Patent Publication Number: US-10784937-B2

Title: Beamformer including signal detector for compensating weights, wireless transmitting and receiving device including beamformer, and operating method of wireless transmitting and receiving device including beamformer

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     A claim for priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 is made to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0000084 filed on Jan. 2, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to wireless devices and, more particularly, to a beamformer including a signal detector configured to internally adjust weights to align phases of signals, a wireless transmitting and receiving device including a beamformer, and an operating method of the wireless transmitting and receiving device including a beamformer. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A wireless transmitting and receiving device transmits and receives information using a radio-frequency (RF) signal. Some wireless transmitting and receiving devices may transmit or receive a signal using two or more antennas. 
     For example, a phased-array radar may search and track objects using antennas arranged in an array. A meteorological radar may collect various types of information in the air using antennas arranged in an array. 
     Not only radar but also communication devices for the purpose of information exchange may provide various functions such as improving communication quality or providing directivity using two or more antennas. 
     When two or more antennas are used, phases of signals communicating at the antennas may be changed. For example, when signals are transmitted through two or more antennas, phases of the signals may be changed due to differences in characteristics of paths through which the signal is transmitted from a transmitter to the two or more antennas. For the same reason, the phase of the signals transmitted from the antennas to the receiver may be changed. 
     SUMMARY 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a beamformer including a signal detector configured to internally adjust weights to align phases of signals, a wireless transmitting and receiving device including a beamformer, and an operating method of the wireless transmitting and receiving device including a beamformer. 
     An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a wireless transmitting and receiving device. The wireless transmitting and receiving device includes antennas, weight adjusters connected to antennas, respectively, and configured to apply weights to an amplitude and a phase of a signal communicating through the antennas, signal transmitting and detecting units connected to the weight adjusters, respectively, a transmitter and a receiver connected to a first switch, a power distributor configured to connect the first switch to the respective signal transmitting and detecting units through internal wirings, and a compensator configured to adjust the weights of the weight adjusters respectively according to output signals of the signal transmitting and detecting units. Each of the signal transmitting and detecting units is configured to connect a corresponding weight adjuster and a corresponding wiring of the power distributor to each other in a first mode and to output a ratio of a first signal, transmitted from the corresponding weight adjuster, and a second signal, transmitted from the corresponding wiring of the power distributor, as one of the output signals in a second mode. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may be configured to control each of the signal transmitting and detecting units in one of the first and second modes. 
     In example embodiments, each of the signal transmitting and detecting units may include a second switch connected to the corresponding weight adjuster, a third switch connected to the corresponding wiring of the power distributor, and a phase and gain detector configured to output a ratio of an amplitude and/or a phase difference of a signal, transmitted from the second switch, and a signal, transmitted from the third switch, as the one of the output signals. In the first mode, the second switch may connect the corresponding weight adjuster to the third switch and the third switch connects the corresponding wiring of the power distributor to the second switch. In the second mode, the second switch may connect the corresponding weight adjuster to the phase and gain detector and the third switch connects the corresponding wiring of the power distributor to the phase and gain detector. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may be configured to detect signals, transmitted from reference antennas to neighboring antennas among the antennas, to adjust weights associated with the reference antenna. 
     In example embodiments, the antennas may be arranged in a matrix of rows and columns, the reference antennas may be disposed closest in a same row or a same column, and the neighboring antennas may be disposed closest to the reference antennas in adjacent row of the same row or an adjacent column of the same column. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may control a first phase and gain detector, associated with a first reference antenna among the antennas, in the first mode and may control a second phase and gain detector, associated with a first neighboring antenna adjacent to the first reference antenna, and a third phase and gain detector, associated with a second neighboring antenna adjacent to the first reference antenna, in the second mode. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may deactivate phase and gain detectors corresponding to remaining antennas except for the first reference antenna, the first neighboring antenna, and the second neighboring antenna among the antennas. 
     In example embodiments, when the transmitter transmits a third signal through the first switch, the compensator may obtain a first output signal from the second phase and gain detector and a second output signal from the third phase and gain detector. 
     In example embodiments, after obtaining the first output signal and the second output signal, the compensator may control a fourth phase and gain detector, associated with a second reference antenna among the antennas, in the first mode and may control the second phase and gain detector and the third phase and gain detector in the second mode. 
     In example embodiments, when the transmitter transmits a fourth signal through the first switch, the compensator may obtain a third output signal from the second phase and gain detector and a fourth output signal from the third phase and gain detector. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may adjust a weight, associated with one of the first and second reference antennas, depending on a result value obtained by multiplying a ratio of the first output signal and the second output signal by a ratio of the third output signal and the fourth output signal. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may be configured to detect signals, transmitted through a target antenna, a reference antenna, and an intermediate antenna between the target antenna and the reference antenna, from among the antenna, and to adjust a weight associated with the target antenna. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may control a first phase and gain detector, associated with the target antenna, in the first mode and may control a second phase and gain detector, associated with the intermediate antenna, in the second mode. When the transmitter transmits a third signal through the first switch, the compensator may obtain a first output signal of the second phase and gain detector. 
