Patent Publication Number: US-8980037-B2

Title: Method for manufacturing extended content booklet labels

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to methods for manufacturing extended content booklet labels (ECBL). 
     2. The Prior Art 
     Frequently product containers are identified by applying an adhesive-backed label to an outer surface of the container. Such labels retain their product-identifying purpose by remaining permanently affixed to the container. 
     Certain products which require extensive instructions or which are subject to significant government regulations require additional printed matter which is typically inserted into the product container. In the case of pharmaceuticals, the printed matter may be in the form of printed sheets, printed inserts, or printed outserts. An example of such may be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,530. While these various forms of printed matter have the benefit of providing a relatively large amount of information, their overall effectiveness is limited if they become separated from the product container. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,550 entitled Booklets and Self Adhesive Labels Including the Same shows single labels and multi-up booklets adhered to a continuous web. A label product including a release liner having an upper surface and a booklet disposed on the upper surface of the release liner. The booklet includes an outer piece including a top panel and a bottom panel joined by an outer fold, an inner piece disposed between the top and bottom panels having a pair of interior panels joined by an inner fold, attaching means coupling the outer and inner pieces to one another at the outer and inner folds, and a tear line formed in the bottom panel adjacent the outer fold. A layer of adhesive is interposed between the bottom panel and the upper surface of the release liner. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,576,315 entitled Multi-Ply Resealable Label shows booklets with windows adhered to a continuous web. A label includes a base label having upper and lower opposed surfaces and first and second opposed ends. A base adhesive coats the lower surface of the base label. A top panel overlies the upper surface of the base label and is joined to the base label adjacent the first end. The top panel has an upper surface. A tab having upper and lower opposed surfaces overlies the upper surface of the base label. An adhesive patch is interposed between the base label and the tab adjacent the second end. The adhesive patch secures the lower surface of the tab to the upper surface of the base label. A laminate cover overlies the top panel and the tab. A laminate adhesive secures the laminate cover to the upper surface of the top panel and releasably joins the laminate cover to the upper surface of the tab. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,500 entitled Label with Booklet shows a label with an overlaminate that extends beyond the label perimeter. A label with booklet comprises a liner material and a label having an upper and lower surface located on the liner. The label is secured to the liner by an adhesive layer on its lower surface such that the label can be peeled off the liner with the adhesive remaining on the lower surface of the label. A booklet is affixed to the upper surface of the label and comprises a plurality of stacked pages having edges including a top page and a bottom page, each of the pages being coextensive with each other and of smaller dimensions than the label. The booklet further comprises a cover member entirely covering the top page and extending beyond at least two opposing edges of the top page, the cover member having an upper non-adhesive surface, and a lower surface having an adhesive thereon by means of which the lower surface of the cover member is permanently adhered to the upper surface of the top page. The booklet is completely removable from the label by removing at least a portion of the cover member. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,499 entitled Nested Label shows a label with die cut windows applied to a release liner. A nested label includes a liner having a surface release, and a label removably bonded to the liner by an adhesive. The liner and label have respective die cuts spaced apart from each other at a skip in the liner release for obtaining different bond strengths between the label and liner on opposite sides of the label die cut. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,948,743 entitled Multilayer Label and Method of Making Same shows multi-page labels with staggered sheets to facilitate application to curved containers. A multiple layer label and a method of making the same are provided. Specifically, a label having a base layer for adhering to a container is provided wherein the label has an overcoat layer having an end that is removably adhered to the container. Moreover, the end that is removably adhered to the container is grasped by a user of the label and pulled, thereby removing the end of the overcoat layer from the container and swinging the layer away from the remainder of the label and exposing sublayers beneath the overcoat layer. The overcoat layer is adhered directly to the base layer, and at least portions of the sublayers. Each of the overcoat layer, sublayers, and the base layer may have indicia printed thereon for communicating information. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,179,335 entitled Product Label Bearing an Instructional Booklet shows a folded booklet adhered to a portion of a label. A two part identifying and instructional booklet having a label part and a booklet part. The front of the label has a small unvarnished region. The booklet is folded and glued closed with the free edges secured interiorly. An adhesive is printed onto the unvarnished region of the label and the folded booklet is adhered to the unvarnished region. The booklet has a tab portion to facilitate opening of the book during use. The tab portion faces the identifying portion of the label which extends longitudinally outwardly from the unvarnished region. The label may be placed onto a cylindrical container and bent in the longitudinal direction whereby the spine and folds of the booklet remain straight, flat and parallel to each other. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,439,614 entitled Nested Leaflet Label Structure shows a booklet adhered to a label. A nested leaflet label structure having an enhanced information carrying capacity. The nested leaflet label structure includes a base panel having a front face. A first leaflet is adjacent to the front face and comprises a first folded panel having a first fold extending substantially parallel to the first axis of the label structure. The first fold divides the first folded panel into a pair of first leaves each having inner and outer page faces. A second leaflet comprises a second folded panel having a second fold extending substantially parallel to the first axis of the label structure. The second fold divides the second folded panel into a pair of second leaves each having inner and outer page faces. A laminating layer overlies the base panel and the first leaflet. The second leaflet is nested in the first leaflet. An assembling adhesive adheres the second leaflet to the first leaflet. 
     Fold-out labels made from single sheets are shown in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 34,366 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,550. An example of a booklet which incorporates certain advantages of a label is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,559. The patent discloses a relatively simple booklet containing four sheets, i.e., eight pages. In all of these patents, the first page contains information which would otherwise be placed on the product label. The entire back page is adhered to the container leaving only the intermediate pages for instructional information. A further drawback of these patents lies in the fact that if their first page becomes detached from the booklet the product container would be unlabeled. U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,398 shows method for making removable inserts. U.S. Pat. No. 6,737,137 describes a method for manufacturing adhesive image transfer labels. 
     Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an identifying and instructional document which combines the permanent nature of an adhesive label with the instructional capacity of a multi-page booklet. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENT ION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide compact labels containing large amounts of information. 
     It is another object to provide methods for economically producing such labels. 
     It is a further object to provide a multi-up book where several booklet labels can be created across the width of a web. 
