Patent Publication Number: US-9417777-B2

Title: Enabling quick display transitions between indoor and outdoor map data

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/844,300 that was filed on Jul. 9, 2013 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure relates to interactive digital maps and, more particularly, to providing a widget to allow quick transitions to indoor map data on a client computing device displaying a base map that includes both outdoor and indoor map data. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. 
     A wide variety of computing devices, including many portable devices, support software applications that display interactive digital maps (“mapping applications”). For example, mapping applications may run on laptop and tablet computers, mobile phones, car navigation systems, hand-held global positioning system (GPS) units, etc. These mapping applications can display various types of geographic data including topographical data, street data, urban transit information, and traffic data, in a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) format. 
     Although digital maps usually depict “outdoor” map features such as buildings, roads, bodies of water, etc., indoor mapping is also becoming available. For example, a digital map that depicts the footprint of an indoor shopping mall at certain zoom levels can also depict the floor plan of the shopping mall, icons for indoor facilities such as restrooms and elevators, and text labels for various businesses. 
     In a typical system, indoor map data is stored in a separate database and provided to a client device as a separate layer of data that can be overlaid on a digital map. A mapping application executing on the client device renders a digital map with external features such as roads, parks, bodies of water, building footprints, etc. and, when the user zooms in on a building footprint, generates a separate request (possibly to a separate server) to retrieve indoor map data. As a result, prior to receiving the requested indoor data, the mapping application cannot display any information or controls related to the indoor data. For example, the mapping application cannot display a widget for selecting a floor of a multi-floor building. 
     SUMMARY 
     The features and advantages described in this summary and the following detailed description are not all-inclusive. Many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims hereof. Additionally, other embodiments may omit one or more (or all) of the features and advantages described in this summary. 
     A map data server may provide metadata about available indoor map data that accompanies map data for drawing a base map. For example, map data may include vector data for drawing a footprint of a building, and the metadata may include information about the physical properties of the building (e.g., an indication of how many floors the building has and if detailed map data is available for the indicated floors, etc.). A mapping application running on the client can use this metadata to display an interface that allows a user to select floors or otherwise interact with the floor data. Further, the metadata accompanying map data can include a bounding box, or a bounding polygon, for one or more floors. The mapping application can use these bounding shapes to properly reposition the viewport as map data for a new floor is being loaded, for example. 
     In a first embodiment, a computer-implemented method in a network server may enable quick transitions to indoor map data from a base map displaying outdoor map data. The method may receive, from the client device, a request for map data for a specified geographic area and a specified zoom level. The method may then retrieve outdoor map data for the requested geographic area at the zoom level. The outdoor map data may correspond to externally-visible physical entities. The method may also determine that the outdoor map data includes a map feature corresponding to a multi-floor building and determine a default floor for the multi-floor building. The method may further provide the outdoor map data and data defining a widget to the client device in response to the request for map data for the specified geographic area and the specified zoom level. The widget may include one or more of an indication of the default floor, an indication of a number of floors for the multi-floor building, a description of a bounding box for one or more floors of the multi-floor building, and names for each floor of the multi-floor building. 
     In a second embodiment, a mapping system may be configured to enable quick transitions to indoor map data from a base map displaying outdoor map data. The system may comprise a remote mapping server including a processor and a memory, the memory including instructions executed. A first instruction may receive, from the client device, a request for map data for a specified geographic area and a specified zoom level. A second instruction may retrieve outdoor map data for the requested geographic area at the zoom level. The outdoor map data may correspond to externally-visible physical entities. A third instruction may determine that the outdoor map data includes a map feature corresponding to a multi-floor building, and a fourth instruction may determine a default floor for the multi-floor building. A fifth instruction may provide the outdoor map data and data defining a widget to the client device in response to the request for map data for the specified geographic area and the specified zoom level. The widget may include one or more of an indication of the default floor, an indication of a number of floors for the multi-floor building, a description of a bounding box for one or more floors of the multi-floor building, and names for each floor of the multi-floor building. 