     In example embodiments, after obtaining the first output signal, the compensator may control a third phase and gain detector, associated with the reference antenna, in the first mode and may control a second phase and gain detector, associated with the intermediate antenna, in the second mode. When the transmitter transmits a fourth signal through the first switch, the compensator may obtain a second output signal of the second phase and gain detector. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may adjust a weight, associated with the target antenna, based on a ratio of the first output signal and the second output signal. 
     In example embodiments, the compensator may control a first phase and gain detector, associated with the intermediate antenna, in the first mode and may control a second phase and gain detector, associated with the target antenna, and a third phase and gain detector, associated with the reference antenna, in the second mode. When the transmitter transmits a third signal through the first switch, the compensator may obtain a first output signal of the second phase and gain detector and a second output signal of the third phase and gain detector. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an operating method of a wireless transmitting and receiving device including weight adjusters and phase and gain detectors corresponding to the weight adjusters. The operating method includes detecting first phase differences and first gains of first signals, transmitted from reference antennas to neighboring antennas, from among antennas corresponding to the weight adjusters, in the phase and gain detectors, adjusting weights of weight adjusters, associated with the reference antennas, depending on the first phase differences and the first gains, detecting second phase differences and second gains of second signals transmitted through a reference antenna among the reference antenna, a target antenna, and an intermediate antenna between the single reference antenna and the target antenna, and adjusting a weight of a weight adjuster, associated with the target antenna, depending on the second phases and the second gains. 
     In example embodiments, the operating method may further include including the target antenna in the reference antennas after adjusting the weight of the target antenna, selecting a new target antenna among the antennas, and re-performing the detecting second phase differences and second gains and adjusting a weight on the new target antenna. 
     In example embodiments, the including the target antenna in the reference antennas, the selecting a new target antenna among the antennas, and the detecting second phases and second gains may be repeatedly performed until weights of the antennas are all adjusted. 
     In example embodiments, phases of signals communicating through the antenna may be aligned as the weights of the antennas are all adjusted. 
     An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a beamformer. The beamformer includes weight adjusters connected to antenna nodes and configured to apply weights to an amplitude and a phase of a signal communicating through the antenna nodes, the antenna node being configured to be connected to external antennas, signal transmitting and detecting units connected to the weight adjusters, respectively, and a power distributor connected to a radio-frequency (RF) node and configured to distribute a signal transmitted from the wireless signal node and to transmit the distributed signal to the respective signal transmitting and detecting units, the RF node being configured to be connected to a RF source. Each of the signal transmitting and detecting units is configured to connect a corresponding weight adjuster and the wireless signal node to each other in a first mode and to output a ratio of a first signal, transmitted from the corresponding weight adjuster, and a second signal, transmitted from the wireless signal node, as one of the output signals. 
     In example embodiments, the weight adjusters may be configured to adjust weights depending on control signals received from an external device, respectively. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure will become more apparent in view of the attached drawings and accompanying detailed description. The embodiments depicted therein are provided by way of example, not by way of limitation, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a wireless transmitting and receiving device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating a method of compensating phase differences of signals generated in antennas by a wireless transmitting and receiving device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates examples of signal transmitting and detecting units. 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an example in which a wireless transmitting and receiving device compensates for weights associated with reference antennas. 
         FIG. 5  is an example of transmitting a signal through a first reference antenna to detect a phase difference and a gain in a structure described with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an example of transmitting a signal through a second reference antenna to detect a phase difference and a gain in a structure described with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating an example in which a wireless transmitting and receiving device compensates for a weight in association with a reference antenna, an intermediate antenna, and a target antenna. 
         FIG. 8  is an example of transmitting a signal from a target antenna for compensation in association with fourth to sixth antennas. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an example of transmitting a signal from a reference antenna for compensation in association with fourth to sixth antennas. 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating another example in which a wireless transmitting and receiving device compensates for a weight in association with a reference antenna, an intermediate antenna, and a target antenna. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an example of transmitting a signal from an intermediate antenna for compensation in association with fourth to sixth antennas. 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a beamformer according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described below more fully with reference to accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be constructed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a wireless transmitting and receiving device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to  FIG. 1 , a wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  includes an antenna block  110 , a weight block  120 , a detection block  130 , a power distribution block  140 , a switch  150 , a transmitter  160 , a receiver  170 , a core block  180 , and a compensator  190 . 
     The antenna block  110  includes first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 . The first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  may be arranged in a matrix of rows and columns. In the same row, the antennas may be arranged at equal intervals. In the same column, the antennas may be arranged at equal intervals. 
     As an example, the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  may include various antennas such as a rod antenna, a roof antenna, a patch antenna, and the like, and are not limited to a specific antenna. 
     The weight block  120  includes first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129 . The first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129  are connected to the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , respectively. The first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129  may apply weights to signals transmitted to the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  or signals transmitted from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , respectively. 
