Patent Publication Number: US-11385723-B2

Title: Haptic information presentation system and method

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a haptic information presentation system and method, which uses sensory characteristics. 
     More particularly, the invention relates to a haptic information presentation system, a haptic information presentation method, a haptic presentation device of a haptic information presentation system, and a control device of a haptic information presentation system, which is for providing a man-machine interface mounted on an equipment used in the field of VR (Virtual Reality), an equipment used in the field of game, a cellular phone, a portable navigation equipment, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) or the like. 
     BACKGROUND 
     With respect to a conventional haptic device in the VR, in the haptic presentation of a tensile force or reaction force, a haptic presentation part in contact with a human sense organ and a haptic presentation system main body are connected to each other by a wire or an arm, and there has been a disadvantage that the existence of the wire, arm or the like restricts the human motion. Besides, since use is limited to an effective space in which the haptic presentation system main body and the haptic presentation part are connected to each other by the wire or the arm, there has been a limitation in the expanse of the space which can be used. 
     On the other hand, a man-machine interface which is of a non-grounding type and has no reaction base on the human body has been proposed. However, in this type of presentation device, the rotation velocity (angular velocity) of a motor is controlled so that a torque is presented by a temporal change of an angular momentum vector, and it has been difficult to continuously present haptic information of torque, force or the like in the same direction. 
     As a non-grounding type haptic information presentation device, a torque presentation apparatus using a gyro moment and a gimbal structure has been developed (non-patent document 1). However, in the gimbal structure, there are problems that the direction of a torque which can be presented is limited, the structure becomes complicated, and the control becomes troublesome. 
     On the other hand, a non-grounding mobile haptic information presentation device (non-patent document 2) has been proposed in which a torque in an arbitrary direction or with an arbitrary magnitude can be presented by independently controlling the rotations of three gyro motors arranged in three-axis orthogonal coordinates. In this haptic information presentation device, since the torque is generated by controlling a resultant angular momentum vector generated by the three gyro motors, the structure is relatively simple and the control is also easy. However, there are such problems to be solved that haptic information is made to be capable of being continuously presented, and a force sensation other than the torque is made to be capable of being presented.
     [Non-patent document 1] Masayuki Yoshie, Hiroaki Yano, Hiroo Iwata “Development of Non-grounded Force Display Using Gyro Moment”, Research Report Collection (Kenkyu Hokokusho) of Human Interface Society, vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 25-30 (2000)   [Non-patent document 2] Yokichi Tanaka, Masataka Sakai, Yuka Kohno, Yukio Fukui, Juli Yamashita, Norio Nakamura, “Mobil Torque Display and Haptic Characteristics of Human Palm”, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL REALITY AND TELEXISTENCE, pp. 115-120 (2001 December)   

     SUMMARY 
     Various deficiencies in the prior art are addressed by embodiments for haptic information presentation. 
     A haptic communication apparatus according to one embodiment is adapted to perform transmission and/or reception of information. The haptic communication apparatus comprises a haptic presentation device. The haptic presentation device is adapted to control a physical quantity utilizing a haptic sensory characteristic representing a relationship between the physical quantity to be applied to a human body and a sensory quantity to be perceived by the human body, and thereby to present haptic information. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The teachings herein can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a view showing a rough structure of a haptic information presentation system of an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 4A to 4C  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a hysteresis sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 5A to 5C  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a method of changing a sensory characteristic by a masking effect relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 6A to 6C  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a method of changing a sensory characteristic by a masking effect relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are schematic views showing a method of changing a sensory characteristic by a masking effect relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a method of controlling haptic information presentation in conformity with a change of a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIG. 9  is a view showing a haptic information presentation method using a method of controlling haptic information presentation in conformity with an anisotropic sensitivity curve change as a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 10A to 10D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense is used, and rotation of an eccentric rotator  711  is phase synchronized; 
         FIGS. 11A to 11D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method of a vibration sensation, a torque sensation, and a force sensation by suitably synchronizing rotation directions and phases of both an eccentric rotator A  812  and an eccentric rotator B  813 ; 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  are views showing a haptic information presentation method of a vibration sensation and a force sensation by suitably synchronizing rotation directions and phases of both the eccentric rotator A  812  and the eccentric rotator B  813 ; 
         FIG. 13  is an explanatory view in which both the eccentric rotator A  812  and the eccentric rotator B  813  are made one pair, and three such pairs are arranged in an orthogonal coordinate system; 
         FIG. 14  is an explanatory view of a sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied; 
         FIG. 15  is an explanatory view of a glove-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied; 
         FIGS. 16A to 16D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense is used, and rotations of both an eccentric rotator A  912  and an eccentric rotator B  913  are phase synchronized; 
         FIGS. 17A to 17D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense is used, and rotations of both an eccentric rotator A  1012  and an eccentric rotator B  1013  are phase synchronized in opposite directions; 
         FIGS. 18A to 18F  are schematic views of a method in which the presentation method of a force sensation using both the eccentric rotators shown in  FIG. 17A  is used to present a pushing feeling by oneself, an expansion feeling, a pressure feeling, a pulling feeling by oneself, a pulled feeling from outside, and a pushed feeling from outside; 
         FIG. 19  is an explanatory view of a skin-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied; 
         FIG. 20  is an explanatory view of a skin-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied; 
         FIG. 21  is an explanatory view of a skin-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied; 
         FIG. 22  is an explanatory view of a skin-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied; 
         FIGS. 23A to 23D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method in an arbitrary direction by using a method of changing a sensory characteristic by a masking effect relating to a haptic sense; 
         FIGS. 24A and 24B  are explanatory views of a gyroscope type and a resultant angular momentum vector differential type; 
         FIG. 25  is an explanatory view of a resultant angular momentum in an inertia coordinate system; 
         FIGS. 26A to 26D  are explanatory views showing a torque presentation method and an operation principle in the case where a cellular phone has a built-in haptic information presentation system to which the invention is applied; 
         FIG. 27  is an explanatory view showing that in the explanation of merits of three-dimensional torque presentation, when an arm is moved vertically, the posture of a torque presentation device is stabilized by the conservation of a turning axis like a vertical gyro in an airplane; 
         FIG. 28  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  2801  in which two facing eccentric rotators are made one pair and three such pairs are arranged in an orthogonal coordinate system; 
         FIG. 29  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  2901  in which the haptic presentation device  2801  is further improved; 
         FIG. 30  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  3001  in which the haptic presentation device  2901  is further improved; 
         FIG. 31  is a view showing another applied example of the glove-shaped eccentric rotator array  890  of  FIG. 15 ; 
         FIG. 32  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  3201  in which the haptic presentation device  2801  is further improved; 
         FIGS. 33A and 33B  are explanatory views of a pen-shaped device  3301  having a built-in haptic presentation device of the embodiment; 
         FIGS. 34A and 34B  are views showing a rough structure of a pen-shaped device  3301 ; 
         FIG. 35  is an explanatory view of a laser pointer  3501  having a built-in haptic presentation device of the embodiment and is a view showing a rough structure of the laser pointer  3501 ; 
         FIG. 36  is an explanatory view of a baton-type controller  3601  having a built-in haptic presentation device of the embodiment and is a view showing a rough structure of the baton-type controller  3601 ; 
         FIG. 37  is a view showing a rough structure of a modified example of the haptic information presentation method of  FIG. 11D ; 
         FIGS. 38A and 38B  are views showing a rough structure of another modified example of the haptic information presentation method of  FIG. 11D ; 
         FIGS. 39A and 39B  are views showing a rough structure of a modified example of a haptic presentation device  1301  of  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 40  is an explanatory view of a desk device  4001  having a built-in haptic presentation device of the embodiment and is a view showing a rough structure of the desk device  4001 ; 
         FIG. 41  is a block diagram of a haptic information presentation system of the embodiment; and 
         FIGS. 42A to 42C  are supplemental explanatory views of the pen-shaped device  3301  having the built-in haptic presentation device of the embodiment. 
         FIG. 43  is a separation example of a fixed portion and a stimulating portion. 
         FIG. 44  is a system overview. 
         FIG. 45  is an explanatory view showing types of stimuli presented by a stimulus presentation portion. 
         FIG. 46  is an explanatory view of a method (1) for separating a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 47  is an explanatory view of a method (2) for separating a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 48  is an explanatory view of a variation of a contact portion. 
         FIG. 49  is an explanatory view of a variation of the number of contact portions. 
         FIG. 50  is an explanatory view of a method (1) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 51  is an explanatory view of a method (2) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 52  is an explanatory view of a method (3) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 53  is an explanatory view of a method (4) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 54  is a variation (1) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 55  is a variation (2) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 56  is a variation (3) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 57  is a variation (4) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 58  is an explanatory view showing operation of a stimulus presentation portion. 
         FIG. 59  is a separation example of a fixed portion and a stimulating portion. 
         FIG. 60  is a system overview. 
         FIG. 61  is an explanatory view showing types of stimuli presented by a stimulus presentation portion. 
         FIG. 62  is an explanatory view of a method (1) for separating a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 63  is an explanatory view of a method (2) for separating a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 64  is an explanatory view of a variation of a contact portion. 
         FIG. 65  is an explanatory view of a variation of the number of contact portions. 
         FIG. 66  is an explanatory view of a method (1) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 67  is an explanatory view of a method (2) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 68  is an explanatory view of a method (3) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 69  is an explanatory view of a method (4) for bringing a stimulus presentation portion and a vibrator into contact with each other. 
         FIG. 70  is a variation (1) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 71  is a variation (2) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 72  is a variation (3) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 73  is a variation (4) of a stimulus presentation portion and a fixed portion. 
         FIG. 74  is an explanatory view showing operation of a stimulus presentation portion. 
         FIG. 75  is schematic views that explains the example of actuator; 
       eccentric motor. 
         FIG. 76  is schematic views that explains the example of actuator; 
       eccentric motor. 
         FIG. 77  is schematic views that explains the example of actuator; 
       eccentric motor. 
         FIG. 78  is schematic views that explains the generation of illusionary haptic sense; 
         FIG. 79  is schematic views that explains the sensory characteristic, physical property, and hysteresis; 
         FIG. 80  is schematic views that explains the sensory characteristic and masking method; 
         FIG. 81  is schematic views that explains the sensory characteristic and masking method; 
         FIG. 82  is schematic views that explains the sensory characteristic and masking method; 
         FIG. 83  is schematic views that explains the individual difference of sensory characteristic; 
         FIG. 84  is schematic views that explains the control method; 
         FIG. 85  is schematic views that explains the nonlinear control of physical property; 
         FIG. 86  is schematic views that explains the example of actuator; 
         FIG. 87  is schematic views that explains the example of installation method (for installing panel on fingertip); 
         FIG. 88  is schematic views that explains the configurations and example of installation method; 
         FIG. 89  is schematic views that explains the installation method (grip type and variation); 
         FIG. 90  is schematic views that explains the example of actuator (artificial muscle); 
     
    
    
