Patent Publication Number: US-2010112013-A1

Title: Adjuvant comprising oligonucleotide and non-toxic lipopolysaccharide

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to an adjuvant using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-derived non-toxic high-molecular compounds (CIA05) and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Generally, one of the distinctive differences between mammalian and bacterial DNAs is the significant CpG suppression and the selective methylation of CpG dinucleotides at cytosine residues in the mammalian DNA. Recently, the researchers has proposed that CpG motifs present in the bacterial DNA rapidly activate polyclonal B cells to facilitate secretion of IgM, and the bacterial CpG motifs inhibit expression of c-myc mRNA and increase expression of myn, blc2 and bcl-XL mRNAs to protect the cells from being apoptosed in the B cells in which the cell cycles are stopped by anti-IgM antibodies and apoptosis is initiated. In another study, it was reported that a CpG motif directly activates B cells to facilitate secretion of IL-6 and IL-12 within a short time. Clinical trials of an adjuvant and a therapeutic agent for treatment of asthma using synthetic oligonucleotides including the CpG sequences have been in progress by the company CPG (U.S), based on the characteristics described above. 
     In the recent studies, it was, however, reported that cytosine methylation in the CpG dinucleotides is not associated with an anti-cancer effect, and it is also reported that an effect of stimulating immune reaction by bacterial DNA depends on its structural factor, etc. 
     However, it was reported that such a role of the unmethylated CpG is not necessary in DNA anti-cancer drugs, and methods which may be in place of this method remain to be developed. 
     LPS is a typical thymus-independent antigen, and known to causes side effects such as an inflammation, etc. by directly acting on B cells to induce non-specific immune reactions. But, it was seen that LPS can use its toxicity to kill cancer cells, and its subunit Lipid A especially shows an anti-cancer effect by inducing expression of the various transcription factors. But, LPS has a strong toxicity as a typical endotoxin. In addition, binding of a general LPS to DNA may cause a serious condition such as sepsis. 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the present invention is designed to solve the problems of the prior art, and therefore it is an object of the present invention to provide a material which is much safer and more effective than the conventional therapeutic agents and induces more specific immune reactions. 
     In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides an adjuvant including oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and bacterial LPS-derived non-toxic high-molecular materials. 
     In the present invention, it is not important whether or not an unmethylated CG is present in the ODNs, but the non-toxic compound preferably has a molecular weight of about 2,000 to 10,000 daltons. 
     Also in the present invention, a content of the ODNs and the bacterial LPS-derived non-toxic compounds may be used if they are mixed at a minimum amount to show the effect of the present invention. Particularly, their efficiency is increased in the weight ratio of 500:1 to 1:500 in a dose-dependant manner, and the range is preferred, considering their non-toxicity, economical efficiency, etc. 
     Also, the two components are preferably mixed by shaking. The interaction of the CpG motif as described above mainly appears by inducing immunoactivation of T helper type 1 cells and activation of NK cells. 
     Also, the bacterium, used in the present invention, is preferably  Escherichia coli  or mycobacteria, and more preferably  Escherichia coli.    
     Also, the composition is preferably used as a vaccine adjuvant, and more preferably as an HBV vaccine adjuvant. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other objects and aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an electrophoretic diagram showing separated products of lipopolysaccharides from the outer membrane of  E. coli  cells. The diagram shows the separated products of the lipopolysaccharides in 5 batch experiments, respectively. 
         FIG. 2  is an electrophoretic diagram showing that Lipid A is degraded by alkaline treatment, and its size is reduced in the separated  E. coli  lipopolysaccharides, and therefore their toxicity is removed. In the diagram, lane 1 represents a marker, lane 2 represents separated products of lipopolysaccharides (CIA04), and lane 3 represents alkaline-treated non-toxic lipopolysaccharides (CIA05). 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram showing that a molecular weight of CIA04 is measured using a MALDI-MASS. The CIA04 is dissolved in distilled water at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, and used. Gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Sigma, G-5254) is used as a matrix. Axima-LNR V 2.3.5 (Mode Liner, Power: 106) from the company Shimadz is used as the MALDI-MASS. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram showing that an amount of TNF-α secreted in THP-1 (Acute monocytic leukemia) is measured. The control lipopolysaccharide induces the THP-1 cells to secrete a large amount of TNF-α, while the non-toxic CIA05 induces the THP-1 cells to secrete an extremely low amount of TNF-α, indicating that inflammatory reaction by the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide is reduced significantly. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram showing, from an amount of IL-12 expressed in human blood cells, that CIA05 has an effect of stimulating immune reaction regardless of whether or not a GC sequence is present in the oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram showing, from an amount of IL-12 expressed in human blood cells, that improved DNA anti-cancer efficiency of CIA05 is not associated with the unmethylated CG by means of the CG methylation. Here, m7909 represents cytosine-methylated ODN 7909. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram showing that immunity of the ODN having phosphorothioate is improved by CIA05. Here, 7909(s) represents the phosphorothioate form ODN 7909. 
         FIG. 8  is a graph showing an effect of the ODN by CIA05 as a vaccine adjuvant in a mouse model. Here, it shows that binding of CIA05 to the ODN play an important role, particularly in activation of the immune cells. 
         FIG. 9  is an electrophoretic diagram showing that major fractions having a low molecular weight, obtained from LPS lysate by a gel filtration using a sephacryl S-200HR (Pharmacia), are observed on SDS-PAGE. At this time, 14% tris-glycine gel is used and silver-stained. Then, it was confirmed that Fractions 2 and 3 used in this experiment have a molecular weight of less than 10,000 daltons. The diagram shows the SDS-PAGE of LPS and its cleaved derivatives from  E. coli . In the diagram, M represents a pre-stained marker, lane 1 represents a treated LPS (Fraction 1), lane 2 represents a treated LPS (Fraction 2), lane 3 represents a treated LPS (Fraction 3), and lane 4 represents untreated LPS (20 kD). 
         FIG. 10  is a graph showing, from a level of TNF-a secreted in human PBMCs, that toxicity of LPS is varied according to its size. In the graph, “1” represents saline, “2” represents LPS (20 kD Sigma L2880), “3” represents lysed LPS (5 kD to 10 kD), “4” represents CIA05 (3.5 kD), and “5” represents MPL (2 kD LPS, Sigma L6638). 
         FIG. 11  is a graph showing, from a level of TNF-a secreted in the healthy male&#39;s venous blood, that an immune-enhancing effect of LPS is varied according to its size. In the graph, “1” represents saline, “2” represents LPS (20 kD Sigma L2880), “3” represents lysed LPS (5 kD to 10 kD), “4” represents CIA05 (3.5 kD), and “5” represents MPL (2 kD LPS, Sigma L6638). 
     