     The weights applied by the first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129  may adjust amplitudes and/or phases of signals. The first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129  may receive the first to ninth control signals CS 1  to CS 9  from the compensator  190 , respectively. The first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129  may adjust the weights in response to the first to ninth control signals CS 1  to CS 9 , respectively. 
     The detection block  130  includes first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139 . The first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may be connected to the first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129 , respectively. The first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may receive the first to ninth mode signals EN 1  to EN 9  from the compensator  190 , respectively. 
     In response to the first to ninth mode signals EN 1  through EN 9 , each of the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may operate either in a first mode or in a second mode. In the first mode, each of the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may connect a corresponding weight adjuster, from among the first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129 , and the switch  150  to each other. 
     In the second mode, each of the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may detect a ratio (for example, an amplitude ratio) or a difference (for example, a phase difference) of a signal transmitted from the corresponding weight adjuster and the signal transmitted from the switch  150 . Each of the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may output detected results as a corresponding output signal among the first to ninth output signals S 1  to S 9 . 
     The power distribution block  140  may distribute signals, transmitted from the switch  150 , to the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139 . For example, the power distribution block  140  may distribute output signal of the switch  150  to nine signals having the same amplitude and the same phase. The power distribution block  140  may transmit the nine signals to the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  through wirings. 
     As an example, due to positions of the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  and distance differences between the positions of the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131 - 139  and the switch  150 , lengths of the wirings connecting the switch  150  and the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may be different from each other. The length differences of the wirings may cause differences in the amplitude and phase of signals. 
     The switch  150  is commonly connected to the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139 . The switch  150  may connect the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131 - 139  to the transmitter  160  or to the receiver  170 . For example, the switch  150  may perform switching under the control of the core block  180 . 
     The transmitter  160  may modulate a baseband signal or an intermediate band signal, transmitted from the core block  180 , using a carrier signal and transmit the modulated signal to the switch  150 . The receiver  170  may demodulate the signal, transmitted from the switch  150 , using the carrier signal to extract a baseband signal or an intermediate band signal. The receiver  170  may transmit the extracted signal to the core block  180 . 
     The core block  180  may generate information to be transmitted through the transmitter  160 . The core block  180  may obtain information from the signal received through the receiver  170 . The core block  180  may process the obtained information to perform various predetermined operations. The core block  180  may control the switch  150  to select the transmitter  160  when there is a desire to transmit information and to select the receiver  170  when there is a desire to receive information. 
     The compensator  190  may control a mode of the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100 . When the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  communicates with an external device or collects information of an external environment, the compensator  190  may control the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  in a first mode (for example, a normal mode). The compensator  190  may control the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  in a second mode (for example, a compensation mode) when there is a desire to compensate for phase and/or amplitude differences occurring in the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100 . 
     The compensator  190  may provide the first to ninth mode signals EN 1  to EN 9  to the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139 , respectively. The compensator  190  may individually control the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  in the first mode or the second mode using the first to ninth mode signals EN 1  to EN 9 . 
     In the second mode, the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may transmit the first to ninth output signals S 1  to S 9  to the compensator  190 . For example, among the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131 - 139 , the signal transmitting and detecting units controlled in the second mode may provide output signals to the compensator  190 . 
     The compensator  190  may receive some of the first to ninth output signals S 1  to S 9  from signal transmitting and detecting units associated with a compensation operation. The compensator  190  may generate some corresponding control signals, among the first to ninth control signals CS 1  to CS 9 , depending on some of the received output signals. The compensator  190  may adjust weights of some weight adjusters, among the first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129 , through some control signals. 
     As an example, nine antennas and components associated with the nine antennas have been illustrated and described in  FIG. 1 . However, the antennas and the components are merely exemplary. The number of antennas is not limited to nine. The number of weight adjusters is not also limited to nine, and may be equal to the number of antennas. The number of signal transmitting and detecting units may not be limited to nine, and may be equal to the number of antennas. 
       FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating a method of compensating phase differences of signals generated in antennas by the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in operation S 110 , the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may operate in the second mode. The first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may detect signals transmitted from reference antennas, among the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , to neighboring antenna. The compensator  190  may adjust weights, for example, weights of weight adjusters associated with reference antennas according to a detection result. 
     In operation S 120 , the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  may detect signals transmitted between the target antenna, the intermediate antenna, and the reference antenna among the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 . The compensator  190  may adjust a weight of a weight adjuster associated with the target antenna according to a detection result. 
     Operation S 110  may correspond to initial compensation, and operation S 120  may correspond to compensation propagation. The initial compensation may adjust weights associated with the reference antennas to compensate phase and/or amplitude differences of signals in two adjacent reference antennas. The compensation propagation may adjust a weight of the target antenna to compensate phase and/or amplitude differences of signals in the reference antenna and the target antenna, where the reference antenna and the target antenna are disposed with the intermediate antenna interposed therebetween. 
