Patent Publication Number: US-2023164001-A1

Title: Electronic device and method of estimating channel impulse response

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/KR2022/012998 designating the United States, filed on Aug. 31, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Receiving Office and claiming priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0161035, filed on Nov. 22, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     One or more embodiments of the instant disclosure generally relate to an electronic device and method of estimating a channel impulse response (CIR). 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication technology may be implemented under The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard and may implement short-range high-speed wireless communication using a wide frequency band of more than several GHz in the baseband, low spectral density, and short pulse width (e.g., 1 to 4 nsec). UWB communication technology is optimized for usage of broadband bandwidth. 
     In IEEE 802.15.4z, communication security has been supplemented by adding a security field called scrambled time stamp (STS) to the previous IEEE 802.15.4a standard. Due to this, UWB communication technology has attracted attention in various technical fields. For example, the Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC), which is a vehicle communication standard organization, has chosen UWB communication technology as the representative technology of its Phase 3, and thus, products are being developed using UWB communication technology. UWB communication technology has also been developed in other field, such as being used as trackers, in location-based services (LBS), payments, and door locks. 
     SUMMARY 
     Services utilizing ultra-wideband communication (UWB) communication, such as a finding service to find a target device (e.g., finding my phone), a service that employs tags, or a service that employs trackers, may use the angle of arrival (AoA) of a signal (e.g., UWB signal). By using UWB communication, since the electronic device may identify (e.g., extract) the UWB signals received from two antennas at approximately the same time, and the electronic device may calculate the AoA based on the phase difference of arrival (PDoA) between the UWB signals received by the two antennas and may accurately calculate a position (e.g., direction) by using the AoA. In the finding service to find a target device, user experience corresponds to accuracy, i.e., user experience may be poor as the accuracy of AoA decreases. Since the UWB signal received by the electronic device to find the target device may be unstable depending on the location and the direction of the target device with respect to the electronic device, the accuracy of AoA may decrease. Thus, there is a demand for techniques to improve the accuracy of the AoA. 
     The technical problem to be achieved in the present disclosure is not limited to the technical problem mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned above are clearly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art from the following description. 
     According to an embodiment, an electronic device includes a plurality of antennas, at least one wireless communication module configured to transmit and receive wireless signals through the plurality of antennas, and at least one processor operatively connected to the wireless communication module, wherein the at least one wireless communication module or the at least one processor is configured to, based on one or more UWB signals received from a target device, obtain first pieces of phase information corresponding to first channel impulse response (CIR) indices and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices, and determine information on the one or more UWB signals based on a slope between the first pieces of phase information and a slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
     According to an embodiment, an operating method of an electronic device includes based on one or more UWB signals received from a target device, obtaining first pieces of phase information corresponding to first CIR indices and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices, and determining information on the one or more UWB signals based on a slope between the first pieces of phase information and a slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
     In addition, various effects directly or indirectly ascertained through the present disclosure may be provided. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device in a network environment according to an example embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating a method of estimating an angle of arrival (AoA), according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating a method of estimating a channel impulse response (CIR) according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  5    is a diagram illustrating a method of determining information on an ultra-wideband (UWB) signal, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of determining information on a UWB signal, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating an example of the method of determining information on a UWB signal, according to one embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operating method of an electronic device, according to one embodiment; and 
         FIG.  9    is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operating method of an electronic device according to one embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Certain embodiments disclosed herein may provide a method of determining a confidence level for an AoA of a UWB signal by using various pieces of phase information. Certain embodiments may provide a method of determining whether a communication environment of a UWB signal is a line-of-sight (LoS) environment or a non-LoS (NLoS) environment by using various pieces of phase information. 
     By determining the confidence level of the AoA of the UWB signal by using various pieces of phase information, one or more embodiments disclosed herein may improve user experience by providing the user with accurate direction information based on the AoA of UWB signal. 
     Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When describing the example embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements and a repeated description related thereto will be omitted. 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device  101  in a network environment  100  according to an example embodiment. Referring to  FIG.  1   , the electronic device  101  in the network environment  100  may communicate with an electronic device  102  via a first network  198  (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or communicate with at least one of an electronic device  104  or a server  108  via a second network  199  (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to an example embodiment, the electronic device  101  may communicate with the electronic device  104  via the server  108 . According to an example embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include a processor  120 , a memory  130 , an input module  150 , a sound output module  155 , a display module  160 , an audio module  170 , and a sensor module  176 , an interface  177 , a connecting terminal  178 , a haptic module  179 , a camera module  180 , a power management module  188 , a battery  189 , a communication module  190 , a subscriber identification module (SIM)  196 , or an antenna module  197 . In some example embodiments, at least one of the components (e.g., the connecting terminal  178 ) may be omitted from the electronic device  101 , or one or more other components may be added in the electronic device  101 . In some example embodiments, some of the components (e.g., the sensor module  176 , the camera module  180 , or the antenna module  197 ) may be integrated as a single component (e.g., the display module  160 ). 