    
    
     BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail referring to the accompanying drawings. 
     The inventors designed a bacterial LPS-derived non-toxic high-molecular material (CIA05) as the adjuvant, and confirmed that the high-molecular material (CIA05) is effectively used as the adjuvant. Especially, an oligonucleotide shows no effect if it is used alone, but the oligonucleotide has the effect as described above if it is used in combination with the high-molecular material (CIA05). 
     Binding of DNA to general lipopolysaccharides allows the lipopolysaccharides to participate in various reactions, for example by functioning as a T cell-independent antigen in various sites of the immune system, and therefore their synergic effect may cause serious conditions such as sepsis. However, CIA05 show no specific toxicity even though it is used in combination with DNA. 
     The inventors screened a strain ( E. coli  EG0021) having a very short sugar chain of lipopolysaccharide from  Escherichia coli  living in the bowls of healthy humans and deposited the strain  E. coli  EG0021 to the Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM) at 361-221 Hongje-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, on May 2, 2002, and its accession number was KCCM 10374. And, there was established a method for purifying lipopolysaccharides from the strain  E. coli  EG0021. Also, fatty acid was removed from the resultant very small LPS by alkaline treatment to obtain CIA05, which is very safe and shows an anti-cancer effect. 
     The following oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were synthesized, which are commercially available from the company Genotech Co. Ltd. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                 ODN 1826 
                   
               
               
                 TCCATGACGTTCCTGACGTT 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 1; 
               
               
                   
