Patent Publication Number: US-9430135-B2

Title: Systems and/or methods for paging control including selective paging element display according to a binary subdivision and/or a serial progressive display approach

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 12/585,321 filed Sep. 11, 2009, which claims the benefit of U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/202,768 filed on Apr. 2, 2009, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in this application. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate to paging control systems and/or methods that help users navigate through large or small datasets and, more particularly, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate to paging systems and methods that help users navigate through large or small datasets by providing paging control elements according to either a binary subdivision approach or a serial progressive approach. Paging control elements are displayed according to either the binary subdivision approach or the serial progressive approach in dependence on a determination as to which approach is more advantageous based at least in part on factors such as, for example, total number of pages, current page location, distance to end points, screen size, etc. 
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
     Many known paging control systems and methods are suitable for datasets with a small number of elements. One basic example involves providing “next” and “back” navigation elements. This basic example has been improved upon by adding “jump to end” and “jump to beginning” navigation elements. Another known variation involves initially displaying a short list of sequentially ordered numbers corresponding to pages adjacent to a currently selected page. Oftentimes, the selected page is highlighted or otherwise emphasized. Frequently, only a small number of pages are shown at a time. For example, sometimes only 3, 5, or 10 elements are shown. When a user is “in the middle” of a large number of pages, the presence of ellipses (i.e., “. . . ”) may indicate the existence of pages on either side of the currently selected page. For example, when there are 10 total pages, the currently selected page is 1, and up to 2 navigation elements are shown on either side of the currently selected page, the following paging control elements may be displayed:
           1 , 2, 3, . . .
 
Following the same example, when the user navigates to page  5  (i.e., making the currently selected page  5 ), the following paging control elements may be displayed:
   . . . 3, 4,  5 , 6, 7 . . .
 
As indicated above, “jump to end” and “jump to beginning” navigation elements may be added to these displays, as appropriate. That is, in the former example, a “jump to end” navigation element would be appropriate, whereas a “jump to beginning” navigation element would not be appropriate because the user is already at the first page. In the latter example, both “jump to end” and “jump to beginning” navigation elements may be displayed, since the user is in the “middle” of the pages.
       

     As can be seen from the above, there are a number of paging control techniques than can be successfully implemented, particularly with respect to small datasets. Unfortunately, there also is a need to efficiently and effectively visualize and navigate among more and more elements. This need may be becoming increasingly important as more and more options are presented to users, more data becomes available for research and/or searching, etc. Indeed, this need has manifested itself in many areas of computer-related technologies. For example, researchers may need to navigate among large and complex datasets, online shoppers may need to navigate among a potentially large number of products of interests, searchers may need to traverse large numbers of web pages or other search results when looking for an item of interest, etc. Currently, there is a lack of display techniques oriented towards visualizing and navigating among large datasets, thus making it difficult for users to process them. 
     Moreover, although the techniques described above are suitable for small datasets, they often are cumbersome or even unmanageable in connection with large datasets. For example, it is easy to see how the above described example paging elements would be extremely difficult to use in connection with datasets of over as few as 50, 100, or even 1,000 total elements. However, it will be appreciated that many searches may return a number of results well over these example amounts. Indeed, an electronic product registration system that manages several million entries cannot be suitably navigated using these conventional controls. 
     To complicate matters, the need to navigate among large numbers of elements often is tempered by the need to simultaneously provide for visualization and/or navigation among small numbers elements. In other words, not every dataset a researcher is interested in will have millions of records, would-be consumers might find only a small number of products that meet their criteria, search results may be few rather than many, etc. Consequently, it is difficult to create a product that is flexible enough to accommodate both small and large datasets, as (1) small dataset paging control techniques are not well-suited for large dataset paging control techniques, and (2) there currently is a dearth of large dataset paging control techniques available. Even if there were large dataset paging control techniques that could be applied to small datasets, it is likely that they would suffer from a problem similar to that described above in that they would not work well for such sets. 
     Thus, it will be appreciated that it would be advantageous to provide flexible paging control systems and methods. In other words, it would be advantageous to provide flexible paging control systems and methods that are capable of aiding in user visualization and navigation among datasets of large and small numbers of elements. 
     One aspect of certain exemplary embodiments relates to paging systems and methods that help users navigate through large or small datasets by providing paging control elements. 
     Another aspect of certain exemplary embodiments relates to paging systems and methods that provide paging control elements according to either a binary subdivision approach or a serial progressive approach. 
