Patent Publication Number: US-2018047245-A1

Title: Skill competition wagering system

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/US16/29068, filed on Apr. 22, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/151,215, filed Apr. 22, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/234,643, filed Sep. 29, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/274,509, filed Jan. 4, 2016, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/293,759, filed Feb. 10, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/307,684, filed Mar. 14, 2016, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the invention are generally related to communications within data processing systems. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to the communication and processing of wagering data. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The gaming industry has traditionally developed electronic gaming machines (EGMs) that implement simple wagers. However, more complicated wagering processes need communication and processing systems that are better suited for implementing these more complicated wagering processes. Various aspects of embodiments of the invention meet such a need. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention provide a communication and data processing system constructed for a skill competition wagering system. 
     In an embodiment, a skill competition wagering system is provided. The skill competition wagering system includes an interactive controller having a touchscreen driver operatively connected to a touchscreen controller and a process controller, wherein the touchscreen driver is constructed to: receive touchscreen telemetry data from touchscreen controller; determine from the touchscreen telemetry data, that two or more users are touching a touchscreen operatively connected to the touchscreen controller; communicate to the process controller, a request for a randomized sequence; receive from the process controller the randomized sequence; determine an ordered touch sequence using the touchscreen telemetry data and the randomized sequence; and communicate the ordered touch sequence to an interactive application of the interactive controller. The process controller is constructed to: receive the request for a randomized sequence from the driver; generate the randomized sequence using a random number generator; and communicate the randomized sequence to the driver. 
     In another embodiment, the interactive controller and the process controller are constructed from the same device. 
     In yet another embodiment the process controller is operatively connected to the interactive controller using a communication link. 
     In some embodiments, the skill competition wagering system has an enclosure constructed to mount: the touchscreen; a user output device operatively connected to the interactive controller; a credit input device operatively connected to the process controller; and a credit output device operatively connected to the process controller. 
     In many embodiments, the process controller is further constructed to: communicate with the credit input device to receive a credit input; credit a credit meter with credits based on the incoming credit data; generate a chance-based component based on a random result generated by the random number generator; determine a competitive skill proposition based on the chance-based component; communicate the competitive skill proposition to the interactive controller; receive a skill outcome of the competitive skill proposition from the interactive controller; update the credit meter based on skill outcome; and communicate with the credit output device to generate a credit output based on credits transferred off of the credit meter. The interactive controller is further constructed to: receive the competitive skill proposition from the process controller; generate a user presentation based on the competitive skill proposition; detect user interactions with the user presentation; determine a skill outcome based on the user interactions and the competitive skill proposition; and communicate the skill outcome to the process controller. 
     In some embodiments, a skill competition wagering system includes an interactive controller operatively connected to a touchscreen and a process controller, wherein the interactive controller is constructed to: provide a competitive skill proposition to two or more users, wherein the competitive skill proposition utilizes a user interface including the touchscreen; determine that a tie has occurred when the two or more users attempt to touch the touchscreen simultaneously; communicate to the process controller, a request for a randomized sequence; receive from the process controller the randomized sequence; determine an ordered touch sequence using touchscreen telemetry data received from the touchscreen and the randomized sequence; and break the tie using the ordered touch sequence. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, a process controller operates as an interface between an interactive controller that determines skill outcomes and a wagering subcontroller that determines chance-based components. By virtue of this feature, the wagering subcontroller is isolated from the interactive controller allowing the interactive controller to operate in an unregulated environment will allowing the wagering subcontroller to operate in a regulated environment, thus providing for more efficient management of the operations of such a system. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a single wagering subcontroller may provide services to two or more interactive controllers, thus allowing a skill competition wagering system to operate more efficiently over a large range of scaling. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, multiple types of interactive controllers using different operating systems may be interfaced to a single type of process controller without requiring customization of the process controller and/or the wagering subcontroller, thus improving the efficiency of the process controller and/or the wagering subcontroller by reducing complexity associated with maintaining separate process controllers and/or wagering subcontrollers for each type of interactive controller. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, an interactive controller may be provided as a user device under control of a user while maintaining the process controller in an environment under the control of a regulated operator of wagering equipment, thus providing for a more economical system as the regulated operator need not expend capital to purchase interactive controllers. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, data communicated between the controllers may be encrypted to increase security of the skill competition wagering system. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a process controller isolates chance-based component logic and competitive skill proposition logic as unregulated logic from a regulated wagering subcontroller, thus allowing errors in the competitive skill proposition logic and/or chance-based component logic to be corrected, new competitive skill proposition logic and/or chance-based component logic to be used, or modifications to be made to the competitive skill proposition logic and/or chance-based component logic without a need for time-consuming regulatory approval. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, an interactive application may require extensive processing resources from an interactive controller leaving few processing resources for the functions performed by a process controller and/or a wagering subcontroller. By virtue of an architecture of some embodiments of the invention, processing loads may be distributed across multiple devices such that operations of the interactive controller may be dedicated to an interactive application and the processes of the process controller and/or wagering subcontroller are not burdened by the requirements of the interactive application. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a skill competition wagering system operates with its components being distributed across multiple devices. These devices can be connected by communication channels including, but not limited to, local area networks, wide area networks, local communication buses, and/or the like. The devices may communicate using various types of protocols, including but not limited to, networking protocols, device-to-device communications protocols, and the like. In many such embodiments, one or more components of a skill competition wagering system are distributed in close proximity to each other and communicate using a local area network and/or a communication bus. In several embodiments, an interactive controller and a process controller of a skill competition wagering system are in a common location. In some embodiments, a process controller communicates with an external interactive controller. In various embodiments, these multiple controllers and subcontrollers can be constructed from or configured using a single device or a plurality of devices such that a skill competition wagering system is executed as a system in a virtualized space such as, but not limited to, where a wagering subcontroller and a process controller are large scale centralized servers and are operatively connected to distributed interactive controllers via a wide area network such as the Internet or a local area network. In such embodiments, the components of a skill competition wagering system may communicate using a networking protocol or other type of device-to-device communications protocol. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, an interactive controller is an interactive server acting as a host for managing head-to-head user interactions over a network of interactive subcontrollers connected to the interactive server using a communication link. The interactive server provides an environment where users can compete directly with one another and interact with other users. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a structure of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2A  is a diagram of an electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a diagram of a table electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of distributed skill competition wagering systems in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrams of a structure of an interactive controller of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of a structure of a process controller of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of a structure of a credit processing controller of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a sequence diagram of interactions between components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a process flow diagram of interactions between components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 10  is another process flow diagram of interactions between components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 11  is another process flow diagram of interactions between components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  are diagrams of some components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram of a process implemented by components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 14  is another sequence diagram of a process implemented by components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a flowchart of a process that may be performed to create a dynamic card system of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a presentation of a user interface of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 17 to 21  are illustrations of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 22  is another presentation of a user interface of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 23 and 24  are illustrations of another process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 25  is another presentation of a user interface of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 26 and 27  are illustrations of another process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 28  is another presentation of a user interface of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 29 and 30  are illustrations of another process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A skill competition wagering system allows for the management of a wagering proposition having a competitive skill proposition for one or more users where the competitive skill proposition has one or more chance-based components generated in accordance with a chance proposition. In some embodiments of a skill competition wagering system, an interactive application executed by an interactive controller provides competitive skill proposition components of the skill competition wagering system. The interactive controller is operatively connected to a process controller that manages and configures the interactive controller and the interactive application, and determines competitive skill propositions having chance-based components determined by a wagering subcontroller that are resolved as skill outcomes determined by the interactive application. 
     In various embodiments, the interactive application is a multiuser interactive application with which two or more users may interact. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller also provides a wagering user interface that is used to receive commands and display data for a wagering process and wagering outcome determined from the skill outcome in accordance with a wagering proposition. The content of the wagering user interface is controlled by the process controller and includes content provided by the wagering subcontroller and the interactive controller. 
     In various embodiments, an interactive controller provides a management user interface used to manage a user profile. 
     Many different types of interactive applications may be utilized with the skill competition wagering system. In some embodiments, the interactive application reacts to the physical activity of a user. In these embodiments, the interactive application senses user interactions with the interactive application through one or more sensors that monitor the user&#39;s physical activities. Such sensors may include, but are not limited to, physiological sensors that monitor the physiology of the user, environmental sensors that monitor the physical environment of the interactive controller, accelerometers that monitor changes in motion of the interactive controller, and location sensors that monitor the location of the interactive controller such as global positioning sensors. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application implements a skill-based interactive application and interacts with the user by sensing skillful interactions with an interactive user interface generated by the interactive application. 
     In many embodiments, the interactive application generates various types of interactive elements in an interactive application environment. In some embodiments, these interactive elements are interactive application resources utilized within the interactive application environment to provide an interactive experience for a user. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, a chance-based component of the competitive skill proposition can influence interactive elements in the interactive application environment such as, but not limited to, automatically providing one or more new interactive elements, automatically restoring one or more consumed interactive elements, automatically causing the loss of one or more interactive elements, and automatic restoration or placement of one or more fixed interactive elements. 
     In various embodiments, the wagers may be made using one or more credits. 
     In some embodiments, credits can be one or more credits that are purchased using, and redeemed in, a real world currency having a real world value. 
     In many embodiments, credits can be one or more credits in a virtual currency. Virtual currency is an alternate currency that can be acquired, purchased or transferred by or to a user, but does not necessarily directly correlate to a real world currency. In many such embodiments, credits in a virtual currency are allowed to be purchased using a real world currency but are prevented from being redeemed in a real world currency having a real world value. 
     In several embodiments, interaction with the interactive elements of the interactive application, application credits can be optionally consumed and/or accrued within the interactive application as a result of interaction with the interactive elements. Application credits can be in the form of, but not limited to, application environment credits, experience points, and points generally. 
     In various embodiments, application credits are awarded on the basis of skillful interactions with the interactive elements of a skill-based interactive application. The skill-based interactive application can have one or more scoring criteria, embedded within a process controller and/or an interactive controller that provides the skill-based interactive application, that can be used to determine user performance against one or more goals of the skill-based interactive application in accordance with a competitive skill proposition. 
     In many embodiments, application credits can be used to purchase in-application items, including but not limited to, application interactive elements that have particular properties, power ups for existing items, and other item enhancements. 
     In some embodiments, application credits may be used to earn entrance into a sweepstakes drawing, to earn entrance in a tournament with prizes, to score in the tournament, and/or to participate and/or score in any other interactive application event. 
     In several embodiments, application credits can be stored on a user-tracking card, voucher or in a network-based user tracking system where the application credits are attributed to a specific user. 
     In many embodiments, a wagering proposition includes a wager of application credits for payout of application credits, interactive application elements, and/or interactive application objects in accordance with the chance-based proposition. 
     In a number of embodiments, a wager of an amount of credits results in a payout of application credits, interactive elements, and/or interactive application objects that have a credit value if cashed out. 
     In some embodiments, interactive application objects include in-application objects that may be utilized to enhance user interactions with the interactive application. Such objects include, but are not limited to, power-ups, enhanced in-application items, and the like. In some embodiments, the interactive application objects include objects that are detrimental to user interactions with the interactive application such as, but not limited to, obstructions in the interactive application space, a temporary handicap, an enhanced opponent, and the like. 
     In numerous embodiments, an interactive application command is an instruction by a process controller to an interactive controller and/or an interactive application of the interactive controller to modify a state of an interactive application or modify one or more interactive application resources or interactive elements. In some embodiments, the interactive application commands may be automatically generated by the process controller using one or more of a chance-based component and/or application environment variables. An interactive application command can be used by a process controller control many processes of an interactive application, such as, but not limited to, an causing an addition of a period of time available for a current interactive application session for the interactive application, an addition of a period of time available for a future skill competition wagering system interactive application session or any other modification to the interactive application interactive elements that can be utilized during an interactive application session. 
     In some embodiments, asynchronous communications provided for by a skill competition wagering system may reduce an amount of idle waiting time by an interactive controller of the skill competition wagering system, thus increasing an amount of processing resources that the interactive controller may provide to an interactive application or other processes of the interactive controller. In many embodiments, asynchronous communications provided for by a skill competition wagering system reduces an amount of idle waiting time by a process controller, thus increasing an amount of processing resources that the process controller may provide to determine chance-based components, and other processes provided by the process controller. 
     In some embodiments, a wagering subcontroller of a skill competition wagering system may be operatively connected to a plurality of interactive controllers through a process controller and the asynchronous communications provided for by the process controllers allows the wagering subcontroller to operate more efficiently by providing chance outcomes to a larger number of interactive controllers than would be achievable without the process controller of the skill competition wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, a skill competition wagering system including a process controller operatively connected to a wagering subcontroller and operatively connected to an interactive controller wherein the process controller provides for simplified communication protocols for communications of the interactive controller as the interactive controller may communicate interactions with an interactive application provided by the interactive controller to the process controller without regard to a nature of a chance-based proposition. 
     In various embodiments, a skill competition wagering system including a process controller operatively connected to a wagering subcontroller and operatively connected to an interactive controller may provide for simplified communication protocols for communications of the wagering subcontroller as the wagering subcontroller may receive competitive skill proposition requests and communicate determined competitive skill propositions having chance-based components without regard to a nature of an interactive application provided by the interactive controller. 
     In some embodiments, a skill competition wagering system including a process controller operatively connecting a wagering subcontroller to an interactive controller may provide for reduced processing requirement for the interactive controller by offloading the execution of a random number generator from the interactive controller to the process controller. In various such embodiments, additional processing resources may be made available to graphics processing or other processing intensive operations by the interactive controller because of the offloaded random number processing. 
     In various embodiments, a skill competition wagering system including a process controller operatively connecting a wagering subcontroller to an interactive controller provides for operation of the interactive controller in an unsecure location or manner, while providing for operation of the wagering subcontroller in a secure location or manner. 
     In some embodiments, a skill competition wagering system including a process controller operatively connecting a wagering subcontroller to an interactive controller allows the skill competition wagering system to have regulated components coupled to unregulated components in a heterogeneous regulated environment. For example, in several such embodiments, the interactive controller may be a device that is not regulated by a wagering regulatory agency whereas the wagering subcontroller is regulated by the wagering regulatory agency. A process controller of a skill competition wagering system may provide for isolation of the processing of the interactive controller from the processing of the wagering subcontroller. In such a heterogeneous regulatory environment, the process controller may or may not be itself a regulated by the wagering regulatory authority. In addition, components of an interactive application executed by the interactive controller may be either regulated or unregulated by the wagering regulatory agency. 
     Skill Competition Wagering Systems 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram of a structure of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The skill competition wagering system  100  includes an interactive controller  102 , a process controller  104 , and a credit processing controller  105 . The interactive controller  102  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, the process controller  104 . The process controller  104  is also operatively connected to, and communicates with, the credit processing controller  105 . 
     In various embodiments, the interactive controller  102  executes an interactive application  110  and provides one or more user interface input and output devices  114  so that one or more users can interact with the interactive application  110 . In various embodiments, user interface input devices include, but are not limited to: buttons or keys; keyboards; keypads; game controllers; joysticks; computer mice; track balls; track buttons; touch pads; touchscreens; accelerometers; motion sensors; video input devices; microphones; and the like. In various embodiments, user interface output devices include, but are not limited to: audio output devices such as speakers, headphones, earbuds, and the like; visual output devices such as lights, video displays and the like; and tactile devices such as rumble pads, hepatic touchscreens, buttons, keys and the like. The interactive controller  102  provides for user interactions with the interactive application  110  by executing the interactive application  110  that generates an application user interface  112  that utilizes the user interface input devices to detect user interactions with the interactive controller  102  and generates an interactive user interface that is presented to the user utilizing the user interface output devices. 
     In some embodiments, one or more components an interactive controller are housed in an enclosure such as a housing, cabinet, casing or the like. The enclosure further includes one or more user accessible openings or surfaces that constructed to mount the user interface input devices and/or the user interface output devices. 
     The interactive controller  102  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, the process controller  104 . The interactive controller  102  receives application command and resource data  108  including competitive skill proposition data, application command data, and resource data, from the process controller  104 . Via the communication of the application command and resource data  108 , the process controller  104  can control the operation of the interactive controller  102  by communicating control parameters to the interactive application  110  during the interactive application&#39;s execution by the interactive controller  102 . 
     In some embodiments, during execution of the interactive application  110  by the interactive controller  102 , the interactive controller  102  communicates, as application telemetry data  106 , user interactions with one or more interactive elements of the application user interfaces  112  of the interactive application to the process controller  104 . the application telemetry data  106  may include, but is not limited to, application environment variables that indicate the state of the interactive application  110 , interactive controller data indicating a state of the interactive controller  102 , user actions and interactions between one or more users and the interactive application  110  provided by the interactive controller  102 , and utilization of interactive elements in the interactive application  110  by one or more users. 
     In some embodiments, the application telemetry  106  includes a skill outcome as determined by the interactive application  110  using skill outcome logic  116 , the application command and resource data  108 , and user interactions with one or more application user interfaces  112  of the interactive application. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application  110  is a skill-based interactive application. In such embodiments, execution of the skill-based interactive application  110  by the interactive controller  102  is based on one or more users&#39; skillful interaction with the interactive application  110 , such as, but not limited to, the users&#39; utilization of the interactive elements of the interactive application during the users&#39; skillful interaction with the skill-based interactive application. In such an embodiment, the process controller  104  communicates with the interactive controller  102  in order to allow the coupling of the skill-based interactive application to chance-based components determined in accordance with a chance-based proposition of the wagering subcontroller  136 . 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application  110  uses competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data included in the application commands and resources  108  to generate a competitive skill proposition presented to one or more users as one or more application user interfaces  112  using one or more output devices of user interface and output device(s)  114 . The one or more users skillfully interact with the one or more application user interfaces  112  using one or more of input devices of the user interface input and output devices  114 . The interactive application  110  determines a skill outcome based on the skillful interactions of the one or more users and communicates data of the determined skill outcome to the process controller  104  as part of the application telemetry  106 . In some embodiments, the interactive application  110  also communicates as part of the application telemetry data  106 , data encoding the one or more users&#39; interactions with the interactive application  110 . 