                 20 mer) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ODN 7909 
               
               
                 TCGTCGTTTTGTCGTTTTGTCGTT 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 2; 
               
               
                   
                 24 mer) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ODN 7909m 
               
               
                 TCmGTCmGTCmGTTTTGTCmGTTTTGTCmGTT 
                 (cytosine 
               
               
                   
                 methylation) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ODN 7909s 
               
               
                 TCGTCGTTTTGTCGTTTTGTCGTT 
                 (phosphorothioate) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ODN nonCG 
               
               
                 CTGGTCTTTCTGGTTTTTTTCTGG 
                 (SEQ ID NO: 3; 
               
               
                   
                 24 mer) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     It was confirmed that a mixture of the ODN and CIA05, prepared by the method, might show a more improved efficiency. 
     The present invention has been described in detail with reference to non-limiting embodiments of the invention. 
     Example 1 
     Screening of Non-toxic Strains 
     Screening and Finding of Mutant  Escherichia Coli  Strain with Very Short Lipopolysaccharides 
     The strain  E. coli  EG0021 having a very short sugar chain of lipopolysaccharides was found from  Escherichia coli  living in the bowls of healthy humans, and there was established a method for purifying the lipopolysaccharides from the strain  E. coli  EG0021. 
     A single colony of the  E. coli  obtained from the healthy male adults was cultured in a liquid medium, and then a selection procedure was repeated 5 times to obtain 50  E. coli  strains. And, each colony was taken from the 50 selected strains on the plates, dissolved in 4 mid 0.9% saline, and then 1 ml of the resultant solutions were transferred into Eppendorf tubes and treated with 2 μl of DNase 1, and then reacted at 37° C. in an incubator for 1 hours. After treatment with DNase 1, lysates were treated with 50 μl of RNase (10 mg/ml), and then reacted at 37° C. in an incubator for 1 hours. Then, 100 μl of Proteinase K (20 mg/ml) was added thereto, and then reacted at 37° C. overnight. A human lymphocyte cell line differentiated with GM-CSF was treated with each LPS of the strains obtained by the procedure as described above, and a level of the secreted TNF-α was measured, and then a strain having the lowest level of TNF-α was selected (Table 1), and a molecular weight of the lipopolysaccharide was confirmed on an electrophoresis. It was confirmed that generic characteristics of the attenuated strain itself or its morphological Characteristics did not changed, but a ladder of the lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000 daltons is absent and the lipopolysaccharide having a molecular weight of 2,000 to 10,000 daltons is produced mainly when its lipopolysaccharides were isolated and electrophoresed on the SDS-PAGE ( FIG. 1 ). Accordingly, this strain was named EG0021. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Levels of Secreted TNF-α in Lysate of  E. coli  Separated 
               
               
                 from the Bowls of Healthy Human 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 TNF-a 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 (pg/1 μl) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 EG0001 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0002 
                 12 
               
               
                   
                 EG0003 
                 72 
               
               
                   
                 EG0004 
                 85 
               
               
                   
                 EG0005 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 EG0006 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 EG0007 
                 71 
               
               
                   
                 EG0008 
                 28 
               
               
                   
                 EG0009 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 EG0010 
                 13 
               
               
                   
                 EG0011 
                 39 
               
               
                   
                 EG0012 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                 EG0013 
                 8.8 
               
               
                   
                 EG0014 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                 EG0015 
                 70 
               
               
                   
                 EG0016 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0017 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 EG0018 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                 EG0019 
                 0.3 
               
               
                   
                 EG0020 
                 80 
               
               
                   
                 EG0021 
                 0.1 
               
               
                   
                 EG0022 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0023 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0024 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0025 
                 53 
               
               
                   
                 EG0026 
                 12 
               
               
                   
                 EG0027 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 EG0028 
                 76 
               
               
                   
                 EG0029 
                 92 
               
               
                   
                 EG0030 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0031 
                 21 
               
               
                   
                 EG0032 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 EG0033 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0034 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0035 
                 7 
               
               
                   
                 EG0036 
                 87 
               
               
                   
                 EG0037 
                 0.7 
               
               
                   
                 EG0038 
                 39 
               
               
                   
                 EG0039 
                 37 
               
               
                   