     To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In view of the above, a first object of the invention is to provide a haptic information presentation system and method, in which in a conventional non-grounding man-machine interface having no reaction base on the human body and for giving the existence of a virtual object and the impact force of a collision to a person, a haptic information presentation mechanism using human sensory characteristics is realized, so that haptic information of vibration, torque, force and the like can be continuously presented in the same direction, which can not be presented only by the physical characteristics of a haptic presentation device. 
     Besides, when a physical quantity continues to be continuously presented in the man-machine interface, in case the performance of the presentation device is sufficiently high, the physical quantity such as the torque or force can continue to be continuously presented in the same direction. However, actually, the performance of the presentation device is not infinite, and in the case where the performance of the presentation device is not sufficient, for example, when the torque continues to be continuously presented, it becomes necessary to return the rotation velocity of the rotator to the initial state in one cycle of the presentation. That is, it is required that the integral value of the angular momentum vector of the rotator is made zero. In this case, the quite opposite torque or force is presented, and there arises a problem that the senses in the positive direction and the negative direction cancel each other out. 
     Thus, a second object of the invention is to provide a haptic information presentation system and method, in which human sensory characteristics are used, and in an operation of a haptic presentation device, even if a return is made physically to the initial state in one cycle, and a integral value of physical quantity becomes zero, a integral value of a sensory quantity does not become zero, and a sense can continue to be presented freely in an arbitrary direction. 
     In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the invention, a haptic information presentation system includes a haptic presentation unit having two eccentric rotators, and a control unit that independently changes a frequency and an intensity of a vibration and/or a vibration sensation by controlling rotation directions, a phase relation and rotation speeds of the two eccentric rotators. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention, a haptic information presentation system includes a haptic presentation unit having two eccentric rotators, and a control unit that independently changes a frequency and an intensity of a force and/or a force sensation by inverting rotation directions of the two eccentric rotators. 
     According to a third aspect of the invention, a haptic information presentation system includes a haptic presentation unit having an eccentric rotator array in which plural single eccentric rotators, and/or plural twin eccentric rotators each having two eccentric rotators, and/or plural twin eccentric rotators arranged in a three-dimensional space are arranged two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, and a control unit to control a rotation state of each of the eccentric rotators included in the haptic presentation unit. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a haptic information presentation system includes a haptic presentation unit having plural rotators arranged three-dimensionally, and a control unit to control a temporal change of a resultant angular momentum vector of the haptic presentation unit, in which the control unit generates a torque with a fixed value by abruptly changing the resultant angular momentum vector in the vicinity of zero, and controls a precession torque to be a specified value or less. 
     According to a fifth aspect of the invention, in a haptic information presentation method, when a haptic presentation unit having two eccentric rotators is controlled, a frequency and an intensity of a vibration and/or a vibration sensation are independently changed by controlling rotation directions, a phase relation and rotation speeds of the two eccentric rotators. 
     According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in a haptic information presentation method, when a haptic presentation unit having two eccentric rotators is controlled, a frequency and an intensity of a force and/or a force sensation are independently changed by inverting rotation directions of the two eccentric rotators. 
     According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in a haptic information presentation method, when a control is made on a haptic presentation unit having an eccentric rotator array in which plural single eccentric rotators, and/or plural twin eccentric rotators each having two eccentric rotators arranged on a same rotation axis, and/or plural twin eccentric rotators arranged in a three-dimensional space are arranged two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, a rotation state of each of the eccentric rotators included in the haptic presentation unit is individually controlled. 
     According to an eighth aspect of the invention, in a haptic information presentation method, when a haptic presentation unit having plural rotators arranged three-dimensionally is controlled, a temporal change of a resultant angular momentum vector of the haptic presentation unit is controlled, a torque with a fixed value is generated by abruptly changing the resultant angular momentum vector in the vicinity of zero, and a precession torque is controlled to have a specified value or less. 
     When the haptic information presentation system of the invention and the haptic information presentation method are carried out, special effects listed below can be obtained. 
     (1) It becomes possible to continuously or intermittently present the haptic information of the torque, force and the like in the same direction, which has been difficult in a conventional man-machine interface which is of a non-grounding type and has no reaction base on the body. 
     (2) By using human sensory characteristics and illusion, it becomes possible to present the haptic sensory-physical characteristics of the torque, force or the like, which can not exist physically, to a person. 
     (3) By using the human sensory characteristics, it becomes possible to present the haptic information efficiently while energy is saved, and a miniaturized haptic presentation system can be realized. 
     (4) In order to present a vibration sensation, a torque sensation, and a force sensation, a device corresponding to each of them is conventionally required. However, according to the invention, it becomes possible to simultaneously present one or more of the vibration sensation, the torque sensation, and the force sensation by one mechanism of the eccentric rotators, various haptic information can be presented, and the presentation system can be miniaturized. 
     (5) By carrying out the invention, it is possible to realize a useful man-machine interface, an interface between a robot and a machine, an interface between an animal and a machine, and the like, which can be mounted on an equipment used in the field of VR (Virtual Reality), an equipment used in the field of game, a cellular phone, a portable navigation equipment, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and the like. For example, in the field of the VR, the existence of an object in a virtual space or the shock due to a collision can be presented by presenting a force to a person through the man-machine interface or by giving a resisting force or reaction force. Besides, by mounting the interface on the cellular phone, portable navigation equipment, PDA, or the like, various instructions, guides and the like, which have not existed conventionally, can be realized through the skin of an operator. 
     (6) An eccentric rotator which is conventionally known and is used in a manner mode of a cellular phone or the like, the vibration intensity is increased by increasing the rotation velocity, and the vibration frequency and the vibration intensity have not been capable of being independently controlled. However, in the eccentric rotator to which the invention is applied, the vibration intensity of the eccentric vibration can be changed without changing the rotation velocity. By this, it becomes possible to independently control the vibration frequency and the vibration intensity. 
     (7) According to the sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied, by suitably controlling the rotations of the respective eccentric rotators, the vibration sensation, torque sensation, and force sensation of various patterns in space and time can be presented onto the palm. Besides, the sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array can be applied to a glove, clothes, or something having a wearable shape. 
     (8) According to the sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array to which the invention is applied, various haptic information relating to an object, such as the existence, shape, elasticity, texture and the like of a virtual object, can be presented by suitably changing a space portion of a force sensation in accordance with the movement of a palm or the like. 
     (9) In an inertia coordinate system, in the case where the temporal change of the resultant angular momentum vector is controlled, the easiness of the control is a great merit. That is, the resultant angular momentum vector is abruptly changed in the vicinity of zero, so that a large torque is generated, and a precession torque can be suppressed to be low. Besides, in the case where the torque presentation device sways according to the movement of the user and difficulty occurs, the resultant angular momentum vector is temporarily changed in the vicinity of the resultant angular momentum vector with a suitable magnitude, so that a specified torque can be presented while the sway of the torque presentation device is suppressed. 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 
     (Operation Principle 1) 
       FIG. 1  is a view showing a rough structure of a haptic information presentation system of an embodiment of the invention. 
     A haptic presentation device  112  is such that the rotation velocity of at least one rotator in the haptic presentation device  112  is controlled by using a control device  111 , and a vibration, force or torque as its physical characteristics is controlled, so that a user  110  is made to perceive various haptic information such as the vibration, force or torque. 
     Hereinafter, although the haptic information presentation system of the embodiment will be described with reference to  FIGS. 2A to 40  in addition to  FIG. 1 , before that, the outline of the block structure of the system will be described with reference to a block diagram of the haptic information presentation system 
     In  FIG. 41 , a haptic information presentation system  4101  includes a haptic presentation device  4110 , a control device  4120 , and an input device  4130 . The haptic presentation device  4110  includes therein at least one rotator  4180  rotated by a motor, and it is rotated by the control from the control device  4120 . A stepping motor, a servo motor, or the like can be applied to the driving of the rotator  4180 . The control device  4120  includes a CPU (central processing unit)  4160 , a RAM (random access memory)  4170 , a ROM (read only memory)  4140  and the like. 
     The CPU  4160  controls the whole operation of the control device  4120 . The RAM  4170  is used as a work area to temporarily store data of a processing object and the like when the CPU  4160  performs the processing. A control program  4150  is previously stored in the ROM  4140 . The control program  4150  is a program to prescribe the control processing of the haptic presentation device  4110  corresponding to the input signal from the input device  4130 . The CPU  4160  reads the control program  4150  from the ROM  4140  and executes it, and controls the rotator  4180  of the haptic presentation device  4110  correspondingly to the respective input signals. 
     The input device  4130  is, for example, a select button of an input menu. The CPU  4160  performs a processing (for example, the haptic presentation device  4110  is controlled so as to generate a torque in a specified rotation direction) corresponding to the input of the select button selected by depression, touch or the like. The input device  4130  as stated above may be united with the control device  4120  and made a part of the control device  4120 . 
     Alternatively, the input device  4130  is a device such as a well-known myoelectric detector to detect myoelectricity described later, or a well-known angular acceleration sensor. When a trigger signal of myoelectricity occurrence from the myoelectric detector, or a signal of angular acceleration from the angular acceleration sensor is inputted to the control device  4120 , the CPU  4160  feeds back the input and controls the haptic presentation device  4110 . The input device  4130  such as the angular acceleration sensor, together with the haptic presentation machine  4110 , may be included in the inside of the haptic presentation device  4110 . 
     Since a general processing method in which the CPU  4160  reads the control program  4150  from the ROM  4140  and executes it so that the control of the rotator  4180  of the haptic presentation device  4110  is performed correspondingly to each input signal, is well known for one skilled in the art through non-patent documents 1 and 2 and the others, the detailed description would be unnecessary. Accordingly, in the following, a description will be given to a processing method of the control device in the haptic information presentation system and the structure of the haptic presentation device, which are features of the embodiment. 
       FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B  are views showing the haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense is used and the haptic presentation device is controlled by the control device of the haptic information presentation system. 
     In a sensory characteristic  211 , a sensory quantity  213  thereof is often a nonlinear characteristic, such as a logarithm, with respect to a physical quantity  212  which is mainly a stimulus.  FIG. 2A  schematically shows a case where the sensory characteristic  211  is a logarithmic function characteristic. When consideration is given to a case where a positive torque is generated at an operation point A  214  on the sensory characteristic  211 , and a negative torque in the reverse direction is generated at an operation point B  215 , a torque sensation  224  is represented as shown in  FIG. 2B . A torque  223  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity (angular velocity)  222 . When an operation is performed at the operation point A  214  and the operation point B  215 , the torque sensation  224  is perceived. The torque  223  is physically returned to an initial state  228  in one cycle, and an integral value thereof is zero. However, a sensory integral value of the torque sensation  224  as the sensory quantity does not necessarily become zero. By suitably selecting the operation point A  214  and the operation point B  215  and by suitably setting an operation point A duration time  225  and an operation point B duration time  226 , the torque sensation can freely continue to be presented in an arbitrary direction. 
     The above is established also when the sensory characteristic  211  exhibits a nonlinear characteristic of an exponential function case or the like. 
       FIG. 3A  schematically shows a case where a sensory characteristic  231  has a threshold value. When consideration is given to a case where a positive torque is generated at an operation point A  234  on the sensory characteristic  231 , and a negative torque in the reverse direction is generated at an operation point B  235 , a torque sensation  244  is represented as in  FIG. 3B . 
     Similarly to the case which is shown in  FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 2B  and in which the sensory characteristic is nonlinear, a torque  243  is physically returned to an initial state  248  in one cycle, and an integral value thereof is zero. However, since the torque sensation  244  as the sensory quantity is the sensory threshold value or less in a section of an operation point B duration time  246 , it becomes zero. As a result, a torque sensation can continue to be intermittently presented only in one direction. 
       FIGS. 4A to 4C  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a hysteresis sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense. 
     The sensory characteristic is not isotropic between a time when a displacement  312  is increased and a time when it is decreased, for example, between a time when a muscle is extended and a time when it is contracted, and often indicates a hysteresis sensory characteristic  311 . The hysteresis sensory characteristic  311  of  FIG. 4A  schematically represents the hysteresis characteristic of the sensory characteristic. When consideration is given to a case where a positive torque is generated in an operation passage A  314  on the hysteresis sensory characteristic  311 , and a negative torque in the reverse direction is generated in an operation passage B  315 , these behaviors are represented as in  FIG. 4B , and a torque sensation  334  is represented as in  FIG. 4C . A torque  333  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity  332  of a rotator. When an operation is performed in the operation passage A  314  and the operation passage B  315 , the torque sensation  334  is perceived. The torque  333  is physically returned to an initial state  338  in one cycle, and an integral value thereof is zero. However, a sensory integral value of the torque sensation  334  as the sensory quantity does not necessarily become zero. By suitably selecting the operation passage A  314  and the operation passage B  315 , and by suitably setting an operation passage A duration time  335  and an operation passage B duration time  336 , a high torque sensation in an arbitrary direction can continue to be intermittently and continuously presented. 
       FIGS. 5A to 5C  and  FIGS. 6A to 6C  are views showing, as an example of a method of changing a sensory characteristic, a haptic information presentation method using a method of changing a sensory characteristic by a masking effect relating to a haptic sensation. 
     In the sensory characteristic, masking is performed by a masking vibration and a torque sensation  434  is decreased. As this masking method, simultaneous masking  424  (having satisfactory results in masking of the visual sense and hearing sense), forward masking  425 , and backward masking  426  are enumerated.  FIG. 5A  schematically shows a torque  413  as a maskee, and the torque sensation  434  perceived at this time is represented as in  FIG. 5C . The torque  413  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity  412  of a rotator. 
     At this time, an initialization time  415  in which the rotation velocity  412  of the rotator is initialized, and a masking duration time  425  corresponding thereto are shortened like an initialization time  445  and a masking duration time  455  shown in  FIG. 6A , and when it becomes shorter than a certain specific time, a critical fusion occurs in which although a negative torque due to the initialization physically exists, it is felt as if torque is continuously presented like a torque sensation  464 . 
     Incidentally, a masker to generate a masking vibration may be a rotator different from a rotator as a maskee whose torque is masked by that or the rotator itself as the maskee. 
     The case where the rotator of the maskee is also the masker means that at the time of masking, the rotator is controlled to generate the masking vibration by the control device. The vibration direction of the masker may be the same as the rotation direction of the rotator as the maskee or may not be the same. 
     The above can occur also in the case where the maskee and the masker are the same stimulus (in the case where the rotator of the maskee is also the masker).  FIGS. 7A and 7B  are views schematically showing this case. As shown in  FIG. 7B , before and after high torque sensations  485  and  486 , a torque sensation  484  is decreased by forward masking  485  and backward masking  486 . 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a method of controlling haptic information presentation in conformity with changes of sensory characteristics relating to a haptic sense. 