     In a third embodiment, a tangible computer-readable medium may include non-transitory computer readable instructions stored thereon for enabling quick transitions to indoor map data from a base map displaying outdoor map data. A first instruction may receive, from the client device, a request for map data for a specified geographic area and a specified zoom level. A second instruction may retrieve outdoor map data for the requested geographic area at the zoom level. The outdoor map data may correspond to externally-visible physical entities. A third instruction may determine that the outdoor map data includes a map feature corresponding to a multi-floor building, and a fourth instruction may determine a default floor for the multi-floor building. A fifth instruction may provide the outdoor map data and data defining a widget to the client device in response to the request for map data for the specified geographic area and the specified zoom level. The widget may include one or more of an indication of the default floor, an indication of a number of floors for the multi-floor building, a description of a bounding box for one or more floors of the multi-floor building, and names for each floor of the multi-floor building. 
     In a fourth embodiment, a computer apparatus may enable quick transitions to indoor map data from a base map displaying outdoor map data. The apparatus may include means to receive, from the client device, a request for map data for a specified geographic area and a specified zoom level. The apparatus may also include means to retrieve outdoor map data for the requested geographic area at the zoom level. The outdoor map data may correspond to externally-visible physical entities. The apparatus may also include means to determine that the outdoor map data includes a map feature corresponding to a multi-floor building, means to determine a default floor for the multi-floor building, and means to provide the outdoor map data and data defining a widget to the client device in response to the request for map data for the specified geographic area and the specified zoom level. The widget may include one or more of an indication of the default floor, an indication of a number of floors for the multi-floor building, a description of a bounding box for one or more floors of the multi-floor building, and names for each floor of the multi-floor building. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example system in which techniques for providing indoor map data to a client device are implemented; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example description of a map tile including multiple map features and metadata with indoor information for some of the map features, which a map data server can transmit to a client device; 
         FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a map tile that includes both outdoor map features and indoor map features, which a map data server can transmit to a client device; 
         FIG. 4 a    is an exemplary flow diagram of a computer-implemented method for providing map data with an overview of available indoor map data to a client device; 
         FIG. 4 b    is an exemplary user interface for a mapping module executing on a client computing device displaying an overview of available indoor map data; and 
         FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of an example method for providing indoor map data as part of a base map. 
     
    
    
     The figures depict embodiments of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternate embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A map data server provides certain information about the available indoor map data as metadata accompanying map data for drawing a base map (i.e., the foundational layer of a digital map for a given zoom level). For example, map data can include vectors for drawing a footprint of a building, and the metadata can include an indication of how many floors the building has, and for how many of these floors detailed indoor map data is available. A mapping application running on the client can use this indication to properly display a floor picker (e.g., a widget that displays selectable floor numbers for activating a display of the corresponding floor). Further, the metadata accompanying map data can include a bounding box, or a bounding polygon, for one or more floors. The mapping application can use these bounding shapes to properly reposition the viewport as map data for a new floor is being loaded, for example. Still further, the metadata can include names of floors to appear as floors listed in an elevator of the building, for example. More generally, the metadata can include information that helps the mapping application make transitions from an external view of a building to the indoor view of the building, as well as make transitions between floors more smooth. 
     As discussed in more detail below, metadata in some implementations accompanies particular map features. Thus, for example, a building can be described as an individual map feature. The description of the map feature can include the external geometry of the building in a vector graphics format, textures to be applied to the building geometry, text labels, etc. Metadata accompanying this map feature can include an overview of the available indoor data discussed above. 
     Additionally, a mapping application of the present disclosure can receive indoor floor data for the default floor of a multi-floor building as part of a base map. The map data server in this case can annotate the indoor floor data to allow the mapping application on the client device to easily remove this indoor map data, apply a different style to the indoor map data, or other actions. For example, the base map can include, among other map features, an external outline of a large indoor shopping mall. The indoor floor data can include outlines of stores, labels, icons indicating the locations of elevators and restrooms, and other indoor features. For each indoor feature, the server may specify that the feature is an indoor feature associated with a certain floor. 