     According to a first embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing (an intermediate product for) an instructional [Extended Content Label (ECL)] booklet (labels) that folds away from a substrate. The first step of the method includes providing a multi-up book (or log) having two or more booklets and a waste zone that share a common spine. Next the waste zone is adhered to a substrate that is larger than the booklets. An overlaminate is applied to secure the multi-up book to the substrate. The area between the booklets and the substrate is devoid of adhesive. In a subsequent step of adhering the label to a container, the substrate and booklet are free to shift and slide with respect to each other and without interference from the other due to the lack of adhesive binding them together. 
     The adhering step includes printing adhesive on to one of the substrate and multi-up book in a location that only contacts the waste zone when the multi-up book is disposed on to the substrate. Following the applying step, the method further includes simultaneously cutting through the overlaminate, multi-up book and substrate to eliminate the waste zone and form two or more overlaminate panels with each overlaminate panel corresponding to one booklet so that each overlaminate panel hingedly attaches a corresponding booklet to the substrate. 
     The lack of adhesive between the booklet and the substrate allows the substrate to bend without interference from the booklet. The substrate is a continuous web having a longitudinal feed direction. Prior to the adhering step the method further include removing a strip of substrate to form a leading edge, and registering the multi-up book with the substrate so that a front edge of each booklet is aligned with the leading edge of the substrate. In addition, prior to the adhering step the method includes printing indicia on the substrate in a location remote from the leading edge, and registering the multi-up book with the substrate so that a back edge of each booklet is spaced from the printed indicia. 
     The substrate includes a top layer including a top surface devoid of adhesive and a bottom surface covered with adhesive, and a bottom layer comprising a release liner. The simultaneous cutting step provides two or more multi-up labels, with each label having a booklet overlaminated to a substrate with adhesive on its bottom surface for securing to a container. The common spine is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal feed direction. The simultaneous cutting step includes slitting the overlaminate, multi-up book and substrate in a direction parallel to the longitudinal feed direction. The simultaneous cutting step comprises slitting the substrate to intersect the leading edge. The simultaneous cutting step comprises severing at least one of the substrate and overlaminate in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal feed direction. The simultaneous cutting step comprises severing the back edge of the substrate and overlaminate in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal feed direction to intersect the longitudinally extending slits. The simultaneous cutting step comprises severing the overlaminate (i) in a location spaced from the leading edge of the substrate and the front edge of the booklet to form an overhanging tab, and (ii) in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal feed direction to intersect the longitudinally extending slits. 
     The overlaminate includes a bottom surface covered with adhesive for adhering the multi-up book to the substrate. The overlaminate includes a tab that extends beyond the booklet and substrate adapted to removably adhere to a container. The waste zone is present in between each pair of adjacent booklets. The top edge of the multi-up booklet includes a top waste zone, wherein the top waste zone is adjacent the top booklet. The bottom edge of the multi-up booklet includes a bottom waste zone, wherein the bottom waste zone is adjacent the bottom booklet. 
     The multi-up book has free ends opposite the spine, wherein the free ends are folded twice over towards spine to enclose the free ends within the book. The free ends are folded over twice to form three approximately equal size panels. Alternatively, the free ends are folded over twice to form three panels of different sizes. The three panels comprise a first panel adjacent the free ends which is centrally located within the multi-up book, a second panel adjacent the spine, and a middle panel extending between the first and second panels. The middle panel is longer than the first panel and shorter than the second panel. The first and middle panels form a ramp up on one side of the multi-up book leading to the central portion of the multi-up book which includes the first, second and middle panels. The second panel forms a ramp down on the other side of the multi-up book leading from the central portion of the multi-up book. The ramp up includes two panels, the central portion includes three panels, and the ramp down includes one panel. 
     The multi-up book is selected from the group consisting of: 
     one sheet folded in half to form spine with front cover &amp; back cover (4 pages); 
     one sheet folded in half, then cross folded to form spine with front &amp; back cover (8 pgs.); 
     one sheet accordion folded then folded in half to form spine/front/back (12+ pages); 
     one sheet folded in half with additional pages adhered inside (6+ pages); 
     multiple sheets folded in half, and nested with spines adhered (8+ pages); and multiple sheets folded in half and stacked with spines adhered (perfect bound (8+ pgs). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The advantages, nature, and various additional features of the invention will appear more fully upon consideration of the illustrative embodiments now to be described in detail in connection with accompanying drawings. In the drawings wherein like reference numerals denote similar components throughout the views: 
         FIGS. 1A-1E  are a series of views showing a first embodiment of a multi-up book used in the manufacturing method according to the invention. 
         FIGS. 2A-2F  are a series of views showing a second embodiment of a multi-up book used in the manufacturing method according to the invention. 
         FIGS. 3A-3F  are a series of views showing a third embodiment of a multi-up book used in the manufacturing method according to the invention. 
         FIGS. 4A-4G  are a series of views showing a fourth embodiment of a multi-up book used in the manufacturing method according to the invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a side elevational view showing a fifth embodiment of a folded book used in the manufacturing method according to the invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of an assembly line used to manufacture labels according to the invention. 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are top and side views of the printed and first die cut web. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are top and side views of the book dispensing step of the method. 
         FIGS. 9A and 9B  are top and side views of the laminating and second die cutting steps. 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of the web with completed labels. 
         FIGS. 11A-11C  are bottom views of a label adhered to a plastic bottle with the overlaminate in various positions. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In this application a “booklet” means an individual instructional piece having a cover sheet, a back sheet and at least one internal sheet. A sheet is a piece of paper having two opposed pages. The smallest booklet featuring one cover sheet (2 pages), one internal sheet (2 pages) and one back sheet (2 pages) would have a total of six pages. Additional internal sheets can be added. A booklet with two internal sheets would have a total of eight pages. 
     Booklets may be formed from one large sheet and one medium sheet by folding the large sheet in half and inserting the medium sheet into the fold. Such a booklet would have three sheets for a total of six pages. 
     The book may be formed by securing sheets and pages together at the binding by adhesive, glue or other suitable connection means. The book may have perforations at various locations on different sheets, to provide pages which can be removed from the book. 
     Booklets may be formed from one large sheet folded multiple times. The simplest example would be one sheet folded in half, and then folded in half again in a perpendicular direction. Such a booklet would have four sheets for a total of eight pages. The large sheet is bound together at the binding during the first folding step so that when the first fold is trimmed off the sheets remain connected together. Booklets with a greater number of sheets/pages may be provided by folding the large sheet additional times. 