     The processor  120  may execute, for example, software (e.g., a program  140 ) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device  101  connected to the processor  120 , and may perform various data processing or computation. According to an example embodiment, as at least a part of data processing or computation, the processor  120  may store a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module  176  or the communication module  190 ) in a volatile memory  132 , process the command or the data stored in the volatile memory  132 , and store resulting data in a non-volatile memory  134 . According to an example embodiment, the processor  120  may include a main processor  121  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)), or an auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that is operable independently from, or in conjunction with the main processor  121 . For example, when the electronic device  101  includes the main processor  121  and the auxiliary processor  123 , the auxiliary processor  123  may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor  121  or to be specific to a specified function. The auxiliary processor  123  may be implemented separately from the main processor  121  or as a part of the main processor  121 . 
     The auxiliary processor  123  may control at least some of functions or states related to at least one (e.g., the display module  160 , the sensor module  176 , or the communication module  190 ) of the components of the electronic device  101 , instead of the main processor  121  while the main processor  121  is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state or along with the main processor  121  while the main processor  121  is an active state (e.g., executing an application). According to an example embodiment, the auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., an ISP or a CP) may be implemented as a portion of another component (e.g., the camera module  180  or the communication module  190 ) that is functionally related to the auxiliary processor  123 . According to an example embodiment, the auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., an NPU) may include a hardware structure specified for artificial intelligence model processing. An artificial intelligence model may be generated by machine learning. Such learning may be performed by, for example, the electronic device  101  in which an artificial intelligence model is executed, or performed via a separate server (e.g., the server  108 ). Learning algorithms may include, but are not limited to, for example, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning. The artificial intelligence model may include a plurality of artificial neural network layers. An artificial neural network may include, for example, a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), and a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), a deep Q-network, or a combination of two or more thereof, but is not limited thereto. The artificial intelligence model may additionally or alternatively, include a software structure other than the hardware structure. 
     The memory  130  may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., the processor  120  or the sensor module  176 ) of the electronic device  101 . The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program  140 ) and input data or output data for a command related thereto. The memory  130  may include the volatile memory  132  or the non-volatile memory  134 . The non-volatile memory  134  may include an internal memory  136  and an external memory  138 . 
     The program  140  may be stored as software in the memory  130 , and may include, for example, an operating system (OS)  142 , middleware  144 , or an application  146 . 
     The input module  150  may receive a command or data to be used by another component (e.g., the processor  120 ) of the electronic device  101 , from the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device  101 . The input module  150  may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen). 
     The sound output module  155  may output a sound signal to the outside of the electronic device  101 . The sound output module  155  may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or playing record. The receiver may be used to receive an incoming call. According to an example embodiment, the receiver may be implemented separately from the speaker or as a part of the speaker. 
     The display module  160  may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device  101 . The display module  160  may include, for example, a control circuit for controlling a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry to control a corresponding one of the display, the hologram device, and the projector. According to an example embodiment, the display module  160  may include a touch sensor adapted to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor adapted to measure the intensity of force incurred by the touch. 
     The audio module  170  may convert a sound into an electrical signal or vice versa. According to an example embodiment, the audio module  170  may obtain the sound via the input module  150  or output the sound via the sound output module  155  or an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102  such as a speaker or a headphone) directly or wirelessly connected to the electronic device  101 . 
     The sensor module  176  may detect an operational state (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device  101  or an environmental state (e.g., a state of a user) external to the electronic device  101 , and generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. According to an example embodiment, the sensor module  176  may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor. 
     The interface  177  may support one or more specified protocols to be used for the electronic device  101  to be coupled with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 ) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly. According to an example embodiment, the interface  177  may include, for example, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface. 
     The connecting terminal  178  may include a connector via which the electronic device  101  may be physically connected to an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 ). According to an example embodiment, the connecting terminal  178  may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector). 
     The haptic module  179  may convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., a vibration or a movement) or an electrical stimulus which may be recognized by a user via his or her tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation. According to an example embodiment, the haptic module  179  may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electric stimulator. 
     The camera module  180  may capture a still image and moving images. According to an example embodiment, the camera module  180  may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes. 
     The power management module  188  may manage power supplied to the electronic device  101 . According to an example embodiment, the power management module  188  may be implemented as, for example, at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). 
     The battery  189  may supply power to at least one component of the electronic device  101 . According to an example embodiment, the battery  189  may include, for example, a primary cell which is not rechargeable, a secondary cell which is rechargeable, or a fuel cell. 
     The communication module  190  may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device  101  and the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 , the electronic device  104 , or the server  108 ) and performing communication via the established communication channel. The communication module  190  may include one or more communication processors that are operable independently of the processor  120  (e.g., an AP) and that support a direct (e.g., wired) communication or a wireless communication. According to an example embodiment, the communication module  190  may include a wireless communication module  192  (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module  194  (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module, or a power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device  104  via the first network  198  (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as Bluetooth™, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or the second network  199  (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or a wide area network (WAN)). These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single chip), or may be implemented as multi components (e.g., multi chips) separate from each other. The wireless communication module  192  may identify and authenticate the electronic device  101  in a communication network, such as the first network  198  or the second network  199 , using subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the SIM  196 . 
