Patent Publication Number: US-11390214-B2

Title: Vehicle passenger sensing and reporting system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/298,200, currently pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/974,318, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure relates to methods, systems, and modules for detecting whether passengers in a vehicle are seated and secured in their seats in a passenger bus, car, or other vehicle, and for reporting to the vehicle operator whether their passengers are seated and secured within the vehicle. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Buses and other mass transit vehicles generally include numerous seats which may or may not be occupied at any given time and safety restraints (e.g., seatbelts) that may or may not be secured properly. An operator of the vehicle (e.g., a driver) may wish to confirm that all of their seated passengers have their safety restraints correctly engaged (e.g., buckled) during operation of the vehicle. 
     SUMMARY 
     An example embodiment of a reporting module for a seat sensing system for a vehicle may include a display configured to be disposed proximate an operator of the vehicle, a receiver configured to receive wireless communications, and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to determine, according to the received wireless communications, the respective locations of a plurality of seats in the vehicle, generate a graphical layout of the plurality of seats according to the determined locations, determine a passenger status and restraint status of each of the plurality of seats in the vehicle based on the communications, and operate the display to output the graphical layout of the plurality of seats, the graphical layout comprising the passenger status and restraint status of each of the plurality of seats, for the operator of the vehicle. 
     An example embodiment of a reporting module for a seat sensing system for a vehicle may include a display configured to be disposed proximate an operator of the vehicle, a receiver configured to receive wireless communications, a computer-readable memory, a universal power supply, and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to determine a passenger status and restraint status of each of a plurality of seats in the vehicle based on the communications, operate the display to output the passenger status and restraint status of each of the plurality of seats for the operator of the vehicle, transfer the passenger status and restraint status of each of the plurality of seats to the memory for storage, receive an indication from the universal power supply that a primary power source has been deactivated during a pending transfer of the passenger status and restraint status of at least one of the seats and, responsive to receiving the indication, complete the pending transfer and shut down after completing the pending transfer. 
     An example embodiment of a passenger sensing and reporting system for a vehicle having a plurality of seats may include a passenger sensor configured to provide an output indicative of a presence of a passenger in a seat in the vehicle, a restraint sensor configured to provide an output indicative of a status of a passenger safety restraint associated with the seat, a transmitter configured to be in electronic communication with the passenger sensor and the restraint sensor and to wirelessly transmit data indicative of the presence of a passenger in the seat and the status of the restraint, and a reporting module configured to be disposed proximate a driver of the vehicle. The reporting module may be configured to receive the data from the transmitter and output a respective status for each of a plurality of seats, the plurality of seats including the seat, the status of the seat being based on the data. The reporting module may be further configured to transmit a signal for the passenger sensor or the restraint sensor that alters the sensitivity of the passenger sensor or the restraint sensor, or interpret the data from the transmitter according to a size of a passenger seated in the seat. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a top plan diagrammatic view of an example embodiment of a passenger vehicle in which a passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system may be used. 
         FIG. 2A  is a front perspective view of an example embodiment of a set of two seats, each seat including a respective safety restraint, which may be used in conjunction with the passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
         FIG. 2B  is a rear perspective view of the example set of seats of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a passenger sensor that may find use in the passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a restraint extension sensor that may find use in the passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
         FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a passenger safety restraint which may be used in conjunction with a passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
         FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a passenger safety restraint which may be used in conjunction with the passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic view of an example embodiment of a passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system for a vehicle. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic view of an example embodiment of a circuit diagram showing a passenger cabin module and two seat sensor modules that may find use in the passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 8  is a flow chart illustrating an example method for providing data indicative of a passenger and seatbelt status of a seat in a vehicle. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic and schematic view of an example embodiment of a reporting module that may find use in the passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 10  is a flow chart of an example method for reporting a passenger status and safety restraint status of one or more seats in a vehicle. 
         FIG. 11  is a flow chart illustrating an example method for shutting down a reporting module of a passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
         FIG. 12  is a flow chart illustrating an example method of initializing a reporting module of a passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Current buses and other multi-passenger vehicles, such as airplanes, boats, and the like, generally do not include systems for quickly, effectively, and easily determining whether passengers are seated and whether their seatbelts or other safety restraints are properly secured. For example, commercial passenger buses generally do not include any techniques, other than by manual inspection, for the driver to confirm that all passengers are safely seated and buckled in. Similarly, it is common practice for flight attendants on commercial aircraft to walk through the passenger cabin and manually inspect each passenger to confirm that each passenger is seated and that each passenger&#39;s seatbelt is buckled. Such visual inspections can be time-consuming and may be ineffective, as passengers may unbuckle their seatbelts or get up from their seats immediately after such inspection, unbeknownst to the vehicle operator or attendant. 
