Patent Publication Number: US-2023150944-A1

Title: Pesticidally active heterocyclic derivatives with sulfoximine containing substituents

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a 371 National Stage application of International Application No. PCT/EP2019/064795 filed Jun. 6, 2019 which claims priority to IN 201811021198, filed Jun. 6, 2018, and EP 18191693.3, filed Aug. 30, 2018, the entire contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to pesticidally active, in particular insecticidally active heterocyclic derivatives containing sulfoximine substituents, to processes for their preparation, to compositions comprising those compounds, and to their use for controlling animal pests, including arthropods and in particular insects or representatives of the order Acarina. 
     Pesticidally active hetero-bicyclic substituted cyclopropyl derivatives with sulfur-containing substitutents are known and described in the literature, for example, in WO 2018/077565, WO 2018/070502, WO 2017/146226, WO 2017/089190, WO 2017/084879, WO 2016/121997, WO 2016/104746, WO 2016/096584, WO 2016/046071, WO 2016/071214, WO 2016/039441, WO 2016/026848, WO 2016/023954, WO 2014/142292, and WO 2016/020286. Pesticidally active heterocyclic sulfoximine derivatives have previously been described in the literature, for example, in WO 2015/071180. 
     It has now surprisingly been found that certain novel bicyclic sulfoximine-containing substituted cyclopropyl derivatives have favorable properties as pesticides. 
     The present invention therefore provides compounds of formula I, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein 
     A is CH or N 
     R 1  is C 1 -C 4  alkyl 
     R 2  is hydrogen, cyano, —C(O)R 7 , —C(O)OR 8 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl or —CONR 9 R 10 , SO 2 R 11    
     wherein 
     R 7  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl and R 3  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl; 
     R 9 , R 10  independently of one another are hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; 
     R 11  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, cyano, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 NH 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 4 dialkylaminocarbonyl 
     n is 0 or 1; 
     Q is a radical selected from the group consisting of formulae Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is halogen, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy; 
     X 1  is O or NR 5 ; 
     R 5  is C 1 -C 4 alkyl; 
     R 6  is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; 
     G 1  and G 2  are, independently from each other, N or CH; 
     or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide of a compound of formula I. 
     Compounds of formula I which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrose acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C 1 -C 4 alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as C 1 -C 4 alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example methane- or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Compounds of formula I which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine. 
     The term “C 1 -C n alkyl” as used herein refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms, for example, any one of the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and their branched isomers. For example, there also may be mentioned any one of the radicals 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl. As noted below, haloalkyl, haloalkylsulfanyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxy and haloalkoxy radicals are derived from the alkyl radicals. 
     Halogen is generally fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. This also applies, correspondingly, to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl. 
     The term “C 1 -C n haloalkyl” as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated C 1 -C n alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, i.e., for example, for example, any one of chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2,3-difluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl, nonafluorobutyl 1,1-difluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethyl, and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoroethyl; preferably trichloromethyl, difluorochloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and dichlorofluoromethyl. 
     The term “C 1 -C n alkoxy” as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated C 1 -C n alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom, i.e., for example, any one of the radicals methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy and 1,1-dimethylethoxy and also the isomeric pentyloxy and hexyloxy radicals; preferably methoxy and ethoxy. 
     The term “C 1 -C n haloalkoxy” as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated C 1 -C n haloalkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom similar to C 1 -C n alkoxy. 
     The term “C 1 -C n alkylsulfanyl” as used herein refers to a straight chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via a sulfur atom, i.e., for example, any one of methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, 1-methylethylthio, butylthio, 1-methylpropylthio, 2-methylpropylthio or 1,1-dimethylethylthio. 
     The term “C 1 -C n haloalkylsulfanyl” as used herein refers to a C 1 -C n alkylsulfanyl radical as mentioned above which is partially or fully substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, i.e., for example, any one of fluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, chlorodifluoromethylthio, bromodifluoromethylthio, 2-fluoroethylthio, 2-chloroethylthio, 2-bromoethylthio, 2-iodoethylthio, 2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trichloroethylthio, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethylthio, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylthio, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, 2-fluoropropylthio, 3-fluoropropylthio, 2-chloropropylthio, 3-chloropropylthio, 2-bromopropylthio, 3-bromopropylthio, 2,2-difluoropropylthio, 2,3-difluoropropylthio, 2,3-dichloropropylthio, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylthio, 3,3,3-trichloropropylthio, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylthio, heptafluoropropylthio, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethylthio, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethylthio, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethylthio, 4-fluorobutylthio, 4-chlorobutylthio, or 4-bromobutylthio. 
     Similar considerations apply to the terms “C 1 -C n haloalkylsulfinyl” and “C 1 -C n haloalkylsulfonyl” which refer to the C 1 -C n haloalkylsulfanyl (as mentioned above), but with the sulfur in a different oxidation state, for example, sulfoxide —S(O)C 1 -C n haloalkyl or sulfone —S(O) 2 C 1 -C n haloalkyl, respectively. 
     Accordingly, for example, groups such as trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl. 
     The term “C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl” as used herein refers to 3-6 membered cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopropane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane. 
     The term “C 1 -C n alkoxycarbonyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated C 1 -C n alkoxy radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via a carbonyl group. 
     The term “C 1 -C n alkylaminocarbonyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated C 1 -C n alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via the nitrogen atom of an aminocarbonyl group. 
     The term “C 1 -C n  dialkylaminocarbonyl” refers to two straight-chain or branched saturated C 1 -C n alkyl radicals having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), the same or different, which are attached via the nitrogen atom of an aminocarbonyl group 
     Terminal single bonds (Free radicals) represent methyl groups within the context of a given molecular structure or represent a point of attachment in the context of a variable group definition. 
     The compounds of formula I according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation. 
     Embodiments according to the invention are provided as set out below. 
     Embodiment 1 provides compounds of formula I, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, as defined above. 
     Embodiment 2 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl, propyl or isopropyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkylcarbonyl; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, cyano, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 NH 2 , C 1 -C 4 dialkylaminocarbonyl; and n is 1. 
     Embodiment 3 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, cyano, —CO 2 NH 2 , C 1 -C 2 dialkylaminocarbonyl; and n is 1. 
     Embodiment 4 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, cyano or CO 2 NH 2 ; and n is 1. 
     Embodiment 5 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen; 
     R 3  is hydrogen or cyano; and n is 1. 
     Embodiment 6 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 4  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl or C 1 -C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl; 
     X 1  is oxygen or NCH 3 ; 
     R 6  is C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkoxy or cyclopropyl; and 
     G 1  and G 2  are, independently from each other, N or CH. 
     Embodiment 7 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     is a radical selected from Q 1 , Q 2  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is C 1 -C 2 fluoroalkyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, difluoromethylsulfanyl, difluoromethylsulfinyl, or difluoromethylsulfonyl; 
     X 1  is NCH 3 ; 
     R 6  is methyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl; and 
     G 1  and G 2  are, independently from each other, N or CH. 
     Embodiment 8 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 1  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, trifluoromethylsulfinyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; 
     X 1  is NCH 3 ; 
     R 6  is ethyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl; and 
     G 1  is N and G 2  is CH, or G 1  is CH and G 2  is N, or G 1  and G 2  are N, or G 1  and G 2  are CH. 
     Embodiment 9 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     Q is radical Q 1   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl; 
     X 1  is NCH 3 ; and 
     G 1  is N and G 2  is CH, G 1  is CH and G 2  is N, or G 1  and G 2  are N. 
     Embodiment 10 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl, propyl or isopropyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen, cyano, C 1 -C 3  alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkylcarbonyl; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, cyano, CO 2 H, CO 2 NH 2 , C 1 -C 4 dialkylaminocarbonyl; 
     n is 1; 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 4  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl or C 1 -C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl; 
     X 1  is oxygen or NCH 3 ; 
     R 6  is C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 2 alkoxy or cyclopropyl; and 
     G 1  and G 2  are, independently from each other, N or CH. 
     Embodiment 11 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, cyano, CO 2 NH 2 , C 1 -C 2 dialkylaminocarbonyl; 
     n is 1; 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 1 , Q 2  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is C 1 -C 2 fluoroalkyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, difluoromethylsulfanyl, difluoromethylsulfinyl, or difluoromethylsulfonyl; 
     X 1  is NCH 3 ; 
     R 6  is methyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl; and 
     G 1  and G 2  are, independently from each other, N or CH. 
     Embodiment 12 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen; 
     R 3  is hydrogen, cyano or CO 2 NH 2 ; 
     n is 1; 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 1  and Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, trifluoromethylsulfinyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; 
     X 1  is NCH 3 ; 
     R 6  is ethyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl; and 
     G 1  is N and G 2  is CH, or G 1  is CH and G 2  is N, or G 1  and G 2  are N, or G 1  and G 2  are CH. 
     Embodiment 13 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 1 wherein: 
     A is CH or N; 
     R 1  is ethyl; 
     R 2  is hydrogen; 
     R 3  is hydrogen or cyano; 
     n is 1; 
     Q is radical Q 1   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and wherein 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl; 
     X 1  is NCH 3 ; and 
     G 1  is N and G 2  is CH, G 1  is CH and G 2  is N, or G 1  and G 2  are N. 
     Embodiment 14 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein: 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 1-1 , Q 1-2 , Q 1-3 , Q 1-4  and Q 1-5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; and 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl. 
     Embodiment 15 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiment 14: 
     wherein Q is a radical selected from Q 1-2 , Q 1-3 , Q 1-4  and Q 1-5 . 
     Embodiment 16 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein: 
     Q is a radical selected from Q 5   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; and 
     R 6  is OCH 3 , CH 2 CH 3  or cyclopropyl. 
     Embodiment 17 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein: 
     Q is a radical Q 2   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; and 
     G 2  is N or CH. 
     Embodiment 18 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein: 
     Q is Q 3 ; and 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl. 
     Embodiment 19 provides compounds, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, according to embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein: 
     Q is Q 4   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein the arrow denotes the point of attachment to the ring incorporating the radical A; 
     R 4  is trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylsulfanyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl; and 
     G 1  is N and G 2  is CH, G 1  is CH and G 2  is N, G 1  and G 2  are CH, or G 1  and G 2  are N; preferably G 1  is CH and G 2  is N. 
     In another aspect the present invention provides a composition comprising an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, as defined in any of the foregoing embodiments 1-19, and, optionally, an auxiliary or diluent. 
     In a further aspect the present invention provides a method of combating and controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or an agrochemically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, as defined in any of the foregoing embodiments 1-19 or a composition as defined above. 
     In a yet further aspect the present invention provides a method for the protection of plant propagation material from the attack by insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs, which comprises treating the propagation material or the site, where the propagation material is planted, with a composition as defined above. 
     The process according to the invention for preparing compounds of formula (I) is carried out in principle by methods known to those skilled in the art. The subgroup of compounds of the formula I wherein n is 0, i.e. sulfilimine Ia, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above, may be prepared by reacting the corresponding sulfide of the formula II, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above, under imination reaction conditions (step A, Scheme 1). The particular subgroup of compounds of the formula I wherein n is 1, defined as the sulfoximine I, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above, may be obtained by oxidation of the sulfilimine compounds of the formula Ia, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above (step B). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Conversely, the order of the two steps may be reverted whereby the sulfoximine compounds of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above are as defined above, may be prepared from sulfoxides of the formula III, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above, under appropriate imination reaction conditions (step A′). 
     Typical preparation methods and reaction conditions to access the compounds of the formula I, either towards the sulfilimines Ia (step A) or the sulfoximines I (step A′), may be found, for example, in H. Okamura, C. Bolm,  Org. Lett.,  2004, 6, 1305-1307; H. Okamura, C. Bolm,  Chem. Lett.,  2004, 33, 482-487; D. Leca, K. Song, M. Amatore, L. Fensterbank, E. Lacôte, M. Malacria,  Chem. Eur. J.,  2004, 10, 906-916; or M. Reggelin, C. Zur,  Synthesis,  2000, 1-64. Typical imination reagents/conditions may be defined as NaN 3 /H 2 SO 4 , O-mesitylenesulfonyl-hydroxylamine (MSH), or metal-catalyzed methods [see O. G. Mancheno, C. Bolm,  Chem. Eur. J.,  2007, 13, 6674-6681] such as R 2 —N 3 /FeCl 2 , R 2 —NH 2 /Fe(acac) 3 /PhI═O, PhI═N—R 2 /Fe(OTf) 2 , PhI═N—R 2 /CuOTf, PhI═N—R 2 /Cu(OTf) 2 , PhI═N—R 2 /CuPF 6 , PhI(OAc) 2 /R 2 —NH 2 /MgO/Rh 2 (OAc) 4  or oxaziridines (e.g. 3-(4-cyano-phenyl)-oxaziridine-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester). 
     Of particular interest are metal-free imination methods of sulfides of the formula II and/or sulfoxides of the formula III to prepare sulfilimines of the formula Ia (step A) and/or sulfoximines of the formula I (step A′). Such imination reactions involve R 2 —NH 2  and an oxidant, for example, PhI(OAc) 2 /R 2 —NH 2  as described in G. Y. Cho, C. Bolm,  Tetrahedron Lett.,  2005, 46, 8007-8008; or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)/R 2 —NH 2  and a base such as sodium or potassium ter-butoxide as described in C. Bolm et al.,  Synthesis,  2010, No 17, 2922-2925. Oxidants such as N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) or iodine may be also used alternatively as described, for example, in O. G. Mancheno, C. Bolm,  Org. Lett.  2007, 9, 3809-3811. An example of hypochlorite salts being used as oxidant, such as sodium hypochlorite NaOCI or calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl) 2 , was described in WO2008/106006. 
     For the transformation of a sulfilimine Ia to a sulfoximine I (step B), classical oxidation reagents may involve, for example, KMnO 4 , NaMnO 4 , mCPBA, NaIO 4 /RuO 2 , NaIO 4 /RuCl 3 , H 2 O 2 , oxone. In particular, the use of ruthenium salts in combination with alkali metal periodates and alternatively the use of alkali metal permanganates was described in WO2008/097235 and WO2008/106006. 
     Detailed preparation conditions useful for the synthesis of such sulfilimine and/or sulfoximine compounds of formula Ia respectively I are also given, for example, in WO2006/061200 or WO 2007/080131. 
     Alternatively, the subgroup of sulfoximine compounds of the formula I wherein R 2  is hydrogen and n is 1, and in which R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined in formula I, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     can be prepared (scheme 1a) by reacting sulfide compounds of formula II, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined in formula I, with a suitable nitrogen source such as, for example, ammonia, ammonium carbamate or ammonium acetate (preferably ammonium carbamate), in the presence of hypervalent iodine reagents, such as diacetoxyiodobenzene, in solvents such as toluene, acetonitrile or methanol, at temperatures between 0 and 100° C., preferably around room temperature, in analogy to descriptions found, for example, in Chem. Commun. 53, 348-351; 2017 (and references cited therein). 
     A compound of the formula Ib, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is CN, may be transformed into a compound of the formula Ic, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is C(O)CF 3 , by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride in a solvent such as dichloromethane as described, for example, in O. G. Mancheno, C. Bolm,  Org. Lett.  2007, 9, 3809-3811. The compound of the formula Ic, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is C(O)CF 3 , may be transformed into a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with a base such as sodium or potassium carbonate in a polar protic solvent such as methanol or ethanol as described, for example, in H. Okamura, C. Bolm,  Org. Lett.  2004, 6, 1305-1307. A compound of the formula Id, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is C(O)NH 2 , may be prepared from a compound of the formula Ib, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is CN, by treatment with a strong acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile as described, for example, in WO09/111309. The chemistry is summarised in scheme 2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A compound of the formula Ie, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, may be prepared from a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with an alkylating agent of formula LG-R 2 , wherein LG is a leaving group such as a halogen (especially bromine or iodine), a sulfonate OSO 2 R 12  (especially mesylate or tosylate), wherein R 12  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 halo-alkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by nitro or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, or a sulfate (such as dimethylsulfate), preferably in the presence of a suitable base, such as alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, or alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, or alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, in an inert solvent at temperatures between −20 and 150° C., preferably between 0 and 80° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1,2-dimethoxyethane), tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. 
     A compound of the formula If, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is C(O)R 7  and R 7  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, may be prepared from a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with a reagent of formula LG 1 -C(O)R 7  or an anhydride reagent of formula R 7 C(O)—O—C(O)R 7 , wherein R 7  is as defined above and LG 1  is a leaving group such as a halogen (especially chlorine), optionally in presence of an acylating catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), preferably in presence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvent at temperatures between 0 and 50° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of an excess of base, which then may also act as a solvent or diluent. 
     A compound of the formula Ig, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is C(O)OR 8  and R 8  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl may be prepared from a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with a reagent of formula LG 2 -C(O)OR 8 , wherein R 8  is as defined above and LG 2  is a leaving group such as a halogen (especially chlorine), optionally in presence of an acylating catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), preferably in presence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvent at temperatures between 0 and 50° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of an excess of base, which then may also act as a solvent or diluent. 
     A compound of the formula Ih, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and which R 2  is CONR 9 R 10  and R 9 , R 10  independently of one another are hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, may be prepared from a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with a reagent of formula LG 3 -C(O)NR 9 R 10 , wherein R 9  and R 10  are as defined above and LG 3  is a leaving group such as a halogen (especially chlorine), optionally in presence of an acylating catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), preferably in presence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvent at temperatures between 0 and 50° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of an excess of base, which then may also act as a solvent or diluent. 
     A compound of the formula Ii, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A, and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is SO 2 R 11  and R 11  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, may be prepared from a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with a reagent of formula LG 4 -SO 2 R 11 , wherein R 11  is as defined above and LG 4  is a leaving group such as a halogen (especially chlorine), optionally in presence of an acylating catalyst, such as 4-dimethyl-aminopyridine (DMAP), preferably in presence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine, in an inert solvent at temperatures between 0 and 50° C. Examples of solvent to be used include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform, nitriles such as acetonitrile or polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of an excess of base, which then may also act as a solvent or diluent. A compound of the formula Ij, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1 and in which R 2  is C(O)R 7  and R 7  is hydrogen, may be prepared from a compound of the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 3 , A and Q are as defined above and wherein n is 1, and R 2  is hydrogen, by treatment with a trialkyl orthoformate, such as trimethyl orthoformate, optionally in the presence of an acid activator such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, optionally in the presence of an inert organic solvent, and at temperatures between 0 and 180° C. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of an excess of trialkyl orthoformate, which then may also act as a solvent or diluent. Such a process is illustrated, for example, in WO 2006/037945. The transformations described above are illustrated in scheme 3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Compounds of formula II wherein R 3  is hydrogen are in some cases known, for example: 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzoxazole, CAS [2128705-99-5], WO 2017146226; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzoxazole, CAS [2128706-06-7], WO 2017146226; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzoxazole, CAS [2128706-01-2], WO 2017146226; 5-cyclopropyl-2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one, CAS [2098699-63-7], WO 2017089190; 5-cyclopropyl-2-(4-cyclopropyl-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one, CAS [2098699-80-8], WO 2017089190; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-1,3-benzoxazole, CAS [1975147-97-7], WO 2016121997; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzoxazole, CAS [1975147-94-4], WO 2017146226; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzimidazole, CAS [1975147-91-1], WO 2016121997; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine, CAS [1975147-87-5], WO 2016121997; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, CAS [1975147-85-3], WO 2016121997; 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine, CAS [1957168-99-8], WO 2016104746; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, CAS [1951416-89-9], WO 2016096584; 2-(4-cyclopropyl-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine, CAS [1923785-41-4], WO 2016071214; 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine, CAS [1923784-36-4], WO 2016071214; 2-(4-cyclopropyl-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one, CAS [1879051-89-4], WO 2016023954; 2-(4-cyclopropyl-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-one, CAS [1879051-88-3], WO 2016023954. 
     Compounds of formula II wherein R 3  is H, i.e compounds of formula IIa 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     can be generally prepared by reaction of a compound of formula IV, wherein A, Q and R 1  are as defined in formula I above, with a compound of formula V as shown in scheme 4: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     More specifically, compounds of formula IIa can be prepared (as depicted in scheme 4) by reacting compounds of formula IIa with compounds of formula V, wherein X b1  can be a halogen, preferentially chlorine, bromine or iodine and Y b1  can be a boron-derived functional group, as for example B(OH) 2  or B(OR b1 ) 2  wherein R b1  can be a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group or the two groups OR b1  can form together with the boron atom a five- or six-membered ring, as for example a pinacol boronic ester (Suzuki cross-coupling, see for example  Tetrahedron Letters,  43(39), 6987-6990; 2002). In formula IIa, A, R 1  and Q are as described in formula I. The reaction can be catalyzed by a palladium based catalyst, for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) (XPhos palladacycle), (1,1′bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium-dichloromethane (1:1 complex) or palladium acetate plus phosphine ligands (such as, for example, triphenylphosphine or tricyclohexylphosphine) in presence of a base, like sodium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate or cesium fluoride, in a solvent (such as toluene, 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane DME, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane) or a solvent mixture, like, for example a mixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (or dioxane, toluene, or tetrahydrofuran) and water, preferably under inert atmosphere. The reaction temperature can preferably range from ambient temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture, or alternatively heating may be performed under microwave irradiation. 
     Alternatively, compounds of formula IV, wherein X b1  can be a halogen, preferentially chlorine, bromine or iodine, may be reacted with compounds of formula V, wherein Y b1  is a magnesium halide group, such as —MgBr (Kumada cross-coupling), optionally in the presence of additives, such as zind halides ( Journal of Organic Chemistry,  75(19), 6677-6680; 2010). The reaction may be catalyzed by a palladium based catalyst, or may involve a nickel based catalyst, such as 1,3-is(diphenylphosphino) propanenickel dichloride (dppp)NiCl 2 . 
     Also known are reactions between compounds of formula IV with compounds of formula V, wherein Y b1  is a zinc halide group, such as —ZnBr (Negishi cross-coupling), as illustrated for example in  Synthetic Communications,  28(2), 225-232; 1998. The reaction may be catalyzed by a palladium based catalyst, such as for example, (1,1′bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium Pd(dppf)Cl 2  or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, optionally in the presence of phosphine additives (such as, for example, 2-dicyclohexyl-phosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxy-biphenyl S-PHOS), in a solvent, like, for example 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane, toluene, or tetrahydrofuran, preferably under inert atmosphere. The reaction temperature can preferentially range from ambient temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture. 
     Compounds of formula II, wherein R 3  is cyano are in some cases known, for example: 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [2225113-68-6], WO 2018/077565; 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [CAS [2225113-73-3], WO 2018/077565; 1-[4-[5-cyclopropyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [2098699-74-0], WO 2017/089190; 1-[6-[5-cyclopropyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-5-ethylsulfanyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [2098699-59-1], WO 2017/089190; 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[5-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [1975148-53-8], WO 2016/121997; 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [1923785-47-0], WO 2016/071214; 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, CAS [1923784-42-2], WO 2016/071214. 
     Other compounds of formula II, wherein R 3  is cyano and R 1 , A, and Q are as defined in formula I, i.e compounds of formula IIb 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     can be prepared as shown in scheme 5: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     As shown in scheme 5, treatment of compounds of formula IV, wherein R 1 , Q 1  and A are as described in formula I, and wherein Xb 1  is preferably halogen (even more preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine), with trimethylsilyl-acetonitrile TMSCN, in the presence of zinc(II)fluoride, and a palladium(0)catalyst such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)-chloroform adduct (Pd 2 (dba) 3 ), a ligand, for example Xantphos, in an inert solvent, such as DMF at temperatures between 100-160° C., optionally under microwave heating, leads to compounds of formula VI. Such chemistry has been described in the literature, e.g. in  Org. Lett.,  16(24), 6314-6317; 2014. Compounds of formula IV can be treated with compounds of formula VII, wherein Xb 1  is as described above, in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, K 2 CO 3 , or Cs 2 CO 3 , in an inert solvent such as DMF, acetone, or acetonitrile, to give compounds of formula IIb. Alternatively, compounds of formula IIb can be prepared directly from compounds of formula IV by treatment with compounds of formula VIII with Pd 2 (dba) 3 , a ligand, such as BINAP a strong base such as LiHMDS, in an inert solvent such as THE at temperatures between 40-70° C. Such chemistry has been described in, for example,  J. Am. Chem. Soc.,  127(45), 15824-15832; 2005. 
     Another process to compounds of formula IIb involves reaction of compounds of formula IV, wherein A, R 1  and Q are as described under formula I, and in which Xb 1  is halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine, iodine, with 4-isoxazoleboronic acid or 4-isoxazoleboronic acid pinacol ester (compound of formula IX), in the presence of potassium fluoride KF, and a palladium catalyst such as bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , in an inert solvent, such as dimethylsulfoxide DMSO, optionally in mixture with water, at temperatures between 40-150° C., optionally under microwave heating, leads to compounds of formula IX, wherein Q, R 1  and A are as described under formula I above. Reaction of compounds of formula IX, with aqueous potassium fluoride KF (concentration between 0.5 and 3M, preferably 1M), in an inert solvent, such as dimethylsulfoxide DMSO or methanol, at temperatures between 20-150° C., optionally under microwave heating, leads to compounds of formula VI, wherein A, R 1  and Q are as described under formula I above. Conversion of compounds of formula V to compounds of formula IIb is as described above. Such chemistry has been described in the literature, e.g. in  J Am Chem Soc  2011, 133, 6948-6951. Compounds of the formula IIb may further be utilized for the preparation of compounds of formula II (scheme 6) where R 3  is further functionalized. Indeed, compounds of formula IIb, wherein A, R 1 , X 1  and R 2  are as defined in formula I above, may be partially hydrolyzed, under acidic or basic conditions known to persons skilled in the art to compounds of formula IIc, or fully hydrolysed to compounds of formula IId. Treatment of compounds of formula IIc with reagents such as SF 4  or Fluolead (4-tert-butyl-2, 6-dimethyl phenylsulfur trifluoride), optionally in the presence of HF, leads to compounds of formula IIe (as described in for example,  Organic Letters,  16, 6314-6317; 2014. 
     Activation of compounds of formula (IId), wherein R 1 , Q and A are as defined in formula I, by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in, for example,  Tetrahedron,  2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852, to form an activated species (IIf), wherein Q, R 1  and A are as defined in formula I, and wherein X 0  is halogen, preferably chlorine. For example, compounds (IIf) where X 0  is halogen, preferably chlorine, are formed by treatment of (IId) with, for example, oxalyl chloride (COCl) 2  or thionyl chloride SOCl 2  in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N-dimethylformamide DMF in inert solvents such as methylene chloride CH 2 Cl 2  or tetrahydrofuran THF at temperatures between 20 to 100° C., preferably 25° C. Alternatively, treatment of compounds of formula (IIId) with, for example, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide EDC or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide DCC will generate an activated species (XII), wherein X 0  is X 01  or X 02  respectively, in an inert solvent, such as pyridine or tetrahydrofuran THF, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, at temperatures between 50-180° C.; Such activated intermediates of formula IIf can be reacted with nucleophiles such as amines of formula HNR 101 R 012 , wherein R 101  and R 102  are hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or HOR 103 where R 103  is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, pyridine or DMAP, in an inert solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 , THF or acetonitrile, to give compounds of formula IIg and IIh respectively. Such reactions are well known to those skilled in the art. The post transformation of the cyanocyclopropyls are illustrated in Scheme 6. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Compounds of the formula II, wherein Q is Q 1 , defining compounds of the formula II-Q 1   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , X 1 , G 1 , and G 2  are as defined in formula I can be prepared as shown in scheme 7. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     As shown in scheme 7, compounds of formula II-Q 1  can be prepared by cyclizing compounds of the formula (XIV), wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , A, X 1 , G 1 , and G 2  are as defined in formula I, for example through heating in acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid (preferably when X 1  is NR 5 , wherein R 5  is C 1 -C 4 alkyl), at temperatures between 0 and 180° C., preferably between 20 and 150° C., optionally under microwave irradiation. Cyclization of compounds of formula (XIV) may also be achieved in the presence of an acid catalyst, for example methanesulfonic acid, or para-toluenesulfonic acid p-TsOH, in an inert solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidone, toluene or xylene, at temperatures between 25-180° C., preferably 100-170° C. Such processes have been described previously, for example, in WO 2016096584. Alternatively, compounds of formula (XIV) may be converted into compounds of formula II-Q 1  (preferably when X 1  is O) using triphenylphosphine, di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate (or di-ethyl azodicarboxylate) in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran THE at temperatures between 20-50° C. Such Mitsunobu conditions have been previously described for these transformations (see WO 2009/131237 and WO 2016/121997). 
     Compounds of the formula (XIV), wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , A, X 1 , G 1 , and G 2  are as defined in formula I, may be prepared via acylation by; 
     i) Activation of compounds of formula (XIII), wherein R 1 , R 3  and A are as defined in formula I, by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in, for example,  Tetrahedron,  2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852, to form an activated species (XII), wherein R 1 , R 3  and A are as defined in formula I, and wherein X 0  is halogen, preferably chlorine. For example, compounds (XII) where X 0  is halogen, preferably chlorine, are formed by treatment of (XIII) with, for example, oxalyl chloride (COCl) 2  or thionyl chloride SOCl 2  in the presence of catalytic quantities of N,N-dimethylformamide DMF in inert solvents such as methylene chloride CH 2 Cl 2  or tetrahydrofuran THE at temperatures between 20 to 100° C., preferably 25° C. Alternatively, treatment of compounds of formula (XIII) with, for example, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide EDC or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide DCC will generate an activated species (XII), wherein X 0  is X 01  or X 02  respectively, in an inert solvent, such as pyridine or tetrahydrofuran THF, optionally in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, at temperatures between 50-180° C.; followed by 
     ii) Treatment of the activated species (XII) with compounds of the formula (XI), wherein X 1 , G 1 , G 2  and R 4  are as defined in formula I, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl-ethyl-amine or pyridine, in an inert solvents such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or toluene, at temperatures between 0 and 50° C., to form the compounds of formula (XIV). Compounds of formula XIII where R 3  is H, i.e compound wherein is R 1  is ethyl, R 3  is H, and A is N or CH are known and described in WO 2017146226, or WO 2016121997 (for 5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, CAS [1975148-58-3], and WO 2016023954 (for 4-cyclopropyl-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoic acid, CAS [1879052-58-0]. The compound of formula XIII wherein R 3  is cyano, R 1  is ethyl and A is CH (4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoic acid, CAS [2225113-79-9]), and the compound of formula XIII wherein R 3  is cyano, R 1  is ethyl and A is N (5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, CAS [2225113-77-7]) are known and described in and described in WO 2018/077565. 
     Compounds of formula (XI), wherein X 1 , G 1 , G 2  and R 2  are as defined in formula I, have been previously described, for example, in WO 2012/086848, WO 2015/000715, and WO 2016/116338. 
     Compounds of the formula II, wherein Q is Q 2 , defining compounds of the formula II-Q 2 , wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , A, and G 2  are as defined in formula I, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     may be prepared (scheme 8) by condensing compounds of the formula (XVI), wherein R 1 , R 3 , A are as defined in formula I, and in which Xc is is a leaving group such as, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine (preferably chlorine or bromine), with compounds of the formula (XVI), wherein G 2  and R 2  are as defined in formula I, in an inert solvent, for example ethanol or acetonitrile, optionally in the presence of a suitable base, such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, or magnesium oxide at temperatures between 80 and 150° C., optionally under microwave heating conditions. Such processes have been described previously, for example, in WO 2012/49280 or WO 2003/031587. Compounds of formula (XV), wherein G 2  and R 2  are as defined in formula I, are either known compounds, commercially available or may be prepared by known methods known to those skilled in the art. 
     Compounds of the formula (XVI), wherein R 1 , R 3 , and A are as defined in formula I, and in which Xc is is a leaving group such as, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine (preferably chlorine or bromine), 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     may be prepared (scheme 9) by treatment of compounds of formula (XVIII), wherein R 1 , R 3 , and A are as defined in formula I, with a halogenating agent (“Xc*” source), e.g. N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide, N-chlorosuccinimide, 12, CuBr 2 , Br 2  in acetic acid, PhNMe 3   + Br 3   − , typically in a solvent such as methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofurane, ethyl acetate, chloroform or dichloromethane, or mixtures thereof, at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C., preferably between room temperature and 120° C., optionally under microwave heating conditions. Such processes have been described previously, for example, in WO2016/071214. 