     In some embodiments, the skill outcome logic  116  and the competitive skill proposition data included in the application commands and resources  108  are for a competitive skill proposition for one or more users. The interactive application  110  determines skill outcomes based on the competitive skill proposition and the one or more users&#39; skillful interactions with the interactive application. The skill outcomes are communicated by the interactive controller  102  to the process controller  104  included in the application telemetry  106 . 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller  102  includes one or more sensors that sense various aspects of the physical environment of the interactive controller  102 . Examples of sensors include, but are not limited to: global positioning sensors (GPSs) for sensing communications from a GPS system to determine a position or location of the interactive controller; temperature sensors; accelerometers; pressure sensors; and the like. Sensor telemetry data is communicated by the interactive controller to the process controller  104  as part of the application telemetry data  106 . The process controller  104  receives the sensor telemetry data and uses the sensor telemetry data to make wagering decisions. 
     In many embodiments, the interactive controller  102  includes one or more wagering user interfaces  118  used to display wagering data, via one or more of the user interface input and output devices  114 , to one or more users. 
     In various embodiments, an application control interface  122  resident in the interactive controller  102  provides an interface between the interactive controller  102  and the process controller  104 . 
     In some embodiments, the application control interface  122  implements an interactive controller to process controller communication protocol employing an interprocess communication protocol so that the interactive controller and the process controller may be implemented on the same device. In operation, the application control interface  122  provides application programming interfaces that are used by the interactive application  110  of the interactive controller  102  to communicate outgoing data and receive incoming data by passing parameter data to another process or application. 
     In some embodiments, the application control interface  122  implements an interactive controller to process controller communication protocol employing an interdevice communication protocol so that the interactive controller and the process controller may be implemented on different devices. The interdevice protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. 
     In various embodiments, the application control interface  122  implements an interactive controller to process controller communication protocol employing a networking protocol so that the interactive controller and the process controller may be implemented on different devices connected by a network. The networking protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. In many such embodiments, the network includes a cellular telephone network or the like and the interactive controller is a mobile device such as a smartphone or other device capable of using the telephone network. During operation, the application control interface  122  communicates outgoing data to an external device by encoding the data into a signal and transmitting the signal to an external device. The application control interface receives incoming data from an external device by receiving a signal transmitted by the external device and decoding the signal to obtain the incoming data. 
     The process controller  104  provides an interface between a competitive skill proposition resolved for one or more users when skillfully interacting with the interactive application  110  provided by the interactive controller  102 , and a chance-based component, provided in-part by a wagering subcontroller  136 . 
     In various embodiments, the process controller  104  includes a wagering subcontroller  136  having a rule-based decision engine that receives application telemetry data  106  from the interactive controller  102 . The rule-based decision engine has wagering proposition logic  130  including competitive skill proposition logic  132  and chance-based component logic  134 . The decision engine uses the application telemetry data  106 , along with chance-based component logic  134 , and a random outcome generated by one or more random number generators (RNGs)  138  to generate a chance-based component of a competitive skill proposition. 
     In an embodiment, the application telemetry data  106  used by the decision engine encodes data about the operation of the interactive application  110  executed by the interactive controller  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the application telemetry data  106  encodes interactions of a user, such as a user&#39;s interaction with an interactive element of the interactive application  110 . 
     In many embodiments, the application telemetry data  106  includes a state of the interactive application  110 , such as values of variables that change as the interactive application  110  executes. 
     In several embodiments, the decision engine includes one or more rules as part of chance-based component logic  134  used by the decision engine  122  to determine how a chance-based component should generated. Each rule includes one or more variable values constituting a pattern that is to be matched by the wagering subcontroller  136  using the decision engine to one or more variable values encoded in the application telemetry data  106 . Each rule also includes one or more actions that are to be taken if the pattern is matched. Actions can include automatically generating the chance-based component in accordance with the chance-based component logic  134  and a random outcome generated by one or more random number generators  138 . During operation, the decision engine receives application telemetry data  106  from the interactive controller  102  via interface  160 . The decision engine performs a matching process of matching the variable values encoded in the application telemetry data  106  to one or more variable patterns of one or more rules. If a match between the variable values and a pattern of a rule is determined, then the wagering controller  104  performs the action of the matched rule. 
     In some embodiments, the wagering subcontroller  136  uses the chance-based component in conjunction with the application telemetry data  106  and competitive skill proposition logic  132 , to automatically generate application command and resource data  108  including competitive skill proposition data of a competitive skill proposition that the process controller  104  communicates to the interactive controller  102  via interfaces  124  and  122 . 
     In some embodiments, the decision engine includes one or more rules as part of competitive skill proposition logic  132  used by the decision engine to automatically generate the application command and resource data  108  that is then communicated to the interactive controller  102 . Each rule includes one or more variable values constituting a pattern that is to be matched to one or more variable values encoded in the application telemetry data  106  and the chance-based component. Each rule also includes one or more actions that are to be automatically taken by the wagering subcontroller  136  if the pattern is matched. Actions can include automatically generating competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  and using the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  to control the interactive controller  102  to affect execution of the interactive application  110  as described herein. In operation, wagering subcontroller  104  uses the decision engine  122  to match the variable values encoded in the in the chance-based component data to one or more patterns of one or more rules of the competitive skill proposition logic  132 . If a match between the variable values and a pattern of a rule is found, then the process controller automatically performs the action of the matched rule. In some embodiments, the process controller  104  uses the application telemetry data  106  received from the interactive controller  102  in conjunction with the chance-based component to generate the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108 . 
     The interactive controller receives the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and resource data  108  and automatically uses the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  to configure and command the processes of the interactive application  110 . 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application  110  operates utilizing a scripting language. The interactive application  110  parses scripts written in the scripting language and executes commands encoded in the scripts and sets variable values as defined in the scripts. In operation of such embodiments, the process controller  104  automatically generates competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  in the form of scripts written in the scripting language that are communicated to the interactive controller  102  during execution of the interactive application  110 . The interactive controller  102  receives the scripts and passes them to the interactive application  110 . The interactive application  110  receives the scripts, parses the scripts and automatically executes the commands and sets the variable values as encoded in the scripts. 
     In many embodiments, the interactive application  110  automatically performs processes as instructed by commands communicated from the process controller  104 . The commands command the interactive application  110  to perform specified operations such as executing specified commands and/or setting the values of variables utilized by the interactive application  110 . In operation of such embodiments, the process controller  104  automatically generates commands that are encoded into the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  that are communicated to the interactive controller  102 . The interactive controller  102  passes the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  to the interactive application  110 . The interactive application parses the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data and automatically performs operations in accordance with the commands encoded in the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108 . 
     In many embodiments, the process controller  104  includes a pseudo random or random result generator used to generate random results that are used by the decision engine to generate portions of the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108 . 
     In various embodiments, the process controller  104  includes one or more interfaces,  124 ,  126  and  128  that operatively connect the process controller  104  to one or more interactive controllers, such as interactive controller  102 , and to one or more credit processing controllers, such as credit processing controller  105 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the process controller interfaces implement a process controller to device or server communication protocol employing an interprocess communication protocol so that the process controller and one or more of an interactive controller, a wagering subcontroller, and/or a session subcontroller may be implemented on the same device. In operation, the process controller interfaces provide application programming interfaces or the like that are used by the process controller to communicate outgoing data and receive incoming data by passing parameter data to another process or application running on the same device. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the process controller interfaces implement a process controller communication protocol employing an interdevice communication protocol so that the process controller may be implemented on a device separate from the one or more interactive controllers, the one or more session subcontrollers and/or the one or more wagering subcontrollers. The interdevice protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. In various embodiments, one or more of the process controller interfaces implement a process controller communication protocol employing a networking protocol so that the process controller may be operatively connected to the one or more interactive controllers, the one or more session subcontrollers, and/or the one or more wagering subcontrollers by a network. The networking protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. In many such embodiments, the network includes a cellular telephone network or the like and the one or more interactive controllers include a mobile device such as a smartphone or other device capable of using the telephone network. During operation, the one or more process controller interfaces communicate outgoing data to an external device or server by encoding the data into a signal and transmitting the signal to the external device or server. The one or more process controller interfaces receive incoming data from an external device or server by receiving a signal transmitted by the external device or server and decoding the signal to obtain the incoming data. 
     In several embodiments, the wagering subcontroller  136  is a controller for providing one or more wagers in accordance with one or more competitive skill propositions provided by the skill competition wagering system  100 . Types of value of a wager can be one or more of several different types. Types of value of a wager can include, but are not limited to, a wager of an amount of credits corresponding to a real currency or a virtual currency, a wager of an amount of application credits earned through interaction with an interactive application, a wager of an amount of interactive elements of an interactive application, and a wager of an amount of objects used in an interactive application. A skill outcome determined for a wager in accordance with a competitive skill proposition can increase or decrease an amount of the type of value used in the wager, such as, but not limited to, increasing or decreasing an amount of credits for a wager of credits. In various embodiments, a skill outcome determined for a wager in accordance with a competitive skill proposition can increase or decrease an amount of a type of value that is different than a type of value of the wager, such as, but not limited to, increasing an amount of an object of an interactive application for a wager of credits. 
     In many embodiments, the process controller  104  includes one or more random number generators (RNGs)  138  for generating random outcomes. The wagering subcontroller uses the one or more random outcomes along with the chance-based component logic  130  to generate a chance-based component of a competitive skill proposition. 
     In several embodiments, the process controller  104  includes a metering subcontroller  140  operatively connected to the credit processing controller  105  via interfaces  126  and  128 . The metering subcontroller  140  communicates with the credit processing controller  105  to receive incoming credit data from the credit processing controller  105 . The metering subcontroller  140  uses the incoming credit data to transfer credits into the skill competition wagering system and onto one or more credit meters  142 . The metering subcontroller  140  communicates outgoing credit data to the credit processing controller  105  to transfer credits off of the one or more credit meters  142  and out of the skill competition wagering system. 
     In several embodiments, during operation, the metering subcontroller  140  communicates with the credit processing controller  105  to receive incoming credit data from the credit processing controller  105  and adds credits onto the one or more credit meters  110  at least partially on the basis of the incoming credit data. The one or more random number generators  138  execute processes that generate random results. The wagering subcontroller  136  uses the change-based component logic  134  and the random results to generate a chance-based component of a competitive skill proposition. The wagering subcontroller uses the chance-based component along with the competitive skill proposition logic  132  to generate a competitive skill proposition. The competitive skill proposition is communicated by the process controller as part of the application command and resource data  108  to the interactive controller  102 . The interactive application  110  uses the competitive skill proposition data along with the skill outcome logic  116  to generate a presentation for the use including the one or more user interfaces  112 . One or more users interact with the one or more application user interfaces  112  through the one or more user interface input and output devices  114 . The interactive application  110  determines a skill outcome based on the interactions of the one or more users and communicates data of the skill outcome as part of the application telemetry data  106  to the process controller  104 . The wagering sub controller  136  receives the skill outcome data and instructs the metering subcontroller  140  to add credits to, or deduct credits from, the one or more credit meters  110  based in part on the skill outcome data. For example, in some embodiments, the metering subcontroller is instructed to add an amount of credits to a credit meter of the one or more credit meters  110  when the skill outcome indicates a win for a user associated with the credit meter. In various embodiments, the metering subcontroller is instructed to deduct an amount of credits from the credit meter when the skill outcome indicates a loss for the user. At an end of a wagering session, the metering subcontroller  140  transfers credits off of the one or more credit meters  110  and out of the skill competition wagering system by communicating outgoing credit data to the credit processing controller  105 . 
     In many embodiments, the one or more random number generators  138  generate random numbers by continuously generating pseudo random numbers using a pseudo random number generator. A most current pseudo random number is stored in a buffer thus constantly refreshing the buffer. In many embodiments, the buffer is refreshed at a rate exceeding 100 times per second. When the wagering subcontroller  136  requests a random result, the wagering subcontroller  136  receives the stored most current pseudo random number from the buffer. As timing between requests for a random result is not deterministic, the resulting output from the buffer is a random result such as a random number. 
     In some embodiments, a range of the value of a random number is mapped to one or more symbols representing one or more elements of a traditional chance-based proposition. In several such embodiments, a random number is mapped to a virtual card of a deck of virtual cards. In another such embodiment, the random number is mapped to a virtual face of a virtual die. In yet another such embodiment, the random number is mapped to symbol of a virtual reel strip on a virtual reel slot machine. In yet another such embodiment, the random number is mapped to a pocket of a virtual roulette wheel. In some embodiments, two or more random numbers are mapped to appropriate symbols to represent a completed chance-based proposition. In one such embodiment, two or more random numbers are mapped to faces of two or more virtual dice to simulate a random result generated by throwing two or more dice. In another such embodiment, multiple random numbers are mapped to virtual cards from a virtual deck of cards without replacement. In yet another such embodiment, two or more random numbers are mapped to two or more virtual reel strips to create stop positions for a virtual multi-reel slot machine. 
     In some embodiments, a wagering subcontroller determines a chance-based component and a competitive skill proposition by executing proposition determination commands included in chance-based component logic and competitive skill proposition logic that define processes of a wagering proposition where the proposition determination commands are formatted in a scripting language. In operation, a decision engine of a process controller generates the proposition determination commands in the form of a script written in the scripting language. The script includes the proposition determination commands that describe how the wagering subcontroller is to generate a competitive skill proposition. The wagering subcontroller parses the script encoded in the chance proposition determination command data and executes the commands included in the script to generate the competitive skill proposition. 
     In some embodiments, a wagering subcontroller determines a chance-based component and a competitive skill proposition by executing proposition determination commands that define processes of the wagering user interface. In operation, a decision engine of a process controller generates the proposition determination commands. The wagering subcontroller receives the proposition determination commands and executes the proposition determination commands to generate the competitive skill proposition. 
     In various embodiments, the process controller  104  uses a rule-based decision engine to automatically determine an amount of application credits to award to a user based at least in part on the application telemetry data  106  including skill outcome data and user interaction data with the interactive application  110  of the skill competition wagering system. In numerous embodiments, the interactive application  110  is a skill-based interactive application and the application credits are awarded for a user&#39;s skillful interaction with the interactive application  110 . 
     In some embodiments, the wagering subcontroller  136  uses a wagering user interface generator  148  to automatically generate wagering telemetry data  150  on the basis of amounts of credits on the one or more credit meters  142 . The wagering telemetry data  150  is used by the process controller  104  to command the interactive controller  102  to automatically generate one or more wagering user interfaces  152  describing a state of wagered credit accumulation and loss for the skill competition wagering system. When a user interacts with the one or more wagering user interfaces  152 , wagering user interface telemetry data  150  is generated by the one or more wagering user interfaces  152  and communicated by the interactive controller  102  to the process controller  104  using interfaces  122  and  124 . 
     In some embodiments, the wagering telemetry data  150  may include, but is not limited to, amounts of application credits and interactive elements earned, lost or accumulated through interaction with the interactive application  110 , and credits, application credits and interactive elements amounts won, lost or accumulated. 
     In some embodiments, the competitive skill proposition data, interactive application command data, and/or resource data  108  are communicated to the wagering user interface generator  148  and used as a partial basis for generation of the wagering telemetry data  150  communicated to the interactive controller  102 . 
     In various embodiments, the wagering user interface generator  148  also receives chance-based component data that is used as a partial basis for generation of the wagering telemetry data  150  communicated to the interactive controller  102 . In some embodiments, the chance-based component data also includes data about one or more states of a wager of the competitive skill proposition as generated by the wagering subcontroller  136 . In various such embodiments, the wagering user interface generator  148  generates a chance-based component generation process display and/or chance-based component state display using the one or more states of the chance-based component. The chance-based component generation process display and/or chance-based component state display is included in the wagering telemetry data  150  that is communicated to the interactive controller  102 . The wagering process display and/or wagering state display is automatically displayed by the interactive controller  102  using the one or more wagering user interfaces  152 . In other such embodiments, the one or more states of the chance-based component are communicated to the interactive controller  102  and the interactive controller  102  is instructed to automatically generate the chance-based component generation process display and/or chance-based component state display of the one or more wagering user interfaces  152  using the one or more states of the chance-based component for display. 
     In some embodiments, the chance-based component includes state data about execution of a chance-based proposition of the chance-based component logic  134 , including but not limited to a final state, intermediate state and/or beginning state of the chance-based proposition. For example, in a chance-based proposition that is based on slot machine math, the final state of the chance-based proposition may be reel positions, in a chance-based proposition that is based on roulette wheel math, the final state may be a pocket where a ball may have come to rest, in a chance-based proposition that is a based on card math, the beginning, intermediate and final states may represent a sequence of cards being drawn from a deck of cards, etc. 
     In some embodiments, an interactive controller generates a wagering user interface by executing commands that define processes of the wagering user interface where the commands are formatted in a scripting language. In operation, a wagering user interface generator of a process controller generates commands in the form of a script written in the scripting language. The script includes commands that describe how the interactive controller is to display wagering outcome data. The completed script is encoded as wagering telemetry data and communicated to the interactive controller by the process controller. The interactive controller receives the wagering telemetry data and parses the script encoded in the wagering telemetry data and executes the commands included in the script to generate the wagering user interface. 
     In many embodiments, an interactive controller generates a wagering user interface based on a document written in a document markup language that includes commands that define processes of the wagering user interface. In operation, a wagering user interface generator of a process controller generates a document composed in the document markup language. The document includes commands that describe how the interactive controller is to display wagering outcome data. The completed document is encoded as wagering telemetry data and communicated to the interactive controller by the process controller. The interactive controller receives the wagering telemetry data and parses the document encoded in the wagering telemetry data and executes the commands encoded into the document to generate the wagering user interface. 
     In some embodiments, an interactive controller generates a wagering user interface by executing commands that define processes of the wagering user interface. In operation, a wagering user interface generator of a process controller generates the commands and encodes the commands into wagering telemetry data that is communicated to the interactive controller by the process controller. The interactive controller receives the wagering telemetry data and executes the commands encoded in the wagering telemetry data to generate the wagering user interface. 
     In various embodiments, an interactive controller includes a data store of graphic and audio display resources that the interactive controller uses to generate a wagering user interface as described herein. 
     In many embodiments, a process controller communicates graphic and audio display resources as part of wagering telemetry data to an interactive controller. The interactive controller uses the graphic and audio display resources to generate a wagering user interface as described herein. 
     In many embodiments, the process controller  104  may additionally include various audit logs and activity meters. 
     The process controller  104  can further operatively connect to a metering subcontroller to determine an amount of credit or interactive elements available and other wagering metrics of a wagering proposition. Thus, the process controller  104  may potentially affect an amount of credits in play for participation in the wagering events of the wagering proposition provided by the wagering subcontroller. In some embodiments, the process controller  104  can also couple to a centralized server for exchanging various data related to users and the activities of the users during utilization of a skill competition wagering system. 
     In a number of embodiments, communication of chance-based component determination commands and competitive skill proposition commands between the wagering subcontroller  136  and the process controller  104  can further be used to communicate various wagering control factors that the wagering subcontroller uses as input. Examples of wagering control factors include, but are not limited to, an amount of credits, amount of application credits, amount of interactive elements, or amounts of objects consumed wager, and/or a user&#39;s election to enter a jackpot round. 
     In many embodiments, two or more users can be engaged in using the interactive application  110  executed by the interactive controller  102 . In various embodiments, a skill competition wagering system can include an interactive application  110  that provides a skill-based interactive application that includes head-to-head play between a single user and a computing device, between two or more users against one another, or multiple users playing against a computer device and/or each other. In some embodiments, the interactive application  110  can be a skill-based interactive application where the user is not skillfully playing against the computer or any other user such as skill-based interactive applications where the user is effectively skillfully playing against himself or herself. 
     In some embodiments, the process controller  104  utilizes the one or more wagering user interfaces  152  to communicate certain interactive application data to the user, including but not limited to, club points, user status, control of the selection of choices, and messages which a user can find useful in order to adjust the interactive application experience or understand the wagering status of the user. 
     In some embodiments, the process controller  104  utilizes the one or more wagering user interfaces  152  to communicate aspects of a wagering proposition to a user including, but not limited to, amount of credits, application credits, interactive elements, or objects in play, and amounts of credits, application credits, interactive elements, or objects available. 