     Systems and methods for automatically detecting whether a passenger is present in a seat of a vehicle, whether that passenger&#39;s seatbelt or other safety restraint is secured, and/or whether that safety restraint is in a proper position would improve passenger safety by ensuring that a vehicle operator can be aware if any passenger is not safely secured and respond accordingly. For example, the operator may instruct the passenger to sit down and/or secure his or her seatbelt or other safety restraint, or may stop the vehicle or delay movement of the vehicle altogether until each passenger is detected as being seated and safely buckled in. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view of an example embodiment of a vehicle, namely, passenger bus  100 , which includes passenger compartment  102  and operator compartment  104 . Passenger compartment  102  includes a plurality of passenger seats  202 , with passenger seats  202  arranged in sets  200  of two seats  202  apiece. It should be noted that, for clarity of illustration, not all seats  202 , and not all sets  200 , are designated in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 2A  is a front perspective view of set  200  of seats  202  that may find use in a vehicle, such as bus  100 , for example. Set  200  of seats  202  includes two seats  202 . Each seat  202  may include base portion  204 , backrest portion  208 , seat support  214 , one or more arm supports  216 , and passenger safety restraint  500 . Base portion  204  includes base cushion  206 , and backrest portion  208  includes back cushion  210  and housing  212 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 , passenger safety restraint  500  is a three-point seatbelt that includes lap belt portion  502 , chest belt portion  504 , buckle  506 , and spool  508 . Spool  508  may be integrated into housing  212  of backrest portion  208 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 2B  is a rear perspective view of set  200  of seats  202 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2B , each seat  202  may include rear portion  218  (e.g., the rear side of backrest portion  208 ) and footrest  220  for the passenger location in the seat behind seat  202 . One or more power supplies  222  may be integrated into set  200  of seats  202 , such that set  200  may have a common power supply  222  (as shown in  FIG. 2B ), or each seat may have its own power supply  222  (that is, set  200  of two seats  202  may include two power supplies  222 ). Power supply or supplies  222  for seat set  200  may be electrically coupled to the main electrical system of the vehicle and thus may draw power from a battery associated with the engine of the vehicle, or from the engine, in an embodiment. In other embodiments, power supply  222  may draw power from a passive power source that is separate from the main electrical system of the vehicle. For example, power supply  222  may draw power from a piezoelectric power generator disposed in or on seat  202 —which may generate power based on vibrations of the vehicle in which it is disposed—and an associated power storage device (e.g., a supercapacitor or battery). Additionally, or alternatively, power supply  222  may draw power from a solar cell  224  disposed on or around the seat  202 . Solar cell  222  may be disposed on the top of the headrest at the top of backrest  208  of the seat closest to the window, for example. Such a passive power system may also be used to provide power to the various sensors and other components of a passenger sensing and reporting system of this disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3 , respective passenger sensors  300  may be disposed in base cushions  206 .  FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of passenger sensor  300 , in the form of a pressure sensor. Passenger sensor  300  may be configured to detect the presence of a passenger in the seat  202  and to produce an output indicative of whether a passenger is present (e.g., seated) in the seat. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , passenger sensor  300  may be or may include a pressure sensor, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, passenger sensor  300  may be or may include a proximity sensor, touch sensor, motion sensor, a temperature sensor, radar/Lidar sensor, pneumatic sensor, hydraulic sensor, or other sensor capable of producing an output indicative of the presence of a passenger on a seat (e.g., based on the weight, heat, movement, etc. of the passenger). Passenger sensor  300  may be disposed in base portion  204  (e.g., in base cushion  206 ), in some embodiments. For example, passenger sensor  300  may be arranged such that a passenger&#39;s weight on base  204  closes a switch in passenger sensor  300 , thereby indicating the presence of the passenger. In other embodiments, passenger sensor  300  may be disposed in backrest portion  208  or arm support  216  of the seat, on seat support  214 , or at another location proximate seat  202  that enables passenger sensor  300  to detect the presence of a seated passenger. Passenger sensor  300  may produce a binary output, in an embodiment (e.g., in which a first output of two possible outputs is indicative of a passenger, and the second output is indicative of a lack of a passenger). In other embodiments, passenger sensor  300  may produce a spectrum of outputs (e.g., pressure values) that may be interpreted to determine if a passenger is present. For example, passenger sensor  300  may output a range of analog or digital values which can be interpreted to determine if a passenger is present in the seat, and in an embodiment, may be able to quantify whether the passenger displaces the weight of a child or the weight of an adult, to notify the operator of the difference. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2A and 4 , respective restraint extension sensors  400  may be disposed in or on spools  508 .  FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of restraint extension sensor  400 , in the form of a limit switch, that may measure the extension of chest belt portion  504  from spool  508  and produce an output indicative of that extension. Whether as a limit switch or in another form, safety restraint extension sensor  400  may be configured to detect an extension of safety restraint  500  and to produce an output indicative of an extension of safety restraint  500 . For example, safety restraint extension sensor  400  may be configured to detect and output a numerical measurement of the extension of safety restraint  500 , whether safety restraint  500  is or is not extended too far, and/or whether safety restraint  500  is or is not extended enough. The output of safety restraint extension sensor  400  may be indicative of whether a passenger is wearing safety restraint  500  properly and safely, in embodiments. Restraint extension sensor  400  may produce a binary output, in an embodiment (e.g., in which a first output is indicative of the restraint being sufficiently extended, and a second output is indicative of the restraint not being sufficiently extended). In other embodiments, restraint extension sensor  400  may produce a spectrum of outputs (e.g., extension measurement values) that may be interpreted to determine if safety restraint  500  is properly extended. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2A  and as noted above, safety restraint extension sensor  400  may be disposed in or on spool  508 , or in or on another location from which safety restraint extension sensor  400  can detect extension of chest belt portion  504 , lap belt portion  502 , and/or another portion of safety restraint  500 . 
       FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of example passenger safety restraint  500 ′, in the form of a two-point seatbelt. Seatbelt  500 ′ may find use in place of safety restraint  500 , or in conjunction with any appropriate seat. Seatbelt  500 ′ may include buckle  506 ′, which includes male buckle portion  510 ′ and female buckle portion  512 ′, and lap belt portion  502 ′, which includes first and second lap belt sub-portions  514 ′,  516 ′, each associated with a respective anchor  518 ′. Male and female buckle portions  510 ′,  512 ′ may include respective housings  520 ′,  522 ′, and female buckle portion  512 ′ may include release  524 ′. Male buckle portion  510 ′ may also include pulley-style (e.g., spring-biased) spool  508 ′ for extending and retracting seatbelt  500 ′. Safety restraint extension sensor  400  may be disposed in or on spool  508 ′. 
       FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of another example passenger safety restraint  500 ″, in the form of a two-point seatbelt. Seatbelt  500 ″ may find use in place of safety restraint  500 , or in conjunction with any appropriate seat. Seatbelt  500 ″ may include buckle  506 ″, which includes male buckle portion  510 ″ and female buckle portion  512 ″, and lap belt portion  502 ″ including first and second lap belt sub-portions  514 ″,  516 ″, each associated with a respective anchor  518 ″. Male and female buckle portions  510 ″,  512 ″ may include respective housings  520 ″,  522 ″, and female buckle portion  512 ″ may include release  524 ″. Seatbelt  500 ″ may further include bobbin-style spool  508 ″ for extending and retracting seatbelt  500 ″. Safety restraint extension sensor  400  may be disposed in or on spool  508 ″. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , safety restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ may include a safety restraint sensor  610 . Safety restraint sensor  610  may be configured to detect and produce an output indicative of whether safety restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ is secured. For example, safety restraint sensor  610  may be configured to detect and output an indication of whether safety restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ or other restraint is buckled (e.g., whether male buckle portion  510 ,  510 ″ is inserted into female buckle portion  512 ′,  512 ″). Safety restraint sensor  610  may be used in conjunction with a two-point seatbelt, three-point seatbelt, four-point, five-point, six-point, or seven-point harness, or other passenger safety restraints. Restraint sensor  610  may produce a binary output, in an embodiment (e.g., in which a first output is indicative of restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ being buckled, and a second output is indicative of restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ not being buckled). In other embodiments, restraint sensor  610  may produce a spectrum of outputs (e.g., an analog range of electrical current values) that may be interpreted to determine if safety restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ is buckled. 