     With respect to the sensory characteristic, the sensitivity of a torque sensation  517  is changed according to a muscle tensile state or at least one state of physical, physiological and psychological states. For example, when a muscle is instantaneously expanded by a presented torque  514  (high torque  524  in a short time) as an external force, a sensor called a muscle spindle in the muscle senses this, and the muscle is quickly contracted in a conditioned reflex way by a muscle cause torque  515  (muscle reflex cause torque  525 ) having power not lower than this external force. At this time, myoelectricity  511  is generated. A control circuit  512  having detected it controls a haptic presentation device  513 , and changes the sensitivity of the torque sensation  517  by activating a presentation torque  516  (gentle middle torque  526 ) in synchronization with the contraction of the muscle. 
     The above is established not only in the muscle tensile state but also in the case of the change of sensory sensitivity due to at least one state of breath, posture and neural firing states. 
       FIG. 9  shows a haptic information presentation method using a method of correcting a presentation physical quantity according to a relation between the presentation physical quantity and a sensory quantity with respect to a palm direction and relating to a haptic sense. In the palm, the sensitivity is different according to the palm direction because of the anatomical structure of a skeleton, joint, tendon, muscle and the like. The direction presentation with high precision becomes possible by correcting the intensity (rotation velocity w  612 ) of the presentation physical quantity in conformity with the sensitivity (anisotropic sensitivity curve  611 ) dependent on the palm direction. 
       FIGS. 10A to 10D  are explanatory views of an eccentric rotator which can be applied to the rotator of the haptic presentation device of the embodiment, and are views showing a haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense is used, and the rotation of an eccentric rotator  711  is phase synchronized as in  FIG. 10B . 
       FIG. 10C  schematically shows a case where a sensory characteristic  731  is a logarithmic function characteristic, and the sensory characteristic  731  indicates that similarly to the sensory characteristic  211 , a sensory quantity  733  has a nonlinear characteristic of a logarithm or the like with respect to a physical quantity  732  as a stimulus. When consideration is given to a case where a positive torque is generated at an operation point A  734  on the sensory characteristic  731  (vibration is also generated by the eccentricity of the eccentric rotator  711 ), and a negative torque in the reverse direction is generated at an operation point B  735 , a torque sensation  744  is represented as in  FIG. 10D . A torque  743  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity  742  of the rotator. When an operation is performed at the operation point A  734  and the operation point B  735 , the torque sensation  744  is perceived. The torque  743  is physically returned to an initial state  748  in one cycle, and an integral value thereof is zero. However, the sensory integral value of the torque sensation  744  as the sensory quantity does not necessarily become zero. By suitably selecting the operation point A  734  and the operation point B  735 , and by suitably setting an operation point A duration time  745  and an operation point B duration time  746 , the torque sensation can continue to be freely presented in an arbitrary direction. 
     The above is established also when the sensory characteristic  731  exhibits nonlinear characteristics of an exponential function case or the like. Also in the case where the sensory characteristic  731  of  FIG. 10C  has a threshold value as in the sensory characteristic  231  of  FIG. 3A , a torque sensation similar to that of  FIG. 3B  occurs, and a torque sensation can continue to be intermittently presented only in one direction. 
       FIGS. 11A to 11D  are explanatory views of an eccentric rotator applicable to the rotator of the haptic presentation device of the embodiment, and is a view showing a haptic information presentation method of a vibration sensation, torque sensation, and force sensation by suitable synchronization of rotation directions and phases of both an eccentric rotator A  812  and an eccentric rotator B  813 . 
       FIG. 11B  schematically shows a case where both the eccentric rotator A  812  and the eccentric rotator B  813  of  FIG. 11A  are synchronously rotated in the same direction. As a result of the synchronous rotation, the eccentric rotations are combined.  FIG. 11C  schematically shows a case where both the eccentric rotator A  812  and the eccentric rotator B  813  of  FIG. 11A  are synchronously rotated with a phase delay of 180 degrees and in the same direction. As a result of the synchronous rotation, the torque rotation without eccentricity can be formed. 
       FIG. 11D  schematically shows a case where both the eccentric rotator A  812  and the eccentric rotator B  813  of  FIG. 11A  are synchronously rotated in the opposite directions. As a result of the synchronous rotation in the opposite directions, a force to linearly generate simple harmonic oscillations in an arbitrary direction can be synthesized. 
       FIG. 12A  is a view showing a method of changing a vibration intensity of an eccentric vibration by suitably synchronizing the rotation directions and phases of both the eccentric rotator A  822  and the eccentric rotator B  823  in  FIG. 11B . A phase difference (for example, a phase difference 0°  851 , a phase difference 90°  852 , a phase difference 180°  853 ) of rotations of both the eccentric rotator A  822  and the eccentric rotator B  823  is adjusted, and resultant barycenters ( 854 ,  855 ,  856 ) of the two eccentric rotators, and barycenter moment lengths ( 857 ,  858 ,  859 ) between the rotation centers of the rotators and the resultant barycenters are suitably changed, so that the vibration intensity of the eccentric vibration can be changed without changing the rotation velocities of the eccentric rotators ( 822 ,  823 ). By this, the vibration frequency and the vibration intensity can be independently controlled. 
     On the other hand, in an eccentric rotator used in a manner mode of a cellular phone or the like, the vibration intensity is increased by increasing the rotation velocity, and the vibration frequency and the vibration intensity can not be independently controlled. 
       FIG. 12B  is a view showing a method in which the rotation directions of both the eccentric rotator A  842  and the eccentric rotator B  843  in  FIG. 11D  are suitably inverted, so that the intensity of a force and/or a force sensation and the intensity of a vibration and/or a vibration sensation are changed. By inverting the rotation direction in suitable phases (for example, phase 0°  861 , phase 45°  862 , phase 90°  863 , phase 135°  864 , phase 180°  865 ) of both the eccentric rotator A  842  and the eccentric rotator B  843 , amplitudes ( 866 ,  867 ) of vibrations are suitably changed, and the intensity of a force and/or a force sensation can be made variable without changing the rotation velocities of the eccentric rotators ( 842 ,  843 ). By this, the frequency and the intensity of the force and/or the force sensation can be independently controlled. 
     In the description of  FIGS. 11A to 11D, 12A, and 12B , although the rotation axes of both the eccentric rotators are represented on the same axis, it is not inevitable that they are on the same axis, and the rotation axes have only to be parallel to each other, inclusive of the case where they are on the same axis. 
       FIG. 13  is a view showing a haptic presentation device  1301  in which both the eccentric rotator A  812  and the eccentric rotator B  813  are made one pair and three such pairs are arranged in an orthogonal coordinate system. Reference numeral  1310  in the drawing denotes an eccentric rotator; and  1311 , a motor to drive it. By arranging the plural eccentric rotators in the three-dimensional space, the vibration sensation, the torque sensation, and the force sensation shown in  FIG. 11B  to  FIG. 11D  can be presented in an arbitrary three-dimensional direction. The arrangement of the orthogonal coordinate system is an example for presentation in the three-dimensional direction. 
     Applied Example 1 
       FIG. 14  is a view showing a sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array  880  in which one of the eccentric rotator  711  of  FIG. 10A , the twin eccentric rotator  811  of  FIG. 11A , and the twin eccentric rotator arranged in the three-dimensional space of  FIG. 13  is arranged like a sheet in a two-dimensional plane. A practicing method of a drive portion of the twin eccentric rotator may be a molecular motor or a piezoelectric element, and anything may be used as long as an objective physical quantity can be presented. 
       FIG. 15  is a view showing a glove-shaped eccentric rotator array  890  in which the sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array  880  is formed into a glove shape. By suitably controlling the rotation of each eccentric rotator, the vibration sensation, torque sensation, and force sensation of various patterns in space and time can be presented onto a palm. 
     Incidentally, the sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array  880  and the glove-shaped eccentric rotator array  890  are merely examples of the embodiment, and the embodiment can be applied to clothes and wearable haptic information presentation, inclusive of a case where the eccentric rotator array is three-dimensionally arranged. 
       FIGS. 16A to 16D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating to a haptic sense is used, and rotations of both an eccentric rotator A  912  and an eccentric rotator B  913  are phase synchronized. 
     Here,  FIG. 16B  schematically shows a case where both the eccentric rotator A  912  and the eccentric rotator B  913  of  FIG. 16A  are synchronously rotated with a phase delay of 180 degrees in the same direction. As a result of the synchronous rotation, the torque rotation without eccentricity can be formed. 
       FIG. 16C  schematically shows a case where a sensory characteristic  931  is a logarithmic function characteristic, and similarly to the sensory characteristic  211 , the sensory characteristic  931  indicates that a sensory quantity  933  has a nonlinear characteristic of a logarithm or the like with respect to a physical quantity  932  as a stimulus. When consideration is given to a case where a positive torque is generated at an operation point A  934  on the sensory characteristic  931 , and a negative torque in the reverse direction is generated at an operation point B  935 , a torque sensation  944  is represented as in  FIG. 16D . A torque  943  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity  942  of a rotator. When an operation is performed at an operation point A  934  and an operation point B  935 , the torque sensation  944  is perceived. 
     The torque  943  is physically returned to an initial state  948  in one cycle, and an integral value thereof is zero. However, a sensory integral value of the torque sensation  944  as a sensory quantity does not necessarily become zero. By suitably selecting the operation point A  934  and the operation point B  935  and by suitably setting an operation point A duration time  945  and an operation point B duration time  946 , the torque sensation can continue to be freely presented in an arbitrary direction. 
     The above is established also when the sensory characteristic  931  exhibits a nonlinear characteristic of an exponential function case or the like. Also in the case where the sensory characteristic  931  of  FIG. 16C  has a threshold value like the sensory characteristic  231  of  FIG. 3A , a torque sensation similarly to that of  FIG. 3B  occurs, and the torque sensation can continue to be intermittently presented only in one direction. 
       FIGS. 17A to 17D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method in which a sensory characteristic relating a haptic sense is used, and the rotations of both an eccentric rotator A  1012  and an eccentric rotator B  1013  are phase synchronized in the opposite directions. 
       FIG. 17B  schematically shows a case where both the eccentric rotator A  1012  and the eccentric rotator B  1013  of  FIG. 17A  are synchronously rotated in the opposite directions. As a result of the synchronous rotation in the opposite directions, a force to linearly generate simple harmonic oscillations in an arbitrary direction can be synthesized.  FIG. 17C  schematically shows a case where a sensory characteristic  1031  is a logarithmic function characteristic, and similarly to the sensory characteristic  211 , the sensory characteristic  1031  indicates that a sensory quantity  1033  has a nonlinear characteristic of a logarithm or the like with respect to a physical quantity  1032  as a stimulus. When consideration is given to a case where a positive force is generated at an operation point A  1034  on the sensory characteristic  1031  and a negative force in the reverse direction is generated at an operation point B  1035 , a force sensation  1044  is represented as in  FIG. 17D . A magnitude  1042  of a resultant rotation velocity of both the eccentric rotators is the combination of rotation velocities of the eccentric rotator A  1012  and the eccentric rotator B  1013 , and a force  1043  is proportional to the time differential of the magnitude  1042  of the resultant rotation velocity of both the eccentric rotators. When an operation is performed at an operation point A  1034  and an operation point B  1035 , a force sensation  1044  is perceived. The force  1043  is physically returned to an initial state  1048  in one cycle, and an integral value is zero. However, a sensory integral value of the force sensation  1044  as a sensory quantity does not necessarily become zero. The force sensation can continue to be freely presented in an arbitrary direction by suitably selecting the operation point A  1034  and the operation point B  1035 , by suitably selecting an operation point A duration time  1045  and an operation point B duration time  1046 , and by adjusting the synchronous phases of both the eccentric rotator A  1012  and the eccentric rotator B  1013 . 
     The above is established also when the sensory characteristic  1031  exhibits a nonlinear characteristic of an exponential function case or the like. Also in the case where the sensory characteristic  1031  of  FIG. 17C  has a threshold value like the sensory characteristic  231  of  FIG. 3A , a force sensation similar to that of  FIG. 3B  occurs, and the force sensation can continue to be intermittently presented only in one direction. 
       FIGS. 18A to 18F  are schematic views of a method in which the presentation method of the force sensation using both the eccentric rotators shown in  FIGS. 17A to 17D  is used to present a pushing feeling by oneself ( FIG. 18A ), an expansion feeling ( FIG. 18B ), a pressure feeling ( FIG. 18C ), a pulling feeling by oneself ( FIG. 18D ), a pulled feeling from outside ( FIG. 18E ), and a pushed feeling from outside ( FIG. 18F ). 
     In the pushing feeling by oneself ( FIG. 18A ), a twin eccentric rotator  1111  and a twin eccentric rotator  1112  are used on the front and back of a palm, and a force  1113  and a force  1114  are presented, so that a feeling such as to push an object by oneself with the front of the palm can be presented. 
     The expansion feeling ( FIG. 18B ), the pressure feeling ( FIG. 18C ), the pulling feeling by oneself ( FIG. 18D ), the pulled feeling from outside ( FIG. 18E ), and the pushed feeling from outside ( FIG. 18F ) can also be similarly presented. 
       FIG. 19  is a view showing a method of presenting a force  1173 , a shear force  1174 , and a torque  1175  to a palm and a finger tip by suitably controlling the rotation of each twin eccentric rotator  1172  on  1171  of the groove-shaped eccentric rotator arrays  1170 . 
     Besides, as shown in  FIG. 20 , by presenting a torque in the same direction on a skin-shaped eccentric rotator array  1181  round around a finger, a resultant torque  1185  to twist the whole finger can be presented. 
     Further, as shown in  FIG. 21 , by suitably adjusting the spatial intensity distribution of a resisting force  1193  presented to a palm, and by presenting a spherical resisting force  1191 , a cubic resisting force  1192  or the like, a three-dimensional shape feeling of a sphere, a cubic or the like, or a tactile sensation such as an elastic feeling or a soft feeling can be presented to the palm. 
     Further, as shown in  FIG. 22 , by temporally changing the spatial intensity distribution of the resisting force  1193  presented onto the palm, it is possible to present a feeling  1195  in which a force is transmitted on the palm, a feeling in which a object rotates on the palm, and a force sensation  1196  in which a force passes through the palm. Similarly, by changing the shear force, the torque and the like, the texture of a surface of a virtual object, such as surface roughness, can be presented. 
     According to the presentation methods shown in  FIGS. 19 to 22 , by suitably changing the space distribution of the force sensation in conformity with the movement of the palm, it is possible to present various haptic information relating to the object, such as the existence, shape, elasticity, texture and the like of the virtual object. 
     (Operation Principle 2) 
       FIGS. 23A to 23D  are views showing a vibration haptic information presentation method in an arbitrary direction using a method of changing a sensory characteristic by a masking effect relating to a haptic sense, which is an example of a control method of continuously or intermittently presenting haptic information of at least one of a vibration sensation, a force sensation and a torque sensation in an arbitrary direction. 
     The sensory characteristic is masked by a masking vibration  1216 , and a force sensation  1224  is decreased. This masking vibration can be generated by synchronizing the rotation velocity  1022  of the eccentric rotator A with the rotation velocity  1023  of the eccentric rotator A in  FIG. 17B  and by fluctuating the velocities.  FIG. 23A  schematically shows this, and the force sensation  1224  perceived at this time is represented as in  FIG. 23B . A force  1213  is proportional to the time differential of a magnitude  1212  of a resultant rotation velocity of the two eccentric rotators. 
     At this time, an initialization time  1215  in which the rotation velocity  1212  of the rotator is initialized is shortened and when it becomes shorter than a certain specific time as shown in  FIG. 23C , a critical fusion occurs in which although a negative force due to the initialization physically exists, it is felt as if a force is continuously presented like a force sensation  1244 . 
     The above occurs also in the case where a maskee and a masker are different rotators, and a similar continuous presented sensation occurs not only in the case of the force but also in the case of a torque. 
     In the actual use of the haptic information presentation system, since a posture change of a torque presentation device by a human unconscious motion is felt as an inertial force due to the Coriolis force or gyro effect, it is necessary that the inertial force of the rotator itself is suppressed to the utmost, and a large torque can also be presented. In the following, this inertial force will be considered. 
     As methods of generating a torque sensation, there are a method of accelerating and decelerating the rotation velocity of a rotation body having an inertia moment, and a method of turning a rotation body around an axis orthogonal to its rotation axis. From the viewpoint of dynamics of mechanism, the method is roughly classified into following two types, namely, a rotator posture control type (hereinafter referred to as a gyroscope type  1311 ) and a resultant angular momentum vector differential type  1312  ( FIGS. 24A and 24B ). 
     First, the gyroscope type  1311  using a gyroscope to control the posture of a rotator will be described. A gimbal structure is used, and with respect to the posture of the rotator turning at a constant angular velocity ω 0 , turning angles θ 1  and θ 2  around two gimbal shafts are changed so that torque can be generated. An angular momentum L 0  at the time when the rotation body with an inertia moment I is rotated at an angular velocity ω 0  is expressed by
 