     In a number of embodiments, the wagering subcontroller  136  can accept wagering proposition factors including, but not limited to, modifications in the amount of credits, application credits, interactive elements, or objects wagered on each individual wagering event, entrance into a bonus round, and other factors. In several embodiments, the process controller  104  can communicate a number of factors back and forth to the wagering subcontroller, such that an increase/decrease in a wagered amount can be related to the change in user profile of the user in the interactive application. In this manner, a user can control a wager amount per wagering event in accordance with the wagering proposition with the change mapping to a parameter or component that is applicable to the interactive application experience. 
     In some embodiments, the process controller  104  includes a session subcontroller  154  is used to regulate a skill competition wagering system session. 
     In various embodiments, the session subcontroller  154  includes one or more session subcontroller interfaces that operatively connect the session subcontroller  154  to one or more wagering subcontrollers, metering subcontrollers and pooled bet subcontrollers through their respective interfaces. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the session subcontroller interfaces implement a session subcontroller to device or server communication protocol employing an interprocess communication protocol so that the session subcontroller and one or more of an interactive controller, a wagering subcontroller, and/or a process controller may be implemented on the same device. In operation, the session subcontroller interfaces provide application programming interfaces or the like that are used by the session subcontroller to communicate outgoing data and receive incoming data by passing parameter data to another process or application running on the same device. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the session subcontroller interfaces implement a session subcontroller communication protocol employing an interdevice communication protocol so that the session subcontroller may be implemented on a device separate from the one or more interactive controllers, the one or more process controllers and/or the one or more wagering subcontrollers. The interdevice protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. In various embodiments, one or more of the session subcontroller interfaces implement a session subcontroller communication protocol employing a networking protocol so that the process session subcontroller may be operatively connected to the one or more interactive controllers, the one or more process controllers, and/or the one or more wagering subcontrollers by a network. The networking protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. In many such embodiments, the network includes a cellular telephone network or the like and the one or more interactive controllers include a mobile device such as a smartphone or other device capable of using the telephone network. During operation, the one or more session subcontroller interfaces communicate outgoing data to an external device or server by encoding the data into a signal and transmitting the signal to the external device or server. The one or more session subcontroller interfaces receive incoming data from an external device or server by receiving a signal transmitted by the external device or server and decoding the signal to obtain the incoming data. 
     In various embodiments, components of the process controller  104  communicate session data to the session subcontroller. The session data may include, but is not limited to, user data, interactive controller data, pooled bet and side bet data, process controller data and wagering subcontroller data used by the session subcontroller to regulate a skill competition wagering system session. 
     In some embodiments, the session subcontroller  154  may also assert control of a skill competition wagering system session by communicating session control data to components of the process controller  104 . Such control may include, but is not limited to, commanding the process controller  104  to end a skill competition wagering system session, initiating wagering in a skill competition wagering system session, ending wagering in a skill competition wagering system session but not ending a user&#39;s use of the interactive application portion of the skill competition wagering system, and changing from real credit wagering in a skill competition wagering system to virtual credit wagering, or vice versa. 
     In many embodiments, the session subcontroller  154  manages user profiles for a plurality of users. The session subcontroller  154  stores and manages data about users in order to provide authentication and authorization of users of the skill competition wagering system  100 . In some embodiments, the session subcontroller  154  also manages geolocation information to ensure that the skill competition wagering system  100  is only used by users in jurisdictions were wagering is approved. In various embodiments, the session subcontroller  154  stores application credits that are associated with the user&#39;s use of the interactive application of the skill competition wagering system  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the session subcontroller  154  communicates user and session management data to the user using a management user interface (not shown) of the interactive controller. The user interacts with the management user interface and the management user interface generates management telemetry data that is communicated to the session subcontroller  154  via interfaces  122  and  124 . 
     In some embodiments, the wagering subcontroller  136  communicates wagering session data to the session subcontroller  154 . In various embodiments, the session subcontroller communicates wagering session control data to the wagering subcontroller  136 . 
     In some embodiments, a process controller operates as an interface between an interactive controller and a wagering subcontroller. By virtue of this construction, the wagering subcontroller is isolated from the interactive controller allowing the interactive controller to operate in an unregulated environment while allowing the wagering subcontroller to operate in a regulated environment. 
     In some embodiments, a single wagering subcontroller may provide services to two or more interactive controllers and/or two or more process controllers, thus allowing a skill competition wagering system to operate over a large range of scaling. 
     In various embodiments, multiple types of interactive controllers using different operating systems may be interfaced to a single type of process controller and/or wagering subcontroller without requiring customization of the process controller and/or the wagering subcontroller. 
     In many embodiments, an interactive controller may be provided as a user device under control of a user while maintaining the wagering subcontroller in an environment under the control of a regulated operator of wagering equipment. 
     In several embodiments, data communicated between the controllers may be encrypted to increase security of the skill competition wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, a process controller isolates chance-based component logic and competitive skill proposition logic as unregulated logic from a regulated wagering subcontroller, thus allowing errors in the competitive skill proposition logic and/or chance-based component logic to be corrected, new competitive skill proposition logic and/or chance-based component logic to be used, or modifications to be made to the competitive skill proposition logic and/or chance-based component logic without a need for regulatory approval. 
     In various embodiments, an interactive application may require extensive processing resources from an interactive controller leaving few processing resources for the functions performed by a process controller and/or a wagering subcontroller. By virtue of the architecture described herein, processing loads may be distributed across multiple devices such that operations of the interactive controller may be dedicated to the interactive application and the processes of the process controller and/or wagering subcontroller are not burdened by the requirements of the interactive application. 
     In many embodiments, a skill competition wagering system operates with its components being distributed across multiple devices. These devices can be connected by communication channels including, but not limited to, local area networks, wide area networks, local communication buses, and/or the like. The devices may communicate using various types of protocols, including but not limited to, networking protocols, device-to-device communications protocols, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, one or more components of a skill competition wagering system are distributed in close proximity to each other and communicate using a local area network and/or a communication bus. In several embodiments, an interactive controller and a process controller of a skill competition wagering system are in a common location and communicate with an external wagering subcontroller. In some embodiments, a process controller and a wagering subcontroller of a skill competition wagering system are in a common location and communicate with an external interactive controller. In many embodiments, an interactive controller, a process controller, and a wagering subcontroller of a skill competition wagering system are located in a common location. In some embodiments, a session subcontroller is located in a common location with a process controller and/or a wagering subcontroller. 
     In various embodiments, these multiple devices can be constructed from or configured using a single device or a plurality of devices such that a skill competition wagering system is executed as a system in a virtualized space such as, but not limited to, where a wagering subcontroller and a process controller are large scale centralized servers in the cloud operatively connected to widely distributed interactive controllers via a wide area network such as the Internet or a local area network. In such embodiments, the components of a skill competition wagering system may communicate using a networking protocol or other type of device-to-device communications protocol. 
     In some embodiments, a skill competition wagering system is deployed over a local area network or a wide area network in an interactive configuration. An interactive configuration of a skill competition wagering system includes an interactive controller operatively connected by a network to a process controller and a wagering subcontroller. 
     In some embodiments, a skill competition wagering system is deployed over a local area network or a wide area network in a mobile configuration. A mobile configuration of a skill competition wagering system is useful for deployment over wireless communication network, such as a wireless local area network or a wireless telecommunications network. A mobile configuration of a skill competition wagering system includes an interactive controller operatively connected by a wireless network to a process controller and a wagering subcontroller. 
     In several embodiments, a centralized process controller is operatively connected to one or more interactive controllers and one or more wagering subcontrollers using a communication link. The centralized process controller can perform the functionality of a process controller across various skill competition wagering systems. 
     In numerous embodiments, an interactive application server provides a host for managing head-to-head play operating over a network of interactive controllers connected to the interactive application server using a communication link. The interactive application server provides an environment where users can compete directly with one another and interact with other users. 
     In many embodiments, the credit processing controller  105  operatively connects to one or more credit input devices for generating incoming credit data from a credit input. Credit inputs can include, but are not limited to, credit items used to transfer credits. The incoming credit data are communicated by the credit processing controller  105  to the metering subcontroller  140 . In various embodiments, the one or more credit input devices and their corresponding credit items include, but are not limited to: card readers for reading cards having magnetic stripes, RFID chips, smart chips, and the like; scanners for reading various types of printed indicia printed on to various types of media such as vouchers, coupons, TITO tickets, rewritable cards, or the like; and bill validator and/or coin validators that receive and validate paper and/or coin currency or tokens. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  105  includes one or more credit output devices  146  for generating a credit output based on outgoing credit data  192  communicated from the wagering subcontroller. Credit outputs can include, but are not limited to, credit items used to transfer credits. Types of credit output devices and their corresponding credit items may include, but are not limited to: writing devices that are used to write to cards having magnetic stripes, smart chips or the like; printers for printing various types of printed indicia onto vouchers, coupons, TITO tickets, vouchers, rewritable cards or the like; and bill and/or coin dispensers that output paper and/or coin currency or tokens. 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing controller  105  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, a TITO system or the like to determine incoming credit data representing amounts of credits to be transferred into the skill competition wagering system and to determine outgoing credit data representing amounts of credits to be transferred out of the skill competition wagering system. In operation, the credit processing controller  105  communicates with a connected credit input device, such as a bill validator/ticket scanner, used to scan a credit input in the form of a TITO ticket having indicia of credit account data of a credit account of the TITO system. The credit processing controller  105  communicates the credit account data to the TITO system. The TITO system uses the credit account data to determine an amount of credits to transfer to the credit processing controller  105 , and thus to the metering subcontroller  140  of the process controller  104 . The TITO system communicates the amount of credits to the credit processing controller  105 . The credit processing controller  105  communicates the amount of credits as incoming credit data to the metering subcontroller  140  and the metering subcontroller  140  credits one or more credit meters  142  with the amount of credits so that the credits can be used when a user makes wagers using the skill competition wagering system  100 . 
     In many embodiments, the credit processing controller  105  is operatively connected to a bill validator/ticket scanner as one of the one or more credit input devices  144 . The credit processing controller  105  communicates with the bill validator/ticket scanner to scan currency used as a credit input to determine an amount of credits as incoming credit data to transfer credit to one or more credit meters  110  associated with one or more users. The skill metering subcontroller  140  credits the one or more credit meters  110  with the amount of credits so that the credits can be used when a user makes wagers using the skill competition wagering system  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing controller  105  can use a TITO system along with a ticket or voucher printer as one of the one or more credit output devices  146  to generate a TITO ticket as a credit output for a user. In operation, the credit processing controller  105  communicates, as outgoing credit data, data of an amount of credits to be credited to a credit account on the TITO system. The TITO system receives the amount of credits and creates the credit account and credits the credit account with the amount of credits. The TITO system generates credit account data for the credit account and communicates the credit account data to the credit processing controller  105 . The credit processing controller  105  uses the ticket or voucher printer to print indicia of the credit account data onto a TITO ticket or voucher as a credit output. 
     In various embodiments, a credit processing interface  156  resident in the credit processing controller  105  provides an interface between the credit processing controller  156  and the process controller  104 . 
     In some embodiments, the application control interface  122  implements a credit processing controller to process controller communication protocol employing an interprocess communication protocol so that the interactive controller  104  and the credit processing controller  105  may be implemented on the same device. In operation, the credit processing interface  156  provides application programming interfaces that are used by the credit processing controller  105  to communicate outgoing data and receive incoming data by passing parameter data to another process or application. 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing interface  156  implements an interactive controller to credit processing controller communication protocol employing an interdevice communication protocol so that the interactive controller and the credit processing controller may be implemented on different devices. The interdevice protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing interface  156  implements an interactive controller to credit processing controller communication protocol employing a networking protocol so that the interactive controller  104  and the credit processing controller  105  may be implemented on different devices connected by a network. The networking protocol may utilize a wired communication bus or wireless connection as a physical layer. During operation, the credit processing interface  156  communicates outgoing data to an external device by encoding the data into a signal and transmitting the signal to an external device. The application control interface receives incoming data from an external device by receiving a signal transmitted by the external device and decoding the signal to obtain the incoming data. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  105  provides an interface to an electronic payment management system (not shown) such as an electronic wallet or the like. The electronic payment system provides credit account data that is used for generating incoming credit data as a credit input and outgoing credit data as a credit output. 
       FIG. 2A  is a diagram of an electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Electronic gaming machine configurations of a skill competition wagering system include, but are not limited to, electronic gaming machines such as slot machines, table games, video arcade consoles and the like. An electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system  200  includes an interactive controller  202 , a process controller  204  and a credit processing controller  206  contained in an enclosure such as a housing, cabinet, casing or the like. The enclosure may further include one or more user accessible openings or surfaces that may be used to mount one or more user accessible user input devices and user output devices  208 , one or more user accessible credit input devices  210  and one or more credit output devices  212 . The interactive controller  202  communicates with the user input devices to detect user interactions with the skill competition wagering system and commands and controls the user output devices to provide a user interface to one or more users of the skill competition wagering system as described herein. The process controller  204  communicates with the credit processing controller  206  or user credit processing devices  210  and  212  to transfer credits into and out of the skill competition wagering system as described herein. 
     In many embodiments, the process controller  204  is operatively connected to an external session subcontroller (not shown). The session subcontroller may provide session control for a wagering session or may provide services for management of a player account for the storage of player points, application credits and the like. 
     In various embodiments, the process controller  204  is operatively connected to the credit processing controller  206 . In many embodiments, the credit processing controller  206  is operatively connected to one or more credit input devices  210  for generating incoming credit data from a credit input as described herein. The incoming credit data are communicated to the process controller  204 . In various embodiments, the one or more credit input devices and their corresponding credit items include, but are not limited to: card readers for reading cards having magnetic stripes, RFID chips, smart chips, and the like; scanners for reading various types of printed indicia printed on to various types of media such as vouchers, coupons, TITO tickets, rewritable cards, or the like; and bill validators and/or coin validators that receive and validate paper and/or coin currency or tokens. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  206  is operatively connected to the one or more credit output devices  212  for generating a credit output based on outgoing credit data communicated from the process controller  204 . Credit outputs can include, but are not limited to, credit items used to transfer credits. Types of credit output devices and their corresponding credit items may include, but are not limited to: writing devices that are used to write to cards having magnetic stripes, smart chips or the like; printers for printing various types of printed indicia onto vouchers, coupons, TITO tickets, vouchers, rewritable cards or the like; and bill and/or coin dispensers that output paper and/or coin currency or tokens. 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing controller  206  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, a TITO system  214  or the like to determine incoming credit data representing amounts of credits to be transferred into the skill competition wagering system  200  and to determine outgoing credit data representing amounts of credits to be transferred out of the skill competition wagering system  200 . In operation, the credit processing controller  206  communicates with one of the one or more connected credit input devices  210 , such as a bill validator/ticket scanner, used to scan a credit input in the form of a TITO ticket having indicia of credit account data of a credit account of the TITO system  214 . The credit processing controller  206  communicates the credit account data to the TITO system  214 . The TITO system  214  uses the credit account data to determine an amount of credits to transfer to the credit processing controller  206  of the skill competition wagering system  200 . The TITO system  214  communicates the amount of credits to the credit processing controller  206 . The credit processing controller  206  communicates the amount of credits as incoming credit data to the process controller  204  which credits one or more credit meters with the amount of credits so that the credits can be used when a user makes wagers using the skill competition wagering system  200 . 
     In many embodiments, the credit processing controller  206  includes a bill validator/ticket scanner as one of the one or more credit input devices  210 . The credit processing controller  206  communicates with the bill validator/ticket scanner to scan currency used as a credit input to determine an amount of credits as incoming credit data to transfer credit to one or more credit meters associated with one or more users. The process controller  204  credits the one or more credit meters with the amount of credits so that the credits can be used when a user makes wagers using the skill competition wagering system  200 . 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing controller  206  can use the TITO system  214  along with a ticket or voucher printer as one of the one or more credit output devices  212  to generate a TITO ticket as a credit output for a user. In operation, the credit processing controller  206  communicates, as outgoing credit data, data of an amount of credits to be credited to a credit account on the TITO system  214 . The TITO system  214  receives the amount of credits and creates the credit account and credits the credit account with the amount of credits. The TITO system  214  generates credit account data for the credit account and communicates the credit account data to the credit processing controller  206 . The credit processing controller  206  uses the ticket or voucher printer to print indicia of the credit account data onto a TITO ticket as a credit output. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  206  provides an interface to an electronic payment system  216  such an electronic wallet or the like. The electronic payment system  216  provides credit account data that is used for generating incoming credit data as a credit input and outgoing credit data as a credit output. 
     In some embodiments, the process controller  204  is operatively connected to a central determination controller (not shown). In operation, when a wagering subcontroller of the process controller  204  needs to determine a random result, the wagering subcontroller communicates a request to the central determination controller for the random result. The central determination controller receives the random result request and generates a random result in response to the random result request. The central determination controller communicates data of the random result to the process controller  204 . The processing controller  204  receives the data of the random result and utilizes the random result as described herein. In some embodiments, the random result is drawn from a pool of pre-determined random results. 
     In various embodiments, the wagering process controller  204  may be operatively connected to a progressive controller along (not shown) with one or more other process controllers of one or more other skill competition wagering systems. The progressive controller provides services for the collection and provision of credits used by the process controller  204  to provide random results that have a progressive or pooling component. 
       FIG. 2B  is a diagram of multiuser electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Types of a multiuser electronic gaming machine configuration a skill competition wagering system include, but are not limited to, multiuser electronic gaming machines, multiuser slot machines, multiuser table gaming devices, multi user video arcade consoles and the like. A multiuser electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system  220  includes an interactive controller  222 , a process controller  224  and a credit processing controller  226  contained in an enclosure such as a housing, cabinet, casing or the like. The enclosure may further include one or more user accessible openings or surfaces that may be used to mount one or more user accessible user input devices and user output devices  228 , one or more user accessible credit input devices  230  and one or more user accessible credit output devices  212 . 
     In some embodiments, two or more sets of credit input devices and credit output devices are provided so that each user of the multiuser electronic gaming machine configuration of a skill competition wagering system  220  can have an associated set of credit input devices and credit output devices. 
     The interactive controller  222  communicates with the user input devices to detect user interactions with the skill competition wagering system and commands and controls the user output devices to provide a user interface to one or more users of the skill competition wagering system as described herein. The process controller  224  communicates with the credit processing controller  226  or user credit processing devices  230  and  232  to transfer credits into and out of the skill competition wagering system as described herein. 
     In many embodiments, the process controller  224  is operatively connected to an external session subcontroller (not shown). The session subcontroller may provide session control for a wagering session or may provide services for management of a player account for the storage of player points, application credits and the like. 
     In various embodiments, the process controller  224  is operatively connected to the credit processing controller  226 . In many embodiments, the credit processing controller  226  is operatively connected to one or more credit input devices  230  for generating incoming credit data from a credit input as described herein. The incoming credit data are communicated to the process controller  224 . In various embodiments, the one or more credit input devices and their corresponding credit items include, but are not limited to: card readers for reading cards having magnetic stripes, RFID chips, smart chips, and the like; scanners for reading various types of printed indicia printed on to various types of media such as vouchers, coupons, TITO tickets, rewritable cards, or the like; and bill validators and/or coin validators that receive and validate paper and/or coin currency or tokens. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  226  is operatively connected to the one or more credit output devices  232  for generating a credit output based on outgoing credit data communicated from the process controller  224 . Credit outputs can include, but are not limited to, credit items used to transfer credits. Types of credit output devices and their corresponding credit items may include, but are not limited to: writing devices that are used to write to cards having magnetic stripes, smart chips or the like; printers for printing various types of printed indicia onto vouchers, coupons, TITO tickets, vouchers, rewritable cards or the like; and bill and/or coin dispensers that output paper and/or coin currency or tokens. 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing controller  226  is operatively connected to, and communicates with, a TITO system  234  or the like to determine incoming credit data representing amounts of credits to be transferred into the skill competition wagering system  220  and to determine outgoing credit data representing amounts of credits to be transferred out of the skill competition wagering system  220 . In operation, the credit processing controller  226  communicates with one of the one or more connected credit input devices  230 , such as a bill validator/ticket scanner, used to scan a credit input in the form of a TITO ticket having indicia of credit account data of a credit account of the TITO system  234 . The credit processing controller  226  communicates the credit account data to the TITO system  234 . The TITO system  234  uses the credit account data to determine an amount of credits to transfer to the credit processing controller  226  of the skill competition wagering system  220 . The TITO system  234  communicates the amount of credits to the credit processing controller  226 . The credit processing controller  226  communicates the amount of credits as incoming credit data to the process controller  224  which credits one or more credit meters with the amount of credits so that the credits can be used when a user makes wagers using the skill competition wagering system  220 . 