     In an embodiment, safety restraint sensor  610  may be disposed in, on, or near, or may be otherwise coupled to, buckle  506 ′,  506 ″ of safety restraint  500 ′,  500 ″, in some embodiments. For example, safety restraint sensor  610  may be disposed in a housing of the buckle, such as a housing of female buckle portion  512 ′,  512 ″. In an embodiment, safety restraint sensor  610  may include an electrical switch that is closed when safety restraint  500 ′,  500 ″ is buckled (e.g., whether male buckle portion  510 ,  510 ″ is inserted into female buckle portion  512 ′,  512 ″). Safety restraint sensor  610  may additionally or alternatively include a magnetic sensor or other sensor for detecting the closing of buckle  506 ′,  506 ″ or other closure member. Safety restraint sensor  610  may be configured to indicate whether the buckle  506 ′,  506 ″ is open or closed. As will be described with respect to  FIGS. 6 and 8 , a reporting module (e.g., reporting module  602  of  FIG. 2 ) or other hardware or software may be configured to interpret the output of safety restraint sensor  610  to determine whether the buckle  506 ′,  506 ″ is open or closed. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic view of example passenger detection and reporting system  600 . System  600 , or portions thereof, may be deployed in a passenger vehicle, such as a bus, train, car, limousine, watercraft, airplane, or other vehicle. The remainder of this disclosure will discuss the structure and use of system  600  in a bus. Such description is by way of example only, and system  600  is not limited to use in any particular context except as explicitly set forth in the claims. 
     System  600  may include reporting module  602 , one or more (e.g., a plurality of) seat sensor modules  604 , and one or more (e.g., a plurality of) passenger cabin modules  606 . Reporting module  602 , or portions thereof, may be disposed proximate an operator of the vehicle, in an embodiment (e.g., in operator cabin  104  (see  FIG. 1 )). For example, reporting module  602  may be disposed next to or in a driver dashboard in a bus. Each seat module  604 , or portions thereof, may be disposed in or on a respective seat, and each passenger cabin module  602 , or portions thereof, may be disposed in a passenger cabin of the vehicle, in an embodiment (e.g., in passenger cabin  102  (see  FIG. 1 )). Broadly, each seat sensor module  604  may detect the presence or absence of a passenger in a respective seat, as well as whether that seat&#39;s seatbelt or other safety restraint is secured and/or extended. Passenger cabin module(s)  606  may provide power to seat sensor modules  604  and report the respective statuses of the seats (where a state of a seat may include or subsume one or more of a passenger status, a restraint buckled status, or a restraint extension status) to reporting module  602 , which may display the respective states of the seats for the operator of the vehicle. 
     In the example of  FIG. 6 , system  600  includes four seat sensor modules  604 , each of which may be associated with a respective seat, and two passenger cabin modules  606 , each associated with a pair of seats. For example, referring to  FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, and 6 , each seat sensor module  604  may be associated with a respective seat  202 , in an embodiment, and a passenger cabin module  606  may be associated with set  200  of seats  202 , in an embodiment. If such an arrangement were applied in bus  100  of  FIG. 1 , for example, an example system may include fourteen seat sensor modules  604  (one for each seat  202 ), seven passenger cabin modules  606  (one for each seat pair  200 ), and one reporting module  602 . This arrangement is described as an example only. In other example embodiments, a respective passenger cabin module  606  may be provided for each seat sensor module  604 , or a single passenger cabin module  606  may be provided for all seat sensor modules  604 , or a given passenger cabin module  606  may support three, four, or any other number of seat sensor modules  604 . 
     Each seat sensor module  604  may include passenger sensor  300 , restraint sensor  610 , and restraint extension sensor  400 . Each seat sensor module  604  may be associated with a particular seat and, as described below, each seat sensor module  604 , or portions thereof (e.g., one or more of the sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 ), may be disposed in, on, or near various portions of the seat or may be otherwise coupled with the seat so as to serve the particular function of the sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400 . 
     Each passenger cabin module  606  may include transmitter/receiver  614 , computing device  616 , and power source  618 , in an embodiment. Passenger cabin module  606  may be in electrical communication with one or more seat sensor modules  604  for the exchange of data and electrical power. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 6 , each passenger cabin module  606  is in electrical communication with two seat sensor modules  604  for the exchange of data and electrical power. 
     Power source  618  may be configured to provide power to the other components of the passenger cabin module  606  (e.g., the computing device  616  and transmitter/receiver  614 ), and/or to one or more components of one or more seat sensor modules  604  (e.g., one or more passenger sensors  300 , one or more restraint sensors  610 , and one or more restraint extension sensors  400 ). In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4 , power source  618  of each passenger cabin module  606  is configured to provide power for the components of two seat sensor modules  604 . 
     In some embodiments, power source  618  of the passenger cabin module  606  may be separate from the vehicle electrical system. Accordingly, one or more seat sensor modules  604 , and sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400  thereof, may draw power from power source  618  that is separate from the electrical system of the vehicle. For example, power source  618  may be or may include a passive power supply that includes a power generator and a power storage device. The power generator may be or may include a piezoelectric generator configured to produce electrical current or potential in response to vibrations or other movement of the vehicle, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the power generator may be a solar cell. The power generator may be disposed in or on a seat. For example, referring to  FIG. 2A , the power generator may be disposed in a cushion  206 , along with passenger sensor  300 ; referring to  FIG. 2B , the power generator may be disposed on top of a head rest atop backrest  208 . Alternatively, the power generator may be coupled to seat support  214  or coupled to or disposed in backrest portion  208 . The power storage device may be a battery, supercapacitor, or other appropriate electrical power storage device. Like the power generator, the power storage device may be disposed in a cushion  206 , along with passenger sensor  300 , may be coupled to seat support  214 , or may be coupled to or disposed in backrest portion  208 , for example. 