     Booklets may be formed from two large sheets. The simplest example would be two sheets folded in half and then nested together with their fold lines bound together. Such a booklet would have 4 sheets and eight pages. Each additional large sheet added to the book would contribute another 2 sheets and 4 pages. Alternatively, the two large sheets can be folded in half and stacked together with the fold lines bound together to form a so called perfect bound booklet. Again, each additional large sheet added to the book would contribute another 2 sheets and 4 pages. 
     Booklets may be formed from large sheets that are folded end-over-end, for example folded end-over-end twice to form a ribbon that is three sheets thick. The ribbon in then folded in half perpendicular to the end-over-end folds. Binding adhesive may not be required. The end-over-end folds are then trimmed off to form a booklet with six sheets and twelve pages. If the original large sheet is folded end-over-end three times, the resulting booklet would have eight sheets and sixteen pages. Accordingly the final number of sheets can be calculated by taking the number of end-over-end folds, adding 1, and multiplying by 2. For 4 end-over-end folds, the resulting booklet would have 10 sheets, i.e. (4+1)*2=10. 
     Booklets may be formed from large sheets that are accordion folded, for example accordion folded twice to form a ribbon that is three sheets thick. The ribbon in then folded in half perpendicular to the accordion folds. Binding adhesive may not be required. The accordion folds are then trimmed off to form a booklet with six sheets and twelve pages. If the original large sheet is accordion folded three times, the resulting booklet would have eight sheets and sixteen pages. Accordingly the final number of sheets can be calculated by taking the number of accordion folds, adding 1, and multiplying by 2. For 4 accordion folds, the resulting booklet would have 10 sheets, i.e. (4+1)*2=10. 
     The large or medium sheets used to form the booklets are preprinted with indicia before folding. The layout of the printing is designed to provide text in a particular orientation on each page in the folded booklet. In a preferred embodiment, the indicia includes pharmaceutical information about drugs that are packaged with the booklets. The books can be printed by any suitable industrial printing process, for example sheet offset, web offset, flexographic, rotary letterpress, or gravure. 
     In this application the term “book” refers to a printed article having two or more booklets included therein. The booklets are linearly arranged with a common spine. In addition, a book includes a waste zone in between each adjacent pair of booklets. A book may include a top waste zone disposed above the top booklet. The top waste zone includes the upper edge of the book. The top waste zone may include free sheets and/or folds. A book may include a bottom waste zone disposed below the bottom booklet. The bottom waste zone includes the lower edge of the book. The bottom waste zone may include free sheets and/or folds. By cutting and removing the waste zone(s), the various booklets will be formed from the book. Cutting a top or bottom waste zone that includes folds, will allow the sheets of the resulting booklets to be opened. 
     The term “multi-up” refers to the orientation of the booklets within the book when the book is disposed onto the web or substrate. The web is a continuous substrate material that is typically wound off a roll and then passes through various manufacturing stations in a longitudinal direction. Therefore, longitudinal is the direction extending along the indefinite length of the web. The width across the web is a direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. When the book is placed on the web with the booklets oriented one below the other across the width, the book is considered to be multi-up. That is, a discrete longitudinal section of the web contains two or more booklets. 
     One form of a multi-up book  10  is illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-1E . In the drawings, reference numerals having a 6 or 8 prefix, refer to sheets that are used to construct the book. Reference numerals with a 10 prefix refer to the completed book. Reference numerals with a 12 prefix refer to booklets, while reference numerals with a 14 prefix refer to the waste zones.  FIG. 1A  shows a large sheet  6   a  and a medium sheet  8   a  that are combined to form a book  10 . Considering the final configuration of the book, sheets  6  and  8  are pre-printed with indicia to create properly oriented text and images for the various booklets that will be part of the multi-up book. Large sheet  6   a  is folded in half (or twice folded in thirds or additionally folded in other fraction) to form fold  6   f . Glue  10   e  is applied to secure medium sheet  8   a  to the inside of fold  6   f . The resulting book  10  is shown in  FIG. 1B . The large sheet now forms cover sheet  10   c  and back sheet  10   b . The medium sheet now forms internal sheet  10   a . The resulting book has six pages: the front of cover sheet  10   c , the back of cover sheet  10   c , the front of internal sheet  10   a , the back of internal sheet  10   a , the front of back sheet  10   b , and the back of back sheet  10   b.    
     Glue for the spine of the books may be selected from various adhesives used in paper converting or corrugated applications that are approved for use in pharmaceutical packaging. Such adhesive may be water-based synthetic resins, for example, WB8147M available from H.B. Fuller of St. Paul, Minn. 
     The resulting book can be increased in size by adding sheets (to create two additional pages per sheet). For example, to increase to an 8 page book, large sheet  6   a  can be combined with a further large sheet. The two large sheets can be folded like sheet  6   a  and nested together with a line of glue at the fold line. Alternatively, the two large sheets can be placed on top of each other and glued together at the spine, in a perfect bound arrangement. To further increase the number of sheets, medium sheets can be added to form a 10 page book, for example. In this manner, books with increasing number of [paired] pages can be formed by combining 1, 2, 3 or more large sheets and 1 or more medium sheets. In lieu of two medium sheets, one could simply add a folded large sheet. 
     The book shown in  FIG. 1B  is fully assembled and as a multi-up book (or log) it contains two or booklets, each with a complete set of instructions or indicia. To prepare book  10  for use in the subsequent manufacturing steps, it is desirable to tuck in the free edges to streamline the book for further handling. Book  10  is divided into three sections with two fold locations designated as  10   x ( i ) and  10   x ( ii ). The arrow  10   y ( i ) indicates the fold direction as the book is initially folded at first fold location  10   x ( i ).  FIG. 1C  shows the resulting configuration with a completed first fold  10   z ( i ). The arrow  10   y ( ii ) indicates the fold direction as the book is subsequently folded at second fold location  10   x ( ii ).  FIG. 1D  shows the resulting configuration with a completed second fold  10   z ( ii ). Note the free ends of the sheets are tucked inside the book so as to avoid interference with the processing and handling equipment. As will be explained in greater detail below, the folded book  10  includes an upper surface  10   r  that will be adhered to the overlaminate, and a lower surface  10   s  that will be placed on the web and selectively adhered thereto. 