     These techniques are discussed in more detail below with reference to  FIGS. 1-5 . In particular, an example system in which a map data server can provide indoor map information to a client device is illustrated  FIG. 1 , example formats and uses of this information are schematically illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , and flow diagrams of example methods for exchanging indoor map information are illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
     System Overview 
     Referring first to  FIG. 1 , a system  10  includes a computing device  12  coupled to a map server  14  via a communication network  16 . The computing device  12  can be, for example, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, etc. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the computing device  12  includes a central processing unit (CPU)  20 , a graphics processing unit (GPU)  22 , a computer-readable memory  24 , a network interface  118 , and a user interface  120  including a touch interface. In various implementations, the touch interface can include a touchpad over which the user moves his or her fingers while looking at a separately provided screen, a touchscreen where the user places his or her fingers directly over the image being manipulated or over a displayed control being activated (e.g., a displayed keyboard), etc. The memory  24  is a computer-readable non-transitory storage device that may include both persistent (e.g., a hard disk) and non-persistent (e.g., RAM) memory components, and may store instructions executable on the CPU  20  and/or the GPU  22  that make up a mapping software module  40  and map data  42  on which the mapping module  40  operates. The mapping software module  40  includes an indoor data management module  44  that allows users to easily inspect internal features of multi-story buildings. 
     The mapping software module  40  according to various implementations operates as a separately executable software application, a plugin that extends the functionality of another software application such as a web browser, an application programming interface (API) invokable by a software application, etc. The instructions that make up the mapping software module  40  may be compiled and executable on the CPU  20  and/or the GPU  22  directly, or not compiled and interpreted by the CPU  20  at runtime. Further, the indoor data management module  44  may be provided as an integral part of the mapping software module  40  or as a separately installable and downloadable component. 
     Depending on the implementation, the map data  42  may be in a raster format, such as Portable Network Graphics (PNG), a vector graphics format (based on mathematical descriptions of geometric shapes), or any other suitable format. The map data  42  in some cases is divided into map tiles, or portions of a map image having a certain fixed size, such as 256 by 256 pixels. In operation, the mapping module  40  receives the map data  42  from the map server  14 , renders a map image based on the map data, and causes the map image to be displayed via the user interface  30 . When the mobile device  12  receives the map data  42  already rasterized, the mapping module  40  renders the map image by selecting and combining the proper rasterized tiles. However, if the map data  42  is in a vector graphics format, the mapping module  40  interprets the descriptions of various shapes to generate the corresponding raster images. The mapping module  40  also adjusts the displayed image and requests new map data, when necessary, in response to user input received via the user interface  30 . More specifically, the user may change the zoom level, pan across the map, select a different map type (e.g., traffic map, terrain map), and otherwise interact with the map. 
     In an example scenario, the map server  14  receives a request that specifies the geographic area, the zoom level, and the map type. In response to the received request, the map server  14  retrieves outdoor map data and indoor map data from an outdoor map database  50  and an indoor map database  52 , respectively. The map server  14  then provides the outdoor map data, the indoor map data, and appropriate indications of how certain portions of the outdoor map data and the indoor map data are linked, to the computing device  12  as part of the map data  42 . In another implementation, however, indoor and outdoor map data can be stored in a single database and/or provided by a common server. 
     When provided in a vector graphics format, outdoor map data may specify or define graphic representations of individual map elements representing such physical entities as roads, parks, bodies of water, external walls of buildings, and other natural and artificial objects visible outside, e.g., from above or at a street level. In a raster format, map elements typically are embedded into the same image. Outdoor map data also may include text-based data for displaying various labels such as street names or names of landmarks. In general, outdoor map data may be used by a computing device  12  to generate 2D images or 3D images, and may include schematic data, photographic images, or both. 