                 EG0040 
                 91 
               
               
                   
                 EG0041 
                 65 
               
               
                   
                 EG0042 
                 54 
               
               
                   
                 EG0043 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0044 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0045 
                 17 
               
               
                   
                 EG0046 
                 2.1 
               
               
                   
                 EG0047 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 EG0048 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0049 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                 EG0050 
                 &gt;100 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     CG Methylation 
     In order to characterize functions of unmethylated CG in the oligonucleotide, the cytocine residues of CG sequences were selectively methylated with Sss I methyalse. 
     DNA methylation was carried out by mixing 1 unit of CpG methylase (M. Sss I; NEB M0226S) with 10 μg of ODN 7909, and then reacting each other at 37° C. for 12 hours. At this time, 160 μM S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was mixed as a methyl donor and reacted together. After the methylation was completed, the remaining salts and enzymes were, then, removed off using a DNA clean kit (CPG DPC60050) and a micropure EZ (Amicon 42529). 
     Example 3 
     Purification of CIA 04 from Mutant  E. coli    
     Purification of Lipopolysaccharide from Mutant  E. coli    
     The strain  E. coli  was prepared in the same manner as in the DNA separation. 
     The strain prepared thus was mixed with 2× volumes of ethanol, centrifuged at 4,000 g to precipitate a pellet, and then 1.5× volumes of acetone was added to the resultant pellet, mixed throughly and centrifuged at 4,000 g. 
     The equivalent amount of ethyl ether wad added to the resultant pellet, mixed throughly and centrifuged at 4,000 g. The cell pellet obtained by centrifugation was covered with an aluminum foil with holes in it, and dried, and the cell body was weighed, and then an extraction mixture (90% Phenol:Chloroform:Petroleum ether=2:5:8) was added at an amount of 7.5 ml per 1 g of the dried weight. The resultant mixture was divided into glass centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 25° C. and 3,000 rpm (1,200 g) for 20 minutes to obtain supernatant. The resultant supernatant was kept in a hood for 12 hours to precipitate the residues, divided into glass centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 25° C. and 3,000 rpm (1,200 g) for 20 minutes to obtain lipopolysaccharides. The resultant lipopolysaccharides were dissolved in ethyl ether, and then the lipopolysaccharide solutions were transferred to Eppendorf tubes, dried in a hood, and their dried weights were measured using a chemical balance, and then ethanol was added to the dried lipopolysaccharide, which was stored for the future use. Ethanol was completely removed from the purified  E. coli  lipopolysaccharide stored in ethanol, and then an amount of KDO (2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate) in the lipopolysaccharides was measured, normalized as a standard to measure its concentration, and separated according to their molecular weight on the SDS-PAGE, and their molecular weight was confirmed using a silver staining method. It was confirmed that the lipopolysaccharide has a molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 10,000 daltons, which is very smaller than the general  E. coli  lipopolysaccharides ( FIG. 2 ). 
     Meanwhile,  FIG. 3  is a diagram showing that a molecular weight of CIA04 is measured using a MALDI-MASS. The CIA04 is dissolved in distilled water at a concentraion of 5 mg/ml, and used. Gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Sigma, G-5254) is used as a matrix. Axima-LNR V 2.3.5 (Mode Liner, Power: 106) from the company Shimadz is used as the MALDI-MASS. As seen from  FIG. 3 , it was revealed that the CIA04, as measured using the MALDI-MASS, has a molecular weight of about 3,500 daltons ( FIG. 3 ). 
     Example 4 
     Removal of Toxicity of Lipopolysaccharide Purified from Mutant  E. coli    
     Removal of Toxicity by Degradation of Lipid A in Lipopolysaccharide 
     The purified  E. coli  lipopolysaccharide was adjusted to a concentration of 3 mg/ml, and 0.2 N NaOH was mixed with the lipopolysaccharide at a mixing ratio of 1:1 (by volume), deacylated for 140 minutes while shaking at 60 every 10 minutes, and then 1 N acetic acid was added at about ⅕ amount of the initial 0.2 N NaOH to titrate to pH 7.0. After titration of pH, the resultant mixture was precipitated by ethanol to obtain non-toxic lipopolysaccharide. 
     Concentration of the non-toxic lipopolysaccharide was measured using a KDO method, and the non-toxic lipopolysaccharide was compared with an untreated lipopolysaccharide on the SDS-PAGE, and then its molecular weight was confirmed using a silver staining method. 
     As a result of the staining, it was revealed that Lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide was degraded by the alkaline treatment, and therefore was smaller than the untreated lipopolysaccharide (CIA04) ( FIG. 2 ). 
     Confirmation on Removal of Toxicity from Non-toxic Lipopolysaccharide 
     A secretion test of inflammatory proteins and a pyrogen test were conducted in order to confirm that toxicity of the LPS is reduced to at least 1/1,000 times in the method for selecting strains that synthesize smaller LPSs, and that its toxicity is further reduced using the alkaline treatment. 
     Secretion of Inflammatory Protein 
     A level of TNF-α secreted in THP-1 (Acute monocytic leukemia) was measured. It was seen that a large amount of TNF-α was secreted by the control lipopolysaccharide, while a very small amount of TNF-α was, secreted by the non-toxic LPS (CIA05), indicating that the inflammatory reactions by its toxicity was significantly relieved ( FIG. 4 ). 
     Pyrogen Test 
     3 rabbits were vaccinated to check a change of temperature in their recta, as follows. A vaccine was intravenously injected into the rabbit ears at an amount of 0.2 μg/1 ml per 1 kg of a rabbit, and then each thermometer was inserted into their recta to check their abnormal changes of temperature. Rabbits with body weights of at least 1.5 kg was used in this experiment. The rabbits used in the test should be re-used after at least 3 days. A thermometer, which can measure temperature with a 0.1° C. resolution, was used to measure their body temperatures. Syringes and needles, previously sterilized by heating at 250° C. for at least 30 minutes, were used. Animals were fed only with water at a period from 16 hours before their use until the experiment was completed. Fixation of animals was conducted as moderate as it can be. 
     Measurement of the body temperature was carried out by inserting the thermometer into a rectum at the constant depth of 60 mm to 90 mm, and checking its temperature after a predetermined time. The temperature measured before injection of the vaccine was used as a control temperature. The sample pre-warmed to about 37° C. were intravenously injected into the rabbit ears within 15 minutes after the control temperature was measured. The body temperature was checked very 3 hours, at leased every 1 hour after injection. A difference of the measured temperatures and the control body temperature was calculated, and the difference was referred to as a difference of body temperature. And, the maximum difference of body temperature was considered as an exothermic reaction of the test animal. 3 animals of a specimen were used in this experiment. 
     If a sum of the temperatures measured in the 3 animals is 1.3° C. or less, a pyrogen test is considered to be “negative”, while if it is 2.5° C. or more, a pyrogen test is considered to be “positive”. This experiment was repeated 3 times, and the vaccine was suitable for this experiment since the pyrogen test was proven to be negative. The result is listed in the following Table 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Before Injection 
                 After Injection 
                   