     Referring to a top view of the folded book,  FIG. 1E  shows book  10  with two booklets  12   b ,  12   d  alternating with a top waste zone  14   a , a waste zone  14   c  and a bottom waste zone  14   e.    
     The books are made from paper referred to as offset stock having a paper weight between 22# and 60#. The # designation is a measure of paper density measured in pounds per basis ream of 500 sheets of 17″ by 22″ paper. Such paper may be obtained from Twin Rivers Paper Company of South Portland, Me. or Finch Paper, LLC of Glen Falls, N.Y. For example Twin Rivers supplies 22# Custom Plus and 27#, 30#, 35#, 40# Pharmopaque—Regular Finish. Finch supplies 40# Finch Opaque—Wove Finish and 60# Finch Opaque—Vellum Finish. The preferred paper is Twin Rivers  27 # Pharmopaque—Regular Finish. 
     Another form of a multi-up book  20  having 4 sheets and 8 pages made from a single large sheet  16  is shown in  FIGS. 2A-2F . In these drawings, reference numerals having a 16 prefix, refer to sheet(s) that are used to construct the book. Reference numerals with a 20 prefix refer to the completed book. Reference numerals with a 22 prefix refer to booklets, while reference numerals with a 24 prefix refer to the waste zones.  FIG. 2A  shows a large sheet  16   a  pre-printed with indicia to create properly oriented text and images for the various booklets that will be part of the multi-up book. Large sheet  16   a  is folded in half to form fold  16   f ( i ). Glue  20   e  is applied to secure two linear sections of the folded sheet  16   a  together. As can be most easily seen in  FIGS. 2B and 2C , the glue line  20   e  will form the spine  20   d  of the book. The sheet is then folded in half again as indicated by arrow  16   f ( ii ). When the two folds are completed, the large sheet  16   a  forms cover sheet  20   c , internal sheets  20   a ( i ) and  20   a ( ii ), and back sheet  20   b . The resulting book has eight pages: the front &amp; back of cover sheet  20   c , the front and &amp; back of internal sheet  20   a ( i ), the front and back of internal sheet  20   a ( ii ), and the front and back of back sheet  20   b.    
     The resulting book can be increased in size by adding sheets. For example, another one or more large sheet(s) like  16   a  can be folded and nested within large sheet  16   a  and/or laid on top of  16   a . Using two large sheets like  16   a  would provide a book with 8 sheets and 16 pages. Alternatively, a medium sheet which is half the size of large sheet  16   a  can be tucked into the fold and adhered top and bottom with a pair of glue lines similar to  20   e . One large sheet and one medium sheet would provide a book with 6 sheets and 12 pages. In this manner, books with increasing number of [paired] pages can be formed by combining 1, 2, 3 or more large sheets and 1 or more medium sheets. In lieu of two medium sheets, one could simply add a folded large sheet. 
     The book shown in  FIG. 2C  is fully assembled and as a multi-up book it contains two or booklets, each with a complete set of instructions or indicia. In a subsequent step, the top fold  16   f ( i ) will be trimmed off to allow the pages of book  20  to open and separate from each other. To prepare book  20  for use in the subsequent manufacturing steps, it is desirable to tuck in the free edges to streamline the book for further handling. Book  20  is divided into three sections with two fold locations designated as  20   x ( i ) and  20   x ( ii ). The arrow  20   y ( i ) indicates the fold direction as the book is initially folded at first fold location  20   x ( i ).  FIG. 2D  shows the resulting configuration with a completed first fold  20   z ( i ). The arrow  20   y ( ii ) indicates the fold direction as the book is subsequently folded at second fold location  20   x ( ii ),  FIG. 2E  shows the resulting configuration with a completed second fold  20   z ( ii ). Note the free ends of the sheets are tucked inside the book so as to avoid interference with the processing and handling equipment. As will be explained in greater detail below, the folded book  20  includes an upper surface  20   r  that will be adhered to the overlaminate, and a lower surface  20   s  that will be placed on the web and selectively adhered thereto. 
     Referring to a top view of the folded book,  FIG. 2F  shows book  20  with three booklets  22   b ,  22   d ,  22   f  alternating with a top waste zone  24   a , intermediate waste zones  24   c ,  24   e  and a bottom waste zone  24   g . As mentioned earlier, top waste zone  24   a  contains fold  16   f ( i ) and will be trimmed off. 
     Another form of a multi-up book  30  having 6 sheets and 12 pages made from a single large sheet  26  is shown in  FIGS. 3A-2F . In these drawings, reference numerals having a 26 prefix, refer to sheet(s) that are used to construct the book. Reference numerals with a 30 prefix refer to the completed book. Reference numerals with a 32 prefix refer to booklets, while reference numerals with a 34 prefix refer to the waste zones.  FIG. 3A  shows a large sheet  26   a  pre-printed with indicia, to create properly oriented text and images for the various booklets that will be part of the multi-up book. Large sheet  26  is accordion folded twice in thirds to form folds  26   f ( i ) and  26   f ( ii ). Glue  30   e  is applied within both folds. Each glue line secures two linear sections of the accordion folded sheet  26  together. As can be most easily seen in  FIGS. 3B and 3C , the glue line  30   e  will form the spine  30   d  of the book. The sheet is then folded in half again as indicated by arrow  26   f ( iii ). When the three folds are completed, the large sheet  26  forms cover sheet  30   c , internal sheets  30   a ( i ) and  30   a ( ii ) and  30   a  ( iii ) and  30   a ( iv ), and back sheet  30   b . The resulting book has twelve pages: the front &amp; back of cover sheet  30   c , the front and &amp; back of internal sheets  30   a ( i ) through  30   a ( iv ), and the front and back of back sheet  30   b.    
     The resulting book can be increased in size by adding folds. For example, another one or a larger sheet like  26  can be accordion folded three or more times to produce four or more panels, respectively. That is the total number of folds of form  26   f ( i ), can be represented by ii, iii, iv . . . n. Where the number of panels would be represented by 3, 4, 5 . . . n+1. 
     In this manner, books with increasing number of [paired] pages can be formed by an increasing number of accordion folds. 