     In many embodiments, the credit processing controller  226  includes a bill validator/ticket scanner as one of the one or more credit input devices  230 . The credit processing controller  226  communicates with the bill validator/ticket scanner to scan currency used as a credit input to determine an amount of credits as incoming credit data to transfer credit to one or more credit meters associated with one or more users. The process controller  224  credits the one or more credit meters with the amount of credits so that the credits can be used when a user makes wagers using the skill competition wagering system  220 . 
     In some embodiments, the credit processing controller  226  can use the TITO system  234  along with a ticket or voucher printer as one of the one or more credit output devices  232  to generate a TITO ticket as a credit output for a user. In operation, the credit processing controller  226  communicates, as outgoing credit data, data of an amount of credits to be credited to a credit account on the TITO system  234 . The TITO system  234  receives the amount of credits and creates the credit account and credits the credit account with the amount of credits. The TITO system  234  generates credit account data for the credit account and communicates the credit account data to the credit processing controller  226 . The credit processing controller  226  uses the ticket or voucher printer to print indicia of the credit account data onto a TITO ticket as a credit output. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  226  provides an interface to an electronic payment system  236  such an electronic wallet or the like. The electronic payment system  236  provides credit account data that is used for generating incoming credit data as a credit input and outgoing credit data as a credit output. 
     In some embodiments, the process controller  224  is operatively connected to a central determination controller (not shown). In operation, when a wagering subcontroller of the process controller  224  needs to determine a random result, the wagering subcontroller communicates a request to the central determination controller for the random result. The central determination controller receives the random result request and generates a random result in response to the random result request. The central determination controller communicates data of the random result to the process controller  224 . The processing controller  224  receives the data of the random result and utilizes the random result as described herein. In some embodiments, the random result is drawn from a pool of pre-determined random results. 
     In various embodiments, the wagering process controller  224  may be operatively connected to a progressive controller along (not shown) with one or more other process controllers of one or more other skill competition wagering systems. The progressive controller provides services for the collection and provision of credits used by the process controller  224  to provide random results that have a progressive or pooling component. 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram of distributed skill competition wagering systems in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An interactive controller, such as interactive controller  102  of  FIG. 1 , may be constructed from or configured using one or more processing devices that perform the operations of the interactive controller. An interactive controller in a distributed skill competition wagering system may be constructed from or configured using any processing device having sufficient processing and communication capabilities that may be that perform the processes of an interactive controller in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, the construction or configuration of the interactive controller may be achieved through the use of an application control interface, such as application control interface  122  of  FIG. 1 , and/or through the use of an interactive application, such as interactive application  110  of  FIG. 1 . 
     In some embodiments, an interactive controller may be constructed from or configured using an electronic gaming machine  315 , such as a slot machine or the like. The electronic gaming machine  315  may be physically located in various types of gaming establishments. 
     In many embodiments, an interactive controller may be constructed from or configured using a portable device  310 . The portable device  310  is a device that may wirelessly connect to a network. Examples of portable devices include, but are not limited to, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, and a smartphone. 
     In some embodiments, an interactive controller may be constructed from or configured using a gaming console  312 . 
     In various embodiments, an interactive controller may be constructed from or configured using a personal computer  314 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more processing devices, such as devices  310 ,  312 ,  314  and  315 , may be used to construct a complete skill competition wagering system and may be operatively connected using a communication link to a session and/or management controller. 
     Some skill competition wagering systems in accordance with many embodiments of the invention can be distributed across a plurality of devices in various configurations. One or more interactive controllers of a distributed skill competition wagering system, such as but not limited to, a mobile or wireless device  310 , a gaming console  312 , a personal computer  314 , and an electronic gaming machine  315 , are operatively connected with a process controller  318  of a distributed skill competition wagering system using a communication link  320 . Communication link  320  is a communications link that allows processing systems to communicate with each other and to share data. Embodiments of a communication link include, but are not limited to: a wired or wireless interdevice communication link; a serial or parallel interdevice communication bus; a wired or wireless network such as a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the link; or a wired or wireless communication network such as a wireless telecommunications network or plain old telephone system (POTS). In some embodiments, one or more processes of an interactive controller and a process controller as described herein are executed on the individual interactive controllers  310 ,  312 ,  314  and  315  while one or more processes of a process controller as described herein can be executed by the process controller  318 . 
     In many embodiments, a distributed skill competition wagering system and may be operatively connected using a communication link to a session controller (not shown), that performs the processes of a session controller as described herein. 
     In several embodiments, a distributed skill competition wagering system and may be operatively connected using a communication link to credit processing system  311 , that performs the processes of one or more credit processing systems as described herein. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4A , an interactive controller  400 , suitable for use as interactive controller  102  of  FIG. 1 , provides an execution environment for an interactive application  402  of a skill competition wagering system. In several embodiments, an interactive controller  400  of a skill competition wagering system provides an interactive application  402  that generates an application interface  404  for interaction with by a user. The interactive application  402  generates a user presentation  406  that is presented to the user through the application interface  404  using one or more user input and output devices  405 . The user presentation  406  may include audio features, visual features or tactile features, or any combination of these features. In various embodiments, the application interface  404  utilizes one or more user interface input and output devices  405  so that a user can interact with the user presentation  406 . In various embodiments, user interface input devices include, but are not limited to: buttons or keys; keyboards; keypads; game controllers; joysticks; computer mice; track balls; track buttons; touch pads; touchscreens; accelerometers; motion sensors; video input devices; microphones; and the like. In various embodiments, user interface output devices include, but are not limited to: audio output devices such as speakers, headphones, earbuds, and the like; visual output devices such as lights, video displays and the like; and tactile devices such as rumble pads, hepatic touchscreens, buttons, keys and the like. The user&#39;s interactions  408  are included by the interactive application  402  in application telemetry data  410  that is communicated by interactive controller  400  to various other components of a skill competition wagering system as described herein. The interactive application  402  receives application commands and resources  412  communicated from various other components of a skill competition wagering system as described herein. In some embodiments, the application telemetry data  410  may include user interactions with objects of the interactive application and a skill outcome for a competitive skill proposition presented to the user by the interactive application  402 . 
     In some embodiments, various components of the interactive application  402  can read data from an application state  414  in order to provide one or more features of the interactive application. In various embodiments, components of the interactive application  402  can include, but are not limited to: a physics engine; a rules engine; an audio engine; a graphics engine and the like. The physics engine is used to simulate physical interactions between virtual objects in the interactive application  402 . The rules engine implements the rules of the interactive application and a random number generator that may be used for influencing or determining certain variables and/or outcomes to provide a randomizing influence on the operations of the interactive application. The graphics engine is used to generate a visual representation of the interactive application state to the user. The audio engine is used to generate an audio representation of the interactive application state to the user. 
     During operation, the interactive application reads and writes application resources  416  stored on a data store of the interactive controller host. The application resources  416  may include objects having graphics and/or control logic used to provide application environment objects of the interactive application. In various embodiments, the resources may also include, but are not limited to, video files that are used to generate a portion of the user presentation  406 ; audio files used to generate music, sound effects, etc. within the interactive application; configuration files used to configure the features of the interactive application; scripts or other types of control code used to provide various features of the interactive application; and graphics resources such as textures, objects, etc. that are used by a graphics engine to render objects displayed in an interactive application. 
     In operation, components of the interactive application  402  read portions of the application state  414  and generate the user presentation  406  for the user that is presented to the user using the user interface  404 . The user perceives the user presentation and provides user interactions  408  using the user input devices. The corresponding user interactions are received as user actions or inputs by various components of the interactive application  402 . The interactive application  402  translates the user actions into interactions with the virtual objects of the application environment stored in the application state  414 . Components of the interactive application use the user interactions with the virtual objects of the interactive application and the interactive application state  414  to update the application state  414  and update the user presentation  406  presented to the user. The process loops continuously while the user interacts with the interactive application of the skill competition wagering system. 
     The interactive controller  400  provides one or more interfaces  418  between the interactive controller  400  and other components of a skill competition wagering system, such as, but not limited to, a process controller. The interactive controller  400  and the other skill competition wagering system components communicate with each other using the interface. The interface may be used to pass various types of data, and to communicate and receive messages, status data, commands and the like. In certain embodiments, the interactive controller  400  and a process controller communicate application commands and resources  412  and application telemetry data  410 . In some embodiments, the communications include requests by the process controller that the interactive controller  400  update the application state  414  using data provided by the process controller. 
     In many embodiments, communications between a process controller and the interactive controller  400  includes a request that the interactive controller  400  update one or more resources  416  using data provided by the process controller. In a number of embodiments, the interactive controller  400  provides all or a portion of the application state to the process controller. In some embodiments, the interactive controller  400  may also provide data about one or more of the application resources  416  to the process controller. In some embodiments, the communication includes user interactions that the interactive controller  400  communicates to the process controller. The user interactions may be low level user interactions with the user interface  404 , such as manipulation of an input device, or may be high level interactions with interactive application objects as determined by the interactive application. The user interactions may also include resultant actions such as modifications to the application state  414  or interactive application resources  416  resulting from the user&#39;s interactions taken in the skill competition wagering system interactive application. In some embodiments, user interactions include, but are not limited to, actions taken by entities such as non-user characters (NPC) of the interactive application that act on behalf of or under the control of the user. 
     In various embodiments, the application commands and resources  412  include competitive skill proposition application commands and/or resources used by the interactive application to generate a presentation of a competitive skill proposition presented to a user and to determine a skill outcome based on the user&#39;s skillful interaction with the presentation of the competitive skill proposition. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller  400  includes a wagering user interface  420  used to provide skill competition wagering system telemetry data  422  to and from the user. The skill competition wagering system telemetry data  422  from the skill competition wagering system includes, but is not limited to, data used by the user to configure credit, application credit and interactive element wagers, and data about the chance-based proposition credits, application credits and interactive element wagers such as, but not limited to, credit, application credit and interactive element balances and credit, application credit and interactive element amounts wagered. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller includes one or more sensors (not shown). Such sensors may include, but are not limited to, physiological sensors that monitor the physiology of the user, environmental sensors that monitor the physical environment of the interactive controller, accelerometers that monitor changes in motion of the interactive controller, and location sensors that monitor the location of the interactive controller such as global positioning sensors (GPSs). The interactive controller  400  communicates sensor telemetry data to one or more components of the skill competition wagering system. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4B , interactive controller  400  includes a bus  502  that provides an interface for one or more processors  504 , random access memory (RAM)  506 , read only memory (ROM)  508 , machine-readable storage medium  510 , one or more user output devices  512 , one or more user input devices  514 , and one or more communication interface devices  516 . 
     The one or more processors  504  may take many forms, such as, but not limited to: a central processing unit (CPU); a multi-processor unit (MPU); an ARM processor; a controller; a programmable logic device; or the like. 
     In the example embodiment, the one or more processors  504  and the random access memory (RAM)  506  form an interactive controller processing unit  599 . In some embodiments, the interactive controller processing unit includes one or more processors operatively connected to one or more of a RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium; the one or more processors of the interactive controller processing unit receive instructions stored by the one or more of a RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium via a bus; and the one or more processors execute the received instructions. In some embodiments, the interactive controller processing unit is an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit). In some embodiments, the interactive controller processing unit is a SoC (System-on-Chip). 
     Examples of output devices  512  include, but are not limited to, display screens; light panels; and/or lighted displays. In accordance with particular embodiments, the one or more processors  504  are operatively connected to audio output devices such as, but not limited to: speakers; and/or sound amplifiers. In accordance with many of these embodiments, the one or more processors  504  are operatively connected to tactile output devices like vibrators, and/or manipulators. 
     Examples of user input devices  514  include, but are not limited to: tactile devices including but not limited to, keyboards, keypads, foot pads, touchscreens, and/or trackballs; non-contact devices such as audio input devices; motion sensors and motion capture devices that the interactive controller can use to receive inputs from a user when the user interacts with the interactive controller; physiological sensors that monitor the physiology of the user; environmental sensors that monitor the physical environment of the interactive controller; accelerometers that monitor changes in motion of the interactive controller; and location sensors that monitor the location of the interactive controller such as global positioning sensors. 
     The one or more communication interface devices  516  provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for communicating data and commands between the interactive controller  400  and other devices that may be included in a skill competition wagering system. Such wired and wireless interfaces include, but are not limited to: a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface; a Bluetooth interface; a Wi-Fi interface; an Ethernet interface; a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface; a plain old telephone system (POTS) interface, a cellular or satellite telephone network interface; and the like. 
     The machine-readable storage medium  510  stores machine-executable instructions for various components of the interactive controller, such as but not limited to: an operating system  518 ; one or more device drivers  522 ; one or more application programs  520  including but not limited to an interactive application; and skill competition wagering system interactive controller instructions and data  524  for use by the one or more processors  504  to provide the features of an interactive controller as described herein. In some embodiments, the machine-executable instructions further include application control interface/application control interface instructions and data  526  for use by the one or more processors  504  to provide the features of an application control interface/application control interface as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the machine-readable storage medium  510  is one of a (or a combination of two or more of) a hard drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, a flash storage, a solid state drive, a ROM, an EIEPROM, and the like. 
     In operation, the machine-executable instructions are loaded into memory  506  from the machine-readable storage medium  510 , the ROM  508  or any other storage location. The respective machine-executable instructions are accessed by the one or more processors  504  via the bus  502 , and then executed by the one or more processors  504 . Data used by the one or more processors  504  are also stored in memory  506 , and the one or more processors  504  access such data during execution of the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the one or more processors  504  to control the interactive controller  400  to provide the features of a skill competition wagering system interactive controller as described herein 
     Although the interactive controller is described herein as being constructed from or configured using one or more processors and instructions stored and executed by hardware components, the interactive controller can be constructed from or configured using only hardware components in accordance with other embodiments. In addition, although the storage medium  510  is described as being operatively connected to the one or more processors through a bus, those skilled in the art of interactive controllers will understand that the storage medium can include removable media such as, but not limited to, a USB memory device, an optical CD ROM, magnetic media such as tape and disks. In some embodiments, the storage medium  510  can be accessed by the one or more processors  504  through one of the communication interface devices  516  or using a communication link. Furthermore, any of the user input devices or user output devices can be operatively connected to the one or more processors  504  via one of the communication interface devices  516  or using a communication link. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller  400  can be distributed across a plurality of different devices. In many such embodiments, an interactive controller of a skill competition wagering system includes an interactive application server operatively connected to an interactive client using a communication link. The interactive application server and interactive application client cooperate to provide the features of an interactive controller as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the interactive controller  400  may be used to construct other components of a skill competition wagering system as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, components of an interactive controller and a process controller of a skill competition wagering system may be constructed from or configured using a single device using processes that communicate using an interprocess communication protocol. In other such embodiments, the components of an interactive controller and a process controller of a skill competition wagering system may communicate by passing messages, parameters or the like. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram of a structure of a process controller, suitable for use as process controller  104  of  FIG. 1 , of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A process controller may be constructed from or configured using one or more processing devices that perform the operations of the process controller. In many embodiments, a process controller can be constructed from or configured using various types of processing devices including, but not limited to, a mobile device such as a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a wireless device such as a tablet computer or the like, an electronic gaming machine such as a slot machine, a personal computer, a gaming console, a set-top box, a computing device, a controller, a server, or the like. 
     Process controller  660  includes a bus  661  providing an interface for one or more processors  663 , random access memory (RAM)  664 , read only memory (ROM)  665 , machine-readable storage medium  666 , one or more user output devices  667 , one or more user input devices  668 , and one or more communication interface and/or network interface devices  669 . 
     The one or more processors  663  may take many forms, such as, but not limited to: a central processing unit (CPU); a multi-processor unit (MPU); an ARM processor; a programmable logic device; or the like. 
     Examples of output devices  667  include, include, but are not limited to: display screens; light panels; and/or lighted displays. In accordance with particular embodiments, the one or more processors  663  are operatively connected to audio output devices such as, but not limited to: speakers; and/or sound amplifiers. In accordance with many of these embodiments, the one or more processors  663  are operatively connected to tactile output devices like vibrators, and/or manipulators. 
     In the example embodiment, the one or more processors  663  and the random access memory (RAM)  664  form a process controller processing unit  670 . In some embodiments, the process controller processing unit includes one or more processors operatively connected to one or more of a RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium; the one or more processors of the process controller processing unit receive instructions stored by the one or more of a RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium via a bus; and the one or more processors execute the received instructions. In some embodiments, the process controller processing unit is an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit). In some embodiments, the process controller processing unit is a SoC (System-on-Chip). 
     Examples of user input devices  668  include, but are not limited to: tactile devices including but not limited to, keyboards, keypads, foot pads, touchscreens, and/or trackballs; non-contact devices such as audio input devices; motion sensors and motion capture devices that the process controller can use to receive inputs from a user when the user interacts with the process controller  660 . 
     The one or more communication interface and/or network interface devices  669  provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for exchanging data and commands between the process controller  660  and other devices that may be included in a skill competition wagering system. Such wired and wireless interfaces include, but are not limited to: a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface; a Bluetooth interface; a Wi-Fi interface; an Ethernet interface; a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface; a plain old telephone system (POTS), cellular, or satellite telephone network interface; and the like. 
     The machine-readable storage medium  666  stores machine-executable instructions for various components of the process controller  660  such as, but not limited to: an operating system  671 ; one or more applications  672 ; one or more device drivers  673 ; and skill competition wagering system process controller instructions and data  674  for use by the one or more processors  663  to provide the features of a process controller as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the machine-readable storage medium  670  is one of a (or a combination of two or more of) a hard drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, a flash storage, a solid state drive, a ROM, an EIEPROM, and the like. 
     In operation, the machine-executable instructions are loaded into memory  664  from the machine-readable storage medium  666 , the ROM  665  or any other storage location. The respective machine-executable instructions are accessed by the one or more processors  663  via the bus  661 , and then executed by the one or more processors  663 . Data used by the one or more processors  663  are also stored in memory  664 , and the one or more processors  663  access such data during execution of the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the one or more processors  663  to control the process controller  660  to provide the features of a skill competition wagering system process controller as described herein. 
     Although the process controller  660  is described herein as being constructed from or configured using one or more processors and instructions stored and executed by hardware components, the process controller can be composed of only hardware components in accordance with other embodiments. In addition, although the storage medium  666  is described as being operatively connected to the one or more processors through a bus, those skilled in the art of process controllers will understand that the storage medium can include removable media such as, but not limited to, a USB memory device, an optical CD ROM, magnetic media such as tape and disks. Also, in some embodiments, the storage medium  666  may be accessed by processor  663  through one of the interfaces or using a communication link. Furthermore, any of the user input devices or user output devices may be operatively connected to the one or more processors  663  via one of the interfaces or using a communication link. 