     In other embodiments, power source  618  of the passenger cabin module  606  may be or may draw power from the vehicle electrical system. For example, referring to  FIGS. 2B and 6 , passenger cabin module power source  618  may be, or may be electrically coupled to, power supply  222 . As a result, passenger cabin module power supply  618  may be connected to the vehicle power system separately from a power source that is accessible to a passenger. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 6 , computing device  616  may be configured to receive the output of one or more sensors (e.g., one or more passenger sensors  300 , one or more restraint sensors  610 , and/or one or more restraint extension sensors  400 ) and to interpret and/or package that output for communication to reporting module  602 . Computing device  616  may be or may include a microcontroller, or otherwise may be or may include a computer-readable memory and a processor executing instructions stored in that memory to perform one or more of the functions of a computing device described herein. In some embodiments, computing device  616  may periodically read or otherwise receive the respective outputs (e.g., in analog or digital form) of one or more passenger sensors  300 , one or more restraint sensors  610 , one or more restraint extension sensors  400 , and/or one or more other sensors and cause data to be transmitted to reporting module  602  that is indicative of those respective outputs, such that reporting unit  602  may use that data as a basis to provide an output to the operator of a vehicle indicative of whether one or more passengers are seated and/or whether their safety restraints are properly and safely secured. Computing device  616  may receive data from one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400  over one or more wired connections, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, computing device  616  may receive data from the one or more sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400  over one or more wireless connections. 
     Computing device  616  may exercise some control over one or more of the sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 , in some embodiments. For example, computing device  616  may be configured to disable (e.g., cut power to), reset, program (e.g., set the sensitivity of or otherwise calibrate), or otherwise provide input to one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 . For example, computing device  616  may be configured to increase the sensitivity of passenger sensor  300  and/or restraint extension sensor  400  for a seat in which a small child will sit for a particular trip. Additionally or alternatively, computing device  616  may be configured to interpret the output of one or more sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400  differently in different situations (e.g., a small child occupying, or being expected to occupy, a seat), rather than programming sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400 , or to ignore the output of sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400  rather than disabling it. Computing device  616  may be configured to exercise such control over one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 , and/or over interpretation of the outputs of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 , according to commands from reporting module  602 , in some embodiments. 
     Transmitter/receiver  614  may be configured to transmit data from passenger cabin module  606  (e.g., to reporting module  602 ) and to receive data (e.g., from reporting module  602 ) for use by passenger cabin module  606  and/or one or more seat sensor modules  604 . In some embodiments, transmitter/receiver  614  may be configured for wireless communications with reporting module  602 , as indicated by the dashed lines in  FIG. 6 . Wireless communications between passenger cabin module  606  and reporting module  602  may enable simplified aftermarket installation of the system  600  in a vehicle by eliminating the need to extend new wired connections from the passenger cabin to the operator cabin, which may serve as a tripping hazard to passengers if not secured and placed properly. In an embodiment, transmitter/receiver  614  may communicate over RF, Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMAX, or any other appropriate wireless communication protocol or frequency band. Transmitter/receiver  614  may be or may include an RFID tag or may otherwise transmit communications associated with a unique identifier. 
     Transmitter/receiver  614  may be configured to encrypt transmissions and to decrypt received data, in some embodiments. For example, transmitter/receiver  614  may be configured for communications with AES encryption. In embodiment, each transmitter/receiver  614  on a given vehicle may use a common encryption key that is unique from other vehicles, for example, to avoid cross-talk between seating systems stored in separate vehicles that travel near to each other, and also to maintain the security of communications between each transmitter/receiver  614  and the reporting module  602 . In addition to, or instead of, separate encryption keys, each transmitter/receiver  614  in a given vehicle may be associated with a common channel, and each transmitter/receiver  614  may have a unique device identifier included in its transmissions, to prevent cross-talk with other vehicles. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 6 , each passenger cabin module  606  and/or seat sensor module  604  may be encoded with, or may store, its location in a vehicle after module  604 ,  606  is installed in the vehicle. Such a location may include, for example, a row (e.g., row 1, row 2, row 3, etc.) and a position, which position may include, for example, a side of the vehicle (e.g., left or right) and a specifier within that side (e.g., window, aisle, middle). For example, module  604 ,  606  may include or may be associated with installation software in which a user manually selects the location of the seat, in an embodiment. Additionally or alternatively, a passenger cabin module  606  and/or seat sensor module  604  may include external switches through which a user may select a location in which the module  604 ,  606  is installed. 
     Reporting module  602  may be generally configured to receive data indicative of the outputs of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  614  and to output, for an operator of the vehicle, indications of whether passengers are seated and whether their safety restraints are properly secured. Reporting module  602  may include transmitter/receiver  620 , computing device  622 , memory  624 , and display  626 . 
     Transmitter/receiver  620  may be configured to receive data from one or more passenger cabin modules  606  that is indicative of the output of one or more passenger sensors  300 , one or more restraint sensors  610 , and one or more restraint extension sensors  400 , and indicative of the respective seats associated with each of those outputs. Accordingly, the received data may be indicative of a status of one or more seats. In some embodiments, transmitter/receiver  620  may be configured for wireless communications with passenger cabin module(s)  606 , as indicated by the dashed lines in  FIG. 6 . In an embodiment, transmitter/receiver  620  may communicate over RF, Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMAX, or any other appropriate wireless communication protocol or frequency band. Transmitter/receiver  620  may be or may include an RFID reader, in an embodiment. 
     Display  626  may be or may include a computer monitor or similar general purpose display, in some embodiments, such as an LED or LCD monitor. Additionally or alternatively, display  626  may be or may include a specific-purpose display. For example, display  626  may be or may include a light board including a plurality of light portions, each portion dedicated to a particular seat of the vehicle, and each portion capable of providing a plurality of outputs indicative of respective states of the seat. Such states may include, for example, a “passenger not present” (e.g., “open seat”) state, a “passenger present and not buckled” state, a “passenger present and buckled, but not properly” (e.g., “buckle issue”) state, a “passenger not present but belt buckled” state, and a “passenger present and safely buckled” state, in some embodiments. The state of a seat may also include an “error” state, in an embodiment. Each state may be represented by a particular light color or output pattern, such as a brightness or flashing pattern, or other characteristic, or a combination of characteristics. In an embodiment, display  626  may include a layout of lights or light segments that corresponds to a shape of the seat arrangement of the vehicle. 
     In an embodiment, display  626  may be or may include a system of lights or other outputs distributed throughout the vehicle so as to indicate to the operator whether each seat has a passenger present and/or whether that passenger has his or her restraint secured properly and safely. For example, display  626  may comprise a system of lights in the passenger cabin, with one or more lights placed above or on each seat, with the output of that light indicative of the status of that seat. 
