Patent Publication Number: US-9422446-B2

Title: Photosensitive resin composition, protective film and element having the same

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Taiwan Application Serial Number 103122306, filed on Jun. 27, 2014, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition, a protective film formed by the photosensitive resin composition and a liquid crystal display element having the protective film. More particularly, the present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition with excellent resistance to development, a protective film formed by the photosensitive resin composition and a liquid crystal display element having the protective film. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In electrical element, such as thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display element, magnetic head element, integrated circuit element, solid imaging element and the like, a protective film (also called as interlayer insulating film) generally is disposed between wirings to achieve the efficacies of insulating and protective. 
     The materials for producing the protective film generally is selected from materials which can obtain a desire pattern by less steps and the protective film has better flatness. The materials for producing the protective film can be photosensitive resin compositions. 
     JP Patent publication No. 2009-075329 discloses a photosensitive resin composition for a protective film. The photosensitive resin composition for the protective film can increase compactness of the protective film by transition metal compound having structures shown as following Formula (VII-1) or Formula (VII-2): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in Formula (VII-1), A represents elements of group VIA to group VIIA, atomic valence of the elements is m, and m represents 1 or 2; R represents an aromatic group of 6 to 30 carbons, a heterocyclic group of 4 to 30 carbons, an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbons, an alkenyl group of 2 to 30 carbons or an alkynyl group of 2 to 30 carbons; D represents a group shown as following Formula (VII-1-1); X −  represents a group shown as following Formula (VII-1-2); and h represents an integer of 0 to 3: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in Formula (VII-1-1) or (VII-1-2), E represents a divalent group, such as an alkylene group of 1 to 8 carbons, an arylene group of 6 to 20 carbons, a heterocyclic compound of 8 to 20 carbons or the like; j represents an integer of 0 to 5; Rf represents an alkyl group, and at least 80% of hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms; and k represents an integer of 1 to 5:
 
[( L 1) p ( L 2) q   M]   r+   ·rX   −   (VII-2)
 
