Patent Publication Number: US-2018028752-A1

Title: Compact medical pump device

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Currently, a conventional needle syringe is typically used for infusing fluid medicaments into a user. The conventional syringe includes a fluid-medicament reservoir typically of cylindrical cross-section as well as a plunger member for injecting the fluid into the patient. Following insertion of the needle into the patient, the plunger member is depressed and the medicament is infused into the patient. Although the cylinder is typically graduated, the infusion process is not easily controllable and due to friction between the plunger and the cylindrical medicament holder, it is difficult to infuse accurate quantities of medicament into the user. However, there are maladies such as pain-relief, which require the infusion of exact quantities of medicaments, in order to maintain the health of the patient. 
     In addition, doe to the cylindrical cross-section of the conventional syringe, portions of the medication are not injected into the patient and these portions remain inside the syringe. This causes wastage of the medicament. 
     Furthermore, due to the relatively large size of the conventional syringe device it is inconvenient for use in confined spaces. Additionally, if several medicaments are required to be injected into the patient, it is necessary for the medical personnel to remove the plunger from the syringe and refill the syringe cylinder with the new medicament and repeat the infusion process. Thus operation can be very uncomfortable and painful for the patient, who may remain with the needle inserted within his body, while the medical staff commences refilling the cylinder. 
     The following prior art is believed to be the current status of the art: 
     PCT Publication No. WO 2006/027548 describes a pump having an inlet port for connecting to a source and an outlet for supplying a pumped fluid. A rotor is rotatable within a pump housing and the inlet and the outlet ports are located around the path of the rotor within the housing. 
     German Patent No. DE 19916252 describes a low-volume fluid pump having a rotating shaft with a feat surface and including a fluid inlet port. 
     PCT Publication No. WO 2008/02072 describes an implantable delivery device including a fluid input port and a fluid output port. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,074 describes a centrifugal blood pump having a fluid input port and a fluid Output port. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,012 describes a medical pump apparatus including a flexible diaphragm and a rotating vane disposed within a pumping chamber. A motor rotates a revolving hook which engages the drive rod within the pumping chamber. The pumping chamber includes an inlet for providing a fluid to the chamber and an outlet for tube for supplying the fluid to the patient. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,179,583 describes a metering device for pressurized liquids having a rotor including a free piston operating at right angles to a rotor axis. The rotor is retained within a stator having a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,331,770 describes a disposable device for treatment and promoting healing of damaged body tissue. The device includes two fluid pumps. The first pump includes a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port. The first pump pumps a first fluid and the second pump pumps a second fluid. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,614,857 describes a medical pump including a rotary pump having an inlet and outlet. 
     The cited prior art describes prior art pumps having a fluid input port. The prior art pumps do not include a reservoir for storing the fluid to be pumped contained within the pump. 
     US Published Patent Application No. 2010/0280502 describes a medical pump including a reservoir for storing a fluid-medicament. In the prior art device, the fluid is pumped into an outlet of the device by the action of a moving piston. 
     This prior art describes a medical pump which includes a piston for supplying the fluid-medicament to a patient. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention presents a compact medical pump device for medicament-infusion of at least one fluid-medicament into a user under controlled conditions, so that a user thereof is able to receive a predetermined dosage of the at least one medicament, in accordance with medical requirements. In addition, in the present invention, the fluid-medicament is contained within a fluid reservoir which is integrated and self-contained within a fluid pump device, where the pump is a rotary fluid pump. Following use of the reservoir, the reservoir is detached from the pump and disposed thereof, and a replacement reservoir of medicament is inserted into the pump device. 
     The compact medical pump is attached to the body of the user at the requisite body location by means, such as sticky paper and/or Velcro™ pad. 
     The present invention also includes a controlled drive mechanism configured to operate a rotary pump so as to controllably discharge the medicament from the medicament reservoir. The operation of the rotary pump is controlled by a remote controller and the instructions are forwarded wirelessly to the pump device by, for example, EM signals or by acoustic signals. Additionally or alternatively, a pump controller is attached to the pump device and located on the user, and control of the pump device is conducted, for example, by wire. Thus, the user of present invention is able to control the infusion of the fluid medicament, in accordance to the medical requirements, to infuse an accurate quantity of the at least one medicament over a required time interval. 
     Due to the rotary motions of the pump&#39;s members, a smooth and electronically controlled pumping action is achieved instead of an irregular movement of the plunger of the conventional syringe due to the irregular movement of the user/medical staff performing the infusion. 
     The present invention overcomes the shortcomings and problems of the conventional syringe and the prior art devices, and presents a compact infusion device, whose operation is electronically controlled. In addition, the user and/or medical staff typically applies the medical requirements to the pump device, such as time interval for infusion and fluid flow rate by means of a remote controller, which transmits the pumping conditions to an electronic controller located, for example, internally in the pump housing. 
     Typical dimensions of the conventional syringe with those of the present invention: A conventional syringe has an internal diameter of cylindrical cross-section is approximately 0.5 cms and with a withdrawn plunger, the length of the syringe is approximately 20 cms. Inserting the plunger, the length of the syringe is reduced to approximately 10 cms. A typical fluid capacity of a conventional syringe 2 cc. The compact infusion pump of the present invention includes a height, H, of internal section of pump ( FIG. 10A ) 0.5 cms a diameter, D, ( FIG. 10A ) 2.5 cms., with a typical fluid capacity 2 cc. 
     Thus, the present invention includes a smaller and compact infusion device for storing and infusing similar quantities of medicament, in comparison with the conventional syringe. 
     The present invention is compact, permitting it to be attached to the patient&#39;s body, by means, such as sticky paper and/or as a Velcro™ strap. The present invention is attached to the patient&#39;s body and does not require removing therefrom when changing the infusing medicaments. In addition, the present invention permits storage of more than one medicament, thus it is possible to infuse more than one medicament without replacing the pump device and the user undergoing repeated discomfort and pain due to the replacement of the syringe&#39;s reservoir. 
     The infusion process of the present invention is controlled by a controller unit, thus allowing the patient to receive accurately controlled amounts of medicament in accordance with medical requirements, at pre-prescribed times. In addition, using the present device, the patient is able to receive concomitantly controlled amounts of more than one medicament in accordance with medical requirements. 