     As an example, the compensation propagation may have less computation than initial compensation and may consume less resources. The initial compensation may have greater computation than the compensation propagation and may consume more resources. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates examples of signal transmitting and detecting units. As an example, components of the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  associated with a first antenna A 1 , a second antenna A 2 , a fourth antenna A 4 , and a fifth antenna A 5  are illustrated in  FIG. 3 . Although not illustrated in  FIG. 3 , signal transmitting and detecting units corresponding to the other antennas A 3  and A 6  to A 9  may have the same configuration as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 3 , the signal transmitting and detecting units  131 ,  132 ,  134 , or  135  may include a first switch  131   a ,  132   a ,  134   a , or  135   a , a second switch  131   b ,  132   b ,  134   b , or  135   b , and phase and gain detectors  131   c ,  132   c ,  134   c , or  135   c.    
     The first switch  131   a ,  132   a ,  134   a  or  135   a  may connect the weight adjuster  121 ,  122 ,  124 , or  125  to the phase and gain detector  121 ,  122 ,  124 , or  125  under the control of the mode signal EN 1 , EN 2 , EN 4 , or EN 5 , or to the second switch  131   b ,  132   b ,  134   b , or  135   b  through an internal wiring. 
     The second switch  131   b ,  132   b ,  134   b , or  135   b  may connect the switch  150  to the phase and gain detectors  131   c ,  132   c ,  134   c , or  134   b  under the control of the mode signal EN 1 , EN 2 , EN 4 , or EN 5 , or to the first switch  131   a ,  132   a ,  134   a , or  135   a  through the internal wiring. 
     For example, in the first mode, the weight adjuster  121 ,  122 ,  124 , or  125  may be connected to the switch  150  through the first switch  131   a ,  132   a ,  134   a , or  135   a , the internal wiring, and the second switch  131   b ,  132   b ,  134   b , or  135   b . That is, in the first mode, the signal transmitting and detecting units  131 ,  132 ,  134 , or  135  may transfer a signal between the weight adjuster  121 ,  122 ,  124 , or  125  and the switch  150 . 
     In the second mode, the phase and gain detectors  131   c ,  132   c ,  134   c , or  135   c  may receive a signal, transmitted from the weight adjusters  121 ,  122 ,  124 , or  125 , through the first switch  131   a ,  132   a ,  134   a , or  135   a , and may receive a signal, transmitted from the switch  150 , through the second switch  131   b ,  132   b ,  134   b , or  135   b.    
     The phase and gain detectors  131   c ,  132   c ,  134   c , or  135   c  may detect an amplitude ratio or a phase differences of received signals and may output a detected result to the compensator  190  as output signal S 1 , S 2 , S 4 , or S 5 . The amplitude of a signal may experience attenuation or amplification depending on a transmission path of the signal. That is, the amplitude ratio of the signals obtained at the phase and gain detector  131   c ,  132   c ,  134   c , or  135   c  may represent a gain and, in the second mode, the signal transmitting and detecting units  131 ,  132 ,  134 , or  135  may detect the phase difference and the gain of the signals. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an example in which a wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  compensates for weights associated with reference antennas (see operation S 110  in  FIG. 2 ). Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 4 , in operation S 210 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may transmit a signal through a first reference antenna. The first reference antenna may be selected from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 . 
     In operation S 220 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may detect a phase difference and a gain in signal transmitting and detecting units associated with a first neighboring antenna and a second neighboring antenna. The first neighboring antenna and the second neighboring antenna may be selected from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  and may be adjacent to the first reference antenna. 
     In operation S 230 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may transmit a signal through the second reference antenna. The second reference antenna is selected from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  and may be adjacent to the first reference antenna, the first neighboring antenna, and the second neighboring antenna. 
     In operation S 240 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may detect a phase difference and a gain in signal transmitting and detecting units associated with the first and second neighboring antennas. 
     In operation S 250 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may adjust a weight of one of the first reference antenna and the second reference antenna, for example, a weight of a gain and a phase of a weight adjuster, based on detected phases and detected gains. 
       FIG. 5  is an example of transmitting a signal through a first reference antenna to detect a phase difference and a gain in a structure described with reference to  FIG. 3 . As an example, a first reference antenna and a second reference antenna may belong to the same row or the same column and may be adjacent to each other. The first reference antenna may be the fifth antenna A 5 , and the second reference antenna may be the fourth antenna A 4 . 
     The first neighboring antenna and the second neighboring antenna belong to the adjacent neighbor row or column to which the first reference antenna and the second reference antenna belong, and are disposed closest to the first reference antenna and the second reference antenna. The first neighboring antenna and the second neighboring antenna may be the first antenna A 1  and the second antenna A 2 , respectively. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , the compensator  190  may control a first switch  135   a  and a second switch  135   b  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  through a fifth mode signal EN 5  in the first mode. In the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135 , the first switch  135   a  may be connected to the second switch  135   b  through an internal wiring. 
     The compensator  190  may control a first switch  131   a  and a second switch  131   b  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131  through a first mode signal EN 1  in the second mode. In the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131 , the phase and gain detector  131   c  receives a signal from the first weight adjuster  121  through the first switch  131   a  and a signal from the switch  150  to the second switch  131   b.    
     The compensator  190  may control a first switch  132   a  and a second switch  132   b  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132  through a second mode signal EN 2  in the second mode. In the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132 , the phase and gain detector  132   c  receives a signal from the second weight adjuster  122  through the first switch  132   a  and a signal from the switch  150  through the second switch  132   b.    
     The compensator  190  may control the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  through a fourth mode signal EN 4  in the second mode and may ignore a fourth output signal S 4 . Alternatively, the compensator  190  may control the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  through a fourth mode signal EN 4  in a third mode that is an inactive state. 
     The switch  150  may be connected to the transmitter  160 . The core block  180  may transmit a signal Sc for compensation through the transmitter  160 . The signal Sc for compensation may have, for example, a relative amplitude of 1 and a relative phase of zero (0). The signal Sc for compensation may be defined by Equation (1).
 