     in Formula (VII-2), M represents transition metal elements of group VIB to group VIII; L1 and L2 are ligands of the transition metals, L1 represents an aromatic compound of 6 to 24 carbons or a heterocyclic group of 4 to 20 carbons, and L2 represents anions of indene, fluorene or cyclopiperylene; the X −  has the same definition as aforementioned in Formula (VII-1), rather than focusing or mentioning it in detail; p and q represents an integer of 0 to 2, and the sum of (p+q) is 2; and r represents 1 or 2. 
     Moreover, JP Patent publication No. 2009-229892 disclosed a photosensitive resin composition for a protective film. The photosensitive resin composition includes silesquioxane having an aromatic group of 6 to 15 carbons. The silesquioxane having an aromatic group can increase sensitivity, transmission rate and compactness of the protective film. 
     However, although the aforementioned two photosensitive resin compositions can enhance the compactness of the protective film, the protective film had a defect of poor resistance to development, thus lowering accuracy of the desired patterns, and further reducing the performance of the aforementioned electrical elements. 
     Accordingly, there is a need to provide photosensitive resin composition for a protective film with excellent resistance to development, thereby improving the disadvantages of the aforementioned defects of the conventional protective film. 
     SUMMARY 
     Therefore, an aspect of the present invention provides a photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin composition can increase resistance to development of a protective film. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides a protective film. The protective film is formed by the aforementioned photosensitive resin composition. 
     A further aspect of the present invention provides an element having a protective film. The element has the aforementioned protective film. 
     According to the aforementioned aspects, the photosensitive resin composition comprising an alkali-soluble resin (A), an ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) and a solvent (C) all of which are described in details as follows. 
     Photosensitive Resin Composition 
     Alkali-Soluble Resin (A) 
     The alkali-soluble resin (A) of the present invention refers to a resin that can be soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution without being limited to any specific structure. 
     Preferably, the alkali-soluble resin (A) refers to a resin including a carboxylic group or a phenol-novolac resin. More preferably, the alkali-soluble resin (A) is copolymerized by a mixture in the presence of a polymerization initiator. The mixture includes an unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1), a fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and an unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3). 
     In one embodiment, the aforementioned mixture can selectively include an unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4) and an other unsaturated compound (a5). 
     Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid or Unsaturated Carboxylic Anhydride Compound (a1) 
     The unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) refers to a compound containing the structure of carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride and unsaturated polymerizable bonds without being limited to any specific structure. For example, the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) can include but be not limited to unsaturated monocarboxylic acid compound, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound, unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound, unsaturated polycyclic carboxylic acid compound, unsaturated polycyclic dicarboxylic acid compound and unsaturated polycyclic acid anhydride compound. 
     The unsaturated monocarboxylic acid compound can include but be not limited to (meth)acrylic acid, butenoic acid, α-chloracrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, cinnamic acid, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl succinate monoester, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid ester, 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid ester, omega-carboxyl polycaprolactone polyol monoacrylate (product manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., and the trade name is ARONIX M-5300) or the like. 
     The unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound can include but be not limited to maleic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid, traconic acid or the like. 
     The unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound can include but be not limited to the acid anhydride compound of the aforementioned unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound. 
     The unsaturated polycyclic carboxylic acid compound can include but be not limited to 5-carboxyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxyl-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxyl-5-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxyl-6-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxyl-6-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene or the like. 
     The unsaturated polycyclic dicarboxylic acid compound can include but be not limited to 5,6-dicarboxylic bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. 
     The unsaturated polycyclic dicarboxylic anhydride compound can include but be not limited to the anhydride compound of the aforementioned unsaturated polycyclic dicarboxylic acid compound. 
     Preferably, the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinate monoester or 2-methacryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid. The aforementioned unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     Based on an total amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) and the following fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) is 5 parts by weight to 29 parts by weight, preferably is 5 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight, and more preferably is 8 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight. 
     Fluorene Derivative Having Double-Bond Group (a2) 
     The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) includes a fluorene derivative having at least one double-bond group. The double-bond group includes alkenyl (such as ethene, propene or the like) or a group having double-bond (such as acrylic ester). 
     The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) has a structure shown as following Formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in Formula (I), R 1  to R 8  can be the same or different, and R 1  to R 8  respectively represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group. R 9  and R 13  can be the same or different, and R 9  and R 13  respectively represent an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group. R 10  and R 14  can be the same or different, and R 10  and R 14  respectively represent a single bond or an organic group. R 11  and R 15  can be the same or different, and R 11  and R 15  respectively represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 12  and the R 16  can be the same or different, and the R 12  and the R 16  respectively represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic group, an alkyl aromatic group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyloxy group, an aroxyl group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group or an amine group. x and y respectively represent an integer of 1 to 3; and w and t respectively represent an integer of 0 to 3. 
     In R 1  to R 8 , the aforementioned halogen atom can include but be not limited to fluorine, chloride or the like. The alkyl group represents an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbons, and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group. The alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbons can include but be not limited to methyl, ethyl or the like. 
     In R 9  and R 13 , the aforementioned aromatic group represents an aromatic group of 6 to 14 carbons, and the aromatic group of 6 to 14 carbons can include but be not limited to phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, biphenylyl, indenyl or the like. Preferably, the aromatic group of 6 to 14 carbons is selected from phenyl, naphthyl or the like. 
     In R 10  and R 14 , the organic group can include but be not limited to ester, a combination of ester and ether, silyl ether, amine formyl ester, or a combination of amine formyl ester and ether. The organic group is (i) ester synthesized with a fluorene derivative having R 9  and R 13  of hydroxy-substituted or glycidyl-substituted and a (meth)acrylic compound having at least one carboxylic group or the fluorene derivative having R 9  and R 13  of hydroxy-substituted or glycidyl-substituted and a anhydride compound having at least one anhydride group; (ii) ester synthesized with a fluorene derivative having R 9  and R 13  of carboxylic-substituted and a hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate or the fluorene derivative having R 9  and R 13  of carboxylic-substituted and glycidyl (meth)acrylate; (iii) amine formyl ester synthesized with a fluorene derivate having R 9  and R 13  of hydroxy-substituted or glycidyl-substituted and a (meth)acrylate compound having a terminal of isocyanate group. 
     The aforementioned (meth)acrylic compound having at least one carboxylic group can include but be not limited to (meth)acrylic acid. The aforementioned anhydride compound having at least one anhydride group can include but be not limited to maleic anhydride. The aforementioned (meth)acrylate compound having a terminal of isocyanate group is synthesized with hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate and diisocyanate or hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate, diisocyanate and diol. 
     The (meth)acrylate compound having a terminal of isocyanate group can include but be not limited to (meth)acryloyloxy alkyl isocyanate or (meth)acryloyloxy phenyl isocyanate. The (meth)acryloyloxy alkyl isocyanate can include but be not limited to 2-(meth)acryloyloxy ethyl isocyanate, 6-(meth)acryloyloxy hexyl isocyanate, 2,2-bis(meth)acryloyloxymethyl ethyl isocyanate or the like. The (meth)acryloyloxy phenyl isocyanate can include but be not limited to 4-(meth)acryloyloxy phenyl isocyanate or the like. 
     Besides, the organic group can be silyl ether synthesized with the fluorene derivate having R 9  and R 13  of hydroxy-substituted and silane coupling agent having ethylenically unsaturated group or (meth)acryloyloxy group. 
     There is no particular limitation in substituted site where R 10  and R 14  boned onto R 9  and R 13 . Preferably, when R 9  and R 13  are benzene, R 10  and R 14  can be bonded onto C3 or C4 position. When R 9  and R 13  are naphthalene, R 10  and R 14  can be bonded onto C4, C5, C6 or C7 position. 
     In R 12  and R 16 , the aforementioned halogen atom can include but be not limited to fluorine, chloride or the like. The aforementioned alkyl group can represents an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbons. The alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group, and the alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbons can include but be not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, iso-butyl or the like. The aforementioned cycloalkyl group represents a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons, and the cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons can include but be not limited to cyclopentyl, cycloheyl or the like. The aforementioned aromatic group represents an aromatic group of 6 to 10 carbons, and the aromatic group of 6 to 10 carbons can include but be not limited to phenyl, naphthyl or the like. The aforementioned alkyl aromatic group represents a combination of an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons and an aromatic group of 6 to 10 carbons, and the alkyl aromatic group can include but be not limited to benzyl, ethyl phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or tert-butyl phenyl. The aforementioned alkoxy group represents an alkoxy group of 1 to 8 carbons, and the alkoxy group of 1 to 8 carbons can include but be not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, iso-butoxy or the like. The aforementioned cycloalkyloxy group represents a cycloalkyloxy group of 5 to 10 carbons, and the cycloalkyloxy group of 5 to 10 carbons can include but be not limited to cyclohexyloxy or the like. The aforementioned aroxyl group represents an aroxyl group of 6 to 10 carbons, and the aroxyl group of 6 to 10 carbons can include but be not limited to phenoxy or the like. The aforementioned acyl group represents an acyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and the acyl group of 1 to 6 carbons can include but be not limited to acetyl. The aforementioned amine group can include but be not limited to —NH 2  or an amine group having substituted group, and the amine group having substituted group can include but be not limited to alkyl amine of 1 to 6 carbons or the like. 