     In various embodiments, the process controller  660  may be used to construct other components of a skill competition wagering system as described herein. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram of a structure of a credit processing controller, suitable for use as credit processing controller  105  of  FIG. 1 , of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A credit processing controller may be constructed from or configured using one or more processing devices that perform the operations of the credit processing controller. In many embodiments, a credit processing controller can be constructed from or configured using various types of processing devices including, but not limited to, a mobile device such as a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a wireless device such as a tablet computer or the like, an electronic gaming machine such as a slot machine, a personal computer, a gaming console, a set-top box, a computing device, a controller, a server, or the like. 
     Credit processing controller  760  includes a bus  761  providing an interface for one or more processors  763 , random access memory (RAM)  764 , read only memory (ROM)  765 , machine-readable storage medium  766 , one or more user output devices  767 , one or more user input devices  768 , and one or more communication interface and/or network interface devices  769 . 
     The one or more processors  763  may take many forms, such as, but not limited to: a central processing unit (CPU); a multi-processor unit (MPU); an ARM processor; a programmable logic device; or the like. 
     Examples of output devices  767  include, include, but are not limited to: display screens; light panels; and/or lighted displays. In accordance with particular embodiments, the one or more processors  763  are operatively connected to audio output devices such as, but not limited to: speakers; and/or sound amplifiers. In accordance with many of these embodiments, the one or more processors  763  are operatively connected to tactile output devices like vibrators, and/or manipulators. 
     In the example embodiment, the one or more processors  763  and the random access memory (RAM)  764  form a credit processing controller processing unit  770 . In some embodiments, the credit processing controller processing unit includes one or more processors operatively connected to one or more of a RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium; the one or more processors of the credit processing controller processing unit receive instructions stored by the one or more of a RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium via a bus; and the one or more processors execute the received instructions. In some embodiments, the credit processing controller processing unit is an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit). In some embodiments, the credit processing controller processing unit is a SoC (System-on-Chip). 
     Examples of user input devices  768  include, but are not limited to: tactile devices including but not limited to, keyboards, keypads, foot pads, touchscreens, and/or trackballs; non-contact devices such as audio input devices; motion sensors and motion capture devices that the credit processing controller can use to receive inputs from a user when the user interacts with the credit processing controller  760 . 
     The one or more communication interface and/or network interface devices  769  provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for exchanging data and commands between the credit processing controller  760  and other devices that may be included in a skill competition wagering system. Such wired and wireless interfaces include, but are not limited to: a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface; a Bluetooth interface; a Wi-Fi interface; an Ethernet interface; a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface; a plain old telephone system (POTS), cellular, or satellite telephone network interface; and the like. 
     The machine-readable storage medium  766  stores machine-executable instructions for various components of the credit processing controller  760  such as, but not limited to: an operating system  771 ; one or more applications  772 ; one or more device drivers  773 ; and credit processing controller instructions and data  774  for use by the one or more processors  763  to provide the features of a credit processing controller as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, the machine-readable storage medium  770  is one of a (or a combination of two or more of) a hard drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, a flash storage, a solid state drive, a ROM, an EIEPROM, and the like. 
     In operation, the machine-executable instructions are loaded into memory  764  from the machine-readable storage medium  766 , the ROM  765  or any other storage location. The respective machine-executable instructions are accessed by the one or more processors  763  via the bus  761 , and then executed by the one or more processors  763 . Data used by the one or more processors  763  are also stored in memory  764 , and the one or more processors  763  access such data during execution of the machine-executable instructions. Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the one or more processors  763  to control the credit processing controller  760  to provide the features of a skill competition wagering system credit processing controller as described herein. 
     Although the credit processing controller  760  is described herein as being constructed from or configured using one or more processors and instructions stored and executed by hardware components, the credit processing controller can be composed of only hardware components in accordance with other embodiments. In addition, although the storage medium  766  is described as being operatively connected to the one or more processors through a bus, those skilled in the art of credit processing controllers will understand that the storage medium can include removable media such as, but not limited to, a USB memory device, an optical CD ROM, magnetic media such as tape and disks. Also, in some embodiments, the storage medium  766  may be accessed by processor  763  through one of the interfaces or using a communication link. Furthermore, any of the user input devices or user output devices may be operatively connected to the one or more processors  763  via one of the interfaces or using a communication link. 
     In various embodiments, the credit processing controller  760  may be used to construct other components of a skill competition wagering system as described herein. 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a process of a skill competition wagering system during a wagering session in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A skill competition wagering system resolves  800  a wager proposition by determining  802  a chance-based component using one or more random outcomes. The random component is then used to determine  804  a competitive skill proposition that will be presented to one or more users. The wager is resolved  806  by determining a skill outcome for the competitive skill proposition. 
     In some embodiments, as indicated by dashed line  808 , a process controller of the skill competition wagering system performs processing for determining  802  the chance-based component and determining  804  the competitive skill proposition while an interactive controller performs processing for determining  806  the skill outcome. 
     In an example embodiment, a competitive skill proposition of a skill competition wagering system is a head-to-head electronic card game played competitively by two players using a set of electronic cards. Each player wagers an amount of credits and the winning player receives all of the wagered credits minus an amount of credits for a hold of an operator of the skill competition wagering system. A process controller of the skill competition wagering system determines a random order of the electronic cards in the set of electronic cards as a chance-based component of the wagering proposition. The resultant randomized set of electronic cards are included in a competitive skill proposition of the wagering proposition. The competitive skill proposition may optionally includes instructions in accordance with the electronic card game. Data of the competitive skill proposition is communicated to an interactive controller of the skill competition wagering system. The interactive controller receives the data of the competitive skill proposition. The interactive controller resolves the wagering proposition by determining a skill outcome by executing the electronic card game using skill outcome logic specific to the electronic card game, the randomized set of electronic cards, and optionally any instructions in accordance with the electronic card game received from the process controller. The skill outcome includes information about which player has won the electronic card game. 
       FIG. 8  is a sequence diagram of interactions between components of a skill competition wagering system during a wagering session in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The components of the skill competition wagering system include a process controller  904 , such as process controller  104  of  FIG. 1 , an interactive controller  906 , such as interactive controller  102  of  FIG. 1 , and a credit processing controller  903 , such as credit processing controller  105  of  FIG. 1 . 
     In some embodiments, at a beginning of the wagering session, the process includes a credit input  909  to the skill competition wagering system with process controller  904  communicating with the credit processing controller  903  to receive incoming credit data  905 . The process controller  904  uses the incoming credit data to transfer credits onto one or more credit meters associated with one or more users of the skill competition wagering system, thus transferring credits into the skill competition wagering system and on to the one or more credit meters. 
     In many embodiments, the interactive controller  906  detects  907  one or more users performing a user interaction in an application interface of an interactive application provided by the interactive controller  906 . The interactive controller  906  communicates application telemetry data  908  to the process controller  904 . The application telemetry data  908  includes, but is not limited to, the user interaction detected by the interactive controller  906 . 
     The process controller  904  receives the application telemetry data  908 . Upon determination by the process controller  904  that the user interaction indicates a wagering event in accordance with a wagering proposition, the process controller  904  determines  913  a chance-based component of the wagering proposition and uses the chance-based component to determine  915  a competitive skill proposition of the wagering proposition. The process controller  904  communicates data of the competitive skill proposition  916  to the interactive controller  906 . The process controller  904  updates  917  one or more credit meters associated with the one or more users based on amounts of credits wagered in the wagering event. 
     The interactive controller  906  receives the competitive skill proposition data  916  from the process controller  904  and uses the competitive skill proposition data  916  to generate and present  918  to the one or more users a competitive skill proposition. The presentation of the competitive skill proposition is presented to the one or more users in the user interface of the interactive application of the interactive controller  906 . The interactive controller  906  detects  920  user interactions of the one or more users with the presentation of the competitive skill proposition and determines  922  a skill outcome based on the detected user interactions and the competitive skill proposition data  916 . The interactive controller  906  communicates data of the skill outcome  924  to the process controller  904 . 
     The process controller  904  receives the skill outcome data  924  and updates the one or more credit meters associated with the one or more users using the skill outcome data  924  and an amount of credits used for the wager and stores amounts of credits awarded from the executed wager in one or more intermediate data stores. The wagering subcontroller  902  communicates data of the chance outcome  914  of the executed wager to the process controller  904 . 
     The process controller  904  receives the chance outcome data  914  and determines  915  a competitive skill proposition based in part on the chance outcome data  914 . The competitive skill proposition includes interactive application command and resource data that the process controller  904  uses to command the interactive controller  906  to present a competitive skill proposition to a user. The process controller  904  communicates data of the competitive skill proposition  916  to the interactive controller  906 . 
     The interactive controller  906  receives the competitive skill proposition data  916 . The interactive application executing on the interactive controller  906  uses the competitive skill proposition data to generate and present  918  a competitive skill proposition to the user. The interactive controller  906  detects  920  skillful user interactions with the competitive skill proposition presentation of the interactive application and determines  922  a skill outcome based on the user&#39;s skillful interactions. The interactive controller  906  communicates data of the skill outcome  924  to the process controller  904 . 
     The process controller  904  receives the skill outcome data  924  and updates  930  the one or more credit meters associated with the one or more users based on the skill outcome data  924  and the amount of credits wagered. The process controller  904  generates  934  wagering telemetry data  936  using the combined outcome data  928  and data of the updated one or more credit meters. The process controller  904  communicates the wagering telemetry data  936  to the interactive controller  906 . 
     The interactive controller  906  receives the wagering telemetry data  936 . The interactive controller  906  updates  936  a wagering user interface on a partial basis of the wagering telemetry data  936 . 
     In many embodiments, upon determining that the wagering session is completed, such as by receiving a cashout communication from one or more users of the skill competition wagering system, the process controller  904  transfers credits off of the one or more credit meters, generates outgoing credit data  940  on the basis of the credits transferred off of the one or more credit meters, and communicates the outgoing credit data  940  to the credit processing controller  903 . The credit processing controller receives the outgoing credit data  940  and generates  942  a credit output as described herein, thus transferring credits off of the one or more credit meters and out of the skill competition wagering system. 
     In some embodiments, at a beginning of the wagering session, the process includes an application credit input to the skill competition wagering system with the process controller  904  communicating with the credit processing controller  903  to receive incoming application credit data. The process controller  902  uses the incoming application credit data to transfer application credits onto one or more application credit meters associated with one or more users of the skill competition wagering system, thus transferring application credits into the skill competition wagering system and on to the one or more application credit meters. The process controller  904  uses the skill outcome data  924  to determine an amount of application credit to award to a user based on the user&#39;s skillful interactions with an interactive application executed by the interactive controller  905 . Upon determining that the wagering session is completed, such as by receiving a cashout communication from one or more users of the skill competition wagering system, the process controller  904  transfers application credits off of the one or more application credit meters, generates outgoing application credit data on the basis of the application credits transferred off of the one or more application credit meters, and communicates the outgoing application credit data to the credit processing controller  903 . The credit processing controller receives the outgoing application credit data and generates an application credit output as described herein, thus transferring application credits off of the one or more application credit meters and out of the skill competition wagering system. 
     During the course of an interactive application session, multiple users may compete in a time-sensitive skill competition. The determination of which user acted first can be determinative when awarding points, interactive application pieces, or wins. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , various embodiments of a skill competition wagering system include a touchscreen used during the course of a competitive interactive application. Since touches may be nearly simultaneous and beyond the ability of human perception to differentiate, a process is used to determine a first touch. Moreover, since touchscreens may normally scan from one direction, different positions around the screen may provide an advantage to individuals that must be mitigated to promote fair play. 
     In the process, an interactive application providing a competitive skill proposition in the form of a skill game of a skill competition wagering system is started  1000 . An informational user interface is displayed  1002  to two or more users and the two or more users start  1004  gameplay of the skill game provided by the interactive application. The skill game includes a competitive skill component wherein the users compete to touch the touchscreen first in response to certain stimuli. When the skill competition wagering system detects that a user is touching the touchscreen  1006 , the skill competition wagering system determines  1008  if two or more users are touching the touchscreen. If only one user is touching the touchscreen, then that user is determined  1012  to be a winner, or the first user to touch the touchscreen. If two or more users are determined to be touching the touchscreen, the skill competition wagering system applies  1010  an activity detecting method to determine which of the two or more players have touched the touchscreen first in order to determine which of the two or more users is to be determined  1012  the winner. 
     The determination of which person touched the screen first can be determined in a variety of ways. As seen in  FIG. 10 , in one embodiment, the system treats the touchscreen as a random number generator (RNG) event such that no player could routinely obtain an advantage, and that the determination of the best position on the table for any given play of the interactive application is impossible. The method would be applying a randomization process  1108  to a scanning process of a touchscreen where multiple players compete or play, the randomization including factors such as whether the matrix scan commences  1100  from one end of the touchscreen or the other (e.g. row 0 or row 999), or one column or the other (e.g. column 0 or column 499), or commences at a location within the matrix (e.g. 200,187 or 55,820, etc.), a location of the touches on the touchscreen  1102 , the number of users  1104 , and additional factors  1106 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, the system synchronizes the trigger of the randomization process to the commencement of an interactive application, either just prior, simultaneously with the start, during the play or after the completion of the interactive application. 
     In one embodiment, the interactive application design may take advantage of the inherent randomness of touch scanning. Given a ˜5 ms scan rate for the entire screen, and the realities that if the interactive application involves acuity and dexterity, or at least a dexterity interactive application which requires recognition skills for audio, visual or both, and that such reaction time is likely no better than 150 ms or more, there is an over sampling rate of near 30 time more than necessary. If the scanning runs continually after boot, and its reset somewhere unpredictably in the boot process, it&#39;s impossible for any individual to know walking up to the table where the scan actually is at the commencement of a interactive application, and even if they did, the human body couldn&#39;t react fast enough to take advantage of it. 
     However, if the scans are always predictable in the order, there may be a touch soft button position which is disadvantaged on the table, depending on the interactive application design. So the interactive application would determine the liquid crystal display matrix scan data and locate trigger points and buttons in such a manner as to balance out the advantage of one position over another. For instance, not putting a button for one position right at the start of the scan row/column, but rather some distance down the scan path, and in turn, pulling the trailing button(s) off of the end of the scan path providing some additional “lead gutter” for the first button position. 
       FIG. 11  is a process flow diagram of interactions between components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. In the process, an interactive application providing a competitive skill proposition in the form of a skill game of a skill competition wagering system is started  1200 . An informational user interface is displayed  1202  to two or more users and the two or more users start  1204  gameplay of the skill game provided by the interactive application. The skill game includes a competitive skill component wherein the users compete to touch the touchscreen first in response to certain stimuli. When the skill competition wagering system detects that a user is touching the touchscreen  1206 , the skill competition wagering system determines  1208  if two or more users are touching the touchscreen. If only one user is touching the touchscreen, then that user is determined  1214  to be a winner, or the first user to touch the touchscreen. If two or more users are determined to be touching the touchscreen, the skill competition wagering system applies  1210  a real time logging method to determine which of the two or more players have touched the touchscreen first in order to determine which of the two or more users is to be determined  1214  the winner. 
     The real time logging method includes using a scan controller or its driver or interface paired to a real time clock to the event of the completed screen touch, or the moment a first signal event is detected which is ultimately determined to be a legal touch, such that information is available to the operating system of the interactive controller executing the interactive application, and used in the determination of a winning touch. 
     In an alternate embodiment, the real-time log would be made available to one or more of the players and/or an authorized attendant. This log file is stored on the interactive application and may be shared with a server or monitoring station. 
       FIGS. 12A and 12B  are diagrams of components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring to  FIG. 12A , a user interface  1300  of an interactive application of a skill competition wagering system is illustrated. The user interface is for use by two or more users when competing against each other to win a competitive skill proposition of the skill competition wagering system. The user interface is displayed on a display screen having a touchscreen with which users may interact. The touchscreen includes one or more selectable portions, such as  1302   a ,  1302   b ,  1302   c  and  1302   d , that one or more users may use when interacting with the user interface. In some embodiments, two or more users compete to acquire presented symbols  1304  that are displayed to the two or more users in a presented symbol display area  1306  of the user interface. A user uses the user&#39;s respective selectable portion of the touchscreen to indicate that the user wants to acquire the presented symbol. In some instances, two or more users may attempt to acquire the same presented symbol at the same time, whereby the two or more users may interact simultaneously or nearly simultaneously with the user&#39;s respective selectable portions of the touchscreen. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 12B , in some embodiments, a capacitive touchscreen  1308  is constructed from a grid of conductive elements that are embedded into a non-conductive material. The grid includes a first set of conductive elements that are organized into columns and a second set of conductive elements that are organized into a set of rows that cross the set of conductive elements organized into columns. While the conductive elements cross each other, they are not in electrical communication with each other as they are insulated by the non-conductive material. A transmitter circuit  1310  and demultiplexer circuit  1312  are used to inject an oscillating electrical signal into the first set of conductive elements. The second set of conductive elements are connected to a multiplexer circuit  1314  and a receiver circuit  1316 . The transmitter circuit, demultiplexer circuit, muliplexer circuit and receiver are controller by a touchscreen controller  1318 . The touchscreen controller is further connected to a device driver  1320  that is a component of an interactive controller  1322 . The device driver receives communications of touch events from the touchscreen controller and communicates those touch events to an interactive application  1324 . The interactive application is connected to, and is in communication with, a process controller  1326  as described herein. 
     In operation, to scan the entire grid, the touchscreen controller  1318  instructs the demultiplexer  1312  to connect the transmitter  1310  to one element of the first set of conductive elements of the touchscreen grid  1308  and instructs the transmitter to inject the oscillating electrical signal into the connected conductive element. The touchscreen controller then instructs the multiplexer  1314  to sequentially scan the second set of conductive elements thus connecting each of the second set of conductive elements to the receiver  1316  in sequence. When a conductive object is placed over the touchscreen grid  1308 , such as by a user touching an outer surface of the non-conductive material in which the touchscreen grid  1308  is embedded, the conductive object operates as a capacitor coupling a portion of the conductive elements of the first set of conductive elements to a portion of the conductive elements of the second set of conductive elements. If the oscillating signal is being injected into a conductive element included in the portion of the first conductive elements, then the capacitive coupling created by the conductive object will cause a corresponding oscillating electrical signal to be generated in the portion of the second set of conductive elements. This generated signal is detected by the receiver  1316  and the detection event is communicated to the touchscreen controller  1318 . As the touchscreen controller  1318  is instructing the demultiplexer  1312  to sequentially connect each of the first set of conductive elements to the transmitter  1310 , the touchscreen controller  1318  knows which conductive element of the first set of conductive elements is being excited by the oscillating electrical signal. Furthermore, as the touchscreen controller  1318  is instructing the multiplexer knows which conductive element of the second set of conductive elements is connected to the receiver  1316  via the multiplexer  1314 , the touchscreen controller  1318  can determine a set of coordinates, in terms of an index of the first set of conductive elements and an index of the second set of conductive elements, of a location of the conductive object. Furthermore, the touchscreen controller  1318  can also determine if multiple conductive objects are contacting a surface of the non-conductive material. 
     In various embodiments, touchscreens other than a capacitive touchscreen may be used, such as, but not limited to, a resistive touchscreen, a surface acoustic wave touchscreen, a projected capacitive touchscreen, an optical touchscreen, an infrared touchscreen, a frustrated total internal reflection (FTRI) touchscreen, or the like. 
     In some embodiments of a touchscreen controller, the touchscreen controller communicates with components of the interactive controller using a serial protocol and formats touch data into data packets grouping data of one or more touch events together in the data packets. In some embodiments, the data packets may include data of one or more touch events grouped together. In various embodiments, data of grouped touch events is associated with a single time stamp. In other embodiments, the data packets may include data of one or more touch events grouped together with unique time stamps for the data of each touch event. 
     As the scanning process is performed sequentially, the scanning process will take a scanning period of time to detect when one or more conductive objects are touching the outer surface of the non-conductive material. Accordingly, the touchscreen controller might not be able to resolve sequential touches of the touchscreen finer the scanning period of time. That is, if two or more users touch the touchscreen within the scanning period of time, the touchscreen controller might not be able to determine which, if any, of the two or more players touched the touchscreen first. 
     In various embodiments, the touchscreen controller communicates data of touch events to the driver as one or more data packets. In an embodiment, a model ZXY200 or ZXY300 touchscreen controller from Zytronic in Blaydon upon Tyne, United Kingdom, is used. Table 1 depicts a format of a touchscreen packet communicated from such a touchscreen controller to a driver in accordance with an embodiment of a skill competition wagering system. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Touch packet 
                 Touch Report 
                   