     Indoor map data may specify or define internal features of buildings such as the layout of internal walls or dividers, names of people, businesses, and organizations occupying different portions of a building, locations of elevators, escalators, restrooms, etc. For multi-story buildings, the indoor map data may specify internal features on a per-floor basis. Similar to outdoor map data, indoor map data may include both graphics content and non-graphics (e.g., text) content, and the graphics content may include schematic illustrations, photographic images, interactive and non-interactive icons, etc. 
     Certain portions of the outdoor map data may be logically linked to respective portions of indoor map data. In particular, certain map elements displayed on a map may be linked to indoor data that typically is not displayed on the map without an additional user request. In other words, certain map elements may be associated with additional map data that is not part of the map image typically displayed for the specified geographic region, map type, and zoom level. Referring to the map data  42 , the map server  14  can provide outdoor map data as a collection of separate data structures, each containing a vector-based description of a map element, text-based label data, and metadata that further contains a unique identifier of another data structure storing the corresponding indoor map data. If the outdoor map data included in the map data  42  is rasterized, the unique identifier of a data structure storing indoor map data can be provided for a particular set of coordinates in the raster image. In either case, the mapping software module  40  can display the outdoor map data and provide interactive controls for activating the display of relevant indoor map data. 
     As a more specific example, according to one implementation, the map server  14  provides, as part of outdoor map data, external representations of buildings in the form of low-detail three-dimensional (3D) outlines. The mapping software module  40  superimposes these 3D outlines over the two-dimensional (2D) map. In another implementation, the map server  14  provides 3D mesh descriptions of buildings along with photographic imagery for texturing the corresponding 3D meshes. Using this type of map data, the mapping software module  40  can generate realistic, highly detailed external representations of buildings. In yet another implementation, the map server  14  provides merely 2D outlines, or “footprints” of buildings on a 2D map. A user can tap or click on these 2D or 3D external representations of buildings to instruct the mapping software module  40  to display the internal features of the buildings in an expanded format. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 1 , the map server  14  may include a processor  60  and a memory  62  that stores a base map layer generator  63  and an indoor map data generator  64  made up of instructions executable on the processor  60 . The computing device  12  and the map server  14  may communicate in a client-server mode, where the computing device  12  sends requests for map data to the map server  14 , and the map server  14  provides map data in response to these requests. More particularly, the base map layer generator  63  in operation causes instructions stored in a memory and executed on a processor to receive requests for map data from the computing device  12 , identify and retrieve the requisite map data from the outdoor map database  50  and/or the indoor map database  52 , format response messages that contain the map data, and cause the response messages to be transmitted to the computing device  12  via the network  16 . The network  16  may be a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, a local area network (LAN), or any other suitable type of a computer network. 
     According to the implementations discussed below, the base map layer generator  63  includes map data for the default floor in the description of tiles that make a base map. The indoor map data generator  64  generates metadata including an overview of the available indoor map data for some of the map features. Depending on the implementation, the map data server  14  can include one or both of the components  63  and  64 . 
     For simplicity,  FIG. 1  illustrates the map server  14  as only one instance of a server device. However, according to some implementations, the map server  14  may include a group of one or more map server devices that are each equipped with one or more processors and capable of operating independently of the other map server devices. Map server devices operating in such a group can process requests from the computing device  12  individually (e.g., based on availability), in a distributed manner where one operation associated with processing a request is performed on one map server device while another operation associated with processing the same request is performed on another map server device, or according to any other suitable technique. For the purposes of this discussion, the term “map server” may refer to an individual map server device or to a group of two or more map server devices. 
     Enabling Quick Display Transitions Between Indoor and Outdoor Map Data 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example description of a map tile  100  that includes multiple map features  102 ,  104 , etc. In an example scenario, the map data server  14  transmits map data to the client device  12  for rendering a digital map using the map tile  100  as a communication unit. In general, however, map data need not be divided into map tiles, and any other grouping of map data can be used. 