     Compounds of formula (XVIII), wherein R 1 , R 3  and A are as defined in formula I, may be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (XVII), wherein R 1  and A are as defined in formula I, and in which Xa is a leaving group such as, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine (preferably chlorine or bromine), under conditions already described above (see scheme 5, transformation of compounds IV into IIb). 
     Compounds of formula (XVII), wherein R 1  and A are as defined in formula I, and wherein Xa is a leaving group such as, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine, in particular those compounds wherein Xa is a halogen (even more preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine; particularly preferred is chlorine or bromine), are either known compounds, commercially available or may be prepared by known methods, described in the literature, as for example in WO 2016/071214. 
     Alternatively, compounds of the formula II, wherein Q is Q 5 , defining compounds of the formula II-Q 5 , wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6  and A are as defined in formula I, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     may be prepared (scheme 9a) by cyclizing compounds of the formula (XXa), wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and A are as defined in formula I, or regioisomers of the formula (XXb) with identical substituent definitions, or a mixture thereof in any ratio, under conditions already described above (see scheme 7, transformation of compounds (XIV) into II-Q 1 ). 
     Compounds of the formula (XXa), wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and A are as defined in formula I, or regioisomers of the formula (XXb) with identical substituent definitions, or a mixture thereof in any ratio, may be prepared by treatment of the activated species (XII) described above with compounds of the formula (XIX), wherein R 4 , R 5  and R 6  are as defined in formula I, under conditions already described above (see scheme 7, transformation of compounds (XII) and (XIII) into compounds (XIV)). 
     Compounds of formula (XIX), wherein R 4 , R 5  and R 6  are as defined in formula I, have been previously described, for example, in WO 2016/023954, WO 2016/142326, WO 2017/133994, and WO 2018077565 
     Alternatively, compounds of the formula II, wherein Q is Q 3 , defining compounds of the formula II-Q 3 , wherein R 1 , R 4 , R 3 , and A are as defined in formula I, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     may be prepared (scheme 10) by condensing compounds of the formula (XVI) described above, wherein R 1 , R 3  and A are as defined in formula I, and in which Xc is a leaving group such as, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine (preferably chlorine or bromine), with compounds of the formula (XXI), wherein R 4  is as defined in formula I, in an inert solvent, for example ethanol, toluene or acetonitrile, optionally in the presence of a suitable base, such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate (or sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate), or magnesium oxide at temperatures between 80 and 150° C., optionally under microwave heating conditions. Such processes have been described previously, for example, in WO 2011/074658. Compounds of formula (XXI), wherein R 4  is as defined in formula I, are either known compounds, commercially available or may be prepared by known methods known to those skilled in the art (see for example WO 2011/074658 and WO 2010/083145). 
     Compounds of the formula II, wherein Q is Q 4 , defining compounds of the formula II-Q 4 , 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , G 1 , G 2  and A are as defined in formula I, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     may also be prepared (scheme 11) via N—N bond forming reaction of azido imines of compounds of the formula (XXV), wherein R 1 , R 4 , R 7 , R 8 , A, G 1 , G 2  and R 2  are as defined in formula I, under pyrolytic condition which facilitates extrusion of N2. Alternatively, this reaction may be conducted in presence of a metal catalyst, for example a Cu(I) catalyst, such as CuI, CuBr, CuCl or CuCN, or more generally with transition metals, in combination with a ligand such as tetramethylethylenediamine, 2,2′-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline. Suitable solvents may include use of e toluene, chlorobenzene, or xylene, at temperatures between room temperature and 200° C., preferably between 100 and 160° C., optionally under microwave heating conditions. Such reductive cyclisation reaction conditions were described in, for example,  Organic Letters,  2011, Vol. 13, No. 13, 3542-3545, and US 2017/0260183, 
     Compounds of the formula (XXV), wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , G 1 , G 2  and A are as defined in formula I, may be prepared by reaction between compounds of formula (XXIII), wherein R 1 , R 3  and A are as defined in formula I, and compounds of formula (XXIV), wherein G 1 , G 2  and R 4  are as defined in formula I, usually upon heating at temperatures between room temperature and 200° C., preferably between 40 and 160° C., optionally under microwave heating conditions, in suitable solvents that may include, for example, toluene or xylene. The formation of compounds of formula (XXV) may require water removal, either by azeotropical distillation, or by means of a drying agent such as for example TiCl 4  or molecular sieves. Such formation of Schiff bases of formula (XXV) is known to those skilled in the art, and was described in, for example, WO 2017/134066. Compounds of formula XXIV are reported in literature (see CAS 2211908-96-0 reported in WO 2018/052136). 
     Compounds of the formula XXIII, may be prepared by the reaction of compound of formula XXII in the presence of acid such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , TFA. Such deprotection reaction of N-linked carbamate are well known to those skilled in the art and described for example in  RSC Advances,  5(5), 3200-3205; 2015 
     Compounds of formula XXII, may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of formula XIII and organo-azide or an ammonia derivatives for example NH 4 OH, NH 3 , NH 2 Boc in the presence of a suitable base and in the presence or absence of Lewis acids and solvent at temperatures between 50° C. and 200° C. Examples of organo-azide include TMSN 3 , sodium azide, diphenyl phosphoryl azide or tosyl azide and suitable solvent may be t-BuOH, toluene, xylene, THE or acetonitrile. Example of suitable Lewis acid may include Zn(OTf) 2 . Such reactions of converting carboxylic acids to amines are well known to those skilled in the art by the name of Curtius reaction and reported in  Org. Lett.,  2005, 7, 4107-4110 ; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,  49(12), 3614-3627; 2006. 
     Alternatively, compounds of the formula II-Q 4 , wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , G 1 , G 2  and A are as defined in formula I, may be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (XXVI), wherein R 4 , G 1 , G 2  are as defined in formula I, and in which LG is a leaving group such as, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine (preferably chlorine or bromine), or an aryl-, alkyl- or haloalkylsulfonate such as trifluoromethanesulfonate, with compounds of formula (XXVII), wherein G 1 , G 2  and R 4  are as defined in formula I, in the presence of base such as for example cesium, sodium, potassium or lithium carbonate, or sodium hydride, optionally in the presence of a metal catalyst such as copper(I) iodide or a palladium catalyst, with or without additives such as L-proline, N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine or a phosphorus-based ligand, in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide at temperatures between room temperature and 200° C., optionally under microwave heating conditions. Such aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction conditions were described in, for example, WO 2017/134066. Compounds of formula XXVII may be obtained by a Sandmeyer reaction, i.e. diazotation of compound XXIII with NaNO2 or tBu-ONO in an inert solvent such as t-BuOH or water, followed by addition of an inoraganic halaide such as CuBr2, CuCl, or KI. Such Sandmeyer reactions are well known in the literature (see for example  Synthesis,  2007, 2534-2538 , Org. Lett.,  2008, 10, 3961-3964, and references cited therein. 
     The reactants can be reacted in the presence of a base. Examples of suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylenediamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides and carbocyclic amines. Examples which may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, quinuclidine, N-methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). 
     The reactants can be reacted with each other as such, i.e. without adding a solvent or diluent. In most cases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine or N,N-diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents. 
     The reaction is advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately −80° C. to approximately +140° C., preferably from approximately −30° C. to approximately +100° C., in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80° C. 
     A compound of formula I can be converted in a manner known per se into another compound of formula I by replacing one or more substituents of the starting compound of formula I in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention. 
     Depending on the choice of the reaction conditions and starting materials which are suitable in each case, it is possible, for example, in one reaction step only to replace one substituent by another substituent according to the invention, or a plurality of substituents can be replaced by other substituents according to the invention in the same reaction step. 
     Salts of compounds of formula I can be prepared in a manner known per se. Thus, for example, acid addition salts of compounds of formula I are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent. 
     Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent. 
     Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula I, acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture. 
     Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the compounds of formula I, which have salt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts. 
     The compounds of formula I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule; the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and hereinbelow, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case. 
     Diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures of compounds of formula I, in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diasteromers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography. 
     Enantiomer mixtures, such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the diastereomers, from which the desired enantiomer can be set free by the action of suitable agents, for example basic agents. 
     Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry. 
     N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula I with a suitable oxidizing agent, for example the H 2 O 2 /urea adduct in the presence of an acid anhydride, e.g. trifluoroacetic anhydride. Such oxidations are known from the literature, for example from  J. Med. Chem.,  32 (12), 2561-73, 1989 or WO 2000/15615. 
     It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for example enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity. 
     The compounds of formula I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form. 
     The compounds of formula I according to the following Tables Y-1 to Y-8, X-1 to X-8, U-1 to U-2 and V-1 to V-6 below can be prepared according to the methods described above. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula I. 
     Tables Y-1 to Y-8 refer to compounds of formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Z: Substituent definitions of R 3  and R 4 : 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Index 
                 R 4   
                 R3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 CF 3   
                 CN 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 SCF 3   
                 CN 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 SO 2 CF 3   
                 CN 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 CF 3   
                 H 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 SCF 3   
                 H 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 SO 2 CF 3   
                 H 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 CF 3   
                 CONH 2   
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 SCF 3   
                 CONH 2   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table Y-1 provides 8 compounds Y-1.001 to Y-1.008 of formula IaY wherein A is CH, G 1  is CH, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-1.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-2 provides 8 compounds Y-2.001 to Y-2.008 of formula IaY wherein A is CH, G 1  is CH, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-2.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-3 provides 8 compounds Y-3.001 to Y-3.008 of formula IaY wherein A is CH, G 1  is N, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-3.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-4 provides 8 compounds Y-4.001 to Y-4.008 of formula IaY wherein A is CH, G 1  is N, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-4.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-5 provides 8 compounds Y-5.001 to Y-5.008 of formula IaY wherein A is N, G 1  is CH, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-5.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-6 provides 8 compounds Y-6.001 to Y-6.008 of formula IaY wherein A is N, G 1  is CH, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-6.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-7 provides 8 compounds Y-7.001 to Y-7.008 of formula IaY wherein A is N, G 1  is N, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-7.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table Y-8 provides 8 compounds Y-8.001 to Y-8.008 of formula IaY wherein A is N, G 1  is N, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound Y-8.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Tables X-1 to X-8 refer to compounds of formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table X-1 provides 8 compounds X-1.001 to X-1.008 of formula Iax wherein A is CH, G 1  is CH, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound X-1.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table X-2 provides 8 compounds X-2.001 to X-2.008 of formula Iax wherein A is CH, G 1  is CH, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     Table X-3 provides 8 compounds X-3.001 to X-3.008 of formula Iax wherein A is CH, G 1  is N, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     Table X-4 provides 8 compounds X-4.001 to X-4.008 of formula Iax wherein A is CH, G 1  is N, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     Table X-5 provides 8 compounds X-5.001 to X-5.008 of formula Iax wherein A is N, G 1  is CH, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     Table X-6 provides 8 compounds X-6.001 to X-6.008 of formula Ib wherein A is N, G 1  is CH, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     Table X-7 provides 8 compounds X-7.001 to X-7.008 of formula Ib wherein A is N, G 1  is N, G 2  is CH and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     Table X-8 provides 8 compounds X-8.001 to X-8.008 of formula Ib wherein A is N, G 1  is N, G 2  is N and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     The tables V-1 to V-6 below illustrate specific compounds of the invention of formula I (wherein R 2  is H, and n is 1). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table V-1 provides 9 compounds V-1.001 to V-1.009 of formula I wherein is A is CH, R 3  is CN and Q are as defined in table W. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE W 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Substituent definitions of Q: 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Index 
                 Q 
                 Index 
                 Q 
                 Index 
                 Q 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 4 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 7 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 5 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 8 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 6 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 9 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For example compound V-1.002 has the following structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table V-2 provides 9 compounds V-2.001 to V-2.009 of formula I wherein A is N, R 3  is CN and Q are as defined in table W. 
     For example compound V-2.005 has the following structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table V-3 provides 9 compounds V-3.001 to V-3.009 of formula I wherein A is CH, R 3  is H and Q are as defined in table W. 
     For example compound V-3.008 has the following structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table V-4 provides 9 compounds V-4.001 to V-4.009 of formula I wherein A is N, R 3  is H and Q are as defined in table W. 
     For example compound V-4.001 has the following structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table V-5 provides 9 compounds V-5.001 to V-5.009 of formula I wherein A is CH, R 3  is CONH 2  and Q are as defined in table W. 
     For example compound V-5.007 has the following structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table V-6 provides 9 compounds V-6.001 to V-6.009 of formula I wherein A is N, R 3  is CONH 2  and Q are as defined in table W For example compound V-6.006 has the following structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Tables U-1 to U-2 refer to compounds of formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table U-1 provides 8 compounds U-1.001 to U-1.008 of formula IaU wherein A is CH, and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     For example, compound U-1.001 has the following structure; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Table U-2 provides 8 compounds U-2.001 to U-2.008 of formula IaU wherein A is N, and R 3 , R 4  are as defined in table Z. 
     The compounds of formula I according to the invention are preventively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favorable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and plants. The active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, animal pests, such as insects molluscs, nematodes or representatives of the order Acarina. The insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i. e. in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, a good activity corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 50 to 60%. 
     Compounds of formula (I) according to the invention may possess any number of benefits including, inter alia, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile, improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability or environmental profile). In particular, it has been surprisingly found that certain compounds of formula (I) show an advantageous safety profile with respect to non-target organisms, for example, non-target arthropods, in particular pollinators such as honey bees, solitary bees, and bumble bees. Most particularly,  Apis mellifera.    
     In this regard, certain compounds of formula (I) of the invention can be distinguished from known compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates, which can be verified by the person skilled in the art using experimental procedures similar to or adapted from those outlined in the biological examples, using lower application rates if necessary, for example 50 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 6 ppm, 3 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 0.8 ppm or 0.2 ppm. 
     Further it has surprisingly found that that compounds of formula (I) show advantageous physico-chemical properties for application in crop protection, in particular reduced melting point, reduced lipophilicity and increased water solubility. Such properties have been found to be advantageous for plant uptake and systemic distribution, see for example A. Buchholz, S. Trapp, Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72: 929-939) in order to control certain pest species named below. 
     Examples of the abovementioned animal pests are: 
     from the order Acarina, for example, 
       Acalitus  spp,  Aculus  spp,  Acaricalus  spp,  Aceria  spp,  Acarus siro, Amblyomma  spp.,  Argas  spp.,  Boophilus  spp.,  Brevipalpus  spp.,  Bryobia  spp,  Calipitrimerus  spp.,  Chorioptes  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides  spp,  Eotetranychus  spp,  Eriophyes  spp.,  Hemitarsonemus  spp,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Olygonychus  spp,  Ornithodoros  spp.,  Polyphagotarsone latus, Panonychus  spp.,  Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Phytonemus  spp,  Polyphagotarsonemus  spp,  Psoroptes  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Rhizoglyphus  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Steneotarsonemus  spp,  Tarsonemus  spp. and  Tetranychus  spp.; 
     from the order Anoplura, for example, 
       Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp.,  Pemphigus  spp. and  Phylloxera  spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example, 
       Agriotes  spp.,  Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis, Anthonomus  spp.,  Aphodius  spp,  Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius  spp,  Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma  spp,  Conoderus  spp,  Cosmopolites  spp.,  Cotinis nitida, Curculio  spp.,  Cyclocephala  spp,  Dermestes  spp.,  Diabrotica  spp.,  Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna  spp.,  Eremnus  spp.,  Heteronychus arator, Hypothenemus hampei, Lagria vilosa, Leptinotarsa decemLineata, Lissorhoptrus  spp.,  Liogenys  spp,  Maecolaspis  spp,  Maladera castanea, Megascelis  spp,  Melighetes aeneus, Melolontha  spp.,  Myochrous armatus, Orycaephilus  spp.,  Otiorhynchus  spp.,  Phyllophaga  spp,  PhIyctinus  spp.,  Popillia  spp.,  Psylliodes  spp.,  Rhyssomatus aubtilis, Rhizopertha  spp.,  Scarabeidae, Sitophilus  spp.,  Sitotroga  spp.,  Somaticus  spp,  Sphenophorus  spp,  Sternechus subsignatus, Tenebrio  spp.,  Tribolium  spp. and  Trogoderma  spp.; from the order Diptera, for example, 
       Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp,  Antherigona soccata, Bactrocea oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Bradysia  spp,  Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis  spp.,  Chrysomyia  spp.,  Culex  spp.,  Cuterebra  spp.,  Dacus  spp.,  Delia  spp,  Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia  spp.,  Gastrophilus  spp.,  Geomyza tripunctata, Glossina  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Hyppobosca  spp.,  Liriomyza  spp.,  Lucilia  spp.,  Melanagromyza  spp.,  Musca  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Orseolia  spp.,  Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia  spp.,  Rhagoletis  spp,  Rivelia quadrifasciata, Scatella  spp,  Sciara  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Tannia  spp. and  Tipula  spp.; 
     from the order Hemiptera, for example, 
       Acanthocoris scabrator, Acrosternum  spp,  Adelphocoris lineolatus, Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus  spp,  Cimex  spp.,  Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades  spp,  Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus  spp.,  Edessa  spp,  Euschistus  spp.,  Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster  spp.,  Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa  spp.,  Lygus  spp,  Margarodes  spp,  Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus  spp,  Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara  spp.,  Nysius simulans, Oebalus insularis, Piesma  spp.,  Piezodorus  spp,  Rhodnius  spp.,  Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophara  spp. , Thyanta  spp,  Triatoma  spp.,  Vatiga illudens;    
       Acyrthosium pisum, Adalges  spp,  Agalliana ensigera, Agonoscena targionii, Aleurodicus  spp,  Aleurocanthus  spp,  Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Amarasca biguttula, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aonidiella  spp.,  Aphididae, Aphis  spp.,  Aspidiotus  spp.,  Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia  spp,  Brachycaudus  spp,  Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla  spp,  Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Ceroplaster  spp.,  Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Cicadella  spp,  Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus  spp,  Cicadulina  spp,  Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes  spp,  Diaphorina citri, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis  spp,  Empoasca  spp.,  Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura  spp.,  Gascardia  spp.,  Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae, Hyalopterus  spp,  Hyperomyzus pallidus, Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Laodelphax  spp.,  Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes  spp.,  Lopaphis erysimi, Lyogenys maidis, Macrosiphum  spp.,  Mahanarva  spp,  Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myndus crudus, Myzus  spp.,  Neotoxoptera  sp,  Nephotettix  spp.,  Nilaparvata  spp.,  Nippolachnus piri Mats, Odonaspis ruthae, Oregma lanigera Zehnter, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria  spp.,  Pemphigus  spp.,  Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella  spp,  Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera  spp,  Planococcus  spp.,  Pseudaulacaspis  spp.,  Pseudococcus  spp.,  Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla  spp.,  Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus  spp.,  Quesada gigas, Recilia dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum  spp.,  Saissetia  spp.,  Scaphoideus  spp.,  Schizaphis  spp.,  Sitobion  spp.,  Sogatella furcifera, Spissistilus festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera  spp,  Trialeurodes  spp,  Tridiscus sporoboli, Trionymus  spp,  Trioza erytreae, Unaspis citri, Zygina flammigera, Zyginidia scutellaris;    
     from the order Hymenoptera, for example, 
       Acromyrmex, Arge  spp,  Atta  spp.,  Cephus  spp.,  Diprion  spp.,  Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplo - campa  spp.,  Lasius  spp.,  Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion  spp.,  Pogonomyrmex  spp,  Slenopsis invicta, Solenopsis  spp. and  Vespa  spp.; 
     from the order Isoptera, for example, 
       Coptotermes  spp,  Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes  spp,  Macrotermes  spp,  Mastotermes  spp,  Microtermes  spp,  Reticulitermes  spp.;  Solenopsis geminate    
     from the order Lepidoptera, for example, 
       Acleris  spp.,  Adoxophyes  spp.,  Aegeria  spp.,  Agrotis  spp.,  Alabama argillaceae, Amylois  spp.,  Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips  spp.,  Argyresthia  spp,  Argyrotaenia  spp.,  Autographa  spp.,  Bucculatrix thurberiella, Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo  spp.,  Choristoneura  spp.,  Chrysoteuchia topiaria, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis  spp.,  Cnephasia  spp.,  Cochylis  spp.,  Coleophora  spp.,  Colias lesbia, Cosmophila flava, Crambus  spp,  Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydalima perspectalis, Cydia  spp.,  Diaphania perspectalis, Diatraea  spp.,  Diparopsis castanea, Earias  spp.,  Eldana saccharina, Ephestia  spp.,  Epinotia  spp,  Estigmene acrea, Etiella zinckinella, Eucosma  spp.,  Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis  spp.,  Euxoa  spp.,  Feltia jaculiferia, Grapholita  spp.,  Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis  spp.,  Hellula undalis, Herpetogramma  spp,  Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lasmopalpus lignosellus, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis  spp.,  Lobesia botrana, Loxostege bifidalis, Lymantria  spp.,  Lyonetia  spp.,  Malacosoma  spp.,  Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Mythimna  spp,  Noctua  spp,  Operophtera  spp.,  Orniodes indica, Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene  spp.,  Pandemis  spp.,  Panolis flammea, Papaipema nebris, Pectinophora gossypiela, Perileucoptera coffeella, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris  spp.,  Plutella xylostella, Prays  spp.,  Pseudoplusia  spp,  Rachiplusia nu, Richia albicosta, Scirpophaga  spp.,  Sesamia  spp.,  Sparganothis  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  Sylepta derogate, Synanthedon  spp.,  Thaumetopoea  spp.,  Tortrix  spp.,  Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta , and  Yponomeuta  spp.; 
     from the order Mallophaga, for example, 
       Damalinea  spp. and  Trichodectes  spp.; 
     from the order Orthoptera, for example, 
       Blatta  spp.,  Blattella  spp.,  Gryllotalpa  spp.,  Leucophaea maderae, Locusta  spp.,  Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta  spp. , Scapteriscus  spp, and  Schistocerca  spp.; 
     from the order Psocoptera, for example, 
       Liposcelis  spp.; 
     from the order Siphonaptera, for example, 
       Ceratophyllus  spp.,  Ctenocephalides  spp. and  Xenopsylla cheopis;    
     from the order Thysanoptera, for example, 
       Calliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella  spp.,  Heliothrips  spp,  Hercinothrips  spp.,  Parthenothrips  spp,  Scirtothrips aurantii, Sericothrips variabilis, Taeniothrips  spp.,  Thrips  spp; 
     from the order Thysanura, for example,  Lepisma saccharina.    
     The active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i. e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests. 
     Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp orjute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the plantain family and latex plants. 
     The compositions and/or methods of the present invention may be also used on any ornamental and/or vegetable crops, including flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens. 
     For example the invention may be used on any of the following ornamental species:  Ageratum  spp.,  Alonsoa  spp.,  Anemone  spp.,  Anisodontea capsenisis, Anthemis  spp.,  Antirrhinum  spp.,  Aster  spp.,  Begonia  spp. ( e.g. B. elatior, B. semperflorens, B. tubereux ),  Bougainvillea  spp.,  Brachycome  spp.,  Brassica  spp. (ornamental),  Calceolaria  spp.,  Capsicum annuum, Catharanthus roseus, Canna  spp.,  Centaurea  spp.,  Chrysanthemum  spp.,  Cineraria  spp. ( C. maritime ),  Coreopsis  spp.,  Crassula coccinea, Cuphea ignea, Dahlia  spp.,  Delphinium  spp.,  Dicentra spectabilis, Dorotheantus  spp.,  Eustoma grandiflorum, Forsythia  spp.,  Fuchsia  spp.,  Geranium gnaphalium, Gerbera  spp.,  Gomphrena globosa, Heliotropium  spp.,  Helianthus  spp.,  Hibiscus  spp.,  Hortensia  spp.,  Hydrangea  spp.,  Hypoestes phyllostachya, Impatiens  spp. ( I. Walleriana ),  Iresines  spp.,  Kalanchoe  spp.,  Lantana camara, Lavatera trimestris, Leonotis leonurus, Lilium  spp.,  Mesembryanthemum  spp.,  Mimulus  spp.,  Monarda  spp.,  Nemesia  spp.,  Tagetes  spp.,  Dianthus  spp. (carnation),  Canna  spp.,  Oxalis  spp.,  Bellis  spp.,  Pelargonium  spp. ( P. peltatum, P. Zonale ),  Viola  spp. (pansy),  Petunia  spp.,  Phlox  spp.,  Plecthranthus  spp.,  Poinsettia  spp.,  Parthenocissus  spp. ( P. quinquefolia, P. tricuspidata ),  Primula  spp.,  Ranunculus  spp.,  Rhododendron  spp.,  Rosa  spp. (rose),  Rudbeckia  spp.,  Saintpaulia  spp.,  Salvia  spp.,  Scaevola aemola, Schizanthus wisetonensis, Sedum  spp.,  Solanum  spp.,  Surfinia  spp.,  Tagetes  spp.,  Nicotinia  spp.,  Verbena  spp.,  Zinnia  spp. and other bedding plants. 
     For example the invention may be used on any of the following vegetable species:  Allium  spp. ( A. sativum, A. cepa, A. oschaninii, A. Porrum, A. ascalonicum, A. fistulosum ),  Anthriscus cerefolium, Apium graveolus, Asparagus officinalis, Beta vulgarus, Brassica  spp. ( B. Oleracea, B. Pekinensis, B. rapa ),  Capsicum annuum, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endivia, Cichorum  spp. ( C. intybus, C. endivia ),  Citrillus lanatus, Cucumis  spp. ( C. sativus, C. melo ),  Cucurbita  spp. ( C. pepo, C. maxima ),  Cyanara  spp. ( C. scolymus, C. cardunculus ),  Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Hypericum  spp.,  Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon  spp. ( L. esculentum, L. lycopersicum ),  Mentha  spp.,  Ocimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus  spp. ( P. vulgaris, P. coccineus ),  Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Rheum rhaponticum, Rosemarinus  spp.,  Salvia  spp.,  Scorzonera hispanica, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Valerianella  spp. ( V. locusta, V. eriocarpa ) and  Vicia faba.    
     Preferred ornamental species include African violet,  Begonia, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hydrangea, Verbena, Rosa, Kalanchoe, Poinsettia, Aster, Centaurea, Coreopsis, Delphinium, Monarda, Phlox, Rudbeckia, Sedum, Petunia, Viola, Impatiens, Geranium, Chrysanthemum, Ranunculus, Fuchsia, Salvia, Hortensia , rosemary, sage, St. Johnswort, mint, sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber. 
     The active ingredients according to the invention are especially suitable for controlling  Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Heliothis virescens, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella  and  Spodoptera littoralis  in cotton, vegetable, maize, rice and soya crops. The active ingredients according to the invention are further especially suitable for controlling  Mamestra  (preferably in vegetables),  Cydia pomonella  (preferably in apples),  Empoasca  (preferably in vegetables, vineyards),  Leptinotarsa  (preferably in potatos) and  Chilo supressalis  (preferably in rice). 
     The active ingredients according to the invention are especially suitable for controlling  Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Heliothis virescens, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella  and  Spodoptera littoralis  in cotton, vegetable, maize, rice and soya crops. The active ingredients according to the invention are further especially suitable for controlling  Mamestra  (preferably in vegetables),  Cydia pomonella  (preferably in apples),  Empoasca (preferably in vegetables, vineyards),  Leptinotarsa  (preferably in potatos) and  Chilo supressalis  (preferably in rice). 
     In a further aspect, the invention may also relate to a method of controlling damage to plant and parts thereof by plant parasitic nematodes (Endoparasitic-, Semiendoparasitic- and Ectoparasitic nematodes), especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes,  Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria  and other  Meloidogyne  species; cyst-forming nematodes,  Globodera rostochiensis  and other  Globodera  species;  Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii , and other  Heterodera  species; Seed gall nematodes,  Anguina  species; Stem and foliar nematodes,  Aphelenchoides  species; Sting nematodes,  Belonolaimus longicaudatus  and other  Belonolaimus  species; Pine nematodes,  Bursaphelenchus xylophilus  and other  Bursaphelenchus  species; Ring nematodes,  Criconema  species,  Criconemella  species,  Criconemoides  species,  Mesocriconema  species; Stem and bulb nematodes,  Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci  and other  Ditylenchus  species; Awl nematodes,  Dolichodorus  species; Spiral nematodes,  Heliocotylenchus multicinctus  and other  Helicotylenchus  species; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes,  Hemicycliophora  species and  Hemicriconemoides  species;  Hirshmanniella  species; Lance nematodes,  Hoploaimus  species; false rootknot nematodes,  Nacobbus  species; Needle nematodes,  Longidorus elongatus  and other  Longidorus  species; Pin nematodes,  Pratylenchus  species; Lesion nematodes,  Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi  and other  Pratylenchus  species; Burrowing nematodes,  Radopholus similis  and other  Radopholus  species; Reniform nematodes,  Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus reniformis  and other  Rotylenchus  species;  Scutellonema  species; Stubby root nematodes,  Trichodorus primitivus  and other  Trichodorus  species,  Paratrichodorus  species; Stunt nematodes,  Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius  and other  Tylenchorhynchus  species;  Citrus  nematodes,  Tylenchulus  species; Dagger nematodes,  Xiphinema  species; and other plant parasitic nematode species, such as  Subanguina  spp.,  Hypsoperine  spp.,  Macroposthonia  spp.,  Melinius  spp.,  Punctodera  spp., and  Quinisulcius  spp. 
     The compounds of the invention may also have activity against the molluscs. Examples of which include, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion ( A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus ); Bradybaenidae ( Bradybaena fruticum );  Cepaea  ( C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis ); ochlodina;  Deroceras  ( D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum );  Discus  ( D. rotundatus );  Euomphalia; Galba  ( G. trunculata );  Helicelia  ( H. itala, H. obvia ); Helicidae  Helicigona arbustorum );  Helicodiscus; Helix  ( H. aperta );  Limax  ( L. cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus );  Lymnaea; Milax  ( M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi );  Opeas; Pomacea  ( P. canaticulata );  Vallonia  and  Zanitoides.    
     The term “crops” is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus  Bacillus.    
     Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from  Bacillus cereus  or  Bacillus popilliae ; or insecticidal proteins from  Bacillus thuringiensis , such as 8-endotoxins, e.g. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example  Photorhabdus  spp. or  Xenorhabdus  spp., such as  Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus ; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases. 
     In the context of the present invention there are to be understood by 8-endotoxins, for example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 2002/15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated Cry1Ab, are known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 2003/018810). Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO1993/07278, WO1995/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 2003/052073. 
     The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Cryl-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 1990/13651. 
     The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera). 
     Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot® (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a Cry1Ab toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); NatureGard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt11 corn borer (CB) trait) and Protecta®. 
     Further examples of such transgenic crops are: 
     1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l&#39;Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified  Zea mays  which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis  and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated Cry1Ab toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 
     2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l&#39;Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified  Zea mays  which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis  and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a Cry1Ab toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 
     3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l&#39;Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 2003/018810. 
     4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects. 
     5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02. 
     6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize for the expression of the protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 
     7. NK603×MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603×MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from  Agrobacterium  sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1Ab toxin obtained from  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer. 
     Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http://bats.ch). 
     The term “crops” is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 1995/33818 and EP-A-0 353 191. The methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. 
     Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO1995/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called “plant disease resistance genes”, as described in WO 2003/000906). 
     Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goods and store rooms and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, and also in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestock against pests of the mentioned type. 
     The present invention also provides a method for controlling pests (such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also http://www.who.int/malaria/vector_control/irs/en/). In one embodiment, the method for controlling pests comprises applying the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping. By way of example, an IRS (indoor residual spraying) application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions to a substrate such as non-woven or a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents. 
     In one embodiment, the method for controlling such pests comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate. Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention. By way of example, an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions for residual control of pests on a substrate such as a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents. 
     Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be treated may be made of natural fibres such as cotton, raffia, jute, flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like. The polyesters are particularly suitable. The methods of textile treatment are known, e.g. WO 2008/151984, WO 2003/034823, U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,072, WO 2005/64072, WO2006/128870, EP 1724392, WO2005/113886 or WO 2007/090739. 
     Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the field of tree injection/trunk treatment for all ornamental trees as well all sort of fruit and nut trees. 
     In the field of tree injection/trunk treatment, the compounds according to the present invention are especially suitable against wood-boring insects from the order Lepidoptera as mentioned above and from the order Coleoptera, especially against woodborers listed in the following tables A and B: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Examples of exotic woodborers of economic importance. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Family 
                 Species 
                 Host or Crop Infested 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Buprestidae 
                 
