Patent Publication Number: US-7584280-B2

Title: System and method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in home network environment

Description:
This application claims the priorities of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/520,214, filed on Nov. 14, 2003 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and Korean Patent Application No. 2004-92105, filed on Nov. 11, 2004, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a system and method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment, and more particularly, to a system and method for managing multi-modal inputs for diverse users dynamically and adapting to the needs of context in a home network environment. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   This patent application relates to U.S. Pat. No. 6,496,871 issued to Jagannathan et al and entitled “Distributed Agent Software System and Method Having Enhanced Process Mobility and Communication in a Computer Network” and to U.S. patent Publication No. 2003-0046401 filed by Abbott et al. and entitled “Dynamically Determining Appropriate Computer User Interfaces.” 
   The abstract of Jagannathan&#39;s patent discloses a distributed software system and method provided for use with a plurality of potentially heterogeneous computer machines connected as a network. The system may comprise at least one agent comprising a protection domain, wherein the protection domain of the at least one agent resides on at least two of the plurality of computer machines. A plurality of objects is contained within the protection domain of the at least one agent, a first object residing on a first of the at least two computer machines and a second object residing on a second of the at least two computer machines. The objects are selectively movable among the at least two computer machines by a programmer of the system. The first object on the first computer machine may access the second object on the second computer machine in a location-transparent or network-transparent manner; that is, without knowledge of the physical address of the second object on the second computer machine and regardless of the selective movement of either the first object or the second object among the first and second computer machines. The agent is mobile and may migrate, in whole or in part, to any other machine or machines in the network. Each distributed agent may be distributed among one, several or many of the machines of the network. Migration of agents, even during process execution, is straightforward and maintains consistency across the network. Specifically, other agents may continue to access a particular agent after it has migrated without any prior notification to the agents themselves. 
   This work by Jagannathan et al. primarily deals with the design of a software agent code and its location in a networked communication system. It defines an object task, an agent ID, a task stack, and migration of an agent to a host on a run-time system. 
   The work by Abbott et al. on “Dynamically Determining Appropriate Computer User Interfaces” involves a method, system, and computer-readable medium for dynamically determining an appropriate user interface (UI) to be provided to a user. In some situations, the determining is to dynamically modify a UI being provided to a user of a wearable computing device so that the current UI is appropriate for a current context of the user. In order to dynamically determine an appropriate UI, various types of UI needs may be characterized based on a current user&#39;s situation, a current task being performed, current input/output (I/O) devices that are available, etc. In order to determine characteristics of a UI that is currently optimal or appropriate, various existing UI designs or templates may be characteristics used to identify optimal or appropriate situations, and one of the existing UIs that is most appropriate may then be selected based on the current UI needs. 
   This work by Abbott et al. facilitates a user of a wearable computing device to dynamically display one of several stored UIs appropriate to context. It defines a method of displaying a dynamic UI based on predefined contexts and uses a UI to select an appropriate UI. However, the work by Abbott only includes pre-defined characterization of the security capabilities of the UI. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention provides a system and method for managing multi-modal inputs for diverse users dynamically and adapting to the needs of context in a home network environment. 
   According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for providing a dynamic user configurable output for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network, including an input processing agent classifying inputs from a predetermined input device based on at least one criterion selected from the group consisting of an input block, an input type, a priority, and ranking and then outputting the classified inputs; an input collaboration agent performing real-time analysis on each of the inputs fed by the input processing agent to obtain a pre-defined output action for an input type corresponding to each input based on a user&#39;s context and performing a probabilistic inference on the inputs fed by the input processing agent to obtain a possible output action based on the user&#39;s context; and an agent server obtaining an output resource, which is available in the home network and corresponds to the user&#39;s context, based on the output action obtained by the input collaboration agent. 
   According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing a dynamic user configurable output for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network, including classifying inputs from a predetermined input device based on at least one criterion selected from the group consisting of an input block, an input type, a priority, and ranking and then outputting the classified inputs; performing real-time analysis on each of the inputs to obtain a pre-defined output action for an input type corresponding to each input based on a user&#39;s context or performing a probabilistic inference on the inputs to obtain a possible output action based on the user&#39;s context; and obtaining an output resource, which is available in the home network and corresponds to the user&#39;s context, based on the obtained output action. 