     Still another aspect of certain exemplary embodiments relates to displaying paging control elements according to either the binary subdivision approach or the serial progressive approach in dependence on a determination as to which approach is more advantageous based at least in part on factors such as, for example, total number of pages, current page location, distance to end points, screen size, etc. 
     In certain exemplary embodiments, a paging control method enabling a user to navigate through a plurality of data elements displayed on a display of a computer of the user is provided. A subset of the plurality of data elements is displayable in each of a plurality of pages, with the plurality of pages including at least a first page and a last page. Paging control elements are designated for the first and last pages. Information identifying a currently selected page is received. When the currently selected page is either the first page or the last page: it is determined whether additional paging control elements are to be displayed according to either a serial progressive approach or a binary subdivision approach, and additional paging control elements are designated for display between the paging control elements for the first and last pages in accordance with the approach selected in the determining. When the currently selected page is between the first and last pages: it is determined for a first sub-range corresponding to a range between the first page and the currently selected page, whether additional paging control elements are to be displayed according to either a serial progressive approach or a binary subdivision approach; it is determined for a second sub-range corresponding to a range between the currently selected page and the last page, whether additional paging control elements are to be displayed according to either a serial progressive approach or a binary subdivision approach; and additional paging control elements are designated for display between the paging control elements for the first and last pages in accordance with the approaches selected for the first and second sub-ranges in the determining. The currently selected page is formatted for display on the display of the user such that it includes all designated paging control elements. 
     In certain exemplary embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium comprising a paging control program for enabling a user to navigate through a plurality of data elements may be provided, wherein the program, when executed by the computer performs instructions corresponding to this and/or other methods. 
     Similarly, in certain exemplary embodiments, a corresponding data visualization system may be provided, with the system comprising a computer having a display and paging control programmed logic circuitry capable of acting similar to the above-described and/or other methods. In such exemplary embodiments, for example, the paging control programmed logic circuitry may be further configured to re-format the currently selected page upon a user selecting a new page to be the currently selected page. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features, aspects, and advantages will be better and more completely understood by reference to the following detailed description of exemplary illustrative embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, of which: 
         FIG. 1  is a paging control in an illustrative example where there are 100 total items, 10 items displayed per page, and the current page is page  1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 1 , except that the current page is page  5 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 1 , except that the current page is page  10 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a paging control in an illustrative example where there are 1000 total items, 10 items displayed per page, and the current page is page  1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  51 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  25 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  12 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  13 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  100 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a paging control in an illustrative example where there are 10000 total items, 10 items displayed per page, and the current page is page  1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating an illustrative process for displaying paging control elements in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Certain exemplary embodiments relate to paging control systems and methods that continuously or substantially continuously regenerate the control user interface at each user-interactive step towards a target page by re-determining the mid-point interactive elements using binary subdivision and then switching to serial progressive mid-point elements when the distance between the current step and the appropriate endpoint of the dataset determines the binary subdivision approach to be less advantageous than the serial progressive approach. More particularly, certain exemplary embodiments relate to a technique that includes a paging control that at each progressive interaction step towards a target page dynamically generates updated user interface elements so as to provide for rapid navigation to a target page—regardless of how extensive or small the range of pages in the dataset. The control implementation of certain exemplary embodiments reduces the number of user interface elements dynamically based on the range, thus reducing the number of interaction elements when they are expected to provide little or no additional value to the user. 
     A paging control technique according to certain exemplary embodiments provides an improved approach for providing interactive mid-point user interface page navigation elements. The control implementation uses a page target approach model that leverages two alternative approaches to dynamically creating user interface elements. The result is a control that provides a space-wise efficient intuitive user interface for navigating through both large and small datasets. The technique used to determine which and how many interactive elements to display makes use of multiple input criteria to determine what user interface elements to provide to the user for any given dataset size and the currently viewed position within that dataset. That is, for any given current position within the dataset, the paging control technique of certain exemplary embodiments splits the dataset into two ranges: beginning to current page, and current page to end. Up to a predetermined number of iterations of binary subdivision (e.g., 5, 6, 7, etc. iterations) are then used to calculate what mid-point user interaction elements to render for the user between the current position and either endpoint. When the binary split approach is determined to be the best approach for any given range; to keep the interaction elements to an efficient number (e.g., based on the rendering area provided), only the inner mid-points between the current page and the particular endpoint are rendered. When the serial progression approach is used, all intermediate mid-points (pages) between the current position and the endpoint are rendered as interaction elements. 