                   Agrilus planipennis 
                 
                 Ash 
               
               
                 Cerambycidae 
                 
                   Anoplura glabripennis 
                 
                 Hardwoods 
               
               
                 Scolytidae 
                 
                   Xylosandrus crassiusculus 
                 
                 Hardwoods 
               
               
                   
                 
                   X. mutilatus 
                 
                 Hardwoods 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Tomicus piniperda 
                 
                 Conifers 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Examples of native woodborers of economic importance. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Family 
                 Species 
                 Host or Crop Infested 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Buprestidae 
                 
                   Agrilus anxius 
                 
                 Birch 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Agrilus politus 
                 
                 Willow, Maple 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Agrilus sayi 
                 
                 Bayberry, Sweetfern 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Agrilus vittaticolllis 
                 
                 Apple, Pear, Cranberry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Serviceberry, Hawthorn 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Chrysobothris femorata 
                 
                 Apple, Apricot, Beech, Boxelder, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cherry, Chestnut, Currant, Elm, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hawthorn, Hackberry, Hickory, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Horsechestnut, Linden, Maple, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mountain-ash, Oak, Pecan, Pear, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Peach, Persimmon, Plum, Poplar, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Quince, Redbud, Serviceberry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sycamore, Walnut, Willow 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Texania campestris 
                 
                 Basswood, Beech, Maple, Oak, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sycamore, Willow, Yellow-poplar 
               
               
                 Cerambycidae 
                 
                   Goes pulverulentus 
                 
                 Beech, Elm, Nuttall, Willow, Black 
               
               
                   
                   
                 oak, Cherrybark oak, Water oak, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sycamore 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Goes tigrinus 
                 
                 Oak 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Neoclytus acuminatus 
                 
                 Ash, Hickory, Oak, Walnut, Birch, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Beech, Maple, Eastern 
               
               
                   
                   
                 hophornbeam, Dogwood, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Persimmon, Redbud, Holly, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hackberry, Black locust, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Honeylocust, Yellow-poplar, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chestnut, Osage-orange, Sassafras, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Lilac, Mountain-mahogany, Pear, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apple, Elm, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Basswood, Sweetgum 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Neoptychodes trilineatus 
                 
                 Fig, Alder, Mulberry, Willow, Netleaf 
               
               
                   
                   
                 hackberry 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Oberea ocellata 
                 
                 Sumac, Apple, Peach, Plum, Pear, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Currant, Blackberry 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Oberea tripunctata 
                 
                 Dogwood, Viburnum, Elm, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sourwood, Blueberry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Rhododendron, Azalea, Laurel, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Poplar, Willow, Mulberry 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Oncideres cingulata 
                 
                 Hickory, Pecan, Persimmon, Elm, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sourwood, Basswood, Honeylocust, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Dogwood, Eucalyptus, Oak, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hackberry, Maple, Fruit trees 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Saperda calcarata 
                 
                 Poplar 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Strophiona nitens 
                 
                 Chestnut, Oak, Hickory, Walnut, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Beech, Maple 
               
               
                 Scolytidae 
                 
                   Corthylus columbianus 
                 
                 Maple, Oak, Yellow-poplar, Beech, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Boxelder, Sycamore, Birch, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Basswood, Chestnut, Elm 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Dendroctonus frontalis 
                 
                 Pine 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Dryocoetes betulae 
                 
                 Birch, Sweetgum, Wild cherry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Beech, Pear 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Monarthrum fasciatum 
                 
                 Oak, Maple, Birch, Chestnut, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sweetgum, Blackgum, Poplar, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hickory, Mimosa, Apple, Peach, Pine 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Phloeotribus liminaris 
                 
                 Peach, Cherry, Plum, Black cherry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Elm, Mulberry, Mountain-ash 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Pseudopityophthorus pruinosus 
                 
                 Oak, American beech, Black cherry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chickasaw plum, Chestnut, Maple, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hickory, Hornbeam, Hophornbeam 
               
               
                 Sesiidae 
                 
                   Paranthrene simulans 
                 
                 Oak, American chestnut 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Sannina uroceriformis 
                 
                 Persimmon 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Synanthedon exitiosa 
                 
                 Peach, Plum, Nectarine, Cherry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Apricot, Almond, Black cherry 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Synanthedon pictipes 
                 
                 Peach, Plum, Cherry, Beach, Black 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cherry 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Synanthedon rubrofascia 
                 
                 Tupelo 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Synanthedon scitula 
                 
                 Dogwood, Pecan, Hickory, Oak, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Chestnut, Beech, Birch, Black cherry, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Elm, Mountain-ash, Viburnum, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Willow, Apple, Loquat, Ninebark, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bayberry 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Vitacea polistiformis 
                 
