Patent Publication Number: US-10764778-B2

Title: Radio network node and method for using positioning gap indication for enhancing positioning performance

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/663,729, filed Jul. 29, 2017, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/803,189, filed Jul. 20, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,743,307 B2, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/438,305, filed Apr. 3, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,119,102 B2, issued Aug. 25, 2015, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/471,303 filed on Apr. 4, 2011. The contents of these documents are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a wireless communications network in which positioning measurements (e.g., inter-frequency OTDOA measurements or inter-frequency E-CID measurements) may be performed on different frequencies and measurement gaps may be requested for such measurements. In one embodiment, a radio network node (e.g., eNodeB, responsible node) is described for configuring a measurement gap for positioning to be used by a user equipment (UE). 
     BACKGROUND 
     The following abbreviations are herewith defined, at least some of which are referred to within the following description about the prior art and the present invention.
     3GPP 3 rd  Generation Partnership Project   AECID Adaptive E-CID   A-GNSS Assisted-GNSS   A-GPS Assisted-GPS   ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation   AoA Angle-of-Arrival   BS Base Station   CDMA Code Division Multiple Access   CQI Channel Quality Indicator   CRS Cell Specific Reference Signals   DRX Discontinuous Reception   E-CID Enhanced Cell Identification   eICIC Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination   eNodeB Evolved Node B   E-SMLC Evolved SMLC   E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN   GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Centre   GNSS Global Navigational Satellite System   GPS Global Positioning System   GSM Global System for Mobile Communications   LBS Location-Based Service   LCS Location Services   LPP LTE Positioning Protocol   LPPa LPP Annex   LTE Long-Term Evolution   MDT Minimization of Drive Tests   MME Mobile Management Entity   MSR Multi-Standard Radio   O &amp; M Operations &amp; Maintenance   OMA Open Mobile Alliance   OTDOA Observed Time Difference of Arrival   PCI Physical Cell Identity   PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway   P-GW Packet-Gateway   PRS Positioning Reference Signal   RAN Radio Access Network   RAT Radio Access Technology   RB Resource Block   RRC Radio Resource Control   RRM Radio Resource Management   RS Reference Signal   RSRP Reference Signal Received Power   RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality   RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator   RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference   S-GW Serving-Gateway   SLP SUPL Location Platform   SLC SUPL Location Center   SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center   SON Self Organizing Network   SPC Signalling Point Code   SUPL Secure User Plane Location   TA Timing Advance   UE User Equipment   UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System   UTDOA Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival   UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access   WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access   

     The possibility of identifying the geographical location of a user (e.g., wireless terminal, UE) in a telecommunications network has enabled a large variety of commercial and non-commercial services, e.g., navigation assistance, social networking, location-aware advertising, emergency calls, etc. Different services may have different positioning accuracy requirements which are imposed by the application. In addition, some regulatory requirements on the positioning accuracy for basic emergency services exist in some countries, i.e. FCC E911 in US. 
     In many environments, the position of the wireless terminal can be accurately estimated by using positioning methods based on GPS (Global Positioning System). Nowadays, telecommunication networks often have a possibility to assist UEs in order to improve the terminal receiver sensitivity and GPS start-up performance (Assisted-GPS positioning, or A-GPS). GPS or A-GPS receivers, however, may not necessarily be available in all wireless terminals. Furthermore, GPS is known to often fail in indoor environments and urban canyons. Thus, a complementary terrestrial positioning method, called Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), has been standardized by 3GPP. In addition to OTDOA, the LTE standard also specifies methods, procedures and signaling support for Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) and A-GNSS. Plus, a positioning method known as Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival (UTDOA) is also being standardized for LTE. 
     1. Positioning in LTE 
     The three key network elements in an LTE positioning architecture are the LCS Client, the LCS target device (e.g., terminal) and the LCS Server. The LCS Server is a physical or logical entity that manages positioning for the LCS target device by collecting measurements and other location information, assisting the terminal in measurements when necessary, and estimating the LCS target location. The LCS Client is a software and/or hardware entity that interacts with the LCS Server for the purpose of obtaining location information for one or more LCS target devices, i.e. the entities being positioned. The LCS Client may reside in the LCS target device itself. The LCS Client sends a request to the LCS Server to obtain location information, and the LCS Server processes and serves the received request and sends the positioning result and optionally a velocity estimate to the LCS Client. A positioning request can be originated from the terminal or the network. 
     The position calculation can be conducted, for example, by the LTE&#39;s LCS server (e.g., E-SMLC or SLP) or by the UE. The former approach corresponds to what is known as the UE-assisted positioning mode, while the latter approach corresponds to what is known as the UE-based positioning mode. 
     The LTE currently supports two positioning protocols namely LPP and LPPa which operate via the radio network. The LPP is a point-to-point protocol between the LCS Server and the LCS target device, used in order to position the target device. LPP can be used both in the user and control plane, and multiple LPP procedures are allowed in series and/or in parallel thereby reducing latency. LPPa is a protocol between the eNodeB and the LCS Server and is specified only for control-plane positioning procedures, although it still can assist user-plane positioning by querying eNodeBs for information and eNodeB measurements. In this case, the SUPL protocol can be used as a transport for LPP in the user plane. The LPP also has a possibility to convey LPP extension messages inside LPP messages, e.g., currently OMA LPP extensions are being specified (LPPe) to allow, e.g., for operator- or manufacturer-specific assistance data or assistance data that cannot be provided with LPP or to support other position reporting formats or new positioning methods. The LPPe may also be embedded into messages of other positioning protocol, which is not necessarily LPP. 
     A high-level architecture of a radio network  100 , as it is currently standardized in LTE, is illustrated in  FIG. 1  (PRIOR ART), where the LCS target is a terminal  102 , and the LCS Server is an E-SMLC  104  or an SLP  106 . In this figure, the control plane positioning protocols with the E-SMLC  104  as the terminating point are LPP, LPPa and LCS-AP, and the user plane positioning protocol is SUPL and SUPL/LPP. The SLP  106  may comprise two components SPC  108  and SLC  110  which may also reside in different nodes. In an example implementation, the SPC  108  has a proprietary interface with the E-SMLC  104 , and an LLP interface with the SLC  110  while the SLC  110  communicates with a P-GW  112  (PDN-Gateway  112 ) and an external LCS Client  114 . One skilled in the art will recognize and understand this high-level architecture of the radio network  100  including the eNodeB  116 , the GMLC  118 , the MME  120 , the S-GW  122 , the RAN  126 , and the core network  128 . Additional positioning architecture elements may also be deployed to further enhance performance of specific positioning methods. For example, deploying radio beacons  130  (two shown) is a cost-efficient solution which may significantly improve positioning performance indoors and also outdoors by allowing more accurate positioning, for example, with proximity location techniques. 
     2. Positioning Methods 
     To meet LBS demands, the LTE network deploys a range of complementing positioning methods characterized by having different performances in different environments. Depending on where the measurements are conducted and the final position is calculated, the positioning methods can be UE-based, UE-assisted or network-based, each with their own advantages. The following positioning methods are available in the LTE standard for both the control plane and the user plane:
         Cell ID (CID),   UE-assisted and network-based E-CID, including network-based angle of arrival (AoA),   UE-based and UE-assisted A-GNSS (including A-GPS),   UE-assisted Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA).       