     In some embodiments, reporting module  602  may include output devices in addition to or instead of display  626 . For example, reporting module  602  may include one or more speakers for audible output of a status of one or more seats, one or more vibration elements for tactile output of a status of one or more seats, and the like. 
     Computing device  622  may be configured to receive data indicative of the output of one or more (e.g., a plurality of) passenger sensors  300 , restraint sensors  610 , and extension sensors  400  and to operate display  626  or another output device to output to an operator of the vehicle the status (e.g. passenger status and/or restraint status) of one or more seats of the vehicle. Computing device  622  may be or may include a programmable controller, a microcontroller, or otherwise may include a computer-readable memory and a processor executing instructions stored in that memory to perform one or more of the functions of the computing device described herein. For example, computing device  622  may be configured to perform method  800  of  FIG. 8 , or portions thereof, which will be described below. 
     Computing device  622  may be further configured to store the respective states of one or more of the seats in a vehicle in computer-readable memory  624 . Memory  624  may be or may include, for example, a non-volatile memory, such as a FLASH memory, EPROM, EEPROM, hard drive, SD memory, or other appropriate memory. Computing device  622  may be configured to store such states at one or more times, in an embodiment. For example, computing device  622  may be configured to store the respective statuses of one or more seats each time a respective status is provided, or each time a respective status changes. Additionally, or alternatively, computing device  622  may be configured to store the one or more statuses in memory  624  in response to a collision involving the vehicle, in an embodiment. 
     Computing device  622  may exercise some control over one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 , in some embodiments. For example, computing device  622  may be configured to disable (e.g., cut power to), reset, program (e.g., set the sensitivity of or otherwise calibrate), or otherwise provide input to one or more of the sensors, in the form of communications sent via transmitter/receiver  620 . For example, computing device  622  may be configured to increase the sensitivity of passenger sensor  300  and/or restraint extension sensor  400  for a seat in which a small child will sit for a particular trip. Additionally or alternatively, computing device  622  may be configured to interpret the output of one or more sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400  differently in different scenarios, rather than programming the sensor, or to ignore the output of a sensor rather than disabling it. 
     Transmitter/receiver  620 , shown in  FIG. 6 , may be configured to encrypt transmissions and to decrypt received data, in some embodiments. For example, transmitter/receiver  620  may be configured for communications with AES encryption. In embodiment, the transmitter/receiver  620  on a given vehicle may use an encryption key that is unique from other vehicles, for example, to avoid cross-talk between seating systems stored in separate vehicles that travel near to each other, and also to maintain the security of communications between the transmitter/receiver  620  and each passenger cabin module  606 . The transmitter/receiver  620 , and/or the computing device  622 , may be configured to relate received data to a particular seat sensor module  604  and/or a particular passenger cabin module  606 , based on a unique identifier attached to or included in the received data. One or more computing devices (e.g., computing device  616  or computing device  622 ) may be configured to perform fault diagnostics (e.g., to detect and diagnose faults in one or more components of system  600 ). In addition, reporting module  602  or other components of system  600  may be configured to output (e.g., on display  626 ) an indication of one or more faults, the causes of such faults, and/or one or more remedial actions for such faults. 
     It should be noted that the term “module”, as used in this disclosure, may refer to either a physical collection of components, a logical collection of components, or both. For example, in an embodiment, the various components of one module (e.g., an embodiment of passenger cabin module  606 ) may be included in a single housing or packaging, whereas the various components of another module (e.g., an embodiment of seat sensor module  604 ) may be physically separate from each other. Furthermore, the components illustrated and described herein as part of one module may, in some embodiments, be a part of another module. For example, computing device  616  and/or transmitter/receiver  614  may be provided as part of a seat sensor module  604 , in an embodiment. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic view of an example embodiment of a combined passenger cabin module  606  and two seat sensor modules  604 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , power source  618  may provide power to transmitter/receiver  614  and computing device  616 , as well as to passenger sensors  300 , restraint sensors  610 , and restraint extension sensors  400 . 
     In an embodiment, one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400  (e.g., each sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400 ) may include a single respective data output line that is electrically coupled with computing device  616  (e.g., for unidirectional or bidirectional communication) and that is electrically coupled with ground via a pull-down resistor  700  (for clarity of illustration, not all pull-down resistors are designated in  FIG. 7 ). Accordingly, computing device  616  may read the output of each sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400 . In an embodiment, computing device  616  may be configured to interpret the output of one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 , as will be described with respect to  FIG. 8 . In some embodiments, computing device  616  may also provide instructions to one or more of the sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 . 
     Computing device  616  may be electrically coupled with transmitter/receiver  614  for unidirectional or bidirectional communication. For example, computing device  616  may provide data to transmitter/receiver  614 , indicative of the output of one or more of sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 , for transmission (e.g., to a reporting module). Transmitter/receiver  614  may transmit messages to computing device  616  (e.g., messages received from a reporting module), such as instructions for resetting or calibrating (e.g., altering the sensitivity of) sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400 , for example. Transmitter/receiver  614  may operate under the instruction of computing device  616 , in embodiments. In an embodiment, computing device  616  maybe configured to execute an initialization procedure (e.g., in conjunction with a reporting module) in which the computing device  616  reports the type and number of sensors to which it is coupled and receives and/or loads a library for initializing the settings and functionality of the sensors  300 ,  610 ,  400 . The initialization procedure may also be used by a reporting module to establish the type, number, and layout of sensors in a vehicle. Accordingly, the reporting module may not require pre-programming before installation into a vehicle. 
     In an embodiment, reporting module  602  may perform an initialization procedure upon being booted up to determine the quantity, layout, and status of the seats in the vehicle. An example initialization procedure will be described with respect to  FIG. 12 . Briefly, upon being booted up (e.g., when the vehicle is started), the reporting module  602  may query each seat sensor module  604  (via communications with passenger cabin modules  606 ) and wait for a response. The response from each seat sensor module  604  may include a status of the seat sensor module  604 . If no response is received from a given seat sensor module  604 , the reporting module  602  may output an error state for the seat associated with that seat sensor module. 
     Further, in an embodiment, the computing device  616  may be configured to perform one or more diagnostic functions, such as confirming that each sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400  and transmitter/receiver  614  is functioning properly, and determining and/or correcting the cause of an error state on the part of a sensor  300 ,  610 ,  400  or transmitter/receiver  614 . 