     The wireless communication module  192  may support a 5G network after a 4G network, and next-generation communication technology, e.g., new radio (NR) access technology. The NR access technology may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), or ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). The wireless communication module  192  may support a high-frequency band (e.g., a mmWave band) to achieve, e.g., a high data transmission rate. The wireless communication module  192  may support various technologies for securing performance on a high-frequency band, such as, e.g., beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), an array antenna, analog beam-forming, or a large scale antenna. The wireless communication module  192  may support various requirements specified in the electronic device  101 , an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  104 ), or a network system (e.g., the second network  199 ). According to an example embodiment, the wireless communication module  192  may support a peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for implementing eMBB, loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for implementing mMTC, or U-plane latency (e.g., 0.5 ms or less for each of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or a round trip of 1 ms or less) for implementing URLLC. 
     The antenna module  197  may transmit or receive a signal or power to or from the outside (e.g., the external electronic device) of the electronic device  101 . According to an example embodiment, the antenna module  197  may include an antenna including a radiating element including a conductive material or a conductive pattern formed in or on a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB)). According to an example embodiment, the antenna module  197  may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas). In such a case, at least one antenna appropriate for a communication scheme used in a communication network, such as the first network  198  or the second network  199 , may be selected by, for example, the communication module  190  from the plurality of antennas. The signal or the power may be transmitted or received between the communication module  190  and the external electronic device via the at least one selected antenna. According to an example embodiment, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) other than the radiating element may be additionally formed as a part of the antenna module  197 . 
     According to various example embodiments, the antenna module  197  may form a mmWave antenna module. According to an example embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, a RFIC disposed on a first surface (e.g., the bottom surface) of the printed circuit board, or adjacent to the first surface and capable of supporting a designated high-frequency band (e.g., the mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas) disposed on a second surface (e.g., the top or a side surface) of the printed circuit board, or adjacent to the second surface and capable of transmitting or receiving signals of the designated high-frequency band. 
     At least some of the above-described components may be coupled mutually and communicate signals (e.g., commands or data) therebetween via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., a bus, general purpose input and output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), or mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)). 
     According to an example embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device  101  and the external electronic device  104  via the server  108  coupled with the second network  199 . Each of the external electronic devices  102  or  104  may be a device of the same type as or a different type from the electronic device  101 . According to an example embodiment, all or some of operations to be executed by the electronic device  101  may be executed at one or more of the external electronic devices  102  and  104 , and the server  108 . For example, if the electronic device  101  needs to perform a function or a service automatically, or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device  101 , instead of, or in addition to, executing the function or the service, may request one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or the service. The one or more external electronic devices receiving the request may perform the at least part of the function or the service requested, or an additional function or an additional service related to the request, and may transfer an outcome of the performing to the electronic device  101 . The electronic device  101  may provide the outcome, with or without further processing of the outcome, as at least part of a reply to the request. To that end, a cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. The electronic device  101  may provide ultra low-latency services using, e.g., distributed computing or mobile edge computing. In another example embodiment, the external electronic device  104  may include an Internet-of-things (IoT) device. The server  108  may be an intelligent server using machine learning and/or a neural network. According to an example embodiment, the external electronic device  104  or the server  108  may be included in the second network  199 . The electronic device  101  may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology or IoT-related technology. 
     The electronic device according to various example embodiments may be one of various types of electronic devices. The electronic device may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smartphone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance device. According to an example embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic device is not limited to those described above. 
     It should be understood that various example embodiments of the present disclosure and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technological features set forth herein to particular embodiments and include various changes, equivalents, or replacements for a corresponding embodiment. In connection with the description of the drawings, like reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. It is to be understood that a singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, “A or B”, “at least one of A and B”, “at least one of A or B”, “A, B or C”, “at least one of A, B and C”, and “A, B, or C,” each of which may include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding one of the phrases, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as “first”, “second”, or “first” or “second” may simply be used to distinguish the component from other components in question, and may refer to components in other aspects (e.g., importance or order) is not limited. It is to be understood that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it means that the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wiredly), wirelessly, or via a third element. 
     As used in connection with various example embodiments of the disclosure, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” or “circuitry”. A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to an example embodiment, the module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). 
     Various example embodiments as set forth herein may be implemented as software (e.g., the program  140 ) including one or more instructions that are stored in a storage medium (e.g., the internal memory  136  or the external memory  138 ) that is readable by a machine (e.g., the electronic device  101 ) For example, a processor (e.g., the processor  120 ) of the machine (e.g., the electronic device  101 ) may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium, and execute it. This allows the machine to be operated to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction invoked. The one or more instructions may include a code generated by a compiler or a code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Here, the term “non-transitory” simply means that the storage medium is a tangible device, and does not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), but this term does not differentiate between where data is semi-permanently stored in the storage medium and where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium. 
     According to an example embodiment, a method according to various example embodiments of the disclosure may be included and provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) online via an application store (e.g., PlayStore™), or between two user devices (e.g., smartphones) directly. If distributed online, at least part of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium, such as memory of the manufacturer&#39;s server, a server of the application store, or a relay server. 
     According to various example embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include a single entity or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separately disposed in different components. According to various example embodiments, one or more of the above-described components or operations may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, according to various example embodiments, the integrated component may still perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components in the same or similar manner as they are performed by a corresponding one of the plurality of components before the integration. According to various example embodiments, operations performed by the module, the program, or another component may be carried out sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added. 
       FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating a method of estimating an angle of arrival (AoA), according to one embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , an electronic device  201  (e.g., the electronic device  101  of  FIG.  1   ) may include a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  (e.g., the antenna module  197  of  FIG.  1   ). The electronic device  201  may perform UWB communication with a target device  302  (e.g., the electronic device  102  or the electronic device  104  of  FIG.  1   ) by using the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . The electronic device  201  may accurately measure the position of the target device  302  by obtaining the distance and the direction to the target device  302  with respect to the position of the electronic device  201  by using UWB signals received from the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . The description of  FIG.  2    is provided based on that there UWB antennas. However, the instant disclosure is not limited thereto, and any number of UWB antennas may be implemented. 
     The electronic device  201  may identify (e.g., obtain) the distance between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302  based on time of flight (ToF). The electronic device  201  may transmit a signal (e.g., UWB signal) to the target device  302 , and the target device  302  may transmit another UWB signal to the electronic device  201 , in response to the signal transmitted by the electronic device  201 . The UWB signal transmitted by the target device  302  may include response time information (e.g., transmission time information of the UWB signal) indicating the amount of time taken by the target device  302  to respond to the signal transmitted by the electronic device  201 . The electronic device  201  may calculate the distance between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302  by using transmission time information indicating when the target device  302  transmits the signal, reception time information of the UWB signal transmitted by the target device  302 , and the response time information included in the UWB signal. The electronic device  201  may perform a two way ranging (TWR) method and/or a time difference of arrival (tDoA) method to identify the distance between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302 . 
     The electronic device  201  may identify the direction of the target device  302  (e.g., the relative direction between the target device  302  and the electronic device  201 ) by identifying the direction of the UWB signal approaching the electronic device  201  from the target device  302  by measuring the AoA of the UWB signal transmitted by the target device  302 . The AoA of the UWB signal may be measured (e.g., calculated or estimated) based on signals received by two or more UWB antennas (e.g., the UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 ), the distance(s) between the UWB antennas (e.g., the UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 ), and the phase differences between the UWB signals received from two or more UWB antennas. The distance between two UWB antennas may be set based on the UWB signals the electronic device  201  is designed to receive from the target device  302 . 
     The electronic device  201  may measure the AoA of the UWB signal transmitted by the target device  302  by using the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . Each of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  may be arranged at a predetermined position in the electronic device  201 . The second UWB antenna  297 - 2  and the third UWB antenna  297 - 3  may be arranged at predetermined positions in the electronic device  201  with respect to the first UWB antenna  297 - 1 . The electronic device  201  may measure the AoA of the UWB signal by using a first UWB antenna set (e.g., the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  and the second UWB antenna  297 - 2 ) and/or a second UWB antenna set (e.g., the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  and the third UWB antenna  297 - 3 ). In one embodiment, the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  may be common in both antenna sets, but the instant disclosure is not limited thereto. The antenna set may be configured by any combinations of two of the three UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . To measure the AoA, two UWB antennas of the three UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  may be used depending on the front-end configuration of the electronic device  201 . The AoA of the UWB signal may be measured by using the UWB signal(s) received from one or more UWB antenna sets. 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to one embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the electronic device  201  may include a processor  220  (e.g., the processor  120  of  FIG.  1   ), a memory  230  (e.g., the memory  130  of  FIG.  1   ), a wireless communication module  292  (e.g., the wireless communication module  192  of  FIG.  1   ), and the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . The memory  230  may store one or more instructions to perform operations of the processor  220  and/or the wireless communication module  292 . The processor  220  may include a microprocessor or any suitable type of processing circuitry, such as one or more general-purpose processors (e.g., ARM-based processors), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), a video card controller, etc. In addition, it would be recognized that when a general purpose computer accesses code for implementing the processing shown herein, the execution of the code transforms the general purpose computer into a special purpose computer for executing the processing shown herein. Certain of the functions and steps provided in the Figures may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both and may be performed in whole or in part within the programmed instructions of a computer. No claim element herein is to be construed as means-plus-function, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” In addition, an artisan understands and appreciates that a “processor” or “microprocessor” may be hardware in the claimed disclosure. 
     The wireless communication module  292  (e.g., UWB communication module) may perform UWB communication by using the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  according to UWB communication protocol. The wireless communication module  292  may measure the position of a target device (e.g., the target device  302  of  FIG.  3   ) with respect to the position of the electronic device  201  by using UWB signal(s) received from a first UWB antenna set (e.g., the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  and the second UWB antenna  297 - 2 ) and/or a second antenna set (e.g., the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  and the third UWB antenna  297 - 3 ). This may be done by controlling the first switch  271  and the second switch  273  in this embodiment. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may include a plurality of ports, such as a transmission port TX, a reception port RX 1 , and a reception port RX 2 . The transmission port TX and the reception port RX 1  may be electrically connected to the first switch  271  (e.g., a double pole double throw (DPDT) switch) connected to the first UWB antenna  297 - 1 . A transmission path may be between the transmission port TX and the first switch  271  and a reception path may be between the reception port RX 1  and the first switch  271 . The reception port RX 2  may be electrically connected to the second switch  273  (e.g., a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch) connected to the second UWB antenna  297 - 2  and the third UWB antenna  297 - 3 . A reception path may be between the reception port RX 2  and the second switch  273 . The paths between the wireless communication module  282  and the switches  271  and  273  and/or the paths between the switches  271  and  273  and the UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  may include various RF elements that are not shown (e.g., filter, amplifier, phase shifter, etc.). 