   Accordingly, users can make multi-modal inputs for both user input data and security context, the configuration of a device including user interface can be dynamically changed to adapt to a user&#39;s requirements, and an output based on the user&#39;s context can be produced. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a home network environment using a system and method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a basic architecture of a system for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a system, having all individual modules for a home-based operation, for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  illustrates connection between an input processing agent and a user mobile input agent; 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a procedure invoked by an agent server to contact and obtain resources; 
       FIG. 6  illustrates interactions between the agent server using a user manager agent and an output module; 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an operation of an input collaboration agent upon receiving inputs from an input processing agent; 
       FIG. 8  illustrates operations undertaken in the agent server to process and display the best output for multi-modal inputs; 
       FIG. 9  illustrates interface used by a mobile agent to contact a peer agent and a gateway agent; 
       FIG. 10  is a detailed diagram of a hybrid collaboration architecture provided in the input collaboration agent; 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart of a procedure performed by an input module and a base module at the beginning of a method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a sample graphical interface for the configuration of a Talk2TV home server; 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a table of possible input configuration available to a user; 
       FIG. 14  illustrates operations between the base agent and the mobile agent for a startup; 
       FIG. 15  illustrates operations of a security agent and a user manager agent; 
       FIG. 16  illustrates an example of use of a dynamic adaptive context for a smartphone; 
       FIGS. 17 and 18  illustrate sample configuration screens for use of a dynamic adaptive context on a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a smartphone, respectively; and 
       FIG. 19  illustrates one among many significant advantages of a system and method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment according to the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. 
   An agent is a piece of code that sits on a platform and communicates with an environment through an interface. Agents can be stationary or mobile. A stationary agent only execute on the platform and environment where it is meant to execute. On the contrary, a mobile agent can move from one system to another and execute in another domain or platform. 
   A home server is developed to play the pivotal role of managing all home network devices and multimedia content services through home networks in a household. The home server can be used as a digital television, surveillance equipment with a camera attached to the home server, and a messaging server as well as a streaming server, a data mining server or a home controller based on a user&#39;s needs. 
   A wide array of input devices is to be facilitated to enhance home networking data traffic. A plethora of possible inputs from diverse devices such as a camera, a microphone, a sketch recognizer, a gesture recognizer and/or text have to be managed simultaneously. Accordingly, the home server has to be enhanced to facilitate multi-modal inputs with multiple integrated user agents working together to facilitate all users at home. Also, an output has to dynamically change based on changes in user context. With the technology trend of decreasing display sizes and ever-increasing array of features available to the user, it is very difficult to display all the features for all users on the shrinking displays. So display has to be adaptive and context-aware to the needs of a user. 
   Managing multi-modal inputs in a dynamic context-sensitive home environment in which a plurality of inputs can be input changes the existing design of home environment servers. With multiple input and output devices connected to the home server, managing a simple device authentication using a password is not feasible. Also, mobile devices need to be enhanced to support mobile agents and collect a multitude of inputs for user input, localization and security context recognition. 
   Security in such a dynamic infrastructure is challenging. Conventional security methods are not suitable for managing dynamic context-sensitive user requirements. The present invention provides mobile agents at each interface input device to manage multiple users using mobile agent digital signatures to dynamically adapt to the context. Agents interface through a mobile base agent and a gateway agent and dynamically adapt to the needs of the requirements of a user. 
   Using mobile agents in the home environment is mainly advantageous in changing user scenarios and adhoc environment where a plethora of devices operate. The mobile agents can asynchronously or synchronously run with the base agent or can run autonomously and can provide an output to the home server. Also, the presence of dynamic devices with significant memory constraint facilitates the mobile agents. The mobile agents need to be downloaded based on a corresponding device capability. Peer agents can be run from the base agent. The mobile agents encapsulate a variety of other protocols and can operate seamlessly with any base network topology to provide inputs and security context information to the base agent. A mobile agent may be distributed to several nodes in a network. The mobile agent is dynamically loaded to a corresponding device based on the configuration and capability of the device. Input sub-agents are dynamically activated based on user configuration and device features. For a device that has a microphone input, a camera input, and a text input; a speech input sub-agent, a gesture input sub-agent, and a text input sub-agent are loaded to the device. 
