Patent Publication Number: US-2010116389-A1

Title: Cushion compound for cold-retreading tyres

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a cushion compound for cold-retreading tyres. 
     The term “cross-linkable unsaturated-chain polymer base” is intended to mean any natural or synthetic non-cross-linked polymer capable of assuming all the typical chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of elastomers when cross-linked (cured) with sulphur-based systems. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     When a tyre tread wears out, the rest of the tyre is normally still capable of ensuring original performance. So, obviously, disposing of tyres with worn treads is not only economically wasteful, but also harmful ecologically. 
     By way of a solution to the problem, so-called retreaded tyres are now commonly produced, by replacing the tread on a used carcass. 
     There are two main tyre retreading techniques: hot and cold retreading. 
     Cold retreading is so-called on account of the low retreaded tyre curing temperatures employed (80-130° C.), and has the advantage over hot retreading of avoiding thermal stress of the used tyre carcass, and of being applicable to any type of tread (different tread patterns). 
     Cold retreading comprises inserting a green-rubber connecting layer or so-called “cushion” between the cleaned carcass and the new tread, the mating surface of which is coated with a layer of adhesive compound (so-called “cement”). The cement and cushion ensure adhesion of the new tread to the carcass following cold curing; and the cushion normally comprises a cross-linkable polymer base, a curing system, and a so-called “tackifier resin”. 
     Cold retreading has the major drawback of employing organic-solvent-based cements. As is known, organic solvents are highly volatile, and constitute both an ecological hazard and, above all, a health hazard to the workers coming into contact with them. 
     For all these reasons, recent European regulations have imposed a drastic reduction in the use of organic solvents in the tyre industry, thus forcing tyre manufacturers to seek alternative ways of ensuring firm adhesion of the rubber layers. 
     A demand therefore exists for a cold tyre retreading technique employing no cement, but without impairing adhesion of the new tread to the tyre carcass. 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     According to the present invention, there is provided a cushion compound for cold-retreading tyres, comprising a polymer base, a reinforcing filler, a curing system, and a tackifier resin; said cushion compound being characterized in that said tackifier resin is a para-t-butylphenolacetylene resin, and is present in an amount ranging between 0.5 and 15 phr. 
     The para-t-butylphenolacetylene resin is preferably present in an amount ranging between 4 and 8 phr. 
     The cushion compound preferably comprises an aromatic-hydrocarbon resin. 
     The cushion compound preferably comprises between 0.5 and 5 phr of aromatic-hydrocarbon resin. 
    
    
     The following non-limiting examples are purely indicative, for a clear understanding of the invention. 
     Three compounds (A, B, C) in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, and two control compounds (D, E) were produced. As shown in Table I, the five compounds A-E differ solely as to the type and quantity of tackifier resin. 
     More specifically, the compounds were prepared as follows: 
     (1st Mixing Step) 
     Before mixing was commenced, a roughly 2.15-litre, tangential-rotor mixer was loaded, to a fill factor of 66-72%, with natural rubber, carbon black, zinc oxide, stearic acid, antioxidants, and tackifier resin. 
     The mixer was run at a speed of 60-80 rpm, and the resulting mixture was unloaded on reaching a temperature of 140-160° C. 
     (2nd Mixing Step) 
     The mixture from the first step was mixed again in a mixer run at a speed of 60-80 rpm, and was unloaded on reaching a temperature of 130-150° C. and a fill factor of 70%. 
     (3rd Mixing Step) 
     The curing system was added to the mixture from the second step to a fill factor of 63-67%. 
     The mixer was run at a speed of 20-40 rpm, and the resulting mixture was unloaded on reaching a temperature of 100-110° C. 
     In Table I, the component quantities are indicated in phr (parts per hundred parts of polymer base). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE I 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
                 D 
                 E 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Natural rubber 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 Carbon black 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 Zinc oxide 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Stearic acid 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Antioxidants 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Sulphur 
                 2.5 
               
               
                   
                 Accelerants 
                 1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Aromatic-hydrocarbon 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 9 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 resin 
               
               
                   
                 Alkylphenol-formaldehyde 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 7 
               
               
                   
                 resin 
               
               
                   
                 Para-t- 
                 4 
                 7 
                 10  
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 butylphenolacetylene 
               
               
                   
                 resin 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     More specifically, control compounds D and E relate to standard compounds used in combination with cement. 
     Compounds A-E were laboratory tested. 
     Table II shows, for each of compounds A-E, the rheometric values, as per ASTM Standard D5289 (Mh, t10, t90), of curing tests of the compound at 160° C., and tackiness values as per ASTM Standard D413-98. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE II 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
                 D 
                 E 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mh (dNxm) 
                 11.9 
                 10.9 
                 10.7 
                 10.4 
                 10.4 
               
               
                 t10 
                 0.66 
                 0.69 
                 0.68 
                 0.70 
                 0.74 
               
               
                 t90 
                 1.32 
                 1.36 
                 1.35 
                 1.39 
                 1.40 
               
               
                 Tackiness (g) 
                 173 
                 229 
                 248 
                 100 
                 127 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown clearly in Table II, the compounds according to the present invention have a much higher tackiness level than the control compounds, but without substantially affecting the physical properties of the compound. 
     Table III shows the tackiness and peeling test values, as per ASTM Standard D1876-01, of compound D in combination with a standard cement, and of compound B in combination with and without standard cement. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE III 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Compound B 
               
               
                   
                 Compound D 
                 Compound B 
                 without 
               
               
                   
                 with cement 
                 with cement 
                 cement 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tackiness (g) 
                 100 
                 233 
                 200 
               
               
                 Peeling force 
                 20 
                 20 
                 22 
               
               
                 (N/mm) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To better assess Table III, it should be pointed out that the tackiness test refers to adhesion of the green cushion compound to a cured part of the tyre for retreading, and so indicates the characteristics of the tyre being retreaded; whereas the peeling test refers to adhesion of the cured cushion compound to other cured parts of the retreaded tyre, and so indicates the characteristics of the finished, i.e. retreaded, tyre. 
     As shown in Table III, without cement, the compound according to the present invention maintains high tackiness values, while improving peeling force. 
     Table IV shows the test results of actual retreading of the tyre with compound D (standard) with cement, compound D without cement, and compound B without cement. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE IV 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Compound D 
                 Compound B 
               
               
                   
                 Compound D 
                 without 
                 without 
               
               
                   
                 with cement 
                 cement 
                 cement 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Retreading 
                 NO 
                 YES 
                 NO 
               
               
                 problems 
               
               
                 Peeling FORCE 
                 40 
                 — 
                 65 
               
               
                 (Kgf/25 mm) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table IV, without cement, the compound according to the present invention is the only one capable of ensuring cold retreading of the tyre.