     The various elements of the pump device are manufactured without a parting line, thus ensuring a smooth connection and no-leakage between the various elements of the pump device as well as the integrity and intactness of the present invention. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a compact medical fluid infusion pump including a medicament reservoir integrated with a rotary pump and configured to contain a fluid-medicament, the rotary pump includes at least one stationary arm and at least one rotating arm and an operating device configured to Operate the rotary pump. The operating device is configured to rotate the rotating arm relative to the at least one stationary arm such that the medicament is impelled through an outlet channel of the reservoir and infusing the medicament into a user. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one stationary arm includes a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end is attached to a central axle of the reservoir and the distal end abuts an outer wall of the reservoir. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotating arm includes a proximal end and a distal end and wherein the proximal end abuts the central axle and the distal end is attached to the outer wall. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the outlet channel is located within the at least one stationary arm attached and the outlet channel is located within the at least one rotating arm attached. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the operating device includes a mechanical drive mechanism. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operating device includes a manual operating mechanism. 
     Preferably, the drive mechanism is mechanically coupled to the reservoir and rotates the reservoir about the central axle thereby impelling the fluid out of the reservoir. The drive mechanism is mechanically coupled to the central axle and rotates the at least one rotating arm within the reservoir thereby impelling the fluid out of the reservoir. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir includes a replacement air input channel thereby replacement air flows into the reservoir to replace the dispensed medicament. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir has a spherical-contoured outer wall. 
     Preferably, the reservoir has an ellipsoidal-contoured outer wall. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the compact fluid pump includes a medicament outlet fluidly coupled to a syringe needle for infusing the medicament into the user. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the compact infusion pump further including a controller adapted to control dispensing of the at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament through the medicament outlet. 
     The reservoir is disposable, detachable and reusable. 
     In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a compact fluid infusion pump for infusing at least one fluid-medicament into a user including a housing, a medicament reservoir located within the housing, configured to contain the at least one fluid medicament and including a medicament outlet. The drive mechanism is configured to operate the pump thereby impelling at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament out of the reservoir and infusing the at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament into the user via the medicament outlet. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the drive mechanism is coupled to an outer wall of the medicament reservoir, thereby rotating the reservoir about a central axis of the housing. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir includes: at least one stationary arm, including a proximal end attached to the central axle, a contoured distal end abutting an outer wall the reservoir and at least one medicament channel located within the stationary arm and fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir further includes: at least one rotating arm, including: a contoured proximal end abutting the central axle and a distal end attached the outer wall of the reservoir. By rotating the reservoir the at least one rotating arm impels the at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament through the at least one medicament channel and into the outlet. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the drive mechanism is coupled to a central axle of the reservoir thereby rotating the central axle of the medicament reservoir and maintaining the reservoir stationary. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir includes: at least one stationary arm, including: a proximal end attached to the central axle, and a contoured distal end abutting an outer wall of the reservoir. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir further includes: at least one rotating arm, including: a contoured proximal end abutting the center axle, a distal end attached to the outer wall of the reservoir; at least one medicament channel located within the rotating arm and fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet. By rotating the central axis the at least one stationary arm impels the at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid--medicament through the at least One medicament channel and into the medicament channel. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the compact pump includes a controller adapted to control dispensing of the at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament. Preferably, the controller is remote from the fluid infusion pump or the controller is attached to the fluid infusion pump. Alternatively, the controller is located within the fluid infusion pump. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the controller is adapted to control a fluid infusion rate of the at least one fluid-medicament into the circulatory system of the user, a fluid infusion rate of the at least one fluid-medicament subcutaneously into the user. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the drive mechanism includes a power supply, a motor and a gear mechanism mechanically coupled to the motor by means of a drive shaft. The drive mechanism includes a mechanical drive mechanism and/or an electromechanical drive mechanism. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medicament reservoir includes an encoder for determining an angular rotation of the medicament reservoir and/or the central axle. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a quantity of the infused at least one fluid-medicament. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the encoder determines a quantity of infused at least one fluid-medicament and an infusion time interval thereby determining a fluid flow rate of the at least one fluid medicament. 
     Furthermore the reservoir further includes graduation marks the graduation marks are selected from the group consisting of optical marks, magnetic marks, number of teeth of the gear mechanism, induction marks and/or any combination thereof. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the encoder further includes a reading head for reading the graduation marks and determining the angular rotation of the reservoir, the reading head is selected from the group consisting of an optical reading head, a magnetic reading head, an induction reading head and any combination thereof. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the encoder determines a blockage in the medicament outlet and/or the encoder determines an electromechanical failure in the drive mechanism. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir further includes at least one air inlet port for inflow of replacement air to replace an infused quantity of at least one fluid-medicament ejected from the infusion pump. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the central axle is coated with a sealant thereby preventing leakage of the fluid between the at least one stationary arm and the at least one rotating arm. Typically, the sealant materials include rubber, Silicone rubber, polymerized siloxanes and/or polysiloxanes, such as WKT and Polydimethylsiloxane and/or any combination thereof. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the at least one stationary arm includes a smooth contoured distal end thereby enabling an uninterrupted rotation of the reservoir about the central axle and the at least one rotating arm includes a smooth contoured proximal end thereby enabling an uninterrupted rotation of the reservoir about the central axle. 
     There is provided in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention a compact fluid infusion pump for infusing at least one fluid-medicament into a user including: a housing, a medicament reservoir located within the housing, including: a central axle, at least one stationary arm extending through the central axle and partitioning the reservoir into at least two compartments, each one of the at least two compartments is configured to contain the at least one fluid-medicament, and at least one fluid-medicament outlet fluidly coupled to the each one of the at least two compartments, and a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism is configured to operate the pump thereby impelling at least one first predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament out of a first compartment and at least one second predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament out of a second compartment and infusing the first and second dosages into the user via the medicament outlet. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir further includes: at least one rotating arm extending through the central axle, including: a contoured proximal end abutting attached to the central axle, a distal end attached to an outer wall the reservoir, and a medicament channel fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet. By rotating the reservoir the rotating arm impels the at least one first predetermined dosage and the at least one second predetermined dosage into the medicament channel. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the first compartment and the second compartment include equal fluid capacities. Alternatively, the first compartment and the second compartment have unequal fluid capacities. 