     FIG. 1  illustrates a home network environment using a system and method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 1 , a home server  100  provided at home is connected to an external world through Internet and public switched telephone network (PSTN). The home server  100  connects to a plurality of home devices using diverse communication facilities such as a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN, and a Bluetooth. The home devices connected to the home server  100  may be divided according to a connection unit as follows. Firstly, a personal digital assistant (PDA)  112 , a wireless phone  114 , a computer  116 , and a game station  118  are connected to the home server  100  via an access point  110  of the wireless LAN. Secondly, a computer  120 , a TV  122 , a projector  124 , a plurality of sensors  126  and  128 , and a plurality of surveillance cameras  130 ,  132 , and  134  are connected via the wired LAN. Besides, a mobile phone  140 , a computer  150  equipped with a Bluetooth module, etc. may be connected to the home server  100 . 
   A user may configure a plurality of input devices on a home network having such profile. The home server  100  acts as a central processing unit for operations of all home devices  112  through  150 . The user may configure an output displayed on a personal display device or the projector  124  attached to the home server  100 . The output is displayed on a single display or a plurality of displays based on a user profile or a user configuration. 
   Let us envision a scenario wherein the user has configured the output to be displayed on all devices when the user is all alone at home. Suppose that an intruder enters the home or watches through a window, a display has to dynamically adapt to a change into personal profile settings based on the user configuration. Presence of the intruder may be detected using diverse input devices such as the cameras  130 ,  132 , and  134  and/or sensors  126  and  128  that send information over the Bluetooth or wireless LAN to the home server  100 . Such a home network structure facilitates the user to configure many security agents that co-operate to detect intrusion using localization inputs from cameras, sensor inputs from sensors, and biometric and voice recognition in addition to conventional password schemes. 
   If the same scenario is further broadened, the user could overlook a family member. A display dynamically detects a family profile and displays the family profile customized by the user. Here, mobile agents and a hybrid collaboration architecture are used to determine the best possible case of action. 
     FIG. 2  illustrates a basic architecture of a system  200  for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 2 , the system  200  includes a base agent  210 , a motile agent  220 , an input agent  230 , a replicated base agent  240 , a gateway agent  250 , a speech sub-agent  260 , and a gesture sub-agent  270 . 
   The base agent  210  is located within the home server  100 . An agent platform resides in the base agent  210 . The basic architecture shown in  FIG. 2  enables a device to accept an input from the input agent  230  and connect an output to the mobile agent  220  in a corresponding device. The output may be forwarded to the replicated base agent  240  or the gateway agent  250  based on a request. The replicated base agent  240  facilitates replication of an agent state and value in a case of failure of the home server  100 . The gateway agent  250  connects to an external Internet domain or a PSTN through well-defined interfaces. The gateway agent  250  is vital to the remote operation of the mobile agent  220  from the external world, e.g., a user&#39;s virtual office embodied on the user&#39;s mobile device. However, this operation is not enabled by default and is only available on user configuration of trusted devices. 
   The mobile agent  220  can be located on the base agent  210  or on the replicated base agent  240  based on user configuration. For example, when a user works on a cordless phone which has an interface to the home server  100 , the base agent  210  does not accept any inputs other than text Inputs. The user can configure a camera input agent at the home server  100  to accept inputs for the user&#39;s profile due to the dynamic mobility of the mobile agent  220 . Several input agents  230  can be configured for a device including a camera input for both of biometric recognition and localization, a text input for a normal behavioral pattern, a gesture input for action-based input recognition, and a sensor for both of localization and other information. 
   The speech sub-agent  260  may be activated for only the user&#39;s profile home device by default. The speech sub-agent  260  can be modified to accept an input from any configurable mobile agent  220  with speech recognition capability, but the user cannot configure more than one device to accept multiple inputs of the same type. The gesture sub-agent  270  can also be used for both of recognition and input to the mobile agent  220  in the similar manner as the speech sub-agent  260 . 
   The system  200  facilitates users to configure multi-modal inputs for dynamic adaptive recognition and usage. A user can configure several profiles that define the user&#39;s characteristics and each profile can adapt dynamically based on context-sensitive data fed to the input agent  230 . The data is processed dynamically and the system  200  adapts to the changed user and context-sensitive conditions. 
   Multi-modal inputs are fed to an input processing agent  212  which categorizes the inputs into an input type, an input category, and an input value, which accepts an input string, and which feeds similar inputs to an input collaboration agent  214 . The input collaboration agent  214  processes a series of similar inputs based on both of a real-time reasoning and analysis and a hybrid collaboration architecture. Two possible action scenarios for input cases are stored and forwarded to an agent server  216 . The agent server  216  compares outputs and takes the best possible action based on a comparator algorithm. The agent server  216  feeds the best possible output to an output device. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates a system  300 , having all individual modules for a home-based operation, for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Architecture for connection to a gateway agent is not defined in  FIG. 3 . The system  300  includes an input module  310 , a base module  330 , and an output module  350 . 