                 Sum of 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (Measured 3 Times) 
                 (Hour. Intervals: 30 Minutes) 
                 Increased 
                 Increased 
                   
                 Reference 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Times 
                 No. 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 0.5 
                 1 
                 1.5 
                 2 
                 2.5 
                 3 
                 Body Temp. 
                 Body Temp. 
                 Result 
                 Temp. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Rabbit 1 
                 39.1 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 39.4 
                 39.3 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 39.1 
                 39.1 
                 0.2 
                 0.8 
                 Passed 
                 Less than 
               
               
                   
                 Rabbit 2 
                 39 
                 39.1 
                 39.3 
                 39 
                 39.2 
                 39.5 
                 39.2 
                 39.1 
                 39.3 
                 0.4 
                   
                   
                 1.3° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Rabbit 3 
                 39.4 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 39.3 
                 39.5 
                 39.3 
                 39.5 
                 39.3 
                 39.4 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 2 
                 Rabbit 1 
                 39 
                 39.3 
                 39.1 
                 39.4 
                 39.2 
                 39.3 
                 39.1 
                 39.2 
                 39 
                 0.4 
                 1.7 
                 Passed 
                 Less than 
               
               
                   
                 Rabbit 2 
                 39.4 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 39.1 
                 39.1 
                 39.3 
                 39.1 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 0.3 
                   
                   
                 3.0° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Rabbit 3 
                 39.3 
                 39.3 
                 39.2 
                 39.4 
                 39.4 
                 39.4 
                 39.4 
                 39.4 
                 39.3 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 3 
                 Rabbit 1 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 39.1 
                 39.2 
                 39.2 
                 39 
                 39.2 
                 39.1 
                 39.1 
                 0.2 
                 2.5 
                 Passed 
                 Less than 
               
               
                   
                 Rabbit 2 
                 39.1 
                 39.5 
                 39 
                 39 
                 39.1 
                 39.2 
                 39.1 
                 39.3 
                 39.2 
                 0.4 
                   