     Hybrid positioning, fingerprinting positioning/pattern matching and adaptive E-CID (AECID) do not require additional standardization and are therefore also possible to be implemented in the LTE network. Furthermore, there may also be UE-based versions of the positioning methods above, e.g. UE-based GNSS (e.g. GPS) or UE-based OTDOA, etc. There may also be some alternative positioning methods such as proximity based location. UTDOA may also be standardized in a later LTE release, since it is currently under discussion in 3GPP. More methods, LTE and non-LTE, are supported with LPPe. Similar positioning methods, which may have different names, also exist in other RATs, e.g., CDMA, WCDMA or GSM. 
     2.1 E-CID Positioning 
     The E-CID positioning method exploits the advantage of low-complexity and fast positioning with CID which exploits the network knowledge of geographical areas associated with cell IDs, but enhances positioning further with more measurement types. With Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), the following sources of position information are involved: the Cell Identification (CID) and the corresponding geographical description of the serving cell, the Timing Advance (TA) of the serving cell, and the CIDs and the corresponding signal measurements of the cells (up to 32 cells in LTE, including the serving cell), as well as AoA measurements. The following UE measurements can be utilized for E-CID in LTE: (1) E-UTRAN carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI); (2) Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); (3) Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ); and (4) UE Rx−Tx time difference. The E-UTRAN measurements available for E-CID are eNodeB Rx−Tx time difference (also called TA Type 2), TA Type 1 being (eNodeB Rx−Tx time difference)+(UE Rx−Tx time difference), and UL AoA. The UE Rx−Tx measurements are typically used for the serving cell, while e.g. RSRP and RSRQ as well AoA can be utilized for any cell and can also be conducted on a frequency different from that of the serving cell. The UE E-CID measurements are reported by the UE  102  to the positioning server (e.g. Evolved SMLC, or E-SMLC  104 , or SUPL Location Platform, or SLP  106 , in LTE) over the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP), and the E-UTRAN E-CID measurements are reported by the eNodeB  116  to the positioning server  104  over the LPP Annex protocol (LPPa). The UE  102  may receive assistance data from the network e.g. via LPPe (no LPP assistance for E-CID is currently specified in the standard, however, it may be sent via LPP extension protocol, LPPe). 
     2.2 OTDOA Positioning 
     The OTDOA positioning method makes use of the measured timing of downlink signals received from multiple eNodeBs  116  (one shown in  FIG. 1 ) at the UE  102 . The UE  102  measures the timing of the received signals using assistance data received from the LCS server  104  and  106 , and the resulting measurements are used to locate the UE  102  in relation to the neighbouring eNodeBs  116 . 
     In the OTDOA positioning method, the terminal  102  (UE  102 ) measures the timing differences for downlink reference signals received from multiple distinct locations. For each (measured) neighbor cell, the UE  102  measures Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) which is the relative timing difference between neighbor cell and the reference cell. The UE position estimate is then found as the intersection of hyperbolas corresponding to the measured RSTDs. At least three measurements from geographically dispersed base stations (eNodeBs  116 ) with a good geometry are needed to solve for two coordinates of the terminal  102  and the receiver clock bias. In order to solve for position, precise knowledge of the transmitter locations and transmit timing offset is needed. 
     To enable positioning in LTE and facilitate positioning measurements of a proper quality and for a sufficient number of distinct locations, new physical signals dedicated for positioning (positioning reference signals, or PRS) have been introduced and low-interference positioning subframes have been specified in 3GPP. 
     The PRS are transmitted from one antenna port (R6) according to a pre-defined pattern. A frequency shift, which is a function of Physical Cell Identity (PCI), can be applied to the specified PRS patterns to generate orthogonal patterns and modeling the effective frequency reuse of six, which makes it possible to significantly reduce neighbour cell interference on the measured PRS and thus improve positioning measurements. Even though PRS have been specifically designed for positioning measurements and in general are characterized by better signal quality than other reference signals, the standard does not mandate using PRS. Other reference signals, e.g. cell-specific reference signals (CRS) may also be used for positioning measurements. 
     The PRS are transmitted in pre-defined positioning subframes grouped by several consecutive subframes (NpRs), i.e. one positioning occasion. Positioning occasions occur periodically with a certain periodicity of N subframes, i.e. the time interval between two positioning occasions. The standardized periods N are 160, 320, 640, and 1280 ms, and the number of consecutive subframes may be 1, 2, 4, or 6. 
     3. Inter-Frequency, Inter-Band and Inter-RAT Measurements 
     It is mandatory for all UEs to support all intra-RAT measurements (i.e. inter-frequency and intra-band measurements) and meet the associated requirements. However the inter-band and inter-RAT measurements are UE capabilities, which are reported to the network during the call setup. The UE supporting certain inter-RAT measurements should meet the corresponding requirements. For example a UE supporting LTE and WCDMA should support intra-LTE measurements, intra-WCDMA measurements and inter-RAT measurements (i.e. measuring WCDMA when serving cell is LTE and measuring LTE when serving cell is WCDMA). Hence, the network can use these capabilities according to its strategy. These capabilities are highly driven by factors such as market demand, cost, typical network deployment scenarios, frequency allocation, etc. The UE  102  may also report specifically for the positioning purpose, e.g. upon a network request, the set of supported frequency bands. 
     3.1 Inter-Frequency Measurements 
     Inter-frequency measurements may in principle be considered for any positioning method, even though currently not all measurements are specified by the standard as intra- and inter-frequency measurements. The examples of inter-frequency measurements currently specified by the standard are Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) used for OTDOA, RSRP and RSRQ which may be used e.g. for fingerprinting or E-CID. There are, however, no requirements for inter-frequency E-CID measurements. 
     The UE performs inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements in measurement gaps. The measurements may be done for various purposes: mobility, positioning, self organizing network (SON), minimization of drive tests etc. Furthermore the same gap pattern is used for all types of inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements. Therefore, E-UTRAN must provide a single measurement gap pattern with constant gap duration for concurrent monitoring (i.e. cell detection and measurements) of all frequency layers and RATs. 
     In LTE, the measurement gaps are configured by the network to enable measurements on the other LTE frequencies and/or other RATs (e.g. UTRA, GSM, CDMA2000, etc). The gap configuration is signaled to the UE over RRC protocol as part of the measurement configuration. If the UE requires measurement gaps for OTDOA positioning measurements then it may send an indication to the network, e.g. eNodeB, upon which the network may configure the measurement gaps. Furthermore, the measurement gaps may need to be configured according to a certain rule, e.g. inter-frequency RSTD measurements for OTDOA require that the measurement gaps are configured according to the inter-frequency requirements in 3GPP 36.133, Section 8.1.2.6, release 9 version 9.4.0 (2010-06), e.g. gap pattern #0 shall be used when inter-frequency RSTD measurements are configured and there should not be measurement gaps overlapping with PRS occasions of cells in the serving frequency. 
     3.2 Inter-RAT Measurements 
     In general, in LTE the inter-RAT measurements are typically defined similar to inter-frequency measurements, e.g. they may also require configuring measurement gaps like for inter-frequency measurements, but just with more measurements restrictions and often more relaxed requirements for inter-RAT measurements. As a special example, there may also be multiple networks using the overlapping sets of RATs. The examples of inter-RAT measurements specified currently for LTE are UTRA FDD Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRA FDD carrier RSSI, UTRA FDD CPICH Ec/No, GSM carrier RSSI, and CDMA2000 1×RTT Pilot Strength. 
     For positioning, assuming that LTE FDD and LTE TDD are treated as different RATs, the current standard defines inter-RAT requirements only for FDD-TDD and TDD-FDD measurements, and the requirements are different in the two cases. There are no other inter-RAT measurements specified within any separate RAT for the purpose of positioning and which are possible to report to the positioning node (e.g. E-SMLC in LTE). 
     Inter-RAT positioning measurement reporting may be possible with LPPe. However, for UEs requiring measurement gaps the current standard does not allow configuring the gaps for other than inter-frequency RSTD measurements. 
     3.3 Inter-Band Measurements 
     An inter-band measurement refers to the measurement done by the UE on a target cell on the carrier frequency belonging to the frequency band which is different than that of the serving cell. Both inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements can be intra-band or inter-band. 
     The motivation of inter-band measurements is that most of the UEs today support multiple bands even for the same technology. This is driven by the interest from service providers; a single service provider may own carriers in different bands and would like to make efficient use of carriers by performing load balancing on different carriers. A well known example is that of multi-band GSM terminal with 800/900/1800/1900 bands. 
     Furthermore, the UE may also support multiple technologies e.g. GSM, UTRA FDD and E-UTRAN FDD. Since all UTRA and E-UTRA bands are common, the multi-RAT UE may support same bands for all the supported RATs. 
     4. Positioning Measurement Requirements in LTE 
     For E-CID, there are intra-frequency UE Rx−Tx accuracy and reporting delay requirements. No inter-frequency requirements are currently defined for E-CID measurements. 
     OTDOA uses RSTD measurements performed by the UE. For UE-assisted OTDOA, i.e., when the UE reports the measurements to the positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), the following requirements have been defined:
         Intra-frequency RSTD accuracy requirements,   Inter-frequency RSTD accuracy requirements,   Intra-frequency RSTD reporting delay requirements for FDD,   Intra-frequency RSTD reporting delay requirements for TDD,   Inter-frequency RSTD reporting delay requirements for FDD-FDD,   Inter-frequency RSTD reporting delay requirements for TDD-FDD,   Inter-frequency RSTD reporting delay requirements for TDD-TDD,   Inter-frequency RSTD reporting delay requirements for FDD-TDD.
 