     In accordance with yet a further embodiment of the present invention, a compact fluid infusion pump for infusing at least one fluid-medicament into a user including: a housing; a medicament reservoir located within the housing and including at least two stacked reservoirs, each one of the at least two compartments is configured to contain at least one fluid-medicament, and a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism is configured to operate the pump thereby impelling a predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament out of one of the at least two stacked reservoirs into the user via the medicament outlet. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment Of the present invention the at least one of the at least two stacked reservoirs includes: at least one rotating arm located, including: a contoured proximal end abutting the central axle, a distal end attached to an outer wall the lower reservoir, at least one medicament channel fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet. By rotating the at least one of the at least two reservoirs the predetermined dosage is impelled through into the at least one medicament channel. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each one of the at least two stacked reservoirs include equal capacities of the fluid-medicaments. 
      Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention each one of the at least two stacked reservoirs include unequal capacities of the fluid-medicaments. 
     Further it accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the central axle is coated with a sealant thereby preventing leakage of the fluid between the at least one stationary arm and the at least one rotating arm. Typically, the sealant materials includes materials includes rubber, Silicone rubber, polymerized siloxanes and/or polysiloxanes, such as WKT and Polydimethylsiloxane. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the at least one stationary arm includes a smooth contoured distal end thereby enabling an uninterrupted rotation of the reservoir about the central axle and the at least one rotating arm includes a smooth contoured proximal end thereby enabling an uninterrupted rotation of the reservoir about the central axle. 
     The reservoir is disposable, detachable and reusable. 
     There is provided in accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for infusing at least one fluid-medicament into a patient including: providing a compact fluid infusion pump, integrating a fluid medicament reservoir with the fluid pump, selecting a control application according to predetermined medical requirements on a remote control unit the remote control unit in communications a controller located in the compact pump, selecting a unique pairing mechanism on the remote control unit enabling communications between the remote control unit and the compact pump, communicating the selected application to the pump, receiving the application at the controller and activating the pump, and operating the pump so as to enable an infusion of the medicament into a patient. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the checking a rotation angle of the reservoir by an encoder to determine if the required quantity of medicament has been administered to the patient. 
     There is provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a compact fluid infusion pump including: a fluid reservoir integrated with a rotary pump and containing a fluid, the rotary pump includes at least one stationary arm and at least one rotating arm, and an operating device configured to operate the rotary pump. The operating device is configured to rotate the rotating arm relative to the at least one stationary arm such that the fluid is impelled through an outlet channel of the reservoir and into a fluid outlet. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the at least one stationary arm includes a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end is attached to a central axle of the reservoir and the distal end abuts an Outer wall of the reservoir. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the rotating arm includes a proximal end and a distal end and wherein the proximal end abuts the central axle and the distal end is attached to the outer wall. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the outlet channel is located within the at least one stationary arm attached. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the outlet channel is located within the at least one rotating arm attached. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the operating device includes a mechanical drive mechanism. 
     Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the operating device includes a manual operating mechanism. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir includes a replacement air input channel thereby replacement air flows into the reservoir to replace the dispensed medicament. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the drive mechanism is mechanically coupled to the reservoir and rotates the reservoir about the central axle thereby impelling the fluid out of the reservoir. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir has a spherical-contoured outer wall. 
     Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the reservoir has an ellipsoidal-contoured outer wall. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the drive mechanism is mechanically coupled to the central axle and rotates the at least one rotating arm within the reservoir thereby impelling the fluid out of the reservoir. 
     Additionally, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the including a controller adapted to control dispensing of the at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid through the fluid outlet. 
     The reservoir is disposable, detachable and reusable. 
     There is provided in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method of assembling a compact fluid infusion pump comprising: providing a first portion of a semi-circular leakage-proof fluid reservoir having a contoured outer wall and an upper cutout and a lower cutout, providing a second portion of a semi-circular leakage-proof fluid reservoir having a contoured outer wall and an upper cutout and a lower cutout, providing at least two stationary arms rotating arms and attaching said stationary arms to contoured central axle, inserting said central axle and at least two stationary arms into by inserting said central axle into said upper cutout and said lower cutout located in said first portion, inserting a first stationary arm into said first portion, rotating a second stationary arm into said second portion and bonding said first and said second portions. 
     Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, central axle, said first stationary and said second stationary are coated with a compressible sealant material on said central axle. The sealant material is selected from the group consisting of rubber, Silicone rubber, polymerized siloxanes, polysiloxanes, WKT, Polydimethylsiloxane and any combination thereof. 
     It is appreciated that the present invention has additional non-medical applications, which also require accurately controlled insertion of fluid into a device or system. For such uses, the current pump device is fluidly coupled to an inlet port of the device and the infusion process proceeds. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A preferred embodiment of the current invention is described hereinbelow with reference to the following drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a fluid infusion pump device for infusing at least one fluid-medicament into a user, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows further details of the fluid infusion pump device shown in  FIG. 1 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  shows the drive mechanism of the pump device, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  presents an alternative arrangement of the mechanical coupling of the reservoir to the drive mechanism, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  presents a view of the reservoir as coupled to the drive mechanism, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  presents a side-view of the reservoir, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C  show an internal structure of the reservoir, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  shows the fluid flow system in the center axle, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  presents a top-view of the base of the infusion pump device, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10A  shows the encoder unit, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10B  shows an encoder disc and graduation marks, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  shows the initial locations of the rotating arm and the stationary arm, prior to infusion of the medicament, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  shows the locations of the rotating arm and the stationary arm for a partially empty reservoir, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  shows an end-of-travel location of the rotating arm and the stationary arm for an empty reservoir, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  presents a view of the reservoir including, inter alia, the rotating and stationary arms extend diametrically through a central axle and partitions the reservoir into at least two compartments, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  shows the locations of the diametrically rotating and stationary arms in which the reservoir is partially empty, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 16  shows the locations of the diametrically rotating and stationary arms in which the reservoir is empty, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 17A and 17B  present a top-view and a side-view, respectively, of a reservoir in which the medicament exits the reservoir via the rotating arm, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 18A and 18B  present a top-view and a side-view, respectively, of the full reservoir in which the medicament exits the reservoir via the stationary arm, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  present a top-view and a side-view, respectively, of a two-compartment reservoir in which the medicament exits the reservoir via the stationary arm, in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  present a cross-sectional view and a side-view, respectively, of a two-compartment reservoir with equal fluid capacities, in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 21  presents a cross-sectional view and a side-view, respectively, of a two-compartment reservoir with unequal fluid capacities, in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 22  presents a side-view of a stacked reservoir with at least two compartments having equal fluid capacities; in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 23  presents a side-view of a stacked reservoir with at least two compartments having unequal fluid capacities; in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 24A, 24B and 24C  show reservoirs having different wall geometries, in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 25  presents a control system for controlling the operation of the pump device, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 26A and 26B , combined, present a flow chart for the process of infusing a fluid-medicament into the user, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 27  presents an assembling process for constructing a reservoir by assembling its various elements, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and 
         FIG. 28  shows the use of the pump for a non-medical use, such as in the breaking system of motor-car, in accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 1 , which shows a fluid infusion pump device  10  for infusing at least one fluid-medicament to a user, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The infusion pump device  10  includes, inter alia, a housing  12  and a detachable and disposable reservoir  14  located therein and containing at least one fluid-medicament  16 . The infusion pump device  10  operates as a rotary pump with the fluid reservoir  14  located therein. The reservoir  14  is mechanically coupled to a drive mechanism  26 , as described below. A medicament outlet conduit  18  is attached to the reservoir  14 . 
