Depending on the magnitude of the measured plantar pressures, apertures in each area can be larger or more numerous. In other words, in areas of the foot associated with higher plantar pressures, the number and/or size of apertures may be increased. For example, in some embodiments, the plantar pressure associated with heel region  1508  may be largest. In such embodiments, there can be one or more larger apertures  2350  disposed in heel region  1508  relative to other regions of first custom sole  1800 , as shown in  FIG. 23 . 
     Thus, in some embodiments, custom sole members as described herein can cushion the plantar pressures associated with forefoot region  1504 , midfoot region  1506 , and/or heel region  1508 , and may help offload areas of higher pressures. A more appropriate type and amount of cushioning can be generated for a user using the embodiments of a customized cushioning sole system depicted herein, reducing the amount of pressure experienced by foot  1500 . For example, if plantar pressure values are determined to be atypical, the information can be used to modify a person&#39;s footwear (e.g., the sole member) to provide the person with footwear more effective in producing a more typical pattern of foot loading during walking or other activities. 
     An embodiment of the sole member production process as described herein is outlined in the flow chart of  FIG. 24 . In a first step  2410 , a pressure distribution of a user&#39;s feet is obtained (see  FIGS. 15-18  above). The pressure distribution as well as any other preferences are collected to generate a resiliency profile. In a second step  2420 , the resiliency profile may be used to produce a custom configuration or pattern of apertures (e.g., position, size, lengths, orientation, etc.) in a sole member. The particular configuration of apertures generated may be stored in a virtual or digital form in some embodiments. Following the production of an aperture pattern, instructions to form the apertures in a sole member may be prepared or generated in a third step  2430 . In some cases, the aperture pattern may be converted into a series of commands or instructions for a system to follow in order to translate the aperture pattern into mechanical or design steps for forming the customized sole member. Finally, in a fourth step  2440 , the instructions are executed and a custom sole member is produced. 
     The process described herein may occur in rapid succession and in close proximity to one another in some embodiments. However, in other embodiments, one or more steps may occur spaced apart in time and location. In other words, one step may occur in a first location, and another step may occur in a second location, where the first location is different from the second location. For example, the resiliency profile of first step  2410  may be produced off-site (e.g., at a shopping outlet or a medial office, etc.), and the aperture pattern of second step  2420  may be produced in a manufacturing facility. In another example, the instructions for forming the apertures of third step  2430  may be prepared or generated in a local site, while the actual production of the custom sole member of fourth step  2440  may occur in a remote site (e.g., out of state, or abroad). 
       FIGS. 25 and 26  illustrate alternative embodiments of a custom sole member for an article of footwear. Referring to  FIG. 25 , a first article of footwear (“first article”)  2500  is shown, and in  FIG. 26 , a second article of footwear (“second article”)  2600  is shown. First article  2500  and second article  2600  can be configured as any type of footwear including, but not limited to, hiking boots, soccer shoes, football shoes, sneakers, rugby shoes, basketball shoes, baseball shoes as well as other kinds of footwear. Each article of footwear can comprise an upper  2502  and a sole structure  2510 . Sole structure  2510  is secured to upper  2502  and extends between the foot and the ground when the article is worn. In different embodiments, sole structure  2510  may include different components. For example, sole structure  2510  may include an outsole, a midsole, and/or an insole. In some cases, one or more of these components may be optional. In one embodiment, sole structure  2510  may include a sole member, as described above. 
     Generally, a customized sole member may comprise any layer or element of sole structure  2510 , and be configured as desired. In particular, layers or portions of the sole member may have any design, shape, size, and/or color. For example, in embodiments where an article of footwear is a basketball shoe, a sole member could include contours shaped to provide greater support to heel prominence. In embodiments where the article of footwear is a running shoe, the custom sole member could be configured with contours supporting forefoot region  1504 . In some embodiments, sole structure  2510  could further include provisions for fastening to an upper or another sole layer, and may include still other provisions found in footwear sole members. Also, some embodiments of sole structure  2510  may include other materials disposed within the custom sole member, such as air bladders, leather, synthetic materials (such as plastic or synthetic leather), mesh, foam, or a combination thereon. 
     The material selected for sole structure  2510  and/or a sole member may possess sufficient durability to withstand the repetitive compressive and bending forces that are generated during running or other athletic activities. In some embodiments, the material(s) may include foams; polymers such as urethane or nylon; resins; metals such as aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or lightweight alloys; or composite materials that combine carbon or glass fibers with a polymer material, ABS plastics, PLA, glass-filled polyamides, stereolithography materials (epoxy resins), silver, titanium, steel, wax, photopolymers, and polycarbonate. The customized sole member may also be formed from a single material or a combination of different materials. For example, one side of a custom sole member may be formed from a polymer whereas the opposing side may be formed from a foam. In addition, specific regions may be formed from different materials depending upon the anticipated forces experienced by each region. 