For each of the inter-frequency requirements, two scenarios are considered:
   Scenario1: inter-frequency RSTD measurements are performed over the reference cell and neighbour cells, which belong to the inter-frequency carrier frequency f 2 .   Scenario 2:inter-frequency RSTD measurements are performed over the reference cell and the neighbour cells, which belong to the serving carrier frequency f 1  and the inter-frequency carrier frequency f 2 , respectively.       

     Scenario 1 corresponds to Note 1 in, e.g., Table 8.1.2.6.1-1 of the aforementioned 3GPP 36.133 standard, while Scenario 2 corresponds to Note 2 in the same table. 
     The requirements are generic with respect to the frequency channels and frequency bands, i.e. the requirements are the same for any two different f 1  and f 2 , independently on their absolute and relative location in the spectrum, e.g., being common for inter-frequency intra-band and inter-band. This generic approach with regard to the frequency channels and bands has been used for the specification of the other measurement requirements e.g. mobility measurement requirements such as RSRP and RSRQ in LTE. Note also that the requirements are currently common for inter-frequency. Furthermore, there may also be inter-RAT measurements, e.g., a UE connected to CDMA is performing LTE RSTD measurements. 
     To ensure that the positioning requirements are met, test cases have been specified by the standard, based on which the UEs are tested. The currently specified positioning test cases assume that the timing information for at least one cell (serving cell) in the assistance data is known to the UE, i.e., the UEs in the tests are not required to acquire the timing information of any of the cells. In these tests, the UE is required to report the positioning measurements (i.e. RSTD) within the test requirements. Failure to do so shall lead to the failure of the test. Hence, if prior to the start of the actual test the UE under test does not have the timing information of any of the cells to be measured for positioning, then it is quite likely that the UE will fail the test. 
     SUMMARY 
     A radio network node, a method for configuring a measurement gap for positioning, and a UE are described in the independent claims of the present application. Advantageous embodiments of radio network node, the method for configuring a measurement gap for positioning, and the UE have been described in the dependent claims of the present application. 
     In particular embodiments, a radio network node is provided for configuring a measurement gap for positioning to be used by a user equipment (UE). The radio network node comprises: (a) a processor; and (b) a memory that stores processor-executable instructions where the processor interfaces with the memory and executes the processor-executable instructions to enable following: (i) receive an indication indicating that the UE needs measurement gaps for positioning; (ii) verify parameters in the indication to determine if one or more pre-defined conditions are met to indicate that the UE is able to perform inter-frequency positioning measurements; (iii) decide on whether to configure the measurement gaps; and (iv) if decided to configure the measurement gaps then determine measurement gap configuration and send the measurement gap configuration to the UE. 
     In yet other embodiments, a method is provided to be implemented by a radio network node for configuring a measurement gap for performing at least one positioning measurement to be used by a user equipment (UE). The method comprising the steps of: (a) receiving an indication indicating that the UE needs measurement gaps for positioning; (b) verifying parameters in the indication to determine if one or more pre-defined conditions are met to indicate that the UE is able to perform inter-frequency positioning measurements; (c) deciding on whether to configure the measurement gaps; and (d) if decided to configure the measurement gaps then determining measurement gap configuration and sending the measurement gap configuration to the UE. 
     In yet other embodiments, a user equipment is provided that comprises: (a) a processor; and (b) a memory that stores processor-executable instructions where the processor interfaces with the memory and executes the processor-executable instructions to enable following: (i) sending, to a radio network node, an indication indicating a need for measurement gaps for positioning; and (ii) receiving, from the radio network node, measurement gap configuration. The indication comprises one or more of the following parameters: a need indication; measurement gap purpose; one or more frequencies; one or more offsets indicating an occurrence of measurements that require measurement gaps; one or more pairs of a frequency and the corresponding offset for that frequency; periodicity of measurements that require measurement gaps or a preferred measurement gap pattern; cell identifications; radio access technology (RAT); type of service or session; emergency indication; and overall duration over which the measurement gaps are required. 
     In still yet other embodiments, a user equipment is provided that comprises: (a) a processor; and (b) a memory that stores processor-executable instructions where the processor interfaces with the memory and executes the processor-executable instructions to enable following: (i) configure autonomous gaps for positioning measurements based on a pre-defined rule or for a group of gap-assistant positioning measurements. 
     Additional aspects of particular embodiments of the described solutions will be set forth, in part, in the detailed description, figures and any claims which follow, and in part will be derived from the detailed description, or can be learned by practice of the invention. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as disclosed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete understanding of particular embodiments of the proposed solutions may be obtained by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: 
         FIG. 1  (PRIOR ART) is a high-level architecture of a radio network as it is currently standardized in LTE; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of an exemplary network including a UE, a radio network node (e.g., base station, eNodeB) and a positioning server (e.g., LTE&#39;s E-SMLC/SLP) configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an exemplary method that is implemented the radio network node to configure a measurement gap for positioning to be used by the UE in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating the steps associated with a receive indicator step of the method shown in  FIG. 3  in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating the steps associated with a determined measurement gap configuration step of the method shown in  FIG. 3  in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating the steps associated with a decide measurement gap configuration step of the method shown in  FIG. 5  in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating the steps associated with a decide measurement gap configuration based on non-positioning measurements step of the method shown in  FIG. 5  in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     At least the following problems have been identified by the inventors with the positioning methods described above:
         Methods and rules for verifying parameters included in the measurement gap indication message may be desirable to ensure the proper usage of measurement gaps.   The measurement gap indication message may contain multiple parameters which may indicate the need for different gap configurations.
           Methods for resolving such parameter conflict situations are necessary.   
           Measurement gaps may be used for other purposes than positioning, so the network may decide to not configure/reconfigure measurement gaps.
           There are currently no criteria or requirements for deciding whether gaps for positioning must be configured/reconfigured, which may negatively impact emergency positioning.   
           There are requirements on inter-frequency positioning measurements, but there are no requirements on the network for measurement gap configuration and there is no possibility for UEs to use autonomous gaps for positioning.
           Currently measurement gap configuration is controlled by eNodeBs, except for autonomous gaps decided by UEs that are, however, not allowed for positioning,   Delayed measurement gap configuration/reconfiguration (e.g. to ensure measurement occasions are covered by the gaps) will impact the measurement accuracy (the UE may move) and the positioning measurement reporting time, which will degrade the positioning QoS.   
               