       FIG. 8  is a flow chart illustrating example method  800  for providing data indicative of a passenger and seatbelt status of a seat in a vehicle. For example, method  800 , or portions thereof, may be performed by passenger cabin module  606  of  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
     Method  800  may include step  802  that includes receiving data indicative of a respective output of one or more passenger sensors associated with one or more respective seats (e.g., with each seat in a vehicle). For example, the output of a passenger sensor may be received directly, such as by a computing device of a passenger cabin module, as discussed in conjunction with  FIG. 7 . Alternatively, the output of a passenger sensor, or data indicative of that output, may be received from an intermediate electronic device, rather than from the passenger sensor itself. 
     Method  800  may further include step  804  that includes interpreting the data received in step  802  to determine if a passenger is present in one or more of the seats (e.g., in each seat). For example, a computing device performing step  804  may be programmed (e.g., via lookup table or equivalent) to interpret a first binary output as indicative of the presence of a passenger, and the other binary output as indicative of a lack of a passenger in the seat. In another example, a computing device performing step  804  may be programmed to interpret ranges of values of the output of the passenger sensor (e.g., pressure values) to determine whether a passenger is present in the seat. 
     Method  800  may further include step  806  that includes receiving data indicative of a respective output of one or more restraint sensors respectively associated with the seats (e.g., with each seat). For example, the output of a given restraint sensor may be received directly. Alternatively, the output of a restraint sensor, or data indicative of that output, may be received from an intermediate electronic device, rather than from the restraint sensor itself. 
     Method  800  may further include step  808  that includes interpreting the data received in step  806  to determine if one or more of the safety restraints (e.g., each safety restraint) are buckled. For example, a computing device performing step  808  may be programmed (e.g., via lookup table or equivalent) to interpret a first binary output as indicative of a buckle of the safety restraint being buckled, and the other binary output as indicative of the safety restraint not being buckled. In another example, a computing device performing step  808  may be programmed to interpret ranges of values of the output of a restraint sensor (e.g., conductivity values) to determine whether the restraint is buckled. 
     Method  800  may further include step  810  that includes receiving data indicative of respective outputs of one or more safety restraint extension sensors (e.g., each restraint extension sensor) associated with the seats. For example, the output of a restraint extension sensor may be received directly. Alternatively, the output of an extension sensor, or data indicative of that output, may be received from an intermediate electronic device, rather than from the extension sensor itself. 
     Method  800  may further include step  812  that includes interpreting the data received in step  810  to determine if one or more of the safety restraints (e.g., each safety restraint) are extended to a proper amount so that the passenger may be properly secured by the safety restraint. For example, a computing device performing step  812  may be programmed (e.g., via lookup table or equivalent) to interpret a first binary output as indicative of the restraint being sufficiently extended (e.g., extended enough so as to go over a passenger and/or not extended so far to be unlikely to be secured on a passenger) so as to indicate a passenger being safely secured, and the other binary output as indicative of the restraint not being extended sufficiently to indicate a passenger being secured. In another example, a computing device performing step  812  may be programmed to interpret ranges of values of the output of the restraint extension sensor (e.g., extension quantity values, such as in centimeters or inches) to determine whether the restraint is extended sufficiently that a passenger may be secured in the seat. 
     Method  800  may further include step  814  that includes transmitting data indicative of whether one or more seats have a seated passenger, whether one or more passenger restraints are buckled, and/or whether one or more passenger restraints are sufficiently extended for a passenger to be secured by the restraint. In some embodiments, such data may be sent together in a single transmission or single set of transmissions. In other embodiments, data respective of a seated passenger, a safety restraint buckle status, or a safety restraint extension status may be sent separately. In some embodiments, the data transmitted may include the outputs of one or more passenger sensors, one or more restraint sensors, and/or one or more restraint extension sensors as that output is received in steps  802 ,  806 ,  810 . Additionally or alternatively, the data transmitted may be or may include different data based on such outputs. 
     In some embodiments, method  800 , or portions thereof, may be repeated periodically to update the current status (e.g., a passenger status, a restraint buckled status, and/or a restraint extension status) of each of one or more seats for a reporting module or other electronic device. In some embodiments, a status of one or more seats may be transmitted only when that status changes (e.g., a status may be transmitted when the most recent status is no longer true). In other embodiments, a status of one or more seats may be transmitted on a regular schedule, regardless of changes. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic and schematic view of an example embodiment of reporting module  602 . As previously described, reporting module  602  may include transmitter/receiver  620 , computing device  622 , memory  624 , and display  626 . As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , reporting module  602  may further include printed circuit board  900  (to which one or more of computing device  622 , memory  624 , and display  626  may be electrically coupled) and voltage regulator  902 . 
     Transmitter/receiver  620  may receive data wirelessly (e.g., from one or more passenger cabin modules, as described with respect to  FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 ), and computing device  622  may receive and use that data to operate memory  624  and display  626 . Voltage regulator  902  may receive power from the vehicle electrical system  704 , in an embodiment, and provide an appropriate stable voltage for computing device  622 , transmitter/receiver  620 , memory  624 , and/or display  626 . 
     Computing device  622  may be electrically coupled with transmitter/receiver  620  for unidirectional or bidirectional communication. For example, computing device  622  may receive data from transmitter/receiver  620 , indicative of a passenger status, restraint buckled status, and/or restraint extension status of one or more seats, together with time and GPS or other location data. Transmitter/receiver  620  may transmit messages (e.g., to one or more passenger cabin modules), under control of computing device  622 , such as instructions for resetting or calibrating a sensor, for example. 
     In some embodiments, reporting module  602  may include a geolocation module  628  that includes hardware and software for determining and outputting a location of the vehicle. The geolocation module  628  may be or may include, for example, a global positioning system (GPS) chip or module. Additionally, or alternatively, a geolocation module  628  may be included in one or more passenger cabin modules  606  and/or seat sensor modules  604 . 
     The reporting module  602  may further include an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)  904 . The uninterruptible power supply may include a power storage device, such as one or more batteries or capacitors (e.g., supercapacitors), for example. In an embodiment, the voltage regulator may draw power from the vehicle power system when the vehicle is switched on (and thus the vehicle power system is active) and from the UPS when the vehicle is switched off. The UPS may store sufficient power to enable the reporting module  602  to complete a shutdown procedure, as will be discussed in conjunction with  FIG. 11 . Power from the vehicle power system  704  may pass through the UPS  904 , in an embodiment, to enable the UPS to detect a loss of power from the vehicle and provide substantially uninterrupted power to the voltage regulator  902 . In addition, the power storage of the uninterruptible power supply may charge from the vehicle power supply  704 , when power from the vehicle power supply  704  is available. 
