Patent Publication Number: US-2021172180-A1

Title: Modular insert for a window well

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/979,264 filed on Feb. 20, 2020, entitled “MODULAR INSERT FOR A WINDOW WELL,” as well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/979,265 filed on Feb. 20, 2020, entitled “VEIL PRINTING PROCESSES FOR MOLDING THERMOPLASTIC WINDOW WELLS,” as well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/013,268 filed on Apr. 21, 2020, entitled “MODULAR STEP FOR A WINDOW WELL.” This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/713,875 filed on Nov. 19, 2019, entitled “WINDOW WELL,” as well as U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/713,876 filed on Nov. 19, 2019, entitled “WINDOW WELL EXTENSION,” as well as U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/925,759 filed on Jul. 10, 2020, entitled “LIGHTWEIGHT AND DURABLE WINDOW WELL,” which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/874,844 filed on Jul. 16, 2019, entitled “LIGHTWEIGHT AND DURABLE WINDOW WELL,” as well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/979,264 filed on Feb. 20, 2020, entitled “MODULAR INSERT FOR A WINDOW WELL,” as well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/979,265 filed on Feb. 20, 2020, entitled “VEIL PRINTING PROCESSES FOR MOLDING THERMOPLASTIC WINDOW WELLS,” as well as U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/013,268 filed on Apr. 21, 2020, entitled “MODULAR STEP FOR A WINDOW WELL,” as well as U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/713,875 filed on Nov. 19, 2019, entitled “WINDOW WELL,” as well as U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/713,876 filed on Nov. 19, 2019, entitled “WINDOW WELL EXTENSION.” All of the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     This disclosure generally relates to window wells and modular inserts for window wells. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to lightweight and durable window wells and lightweight and durable modular inserts for window wells. 
     Related Technology 
     A window well is one type of a building component that can be used to hold back dirt and other material from a window that is below ground level. A typical window well is embodied as a U-shaped wall formed out of metal. One purpose of a window well is to let natural light into basement windows, while also providing an access point for entry/escape, should it be necessary. Window wells are often attached directly to a building structure and are visible from both the inside and outside of the building structure. Additionally, window wells must be strong enough to hold back and retain backfill soils without deflecting. 
     Many window wells are made of steel or a similar metal, which makes them relatively heavy and difficult/expensive to transport. Additionally, metal window wells can be easily damaged during transportation and installation. Even after installation, a metal window well can be damaged. For instance, a window well can be impacted by other devices after the window well has been installed. When a damaged window well needs to be replaced, it can be an expensive and time intensive process to excavate and replace an installed window well. 
     Additionally, since the window wells are exposed to the elements, they can become corroded and rust (depending on their material composition). Even when not corroded, metal window wells can be somewhat unattractive. Furthermore, it is difficult to make a metal window well look like a natural material or be aesthetically pleasing. 
     Some window wells are manufactured out of plastic materials, which makes them easier to apply an aesthetic texture to. However, the improved aesthetics often come at a cost of sacrificing durability and strength. In particular, existing window wells manufactured out of current plastic materials are typically not strong enough to compete with metal window wells because the types of plastic that are suitable for injection molding or rotomolding (the typical processes used for manufacturing plastic window wells), for example, cannot be used to manufacture a layered or reinforced plastic material. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a window well that is durable, lightweight and visually attractive. Additionally, there is a need for improving techniques for repairing and replacing window wells. 
     The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practiced. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Disclosed embodiments relate to modular window well inserts composed of plastic and which are configured for being attached to existing window wells and which, is some embodiments, can be used to extend and/or repair the existing window wells. 
     In some embodiments, the modular window well insert has at least some fibers that are omnidirectional relative to the other fibers in the plastic. Additionally, at least some fibers of the long fiber reinforced plastic have a length greater than 5 mm. In some embodiments, at least some of the fibers of the long fiber reinforced plastic have a length greater than 20 mm. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the fibers of the long fiber reinforced plastic have a length of greater than 40 mm. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the window well insert is composed of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic. 
     In some embodiments, the modular window well insert is composed of fiber reinforced plastic and has a body having a plurality of ribs interposed between a plurality of wall surface portions. Additionally, each rib is positioned between two different wall surface portions and is defined by a variable height and a variable depth. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the wall surface portions have a variable thickness that varies from a minimal thickness of less than 3 mm to a maximum thickness of greater than 5 mm. It should also be noted that in some embodiments the wall surface portions are thickest near the ribs. 
     In some embodiments, the window well insert is configured in size and shape to be attached to an existing window well, having a matching width and depth of the existing window well. In some instances, the module well insert also has a recessed section that is sized and shaped to facilitate mating the window well insert to the window well. Even more particularly, the recessed section is sized to fit directly against a mating surface of the existing window well without having to deform either the window well insert nor the window well to facilitate the mating of the surfaces of the two objects. 
     Additionally, at least some embodiments herein relate to a method for repairing a window well. The method includes (1) removing the damaged portion of the window well while the window well remains installed and attached to a structure; and (2) replacing the damage portion of the window well with a modular window well insert which has a recessed section designed to mate with the window well while the window well remains installed and attached to the structure. However, in some embodiments, the window well is removed from the structure before the damaged portion of the window well is removed and replaced. 
     This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the teachings herein. Features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only illustrated embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail using the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary lightweight and durable window well. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a perspective view of the back of the window well of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a front view of the window well of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a back view of an exemplary lightweight and durable window well. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a right-side view of the window well of  FIG. 4   
         FIG. 6  illustrates a left-side view of the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a top view of the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a bottom view of the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a right cross-section view of the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates a close-up of the cross-section of the grooves and ribs of the window well of  FIG. 4 . Additionally, the dotted lines of  FIG. 9B  illustrate an alternate embodiment of the window well (i.e., a window well with varying wall thickness). 
         FIG. 10A  illustrates a right cross-section view of one embodiment of a window well with a reinforced top lip. 
         FIG. 10B  illustrates a detailed view of the cross-section of the top lip of the window well of  FIG. 10A . 
         FIG. 10C  illustrates a partial back view of one embodiment of a window well with reinforced attachment holes. 
         FIG. 10D  illustrates a detailed view of the reinforced attachment holes of the window well of  FIG. 10C . 