     Accordingly, there has been and is a need to address these problems and other problems to enhance the performance of determining a position of a terminal (e.g., UE). These needs and other needs are satisfied by particular embodiments of the solutions described herein. 
     Accordingly,  FIG. 2  shows a diagram of an exemplary network  200  including a UE  202 , a radio network node  204  (e.g., base station  204 , eNodeB  204 ) and a positioning server  206  (e.g., LTE&#39; s E-SMLC/SLP  206 ) configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The example network  200  may include one or more instances of the UE  202 , one or more radio network nodes  204  capable of communicating with the UEs  202 , and the positioning server  206  (e.g., represented collectively by an E-SMLC and SLP) capable of communicating with the radio network nodes  204 , along with any additional elements suitable to support communication between UEs  202  or between one UE  202  and another communication device (such as a landline telephone). Although the UE  202  may represent a communication device that includes any suitable combination of hardware and/or software, the UE  202  may, in particular embodiments, represent a device such as the illustrated exemplary UE  202  which includes an antenna  208 , a transceiver  210 , a processor  212 , and a memory  214 . Additionally, the radio network node  204  may include any suitable combination of hardware and/or software, where the illustrated exemplary radio network node  204  includes an antenna  216 , a transceiver  218 , a network interface  220 , a processor  222 , and a memory  224 . Similarly, although the positioning server  206  may represent one or more network nodes that include any suitable combination of hardware and/or software, the positioning server  206  may, in particular embodiments, represent devices such as the illustrated exemplary positioning server  206  which includes a network interface  226 , a processor  228 , and a memory  230 . In one embodiment, the UE  202 , the radio network node  204  and the positioning server  206  could be incorporated within and enhance the LTE network  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . The UE  202 , the radio network node  204 , and the positioning server  206  all include additional components and functionalities that are well known in the art but for clarity only the components and functionality needed to describe and enable the present invention have been described herein. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , there is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an exemplary method  300  that is implemented by the radio network node  204  to configure a measurement gap for positioning to be used by the UE  202  in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention. The radio network node  204  includes the processor  212  and the memory  214  that stores processor-executable instructions where the processor  212  interfaces with the memory  214  and executes the processor-executable instructions to enable following steps: (1) receive an indication  232  indicating that the UE  202  needs measurement gaps for positioning (step  302 —see also  FIG. 4 ); (2) verify parameters in the indication  232  to determine if one or more pre-defined conditions are met to indicate that the UE  202  is able to perform inter-frequency positioning measurements (step  304 ); (3) if the UE  202  is not able to perform inter-frequency positioning measurements, then acquire more information or ignore the indication  232  (step  306 ); (4) if the UE  202  is able to perform inter-frequency positioning measurements, then decide on whether to configure the measurement gaps (step  308 ); (5) if decided not to configure the measurement gaps, then end (step  310 ); (6) if decided to configure the measurement gaps then determine a measurement gap configuration  234  (step  312 —see also  FIG. 5 ); and (7) send the measurement gap configuration  234  to the UE  202  (step  314 ). A detailed discussion about each of these steps  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312  and  314  is provided next. 
     1. Receive Indication  232  (Step  302 ) 
     As discussed herein there are particular embodiments of the proposed solutions which utilize methods and rules for deciding the measurement gap configuration  234  based on the received indication  232  (or received request  232 ) indicating the need for measurement gaps for the positioning purpose. The methods and rules are based on the assumption that the indication  232  is received by the radio network node  204  deciding the measurement gaps (also referred to herein as the responsible node  204 ). The indication  232  may be received either from the UE  202  (as shown) (e.g. via RRC as described in 3GPP TS 36.331, v10.1.0 (2011-03)) or from another network node (e.g., the positioning node  206 ). At least in some embodiments of the present invention, the measurement gaps may be requested for positioning also for UEs that in general are capable of performing inter-frequency measurements without gaps, e.g. to reduce the UE complexity for positioning. In any case, the indication  232  may contain e.g. one or more of the following:
         A predetermined need indication notifying the radio network node  204  of the UE&#39;s need for measurement gaps (e.g. a “start” indicator or a boolean parameter in a predetermined field),   A measurement gap purpose indicating the purpose for which the UE needs measurement gaps (e.g., a specific positioning method or MDT or a specific positioning measurement in a positioning method),   One or more frequencies,   One or more offsets indicating the occurrence of measurements that require measurement gaps,   One or more pairs, each pair including a frequency and the corresponding offset for that frequency,   Periodicity of the measurements that require measurement gaps or the preferred measurement gap pattern,   Cell IDs e.g. PCI, CGI, CSG indicator etc.   Positioning session identifier to which the measurement gap request or the indication relates,   RAT,   Type of service or session   Emergency indication,   Overall duration over which the gaps are required       