                 Grape 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The present invention may be also used to control any insect pests that may be present in turfgrass, including for example beetles, caterpillars, fire ants, ground pearls, millipedes, sow bugs, mites, mole crickets, scales, mealybugs ticks, spittlebugs, southern chinch bugs and white grubs. The present invention may be used to control insect pests at various stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. 
     In particular, the present invention may be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots of turfgrass including white grubs (such as  Cyclocephala  spp. (e.g. masked chafer,  C. lurida ),  Rhizotrogus  spp. (e.g. European chafer,  R. majalis ),  Cotinus  spp. (e.g. Green June beetle,  C. nitida ),  Popillia  spp. (e.g. Japanese beetle,  P. japonica ),  Phyllophaga  spp. (e.g. May/June beetle),  Ataenius  spp. (e.g. Black turfgrass ataenius,  A. spretulus ),  Maladera  spp. (e.g. Asiatic garden beetle,  M. castanea ) and  Tomarus  spp.), ground pearls ( Margarodes  spp.), mole crickets (tawny, southern, and short-winged;  Scapteriscus  spp.,  Gryllotalpa africana ) and leatherjackets (European crane fly,  Tipula  spp.). 
     The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that are thatch dwelling, including armyworms (such as fall armyworm  Spodoptera frugiperda , and common armyworm Pseudaletia  unipuncta ), cutworms, billbugs ( Sphenophorus  spp., such as  S. venatus  verstitus and  S. parvulus ), and sod webworms (such as  Crambus  spp. and the tropical sod webworm,  Herpetogramma  phaeopteralis). 
     The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that live above the ground and feed on the turfgrass leaves, including chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs,  Blissus insularis ), Bermudagrass mite ( Eriophyes cynodoniensis ), rhodesgrass mealybug ( Antonina graminis ), two-lined spittlebug ( Propsapia bicincta ), leafhoppers, cutworms (Noctuidae family), and greenbugs. 
     The present invention may also be used to control other pests of turfgrass such as red imported fire ants ( Solenopsis invicta ) that create ant mounds in turf. 
     In the hygiene sector, the compositions according to the invention are active against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas. 
     Examples of such parasites are: 
     Of the order Anoplurida:  Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp. and  Phtirus  spp.,  Solenopotes  spp. 
     Of the order Mallophagida:  Trimenopon  spp.,  Menopon  spp.,  Trinoton  spp.,  Bovicola  spp.,  Werneckiella  spp.,  Lepikentron  spp.,  Damalina  spp.,  Trichodectes  spp. and  Felicola  spp. 
     Of the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example  Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp.,  Culex  spp.,  Simulium  spp.,  Eusimulium  spp.,  Phlebotomus  spp.,  Lutzomyia  spp.,  Culicoides  spp.,  Chrysops  spp.,  Hybomitra  spp.,  Atylotus  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Haematopota  spp.,  Philipomyia  spp.,  Braula  spp.,  Musca  spp.,  Hydrotaea  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Haematobia  spp.,  Morellia  spp.,  Fannia  spp.,  Glossina  spp.,  Calliphora  spp.,  Lucilia  spp.,  Chrysomyia  spp.,  Wohlfahrtia  spp.,  Sarcophaga  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Gasterophilus  spp.,  Hippobosca  spp.,  Lipoptena  spp. and  Melophagus  spp. 
     Of the order Siphonapterida, for example  Pulex  spp.,  Ctenocephalides  spp.,  Xenopsylla  spp.,  Ceratophyllus  spp. 
     Of the order Heteropterida, for example  Cimex  spp.,  Triatoma  spp.,  Rhodnius  spp.,  Panstrongylus  spp. 
     Of the order Blattarida, for example  Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattelagermanica  and  Supella  spp. 
     Of the subclass Acaria (Acarida) and the orders Meta- and Meso- stigmata , for example  Argas  spp.,  Ornithodorus  spp.,  Otobius  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Amblyomma  spp.,  Boophilus  spp.,  Dermacentor  spp.,  Haemophysalis  spp.,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Dermanyssus  spp.,  Raillietia  spp.,  Pneumonyssus  spp.,  Sternostoma  spp. and  Varroa  spp. 
     Of the orders Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example  Acarapis  spp.,  Cheyletiella  spp.,  Ornithocheyletia  spp.,  Myobia  spp.,  Psorergatesspp., Demodex  spp.,  Trombicula  spp.,  Listrophorus  spp.,  Acarus  spp.,  Tyrophagus  spp.,  Caloglyphus  spp.,  Hypodectes  spp.,  Pterolichus  spp.,  Psoroptes  spp.,  Chorioptes  spp.,  Otodectes  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Notoedres  spp.,  Knemidocoptes  spp.,  Cytodites  spp. and  Laminosioptes  spp. 
     The compositions according to the invention are also suitable for protecting against insect infestation in the case of materials such as wood, textiles, plastics, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings. 
     The compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests: beetles such as  Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus  spec.,  Tryptodendron  spec.,  Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon  spec. and  Dinoderus minutus , and also hymenopterans such as  Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas  taignus and  Urocerus augur , and termites such as  Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis  and  Coptotermes formosanus , and bristletails such as  Lepisma saccharina.    
     The compounds according to the invention can be used as pesticidal agents in unmodified form, but they are generally formulated into compositions in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g. from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents. 
     The formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof. 
     The active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules. Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95% by weight of the capsule weight. The active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated. 
     The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known per se. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxy-propanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like. 
     Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances. 
     A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono- and di-alkylphosphate esters; and also further substances described e.g. in McCutcheon&#39;s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood N.J. (1981). 
     Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micronutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers. 
     The compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10%, based on the mixture to be applied. For example, the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C 8 -C 22  fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C 12 -C 18  fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10 th  Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010. 
     The inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99% by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compounds of the present invention and from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25% by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercial products may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations. 
     The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. As a general guideline compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l/ha. 
     Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %): 
     Emulsifiable Concentrates: 
     active ingredient: 1 to 95%, preferably 60 to 90% 
     surface-active agent: 1 to 30%, preferably 5 to 20% 
     liquid carrier: 1 to 80%, preferably 1 to 35% 
     Dusts: 
     active ingredient: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5% 
     solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99% 
     Suspension Concentrates: 
     active ingredient: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50% 
     water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30% 
     surface-active agent: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30% 
     Wettable Powders: 
     active ingredient: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80% 
     surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15% 
     solid carrier: 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90% 
     Granules: 
     active ingredient: 0.1 to 30%, preferably 0.1 to 15% 
     solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85% 
     The following Examples further illustrate, but do not limit, the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Wettable powders 
                 a) 
                 b) 
                 c) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 active ingredients 
                 25% 
                 50% 
                 75% 
               
               
                   
                 sodium lignosulfonate 
                  5% 
                  5% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 sodium lauryl sulfate 
                  3% 
                 — 
                  5% 
               
               
                   
                 sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate 
                 — 
                  6% 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 phenol polyethylene glycol ether  
                 — 
                  2% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 highly dispersed silicic acid 
                  5% 
                 10% 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 Kaolin 
                 62% 
                 27% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Powders for dry seed treatment 
                 a) 
                 b) 
                 c) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 active ingredients 
                 25% 
                 50% 
                 75% 
               
               
                 light mineral oil 
                  5% 
                  5% 
                  5% 
               
               
                 highly dispersed silicic acid 
                  5% 
                  5% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Kaolin 
                 65% 
                 40% 
                 — 
               
               
                 Talcum 
                 — 
                   
                 20% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Emulsifiable concentrate 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 active ingredients 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether  
                  3% 
               
               
                   
                 (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 
                  3% 
               
               
                   
                 castor oil polyglycol ether  
                  4% 
               
               
                   
                 (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cyclohexanone 
                 30% 
               
               
                   
                 xylene mixture 
                 50% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dusts 
                 a) 
                 b) 
                 c) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Active ingredients 
                  5% 
                  6% 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 Talcum 
                 95% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Kaolin 
                 — 
                 94% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 mineral filler 
                 — 
                 — 
                 96% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Extruder granules 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Active ingredients 
                 15% 
               
               
                   
                 sodium lignosulfonate 
                  2% 
               
               
                   
                 carboxymethylcellulose 
                  1% 
               
               
                   
                 Kaolin 
                 82% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. 
     The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Coated granules 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Active ingredients 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 polyethylene glycol (mol. wt. 200) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 Kaolin 
                 89% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner. 
     Suspension Concentrate 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 active ingredients 
                 40% 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether  
                  6% 
               
               
                   
                 (15 mol of ethylene oxide) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lignosulfonate 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 carboxymethylcellulose 
                  1% 
               
               
                   
                 silicone oil (in the form of a 75 %  
                  1% 
               
               
                   
                 emulsion in water) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 32% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion. 
     Flowable Concentrate for Seed Treatment 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 active ingredients 
                 40% 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                  5% 
               
               
                   
                 copolymer butanol PO/EO 
                  2% 
               
               
                   
                 Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 
                  2% 
               
               
                   
                 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form  
                 0.5%  
               
               
                   
                 of a 20% solution in water) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 monoazo-pigment calcium salt 
                  5% 
               
               
                   
                 Silicone oil (in the form of a 75%  
                 0.2%  
               
               
                   
                 emulsion in water) 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 45.3%  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion. 
     Slow Release Capsule Suspension 
     28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed. The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns. The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose. 
     Formulation types include an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants. 
    