         FIG. 10E  illustrates a cross-section view of the reinforced attachment holes of the window well of  FIG. 10C . 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a partial cross-section near the terminal end of the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a partial cross-section of the centermost portion of the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 13  illustrates an exemplary acid-etched surface texturing that can be used for molds associated with the window wells of  FIGS. 1 and 4 . 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an exemplary laser-etched surface texturing that can be used for molds associated with the window wells of  FIGS. 1 and 4 . 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a male mold used to create the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a female mold used to create the window well of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the window wells of  FIGS. 1 and 4 . 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a perspective view of the back of an exemplary modular insert. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a perspective view of the front of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a top view of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a bottom view of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 22  illustrates a back view of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a front view of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a right-side view of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a left-side view of the modular insert of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a left-side view of the cross-section of an exemplary modular insert. 
         FIG. 27  is a close-up view of the region designated “ 27 ” in the cross-section view of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 28  illustrates a perspective view of the back of an exemplary modular insert that has slots and tabs. 
         FIG. 29  illustrates a perspective view of the front of the modular insert of  FIG. 28 . 
         FIG. 30  illustrates a perspective back view of the window well of  FIG. 4  with the modular insert of  FIG. 18  attached to the top of the window well. 
         FIG. 31  illustrates a perspective front view of the window well of  FIG. 4  with the modular insert of  FIG. 18  attached to the top of the window well. 
         FIG. 32  is a close-up view of the region designated “ 32 ” in the perspective view of  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 33  is a close-up view of the region designated “ 33 ” in the perspective view of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 34  is a close-up view of the region designated “ 34 ” in the perspective view of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 35  illustrates a perspective back view of the window well of  FIG. 4  that has one modular insert attached and another modular insert that may be attached to the first modular insert. 
         FIG. 36  illustrates a perspective back view of the window well of  FIG. 4  that has two different modular inserts attached to the top of the window well. 
         FIG. 37  illustrates a perspective back view of five stacked modular inserts and another modular insert that may be attached to the bottom of the stack. 
         FIG. 38  is a close-up view of the region designated “ 38 ” in the perspective view of  FIG. 37 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     As generally mentioned above, disclosed embodiments relate to window well inserts, also referred to herein as modular inserts, that are configured in size and shape to be attached to an existing window wells. 
     However, before describing the various embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the parameters of the particularly exemplified systems, methods, apparatus, products, processes and/or kits, which may, of course, vary. Thus, while certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail, with reference to specific configurations, parameters, components, elements, etc., the descriptions are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed invention. In addition, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing the embodiments and is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. 
     Furthermore, it is understood that for any given component or embodiment described herein, any of the possible candidates or alternatives listed for that component may generally be used individually or in combination with one another, unless implicitly or explicitly understood or stated otherwise. Additionally, it will be understood that any list of such candidates or alternatives is merely illustrative, not limiting, unless implicitly or explicitly understood or stated otherwise. 
     In addition, unless otherwise indicated, numbers expressing quantities, constituents, distances, or other measurements used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified by the term “about,” as that term is defined herein. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the subject matter presented herein. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the subject matter presented herein are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical values, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. 
     Any headings and subheadings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims. 
     Overview of the Lightweight and Durable Modular Insert 
     Embodiments disclosed herein relate to modular inserts (e.g., window well inserts) manufactured out of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials, as well as devices, systems and processes for repairing damaged window wells. The modular insert is also specially designed to improve functionality and aesthetics, particularly when compared to other window well repair options. 
     In some embodiments, the modular insert has a generally U-shaped body comprising of a plurality of ribs and wall surfaces. Each one of the ribs is interposed between two different wall surface portions. It should be noted that the ribs increase the rigidity of the modular insert while keeping the weight of the modular insert low. Additionally, the modular insert has substantially planar flanges that are used to securely attach the modular insert to a window well and the window well&#39;s corresponding structure. 
     In some embodiments, the modular insert is composed out of a thermoplastic material that is reinforce with glass fibers. The glass fibers are oriented in random directions (e.g., random directional or omnidirectional relative to other fibers in the material). Additionally, some of the glass fibers have a length greater than 5 mm. Furthermore, in some embodiments, some of the glass fibers have a length greater than 20 mm or greater than 40 mm. 
     In some embodiments, the modular insert has a varying wall thickness. More particularly, the wall thickness increases in the support structures of the modular insert. In other words, the ribs, which resist most of the torsion forces caused by the backfill soil, are thicker than the wall surface portions that are interposed (physically positioned) between the ribs of the modular insert. The varying wall thickness also allows material to be removed from areas of the modular insert which experience less torsion, bending and/or shear forces. 
     Technical Benefits and Advantages 
     The disclosed embodiments can be used to solve many of the problems that arise during the window well repair process. In particular, the disclosed embodiments are directed to modular inserts which facilitate the repair of window wells and to methods for repairing window wells. 
     For example, the disclosed embodiments allow a user to repair the damaged portion of a window well instead of having to replace the entire window well. More particularly, the disclosed embodiments allow a user to remove the damage portion (e.g., by cutting the damaged portion off) of the window well and replace the removed portion with a modular insert. Additionally, the modular insert can be installed to a window well while the window well remains attached to a structure. Therefore, a user will not need to excavate and remove the window well when small to moderate repairs are necessary. 
     It should be noted that since the disclosed embodiments of the window well have a uniform design (i.e., every rib is the same), a modular insert can be mated to any rib. In other words, the modular insert may be installed on the original top of the window well or any new top that remains after the damaged portion has been removed. Thus, a user can easily attach and install the modular insert at a variety of different points along the window well. 
     The modular insert also allows the height of a window well to be modified to meet a user&#39;s needs and preferences. For example, a 100 cm window well can be converted to a 120 cm window well by installing a 20 cm modular insert. 
     Additionally, the disclosed embodiments are directed to modular inserts composed of long fiber reinforced thermoplastic (LFRT). Manufacturing the modular inserts out of LFRT improves the strength and durability of the modular insert as compared to metal or other plastics. Furthermore, the LFRT allows the modular insert to be lightweight. Because of the improved strength and durability of the LFRT, the disclosed modular inserts are less likely to be damaged during delivery and installation. The modular inserts are also less likely to be damaged after installation because the reinforced thermoplastic is more resistant to impacts and general degradation. 
     Additionally, the disclosed embodiments have exceptional visual aesthetics. For example, the LFRT modular inserts are available in a wide variety of colors and textures. Therefore, a user can choose a color and texture that matches the color and texture of the window well that is being repaired or modified. 
     Overall, the modular insert provides a variety of improvements over traditional methods and devices for repairing window wells. 