     As suggested above, particular embodiments may incorporate a need indication into indication  232 . In such embodiments, the need indication may represent a predetermined message or an information element which is sent by the UE to its radio network node  204  to indicate that the UE needs measurement gaps for a positioning measurement. For example the indication may be predetermined for a particular type of positioning measurement e.g. OTDOA inter-frequency RSTD measurement. 
     As also suggested above, particular embodiments may incorporate a measurement gap purpose into indication  232 . In such embodiments, the measurement gap purpose may, as one example, indicate that the UE needs measurement gaps for OTDOA positioning measurements. As another example, the measurement gap purpose may explicitly indicate that the UE needs measurement gaps for inter-frequency RSTD measurement which is one of the OTDOA positioning measurements. As yet another example the measurement gap purpose may explicitly indicate that the UE needs measurement gaps for RSRP measurement which is one of the E-CID positioning measurements. 
     If some information above is provided relative to another (measured) cell (e.g. an offset with respect to the SFN 0  of the serving cell), the relation between the parameters for neighbor cells may need to be known and a conversion to the corresponding cell-specific parameter (e.g., to the offset of a neighbor non-serving cell) may need to be performed prior to performing the described herein methods and rules. Alternatively, the conversion of the cell-specific parameters (e.g. PRS offset) may be performed to relative ones with respect to the current cell (e.g., a positioning occasion offset of a neighbor cell relative to the reference SFN such as SFN# 0  of the current cell). The conversion results may be maintained and stored in a table in the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ). Another alternative is e.g. to convert the relative positioning occasion offset of a neighbor cell with respect to a given cell positioning occasion and the cell-specific positioning occasion offset of the given cell to the relative positioning occasion offset of the neighbor cell with respect to the reference SFN (e.g. SFN #  0 ) of the given cell. 
     The information about the timing offsets for neighbor cells may be necessary e.g. to enable the conversion and verification of the requested measurement gap configuration for neighbor cell measurements. The timing offsets (e.g. SFN offsets and/or cell-specific positioning occasion offsets and/or relative positioning occasion offset) may be pre-configured (e.g. in a synchronous network) or calculated by a pre-defined rule or obtained from a table or from another node e.g. a neighbor radio node (e.g. via X2) or a positioning node or an O&amp;M or a home base station (BS) gateway. 
     The relations between the parameters of neighbor cells and a given cell may be stored in a table and used for the measurement gap configuration and methods described herein. The table may be stored and maintained in the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) or there may be a neighbor relation table in another network node (e.g. O&amp;M). In view of the above,  FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method  400  that can be implemented by the radio network node  204  that upon receiving the indication  232  determines if the indication  232  has information for the measured cell relative to a given cell (step  402 ) and if no then continue to step  304  and if yes then perform a conversion of the measure cell parameters to corresponding given cell-specific parameters (step  404 ) and store the conversion results of relations between the parameters of the measured cell and the given cell ( 406 ) and continue to step  304 . 
     1.1 Verification of the Parameters in the Request (Indication  232 ) (Steps  304 ,  306  and  308 ) 
     This section describes the conditions and criteria, which can be used for verifying that the UE  202  will perform inter-frequency positioning measurements, which also require gaps (step  304 ). This is e.g. to prevent the misuse of gaps or erroneous requests. The unnecessary configured gaps lead to loss of downlink throughput and uplink throughput therefore they should be assigned only when necessary. 
     The radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) verifies the parameters and takes an action:
         if the verification has not passed, go to the next step e.g. acquire more information or ignore the request (step  306 ),   if the verification has passed, go to the next step e.g. deciding if configure measurement gaps and determine the positioning measurement gap configuration (steps  308  and  310 ).       

     These verification rules may also be used e.g. for protocol testing such as joint protocol testing for RRC or LPP testing. 
     The verification may be considered as passed when at least one or any combination of the pre-defined conditions is met. For example, the pre-defined conditions may be as follows:
         the indicated cell ID is a possible neighbor,
           e.g. based on the information from O&amp;M or a neighbor relation table (e.g. ANR) which may be maintained by the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ),   
           the positioning session identifier, if provided, is reliable (e.g., unique, not repeating among UEs, not repeating for the same UE over a long period, follows a certain pattern),
           in one embodiment, the session identification may be a function of the user identification,   in another embodiment, the pattern is shared, e.g. obtained by signaling or pre-configured, between the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 , eNodeB  204 ) and the node configuring the positioning session (e.g. the positioning node  206 ).   
           the positioning method for which measurement gaps are requested is supported in the network,
           e.g. based on the information from O&amp;M,   
           the UE  202  supports inter-frequency positioning measurements
           e.g., based on received UE capabilities or indication from another network node (e.g. the positioning node  206 ),   
           the UE  202  in question has an on-going positioning session or has been requested to perform inter-frequency measurements for positioning. This can be determined by the radio network node in many ways e.g.
           the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) has received an indication from a network node (e.g. the positioning node  206  or a core network node such as MME),   the indication has been triggered by LPP in the UE  202  and received by the radio network node  204 ,   the indication has been triggered by LPPe in the UE  202  and received by the radio network node  204 ,   discovering the on-going positioning session by packet sniffing in the radio network node  204 ,   
           there is at least one on-going positioning session via the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 , eNodeB  204 ) and the radio network node  204  may or may not be aware of the positioning session details (e.g. UE ID),   the UE  202  requires measurement gaps for inter-frequency measurements (e.g. CA UEs may not need measurement gaps),
           e.g. based on received capabilities of the UE  202 ,   
           at least a threshold number of the indicated frequency(s) (e.g., one, all) are non-serving frequency(s),   at least a threshold number of the indicated frequency(s) (e.g., one, all) are supported by the UE  202  and/or network and/or potential neighbors,
           e.g. based on received capabilities of the UE  202 , O&amp;M information, information from other radio nodes received via X2,   
           at least a threshold number of the indicated frequency(s) (e.g., one, all) are used for positioning in the network and/or in the local area,
           e.g., based on the information from O&amp;M or the positioning node  206 ,   
           at least a threshold number of the indicated frequency(s) (e.g., one, all) have PRS configured,   a pre-configured relation exists between the serving frequency and the indicated inter-frequency, e.g.,
           the inter-frequency shall be higher than the serving frequency,   the inter-frequency shall be lower than the serving frequency,   
           the positioning assistance data and the parameters in the indication message are consistent,
           e.g., based on the information from the positioning node  206  or UE  202  (e.g. if the UE  202  may relay the assistance data or its parts),   
           the reference signal (RS) configuration for signals used for positioning of neighbors are consistent with the parameters (e.g., cell IDs, frequencies and/or offsets) that are present in the indication message  232 , e.g. the offsets are consistent with PRS positioning occasions on the indicated frequencies for at least some neighbor cells or the offsets values belong to a feasible set satisfying restrictions on PRS subframe offset such as prsSubframeOffset or similar signaled to facilitate positioning (e.g. via a positioning protocol such as LPP). The RS configuration of neighbors may be obtained e.g. via cross-layer signaling in multi-frequency and multi-standard nodes or via an inter-node interface or signaling via/from O&amp;M, positioning node or neighbor radio nodes,   the requested periodicity is consistent with the measurement occasions periodicity for the requested frequency, cell, etc.   the requested measurement gaps by the UE  202  are consistent with other UEs&#39; requests, e.g. the offsets do not differ by more than X subframes from those received from other UEs for the same frequency,   an emergency indication is on. For example, in particular embodiment, the emergency indication shall be on when there is an on-going emergency session for the UE  202  or an emergency event has been identified in the network.       

     The actions given above as examples (requesting an indication or confirmation from another network node, packet sniffing, requesting a UE capability, PRS or SFN information from O&amp;M, PRS information from positioning node, information from neighbor radio nodes, etc.) may be performed pro-actively or triggered in the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) upon receiving the indication  232  (measurement gap request  232 ). 
     2A. Determination and Optimization of Gap Configuration Based on the Parameters in the Gap Request (Step  312 ) ( FIG. 5 &#39;s Step  502 ) 
     The measurement gap configuration  234  is determined and optimized accounting for the information (parameters) in the indication/request  232  (see  FIG. 5 &#39;s step  502 ). The optimization may imply configuring measurement gaps with an offset which is not exactly the same as requested but close (e.g. does not differ by more than the maximum positioning occasion duration which is 6 subframes for OTDOA). 
     The optimization may also account for at least one of:
         Bandwidth (e.g., serving cell bandwidth or maximum allowed measurement bandwidth or PRS measurement bandwidth),   Positioning measurement requirements (e.g. such as RSTD requirements in 3GPP TS 36.133),   UE CQI reporting configuration, e.g. to not loose the CQI reports from that UE  202 . For example, the measurement gaps may be configured to not overlap or to ensure minimum overlap with the CQI measurement and reporting periods.   UE DRX configuration, e.g., so that measurement reports (may be for positioning and non-positioning measurements performed by the UE  202 ) are sent during DRX ON periods and the current DRX configuration is not “disturbed” or the impact is minimized by the measurement gaps to be used for positioning,   Restricted measurement patterns (e.g. for inter-frequency RRM measurements) or ABS patterns of neighbor cells—e.g. those that may be used with eICIC. For example, the gaps may be configured to maximum overlap with measurement occasions indicated by the patterns for inter-frequency/inter-RAT cells for UEs in the given cell.   CQI restricted measurement patterns (e.g. those used for eICIC), e.g. the measurement gaps may be configured to minimum overlap with the allowed occasions for CQI measurements that are to be performed for the serving cell.
 