                   
                 Touch Report 
                   
               
               
                 Byte Index 
                 Index 
                 Description 
                 Byte Index 
                 Index 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 NA 
                 Report ID = 0 × 01 
                 31 
                 6 
                 Contact Flags 
               
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 Contact Flags 
                 32 
                 6 
                 Contact ID 
               
               
                 2 
                 1 
                 Contact ID 
                 33 
                 6 
                 X position LSB 
               
               
                 3 
                 1 
                 X position LSB 
                 34 
                 6 
                 X position MSB 
               
               
                 4 
                 1 
                 X position MSB 
                 35 
                 6 
                 Y position LSB 
               
               
                 5 
                 1 
                 Y position LSB 
                 36 
                 6 
                 Y position MSB 
               
               
                 6 
                 1 
                 Y position MSB 
                 37 
                 7 
                 Contact Flags 
               
               
                 7 
                 2 
                 Contact Flags 
                 38 
                 7 
                 Contact ID 
               
               
                 8 
                 2 
                 Contact ID 
                 39 
                 7 
                 X position LSB 
               
               
                 9 
                 2 
                 X position LSB 
                 40 
                 7 
                 X position MSB 
               
               
                 10 
                 2 
                 X position MSB 
                 41 
                 7 
                 Y position LSB 
               
               
                 11 
                 2 
                 Y position LSB 
                 42 
                 7 
                 Y position MSB 
               
               
                 12 
                 2 
                 Y position MSB 
                 43 
                 8 
                 Contact Flags 
               
               
                 13 
                 3 
                 Contact Flags 
                 44 
                 8 
                 Contact ID 
               
               
                 14 
                 3 
                 Contact ID 
                 45 
                 8 
                 X position LSB 
               
               
                 15 
                 3 
                 X position LSB 
                 46 
                 8 
                 X position MSB 
               
               
                 16 
                 3 
                 X position MSB 
                 47 
                 8 
                 Y position LSB 
               
               
                 17 
                 3 
                 Y position LSB 
                 48 
                 8 
                 Y position MSB 
               
               
                 18 
                 3 
                 Y position MSB 
                 49 
                 9 
                 Contact Flags 
               
               
                 19 
                 4 
                 Contact Flags 
                 50 
                 9 
                 Contact ID 
               
               
                 20 
                 4 
                 Contact ID 
                 51 
                 9 
                 X position LSB 
               
               
                 21 
                 4 
                 X position LSB 
                 52 
                 9 
                 X position MSB 
               
               
                 22 
                 4 
                 X position MSB 
                 53 
                 9 
                 Y position LSB 
               
               
                 23 
                 4 
                 Y position LSB 
                 54 
                 9 
                 Y position MSB 
               
               
                 24 
                 4 
                 Y position MSB 
                 55 
                 10 
                 Contact Flags 
               
               
                 25 
                 5 
                 Contact Flags 
                 56 
                 10 
                 Contact ID 
               
               
                 26 
                 5 
                 Contact ID 
                 57 
                 10 
                 X position LSB 
               
               
                 27 
                 5 
                 X position LSB 
                 58 
                 10 
                 X position MSB 
               
               
                 28 
                 5 
                 X position MSB 
                 59 
                 10 
                 Y position LSB 
               
               
                 29 
                 5 
                 Y position LSB 
                 60 
                 10 
                 Y position MSB 
               
               
                 30 
                 5 
                 Y position MSB 
                 61 
                 NA 
                 Number of touch 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 reports 
               
               
                 62 
                   
                 NA 
                   
                 Scan Time-LSB 
                   
               
               