     The Lightweight and Durable Window Well 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a lightweight and durable window well  100 . In  FIG. 1 , the body  105  of the window well  100  is a generally U-shaped wall. However, some embodiments have a body that is generally box or V shape. Furthermore, it should be noted that the body can be a wall of any shape that retains backfill soil (e.g., square, rectangular or circular/curve shaped). 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the body  105  of the window well has ten grooves  110  and eleven wall surface portions  115 . However, other embodiments include more or less grooves and wall surface portions. Further details on these grooves  110  and surface portions  115  will be provided later. 
     The lightweight and durable window well  100  also has substantially planar flanges  120  on each side. The flanges  120  are the portions of the window well which contact the structure and are disposed on distal or terminal ends of the window well  100 . The planar flanges  120  have attachment holes  125  which facilitate installation of the lightweight and durable window well  100  (i.e., facilitate attaching the window well  100  to a structure). 
     The attachment holes  125  allow the lightweight and durable window well  100  to be fastened to a structure using a screw or a bolt. The attachment holes can be placed every 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm or more than 30 cm according to needs or preferences. Additionally, the size and shape of the holes can vary to allow for a variety of fasteners. It should be noted that some embodiments do not include attachment holes. In embodiments without attachment holes, a user can add custom holes during the installation (e.g., by using a drill). 
     The attachment holes  125  also help in the transportation of the lightweight and durable window well  100 . For example, the attachment holes  125  can be used to align, stack or secure the window wells while the window wells are being transported. Additionally, more material/thickness can be positioned at the flanges  120  to increase the strength of the flanges  120 , while also reducing the amount of material in the rest of the window well, thereby reducing the overall weight of the window well. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a perspective view from the back of the lightweight and durable window well  100 . In  FIG. 2 , ten ribs  130  are shown. It should be noted that the ribs  130  increase the stiffness and strength of the window well. Additionally, each one of these ribs  130  has a corresponding groove  110 . In other words, the ribs  130  and grooves  110  are opposite sides of the same features (i.e., the groove describe the front/inside surface while the rib describes the back/outside surface of the same feature). Additionally, more details on these ribs  130  will be provided later. 
     The lightweight and durable window well  100  is also configured, in some embodiments, with one or more four directional indicators  200 . The directional indicators  200  facilitate proper placement during installation by helping a user correctly orient the window well  100 . The indicators  200  also facilitate proper orientation during storage and shipping. For example, in some embodiments, the window wells can be stored more compactly if all the window wells in storage have the same orientation. 
     The directional indicators  200  can be formed into the surface of the window well  100  (i.e., the indicators  200  can be molded directly into the window well  100 ). However, in some embodiments, the directional indicators are formed into the window well  100  after the molding process (e.g., through etching or stamping). In yet other embodiments, the directional indicators can be printed on the window well. 
     In  FIG. 2 , the directional indicators  200  comprise of a directional arrow and the word “UP.” In some embodiments, the directional indicators only consist of either an arrow or a word (e.g., the word “TOP” on the top portion of the window well). In some embodiments, the window well only has one directional indicator. However, in other embodiments the window well has two or more indicators. Additionally, the directional indicators can be placed on the front and/or back of the window well. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a front view of the lightweight and durable window well  100 . The lightweight and durable window well  100  has two tabs  305  and two slots  205  on the bottom groove  110  and rib  130 , respectively. However, in some embodiments, the window well has tabs on multiple grooves and slots on multiple ribs. Additionally, some embodiments have tabs on every groove and slots on every rib. It should also be noted that some embodiments have more than two slots and tabs per groove/rib. Additionally, some embodiments, have no tabs and/or slots (e.g., window well  400 ). More details on these tabs and slots will be provided later. 
       FIGS. 4 through 8  illustrate multiple views of a lightweight and durable window well  400 . The height of the body  105  of the window well  100  may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 30 cm to 35 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm or more than 200 cm. Likewise, the width (i.e., the distance between the two opposite planar flanges) and the depth (i.e., the distance from the front of the planar flanges to the furthest point on the back of the ribbing) of the body  105  of the window well  100  may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 0.25 m to 1 m, 2 m, 3 m or more than 3 m. 
     Additionally, the lightweight and durable window well  100  can be formed of different materials, such as a thermoplastic composite. It should be noted that the embodiment in  FIGS. 1 through 8  is made of long fiberglass reinforced polypropylene. 
     However, some window wells within the scope of the present invention are made of a different thermoplastic composite. For example, some embodiments use long fiber reinforced thermoplastic (LFRT) (e.g., fiberglass reinforced polypropylene, reinforced nylon, rigid thermoplastic polyurethane, polybutylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyphthalamide, or some other reinforced thermoplastic). Additionally, some embodiments are manufactured from a glass mat thermoplastic or a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Furthermore, it should be noted that other fiber reinforced plastics may be used if the material is suitable for high pressure thermoforming such as, but not limited to, sheet molding compounds, bulk molding compounds and other high-performance thermoset composites. 
     In some embodiments, the thermoplastic is reinforced using fibers, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers or natural fibers (e.g., hemp, flax, ramie). These fibers may have variable lengths, but preferably include at least some relatively long fibers having lengths of greater than the length that is generally suitable/desired for injection molding plastics (e.g., 6 mm to 10 mm). In some instances, the fiber lengths of at least some fibers in the window well are greater than 12.5 mm and, in some instances, greater than 25 mm. In some embodiments, the average length of the fibers ranges from 25 mm to 45 mm. In other embodiments, the average length of the fibers ranges from 45 mm to 80 mm. In yet other embodiments, the average length of the fibers ranges from 80 mm to 120 mm. Additionally, some embodiments have continuous fibers having lengths of many millimeters (e.g., greater than 150 mm). 
     In some embodiments, the fibers are oriented in random directions (e.g., random directional or omnidirectional relative to other fibers in the material). In other embodiments, the fibers are positioned substantially unidirectionally. Notably, the directionality of the fibers is specifically descriptive with reference to the orientation of a fiber with relationship to other fibers within the material as contained within the relatively flat portions of the molded material (e.g., not the curved or angular portions of the molded material where even unidirectionally positioned fibers will have alignments that are not parallel with other fibers in the flat portions (i.e., the wall surface portions) of the molded material). 
     In many instances, the reinforced thermoplastic is lighter and more durable to environmental conditions than traditional window well materials, such as metal and other plastics. For example, the reinforced thermoplastic material is more UV resistant and rust/corrosion resistant than traditional materials used to manufacture window wells. The reinforced thermoplastic material also performs well at low temperatures and has increased heat resistance. 