 Sc= 1· e°= 1  Equation (1)
 
     While signals are transmitted, they may experience various weights at amplitudes and phases. For example, weights of wirings of the power distribution block  140  may be W 1 , W 2 , W 4 , and W 5 , different from each other. Weights of internal wirings of the signal transmitting and detecting unit  131 ,  132 ,  134 , or  135  may be W 0 , equal to each other. 
     The signal for compensation may experience a weight corresponding to W 5  in amplitude and phase in the power distribution block  140  and a weight corresponding to W 0  in an internal wiring of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135 . 
     A signal, transmitted from the fifth antenna A 5 , may be received at the second antenna A 2 . In this case, the signal may experience a weight of C 1  corresponding to a coupling coefficient of the fifth antenna A 5  and the second antenna A 2 . A first signal SI 1 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted to the phase and gain detector  132   c  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132  through the fifth antenna A 5  and the second antenna A 2 , is defined by Equation (2). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     A second signal SI 2 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted to the phase and gain detector  132   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  132   b  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132 , may be defined by Equation (3).
 
 S/ 2=1· W 2 e   W2   =W 3 e   W2   Equation (3)
 
     The phase and gain detector  132   c  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132  may output a ratio of the first signal SI 1  and the second signal SI 2  as a second output signal S 2 . The second output signal S 2  is defined by equation (4). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     4 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     A signal, transmitted from the fifth antenna A 5 , may be received at the first antenna A 1 . In this case, the signal may experience a weight of C 2  corresponding to a coupling coefficient of the fifth antenna A 5  and the first antenna A 1 . A third signal SI 3 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted through the fifth antenna A 5  and the first antenna A 1  to the phase and gain detector  131   c  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131 , may be defined by Equation (5). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     / 
                     3 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       5 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       0 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       2 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       W 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         5 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         0 
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       2 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     5 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The fourth signal SI 4 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted to the phase and gain detector  131   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  131   b  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131 , may be defined by Equation (6).
 
 S/ 4=1· W 1 e   W1   =W 1 e   W1   Equation (6)
 
     The phase and gain detector  131   c  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131  may output a ratio of the third signal SI 3  and the fourth signal SI 4  as a first output signal S 1 . The first output signal S 1  is defined by Equation (7). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     1 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         3 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         4 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             5 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     7 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The compensator  190  may divide the second output signal S 2  of the second antenna A 2  (for example, a neighboring antenna) having the weight of C 1 , closest to the fifth antenna A 5  (for example, a reference antenna) by a first output signal S 1  of the first antenna A 1  (for example, a neighboring antenna) disposed diagonally to the fifth antenna A 5 . A result of the division indicates an influence eff1 transmitted from the fifth antenna A 5  to the second antenna A 2  and the first antenna A 1 , and may be defined by Equation (8). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     eff 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     1 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               5 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               5 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               2 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               5 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               5 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               2 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             1 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             2 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     8 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 6  illustrates an example of transmitting a signal through a second reference antenna to detect a phase difference and a gain in the structure described with reference to  FIG. 3 . As described with reference to  FIG. 5 , the second reference antenna may be the fourth antenna A 4 . The first neighboring antenna and the second neighboring antenna may be the first antenna A 1  and the second antenna A 2 , respectively. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 6 , the compensator  190  may control a first switch  134   a  and a second switch  134   b  of the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  through a fourth mode signal EN 4  in the first mode. In the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134 , the first switch  134   a  may be connected to the second switch  134   b  through an internal wiring. 
     The compensator  190  may control the first switch  131   a  and the second switch  131   b  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131  through the first mode signal EN 1  in the second mode. In the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131 , the phase and gain detector  131   c  may receive a signal from the first weight adjuster  121  through the first switch  131   a  and a signal from the switch  150  to the second switch  131   b.    
     The compensator  190  may control the first switch  132   a  and the second switch  132   b  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132  through the second mode signal EN 2  in the second mode. The phase and gain detector  132   c  may receive a signal from the second weight adjuster  122  through the first switch  132   a  and a signal from the switch  150  through the second switch  132   b.    
     The compensator  190  may control the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  through the fifth mode signal EN 5  in the second mode and may ignore the fifth output signal S 5 . Alternatively, the compensator  190  may control the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  through the fifth mode signal EN 5  in a third mode that is an inactive state. 
     The switch  150  may be connected to the transmitter  160 . The core block  180  may transmit a signal Sc for compensation through the transmitter  160 . The signal Sc for compensation may be the same as defined in Equation (1). 
     The signal for compensation experiences a weight corresponding to W 4  in amplitude and phase in power distribution block  140  and may experience a weight corresponding to W 0  in the internal wiring of the fourth transmitting and detecting unit  135  while transferring from switch  150  to fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134 . 
     A signal, transmitted from the fourth antenna A 4 , may be received at the first antenna A 1 . In this case, the signal may experience a weight of C 1  corresponding to a coupling coefficient of the fourth antenna A 4  and the first antenna A 1 . The fifth signal SI 5 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted through the fourth antenna A 4  and the first antenna A 1  to the phase and gain detector  131   c  of the first signal transmitting and detecting units  131 , may be defined by Equation (9). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     / 
                     5 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       4 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       0 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       W 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         4 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         0 
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     9 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     A sixth signal SI 6 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted to the phase and gain detector  131   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  131   b  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131 , may be defined by Equation (10).
 
 S/ 6=1· W 1 e   W1   =W 1 e   W1   Equation (10)
 
     The phase and gain detector  131   c  of the first signal transmitting and detecting unit  131  may output a ratio of the fifth signal SI 5  and the sixth signal SI 6  as a first output signal S 1 . The first output signal S 1  is defined by Equation (11). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     1 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         5 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         6 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             4 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     11 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     A signal, transmitted from the fourth antenna A 4 , may be received at the second antenna A 2 . In this case, the signal may experience a weight of C 2  corresponding to a coupling coefficient of the fourth antenna A 4  and the second antenna A 2 . A seventh signal SI 7 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted to the phase and gain detector  132   c  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132  through the fourth antenna A 4  and the second antenna A 2 , may be defined by Equation (12). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     / 
                     7 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       4 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       0 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       2 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       W 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         4 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         0 
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       2 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     12 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     An eighth signal SI 8 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  and transmitted to the phase and gain detector  132   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  132   b  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132 , may be defined by Equation (13).
 