     The wireless communication module  292  may be electrically connected to the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  through the first switch  271 . The first switch  271  may connect the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  to the transmission path or the reception path of the wireless communication module  292  based on control by the wireless communication module  292 . The wireless communication module  292  may be electrically connected to the second UWB antenna  297 - 2  or the third UWB antenna  297 - 3  through the second switch  273 . The second switch  273  may connect the second UWB antenna  297 - 2  or the third UWB antenna  297 - 3  to the reception path of the wireless communication module  292 , based on control by the wireless communication module  292 . 
     The wireless communication module  292  may determine the position of the target device  302  by receiving a UWB signal transmitted by the target device  302  by using a first UWB antenna set (e.g., the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  and the second UWB antenna  297 - 2 ) and/or a second UWB antenna set (e.g., the first UWB antenna  297 - 1  and the third UWB antenna  297 - 3 ) by controlling the switches  271  and  273 . The electronic device  201  may determine the position of the target device  302  by using the UWB signal(s) received from one or more of the UWB antenna sets. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may perform a method of estimating a channel impulse response (CIR) for determining the confidence of the AoA of the UWB signal received from the target device  302 . When estimating the CIR, the wireless communication module  292  may use pieces of phase information respectively corresponding to a plurality of CIR indices on the CIR and may determine information (e.g., the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal and/or a communication environment of the UWB signal) on the UWB signal, based on the pieces of phase information. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is high, intermediate, or low by performing the CIR estimation method. The wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the communication environment of the UWB signal is a line-of-sight (LoS) environment or a non-Los (NLoS) environment by performing the CIR estimation method. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may output, to the processor  220 , at least one of distance information between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302  and direction information (e.g., the AoA information of the UWB signal) of the target device  302 , based on above-mentioned analyses of the UWB signal. For example, when the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is high, the wireless communication module  292  may output, to the processor  220 , accurate direction information of the target device  302  with the distance information between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302 . When the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is intermediate, the wireless communication module  292  may output, to the processor  220 , rough direction information (e.g., right direction, left direction, or the like) of the target device  302  with the distance information between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302 . When the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is low, the wireless communication module  292  may output, to the processor  220 , only the distance information between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302 . For a service executed by the processor  220  (e.g., service utilizing UWB communication, such as the finding service to find the target device, the service employing tags, or the service employing trackers), the processor  220  may provide, to the user, at least one of the distance information between the electronic device  201  and the target device  302  and the direction information (e.g., the AoA information of the UWB signal) of the target device  302  as a voice signal (e.g., voice notification) and/or a visual signal (e.g., user interface (UI)). Outputting the direction information of the target device  302  for the service executed by the processor  220  may be determined based on the information (e.g., the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal and/or the communication environment of the UWB signal) regarding the UWB signal. 
       FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating a method of estimating a CIR according to one embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the wireless communication module  292  may perform the CIR estimation method using pieces of phase information corresponding to a plurality of CIR indices, respectively, on a CIR. In  FIG.  4   , the x-axis may represent a CIR index, the right y-axis may represent magnitude, and the left y-axis may represent phase information (e.g., phase value). Lines  413  and  415  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received through one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . Lines  423  and  425  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received through another one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . 
     The wireless communication module  292  may obtain first pieces of phase information corresponding to first CIR indices, respectively, and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices, respectively, based on the UWB signals received from the target device  302 . For example, the first pieces of phase information may be phase information corresponding to the first CIR indices on the first CIR (e.g., the line  413  and/or the line  415 ) of the UWB signals received through one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . The second pieces of phase information may be phase information corresponding to the second plurality of CIR indices on the second CIR (e.g., the line  423  and/or the line  425 ) of the UWB signals received from another one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . Alternatively, the first pieces of phase information and the second pieces of phase information may be phase information corresponding to the first CIR indices and the second plurality of CIR indices on the CIR of the UWB signals received from the same one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . The first pieces of CIR indices may be the same as or different from the second pieces of CIR indices. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may determine the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal by using the first pieces of phase information corresponding to the first CIR indices and the second pieces of phase information corresponding to the second CIR indices. These pieces of phase information may be used to determine additional information on the UWB signal, as described below. The wireless communication module  292  may identify and remove inaccurate AoA based on the information on the UWB signal. When only the phase information (e.g., phase value) corresponding to one CIR index of a point corresponding to a first path in the CIR is used to measure (e.g., calculate) the AoA of the UWB signal received from the target device  302 , the AoA of the UWB signal may be inaccurately calculated as the probability of using wrong phase information increases when the UWB signal received by the electronic device  201  is unstable (e.g., unstable magnitude information or unstable phase information). The wireless communication module  292  may determine the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal received from the target device  302  by performing the CIR estimation method by using the pieces of phase information corresponding to the plurality of CIR indices on the CIR. The plurality of CIR indices may include consecutive CIR indices based on the CIR index of the first path on the CIR. The wireless communication module  292  may obtain accurate AoA of the UWB signal received from the target device  302  and may use the obtained AoA to detect the direction with respect to the target device  302 . The user may be provided with accurate direction information for a service using UWB communication by the electronic device  201  (e.g., service utilizing UWB communication, such as the finding service to find the target device, the service employing tags, or the service employing trackers) and may improve user experience. 