 L   0   =Iω   0 .
 
     At this time, in view of the direction in which the torque is generated, a torque vector τ at the time when an angular momentum vector L=(|L|=L 0 ) having a constant magnitude is turned at an angular velocity ω is expressed by
 
τ=ω× L , where ω= dθ/dt.  
 
     Next, the resultant angular momentum vector differential type  1312  to control the time change of the resultant angular momentum vector will be described. Rotation speeds ω x , ω y  and ω z  of three rotators fixed to an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis are independently controlled, and the angular momentums of the rotators are combined, so that an angular momentum vector can be formed in an arbitrary direction. When this is suitably controlled, a torque can be formed in an arbitrary direction. A torque vector at the time when the angular momentum vector L is changed is expressed as follows. 
     When an inertia moment around each axis is made I i , the angular momentum L i  of rotation at an angular velocity ω i  around each of the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis is expressed by
 
 L   i   =I   i ω i   , i=x,y,z.  
 
     When unit vectors in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions are made i, j and k, the resultant angular momentum vector composed of the angular momentums around the respective axes is expressed by
 
 L=L   x   i+L   y   j+L   z   k.  
 
The time differential of the resultant angular momentum vector is the torque vector τ.
 
τ= dL/dt  
 
     Accordingly, by changing the ratio ω x :ω y :ω z  of the angular speeds in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, the direction of the angular momentum vector generated can be controlled in an arbitrary direction. This method has merits that the control is easy, and various three-dimensional force sensations can be presented. Incidentally, the torque felt by a person has the same magnitude as this torque vector τ and the opposite direction by the action-reaction law (Newton&#39;s third law). 
     When reference is made to  FIG. 25 , 
     Where, in the case where |L|=L 0  is constant, and the direction of the resultant angular momentum vector L is turned at ω=dΩ/dt, the torque vector is expressed by 
                   τ   =       ⁢     d   ⁢           ⁢     L   /   dt                     =       ⁢     ω   ×   L       ,               
and is coincident with that of the gyroscope type. This indicates that although the torque which can be presented in the gyroscope type can be presented by the proposed method, the converse is not.
 