     The book shown in  FIG. 3C  is fully assembled and as a multi-up book it contains two or booklets, each with a complete set of instructions or indicia. In a subsequent step, the top fold  26   f ( ii ) will be trimmed off to allow the pages of book  30  to open and separate from each other. If additional folds are present along the top edge of book  30 , they will likewise be trimmed off. Similarly, the bottom fold  26   f ( i ) will be trimmed off along with any additional folds present at the bottom edge of book  30 . To prepare book  30  for use in the subsequent manufacturing steps, it is desirable to tuck in the free edges to streamline the book for further handling. Book  30  is divided into three sections with two fold locations designated as  30   x ( i ) and  30   c ( ii ). The arrow  30   y ( i ) indicates the fold direction as the book is initially folded at first fold location  30   x ( i ).  FIG. 3D  shows the resulting configuration with a completed first fold  30   z ( i ). The arrow  30   y ( ii ) indicates the fold direction as the book is subsequently folded at second fold location  30   x ( ii ).  FIG. 3E  shows the resulting configuration with a completed second fold  30   z ( ii ). Note the free ends of the sheets are tucked inside the book so as to avoid interference with the processing and handling equipment. As will be explained in greater detail below, the folded book  30  includes an upper surface  30   r  that will be adhered to the overlaminate, and a lower surface  30   s  that will be placed on the web and be selectively adhered thereto. 
     Referring to a top view of the folded book,  FIG. 3F  shows book  30  with two booklets  32   b ,  32   d  alternating with a top waste zone  34   a , an intermediate waste zone  34   c , and a bottom waste zone  34   g . As mentioned earlier, top waste zone  34   a  contains fold  26   f ( ii ) and will be trimmed off. Bottom waste zone  34   e  contains fold  26   f ( i ) and will be trimmed off. 
     Another form of a multi-up book  40  having 6 sheets and 12 pages made from a single large sheet  36   a  is shown in  FIGS. 4A-4G . In these drawings, reference numerals having a 36 prefix, refer to sheet(s) that are used to construct the book. Reference numerals with a 40 prefix refer to the completed book. Reference numerals with a 42 prefix refer to booklets, while reference numerals with a 44 prefix refer to the waste zones.  FIG. 4A  shows a large sheet  36   a  pre-printed with indicia to create properly oriented text and images for the various booklets that will be part of the multi-up book. Large sheet  36   a  is folded end-over-end twice in thirds to form folds  36   f ( i ) and  36   f ( ii ). Glue  40   e  is applied within both folds. For example, glue is applied in a line down the center of large sheet  36   a  perpendicular to the folds  36   f . The glue line secures two linear sections of the end-over-end folded sheet  36   a  together. As can be most easily seen in  FIGS. 4B ,  4 C and  4 D, the glue line  40   e  will form the spine  40   d  of the book. The sheet is then folded in half as indicated by arrow  36   f ( iii ). Glue line  40   e  is disposed co-linear to the final fold  36   f ( iii ) which cooperatively form spine  40   d . When the three folds are completed, the large sheet  26  forms cover sheet  40   c , internal sheets  40   a ( i ) and  40   a ( ii ) and  40   a  ( iii ) and  40   a ( iv ), and back sheet  40   b . The resulting book has twelve pages: the front &amp; back of cover sheet  40   c , the front and &amp; back of internal sheets  40   a ( i ) through  40   a ( iv ), and the front and back of back sheet  40   b.    
     The resulting book can be increased in size by adding folds. For example, another one or a larger sheet like  36   a  can be folded end-over-end three or more times to produce four or more panels, respectively. That is the total number of folds of form  36   f ( i ), can be represented by ii, iii, iv . . . n. Where the number of panels can be calculated as a function of folds as ii+1, iii+1, iv+1 resulting in the number of panels being 3, 4, 5 . . . , n+1. In this manner, books with increasing number of [paired] pages can be formed by an increasing number of end-over-end folds. 
     The book shown in  FIG. 4D  is fully assembled and as a multi-up book it contains two or more booklets, each with a complete set of instructions or indicia. In a subsequent step, the top fold  36   f ( ii ) will be trimmed off to allow the pages of book  40  to open and separate from each other. If additional folds are present along the top edge of book  40 , they will likewise be trimmed off. Similarly, the bottom fold  36   f ( i ) will be trimmed off along with any additional folds present at the bottom edge of book  30 . To prepare book  40  for use in the subsequent manufacturing steps, it is desirable to tuck in the free edges to streamline the book for further handling. Book  40  is divided into three sections with two fold locations designated as  40   x ( i ) and  40   x ( ii ). The arrow  40   y ( i ) indicates the fold direction as the book is initially folded at first fold location  40   x ( i ).  FIG. 4E  shows the resulting configuration with a completed first fold  40   z ( i ). The arrow  40   y ( ii ) indicates the fold direction as the book is subsequently folded at second fold location  40   x ( ii ).  FIG. 4F  shows the resulting configuration with a completed second fold  40   z ( ii ). Note the free ends of the sheets (which are opposite spine  40   d  as shown in  FIG. 4D ) are tucked inside the book so as to avoid interference with the processing and handling equipment. As will be explained in greater detail below, the folded book  40  includes an upper surface  40   r  that will be adhered to the overlaminate, and a lower surface  40   s  that will be placed on the web and remain unadhered thereto. 
     Referring to a top view of the folded book,  FIG. 4G  shows book  40  with two booklets  42   b ,  42   d  alternating with a top waste zone  44   a , an intermediate waste zone  44   c , and a bottom waste zone  44   e . As mentioned earlier, top waste zone  44   a  contains fold  36   f ( ii ) and will be trimmed off. If additional top folds are present, they will be trimmed off also. Bottom waste zone  44   e  contains fold  36   f ( i ) and will be trimmed off. If additional bottom folds are present, they will be trimmed off also. 