       FIG.  5    is a diagram illustrating a method of determining information on an ultra-wideband (UWB) signal, according to one embodiment. 
       FIG.  5    may illustrate the method where the wireless communication module  292  determines information on a UWB signal by using the pattern of a slope between first pieces of phase information and the pattern of a slope between second pieces of phase information. In  FIG.  5   , the x-axis may represent CIR index and the y-axis may represent phase information (e.g., phase value). 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the wireless communication module  292  may extract points a, b, and con the first CIR (e.g., the line  413  and/or the line  415  of  FIG.  4   ) of a UWB signal. The point b may be a point corresponding to a first path on the first CIR and the point a and the point c may be points located before and after the point b. The wireless communication module  292  may obtain phase information corresponding to the first CIR indices on the first CIR. The first CIR indices may include a first CIR index (e.g., the x-axis value of the point b) on the first CIR, a previous CIR index (e.g., the x-axis value of the point a) of the first CIR index, and a subsequent CIR index after the first CIR index (e.g., the x-axis value of the point c). For example, the first CIR index may be a CIR index corresponding to the first path on the first CIR. The phase information corresponding to the first CIR index on the first CIR (e.g., the y-axis value of the point b), the phase information corresponding to the previous CIR index of the first CIR index (e.g., the y-axis value of the point a), and the phase information corresponding to the subsequent CIR index after the first CIR index (e.g., the y-axis value of the point c) may then be determined after points a, b, and c are determined. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may extract points o, p, and q on the second CIR (e.g., the solid line  423  and/or the line  425  of  FIG.  4   ) of the UWB signal. The point p may be a point corresponding to the first path of the second CIR, the point o and the point q may be points located before and after the point p. The wireless communication module  292  may obtain phase information corresponding to the second CIR indices on the second CIR. The second CIR indices may include a second CIR index (e.g., the x-axis value of the point p) on the second CIR, a previous CIR index (e.g., the x-axis value of the point o) of the second CIR index, and a subsequent CIR index after the second CIR index (e.g., the x-axis value of the point q). For example, the second CIR index may be a CIR index corresponding to the first path on the second CIR. The phase information corresponding to the second CIR index on the second CIR (e.g., the y-axis value of the point p), the phase information corresponding to the previous CIR index of the second CIR index (e.g., the y-axis value of the point o), and the phase information corresponding to the subsequent CIR index after the second CIR index (e.g., the y-axis value of the point q) may then be determined after points o, p, and q are determined. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may obtain first slope values by using the first pieces of phase information and may obtain second slope values by using the second pieces of phase information. The wireless communication module  292  may calculate (e.g., m   ab   ) represented by a line segment connecting the phase information of point a to the phase information of point b and may calculate a slope value (e.g., m   bc   ) represented by a line segment connecting the phase information of point b to the phase information of point c. In addition, the wireless communication module  292  may calculate a slope value (e.g., m   op   ) represented by a line segment connecting the phase information of point o to the phase information of point p and may calculate a slope value (e.g., m   pq   ) represented by a line segment connecting the phase information of point p to the phase information of point q. 
     The wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the slope value falls within a range corresponding to a condition (e.g., shift condition) by using the slope values (e.g., the calculated four slope values) and accordingly, may determine information on the UWB signal. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may determine whether a first difference between first slope values (e.g., m   ab    and m   bc   ) satisfies a first condition, may determine whether a second difference between second slope values (e.g., m   op    and m   pq   ) satisfies a second condition, and may determine the information on the UWB signal based on the result of such determinations. These determinations may indicate that the phase information may not significantly change during a short period (e.g., several ns) when the electronic device  201  receives a signal (e.g., the UWB signal). 
     The wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the first condition is satisfied by using Equation 1 and may determine whether the second condition is satisfied by using Equation 2. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
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     Here, a x  and a y  may respectively represent the CIR index and phase information (e.g., phase value) of the point a, b x  and b y  respectively may represent the CIR index and phase information (e.g., phase value) of the point b, and c x  and c y  may respectively represent the CIR index and phase information (e.g., phase value) of the point c. o x  and o y  may respectively represent the CIR index and phase information (e.g., phase value) of the point o, p x  and p y  may respectively represent the CIR index and phase information (e.g., phase value) of the point p, and q x  and q y  may respectively represent the CIR index and phase information (e.g., phase value) of the point q. The threshold may be set to be a predetermined value. 
     The information on the UWB signal may be determined by wireless communication module  292  based on various results of the equations above. For example, the results may be categorized into various cases, where a first case satisfies both the first condition and the second condition, a second case satisfies the first condition but not the second condition, a third case satisfies the second condition but not the first condition, and a fourth case satisfies neither the first condition nor the second condition. For determining the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the confidence level is high in the first case, the confidence level is intermediate in the second and third cases, and the confidence level is low in the fourth case. In addition, the wireless communication module  292  may determine (e.g., estimate) the communication environment (e.g., LoS and NLoS) of the UWB signal. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that in the first case, the communication environment of the UWB signal is an LoS environment and in the fourth case, the communication environment of the UWB signal is an NLoS environment. In the second and third cases, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the communication environment of the UWB signal is either an LoS environment or an NLoS environment, or may fail to determine the precise environment. 
       FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of determining information on a UWB signal, according to one embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , examples of patterns of slopes between the first pieces of phase information and the pattern of slopes between the second pieces of phase information embodying all four cases mentioned above are shown in  FIG.  6   . In  FIG.  6   , a slope pattern  610  may represent that the confidence level for AoA is high, slope patterns  620  to  625  may represent that the confidence level for the AoA is intermediate, and slope patterns  630  and  631  may represent that the confidence level for the AoA is low. The wireless communication module  292  may determine the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal by using the pattern of a slope between the first pieces of phase information and the pattern of a slope between the second pieces of phase information. Similarly, the wireless communication module  292  may determine (e.g., estimate) the communication environment (e.g., LoS and NLoS) of the UWB signal. 
       FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating an example of the method of determining information on a UWB signal, according to one embodiment. 
     In  FIG.  7   , the x-axis may represent the CIR index, the right y-axis may represent magnitude, and the left y-axis may represent phase information (e.g., phase value). A graph  701  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received in a first environment. In the graph  701 , lines  713  and  715  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received through one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  and lines  723  and  725  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received through another one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . A graph  702  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received in a second environment. In the graph  702 , lines  733  and  735  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received through one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  and lines  743  and  745  may represent the CIR magnitude and the CIR phase of UWB signals received through another one of the plurality of UWB antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3 . 
     In the graph  701 , the wireless communication module  292  may extract the first pieces of phase information corresponding to the first CIR indices and the second pieces of phase information corresponding to the second CIR indices from the graph  701  and may determine the information on the UWB signal by using a slope pattern between the first pieces of phase information and a slope pattern between the second pieces of phase information. In this case, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is high and the communication environment of the UWB signal is the LoS environment. 
     In the graph  702 , the wireless communication module  292  may extract the first pieces of phase information corresponding to the first CIR indices and the second pieces of phase information corresponding to the second CIR indices from the graph  702  and may determine the information on the UWB signal by using a pattern of a slope between the first pieces of phase information and a pattern of a slope between the second pieces of phase information. In this case, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is low and the communication environment of the UWB signal is the NLoS environment. 
       FIG.  8    is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operating method of an electronic device according to one embodiment. 
     Operations  810  and  820  may be sequentially performed, but the instant disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, operations  810  and  820  may be performed in parallel. 
     In operation  810 , the wireless communication module  292  may obtain first pieces of phase information corresponding to first CIR indices and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices, based on UWB signal(s) received from the target device  302 . 
     In operation  820 , the wireless communication module  292  may determine information on the UWB signal based on the slope between the first pieces of phase information and the slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
       FIG.  9    is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operating method of an electronic device according to one embodiment. 
     In  FIG.  9   , operations  910  to  990  may be an example illustrating a method, performed by the electronic device  201 , of determining the confidence level for an AoA of a UWB signal. Operations  910  to  990  may be sequentially performed, but the instant disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the operations  910  and  990  may be performed in different orders, and at least two operations may be performed in parallel. 
     In operation  910 , the wireless communication module  292  may operate in a UWB operation mode. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may operate in the UWB operation mode when a service executed by the processor  220  is a UWB communication service (e.g., service utilizing UWB communication, such as the finding service to find the target device, the service employing tags, or the service employing trackers). 
     In operation  920 , the wireless communication module  292  may identify whether an UWB termination event is present. The wireless communication module  292  may identify whether the service executed by the processor and using UWB communication is terminated. When the wireless communication module  292  identifies the UWB termination event, the wireless communication module  292  may terminate the UWB operation mode. When the UWB termination event is not identified, the wireless communication module  292  may perform operations  930  to  990 . 
     In operation  930 , the wireless communication module  292  may perform a CIR estimation method by using pieces of phase information corresponding to a plurality of CIR indices, embodiments of which are described above. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may obtain first pieces of phase information corresponding to first CIR indices and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices based on UWB signals received from a target device. The wireless communication module  292  may obtain first slope values by using the first pieces of phase information and may obtain second slope values by using the second pieces of phase information. 
     In operation  940 , the wireless communication module  292  may determine whether a first difference between first slope values satisfies a first condition. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the first condition is satisfied by using Equation 1. 
     In operations  950  and  960 , the wireless communication module  292  may determine whether a second difference between second slope values satisfies a second condition. For example, the wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the second condition is satisfied by using Equation 2. The wireless communication module  292  may determine whether the second condition is satisfied regardless of whether the first condition is satisfied. 
     In operation  970 , in the fourth case where both the first condition and the second condition are not satisfied, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is low. 
     In operation  980 , in the second case satisfying the first condition but not satisfying the second condition and in the third case not satisfying the first condition but satisfying the second condition, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is intermediate. 
     In operation  990 , in the first case satisfying both the first condition and the second condition, the wireless communication module  292  may determine that the confidence level for the AoA of the UWB signal is high. 