     There is no particular limitation in substituted site where R 12  and R 16  boned onto R 9  and R 13 . Preferably, when R 9  and R 13  are benzene, R 12  and R 16  can be bonded onto C2, C3 or C4 position. When R 9  and R 13  are naphthalene, R 12  and R 16  can be bonded onto C4, C5, C6 or C7 position. 
     Preferably, R 12  and R 16  can be the same or different, and R 12  and R 16  respectively represent an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbons, a phenyl group, an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbons. More preferably, R 12  and R 16  can be the same or different, and R 12  and R 16  respectively represent methyl, ethyl, phenyl, methoxy and ethoxy. Preferably, x and y respectively represent an integer of 1 to 2, and w and t respectively represent an integer of 0 to 1. 
     The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) has a structure shown as following Formula (II): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in Formula (II), R 1  to R 8  are the same or different, and R 1  to R 8  respectively represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group. R 9  and the R 13  can be the same or different, and R 9  and R 13  respectively represent an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group. R 17  and R 18  are a divalent alkyl group or a hydroxyl-substituted divalent alkyl group. R 11  and R 15  are the same or different, and R 11  and R 15  respectively represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 12  and R 16  are the same or different, and R 12  and R 16  respectively represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic group, an alkyl aromatic group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyloxy group, an aroxyl group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group or an amine group. x and y respectively represent an integer of 1 to 3; w and t respectively represent an integer of 0 to 3; and n and u respectively represent an integer of 0 to 10. 
     The definition of R 1  to R 8  is the same as the definition of the aforementioned R 1  to R 8  of Formula (I) rather than focusing or mentioning them in details. 
     In the definition of R 17  and R 18 , the divalent alkyl group represents a divalent alkyl group or a hydroxyl-substituted divalent alkyl group. The divalent alkyl group can be a linear divalent alkyl group or a branched divalent alkyl group. The divalent alkyl group of 2 to 6 carbons can include but be not limited to ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene or the like. The hydroxyl-substituted divalent alkyl group can include but be not limited to 2-hydroxy-trimethylene or the like. Preferably, the divalent alkyl group is a linear divalent alkyl group of 2 to 4 carbons or a branched divalent alkyl group of 3 to 6 carbons. n and u preferably represent an integer of 1 to 7, and more preferably represent an integer of 1 to 5. 
     The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{[(meth)acryloyloxy]phenyl}fluorene compound, 9,9′-bis{[(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound, 9,9′-bis{monoalkyl-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound, 9,9′-bis{dialkyl-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound, 9,9′-bis{di[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound, 9,9′-bis{tri[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound, 9,9′-bis{[phenyl-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound or 9,9′-bisp{[(meth)acryloyloxy]naphthyl}fluorene compound. The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     The 9,9′-bis{[(meth)acryloyloxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{[4-(meth)acryloyloxy]phenyl}fluorene. 
     The 9,9′-bis{[(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(meth)acryloxypropoxy]phenyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{4-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]phenyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{4-[2-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl}fluorene or 9,9′-bis{4-[2-(meth)acryloxypropoxy]phenyl}fluorene. 
     The 9,9′-bis{monoalkyl[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{3-methyl-4-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]phenyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{3-methyl-4-[2-(meth)acryloxypropoxy]phenyl}fluorene or the like. 
     The 9,9′-bis{dialkyl[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{3,5-dimethyl-4-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]phenyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{3,5-dimethyl-4-[2-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl}fluorene or the like. 
     The 9,9′-bis{di[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{3,5-di[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]phenyl}fluorene or the like. 
     The 9,9′-bis{tri[2-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{3,4,5-tri[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]phenyl}fluorene or the like. 
     The 9,9′-bis{[phenyl-(meth)acryloyloxyalkoxy]phenyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{3-phenyl-4-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]phenyl}fluorene or the like. 
     The 9,9′-bis{[(meth)acryloyloxy]naphthyl}fluorene compound can include but be not limited to 9,9′-bis{6-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]-2-nathphyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{6-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]-1-nathphyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{5-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]-2-nathphyl}fluorene, 9,9′-bis{5-[2-(meth)acryloxyethoxy]-1-nathphyl}fluorene or the like. 
     The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) preferably can be 9,9′-bis[4-(2-methacryloyloxyl)phenyl]fluorene, 9,9′-bis[3-methyl-4-(2-acryloxypropoxyl)phenyl]fluorene, 9,9′-bis[3-phenyl-4-(2-methacryloxyethoxyl)phenyl]fluorene and 9,9′-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]fluorene. 
     The fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) can be commercial products manufactured by Osaka Gas Co., LTD., and the trade names are OGSOL series EA-0200, EA-0500, EA-1000, EA-F5003, EA-F5503 or EA-F5510, or commercial products manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., LTD., and the trade name is A-BPEF. The aforementioned fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     Based on an total amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1) and the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and the following unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) is 15 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight, preferably is 20 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight, and more preferably is 30 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight. 
     When the alkali-soluble resin (A) does not include the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2), the photosensitive resin composition has a defect of poor resistance to development. 
     Unsaturated Compound Having Acid-Decomposable GROUP (a3) 
     The unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) of the alkali-soluble resin (A) has a following structure shown as Formula (III): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in the Formula (III), X 1  represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbons. X 2  represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbons or an aromatic group of 6 to 30 carbons. The alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbons can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. X 3  represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 40 carbons, a trialkyl silane group or an oxoalkyl group. The alkyl group of 1 to 40 carbons can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. Each alkyl group of the trialkyl silane group has 1 to 6 carbons, and each alkyl group of the oxoalkyl group has 4 to 20 carbons. X 3  can have a following structure shown as Formula (IV): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in the Formula (IV), X 4  represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. X 5  and X 6  respectively represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. When X 5  and X 6  represent the linear alkyl group or the branched alkyl group, X 5  and X 6  can be boned to form a ring structure 
     The aforementioned X 1  preferably can be a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 
     The aforementioned X 2  preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbons or an aromatic group of 6 to 20 carbons. More preferably, X 2  can be an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons or an aromatic group of 6 to 10 carbons. 
     For example, in X 2 , the linear alkyl group, the branched group or the cycloalkyl group can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl or the like, and the aromatic group can be phenyl, 4-tolyl, naphthyl or the like. Preferably, X 2  can be methyl, ethyl or phenyl. 
     The aforementioned X 3  preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbons, and more preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbons. When X 3  represents the trialkyl silane group, every alkyl group of the trialkyl silane group preferably has 1 to 4 carbons. When X 3  represents the oxoalkyl group, every alkyl group of the oxoalkyl group preferably has 4 to 10 carbons. 
     For example, in X 3 , the aforementioned linear alkyl group, branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group can include methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, triethylcarbaryl, 1-ethylnorbornyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, adamantly, 2-(2-methyl)adamantly, tert-pentyl or the like. The aforementioned trialkyl silane group can be trimethyl silane, triethyl silane, dimethyl-tert-butyl silane or the like. The oxoalkyl group can be 3-oxocyclohexyl or the like. 
     The aforementioned X 4  preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbons, and more preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons. 
     The aforementioned X 5  and X 6  preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbons, and more preferably can be an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons. 
     The structure shown as Formula (IV) can be linear alkyl or branched acetal, such as 1-methoxyethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-n-propoxy, 1-iso-propoxy, 1-n-butoxy, 1-iso-butoxy, 1-sec-butoxy, 1-tert-butoxy, 1-tert-amyloxyethyl, 1-ethoxy-n-propyl, 1-cyclohexyloxyethyl, methoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, 1-methoxy-1-methylethyl, 1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl or the like; cyclo acetal, such as tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl or the like. The structure shown as Formula (IV) preferably can be ethoxyethyl, butoxy, ethoxypropyl or tetrahydrofuryl. 
     Preferably, in the structure shown as Formula (III), X 1  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X 2  represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group; X 3  represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carons, trialkyl silane group of 3 to 18 carbons or the structure shown as Formula (IV), and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group. In Formula (IV), X 4  represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group; X 5  and X 6  respectively represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and the alkyl group can be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, or X 5  and X 6  can be boned to form a ring structure. 
     For example, the structure shown as Formula (III) can be hydroxystyrene, α-methyl hydroxystyrene, methoxystyrene, tert-butoxystyrene, cyclohexyloxystyrene, trimethoxysilylstyrene, 4-(1-methoxyethoxyl)styrene, 4-(1-ethoxyethoxyl)styrene, tetrahydropyranyloxy styrene or the like. The structure shown as Formula (III) preferably can be hydroxystyrene, methoxystyrene, tert-butoxystyrene, 4-(1-ethoxyethoxyl)styrene or tetrahydropyranyloxy styrene. 
     Based on an total amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1), the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) is 1 part by weight to 80 parts by weight, preferably is 5 parts by weight to 75 parts by weight, and more preferably is 5 parts by weight to 62 parts by weight. 
     When the alkyl-soluble resin (A) does not include the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3), the photosensitive resin composition has a defect of poor resistance to development. 
     Unsaturated Compound Having Epoxy Group (a4) 
     In the alkali-soluble resin (A) of the present invention, the aforementioned mixture can selectively include a copolymerizable monomer of the unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4). The unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4) can include but be not limited to (meth)acrylic ester compound having an epoxy group, α-alkyl acrylate compound having an epoxy group or epoxypropyl ether compound. 