2B. Deciding the Gap Configuration for the UE when Multiple Possibilities for Gap Configurations are Indicated (Step  312 ) ( FIG. 5 &#39;s Steps  504  and  506 ) ( FIG. 6 )
       

     When multiple alternatives are possible for the information provided in the measurement gap indication/request  232 , the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) may take at least one of the following actions to decide the measurement gap configuration  234  ( FIG. 5 &#39;s steps  504  and  506 ):
         Sort out (e.g., exclude, do not configure) the options that cannot be verified (e.g. for frequencies outside a pre-determined set) ( FIG. 6 &#39;s step  602 ).   Sort out (e.g., exclude, do not configure) the options that have not passed verification ( FIG. 6 &#39;s step  602 ).   Use a pre-defined measurement gap configuration response to the received indicator/request  232  ( FIG. 6 &#39;s step  604 ):
           May be the same configuration for all UEs in the cell or for all UEs in the center part of the cell (e.g. UEs with TA or RSRP in a given range) or for a group of UEs that are expected to be in certain part of the cell (e.g. UEs reporting the same set of strongest neighbors).   
           Configure measurement gaps for a pre-defined frequency, irrespective of the frequencies in the indicator/request  232  ( FIG. 6 &#39;s step  606 ).   Decide the best optimized (or the closest to the optimal) measurement gap option according to e.g. methods for optimizing measurement gap configuration ( FIG. 6 &#39;s step  608 ). Some examples of a closest to the optimal measurement configuration are closest in time to the requested offset or closest to a given number of neighbor cells on the frequency, or closest to the largest overlap with the RS to be measured.   Use the measurement gap option which implies the measurement gap configuration closest to the currently configured measurement gap configuration for the requesting UE  202  (see  FIG. 6 &#39;s step  610 ).   Configure measurement gaps for the most suitable frequency (see  FIG. 6 &#39;s step  612 ), where the most suitable frequency may be:
           With the largest system or PRS bandwidth,   With the shortest PRS periodicity,   Lowest frequency when better hearability is needed,   With the sufficiently many neighbor cells or sites (e.g. there are at least X cells or at least Y sites operating on this frequency) in an area,   With better or continuous coverage,   Where lower interference is expected.
 
2C. Deciding Whether to Configure/Reconfigure Measurement Gaps for Positioning (Step  312 ) ( FIG. 5 &#39;s Step  508 )
   
               

     In particular embodiments of the present invention, the measurement gap configuration/reconfiguration decision is made based on a priority level (step  312 ) ( FIG. 5 &#39;s step  508 ). The priority level can be pre-defined or configured by a network node (e.g., the radio network node  204 , the positioning node  206 , core network node etc). In one embodiment, the priority may be zero, which corresponds to a decision to not configure measurement gaps for the received request  232  indicating the need for measurement gaps for positioning. 
     The priority for configuring or reconfiguring the measurement gaps may be based on or linked to one or more of the following (though not limited to the examples below):
         General client type or LCS Client Type,   Positioning service type (e.g. related to the severity of the positioning service, LCS commercial, LCS emergency etc.)   Requested positioning measurement(s) type (e.g., OTDOA RSTD measurement, E-CID UE Rx−Tx time difference, E-CID RSRP or RSRQ, etc.),   The time elapsed from the last measurement gap configuration configured by the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) does not exceed a certain threshold (e.g. in this case reconfiguration may be delayed or rejected),
           In one embodiment, the last measurement gap configuration is not related to positioning measurements,   In another embodiment, the last measurement gap configuration is related to positioning measurements,   
           The number of measurement gap requests for positioning measurements exceeds a certain threshold over a certain period,   Another measurement gap request has been earlier received for the same positioning session,   The measurement gap configuration has been already configured for a positioning session with a given identifier,   On-going positioning measurement(s) type if any e.g., OTDOA RSTD measurement, E-CID such as UE Rx−Tx time difference etc. This is because the new positioning measurement may affect the performance of the existing ones. This may also be related to the maximum allowed reporting criteria and the maximum possible measurements (e.g. the reporting criteria as UE requirements may be not enough for all possible measurements, therefore a priority decision may need to be taken).   On-going non-positioning measurement(s) type if any e.g., RRM or mobility, MDT, SON etc. especially in case the on-going non-positioning measurements will be interrupted or requirements will become worse in the case of starting new positioning measurements. This may also be related to the set of reporting criteria specified for UEs.   Estimated period over which measurement gap has to be configured. This in turn depends upon the measurement session for a given service. For example, a higher priority may be set in case a shorter time is needed for gap-assisted measurement session. This is because a shorter time over which gap-assisted measurements causes less degradation of the serving cell performance (e.g., lower throughput loss),   Required performance of serving cell. The gap assisted measurement degrades the serving cell performance. For example, gap assistance measurements may have lower priority if it is necessary to maintain certain serving cell performance, which cannot be achieved when gaps are configured. The serving cell performance may e.g. relate to the on-going service, requested service, on-going non-positioning or positioning measurements, requested positioning measurements.       

     The measurement gap indicator/request  232  for positioning may e.g. be given a higher priority or always satisfied (top priority) e.g. when:
         There is an on-going emergency session for the concerned UE  202  (e.g. emergency call or texting) or has the emergency indication ON in the request message.   The coverage on the serving frequency is poor or the number of hearable neighbors on the serving frequency is expected to be small (e.g., when the serving frequency is used for indoor coverage only and/or for lower power nodes such as femto or pico nodes).   The serving cell is a lower power node (e.g., femto cell or pico cell).   The serving cell is weak (e.g., when the UE  202  is at the edge or in the cell range expansion region.       