       FIG. 10  is a flow chart of example method  1000  for reporting a passenger and safety restraint status of one or more seats in a vehicle. For example, method  1000 , or portions thereof, may be performed by a reporting module, such as reporting module  602 . 
     Method  1000  may include step  1002  that includes receiving data indicative of a respective passenger status of one or more seats in a vehicle (e.g., of each seat). Such data may be the output of one or more passenger sensors, or other data based on an interpretation of that output. Data respective of two or more seats may be received together, or data respective of each seat may be received separately. Data may be received wirelessly, in some embodiments. 
     Method  1000  may further include step  1004  that includes receiving data indicative of a respective restraint buckled status of the one or more seats. Such data may be the output of one or more restraint sensors, or other data based on an interpretation of that output. Data respective of two or more seats may be received together, or data respective of each seat may be received separately. Data may be received wirelessly, in some embodiments. 
     Method  1000  may further include step  1006  that includes receiving data indicative of a respective restraint extension status of the one or more seats. Such data may be the output of one or more restraint extension sensors, or other data based on an interpretation of that output. Data respective of two or more seats may be received together, or data respective of each seat may be received separately. Data may be received wirelessly, in some embodiments. 
     Method  1000  may further include step  1008  that includes determining a status for each of the one or more seats based on received data. The status of a seat may include or subsume one or more of a passenger status, a restraint buckled status, and/or a restraint extension status, in an embodiment. The status of a seat may be found in the data received in steps  1002 ,  1004 ,  1006  (e.g., the received data may, itself, be the status or portions of the status), in an embodiment. Additionally or alternatively, determining the status of a seat may include interpreting the data received in steps  1002 ,  1004 , and/or  1006 . 
     Method  1000  may further include step  1010  that includes displaying one or more status indicators for an operator of the vehicle based on the received data. The one or more status indicators may include a single respective status indicator for each seat, in an embodiment, that is indicative of one or more statuses of the seat. For example, a single respective status light may be provided for each seat, with a color, brightness, pattern, or other characteristic of that light being collectively indicative of a passenger status, a restraint buckled status, and a restraint extension status, or a sub-combination of such statuses, or a combination including other relevant statuses. In another embodiment, the one or more status indicators may include multiple separate status indicators for each seat. For example, for each seat, a first respective status identifier may be provided for a passenger status, a second respective status identifier may be provided for a restraint buckled status, and a third respective status identifier may be provided for a restraint extension status. Respective identifiers for one or more additional or alternative statuses or combinations of statuses may also be provided. 
     The one or more status indicators may be provided on a general-purpose display (e.g., a computer monitor), in an embodiment. Accordingly, displaying step  1010  may include operating a general-purpose display, or one or more portions thereof, to display one or more status indicators. 
     Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more status indicators may be provided on a specialized display. Accordingly, displaying step  1010  may include operating a specialized display, or one or more portions thereof, to display one or more status indicators. 
     Displaying step  1010  may include displaying the one or more status indicators adjacent to, on, or otherwise with respect to a diagram or labeled list of seats. For example, the one or more status indicators may be provided on a light board laid out similarly to the appearance of the diagram of  FIG. 1 , or portions thereof. Accordingly, displaying step  1010  may include operating such a light board. 
     Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more status indicators may be provided in the passenger cabin, adjacent to or on the seats themselves. For example, the one or more status indicators may be provided on the seats, above the seats, on the floor adjacent to the seats, and/or at another location that may be visible to the driver. Accordingly, displaying step  1010  may include operating one or more lights or other status indicators that are disposed in the passenger cabin. 
     In addition to or instead of outputting the status of one or more seats to a display, the status of one or more seats may be output in some other way. For example, an audible alert may be output if a passenger is seated, but does not have a properly-buckled or properly-extended safety restraint. In another example, a tactile feedback—such as a seat vibration—may be output to the operator of the vehicle and/or to a passenger if the passenger is seated, but does not have a properly-buckled or properly-extended safety restraint. 
     The method may further include step  1012  that includes storing the status of one or more of the seats. The status may include or subsume one or more of a passenger status, a restraint buckled status, or a restraint extension status. The status of a seat may be stored each time a status changes, in an embodiment, such that a current status of each seat is stored in the memory. In another embodiment, a status of a seat may be stored for seats in which passengers are seated. In another embodiment, the status of the seats may be stored in response to certain events, such as a collision involving a vehicle in which the method is being performed. Along with the status of the seats, time and GPS or other location data may be stored. Furthermore, the status of one or more seats (e.g., each seat) may be locked in response to certain events, such as a collision, such that the memory may serve as a “black box.” 
     In an embodiment, one or more of the interpreting steps  804 ,  808 ,  812  of the method  800  of  FIG. 8  may additionally or alternatively be included as steps in method  1000  of  FIG. 10 . Accordingly, a device or module performing the method  1000  of  FIG. 10  may be configured to interpret data received from one or more sensors (e.g., passenger sensors, restraint sensors, and/or restraint extension sensors) to determine a respective status of one or more seats (e.g., a passenger status, restraint status, and/or restraint extension status). 
     In some embodiments, method  1000 , or portions thereof, may be repeated periodically to output the current status (e.g., a passenger seated status, a restraint buckled status, and/or a restraint extension status) of each of one or more seats. In some embodiments, a status of one or more seats may be output only when that status changes, or only when that status indicates a problem (e.g., a passenger seated but not properly secured, or a passenger not seated in a seat for which a passenger is expected, etc.). In other embodiments, a status of one or more seats may be output continuously regardless of status or changes thereto. 
       FIG. 11  is a flow chart illustrating an example method  1100  for shutting down a reporting module. For example, method  1100 , or portions thereof, may be performed by a reporting module, such reporting module  602 , that includes or is electrically coupled with an uninterruptible power supply. Method  1100  may be performed by such a reporting module to avoid abrupt loss of power when a vehicle power system deactivates, which abrupt loss of power may lead to data corruption. Method  1100  of  FIG. 11  advantageously enables a reporting module, such as reporting module  602 , that receives power from a vehicle power system and maintains power after the vehicle is turned off for long enough to avoid interrupting data transfers that may corrupt a memory device, such as memory device  624 . 