     The pump device  10  is coupled to an infusion device, such as a syringe needle and/or a cannula, as described below, so that the medicament is infused into the user. Infusion methods are known in the art. 
     The reservoir  14  is operated, in accordance with instructions received from a pump controller unit  19 . The reservoir  14  includes as least one stationary arm and at least one rotating arm, such that on receiving appropriate instructions from the controller, the drive mechanism  26  rotates the reservoir  14 , such that a rotatable arm attached to an inner wall of the reservoir rotates relative to the stationary arm and at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one medicament  16  is impelled into the medicament outlet conduit  18 , as described below. Thus, a predetermined dosage of the medicament is infused into the user, in accordance with medical requirements. 
     The medical infusion instructions, such as quantity of medicament, number of medicaments for infusion, times of infusion and infusion rates, are supplied by the user and/or medical staff instructions, typically, to a remote controller  21 . The remote controller  21  forwards the instructions, wirelessly, such as by EM signals or acoustic signals, and/or by wire to the pump controller  19 . The pump controller  19  operates the drive mechanism  26 , in accordance with the received instructions. 
       FIG. 1  shows the remote controller  21  is remotely located. Alternatively, the pump  10  includes a self-controlled functionality and does not require an external remote controller panel  21   
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 2 , which shows further details of the fluid infusion pump device  10  for infusing at least one fluid-medicament to the user, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The medicament outlet conduit  18  is coupled to the reservoir  14  for infusing the medicament  16  into the user. An infusion needle  20  is fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet  18  conduit and the infusion needle  20  is stored within a central axle  60  ( FIG. 8 ) A controlled supply of the medicament  16  is thus applied to the user by the pump device  10 . 
     The reservoir  14  is attached to a pump chassis  22  and is rotated about a central axis  24  of the housing  12  by means of a drive mechanism  26 . The housing  12  includes, inter ilia, an upper pin  28  and a lower pin  30  ( FIG. 6 ), which are inserted and locked into corresponding indents  32  and  34  ( FIG. 5 ), respectively, in the reservoir  14 , as is known in the art. During operation of the pump device  10 , the reservoir  14  rotates about the central axis  24   
     The drive mechanism  26  rotates the medicament reservoir  14 , as described below, about the central axis  24  of the housing  12 , thereby impelling at least one predetermined dosage of the at least one fluid-medicament  16  out of the reservoir  14  and into the user, via the medicament outlet conduit  18 . 
     Reference is now also made to  FIG. 3 , which shows the drive mechanism  26 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, The drive mechanism  26 , typically, includes, inter alia, a motor  36 , such as an electric DC stepper motor, an AC motor, a piezoelectric motor, a motor including a shape memory element SME, such as nitinol wire, which is typically powered by a power supply  38  ( FIG. 2 ), such as at least one battery. The motor  36  is typically mechanically coupled to the reservoir  14  by means of a drive shaft  40  and a worm gear device  42 , including a worm wheel  44 , which is attached to the chassis  22  ( FIG. 2 ). Alternatively, a teeth wheel gear mechanism is used to rotate the reservoir  14 . 
     The drive mechanism  26  includes a mechanical drive mechanism and/or an electromechanical drive mechanism. 
     Alternatively, the drive mechanism  26  is attached to the central axle  60  ( FIG. 5 ) thereby rotating the central axle  60  and the reservoir  14  is stationary. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the power supply is located externally to the pump device  10  and supplies power to the motor  36 , as is known in the art. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 4 , which presents an alternative arrangement of the mechanical coupling of the reservoir  14  to the drive mechanism  24 , in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the mechanical coupling shown in  FIG. 4 , a worm wheel  48  is directly attached to a contoured outer wall  49  of the reservoir  14  and the reservoir  14  is directly rotated by the drive mechanism  26 . This arrangement precludes attaching the worm wheel  48  to the chassis  26 . 
       FIG. 4  also shows a lower cutout  50  and an upper cutout  51  for receiving the central axle  60  ( FIG. 5 ). 
     It is also show in  FIG. 4  that the contoured outer wail  49  of the reservoir  14  preferably has an ellipsoidal geometry. The ellipsoidal contour of the reservoir  14  provides an optimal ratio between the fluid volume contained in the reservoir  14  to an outer surface area of the reservoir  14 . The central axle  60  of the reservoir  14  also has ellipsoidal cross-section ( FIG. 6 ) 
     The reservoir  14  and/or the central axis  60  may also have alternative geometrical cross-sections, such as a spherical geometry. It is appreciated that for the alternative cross-sections, the various elements of the reservoir require appropriate modification. 