     As discussed above,  FIG. 4F  shows a multi-up book that is bi-folded in equal thirds to form folded book  40 . An alternative configuration is shown in  FIG. 5 , where the multi-up book is twice folded in unequal sections to form folded book  50 . Folded book  50  shows a ramp-up section  50   q ( i ) of double thickness, a center section of triple thickness, and a ramp-down section  50   q ( ii ) of single thickness. The ramp-up and ramp-down sections are useful in certain applications, for example with thicker books. All of the multi-up books described in this application can be folded to include the ramp-up and/or ramp-down sections. As used herein, a ramp section means a section having fewer than all panels present. The ramp sections are located at the leading or trailing edges of the multi-up book. As will be described in greater detail below, the lower section  50   s  will be placed on the web and remain unadhered, while the upper section  50   r  will be adhered to the overlaminate. The ramp sections will allow the overlaminate to layer onto the book and web with a smoother transition. That is, the overlaminate can transition off the web to a double thickness, before accommodating the triple thickness. The overlaminate can then transition to a single thickness before re-attaching to the web. As can be seen in  FIG. 4F , if book  40  is very thick, gaps may form on either side as the overlaminate transitions from the web to triple thickness and then back down to the web. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 5 , the upper surface  50   r  will be adhered to the overlaminate, with all other sheets being free from the overlaminate. The book may be formed with perforation, for example, perforations running in the sheets parallel to the spine of the book. When the booklet is opened, perforation  50   p ( i ) would allow about ⅙ of the sheet to be removed. Such perforations can be included on one or more sheets at similar or different locations. Other perforations  50   p ( ii ) allow about a half sheet to be removed. Where perforation  50   p ( iii ) would allow about 1 full sheet to be removed. The sheet portions that are removed could include coupons, receipts for pharmacists, hand-outs for patients, or other printed or machine-scannable documents. Each booklet could have multiple perforations on one sheet, or several perforations on different sheets. The hand-outs could be similar to each other or different. As can be appreciated, the original large sheets  6   a ,  16   a ,  26   a ,  36   a  and the medium sheets  8   a  can be preprinted and perforated to provide indicia and hand-outs in certain orientations and configurations within the individual booklets. 
     The manufacturing method according to the invention will now be described in reference to the schematic in  FIG. 6  which shows a side elevational view of a web  600  traveling off a spool  600   s , heading toward the right side of the page, through various processing stations. Web travels in a longitudinal direction  600 L. The bottom of the web is supported by a conveyor belts or rollers, which are not shown for the sake of clarity. Web may be chosen from various paper or label stock. In a preferred embodiment, web  600  includes a release liner  600   a , and a paper layer  600   b  coated with adhesive  600   c , as shown in  FIG. 7B . The release liner is a polypropylene substrate having a thickness between 0.5 mil and 4.5 mils. 
     Suitable labels include those having between 54# to 60# facestock. Such label stock is available from Avery Dennison sold under the trademame Fasson®. For example, Avery Dennison supplies 54# semi-gloss facestock (paper) coated with C2500 rubber based adhesive disposed on 40# bleached, calendered kraft stock liner; and 60# semi-gloss facestock (paper) coated with S246 general purpose permanent rubber based adhesive FDA compliant with 21 CFR 175.105 disposed on 40# bleached, calendered kraft stock liner. The preferred label stock is the latter 60# semi-gloss facestock coated with S246 disposed on 40# stock. 
     As a broad overview, the web passes through a printing station  602 , a first die cutting station  604 , an adhesive printing station  606 , a sensor  608 , a book dispensing station  610 , a laminating station  640 , a second die cutting station  650  and a web and label take up station  660 . 
     In summary, the web is processed to receive certain printing, first die cutting and adhesive application before reaching the book dispensing station  610 . Book dispenser  610  holds a stack of books, for example books  10 ,  20 ,  30 , or  40  as described above. Books  10  are dispensed one at a time on to moving web  600 , with slight spaces between adjacent books. Subsequently, the web carrying the books is processed to receive a laminate, second die cutting, waste laminate removal, and collecting the web-bound completed labels. 
     Prior to reaching book dispenser  610 , web  600  is prepared with printing, die cutting and adhesive application. Printing is achieved via a printing station  602 . Web  600  may be printed at an earlier time and then wound on to spool  600   s . As can be seen in  FIG. 7A , printed matter may include indicia  602   a  that will appear on the label to the left of the booklet. Printing may also include a registration mark  602   b  that is read by sensor  608  to control the longitudinal placement of books  10  along the web. That is, the registration mark  602   b  will be placed in a known location with respect to the printing, die cutting and adhesive  600   c  so that the books  10  can be disposed on the web in proper positions. 
     Die cutting is achieved via a first die cutting station  604 . Die cutting may occur before or after printing. Die cutting may occur before or after the web is wound on to spool  600   s . Die cutting may be performed by a drum having a raised blade or blades which rotates in registration with web  600  to repeatedly cut and remove sections of paper layer  600   b  and its adhesive coating  600   c . In other words, the diameter of the drum is sized to carry one or more spaced blades which rotate at the same velocity as web  600  to automatically and continuously cut sections of the paper layer  600   b . In one embodiment, the drum carries three pairs of parallel blades, where each pair cuts a section of web  600  that is removed before further processing. As can be seen in  FIGS. 7A  and  7 B, the resulting web includes cut sections  604   a  where only the release liner  600   a  remains. In between the cut sections are label sections  604   b . These label sections  604   b  include a printed column  604   c  and a book placement column  604   d . In a preferred embodiment, printed column  604   c  contains multiple instances of indicia  602   a  that are located in the rows designated by reference numerals  612   b  and  612   d . Similarly, book placement column  604   d  contains multiple booklet target zones  604   e  that are also located in the rows designated by reference numerals  612   b  and  612   d.    
     Label section  604   b  and cut sections  604   a  are arranged in alternating columns that are spaced longitudinally along the web. Waste rows  614  and label rows  612  are arranged in alternating rows spaced along the width of the web. The intersection of booklet placement column  604   d  and label rows (i.e.  612   b  and  612   d ) represent a booklet target zone  604   e.    
     Each label section  604   b  has three or more discrete areas that are arranged top to bottom in a direction across the width  600   w  of the web. In a two-up configuration, label section  604   d  includes a B label  622   b  and a D label  622   d  arranged in alternating rows with waste labels. More specifically, there is a top waste label  624   a , a middle waste label  624   c  and a bottom waste label  624   e . As will be described more fully below, the booklet waste zones  14   a ,  14   c  and  14   e  will be adhered to the waste labels  624   a ,  624   c  and  624   e  respectively. The booklets  12   b  and  12   d  will overlie B label  622   b  and D label  622   d , respectively. 