   The input module  310  is a device that accepts an input and the output module  350  is a device that displays an output. The input module  310 , the output module  350 , and the base module  330  may be on the same device or on separate devices. For example, when accepting an input from a PDA and displaying an output on a projector connected to a home server, the PDA is the input module  310  and the output module  350  is located in the home server. The projector is physically connected to the home server on a physical port. Software for the output module  350  is located in the base module  330 , where an agent platform is located. Similar scenarios prove that the option of having dynamic mobile agents in a home environment network facilitates a dynamic adaptable operation. A default profile uses the input module  310  and the output module  350  on the same device and remotely interacts with the base module  330  on the home server. 
   The input module  310  activates an initiation unit  320  on booting an input device. The input module  310  sends a signal to a device discovery agent  342  that runs continuously. Similarly, an initiation unit  358  included in the output module  350  is recognized by the device discover agent  342  which maintains a list of input and output devices active for current user configuration and the whole system  300 . 
   An initiation agent  344  included in the base module  330  loads a platform and a class loader. A security agent  340  included in the base module  330  is a mobile agent that activates on the device discovery agent  342  and works to identify a current user. Different security sub-agents may be configured to operate for a device. The security sub-agents work as multi-modal inputs to recognize a user and loads default configuration for the multi-modal inputs. The security agent  340  informs a user manager agent  338  of a current user context and continuously works to inform the user manager agent  338  of dynamically changing security contexts. The security contexts are defined to be tightly integrated to user profiles. 
   A security agent  318  included in the input module  310  uses different security sub-agents configured for a user profile to identify changes in security context. Security sub-agents configured for the input device include a sensor sub-agent, a camera localization sub-agent, a speech recognition sub-agent, a biometric recognition sub-agent, a fingerprint authentication sub-agent, and a text password security sub-agent. The output module  350  has a security agent  356  selectively. As the function of the security agent  356  is similar to that of the security agent  318 , detailed description will be omitted. 
   Various types of security configurations are tightly integrated into a user profile and interact together with a profile manager  354 , i.e., an instance of the user manager agent  338  in the output module  350  to dynamically operate on security contexts defined to operate for the user profile. The user manager agent  338  is tightly coupled to an agent server  336  to get an output based on a current user profile and context state. 
   The agent server  336  is pivotal to the operation of the system  300  and interacts with all other agents. A replication model is thereby facilitated to enable redundancy and to eliminate failures. The agent server  336  also keeps a record of all devices under its domain by receiving information from the device discovery agent  342 . Replication interface to a replicated base agent or any peer base agent will be explained later. Interface to a gateway agent is similar to peer agent interface. 
   On successful authentication of a user, a corresponding default user interface is initially loaded to facilitate real-time output and security reasons. The user can configure his/her profile to facilitate context-based output to be displayed on changing his/her profile settings. A user interface agent  334  included in the base module  330  stores all user contexts and profiles for the users and facilitates the users to define a dynamic profile that is system-defined or to define and add new profiles and contexts based on the users&#39; needs. As the function of the user interface agents  316  included in the input module  310  is similar to that of the interface agents  344  included in the base module  330 , detailed description will be omitted. Meanwhile, output module  350  has a user interface agents  352  selectively. The user interface agent  334  subsequently loads all of the input mobile agents to a mobile device. 
   An input agent  312  loaded is based on a user configuration. The input agent  312  dynamically loads different input sub-agents  314 - 1  and  314 - 2  based on a corresponding input agent device configured for the user and a device capability for the input device. Unlikely, only one input sub-agent of an input type may be loaded. An input agent system  332  consists of an input processing agent and an input collaboration agent that have been described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     FIG. 4  illustrates connection between an input processing agent  400  and a user mobile input agent  410 . Referring to  FIG. 4 , the user mobile input agent  410 , other input agents  430 , and an input collaboration agent  440  are connected to the input processing agent  400 . The other input agents  430  can be configured to operate on behalf of the user mobile input agent  410 . A speech input sub-agent  412 , a camera input sub-agent  414 , a sketch input sub-agent  416 , a text input sub-agent  418 , and other input sub-agents  420  are configured for a user based on a corresponding device capability and provide inputs to the input processing agent  400 . 
   The input processing agent  400  collects all multi-modal inputs configured for user inputs and assigns priorities based on an input type. The priorities based on the input type are defined by the user. Configuration of a single input enables the system to behave as a normal single-input device. Priority  0  is the highest priority and is assigned to the text input sub-agent  418  by default. The user can modify the user&#39;s profile settings to change the corresponding priorities for different input types configured for the user&#39;s mobile device. The input processing agent  400  also assigns system-defined rankings for the inputs received by an agent. The rankings are given on a rating of 0-10 based on the quality of input received at an interface. 