     A PCB  52  ( FIG. 2 ) is typically attached to an inner surface  54  of the housing  12  and includes a control unit  56  for controlling the operation of the pump  10 , such that the rotation of the reservoir  14  and infusion of the medicament  16  is controlled such that a required and predetermined quantity of the medicament  16  is provided by the pump device  10  to the user. Typically, the control unit  56  also controls communications with the remote controller  21 , an infusion-quantity of the medicament  16 , a time of infusion of the medicament  16  into the user and a flow rate infusion of the at least one medicament  16  into the user. 
     It is appreciated that the pump device  10  is also applicable for situations which require accurate quantities of fluid to be administered in non-medical situations, as described below. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 5 , which presents a view of the reservoir  14  as coupled to the drive mechanism  26 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, The reservoir  14  includes, inter alia, a contoured central axle  60  of rotation, the upper pin  28  ( FIG. 6 ) is inserted into the upper insert  32  and the lower pin  30  ( FIG. 6 ) is inserted into the lower inset lower insert  34 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 6 , which presents a cross-sectional view  62  of the reservoir  14 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The reservoir  14  includes, inter alia, a central axis  60  and the upper pin  28  and the lower pin  30  are inserted into the center axle  60  of the reservoir  14 . The upper pin  28  and the lower pin  30  are inserted and locked in the corresponding indents  32  and  34  of the central axle  60  Typically, the drive mechanism  26  rotates the reservoir  14  relative to the central axis  60 . 
     It is seen that the reservoir  14  typically has an ellipsoidal contour outer surface  68 . The contoured surface  68  provides structural strength and stiffness to the reservoir  14 . 
     Alternatively, the drive mechanism  26  is mechanically coupled to the central axle  60  and the central axle  60  is rotated and the reservoir  14  is stationary. 
     It is seen in  FIG. 6  that an encoder  73  is attached to the reservoir  14  The encoder  73  determines the rotation of the reservoir  14  thereby ensuring that the required quantity of the medicament  16  is infused into the user, as described below. 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C , which show an internal structure  74  of the reservoir  14 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is shown in  FIG. 7A  that the reservoir  14  also includes, inter alia, a peripheral wall  66 , at least one rotating arm  72  and at least one stationary arm  76 . The stationary arm  76  has a proximal end  78  and a contoured distal end  80 . The proximal end  78  is attached to a contoured surface  69  of the central axle  60  and the contoured proximal end  80  abuts the peripheral wall  66 . 
     It is appreciated that the contoured end  80  has a corresponding contour to the outer surface  49  of the reservoir  14 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 7B , which shows that the rotating arm  72  also includes a contoured proximal end  84  and a contoured distal end  86 . The contoured proximal end  84  is attached to the contoured surface  69  of the center axle  60  and the contoured distal end  86  is attached to the peripheral wall  66  of the reservoir  14 . Thus, on rotation of the reservoir  14 , the rotating arm  72  rotates with the reservoir  14 , about the center axle  60  and the medicament is impelled out of the reservoir  14  into the outlet  18 . It is appreciated that the at least one rotating arm  72  rotates relative to the at least one stationary arm  76 . 
     It is appreciated that the contoured ends  84  and  86  have contours which correspond to the contour of the outer surface  49  of the reservoir  14  and the contour  69  of the central axle  60 , respectively. 
     In order to prevent leakage of the fluid  16  from the reservoir  14 , the peripheral wall  66 , the contoured surface  69  of the center axle  60 , the peripheries of the stationary and the rotating arms are coated with a sealant  63 , such as rubber, Silicone rubber, polymerized siloxanes and/or polysiloxanes, such as WKT and Polydimethylsiloxane. 
     It is appreciated that in addition to the use of the sealant  63  for preventing leakage, the peripheral wall  49 , the peripheries of the stationary and the rotating arms have corresponding smooth and contoured walls without sharp edges and corners. 
       FIG. 7C  shows the contoured center axle  60  coated with the sealant  63 . The smooth contoured wall of the central axle  60  coated with the sealant  63 , prevent seepage and leakage of fluid between the various compartments and chambers of the pump device  10   
     The sealant  63  prevents seepage and leakage of the fluid medicament  16  from the full compartments of the reservoir  14  to partially and/or empty portions of the reservoir  14 , as the reservoir  14  rotates. In addition, the sealant  63  prevents leakage and seepage of replacement air (as described below) front the fluid-free portions of the compartments to fluid-tilled compartments of the reservoir  14 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 8 , which shows a fluid flow system  91  in the center axle  60 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The fluid flow system  91  includes at least one outlet fluid channel  90 . The channel  90  is located within the medicament outlet conduit  18  and is coupled to the infusion needle  20 . The fusion needle  20  is stored within the central axle  60 . For infusion, a septum in the cannula is inserted into the outlet  18 , such that the needle  20  pierces the septum, as is known in the art. 
     The fluid channel  90  is located within the stationary arm  76  The rotation of the reservoir  14  impels the predetermined dosage of the medicament  16  to the medicament outlet  18  via the channel  90  and into the user. 
     Alternatively, the fluid channel  90  is located within the rotating arm  72 . The rotation of the reservoir  14  impels the predetermined dosage of the medicament  16  to the medicament outlet  18  via the fluid channel  90 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, each one of the at least one rotating arm  72  and each one of the at least the stationary arm  76  includes at least one outlet fluid channel fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet conduit  18 , as described below. On rotation of the reservoir  14 , the predetermined dosage of the medicament  16  is impelled through the respective outlet fluid channels located within the rotating arm  72  and stationary arm  76 , impelling the fluid  16  through the medicament outlet  18 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 9 , which presents a view of the reservoir  14 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. In  FIG. 9  it is shown that as the rotating arm  72  rotates about the central axle  60 , replacement air  96  flows into the reservoir  14  via an air inlet port  98 . Replacement air  96  flows into the reservoir  14  and replaces the quantity of at least one fluid-medicament ejected from the pump device  10 . 
     Reference is now also made to  FIG. 10A , which shows the encoder  73 , includes, inter alia, an inscribed disc  101 , a radiation source  102  and a reading head  103 , such as an optical reading head, a magnetic reading head, an induction reading head and/or any combination thereof Graduation marks  104  are included on the disc  101  ( FIG. 10B ), such that as the disc  101  rotates, the encoder  73  determines a rotation of the reservoir  14 . The encoder  73  is wirelessly and/or wirely connected to the control unit  56  ( FIG. 2 ). 