 S/ 8=1· W 2 e   W2   =W 2 e   W2   Equation (13)
 
     The phase and gain detector  132   c  of the second signal transmitting and detecting unit  132  may output a ratio of the seventh signal SI 7  and the eighth signal SI 8  as a second output signal S 2 . The second output signal S 2  may be defined by Equation (14). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     2 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         7 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         8 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             4 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                         W2 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     14 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Similarly to Equation (8), the compensator  190  may divide the second output signal S 2 , obtained in association with the second antenna A 2 , by a first output signal S 1  obtained in association with the first antenna A 1 . A result of the division indicates an influence eff2, transmitted from the fourth antenna A 4  to the first antenna A 1  and the second antenna A 2 , may be defined by Equation (15). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     eff 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     2 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               4 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               4 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               2 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               2 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               4 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               4 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             2 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             1 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     15 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The compensator  190  may multiply the first influence eff1, calculated through Equation (8) with reference to  FIG. 5 , and the second effect eff2 calculated through Equation (15) with reference to  FIG. 6 . A result of the multiplication is shown in Equation (16). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     eff 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       1 
                       · 
                       eff 
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     2 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             1 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             2 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               2 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               2 
                             
                           
                         
                         · 
                         
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               2 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               1 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             w 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             1 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             2 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             2 
                             ⁢ 
                             w 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             2 
                             ⁢ 
                             w 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     16 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Equation (16), the compensator  190  may detect a gain and a phase of the weight of W 1  and the weight of W 2 . A weight of the fourth weight adjuster  124  associated with the fourth antenna A 4  or a weight of the fifth weight adjuster  125  associated with the fifth antenna A 5  may be adjusted depending on a result of the detection. Thus, amplitudes of the signals may become equal to each other or phases thereof may be aligned at the fifth antenna A 4  and the fifth antenna A 5 . 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating an example in which the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  compensates for a weight in association with a reference antenna, an intermediate antenna, and a target antenna (see S 120  in  FIG. 2 ). Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 7 , in operation S 310 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may transmit a signal through a target antenna. The target antenna may be selected from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 . 
     In step S 320 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may detect a phase difference and a gain in the signal transmitting and detecting unit associated with an intermediate antenna. The intermediate antenna is selected from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , and may be adjacent to the reference antenna. 
     In step S 330 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may transmit a signal through the reference antenna. The reference antenna is selected from the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , and may be disposed with the intermediate antenna between the reference antenna and a target antenna. A weight adjuster of the reference antenna may have a weight compensated by the compensator  190 . 
     In step S 340 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may detect a phase difference and a gain in the signal transmitting and detecting unit associated with the intermediate antenna. In step S 350 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may adjust a weight of the target antenna, for example, a gain and a phase of the weight adjuster, based on detected phases and gains. 
       FIG. 8  is an example of transmitting a signal from a target antenna for compensation in association with the fourth to sixth antennas A 4  to A 6 . For example, as described with reference to  FIGS. 4 to 6 , it will be assumed that the fourth weight adjuster  124  and the fifth weight adjuster  125  of the fourth antenna A 4  and the fifth antenna A 5  have compensated weights. 
     Among the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , an object antenna to compensate a weight is selected as a target antenna. The target antenna should be disposed adjacent to the reference antenna with a single antenna interposed therebetween. Among the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , an antenna having a compensated weight is selected as a reference antenna. An antenna between the reference antenna and the target antenna may be involved in compensation as an intermediate antenna. 
     The reference antenna, the target antenna, and the intermediate antenna may belong to the same row or the same column. For example, the fourth antenna A 4  may be a reference antenna, the sixth antenna A 6  may be a target antenna, and the fifth antenna A 5  may be an intermediate antenna. The intermediate antenna may have a compensated weight. However, it is all right that the intermediate antenna has an uncompensated weight. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 8 , the compensator  190  may control the sixth signal transmitting and detecting unit  136  of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is the target antenna, in the first mode. The compensator  190  may control the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  of the fifth antenna A 5 , which is the intermediate antenna, in the second mode. 
     As described with reference to Equations (2) and (9), a ninth signal SI 9 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  135   c  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  through the sixth antenna A 6  and the fifth antenna A 5 , may be defined by Equation (17). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     / 
                     9 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       6 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       0 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       W 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         6 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         0 
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     17 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     As described with reference to Equations (3) and (10), a tenth signal SI 10 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  135   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  135   b  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135 , may be defined by Equation (18).
 
 S/ 10=1· W 5 e   W5   =W 5 e   W5   Equation (18)
 