     Now, in the case where consideration is given to the use in the so-called human navigation, the motion of the posture of a user generates a change of angular momentum vector, and there is a possibility that an unintentional torque is presented. Then, consideration is given to a torque generated by the resultant angular momentum vector L turning on a turning coordinate system O Ω  turning at an angular velocity vector Ω with respect to the inertia coordinate system O. 
     The equation of motion in the inertia coordinate system O  1330  and the turning coordinate system O Ω   1331  is expressed by 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   τ 
                   = 
                     
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         d 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           L 
                           / 
                           dt 
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                     O 
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   = 
                     
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       
                         [ 
                         
                           d 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             L 
                             / 
                             dt 
                           
                         
                         ] 
                       
                       
                         O 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         Ω 
                       
                     
                     + 
                     
                       Ω 
                       × 
                       
                         L 
                         . 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     As shown in  FIG. 25 , a torque felt by a person through the temporal change of a resultant angular momentum vector  1332  on the palm of the turning person is the sum of a torque [dL/dt] OΩ  by the temporal change of the resultant angular momentum vector  1332  in the turning coordinate system O Ω   1331  and the precession torque Ω×L. The term “precession” means that when a torque is applied to a gyro from outside, the spin axis of the gyro is turned in a direction orthogonal to the applied torque. The cause of the generation of the precession torque here is the turning of the coordinate axis. That is, even in the case where there is no temporal change of the angular momentum L on the palm of the user when viewed from the user, when the user turns at the angular velocity Ω as shown in  FIG. 25 , the precession torque Ω×L is felt. 
     Here, in the case where the navigation is performed, there occurs a case where the change of the posture of the user is suppressed. This is because when the body of the user is turned in the horizontal direction, the precession torque well known in a gyrocompass is exerted on the angular momentum L x i orthogonal to the angular velocity Ω and L y j, and functions to suppress the turn Ω of the body of the user. Although this precession torque prevents the free movement of the user, it has an effect to suppress the fluctuation of the torque presentation device due to the walking of the user. Besides, when the arm of the user is moved in the vertical direction, a similar precession torque is exerted on the angular momentum L x i and L z k. That is, when the user moves the body, the torque is exerted, and the same direction is always indicated like the gyrocompass. 
     The control feature of this embodiment is to control the temporal change of the resultant angular momentum vector L  1332 , and the easiness of the control is a great merit. By abruptly changing L in the vicinity of zero, a large torque [dL/dt] OΩ  is generated, and the precession torque (Ω×L) can be suppressed to be low. By this, the navigation is enabled without hindering the movement of the user. 
     On the other hand, in the case where the torque presentation device is swayed by the movement of the user and a difficulty occurs, by temporally changing L in the vicinity of the resultant angular momentum vector L  1332  having a suitable magnitude, the torque can be presented while the sway of the torque presentation device is suppressed. 
     On the other hand, in the case where the gyroscope type  1311  is used, 
                   τ   =       ⁢         [     d   ⁢           ⁢     L   /   dt       ]       O   ⁢           ⁢   Ω       +     Ω   ×   L                   =       ⁢       ω   ×   L     +     Ω   ×   L                   
is established. In order to present a large torque, a large angular momentum vector L is required, and as a result, a large precession torque is generated without fail.
 
     Especially, for the use in the so-called human navigation, miniaturization is required to such a degree as to enable internal or external mounting to a cellular phone or a PDA. Here, consideration will be given to a torque presentation method and operation principle in the case where internal mounting to a cellular phone is performed. 
     According to the number of dimensions in which a torque is actually generated, a classification into four can be made as shown in  FIGS. 26A to 26D . 
     In a conventional cellular phone, a vibration has been used to inform an incoming call. In the navigation by a recent cellular phone, when a street corner approaches, attention is first aroused by vibration, and then, the direction in which a turn is to be made is indicated by voice. That is, since attention is aroused by the vibration, and direction information is not presented, this is defined as a Zero dimension (vibration  1341 ). 
     Besides, in the direction presentation on a plane space as in the navigation or the like, two dimensions are sufficient as shown in  FIG. 26C , and a haptic navigation system can be constructed by internal mounting to a cellular phone or the like.  FIG. 26D  shows a model which adopts an opposed type twin motor system newly invented in view of the balance of the center of gravity and the like. 
     Next, merits of three-dimensional torque presentation will be described. 
     As described above, since the Ω×L component hinders the motion of the user, it has been proposed that the operation is performed at the control point where L is in the vicinity of zero. However, with respect to the Lz component, although the precession torque is not exerted in the turn on the horizontal surface, such as the turning of the user, the posture of the torque presentation device becomes stable in the vertical motion of the arm by the conservation of the rotation axis like a vertical gyro in an airplane (see  FIG. 27 ). 
     That is, the arm is lowered, the turning vector Ω is generated around an elbow as a fulcrum, a torque τ x  is generated in the torque presentation device and in the x direction on the palm so as to turn the L z  vector, and a torque is generated in the direction of canceling the turning vector Ω. It is conceivable that the torque around the elbow as the fulcrum, which suppresses the vertical movement of the torque presentation device, stabilizes the position of the torque presentation device. 
     When this is Lx, like a gyroscope (an ‘CHUKYU GOMA’) which does not fall but turns while keeping the horizontal, it is conceivable that while the arm is turning on the horizontal plane, the torque to cancel the gravity is generated to float the torque presentation device, and reduces the user&#39;s fatigue caused by continuing to hold it. 
     (Operation Principle 3) 
     Hereinafter, a description will be given to a haptic presentation device in which the haptic presentation device  1301  shown in  FIG. 13  is further improved. 
       FIG. 28  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  2801  in which similarly to the haptic presentation device  1301  of  FIG. 13 , two facing eccentric rotators are made one pair and three such pairs are arranged in an orthogonal coordinate system. In the haptic presentation device  2801 , an eccentric rotator (inertia; inertial body)  2804 , a motor  2803  and the like are arranged in a spherical housing  2807 , and  FIG. 28  is a sectional view taken along the center of the spherical housing  2807 . The eccentric rotator  2804  and the motor  2803  are united, and a rotating shaft  2802  of the motor is fixed to a joint  2810  of the housing  2807 . That is, the rotating shaft  2820  is fixed, and similarly to the rotation of a normal motor, a magnet of a rotator of the motor integral with the rotating shaft  2802  and an electromagnet of the main body of the motor  2803  repel each other and the motor  2803  is rotated. By this, in the haptic presentation device  2801 , a rotation body in which the eccentric rotator and the motor are united is rotated. Incidentally, it would be apprehensible for one of ordinary skill in the art that a terminal for power supply to the main body of the motor  2803  is fabricated so that the polarity of the contact is kept even if the main body of the motor  2803  is rotated (not shown). Thus, as compared with the haptic presentation device  1301  of  FIG. 13  in which the motor is fixed to the housing and only the eccentric rotator is rotated, in the haptic presentation device  2801 , the mass of the rotation portion can be made large (that is, the inertia moment can be made large), and the efficiency of the mechanical operation (presentation of vibration, torque and force) by the rotation of the rotation body is improved. Further, as the weight of the housing  2807  is reduced, the efficiency is improved. 
     Incidentally, the haptic presentation device  2801  shown in  FIG. 28  is not limited to the case where the eccentric rotator is applied, but is naturally applicable to a rotator which is not eccentric. Further, although the spherical housing is exemplified for the haptic presentation device  2801 , the principle of the haptic presentation device  2801  can be naturally applied to a housing other than the spherical shape. 
       FIG. 29  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  2901  in which the haptic presentation device  2801  of  FIG. 28  is further improved. The haptic presentation device  2901  includes a turbine fin  2908  arranged in a spherical housing  2807  and a fluid (gas flow or liquid flow)  2909 , and  FIG. 28  is a sectional view taken along the center of the spherical housing  2807 . The turbine fin  2908  is provided in a rotation body in which an eccentric rotator  2804  and a motor  2803  are united. By this, in the haptic presentation device  2901 , when the rotation body in which the eccentric rotator and the motor are united is rotated, the turbine fin stirs the fluid  2909 . Thus, as compared with the rotation of the rotation body of the haptic presentation device  2801  of  FIG. 28 , in the haptic presentation device  2901 , the load resistance is applied to the rotation of the turbine fin by the circulation of the fluid, and as a result, since the effective inertia moment of the rotation body is increased, the efficiency of the mechanical operation (presentation of vibration, torque and force) by the rotation of the rotation body is improved. Further, as the relative weight of the housing  2807  is reduced, the efficiency is improved. Besides, the load resistance can be applied to the rotation of the turbine fin by providing a narrowing hole  2910  to narrow the section of a liquid flow passage in a route for circulation of the fluid. 
       FIG. 30  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  3001  in which the haptic presentation device  2901  of  FIG. 29  is further improved. The haptic presentation device  3001  includes an air  3009  in a spherical housing  3007 , holes  3010  are provided in the housing  3007  to be opposite to turbine fins, and  FIG. 30  is a sectional view taken along the center of the spherical housing  3007 . As a result that the holes  3010  are provided in the housing  3007 , in the haptic presentation device  3001 , according to the control of a motor, for example, air flows  3002   a  and  3002   b  flowing through the haptic presentation device  3001  from the left to the right of  FIG. 30  are generated. In this case, as compared with the haptic presentation device  2901  of  FIG. 29  in which a force sensation continues to be presented in the left direction in the drawing, in the haptic presentation device  3001 , the force of jet of the air flow  3002   b  is also added, and the efficiency of continuing to present the force sensation in the left direction in the drawing is improved. Incidentally, it would be obvious for one skilled in the art that the closing and opening of these holes is controlled (not inevitable) by a valve  3010  and a control circuit, so that the flow rate and flow speed can be controlled. 
     The turbine fin is a variable fin which can control a relation between a rotation direction and a blast direction, and even if the torque direction resulting from the rotation is the same direction, the flowing direction of an air current can be controlled by changing the angle of the fin. Besides, it may be fixed according to a use. 
     Incidentally, rotators of two motors, motor bodies, eccentric rotation bodies, two turbine fins in which the generating directions of air currents are opposite to each other are mounted to one rotating shaft  2802 , and the flow direction of the air current may be controlled by selecting the turbine fin to be rotated (not shown). 
     Applied Example 2 
       FIG. 31  is a view showing another applied example of the groove-shaped eccentric rotator array  890  of  FIG. 15  and is a view showing a groove-shaped eccentric rotator array  3110  in which a sheet-shaped eccentric rotator array  3111  is formed into a groove shape. In  FIG. 31 , rotators are arranged like a grid, and only eccentric rotators  3170   a  to  3173   a , and  3170   b  to  3177   b  rotate. By this, by suitably controlling the rotations of the eccentric rotators  3170   a  to  3173   a , and  3170   b  to  3177   b  of the groove-shaped eccentric rotator array  3110 , haptic information of a virtual twist as a spatial expansion can be presented onto the palm. In more detail, a large torque is presented in the same direction by the eccentric rotators  3170   a  to  3173   a , so that a large resultant torque  315   a  to twist the center part of the palm counterclockwise is presented. Besides, a small torque is presented in the same direction by the eccentric rotators  3170   b  to  3177   b , so that a resultant torque  315   b  to twist the palm peripheral part clockwise is presented. By this, a virtual twist haptic sensation is felt in which the palm center part is intensely twisted counterclockwise, and the palm peripheral part is weakly twisted clockwise. 
       FIG. 32  is a view showing a two-dimensional sectional view of a haptic presentation device  3201  in which the haptic presentation device  2801  of  FIG. 28  is further improved. In the haptic presentation device  3201 , a control circuit  3205  and an angular acceleration sensor (and gravity/acceleration sensor)  3206  are arranged at the center part of a spherical housing  2807 , and  FIG. 32  is a sectional view taken along the center of the spherical housing  2807 . The control circuit  3205  corresponds to the control device  4120  of  FIG. 41 , and the angular acceleration sensor (and the gravity/acceleration sensor)  3206  corresponds to the input device  4130  of  FIG. 41 . Although it is assumed that the haptic presentation device  3201  of  FIG. 32  is a ball in a mode of a baseball ball, it may be a ball with any shape. The angular acceleration sensor  3206  monitors a back spin  3215  generated at the release when the ball (haptic presentation device  3201 ) is pitched in a direction denoted by reference numeral  3210  in the drawing. Besides, in the case of a uniform rotation motion, the gravity direction is detected by the gravity/acceleration sensor, and since the gravity direction is periodically changed in the xyz axis components of the sensor, the rotation of the ball can be monitored. Incidentally, even if the method as stated above is not used, when the rotation of the ball can be detected, another method can be applied. The control circuit  3205  analyzes the input information from the angular acceleration sensor (and the gravity/acceleration sensor)  3206 , and controls a motor in the haptic presentation device  3201  so as to cancel the back spin  3215  of the ball (haptic presentation device  3201 ). Thus, the ball (haptic presentation device  3201 ) is not rotated, and becomes a breaking ball (so-called knuckle ball) irregularly swaying and changing by the influence of the flow and swirl generated behind it. Similarly, by freely controlling the rotation and the like, it is possible to realize various breaking balls including a curve, a shoot, and a breaking ball which is impossible in a real baseball, such as a breaking ball which is curved and then shoots and drops. Incidentally, the embodiment of  FIG. 32  can be applied to the haptic presentation device  2901  of  FIG. 29 . 
     Reference is again made to the haptic presentation device  3001  of  FIG. 30 . In a conventional haptic presentation device in the VR, its own weight reduces the original VR effect to be felt by the user. Then, in the haptic presentation device  3001  of  FIG. 30 , the air current flowing through the haptic presentation device  3001  from the top to the bottom of  FIG. 30  is generated by the control of the motor, so that the force of the jet of the air current toward the bottom reduces the weight of the haptic presentation device  3001  itself to be felt by the user, and the original effect to cause the user to feel the VR can be improved. Similarly, by generating the air current flowing through the haptic presentation device  3001  from the bottom to the top of  FIG. 30 , the user can be made to feel that the weight of the haptic presentation device  3001  itself is heavier than actual by the force of the jet of the air current toward the top. 
       FIGS. 33A and 33B  are explanatory views of a pen-shaped device  3301  having the built-in haptic presentation device described in the embodiment. The pen-shaped device  3301  is provided with a touch panel  3350  on a surface, the touch panel  3350  indicates respective button columns denoted by reference numerals  3310 ,  3320 ,  3330 , and  3340  in the drawing, and each of the button columns includes four buttons. It is intended that the pen-shaped device  3301  of this embodiment is applied to, for example, a pen-shaped cellular phone. Incidentally, the function of the touch panel  3350  may be realized by a physical button instead of the touch panel. Besides, each of the button columns may include a desired number of buttons instead of the four buttons. Besides, a desired number of button columns may be provided (as examples of these,  FIGS. 42A to 42C  are provided as supplemental explanation views of  FIGS. 33A and 33B ). Here, although the rotation of 180° is performed from  FIG. 33A  to  FIG. 33B  and the use is made, virtual operation panels which is the number of columns exist at intervals of a rotation angle of (360°/the number of columns). 
     As shown in  FIG. 33A , in the case where the user grasps the pen-shaped device  3301  and the pen-shaped device  3301  is seen from a direction denoted by reference numeral  3302 , the button columns  3310 ,  3320  and  3330  respectively have buttons of numeral input functions of “1, 4, 7, *”, “3, 6, 9, #” and “2, 5, 8, 0”. 
     On the other hand, as shown in  FIG. 33B , in the case where the user rotates the pen-shaped device  3301  from the state of  FIG. 33A  by 180° and grasps it, and the pen-shaped device  3301  is seen from a direction denoted by reference numeral  3302 , the buttons “1, 4, 7, *” of the button column  3310  respectively become kana input functions of “A, TA, MA, “.”, the buttons “3, 6, 9, #” of the button column  3320  respectively become kana input functions of “SA, HA, RA, (enter)”, and the buttons 
     