     In  FIG. 10A , the central axle  60  rotates and the reservoir is stationary. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 10B  which shows the graduation marks  104 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention In  FIG. 10B , the central axle  60  is stationary and the reservoir  14  rotates. 
     As the reservoir  14  rotates, the graduation marks  104  pass the reading head  103  and the reading head  103  records the number of marks sensed, as known in the art. The encoder  73  processes the data and determines the quantity of medicament being released from the reservoir  14  and impelled into the medicament outlet conduit  18 . The encoder  73  records the operational time interval of the reservoir  14  and the control unit  56  determines a flow rate of the fluid  16  infused in the user. The control unit  56  also determines if a required quantity of the medicament has been infused into the user. 
     Furthermore, the control unit  56  determines if the quantify of ejected fluid fulfills the medical requirements. If the medical requirements are fulfilled, the control  56  instructs the drive mechanism  26  to suspend further rotation of the reservoir  14 . 
     As describe below ( FIGS. 26A and 26B ), the user of the device  10  selects an infusion application  94  on the remote panel  21  ( FIG. 1 ) for the infusion of the medicament  16  in accordance to the user&#39;s medical requirements, as described below, and selects a predetermined dosage of the medicament  16 , in accordance with the user&#39;s requirements. The drive mechanism  26  rotates the reservoir  14  accordingly. The rotating arm  72  impels the predetermined dosage of the fluid-medicament  16  through the outlet fluid port  90  and into the outlet medicament channel  92  The predetermined dosage of the medicament  16  flows through the medicament outlet conduit  18  and into the syringe needle  20 . 
     Since medicament infusion into a patient requires the infusion of accurate quantities of the medicament and as typically mechanical devices have an inherent inaccuracy, the encoder  73  permits a closed-loop control for the reservoir angular rotation thereby reducing mechanical inaccuracies in determining the rotation of the reservoir. In the present invention, the accuracy of rotation is determined by the accuracy of the location of the graduation marks  104 . Thus, the pump device  10  provides a cost efficient and accurate pump device for administering required and accurate quantities of medicaments to the patient. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 11 , which presents a view of the reservoir  14  filled with the medicament  16  and the initial locations of the rotating arm  72  and the stationary arm  76 , prior to infusion of the medicament  16  into the user. It is shown in  FIG. 11  that the stationary arm  76  and the rotating arm  72  are initially not in contact. There is an air gap  104  between the arms  76  and  72 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 12 , which shows a location of the rotating arm  72  for a typical situation in which the reservoir  14  is partially empty, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is shown in  FIG. 12  that as the rotating arm  72  rotates replacement air  108  flows into the reservoir  14 , through the air gap  96  and replaces the fluid  16  which has been pumped out of the device  10 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 13 , which shows an end-of-travel location of the rotating arm  72  for a typical situation in which the reservoir  14  is empty, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is shown in  FIG. 13  that the rotating arm  72  has reached the end of its travel and the replacement air  108  fills the reservoir  14 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 14 , which presents a view of a reservoir  109  in which a stationary arm  110  extends diametrically through a central axle  111  and partitions the reservoir  14  into at least two compartments  112  and  114 , in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The reservoir  109  includes a rotating arm  116  which extends diametrically through the central axle  111  as well as two initial air gaps  118  and  120 . As reservoir  109  rotates replacement air  108  flows into the reservoir  109 , as described above, and replaces the fluid which has been pumped out of the device  10 . 
     It is appreciated that the compartments  112  and  114  can store different medicaments  122  and  124 , such as morphine and/or ziconotide. 
     On activation of the device  109 , the arm  116  rotates in a clockwise direction, as indicated by an arrow  126  and the reservoir  109  releases the medicaments  122  and  124  into the medicament outlet  18   
     It is further appreciated that the compartments  122  and  124  are not necessarily of the same volumetric size and thus each compartment is able to store different capacities of medicaments  122  and  124 . 
     It is additionally appreciated that due to the reservoir  109  including the diametrically positioned arms  110  and  116 , the reservoir  109  is able to more accurately administer quantities of medicaments  122  and  124  in comparison to the reservoir  14 , described with respect to  FIGS. 11-13 . In the reservoir  109 , the central axle  111  jitter during rotation of the reservoir  109  is limited, since the axle  111  is fixed to the base  68  by means of the diametrical stationary arm  110 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 15 , which shows a location of the rotating arm  116  for a typical situation in which the reservoir  109  is partially empty, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention it is shown in  FIG. 15  that as the rotating arm  116  rotates replacement air  128  flows into the reservoir  109  and replaces the medicaments  122  and  124  which have been pumped out of the pump  10 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 16 , which shows a location of the rotating arm  116  for a typical situation in which the reservoir  109  is empty, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is shown in  FIG. 16  that the rotating arm  116  has reached the end of its travel and the replacement air  128  fills the compartments  122  and  124 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 17A  which presents a top view of the reservoir  14 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     Reference is also made to  FIG. 17B  which presents a side view of the reservoir  14  in a direction A-A of  FIG. 17A , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 17A and 17B  show a fluid outlet port  130  is located in the stationary arm  76  and is fluidly coupled to a fluid flow channel  132  located within the arm  76  The fluid flow channel is fluidly coupled to the fluid channel  132 , which is coupled to the medicament outlet  18  (not shown) In  FIG. 17B  it is shown that the fluid channel  132  extends into the lower pin  30 , such that the medicament  16  exits the reservoir via the lower pin  30 . Alternatively, the fluid channel  132  extends into the upper pin  28 , positioned such that the medicament exits the reservoir  14  via the upper pin  28 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the fluid channel  132  is bifurcated and extends into the lower pin  30  and the upper pin  28 , such that the medicament flows from the reservoir  14  via the lower  30  and upper pin  28 . 
     As reservoir  14  rotates replacement air flows into the reservoir  14 , as described above, and replaces the fluid which has been pumped out of the device  10 . 