     The phase and gain detector  135   c  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  may output a ratio of a ninth signal SI 9  and a tenth signal SI 10  as a fifth output signal S 5 . The fifth signal S 5  is defined by Equation (19). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     5 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         9 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         10 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             6 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           5 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     19 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 9  illustrates an example of transmitting a signal from a reference antenna for compensation in association with the fourth to sixth antennas A 4  to A 6 . Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 9 , the compensator  190  may control the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  of the fourth antenna A 4 , which is a reference antenna, in the first mode and may control the fifth signal transfer and detector  135  of the fifth antenna A 5 , which is an intermediate antenna, in the second mode. 
     As described with reference to Equations (2) and (9), an eleventh signal SI 11 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  135   c  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  through the fourth antenna A 4  and the fifth antenna A 5 , may be defined by Equation (20). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     / 
                     11 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       4 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       0 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       W 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         4 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         0 
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     20 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     As described with reference to Equations (3) and (10), the tenth signal SI 10 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  135   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  135   b  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135 , may be defined by Equation (18). 
     The phase and gain detector  135   c  of the fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  may output a ratio of the eleventh signal SI 11  and the tenth signal SI 10  to a fifth output signal S 5 . The fifth signal S 5  is defined by Equation (21). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     5 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         11 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         10 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             4 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           5 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     21 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The compensator  190  may calculate a ratio of the fifth output signals S 5  (represented by Equation (19) and Equation (21)) output twice. For example, Equation (21) showing an influence of the fourth antenna A 4 , which is the reference antenna, on the fifth antenna A 5 , which is an intermediate antenna, may be divided by Equation (19) showing an influence of the sixth antenna, which a target antenna, on the fifth antenna A 5  which is an intermediate antenna. A result of the division is a compensation coefficient COMP and is expressed as Equation (22). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   COMP 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               4 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               4 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               5 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               6 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               6 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               5 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           4 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           6 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     22 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Equation 22, the compensation coefficient COMP shows a difference between a weight of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is a target antenna, and a weight of the fourth antenna A 4  which is a reference antenna and shows, in detail, an amplitude ratio (that is, gain) and a phase difference. The compensator  190  may adjust the weight of the sixth weight adjuster  126  of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is a target antenna, according to the compensation coefficient COMP. When the compensation is completed, amplitudes of signals may become equal to each other and phases thereof may be aligned at the fourth antenna A 4  and the sixth antenna A 6 . 
     Target antennas may sequentially selected at the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , and the compensation described with reference to  FIGS. 7 to 9  may be performed. Accordingly, amplitudes of the signals communicating at the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  may become equal to each other, and phases thereof may be all aligned in the same manner. 
       FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating another example in which the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  compensates for a weight in association with a reference antenna, an intermediate antenna, and a target antenna (see S 120  in  FIG. 2 ). Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 10 , in operation S 410 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may transmit a signal through an intermediate antenna. 
     In operation S 420 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may detect a phase difference and a gain in a signal transmitting and detecting unit associated with a target antenna. In operation S 430 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may detect a phase difference and a gain in a signal transmitting and detecting unit associated with a reference antenna. In operation S 440 , the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  may adjust a weight of the target antenna, for example, a gain and a phase of the weight adjuster, based on the detected phases and gains. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates an example of transmitting a signal from an intermediate antenna for compensation in association with fourth to sixth antennas. As an example, as described with reference to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , it will be assumed that the fourth weight adjuster  124  and the fifth weight adjuster  125  of the fourth antenna A 4  and the fifth antenna A 5  have compensated weights. The fourth antenna may be a reference antenna, the sixth antenna A 6  may be a target antenna, and the fifth antenna A 5  may be an intermediate antenna. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 11 , the compensator  190  may control a fifth signal transmitting and detecting unit  135  of the fifth antenna A 5 , which is an intermediate antenna, in a first mode, a sixth signal transmitting and detecting unit  136  of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is a target antenna, in a second mode, and a fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  of the fourth antenna A 4 , which is a reference antenna, in a second mode. 
     As described with reference to Equation (2) and Equation (9), a twelfth signal SI 12 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  to a phase and gain detector  136   c  of a sixth signal transmitting and detecting unit  136  through the fifth antenna A 5  and the sixth antenna A 6 , may be defined by Equation (23). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     / 
                     12 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       5 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       0 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         
                           e 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           C 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       W 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         5 
                         · 
                         W 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         0 
                         · 
                         C 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     23 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     As described with reference to Equation (3) and Equation (10), a thirteenth signal SI 13 , transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  136   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  136   b  of the sixth signal transmitting and detecting unit  136 , may be defined by Equation (24).
 
 S/ 13=1· W 6 e   W6   =W 6 e   W6   Equation (24)
 
     A phase and gain detector  135   c  of a sixth signal transmitting and detecting unit  136  may output a ratio of the twelfth signal SI 12  and the thirteenth signal SI 13  as a sixth output signal S 6 . The sixth output signal S 6  is defined by Equation (25). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     6 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         13 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         12 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           6 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             5 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     25 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     As described with reference to Equation (2) and Equation (9), a signal, transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  134   c  of the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  through the fifth antenna A 5  and the fourth antenna A 4 , may be the twelfth signal SI 12  of Equation (23). 
     As described with reference to Equation (3) and Equation (10), a signal, transmitted from the transmitter  160  to the phase and gain detector  134   c  through the switch  150  and the second switch  134   b  of the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134 , may be defined by Equation (26).
 