       
     
     of the button column  3340  become kana input functions of “KA, NA, HA, WA”. That is, in the case of this example, the realization is performed with four rows and four columns, and as the front side of the device, the first column, the second column and the third column are used, and as the back side of the device, the third column, the fourth column, and the first column are made usable. 
       FIGS. 34A and 34B  are views showing a rough structure of the pen-shaped device  3301 . The pen-shaped device  3301  includes a haptic presentation device  3410 , a control circuit  3420 , a posture sensor  3430  based on a well-known acceleration sensor, a pen-shaped device control circuit  3440 , and a touch panel  3350 . The control circuit  3420  corresponds to the control device  4120  of  FIG. 41 , and the posture sensor  3430  corresponds to the input device  4130  of  FIG. 41 . The pen-shaped device control circuit  3440  judges, based on the input from the posture sensor  3430 , in which state of  FIG. 33A  and  FIG. 33B  the user sees the pen-shaped device  3301 . As in  FIG. 33A  or  FIG. 33B , the input functions of the respective button columns denoted by reference numerals  3310 ,  3320 ,  3330  and  3340  are determined, and the corresponding buttons are displayed on the touch panel. Besides, the pen-shaped device control circuit  3440  processes the input from the touch panel  3350 , and in the case where for example, the button “0” is depressed by the user, the input of numeral 0 is processed. Since a circuit and its control to process the input from the posture sensor  3430  and the input from the touch panel  3550 , such as the pen-shaped device control circuit  3440 , are well-known for one skilled in the art, the detailed description would be unnecessary. 
     Here, for example, in the case where the button “0” is depressed by the user, the posture sensor  3430  detects the posture change toward a direction  3302  in  FIG. 34B , or the pressure sensor of the touch panel detects the motion of the depressing finger, and the control circuit  3420  analyzes the input information from the posture sensor  3430 , controls the motor in the haptic presentation device  3410 , and gives haptic feedback so as to present the movement in the directions  3460  and  3302 , so that a feeling such as to press an actual button is presented in spite of the virtual button on the touch panel. Thus, the haptic presentation device  3410  presents the force in the directions  3460  and  3302 , and causes the user to feel the depression of the button “0”. 
     Besides, for example, in the case where the button “0” is rubbed by the user from the top to the bottom, the posture sensor  3430  detects a posture change toward a direction  3470  in  FIG. 34B , or the sensor of the touch panel detects the movement of the finger, and the control circuit  3420  analyzes input information from the posture sensor  3430  and the touch panel sensor, controls the motor in the haptic presentation device  3410 , and gives haptic feedback the movement in the directions  3470  and  3480 , so that a feeling such as to operate an actual scroll wheel or joystick is presented in spite of the virtual wheel on the touch panel. Thus, the haptic presentation device  3410  presents the force in the directions  3470  and  3480 , and causes the user to feel the operation feeling of the virtual scroll wheel. 
       FIG. 35  is an explanatory view of a pointer  3501  having a built-in haptic presentation device described in the embodiment, and is a view showing a rough structure of the pointer  3501 . The pointer  3501  includes a haptic presentation device  3510 , a control circuit  3520 , a posture sensor (or a position sensor or an acceleration sensor)  3530 , a pointer control circuit  3540 , a switch  3550 , and a laser light source  3590 . The control circuit  3520  corresponds to the control device  4120  in  FIG. 41 , and the posture sensor  3530  and the switch  3550  correspond to the input device  4130  in  FIG. 41 . The pointer control circuit  3540  makes a control so that when the switch  3550  is turned ON, a laser beam  3580  is emitted from the laser light source  3590 . Since a circuit to control the laser light source  3590  to emit the laser beam  3580 , such as the pointer control circuit  3540 , and its control are well known for one skilled in the art, the detailed description would be unnecessary. 
     Here, in the case where the user depresses the switch  3550 , and the pointer  3501  is swayed in a direction  3570 , the posture sensor  3530  detects the posture change toward the direction  3570 , and the control circuit  3520  analyzes input information from the posture sensor  3530 , and controls a motor in the haptic presentation device  3510  so as to suppress the movement of the haptic presentation device  3510  toward the direction  3570 . Thus, the haptic presentation device  3510  presents a force in a direction  3590 , and causes the user to feel a resisting force against the sway direction  3570 . By this, for example, in the case where the laser beam  3580  is irradiated to an object  3560  having a laser beam tracking function, and the object  3560  is moved from the left to the right in  FIG. 35  while being pointed, the user is made to feel the resisting force (force in the direction  3590 ) against the direction  3570  in which the object  3560  is moved, and as a result, such a feeling that the user grasps the object  3560  and moves it is given. Here, although the selection of the object  3560  and the grasping intention are informed to the pointer control circuit  3540  by using the laser light source  3590  and the laser beam tracking function, no limitation is made to this as long as the selection and the grasping intension can be inputted. 
       FIG. 36  is an explanatory view of a baton-type controller  3601  having a built-in haptic presentation device described in the embodiment, and is a view showing a rough structure of the baton-type controller  3601 . The baton-type controller  3601  is a controller used in a well-known (conducting) music game of a home video game machine. The baton-type controller  3601  includes a haptic presentation device  3610 , a control circuit  3620 , a posture sensor  3630 , and a controller control circuit  3640 . The control circuit  3620  corresponds to the control device  4120  in  FIG. 41 , and the posture sensor  3630  and the controller control circuit  3640  correspond to the input device  4130  in  FIG. 41 . The controller control circuit  3640  transmits/receives a signal  3609  to/from a game machine  3606 , processes input information from the posture sensor  3630  to transmit it to the game machine  3606 , and receives an instruction from the game machine  3606 . Since a circuit to perform a control to communicate with the game machine  3606 , such as the controller control circuit  3640 , and its control are well-known for one skilled in the art, the detailed description would be unnecessary. Incidentally, in  FIG. 36 , although a signal of a wired system is exemplified as the signal  3609 , no limitation is made to this, and the signal  3609  may be a signal in a wireless system. 
     Here, when the user plays the music game of a monitor  3605 , in the case where the baton-type controller  3601  is swayed in a direction  3607 , the posture sensor (or pressure sensor)  3630  detects the grasping way and the posture change toward the direction  3607 , and the controller control circuit  3640  processes the input information from the posture sensor  3630 , and transmits it to the game machine  3606 . The game machine  3606  processes the music game based on the information of the posture change from the posture sensor  3630 , and the performance of an orchestra in the music game, such as a tempo, rhythm, and breath, is changed by the swinging way of the baton of the conductor. In the case where it is judged that the music at that time exceeds the performance speed at which a person can play and the dynamic range of a playing method, a suppression signal is transmitted to the controller control circuit  3640 . When receiving the suppression signal, the controller control circuit  3640  transmits the information to the control circuit  3620 . The control circuit  3620  analyzes the input information from the controller control circuit  3640 , and controls a motor in the haptic presentation device  3610  so as to suppress the motion of the haptic presentation device  3610  toward the direction  3607 . Thus, the haptic presentation device  3610  presents a force toward a direction  3660 , and causes the user to feel a resisting force against the swing direction  3607 . By this, in the music game, the music does not exceed the performance speed at which a person can play and the dynamic range of the playing method, and the music game becomes more real. 
     MODIFIED EXAMPLES 
     Hereinafter, modified examples of the operation principles  1  to  3  will be described. 
       FIG. 37  is a view showing a rough structure of a modified example of the haptic information presentation method of  FIG. 11D  described in the embodiment. In  FIG. 11D , the two eccentric rotators are synchronously rotated in the opposite directions, and the force to linearly generate the simple harmonic oscillations in an arbitrary direction is synthesized.  FIG. 37  is a view showing a piezoelectric matrix  3730  as an oscillator in which instead of the eccentric rotators, piezoelectric elements  3701  are used. A piezoelectric array  3710  is constructed in which the plural piezoelectric elements  3701  are laminated in an x-direction in the drawing, a piezoelectric array  3720  is constructed in which the plural piezoelectric elements  3701  are laminated in a y-direction in the drawing, and the piezoelectric arrays  3710  and  3720  are alternatively arranged in the x and the y directions in the oscillator. 
     A haptic information presentation method using the piezoelectric matrix  3730  of  FIG. 37  is a method in which the piezoelectric matrix  3730  is used instead of the rotator  4180  in  FIG. 41 . In the structure as stated above, the control device  4120  of  FIG. 41  controls the voltage in the x direction in  FIG. 37  to control simple harmonic oscillations  3750  in the x direction, and controls the voltage in the y direction in  FIG. 37  to control simple harmonic oscillations  3740  in the y direction. Although a sufficient amplitude is not obtained by the single piezoelectric element  3701 , in the structure of  FIG. 37 , the piezoelectric arrays  3710  and  3720  are constructed, so that a large amplitude can be produced. According to the method of  FIG. 37 , in the haptic presentation device  4110  of  FIG. 41 , a stepping motor and a servo motor required for driving the rotator  4180  become unnecessary, and also in the control device  4120 , a control circuit for the motors becomes unnecessary, and the structure of the combination of the haptic presentation device and the control device becomes simple. 
     Further, it would be understood for one skilled in the art that when the piezoelectric matrix  3730  of  FIG. 37  is expanded, and a piezoelectric cube is formed in which the piezoelectric arrays  3710  and  3720  are alternately arranged in the x, y and z directions, an oscillator can be formed in which simple harmonic oscillations in the x, y and z directions can be controlled. The method of  FIG. 37  can be applied to, for example, a mechanism for generating a force in a desired direction by a controller of a game machine. Here, the arrangement pattern of the piezoelectric elements  3701  is arbitrary as long as the simple harmonic oscillations in the x, y and z directions can be generated. 
       FIGS. 38A and 38B  are also views showing a rough structure of another modified example of the haptic information presentation method of  FIG. 11D  described in the embodiment.  FIG. 38A  shows a cubic oscillator  3801  using a speaker structure instead of an eccentric rotator, and the oscillator  3801  includes magnets  3810   b ,  3810   c ,  3810   m  and the like of the speaker at the centers of the respective planes. Incidentally, the magnets  3810   b ,  3810   c ,  3810   m  and the like are not restricted to the centers of the respective planes, but may be located at arbitrary positions on the planes. 
       FIG. 38B  is a view showing a sectional view in a case where in  FIG. 38A , the oscillator  3801  is cut along a horizontal section  3820  passing through the barycenter and is seen. The oscillator  3801  includes, at the respective planes, cones  3840   a ,  3850   a ,  3840   b ,  3850   b ,  3840   c ,  3850   c ,  3840   d  and  3850   d  of the speaker combined with the magnets  3810   a ,  3810   b ,  3810   c  and  3810   d , respectively. 
     The haptic information presentation method using the oscillator  3801  of  FIGS. 38A and 38B  is a method using the oscillator  3801  instead of the rotator  4180  in  FIG. 41 . In the structure as stated above, the control device  4120  of  FIG. 41  controls, for example, the voltage of the magnet in the x direction in  FIG. 38B  to control simple harmonic oscillations  3870  in the x direction, and controls the voltage of the magnet in the y direction in  FIG. 38B  to control simple harmonic oscillations  3860  in the y direction. In the structure of  FIGS. 38A and 38B , a large amplitude caused by the magnets of the speaker and by the vibrations of the cones can be produced. According to the method of  FIGS. 38A and 38B , in the haptic presentation device  4110  of  FIG. 41 , a stepping motor and a servo motor required for driving the rotator  4180  become unnecessary, and also in the control device  4120 , a control circuit for the motors becomes unnecessary, and the structure of the combination of the haptic presentation device and the control device becomes simple. Here, the structure of the cones  3840   a ,  3850   a ,  3840   b ,  3850   b ,  3840   c ,  3850   c ,  3840   d  and  3850   d  of the speaker combined with the respective magnets  3810   a ,  3810   b ,  3810   c  and  3810   d  may not be adopted, and as long as the simple harmonic oscillations in the x, y and z directions can be generated, no limitation is made particularly to the combination of the magnets and the cones, and a structure of only magnets may be adopted. 
       FIGS. 39A and 39B  are views showing a rough structure of a modified example of the haptic presentation device  1301  of  FIG. 13  described in the embodiment. In the haptic presentation device  1301  of  FIG. 13 , as in the description in  FIGS. 11A to 11D, 12A and 12B  which is the premise thereof, the rotation axes of the two eccentric rotators opposite to each other have only to be parallel to each other, inclusive of the case where they are on the same axis. Thus, in the haptic presentation device  1301  of  FIG. 13 , since the two facing eccentric rotators are separated in the rotation axis direction and respectively rotate on different planes, a surplus moment caused by mutual forces generated in the rotation plane directions of the two eccentric rotators is generated in the haptic presentation device  1301 , and there is a fear that a rattle or the like of the rotation axis is caused.  FIGS. 39A and 39B  are views showing a structure in which a surplus moment caused by the rotation of two eccentric rotators on different planes is suppressed. 
     The arrangement of two facing eccentric rotators  3901   a  and  3901   b  shown in  FIGS. 39A and 39B  is such that the rotation axes thereof are on the same axis, and a part of the eccentric rotator  3901   b  covers the eccentric rotator  3901   a . By the structure as stated above, since many material particles of the two eccentric rotators  3901   a  and  3901   b  are rotated on the same plane around the same rotation axis, the generation of the surplus moment caused by the rotation of the two facing eccentric rotators on the different planes is suppressed, and the rattle or the like of the rotation axis is also relieved. As a result of this, it is impossible to cause three pairs of the eccentric rotators  3901   a  and  3901   b  and the like to intersect at right angles at the barycenter position as in  FIG. 13 , and the respective eccentric rotator pairs  3901   a  and  3901   b  and the like have only to be in an orthogonal relation. Besides, when the rotations can be three-dimensionally combined in an arbitrary direction, they may not be orthogonal to each other. Incidentally, this embodiment is not limited to the three dimensions, and according to a use, it can be applied to one dimension or two dimensions. 
     Applied Example 3 
       FIG. 40  is an explanatory view of a desk device  4001  having a built-in haptic presentation device described in the embodiment, and is a view showing a rough structure of the desk device  4001 . The desk device  4001  includes a haptic presentation device  4010 , a control circuit  4020 , and a posture sensor  4030  (may be an acceleration, angular acceleration, or position sensor). The control circuit  4020  corresponds to the control device  4120  in  FIG. 41 , and the posture sensor  4030  corresponds to the input device  4130  in  FIG. 41 . 
     Here, for example, in the case where the desk device  4001  is moved on the desk by the user toward a direction  4040 , the posture sensor  4030  detects the position change toward the direction  4040  in  FIG. 40 , and the control circuit  4020  analyzes input information from the posture sensor  4030 , and controls motors in the haptic presentation device  4010  so as to suppress the motion of the haptic presentation device  4010  toward the direction  4040  or so as to sway it in the horizontal direction. Thus, the haptic presentation device  4010  presents a force in a direction  4050 , and causes the user to feel the friction force on the desk against the movement toward the direction  4040 . 
     Besides, for example, in the case where the desk device  4001  is moved on the desk by the user toward the direction  4040 , the posture sensor  4030  detects the position change toward the direction  4040  in  FIG. 40 , and the control circuit  4020  analyzes input information from the posture sensor  4030 , and controls motors in the haptic presentation device  4010  so as to generate a force in a normal direction to the direction  4040  of the haptic presentation device  4010 . Thus, the haptic presentation device  4010  presents a force to generate simple harmonic oscillations or the like in the direction  4060 , and causes the user to feel the roughness on the desk against the movement toward the direction  4040 . 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     By carrying out the invention, it is possible to realize the useful man-machine interface which can be mounted on an equipment used in the field of VR (Virtual Reality), an equipment used in the field of game, a cellular phone, a portable navigation equipment, a PDA (Personal digital Assistant) and the like. 
     More specifically, for example, in the field of the VR, the existence of an object in a virtual space, or the shock due to a collision can be presented by presenting a force to the person through the man-machine interface to which the invention is applied, or by giving a resisting force or a reaction force to limit the motion of the person. Besides, by mounting the interface on the cellular phone, the portable navigation equipment or the like, various instructions, guides and the like, which have not been conventionally seen, can be realized through the skin of the operator. 
     The invention has been made in order to overcome such a drawback that, due to heavy weight of the conventional electronic device, only the slight vibration stimulus is transmitted to an operator, which prevents reliable transmission of the vibration stimulus. Therefore, the invention has a purpose of reliably and accurately providing even a slight vibration stimulus to a user regardless of weight of an electronic device. 
     A haptic information presenting system includes: 
     a sensor that detects a stimulus including at least one of displacement, deformation, pressure, rotation, acceleration, vibration, humidity, and temperature; 
     a haptic presenting device, to which a sensory characteristic and/or a sensory illusion of an operator is applied, so as to present a haptic to said operator as if he/she actually operates the device; and 
     a haptic presentation controller that controls the haptic presenting device on the basis of the stimulus from the sensor. 
     The haptic presentation controller uses such a fact that the sensory characteristic, which indicates a relationship between a quantity of stimulus applied to a human body and a sensory quantity, is nonlinear and/or the sensory illusion, so as to control the quantity of stimulus and present haptic information, 
     the sensory characteristic includes: at least one of the quantity of stimulus that is provided to the operator and the quantity of stimulus that is generated through an operation by the operator; and the sensory quantity that is presented to the operator, said sensory quantity being a sensory quantity that cannot exist physically, and 
     the haptic information presenting system includes: the haptic presenting device that generates the stimulus; a drive device that drives the haptic presenting device; and a haptic non-presenting device that does not generate said stimulus to the operator, said haptic presenting device presenting said haptic to the operator. 
     In the haptic information presenting system, the haptic presenting device and the haptic non-presenting device are attached to each other via a haptic presentation separating device that prevents transmission of said haptic to the haptic non-presenting device. 
     In the haptic information presenting system, the haptic presenting device includes a vibration member and presents the haptic to the operator via an opening that is provided in the haptic presenting device. 
     The invention can reliably and accurately provide even a slight vibration stimulus to the user regardless of weight of an electronic device. 
     A haptic information presenting system includes: 
     a sensor that detects a stimulus including at least one of displacement, deformation, pressure, rotation, acceleration, a vibration, a humidity, and a temperature; 
     a haptic presenting device, to which a sensory characteristic and/or a sensory illusion of an operator is applied, so as to present a haptic to said operator as if he/she actually operates the device; and 
     a haptic presentation controller that controls the haptic presenting device on the basis of the stimulus from the sensor. 
     The haptic presentation controller uses such a fact that the sensory characteristic, which indicates a relationship between a quantity of stimulus applied to a human body and a sensory quantity, is nonlinear and/or the sensory illusion, so as to control the quantity of stimulus and present the tactile force information. 
     The haptic presenting device presents said haptic to the operator. The sensory characteristic includes: at least one of the quantity of stimulus that is provided to the operator and the quantity of stimulus that is generated through the operation by the operator; and the sensory quantity that is presented to the operator. Said sensory quantity is a sensory quantity that cannot exist physically. 
     The haptic information presenting system includes: the haptic presenting device that generates the stimulus; a drive device that drives the haptic presenting device; and a haptic non-presenting device that does not generate said stimulus to the operator. 
     In the haptic information presenting system, the haptic presenting device and the haptic non-presenting device are attached to each other via a haptic presentation separating device that prevents transmission of said haptic to the haptic non-presenting device. 
     In the haptic information presenting system, the haptic presenting device includes a vibration member and presents the haptic to the operator via an opening that is provided in haptic presenting device. 
       FIG. 59  shows a haptic information presenting system according to the invention. 
     The haptic information presenting system includes, in a casing: a haptic presenting device that generates a stimulus; a drive device that drives the haptic presenting device; and a haptic non-presenting device that does not generate the stimulus to an operator. 
     The haptic presenting device, which generates the stimulus, includes at least one of an eccentric motor as a vibration source, an ultrasonic wave such as an actuator, a piezoelectric element, a piezo element, a speaker, or the like, and an electric stimulus. 