                   
                 5.0° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Rabbit 3 
                 39.2 
                 39.3 
                 39.2 
                 39.3 
                 39.2 
                 39.3 
                 39.2 
                 39.4 
                 39.3 
                 0.2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 5 
     Mix of Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and Non-toxic Lipopolysaccharide-Derived Polysaccharide (CIA05) and Their Activity 
     Efficiency Test of Mixture of ODN and CIA05 
     Venous blood was aseptically taken from healthy adult males, and put into a vacuum tube including an anti-coagulant heparin. The resultant whole blood was mixed with an RPMI 1640 medium (2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM Sodium pyruvate, 80 μg/ml of gentamycin) at a mixing ratio of 1:1. 20 μl of CIA07 (50 μg of CIA02+1 μg or 500 ng of CIA05, 100 ng) or 20 μl of HBSS were added to 1 ml of the whole blood mixed with the medium together, and then incubated at 37 in a 5% CO 2  incubator for 24 hours. Then, a culture supernatant was collected to measure levels of secreted TNF-α (R&amp;D system, DY210) and secreted IL-12 p40 (R&amp;D system, DY1240) using a commercially-available ELISA kit. The results are shown in  FIGS. 4 to 7 . 
     From the result as described above, it was revealed that CIA05 showed an immune-stimulating effect regardless of whether or not a GC sequence is present in the oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). In particular, it was revealed that the unmethylated CG-free ODN (nonCG) showed a similar immune-stimulating effect to that of saline used as the control if it was used alone, but showed a strong immune-stimulating effect if it was used in combination with CIA05 (nonCG+CIA05) ( FIG. 5 ). Such a synergic effect was clearly confirmed by the cytosine methylation of the GC sequence in the ODN. That is, the ODN (m7909) methylated at a cytosine residue of a GC sequence of 7909 ODN (7909) showed a low immune-stimulating effect if it was used alone, but showed the nearly same strong immune-stimulating effect as in the case of the mixture of the 7909 ODN and the CIA05 (7909+CIA05) if it was used in combination with CIA05 (m7909+CIA05). Accordingly, it was confirmed that the improved DNA anti-cancer efficacy of the CIA05 was not correlated with the unmethylated CG ( FIG. 6 ). Also, it was revealed that the ODN including phosphorothioate also showed an improved immunoefficiency. 7909(s) is a oligodeoxynucleotide in which a diester bond is substituted with phosphorothioate in the 7909 ODN ( FIG. 7 ). 
     Measurement of Adjuvant Effect of CIA using Mouse Model System 
     Yeast recombinant HBs antigen was used at a concentration of 219 μg/ml as the antigen. Alum hydroxide was used as the adjuvant in the control group, and CIA05 was mixed with DNA methylated at the base C of the CpG (CIA07m) and general bacterial DNA (CIA07) at a mixing ratio of 1:100 and used as the adjuvant in the experimental group. 
     The used animal is an ICR mouse, and each group was grouped into 6 mice, and intramuscularly injected once every a week (3 times). The negative control group was injected with 0.1 ml of saline injection per mouse, and the positive control group was injected with 2 μg of HBs Ag+50 μg of the alum, dissolved in 0.1 ml of saline for 2 hours. The experimental group was injected with 2 μg of HBs Ag and 50 μg of CIA07 or CIA07m. Finally, after 7 day of injection, whole blood was collected and centrifuged to obtain blood serum. 