     Furthermore, the reinforced thermoplastic is more impact resistant than traditional window well materials. In other words, the disclosed embodiments can experience more torsion, bending and impact forces without deforming or cracking, as compared to traditional window wells. Overall, because of the high-quality and strength of the reinforced thermoplastic material, the lightweight and durable window well  100  has a longer lifespan than traditional window wells. 
     The design of disclosed embodiments also adds strength and durability to the lightweight and durable window well  100 . For example, the ribs  130  significantly increase the stiffness of the lightweight and durable window well  100 . In some embodiments, the ribs are only visible on the backside of the window well. In other words, the front of the window well is flat and does not have ribs. 
       FIG. 9A  is a cross-section side view of the window well  100  which illustrates a cross-section of these ribs  130 .  FIG. 9A  also illustrates a cross-section of the grooves  110 . As discussed above, the grooves  110  define the general shape of the ribs  130  of the window well  100 . It should also be noted that the grooves  110  and ribs  130  improve the visual aesthetics of the window well  100 . While the current embodiment shows ten ribs  130 , it will be appreciated that the window well  100  can include more or fewer than ten ribs. 
     The spacing between the grooves/ribs  110 ,  130  can also vary to accommodate different needs and preferences (e.g., 5-10 cm), or less (e.g., 4-6 cm or less) or more (e.g., 10-12 cm or more). In some embodiments, the distance between the grooves/ribs is different within the same window well. For example, one distance between the grooves/ribs is 5 cm, while the next distance between the grooves/ribs is 15 cm. 
     Additionally, as discussed above, the body of the window well  100  includes a plurality of wall surface portions which surround each groove  110 . However, in some embodiments, there is only one wall surface portion (i.e., there are no grooves). The wall surface portion may vary in height to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm or more than 60 cm. Additionally, in some embodiments the wall surface portions follow the curvature of the body of the window well. However, the depth of the wall surface portion may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 10 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm or more than 100 cm. 
       FIG. 9B  includes a close-up view of the grooves  110  and the ribs  130 . It should be noted that the height of the groove  110  is defined by a greatest open latitudinal space within the groove  110  at any corresponding point in the groove  110  (i.e., the distance between the top of the groove and the bottom of the groove at the front surface of the window well). Similarly, the depth of the groove  110  is defined by a greatest longitudinal distance in the groove  110 , as measured from a flat surface of the window well to the most interior portion of the groove  110 . 
     In some embodiments, the wall thickness varies. For example,  FIG. 9B  illustrates both a wall  905  with a constant thickness and, in dashed lines, a wall  910  with varying thickness. In some instances, the wall thickness varies from 3-4 mm (furthest from the ribs) to 6-7 mm (nearest the ribs). It should be noted that positioning more material/thickness at the ribs increases the strength of the window well, while also reducing the amount of material between the ribs to thereby reduce the overall weight of the window well. 
     Although  FIG. 9B  illustrates the wall  910  expanding outwards, in some embodiments the wall expands inwards. In other words, in some embodiments, the height and depth of the grooves decrease as the wall expands. Additionally, in some embodiment, the wall thickness changes more dramatically. For example, the wall thickness can vary from 1-3 mm (furthest from the ribs) to 7-8 mm (nearest the ribs). 
     Additionally, in some embodiments the top lip of the window well is reinforced. For example,  FIGS. 10A and 10B  illustrate one embodiment of a window well with a reinforced (i.e., thicker) top lip  1005 . The reinforced top lip  1005  protects the window well from impact damage during transportation and installation. Additionally, the reinforced top lip  1005  increases the overall durability of the window well. In some embodiments, the reinforced top lip  1005  is 20% to 100% thicker than the non-reinforced portions (i.e., the regular wall thickness). Additionally, in some embodiments, the reinforced top lip  1005  is 40% to 60% thicker than the non-reinforced portions and even more preferably 50% thicker. However, in some instances the reinforced lip  1005  is less than 20% thicker or more than 100% thicker than the non-reinforced portions. 
     In some embodiments, the region around the attachment holes can also be reinforced. For example,  FIGS. 10C, 10D and 10E  illustrate one embodiment of a window well with reinforced (i.e., thicker) regions  1010  that surround the attachment holes  125 . The reinforced regions  1010  (i.e., the wall immediately surrounding the attachment holes  125 ) are 20% to 100% thicker than non-reinforced regions. Additionally, in some embodiments, the reinforced regions  1010  are 40% to 60% thicker than the non-reinforced regions and even more preferably 50% thicker. However, in some instances the reinforced regions  1010  are less than 20% thicker or more than 100% thicker than the non-reinforced regions. 
     In some instances, the grooves  110  vary in height and depth throughout their length and may have different dimensions as described below. In the illustrated embodiment, the grooves  110  expand from the center (i.e., the position between the two outer edges of the window well) of the groove  110  (see  FIG. 12 ) to the terminating ends of the groove  110  (see  FIG. 11 , which is a cross-section near but not at a terminating end). 
     This configuration can increase the strength of the ribs  130  and improve the molding of the window wells. The variability in height of the grooves  110  may be greater than 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm or more than 6 mm, from a smallest height dimension to a greatest height dimension, of the variable height along a single groove  110  length. In some embodiments, the variability in depth may be greater than 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm or more than 6 mm, from a smallest depth dimension to a greatest depth dimension, of the variable depth along a single groove  110  length. 
     However, in some embodiments the grooves  110  maintain a constant height and depth throughout their length. In other words, the cross-section would remain the same throughout the window well&#39;s entire length. 
     Additionally, the varying height, depth and shape of the grooves  110  and ribs  130  improves the stacking ability of the window wells. The wall angles of the window wells also improve the stacking ability of the window wells. Therefore, the amount of window wells that can be transported on a single pallet is increased. In some embodiments, the ribs  130  of the lightweight and durable window well are manufactured with draft angles which prevent the window wells from binding together when stacked. Therefore, the draft angles of the ribs  130  facilitate the unpacking of window wells from a pallet. The increase efficiency in the packing, transporting and unpacking of the window wells can significantly reduce manufacturing and shipping costs. 
     In some alternative embodiments, the grooves maintain a constant height and/or depth. For instance, the fixed depth may be a depth of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm or more than 7 mm. Likewise, the fixed height may be a height of 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm or more than 7 mm. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the grooves have a flared portion  210 , see  FIGS. 2 and 3 , at the terminal ends of the grooves. More particularly, the height and the depth of the groove substantially increases at the terminal ends of the grooves (i.e., each groove expand more dramatically the last 5-10 cm of each side of the groove). In embodiments with flared portions, the variability in height of the grooves within the flared portions may be greater than 1 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm or more than 8 mm. Similarly, in embodiments with flared portions, the variability in depth of the grooves within the flared portions may be greater than 1 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm or more than 8 mm. However, in some embodiments, there are no flared portions at the end of the grooves. 