     The (meth)acrylic ester compound having an epoxy group can include but be not limited to glycidyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methylglycidyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-epoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6,7-epoxyheptyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl (meth)acrylate or the like. 
     The α-alkyl acrylate compound having an epoxy group can include but be not limited to glycidyl α-ethacrylate, glycidyl α-n-propylacrylate, glycidyl α-n-butylacrylate, 6,7-epoxyheptyl α-ethacrylate or the like. 
     The epoxypropyl ether compound can include but be limited to o-vinylbenzylglycidylether, m-vinylbenzylglycidylether, p-vinylbenzylglycidylether or the like. 
     The unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4) preferably is selected from glycidyl methacylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl (meth)acrylate, 6,7-epoxyheptyl acrylate, o-vinylbenzylglycidylether, m-vinylbenzylglycidylether and p-vinylbenzylglycidylether. The aforementioned unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4) can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     Based on an total amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1), the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4) is 0 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, preferably is 1 part by weight to 40 parts by weight, and more preferably is 2 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight. 
     When the alkali-soluble resin (A) of the present invention includes the unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4), the photosensitive resin composition has better resistance to development. 
     Other Unsaturated Compound (a5) 
     In the alkali-soluble resin composition (A) of the present invention, the aforementioned mixture can selectively include the other unsaturated compound (a5). The other unsaturated compound (a5) can include but be not limited to alkyl (meth)acrylate, alicyclic (meth)acrylate, aryl (meth)acrylate, unsaturated dicarboxylic diester, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, polyether of (meth)acrylic ester, aromatic vinyl compound and other unsaturated monomer. 
     The alkyl (meth)acrylate can include but be not limited to methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, iso-butyl (meth)acrylate, sec-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate or the like. 
     The alicyclic (meth)acrylate can include but be not limited to cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclic[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]deca-8-yl (meth)acrylic ester (or referred to as dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate), dicyclopentyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofuranyl (meth)acrylate or the like. 
     The aryl (meth)acrylate can include but be not limited to phenyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate or the like. 
     The unsaturated dicarboxylic diester can include but not limited to diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, diethyl itaconate or the like. 
     The hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate can include but not limited to 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate or the like. 
     The polyether of (meth)acrylic ester can include but not limited to polyglycol mono(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate or the like. 
     The aromatic vinyl compound can include but not limited to styrene monomer, α-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-methoxy styrene or the like. 
     The other unsaturated monomer can include but not limited to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, chloroethylene, vinylidene chloride, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl 1,3-butadiene, N-cyclohexyl maleimide, N-phenyl maleimide, N-benzyl maleimide, N-succinimide-3-maleimidobenzoic ester, N-succimide-4-maleimidobutyric ester, N-succinimide-6-maleimidocaproate, N-succinimide-3-maleimido propionic ester, N-(9-acridinyl) maleimide or the like. 
     The other unsaturated compound (a5) is preferably selected from methyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, styrene or p-methoxy styrene. The aforementioned other unsaturated compound (a5) can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     Based on an total amount of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1), the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the other unsaturated compound (a5) is 0 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, preferably is 1 part by weight to 40 parts by weight, and more preferably is 2 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight. 
     Method for Producing Alkali-Soluble Resin (A) 
     During manufacturing, the alkali-soluble resin (A) is obtained by subjecting the unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound (a1), the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2) and the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) to a copolymerization reaction. Moreover, the unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4) and the other unsaturated compound (a5) can selectively added into the copolymerization reaction. 
     The solvent used for manufacturing the alkali-soluble resin (A) can include but be not limited to (1) alcohol: methanol, ethanol, phenylcarbinol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-phenyl-1-propanol or the like; (2) ether: tetrahydrofuran or the like; (3) glycol ether: ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or the like; (4) glycolalkyl ether acetate: glycolmonobutyl ether acetate, glycol ether acetate, glycol monomethyl ether acetate or the like; (5) diethylene glycol: diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether or the like; (6) dipropylene glycol: dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl methyl ether or the like; (7) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether: propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether or the like; (8) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate: propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol propyl ether acetate, propylene glycol butyl ether acetate or the like; (9) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether propionate: propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate, propylene glycol ethyl ether propionate, propylene glycol propyl ether propionate, propylene glycol butyl ether propionate or the like; (10) aromatic hydrocarbon: methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene or the like; (11) ketone: ethyl methyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol or the like; (12) ester: methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methpropionate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methpropionate, methyl glycolate, ethyl glycolate, butyl glycolate, methyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate, methyl 3-hydroxypropionate, ethyl 3-hydroxypropionate, propyl 3-hydroxypropionate, butyl 3-hydroxypropionate, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methbutyrate, methyl methoxylacetate, ethyl methoxylacetate, butyl methoxylacetate, methyl ethoxylacetate, ethyl ethoxylacetate, propyl ethoxylacetate, butyl ethoxylacetate, methyl propoxylacetate, ethyl propoxylacetate, propyl propoxylacetate, butyl propoxylacetate, methyl butoxyacetate, ethyl butoxyacetate, propyl butoxyacetate, butyl butoxyacetate, 3-methoxylbutyl acetate, methyl 2-methoxylpropionate, ethyl 2-methoxylpropionate, propyl 2-methoxylpropionate, butyl 2-methoxylpropionate, methyl 2-ethoxylpropionate, ethyl 2-ethoxylpropionate, propyl 2-ethoxylpropionate, butyl 2-ethoxylpropionate, methyl 2-butoxypropionate, ethyl 2-butoxypropionate, propyl 2-butoxypropionate, butyl 2-butoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxylpropionate, ethyl 3-methoxylpropionate, propyl 3-methoxylpropionate, butyl 3-methoxylpropionate, methyl 3-ethoxylpropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxylpropionate, propyl 3-ethoxylpropionate, butyl 3-ethoxylpropionate, methyl 3-propoxylpropionate, ethyl 3-propoxylpropionate, propyl 3-propoxylpropionate, butyl 3-propoxylpropionate, methyl 3-butoxypropionate, ethyl 3-butoxypropionate, propyl 3-butoxypropionate, butyl 3-butoxypropionate or the like. 
     The solvent preferably is selected from diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. 
     A polymerization initiator used for the copolymerization reaction can include but be not limited to azo compound or peroxide. The polymerization initiator can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     The azo compound can include but be not limited to 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxyl-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl butyronitrile), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyano valeric acid), 2,2′-azobis(dimethyl-2-methylpropionate) or the like. 
     The peroxide can include but be not limited to dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, hydrogen peroxide or the like. 
     The molecule weight of the alkali-soluble resin (A) can be adjusted by using a single resin or using two or more resins with different molecular weights synergistically. The weight average molecule weight of the alkali-soluble resin (A) is 3,000 to 100,000, preferably is 4,000 to 80,000, and more preferably is 5,000 to 60,000. 
     Ortho-Naphthoquinone Diazide Sulfonic Acid Ester (B) 
     There is no particular limitation in the ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B), and a conventional ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester can be used. The ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) can be an ester-based compound that is completely esterified or partially esterified. The ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) is preferably obtained by a reaction with o-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid or the salt thereof and a hydroxy compound. More preferably, the ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) is obtained by the reaction with o-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid or the salt thereof and a polyhydroxy compound. 
     The o-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid can include but be not limited to o-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonic acid, o-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid, o-naphthoquinonediazide-6-sulfonic acid or the like. The salt of the o-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid can include but be not limited to diazonaphthoquinone sulfonyl halide. 
     The hydroxy compound can include but be not limited to hydroxybenzophenone-based compound, hydroxyaryl-based compound, (hydroxyphenyl)hydrocarbon compound or other aromatic hydroxy compounds. The hydroxy compound can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     The aforementioned hydroxybenzophenone-based compound can include but be not limited to 2,3,4-trihydroxy benzophenone, 2,4,4′-trihydroxy benzophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxy benzophenone, 2,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxy benzophenone, 2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy benzophenone, 2,4,6,3′,4′-pentahydroxy benzophenone, 2,3,4,2′,4′-pentahydroxy benzophenone, 2,3,4,2′,5′-pentahydroxy benzophenone, 2,4,5,3′,5′-pentahydroxy benzophenone, 2,3,4,3′,4′,5′-hexahydroxy benzophenone or the like. 
     The aforementioned hydroxyaryl-based compound can have the following structure shown as Formula (V-1): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in the Formula (V-1), Y 1  to Y 3  represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons; Y 4  to Y 9  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, an alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbons, an alkenyl of 1 to 6 carbons or cycloalkyl; Y 10  and Y 11  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons; a, b and d represents an integer of 1 to 3; and e represents an integer of 0 or 1. 
     The hydroxyaryl-based compound shown as Formula (V-1) can include but be not limited to tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl methane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl methane, bis(3-cyclohexyl-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl methane, 1-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl]-4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene, 1-[1-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl]-4-[1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]benzene or the like. 
     The aforementioned (hydroxyphenyl)hydrocarbon compound can have the following structure shown as Formula (V-2): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in the Formula (V-2), Y 12  and Y 13  represents a hydrogen tom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, and f and g represents an integer of 1 to 3. 
     The (hydroxyphenyl)hydrocarbon compound shown as Formula (V-2) can include but be not limited to 2-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2′,3′,4′-trihydroxyphenyl)propane, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)propane, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methane or the like. 