     Adhesive is applied at adhesive printer  606 . While the printing and first die cutting may be provided in either order, both operations are ideally completed before adhesive application. Adhesive may be applied by a rotating drum carrying a printing plate with raised surfaces that will carry adhesive from a source to selected portions of the web. Adhesive may also be sprayed, injected or applied by any suitable means. Adhesive is applied to one or more waste rows  614   a ,  614   c  and/or  614   e , as indicated by adhesive strip  606   a . The adhesive may continue or stop across cut columns  604   a.    
     Glue used to secure the books to the web may be selected from various adhesives used in paper converting applications that are approved for use in pharmaceutical packaging. Such adhesive may be permanent acrylic adhesive, for example, clear, permanent acrylic adhesive S8020 available from Avery Dennison sold under the tradename Fasson®. 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  show 3 label sections with various features separated by cut sections  604   a . The first label section illustrates how the area of the label section is divided into 5 parts to form a two-up label. The label is not physically divided, but rather has sections that are predetermined to serve various functions. The middle label section shows certain of the divisions separated by dotted lines, with an adhesive strip  606   a  applied to the middle waste label  624   c , and with printing on the adjacent two labels  622   b  and  d . The right label section shows printed indicia  602   a , printed registration mark  602   b  and a booklet target zone  604   e . In summary, all label sections  604   b  have indicia  602   a , registration mark  602   b  and adhesive strip  606   a  when they are entering the booklet dispenser  610 . 
     Physically, each label section  604   b  has their left and right edges defined by the cut sections  604   a . Each label section has indicia  602   a  to the left and a registration mark  602   b . Adhesive  606   a  is disposed in one or more of the waste rows  614   a ,  614   c , and/or  614   e.    
     The web then travels passed sensor  608  before entering book dispenser  610 . Books  10  are dispensed to overlie book placement column  604   d . The width of web  600  can be selected to be approximately the same length of the book spine. Accordingly, the top and bottom edges of book  10  will be aligned with the longitudinal edges of web  600 . The sensor  608  detects the location of registration mark  602   b  which is placed in a predetermined location with respect to the leading or trailing edge of each label section  604   b . Label dispenser  610  uses the sensed data to place book  10  so that its leading edge is in registration with the right side of label section  604   b.    
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate web  600  with three adhesive strips  606   a  running longitudinally along the web. The adhesive strips  606   a  are located in the waste rows ( 614   a, c  and  e ), passing across the cut sections  604   a  and the label sections  604   b . The waste zones  14   a, c  and e of the books will align with the adhesive strips  606   a  to temporarily hold the book in place on the web. It should be noted that booklets  12   b  and  12   d  will not be adhered to the web. On the right label section  604   b , a book  10  has been adhered in place along the right edge of label section  604   b . The left side of the drawings show a book  10  being aligned for placement on to the next available label section  604   b . This process allows a two-up or multi-up booklets to be placed on the web in one step. 
     Next the web with adhered books passes to a laminating station  640  where a continuous laminate having a similar width to the web, is fed from a laminate spool  640   b  and applied over the web and books. The laminate is may be opaque, translucent or transparent. If an opaque laminate is used, it may be pre-printed with indicia. In such a case, the laminate would need to be applied to the label section and book in registration. In a preferred embodiment the laminate is transparent without indicia. Accordingly, the indicia  602   a  and any printing on the upper facing surface of the book can be seen through the laminate. The laminate has a lower surface covered with adhesive and protected by a release liner. The release liner is peeled away and discarded as the laminate dispenses off the laminate spool. A press roller  600   c  insures that the laminate is closely adhered to the web as it encounters the bumps going from the flat web to the books adhered to the label sections. 
     Suitable laminate includes facestock between 0.8 to 1 mil thick coated with adhesive disposed on a liner. Suitable laminates are available from Avery Dennison sold under the tradename Fasson®. For example, Avery Dennison supplies 0.8 mil polypropylene facestock coated with clear, permanent acrylic adhesive; and 1 mil clear printed—treated polyester coated with S8020 clear, permanent acrylic adhesive disposed on 40# bleached white glassine liner. The preferred laminate is the latter 1 mil clear printed—treated polyester coated with S8020 clear, permanent acrylic adhesive disposed on 40# bleached white glassine liner. 
     Next the laminated web passes through a second die cutting station  650  where a die cutter  650   a  selectively cuts through portions of the laminate, book and label section  604   b . The waste laminate with attached waste zones  14  from book  10  and attached label sections pass a guide roller  650   b  and on to a laminate take up reel  650   c . More specifically, the die cutter  650  may consist of rectangular cutting dies. The cutting dies are configured to cut through the laminate on the left and right sides of each label. On the left side, the laminate is cut to be coextensive with the left side of the label section  604   b . In other words, the label section and laminate end along the same line to collectively form the left edge of the completed label. 
       FIG. 9B  shows a side view of the right blade of the rectangle in approximately the 6 o&#39;clock position, and the left blade in approximately the 1 o&#39;clock position. A section of the bottom blade is shown in approximately the 9 o&#39;clock to 11 o&#39;clock position. The remainder of the bottom blade is shown in dotted line for the sake of clarity. The top blade is not shown in the view, as it would be located behind the bottom blade. The bottom and top blades continue from the right blade in the 6 o&#39;clock position to the left blade in the 1 o&#39;clock position, thus forming the rectangular cutting die. 
     Above and below each label, the cutting dies slice the laminate, books and labels. By simultaneously slicing the laminate, books and labels, the longitudinal edges of the finished labels have a clean uniform edge. The cutting dies do not cut the web at any point. 
     The right side of  FIG. 9A  shows the waste laminate having rectangular window cut-outs  650   d  therethrough. Each window corresponds with a section of laminate that is left behind which covers the booklets and labels. Also shown on the right side of  FIG. 9A  in cross-hatching, is the waste zones  14   a, c  and  e  of the book (adhered to the laminate) that are removed with the waste laminate. Below that is the label section  604   b  (adhered to the waste zones of the book) that are also removed with the waste laminate. In other words, all the material in waste rows  614  are removed down to the release liner  600   a . It should be noted that any folds in the top and/or bottom of the book [for example  36   f ( i ) and  36   f ( ii )] will be removed from the web with the waste laminate  640   d . The left side of  FIG. 9A  shows the laminate before it enters the second die cutting station  650 . The book and label section are shown in dotted line underneath the laminate. 