     In some embodiments, the flared portions have a fastening mechanism to facilitate stacking and transportation. For example, in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the flared portions  210  have tabs  305  within the inner rib surface (e.g., along the groove) and slots  205  along the outer rib surface that snap into a friction fit with opposing slots/tabs positioned on the opposing rib surface of an adjacent window well. However, in some embodiments, the tabs are positioned along the outer rib surface, and the slots are positioned within the inner rib surface. 
     Additionally, some embodiments without flared portions also have a fastening mechanism (e.g., a protruding tab—not shown) along the grooves and/or ribs. In other embodiments, stacked window wells may be held together using a friction fit between the grooves and the ribs. Some embodiments use both a fastening mechanism and a friction fit to facilitate the stacking and transporting of window wells. Overall, the flared portions of the grooves can improve the aesthetics of the lightweight and durable window well, as well as improve the stacking ability of the window wells. 
     The aesthetics of the window well may also be improved by applying a texture or pattern to the surface of the window well.  FIGS. 13 and 14  show examples of textures or patterns that can be added to the window well. More particularly,  FIG. 13  illustrates an acid-etched texture with a horizontal grain, and  FIG. 14  illustrates a laser-etched texture with a wave pattern. 
     The texture can be etched onto the surface of the mold and, thereby, into the window well when the window well is molded. The texture patterns can vary to accommodate different preference and structures (e.g., horizontal grain patterns, vertical grain patterns, wave patterns, symmetrical patterns and asymmetrical patterns). 
     In some embodiments, a fabric veil (not shown) is used to increase the realism of a texture or pattern. For example, the realism and natural look of a stone texture can be improved by applying a multi-colored veil onto the window well. To apply the veil to the window well, the fabric veil is inserted into the compression mold before the window well is manufactured. In other words, the fabric veil is positioned within the mold on top of the heated fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet. However, in some embodiments, the fabric veil is positioned within the mold below the heated fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet. Then during the molding/compression, the multi-colored pattern is embedded into the texture of the window well. The fabric veil can also be used to achieve other natural/organic looks such as wood, marble and granite textures. 
     This process of using a fabric veil can be particularly beneficial for blocking unsightly fibers and to provide more control over the final aesthetics that are presented as the exterior of the window well. Additionally, the texture minimizes minor blemishes that are caused by the molding/compression process. Overall, using a fabric veil can significantly add to the overall realism of the organic surface texturing caused by the mold (and/or subsequent acid etching or other finishing processes), which is typically difficult to achieve for thermoplastic materials, particularly those that are impregnated with fibers. The veil/fabric can also add additional strength and integrity to the final product. For example, the veil can increase the stiffness and durability of the window well. 
     It is noted that the use of veils/fabrics to provide a print through function, such as described above, have sometimes been used with thermoset plastics. But, they have not previously been used with molded thermoplastics, such as those described herein. 
     Manufacturing Process for the Lightweight and Durable Window Well 
     The lightweight and durable window well is manufactured using a two-part mold, and one or more sheets of plastic. In some embodiments, the window well is manufactured using one or more sheets of fiber reinforced thermoplastic. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates the male mold  1500  and  FIG. 16  illustrates the female mold  1600 . Both illustrated molds are made of aluminum. However, some embodiments may use molds of a different material (e.g., steel, composite). Additionally, in some embodiments, the molds have guide pins (not shown, but known by those of skill in the art) to ensure that the two molds align during compression. 
     In some embodiments, the molds are designed so that the window well has varying wall thickness. For example, in some embodiments the wall will be thicker in the ribbed areas and thinner in the non-ribbed areas. In other words, in some embodiments, the wall is thickest at the ribs and/or the portions of the wall near the ribs. In some instances, the wall surface portions near the ribs are thicker than parts of the wall surface portions that are furthest from the ribs, such as the wall surface portions that are centrally positioned between the ribs. 
     It should be noted that in order to create the ribs on the window well, the mold also needs to have ribbing. Furthermore, some embodiments require additional material (i.e., additional strips of reinforced thermoplastic) to be placed at the ribs of the mold. The varying wall thickness allows the window wells to be strong while also being lightweight. The varying wall thickness also allows the molding process to be more efficient, such as by allowing the fiber reinforced plastic (and particularly the long fibers) to flow through the mold more efficiently during the molding process. 
     In alternative embodiments, the mold is configured with ribs and spacing that cause the molded window well to have a uniform thickness throughout the body, grooves and/or ribs. Additionally, in some embodiments, the mold is configured to make a window well with a height of 2 m, 3 m or more than 3 m. The window well can then be cut to produce two or three window wells. For example, a window well with a height of 3 m can be cut into two window wells (e.g., a 2 m window well and a 1 m window well). However, it should be noted that the steps and methods for producing the window wells are the same or similar regardless of the size of the window well. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for producing the lightweight and durable window well. In the first step  1705 , fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets are heated to a relatively high temperature (e.g., greater than 250° F. and, in some instances, to above 300° F.). In some embodiments, the sheets of fiber reinforced thermoplastic are heated to temperatures of about 385° F. or, in some embodiments, above 385° F. prior to or during the compression. 
     When the sheets of reinforced thermoplastic are heated, the sheets loft up or expand from about 3.8 mm to a thickness of about 5 mm (e.g., greater than 10%, greater than 15%, greater than 20% or more than a 20% increase in sheet thickness). Using lofted sheets increases the quality of the lightweight and durable window well by allowing the thermoplastic to have increased flow once it is placed on the mold. 
     In the next step  1710 , the heated fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet or sheets are placed in the mold. If a fabric veil is being used, then the fabric veil is placed into the mold on top of the heated fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet or sheets. 
     In some embodiments of step  1710 , the fabric veil is placed into the mold before the heated thermoplastic sheet or sheets. In such embodiments, after placing the veil into the mold, the heated thermoplastic sheet is then placed into the mold on top of the veil. 
     Then, for both embodiments (with the veil placed over or under the thermoplastic sheet(s), the heated fiber reinforced sheet or sheets are compressed between the male mold  1500  and the female mold  1600  (step  1715 ). 