   The input processing agent  400  then feeds an input with the highest priority and the highest ranking to the input collaboration agent  440  and also feeds the other multi-modal inputs and their rankings and priorities to the input collaboration agent  440 . The input collaboration agent  440  then works on these inputs, which have been fed by the input processing agent  400 , based on a pre-analysis and a collaborative algorithm with probabilistic inherence to produce the most favorable action. Thereafter, the input collaboration agent  440  feeds an output resulting from real-time processing and an output resulting from multi-modal analysis to the agent server  450  for further actions and resource output. An architecture of the agent server  450  for processing these inputs will be described later. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates a procedure invoked by an agent server  500  to contact and obtain resources. Referring to  FIG. 5 , the agent server  500  is an agent solely responsible for contact between a home resource agent  520  and a gateway resource agent  530 . Based on an output action, the agent server  500  forwards a resource request to a resource agent  510 . 
   The resource agent  510  verifies if an output is available within its home network domain to request the home resource agent  520 . In addition, the resource agent  510  forwards a resource request to the gateway resource agent  530  that gets the corresponding resource from an external world. The resource agent  510  forks a thread to make a requested resource available to the agent server  500  and sends a requested output back to the agent server  500  using a response method. The agent server  500  may deliberate several threads to respond to a sequence of requests. The agent server  500  maintains the status of its requests in a thread information base  502  and keeps a request thread active until it receives an output. The agent server receives a complete response to a corresponding request query  504 . Such resource acquisition procedure is not just used between the agent server  500  and the home resource agent  520  and/or the gateway resource agent  530 . 
     FIG. 6  illustrates interactions between an agent server  600  using a user manager agent  610  and an output module  620 . Referring to  FIG. 6 , the user manager agent  610  and the agent server  600  interact with each other over a tightly coupling interface to facilitate dynamic changes in a user profile and corresponding changes in an output action. A profile manager  612  in the user manager agent  610  assists in managing user profiles based on the user&#39;s preferences. The user profiles vary dynamically based on a corresponding context. 
   A security agent  630  connected to the user manager agent  610  notifies the profile manager  612  of any change in security context and thereby enables the user manager agent  610  to dynamically adapt to the context-sensitive changes. A profile manager  622  in the output module  620  stores different outputs based on context profiles authorized for the user and thereby can easily adapt to highly dynamic changes in a display environment. The adaptive dynamic change may be disabled or enabled by the user based on his/her preferences. A security agent  624  of the output module  620  notifies the profile manager  622  of any change in security context. 
     FIG. 7  illustrates an operation of an input collaboration agent  720  upon receiving inputs from an input processing agent  710 . Referring to  FIG. 7 , the input processing agent  710  categorizes inputs based on an input block, an input type, a priority, and a ranking and sends an input with the highest priority and the highest ranking to both of a real-time analysis agent  726  and a multi-modal input analysis agent  722 . 
   The real-time analysis agent  726  accepts an input with the highest priority and the highest ranking for an input block from the input processing agent  710  and first classifies the input based on an input category. Thereafter, the real-time analysis agent  726  verifies the real-time analysis information management base to verify a pre-defined output for a corresponding input type based on the input category, an input value, a previous input category, a previous input value, a previous output action, a current context state, and a previous context state. If a corresponding entry is found in the real-time analysis information management base, the previous output action is defined to be the current output action. An output action of the real-time analysis agent  726  is then forwarded directly to an agent server  700  for immediate action. The agent server  700  contacts an appropriate resource based on information that it has and outputs the appropriate resource to an output module. The output resource is then modified to a user&#39;s profile context and several profile flavors are maintained in a profile manager. The profile manager then dynamically adapts to security changes to append an exact profile output to the output module. 
   If the corresponding entry for a queried request is not available in the real-time analysis management information base, a corresponding context state is queried (operation  728 ). If the context state is available for the corresponding input category and input value, a current context is output. If the context state is not available for the corresponding input category and input value, a new record is created in an input service record to facilitate output details to be appended by the agent server  700  (operation  732 ). The input service record is a subset of a service record database that will be defined below. 
   If the current context is returned successfully, an action database is queried for a corresponding action to be taken for the corresponding input and an output that is forwarded to the agent server  700  for resource query (operation  730 ). If the corresponding action is not found for the input category and input value, a new record is created in the input service record to facilitate output details to be appended by the agent server  700  (operation  734 ). 