     The haptic presenting device includes a stimulus presenting section. The haptic non-presenting device includes a fixed section that is held by a user or attached to a desk or the like. The haptic presentation controller is installed in the haptic non-presenting device. The haptic presentation controller controls the haptic presenting device on the basis of a stimulus from a sensor. In addition to the sensor, the haptic presentation controller includes a communication device, a power supply, a control circuit, and the like. 
     The fixed section is placed on a palm, grasped by fingers, and thereby fixed. 
     In this way, the haptic presenting device can provide a vibration stimulus to a thumb and an index finger even when the casing is partially fixed by the palm. 
     The haptic presentation controller generates a stimulus pattern by using position information, posture information, or the like from the sensor. The haptic presentation controller generates the stimulus from the calculated stimulus pattern. The haptic presentation controller can also calculate the stimulus pattern in cooperation with external equipment through the communication device. 
     As shown in  FIG. 62 , the haptic information presenting system includes the haptic presentation separating device at a position between the haptic presenting device and the haptic non-presenting device. The haptic presentation separating device prevents transmission of the haptic, such as the vibration, from the haptic presenting device to the haptic non-presenting device. The haptic presentation separating device is preferably a member that absorbs the stimulus or a separating device. 
     In a case of the vibration, rubber, sponge, a spring, gel, or the like is used as a material that absorbs the vibration. In a case of the ultrasonic wave, the rubber, the sponge, the spring, the gel, or the like is used as a material that absorbs the ultrasonic wave. In a case of the electric stimulus, an insulator or the like is used. 
     The haptic presenting device includes the stimulus presenting section. The stimulus presenting section is shown in  FIG. 63  to  FIG. 69 . In these drawings, a vibration body is disposed in the stimulus presenting section via an opening. The opening is provided on at least one of an upper side and a lower side of the stimulus presenting section. Alternatively, the plural openings are provided on each of the upper side and the lower side of the stimulus presenting section. 
     The vibration body transmits the vibration stimulus to the user via the opening. The vibration body is disposed in a freely movable manner in the stimulus presenting section. The vibration body is disposed in a manner to vibrate independently from the stimulus presenting section. The vibration body is in low-friction contact with an inner surface of the stimulus presenting section. Even when the fixed section is fixed by another portion of the human body or fixed to the desk or the like, the vibration body vibrates freely, and the vibration is transmitted to a fingertip or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 63  and  FIG. 64 , the vibration body includes a contact section that directly contacts the fingertip or the like of the user. In addition, the vibration body is coupled to the contact section via a vibration transmitting section. 
     As shown in  FIG. 66  to  FIG. 69 , the vibration body is provided in the stimulus presenting section via bearings such that the vibration body can freely move in the stimulus presenting section. In a state where the friction is reduced, the vibration body is disposed in the stimulus presenting section. Instead of the bearings, a fluorine-coating material that is a material with low friction may be provided on a bottom of the vibration body and an inner bottom of the stimulus presenting section. Alternatively, a liquid such as oil may be applied to the bottom of the vibration body and the inner bottom of the stimulus presenting section. Furthermore, a sponge material may be disposed or inserted to fill a space between the vibration body and the inside of the stimulus presenting section. In this way, the vibration body can generate the vibration independently from the tactile force presenting device. 
     A shape of the haptic information presenting system is not limited to a stick shape shown in  FIG. 70 . Instead, the haptic information presenting system may be disposed to have a grip shape shown in  FIG. 71 , a ring shape shown in  FIG. 72 , or a mesh shape shown in  FIG. 73 . 
     In the case where the haptic information presenting system is formed in the ring shape shown in  FIG. 72 , the fixed section is fitted to the finger or a wrist. While the fixed section comes in contact with and is fixed by the finger or the wrist, the stimulus presenting section stimulates the finger or the wrist. The number of the stimulus presenting section is not limited to one, and plural units thereof may be provided. In a case of the mesh shape in  FIG. 73 , plural units of the fixed section and the plural units of the stimulus presenting section are randomly arranged on a surface of a mesh material such as cloth. When the user places his/her hand on this mesh material, the fixed sections fix the entire hand, and the stimulus presenting section stimulates portions of the hand. 
     As described above, the stimulus presenting section is, preferably, the plural units of the stimulus presenting section are disposed with the fixed section. In this way, the stimulus presenting section can be actuated in accordance with an intensity difference, a phase difference, a frequency difference, a time difference, or the like. 
     A method for generating a stimulus is shown. 
       FIGS. 75A to 75D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a sensory characteristic relating to a force sensation, in which rotations of two eccentric rotators A  912  and B  913  are phase-synchronized to combine the displacement. 
     Here,  FIG. 75B  schematically shows a case where the two eccentric rotators A  912  and B  913  in  FIG. 75A  are synchronously rotated in the same direction with a phase delay of 180 degrees. As a result of this synchronous rotation, a torque rotation without eccentricity can be formed. 
       FIG. 75C  schematically shows a case where a sensory characteristic  931  has a logarithmic function characteristic, indicating that the sensory characteristic  931  has, similarly to the sensory characteristic  211 , has a sensory quantity  933  having a nonlinear characteristic of a logarithm or the like to a physical quantity  932  as a stimulus. When consideration is given to a case where a positive torque is generated at an operation point A  934  on the sensory characteristic  931  and a negative torque in the opposite direction is generated at an operation point B  935 , a torque sensation  944  is represented as in  FIG. 75D . A torque  943  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity  942  of a rotator. When an operation is performed at the operation points A  934  and B  935 , the torque sensation  944  is perceived. 
     The torque  943  is physically returned to an initial state  948  in one cycle, and its integral value is zero. However, the sensory integral value of the torque sensation  944  as a sensory quantity does not necessarily become zero. By suitably selecting the operation points A  934  and B  935  to set an operation point A duration time  945  and an operation point B duration time  946  suitably, the torque sensation can continue to be freely presented in an arbitrary direction. 
     The above is also established in the case of a rotational or translational displacement as well as in the case of a torque rotation or when the sensory characteristic  931  exhibits a nonlinear characteristic of an exponential function or the like. Even when the sensory characteristic  931  in  FIG. 75C  has a threshold value, a similar torque sensation occurs and the torque sensation can continue to be intermittently presented only in one direction. 
       FIG. 76A  shows the direction of a pseudo-haptic sensation that is induced by an initial phase (θi) of a phase pattern and perceived by the user. 
     A pseudo-haptic device  107  can control the direction  1202  of a pseudo-haptic sensation that is induced by a change in the momentum formed by the eccentric rotators to the direction of the initial phase (θi) by changing the initial phase ( 8   i ) at the beginning of rotation in  FIG. 76B . For example, the pseudo-haptic device  107  can induce a pseudo-haptic sensation in an arbitrary direction within 360 degrees in a plane by changing the initial phase ( 8   i ) as shown in  FIG. 76C . 
     At this time, when a pseudo-haptic interface device  101  has a large weight, the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  cannot create a sufficient buoyancy sensation  1202  which makes the user feel as if it is lifted up and may be felt heavy because an upward force sensation  1202  caused by the pseudo-haptic sensation and a downward force sensation  1204  caused by the gravity cancel each other out. In such a case, a decrease or inhibition of buoyancy sensation caused by the gravity can be reduced by inducing the pseudo-haptic sensation  1203  in a direction slightly offset from the direction opposite the direction of gravity. 
     When a pseudo-haptic sensation is desired to be presented in a direction opposite the direction of gravity, a pseudo-haptic sensation may be induced alternately in two directions slightly offset from the vertical direction, that is, at 180°+α° and 180°−α°. 
       FIG. 77A  to  FIG. 77F  show one example of control of a pseudo-haptic device (haptic device) that presents a basic haptic sensation or pseudo-haptic sensation. 
       FIG. 77A  schematically shows a method for generating a rotational force in a pseudo-haptic device  107 , and  FIG. 77D  schematically shows a method for generating a translational force. Two eccentric weights  814  in FIG.  77 A rotate in the same direction with a phase delay of 180 degrees. On the other hand, in  FIG. 77D , the eccentric weights  814  rotate in the opposite directions. 
     (1) When two eccentric rotators are synchronously rotated in the same direction with a phase delay of 180 degrees as shown in  FIG. 77B , a torque rotation without eccentricity is formed because the two eccentric rotators are located at point symmetrical positions and therefore the center of gravity coincides with the axis of rotation. This enables presentation of a rotational force sensation. However, because a time differential of angular momentum is a torque and because it is necessary to continue to increase the rotation velocity of a motor continuously in order to continue to present a torque in one direction continuously, it is in reality difficult to present a rotational force sensation continuously. 
     (2) A pseudo-haptic sensation of a rotational force continuous in one direction (continuous torque sensation) is induced by synchronous control using angular velocities ω 1  and ω 2  as shown in  FIG. 77C . 
     (3) When the two rotators are synchronously rotated in opposite directions at a constant angular velocity as shown in  FIG. 77E , a force that vibrates linearly in an arbitrary direction (simple harmonic oscillation) can be formed by controlling an initial phase θi 1201 . 
     (4) When the two rotators are respectively rotated synchronously in opposite directions at angular velocities ω 1  and ω 2  according to a sensory characteristic relating to a pseudo-haptic sensation as shown in  FIG. 77F , a pseudo-haptic sensation of a translational force that is continuous in one direction (continuous force sensation) is induced. 
     In the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 , when the rotation velocities (angular velocities) and the phase synchronization are adequately controlled based on a human sensory characteristic as shown in  FIG. 77C  and  FIG. 77F , the control circuit can be simplified because a pseudo-haptic sensation can be induced only by combining two angular velocities (ω 1 , ω 2 ). 
       FIG. 78  schematically shows the phenomenon in  FIG. 75  and its effect. By controlling the rotation pattern of an eccentric motor  815  to vary the combined momentum of the two eccentric rotators temporally in view of a sensory characteristic relating to a pseudo-haptic sensation, it is possible to induce a sensory illusion  905  that makes the user perceive a force acting continuously in one direction from vibration  904  that periodically accelerate or decelerate about an equilibrium point. In other words, a sensory illusion that makes the user feel as if a force is acting in one direction is induced regardless of the fact that no force component acting in one direction exists physically. 
     When the rotators are alternately accelerated or decelerated at the operation points A and B every time the phase changes by 180 degrees, a force sensation  905  in one direction is continuously perceived. The force is physically returned to an initial state in one cycle, and its momentum and an integral value of the force are zero. In other words, the acceleration-deceleration mechanism remains around the equilibrium point and does not move leftward. However, the sensory integral value of the force sensation as a sensory quantity does not become zero. At this time, the perception of an integral  908  of a positive force decreases and only an integral  909  of a negative force is perceived. 
     Here, because a time differential of an angular momentum is a torque and a time differential of a momentum is a force and because it is necessary to continue to increase the rotation velocity of a motor or a linear motor continuously in order to continue to generate a torque and a force in one direction, a method in which a rotating body or the like is periodically rotated is not suitable for continuously presenting a force sensation in one direction. In particular, it is physically impossible to present a continuous force in one direction with a non-base type interface such as those used in mobile devices. 
     However, because humans have a nonlinear sensory characteristic, it is possible to make them perceive a force or force pattern that is different from physical properties illusionally by utilizing the perceptual sensitivity relating to a pseudo-haptic characteristic or controlling the acceleration-deceleration patterns of momentum when the method of the present invention is used. For example, the human&#39;s sensory characteristic has different sensitivities to stimuli of different intensities (here, sensitivity is defined as the ratio of the intensity of the perceived stimulus to the intensity of the given stimulus); they are more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to strong stimuli. Thus, by controlling the acceleration and deceleration phases of motor rotation to repeat acceleration and deceleration periodically, it is possible to present a continuous force sensation in the direction in which a weak stimulus is presented. In addition, it is also possible to present a continuous force sensation in the direction in which a strong stimulus is presented by selecting operation points A and B with an appropriate sensory characteristic. 
     A driving simulator is considered as a similar device. In a driving simulator, acceleration of a vehicle is presented by slowly returning the user to the original position with acceleration that is too small to be noticed after a target force (acceleration feeling) is given. Thus, the force is presented intermittently. It is, therefore, impossible to present a force sensation or acceleration feeling feel in one direction continuously with such an asymmetric acceleration type method. The situation is the same even with a conventional haptic interface device. However, in the present invention, a sensory illusion is utilized to present a translational force sensation  905  that is continuous in one direction. In particular, the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 , which uses a sensory illusion, is characterized in enabling the user to perceive a continuous force in a direction opposite the direction of an intermittent force that is presented by a physical method in the above driving simulator. 
     In other words, by utilizing the human nonlinear sensory characteristic that shows different sensitivities to different intensities, even if the integral of forces that are generated by periodical acceleration and deceleration or vibration is physically zero, the forces are not cancelled out sensuously and a translational force-like force sensation  905  or torque feeling is presented continuously in a negative direction  909  as a target direction (see  FIG. 77C  for a method for producing a continuous torque sensation). In this case, a positive force  908  is not perceived. These phenomena provide the same effect for any nonlinear characteristics even when a sensory characteristic  831  has a non-logarithm sensory quantity with respect to a physical quantity  832  as a stimulus. This effect can be achieved with a non-base type interface as well as with a base type interface. 
     In  FIG. 78 , when the rotation duration time Ta at the operation point A is reduced close to zero, the combined momentum in the section of the rotation duration time Ta becomes large and the force sensation also become large because the momentum in the each section of the rotation duration times Ta and Tb are equal to each other. However, because the force sensation changes logarithmically and the sensitivity decreases, the integral of the perceived value in the section of the rotation duration time Ta approaches zero. Thus, the force sensation in the section of the rotation duration time Tb becomes relatively larger and the continuity of the force sensation  905  in one direction improves. As a result, it is possible to continue to present a force sensation freely in an arbitrary direction by suitably selecting the operation points A and B and suitably setting an operation point A duration time and an operation point B duration time to adjust the synchronized phase between the two eccentric rotators A and B. 
       FIGS. 79A to 79D  show nonlinear characteristics that are used in the pseudo-haptic interface device. In the drawing, a sensory characteristic ( FIG. 79A  and  FIG. 79B ), a nonlinear characteristic of a viscoelastic material ( FIG. 79C ), and a hysteresis characteristic of a viscoelastic material ( FIG. 79D ) are shown. 
       FIG. 79B  is a schematic view showing, similarly to  FIG. 75 , a sensory characteristic of a human having a threshold value  2206  for a physical quantity. The drawing shows that a sensation which does not exist physically is induced as a pseudo-haptic sensation when the pseudo-haptic interface device is controlled in view of this sensory characteristic. 
     When a material having physical properties which show a nonlinear stress characteristic in response to an applied force is interposed between a device that generates a drive force such as displacement, vibration, torque or force and an integumentary sense organ of a human as shown in  FIG. 79C , a similar pseudo-haptic sensation is also induced. 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG. 79D , the sensory characteristic is not isotropic between a time when displacement is increased and a time when it is decreased, for example, between a time when a muscle is extended and a time when it is contracted, and often indicates a hysteresis sensory characteristic. A muscle contracts significantly immediately after it is pulled strongly. When such a strong hysteresis characteristic is generated, an induction of a similar pseudo-haptic sensation is promoted. 
       FIGS. 80A to 80D  are views showing a haptic information presentation method using a method in which a sensory characteristic is changed by a masking effect relating to a force sensation as one example of a method for changing the sensory characteristic. 
     The sensory characteristic is masked by a masking displacement (vibration), and a torque sensation  434  is decreased. As this masking method, simultaneous masking  424  (having satisfactory results in masking of the visual sense and hearing sense), forward masking  425  and backward masking  426  are enumerated.  FIG. 80A  schematically shows a torque  413  as a maskee, and the torque sensation  434  perceived at this time is represented as in  FIG. 80C . The torque  413  is proportional to the time differential of a rotation velocity  412  of a rotator. 
     At this time, initialization times  415  in which the rotation velocity  412  of the rotator is initialized and masking duration times  425  corresponding thereto are shortened like initialization times  445  and masking duration times  455  shown in  FIG. 6A  ( FIG. 80D ) until they become shorter than a certain specific time, critical fusion occurs in which although a negative torque due to the initialization physically exists, it is felt as if torque is continuously presented like a torque sensation  464 . 
     A masker to generate a masking displacement (vibration) may be a rotator different from a rotator as a maskee by which torque is masked or the rotator itself as the maskee. The case where the rotator of the maskee also serves as masker means that at the time of masking, the rotator is controlled to generate the masking displacement (vibration) by the control device. The displacement (vibration) direction of the masker may or may not be the same as the rotation direction of the rotator as the maskee. 
     The above can also occur in the case where the maskee and the masker are the same stimulus (in the case where the rotator of the maskee serves also as a masker). 
       FIG. 81  schematically shows this case. As shown in  FIG. 81 , before and after strong torque sensations  485  and  486 , a torque sensation  484  is decreased by a forward masking  485  and a backward masking  486 . 
     With respect to the sensory characteristic, the sensitivity of a torque sensation  517  is changed according to a muscle tensile state or at least one state of physical, physiological and psychological states. For example, when a muscle is instantaneously extended by a presented torque  514  (high torque  524  in a short time) as an external force, a sensor called a muscle spindle in the muscle senses this, and the muscle is quickly contracted in a conditioned reflex way by a muscle cause torque  515  (muscle reflex cause torque  525 ) having power not lower than this external force. At this time, myoelectricity  511  is generated. Upon detecting it, a control circuit  512  controls a haptic presentation device  513 , and changes the sensitivity of the torque sensation  517  by activating a presented torque  516  (gentle middle torque  526 ) in synchronization with the contraction of the muscle. 
     The above is established not only in the muscle tensile state but also in the case of the change of sensory sensitivity due to at least one state of breath, posture and neural firing states. 
     In a palm, the sensitivity is different according to the palm direction because of the anatomical structure of a skeleton, joint, tendon, muscle and the like. A direction presentation with high precision becomes possible by correcting the intensity (rotation velocity ω 612 ) of the presented physical quantity in conformity with the sensitivity (anisotropic sensitivity curve  611 ) dependent on the palm direction. 
       FIGS. 82A to 82C  are views showing a method for presenting vibration haptic information in an arbitrary direction using a method in which a sensory characteristic is changed by a masking effect relating to a force sensation as one example of a control method for continuously or intermittently presenting haptic information on at least one of a displacement sensation, a vibration sensation, a force sensation and a torque sensation in an arbitrary direction. 
     The sensory characteristic is masked by a masking displacement (vibration)  1216 , and a force sensation  1224  is decreased. This masking displacement (vibration) can be generated by synchronizing the rotation velocity  1022  of the eccentric rotator A with the rotation velocity  1023  of the eccentric rotator A in  FIG. 75B  to change (fluctuate) the velocities as shown in  FIG. 75B .  FIG. 82A  schematically shows this, and the force sensation  1224  perceived at this time is represented as in  FIG. 82B . A force  1213  is proportional to the time differential of a magnitude  1212  of the combined rotation velocity of the two eccentric rotators. 
     At this time, when initialization times  1215  in which the rotation velocity  1212  of the rotator is initialized are shortened until they become shorter than a certain specific time as shown in  FIG. 82C , critical fusion occurs in which although a negative force due to the initialization physically exists, it is felt as if a force is continuously presented like a force sensation  1244 . 