     The verification step for the indicator/request  232  may be performed prior to or after the decision to configure measurement gaps for positioning in certain embodiments of the present invention. 
     2D. Measurement Gap Configuration Flow and Rules for Deciding Whether to Stop Measurement Gaps Configured for the Purpose of Positioning (step  312 ) ( FIG. 5 &#39;s Step  510 ) 
     It is common to use timers or stop indications to stop certain processes. A stop indication may also be transmitted when measurement gaps are not needed any more for inter-frequency RSTD measurements. A straightforward solution is to stop the measurement gaps upon such a request if they have not been used by the UE  202  before configuring them for the positioning purpose. However, the solution is less trivial if e.g. the measurement gaps have been used for other purposes. 
     In particular embodiments of the present invention, the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) can perform the following steps in relation to measurement gap configuration for the purpose of positioning:
         1. When the indication/request  232  for measurement gaps for positioning is received, decide whether the measurement gaps are to be configured (e.g. according to any of the methods described herein) and continue if the decision is positive or stop at this step otherwise.   2. If the earlier configured measurement gaps are to be reconfigured, store the current measurement gap configuration before configuring a new one for positioning or turn on an indicator for this UE  202  indicating that another measurement gap configuration has been used or save the reference/index of the measurement gap configuration used.
           a. In one embodiment a limited set of measurement gap configurations may be used in the cell, e.g. in the simplest case: general measurement gap configuration and measurement gap configuration for positioning, so the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) may just switch between the two configurations upon receiving the measurement gap indication message or the stop indication message for switching back.   
           3. Configure measurement gaps for positioning.   4. When a stop indication is received or a timer is expired or another trigger for stopping positioning measurement gaps occurs, stop positioning measurement gaps and:
           a. If other measurement gap configuration was used before positioning measurement gaps were configured and no event indicating no need for the old gaps has occurred, restore the old configuration, or   b. If a need for measurement gap configuration is different from that for positioning has aroused while the positioning measurement gaps have been used, then reconfigure measurement gaps for the purpose other than positioning (in one embodiment, switch to a default one non-positioning configuration).
 
2E. Methods and Rules/Requirements for Configuring Measurement Gaps Based on Other Measurements (Step  312 ) ( FIG. 5 &#39;s Step  512 ) ( FIG. 7 &#39;s Steps  702  and  704 )
   
               

     According to one embodiment the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) takes into account non-positioning gap assistant measurements e.g. mobility, SON, MDT etc to decide whether to configure/reconfigure measurement gaps for positioning measurements or not. This situation may arise especially:
         When the on-going gaps need to be shifted in time to ensure that the PRS signals fall in the gap ( FIG. 7 &#39;s step  702 ); or   Currently gap configuration is not applicable for positioning measurements e.g. gap id #1 is used but gap id #0 is needed for positioning ( FIG. 7 &#39;s step  704 ).       

     In one example if several gap-assisted mobility measurements (e.g. more than N measurements in parallel) are performed by the UE  202  in parallel then the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) may slightly delay the gap configuration for the positioning measurements. The reason is to prevent unnecessary delay in mobility measurements since more measurements in parallel lead to longer delay. 
     In another example, if there are on-going gap-assisted mobility measurements (e.g. more than N measurements in parallel) and the gaps do not have to be shifted then the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) may allow the UE  202  to perform positioning measurements in the gaps. 
     In another example, if no non-positioning measurements being performed then the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) may assign the gaps for positioning measurements but may also use this opportunity for obtaining other gaps assistant measurements from the UE  202  e.g. mobility, SON, MDT etc. 
     The following are two pre-determined rules which can be specified to allow the UE  202  to perform one or more best effort gap-assisted measurements in conjunction with the gap assistant positioning measurements. The two rules are described below: 
     1. According to one pre-determined rule when the UE  202  is assigned gaps for positioning measurements then the UE  202  shall also perform one or more measurements in best effort manner e.g. SON or MDT measurements. The best effort implies that the UE  202  does not have to meet strict requirements. Note that in this case the assigned gaps may also be used by the UE  202  for other measurements (e.g. mobility measurements such as RSRP) in addition to the positioning measurements. 
     2. According to the second pre-determined rule when the UE  202  is performing only positioning measurements in the assigned gaps, then the UE  202  shall also perform one or more measurements in a best effort manner e.g. SON or MDT measurements. The difference compared to the first example of the pre-defined rule is that in this case the best effort measurements are performed by the UE  202  when only the positioning measurements are done in the gaps. The advantage is that the performance of the best effort measurements is better compared to those done according to the first pre-defined rule. The reason is that relatively fewer measurements are performed in the gaps. A further refinement of this rule could be that the best effort measurements may only be performed when a particular type of positioning measurements (e.g. OTDOA) are performed in the gaps. 
     The set of best effort measurements can also be pre-defined or they can be configured by the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ). 
     3. Methods and Rules/Requirements for Configuring Measurement Gaps Ensuring that Positioning Measurement Requirements are Met 
     In particular embodiments of the present invention, the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) may be required to configure measurement gaps for positioning under certain requirements, e.g. within a certain time after receiving the indication/request  232  for the positioning measurement gaps. The time requirement may be a fixed maximum time or may depend, e.g., on the expected duration of the positioning session (e.g. on Tprs, or PRS periodicity). The time requirement may also depend on the positioning method and the UE DRX state, e.g. a longer time may be allowed for E-CID for UEs in DRX or for OTDOA. 
     4. Exploiting the Co-Sited or Multi-Frequency or Multi-RAT Nodes 
     In particular embodiments of the present invention, the radio network node  204  (responsible node  204 ) can make the decision on configuring/reconfiguring or stopping (a special form of reconfiguring) measurement gaps based on the information about other frequencies/bands and RATs as well as positioning-related configuration (e.g. radio node activity periods, PRS availability, PRS periodicity, PRS offset, feasible set of PRS configurations or restrictions on them e.g. a restriction on PRS subframe offset such as prsSubframeOffset signaled according to between two cells, etc,) or internal node measurements obtained from:
         a co-located node, or via cross-layer communication with a functional block responsible for another RAT or frequency/band, or   internal information about the other frequency/band/RAT supported by the node, where the node may be e.g. multi-frequency or multi-band node, multi-RAT node or multi-standard radio (MSR) node.       

     In one embodiment, the information obtained as described above may be used to avoid acquiring similar information from other nodes e.g. via X2 or via O&amp;M when e.g. it is expected that the configuration of other nodes on frequency f 2  is the same as the configuration of this (multi-frequency/bad/RAT) node or co-located node on the same frequency f 2 . For example, PRS periodicity may be the same in all macro cells on the same frequency and in addition the PRS occasions in these cells may overlap or be synchronized or aligned. Therefore, X2-signaling may be avoided by acquiring the PRS configuration on f 2  of the cells associated with the current (multi-frequency/band/RAT) or co-located node. This embodiment may also be combined with other embodiments described herein, e.g., methods and rules for deciding measurement gap configuration based on a received request for measurement gaps for positioning, including verification, or methods and rules/requirements for configuring measurement gaps based on other measurements such as mobility measurements (e.g. RSRP, RSRQ etc). 
     In another embodiment, a network node (e.g. O&amp;M, SON, core network, another radio network node e.g. via X2 a macro BS may provide such information to smaller BSs in its area or other neighbor macro BSs, etc) may configure the radio network node  204  (e.g. eNode B) with the information which indicates whether all cells on certain carrier in an area or co-located cells in all nodes in the area on certain carrier frequencies/RATs have similar positioning configuration setting or not. For example, assume the network node has co-located cells on f 1 , f 2  and f 3 . The network node may inform each eNode B that all cells on each of the frequencies supporting positioning (in one example) or only on f 1  and f 3  (in another example) in the network have similar or even the same configuration or setting related to positioning e.g. PRS BW, PRS periodicity, positioning sub-frames in a positioning occasion etc. In another embodiment, the parameters of the positioning-related configuration (e.g. PRS periodicity, PRS offset, PRS bandwidth, PRS subframes per positioning occasion, etc.) that are similar in the indicated cells may also be a part of the information provided by the network node. 
     5. UE Autonomous Measurement Gaps for Positioning 
     In particular embodiments of the present invention, the UE  202  may configure autonomous gaps for positioning measurements (e.g. inter-frequency E-CID or OTDOA measurements) or MDT. The autonomous gap configuration can be based on a pre-defined rule. For instance the configuration can be based on the type of the service which in turn may depend upon specific type of measurements. For example, according to one pre-defined rule the UE  202  is:
         Allowed to autonomously configure the gaps for inter-frequency OTDOA measurements. In one embodiment, the OTDOA measurements may be specifically used in relation to emergency calls (e.g. an emergency even is identified by the UE  202  e.g. by indication from the network or an emergency session is on-going).   Autonomous gap configuration may be allowed in a power saving mode or IDLE state or DRX or in case there is a poor connection to the serving cell or reference cell.   Not allowed to autonomously configure E-CID inter-frequency and/or inter-RAT measurements (e.g. RSRP, RSRQ, CPICH RSCP etc).       