   Significant part of the operation of the input collaboration agent  720  deals with a hybrid collaboration architecture  724 . The input having the highest priority the highest ranking is fed to the multi-modal input analysis agent  722  together with other multi-modal inputs based on input block criteria. The multi-modal input analysis agent  722  has an input event wait queue that accepts other inputs recognized as a part of the input block. The input processing agent  710  assigns input blocks based on input agents configured for the user and accepts inputs from all sub-agents active for a device. Inactive sub-agents provide zero ranking inputs that are not processed further beyond the multi-modal input analysis agent  722 . Thereafter, the multi-modal input analysis agent  722  performs a probabilistic inference to query the multi-modal information management base and obtains the best possible action to be taken for a sequence of inputs, a previous action, a similar previous sequence of inputs, and current and previous contexts associated with the inputs. The multi-modal input analysis agent  722  also performs a probabilistic inference on a subsequent possible sequence of inputs. The corresponding action inferred to be the best action based on the current context is fed to the agent server  700  for resource query. 
   The multi-modal information management base and the real-time information management base are subsets of an information management base. These subsets have similar inherence to that of the input service record from the service record database. 
   Thereafter, the multi-modal input analysis agent  722  forwards inputs corresponding to the input block criteria to the hybrid collaboration architecture  724  which blocks based on collaboration and parallel processing for the inputs. The detailed structure of the hybrid collaboration architecture  724  will be described later. The hybrid collaboration architecture  724  is based on neural processing and feedback control systems and grows to dynamically adapt based on a current input, a previous input, a current action to be taken, a previous action taken, and other input definitions delivered by input. Such a processing block at the input collaboration agent  720  is critical for processing multi-modal inputs and for performing a dynamic probabilistic inherence of possible subsequent means of input and action. A home server has no significant memory constraints and therefore the above-described elements are located in the home server. 
     FIG. 8  illustrates operations undertaken in an agent server  810  to process and display the best output for multi-modal inputs. Referring to  FIG. 8 , to obtain a corresponding resource through a resource procedure, an input collaboration agent  800  feeds either a real-time pre-analyzed input or a real-time computed input to the agent server  810  which processes real-time inputs or multi-modal inputs received. Information for resources is maintained in an information management base. The details of received inputs and corresponding action to be taken are appended to a service record database. The agent server  810  waits in real-time for the best action output from the multi-modal inputs. 
   Upon receiving a pre-analyzed multi-modal action or a hybrid architecture defined multi-modal action, the agent server  810  performs the following actions. 
   The agent server  810  performs the resource procedure to obtain a resource corresponding to an input from the input collaboration agent  800 . Simultaneously, a first resource procedure block  812  and a second resource procedure block  816  in the agent server  810  process the real-time computed input and the real-time pre-analyzed input, respectively. A first storage  814  and a second storage  818  are provided to correspond to the first resource procedure block  812  and the second resource procedure block  816 , respectively, and store the values of the inputs received from the input collaboration agent  800  and their corresponding actions. A comparator  820  compares the actions corresponding to the input values with an output action obtained from a real-time analysis agent. Here, the comparator  820  may use a best case definition algorithm. The agent server  810  feeds an output obtained as a result of the comparison to a user manager agent  830 . If the output action does not differ from criteria defined for the comparison, the comparator  820  requests the first resource procedure block  812  to forward a pre-computed real-time resource to the user manager agent  830 . If the comparator  820  finds dis-similarities between the output action and the criteria, a multi-modal output is given precedence over a real-time analysis output. Here, the comparator  820  requests the second resource procedure block  816  to forward a resource computed by a multi-modal procedure to the user manager agent  830 . 
     FIG. 9  illustrates interface used by a mobile agent  910  to contact a peer agent  920  and a gateway agent. The architecture of the mobile agent  910  defined for a home environment is centralized with a replicated agent for redundancy. A base agent has an agent platform system and may use diverse interfaces for supporting a plurality of devices that may exist in the home environment. The interfaces may be parallel distributed to prevent bottlenecks. The peer agent  920  facilitates parallel operation to manage a multitude of home devices growing dynamically as technology adaptation increases. A user can configure the peer agent  920  for adaptation to highly dynamic conditions based on a network load in the home environment. 
   An interface to the mobile agent  910  is created using Java/XML. There are several mobile agent methods  904  that are dynamically downloaded to a mobile device based on device capability and/or user configuration in a remote call interface  902 . An agent information base  908  manages the states of agents and their locations and available instances. A request to the peer agent  920  on a centralized architecture is managed through a peer agent queue  906 , and different queues are used for different peer agents (or replicated base agents)  920 . When a gateway agent is connected to the base agent  900  as defined in a default architecture, a gateway agent queue is defined and created for agent inter-process communication. A request to the gateway agent is defined to be a 4-way handshake procedure for security reasons. 