     In  FIG. 25 , an isometric top view of upper  2502  (shown in dotted line) with sole structure  2510  is shown, where sole structure  2510  includes a second custom sole  2550 . For purposes of reference, an upper surface  2552  is identified on the upper side of second custom sole  2550 , and a lower surface  2554  is identified on the bottom side. Extending along the perimeter and thickness, between upper surface  2552  and lower surface  2554 , is a sidewall  2560 . Together, upper surface  2552 , lower surface  2554 , and sidewall  2560  comprise an exterior surface of second custom sole  2550 . Disposed along various portions of the exterior surface are apertures  150  that extend varying lengths through thickness  140  of second custom sole  2550 . 
     As discussed above, in some embodiments, apertures  150  may be disposed on all surfaces of second custom sole  2550 . In other embodiments, apertures  150  may be disposed on only one or two surfaces of second custom sole  2550 . In  FIG. 25 , apertures  150  are formed along upper surface  2552 . Openings  142  are visible near the perimeter of heel region  1508 , along midfoot region  1506 , and in portions of forefoot region  1504 . Furthermore, additional openings  142  are disposed along medial side  1512  of sidewall  2560 . 
     A cutaway section  2540  is included in  FIG. 25 , providing a view of a portion of the interior of second custom sole  2550 . In cutaway section  2540 , six openings  142  corresponding to six apertures are shown formed through upper surface  2552 . As discussed above, apertures may extend different lengths through second custom sole  2550 . In  FIG. 25 , a first aperture  2570 , a second aperture  2580 , and a third aperture  2590  are illustrated. It can be seen that first aperture  2570  has a length that is less than the length of second aperture  2580 , and second aperture  2580  has a length that is less than the length of third aperture  2590 . In different embodiments, the lengths of first aperture  2570 , second aperture  2580 , and third aperture  2590  may be similar or may differ, as described with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 . For example, in other embodiments, first aperture  2570  may be shorter (smaller in length) than second aperture  2580  and/or third aperture  2590 . 
     Furthermore, apertures may comprise varying sizes. The overall cross-sectional size of first aperture  2570  is smaller than that of a fourth aperture  2492 . In different embodiments, the size of each aperture may be similar or may differ from that depicted here. For example, in other embodiments, first aperture  2570  may be larger than fourth aperture  2592 . Thus, in some embodiments, apertures  150  disposed on second custom sole  2550  can have varying sizes with respect to one another, or they may have the same size. In other embodiments, apertures  150  disposed on one surface (e.g., sidewall  2560 ) may be larger than apertures  150  disposed on another surface (e.g., upper surface  2552 ). Furthermore, apertures  150  may vary with respect to one another in shape along each surface, or the shapes may each be the same. In other embodiments, apertures  150  may differ from one another in both size and shape along the same surface. 
     Furthermore, as noted earlier, the orientation of an aperture may differ from neighboring apertures. In  FIG. 25 , a fifth aperture  2594  is depicted. Fifth aperture  2494  is disposed at a substantially diagonal angle relative to third aperture  2590  and fourth aperture  2592 . Thus, in some embodiments, depending on the cushioning characteristics desired, the orientation or alignment properties of apertures  150  may be customized or altered. 
     In  FIG. 26 , a bottom isometric view of an embodiment of second article  2600  is illustrated, including upper  2502  and sole structure  2510 , where sole structure  2510  includes a third custom sole  2650 . Third custom sole  2650  includes a set of apertures  2660  disposed over substantially the entire length and width of lower surface  2554  from midfoot region  1506  to heel region  1508 . In some embodiments, there may also be apertures  150  disposed on sidewall  2560  of third custom sole  2650 . 
     Furthermore, as seen in  FIG. 27 , where a longitudinal cross section of third custom sole  2650  along the line  27 - 27  is represented, at least some of the apertures in set of apertures  2660  are arranged in a generally oscillating pattern. Specifically, referring to a first pattern  2710  of apertures, the respective lengths of the apertures gradually increase and then decrease or taper toward zero before beginning another series of apertures (e.g., a second pattern  2720 ). As noted above, apertures  150  may be arranged in a geometric pattern to provide a wearer with enhanced or improved support and cushioning, and such an oscillating pattern may improve the comfort and feel of the sole member for a foot. 
     In addition, as seen in  FIG. 28 , where a lateral cross section of third custom sole  2650  along the line  28 - 28  is represented, at least some of the apertures in set of apertures  2660  are arranged in an irregular fashion. In other words, in some cases, the lengths of apertures may not follow a geometric pattern. As noted above, apertures may be configured to perform specialized or customized support and cushioning. Thus, in different embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 27 and 28 , third custom sole  2650  can provide both generalized cushioning, as well as specialized (i.e., uniquely tailored) cushioning. 