       FIG. 17A  shows that the reservoir  14  is partially empty and as the rotating arm  72  rotates in a clockwise direction, as indicated by a direction arrow  136 , the medicament  16  flows through the port  130 , located in the stationary arm  76 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 18A  which presents a view of the reservoir  14 , in accordance with an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     Reference is also made to  FIG. 18B  which presents a side view of the reservoir  14  in a direction B-B of  FIG. 18A , in accordance with an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 18A and 18B  show a fluid outlet port  140  is located in the rotating arm  72  and is fluidly coupled to a fluid flow channel  142  located within the arm  72  and outer wall  49  of the reservoir  14 . The fluid flow channel  142  is fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet  18  (not shown). In  FIG. 18A , an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in which the channel  142  extends through the outer  49  and the fluid  16  flows to the outlet  18  via the wall  49  and not through the central axle  60 . 
       FIG. 18A  shows that the reservoir  14  is partially empty and as the rotating arm  72  rotates in a clockwise direction, as indicated by a direction arrow  146 , the medicament  16  flows through the port  140 , located in the, rotating arm  72 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the channel  142  is bifurcated and extends into the central axle  60  and the wall  49 , such that the medicament  16  flows out of the reservoir  14  via the axle  60  and the wall  49 . 
     As reservoir  14  rotates replacement air flows into the reservoir  14 , as described above, and replaces the fluid which has been pumped out of the device  10 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 19A  which presents a top-view of a reservoir  160 , in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     Reference is also made to  FIG. 19B  which presents a side view of the reservoir  160  in a direction C-C of  FIG. 19A , in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 19A and 19B  present a cross-sectional view and a side-view, respectively, of the reservoir  160 , including an outer wall  161  and a stationary arm  162  which extends diametrically through a central axle  164  and partitions the reservoir  160  into at least two compartments  166  and  168 . The reservoir  160  includes a rotating arm  170  which also extends diametrically through the central axle  164 . 
     It is shown in  FIG. 19A  that the stationary arm  162  includes at least two fluid outlet ports  172  and  174 . The ports  172  and  174  are fluidly coupled to fluid flow channels  180  and  182 , respectively. The fluid flow channels  180  and  182  are fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet  18  ( FIG. 19B ). 
       FIG. 19A  shows that the reservoir  160  is partially full and as the rotating arm rotates in a clockwise direction, as indicated by a direction arrow  186 , the medicament  16  flows through the ports  172  and  174 , located in the stationary arm  162 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the channels  180  and  182  are fluidly coupled to a channel  189  which extends into the central axle  164  and the wall  161 , such that the medicament  16  flows out of the reservoir  160  via the axle  164  and the wall  161 . 
     As reservoir  160  rotates replacement air flows into the reservoir  160 , as described above, and replaces the fluid which has been pumped out of the device  10 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 20A , which presents a view of a reservoir  200 , in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     Reference is also made to  FIG. 20B  which presents a side-view of the reservoir  200  in a direction D-D of  FIG. 20A , in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 20A and 20B  present a top-view and a side-view, respectively, of the reservoir  200 , including an outer wall  201  and a stationary arm  202  which extends through a central axle  204  and partitions the reservoir  200  into at least two compartments  206  and  208 , of unequal fluid capacities. Typically, the compartment  206  has a larger capacity than the compartment  208  The reservoir  200  includes rotating arm  212  and  214  which extend towards the central axle  204 . The arm  212  is typically longer than the arm  214 . The arm  212  rotates in the larger compartment  206  and the arm  214  rotates in the smaller compartment  208 . 
     It is shown in  FIG. 20A  that the stationary arm  202  includes at least two fluid outlet ports  218  and  220 . The ports  218  and  220  are fluidly coupled to a fluid flow channel  222 . 
       FIG. 20A  shows that the reservoir  200  is full and as the rotating arms  212  and  214  rotate in an anti-clockwise direction, as indicated by a direction arrow  226 , the medicament  16  flows through the ports  218  and  220 , located in the stationary arm  202 . 
     It is appreciated that the reservoir  200  provides unequal capacities of medicaments to the user. Typically, the compartment  206  includes a larger capacity of a medicament  211  than the compartment  208  provides of the medicament  213 . 
     Thus, the user is able to receive unequal capacities of medicaments  211  and  213 . 
     As reservoir  200  rotates replacement air flows into the reservoir  200 , as described above, and replaces the fluid which has been pumped out of the device  10 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 21 , which presents a cross-sectional view of a reservoir  224 , in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 21  presents a top-view of the reservoir  224 , including an outer wall  226  and at least three stationary arms  237 ,  238  and  239  which are attached to a central axle  232  and partition the reservoir  224  into at least three compartments  234 ,  235  and  236 , respectively. The reservoir  224  includes at least three corresponding rotating arms  228 ,  229  and  230  which are attached to a wall  226  of the reservoir  224 . 
       FIG. 21  shows that the rotating arms  228 ,  229  and  230  rotate in a clockwise direction, as indicated by a direction arrow  248 . 
     It is shown in  FIG. 21  that stationary arms  237 ,  238  and  239  include at least three fluid outlet ports  250 ,  252  and  254 , respectively. The ports  250 ,  252  and  254  are fluidly coupled to corresponding flow channels (not shown). The fluid flow channels are fluidly coupled to the medicament outlet  18  ( FIG. 1 ). 
       FIG. 21  shows that the reservoir  224  is able to provide the user with at least three different medicaments. 
     It is appreciated that the reservoir  224  can include any number of compartments. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 22  which presents a side-view of a stacked reservoir  270 , in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The stacked reservoir  270  includes, inter alia, at least two reservoirs, a lower reservoir  272  and an upper reservoir  274 , contained with a lower housing  276  and an upper housing  278 , respectively. Typically, the lower housing  272  and the upper housing  274  are mechanically-coupled and the lower and upper reservoirs  272  and  274  are of equal fluid capacities. 
     The upper reservoir  274  includes a fluid exit channel  306  and the lower reservoir  272  includes a fluid exit channel  308 . The medicament exits the upper reservoir  274  through the channel  306  and the medicament in the lower reservoir  272  exits via the channel  308 . The medicament then flows through a fluid channel  310  towards the medicament outlet  18  (not shown). 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 23  which presents a side-view of a stacked reservoir  320 , in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention. The stacked reservoir  320  includes, inter alia, at least two reservoirs, a lower reservoir  322  and an upper reservoir  324 , contained with a lower housing  326  and an upper housing  328 , respectively. Typically, the lower housing  326  and the upper housing  328  are mechanically coupled and the lower and upper reservoirs  322  and  324  are of unequal fluid capacities. 
