Patent Publication Number: US-9851983-B2

Title: Method for generating text in a handheld electronic device and a handheld electronic device incorporating the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/119,387, entitled “Method for Generating Text That Meets Specified Characteristics In a Handheld Electronic Device and a Handheld Electronic Device Incorporating the Same” filed on Apr. 29, 2005. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     Aspects of the invention relate to generating text in a handheld electronic device and to expediting the process, such as for example, where the handheld electronic device receives text from sources external to the device. 
     Background Information 
     Generating text in a handheld electronic device examples of which include, for instance, personal data assistants (PDA&#39;s), handheld computers, two-way pagers, cellular telephones, text messaging devices, and the like, has become a complex process. This is due at least partially to the trend to make these handheld electronic devices smaller and lighter in weight. A limitation in making them smaller has been the physical size of keyboard if the keys are to be actuated directly by human fingers. Generally, there have been two approaches to solving this problem. One is to adapt the ten digit keypad indigenous to mobile phones for text input. This requires each key to support input of multiple characters. The second approach seeks to shrink the traditional full keyboard, such as the “qwerty” keyboard by doubling up characters to reduce the number of keys. In both cases, the input generated by actuation of a key representing multiple characters is ambiguous. Various schemes have been devised to interpret inputs from these multi-character keys. Some schemes require actuation of the key a specific number of times to identify the desired character. Others use software to progressively narrow the possible combinations of letters that can be intended by a specified sequence of key strokes. This latter approach uses multiple lists that can contain, for instance, generic words, application specific words, learned words and the like. 
     An object of aspects of the invention is to facilitate generating text in a handheld electronic device. In another sense, an object is to assist the generation of text by processes that utilize lists of words, ideograms and the like by gathering new language objects from sources of text external to the handheld electronic device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front view of an exemplary handheld electronic device incorporating aspects of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a functional diagram in block form illustrating aspects of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a flow chart illustrating operation of aspects of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart illustrating operation of aspects of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     The generation of text in a handheld electronic device that utilizes lists of language objects, such as for example, words, abbreviations, text shortcuts, and in some languages ideograms and the like to facilitate text generation, adapts to the user&#39;s experience by adding new language objects gleaned from text received from sources external to the handheld electronic device. An exemplary external source of text is e-mail messages. Additional non-limiting examples include SMS (Short Message Service), MMS (Multi-Media Service) and instant messages. 
     More particularly, aspects of the invention are directed to a method of entering text into a handheld electronic device having at least one application for receiving text from sources external to the device and a text input process that accesses at least one list of stored language objects to facilitate text generation. The method comprises processing received text by scanning the received text for any new language object not in any list of stored language objects and adding the new language objects to the at least one list of language objects for use by the text input process in facilitating generation of text. The language objects added to the new list can be selected from the group comprising: words, abbreviations, text shortcuts and ideograms. According to additional aspects of the invention some of the new language objects can be selected for removal from the at least one list of new language objects. Where the new language objects can be stored in a new list that has a selected capacity, a new language object is selected for removal from the new list to make room for a latest new language object when the selected capacity is reached. 
     Where the handheld electronic device includes input keys, at least some of which input multiple linguistic elements, such as alphabetic characters and strokes used to construct an ideogram, for a user to provide input for generating a desired text, and the input process determines from the sequence of inputs from the input keys an intended language object and wherein the at least one list of storage language objects includes a first list and a new list the latter of which stores the new language objects, the text input process has a preference rule for taking language objects from the first list and the new list to generate the intended text. In such a case, the language objects in the first list can have associated with them a frequency of use and the text input process associates a frequency of use with each of the new language objects stored in the new list. The preference rule can then use these frequencies of use of the language objects in selecting language objects for use in generating the intended text. 