     The aforementioned other aromatic hydroxy compounds can include but be not limited to phenol, p-methoxyphenol, dimethylphenol, hydroquinone, bisphenol A, naphthol, catechol, pyrogallol ether, pyrogallol, 1, 2, 3-pyrogallol-1,3-dimethyl ether, 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid, partially esterified or partially etherified 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid or the like. 
     The aforementioned hydroxy compound preferably is selected from 1-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl]-4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene, 2,3,4-trihydroxy benzophenone, 2,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxy benzophenone or a combination thereof. 
     The reaction performed to the o-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid or the salt thereof with the hydroxy compound is usually performed in organic solvent, e.g., dioxane, N-pyrrolidone, or acetamide. Preferably, an alkaline condensing agent, e.g., triethanolamine, alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal bicarbonate is added. 
     The degree of esterification of the ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) is preferably larger than or equal to 50%, i.e., based on the total amount of the hydroxyl groups in the hydroxy compound as 100 mol %, the esterification reaction is performed by 50 mol % or more hydroxyl groups in the hydroxy compound and o-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid or the salt thereof. More preferably, the degree of esterification of the ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) is larger than or equal to 60%. 
     Based on the amount of the alkali-soluble resin (A) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) is 3 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight, preferably is 5 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight, and more preferably is 5 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight. 
     Solvent (C) 
     The solvent (C) of the photosensitive resin composition does not have particular limitations, and every component can completely be dissolved in the solvent (C). The solvent (C) has highly volatility, and the solvent can be evaporated with a small amount of heat under normal pressure. Preferably, the solvent (C) is selected from a solvent with a boiling point below 150° C. under normal pressure. The solvent (C) can be used alone or a combination two or more, and the solvent (C) includes aromatic, such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol and the like; ether, such as ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether and the like; esters, such as glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycol ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol propyl ether acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxylpropionate, and the like; and ketones such as ethylmethyl ketone, acetone and the like. More preferably, for increasing the storage stability of the photosensitive resin composition, the solvent (C) is selected from a group consisting of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxylpropionate and a combination thereof. 
     Based on an amount of the alkali-soluble resin (A) as 100 parts by weight, an amount of the solvent (C) is 100 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight, preferably is 100 parts by weight to 800 parts by weight, and more preferably is 200 parts by weight to 800 parts by weight. 
     Additive (D) 
     The photosensitive resin composition can further selectively comprises the additive (D). According to the requirements, the additive (D) can be selected by those of ordinary skills in the art. The additive (D) can include but be not limited to a filler, a polymer except the alkali-soluble resin (A), an ultraviolet light absorber, an anti-agglutinant, a surfactant, an adhesion promoter, a storage stabilizer, a heat-resistant promoter, a hardening promoter or a combination thereof. 
     The filler can include but be not limited to glass or aluminum without any specific limitations. 
     The aforementioned polymer except the alkali-soluble resin (A) can be polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether or polyfluoro alkyl acrylate. 
     There is no any specific limitation to the ultraviolet light absorber. The ultraviolet light absorber preferably can be 2-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxy phenyl)-5-chlorophenyl nitrine or alkoxy benzophenone. 
     The anti-agglutinant can include but be not limited to polyacrylate sodium. 
     The surfactant can include but be not limited to fluorine containing surfactant or organic silicone surfactant. The surfactant can be used alone or a combination two or more, and the surfactant can improve the coating ability of the photosensitive resin composition. 
     The aforementioned fluorine containing surfactant at least includes fluoro alkyl group or fluoro alkenyl group at the terminal group, main chain and branch chain thereof. The fluorine containing surfactant can include but be not limited to 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorohexyl(tetrafluoropropyl)ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro octylhexyl ether, octaethylene glycol di(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutyl)ether, hexaethylene glycol (1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropentyl)ether, octapropanediol di(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutyl)ether, hexapropanediol (1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropentyl)ether, perfluoro sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1,1,2,2,8,8,9,9,10,10-Perfluorododecane, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorodecane, fluothane benzene sulfonate, fluothane sodium phosphate, fluothane carboxylic sodium, fluothane polyethenoxy ether, dipropanetriol tetra(fluothane polyethenoxy ether), fluothane ammonium iodide, fluothane lycine, fluoroalkyl polyethenoxy ether, perfluoroalkyl polyethenoxy ether and perfluoroalkyl alkanol. Commercial products of the fluorine containing surfactant can include but be not limited to the product manufactured by BM Chemical Co., LTD., and the trade name is BM-1000, BM-1100; the product manufactured by Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc., and the trade name is Megafac F142D, Megafac F172, Megafac F173, Megafac F183, Megafac F178, Megafac F191, Megafac F471 or Megafac F476; the product manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and the trade name is Fluorad FC 170C, Fluorad FC-171, Fluorad FC-430 or Fluorad FC-431; the product manufactured by AGC Display Glass Co., Ltd., and the trade name is Surflon S-112, Surflon S-113, Surflon S-131, Surflon S-141, Surflon S-145, Surflon S-382, Surflon SC-101, Surflon SC-102, Surflon SC-103, Surflon SC-104, Surflon SC-105 or Surflon SC-106; the product manufactured by Shin-Akita Kasei Co., Ltd., and the trade name is F-Top EF301, F-Top EF303 or F-Top EF352; the product manufactured by NEOS Co., Ltd., and the trade name is Ftergent FT-100, FT-110, FT-140A, FT-150, FT-250, FT-251, FTX-251, FTX-218, FT-300, FT-310 or FT-400S. 
     Commercial products of the organic silicone surfactant can include but be not limited to the product manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Silicone, and the trade name is DC 3 PA, DC 7 PA, SH 11 PA, SH 21 PA, SH 28 PA, SH 29 PA, SH 30 PA, SH-190, SH-193, SZ-6032, SF-8427, SF-8428, DC-57 or DC-190; the product manufactured by GE-Toshiba Silicones Co., Ltd., and the trade name is TSF-4440, TSF-4300, TSF-4445, TSF-4446, TSF-4460 or TSF-4452. 
     Except the aforementioned fluorine containing surfactant or the organic silicone surfactant, the surfactant can be: (1) polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, such as lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene stearate ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether or the like; (2) polyoxyethylene aryl ether, such as polyoxyethylene n-octyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene n-nonyl phenol ether or the like; (3) polyoxyethylene dialkyl ester: polyoxyethylene dilaurate, polyoxyethylene distearate or the like; (4) nonionic surfactant: the product manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and the trade name is KP-341; the product manufactured by Kyoeisha grease Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the trade name is poly flow No. 57 or poly flow No. 95. 
     The adhesion promoter can include but be not limited to a functional silane compound, and the adhesion promoter can enhance the adhesion property between the photosensitive resin composition and the substrate. Preferably, the functional silane compound is a silane compound containing carboxyl group, alkenyl group, isocyanate group, epoxy group, amine group, hydrosulphonyl group or halogen. 
     The functional silane compound can include but be not limited to p-hydroxy phenyl trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triacetoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxylsilane, vinyl tri(2-methoxyethoxyl)silane, y-isocyanatepropyl triethoxylsilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (such as commercial product manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and the trade name is KBM403), 2-(3,4-glycidoxycyclohexyl)ethyl trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropoxyl propyl dimethyl methoxylsilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptpropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylmethyl dimethoxysilane or the like. The functional silane compound can be used alone or a combination two or more. 
     The storage stabilizer can include but not be limited to sulfur, quinone, hydroquinone, polyoxide, amine, nitroso compound or nitryl compound. The storage stabilizer can be 4-methoxyl phenol, (N-nitroso-N-phenyl) hydroxylamine aluminum, 2,2′-thio-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,6-di-t-butylphenol or the like. 
     The heat-resistant promoter can include but be not limited to N-(alkoxymethyl) glycoluril compound and N-(alkoxymethyl) melamine. The aforementioned N-(alkoxymethyl) glycoluril compound can include but be not limited to N,N,N′,N′-tetra(methoxylmethyl)glycoluril, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(ethoxylmethyl)glycoluril, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(n-propoxylmethyl)glycoluril, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(isopropoxylmethyl)glycoluril, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(n-butoxymethyl)glycoluril and N,N,N′,N′-tetra(t-butoxymethyl)glycoluril. The N-(alkoxymethyl) glycoluril compound preferably can be N,N,N′,N′-tetra(methoxylmethyl)glycoluril 
     The aforementioned N-(alkoxymethyl) melamine can include but be not limited to N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(methoxylmethyl)melamine, N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(ethoxylmethyl)melamine, N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(n-propoxylmethyl)melamine, N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(isopropoxylmethyl)melamine, N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(n-butoxymethyl)melamine and N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(t-butoxymethyl)melamine. 
     The N-(alkoxymethyl) melamine preferably can be N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexa(methoxylmethyl)melamine. The commercial products of the N-(alkoxymethyl)melamine are manufactured by Sanwa Chemical, and the trade names are NIKARAKKU N-2702 or MW-30M. 
     The hardening promoter can include but be not limited to (1) a compound having an epoxy group: the compound can include but be not limited to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol compound, such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, hexahydrohsphenol A diglycidyl ether, hexahydrohsphenol F diglycidyl ether, hexahydrohsphenol AD diglycidyl ether, brominated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, brominated bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, brominated bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, or the like; (2) guanamine compound: the compound can include but be not limited to melamine, guanamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine or the like; (3) amine compound: the compound can include but be not limited to dicyandiamide, dimethylbenzylamine, 4-(dimethylamine)-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, 4-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, 4-methyl-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine or the like; (4) imidazole derivatives and the salt thereof: the compound can include but be not limited to imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 4-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole or the like. 
     According to the requirements, the amount of the additives (D) can be adjusted by those skilled in the art. Based on the total amount of the alkali-soluble resin (A) as 100 parts by weight, the amount of the additive (D) is 0 parts by weight to 30 parts by weigh, preferably is 0 parts by weight to 25 parts by weight, and more preferably is 0 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight. 