     In some embodiments, the window wells are molded and compressed with pressures ranging from 200 psi, or about 200 psi, to 900 psi, or about 900 psi, for a duration of between 30 seconds (or about 30 seconds) and up to 60 seconds (or about 60 seconds), and even more preferably within a range of between 300 psi and 800 psi for a duration of 30-60 seconds. Additionally, in some embodiments, the pressure is between 300 psi and 400 psi. In other embodiments the pressure is less than 200 psi or more than 800 psi. The duration may also be less than 30 seconds or more than 60 seconds. The compression causes the sheet or sheets of reinforced thermoplastic to take the shape of the mold. 
     During molding, the male mold  1500  and/or the female mold  1600  may be heated or cooled during the molding/compressing processes. In some embodiments, the molds are heated during some parts of the molding/compressing process and cooled during other parts of the process. However, in some embodiments, the molds are neither heated nor cooled. 
     In some embodiments, thermoset plastic (e.g., high impact polystyrene) is used for the lightweight and durable window well. In some thermoset manufacturing methods, the first step is to place a fabric veil into a male mold. However, in some embodiments, the fabric veil is placed into a female mold. Additionally, some embodiments do not use a veil. 
     After the veil has been placed into the mold, one or more fiberglass sheets are placed over the veil. In embodiments that do not use a veil, the one or more fiberglass sheets are placed directly onto the mold. It should be noted that neither the veil nor the fiberglass sheets need to be preheated for the thermoset plastic embodiments. However, in some embodiments, the fiberglass sheets are preheated to catalyze the curing process. 
     Once the veil and the one or more fiberglass sheets have been placed onto the mold, the veil and fiberglass sheets are vacuum sealed against the mold. Thus, the veil and fiberglass sheets are forced into the shape of the mold. In some embodiments, a vacuum bag is used to create the vacuum seal. 
     After the vacuum seal is created, a thermoset resin is drawn into the molding chamber. In some embodiments, the thermoset resin is pulled into the mold by the vacuum. Alternatively, the resin may be pushed into the mold using a pump. Additionally, some embodiments use both a vacuum and a pump. In some embodiments, the thermoset resin is heated before it enters the molding chamber. 
     Once the thermoset resin enters the molding chamber, the resin saturates the one or more fiberglass sheets and veil simultaneously and begins to cure. More specifically, the thermoset resin begins to harden and the polymer chains in the resin begin to cross-link with one another. During this process, the veil and fiberglass sheets are permanently bonded to the resin and to each other. Additionally, in some embodiments, the curing process is an exothermic reaction and does not require any external heating. 
     In some embodiments, the curing process takes less than 6 hours. However, in other embodiments, the curing process takes less than 24 hours. Additionally, the curing process can be accelerated by adding external heat. Thus, in some embodiments, the curing process is sped up using infrared lights or some other heating device. 
     Additionally, as discussed above, it should be noted that the window well may be formed from a single sheet of material. In other embodiments, the window well is formed, during molding, from multiple different sheets of material that are positioned adjacent each other on the mold and that are molded/compressed into each other during the molding process. 
     In other embodiments, the window well is formed, during molding, from multiple different sheets of material that are stacked or overlapped such that a portion of one sheet overlaps at least a portion of another sheet on the mold and that are molded/compressed into each other during the molding process. In other words, some embodiments require the user to place multiple heated sheets of fiber reinforced thermoplastic within the mold. This may be beneficial, for example, when a single sheet is not large enough to cover an entire mold and/or for facilitating the apportionment of additional material to the rib sections, by positioning/layering strips of additional material where the ribs are formed, such that that ribs are composed of stacked layers (2 or more) of thermoplastic material. 
     In some embodiments, the window well is also deflashed/trimmed after compression to remove any excess material (see Step  1720 ). However, in some embodiments the part may be molded to near net shape on all sides. Additionally, in some embodiments, the window well coloring is controlled by color pigments added to the plastic/fibers used in the reinforced thermoplastic. However, in some embodiments, the window well is painted after molding. 
     Modular Insert 
     The exemplary method in  FIG. 17  can also be used to produce a lightweight and durable modular insert. Thus, the modular insert can be produced from the same material that is used for the lightweight and durable window well, such as long fiber reinforced thermoplastic or long fiber reinforced thermoset plastic. For example, in some embodiments, the modular insert is manufactured from long fiber reinforced polypropylene. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least some of the fibers within the long fiber reinforced thermoplastic or thermoset plastic are omnidirectional and have a length greater than 5 mm. Similarly, some embodiments use thermoplastic reinforced with at least some fibers that have a length greater than 20 mm, 40 mm or 60 mm, or even 100 mm. 
     Although it is preferable to have fibers that are greater than 40 mm long for enhanced strength, it has been found that some of the benefits of the disclosed invention are also achieved using fibers lengths of less than 40 mm. The benefits of the disclosed inventions can even be achieved using fibers less than 5 mm in length in some instances. For example, it will be noted that using shorter fibers increases the flow of materials during molding. In some instances, the modular window well has different fiber lengths in different body portions. For example, the central portions of the body can have shorter fibers for increased flowability while the outer portions/edges of the modular insert can have longer fibers for increased strength. Additionally, in some embodiments, a fabric veil is used to give the modular insert a more realistic or natural look. 
     In some embodiments, the modular insert is used alongside a window well. For example, a modular insert can be used to increase the height of a lightweight and durable window well. Additionally, a modular insert can be used to repair a damaged window well. Further details on the installation methods of the modular insert will be provided later. 
       FIGS. 18 and 19  illustrate perspective views of a modular insert  1800 . The modular insert  1800  has the same general shape and design of the main window well, but with fewer grooves  1805 , wall surface portions  1810  and ribs  1815 . In the present embodiment, for example, the body  1820  of the modular insert  1800  includes two ribs  1815  and three wall surface portions  1810 . In other words, the body  1820  of the modular insert  1800  has a plurality of ribs  1815  interposed between a plurality of wall surface portions  1810 . Additionally, some embodiments of a modular insert may have more than two ribs, grooves and wall surface portions. Similarly, some embodiments of a modular insert may have fewer than two ribs (e.g., one rib), grooves and wall surface portions. 
       FIGS. 20 and 21  illustrate a top and bottom view, respectively, of the modular insert  1800  and illustrate the generally U-shaped body  1820  of the modular insert  1800 . However, some embodiments of the modular insert have bodies that are a different shape in order to match the shape of the lightweight and durable window well. In other words, the body of the modular insert can be a wall of any shape that retains backfill soil (e.g., square, rectangular or circular/curve shaped). 
       FIGS. 22 and 23  illustrate a back and front view, respectively, of the modular insert  1800 . Like the lightweight and durable window well, the modular insert  1800  has attachment holes  2205 , directional indicators  2210  and flanges  2215 . The attachment holes  2205  and the directional indicators  2210  facilitate proper placement during installation by helping a user correctly orient the modular insert  1800 . However, some embodiments of the lightweight and durable modular insert do not have attachment holes or directional indicators. 