       FIGS. 1-10  demonstrate how the paging control techniques of certain exemplary embodiments are implemented. It will be appreciated that zero or negative values for Total Items and Items/Page in the examples are not valid or of value in demonstrating the techniques of certain exemplary embodiments/paging control. In this regard,  FIG. 1  is a paging control in an illustrative example where there are 100 total items, 10 items displayed per page, and the current page is page  1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Given these parameters, there are 10 possible pages on which elements can be displayed. The distances from the current page to each of the extremes (the beginning and end pages) are determined. In this example, the current page is the beginning page and there are 8 pages between the currently selected page and the last page. 
     It is then determined that the serial approach is best suited for this display environment. As explained in greater detail below, this determination can be based on any number of different criteria. In certain exemplary embodiments, the criteria may be as simple as determining whether the total number of pages is less than a predetermined threshold, which may be related to the size of the display area. For example, the display area may be capable of accommodating 5, 10, 12, 15, 25, 27, 30, or some other number of paging control elements. If the number of pages is less than this number, then the serial approach may be used. In this example, because the display area is large enough to accommodate page elements for at least 10 different pages, the serial approach can be used for displaying paging control elements from the currently selected page to the end point. It will be appreciated that no determination need be made for the range between the currently selected page and the beginning page, since the currently selected page in this example is the beginning page. In other words, some checking may be performed to determine whether the current page is either the beginning page or the ending page. If either condition is met, the display approach for that range need not be determined. 
     In this example, ten different paging control elements are provided. Associated with each paging control element is a page label. Furthermore, the currently selected page is indicated in the white box. Optionally, in certain exemplary embodiments, the number within the white box may be editable so that a user can jump directly to a page of interest, e.g., by entering a page number and initiating the jump (for example, by pressing the enter key on a keyboard, clicking a particular button, etc.) without selecting a separate paging control element. 
     Although not explicitly shown in  FIG. 1 , it will be appreciated that the items or elements of interest within the page range may be displayed in the display portion. The element or item numbers may be indicated in an optional display area, along with the total number of elements. Thus, in the  FIG. 1  example, because page  1  is selected, there are 10 total pages, and 100 total items, the optional display area indicates that items  1 - 10  of 100 are displayed. 
       FIG. 2  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 1 , except that the current page is page  5 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The current page may be set to page  5  by the user selecting the fifth paging element below the page indicator with the label “5.” Alternatively, the current page may be set to page  5  after the user designates that the fifth page should be jumped to by inserting the number “5” in the editable current page box in  FIG. 1  and pressing an appropriate key. In any event, the current page is now in the middle of the extremes, and paging control elements are provided for pages  1 - 4  to the left of the current page indicator while paging control elements are provided for pages  6 - 10  to the right of the current page indicator. 
     Thus, in certain exemplary embodiments, it is determined for the range between the first page and the current page and the range between the current page and the last page which display approach should be used. In the  FIG. 2  example, the serial progressive display approaches are used for both ranges. The determination that the serial progressive display approach should be used for both ranges may be based on the fact that the total number of pages is less than a threshold limit, as described above. Alternatively, the determination that the serial progressive display approach should be used for both ranges may be based on the fact that the individual ranges are less than respective thresholds. In still another possibility, the determination that the serial progressive display approach should be used for both ranges may be based on the fact that a predetermined number of sub-divisions (e.g., at least 5 sub-divisions) cannot be performed for either of the ranges. Other criteria may be used in place of or in combination with any or all of these potential tests in certain exemplary embodiments. 
     Similar to the above, the element or item numbers may be indicated in an optional display area, along with the total number of elements. Thus, in the  FIG. 2  example, because page  5  is selected, there are 10 total pages, and 100 total items, the optional display area indicates that items  41 - 50  of 100 are displayed. 
       FIG. 3  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 1 , except that the current page is page  10 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In some respects,  FIG. 3  is the “mirror image” of  FIG. 1 . That is, the currently selected page is the last page (page  10 ) in the  FIG. 3  example, instead of the first page (page  1 ) in the  FIG. 1  example. Just as the serial progressive approach is determined to be the better approach for the display of the navigation elements in  FIG. 1 , the serial progressive approach also is determined to be the better approach for the display of the navigation elements in  FIG. 3 . 