     Producing Photosensitive Resin Composition 
     The photosensitive resin composition is manufactured by mixing the alkali-soluble resin (A), the ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B) and the solvent (C) in a mixer uniformly to form a solution. If necessary, the additive (D) can selectively be added 
     Producing Protective Film and Element Having Protective Film 
     The protective film is obtained by coating the aforementioned photosensitive resin composition onto a substrate, and then the substrate is subjected to a pre-bake treatment, an exposing treatment, a developing treatment and a post-bake treatment. 
     The aforementioned substrate is selected from alkali-free glass, soda-lime glass, Pyrex glass, quartz glass, a glass substrate coated with a transparent conductive film thereon or the like, and a photoelectric conversion substrate (such as a silicon substrate) used in a solid-state image sensor. 
     There is no particular limitation in the coating method of the protective film of the present invention. The photosensitive resin composition can be coated onto the substrate by spray coating, roll coating, spin coating, slot die coating, bar coating, ink-jet printing or the like. The aforementioned coating method preferably is spin coating or slot die coating. 
     Then, the pre-bake treatment is performed to the substrate coated with the photosensitive rein composition thereon to remove the solvent, thereby forming a pre-bake coating film. According to the differences of the compositions and the ration thereof, the parameters of the pre-bake treatment are different. The pre-bake treatment is generally performed at 60° C. to 110° C. for 30 seconds to 15 minutes. A thickness of the pre-bake coating film preferably is 3 μm to 6 μm. 
     After the pre-bake treatment is performed, the pre-bake coating film is placed under a mask and the pre-bake coating film is subjected to the exposing treatment. A light of the exposing treatment can include but be not limited to ultraviolet light, far ultraviolet light, X-ray or charged particle beam. The ultraviolet light can be g-line (the wavelength is 436 nm), h-line, I-line (the wavelength is 365 nm) or the like. The far ultraviolet light can be KrF excimer laser or the like. The X-ray can be synchronous acceleration radiation or the like. The charged particle beam can be electron beam or the like. The light of the exposing treatment preferably is the ultraviolet light, and more preferably is g-line or I-line. When the light of the exposing treatment is ultraviolet light, the ultraviolet light radiation device can include but be not limited to a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp and a metal halide lamp. The exposing energy of the exposing treatment preferably is 50 J/m 2  to 1500 J/m 2 . 
     The exposed pre-bake coating film is immersed into a developing solution to subject to the aforementioned developing treatment. According to the difference of the photosensitive resin composition, the developing treatment is performed for 30 seconds to 2 minutes to remove undesired portions, thereby forming a desired pattern. For example, the developing solution can be (1) inorganic base: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, metasilicate sodium or ammonia; (2) the primary fatty amine: ethylamine or n-propylamine; (3) the secondary fatty amine: diethylamine or n-propylamine; (4) the tertiary fatty amine: trimethylamine, diethylamine methyl, dimethylethylamine or triethylamine; (5) the tertiary fatty cyclo-acid: pyrrole, piperidine, N-methyl piperidine, N-methyl 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecylene or 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene; (6) the third-grade aromatic amine: pyridine, methylpyrimidine, dimethyl pyridine or quinoline; (7) the quaternary ammonium salt alkaline compound: aqueous solutions of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide or tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide. 
     Furthermore, the aforementioned developing solution can selectively include a water-soluble organic solvent and/or a surfactant, such as methanol or ethanol. Besides, the developing method can include but be not limited to a soaking method, an immersion method, a shaking immersion method, a showering method, or the suitable like. 
     When the developing solution is composed of the aforementioned alkali compound, the film is washed by water after the developing treatment is performed, and then the film is dried through a compressed air or nitrogen. Preferably, after the developing treatment is performed, the film can selectively be subjected to a post-exposing treatment by a high pressure mercury lamp to totally irradiate the coating film, thereby decomposing the residual ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (B). The exposing energy of the post-exposing treatment preferably is 2000 J/m 2  to 5000 J/m 2 . 
     After the developing treatment is performed, the post-bake treatment is performed by a hot plate, an oven or the like to curing the developed pre-bake coating film. The post-bake temperature is generally 120° C. to 250° C. The post-bake period can be adjusted by the difference of the heating device, such as the post-bake period is 5 minutes to 30 minutes when the post-bake treatment is performed by the hot plate, and the post-bake period is 30 minutes to 90 minutes when the post-bake treatment is performed by the oven. After the aforementioned treating process, the protective film is produced. 
     The element having the protective film of the present invention includes a substrate and the aforementioned protective film covered on the substrate. For example, the element having the protective film can be a display element, a semiconductor element, a core material or a covering material of an optical waveguide or the like. 
     Several embodiments are described below to illustrate the application of the present invention. However, these embodiments are not used for limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, various variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Producing Alkali-soluble Resin (A) 
     The alkali-soluble resins (A) of Synthesis Examples A-1 to A-11 were prepared according to Table 1 as follow. 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE A-1 
     A 1000 ml four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a stirrer, a heater, a condenser and a thermometer was purged with nitrogen gas. 5 parts by weight of methacrylic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as a1-1), 15 parts by weight of 9,9′-bis[3-phenyl-4-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxyl)phenyl]fluorene (hereinafter abbreviated as a2-2), 80 parts by weight of tert-butoxystyene (hereinafter abbreviated as a3-2) and 240 parts by weight of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (hereinafter abbreviated as diglyme) were added into the four-necked flask in an one-time manner. 
     After the flask was filled with nitrogen gas, reactants in the flask were mixed uniformly and the temperature of an oil bath was increased to 85° C. 3 parts by weight of 2,2′-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (hereinafter abbreviated as ADVN) was dissolved in 20 parts by weight of diglyme to form a ADVN solution. The ADVN solution was divided into five equal parts, and each part of the ADVN solution was added in turn into the four-necked flask at the same interval in one hour. The polymerization reaction was performed at 70° C. After 5 hours, a polymerization product was taken out and the solvent was removed, thereby obtaining the alkali-soluble resin (A−1). 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES A-2 to A-11 
     Synthesis Examples A-2 to A-11 were made by the same method as in Synthesis Example A-1 with various kinds or amounts of the components for the alkali-soluble resin (A). The formulations and polymerization conditions of the alkali-soluble resins (A-2) to (A-11) were listed in Table 1 rather than focusing or mentioning them in details. 
     Producing Photosensitive Resin Composition 
     The photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared according to Table 2. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     100 parts by weight of alkali-soluble resin of the aforementioned Synthesis Example A-1, 5 parts by weight of ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester (hereinafter abbreviated as B-1) synthesized with 1-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl]-4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene and o-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic, and 100 parts by weight of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA; hereinafter abbreviated as C-1) were added into a 500 ml of three-necked flask. The composition was mixed uniformly by a shaking mixer, thereby obtaining the photosensitive resin of the Example 1. The resulted photosensitive resin composition was determined according to the following method of evaluating the resistance to development, and the results were listed as Table 2. 
     EXAMPLES 2 to 10 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 to 3 
     Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were made by the same method as in Example 1 with various kinds and amounts of ingredients of the photosensitive resin composition. The formulations and evaluation results of the photosensitive resin composition of Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were listed in Table 2 rather than focusing or mentioning them in details. 
     Producing Protective Film 
     The photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were made to protective films respectively by using the producing method of the protective film as aforementioned. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1 
     The photosensitive resin composition of Example 1 was spin-coated on a prime glass substrate of 100 mm*100 mm*0.7 mm in size, and then pre-baked for 2 minutes at 110° C. to obtain a pre-coated film of about 2 μm in thickness. Next, a mask for positive photo resist was interposed between an exposure machine (manufactured by M&amp;R Nano Technology, and the trade name is AG500-4N) and the pre-coated film, and the ultraviolet light of 200 mJ/cm 2  was used to irradiate the pre-coated film. And then, the exposed pre-coated film was immersed into the developing solution of 0.4 wt % tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate at 23° C. for 1 minute, so as to remove the exposed portion. After the film was washed by pure water, the developed pre-coated film was directly irradiated by the exposure machine, and the exposing energy was 300 mJ/cm 2 . Afterwards, the film was post-baked at 230° C. for 60 minutes, thereby obtaining the patterned protective film on the prime glass substrate. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLES 2 to 10 and COMPARATIVE APPLICATION EXAMPLES 1 to 3 
     Application Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Application Examples 1 to 3 were made by the same method of Application Example 1 with various kinds or amounts of ingredients of the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 2 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. 
     Evaluation Methods 
     Resistance to Development 
     The photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were respectively spin-coated on a prime glass substrate of 100 mm*100 mm*0.7 mm in size, and then pre-baked for 2 minutes at 110° C. to obtain a pre-coated film of about 2 μm in thickness. Next, a mask for positive photo resist was interposed between an exposure machine (manufactured by M&amp;R Nano Technology, and the trade name is AG500-4N) and the pre-coated film, and the ultraviolet light of 200 mJ/cm 2  was used to irradiate the pre-coated film. A film thickness (that is to say a film thickness before the developing treatment) of the exposed pre-baked film was measured. And then, the exposed pre-baled film was immersed into the developing solution of 0.4 wt % tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate at 23° C. for 1 minute, so as to remove the exposed portion. After the film was washed by pure water, a dot pattern array was obtained. A thickness (defined as a film thickness after the developing treatment) of the dot pattern array was measured. A film thickness ratio was calculated according to the following Formula (VI), and an evaluation was made according to the following criterion: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     film 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     thickness 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     ratio 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         film 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         thickness 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         after 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         developing 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         treatment 
                       