     During installation, the attachment holes  2205  of the modular insert  1800  align with the attachment holes of a lightweight and durable window well (e.g.,  125  of  FIG. 1 ). In other words, one or more of the modular insert&#39;s  1800  attachment holes  2205  align with one or more of the window well&#39;s attachment holes when the modular insert  1800  is mated to the window well. Therefore, a user can mate the modular insert to a window well by inserting a fastener (e.g., a bolt or screw) through the aligned attachment holes and into any anchoring structure (e.g., house foundation or wall). 
     However, in some embodiments, the attachment holes of the modular insert and the window well do not align. Thus, in some embodiments, a user will need to add additional attachment holes (e.g., with a drill) that allow fasteners to go through both the modular insert and the window well. Further details on the fastening methods of the modular insert will be provided later. 
     In some embodiments, the modular insert  1800  also has a recessed section  2220 . One purpose of the recessed section  2220  is to facilitate the mating of the modular insert  1800  and the lightweight and durable window well. In other words, the recessed section  2220  allows the modular insert  1800  to be installed to a window well in a close sliding fit, with the surface of the recessed section  2220  biased directly against the surface of an existing window well. 
     The recessed section  2220  has a greater depth than the rest of the modular insert  1800 . It should be noted that the depth is measured from the front of the planar flanges to the furthest point on the back of the ribbing. In other words, the recessed section  2220  is not flush with the rest of the flange  2215  but instead is more towards the back of the ribbing. 
     In some embodiments, the recessed section  2220  is recessed by the amount necessary for the modular insert  1800  to slide in behind the window well. For example, if a window well has a wall thickness of 3 mm, then the recessed section  2220  would have an added depth of about 3 mm. Similarly, if a window well has a wall thickness that varies (see  FIG. 9B ), then the added depth of the recessed section  2220  would match the window well&#39;s variations in wall thickness. Therefore, the added depth of the recessed section  2220  allows a user to place a modular insert  1800  flush behind a window well without having to modify either the modular insert  1800  or the window well. 
     In other words, the added depth of the recessed section  2220  may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 1 mm to 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm or more than 7 mm. Additionally, in some embodiments, the added depth of the recessed section  2220  varies from 2-5 mm (furthest from the ribs) to 5-8 mm (nearest the ribs). 
       FIGS. 24 and 25  illustrate a right and left view, respectively, of the modular insert  1800 . They also illustrate another view of the recessed section  2220 . The height of the recessed section may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 2 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm or more than 25 cm. Similarly, the height of the modular insert may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 125 cm, 150 cm or more than 150 cm. 
     In some embodiments, the height of the modular insert  1800  in relation to the height of a window well may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from ½ to ⅓, ¼, ⅕, 1/10 or less than 1/10 of the height of the window well that is being extended or repaired. Additionally, in some embodiments, the height of the modular insert  1800  in relation to the height of the window well may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 75% to 60%, 50%, 30%, 25% or less than 25% of the height of the window well that is being extended or repaired. 
     Additionally,  FIG. 26  illustrates a left-side cross section of an embodiment of the modular insert  2600 . In some embodiments, the recessed section  2220  runs across the top of the modular insert  2600 . Thus, the modular insert  2600  may be installed and attached to the bottom of a window well, as oppose to the top of the window well. However, in other embodiments the modular insert has a recessed section on the bottom of the modular insert that mates to the top section of a window well. 
     In some embodiments, the modular insert has more than one recessed section. For example, some embodiments of the modular insert have recessed sections on both the top of the modular insert and the bottom of the modular insert. Thus, a user can attach the modular insert to two different window wells. 
     The modular insert can also be used to repair the middle portion of a window well. In other words, a user can remove the middle section of a window well (e.g., by cutting off the damaged portion) and replace the damaged portion with a modular insert. It should be noted that some embodiments of the modular insert are design to be attached at any rib. For instance, a user can cut off the top half of the window well and attach the modular insert onto the new top-most rib or half rib. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the modular insert does not have a recessed section. Thus, instead of using a recessed section to mate with the window well, the modular insert uses an interference fit and/or a friction fit to mate with the window well. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates a close-up view of a cross section of the grooves  2710  and the ribs  2705  of the modular insert  2600 . It should be noted that the shape and size of the grooves  2710  and ribs  2705  of the modular insert  2600  is the same as the shape and size of the grooves and ribs of the lightweight and durable window well (See  FIGS. 11 and 12 ). Thus, in some embodiments, each rib  2705  is defined by a variable height and a variable depth. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the modular insert  2600  has a body with a varying wall thickness. For example,  FIG. 27  illustrates both a wall with a constant thickness  2715  and, in dashed lines, a wall with varying thickness  2720 . Additionally, in some embodiments the variable wall thickness of the body is thicker at the ribs than the wall surface portion. More particularly, the wall thickness may vary from 2-5 mm (furthest from the ribs) to 5-8 mm (nearest the ribs). Additionally, in some embodiments the variable wall surface portions have a variable thickness, varying from a minimal thickness of less than 3 mm to a maximum thickness of greater than 5 mm. 
       FIGS. 28 and 29  illustrate a perspective view of another embodiment of the modular insert  2800 . In  FIGS. 28 and 29 , the modular insert  2800  has slots  2805  and tabs  2905 . More specifically, the modular insert  2800  has six slots  2805  (two not shown) on the top side of the top rib. Similarly, the modular insert  2800  has six tabs  2905  (two not shown) on the top have of the bottom grooves. It should be noted that the number of tabs and slots may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 or more than 20 tabs and slots. 
     The tabs and slots may also be placed on any of the grooves and/or ribs. Additionally, multiple grooves can have tabs and/or multiple ribs can have slots. In some embodiments, all of the grooves have tabs and all of the ribs have slots. The position of tabs and slots can also be switched. In other words, the tabs can be place on the ribs and the slots can be placed in the grooves. 
     When the modular insert  2800  is attached to another modular insert  2800  the tabs  2905  insert the slots  2805 . Thus, the modular inserts  2800  become interlocked with one another. In some embodiments, the slots  2805  and tabs  2905  create a friction fit (e.g., the tabs snap into place) when they interlock. Thus, a user does not need to use additional fasteners to install a modular insert  2800  to another modular insert  2800 . 