     A level of IgG against HBs antigen in the blood serum was measured using ELISA. As a result, it was seen that CIA07 and CIA07m showed an excellent effect on antibody production, compared to the case where the alum was used alone, and a level of IgG2 was especially increased, indicating that they may considerably contribute to improving their cell-mediated immunity, which is important for development of virus or cancer vaccines ( FIG. 8 ). 
     Example 6 
     Toxicity and Efficiency of LPS according to its Size 
     LPS Lysate with Molecular Weight of 2,000 to 10,000 Da Obtained by Lysing General LPS 
     A procedure where  E. coli  LPS (O55:B5, Sigma) is sonicated at 150 J for 2 minutes, and then kept for 1 minute was repeated 20 times. LPS lysate obtained thus was gel-filtered using a sephacryl S-200HR (Pharmacia). 
       FIG. 9  is an electrophoretic diagram showing that major fractions having a low molecular weight, obtained from LPS lysate by a gel filtration using a sephacryl S-200HR (Pharmacia), are observed on SDS-PAGE. At this time, 14% tris-glycine gel is used and silver-stained. Then, it was confirmed that Fractions 2 and 3 used in this experiment have a molecular weight of less than 10,000 daltons. The diagram shows the SDS-PAGE of LPS and its cleaved derivatives from  E. coli . In the diagram, M represents a pre-stained marker, lane 1 represents a treated LPS (Fraction 1), lane 2 represents a treated LPS (Fraction 2), lane 3 represents a treated LPS (Fraction 3), and lane 4 represents untreated LPS (20 kD). As seen in  FIG. 9 , the major fractions having a low molecular weight were confirmed on SDS-PAGE. 
     Toxicity Test of LPS Lysate 
     Human PBMCs obtained from the healthy males were put into a 24 well tissue culture plate, and RPMI 1640+10% FBS was added at a concentration of 5×10 5  per 1 ml/well. The resultant mixture was treated with BSS or test materials, incubated for 12 hours, treated with 100 μl of BSS (Balanced salt solution) and 1 μg/100 μl of LPS, and then a level of TNF-α secreted by PBMCs was quantified using ELISA (R&amp;D system, DY210). 
       FIG. 10  is a graph showing, from a level of TNF-α secreted in human PBMCs, that toxicity of LPS is varied according to its size. In the graph, “1” represents saline, “2” represents LPS (20 kD Sigma L2880), “3” represents lysed LPS (5 kD to 10 kD), “4” represents CIA05 (3.5 kD), and “5” represents MPL (2 kD LPS, Sigma L6638). As seen in  FIG. 10 , it was revealed that LPS with the low molecular weight, for example CIA05 of Lane 3, etc., showed a low toxicity. 
     Immune-Enhancing Test on LPS Lysate 
     Whole blood, aseptically taken from healthy adult males and put into a vacuum tube including an anti-coagulant heparin, was mixed with an RPMI 1640 medium at a mixing ratio of 1:1. 1 ml of the whole blood mixed with the medium was added to a 24 well plate, respectively, treated with LPS, incubated at 37° C. in a 5% CO 2  incubator for 12 hours, centrifuged to obtain supernatant, and then a level of IFN-γ was measured from the resultant supernatant using an ELISA kit (R&amp;D system IFN-γ; DY285). 
       FIG. 11  is a graph showing, from a level of TNF-a secreted in the healthy male&#39;s venous blood, that an immune-enhancing effect of LPS is varied according to its size. In the graph, “1” represents saline, “2” represents LPS (20 kD Sigma L2880), “3” represents lysed LPS (5 kD to 10 kD), “4” represents CIA05 (3.5 kD), and “5” represents MPL (2 kD LPS, Sigma L6638). As seen in  FIG. 11 , it was revealed that CIA05 of Lane 4 of the present invention showed an excellent immune-enhancing effect. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     As described abode, the bacteria-derived material (CIA05) of the present invention is significantly effective when compared to the case where the conventional oligodeoxynucleotide is used alone, and also may induce a specific immune reaction. Accordingly, the  E. coli -derived adjuvant of the present invention may have a high industrial value.