                       
                         film 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         thickness 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         before 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         developing 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         treatment 
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                     ⁢ 
                     % 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   VI 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
         
         
           
             ⊚: 98% ≦film thickness ratio; 
             ◯: 95% ≦film thickness ratio &lt;; 98%; 
             Δ: the pattern was peeled offpartially; 
             x: the pattern was peeled completely. 
           
         
       
    
     According to Table 2, when the alkali-soluble resin (A) includes a comonomer of the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2), the photosensitive resin has an excellent resistance to development. Moreover, if the unsaturated compound having an acid-decomposable group (a3) is the copolymerizing monomer for the alkali-soluble resin (A), the photosensitive resin composition has an excellent resistance to development. 
     Besides, when the alkali-soluble resin composition (A) includes the unsaturated compound having an epoxy group (a4), the photosensitive resin composition has a better resistance to development. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4 
     100 parts by weight of the alkali-soluble resin of the aforementioned Synthesis Example A-10, 10 parts by weight of ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester synthesized with 2,3,4-trihydroxy benzophenone and o-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic (hereinafter abbreviated as B-2) and 5 parts by weight of 9,9′-bis[4-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxyl)phenyl]fluorene were poured into 300 parts by weight of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the solution was mixed uniformly by a shaking mixer, thereby obtaining the photosensitive resin composition of Comparative Example 4. The photosensitive resin composition was determined according to the aforementioned method of evaluating the resistance to development. After Comparative Example 4 was determined by the aforementioned method, the resistance to development of Comparative Example 4 was determined as the symbol x. 
     According to Comparative Example 4, when the alkali-soluble resin (A) does not include a copolymerizing monomer of the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2), the photosensitive resin composition has a defect of poor resistance to development even if the photosensitive resin composition includes the fluorene derivative having a double-bond group (a2). 
     It should be supplemented that, although specific compounds, components, specific reactive conditions, specific processes, specific evaluation methods or specific equipments are employed as exemplary embodiments of the present invention, for illustrating the photosensitive resin composition and the application thereof of the present invention. However, as is understood by a person skilled in the art instead of limiting to the aforementioned examples, the photosensitive resin composition and the application thereof of the present invention also can be manufactured by using other compounds, components, reactive conditions, processes, analysis methods and equipment without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     As is understood by a person skilled in the art, the foregoing preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated of the present invention rather than limiting of the present invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of which should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structure. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Composition 
               