                 63 
                   
                 NA 
                   
                 Scan Time-MSB 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In accordance with such an embodiment, each packet is 64 bytes long and includes touch event data, as 16 bits of x and y position data, a flag to indicate a type of the touch event, and a unique identifier. The packet also includes 16 bits of time scan data indicating when the data of the touch events was collected. 
     As data of one or more touch events may be in the same data packet, the driver receives these data packets and scans the data packets to determine if data of two or more touch events are in a single data packet. If so, the driver determines that a tie has occurred between two or more users attempting to touch the touchscreen simultaneously or nearly simultaneously. To resolve the tie, the driver communicates a request for a randomized sequence of elements to the process controller. 
     In some embodiments, a request for a randomized sequence of elements includes data of the touch events that were communicated from the touchscreen controller to the driver. 
     The process controller receives the request for the randomized sequence of elements from the driver and generates the randomized sequence of elements. The randomized sequence of elements includes two or more elements, with the number of elements of the randomized sequence of elements corresponding to the number of touch events that are involved in the tie that the driver detected. 
     In many embodiments, a process controller uses a random number generator to generate a sequence of random numbers that are used to randomize a sequence of elements corresponding to touch events. 
     In some embodiments, a request for a randomized sequence of elements includes original touch event data communicated from a touchscreen controller to a driver. The process controller receives the original touch event data and stores the original touch event data as well as the randomized sequence of elements generated by the process controller as tie event data in a tie event datastore  1328 . 
     In various embodiments, a request for a randomized sequence of elements includes original touch event data communicated from a touchscreen controller to a driver. A process controller receives the original touch event data and generates the randomized sequence of elements using the original touch event data to generate touch event data that includes data of an ordered set of touch events wherein an order of the data of the touch events in the touch event data is in an order that identifies data of at least one touch event as a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events by setting which of the touch events is to be considered first in time. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. 
     The process controller communicates the randomized sequence of elements to the driver. The driver receives the randomized sequence of elements and uses the randomized sequence of elements along with the touch event data to generate data of an ordered set of touch events that identifies data of one touch event as data of a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as data of subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events by determining which of the touch events is to be considered first in time. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. The driver communicates data of the ordered set of touch events to the interactive application. 
     In some embodiments, a request for a randomized sequence of elements includes original touch event data communicated from a touchscreen controller to a driver. A process controller receives the original touch data and generates the randomized sequence of elements using the original touch data to generate touch data that includes data of an ordered set of touch events wherein an order of data of the touch events in the touch event data is in an order that identifies data of at least one touch event as data of a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as data of subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events by determining which of the touch events is to be considered first in time. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. In such embodiments, the driver forwards the touch event data received from the process controller to the interactive application. 
       FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram of a process implemented by components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A touchscreen controller  1400  detects  1402  user interactions with a touchscreen. The touchscreen controller communicates the user interactions with the touchscreen as touchscreen telemetry data  1404  to a driver  1406  of an interactive controller  1408 . 
     The driver receives the touchscreen telemetry data and scans the touchscreen telemetry data to determine if data of two or more user touch events are in a single data packet. If so, the driver determines  1410  that a tie has occurred between two or more users attempting to touch the touchscreen simultaneously or nearly simultaneously. To resolve the tie, the driver communicates data of a request for a randomized sequence of elements  1412  to a process controller  1414 . 
     The process controller receives the data of the request for the randomized sequence of elements from the driver and generates  1416  a randomized sequence of elements. The randomized sequence of elements includes two or more elements, with the number of elements of the randomized sequence of elements corresponding to the number of touch events that are involved in the tie that the driver detected. 
     In many embodiments, a process controller uses a random number generator as described herein to generate a sequence of random numbers that are used to randomize a sequence of elements corresponding to the touch events. 
     In some embodiments, the data of the request for a randomized sequence of elements includes the touchscreen telemetry data communicated from the touchscreen controller to the driver. The process controller receives the touchscreen telemetry data and stores the touchscreen telemetry data as well as data of the randomized sequence of elements  1418  generated by the process controller as tie event data  1420  in a tie event datastore  1422 . 
     The process controller communicates data of the randomized sequence of elements to the driver. The driver receives the data of the randomized sequence of elements and uses the randomized sequence of elements along with the touchscreen telemetry data to generate  1424  data of an ordered set of touch events that identifies data of one touch event as data of a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as data of subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. The driver communicates data of the ordered set of touch events to the interactive application. 
     In various embodiments, the data of the request for a randomized sequence of elements includes the touchscreen telemetry data communicated from the touchscreen controller to the driver. The process controller receives the original the touchscreen telemetry data and generates the randomized sequence of elements using the touchscreen telemetry data to generate touch event data that includes data of an ordered set of touch events wherein an order of the data of the touch events in the touch event data is in an order that identifies data of at least one touch event as a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events by setting which of the touch events is to be considered first in time. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. In such embodiments, the driver forwards the touch event data  1426  received from the process controller to an interactive application  1427 . 
     The interactive application of the interactive controller receives the data of the ordered touch event data and uses the ordered touch events to determine  1428  a skill outcome as described herein. The interactive application of the interactive controller communicates data of the skill outcome  1430  to the process controller for further processing as described herein. 
       FIG. 14  is another sequence diagram of a process implemented by components of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. A touchscreen controller  1500  detects  1502  user interactions with a touchscreen. The touchscreen controller communicates the user interactions with the touchscreen as touchscreen telemetry data  1504  to a driver  1506  of an interactive controller  1508 . 
     One or more video cameras  1510  also record  1512  the user interactions with the touchscreen. In some embodiments, each portion of the touchscreen that is used by a user is monitored by a respective video camera. The video camera stores  1514  a video record of the interactions with the touch screen in a buffer along with time stamps for later recall. 
     The driver receives the touchscreen telemetry data and scans the touchscreen telemetry data to determine if data of two or more user touch events are in a single data packet. If so, the driver determines  1516  that a tie has occurred between two or more users attempting to touch the touchscreen simultaneously or nearly simultaneously. To resolve the tie, the driver communicates data of a request for a randomized sequence of elements  1518  to a process controller  1520 . 
     The process controller receives the data of the request for the randomized sequence of elements from the driver. Responsive to the request, the process controller retrieves data of portions of the stored video recordings as video telemetry data  1522  from the buffer wherein the portions of the stored video recordings correspond in time to the user touch event tie detected by the driver. The process controller generates  1524  the randomized sequence of elements. The randomized sequence of elements includes two or more elements, with the number of elements of the randomized sequence of elements corresponding to the number of touch events that are involved in the tie that the driver detected. 
     In many embodiments, the process controller uses a random number generator as described herein to generate a sequence of random numbers that are used to randomize a sequence of elements corresponding to the touch events. 
     In some embodiments, the data of the request for a randomized sequence of elements includes the touchscreen telemetry data communicated from the touchscreen controller to the driver. The process controller receives the touchscreen telemetry data and stores the touchscreen telemetry data, the randomized sequence of elements generated by the process controller, and the video telemetry data as tie event data in a tie event datastore  1528 . 
     The process controller communicates data of the randomized sequence of elements  1530  to the driver. The driver receives the data of the randomized sequence of elements and uses the randomized sequence of elements along with the touchscreen telemetry data to generate  1532  data of an ordered set of touch events  1534  that identifies data of one touch event as data of a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as data of subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. The driver communicates data of the ordered set of touch events to the interactive application  1535 . 
     In various embodiments, the data of the request for a randomized sequence of elements includes the touchscreen telemetry data communicated from the touchscreen controller to the driver. The process controller receives the original the touchscreen telemetry data and generates the randomized sequence of elements using the touchscreen telemetry data to generate touch event data that includes data of an ordered set of touch events wherein an order of the data of the touch events in the touch event data is in an order that identifies data of at least one touch event as a first touch event in time and data of one or more touch events as subsequent touch events in time, thus breaking a tie between the touch events by setting which of the touch events is to be considered first in time. In some such embodiments, data of two or more touch events are ordered from first in time to last in time in order to break a tie between the two or more touch events. In such embodiments, the driver forwards the touch event data received from the process controller to the interactive application. 
     The interactive application of the interactive controller receives the data of the ordered touch event data and uses the ordered touch events to determine  1536  a skill outcome as described herein. The interactive application of the interactive controller communicates data of the skill outcome  1538  to the process controller for further processing as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, a touchscreen is utilized in a touchscreen gaming device supporting a plurality of players and the interactive applications contained in the device, such interactive applications being of a nature that they require a real time reaction by one or more players, either on a solo basis or relative to one another, in order to determine a gambling win, or to be eligible for a portion or completely win a gambling prize 
     In some embodiments, a touchscreen determines touches by a sequential process involving some form of electrical stimulation and analysis, such as a touchscreen surface matrix scan, starting at a theoretical matrix position of 0,0 and progressing through 999,999 to detect the contact of the touchscreen surface by some part or portion of the human body. 
     In some embodiments, a touchscreen controller, after completing a sequential scan process, communicates a record of a touch to one or more interactive controllers, wherein the one or more interactive controllers are responsible for presentation of an interactive application to a player which contains a random number generator and interactive application math functions to determine wins, and informs players as to the winner of a contest 
     In many embodiments, a communication of the record entails the touchscreen controller bundling all touches seen and validated during a period of time, which may or may not be known to the interactive controller, into a information packet and sending the record of these touches to the interactive controller 
     In various embodiments, upon reception of one or more of the touchscreen controller packets containing touches, the interactive controller, seeking to definitively determine a win or a winner of a contest utilizing the information in the packet(s), and recognizing that given the sequential nature of matrix scan creates an indeterminate state of which player touched the screen first when two or more touched the screen within a given matrix scan window which may or may not correlate to the information packet communicated by the touchscreen controller, runs a random number generator to randomly determine on an equal basis, a player who is considered to have touched the touchscreen first, second, etc. for the purposes of determining the win or their portion of a win. 
     In various embodiments, an interactive controller makes a log record of the random number determination and its outcome for later recall either by a system or inspected visually by a human 
     In some embodiments of a touchscreen device, depending on a direction of a scan on the touchscreen device, and a location of required touch points of a interactive application user interface displayed in conjunction with the touchscreen surface may introduce an unintended bias toward one touch position or another on the touchscreen which may in turn inadvertently favor one or more players over another or others. The interactive controller takes touches which occurred within a window determined by the touchscreen controller, runs a random number generator to determine a winner by conditioning the outcome by mathematically taking into consideration the unintended bias and weights each touch position (or player&#39;s) chances that they touched the position before another player or against a required challenge presented by the interactive application, in such a manner as to diminish or eliminate the unintended bias when determining the first, second, etc. touch position pressed. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive controller makes a log record of the random number generator determination as well as weighting information for later recall either by a system or inspected visually by a human. 
     In various embodiments, a gaming device is connected to one or more video cameras or a camera system of a sufficient frame rate to visually determine which player actually touched the surface first, and storing one or more of these records for later recall either by a system or human to provide a record of the touch events. 
     In some embodiments, the video images are analyzed by either the video system or the interactive controller to determine, either independently or in conjunction with the record provided by the touch controller, the winner or the order of the touch contest between the players to determine the win or order of touch of the screen, or to create a record of real time timing of events. In some such embodiments, the interactive controller sends a signal to either start and stop the cameras in order to create a synchronized, sequential record. In another such embodiment, the interactive controller discards all video data outside the time window required to capture the video image record of the touch events. In another such embodiment, the interactive controller displays a sync mark on the display of the user interface for capture in the video record in order to establish a real time frame in the video record. In another such embodiment, the interactive controller sends a signal to the cameras or camera system in order to create a real time synchronization mark, record or operation in the video record. 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart of a process that may be performed to create a competitive skill proposition in the form of a dynamic virtual card game of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The dynamic virtual card game features a chance-based component in the form of a shared deck of cards or set of symbols where two or more users compete to acquire the cards or symbols in a competitive skill proposition. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , the process starts when a multiuser interactive application providing the dynamic virtual card game starts  1600  and provides an initial hand of cards of symbols drawn from the shared deck of cards or set of symbols. The hands have a specified number of initial cards or symbols and the hands are assigned to two or more users. After the initial hands are assigned, the shared deck of cards or set of symbols is used to reveal 1604 additional cards or symbols to the two or more users. 
     In one embodiment, the process starts with the system providing an initial hand of two cards or symbols. In some embodiments, the multiuser interactive application is designed to accommodate two to six users per session. 
     In many embodiments, the deck or cards or set of symbols used is a 52-card deck of cards or symbols with four suits. The users compete to form the best hand according to standard poker rules as the cards are revealed. The entire system may be referred to in some embodiments as “Grab Poker.” 
     After a card or symbol is revealed, there is a short countdown visible in a graphical display of the multiuser interactive application user interface.  FIG. 16 . illustrates an example embodiment of such a graphical display of the multiuser interactive application user interface  1700 . 
     Referring again to  FIG. 15 , if a user sees a card or symbol they wish to obtain, they must press or select the user&#39;s respective “grab button” or selection button before any other user presses or selects their respective grab or selection button. If the system detects  1606  that a user successfully interacts with the graphical display by selecting the user&#39;s respective grab or selection button first before the other user(s) as described herein, the interactive controller communicates to the process controller which card or symbol was selected, and the system assigns  1610  to the user that card or symbol. 
     When the countdown ends and the system detects that no user has selected the revealed card or symbol, the system discards the card or symbol. Whether the card or symbol was grabbed or selected by a user or card or symbol was discarded, the system replaces the selected or discarded card or symbol with a new card or symbol from the deck or set of symbols. 
     When the system detects  1612  that at least one user has obtained a specified number of cards or symbols, the system enters  1614  a burndown mode wherein a number of cards or symbols for a specified subset of cards or symbols is calculated  1616  and the specified subset of cards or symbols are selected from the remaining cards or symbols in the shared deck of cards or set of symbols. The specified subset of cards or symbols replaces the shared deck of cards or set of symbols and subsequent revealed cards or symbols are taken from the replaced shared deck of cards or set of symbols. If there are fewer cards or symbols in the shared deck of cards or set of symbols remaining than the number of cards or symbols calculated for the specified subset of cards or symbols, the remaining cards or symbols in the shared deck of cards or symbols are used. In many embodiments, no card or symbol is dealt or revealed twice in a single session. 
     In some embodiments, each user receives two cards or symbols to start and the specified number of cards or symbols is five. Accordingly, a user may select up to three cards or symbols from the shared deck of cards or set of symbols to form a hand of five cards or symbols. Once a user has formed a hand of five cards or symbols, the user cannot grab or select anymore cards or symbols. 
     In some embodiments, during the burndown mode, the number of cards or symbols in the specified subset of cards or symbols remaining to draw is calculated such that the number of cards or symbols in the specified subset of cards or symbols is three more cards or symbols for each user in the session who has not completed their hand yet. For example, in a two user session, when the first user grabs or selects five cards or symbols, there will only be three more cards or symbols drawn before the session ends. If it is a six user session, there will be 15 cards or symbols drawn before the end of the session. 
     During the burndown mode, a card or symbol is selected from the replacement shared deck of cards or set of symbols and revealed  1618  to the users. Once the system detects that all users have the specified number of cards or symbols in their hands  1620 , or all the symbols or cards are selected from the replacement shared deck of cards or set of symbols  1628  such that there are no remaining symbols or cards, the burndown mode ends and the hands are judged by calculating a score  1622  according to poker rules by the system. If a user fails to select the specified number of cards or symbols, the cards or symbols the user has may be judged according to the same rules (for instance a pair among four cards would still be considered a pair). In some embodiments, if a user does not have the specified number of cards or symbols in their hand, the user may be randomly assigned an unclaimed card from the burndown card reveal by the system. 
     In many embodiments, during each session, each user places wagers of amounts of currency or credits on each hand, with the operator taking a percentage of the wagers on the table (the “rake”). 
     In some embodiments, the user with the winning hand is awarded  1624  an amount of currency or credits from the amount of currency or credits wagered and the session ends  1626 . In other embodiments, the currency or credits awarded may be divided among the highest hands. 
     In many embodiments, during the session, a graphical indicator is used to indicate the user currently holding the highest ranked hand. The graphical indicator is determined by the process controller, which communicates with the interactive controller to generate the image of the graphical controller in the user interface of the multiuser interactive application. 
     In some embodiments the graphical indicator may be a sparkling crown that moves around the board. When another user creates a higher ranked hand, the graphical display changes. The graphic moves to the new user, with a trail of particles indicating the movement. A sound such as a gasp or musical note may also indicate the change in rank. 
       FIG. 16  is a visual presentation of a user interface displayed on a display device of a multi-user interactive application of an interactive controller of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Such embodiments are used to implement a rake-based competitive skill proposition where users compete to acquire a pot of an amount of credits wagered against each other by the users. The user interface  1700  is for use by two or more users when competing against each other to win a competitive skill proposition of the skill competition wagering system. The user interface includes a touch sensitive surface overlaying a visual display. The visual presentation of the user interface includes two or more individual user interface visual presentations, such as user interface visual presentations  1702   a ,  1702   b ,  1702   c  and  1702   d , provided for two or more respective users of the skill competition wagering system. Each user interface visual presentation includes a plurality of symbol display portions for each respective user, such as symbol display portions  1704   a ,  1704   b ,  1704   c ,  1704   d , and  1704   e . The number of symbol display portions for each user is dependent upon a type of competitive skill proposition of a multiuser interactive application being executed by the skill competition wagering system. In some embodiments, the number of symbol display portions includes two starting symbol display portions and three subsequent symbol display portions. 
     Each user interface visual presentation further includes a user credit display portion, such as user credit display portion  1706 , for displaying a number of credits allocated to the respective user, a user credit won display portion, such as user credit won display portion  1708 , for displaying credits won by the respective user, an amount of credits wagered portion, such as amount of credits wagered portion  1710 , for indicating an amount of credits that the respective user is wagering, and a selector display portion, such as selector display portion  1712 , for displaying instructions to the respective user and well as for indicating where on the user interface the user is to interact with the multiuser interactive application generating the visual presentation to grab or select a symbol, such as a virtual button or the like. 
     In some embodiments, the selector display portion includes a physical button, switch or the like as part of the user input devices of the interactive controller that a user uses to grab or select a symbol. 
     Each user interface visual presentation further includes a currently winning display portion, such as currently winning display portion  1718 , for displaying a currently winning icon to a user who is currently winning a stage of the competitive skill proposition presented by the multi-user interactive application of the skill competition wagering system. 
     The visual presentation of the user interface further includes: a symbol display portion  1714  for displaying symbols to the users collectively; and a pot amount display portion  1716  for display a value of an amount of credits that may be won by a user for winning the stage of the competitive skill-proposition presented by the multi-user interactive application of the skill competition wagering system. 
     In an embodiment, the visual representation of the user interface is for a competitive skill proposition that is a virtual poker game-style card game utilizing a chance-based component that is a set of symbols in the form of a deck of virtual cards where the virtual poker game-style card game is played by two or more users. Each user of the two or more users is provided with a starting hand of two virtual cards that are provided face up to the two or more users such that each user may see the hand of each other user. Additional virtual cards are provided face up in a center portion of the user interface such that each user may see the virtual card when provided. The virtual card is provided for a specified amount of time. User&#39;s compete with each other to add the virtual card to their respective hands to make the best poker hand that each user can. If a user wants to add the virtual card to their hand, they select the virtual card using a respective selector display portion of the user interface respective to that user. Each user may select virtual cards to add to their hand until they have five cards in their hand. The virtual cards are presented to the users until there are no more virtual cards left in the virtual deck. A winner is determined by which user has the best poker hand. 
       FIGS. 17 to 20  are illustrations of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring now to  FIGS. 17 and 18 , an interactive application  1800  executed by an interactive controller  1802  of the skill competition wagering system decrements credits, such as credit decrements  1804   a  and  1804   b , from one or more user credit meters, such as credit meters  1805  and  1807 , of a metering subcontroller of a process controller  1811 , as described herein, the one or more user credit meters associated with one or more users respectively, and adds  1806  the decremented credits as a credit increment to a pool credit meter of the metering subcontroller. In some embodiments, some of the credits decremented from the users are added  1808  to a pool credit meter  1810 . 
     The interactive application generates  1812  the visual presentation of the user interface and commands  1814  a display device  1821  of the interactive controller to display the visual presentation. The display device displays the visual presentation. The interactive application generates  1816  a set of symbols in a randomized sequence. In some embodiments, the interactive application uses services of a process controller to generate the set of symbols in the randomized sequence. 
     The interactive application determines  1818  and assigns one or more initial subsets of the set of symbols without replacement respectively to each of the one or more users. The interactive application commands  1820  the display to display  1822  the initial subsets in each user&#39;s respective user interface portion. The interactive application determines  1824  a ranking of the subsets of symbols associated with the users and commands  1826  the display to display  1828  a highest ranked symbol subset icon ( 1718  if  FIG. 16 ) in the user interface portion of the user with the highest ranked subset of symbols. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 18 and 19 , the interactive application  1800  determines  1832  a next symbol from the set of symbols and commands  1834  the display device  1821  to display  1836  the next symbol in the next symbol display portion of the visual presentation of the user interface ( 1714  of  FIG. 16 ). The interactive application continuously monitors user interactions  1838  with the touch sensitive device  1830  of the user interface to detect  1840  that a user has selected the next symbol for inclusion in the user&#39;s subset of symbols. 
     In some embodiments, if two or more users are utilizing the interactive controller, the interactive application does not accept any other user&#39;s attempted selection of the next symbol after the interactive application has detected that one of the user&#39;s has selected the next symbol, thus locking all of the other users out of the selection process. 
     In some embodiments, if the skill competition wagering system detects that there is a tie between users attempting to select the same symbol, the skill competition wagering system breaks the tie as described herein. 
     The interactive application assigns  1842  the selected symbol to the successful user&#39;s subset of symbols and communicates data of the selected symbol  1844  to the display device for display in the successful user&#39;s respective portion of the user interface. The interactive application determines  1846  a ranking of the subsets of symbols assigned to the one or more users and commands  1848  the display device to display  1850  a highest ranked subset winning icon as described herein. 
     In various embodiments of a skill competition wagering system, the symbol set represents a deck of virtual playing cards, and the set of symbols are a deck of virtual playing cards including 4 suits (spades, clubs, hearts, and diamonds) with each suit having face values of ace, two to ten, jack, king and queen. In some embodiments, each subset of the set of symbols represents a virtual card hand held by a user. In various embodiments, each player can have at most five symbols in their subset of symbols, and the subsets of symbols are ranked based on the rules for evaluating poker hands. 
     In some embodiments of a skill competition wagering system, each user receives two symbols as the initial subset of symbols. Subsequently, the next symbol from the set of symbols is displayed to all of the users for a fixed amount of time and each of the users is allowed to attempt to grab or select the next symbol, using the player&#39;s respective a selector display portion, such as a selector display portion  1712  of  FIG. 16 , to add to their respective subset of the set of symbols by being the first in time to select the next symbol. The process of presenting and selecting next symbols continues until the set of symbols is exhausted or each user has selected a specified number of symbols. 
       FIG. 19  is an illustration of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, the interactive application  1800  determines  1852  that one or more of the users has acquired the specified number of symbols in their respective subsets and then the interactive application deletes  1854  all but another specified number of remaining symbols from the remaining symbols in the set of symbols to implement a burndown process as described herein. The current stage of the competitive skill proposition continues using the specified number of remaining symbols until all of the symbols in the set of symbols have been presented to the users, or until all of the users have filled their subset of the set of symbols. 