     In some embodiments, a lightweight and durable window well has slots that correspond to the tabs on the modular insert  2800 . Similarly, some embodiments of the lightweight and durable window well have tabs that correspond to the slots on the modular insert  2800 . Thus, the modular insert  2800  can be attached to a lightweight and durable window well using tabs and/or slots. For example, in some embodiments, the tabs of the modular insert  2800  snap into the slots of the window well and create a friction fit when the modular insert  2800  is attached to the window well. 
     In some embodiments, the slots and tabs hold the modular insert  2800  in place while another fastening method is added. For example, in some embodiments, the slots and tabs align the modular insert with the window well while backfill soil is placed behind the modular insert. Then, a combination of the backfill soil and the friction fit of the tabs and slots fastens the modular insert to the window well. 
     In a similar embodiment, the tabs and slots are used to align the modular insert with the window well, but do not create a friction fit. Instead, the modular insert is fastened to the window well by placing bolts or screws into the modular insert&#39;s attachment holes. Regardless of the fastening method, the modular insert can be used to repair or extend the height of a window well. 
     For example,  FIG. 30  illustrates a back-perspective view of a lightweight and durable window well  400  that has the modular insert  1800  attached. Similarly,  FIG. 31  illustrates a front-perspective view of the same window well  400  and modular insert  1800 . Furthermore,  FIGS. 32, 33 and 34  illustrate close-up views of the small seam between the modular insert  1800  and the window well  400 . In some embodiments, when a modular insert  1800  is mated to a window well  400 , the insert  1800  and the window well  400  create an almost seamless extended window well. In other words, a user would not be able to easily identify where the window well  400  ends and where the modular insert  1800  begins. 
     In some embodiments, multiple modular inserts may be attached to the window well. For example,  FIG. 35  illustrates an example of a window well  400  configured with one attached modular insert  3500  positioned in attachment with the window well  400 . Additionally,  FIG. 35  illustrates a modular insert  1800  that may be attached to the middle modular insert  3500 . It should be noted that the middle modular insert  3500  has a taller recessed section  3505  than the top modular insert&#39;s  1800  recessed section  2220 . 
       FIG. 36  illustrates an example of a window well  400  configured with two attached modular inserts,  1800  and  3500 , positioned in attachment with the window well  400 . More particularly, the bottom of the modular insert  1800  is attached to the top of the modular insert  3500 . Similarly, the bottom of the modular insert  3500  is attached to the top of the window well  400 . It should be noted that a modular insert may also be attached to the bottom of the window well  400 . Overall, the modular inserts allow for a high level of customizability and allows a user to adjust the height of a window well to his or her needs or preferences. 
     Additionally, the height of the window well  400  is reflected by the bracket  3615 . Similarly, the height of the modular insert  3500  is reflected by the bracket  3610 , and the height of the modular insert  1800  is reflected by the bracket  3605 . It should be noted that the window well  400  and the modular insert  3500  overlap by the amount indicated by bracket  3625 . Similarly, the middle modular insert  3500  and the top modular insert  1800  overlap by the amount indicated by bracket  3620 . 
     As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the attachment holes (e.g.,  125  of  FIG. 1 ) in the flanges (e.g.,  120  of  FIG. 1 ), line up with each of the modular inserts and/or the window well, when they are nested/placed together in the configuration shown, so as to further facilitate their installation in an aligned and correct fashion. However, in some embodiments, the attachment holes of the window well and the modular inserts do not line up. 
     The amount of overlap between a window well and a modular insert may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 3 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm or more than 30 cm. Similarly, the amount of overlap between one modular insert and a different modular insert may vary to accommodate different needs and preferences, from 3 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm or more than 30 cm. 
     For example, in  FIG. 36 , the bottom portion of the bottom groove of the modular insert  1800  overlaps with the top ridge of the modular insert  3500 . In other words, the modular inserts,  1800  and  3500 , have about 4 cm of overlap (see bracket  3620 ). Similarly, the second to bottom groove of the modular insert  3500  overlaps with the top ridge of the window well  400 . However, unlike the overlap of modular inserts  1800  and  3500 , the bottom groove of the modular insert  3500  also overlaps with the top groove of the window well  400 . In other words, the modular insert  3500  and the window well  400  have about 12 cm of overlap (see bracket  3625 ). 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, a modular insert and a window well have two or more grooves that overlap. Similarly, in some embodiments, a modular insert and a different modular insert have two or more grooves that overlap. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the amount of overlap corresponds to the height of the recessed section. However, in other embodiments, the amount of overlap is greater than or less than the height of the recessed section. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, more than two modular inserts can be stacked on top of each other to further increase the height of the window well. In other embodiments, no window well is used. Instead, two or more modular inserts are combined to make a full-size window well. 
     For example, in  FIG. 37 , six modular inserts  3705  are stacked to create a full-size window well  3700 . Additionally, all the modular inserts  3705  are the same height and have the same amount of overlap with the adjacent inserts  3705 . However, in some embodiments, modular inserts of different heights are stacked together and have different amounts of overlap. 
       FIG. 38  shows a close-up view of the full-size window well  3700 . It should be noted that although the overlap of the modular inserts  3705  is visible from the back of the window well  3700 , the transition from one modular insert  3705  to another modular insert  3705  is inconspicuous from the front. In other words, a user viewing the window well  3700  would not easily notice that the window well  3700  is composed of multiple modular inserts  3705 . 
     Additionally, in some embodiments the modular insert can be attached and installed to a window well while the window well remains attached to a structure. For example, a damaged section of the window well may be cut off and replaced with a modular insert. In other words, in order to repair a window well a user can (1) remove a damaged portion of the window well while the window well remains attached to the structure, and (2) replace the damaged portion of the window well with a modular insert which has a recessed section designed to mate with the window well while the window well remains attached and installed to the structure. It should also be noted that the damaged portion of the window well can be replaced by two or more stacked modular inserts. 
     Additionally, the modular insert can be replaced without detaching the main window well from its corresponding structure. However, in some embodiments the window well or modular insert is removed from the structure before the damage portion is removed and replaced. Overall, the modular insert allows for easy and efficient repairs if the modular insert or the main window well is damaged. 
     Overall, the disclosed embodiments are directed to a lightweight and durable modular insert for a window well that greatly improves the ease and efficiency of repairing or modifying window wells over traditional methods. 
     Notwithstanding the foregoing descriptions about the benefits of plastic window wells, the functionality achieved through the modular inserts, including but not limited to the functionality of having nesting/mating structures for mating the modular inserts to existing window wells, can also be achieved using other materials including different types of metals, like steel and aluminum and other metals. 
     The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.