    
     PREPARATORY EXAMPLES 
     “Mp” means melting point in ° C. Free radicals represent methyl groups.  1 H NMR measurements were recorded on a Brucker 400 MHz spectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LCMS methods below was used to characterize the compounds. The characteristic LCMS values obtained for each compound were the retention time (“Rt”, recorded in minutes) and the measured molecular ion (M+H) +  or (M−H)−. 
     LCMS and GCMS Methods: 
     Method 1: 
     Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 50 I/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 I/h, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment, diode-array detector and ELSD detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 □m, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH, gradient: 10-100% B in 1.2 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85 
     Method 2: 
     Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions), Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 50 I/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 I/h, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment, diode-array detector and ELSD detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 □m, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH, gradient: 10-100% B in 2.7 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85 
     Method 3: 
     Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII or ZQ Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions), Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 50 I/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 I/h, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment, diode-array detector and ELSD detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 □m, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH, gradient: 0-10% B in 2.5 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85 
     Method 4: 
     Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions), Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Temperature: 350° C., Cone Gas Flow: 50 l/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 I/h, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment, diode-array detector and ELSD detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 □m, 30×2.1 mm, Temp: 60° C., DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A=water+5% MeOH+0.05% HCOOH, B=Acetonitrile+0.05% HCOOH, gradient: 40-100% B in 1.2 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85 
     Method 5: 
     Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (Acquity SDS Mass Spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: Positive and Negative Polarity Switch, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone Voltage: 41.00 V, Source temperature: 150° C., Desolvation Gas Flow: 1000 L/Hr., Desolvation temperature: 500° C., Gas Flow @Cone: 50 L/hr., Mass range: 110-800 Da, PDA wavelength range: 210-400 nm. Column: Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18, length 30 mm, diameter 2.1 mm, particle size 1.8 μm. Column oven temperature 40° C. Solvent gradient: A=Water with 0.1% formic acid:Acetonitrile (95:5 v/v). B=Acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid. Gradient=0 min 90% A, 10% B; 0.2 min 50% A, 50% B; 0.7-1.3 min 0% A, 100% B; 1.4-1.6 min 90% A, 10% B. Flow rate 0.6 mL/min. 
     Example H1: Preparation of 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Table P, Example P10) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Preparation of methyl 5-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Methyl 5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate, prepared as described in patent WO 2017/089190 (32 g, 115.88 mmol) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (350 mL). Then ethyl 2-cyanoacetate (18.5 mL, 173.82 mmol), potassium carbonate (40.442 g, 289.70 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (3.81 g, 11.588 mmol) were added successively at room temperature. The resulting suspension were stirred one night at 90° C. and then cooled to room temperature. Water and ethyl acetate were added, the resulting mixture was cooled down at 0° C. and hydrochloric acid (2M) was added slowly to acidify the reaction to pH 4-5. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude obtained was heated at 80° C. in ethanol (250 ml) for 1 hour. The solution obtained was cooled to 0° C., stirred 1 hour and filtered. The precipitate was washed with cold ethanol to afford methyl 5-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate. 
     LCMS (method 1): 309 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.85 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ ppm 1.33 (t, J=7.15 Hz, 3H) 1.45 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 2.98-3.05 (m, 2H) 4.04 (s, 3H) 4.28-4.35 (m, 2H) 4.84 (s, 1H) 7.83 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.49 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H). 
     Step 2: Preparation of methyl 5-(cyanomethyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Methyl 5-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-(7.3 g, 24 mmol) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (70 mL). To this was added NaCl (14 g, 240 mmol) and water (35 mL) successively at room temperature. The resulting suspension was stirred for 3 hours at 125° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 50 mL of water and 100 mL of ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified over silica gel to afford methyl 5-(cyanomethyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate. 
     LCMS (method 1): 237 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.72 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ ppm 1.45 (t, J=7.52 Hz, 3H) 3.01 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 3.87 (s, 2H) 4.04 (s, 3H) 7.72 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.35-8.41 (m, 1H). 
     Step 3: Preparation of methyl 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Methyl 5-(cyanomethyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate (5 g, 21.16 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (170 mL) and treated with cesium carbonate (20.7 g, 63.48 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (2.19 mL, 25.39 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred 3h 30 hours at 80° C. and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product which was purified by chromatography to afford methyl 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate. 
     LCMS (method 1): 263 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.85 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ ppm 1.45 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.54-1.62 (m, 2H) 1.89-1.96 (m, 2H) 3.01 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 4.02 (s, 3H) 7.74 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.17 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H). 
     Step 4: Preparation of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Methyl 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylate (2.63 g, 10.0 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (50 mL) and water (15 mL). Then lithium hydroxide (0.375 g, 15.0 mmol) was added and reaction was stirred one night at rt. After this time, a further portion of lithium hydroxide (0.160 g, 7.0 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for a further 2 hours at RT. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. Aqueous HCl 1 M was added and the aqueous layer (pH 1) was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. 
     LCMS (method 1): 249 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.67 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d Solvent) δ ppm 1.26 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.70-1.78 (m, 2H) 1.83-1.92 (m, 2H) 3.03 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 7.63 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.37 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 13.16-13.40 (m, 1H). 
     Step 5. Preparation of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-4-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 0.8055 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) and N,N-dimethylformamide (10.0 μL) was added. In this suspension, oxalyl dichloride (0.118 mL, 1.369 mmol,) was added dropwise via syringe. The resulting yellowish suspension was stirred at room temperature. After 1.5h, reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride. The fresh 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (250 mg, 0.9370 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (12 mL) and N,N-diethylethanamine (0.27 mL, 1.933 mmol) was added dropwise N3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-3,4-diamine (651 mg, 3.222 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane (12 mL) was then added at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured into water (20 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3×20 ml). The combined extracts were washed with brine (30 ml), dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford N-[4-amino-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-yl]-5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide 
     LCMS (method 2): retention time: 1.04 min, 423 (M+H) + . 
     Step 6: Preparation of 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-4-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (240 mg, 0.5682 mmol) and glacial acetic acid (3 mL) were mixed and stirred one night at reflux and then cooled to room temperature. Acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure and the residue obtained was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and basified using aqueous bicarbonate-solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 ml) and the combined organic layer were dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile. 
     LCMS (method 2): retention time: 1.05 min, (M+H) +  405. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.34-1.46 (m, 1H) 1.38 (s, 2H) 1.62-1.66 (m, 2H) 1.89-2.02 (m, 2H) 2.97-3.10 (m, 2H) 4.26 (s, 3H) 7.76-7.84 (m, 1H) 8.22-8.27 (m, 1H) 8.34-8.41 (m, 1H). 
     Step 7: Preparation of 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Table P, Example P10) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (120 mg, 0.2967 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (6 mL). Then ammonium carbamate (46 mg, 0.5935 mmol) and (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (243 mg, 0.7418 mmol) were added at room temperature. The suspension obtained became a solution after a few minutes and was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3×20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 ml), dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography over silica gel using methanol and dichloromethane to afford the 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile. 
     LCMS (method 2): retention time: 0.85 min, 436.36 (M+H) + . 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.14-1.32 (m, 3H) 1.25-1.32 (m, 2H) 1.37-1.44 (m, 3H) 1.67-1.77 (m, 2H) 2.03-2.12 (m, 1H) 2.06-2.10 (m, 1H) 2.11 (br dd, J=3.48, 2.38 Hz, 1H) 2.68-2.84 (m, 1H) 3.71-3.81 (m, 1H) 3.84-3.94 (m, 1H) 4.00-4.14 (m, 3H) 8.18 (s, 1H) 8.36 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 9.04 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 
     Example H2. Preparation of 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P6, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Preparation of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[2-(methylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2.4 g, 9.7 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). N,N-dimethylformamide (10.0 μL) was added followed by the addition of oxalyl dichloride (1 mL, 12 mmol) dropwise via syringe. The resulting yellowish suspension was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour then the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (30 ml) and added to a solution of N2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2,3-diamine (1.8 g, 9.7 mmol) and N,N-diethylethanamine (3.3 mL, 23 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane (75 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred 30′ at 0° C. then 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was treated with NH 4 Cl sat sol and diluted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[2-(methylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide as crude which was used in the next step without further purification. 
     LCMS (method 1): 422 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.03 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.48 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.58-1.63 (m, 2H) 1.93-1.99 (m, 2H) 3.01 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 3.09 (d, J=4.77 Hz, 3H) 5.02 (br d, J=4.03 Hz, 1H) 7.71 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 7.94 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.16 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.36 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 9.53-9.60 (m, 1H). 
     Step 2: Preparation of 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[2-(methylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (4.2 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL) and the resulting solution was stirred 18 hours at 110° C. Acetic acid was removed by in vacuo and the crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile, Mp 142-144° C. 
     LCMS (method 1): 404 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.07 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.59-1.64 (m, 2H) 1.90-1.97 (m, 2H) 3.03 (q, J=7.46 Hz, 2H) 4.07 (s, 3H) 7.77 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.35 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.42 (d, J=1.47 Hz, 1H) 8.73-8.78 (m, 1H). 
     Step 3: Preparation of 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile ((Example P6, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Sulfoximine formation analogous to Example H1, Step 7. 
     LCMS (method 1): 435 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.87 min. 
       1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.44 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.75-1.80 (m, 2H) 2.02-2.08 (m, 2H) 3.94 (s, 3H) 3.94-4.26 (m, 2H) 8.33 (d, J=1.47 Hz, 1H) 8.39 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.79 (d, J=1.47 Hz, 1H) 9.06-9.09 (m, 1H). 
     Example H3: Preparation of 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P8, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Preparation of N-[4-bromo-6-(difluoromethyl)-1-methoxy-2-oxo-3-pyridyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of 4-bromo-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one (5.0 g, 16.61 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (7.09 mL, 49.82 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature and then concentrated in vacuo. Water (100 mL), then an aqueous saturated potassium carbonate solution (50 mL) were added and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified over silica gel to afford pure N-[4-bromo-6-(difluoromethyl)-1-methoxy-2-oxo-3-pyridyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide. 
     This material was used in the next step without further purification. 
     LCMS (method 5): 397/399 (M+H) + , retention time 0.96 min.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 3.27 (s, 3H), 4.16 (s, 3H), 6.84 (s, 1H). 
     Step 2: Preparation of N-[4-azido-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of N-[4-bromo-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide (11.8 g, 29.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (110 mL) was added sodium azide (2.9 g, 44.6 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The above reaction was separately duplicated, then the combined reaction mixtures were diluted with cold water (500 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo below 40° C. to afford N-[4-azido-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide. This material was used in the next step without further purification. 
     LCMS (method 5): 360 (M+H) + , retention time 0.90 min.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 3.23 (s, 3H), 4.15 (s, 3H), 6.40 (s, 1H). 
     Step 3: Preparation of 4-azido-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of N-[4-azido-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide (4.6 g, 13.0 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) was added potassium carbonate (4.7 g, 33.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted with water (150 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×75 mL), the combined organic layers washed with brine (150 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on silica gel (40% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to afford 4-azido-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one (2.2 g, 8.4 mmol). 
     LCMS (method E): 264 (M+H) + , retention time 0.94 min.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 3.18 (s, 3H), 4.11 (s, 3H), 6.46 (s, 1H). 
     Step 4: Preparation of 4-amino-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of 4-azido-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one (1.7 g, 6.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane (50 mL) and water (5 mL) at room temperature was added triphenylphosphine (5.1 g, 19 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. A 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (9 mL, 18 mmol, 2 mol/L) was added and stirring continued overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and quenched using an aqueous saturated potassium carbonate solution (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×75 mL), the combined organic layers washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica gel (50-60% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to afford 4-amino-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one. 
     LCMS (method 5): 238 (M+H) + , retention time 0.18 min.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 2.60 (s, 3H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 5.75 (s, 2H), 6.42 (s, 1H). 
     Step 5: Preparation of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide and N-[4-amino-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (isomeric mixture) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a suspension of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (400 mg, 1.61 mmol) in dichloromethane (16 mL) were added a catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylformamide (2 drops) and oxalyl chloride (3.22 mmol, 0.287 mL) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours and the solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride. 
     A solution of above 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (428 mg, 1.60 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofurane (20 mL) was added slowly to a mixture of 4-amino-1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-one (456.6 mg, 1.92 mmol) and triethylamine (0.678 mL, 4.81 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane (9.6 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then quenched with water and extracted with dichloromethane (100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to afford the desired isomeric mixture of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide and N-[4-amino-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (750 mg, 1.60 mmol). This material was used in the next step without further purification. 
     LCMS (method 5): 468 (M+H) + , retention time 0.86 min. 
     Step 6: Preparation of 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of above isomeric mixture of 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-[1-methoxy-3-(methylamino)-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide and N-[4-amino-1-methoxy-2-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (750 mg, 1.60 mmol) in acetic acid (4.8 mL) was heated to 100° C. for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL), the combined organic layers washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (40% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to afford the desired product 1-[5-ethylsulfanyl-6-[5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (350 mg) as a solid. LCMS (method E): 450 (M+H) + , retention time 1.03 min. 
       1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.37 (t, 3H), 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 3.01 (q, 2H), 4.20 (s, 3H), 4.21 (s, 3H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H). 
     Step 7: Preparation of 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[5-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P8, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Sulfoximine formation analogous to Example H1, Step 7. 
     LCMS (method 5): 481 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.85 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.14 (t, J=7.40 Hz, 3H) 1.83-1.94 (m, 2H) 1.97-2.06 (m, 2H) 3.44-3.66 (m, 2H) 3.86 (s, 3H) 4.12 (s, 3H) 4.56 (s, 1H) 7.41 (s, 1H) 8.38 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.90 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H). 
     Example H4: Preparation of 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P9, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Preparation of N-[4-amino-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-3-pyridyl]-4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-benzamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Under argon, 4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoic acid (prepared as described in patent WO 2016/120182 (1.96 g, 7.51 mmol)) was suspended in dichloromethane (30 mL) and 2 drops of DMF were added. oxalyl dichloride (1.24 g, 0.851 mL, 9.76 mmol) was added dropwise and gas evolution was observed. The mixture was stirred 4 hours at room temperature and then concentrated in vacuo to give 4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoyl chloride as product of the first step. Under argon, the crude 4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoyl chloride (2.07 g, 7.39 mmol) freshly prepared, was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (20 mL) and N3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,4-diamine prepared as described in patent WO 2016/169886 (1.50 g, 6.72 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred one night at room temperature then 8 hours at 70° C. Sodium bicarbonate and water were added after cooling at room temperature. The aqueous layer was extracted 2 times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a mixture containing N-[4-amino-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-3-pyridyl]-4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-benzamide. 
     LCMS (method 1): 450 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.14 min. 
     Step 2: Preparation of 2-(4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo [4,5-c]pyridine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     N-[4-amino-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-3-pyridyl]-4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-N-methyl-benzamide (3.4 g, 5.1 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (51 mL). The resulting solution was stirred one night at 120° C. and then cooled down at room temperature. Acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure and the crude was purified by chromatography over silica gel The mixture obtained was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo [4,5-c]pyridine. 
     LCMS (method 1): 450 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.14 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.29 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 2.92 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 3.79 (s, 3H) 7.32 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 7.50 (dd, J=8.07, 1.83 Hz, 1H) 7.61 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.15-8.17 (m, 1H) 8.90 (d, J=1.10 Hz, 1H). 
     Step 3: Preparation of 4-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]isoxazole 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     DMSO (1.11 mL) and water (0.53 mL) were added in a microwave vial under argon and the solution was purged with argon for 5 min. Then 2-(4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (0.2 g, 0.446 mmol), 4-isoxazoleboronic acid pinacol ester (0.104 g, 0.535 mmol) and potassium fluoride (0.077 g, 1.33 mmol) were added. 
     Dichloropalladium;triphenylphosphane (0.0031 g, 0.0044 mmol) was added, the resulting mixture was purged with argon for 5 min, stirred for 40 min at 90° C. in a micro wave system, cooled down at room temperature and then poured in ice-water. The aqueous layer was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. Then the milky aqueous layer was filtered and the solid obtained was dissolved in dichloromethane and added to the organic layer. The combined organic layers was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The oil obtained was washed with water. The precipitate formed in water was filtered then dissolved in dichloromethane again and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to afford 4-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]isoxazole, which was used as such for the next step. 
     LCMS (method 1): 437 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.95 min. 
     Step 4: Preparation of 2-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]acetonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     4-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]isoxazole (236 mg, 0.3785 mmol, 70 mass %) was dissolved in methanol (2 mL) and water (1.14 mL), and potassium fluoride (1.14 mL, 1.135 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 90° C. The dark red reaction mixture (suspension) was filtered, washed with dichloromethane and concentrated in vacuo. The crude was purified by chromatography over silica gel column to afford 2-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]acetonitrile. 
     LCMS (method 1): 409 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.98 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.29 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 4H) 2.93 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 3.80 (s, 3H) 3.89 (s, 2H) 7.34 (dd, J=7.89, 1.65 Hz, 1H) 7.47-7.48 (m, 1H) 7.48-7.51 (m, 1H) 8.16-8.18 (m, 1H) 8.92 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H). 
     Step 5: Preparation of 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (0.108 g, 0.2644 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (1.322 mL). Then dicesium carbonate (0.2584 g, 0.7931 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (0.1490 g, 0.0683 mL, 0.7931 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred under microwave system at 100° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed several times with water and brine. Organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified chromatography over silica gel to afford 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile. 
     LCMS (method 1): 435 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.04 min. 
       1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.28 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 4H) 1.55 (br d, J=2.20 Hz, 2H) 1.86-1.91 (m, 2H) 2.93 (q, J=7.58 Hz, 2H) 3.79 (s, 3H) 7.17 (dd, J=7.89, 2.02 Hz, 1H) 7.44-7.47 (m, 1H) 7.52 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.16 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 8.91 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H). 
     Step 6: Synthesis of 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P9, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Sulfoximine formation carried out as described in Example H1, step 7. 
     LCMS (method 1): 466 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.86 min. 
     Example H5: Synthesis of 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P13, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Preparation of 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine prepared as described in patent WO 2016/030229 (0.5 g, 1.201 mmol), Pd 2 dba 3  (0.056 g, 0.060 mmol) and BINAP (0.077 g, 0.120 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane (1.2 mL) were added cyclopropanecarbonitrile (0.090 g, 1.32 mmol) and cyclopropylmethylether (1.20 mL) under argon atmosphere at rt. The mixture was cooled down at −25° C. and Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.3 mL, 1.321 mmol) was added dropwise at −25° C., under argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. After cooling at room temperature, the mixture was filtered over a pad of celite which was washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was washed with water. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile. 
     LCMS (method 1): 403 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.00 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.27 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.52-1.57 (m, 2H) 1.86-1.91 (m, 2H) 2.91 (q, J=7.46 Hz, 2H) 3.82 (s, 3H) 7.18 (dd, J=8.07, 1.83 Hz, 1H) 7.46 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 7.52 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.14 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 8.95 (s, 1H). 
     Step 2: Synthesis of 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P13, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The desired product was prepared using the standard procedure described step 7, example H1. 
     LCMS (method 1): 434 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.83 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.28 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.63-1.68 (m, 2H) 1.96-2.01 (m, 2H) 3.42-3.62 (m, 2H) 3.75 (s, 3H) 7.56 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 7.89 (dd, J=7.89, 2.02 Hz, 1H) 8.05 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.10 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 8.93-8.96 (m, 1H). 
     Example H5: Synthesis of 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P15, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Synthesis of methyl 2-ethylsulfanyl-4-isoxazol-4-yl-benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of methyl 4-bromo-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate (WO 2016/023954) (250 mg, 0.91 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (8 mL) under argon were added water (4 mL), 4-isoxazoleboronic acid pinacol ester (213 mg, 1.09 mmol) and potassium fluoride (158 mg, 2.73 mmol). The thick reaction mixture was purged with argon for 5 minutes, then bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (6.4 mg, 0.009 mmol) was added. The vial was sealed and the mixture stirred in the microwave at 90° C. for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured onto iced-water, and the resulting yellowish suspension filtered and washed with cold water. This solid was dissolved in dichlormethane, the solution dried over sodium sulfate and reduced to dryness under vacuum to afford methyl 2-ethylsulfanyl-4-isoxazol-4-yl-benzoate as a yellowish solid. This material was used in the next step without further purification. 
     LCMS (method 1): 262 (M−H)−, retention time 0.88 min. 
     Step 2: Synthesis of methyl 4-(cyanomethyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of methyl 2-ethylsulfanyl-4-isoxazol-4-yl-benzoate (760 mg, 2.89 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was added a 1 M potassium fluoride solution in water (8.66 mL, 8.66 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 hours. After cooling, the suspension was filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Combiflash over silicagel to afford methyl 4-(cyano-methyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate as a gum. 
     LCMS (method 5): 236 (M+H) + , retention time 0.90 min. 
       1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.42 (t, 3H), 2.99 (q, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 7.10 (dd, 1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.99 (d, 1H). 
     Step 3: Synthesis of methyl 4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of methyl 4-(cyano-methyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate (300 mg, 1.275 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) were added cesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.825 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (719 mg, 3.825 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 90 minutes. After cooling, the suspension was filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Combiflash over silicagel to afford methyl 4-(cyano-methyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate as an oil. 
     LCMS (method 1): 262 (M+H) + , retention time 0.98 min.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.43 (t, 3H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 2H), 3.01 (q, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 6.88 (dd, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.94 (d, 1H). 