     In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the illustrative conditions that lead to the  FIGS. 1-3  examples only used the serial progressive approach. However, when there is a greater amount of data to be displayed and/or a greater number of pages that are displayable, the serial progressive approach may not be appropriate for efficiently and effectively navigating through and/or visualizing the same. In this regard, a further example is presented in connection with  FIGS. 4-9  that involve a greater number of elements and pages compared to the example presented in connection with  FIGS. 1-3 . As will become clearer from the detailed description below, the example is presented in connection with  FIGS. 4-9  involves scenarios in which both the serial progressive approach and the binary subdivision approach to displaying paging control elements are implemented. 
       FIG. 4  is a paging control in an illustrative example where there are 1000 total items, 10 items displayed per page, and the current page is page  1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Because the current page is page  1 , elements  1 - 10  of 1000 would be displayed. Given these example parameters, it will be appreciated that the items will be displayed throughout 100 different pages. Thus, if the serial progressive approach were to be used, 100 different paging control elements would be needed. However, it would be appreciated that displaying 100 different paging control elements would be difficult to use, and might not be feasible, given the amount of “real estate” available on the display device. Thus, according to the  FIG. 4  example, when the current page is  1 , it is determined that the better approach to displaying paging control elements involves the binary subdivision approach. 
     Because the first page is the currently selected page, the display elements for only one range (from beginning to end) needs to be displayed. In certain exemplary embodiments, when the binary subdivision approach is implemented, the “next” and “last” elements may be automatically displayed. In this example, the “next” element would be an element for navigating to page  2 . The last element in the range would be an element for navigating to page  100 . This sub-range may be divided to determine the first intermediate point to display. In this example, adding the lowest element ( 2 ) and the intermediate endpoint element ( 100 ) and dividing by 2 results in the first intermediate point to be displayed ( 51 ). 
     To determine the next intermediate point to be displayed, the intermediate endpoint element now may be reset so as to correspond to the first intermediate point ( 51 ), and the process may be repeated. In other words, adding the lowest element ( 2 ) and the new intermediate endpoint element ( 51 ) and dividing by 2 results in the second intermediate point to be displayed. In this example, the result of the calculation, i.e., 26.5, is not a whole number. To arrive at a whole number, a rule for handling non-whole number calculations may be implemented. In certain exemplary embodiments, truncation may be used which in this illustrative example would make the second intermediate point equal to 26. In certain other exemplary embodiments, rounding up or down may be used. Rounding up in this illustrative example would make the second intermediate point equal to 27. The rule for handling non-whole number calculations may be implemented consistently whenever a non-whole number is encountered in certain exemplary embodiments. Alternatively, in certain exemplary embodiments, various rounding rules may be used depending other factors such as, for example, how close the intermediate element would be compared to the next adjacent intermediate element, whether the sub-range is to the left or right of the currently selected page, etc. For example, rounding down may be used when the sub-range is to the right of the currently selected page, whereas rounding up may be used when the sub-range is to the left of the currently selected page—or vice versa. In any event, in the  FIG. 4  example, the non-whole number is truncated so that the second intermediate point is equal to 26 and a corresponding paging control element is displayed therefor. 
     This process may be repeated such that other paging control elements are calculated. In the  FIG. 4  example, intermediate further paging control elements are provided for pages  14  ((26+2)/2),  8  ((14+2)/2),  5  ((8+2)/2), and  3  (the truncated result of (5+2)/2). The paging control element for page  3  may stop the process, since it is directly adjacent to the lowest added element ( 2 ). In other words, in certain exemplary embodiments, the binary subdivision approach may be used to repeatedly determine intermediate paging control elements until a paging control element that is directly adjacent to the lowest added element is found, thereby indicating that there are no additional whole numbers between the two. In certain exemplary embodiments, the same and/or different events may trigger the end of the binary subdivision. For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, a maximum number of binary subdivisions may be set, and additional binary subdivisions (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 10, etc.) may not be performed beyond this threshold. This threshold may be predetermined, for example, based on screen size, or other factors. 
       FIG. 5  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  51 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Because the current page is page  51 , elements  501 - 510  of 1000 would be displayed. Additionally, because the current page is page  51  and thus is between the extreme first point (page  1 ) and end point (page  100 ), paging control elements may be provided for the ranges the left and right of the current page element ( 51 ). As above, if the serial progressive approach were to be used, 100 different paging control elements would be needed, with 50 being provided to the left of the currently selected page element and 49 being provided to the right of the currently selected page element. Thus, it is determined that the binary subdivision approach would be better suited for both the left and right sub-ranges. A description of how the paging elements for these sub-ranges are displayed follows. 