 S/ 14=1· W 4 e   W4   =W 4 e   W4   Equation (26)
 
     The phase and gain detector  134   c  of the fourth signal transmitting and detecting unit  134  may output a ratio of the twelfth signal SI 12  and the fourteenth signal SI 14  as a fourth output signal S 4 . The fourth output signal S 4  is defined by Equation (27). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     4 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         14 
                       
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         12 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           4 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             5 
                             · 
                             W 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             0 
                             · 
                             C 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             5 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             0 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             C 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     27 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The compensator  190  may calculate a ratio of the fourth output signal S 4  and the sixth output signal S 6 . For example, the fourth output signal S 4  of Equation (27) indicating an influence of the fourth antenna A 4 , which is a reference antenna, on the fifth antenna A 5 , which is an intermediate antenna, may be divided by the sixth output signal S 6  of Equation (25) indicating an influence of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is a target antenna, on the fifth antenna a 5  which is an intermediate antenna. A result of the division may be a compensation coefficient COMP 2 , and may be expressed as Equation (28). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     COMP 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     2 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             4 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               5 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               4 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               5 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               5 
                               · 
                               W 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               0 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           e 
                           
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               6 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               5 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               W 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               0 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               C 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                   
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               1 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           4 
                         
                         
                           W 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           6 
                         
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                         e 
                         
                           
                             W 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
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                             4 
                           
                           - 
                           
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                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             6 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     ( 
                     28 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Equation (28), the compensation coefficient COMP 2  shows a difference between a weight of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is a target antenna, and a weight of the fourth antenna A 4  which is a reference antenna and shows, in detail, an amplitude ratio (that is, gain) and a phase difference. The compensator  190  may adjust a weight of the sixth weight adjuster  126  of the sixth antenna A 6 , which is the target antenna, according to the compensation coefficient COMP 2 . When the compensation is completed, amplitudes of signals may become equal to each other and phases thereof may be aligned at the fourth antenna A 4  and the sixth antenna A 6 . 
     Target antennas may sequentially selected at the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 , and the compensation described with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11  may be performed. Accordingly, amplitudes of the signals communicating at the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  may become equal to each other, and phases thereof may be all aligned in the same manner. 
     As described above, the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  according to an example embodiment may internally and automatically align amplitudes and phases of signals communicating at antennas. Thus, the manufacturing cost of the wireless transmitting and receiving apparatus  100  is reduced, and accuracy thereof is improved. 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a beamformer  200  according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to  FIG. 12 , a beamformer  200  according to an example embodiment may include a weight block  220 , a detection block  230 , and a power distribution block  240 . 
     The weight block  220  includes first to ninth weight adjusters  221  to  229 . The weight block  220  may be configured to be connected (or coupled) to external antennas through antenna nodes. The first to ninth weight adjusters  221  to  229  may be configured and operate the same as the first to ninth weight adjusters  121  to  129  in  FIG. 1 , except that they communicate with the external antennas A 1  to A 9  through antenna nodes rather than the first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 . Accordingly, duplicate explanations will be omitted. 
     The detection block  230  includes first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  231  to  239 . The first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  231  to  239  may be configured and operate the same as the first to ninth signal transmitting and detecting units  131  to  139  in  FIG. 1 . Accordingly, duplicate explanations will be omitted. 
     The power distribution block  240  may be configured to be connected (or coupled) to an external device through a wireless signal node. The power distribution block  240  may be configured and operates the same as the power distribution block  140  in  FIG. 1 , except that it communicates with an external device through a wireless signal node rather than the switch  150 . Accordingly, duplicate explanations will be omitted. 
     After the beamformer  200  is manufactured, a compensation operation may be performed to compensate for differences in amplitude and phase between signals transmitted by the beamformer  200 . For the compensation operation, the beamformer  200  may be connected a compensation device  300 . The compensation device  300  may include a radio-frequency (RF) source  310 , a compensator  320 , and an antenna block for compensation. 
     Similarly to the antenna block  110  described with reference to  FIG. 1 , the compensation antenna block  330  may include first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9 . The first to ninth antennas A 1  to A 9  may be connected (or coupled) to antenna nodes of the weight block  220 , respectively. 
     The RF source  310  may be connected (or coupled) to a wireless signal node of the power distribution block  240 . The RF source  310  may transmit a wireless signal to the power distribution block  240  at an appropriate timing under the control of the compensator  320 . Similarly to the descriptions made with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 11 , the compensator  320  may adjust weights of first to ninth weight adjusters  221  to  229  using first to ninth mode signals EN 1  to EN 9 , first to ninth output signals S 1  to S 9 , and control signals CS 1  to CS 9 . 
     After the weights are adjusted to compensate for the differences in amplitude and phase, a compensation device  300  may be disconnected from the beamformer  200 . The beamformer  200  may be distributed or used as a product in which there is no difference in amplitude and phase. 
     As an example, the beamformer  200  may be coupled to the antenna block  110  to constitute a directivity phased-array antenna device. Weights of the directivity phased-array antenna device may be compensated by the RF source  310  and the compensator  320 . Then, the directivity phased-array antenna device may be distributed or used as a product in which there is no difference in amplitude and phase. 
     As described above, components of the wireless transmitting and receiving device  100  have been described using terms such as first, second, third, and the like. However, the terms such as first, second, third, and the like are used to distinguish the components from each other, and do not limit the present disclosure. For example, the terms such as first, second, third, and the like do not imply numeral meanings of order or any form. 
     In the above-described embodiments, components according to embodiments are referred to by using blocks. The blocks may be implemented with various hardware devices, such as an integrated circuit, an application specific IC (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), software, such as firmware and applications driven in hardware devices, or a combination of a hardware device and software. In addition, the blocks may include circuits or IP (Intellectual Property) including semiconductor elements in an integrated circuit (IC). 
     As described above, a wireless transmitting and receiving device, internally aligning phases of signals, and an operating method of the wireless transmitting and receiving device are provided. Thus, time required to align phases of signals may be reduced, and the phases of the signals may be adaptively realigned depending on variation of environment. 
     Although the present disclosure and its advantages have: been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.