     Step 4: Synthesis of 4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of methyl 4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoate (198 mg, 0.758 mmol) in a mixture of tetrahydrofurane (9 mL) and water (3 mL) at 0-5° C. was added lithium hydroxide (1.5 eq., 1.137 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated in vacuo, the residue diluted with t-butyl methyl ether (10 mL) and acidified with a 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (10 mL). The organic layer was separated, the aqueous layer extracted with t-butyl methyl ether, the combined organic layers washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoic acid as a solid. This material was used in the next step without further purification. 
     LCMS (method 5): 246 (M−H)−, retention time 0.83 min.  1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.44 (t, 3H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 3.03 (q, 2H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 8.10 (d, 1H). 
     Step 5 Preparation of 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     4-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-2-ethylsulfanyl-benzoic acid (1.7 g, 6.9 mmol) was dissolved in nitrobenzene (14 mL) and N2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2,3-diamine (WO 2017/043342) (1.6 g, 1.2 equiv) was added follow by the slow addition of phosphoryl chloride (1.6 mL, 17 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting solution was heated at 120° C. for 7 hours monitored by TLC and LC-MS. Reaction mass was quenched with 30% sodium hydroxide solution and water (100 mL) was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography to afford 1-[3-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile. 
     LCMS (method 2): 403 (M+H) + ; retention time: 1.18 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.26 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.44-1.61 (m, 2H) 1.80-1.92 (m, 2H) 2.91 (q, J=7.42 Hz, 2H) 3.78 (s, 3H) 7.16 (dd, J=8.01, 1.77 Hz, 1H) 7.44 (d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H) 7.50 (s, 1H) 8.33 (s, 1H) 8.72 (s, 1H). 
     Step 6: Preparation of 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile (Example P15. Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The desired product was prepared using the standard procedure described in example H1, step 7. 
     LCMS (method 1): 434 (M+H) + ; retention time: 0.88 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.28 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 4H) 1.63-1.68 (m, 2H) 1.96-2.01 (m, 2H) 3.41-3.62 (m, 2H) 3.75 (s, 3H) 7.56 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H) 7.89 (dd, J=7.89, 2.02 Hz, 1H) 8.05 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.10 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 1H) 8.94-8.97 (m, 1H). 
     Example H6: Synthesis of [5-cyclopropyl-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane (Example P16, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1. Preparation of 2-bromo-1-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)ethanone 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A sample of 1-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)ethanone (preparation described in WO 2016/071214 (1 g, 3.8439 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (3 mL) and chloroform (3 mL). Dibromocopper (1.7171 g, 7.6879 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. and stirred for 22 hours, after which time LC-MS showed reaction completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and with dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue obtained was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 2-bromo-1-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)ethanone. 
     LCMS (method 1): retention time 1.10 min; 339/341 (M+H) + . 
       1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ ppm 1.28 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 3.06 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 4.93 (s, 2H) 8.11 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.58-8.60 (m, 1H). 
     Step 2: Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In a three neck flask fitted with reflux condenser, 2-bromo-1-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)ethanone (0.50 g, 1.5 mmol) and 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-amine (CAS [1211591-88-6]) (0.27 g, 1.5 mmol) were suspended in acetonitrile (11 mL) and magnesium oxide (0.12 g, 2.9 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 90° C. and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed once with NaHCO3 sat. sol. The organic layer was pre-dried with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine. 
     LCMS (method 1): retention time 1.15 min; 403/405 (M+H) + . 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 1.44 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 3.04 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 7.82 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.33-8.39 (m, 1H) 8.57 (dd, J=3.85, 2.02 Hz, 2H) 8.81-8.86 (m, 1H). 
     Step 3: Preparation of 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In a 100 ml-3-necked flask toluene (14 mL) and water (0.69 mL) was placed and flushed with argon 5 min. Under argon, 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (0.30 g, 0.74 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (0.087 g, 0.97 mmol), tripotassium phosphate (0.58 g, 2.6 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphane (0.022 g, 0.074 mmol) and Palladium (II) acetate (0.0084 g, 0.050 eq, 0.037 mmol) were added. The brown reaction mixture was heated up to 110° C. and stirred one night. Then the mixture was cooled down at room temperature and water and ethyl acetate were added. The resulting mixture was filtered over celite and celite cake was washed by ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine. 
     LCMS (method 1): retention time 1.08 min; 365 (M+H) + . 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 0.81-0.86 (m, 2H) 1.09-1.16 (m, 2H) 1.39 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H) 1.94-2.03 (m, 1H) 3.00 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2H) 7.36-7.39 (m, 1H) 8.33 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H) 8.33 (s, 1H) 8.54 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.83-8.86 (m, 1H). 
     Step 4: Preparation of [5-cyclopropyl-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane ((Example P16, Table P).) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (0.07 g, 0.1921 mmol) was suspended in methanol (0.5763 mL) and PhI(OAc) 2  (0.1894 g, 0.5763 mmol) and ammonium carbamate (0.03826 g, 0.4802 mmol) were added at room temperature. The reaction was stirred at room temperature and after 45 min, was quenched with iced water and sodium thiosulfate. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with acetate d&#39;ethyl. The organic layers were combined washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under. The crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford [5-cyclopropyl-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-X 6 -sulfane. 
     LCMS (method 1): retention time 0.87 min; 396 (M+H) + . 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform) δ ppm 0.89-0.95 (m, 2H) 1.18-1.25 (m, 2H) 1.36 (t, J=7.52 Hz, 3H) 2.08 (tt, J=8.44, 5.14 Hz, 1H) 3.21-3.37 (br s, 1H) 3.71-3.98 (m, 2H) 8.19 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.26-8.29 (m, 1H) 8.58 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.64 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1H) 8.71-8.74 (m, 1H). 
     Example H7: Synthesis of [5-cyclopropyl-2-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane (Example P7, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Step 1: Preparation of 2,5-dibromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of diethyldisulfide (7.76 g, 63.5 mmol, 2.00 equiv.) and tert-butyl nitrite (4.91 g, 47.6 mmol, 1.50 equiv.) in DCE (60 mL) and DCM (40 mL) was heated to 40° C. To this mixture was slowly added a solution of 2,5-dibromopyridin-3-amine (8.00 g, 31.7 mmol, 1.00 equiv.) in dichloroethane (200 mL) slowly over 90 min and the reaction mixture was stirred for additional 1 h at 40° C. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mass was cooled, diluted with water (100 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (2×100 mL). The organic layer was separated, combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 5-15% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane) to afford 2,5-dibromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine. 
     LCMS (method 4): 296 (M+H) + , retention time 1.16 min. 
       1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ/ppm: 1.32 (t, 3H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 7.52 (s, 1H) 8.19 (s, 1H). 
     Step 2: Preparation of (5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)hydrazine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of 2,5-dibromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-pyridine (1 g, 3.3669 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10.34 g) hydrazine monohydrate (1.0113 g, 20.201 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 10 hours. After completion of reaction, the mixture was diluted with water (30 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 ml), dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford (5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)hydrazine. 
     LCMS: 250 (M+H) + , retention time 0.6 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.26 (t, 3H) 2.81 (q, 2H) 3.10 (br 2H) 6.67 (br s, 1H) 7.65 (d, 1H) 8.15 (d, 1H). 
     Step 3: Preparation of 4-[2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)hydrazino]-6-(trifluoro methyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     4-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (CAS [1060810-66-3]) (20 g, 88.672 mmol), (5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)hydrazine (33.005 g, 133.01 mmol) and pentan-1-ol (120 mL) were mixed and the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 15 hours. After completion of reaction, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove all of the pentanol. The residue obtained was co-evaporated with toluene. The crude product was diluted with water (100 ml), brine (100 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×200 ml). The combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The solid obtained was triturated with cyclohexane to afford 4-[2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)hydrazino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid. 
     LCMS (method 5): retention time 1.50 min, 439 (M+2) + . 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 1.26 (t, 3H) 3.05 (q, 2H) 7.16 (s, 1H) 7.89 (d, 1H) 8.11 (d, 1H) 8.77 (s, 1H) 8.88 (s, 1H) 9.83 (s, 1H) 13.38-14.36 (m, 1H). 
     Step 4: Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-3-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     4-[2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)hydrazino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (22.87 mmol, 10 g) was solved in phosphorus oxychloride (100 mL) and the resulting mixture was heated at 110° C. The clear solution obtained at 110° C. was refluxed for 50 min. After completion of reaction, the mixture was concentrated (phosphorus oxychloride distilled off under reduced pressure) and the reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (110 ml) poured into ice water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with dichlormethane (2×100 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with water (200 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography over silica gel to afford 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-3-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine. 
     LCMS: 437 (M+H) + , retention time 1.21 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.34 (m, 3H) 2.85 (m, 2H) 7.92 (S, 2H) 8.02 (m, 1H) 8.60 (m, 1H) 9.32 (m, 1H). 
     Step 5: Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-3-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (0.2 mmol, 0.1 g) was solved in acetic acid (2 mL) and zinc (0.5 mmol, 0.03 g) was added slowly to the mixture. The reaction mass was stirred at 55° C. for 40 min. The reaction was monitored by LCMS &amp; TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water (30 ml), and the resultant solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 ml×3). The combined organic layer was washed with aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution (30 ml), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine. 
     H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.29 (m, 4H) 2.95 (m, 2H) 7.85 (m, 1H) 8.35 (m, 1H) 8.38 (d, 1H) 8.95 (m, 1H) 9.44 (m, 1H). 
     LCMS: retention time 1.6 min, 403 (M+H) + . 
     Step 6: Preparation of 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In a microwave vial were added 2-(5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (0.1 g, 0.2 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (0.03 g., 0.3 mmol), tripotassium phosphate (0.2 g, 0.9 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphane (0.007 g, 0.02 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction mass was purged with nitrogen for 30 min. To this was then added palladium(II) acetate (0.003 g., 0.01 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 150° C. under microwave for 4 hours. Then at room temperature, reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (20 ml), dried organic layer over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The compound was isolated by chromatography over silica gel to afford 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine. 
     LCMS: 365 (M+H) + , retention time 1.12 min. 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 0.86 (m, 2H) 1.13 (br, 2H) 1.23 (m, 4H) 2.90 (q, 2H) 7.47 (d, 1H) 8.13 (m, 2H) 8.94 (s, 1H) 9.40 (m, 1H). 
     Step 7: Synthesis of [5-cyclopropyl-2-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane Example P7, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The desired product was prepared in using the standard method described in example H1, Step 7. 
     LCMS (method 5): retention time 0.94 min, 396 (M+H) + . 
     1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.25 (m, 4H) 1.44 (m, 3H) 2.16 (m, 1H) 3.87 (m, 2H) 8.06 (s, 1H) 8.29 (d, 1H) 8.56 (d, 1H) 8.87 (d, 1H) 9.40 (s, 1H). 
     Example H8: Synthesis of [5-cyclopropyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane (Example P18, Table P) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The desired product was prepared by using the standard method described in Example H1, Step 7 starting from 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzoxazole (known from WO19/009307). 
     LCMS (method 5): 428 (M+H) + , retention time: 1.03 min. 
     Further compounds of the invention can be prepared analogously to the method described above. Compounds prepared to further illustrate the invention are listed in Table P. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 [M + H] 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 RT 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Entry 
                 IUPAC name 
                 STRUCTURE 
                 (min) 
                 (measured) 
                 Method 
                 MP °C 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 P1 
                 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[7- methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl] cyclopropanecarboxamide 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.87 
                 454 
                 5 
                 253-255 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P2 
                 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3- methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl] cyclopropanecarboxamide 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.88 
                 452 
                 5 
                 235-237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P3 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3- pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 - sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.91 
                 474 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P4 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethylsulfanyl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-3- pyridyl]-ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 - sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.90 
                 442 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P5 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.85 
                 411 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P6 
                 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[3- methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.87 
                 435 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P7 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.94 
                 396 
                 5 
                 75-77 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P8 
                 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[5- methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxo-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.85 
                 481 
                 5 
                 163-165 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P9 
                 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3- methyl-6- (trifluoromethylsulfanyl) imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2- yl]phenyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.86 
                 466 
                 1 
                 191-193 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P10 
                 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[7- methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.82 
                 436 
                 5 
                 182-184 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P11 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[7-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridazin-6-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.84 
                 411 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P12 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.89 
                 410 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P13 
                 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3- methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.83 
                 434 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P14 
                 1-[6-[5-ethyl-3-methyl-4-oxo- 6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-2-yl]-5- (ethylsulfonimidoyl)-3-pyridyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.92 
                 479 
                 5 
                 176-178 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P15 
                 1-[3-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-4-[3- methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-2-yl]phenyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.88 
                 434 
                 1 
                 117-117 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P16 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[7- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.87 
                 396 
                 1 
                 119-121 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P17 
                 1-[5-(ethylsulfonimidoyl)-6-[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridin-2-yl]-3-pyridyl] cyclopropanecarbonitrile 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 0.91 
                 421 
                 5 
                 170-172 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P18 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[5- (trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-l ,3- benzoxazol-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1.03 
                 428 
                 5 
                 224-226 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 P19 
                 [5-cyclopropyl-2-[5- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-l ,3- benzoxazol-2-yl]-3-pyridyl]- ethyl-imino-oxo-λ 6 -sulfane 
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1.10 
                 460 
                 5 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The activity of the compositions according to the invention can be broadened considerably, and adapted to prevailing circumstances, by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients. The mixtures of the compounds of formula I with other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients may also have further surprising advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance by plants, reduced phytotoxicity, insects can be controlled in their different development stages or better behaviour during their production, for example during grinding or mixing, during their storage or during their use. Suitable additions to active ingredients here are, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, neonicotinoids and  Bacillus thuringiensis  preparations. 
     The following mixtures of the compounds of formula I with active ingredients are preferred (the abbreviation “TX” means “one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds described in Tables Y-1 to Y-8, X-1 to X-8, U-1 to U-2 and V-1 to V-6 and Table P of the present invention”): 
     an adjuvant selected from the group of substances consisting of petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, 
     an acaricide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol (IUPAC name) (910)+TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1059)+TX, 2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide (IUPAC name) (1295)+TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone (IUPAC name) (981)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acequinocyl (3)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX, amidoflumet [CCN]+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, aramite (881)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azobenzene (IUPAC name) (888)+TX, azocyclotin (46)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, benoxafos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, benzoximate (71)+TX, benzyl benzoate (IUPAC name) [CCN]+TX, bifenazate (74)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, binapacryl (907)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX, bromopropylate (94)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbophenothion (947)+TX, CGA 50′439 (development code) (125)+TX, chinomethionat (126)+TX, chlorbenside (959)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX, chlorfenethol (968)+TX, chlorfenson (970)+TX, chlorfensulfide (971)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorobenzilate (975)+TX, chloromebuform (977)+TX, chloromethiuron (978)+TX, chloropropylate (983)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, cinerin 1 (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, clofentezine (158)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX, cufraneb (1013)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyflumetofen (CAS Reg. No.: 400882-07-7)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cyhexatin (199)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, DCPM (1032)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S(1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S(1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulfon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dimpropyridaz+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dichlofluanid (230)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dicofol (242)+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dienochlor (1071)+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinobuton (269)+TX, dinocap (270)+TX, dinocap-4 [CCN]+TX, dinocap-6 [CCN]+TX, dinocton (1090)+TX, dinopenton (1092)+TX, dinosulfon (1097)+TX, dinoterbon (1098)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, diphenyl sulfone (IUPAC name) (1103)+TX, disulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, disulfoton (278)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, dofenapyn (1113)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, etoxazole (320)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenazaquin (328)+TX, fenbutatin oxide (330)+TX, fenothiocarb (337)+TX, fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fenpyroximate (345)+TX, fenson (1157)+TX, fentrifanil (1161)+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, fluacry-pyrim (360)+TX, fluazuron (1166)+TX, flubenzimine (1167)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluorbenside (1174)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, glyodin (1205)+TX, halfenprox (424)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1216)+TX, hexythiazox (441)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin 1 (696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mesulfen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, NC-512 (compound code)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nikkomycins (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp′-DDT (219)+TX, parathion (615)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phoxim (642)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX, polynactins (alternative name) (653)+TX, proclonol (1350)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, propargite (671)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur (678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, pyrethrin I (696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben (699)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, RA-17 (development code) (1383)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spirodiclofen (738)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, SSI-121 (development code) (1404)+TX, sulfiram (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulfur (754)+TX, SZI-121 (development code) (757)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX, tetradifon (786)+TX, tetranactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, tetrasul (1425)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thioquinox (1436)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, triamiphos (1441)+TX, triarathene (1443)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, trinactin (alternative name) (653)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN] and YI-5302 (compound code)+TX, an algicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bethoxazin [CCN]+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX, cybutryne [CCN]+TX, dichlone (1052)+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX, endothal (295)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, hydrated lime [CCN]+TX, nabam (566)+TX, quinoclamine (714)+TX, quinonamid (1379)+TX, simazine (730)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX, 
     an anthelmintic selected from the group of substances consisting of abamectin (1)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, piperazine [CCN]+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737) and thiophanate (1435)+TX, 
     an avicide selected from the group of substances consisting of chloralose (127)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23) and strychnine (745)+TX, a bactericide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione (IUPAC name) (1222)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, bronopol (97)+TX, copper dioctanoate (IUPAC name) (170)+TX, copper hydroxide (IUPAC name) (169)+TX, cresol [CCN]+TX, dichlorophen (232)+TX, dipyrithione (1105)+TX, dodicin (1112)+TX, fenaminosulf (1144)+TX, formaldehyde (404)+TX, hydrargaphen (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kasugamycin (483)+TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (483)+TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) (IUPAC name) (1308)+TX, nitrapyrin (580)+TX, octhilinone (590)+TX, oxolinic acid (606)+TX, oxytetracycline (611)+TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446)+TX, probenazole (658)+TX, streptomycin (744)+TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate (744)+TX, tecloftalam (766)+TX, and thiomersal (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, 
     a biological agent selected from the group of substances consisting of  Adoxophyes orana  GV (alternative name) (12)+TX,  Agrobacterium radiobacter  (alternative name) (13)+TX,  Amblyseius  spp. (alternative name) (19)+TX,  Anagrapha falcifera  NPV (alternative name) (28)+TX,  Anagrus atomus  (alternative name) (29)+TX,  Aphelinus abdominalis  (alternative name) (33)+TX,  Aphidius colemani  (alternative name) (34)+TX,  Aphidoletes aphidimyza  (alternative name) (35)+TX,  Autographa californica  NPV (alternative name) (38)+TX,  Bacillus firmus  (alternative name) (48)+TX,  Bacillus sphaericus  Neide (scientific name) (49)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  Berliner (scientific name) (51)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp.  aizawai  (scientific name) (51)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp.  israelensis  (scientific name) (51)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp.  japonensis  (scientific name) (51)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp.  kurstaki  (scientific name) (51)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp.  tenebrionis  (scientific name) (51)+TX,  Beauveria bassiana  (alternative name) (53)+TX,  Beauveria brongniartii  (alternative name) (54)+TX,  Chrysoperla carnea  (alternative name) (151)+TX,  Cryptolaemus montrouzieri  (alternative name) (178)+TX,  Cydia pomonella  GV (alternative name) (191)+TX,  Dacnusa sibirica  (alternative name) (212)+TX,  Diglyphus isaea  (alternative name) (254)+TX,  Encarsia formosa  (scientific name) (293)+TX,  Eretmocerus eremicus  (alternative name) (300)+TX,  Helicoverpa zea  NPV (alternative name) (431)+TX,  Heterorhabditis bacteriophora  and  H. megidis  (alternative name) (433)+TX,  Hippodamia convergens  (alternative name) (442)+TX,  Leptomastix dactylopii  (alternative name) (488)+TX,  Macrolophus caliginosus  (alternative name) (491)+TX,  Mamestra brassicae  NPV (alternative name) (494)+TX,  Metaphycus helvolus  (alternative name) (522)+TX,  Metarhizium anisopliae  var.  acridum  (scientific name) (523)+TX,  Metarhizium anisopliae  var.  anisopliae  (scientific name) (523)+TX,  Neodiprion sertifer  NPV and  N. lecontei  NPV (alternative name) (575)+TX,  Orius  spp. (alternative name) (596)+TX,  Paecilomyces fumosoroseus  (alternative name) (613)+TX,  Phytoseiulus persimilis  (alternative name) (644)+TX,  Spodoptera exigua  multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (scientific name) (741)+TX,  Steinernema bibionis  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema carpocapsae  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema feltiae  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema glaseri  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema riobrave  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema riobravis  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema scapterisci  (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Steinernema  spp. (alternative name) (742)+TX,  Trichogramma  spp. (alternative name) (826)+TX,  Typhlodromus occidentalis  (alternative name) (844) and  Verticillium lecanii  (alternative name) (848)+TX, 
     a soil sterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542) and methyl bromide (537)+TX, 
     a chemosterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of apholate [CCN]+TX, bisazir (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, busulfan (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dimatif (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, hemel [CCN]+TX, hempa [CCN]+TX, metepa [CCN]+TX, methiotepa [CCN]+TX, methyl apholate [CCN]+TX, morzid [CCN]+TX, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tepa [CCN]+TX, thiohempa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, thiotepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tretamine (alternative name) [CCN] and uredepa (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, 