     First, with respect to the sub-range to the right of the currently selected page element, the “next” element would be an element for navigating to page  52 . The last element in the range would be an element for navigating to page  100 . Similar to the description above, intermediate points may be calculated. In the  FIG. 5  example, the intermediate paging control elements include  76  ((100+52)/2),  64  ((76+52)/2),  58  ((64+52)/2),  55  ((58+52)/2), and  53  (the truncated result of (55+52)/2). Because the number  53  is directly adjacent to  52 , the binary subdivision stops. 
     Second, with respect to the sub-range to the left of the currently selected page element, the “previous” (as opposed to the “next”) element would be an element for navigating to page  50 . Similar to the description above, intermediate points may be calculated. The first intermediate paging control element will equal the difference between the “previous” element ( 50 ) and the first element ( 1 ), divided by 2. Because 24.5 is not a whole number, a nearest whole number may be used instead. In the  FIG. 5  example, the number is rounded up so that it is closer to the currently selected page. Accordingly, in this example, the first intermediate point thus is  25 . 
     To determine the next intermediate point to be displayed, the intermediate endpoint element now may be reset so as to correspond to the first intermediate point ( 25 ), and the process may be repeated. In other words, adding the previous element ( 50 ) and the new intermediate endpoint element ( 25 ) and then dividing by 2 results in the second intermediate point to be displayed. Again, because 37.5 is not a whole number, it may be rounded up, thus resulting in the second intermediate of 38. This process is repeated so that further intermediate points are calculated. In the  FIG. 5  example, these intermediate points include  44  ((38+50)/2),  47  ((44+50)/2), and  49  (the rounded-up result of (47+50)/2). Because the number  49  is directly adjacent to  50 , the binary subdivision stops. 
       FIG. 6  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  25 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In other words, the  FIG. 6  example may be displayed when a user “jumps” to the twenty-fifth page by selecting the appropriate link in the  FIG. 5  example. Because page  25  is displayed in  FIG. 6 , items  241 - 250  of 1000 would be displayed. 
     In the  FIG. 6  example, it is determined that both the left and right sub-ranges would be better suited to the binary subdivision approach. Accordingly, in addition to displaying the currently selected page ( 25 ) along with the first ( 1 ), last ( 100 ), “next” ( 26 ), and “previous” ( 24 ) paging control elements, the binary subdivision approach is used to display the other paging control elements in the two sub-ranges. In the right sub-range, elements  63  ((26+100)/2),  44  (the truncated result of (26+63)/2),  35  ((26+44)/2),  30  (the truncated result of (26+35)/2), and  28  ((26+30)/2) are displayed. In the left sub-range, elements  12  (the rounded-up result of (24+1)/2),  18  ((24+12)/2),  21  ((24+18)/2), and  23  (the rounded-up result of (24+21)/2) are displayed. 
       FIG. 7  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  12 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In other words, the  FIG. 7  example may be displayed when a user “jumps” to the twelfth page by selecting the appropriate link in the  FIG. 6  example. Because page  12  is displayed in  FIG. 7 , items  111 - 120  of 1000 would be displayed. 
     Unlike the examples in  FIGS. 4-6 , it is determined that the left sub-range should be displayed according to the serial progressive approach, while the right sub-range should be displayed according to the binary subdivision approach. This may be determined, for example, by noting that the currently selected page is within a predefined distance of either the start point or end point. In certain exemplary embodiments, one or more points may be setup such that when a user navigates to or past such a point, the display approach is changed, e.g., from the binary subdivision approach to the serial progressive approach, or vice versa. In certain exemplary embodiments, the points may be predefined, e.g., based at least in part on the size of the screen (e.g., such that no more than 10, 11, 12, 13, etc., paging control elements can be displayed according to the serial progressive approach). In certain exemplary embodiments, the serial progressive approach may be used if a predefined number of binary subdivisions cannot be performed (e.g., the serial progressive approach may be used if 3, 4, 5, etc., subdivisions cannot be made for a range or sub-range without there being redundant numbers). 