     Thus, the various cushioning elements as described here can provide a custom sole member with specialized responses to ground reaction forces. In one embodiment, the cushioning element may attenuate and distribute ground reaction forces. For example, when a portion of the custom sole member contacts the ground, the apertures disposed in cushioning element can help attenuate the ground reaction forces. The cushioning element may have the capacity to distribute the ground reaction forces throughout a substantial portion of the custom sole member. The attenuating property of this type of structure can reduce the degree of the effect that ground reaction forces have on the foot, and the distributive property can spread the ground reaction forces to various portions of a foot. In some embodiments, such features may reduce the peak ground reaction force experienced by the foot. 
     In other embodiments, the cushioning element designs disclosed in this description may also include provisions to achieve a non-uniform ground reaction force distribution. For example, the ground reaction force distribution of a custom sole member could provide a wearer with a response similar to that of barefoot running, but with attenuated ground reaction forces. That is, the custom sole member could be designed to impart the feeling of barefoot running, but with a reduced level of ground reaction forces. Additionally, in another example, the ground reaction forces could be more concentrated in the medial side of a foot than along the lateral side of a foot, thereby reducing the probability that the foot will over-pronate, or imparting greater resistance to eversion and inversion of the foot. 
     In some embodiments, the use of cushioning elements in orthotics for an article of footwear can help support weakened areas of a foot and assist the user in each step. While a relatively rigid material, as may be included in a custom sole member, can provide functional support to the foot, softer or more flexible regions associated with apertures can absorb the loads put on the foot and provide protection. Such softer or cushioned regions can better absorb the loads placed on a foot, increase stabilization, and take pressure off uncomfortable or sore spots of the feet. 
     Other embodiments or variations of custom sole members may include other aperture patterns or various combinations of the above-disclosed designs. It should be noted that the present description is not limited to cushioning elements having the geometry or aperture configurations of first custom sole  1800 , second custom sole  2550 , and third custom sole  2650 . In different embodiments, each customized sole member may include further variations not depicted in the figures. Some variations may include differences in shape, size, contour, elevations, depressions, curvatures, and other variations of the sole member. In other words, the custom sole members depicted herein are merely intended to provide an example of the many types of cushioning element-based sole member configurations that fall within the scope of the present discussion. 
     In different embodiments, sole members as well as any apertures in the sole members discussed herein may be formed using any other method known in the art. In some embodiments, any removal process (i.e., where a portion of a material is removed, subtracted, eliminated, etc.) may be used to form one or more apertures (e.g., apertures  150 ). For example, in some embodiments, a mechanical process may be used, including but not limited to ultrasonic machining, water jet machining, abrasive jet machining, abrasive water jet machining, ice jet machining, and/or magnetic abrasive finishing. In other embodiments, chemical processes may be utilized, including but not limited to chemical milling, photochemical milling, and/or eletropolishing. Furthermore, in some embodiments, electrochemical processes may be used. In other embodiments, thermal processes can be used, such as electrodischarge machining (EDM), laser beam machining, electron beam machining, plasma beam machining, and/or ion beam machining, or other processes. In another embodiment, hybrid electrochemical processes can be utilized, including but not limited to electrochemical grinding, electrochemical honing, electrochemical superfinishing, and/or electrochemical buffing. In addition, hybrid thermal processes may be used, such as electroerosion dissolution machining. In other embodiments, the material comprising the sole member may be modified using chemical processes, including temperature changes (e.g., freezing the material). Furthermore, the processes for forming the apertures may be applied or utilized after the article of footwear has been assembled, or the sole member has been associated with an upper or sole structure. In other words, the formation of apertures in a sole member may occur post-manufacturing of the article of footwear. 
     It should be understood that in other embodiments, the midsole can include a casing in a molded foam. In other words, embodiments of the sole member as described herein may be associated with the midsole of a sole structure. Thus, in some embodiments, a midsole may include a foam material. The foam material can comprise a ‘skin’ surface that is formed from a molding process. In some embodiments, the various removal processes described above (e.g., drilling, laser, chemical, EDM, water cutting, etc.) can be applied to the foam skin of a midsole and apertures can be formed in a manner similar to the embodiments discussed above. 
     While various embodiments have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible that are within the scope of the embodiments. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the accompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature of any embodiment may be used in combination with or substituted for any other feature or element in any other embodiment unless specifically restricted. Therefore, it will be understood that any of the features shown and/or discussed in the present disclosure may be implemented together in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the embodiments are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.