     Aspects of the invention also embrace a handheld electronic device having a plurality of applications including at least one that receives text from a source external to the handheld electronic device. The device also includes a user interface through which a user inputs linguistic elements and a text generator that has a first language object list and a new language object list and a text input processor. This text input processor comprises processing means selecting new language objects not in the first or new list and adding them to the new list and means using selected language objects stored in the first list and the new list to generate the desired text from the linguistic elements input through the user interface. This handheld electronic device also includes an output means presenting the desired text to the user. Where the new list has a certain capacity for storing language objects, the processing means comprises means removing a selected new language object from the new language object list to make room for a latest new language object not in any list when the certain capacity is reached. The processing means can assign a frequency of use to each new language object when added to the new list and can subsequently reduce this frequency of use. The processing means can select as the new language object to be removed, the language object in the new list with the lowest frequency of use. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a wireless handheld electronic device  1 , which is but one type of handheld electronic device to which aspects of the invention can be applied. The exemplary handheld electronic device  1  includes an input device  3  in the form of a keyboard  5  and a thumbwheel  7  that are used to control the functions of the handheld electronic device  1  and to generate text and other inputs. The keyboard  5  constitutes a reduced “qwerty” keyboard in which most of the keys  9  are used to input two letters of the alphabet. Thus, initially the input generated by depressing one of these keys is ambiguous in that it is undetermined as to which letter was intended. Various schemes have been devised for disambiguating the inputs generated by these keys  9  assigned multiple letters for input. The particular scheme used is not relevant to aspects of the invention as long as one or more linguistic lists are used in the process. The input provided through the keyboard  5  and thumbwheel  7  are displayed on a display  11  as is well known. 
     Turning to  FIG. 2 , the input device  3  provides keystroke inputs to an execution system  13  that may be an operating system, a Java virtual machine, a run time environment or the like. The handheld electronic device  1  implements a plurality of applications  17 . These applications can include an address book  19 , e-mail  21 , a calendar  23 , a memo  25 , and additional applications such as, for example, spell check and a phone application. Generally these applications  17  require text input that is implemented by a text input process  27 , which forms part of an input system  15 . 
     Various types of text input processes  27  can be used that employ lists  29  to facilitate the generation of text. For example, in the exemplary handheld electronic device where the reduced “qwerty” keyboard produces ambiguous inputs, the text input process  27  utilizes software to progressively narrow the possible combination of letters that could be intended by a specified sequence of keystrokes. Such “disambiguation” software is known. Typically, such systems employ a plurality of lists of language objects. By language objects it is meant in the example words and in some languages ideograms. The keystrokes input linguistic elements, which in the case of words, are characters or letters in the alphabet, and in the case of ideograms, strokes that make up the ideogram. The list of language objects can also include abbreviations, and text shortcuts, which are becoming common with the growing use of various kinds of text messaging. Text shortcuts embraces the cryptic and rather clever short representations of common messages, such as, for example, “CUL8R” for “see you later”, “PXT” for “please explain that”, “SS” for “so sorry”, and the like. Lists that can be used by the exemplary disambiguation text input process  27  can include a generic list  31  and a new list  33 . Additional lists  35  can include learned words and special word lists such as technical terms for biotechnology. Other types of text input processes  27 , such as for example, prediction programs that anticipate a word intended by a user as it is typed in and thereby complete it, could also use word lists. Such a prediction program might be used with a full keyboard. 
     Known disambiguation programs can assign frequencies of use to the language objects, such as words, in the lists it uses to determine the language object intended by the user. Frequencies of use can be initially assigned based on statistics of common usage and can then be modified through actual usage. It is known for disambiguation programs to incorporate “learned” language objects such as words that were not in the initial lists, but were inserted by the user to drive the output to the intended new word. It is known to assign such learned words an initial frequency of use that is near the high end of the range of frequencies of use. This initial frequency of use is then modified through actual use as with the initially inserted words. 
     Aspects of the present invention are related to increasing the language objects available for use by the text input process  27 . One source for such additional language objects is the e-mail application. Not only is it likely that new language objects contained in incoming e-mails would be used by the user to generate a reply or other e-mail responses, such new language objects could also be language objects that the user might want to use in generating other text inputs. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate a flow chart of a routine  38  for harvesting new language objects from received e-mails. The incoming e-mails  39  are placed in a queue  41  for processing as permitted by the processing burden on the handheld electronic device  1 . Processing begins with scanning the e-mail to parse the message into words (language objects) at  43 . The parsed message is then filtered at  45  to remove unwanted components, such as numbers, dates, and the like. The language objects are then compared with the language objects in the current lists at  47 . If it is determined at  49  that none of the language objects in the received text are missing from the current lists, such as if all of the language objects in the incoming e-mail message are already in one of the lists as determined at  47 , then the routine  38  returns to the queue at  41 . The text input process then initiates scanning of the next incoming e-mail in the queue as processing time becomes available. 