     In any event, returning to  FIG. 7 , as indicated above, the serial progressive approach is determined to be better for the left sub-range. Accordingly, paging control elements from the first page ( 1 ) to the “previous” page ( 11 ) are provided. In contrast, the binary subdivision approach is determined to be better for the right sub-range. Thus, paging control elements are provided for pages  13  (the next page),  15 ,  18 ,  24 ,  35 , and  57 , and  100  (the last page). 
     As can be seen in the  FIG. 7  example, different paging control element images may be used in accordance with the approach selected. For example, when the serial progressive approach is selected, identical images are used, suggesting to the user that the “jumps” are the same. In the  FIG. 7  example, the icon for the elements displayed according to the serial progressive approach is an arrow with a small dot next to it. By contrast, different images may be used for the binary subdivision approach, e.g., so as to help signify that bigger “jumps” are being taken and also to help signify the scale of such “jumps.” Accordingly, the elements displayed according to the binary subdivision approach are shown as small blocks that get larger as the distance from the currently selected page increases. Separate icons for the first and last pages are provided. Of course, it will be appreciated that these and/or other images may be used for the paging control elements in certain exemplary embodiments. Indeed, certain exemplary embodiments of this invention need not use different paging control elements depending upon the selected approach. In a similar regard, the area around the currently selected page need not be a “box,” and it may or may not be a user-editable field. 
       FIG. 8  is similar to  FIG. 7 , in that  FIG. 8  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  13 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In the  FIG. 8  example, the serial progressive approach is still used for the left sub-range, and the binary subdivision approach is still used for the right sub-range. Thus, paging control elements are provided for pages  14  (the next page),  16 ,  19 ,  24 ,  35 ,  57 , and  100  for the right sub-range. 
     The inventor of the instant application has determined that it may be advantageous to display the following maximum number of paging control elements according to the serial progressive approach in certain exemplary embodiments that are capable of displaying 27 separate points across. The number of elements includes the “current” and either the “last” or “first” paging elements. 
                                             Total Number of Pages   Max. Number of Elements                          &gt;192   13            96-192   12           48-95   11           25-47   10            &lt;25   10                        
Of course, it will be appreciated that other maximum number of elements may be defined for use in different exemplary embodiments of this invention, and this is merely one example of how the maximum number of serial progressive points may be setup in one exemplary embodiment.
 
       FIG. 9  is a paging control that includes the illustrative example conditions of  FIG. 4 , except that the current page is page  100 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Thus, similar to  FIG. 3  described above, only one range is displayed. However, unlike the  FIG. 3  example, because the difference between the first page and current page (which is in this case the last page) is great, the binary subdivision approach is used to display paging control elements for pages  1 ,  50 ,  75 ,  87 ,  93 ,  98 , and  99 . 
     As alluded to above, the number of binary subdivisions to be performed may be capped in certain exemplary embodiments. For example, depending on the size of the dataset, more or fewer binary subdivisions may be advantageous. For example, even though it would be possible to perform at least one further binary subdivision for the right sub-range of  FIG. 8 , only five subdivisions are provided. Of course, this number could be varied to a greater number (e.g., six) or a lesser number (e.g., 4, 3, 2, 1, etc.), depending on the exemplary embodiment. 
     The inventor of the instant application has determined that the following switch points are advantageous in certain exemplary embodiments that are capable of displaying 27 separate points across. The number of subdivisions does not include the “next” and either “last” or “first” paging elements. 
                                             Total Number of Pages   Number of Subdivisions                          &gt;192   7            97-192   6           49-96   5           25-48   4            &lt;25   3                        
Of course, it will be appreciated that other switch points may be used in different exemplary embodiments of this invention, and this is merely one example of how such switch points may be setup in one exemplary embodiment.
 
       FIG. 10  is a paging control in an illustrative example where there are 10000 total items, 10 items displayed per page, and the current page is page  1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Thus, it will be appreciated that there are a large number of pages through which a user might navigate. The binary subdivision approach would be better suited for this example. Additionally, because the  FIG. 10  example has a large number of pages, many binary subdivisions are possible. However, in accordance with the description provided above, only seven subdivisions may be performed such that nine paging elements to the right of the currently selected page are provided, e.g., to aid in user navigation and/or visualization of the dataset. Indeed, too many navigation buttons may be troublesome for the user, even when the binary subdivision approach is used. 