     FIG. 10  is a detailed diagram of a hybrid collaboration architecture  1000  provided in the input collaboration agent. The hybrid collaboration architecture  1000  accepts inputs based on an input block, an input category, an input type, a current context, and a corresponding input string. The inputs are fed through a series of parallel reactive probabilistic inferences and a corresponding action for each possible input type obtained. The inferences are performed by reactive inference units  1002 ,  1004 , and  1006  and probabilistic inference units  1012 ,  1014 , and  1016 . The maximum number of parallel processes is limited by input types configured for multi-modal inputs. Also, a multi-modal input analysis agent  1060  ignores inputs with zero ranking definition. After the inferences, the best possible action is queried sequentially by query best action units  1022 ,  1024 , and  1026 . The best possible action is obtained for all possible input types including the latest possible input that has arrived in an input event wait queue  1030  and the previous inputs that are inferred to belong to the input block category in a similar input database  1040 . A dissimilar input inference unit  1055  feeds an input that is inferred to be dissimilar to a dissimilar input database  1045  for subsequent input blocks to analyze. A similar input collaboration unit  1050  ascertains the best possible output action for a sequence of inputs and feeds it to an agent server  1070 . The input event wait queue  1030  is flushed for the input block category and reasoning fed back to a probabilistic inference management base  1035 . 
     FIG. 11  is a flowchart of a procedure performed by the input module  310  shown in  FIG. 3  and the base module  330  shown in  FIG. 3  at the beginning of a method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications according to an embodiment of the present invention. The input module  310  resides on a mobile agent and the base module  330  resides on a base agent. 
   Referring to  FIG. 11 , in operation Si  100 , the initiation agent  344  in the base module  330  loads a platform and a class loader. In addition, the initiation agent  344  starts the device discovery agent  342  that waits for inputs from the input module  310  that are active. In operation S 1110 , the input module  310  on the mobile agent on power up starts an initiation procedure. In operation S 1115 , the input module  310  checks to see if any previous device configurations exist. If a previous device configuration exists, in operation S 1120 , the input module  310  sends the previous device configuration to the base module  330 . The device discovery agent  342  in the base module  330  notifies information received from the input module  310  to the security agent  340  for authentication procedures. Lists of devices are maintained active in the user manager agent  338 . Security agent digital signatures may be stored permanently in trusted devices or configured dynamically on startup. In operation S 1125 , the input module  310  verifies if the security agent  318  exists therein. If the security agent  318  exists in the input module  310 , in operation S 1130 , a saved agent is reloaded. In operation S 1135 , the reloaded agent begins to load input agents to start operation. A default security profile is loaded on startup. 
   If any previous device configuration or the security agent  318  does not exist, in operation S 1140 , the input module  310  sends device characteristics to the base module  330  supporting the input module  310 . In operation S 1145 , the base module  330  receiving the device characteristics loads a new agent system for the input module  310  and a new security agent. In addition, the base module  330  creates a new mobile agent interface and sends a device configuration to the device discovery agent  342 . In operation S 1150 , the input module  310  creates a new agent. 
     FIG. 12  illustrates a sample graphical interface for the configuration of a Talk2TV home server. A user can configure several devices as icons on a computer screen  1200  and dynamically activate and deactivate inputs on devices configured to be a part of the user&#39;s home domain. The user can also view a display on another display device connected to the home server configured for the user&#39;s domain  1210 . 
     FIG. 13  illustrates a table of possible input configuration available to a user. The PROFILE column denotes various profiles configured to operate in the user&#39;s domain. The user can have a private profile, a family profile, a general profile, or other profiles by default. Users can also dynamically configure their own profiles based on their needs. The INPUT TYPE column denotes input types available for the user&#39;s domain. The available input types include a speech input, a camera input, a localization input, a text input, and other inputs configured for the user. Users can assign a priority to each input type based on their needs. A default option may issue the highest priority to the speech input if available. It is to be noted that ranking is a system-defined table of input type quality. If the quality of the speech input is bad and the system cannot identify a command issued clearly from the possibilities, a low ranking of 0 is issued to a particular input type. Ranking varies from a low value of 0 to a high value of 3 based on input type quality. 
   The INPUT DEVICE column defines input devices available to the user for configuration in the user&#39;s profile. Different input devices can be enabled/disabled based on users choices. Only one input device can be enabled for most inputs like speech. Camera and localization inputs are configured for acceptance from multiple devices. 
     FIG. 14  illustrates operations between a base agent  1400  and a mobile agent  1450  for startup. An initiation agent/class loader/device discovery agent  1405  is started in the base agent  1400 . The device discovery agent waits for initiation signals from all mobile agent devices  1455 . A security agent creates a security agent object  1410  for the base agent  1400  and a security agent object reference  1460  corresponding to the security agent object  1410  for the mobile agent  1450 . Security agent object instances  1415  and  1465  are created for the base agent  1400  and the mobile agent  1450 , respectively, and interface with each other. Other objects  1420 ,  1425 , and  1430  in the base agent  1400  and other objects  1470 ,  1475 , and  1480  in the mobile agent  1450  are subsequently created and initialized. 
   A sample class definition for the device discovery agent is coded as follows: 
   