       FIG. 20  is an illustration of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, the interactive application  1800  determines  1856  to provide a bonus to be randomly displayed to the one or more users. The first user to select to receive the bonus will receive the bonus. The interactive application generates  1858  a bonus presentation and commands  1860  the display device  1821  to display  1862  the bonus presentation. The interactive application then continuously monitors user interactions  1864  with the touchscreen device  1830  to detect  1866  selection of the bonus by a user. If the interactive application determines  1868  that the bonus was selected, the interactive application debits  1870  the pool credit meter  1810  to provide an amount of credits for the bonus, and increments  1872  a credit meter  1807  of the user that acquired the bonus. 
     In some embodiments, if the skill competition wagering system detects that there is a tie between users attempting to select the bonus, the skill competition wagering system breaks the tie as described herein. 
       FIG. 21  is an illustration of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An interactive application  1800  of an interactive controller of the skill competition wagering system determines  1874  that a stage of the competitive skill proposition is complete, either because the set of symbols to be presented to the users has been depleted, or that each user has filled their respective subset of symbols of the set of symbols. The interactive application then determines  1876  a winning subset of symbols by ranking each subset of symbols and determining a winning subset of symbols as the subset of symbols having the highest ranking. The interactive application, using services of the interactive controller, commands  1878  the metering subcontroller to decrement the pot credit meter  1809  and increment  1880  the credit meter  1807  of the user having the highest ranked subset of symbols. The interactive application generates  1890  a presentation indicating that a user has won the stage of the competitive skill-proposition and commands  1892  the display device  1821  to display  1894  the presentation and the display device displays the stage won presentation. 
       FIG. 22  is a visual presentation of another user interface displayed on a display device of a multi-user interactive application of an interactive controller of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Such embodiments are used to implement a house-backed competitive skill proposition where two or more users provide an amount of credits that are wagered against the house and a random number generator and a paytable are used to determine an amount of credits that user compete to acquire. 
     The user interface  1900  is for use by two or more users when competing against each other to win a competitive skill proposition of the skill competition wagering system. The user interface includes a touch sensitive surface overlaying a visual display. The visual presentation of the user interface  1900  includes two or more individual user interface visual presentations, such as user interface visual presentations  1902   a ,  1902   b ,  1902   c  and  1902   d , provided for two or more respective users of the skill competition wagering system. Each user interface visual presentation includes a plurality of symbol display portions for each respective user, such as symbol display portions  1904   a ,  1904   b ,  1904   c ,  1904   d , and  1904   e . The number of symbol display portions for each user is dependent upon a type of competitive skill proposition of a multiuser interactive application being executed by the skill competition wagering system. In some embodiments, the number of symbol display portions includes two starting symbol display portions and three subsequent symbol display portions. 
     Each user interface visual presentation further includes a user credit display portion, such as user credit display portion  1906 , for displaying a number of credits allocated to the respective user, a user credit won display portion, such as user credit won display portion  1908 , for displaying credits won by the respective user, an amount of credits wagered portion, such as amount of credits wagered portion  1910 , for indicating an amount of credits that the respective user is wagering, and a selector display portion, such as selector display portion  1912 , for displaying instructions to the respective user and well as for indicating where on the user interface the user is to interact with the multiuser interactive application generating the visual presentation to grab or select a symbol, such as a virtual button or the like. 
     In some embodiments, the selector display portion includes a physical button, switch or the like as part of the user input devices of the interactive controller that a user uses to grab or select a symbol. 
     Each user interface visual presentation further includes a currently winning display portion, such as currently winning display portion  1918 , for displaying a currently winning icon to a user who is currently winning a stage of the competitive skill proposition presented by the multi-user interactive application of the skill competition wagering system. 
     The visual presentation of the user interface further includes: a symbol display portion  1914  for displaying symbols to the users collectively; and a pot amount display portion  1916  for display a value of an amount of credits that may be won by a user for winning the stage of the competitive skill-proposition presented by the multi-user interactive application of the skill competition wagering system. 
     The visual presentation of the user interface further includes a prize indicator  1922  that indicates a chance-based outcome of an amount of credit that a winner of a stage of a skill competition will earn. The amount of credit of the chance-based outcome is determined through the use of a random number generator and a paytable to determine the chance-based outcome for a wagered amount of credit. The wagered amount of credit is taken equally from respective credit balances of the two or more users. In some embodiments, the paytable is structured such that a minimum credit amount of the chance-based outcome is greater than or equal to the wagered amount of credit taken from a single user, whereby a winning user of the stage of the skill competition will be ensured of winning back at least their wagered amount of credit. 
     In some embodiments, the prize indicator  1922  incorporates a wagering process indicator that indicates that a chance-based wager has been conducted. The indicator includes a circular dial face and a spinner indicator that spins or rotates within the circular face. To indicate that a chance-based wager of credits has been made, the spinner indicator spins or rotates and comes to rest on an amount of credit that a user can win by winning a round of the competitive skill proposition. 
     In an embodiment, the visual representation of the user interface is for a competitive skill proposition that is a virtual poker game-style card game utilizing a set of symbols in the form of a deck of virtual cards where the virtual poker game-style card game is played by two or more users. Each user of the two or more users is provided with a starting hand of two virtual cards that are provided face up to the two or more users such that each user may see the hand of each other user. Additional virtual cards are provided face up in a center portion of the user interface such that each user may see the virtual card when provided. The virtual card is provided for a specified amount of time. User&#39;s compete with each other to add the virtual card to their respective hands to make the best poker hand that each user can. If a user wants to add the virtual card to their hand, they select the virtual card using a respective selector display portion of the user interface respective to that user. Each user may select virtual cards to add to their hand until they have five cards in their hand. The virtual cards are presented to the users until there are no more virtual cards left in the virtual deck. A winner is determined by which user has the best poker hand. 
       FIG. 23  is a sequence diagram of a wager and skill competition initiation process of a multi-user skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An interactive application  2000  executed by an interactive controller  2001  of the multi-user skill competition wagering system communicates data of a wager initiation request  2002  to a wagering subcontroller  2004  of a process controller  2006 . The wagering subcontroller, utilizing a metering subcontroller  2012 , decrements  2008  a wagered amount of credit from respective credit meters of one or more users  2010 . The wagering subcontroller executes  2014  a chance-based wager of the wagered amount of credit using a random number generator and a paytable to determine a chance-based amount of credit  2016  that is stored in an intermediate credit meter. The chance-based amount of credit is displayed to users utilizing the prize indicator  1922  of  FIG. 23 . 
     The wagering subcontroller generates  2018  a randomized set of symbols. In some embodiments, the symbols represent virtual cards in a deck of cards used to play poker. The wagering subcontroller determines  2020  and assigns two or more initial subsets of the set of symbols respectively to each of the two or more users without replacement. In some embodiments, the initial subsets of symbols include two set members representing two virtual cards in a user&#39;s initial poker hand. The wagering subcontroller communicates  2022  data of the randomized set of symbols, data of the initial symbol subsets, and data of the chance-based amount of credit to the interactive application of the interactive controller. The interactive application receives the data of the randomized set of symbols, the data of the initial symbol subsets, and the data of the chance-based amount of credit and generates  2024  a visual presentation using the data of the randomized set of symbols, the data of the initial symbol subsets, and the data of the chance-based amount of credit for presentation to the user. The visual presentation includes an animation of a wagering process that represents the determination of the chance-based amount of credit to be awarded to a winner of a stage of the skill competition utilizing the prize indicator  1922  of  FIG. 22 . The visual presentation also includes a display of each user&#39;s respective starting hand and a display of the chance-based amount of credit that the users are competing for as the pot amount displayed in the pot amount display portion  1916  of  FIG. 22 . The interactive application commands  2028  a display device  2029  to display the visual presentation to the users. The interactive application determines  2030  a ranking of the subsets of symbols associated with the users and commands  2032  the display device to display a highest ranked symbol subset icon in the user interface portion of the user, such as currently winning display portion  1918  of  FIG. 22 , with the highest ranked subset of symbols. 
       FIG. 24  is a sequence diagram of a wager completion process of a multi-user skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The interactive application  2000  determines  2036  a next symbol from the set of symbols and commands  2038  the display device  2029  to display  2030  the next symbol in a next symbol display portion of a visual presentation of a user interface, such as symbol display portion  1714  of  FIG. 16 . The interactive application continuously monitors user interactions  2042  with user input devices  2034 , such as a touch sensitive layer of a touchscreen of the user interface, to detect  2044  that a user has selected the next symbol for inclusion in the user&#39;s subset of symbols. 
     In some embodiments, if two or more users are utilizing the interactive controller, the interactive application does not accept any other user&#39;s attempted selection of the next symbol after the interactive application has detected that one of the user&#39;s has selected the next symbol, thus locking all of the other users out of the selection process. 
     In some embodiments, if the skill competition wagering system detects that there is a tie between users attempting to select the same symbol, the skill competition wagering system breaks the tie as described herein. 
     The interactive application assigns  2046  the selected symbol to the successful user&#39;s subset of symbols and communicates  2048  data of the selected symbol as an additional symbol for the user&#39;s subset of symbols. 
     In some embodiments, if the skill competition wagering system detects that there is a tie between users attempting to select the same symbol, the skill competition wagering system breaks the tie as described herein. 
     The interactive application determines  2050  a ranking of the subsets of symbols to determine a currently winning subset of symbols and commands  2052  the display device to display  2054  a highest ranked subset icon as described herein. 
     In various embodiments of a multi-user skill competition wagering system, the symbol set represents a deck of virtual playing cards, and the set of symbols are a deck of virtual playing cards including 4 suits (spades, clubs, hearts, and diamonds) with each suit having face values of ace, two to ten, jack, king and queen. In some embodiments, each subset of the set of symbols represents a virtual card hand held by a user. In various embodiments, each user can have at most five symbols in their subset of symbols, and the subsets of symbols are ranked based on the rules for evaluating poker hands. 
     In some embodiments of a multi-user skill competition wagering system, each user receives two symbols as the initial subset of symbols. Subsequently, the next symbol from the set of symbols is displayed to all of the users for a fixed amount of time and each of the users is allowed to attempt to select the next symbol to add to their respective subset of the set of symbols by being the first in time to select the next symbol. The process of presenting and selecting next symbols continues until the set of symbols is exhausted or each user has selected a specified number of symbols. 
     The interactive application determines that a stage of the competitive skill proposition is complete, either because the set of symbols to be presented to the users has been depleted, or that each user has filled their respective subset of symbols of the set of symbols. The interactive application then determines a winning subset of symbols by ranking  2056  each subset of symbols and determines a winning subset of symbols as the subset of symbols having the highest ranking. The interactive application of the interactive controller communicates data of the user with the highest ranked subset of symbols to the wagering subcontroller as data of a skill outcome  2058 . The wagering subcontroller receives the data of the skill outcome and determines  2060  credit allocations between the two or more users based on the data of the skill outcome. The wagering subcontroller decrements  2062  credits from the intermediate credit meter  2017  and allocates  2064  credits to the credit meters  2010  of the two or more users based on the credit allocations determined from the skill outcome. 
     In some embodiments, the interactive application determines that one or more of the users has acquired a specified number of symbols in their respective subset of symbols and then the interactive application deletes all but a specified number of remaining symbols from the remaining symbols in the set of symbols in a burndown process as described herein. The current stage of the competitive skill proposition continues using the specified number of remaining symbols until all of the symbols in the set of symbols have been presented to the users, or until all of the users have filled their subset of the set of symbols. 
       FIG. 25  is a presentation of a user interface of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Such embodiments are used to implement a rake-based competitive skill proposition where users compete to acquire a pot of an amount of credits wagered against each other by the users. The user interface  2100  includes a touch sensitive surface having a touch controller overlaying a visual display device having a display controller. The visual presentation of the user interface includes one or more individual user interface visual presentations, such as user interface visual presentations  2102   a ,  2102   b ,  2102   c  and  2102   d , provided for two or more respective users of the skill competition wagering system. Each user interface visual presentation includes a plurality of symbol display portions, such as symbol display portions  2104   a ,  2104   b ,  2104   c  and  2104   d , for a respective user. The number of symbol display portions is dependent upon a type of competitive skill proposition of an interactive application being executed by the skill competition wagering system. Each user interface visual presentation further includes a user credit display portion, such as user credit display portion  2106 , for displaying a number of credits allocated to the respective user, and a user credit won display portion for displaying credits won by the respective user. Each user interface visual presentation further includes a selector display portion, such as selector display portion  1208 , for displaying instructions to a respective user and well as for indicating where on the user interface  2100  the user is to interact with the interactive application generating the visual presentation when making a selection or grab of a presented symbol. 
     In some embodiments, each user interface visual presentation further includes an avatar icon, such as avatar icon  2110 , indicating an avatar that is associated with a respective user. Each avatar is associated with additional icons, such as additional icons  2112 , that indicate an avatar&#39;s damage level and a value of the avatar in credits. 
     The visual presentation of the user interface further includes: a symbol display portion  2114  for displaying symbols, such as symbol  2116 , to the users collectively, and a time remaining icon  2118  indicating a time remaining for a user to select a displayed symbol. 
       FIGS. 26 and 27  are illustrations of a process of a skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Referring now to  FIG. 26 , an interactive application  2204  of an interactive controller  2212  using services of the interactive controller commands a process controller  2214  to decrements  2216  credits from two or more credit meters associated respectively with two or more users. The interactive application increments  2218  two or more avatar prize credit meters  2208  associated respectively with the two or more players and increments  2220  a pot credit meter  2210  with the remainder of the with a portion of the credits decremented from the two pot credit meter  2210  with the remainder of the credits decremented from the two or more credit meters of the two or more players. 
     The interactive application initializes a competitive skill proposition by determining  2222  a size of a subset of symbols of a set of symbols and a specified sum of values associated with each symbol of the set of symbols. The interactive application also generates a user interface presentation  2224  in accordance with the competitive skill proposition. The interactive application commands  2226  a display device  2202  to display the user interface to the two or more users. The interactive application also generates  2228  a randomized set of symbols using a random number generator. Each of the symbols of the set of symbols has an associated value. 
     During operation, two or more users compete in the competitive skill proposition by competing to grab or select a next symbol to add to each user&#39;s respective subset of symbols, where the next symbol is included in a series of symbols taken without replacement from the set of symbols and presented collectively to the users. Each user attempts to fill their respective subset of symbols with symbols whose sum of their associated values is equal to or less than the symbol sum goal before any other user. 
     In an example embodiment, a set of symbols correspond to one or more decks of virtual cards having 4 suits (i.e. diamonds, hearts, spades and clubs), with each suit having a range of values (i.e. an ace, a 2, a 3, a 4, a 5, a 6, a 7, an 8, a 9, a 10, a jack, a queen and a king.) A sum of values may be determined from a subset of symbols, or user&#39;s hand, of the set of symbols by adding together respective values associated with each symbol, such as by evaluating an ace as a 1 or an 11, and evaluating each of the jack, queen and king as 10, and evaluating a 2 as 2 up to evaluating a 10 as 10. In one such embodiment, with reference to  FIG. 25 , a size of the subset or user&#39;s hand is four (as indicated by symbol display portions  2104   a ,  2104   b ,  2104   c  and  2104   d ), and a symbol sum goal is 21, as indicated by symbol sum goal  2105  and symbol current sum  2107 . 
     The interactive application determines  2230  a next symbol from the randomized set of symbols by selecting the next symbol from the randomized set of symbols without replacement, thus depleting the set of symbols. As each next symbol is selected, the interactive application generates a next symbol presentation and commands  2232  the display device to display  2234  each next symbol to the two or more users for finite period of time. The interactive application then continuously monitors user interactions  2236  with one or more user input devices, such as touch sensitive layer of a touchscreen  2200  of the user interface, to determine if a user has selected or grabbed the displayed next symbol as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, if two or more users are utilizing the interactive controller, the interactive application does not accept any other user&#39;s attempted selection of the next symbol after the interactive application has detected that one of the user&#39;s has selected the next symbol, thus locking all of the other users out of the selection process. 
     In some embodiments, if the skill competition wagering system detects that there is a tie between users attempting to select the same symbol, the skill competition wagering system breaks the tie as described herein. 
     If a user has selected the displayed symbol, the interactive application assigns  2238  the selected symbol to the user&#39;s respective subset of symbols and determines a respective sum of the subset of symbols and associates the sum with the user. The interactive application commands  2240  the display device to display  2242  the selected symbol in the user subset of symbols of the user that has selected the symbol. 
     Referring now  FIG. 27 , the interactive application  2204  evaluates all of the subsets of symbols of the two or more users to determine if a sum of a user&#39;s respective subset of symbols has reached the specified sum without going over. If so, that user is determined to be a winner of a stage of the competitive skill proposition. The winning user&#39;s credit meter is incremented  2248  using credits decremented  2250  from the pot credit meter established for the stage of the competitive skill proposition. In addition, for each other user currently using the multi-user wagering system, each of the other user&#39;s avatar&#39;s respective damage levels are incremented by decrementing  2252  the avatar&#39;s health. If a user&#39;s avatar has reached a maximum damage level, the avatar is determined  2254  to be destroyed and any credits associated with the destroyed avatar are decremented  2256  from the destroyed avatar&#39;s credit meter and incremented  2258  to the credit meter of the user who has won the current stage of the competitive skill proposition. The interactive application generates  2258  a presentation indicating that the user has won the stage of the competitive skill proposition and commands  2262  the display device to display  2264  the presentation. 
       FIG. 28  illustrates another user interface of a multi-user skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Such embodiments are used to create a house-backed competitive skill proposition where two or more users provide an amount of credits that are wagered against the house and a random number generator and a paytable are used to determine an amount of credits that user compete to acquire. The user interface includes a touch sensitive surface having a touch controller overlaying a visual display device having a display controller. A visual presentation  2300  of the user interface includes a prize indicator  2302  that indicates a chance-based outcome of an amount of credit that a winner of a stage of a skill competition will earn. The amount of credit of the chance-based outcome is determined through the use of a random number generator and a paytable to determine the chance-based outcome for a wagered amount of credit. The wagered amount of credit is taken equally from respective credit balances of the two or more users. 
     In some embodiments, the paytable is structured such that a minimum credit amount of the chance-based outcome is greater than or equal to the wagered amount of credit taken from a single user, whereby a winning user of the stage of the skill competition will be ensured of winning back at least their wagered amount of credit. 
     In some embodiments, the prize indicator  2302  incorporates a wagering process indicator that indicates that a chance-based wager has been conducted. The indicator includes a circular dial face and a spinner indicator that spins or rotates within the circular face. To indicate that a chance-based wager of credits has been made, the spinner indicator spins or rotates and comes to rest on an amount of credit that a user can win by winning a round of the competitive skill proposition. 
       FIG. 29  is a sequence diagram of a wager initiation process of a multi-user skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. An interactive application  2404  of an interactive controller  2412  detects user interactions  2418  with user input devices  2400  of the interactive controller. Based on the user interactions, the interactive application determines to communicate a wager initiation request  2420  to a wagering subcontroller  2406  of a process controller  2416 . The wagering subcontroller instructs a metering subcontroller  2414  of the process controller to decrement  2422  an amount of credit to be wagered from two or more credit meters of respectively two or more users. The wagering subcontroller of the process controller determines  2424  a chance-based outcome of an amount of credit using a random number generator and a paytable. The wagering subcontroller increments  2426  an intermediate meter of the metering subcontroller of the process controller with the amount of credit of the chance-based outcome. 
     The wagering subcontroller determines a competitive skill proposition by determining  2428  a size of a subset of symbols of a set of symbols and a specified sum of values associated with each symbol of the set of symbols. The wagering subcontroller also generates  2430  a randomized set of symbols using a random number generator. Each of the symbols of the set of symbols has an associated value. During operation, two or more users compete in the competitive skill proposition by competing to grab or select a next symbol to add to each user&#39;s respective subset of symbols, where the next symbol is included in a series of symbols taken without replacement from the set of symbols and presented collectively to the users. Each user attempts to fill their respective subset of symbols with symbols whose sum of their associated values is equal to or less than the symbol sum goal before any other user. 
     In an example embodiment, a set of symbols correspond to one or more decks of virtual cards having 4 suits (i.e. diamonds, hearts, spades and clubs), with each suit having a range of values (i.e. an ace, a 2, a 3, a 4, a 5, a 6, a 7, an 8, a 9, a 10, a jack, a queen and a king.) A sum of values may be determined from a subset of symbols, or user&#39;s hand, of the set of symbols by adding together respective values associated with each symbol, such as by evaluating an ace as a 1 or an 11, and evaluating each of the jack, queen and king as 10, and evaluating a 2 as 2 up to evaluating a 10 as 10. In one such embodiment, with reference to  FIG. 25 , a size of the subset or user&#39;s hand is four (as indicated by symbol display portions  2104   a ,  2104   b ,  2104   c  and  2104   d ), and a symbol sum goal is 21, as indicated by symbol sum goal  2105  and symbol current sum  2107 . 
     The wagering subcontroller of the process controller communicates  2434  data of the competitive skill proposition to the interactive application. 
     The interactive controller receives the data of the competitive skill proposition and generates  2436  an interactive presentation from the data of the competitive skill proposition and commands the display to display the interactive presentation. 
     During the determination of the competitive skill proposition, a user interface such as the user interface of  FIG. 25  is used to present the competitive skill proposition to the two or more users and to receive the user&#39;s selection or grabbing of the displayed symbols. Such a user interface includes a touch sensitive surface having a touch controller overlaying a visual display device having a display controller. The visual presentation of the user interface includes one or more individual user interface visual presentations provided for one or more respective users of the multi-user skill competition wagering system. Each user interface visual presentation includes a plurality of symbol display portions for a respective user. The number of symbol display portions is dependent upon a type of competitive skill proposition of an interactive application being executed by the multi-user skill competition wagering system. In some embodiments, the number of symbol display portions includes two starting symbol display portions and three subsequent symbol display portions. Each user interface visual presentation further includes a user credit display portion for displaying a number of credits allocated to the respective user, a user credit won display portion for displaying credits won by the respective user, and a selector display portion for displaying instructions to the respective user and well as for indicating where on the user interface the user is to interact with the interactive application generating the visual presentation. Each user interface visual presentation further includes a currently winning display portion for displaying a currently winning icon to a user who is currently winning a round of the competitive skill proposition presented by the interactive application of the multi-user skill competition wagering system. Each user interface visual presentation further includes an avatar icon indicating an avatar that is associated with a respective user. Each avatar is associated with additional icons that indicate an avatar&#39;s damage level and a value of the avatar in credits. 
     The visual presentation of the user interface further includes: a symbol display portion for displaying symbols to the users collectively and a time remaining icon indicating a time remaining for a user to select a displayed symbol. 
       FIG. 30  is a sequence diagram of another wager completion process of a multi-user skill competition wagering system in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The interactive application  2404  sequentially determines  2438  a next symbol from the randomized set of symbols without replacement, thus depleting the set of symbols. As each next symbol is selected, the interactive application generates a next symbol presentation and commands  2440  the display device  2402  to display each next symbol to the two or more users for finite period of time. The interactive application then continuously monitors user interactions  2444  with the user input devices  2400 , such as a touch sensitive layer of a touchscreen of the user interface, to determine if a user has selected or grabbed the displayed next symbol. 
     In some embodiments, if two or more users are utilizing the interactive controller, the interactive application does not accept any other user&#39;s attempted selection of the next symbol after the interactive application has detected that one of the user&#39;s has selected the next symbol, thus locking all of the other users out of the selection process. 
     In some embodiments, if the skill competition wagering system detects that there is a tie between users attempting to select the same symbol, the skill competition wagering system breaks the tie as described herein. 
     If a user has selected or grabbed the displayed symbol, the interactive application assigns  2446  the selected symbol to the user&#39;s respective subset of symbols and evaluates  2448  the user&#39;s respective subset of symbols to determines a respective sum of the subset of symbols and associates the sum with the user. 
     If a sum of a user&#39;s respective subset of symbols has reached the specified sum without going over, the user is determined to be a winner of a round of the competitive skill proposition. The interactive application communicates to the wagering subcontroller  2406  data of the winner of the stage of the competitive skill proposition as a skill outcome  2450 . The wagering subcontroller receives the data of the skill outcome and determines  2452  a credit allocation based on the skill outcome. The wagering subcontroller debits or decrements an amount of credit  2456  from the intermediate credit meter  2410  and credits or increments the winning user&#39;s credit meter  2408  an allocation  2456  of an amount of credits debited from the intermediate credit meter established for the stage of the competitive skill proposition. 
     The interactive application generates a presentation indicating that the user has won the round of the competitive skill proposition and commands the display device to display the presentation. 
     In some embodiments, for each other user currently using the multi-user wagering system, each of the other user&#39;s avatar&#39;s respective damage levels are incremented thus decrementing  2454  each other user&#39;s avatar&#39;s health. If a user&#39;s avatar has reached a maximum damage level, the avatar is determined  2460  to be destroyed and any credits associated with the destroyed avatar are decremented from the avatar&#39;s credit meter and credited or incremented to the credit meter of the user who has won the current stage of the competitive skill proposition. 
     While the above description may include many specific embodiments of the invention, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as examples of embodiments thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the invention can be practiced otherwise than specifically described, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention described herein should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.