     Although the foregoing example have included information pertaining to number of elements, number of elements to be displayed per page, current pages, switch points, maximum number of elements to display according to the serial progressive approach, maximum number of elements to be displayed on a page, etc., it will be appreciated that these parameters have been provided by way of example and without limitation. Other parameters may be predefined for a user in certain exemplary embodiments. Alternatively, some or all of the foregoing and/or other elements may be user-definable in certain exemplary embodiments. 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating an illustrative process for displaying paging control elements in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In other words,  FIG. 11  is an example paging control method enabling a user to navigate through a plurality of data elements displayed on a display of a computer of the user. A subset of the plurality of data elements may be displayable in each of a plurality of pages, and the plurality of pages may include at least a first page and a last page. Paging control elements for the first and last pages are designated in step S 1 . Information identifying a currently selected page is received in step S 3 . 
     In step S 5 , when the currently selected page is either the first page or the last page, it is determined whether additional paging control elements are to be displayed according to either a serial progressive approach or a binary subdivision approach. Additional paging control elements also are designated for display between the paging control elements for the first and last pages in accordance with the approach selected in the determining. 
     Similarly, in step S 7 , when the currently selected page is between the first and last pages, it is determined for a first sub-range corresponding to a range between the first page and the currently selected page whether additional paging control elements are to be displayed according to either a serial progressive approach or a binary subdivision approach, and it is determined for a second sub-range corresponding to a range between the currently selected page and the last page whether additional paging control elements are to be displayed according to either a serial progressive approach or a binary subdivision approach. Additional paging control elements also are designated for display between the paging control elements for the first and last pages in accordance with the approaches selected for the first and second sub-ranges in the determining. 
     In step S 9 , the currently selected page is formatted for display on the display of the user such that it includes all designated paging control elements. As illustrated above, in certain exemplary embodiments, when the currently selected page is either the first page or the last page, the determining may depend on a number of pages between the first page and the last page; and when the currently selected page is between the first and last pages, the determining for the first sub-range depends on a number of pages between the first page and the currently selected page, and the determining for the second sub-range may depend on a number of pages between the currently selected page and the last page. 
     In one or more steps not shown, data may be retrieved and/or displayed in accordance with the currently selected page. Such data may be retrieved, for example, from a storage location located on or remote from the user&#39;s computer, across a network, a database, etc. For example, certain example embodiments may be useful for visualizing data from an electronic registration (ER) database that includes product registration, repair, warranty, policy, and/or other information. 
     In certain exemplary embodiments, the designating for the serial progressive approach may comprise designating paging control elements for each successive page between start and end pages in a range or sub-range. In certain exemplary embodiments, the designating for the binary subdivision approach may comprise calculating a midpoint page between the start and end pages; setting the end page to the midpoint page; and repeating this process. For example, the process may be repeated no more than a predetermined number of times. In certain exemplary embodiments, the calculating of a midpoint may further comprise rounding to a whole number closest to the currently selected page when the calculating of the midpoint does not result in a whole number. 
     According to certain exemplary embodiments, the binary subdivision approach may not be selected unless at least three subdivisions are possible. According to certain exemplary embodiments, the serial progressive approach may not be selected if greater than a predetermined number of (e.g., 13) paging control elements would be designated for display. 
     According to certain exemplary embodiments, when the currently selected page is between the first and last pages, at least one paging element for at least one corresponding page directly adjacent the currently selected page also may be designated. 
     Of course, it will be appreciated that any or all of the techniques described above may be re-performed upon a user selecting a new page—with the new page being designated as the currently selected page. Although the term “pages” has been used herein, it will be appreciated that the instant invention is not limited to “web pages.” For example, any display screen rendered on a computerized display could be considered a “page” according to the usage of the term herein. Furthermore, a “page” according to the usage of the term herein may be only a portion of a larger display. The larger display may or may not change in certain exemplary embodiments, although at least some area of the larger display will be updated (e.g., with new data for the different “page” and/or updated paging control elements) when a currently displayed or currently selected “page” is changed. 
     Although certain example embodiments have referred to the binary subdivision approach (e.g., where the ½, ¼, ⅛, etc., pages are displayed), it will be appreciated that other subdivision approaches could be used in place of or in addition to this approach. For example, rather than using midpoint, one-third points, one-quarter points, etc., could be used in connection with certain example embodiments. 
     The features, aspects, advantages, and exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined in various combinations and sub-combinations to realize yet further embodiments of this invention. 
     While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.