     The above also occurs in the case where a maskee and a masker are different rotators, and a similar continuous presented sensation occurs not only in the case of a force but also in the case of a torque. 
     Like the sensory characteristic shown in  FIG. 83A  to  FIG. 83C , different users have different sensory characteristics. Thus, some people clearly perceive a pseudo-haptic sensation but some do not, and some people improve their perceptivity by learning. The present invention has a device that corrects such differences among individuals. In addition, when the same stimulus is persistently presented, the sensation to the stimulus may become dull. Thus, fluctuating the intensity, frequency and/or direction of stimulus is effective to prevent the user from getting used to the stimulus. 
       FIG. 83D  shows one example of a method for presenting a force in one direction using a pseudo-haptic sensation. When a high rotation velocity ω 1  (high frequency f 1 )  1002   a  at an operation point A and a low rotation velocity ω 2  (low frequency f 2 )  1002   b  at an operation point B are alternately presented at phase intervals of 180 degrees in a method in which displacement components or vibration components from two eccentric vibrators rotated in opposite directions are combined, the pseudo-haptic sensation intensity (II) is proportional to the logarithm of the acceleration-deceleration ratio Δf/f (wherein (f=(f 1 +f 2 )/2, Δf=f 1 −f 2 )) of the frequencies which are the rotation velocities of the eccentric rotators ( FIG. 83E ). The gradient n that is created when the logarithmic values of the pseudo-haptic sensation intensity and Δf/f are plotted represents an individual difference. 
     In addition, a sensation intensity (VI) represents the intensity of a displacement component or vibration component that is perceived simultaneously with a force sensation in one direction caused by a sensory illusion. The intensity of the displacement component or vibration component is approximately inversely proportional to the physical quantity f (logarithm), and the sensation intensity (VI) relatively decreases when the frequency f is increased ( FIG. 83F ). By controlling the intensity containing the displacement component or vibration component, the texture of force is changed when a pseudo-haptic sensation is presented. The gradient m that is created when the logarithms are plotted represents an individual difference. The values n and m each representing an individual difference change as learning proceeds and converges to a certain value when the learning is saturated. 
       FIG. 84A  to  FIG. 84C  show a method for expressing a texture of a virtual flat plate  1100 . The motion of the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  represents the motion  1101  (position, posture angle, velocity or acceleration) of a virtual object monitored by the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  through sensing, and a friction sensation  1109  or roughness sensation  1111  as a texture of the virtual flat plate and its shape are controlled by controlling the direction, intensity and texture parameters (contained vibration components) of a resisting force  1102  created by the pseudo-haptic sensation in response to the motion of the virtual object. 
       FIG. 84A  shows a resisting force  1103  that acts from the virtual flat plate to a virtual object when the virtual object (pseudo-haptic interface device  101 ) is moved on the virtual flat plate  1100  and the resisting force  1102 , which acts against the motion. 
       FIG. 84B  shows that a frictional force  1104  that acts between the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  and the virtual flat plate  1100  when they are in contact with each other vibrationally alternates between kinetic and static frictions. In addition, the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  makes the user to perceive the presence and shape of the virtual flat plate by presenting a resisting force  1106  that push the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  back so that the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  remains within the tolerance thickness  1107  of the virtual flat plate by feedback control. The resisting force for pushing the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  back is not presented when the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  is not on the virtual flat plate  1100 . The resisting force is presented only when the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  is on the virtual flat plate  1100  so that the user can perceive the presence of a wall. 
       FIG. 84C  shows a method for expressing a surface roughness. The pseudo-haptic interface device  101  makes the user to feel resistance or stickiness  1108  by presenting a resisting force in a direction opposite the direction  1101  in which the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  is moved based on its moving velocity or acceleration. The pseudo-haptic interface device  101  can emphasize the smooth feeling  1110  of the virtual flat plate as if it is sliding on ice by presenting a negative resisting force (accelerating force  1113 ) in the same direction as the direction in which the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  is moved. Such an acceleration feeling or smooth feeling  1110 , which is difficult to present with a non-base type haptic interface device using a conventional vibrator, is the texture and effect that are achieved by the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 , which uses sensory illusions. In addition, the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  makes the user to perceive a surface roughness sensation  1111  of the virtual flat plate by vibrationally fluctuating the resisting force (a fluctuating resisting force  1112 ). 
       FIGS. 85A to 85F  show a control algorithm using a viscoelastic material whose properties change depending on an applied voltage. 
     In a method using a viscoelastic material, materials with different stress-deformation characteristics ( 2403 ,  2404 ) are attached but a material  1707  whose viscoelastic properties change depending on an applied voltage as shown in  FIG. 85A  may be used. By controlling the applied voltage to change the viscoelastic coefficient ( FIG. 85B ), the rate of transfer of the momentum that is generated by the eccentric rotators and is changed periodically to the palm is changed in synchronization with the rotational phases of the eccentric rotators. Then, because the momentum that is transferred to the palm or finger tip can be controlled by temporally changing the viscoelastic properties so that they can reach the characteristic values at operation points B and A as shown in  FIG. 85D , the same effect as that achieved by increasing or decreasing the rotation velocity of the eccentric rotators can be achieved even when the eccentric rotators are being rotated at a constant rotation velocity as shown in  FIG. 85C  (constant-velocity rotation). 
     In addition, this method has the same effect as simulatively changing the physical properties of the skin, and has the effect of simulatively changing the sensory characteristic curve ( FIG. 85E . Thus, it can be used in control to absorb differences in sensory characteristic among individuals or to enhance the efficiency in inducing a pseudo-haptic sensation. In addition, a viscoelastic material may be attached to the finger tip or body of the user as shown in  FIG. 85F  similarly to the case where a viscoelastic material is attached to a surface of the pseudo-haptic device as shown in  FIG. 85A . Here, the quality and characteristics of the viscoelastic material are not limited as long as its stress-strain characteristics can be linearly controlled by changing the applied voltage. In addition, the control method is not limited to the control using an applied voltage as long as nonlinear control can be used. 
     When the rotation of a motor is accelerated and decelerated repeatedly as shown in  FIG. 85B , large energy loss and heat generation occur. In this method, however, because the rotation velocity of the motor is constant ( FIG. 85C ) or the acceleration ratio f 1 /f 2  has a value close to 1 and because the characteristics are changed by changing the applied voltage, the energy consumed in this method is smaller than the energy that is consumed when a motor is accelerated and decelerated. 
       FIG. 86  shows one example of control of the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 . 
     In this device, a motor  1704  is controlled by a motor feedback (FB) characteristic controller that controls a feedback characteristic of the motor  1704  and a control signal generator that converts a pseudo-haptic sensation induction pattern into a motor control signal. In the present invention, it is essential to control the synchronization of phase patterns θ(t)=F(u, II, VI, R) of motor rotation, and it is necessary to synchronously control it temporally with high accuracy. As one example of a method for that, position control using a pulse train for controlling a servo motor is herein shown. When a step rotator is used for position control, it often loses synchronism or becomes uncontrollable easily because of sudden acceleration or deceleration. Thus, here, pulse position control using a servo motor is described. In the present invention, which uses a number of pseudo-haptic interface devices  101  that are synchronously controlled, when control is divided into control of a motor feedback (FB) control characteristic and motor control using a pulse position control method, consistency of motor control signals that is required when a different motor is used, quick generation of a pseudo-haptic sensation induction pattern, and scalability which enables the devices to easily adapt to an increase of the number of control motors to be synchronously controlled can be achieved. In addition, correction of personal differences can be made easily. 
     In a pseudo-haptic induction function generator  1701 , a motor FB characteristic controller and a motor control signal generator are controlled by separate control signals. A pulse signal train gi(t)=gi(f(t)) for controlling the phase position of the motor is generated in the motor control signal generator to control the phase pattern θ(t) of the motor. 
     In this method, the rotational phase of the motor is feedback-controlled by the number of pulses. For example, the motor is rotated by 1.8 degrees by one pulse. The direction of rotation is selected from forward and reverse by a direction control signal. The use of this pulse control method enables any acceleration or deceleration pattern (rotation velocity, rotation acceleration) to be controlled at arbitrary phase timing with the phase relationship among two or more motors maintained. 
       FIG. 87A  shows an example of implementation of the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 87A  and  FIG. 87B , the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  is worn on a finger tip  533  with an adhesive tape  1301  or using a finger insertion portion  1303  of a housing  1302 . The pseudo-haptic interface device  101  may be worn between fingers  533  ( FIG. 87C ) or may be held between fingers  533  ( FIG. 87D ) while in use. The housing  1302  may be made of a hard material which is not deformed easily, a material which is deformed easily, or a slimy material having viscoelasticity. Possible variations of these ways of wearing are shown in  FIG. 72 . By controlling the phases of two basic units of the pseudo-haptic device, it is possible to express a swelling sensation and a compressing or oppressing sensation in addition to a force sensation in leftward, rightward, upward and downward directions with a flexible adhesive tape or housing. An item used to mount the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  on the body of the user, such as the adhesive tape or the housing having a finger insertion portion, is referred to as “mounting portion.” The mounting portion may be of any form as long as it can be mounted on an object or body. The mounting portion may be in the form of a sheet, belt or tights instead of an adhesive tape or housing having a finger insertion portion as described above. The pseudo-haptic interface device  101  can be mounted in a similar fashion on any part of the body such as finger tip, palm, arm and thigh. 
     The term “viscoelastic material” and “viscoelastic properties” as used herein referred to as a material having viscosity or elasticity. 
       FIGS. 88A to 88E  show other examples of implementation of the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 . 
     In  FIG. 88A , a pseudo-haptic device  107  and an acceleration sensor  108  are located on opposite sides with respect to a finger  533  to reduce the influence of vibration on the acceleration sensor  108 . Otherwise, the pseudo-haptic device  107  is detected as noise vibration by the acceleration sensor  108 . In addition, noise contamination is further reduced by cancelling noise vibration detected by the acceleration sensor  108  based on a control signal from the pseudo-haptic device  107 . 
     In  FIG. 88C  to  FIG. 88E , a vibration absorbing material  1405  is interposed between the pseudo-haptic device  107  and the acceleration sensor  108  to reduce noise vibration contamination. 
       FIG. 88D  shows a pseudo-haptic interface device  101  that enables the user to touch a real object and perceive a pseudo-haptic sensation simultaneously. A pseudo-haptic sensation is added to the feel of a real object. In a conventional data glove, a force sensation is presented by pulling wires attached to fingers to which a haptic sensation is presented. When haptic sensation is presented to fingers on a real object using a data glove, it is difficult to combine the feel of real and virtual objects since the fingers may be separated from the real object or grip may be inhibited. Such problems do not occur in the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 . It can provide a combined sensation (mixed reality) which enables the user to feel a virtual touch even when the user holds a real object firmly. 
     In  FIG. 88E , the feel of holding or contacting a real object is altered or converted into the feel of a virtual object  531  by adding a pseudo-haptic sensation based on the degree of contact with the real object and the grip pressure measured by a pressure sensor  110 . In  FIG. 88F , a shape sensor (such as a photosensor) for measuring a surface shape or changes in shape is used, instead of the pressure sensor shown in  FIG. 88E , to measure the shape or surface shape of the held object that relates to its feel and measure the grip force, strain sear force or contact resulting from deformation. As a result, a touch sensation magnifier that emphasizes the measured stress, sear force or surface shape is realized. The user can not only visually recognize the minute surface shape on a display as if he or she is observing it under a microscope but also haptically recognize its shape. In addition, when a photosensor is used as a shape sensor, the user can feel the shape of an object only by laying a hand over it because it can measure the shape of an object in a contactless manner. 
     In addition, in the case of a variable touch button with a command on a touch panel that changes depending on the status of use or context, in particular, in the case of a variable touch button, such as those of cellular phones, which is hidden by a finger when it is pressed, the command of the variable touch button is hidden and made invisible by a finger. Similarly, when a variable touch button in a virtual space of VR content is pressed, the user becomes unaware of the meaning of the button he or she now wants to press because the menu or command changes depending on the context. Thus, when the meaning of the command on a pseudo-haptic button is displayed on a display  1406  on the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  as shown in  FIG. 88E , the user can check it before pressing the button. 
     To enable the user to operate a virtual object  531  and the pressing information and pressing reaction force from a virtual button of a virtual controller in the same way as a real object without any discomfort, the time lag between the application of a pressing force and the presence of a pressing reaction force becomes a problem. For example, in the case of an arm-shaped grounding-type haptic interface, the position of the holding finger is measured based on the angle of the arm or the like, and stress to be presented is calculated after contact or interference with a digital model is determined. Thereafter, the rotation of the motor is controlled and motion or stress of the arm is presented. Thus, there may occur a response delay. In particular, when the user is playing a game, monitoring and controlling on the content side may lead to delays in response because the user operates buttons reflexively and quickly. In such a case, a CPU and a memory for monitoring the sensors ( 108 ,  109 ,  110 ) and controlling the pseudo-haptic device  107  and the viscoelastic material  1404  are also equipped in the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  to provide real-time control. This improves the response to pressing of virtual buttons and improves reality and operability. 
     The pseudo-haptic interface device  101  has a communication device  205  and communicates with other pseudo-haptic interface devices  101 . For example, when pseudo-haptic interface devices  101  are mounted on all the fingers and thumb, it is possible to change the shape of a shape-changeable material in each pseudo-haptic interface device ( 1403  in  FIG. 88B ) in synchronization with a motion of the corresponding finger or thumb or to enable the user to perceive a change in shape or feel of a virtual controller or operate virtual buttons in real time. This improves reality and operability. 
     In  FIG. 88A , in order to utilize a hysteresis characteristic of a sensation or muscle effectively, a myoelectric reaction is measured with a myoelectric sensor  110  and the pseudo-haptic induction function is corrected in a feedback manner so that the time and intensity of muscle contraction can increase. One factor that affects the induction of a pseudo-haptic sensation is the way of mounting the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  on a finger or palm (the way of pinching or pinching strength) or the user&#39;s manner of putting power into the arm that receives a force from the pseudo-haptic interface device  101 . Different people have different sensitivities to a pseudo-haptic sensation. Some people feel a pseudo-haptic sensation with high sensitivity when they make a loose first and some feels a pseudo-haptic sensation with high sensitivity when they make a tight fist. Similarly, the sensitivity changes depending on the tightness with which the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  is worn. To absorb the differences between individuals, the pressure sensor  109  or the myoelectric sensor  110  monitors the user&#39;s way of making a first to measure the individual difference and correct the pseudo-haptic induction function in real time. People get used to physical simulations in content and learn the right way of making a fist. This correction has the effect of promoting it. 
     While the pseudo-haptic interface device  101  has a large thickness so that the component structure can be seen in  FIG. 88A  to  FIG. 88E , each component may be of a sheet-like flat configuration. 
       FIG. 89A  shows a device that emphasizes a pseudo-haptic sensation  905  induced by a pseudo-haptic device by changing the shape  3001  of a pseudo-haptic interface device in synchronization with a pseudo-haptic force with shape changing motors  3002  in addition to causing the pseudo-haptic device to induce a pseudo-haptic sensation. 
     For example, when this is applied to a fishing game as shown in FIG.  89 B, the tensile force sensation from the fishing line induced by the pseudo-haptic sensation  905  is enhanced by bending the shape  3001  of the interface backward in synchronization with the fish pulling the fishing rod. At this time, the user cannot experience such a real tug by simply changing the shape of the interface without a pseudo-haptic sensation. The addition of a change in shape of the interface to the pseudo-haptic sensation improves reality. In addition, when basic units of a pseudo-haptic device are spatially arranged as shown in  FIG. 89C , a deformation effect can be created without the shape changing motors  3002 . 
     Instead of the shape changing motors  3002 , any mechanism that can change a shape, such as a drive unit using a shape-memory alloy or piezoelectric element, may be used to create such a change in shape. 
       FIGS. 90A to 90E  show an alternative device for the pseudo-haptic device  107 . 
     Instead of eccentric weights  814  of the eccentric rotators and the eccentric motor  815  for driving them shown in  FIG. 90A , a weight  2302  and extendable members  2303  are used in  FIG. 90( b )  to  FIG. 90E . For example,  FIG. 90B  shows a plan view, a front view and a side view in a case where the weight  2302  is supported by eight extendable members  2303 , and  FIG. 90D  show a plan view, a front view and a side view in a case where the weight  2302  is supported by four extendable members  2303 . In each drawing, the weight can be moved in an arbitrary direction by extending and contracting paired extendable members  2303 . As a result, translational or rotational displacement or vibration can be generated. Any structure having an acceleration-deceleration mechanism that can generate and control a translational movement of the center of gravity or a rotation torque can be used as an alternative. 
     The use of such a haptic presentation device enables the operator to effectively feel a sense of insertion, a sense of push, a sense of denting, a sense of depth, a sense of being pushed back, a sense of floating, a sense of convergence of vibration or amplitude, a sense of reverberation of vibration or amplitude, a sense of direction of displacement or movement, a sense of sinking, a sense of hardness, a sense of softness or a sense of solidity no matter how small the stimulus generated in a vibration generating part in the haptic presentation device is. In addition, even when such a sensation is not reproduced or presented in a physical sense, the user can sensuously experience such a sensation and a physical response or reflex. 
     Implementation of the present invention makes it possible to achieve a useful man-machine interface that can be mounted in machines and instruments used in the field of virtual reality, machines and instruments used in the field of game, amusement and entertainment, portable communication devices used in the field of IT, information terminal devices, navigation devices, personal digital assistants, in machines and instruments used in the field of automobile and robot, machines and instruments used in medical and welfare services, machines and instruments used in the field of space technology and so on. 
     More specifically, in the field of virtual reality or intelligent home appliances, it is possible to provide someone with haptic information such as a haptic sense or texture via a man-machine interface to which the present invention is applied or to present the existence of an object in virtual and real spaces, the impact from a collision or an operational feeling for a device by applying a resisting force or reaction force to limit the movement of someone. When the interface is mounted in a cellular phone, a portable navigation device or the like, various instructions and guidance that were impossible with conventional technology can be provided via the skin of the operator. 
     Because the interface of the present invention can present various textures, it is applicable to stationery, notebooks, pens, home appliance, advertising displays, signage, kiosk terminals, walls, tables, chairs, massagers, vehicles, robots, wheelchairs, tableware, shakers, simulators (for surgery, driving, massage, sports, walking, musical instruments, crafts, paintings, art) to give added value, such as senses or texture including a sense of insertion, a sense of denting, a sense of depth, a sense of being pushed back, a sense of floating, a sense of convergence, a sense of reverberation, a sense of direction, a sense of sinking, a sense of hardness, a sense of softness, a sense of smoothness, a sense of slipperiness, a sense of greasiness, a sense of sliminess, a sense of sandiness, a sense of unevenness, a sense of prickliness, a sense of stiffness, a sense of solidness or a sense of marshmallowiness, to products.