               
                   
                 Monomer (parts by weight) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Synthesis 
                 (a1) 
                 (a2) 
                 (a3) 
                 (a4) 
                 (a5) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 
                 a1-1 
                 a1-2 
                 a1-3 
                 a2-1 
                 a2-2 
                 a2-3 
                 a3-1 
                 a3-2 
                 a3-3 
                 a4-1 
                 a4-2 
                 a4-3 
                 a5-1 
                 a5-2 
                 a5-3 
                 a5-4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A-1 
                 5 
                   
                   
                   
                 15 
                   
                   
                 80 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 A-2 
                   
                   
                 10 
                 40 
                   
                   
                 50 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 25 
                 25 
                   
                   
               
               
                 A-3 
                   
                 15 
                   
                   
                 30 
                   
                   
                 55 
                   
                   
                   
                 50 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 A-4 
                   
                   
                 20 
                   
                   
                 70 
                   
                 10 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
                   
               
               
                 A-5 
                 5 
                   
                 5 
                 25 
                   
                   
                 50 
                 15 
                   
                 1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 A-6 
                   
                 29 
                   
                   
                   
                 70 
                   
                   
                 1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15 
                 20 
               
               
                 A-7 
                 10 
                   
                   
                 40 
                 30 
                   
                 20 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 A-8 
                   
                   
                 15 
                   
                 50 
                   
                   
                 35 
                   
                   
                 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 A-9 
                 30 
                   
                   
                   
                 70 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
                   
                 30 
               
               
                 A-10 
                   
                   
                 20 
                   
                   
                   
                 80 
                   
                   
                   
                 20 
                   
                 10 
                   
                 30 
                   
               
               
                 A-11 
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 40 
                 20 
                   
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Composition 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Solvent (parts by 
                 Catalyst (parts 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Synthesis 
                 weight) 
                 by weight) 
                   
                 Copolymerizing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 
                 Diglyme 
                 PGMEA 
                 AMBN 
                 ADVN 
                 Reacting Temperature (° C.) 
                 Period (hours) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-1 
                 250 
                   
                   
                 3.0 
                 70 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-2 
                   
                 500 
                   
                 3.5 
                 70 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 A-3 
                 500 
                   
                 2.5 
                   
                 70 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 A-4 
                 250 
                   
                   
                 2.5 
                 75 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-5 
                   
                 250 
                 2.5 
                   
                 70 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-6 
                 400 
                   
                   
                 3.0 
                 75 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-7 
                 250 
                   
                 2.5 
                   
                 70 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-8 
                   
                 250 
                 2.5 
                   
                 75 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 A-9 
                 100 
                 200 
                   
                 3.0 
                 70 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-10 
                 200 
                 100 
                 3.0 
                   
                 70 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 A-11 
                 500 
                   
                 3.5 
                   
                 70 
                 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compound 
               
               
                 a1-1 methacrylic acid 
               
               
                 a1-2 acrylic acid 
               
               
                 a1-3 2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinate monoester 
               
               
                 a2-1 9,9′-bis[4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene 
               
               
                 a2-2 9,9′-bis[3-phenyl-4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene 
               
               
                 a2-3 9,9′-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]fluorene 
               
               
                 a3-1 tetrahydropyranyloxy styrene 
               
               
                 a3-2 tert-butoxystyene 
               
               
                 a3-3 4-(ethoxyethoxy)styrene 
               
               
                 a4-1 glycidyl methacylate 
               
               
                 a4-2 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate 
               
               
                 a4-3 p-vinylbenzylglycidylether 
               
               
                 a5-1 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 
               
               
                 a5-2 dicyclopentanyl methacrylate 
               
               
                 a5-3 benzyl methacrylate 
               
               
                 a5-4 styrene 
               
               
                 Diglyme diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 
               
               
                 PGMEA propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 
               
               
                 AMBN 2,2′-azobis-2-methyl butyronitrile 
               
               
                 ADVN 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 Comparative Example 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Composition 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Alakli-soluble Resin (A) 
                 A-1 
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (parts by weight) 
                 A-2 
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 70 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-3 
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-4 
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                 80 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-6 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-7 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                 20 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-8 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-9 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-10 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 30 
                   
                 100 
                   
               
               
                   
                 A-11 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 100 
               
               
                 Ortho-naphthoquinone 
                 B-1 
                 5 
                 3 
                 10 
                 10 
                 25 
                   
                 30 
                 10 
                   
                 10 
                 20 
                   
                 15 
               
               
                 Diazide Sulfonic Acid 
                 B-2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 20 
                   
                 5 
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
                   
               
               
                 Ester (B) (parts by 
                 B-3 
                   
                   
                   
                 5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 weight) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Solvent (C) 
                 C-1 
                 100 
                 200 
                 100 
                 600 
                   
                   
                 600 
                 400 
                 300 
                 200 
                 300 
                   
                   
               
               
                 (parts by weight) 
                 C-2 
                   
                   
                 100 
                   
                 800 
                   
                 200 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 300 
                 300 
               
               
                   
                 C-3 
                   
                 100 
                 300 
                   
                   
                 300 
                 200 
                   
                 200 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Additive (D) 
                 D-1 
                   
                 0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (parts by weight) 
                 D-2 
                   
                   
                   
                 2.0 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Evaluation Method 
                 Resistance 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                 to Devel- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 opment 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 B-1 ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester synthesized with 1-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl]-4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene and o-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic 
               
               
                 B-2 ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester synthesized with 2,3,4-trihydroxy benzophenone and o-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic 
               
               
                 B-3 ortho-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid ester synthesized with 2,3,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone and o-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic 
               
               
                 C-1 propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (abbreviated as PGMEA) 
               
               
                 C-2 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (abbreviated as Diglyme) 
               
               
                 C-3 ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (abbreviated as EEP) 
               
               
                 D-1 SF-8427 (manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Silicone) 
               
               
                 D-2 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; the trade name is KBM403)