     According to another pre-defined rule the UE  202  is allowed to autonomously configure gaps for a group or category of gap-assistant positioning measurements. The group of measurements can be indicated by a network node (e.g. eNodeB  204 , radio network node  204 , or the positioning node  206 ). For example group 0 and group 1 comprises of inter-frequency OTDOA measurements and inter-frequency E-CID measurements respectively. As an example the radio network node  204  (eNodeB  204 ) can indicate to the UE  202  that it can autonomously use gaps for group 1 measurements. Hence, the UE  202  when measuring group 1 measurements can autonomously configure the gaps. In a special case, a group may consist of one measurement. 
     6. Conclusion 
     From the foregoing, the skilled person having the foregoing teaching will readily appreciate that among other things a radio network node  204  (e.g., eNodeB  204 , responsible node  204 ) is described above for configuring a measurement gap for positioning to be used by a UE  202 . Thus, in particular embodiments, the described solutions provide:
         Methods and rules for deciding measurement gap configuration based on a received request for measurement gaps for positioning, e.g. for
           Verifying the parameters in the request,   Optimizing the gap configuration based on the parameters in the gap request,   Deciding the gap configuration for a UE when multiple possibilities for gap configurations are indicated,   Deciding whether to configure/reconfigure measurement gaps for positioning e.g. based on priority,   Deciding whether to stop measurement gaps based on the stop indication,   Deciding whether to configure/reconfigure measurement gaps for positioning based on non-positioning gap assistant measurements e.g. mobility, SON, MDT etc.   
           Methods and rules/requirements for configuring measurement gaps ensuring that positioning measurement requirements are met.       

     The present invention has several technical advantages some of which are as follows:
         Improved positioning accuracy due to optimized positioning measurement gap configuration.   Determined behavior for nodes configuring measurement gaps.   Enabled verification of the data transmitted in the positioning measurement gap request and minimizing the probability of the signaling misuse.   Pre-defined rules for positioning measurement gap requests are helpful for consistent UE and eNodeB behavior, which may also be tested.   Minimized disturbance to other UE measurements during inter-frequency positioning measurement thanks to optimized positioning measurement gap configuration.   Low-overhead communication making radio nodes aware when the positioning related configuration is similar or the same in all cells in certain frequencies.   Further reduced communication overhead with multi-frequency/multi-band/multi-RAT/MSR/mixed-mode nodes and with co-located nodes.       

     The example UE  202  illustrated in  FIG. 2  includes the antenna  208 , the transceiver  210 , the processor  212 , and the memory  214 . In particular embodiments, some or all of the functionality described above as being provided by the UE  202  or another form of mobile communication device may be provided by the processor  212  executing instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, such as the memory  214 . Alternative embodiments of the UE  202  may include additional components beyond those shown in  FIG. 2  that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the UE&#39; s functionality, including any of the functionality described above and/or any functionality necessary to support the solutions described above. 
     The example radio network node  204  (e.g. base station  204 ) shown in  FIG. 2  includes the antenna  216 , the transceiver  218 , the network interface  220 , the processor  222 , and the memory  224 . In particular embodiments, some or all of the functionality described above as being provided by the radio network node  204  which can be for instance a mobile base station, a base station controller, a node B, an enhanced node B, and/or any other type of mobile communications node may be provided by the processor  222  executing instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, such as the memory  224  shown in  FIG. 2 . Alternative embodiments of the radio network node  204  may include additional components responsible for providing additional functionality, including any of the functionality identified above and/or any functionality necessary to support the solution described above. 
     The example positioning server  206  shown in  FIG. 2  includes the network interface  226 , the processor  228 , and the memory  230 . In particular embodiments, some or all of the functionality described above as being provided by the positioning server  206  which can be for instance an E-SMLC, a SLP, and/or any other type of node involved in the described positioning services may be provided by the processor  228  executing instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, such as the memory  230  shown in  FIG. 2 . Alternative embodiments of the positioning server  206  may include additional components responsible for providing additional functionality, including any of the functionality identified above and/or any functionality necessary to support the solution described above. 
     The skilled person should appreciate that the embodiments described herein are not limited to the currently standardized positioning measurements and methods. Furthermore, the following should be recognized in reading the description above: 
     1. The assistance data used in the present invention shall be understood in a broader sense as the data transmitted by a network node  204  to the UE  202  in order to assist in positioning measurements. The assistance data comprises at least a list of two cells (e.g., cell identifiers). In one specific example the assistance data is OTDOA assistance data in LTE. 
     2. Although the description is mainly given for UE, it should be understood by the skilled in the art that “UE” is a non-limiting term which means any wireless device or node (e.g. PDA, laptop, mobile, sensor, fixed relay, mobile relay or even a small base station that is being positioned when timing measurements for positioning are considered, i.e. a LCS target in general). The present invention may apply both for UEs capable and not capable of performing inter-frequency measurements without gaps, e.g. also including UEs capable of carrier aggregation. 
     3. A cell is associated with a radio node, where a radio node or radio network node or eNodeB (all of which are used interchangeably herein) comprise in a general sense any node transmitting radio signals that may be used for positioning, measurements, e.g., eNodeB, macro/micro/pico base station, home eNodeB, relay, beacon device, or repeater. More than one cells may also be associated with a radio node. The radio node may also be a multi-RAT or multi-standard radio (MSR) node. 
     4. The positioning node  206  described in different embodiments is a node with positioning functionality. For example, for LTE the positioning node  206  may be understood as a positioning platform in the user plane (e.g., SLP in LTE) or a positioning node in the control plane (e.g., E-SMLC in LTE). SLP may also include SLC and SPC, where SPC may also have a proprietary interface with E-SMLC. In a testing environment, at least the positioning node may be simulated or emulated by test equipment. 
     5. The signaling described herein is either via direct links or logical links (e.g. via higher layer protocols and/or via one or more network nodes). For example, in LTE in the case of signaling between E-SMLC and LCS Client the positioning result may be transferred via multiple nodes (at least via MME and GMLC). 
     6. The described solutions are not limited to implementation only in LTE networks, but may apply with any RAN, single- or multi-RAT. Some other RAT examples are LTE-Advanced, UMTS, GSM, cdma2000, WiMAX, and WiFi. 
     7. The present invention and in particular the embodiments involving signaling or autonomous identification and usage of the indication of the timing information awareness may be, with straightforward changes, applied in any network and network nodes that rely on the availability of the timing information of at least some cells, which, without signaling or autonomous identification, would not be able to provide reliable service. One service example is positioning, and the network node example is the positioning node  206 . 
     Although multiple embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but instead is also capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the present invention that as has been set forth and defined within the following claims.