     According to an embodiment, an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  201  of  FIG.  2   ) may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., the plurality of antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  of  FIG.  2   ), at least one wireless communication module (e.g., the wireless communication module  292  of  FIG.  3   ) configured to transmit and receive wireless signals through the plurality of antennas, and at least one processor (e.g., the processor  220  of  FIG.  3   ) operatively connected to the wireless communication module, wherein the at least one wireless communication module or the at least one processor may be configured to, based on one or more UWB signals received from a target device (e.g., the target device  302  of  FIG.  2   ), obtain (e.g., operation  810  of  FIG.  8   ) first pieces of phase information corresponding to first CIR indices and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices, and determine (e.g., operation  820  of  FIG.  8   ) information on the one or more UWB signals based on a slope between the first pieces of phase information and a slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
     The information on the one or more UWB signals may include at least one of a confidence level for an angle of arrival of the one or more UWB signals and a communication environment of the one or more UWB signals. 
     The wireless communication module or the at least one processor may be further configured to determine the information on the one or more UWB signals based on a pattern of the slope between the first pieces of phase information and a pattern of the slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
     The first pieces of phase information may be obtained on a first CIR of a first UWB signal received through one of the plurality of antennas, and the second pieces of phase information may be obtained on a second CIR of a first UWB signal received through another one of the plurality of antennas. 
     The first CIR indices may include a first CIR index on the first CIR, a previous CIR index of the first CIR index, and a subsequent CIR index after the first CIR index, and the second CIR indices may include a second CIR index on the second CIR, a previous CIR index of the second CIR index, and a subsequent CIR index after the second CIR index. 
     The first CIR index may correspond to a first path in the first CIR, and the second CIR index may correspond to a first path in the second CIR. 
     The wireless communication module or the at least one processor may be further configured to obtain first slope values of the first pieces of phase information, and obtain second slope values of the second pieces of phase information. 
     The wireless communication module or the at least one processor may be further configured to determine whether a first difference between the first slope values satisfies a first condition, determine whether a second difference between the second slope values satisfies a second condition, and determine the information on the one or more UWB signals based on whether the first difference between the first slope values satisfies the first condition and whether the second difference between the second slope values satisfies the second condition. 
     The wireless communication module or the at least one processor may be further configured to determine whether a communication environment of the one or more UWB signals is a line-of-sight (LoS) environment or a non-LoS (NLoS) environment based on whether the first difference between the first slope values satisfies the first condition and whether the second difference between the second slope values satisfies the second condition. 
     An output of direction information of the target device for a service executed by the at least one processor may be determined based on the information on the one or more UWB signals. 
     According to an embodiment, an operating method of an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  201  of  FIG.  2   ) may include, based on one or more UWB signals received from a target device (e.g., the target device  302  of  FIG.  2   ), obtaining (e.g., operation  810  of  FIG.  8   ) first pieces of phase information corresponding to first CIR indices and second pieces of phase information corresponding to second CIR indices, and determining (e.g., operation  820  of  FIG.  8   ) information on the one or more UWB signals based on a slope between the first pieces of phase information and a slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
     The information on the one or more UWB signals may include at least one of a confidence level for an AoA of the one or more UWB signals and a communication environment of the one or more UWB signals. 
     The determining may include determining the information on the one or more UWB signals based on a pattern of the slope between the first pieces of phase information and a pattern of the slope between the second pieces of phase information. 
     The first pieces of phase information may be obtained on a first CIR of a first UWB signal received through one of a plurality of antennas (e.g., the plurality of antennas  297 - 1  to  297 - 3  of  FIG.  2   ) included in the electronic device, and the second pieces of phase information may be obtained on a second CIR of a second UWB signal received through another one of the plurality of antennas. 
     The first CIR indices may include a first CIR index on the first CIR, a previous CIR index of the first CIR index, and a subsequent CIR index after the first CIR index, and the second CIR indices may include a second CIR index on the second CIR, a previous CIR index of the second CIR index, and a subsequent CIR index after the second CIR index. 
     The first CIR index may correspond to a first path in the first CIR, and the second CIR index may correspond to a first path in the second CIR. 
     The determining may include obtaining first slope values of the first pieces of phase information, and obtaining second slope values of the second pieces of phase information. 
     The determining may further include determining whether a first difference between the first slope values satisfies a first condition, determining whether a second difference between the second slope values satisfies a second condition, and determining the information on the one or more UWB signals based on whether the first difference between the first slope values satisfies the first condition and whether the second difference between the second slope values satisfies the second condition. 
     The determining may further include determining whether a communication environment of the one or more UWB signals is a line-of-sight (LoS) environment or a non-LoS (NLoS) environment based on whether the first difference between the first slope values satisfies the first condition and whether the second difference between the second slope values satisfies the second condition. 
     An output of direction information of the target device for a service executed by the electronic device may be determined based on the information on the one or more UWB signals. 
     Certain of the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in hardware, firmware or via the execution of software or computer code that can be stored in a recording medium such as a CD ROM, a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a magnetic tape, a RAM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magneto-optical disk or computer code downloaded over a network originally stored on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine readable medium and to be stored on a local recording medium, so that the methods described herein can be rendered via such software that is stored on the recording medium using a general purpose computer, or a special processor or in programmable or dedicated hardware, such as an ASIC or FPGA. As would be understood in the art, the computer, the processor, microprocessor controller or the programmable hardware include memory components, e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash, etc. that may store or receive software or computer code that when accessed and executed by the computer, processor or hardware implement the processing methods described herein. 
     While the present disclosure has been shown and described with reference to various embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.