     
       
         
             
             
           
             
                 
                 
             
           
          
             
                 
               Sample Class definition for DeviceDiscoveryAgent 
             
             
                 
               class DeviceDiscoveryAgent 
             
             
                 
               { 
             
          
         
         
             
             
          
             
                 
               private: 
             
          
         
         
             
             
          
             
                 
               DeviceDiscoveryAgent( ); 
             
             
                 
               ~DeviceDiscoveryAgent( ); 
             
             
                 
               void init( ); // initiation function 
             
          
         
         
             
             
          
             
                 
               public: 
             
          
         
         
             
             
          
             
                 
               void addDeviceConfig( ); // add the device config 
             
             
                 
               void updateDeviceConfig( ); // update the device config 
             
             
                 
               void removeDeviceConfig( ); // remove the device config 
             
          
         
         
             
             
          
             
                 
               };. 
             
             
                 
                 
             
          
         
       
     
   
   Thus defined agent has three public methods to facilitate addition of device configuration, update of the device configuration, and deletion of the device configuration. 
     FIG. 15  illustrates operations of a security agent  1500  and a user manager agent  1550 . A plurality of security input sub-agents  1512 ,  1514 , and  1516  included in the security agent  1500  are configurable for a device and a user based on the user&#39;s context activated on startup. These security input sub-agents  1512 ,  1514 , and  1516  provide individual inputs for identifying the user and facilitating authentication, authorization and confidentiality. The individual inputs obtained by the security input sub-agents  1512 ,  1514 , and  1516  are analyzed by a multi-modal input analysis agent  1552  included in the user manager agent  1550 , and corresponding outputs are fed to a hybrid collaboration security agent  1554 . The multi-modal input analysis agent  1552  receives all security inputs and categorizes the inputs into classes correspond to users domain. Only inputs corresponding to a current user domain are fed to the hybrid collaboration security agent  1554 . The hybrid collaboration security agent  1554  performs collaborative analysis to obtain the best possible means of output action and feeds an output to an agent server  1570  and a profile manager  1556 . The profile manager  1556  waits for an output from the agent server  1570  corresponding to a user context and maintains respective profile outputs for the users to dynamically adapt to context-sensitive needs of a user. Information related to security contexts and agent digital signatures is maintained in a secure information base  1558 . An output from the profile manager  1556  is displayed on a corresponding output device. 
     FIG. 16  illustrates an example of use of a dynamic adaptive context for a smartphone. A gaming user needs a feed of only an output that constantly changes with respect to the context of some games and may configure a user output to be displayed on the smartphone as shown in  FIG. 16 . This feature is extremely useful to facilitate small display devices to enrich the facilities offered by their bigger cousins. 
     FIGS. 17 and 18  illustrate sample configuration screens for use of a dynamic adaptive context on a PDA and a smartphone, respectively.  FIG. 19  illustrates one among many significant advantages of a system and method for multi-modal context-sensitive applications in a home network environment according to the present invention. 
   Referring to  FIG. 17 , an output can be displayed as an individual object and a user can configure user interface to denote moving objects only, which is especially useful when the user plays games on a minuscule screen device. Referring to  FIG. 18 , a user can easily select a menu displayed on a small smartphone. Referring to  FIG. 19 , a user can dynamically adapt small display sizes of some devices to adopt to the user&#39;s tastes based on context scenarios. This is configured in correspondence with a probabilistic inference database. 
   As described above, according to the present invention, a user of a smartphone or a PDA with Internet browsing capabilities can dynamically display icons related to news and stocks during the day and icons related to music and movies during the night. This is inferred based on the individual user&#39;s usage scenario. The icons rotate at a probability of usage based on previous usage scenarios. The present invention can also adapt to new technology devices to display the technology trends of a plurality of applications based on a user&#39;s individual choices and preferences inferred by a method and apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention. 
   The invention can also be embodied as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium. The computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data which can be thereafter read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable recording medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission through the Internet). The computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. 
   The present invention enables the way that human-computer interaction occurs in a traditional home environment to dynamically adapt to the next generation input and security requirements and facilitates security identification to prevent unauthorized usage and prevent crimes that occur unnoticed at homes. In addition, the present invention enables users to make multi-modal inputs for both user input data and security context. The present invention uses a hybrid architecture using parallel processing coupled with real-time analysis to provide the best possible solution to a sequence of user inputs and thereby dynamically changes the configuration of a device including user interface to adapt to a user&#39;s requirements and produces an output based on the user&#39;s context. 
   Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.