     However, if any of the language objects examined at  47  are determined at  49  to be missing from the current lists, meaning that they are new language objects, processing continues to  51  where it is determined whether any of the new language objects can be considered to be in the current language being employed by the user on the handheld electronic device  1  to input text. An example of the processing at  51  is described in greater detail in  FIG. 4  and below. If it is determined at  51  that no new language objects are in the current language, all of the new language objects are ignored, and the routine returns to the queue at  41 . If, however, it is determined at  51  that a new language object is in the current language, each such new language object in the current language is assigned a frequency of use at  53 . This assigned frequency of use will typically be in the high range of the frequencies of use, for the example, at about the top one third. These new words are placed in the new list  33 . However, such a list will have a certain finite capacity, such that over time the new list can become full, as determined at  55 . If such is the case, room must be made for this latest entry. Thus, at  57 , room is made in the new list by removing one of the earlier entries. In the exemplary embodiment, where the new words are assigned a selected high initial frequency of use, and that frequency of use diminishes through operation of the disambiguation routine of the text input process, the word with the lowest frequency of use can be removed from the new list to make room for the latest new word. Alternatively, the stored new language object having a time stamp that is oldest can be removed. Accordingly, this latest new word is added to the new list at  59  and the routine returns to the queue at  41 . 
     An exemplary language analysis procedure, such as is performed at  51 , is depicted in detail in  FIG. 4 . It is first determined whether the ratio of new language objects in at least a segment of the text to the total number of language objects in the segment exceeds a predetermined threshold. For instance, if an analysis were performed on the text on a line-by-line basis, the routine  38  would determine at  61  whether the quantity of new language objects in any line of text is, for example, ten percent (10%) or more of the quantity of language objects in the line of text. Any appropriate threshold may be employed. Also, segments of the text other than lines may be analyzed, or the entire text message can be analyzed as a whole. The size of the segment may be determined based upon the quantity of text in the message and/or upon other factors. If it is determined at  61  that the threshold has not been met, the new language objects in the text are accepted as being in the current language, and processing continues onward to  53 , as is indicated at the numeral  69  in  FIG. 4 . 
     On the other hand, continuing the example, if it is determined at  61  that in any line or other segment of text the threshold is exceeded, processing continues at  63  where the linguistic elements in all of the new language objects in the text are compared with a set of predetermined linguistic elements. A determination of the ratio of new language objects to language objects and the set of predetermined linguistic elements are non-limiting examples of specified characteristics that may be at least partially indicative of or particular to one or more predetermined languages. 
     If, for example, the current language is English, an exemplary set of predetermined linguistic elements indicative of the English language might include, for instance, the twenty-six Latin letters, both upper and lower case, symbols such as an ampersand, asterisk, exclamation point, question mark, and pound sign, and certain predetermined diacritics. If a new language object has a linguistic element other than the linguistic elements in the set of predetermined linguistic elements particular to the current language, the new language object is considered to be in a language other than the current language. If the English language is the current language used on the handheld electronic device  1 , such as if the language objects stored in the lists  29  are generally in the English language, the routine  38  can identify and ignore non-English words. 
     If any new language objects are identified at  63  as having a linguistic element not in the set of predetermined linguistic elements, such new language objects are ignored, as at  65 . The routine  38  then determines at  67  whether any non-ignored new language objects exist in the text. If yes, the routine  38  then ascertains at  68  whether a ratio of the ignored new language objects in the text to the new language objects in the text exceeds another threshold, for example fifty percent (50%). Any appropriate threshold may be applied. For instance, if the routine  38  determines at  68  that fifty percent or more of the new language objects were ignored at  65 , processing returns to the queue at  41 , as is indicated at the numeral  71  in  FIG. 4 . This can provide an additional safeguard against adding undesirable language objects to the new list  33 . On the other hand, if the routine  38  determines at  68  that fewer than fifty percent of the new language objects were ignored at  65 , processing continues at  53 , as is indicated in  FIG. 4  at the numeral  69 , where the non-ignored new language objects can be added to the new list  33 . 
     If it is determined at  67  that no non-ignored new language objects exist in the text, processing returns to the queue at  41  as is indicated in  FIG. 4  at the numeral  71 . It is understood that other language analysis methodologies may be employed. 
     The above process not only searches for new words in a received e-mail but also for new abbreviations and new text shortcuts, or for ideograms if the language uses ideograms. In addition to scanning e-mails for new words, other text received from sources outside the handheld electronic device can also be scanned for new words. This can include gleaning new language objects from instant messages, SMS (short message service), MMS (multimedia service), and the like. 
     While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention which is to be given the full breadth of the claims appended and any and all equivalents thereof.