     In  FIG. 9B  the completed label  700  is shown remaining on the release liner  600   a  after the die cut waste laminate  640   d  is removed. Finally, the web enters the web and label take up station  660 . The web carrying the competed labels pass by web takeup guide roller  660   b  and are wound on web and label take up spool  660   a.    
     In  FIG. 10  the web  600  with completed labels  700  in a two-up configuration is shown in a top view. While a description will be given of the label in the right bottom corner, such description applies to all labels on the web. The D label  622   d  is shown with an exaggerated thickness to illustrate that the remaining sections of paper  600   b  have now been removed from the release liner  600   a  of web  600 . The  12   d  booklet is adhered to the right side of label  622   d . The remaining laminate  640  overlies labels  622   d  and extends further off the right side thereof to form laminate tab  640   e . Laminate  640   a  is adhered to the exposed (left) portion of label  622   d  and is adhered to booklet  12   d . The web may be slit in between the two labels, and each row of labels may be wound onto individual spools, providing several one-up label rolls. 
       FIGS. 8A ,  8 B,  9 B show the right edge of book  10  aligned with the right edge of label section  604   b . In an alternate embodiment the right edge of book  10  is spaced from the right edge of label section  604   b  to create a label tab. The label tab can be unitary with label section  604   b , or a perforation can be provided between the label tab and label section  604   b . The perforations can be formed within the first die cutting station  604 . This label tab would extend underneath laminate tab  640   e , that is the label tab would reside between laminate tab  640   e  and release liner  600   a . According to this embodiment, the laminate tab  640   e  would be peeled from and re-adhered to the label tab, rather than the plastic bottle  800  (as shown in  FIGS. 11A-C ). If the label tab is perforated, it can be removed if the user prefers to have the laminate tab adhere to the container. 
     As described above, the first die cutting station  604  removed a cut section  604   a  of label in the area where laminate tab  640   e  would subsequently be formed. The paper  600   b  is smaller than laminate  640   a . Since the laminate covers the entire web, and sections of paper which are to be omitted have to be die cut and removed before the laminate is applies. When the completed label is mounted on a container, the laminate tab can adhere directly to the container. If the laminate tab is to be formed onto the label, then first die cutting station can be eliminated with all die cutting and removing of waste laminate, book waste zones, and label paper occurring at the second die cutting station  650 . In other words, the final shape of the laminate  640   a  and paper  600   b  would be the same and could be cut with a single die cutting station. The window cut-out  650   d  leaves behind the laminate tab  640   e . If the first die cutting station was omitted, there would be paper  600   b  underneath the laminate tab. 
     The completed labels  700  from the bottom right of  FIG. 9B  and from  FIG. 10  are peeled off the release liner and the label  622   d  is adhered to a container.  FIG. 11A  shows label  622   d  adhered to a cylindrical plastic bottle. The section of overlaminate where it transitions from label  622   d  to booklet  12   d  forms a hinge  700   a . The hinge holds booklet  12   d  so that label  622   d  can freely conform to any radius container. In other words, label  622   d  can be adhered to the container without interference from the multiple pages of booklet  12   d.    
     The web may wrap around a peel edge to release the completed label. As the label begins to separate from the web, a bottle is introduced. A roller  810  rotates clockwise while pressed against the bottle which rotates counter-clockwise. As the label is progressively adhered the pages within the booklet can shift and slide without effecting the smooth application of the label to the curved surface. Often in prior art booklet labels, the booklet is adhered to the label. This arrangement ties the overlaminate, booklet and label together. When this ensemble has many pages or bends around a small radius, the outer pages need to travel a further distance than the inner pages. Since all components are tied together, the ensemble will crease. According to the invention, the label can adhere to the container while the booklet and laminate are free to independently conform to the containers radius. Thus, the booklet and label are being pressed against the container at the same time, but are free to shift and slide without interference from the other. 
     After label  622   d  is completed adhered, the roller then arrives at the laminate tab  640   e . The laminate tab wraps the booklet around the bottle and adheres to the bottle in a location that is totally independent from the label, as shown in  FIG. 11B . Accordingly, one label configuration can be used on bottles with different radii. In addition, booklets of different styles, sizes and thicknesses can be used in a standard manufacturing set up. The laminate tab is self adjusting to enclose booklets of any thickness and securely hold them closed until needed. Thus, the laminate tab can adhere to the container closer or farther from the label. 
     The bottle with enclosed booklet as shown in  FIG. 11B  is ready to be packaged, shipped and sold. When the booklet needs to be accessed, the laminate tab  640   e  is peeled away from the bottle, pivoting at hinge  700   a  to carry the booklet away from the bottle, to a configuration shown in  FIG. 11A . If the laminate tab is large or uses very strong adhesive, it may be desirable to reduce the holding strength to facilitate peeling the tab from the bottle. For this purpose, stripes of release material may be printed on the tab. The print area can be adjusted to determine how much adhesive will remain on the tab, thereby controlling the adhesive strength. The booklet can be unfolded at the two fold locations  10   x ( ii ) and  10   x ( i ). The user is presented with 6 or more pages of information, with all pages connected together at spine  10   d . For certain applications, perforations may be provided. For example, a portion of the front page may be ripped off at perforation  50   p ( i ). An entire page, e.g. the back page, may be ripped off at perforation  50   p ( ii ). 
     While various forms of books and booklets have been shown and described, it should be understood that additional configurations may be provided within the scope of the application. For example, books with a greater number of pages may be provided. Books having two or more booklets contained therein may be included. Books with different fold locations and directions may be provided. In addition, several embodiments have been shown and described for a manufacturing process. Additional steps, or steps executed in different order are included within the scope of the invention. For example, adhesive and the release liner can be applied to the web before or after the labels are printed. 
     Having described preferred embodiments for books, booklets, folds, processes, apparatus and systems used therein for manufacturing extended content booklet labels (which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting), it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in the particular embodiments of the invention disclosed which are within the scope and spirit of the invention as outlined by the appended claims. Having thus described the invention with the details and particularity required by the patent laws, what is claimed and desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.