     The upper reservoir  324  includes a fluid exit channel  330  and the lower reservoir  322  includes a fluid exit channel  332 . The medicament exits the upper reservoir  324  through the channel  330  and the medicament in the lower reservoir  322  exits via a channel  334 . The medicament then flows through a fluid channel  332  towards the medicament outlet  18  (not shown). 
     It is appreciated that he reservoir  320  provides unequal capacities of medicaments to the user. 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 24A, 24B and 24C , which show reservoirs having different wall geometries, in accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the invention. 
       FIG. 24A  shows a reservoir  400  with a geometrical shape shown in the figure. The reservoir  400  includes, inter alia, a reservoir wall  402 , a rotating arm  404 , a stationary arm  406 , a fluid channel  408  and a replacement air inlet port  409 . 
       FIG. 24B  shows a reservoir  410  with a geometrical shape shown in the figure. The reservoir  410  includes, inter alia, a reservoir wall  412 , a rotating arm  414 , a stationary arm  416 , a fluid channel  418  and a replacement air inlet port  419 . 
       FIG. 24C  shows a reservoir  420  with a geometrical shape shown in the figure. The reservoir  420  includes, inter alia, a reservoir wall  422 , a rotating arm  424 , a stationary arm  426 , a fluid channel  428  and a replacement air inlet port  429 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 25  which shows a control system  500  for controlling the operation of the pump device  10 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A user inputs the infusion data into a remote control device  502 , including, for example, the quantity of infusion-medicament and the time for the infusion, in accordance with medical requirements. The user activates the remote control device  502  which transmits to a transceiver  505  located in the device  10 . The transceiver  505  forwards the requisite flow data to a controller  504 . The controller  504  instructs a drive mechanism  508  to operate a fluid reservoir  510 , which impels the fluid to a medicament outlet  512 . 
     In addition, the controller  504  and the encoder  506  measure and determine the quantity of medicament remaining in the reservoir  510  and communicate this information to the remote control  502  via the transceiver  505 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 26A and 26B , which present a flow chart  600  for the infusion of a medicament fluid  16  into the user. 
     In step  602 , the user inserts the reservoir into the housing, closes the housing so that the reservoir fits snugly and tightly in the housing, thereby coupling the reservoir to the drive mechanism and locking the stationary arm to the housing. 
     In step  604 , on the remote control unit, the user selects and programs the control unit in accordance with the required medical requirements medicament flow rate, flow time period and flow rate. 
     In step  606 , the user selects the unique pairing mechanism between the user and his pump device thereby ensuring that the user communicates with a single pump, only and does not interfere with other pumps 
     In step  608 , the user activates the remote controller, which transmits the necessary instructions to the controller. 
     In step  610 , the controller  504  processes the instructions and the pump device  10  is activated. 
     In step  612 , the drive mechanism  508  rotates the reservoir  510  according to the required instructions and the infusion process commences. 
     In step  614 , the encoder  73  checks the rotation of the reservoir thereby ensuring that the required quantity of medicament is administered to the user for the required time interval. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 27 , which shows an assembling process for constructing a reservoir  700  by assembling its various elements, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Initially, a central axle  701  is inserted into an upper cutout  704  located on an upper surface  703  and a corresponding lower cutout (not shown) located on a lower surface (not shown) of a first portion  706  of the reservoir  700 , such that the stationary arm  702  is in a transverse relationship to a diameter  708 . 
     Rotating arm  710  and  712  are inserted into the first portion  706  such that the arms  710  and  712  are partially located within the first portion  706 . 
     A second portion  714  of the reservoir  700  including, inter alia an upper cutout  720  located on an upper surface  722  of the second portion  714  and a lower cutout (not shown) located on a lower surface (not shown) of the second portion  714 , is bonded to the first portion  706 . The central axle  701  is inserted into the upper and lower cutouts of the second portion  714 , thereby sealing the stationary arms and the rotating arms within the reservoir  700  and permitting free rotation of the reservoir  700  and the rotating arm  702  relative to the stationary arms  710  and  712 . 
     Thus, the rotational travel of the rotating arms does cross an assembling line between the first portion  706  and the second portion  714  and leakage from the reservoir  700  is prevented. 
     It is further appreciated that the portions  706  and  714  are constructed from plastic material such that the stationary arms  702  do not cross and/or bypass parting lines  716  and  718 , thus preventing leakage from the reservoir  700 . 
     It is shown in  FIG. 27  that the outer surfaces of the reservoir  700 , the rotating arm  702 , the central axle  701  and the stationary arms  710  and  712  are contoured permitting smooth and uninterrupted rotation of the reservoir  700  and the rotating arm  702  relative to the stationary arms  710  and  712 . In order to enable smooth rotation thereof, these outer surfaces are coated with a sealant material  730 , such as rubber, Silicone rubber, polymerized siloxanes, polysiloxanes, WKT and Polydimethylsiloxane and/or any combination thereof. 
     It is appreciated that during operation of the reservoir  700 , the sealant material  730  undergoes compression due to the size and shape of the members of the reservoir  700 . Thus, the thickness and mechanical strength of the sealant material  730  must be selected so as to prevent leakage and seepage of the fluid and replacement air, as described above, from the reservoir  700 . 
     Additionally, the surfaces of the central axle  701 , the rotating arm  702  and the stationary arms  710  and  712  are smooth, curve-contoured and uninterrupted by corners, acute changes in the radii of curvature and parting lines. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 28 , which shows a non-medical use of the pump device  10 , such as in the hydraulic braking system of a motor-vehicle  900 , in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 28  shows hat an exit conduit  902  is a controller  903  of a fluid pump  905 , which is fluidly coupled to an inlet  904  of the hydraulic brake of a vehicle wheel  906 , providing the required braking power for the vehicle  900 . 
     To operation, when the driver applies foot pressure to the brake pedal (not shown), an electronic signal is transmitted to the controller  903  thereby operating the braking brake  904 .