     Method  1100  may include a step  1102  that includes operating on vehicle power. Step  1102  may include, for example, the reporting module operating substantially as illustrated and described throughout this disclosure while being powered by the electrical system of the vehicle in which the reporting module is installed. 
     Method  1100  may further include a step  1104  that includes detecting a loss of vehicle power. The loss of vehicle power may be detected by circuitry of an uninterruptible power supply, in an embodiment. Additionally or alternatively, detecting a loss of vehicle power may include a computing device of the reporting unit receiving an indication that vehicle power has been lost from the uninterruptible power supply, for example. Such an indication may inform the reporting unit that it should initiate a shutdown procedure. 
     Method  1100  may further include a step  1106  that includes transitioning to power from an uninterruptible power supply in response to detecting the loss of vehicle power. The transition from vehicle power to UPS power may be transparent to the electronic components of the reporting unit, in an embodiment, and may be performed by circuitry of the UPS so as to provide substantially uninterrupted power to the electronics of the reporting module. 
     Method  1100  may further include a step  1108  that includes completing pending data transfers. Data transfers may be pending in that data may have been received, but not yet stored in memory. Additionally or alternatively, data transfers may be pending in the sense that one or more write operations may have begun to write data to memory, but the write operations have not been completed. Completing pending data transfers may include, for example, transferring the status of one or more seats or sensors into storage, such as the memory  624  of the reporting module  602  of  FIG. 6 , for example. 
     Method  1100  may further include a step  1110  that includes shutting down after completing pending data transfers. Once data transfers are complete, reporting module  602  may execute a power-down procedure, for example. 
       FIG. 12  is a flow chart illustrating an example method of initializing a reporting module for a passenger and safety restraint sensing and reporting system. Method  1200  may be performed by a reporting module, such as reporting module  602  of  FIG. 6 . Method  1200  includes a series of steps by which a seating layout, and the respective statuses of those seats, may be dynamically created upon startup of a vehicle. 
     Method  1200  may include step  1202  that includes transmitting a status inquiry. The status inquiry may be a general inquiry, in an embodiment, not a specific inquiry to a specific unit or module. In some embodiments, the status inquiry step  1202  may include transmitting both one or more specific status inquiries to one or more specific units or modules and a general status inquiry. 
     Method  1200  may further include step  1204  that includes receiving status information respective of one or more seats. The status information may have been transmitted in response to the status inquiry at step  1202 , in some embodiments. The status information may include, as described herein, information respective of the status of a seat belt sensor, a passenger sensor, a restraint sensor, and/or an extension sensor respective of each of the one or more seats. The received status information may include, for each seat, data indicative of the location of the seat in the vehicle (e.g., row 3 left aisle, row 3 left window, row 5 right middle, and so on). Thus, the respective locations of a plurality of seats in the vehicle may be determined based on the received status information. 
     Method  1200  may further include step  1206  that includes adding the one or more seats for which data was received at step  1206 , and their respective statuses, to display data. The seats may be added to the display data according to the received data indicative of the seat locations, and the received sensor status data. The display data may thus include a partial or complete layout of the seats in the vehicle. 
     Method  1200  may further include step  1208  that includes determining if any seats are missing from the status information received in step  1204 . Seats may be determined to be missing inferentially, in certain embodiments. For example, if data is received respective of a row 3 left window seat and a row 3 left middle seat, but no row 3 left aisle seat, it may be inferred that a row 3 left aisle seat should be present. Additionally or alternatively, seats may be determined to be missing based on previous initialization procedures. For example, a seating configuration may be stored between boot cycles of the system (which seating configuration may comprise the display data or may otherwise be created according to method  1200 , for example), and seats included in the stored seating configuration, but not included in the data received at step  1204 , may be determined to be missing. 
     Method  1200  may further include step  1210  that includes adding an error state to the display data for any missing seats. The error state may include adding, to the display data, a respective seat where each respective missing seat is expected, along with an indication that such seat is in an error state. 
     Method  1200  may further include step  1212  that includes outputting the display data to a display. The display may thus be operated to show a user—e.g., an operator of the vehicle-a mapped layout of the seats in the vehicle and the status of each of those seats.  FIG. 1  illustrates an example of such a mapped layout. After performing method  1200  upon startup of the vehicle, method  800 , or portions thereof, may be performed periodically to obtain an updated status of one or more of the seats of the vehicle. Accordingly, after generating the graphical layout of the plurality of seats of the vehicle according to method  1200 , a request for an updated passenger status and an updated restraint status for each of the seats may be transmitted, and responses to the request may be received. Received responses may include updated passenger statuses and respective updated restraint statuses for some, but not all, of the plurality of seats. If it is determined that a response to the request for an updated status has not been received with respect to one or more seats, the display data may be updated with an error state for the one or more seats for which no response was received, and the display may be operated to output the graphical layout of the plurality of seats, the graphical layout comprising an error condition for the one or more seats for which a response to the request was not received. 
     While this disclosure has described certain embodiments, it will be understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to these embodiments except as explicitly recited in the claims. On the contrary, the instant disclosure is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Furthermore, in the detailed description of the present disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, it will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that systems and methods consistent with this disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Some portions of the detailed descriptions of this disclosure have been presented in terms of procedures, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer or digital system memory. These descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. A procedure, logic block, process, etc., is herein, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructions leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these physical manipulations take the form of electrical or magnetic data capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in a computer system or similar electronic computing device. For reasons of convenience, and with reference to common usage, such data is referred to as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like, with reference to various embodiments of the present invention. It should be borne in mind, however, that these terms are to be interpreted as referencing physical manipulations and quantities and are merely convenient labels that should be interpreted further in view of terms commonly used in the art. 
     Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the discussion herein, it is understood that throughout discussions of the present embodiment, discussions utilizing terms such as “determining” or “outputting” or “transmitting” or “recording” or “locating” or “storing” or “displaying” or “receiving” or “recognizing” or “utilizing” or “generating” or “providing” or “accessing” or “checking” or “notifying” or “delivering” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data. The data is represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories and is transformed into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices as described herein or otherwise understood to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Several methods, processes, and algorithms are set forth herein as comprising one or more “steps.” Such steps are not required to be performed in any particular order except as mandated by logic or as specifically set forth in the claims.