     an insect pheromone selected from the group of substances consisting of (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (222)+TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (829)+TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol (IUPAC name) (541)+TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (779)+TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (285)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal (IUPAC name) (436)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (437)+TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (438)+TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one (IUPAC name) (448)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al (IUPAC name) (782)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol (IUPAC name) (783)+TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (784)+TX, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (283)+TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (780)+TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (781)+TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene (IUPAC name) (545)+TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one (IUPAC name) (544)+TX, alpha-multistriatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, brevicomin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlelure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, codlemone (alternative name) (167)+TX, cuelure (alternative name) (179)+TX, disparlure (277)+TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (286)+TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (287)+TX, dodeca-8+TX, 10-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (284)+TX, dominicalure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate (IUPAC name) (317)+TX, eugenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, frontalin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, gossyplure (alternative name) (420)+TX, grandlure (421)+TX, grandlure I (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure II (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure III (alternative name) (421)+TX, grandlure IV (alternative name) (421)+TX, hexalure [CCN]+TX, ipsdienol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ipsenol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, japonilure (alternative name) (481)+TX, lineatin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, litlure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, looplure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, medlure [CCN]+TX, megatomoic acid (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methyl eugenol (alternative name) (540)+TX, muscalure (563)+TX, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (588)+TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (589)+TX, orfralure (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, oryctalure (alternative name) (317)+TX, ostramone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, siglure [CCN]+TX, sordidin (alternative name) (736)+TX, sulcatol (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate (IUPAC name) (785)+TX, trimedlure (839)+TX, trimedlure A (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B 1  (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure B 2  (alternative name) (839)+TX, trimedlure C (alternative name) (839) and trunc-call (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, 
     an insect repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(octylthio)ethanol (IUPAC name) (591)+TX, butopyronoxyl (933)+TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) (936)+TX, dibutyl adipate (IUPAC name) (1046)+TX, dibutyl phthalate (1047)+TX, dibutyl succinate (IUPAC name) (1048)+TX, diethyltoluamide [CCN]+TX, dimethyl carbate [CCN]+TX, dimethyl phthalate [CCN]+TX, ethyl hexanediol (1137)+TX, hexamide [CCN]+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methylneodecanamide [CCN]+TX, oxamate [CCN] and picaridin [CCN]+TX, an insecticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-dichloro-1-nitroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1058)+TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane (IUPAC name) (1056), +TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (916)+TX, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (IUPAC name) (1451)+TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1066)+TX, 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1109)+TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (935)+TX, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1084)+TX, 2-(4-chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol (IUPAC name) (986)+TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate (IUPAC name) (984)+TX, 2-imidazolidone (IUPAC name) (1225)+TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1284)+TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate (IUPAC name) (1433)+TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene (IUPAC name) (917)+TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1283)+TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1285)+TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enyl dimethylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1085)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acephate (2)+TX, acetamiprid (4)+TX, acethion (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, acrinathrin (9)+TX, acrylonitrile (IUPAC name) (861)+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, aldrin (864)+TX, allethrin (17)+TX, allosamidin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, allyxycarb (866)+TX, alpha-cypermethrin (202)+TX, alpha-ecdysone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, amidithion (870)+TX, amidothioate (872)+TX, aminocarb (873)+TX, amiton (875)+TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875)+TX, amitraz (24)+TX, anabasine (877)+TX, athidathion (883)+TX, AVI 382 (compound code)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, azadirachtin (alternative name) (41)+TX, azamethiphos (42)+TX, azinphos-ethyl (44)+TX, azinphos-methyl (45)+TX, azothoate (889)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  delta endotoxins (alternative name) (52)+TX, barium hexafluorosilicate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, barium polysulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (892)+TX, barthrin [CCN]+TX, Bayer 22/190 (development code) (893)+TX, Bayer 22408 (development code) (894)+TX, bendiocarb (58)+TX, benfuracarb (60)+TX, bensultap (66)+TX, beta-cyfluthrin (194)+TX, beta-cypermethrin (203)+TX, bifenthrin (76)+TX, bioallethrin (78)+TX, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer (alternative name) (79)+TX, bioethanomethrin [CCN]+TX, biopermethrin (908)+TX, bioresmethrin (80)+TX, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (IUPAC name) (909)+TX, bistrifluron (83)+TX, borax (86)+TX, brofenvalerate (alternative name)+TX, bromfenvinfos (914)+TX, bromocyclen (918)+TX, bromo-DDT (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, bromophos (920)+TX, bromophos-ethyl (921)+TX, bufencarb (924)+TX, buprofezin (99)+TX, butacarb (926)+TX, butathiofos (927)+TX, butocarboxim (103)+TX, butonate (932)+TX, butoxycarboxim (104)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, calcium polysulfide (IUPAC name) (111)+TX, camphechlor (941)+TX, carbanolate (943)+TX, carbaryl (115)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (945)+TX, carbon tetrachloride (IUPAC name) (946)+TX, carbophenothion (947)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, cartap (123)+TX, cartap hydrochloride (123)+TX, cevadine (alternative name) (725)+TX, chlorbicyclen (960)+TX, chlordane (128)+TX, chlordecone (963)+TX, chlordimeform (964)+TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964)+TX, chlorethoxyfos (129)+TX, chlorfenapyr (130)+TX, chlorfenvinphos (131)+TX, chlorfluazuron (132)+TX, chlormephos (136)+TX, chloroform [CCN]+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorphoxim (989)+TX, chlorprazophos (990)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, chlorpyrifos-methyl (146)+TX, chlorthiophos (994)+TX, chromafenozide (150)+TX, cinerin I (696)+TX, cinerin II (696)+TX, cinerins (696)+TX, cis-resmethrin (alternative name)+TX, cismethrin (80)+TX, clocythrin (alternative name)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, closantel (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, clothianidin (165)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper arsenate [CCN]+TX, copper oleate [CCN]+TX, coumaphos (174)+TX, coumithoate (1006)+TX, crotamiton (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, crotoxyphos (1010)+TX, crufomate (1011)+TX, cryolite (alternative name) (177)+TX, CS 708 (development code) (1012)+TX, cyanofenphos (1019)+TX, cyanophos (184)+TX, cyanthoate (1020)+TX, cyclethrin [CCN]+TX, cycloprothrin (188)+TX, cyfluthrin (193)+TX, cyhalothrin (196)+TX, cypermethrin (201)+TX, cyphenothrin (206)+TX, cyromazine (209)+TX, cythioate (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-limonene (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, d-tetramethrin (alternative name) (788)+TX, DAEP (1031)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DDT (219)+TX, decarbofuran (1034)+TX, deltamethrin (223)+TX, demephion (1037)+TX, demephion-O (1037)+TX, demephion-S(1037)+TX, demeton (1038)+TX, demeton-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-O (1038)+TX, demeton-O-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S(1038)+TX, demeton-S-methyl (224)+TX, demeton-S-methylsulphon (1039)+TX, diafenthiuron (226)+TX, dialifos (1042)+TX, diamidafos (1044)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicapthon (1050)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dichlorvos (236)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dicresyl (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dicrotophos (243)+TX, dicyclanil (244)+TX, dieldrin (1070)+TX, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate (IUPAC name) (1076)+TX, diflubenzuron (250)+TX, dilor (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, dimefluthrin [CCN]+TX, dimefox (1081)+TX, dimetan (1085)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, dimethrin (1083)+TX, dimethylvinphos (265)+TX, dimetilan (1086)+TX, dinex (1089)+TX, dinex-diclexine (1089)+TX, dinoprop (1093)+TX, dinosam (1094)+TX, dinoseb (1095)+TX, dinotefuran (271)+TX, diofenolan (1099)+TX, dioxabenzofos (1100)+TX, dioxacarb (1101)+TX, dioxathion (1102)+TX, disulfoton (278)+TX, dithicrofos (1108)+TX, DNOC (282)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, DSP (1115)+TX, ecdysterone (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, EI 1642 (development code) (1118)+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, EMPC (1120)+TX, empenthrin (292)+TX, endosulfan (294)+TX, endothion (1121)+TX, endrin (1122)+TX, EPBP (1123)+TX, EPN (297)+TX, epofenonane (1124)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, esfenvalerate (302)+TX, etaphos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethiofencarb (308)+TX, ethion (309)+TX, ethiprole (310)+TX, ethoate-methyl (1134)+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethyl formate (IUPAC name) [CCN]+TX, ethyl-DDD (alternative name) (1056)+TX, ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, ethylene dichloride (chemical name) (1136)+TX, ethylene oxide [CCN]+TX, etofenprox (319)+TX, etrimfos (1142)+TX, EXD (1143)+TX, famphur (323)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenazaflor (1147)+TX, fenchlorphos (1148)+TX, fenethacarb (1149)+TX, fenfluthrin (1150)+TX, fenitrothion (335)+TX, fenobucarb (336)+TX, fenoxacrim (1153)+TX, fenoxycarb (340)+TX, fenpirithrin (1155)+TX, fenpropathrin (342)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fenthion (346)+TX, fenthion-ethyl [CCN]+TX, fenvalerate (349)+TX, fipronil (354)+TX, flonicamid (358)+TX, flubendiamide (CAS. Reg. No.: 272451-65-7)+TX, flucofuron (1168)+TX, flucycloxuron (366)+TX, flucythrinate (367)+TX, fluenetil (1169)+TX, flufenerim [CCN]+TX, flufenoxuron (370)+TX, flufenprox (1171)+TX, flumethrin (372)+TX, fluvalinate (1184)+TX, FMC 1137 (development code) (1185)+TX, fonofos (1191)+TX, formetanate (405)+TX, formetanate hydrochloride (405)+TX, formothion (1192)+TX, formparanate (1193)+TX, fosmethilan (1194)+TX, fospirate (1195)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furathiocarb (412)+TX, furethrin (1200)+TX, gamma-cyhalothrin (197)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, halfenprox (424)+TX, halofenozide (425)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, HEOD (1070)+TX, heptachlor (1211)+TX, heptenophos (432)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX, hexaflumuron (439)+TX, HHDN (864)+TX, hydramethylnon (443)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, hydroprene (445)+TX, hyquincarb (1223)+TX, imidacloprid (458)+TX, imiprothrin (460)+TX, indoxacarb (465)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, IPSP (1229)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, isobenzan (1232)+TX, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473)+TX, isodrin (1235)+TX, isofenphos (1236)+TX, isolane (1237)+TX, isoprocarb (472)+TX, isopropyl O-(methoxy-aminothiophosphoryl)salicylate (IUPAC name) (473)+TX, isoprothiolane (474)+TX, isothioate (1244)+TX, isoxathion (480)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, jasmolin I (696)+TX, jasmolin II (696)+TX, jodfenphos (1248)+TX, juvenile hormone I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, juvenile hormone III (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kelevan (1249)+TX, kinoprene (484)+TX, lambda-cyhalothrin (198)+TX, lead arsenate [CCN]+TX, lepimectin (CCN)+TX, leptophos (1250)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, lirimfos (1251)+TX, lufenuron (490)+TX, lythidathion (1253)+TX, m-cumenyl methylcarbamate (IUPAC name) (1014)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, malathion (492)+TX, malonoben (1254)+TX, mazidox (1255)+TX, mecarbam (502)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, menazon (1260)+TX, mephosfolan (1261)+TX, mercurous chloride (513)+TX, mesulfenfos (1263)+TX, metaflumizone (CCN)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methacrifos (1266)+TX, methamidophos (527)+TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1268)+TX, methidathion (529)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, methocrotophos (1273)+TX, methomyl (531)+TX, methoprene (532)+TX, methoquin-butyl (1276)+TX, methothrin (alternative name) (533)+TX, methoxychlor (534)+TX, methoxyfenozide (535)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, methylchloroform (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, methylene chloride [CCN]+TX, metofluthrin [CCN]+TX, metolcarb (550)+TX, metoxadiazone (1288)+TX, mevinphos (556)+TX, mexacarbate (1290)+TX, milbemectin (557)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, mipafox (1293)+TX, mirex (1294)+TX, monocrotophos (561)+TX, morphothion (1300)+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naftalofos (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, naled (567)+TX, naphthalene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1303)+TX, NC-170 (development code) (1306)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, nicotine (578)+TX, nicotine sulfate (578)+TX, nifluridide (1309)+TX, nitenpyram (579)+TX, nithiazine (1311)+TX, nitrilacarb (1313)+TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex (1313)+TX, NNI-0101 (compound code)+TX, NNI-0250 (compound code)+TX, nornicotine (traditional name) (1319)+TX, novaluron (585)+TX, noviflumuron (586)+TX, 0-5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate (IUPAC name) (1057)+TX, 0,0-diethyl 0-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1074)+TX, 0,0-diethyl 0-6-methyl-2-propylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate (IUPAC name) (1075)+TX, O,O,O′,O′-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate (IUPAC name) (1424)+TX, oleic acid (IUPAC name) (593)+TX, omethoate (594)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, oxydemeton-methyl (609)+TX, oxydeprofos (1324)+TX, oxydisulfoton (1325)+TX, pp′-DDT (219)+TX, para-dichlorobenzene [CCN]+TX, parathion (615)+TX, parathion-methyl (616)+TX, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate (IUPAC name) (623)+TX, permethrin (626)+TX, petroleum oils (alternative name) (628)+TX, PH 60-38 (development code) (1328)+TX, phenkapton (1330)+TX, phenothrin (630)+TX, phenthoate (631)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosalone (637)+TX, phosfolan (1338)+TX, phosmet (638)+TX, phosnichlor (1339)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phoxim (642)+TX, phoxim-methyl (1340)+TX, pirimetaphos (1344)+TX, pirimicarb (651)+TX, pirimiphos-ethyl (1345)+TX, pirimiphos-methyl (652)+TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (IUPAC name) (1346)+TX, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, potassium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX, prallethrin (655)+TX, precocene I (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene II (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, precocene III (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, primidophos (1349)+TX, profenofos (662)+TX, profluthrin [CCN]+TX, promacyl (1354)+TX, promecarb (1355)+TX, propaphos (1356)+TX, propetamphos (673)+TX, propoxur (678)+TX, prothidathion (1360)+TX, prothiofos (686)+TX, prothoate (1362)+TX, protrifenbute [CCN]+TX, pymetrozine (688)+TX, pyraclofos (689)+TX, pyrazophos (693)+TX, pyresmethrin (1367)+TX, pyrethrin 1 (696)+TX, pyrethrin II (696)+TX, pyrethrins (696)+TX, pyridaben (699)+TX, pyridalyl (700)+TX, pyridaphenthion (701)+TX, pyrimidifen (706)+TX, pyrimitate (1370)+TX, pyriproxyfen (708)+TX, quassia (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, quinalphos (711)+TX, quinalphos-methyl (1376)+TX, quinothion (1380)+TX, quintiofos (1381)+TX, R-1492 (development code) (1382)+TX, rafoxanide (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, resmethrin (719)+TX, rotenone (722)+TX, RU 15525 (development code) (723)+TX, RU 25475 (development code) (1386)+TX, ryania (alternative name) (1387)+TX, ryanodine (traditional name) (1387)+TX, sabadilla (alternative name) (725)+TX, schradan (1389)+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, SI-0009 (compound code)+TX, SI-0205 (compound code)+TX, SI-0404 (compound code)+TX, SI-0405 (compound code)+TX, silafluofen (728)+TX, SN 72129 (development code) (1397)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoride (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1399)+TX, sodium hexafluorosilicate (1400)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, sodium selenate (IUPAC name) (1401)+TX, sodium thiocyanate [CCN]+TX, sophamide (1402)+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, spiromesifen (739)+TX, spirotetrmat (CCN)+TX, sulcofuron (746)+TX, sulcofuron-sodium (746)+TX, sulfluramid (750)+TX, sulfotep (753)+TX, sulfuryl fluoride (756)+TX, sulprofos (1408)+TX, tar oils (alternative name) (758)+TX, tau-fluvalinate (398)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, TDE (1414)+TX, tebufenozide (762)+TX, tebufenpyrad (763)+TX, tebupirimfos (764)+TX, teflubenzuron (768)+TX, tefluthrin (769)+TX, temephos (770)+TX, TEPP (1417)+TX, terallethrin (1418)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX, tetrachloroethane [CCN]+TX, tetrachlorvinphos (777)+TX, tetramethrin (787)+TX, theta-cypermethrin (204)+TX, thiacloprid (791)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thiamethoxam (792)+TX, thicrofos (1428)+TX, thiocarboxime (1431)+TX, thiocyclam (798)+TX, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate (798)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX, thiofanox (800)+TX, thiometon (801)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, thiosultap (803)+TX, thiosultap-sodium (803)+TX, thuringiensin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, tolfenpyrad (809)+TX, tralomethrin (812)+TX, transfluthrin (813)+TX, transpermethrin (1440)+TX, triamiphos (1441)+TX, triazamate (818)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, trichlorfon (824)+TX, trichlormetaphos-3 (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, trichloronat (1452)+TX, trifenofos (1455)+TX, triflumuron (835)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, triprene (1459)+TX, vamidothion (847)+TX, vaniliprole [CCN]+TX, veratridine (alternative name) (725)+TX, veratrine (alternative name) (725)+TX, XMC (853)+TX, xylylcarb (854)+TX, YI-5302 (compound code)+TX, zeta-cypermethrin (205)+TX, zetamethrin (alternative name)+TX, zinc phosphide (640)+TX, zolaprofos (1469) and ZXI 8901 (development code) (858)+TX, cyantraniliprole [736994-63-19+TX, chlorantraniliprole [500008-45-7]+TX, cyenopyrafen [560121-52-0]+TX, cyflumetofen [400882-07-7]+TX, pyrifluquinazon [337458-27-2]+TX, spinetoram [187166-40-1+187166-15-0]+TX, spirotetramat [203313-25-1]+TX, sulfoxaflor [946578-00-3]+TX, flufiprole [704886-18-0]+TX, meperfluthrin [915288-13-0]+TX, tetramethylfluthrin [84937-88-2]+TX, triflumezopyrim (disclosed in WO 2012/092115)+TX, fluxametamide (WO 2007/026965)+TX, epsilon-metofluthrin [240494-71-7]+TX, epsilon-momfluorothrin [1065124-65-3]+TX, fluazaindolizine [1254304-22-7]+TX, chloroprallethrin [399572-87-3]+TX, fluxametamide [928783-29-3]+TX, cyhalodiamide [1262605-53-7]+TX, tioxazafen [330459-31-9]+TX, broflanilide [1207727-04-5]+TX, flufiprole [704886-18-0]+TX, cyclaniliprole [1031756-98-5]+TX, tetraniliprole [1229654-66-3]+TX, guadipyr (described in WO2010/060231)+TX, cycloxaprid (described in WO 2005/077934)+TX, spiropidion+TX, Afidopyropen+TX, flupyrimin+TX, Momfluorothrin+TX, kappa-bifenthrin+TX, kappa-tefluthrin+TX, Dichloromezotiaz+TX, Tetrachloraniliprole+TX, benzpyrimoxan+TX; 
     a molluscicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bis(tributyltin) oxide (IUPAC name) (913)+TX, bromoacetamide [CCN]+TX, calcium arsenate [CCN]+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, copper acetoarsenite [CCN]+TX, copper sulfate (172)+TX, fentin (347)+TX, ferric phosphate (IUPAC name) (352)+TX, metaldehyde (518)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, niclosamide (576)+TX, niclosamide-olamine (576)+TX, pentachlorophenol (623)+TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623)+TX, tazimcarb (1412)+TX, thiodicarb (799)+TX, tributyltin oxide (913)+TX, trifenmorph (1454)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, triphenyltin acetate (IUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (IUPAC name) (347)+TX, pyriprole [394730-71-3]+TX, a nematicide selected from the group of substances consisting of AKD-3088 (compound code)+TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1045)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062)+TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene (IUPAC name) (1063)+TX, 1,3-dichloropropene (233)+TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1065)+TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine (IUPAC name) (980)+TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid (IUPAC name) (1286)+TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine (alternative name) (210)+TX, abamectin (1)+TX, acetoprole [CCN]+TX, alanycarb (15)+TX, aldicarb (16)+TX, aldoxycarb (863)+TX, AZ 60541 (compound code)+TX, benclothiaz [CCN]+TX, benomyl (62)+TX, butylpyridaben (alternative name)+TX, cadusafos (109)+TX, carbofuran (118)+TX, carbon disulfide (945)+TX, carbosulfan (119)+TX, chloropicrin (141)+TX, chlorpyrifos (145)+TX, cloethocarb (999)+TX, cytokinins (alternative name) (210)+TX, dazomet (216)+TX, DBCP (1045)+TX, DCIP (218)+TX, diamidafos (1044)+TX, dichlofenthion (1051)+TX, dicliphos (alternative name)+TX, dimethoate (262)+TX, doramectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, emamectin (291)+TX, emamectin benzoate (291)+TX, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, ethoprophos (312)+TX, ethylene dibromide (316)+TX, fenamiphos (326)+TX, fenpyrad (alternative name)+TX, fensulfothion (1158)+TX, fosthiazate (408)+TX, fosthietan (1196)+TX, furfural (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, GY-81 (development code) (423)+TX, heterophos [CCN]+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, isamidofos (1230)+TX, isazofos (1231)+TX, ivermectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, kinetin (alternative name) (210)+TX, mecarphon (1258)+TX, metam (519)+TX, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519)+TX, metam-sodium (519)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, methyl isothiocyanate (543)+TX, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX,  Myrothecium verrucaria  composition (alternative name) (565)+TX, NC-184 (compound code)+TX, oxamyl (602)+TX, phorate (636)+TX, phosphamidon (639)+TX, phosphocarb [CCN]+TX, sebufos (alternative name)+TX, selamectin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, spinosad (737)+TX, terbam (alternative name)+TX, terbufos (773)+TX, tetrachlorothiophene (IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1422)+TX, thiafenox (alternative name)+TX, thionazin (1434)+TX, triazophos (820)+TX, triazuron (alternative name)+TX, xylenols [CCN]+TX, YI-5302 (compound code) and zeatin (alternative name) (210)+TX, fluensulfone [318290-98-1]+TX, fluopyram+TX, 
     a nitrification inhibitor selected from the group of substances consisting of potassium ethylxanthate [CCN] and nitrapyrin (580)+TX, 
     a plant activator selected from the group of substances consisting of acibenzolar (6)+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl (6)+TX, probenazole (658) and  Reynoutria sachalinensis  extract (alternative name) (720)+TX, 
     a rodenticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione (IUPAC name) (1246)+TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (IUPAC name) (748)+TX, alpha-chlorohydrin [CCN]+TX, aluminium phosphide (640)+TX, antu (880)+TX, arsenous oxide (882)+TX, barium carbonate (891)+TX, bisthiosemi (912)+TX, brodifacoum (89)+TX, bromadiolone (91)+TX, bromethalin (92)+TX, calcium cyanide (444)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, chlorophacinone (140)+TX, cholecalciferol (alternative name) (850)+TX, coumachlor (1004)+TX, coumafuryl (1005)+TX, coumatetralyl (175)+TX, crimidine (1009)+TX, difenacoum (246)+TX, difethialone (249)+TX, diphacinone (273)+TX, ergocalciferol (301)+TX, flocoumafen (357)+TX, fluoroacetamide (379)+TX, flupropadine (1183)+TX, flupropadine hydrochloride (1183)+TX, gamma-HCH (430)+TX, HCH (430)+TX, hydrogen cyanide (444)+TX, iodomethane (IUPAC name) (542)+TX, lindane (430)+TX, magnesium phosphide (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, methyl bromide (537)+TX, norbormide (1318)+TX, phosacetim (1336)+TX, phosphine (IUPAC name) (640)+TX, phosphorus [CCN]+TX, pindone (1341)+TX, potassium arsenite [CCN]+TX, pyrinuron (1371)+TX, scilliroside (1390)+TX, sodium arsenite [CCN]+TX, sodium cyanide (444)+TX, sodium fluoroacetate (735)+TX, strychnine (745)+TX, thallium sulfate [CCN]+TX, warfarin (851) and zinc phosphide (640)+TX, 
     a synergist selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate (IUPAC name) (934)+TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone (IUPAC name) (903)+TX, farnesol with nerolidol (alternative name) (324)+TX, MB-599 (development code) (498)+TX, MGK 264 (development code) (296)+TX, piperonyl butoxide (649)+TX, piprotal (1343)+TX, propyl isomer (1358)+TX, S421 (development code) (724)+TX, sesamex (1393)+TX, sesasmolin (1394) and sulfoxide (1406)+TX, 
     an animal repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of anthraquinone (32)+TX, chloralose (127)+TX, copper naphthenate [CCN]+TX, copper oxychloride (171)+TX, diazinon (227)+TX, dicyclopentadiene (chemical name) (1069)+TX, guazatine (422)+TX, guazatine acetates (422)+TX, methiocarb (530)+TX, pyridin-4-amine (IUPAC name) (23)+TX, thiram (804)+TX, trimethacarb (840)+TX, zinc naphthenate [CCN] and ziram (856)+TX, 
     a virucide selected from the group of substances consisting of imanin (alternative name) [CCN] and ribavirin (alternative name) [CCN]+TX, 
     a wound protectant selected from the group of substances consisting of mercuric oxide (512)+TX, octhilinone (590) and thiophanate-methyl (802)+TX, 
     and biologically active compounds selected from the group of substances consisting of azaconazole (60207-31-0]+TX, bitertanol [70585-36-3]+TX, bromuconazole [116255-48-2]+TX, cyproconazole [94361-06-5]+TX, difenoconazole [119446-68-3]+TX, diniconazole [83657-24-3]+TX, epoxiconazole [106325-08-0]+TX, fenbuconazole [114369-43-6]+TX, fluquinconazole [136426-54-5]+TX, flusilazole [85509-19-9]+TX, flutriafol [76674-21-0]+TX, hexaconazole [79983-71-4]+TX, imazalil [35554-44-0]+TX, imibenconazole [86598-92-7]+TX, ipconazole [125225-28-7]+TX, metconazole [125116-23-6]+TX, myclobutanil [88671-89-0]+TX, pefurazoate [101903-30-4]+TX, penconazole [66246-88-6]+TX, prothioconazole [178928-70-6]+TX, pyrifenox [88283-41-4]+TX, prochloraz [67747-09-5]+TX, propiconazole [60207-90-1]+TX, simeconazole [149508-90-7]+TX, tebuconazole [107534-96-3]+TX, tetraconazole [112281-77-3]+TX, triadimefon [43121-43-3]+TX, triadimenol [55219-65-3]+TX, triflumizole [99387-89-0]+TX, triticonazole [131983-72-7]+TX, ancymidol [12771-68-5]+TX, fenarimol [60168-88-9]+TX, nuarimol [63284-71-9]+TX, bupirimate [41483-43-6]+TX, dimethirimol [5221-53-4]+TX, ethirimol [23947-60-6]+TX, dodemorph [1593-77-7]+TX, fenpropidine [67306-00-7]+TX, fenpropimorph [67564-91-4]+TX, spiroxamine [118134-30-8]+TX, tridemorph [81412-43-3]+TX, cyprodinil [121552-61-2]+TX, mepanipyrim [110235-47-7]+TX, pyrimethanil [53112-28-0]+TX, fenpiclonil [74738-17-3]+TX, fludioxonil [131341-86-1]+TX, benalaxyl [71626-11-4]+TX, furalaxyl [57646-30-7]+TX, metalaxyl [57837-19-1]+TX, R-metalaxyl [70630-17-0]+TX, ofurace [58810-48-3]+TX, oxadixyl [77732-09-3]+TX, benomyl [17804-35-2]+TX, carbendazim [10605-21-7]+TX, debacarb [62732-91-6]+TX, fuberidazole [3878-19-1]+TX, thiabendazole [148-79-8]+TX, chlozolinate [84332-86-5]+TX, dichlozoline [24201-58-9]+TX, iprodione [36734-19-7]+TX, myclozoline [54864-61-8]+TX, procymidone [32809-16-8]+TX, vinclozoline [50471-44-8]+TX, boscalid [188425-85-6]+TX, carboxin [5234-68-4]+TX, fenfuram [24691-80-3]+TX, flutolanil [66332-96-5]+TX, mepronil [55814-41-0]+TX, oxycarboxin [5259-88-1]+TX, penthiopyrad [183675-82-3]+TX, thifluzamide [130000-40-7]+TX, guazatine [108173-90-6]+TX, dodine [2439-10-3] [112-65-2] (free base)+TX, iminoctadine [13516-27-3]+TX, azoxystrobin [131860-33-8]+TX, dimoxystrobin [149961-52-4]+TX, enestroburin {Proc. BCPC, Int. Congr., Glasgow, 2003, 1, 93}+TX, fluoxastrobin [361377-29-9]+TX, kresoxim-methyl [143390-89-0]+TX, metominostrobin [133408-50-1]+TX, trifloxystrobin [141517-21-7]+TX, orysastrobin [248593-16-0]+TX, picoxystrobin [117428-22-5]+TX, pyraclostrobin [175013-18-0]+TX, ferbam [14484-64-1]+TX, mancozeb [8018-01-7]+TX, maneb [12427-38-2]+TX, metiram [9006-42-2]+TX, propineb [12071-83-9]+TX, thiram [137-26-8]+TX, zineb [12122-67-7]+TX, ziram [137-30-4]+TX, captafol [2425-06-1]+TX, captan [133-06-2]+TX, dichlofluanid [1085-98-9]+TX, fluoroimide [41205-21-4]+TX, folpet [133-07-3]+TX, tolylfluanid [731-27-1]+TX, bordeaux mixture [8011-63-0]+TX, copperhydroxid [20427-59-2]+TX, copperoxychlorid [1332-40-7]+TX, coppersulfat [7758-98-7]+TX, copperoxid [1317-39-1]+TX, mancopper [53988-93-5]+TX, oxine-copper [10380-28-6]+TX, dinocap [131-72-6]+TX, nitrothal-isopropyl [10552-74-6]+TX, edifenphos [17109-49-8]+TX, iprobenphos [26087-47-8]+TX, isoprothiolane [50512-35-1]+TX, phosdiphen [36519-00-3]+TX, pyrazophos [13457-18-6]+TX, tolclofos-methyl [57018-04-9]+TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl [135158-54-2]+TX, anilazine [101-05-3]+TX, benthiavalicarb [413615-35-7]+TX, blasticidin-S [2079-00-7]+TX, chinomethionat [2439-01-2]+TX, chloroneb [2675-77-6]+TX, chlorothalonil [1897-45-6]+TX, cyflufenamid [180409-60-3]+TX, cymoxanil [57966-95-7]+TX, dichlone [117-80-6]+TX, diclocymet [139920-32-4]+TX, diclomezine [62865-36-5]+TX, dicloran [99-30-9]+TX, diethofencarb [87130-20-9]+TX, dimethomorph [110488-70-5]+TX, SYP-LI90 (Flumorph) [211867-47-9]+TX, dithianon [3347-22-6]+TX, ethaboxam [162650-77-3]+TX, etridiazole [2593-15-9]+TX, famoxadone [131807-57-3]+7X, fenamidone [161326-34-7]+TX, fenoxanil [115852-48-7]4+TX, fentin [668-34-8]+TX, ferimzone [89269-64-7]+TX, fluazinam [79622-59-6]+TX, fluopicolide [239110-15-7]+TX, flusulfamide [106917-52-6]+TX, fenhexamid [126833-17-8]+TX, fosetyl-aluminium [39148-24-8]+TX, hymexazol [10004-44-1]+TX, iprovalicarb [140923-17-7]+TX, IKF-916 (Cyazofamid) [120116-88-3]+TX, kasugamycin [6980-18-3]+TX, methasulfocarb [66952-49-6]+TX, metrafenone [220899-03-6]+TX, pencycuron [66063-05-6]+TX, phthalide [27355-22-2]+TX, polyoxins [11113-80-7]+TX, probenazole [27605-76-1]+TX, propamocarb [25606-41-1]+TX, proquinazid [189278-12-4]+TX, pyroquilon [57369-32-1]+TX, quinoxyfen [124495-18-7]+TX, quintozene [82-68-8]+TX, sulfur [7704-34-9]+TX, tiadinil [223580-51-6]+TX, triazoxide [72459-58-6]+TX, tricyclazole [41814-78-2]+TX, triforine [26644-46-2]+TX, validamycin [37248-47-8]+TX, zoxamide (RH7281) [156052-68-5]+TX, mandipropamid [374726-62-2]+TX, isopyrazam [881685-58-1]+TX, sedaxane [874967-67-6]+TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (9-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl)-amide (disclosed in WO 2007/048556)+TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide (disclosed in WO 2006/087343)+TX, [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11Hnaphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate [915972-17-7]+TX and 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [926914-55-8]+TX, lancotrione [1486617-21-3]+TX, florpyrauxifen [943832-81-3]+TX, ipfentrifluconazole[1417782-08-1]+TX, mefentrifluconazole [1417782-03-6]+TX, quinofumelin [861647-84-9]+TX, chloroprallethrin [399572-87-3]+TX, cyhalodiamide [1262605-53-7]+TX, fluazaindolizine [1254304-22-7]+TX, fluxametamide [928783-29-3]+TX, epsilon-metofluthrin [240494-71-7]+TX, epsilon-momfluorothrin [1065124-65-3]+TX, pydiflumetofen [1228284-64-7]+TX, kappa-bifenthrin [439680-76-9]+TX, broflanilide [1207727-04-5]+TX, dicloromezotiaz [1263629-39-5]+TX, dipymetitrone [16114-35-5]+TX, pyraziflumid [942515-63-1]+TX and kappa-tefluthrin [391634-71-2]+TX, fenpicoxamid [517875-34-2]+TX; flufenpyrrolidone+TX, benzpyrimoxan [1449021-97-9]+TX; isocycloseram+TX, rescalure [64309-03-1]+TX; aminopyrifen [1531626-08-0]+TX; and microbials including:  Acinetobacter lwoffii +TX,  Acremonium alternatum +TX+TX,  Acremonium cephalosporium +TX+TX,  Acremonium diospyri +TX,  Acremonium obclavatum +TX,  Adoxophyes orana granulovirus  (AdoxGV) (Capex®)+TX,  Agrobacterium radiobacter  strain K84 (Galltrol-A®)+TX,  Alternaria alternate +TX,  Alternaria cassia +TX,  Alternaria destruens  (Smolder®)+TX,  Ampelomyces quisqualis  (AQ10®)+TX,  Aspergillus flavus  AF36 (AF36®)+TX,  Aspergillus flavus  NRRL 21882 (Aflaguard®)+TX,  Aspergillus  spp.+TX,  Aureobasidium pullulans +TX,  Azospirillum +TX, (MicroAZ®+TX, TAZO B®)+TX,  Azotobacter +TX,  Azotobacter chroocuccum  (Azotomeal®)+TX,  Azotobacter  cysts (Bionatural Blooming Blossoms®)+TX,  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens +TX,  Bacillus cereus +TX,  Bacillus chitinosporus  strain CM-1+TX,  Bacillus chitinosporus  strain AQ746+TX,  Bacillus licheniformis  strain HB-2 (Biostart™ Rhizoboost®)+TX,  Bacillus licheniformis  strain 3086 (EcoGuard®+TX, Green Releaf®)+TX,  Bacillus circulans +TX,  Bacillus firmus  (BioSafe®+TX, BioNem-WP®+TX, VOTiVO®)+TX,  Bacillus firmus  strain 1-1582+TX,  Bacillus macerans +TX,  Bacillus marismortui +TX,  Bacillus megaterium +TX,  Bacillus mycoides  strain AQ726+TX,  Bacillus papillae  (Milky Spore Powder®)+TX,  Bacillus pumilus  spp.+TX,  Bacillus pumilus  strain GB34 (Yield Shield®)+TX,  Bacillus pumilus  strain AQ717+TX,  Bacillus pumilus  strain QST 2808 (Sonata®+TX, Ballad Plus®)+TX,  Bacillus spahericus  (VectoLex®)+TX,  Bacillus  spp.+TX,  Bacillus  spp. strain AQ175+TX,  Bacillus  spp. strain AQ177+TX,  Bacillus  spp. strain AQ178+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  strain QST 713 (CEASE®+TX, Serenade®+TX, Rhapsody®)+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  strain QST 714 (JAZZ®)+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  strain AQ153+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  strain AQ743+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  strain QST3002+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  strain QST3004+TX,  Bacillus subtilis  var.  amyloliquefaciens  strain FZB24 (Taegro®+TX, Rhizopro®)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  Cry 2Ae+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  Cry1Ab+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai  GC 91 (Agree®)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis  (BMP123®+TX, Aquabac®+TX, VectoBac®)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  kurstaki (Javelin®+TX, Deliver®+TX, CryMax®+TX, Bonide®+TX, Scutella WP®+TX, Turilav WP®+TX, Astuto®+TX, Dipel WP®+TX, Biobit®+TX, Foray®)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki  BMP 123 (Baritone®)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  kurstaki HD-1 (Bioprotec-CAF/3P®)+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  strain BD #32+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  strain AQ52+TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis  var.  aizawai  (XenTari®+TX, DiPel®)+TX, bacteria spp. (GROWMEND®+TX, GROWSWEET®+TX, Shootup®)+TX, bacteriophage of Clavipacter  michiganensis  (AgriPhage®)+TX, Bakflor®+TX,  Beauveria bassiana  (Beaugenic®+TX, Brocaril WP®)+TX,  Beauveria bassiana  GHA (Mycotrol ES® +TX, Mycotrol O®+TX, BotaniGuard®)+TX,  Beauveria brongniartii  (Engerlingspilz®+TX,  Schweizer Beauveria ®+TX, Melocont®)+TX,  Beauveria  spp.+TX,  Botrytis cineria +TX,  Bradyrhizobium japonicum  (TerraMax®)+TX,  Brevibacillus brevis +TX,  Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis  (Novodor®)+TX, BtBooster+TX,  Burkholderia cepacia  (Deny®+TX, Intercept®+TX, Blue Circle®)+TX,  Burkholderia gladii +TX,  Burkholderia gladioli +TX,  Burkholderia  spp.+TX, Canadian thistle fungus (CBH Canadian Bioherbicide®)+TX,  Candida butyri +TX,  Candida famata +TX,  Candida fructus +TX,  Candida glabrata +TX,  Candida guilliermondii +TX,  Candida melibiosica +TX,  Candida oleophila  strain O+TX,  Candida parapsilosis +TX,  Candida pelliculosa +TX,  Candida pulcherrima +TX,  Candida reukaufii +TX,  Candida saitoana  (Bio-Coat®+TX, Biocure®)+TX,  Candida sake +TX,  Candida  spp.+TX,  Candida tenius +TX,  Cedecea dravisae +TX,  Cellulomonas flavigena +TX,  Chaetomium cochliodes  (Nova-Cide®)+TX,  Chaetomium globosum  (Nova-Cide®)+TX,  Chromobacterium subtsugae  strain PRAA4-1T (Grandevo®)+TX,  Cladosporium  cladosporioides+TX,  Cladosporium oxysporum +TX,  Cladosporium chlorocephalum +TX,  Cladosporium  spp.+TX,  Cladosporium tenuissimum +TX,  Clonostachys rosea  (EndoFine®)+TX,  Colletotrichum acutatum +TX,  Coniothyrium minitans  (Cotans WG®)+TX,  Coniothyrium  spp.+TX,  Cryptococcus albidus  (YIELDPLUS®)+TX,  Cryptococcus humicola +TX,  Cryptococcus infirmo - miniatus +TX,  Cryptococcus laurentii +TX,  Cryptophlebia leucotreta  granulovirus (Cryptex®)+TX,  Cupriavidus campinensis +TX,  Cydia pomonella  granulovirus (CYD-X®)+TX,  Cydia pomonella  granulovirus (Madex®+TX, Madex Plus®+TX, Madex Max/Carpovirusine®)+TX,  Cylindrobasidium laeve  (Stumpout®)+TX, Cylindrocladium+TX,  Debaryomyces hansenii 4+TX,  Drechslera hawaiinensis +TX,  Enterobacter cloacae +TX, Enterobacteriaceae+TX,  Entomophtora virulenta  (Vektor®)+TX,  Epicoccum nigrum +TX,  Epicoccum purpurascens +TX,  Epicoccum  spp.+TX,  Filobasidium floriforme +TX,  Fusarium acuminatum +TX,  Fusarium chlamydosporum +TX,  Fusarium oxysporum  (Fusaclean®/Biofox C®)+TX,  Fusarium proliferatum +TX,  Fusarium  spp.+TX,  Galactomyces geotrichum +TX,  Gliocladium catenulatum  (Primastop®+TX, Prestop®)+TX,  Gliocladium roseum +TX,  Gliocladium  spp. (SoilGard®)+TX,  Gliocladium virens  (Soilgard®)+TX, Granulovirus (Granupom®)+TX,  Halobacillus halophilus +TX,  Halobacillus litoralis +TX,  Halobacillus trueperi +TX,  Halomonas  spp.+TX,  Halomonas subglaciescola +TX,  Halovibrio variabilis +TX,  Hanseniaspora uvarum +TX,  Helicoverpa armigera  nucleopolyhedrovirus (Helicovex®)+TX,  Helicoverpa zea  nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gemstar®)+TX, Isoflavone-formononetin (Myconate®)+TX,  Kloeckera apiculata +TX,  Kloeckera  spp.+TX,  Lagenidium giganteum  (Laginex®)+TX,  Lecanicillium longisporum  (Vertiblast®)+TX,  Lecanicillium muscarium  (Vertikil®)+TX,  Lymantria Dispar nucleopolyhedrosis  virus (Disparvirus®)+TX,  Marinococcus halophilus +TX,  Meira geulakonigii +TX,  Metarhizium anisopliae  (Met52®)+TX,  Metarhizium anisopliae  (Destruxin WP®)+TX,  Metschnikowia fruticola  (Shemer®)+TX,  Metschnikowia pulcherrima +TX,  Microdochium dimerum  (Antibot®)+TX,  Micromonospora coerulea +TX,  Microsphaeropsis ochracea +TX,  Muscodor albus  620 (Muscudor®)+TX,  Muscodor roseus  strain A3-5+TX,  Mycorrhizae  spp. (AMykor®+TX, Root Maximizer®)+TX,  Myrothecium verrucaria  strain AARC-0255 (DiTera®)+TX, BROS PLUS®+TX,  Ophiostoma piliferum  strain D97 (Sylvanex®)+TX,  Paecilomyces farinosus +TX,  Paecilomyces fumosoroseus  (PFR-97®+TX, PreFeRal®)+TX,  Paecilomyces linacinus  (Biostat WP®)+TX,  Paecilomyces lilacinus  strain 251 (MeloCon WG®)+TX,  Paenibacillus polymyxa +TX,  Pantoea agglomerans  (BlightBan C9-1®)+TX,  Pantoea  spp.+TX,  Pasteuria  spp. (Econem®)+TX,  Pasteuria nishizawae +TX,  Penicillium aurantiogriseum +TX,  Penicillium billai  (Jumpstart®+TX, TagTeam®)+TX,  Penicillium brevicompactum +TX,  Penicillium frequentans +TX,  Penicillium griseofulvum +TX,  Penicillium purpurogenum +TX,  Penicillium  spp.+TX,  Penicillium viridicatum +TX,  Phlebiopsis gigantean  (Rotstop®)+TX, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Phosphomeal®)+TX,  Phytophthora cryptogea +TX,  Phytophthora palmivora  (Devine®)+TX,  Pichia anomala +TX,  Pichia guilermondii +TX,  Pichia membranaefaciens +TX,  Pichia onychis +TX,  Pichia stipites +TX,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa +TX,  Pseudomonas aureofasciens  (Spot-Less Biofungicide®)+TX,  Pseudomonas cepacia +TX,  Pseudomonas chlororaphis  (AtEze®)+TX,  Pseudomonas corrugate +TX,  Pseudomonas fluorescens  strain A506 (BlightBan A506®)+TX,  Pseudomonas putida +TX,  Pseudomonas reactans +TX,  Pseudomonas  spp.+TX,  Pseudomonas syringae  (Bio-Save®)+TX,  Pseudomonas viridiflava +TX,  Pseudomonas fluorescens  (Zequanox®)+TX,  Pseudozyma flocculosa  strain PF-A22 UL (Sporodex L®)+TX,  Puccinia canaliculata +TX,  Puccinia thlaspeos  (Wood Warrior®)+TX,  Pythium paroecandrum +TX,  Pythium oligandrum  (Polygandron®+TX, Polyversum®)+TX,  Pythium periplocum +TX,  Rhanella aquatilis +TX,  Rhanella  spp.+TX,  Rhizobia  (Dormal®+TX, Vault®)+TX,  Rhizoctonia +TX,  Rhodococcus globerulus  strain AQ719+TX,  Rhodosporidium diobovatum +TX,  Rhodosporidium toruloides +TX,  Rhodotorula  spp.+TX,  Rhodotorula glutinis +TX,  Rhodotorula graminis +TX,  Rhodotorula mucilagnosa +TX,  Rhodotorula rubra +TX,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae +TX,  Salinococcus roseus +TX,  Sclerotinia minor +TX,  Sclerotinia minor  (SARRITOR®)+TX,  Scytalidium  spp.+TX,  Scytalidium uredinicola +TX,  Spodoptera exigua  nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Spod-X®+TX, Spexit®)+TX,  Serratia marcescens +TX,  Serratia plymuthica +TX,  Serratia  spp.+TX,  Sordaria fimicola +TX,  Spodoptera littoralis  nucleopolyhedrovirus (Littovir®)+TX,  Sporobolomyces roseus +TX,  Stenotrophomonas maltophilia +TX,  Streptomyces ahygroscopicus +TX,  Streptomyces albaduncus +TX,  Streptomyces exfoliates +TX,  Streptomyces galbus +TX,  Streptomyces griseoplanus +TX,  Streptomyces griseoviridis  (Mycostop®)+TX,  Streptomyces lydicus  (Actinovate®)+TX,  Streptomyces lydicus  WYEC-108 (ActinoGrow®)+TX,  Streptomyces violaceus +TX,  Tilletiopsis minor 4+TX,  Tilletiopsis  spp.+TX,  Trichoderma asperellum  (T34 Biocontrol®)+TX,  Trichoderma  gamsii (Tenet®)+TX,  Trichoderma  atroviride (Plantmate®)+TX,  Trichoderma hamatum  TH 382+TX,  Trichoderma harzianum  rifai (Mycostar®)+TX,  Trichoderma harzianum  T-22 (Trianum-P®+TX, PlantShield HC®+TX, RootShield®+TX, Trianum-G®)+TX,  Trichoderma harzianum  T-39 (Trichodex®)+TX,  Trichoderma inhamatum +TX,  Trichoderma koningii +TX,  Trichoderma  spp. LC 52 (Sentinel®)+TX,  Trichoderma lignorum +TX,  Trichoderma longibrachiatum +TX,  Trichoderma polysporum  (Binab T®)+TX,  Trichoderma taxi +TX,  Trichoderma virens +TX,  Trichoderma virens  (formerly  Gliocladium virens  GL-21) (SoilGuard®)+TX,  Trichoderma viride +TX,  Trichoderma viride  strain ICC 080 (Remedier®)+TX,  Trichosporon pullulans +TX,  Trichosporon  spp.+TX,  Trichothecium  spp.+TX,  Trichothecium roseum +TX,  Typhula phacorrhiza  strain 94670+TX,  Typhula phacorrhiza  strain 94671+TX,  Ulocladium atrum +TX,  Ulocladium oudemansii  (Botry-Zen®)+TX,  Ustilago maydis +TX, various bacteria and supplementary micronutrients (Natural II®)+TX, various fungi (Millennium Microbes®)+TX,  Verticillium chlamydosporium +TX,  Verticillium lecanii  (Mycotal®+TX, Vertalec®)+TX, Vip3Aa20 (VlPtera®)+TX,  Virgibaclillus marismortui +TX,  Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  Poae  (Camperico®)+TX,  Xenorhabdus bovienii +TX,  Xenorhabdus nematophilus ; and 
     Plant extracts including: pine oil (Retenol®)+TX, azadirachtin (Plasma Neem Oil®+TX, AzaGuard®+TX, MeemAzal®+TX, Molt-X®+TX, Botanical IGR (Neemazad®+TX, Neemix®)+TX, canola oil (Lilly Miller Vegol®)+TX,  Chenopodium ambrosioides  near  ambrosioides  (Requiem®)+TX,  Chrysanthemum  extract (Crisant®)+TX, extract of neem oil (Trilogy®)+TX, essentials oils of Labiatae (Botania®)+TX, extracts of clove rosemary peppermint and thyme oil (Garden insect Killer®)+TX, Glycinebetaine (Greenstim®)+TX, garlic+TX, lemongrass oil (GreenMatch®)+TX, neem oil+TX,  Nepeta cataria  (Catnip oil)+TX,  Nepeta catarina +TX, nicotine+TX, oregano oil (MossBuster®)+TX,  Pedaliaceae oil  (Nematon®)+TX, pyrethrum+TX,  Quillaja saponaria  (NemaQ®)+TX,  Reynoutria sachalinensis  (Regalia®+TX, Sakalia®)+TX, rotenone (Eco Roten®)+TX, Rutaceae plant extract (Soleo®)+TX, soybean oil (Ortho Ecosense®)+TX, tea tree oil (Timorex Gold®)+TX, thymus oil+TX, AGNIQUE® MMF+TX, BugOil®+TX, mixture of rosemary sesame pepermint thyme and cinnamon extracts (EF 300®)+TX, mixture of clove rosemary and peppermint extract (EF 400®)+TX, mixture of clove pepermint garlic oil and mint (Soil Shot®)+TX, kaolin (Screen®)+TX, storage glucam of brown algae (Laminarin®); and 
     pheromones including: blackheaded fireworm pheromone (3M Sprayable Blackheaded Fireworm Pheromone®)+TX, Codling Moth Pheromone (Paramount dispenser-(CM)/Isomate C-Plus®)+TX, Grape Berry Moth Pheromone (3M MEC-GBM Sprayable Pheromone®)+TX,  Leafroller pheromone  (3M MEC-LR Sprayable Pheromone®)+TX, Muscamone (Snip7 Fly Bait®+TX, Starbar Premium Fly Bait®)+TX, Oriental Fruit Moth Pheromone (3M oriental fruit moth sprayable Pheromone®)+TX, Peachtree Borer Pheromone (Isomate-P®)+TX, Tomato Pinworm Pheromone (3M Sprayable Pheromone®)+TX,  Entostat powder  (extract from palm tree) (Exosex CM®)+TX, (E+TX,Z+TX,Z)-3+TX,8+TX,11 Tetradecatrienyl acetate+TX, (Z+TX,Z+TX,E)-7+TX,11+TX,13-Hexadecatrienal+TX, (E+TX,Z)-7+TX,9-Dodecadien-1-yl acetate+TX, 2-Methyl-1-butanol+TX,  Calcium acetate +TX, Scenturion®+TX, Biolure®+TX, Check-Mate®+TX, Lavandulyl senecioate; and 
     Macrobials including:  Aphelinus abdominalis +TX,  Aphidius ervi  (Aphelinus-System®)+TX,  Acerophagus papaya +TX,  Adalia bipunctata  (Adalia-System®)+TX,  Adalia bipunctata  (Adaline®)+TX,  Adalia bipunctata  (Aphidalia®)+TX,  Ageniaspis citricola +TX,  Ageniaspis fuscicollis +TX,  Amblyseius andersoni  (Anderline®+TX,  Andersoni -System®)+TX,  Amblyseius californicus  (Amblyline®+TX, Spical®)+TX,  Amblyseius cucumeris  (Thripex®+TX, Bugline Cucumeris®)+TX,  Amblyseius fallacis  (Fallacis®)+TX,  Amblyseius swirskii  (Bugline Swirskii®+TX, Swirskii-Mite®)+TX,  Amblyseius womersleyi  (WomerMite®)+TX,  Amitus hesperidum +TX,  Anagrus atomus +TX,  Anagyrus fusciventris +TX,  Anagyrus kamali +TX,  Anagyrus loecki +TX,  Anagyrus pseudococci  (Citripar®)+TX,  Anicetus benefices +TX,  Anisopteromalus calandrae +TX,  Anthocoris nemoralis  (Anthocoris-System®)+TX,  Aphelinus abdominalis  (Apheline®+TX, Aphiline®)+TX,  Aphelinus asychis +TX,  Aphidius colemani  (Aphipar®)+TX,  Aphidius ervi  (Ervipar®)+TX,  Aphidius gifuensis +TX,  Aphidius matricariae  (Aphipar-M®)+TX,  Aphidoletes aphidimyza  (Aphidend®)+TX,  Aphidoletes aphidimyza  (Aphidoline®)+TX,  Aphytis lingnanensis +TX,  Aphytis melinus +TX,  Aprostocetus hagenowii +TX,  Atheta coriaria  (Staphyline®)+TX,  Bombus  spp.+TX,  Bombus terrestris  (Natupol Beehive®)+TX,  Bombus terrestris  (Beeline®+TX, Tripol®)+TX,  Cephalonomia stephanoderis +TX,  Chilocorus nigritus +TX,  Chrysoperla carnea  (Chrysoline®)+TX,  Chrysoperla carnea  (Chrysopa®)+TX,  Chrysoperla rufilabris +TX,  Cirrospilus ingenuus +TX,  Cirrospilus quadristriatus +TX,  Citrostichus phyllocnistoides +TX,  Closterocerus chamaeleon +TX,  Closterocerus  spp.+TX,  Coccidoxenoides perminutus  (Planopar®)+TX,  Coccophagus cowperi +TX,  Coccophagus lycimnia +TX,  Cotesia flavipes +TX,  Cotesia plutellae +TX,  Cryptolaemus montrouzieri  (Cryptobug®+TX, Cryptoline®)+TX,  Cybocephalus nipponicus +TX,  Dacnusa sibirica +TX,  Dacnusa sibirica  (Minusa®)+TX,  Diglyphus isaea  (Diminex®)+TX,  Delphastus catalinae  (Delphastus®)+TX,  Delphastus pusillus +TX,  Diachasmimorpha krausii +TX,  Diachasmimorpha longicaudata +TX,  Diaparsis jucunda +TX,  Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis +TX,  Diglyphus isaea +TX,  Diglyphus isaea  (Miglyphus®+TX, Digline®)+TX,  Dacnusa sibirica  (DacDigline®+TX, Minex®)+TX,  Diversinervus  spp.+TX,  Encarsia citrina +TX,  Encarsia formosa  (Encarsia Max®+TX, Encarline®+TX, En-Strip®)+TX,  Eretmocerus eremicus  (Enermix®)+TX,  Encarsia guadeloupae +TX,  Encarsia haitiensis +TX,  Episyrphus balteatus  (Syrphidend®)+TX,  Eretmoceris siphonini +TX,  Eretmocerus californicus +TX,  Eretmocerus eremicus  (Ercal®+TX, Eretline e®)+TX,  Eretmocerus eremicus  (Bemimix®)+TX,  Eretmocerus hayati +TX,  Eretmocerus mundus  (Bemipar®+TX, Eretline m®)+TX,  Eretmocerus siphonini 4+TX,  Exochomus quadripustulatus +TX,  Feltiella acarisuga  (Spidend®)+TX,  Feltiella acarisuga  (Feltiline®)+TX,  Fopius arisanus +TX,  Fopius ceratitivorus +TX, Formononetin (Wirless Beehome®)+TX,  Franklinothrips vespiformis  (Vespop®)+TX,  Galendromus occidentalis +TX,  Goniozus legneri +TX,  Habrobracon hebetor +TX,  Harmonia axyridis  (HarmoBeetle®)+TX,  Heterorhabditis  spp. (Lawn Patrol®)+TX,  Heterorhabditis bacteriophora  (NemaShield HB®+TX, Nemaseek®+TX, Terranem-Nam®+TX, Terranem®4+TX, Larvanem®+TX, B-Green®+TX, NemAttack®+TX, Nematop®)+TX,  Heterorhabditis megidis  (Nemasys H®+TX, BioNem H®+TX, Exhibitline hm®+TX, Larvanem-M®)+TX,  Hippodamia convergens +TX,  Hypoaspis aculeifer  (Aculeifer-System®+TX, Entomite-A®)+TX,  Hypoaspis miles  (Hypoline m®+TX, Entomite-M®)+TX,  Lbalia leucospoides +TX,  Lecanoideus floccissimus +TX,  Lemophagus errabundus +TX,  Leptomastidea abnormis +TX,  Leptomastix dactylopii  (Leptopar®)+TX,  Leptomastix epona +TX,  Lindorus lophanthae +TX,  Lipolexis oregmae +TX,  Lucilia  caesar (Natufly®)+TX,  Lysiphlebus testaceipes +TX,  Macrolophus caliginosus  (Mirical-N®+TX, Macroline c®+TX, Mirical®)+TX,  Mesoseiulus longipes +TX,  Metaphycus flavus +TX,  Metaphycus lounsburyi +TX,  Micromus angulatus  (Milacewing®)+TX,  Microterys flavus +TX,  Muscidifurax raptorellus  and  Spalangia cameroni  (Biopar®)+TX,  Neodryinus typhlocybae +TX,  Neoseiulus californicus +TX,  Neoseiulus cucumeris  (THRYPEX®)+TX,  Neoseiulus fallacis +TX,  Nesideocoris tenuis  (NesidioBug®+TX, Nesibug®)+TX,  Ophyra aenescens  (Biofly®)+TX,  Orius insidiosus  (Thripor-1®+TX, Oriline i®)+TX,  Orius laevigatus  (Thripor-L®+TX, Oriline I®)+TX,  Orius majusculus  (Oriline m®)+TX,  Orius strigicollis  (Thripor-S®)+TX,  Pauesia juniperorum +TX,  Pediobius foveolatus +TX,  Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita  (Nemaslug®)+TX,  Phymastichus coffea +TX,  Phytoseiulus macropilus +TX,  Phytoseiulus persimilis  (Spidex®+TX, Phytoline p®)+TX,  Podisus maculiventris  ( Podisus ®)+TX,  Pseudacteon curvatus +TX,  Pseudacteon obtusus +TX,  Pseudacteon tricuspis +TX,  Pseudaphycus maculipennis +TX,  Pseudleptomastix mexicana +TX,  Psyllaephagus pilosus +TX,  Psyttalia concolor  (complex)+TX,  Quadrastichus  spp.+TX,  Rhyzobius lophanthae +TX,  Rodolia cardinalis +TX,  Rumina decollate +TX,  Semielacher petiolatus +TX,  Sitobion avenae  (Ervibank®)+TX,  Steinernema carpocapsae  (Nematac C®+TX, Millenium®+TX, BioNem C®+TX, NemAttack®+TX, Nemastar®+TX, Capsanem®)+TX,  Steinernema feltiae  (NemaShield®+TX, Nemasys F®+TX, BioNem F®+TX, Steinernema-System®+TX, NemAttack®+TX, Nemaplus®+TX, Exhibitline sf®+TX, Scia-Rid®+TX, Entonem®)+TX,  Steinernema kraussei  (Nemasys L®+TX, BioNem L®+TX, Exhibitline srb®)+TX,  Steinernema riobrave  (BioVector®+TX, BioVektor®)+TX,  Steinernema scapterisci  (Nematac S®)+TX,  Steinernema  spp.+TX,  Steinernematid  spp. (Guardian Nematodes®)+TX,  Stethorus punctillum  (Stethorus®)+TX,  Tamarixia radiate +TX,  Tetrastichus setifer +TX,  Thripobius semiluteus +TX,  Torymus sinensis +TX,  Trichogramma brassicae  (Tricholine b®)+TX,  Trichogramma brassicae  (Tricho-Strip®)+TX,  Trichogramma evanescens +TX,  Trichogramma minutum +TX,  Trichogramma ostriniae +TX,  Trichogramma platneri +TX,  Trichogramma pretiosum +TX,  Xanthopimpla stemmator ; and 
     other biologicals including: abscisic acid+TX, bioSea®+TX,  Chondrostereum purpureum  (Chontrol Paste®)+TX,  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides  (Collego®)+TX, Copper Octanoate (Cueva®)+TX,  Delta traps  (Trapline d®)+TX,  Erwinia amylovora  (Harpin) (ProAct®+TX, Ni-HIBIT Gold CST®)+TX, Ferri-phosphate (Ferramol®)+TX, Funnel traps (Trapline y®)+TX, Gallex®+TX, Grower&#39;s Secret®+TX, Homo-brassonolide+TX, Iron Phosphate (Lilly Miller Worry Free Ferramol Slug &amp; Snail Bait®)+TX, MCP hail trap (Trapline f®)+TX,  Microctonus hyperodae +TX,  Mycoleptodiscus terrestris  (Des-X®)+TX, BioGain®+TX, Aminomite®+TX, Zenox®+TX, Pheromone trap (Thripline ams®)+TX, potassium bicarbonate (MilStop®)+TX, potassium salts of fatty acids (Sanova®)+TX, potassium silicate solution (Sil-Matrix®)+TX, potassium iodide+potassiumthiocyanate (Enzicur®)+TX, SuffOil-X®+TX,  Spider venom +TX,  Nosema locustae  (Semaspore Organic Grasshopper Control®)+TX,  Sticky traps  (Trapline YF®+TX, Rebell Amarillo®)+TX and Traps (Takitrapline y+b®)+TX; 
     or a biologically active compound or agent selected from: Brofluthrinate+TX, Diflovidazine+TX, Flometoquin+TX, Fluhexafon+TX,  Plutella xylostella  Granulosis virus+TX,  Cydia pomonella  Granulosis virus+TX, Imicyafos+TX,  Heliothis virescens  Nucleopolyhedrovirus+TX,  Heliothis punctigera  Nucleopolyhedrovirus+TX,  Helicoverpa zea  Nucleopolyhedrovirus+TX,  Spodoptera frugiperda  Nucleopolyhedrovirus+TX,  Plutella xylostella  Nucleopolyhedrovirus+TX, p-cymene+TX, Pyflubumide+TX, Pyrafluprole+TX, QRD 420+TX, QRD 452+TX, QRD 460+TX,  Terpenoid blends +TX, Terpenoids+TX, Tetraniliprole+TX, and α-terpinene+TX; 
     or an active substance referenced by a code+TX, such as code AE 1887196 (BSC-BX60309)+TX, code NNI-0745 GR+TX, code IKI-3106+TX, code JT-L001+TX, code ZNQ-08056+TX, code IPPA152201+TX, code HNPC-A9908 (CAS: [660411-21-2])+TX, code HNPC-A2005 (CAS: [860028-12-2])+TX, code JS118+TX, code ZJ0967+TX, code ZJ2242+TX, code JS7119 (CAS: [929545-74-4])+TX, code SN-1172+TX, code HNPC-A9835+TX, code HNPC-A9955+TX, code HNPC-A3061+TX, code Chuanhua 89-1+TX, code IPP-10+TX, code ZJ3265+TX, code JS9117+TX, code ZJ3757+TX, code ZJ4042+TX, code ZJ4014+TX, code ITM-121+TX, code DPX-RAB55 (DKI-2301)+TX, code NA-89+TX, code MIE-1209+TX, code MCI-8007+TX, code BCS-CL73507+TX, code S-1871+TX, code DPX-RDS63+TX, code AKD-1193+TX; 
     or other biologically active compounds or agents selected from: Quinofumelin+TX, mefentrifluconazol+TX, fenpicoxamid+TX, fluindapyr+TX, inpyrfluxam+TX or indiflumetpyr+TX, isoflucypram+TX, pyrapropoyne+TX, florylpicoxamid+TX, metyltetraprole+TX, ipflufenoquin+TX, pyridachlometyl+TX or chlopyridiflu+TX, tetrachlorantraniliprole+TX, tetrachloraniliprole+TX, Tetflupyrolimet+TX, Triflufenpyrrolidone+TX, Tyclopyrazoflor+TX, flupyrimin+TX or pyrifluramide+TX, benzpyrimoxan+TX, beflubutamid-M+TX, Benzosufyl+TX or oxazosulfyl+TX, etpyrafen+TX, acynonapyr+TX or pyrinonafen+TX, oxotrione+TX, bixlozone+TX or clofendizone+TX or dicloroxizone+TX, cyclopyranil+TX or pyrazocyclonil+TX or cyclopyrazonil+TX, alpha-bromadiolone+TX, Oxathiapiprolin+TX, Fluopyram+TX, Penflufen+TX, Fluoxopyrosad+TX, fluoxapiprolin+TX and Flupyradifurone+TX. 
     The references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g. [3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients are included in “The Pesticide Manual” [The Pesticide Manual—A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound; for example, the compound “abamectin” is described under entry number (1). Where “[CCN]” is added hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is included in the “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names”, which is accessible on the internet [A. Wood;  Compendium of Pesticide Common Names , Copyright © 1995-2004]; for example, the compound “acetoprole” is described under the internet address http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/acetoprole.html. 
     Most of the active ingredients described above are referred to hereinabove by a so-called “common name”, the relevant “ISO common name” or another “common name” being used in individual cases. If the designation is not a “common name”, the nature of the designation used instead is given in round brackets for the particular compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a “chemical name”, a “traditional name”, a “compound name” or a “develoment code” is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a “common name” is used, an “alternative name” is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number. 
     The active ingredient mixture of the compounds of formula I selected from Tables Y-1 to Y-8, X-1 to X-8, U-1 to U-2 and V-1 to V-6 and Table P with active ingredients described above comprises a compound selected from Tables Y-1 to Y-8, X-1 to X-8, U-1 to U-2 and V-1 to V-6 and Table P and an active ingredient as described above preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or 1:750, or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are by weight. 
     The mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body. 
     The mixtures comprising a compound of formula I selected from Tables Y-1 to Y-8, X-1 to X-8, U-1 to U-2 and V-1 to V-6 and Table P and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula I selected from Tables Y-1 to Y-8, X-1 to X-8, U-1 to U-2 and V-1 to V-6 and Table P and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention. 
     The compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides. 
     The compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries). These processes for the preparation of the compositions and the use of the compounds I for the preparation of these compositions are also a subject of the invention. 
     The application methods for the compositions, that is the methods of controlling pests of the abovementioned type, such as spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring—which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances—and the use of the compositions for controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of the invention. Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient. The rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 600 g/ha. 
     A preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question. Alternatively, the active ingredient can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field. 
     The compounds of the invention and compositions thereof are also be suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type. The propagation material can be treated with the compound prior to planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing. Alternatively, the compound can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling. These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material thus treated are further subjects of the invention. Typical treatment rates would depend on the plant and pest/fungi to be controlled and are generally between 1 to 200 grams per 100 kg of seeds, preferably between 5 to 150 grams per 100 kg of seeds, such as between 10 to 100 grams per 100 kg of seeds. 
     The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corns, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds. 
     The present invention also comprises seeds coated or treated with or containing a compound of formula I. The term “coated or treated with and/or containing” generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the seed material, depending on the method of application. When the said seed product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient. In an embodiment, the present invention makes available a plant propagation material adhered thereto with a compound of formula (I). Further, it is hereby made available, a composition comprising a plant propagation material treated with a compound of formula (I). 
     Seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting. The seed treatment application of the compound formula (I) can be carried out by any known methods, such as spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing or during the sowing/planting of the seeds. 
     BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES 
     Example B1: Activity on  Bemisia tabaci  (Cotton White Fly) 
     Cotton leaf discs were placed on agar in 24-well microtiter plates and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with adult white flies. The samples were checked for mortality 6 days after incubation. 
     The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3, P4, P6, P8, P10, P13, P14, and P15. 
     Example B2: Activity on  Diabrotica balteata  (Corn Root Worm) 
     Maize sprouts placed onto an agar layer in 24-well microtiter plates were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by spraying. After drying, the plates were infested with L2 larvae (6 to 10 per well). The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 4 days after infestation. 
     The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3, P4, P5, P7, P8, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14 and P16. 
     Example B3: Activity on  Euschistus heros  (Neotropical Brown Stink Bug) 
     Soybean leaves on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaves were infested with N2 nymphs. The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 5 days after infestation. 
     The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3, P4, P8, P9, P10, P13, P14, and P15. 
     Example B4: Activity on  Myzus persicae  (Green Peach Aphid) 
     Sunflower leaf discs were placed onto agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with an aphid population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality 6 days after infestation. 
     The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16, and P17. 
     Example B5: Activity on  Myzus persicae  (Green Peach Aphid) 
     Roots of pea seedlings infested with an aphid population of mixed ages were placed directly into aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 DMSO stock solutions. The samples were assessed for mortality 6 days after placing seedlings into test solutions. 
     The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at a test rate of 24 ppm: P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16, and P17. 
     Example B6: Activity on  Plutella xylostella  (Diamond Back Moth) 
     24-well microtiter plates with artificial diet were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by pipetting. After drying, the plates were infested with L2 larvae (10 to 15 per well). The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 5 days after infestation. 
     The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P11, P12, P14, and P15. 
     Example B7: Activity on  Spodoptera littoralis  (Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm) 
     Cotton leaf discs were placed onto agar in 24-well microtiter plates and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with five L1 larvae. The samples were assessed for mortality, anti-feeding effect, and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 3 days after infestation. Control of  Spodoptera littoralis  by a test sample is given when at least one of the categories mortality, anti-feedant effect, and growth inhibition is higher than the untreated sample. 
     The following compounds resulted in at least 80% control at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3, P4, P5, P7, P8, P11, P12, P14, P15, and P16. 
     Example B8: Activity on  Nilaparvata lugens  (Brown Plant Hopper) 
     Rice plants were treated with the diluted test solutions in a spray chamber. After drying plants were infested with ˜20 N3 nymphs. 7 days after the treatment samples were assessed for mortality and growth regulation. 
     P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, and P15 Example B9: Activity on  Nilaparvata lugens  (Brown plant hopper) Rice plants cultivated in a nutritive solution were treated with the diluted test solutions into nourishing cultivation system. 1 day after application plants were infested with ˜20 N3 nymphs. 7 days after infestation samples were assessed for mortality and growth regulation. 
     P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, and P15 
     Example B10: Activity on  Tetranychus urticae  (Two-Spotted Spider Mite) 
     Bean leaf discs on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with a mite population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality on mixed population (mobile stages) 8 days after infestation. 
     The following compound resulted in at least 80% mortality at an application rate of 200 ppm: P3. 
     Example B11: Activity on  Plutella xylostella  (Diamond Back Moth) 
     24-well microtiter plates with artificial diet were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by pipetting. After drying,  Plutella  eggs were pipetted through a plastic stencil onto a gel blotting paper and the plate was closed with it. The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 8 days after infestation. 
     The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P16, P17, P18, and P19. 
     Example B12: Activity on  Heterodera schachtii  Juvenile Mobility In Vitro Profiling in 96 Well Plate 
     Test solutions are prepared from 10′000 ppm DMSO stock solutions with a TECAN robot to achieve 20 μL of 500, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 ppm. For each concentration three replicates are produced. Per well, 80 μL nematode solution is added containing 100 to 150 freshly harvested second stage juveniles of  Heterodera schachtii . The plates are covered and stored at room temperature in the dark and incubated for 48 h. Mobility of the exposed juveniles in a treated well is measured using an imaging tool and compared to an average of 12 untreated replicates. 
     The following compounds achieved at least 60% control at 100 ppm after 48 h: P10, P15.