     The map tile  100  includes metadata for some of the map features. In the illustrated example, metadata  106  accompanies the map feature  102 . The map feature  102  includes a description of geometry  110  (e.g., in a vector graphics format) and a style identifier  112 . For example, the style identifier  112  can store an identifier of a style, the definition of which (line width, fill color, outline color, etc.) is provided elsewhere in the map tile  100  or even in a separate communication unit sent to the client device. The metadata  106  stores a number of floors indicator  120  (e.g., “6,” “25”), floor names  122  (e.g., “ground floor,” “first floor”), and bounding boxes  124  and  126  for floors N and M, respectively. More generally, the metadata  106  can include more or less information. 
     Next,  FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a map tile  150  that includes both outdoor map features  160  and indoor map features  170  which the map data server  14  can transmit to the client device  12  and which the client device  12  can subsequently render. More specifically, the map data server  14  can provide the outdoor map features  160  (i.e., buildings  160 A,  160 B,  160 C,  160 D,  160 E) and the indoor map features  170  (i.e., stores, floors, internal building structures, or other indoor features  170 A,  170 B, and  170 C) as part of a base map tile. The client device  12  can overlay traffic, weather, transit, and other types of data on the base map tile  150 . It is noted that the technique of  FIG. 3  can be implemented in a communication system together with the technique of  FIG. 2 , or these two techniques can be implemented independently in respective different embodiments of a communication system. 
     Each of the indoor map features  170  can be provided in a vector graphics format, similar to the outdoor map features  160 . In addition to shapes representing internal hallways, wall dividers, rooms, etc., the map tile  150  can include labels  180  for indoor map features. By contrast, labels  190  and  192  identify street-level features. More generally, the map tile  150  can include various types of data for rendering an indoor digital map. 
     The map data server  14  can select the indoor map features  170  based on the default configuration of the building with the footprint represented by the map feature  160 A. For example, the building represented by the map feature  160 A can be a four-story shopping mall, with separate sets of map features defined for each floor. The indoor map database  52  (see  FIG. 1 ) can store an indication that the default floor for this building is the second floor, for example. The default floor of a building need not be the ground floor as the ground floor may be occupied by a garage that is relatively uninteresting to users. The map data server  14  can (i) query the indoor map database  52  to determine that the ground floor is the default floor, (ii) query the indoor map database  52  to retrieve indoor map features specific to the ground floor of the building (in this case, the indoor map features  170  and the label  180 ), and (iii) incorporate the indoor map features  170  and the label  180  into the base map that also includes the outdoor map features  160 . 
     In another implementation, a server (which may be the map data server  14  or another server) can combine outdoor map data with default-floor indoor map data ahead of time, for each map tile. In other words, map tiles are pre-computed to enable the map data server  14  to more quickly provide map tiles to clients upon request. 
     When the user wishes to view a different floor of the building, the mapping module  40  can send the corresponding request for floor data for another floor that is not the default floor to the map data server  14 . The server may then retrieve the indoor map features for the new floor. Depending on the implementation, the indoor data management module  44  can overlay the new floor data over the base map or remove and replace the individual map features  170 . 
     As further illustrated in  FIG. 3 , to enable the client device  14  to selectively operate on the indoor map data, indoor map features  170  and labels  180  are provided with indoor map data indicators  194 . The indoor data management module  44  can use the indicator  194  to manage indoor map features separately and render these features in a different style, highlight indoor map features without highlighting other map features in response to a user request or an automated event (e.g., a search query), apply other visual effects, etc. The indoor map indicators  194  may also correspond to each floor of a building (i.e., per floor) or to the building itself (i.e., per building) so that indoor data for one building may be highlighted or replaced with a different floor independent of indoor data for other nearby buildings. 
     In short, by providing indoor map features for the default floor in a base map tile in the manner discussed above, the map data server  14  on the one hand allows the mapping module  40  to immediately display richer content on the client device  12  and, on the other hand, allows the mapping module  40  to easily turn off the display of indoor map data, highlight the indoor map data, transition from one floor to another, etc. 
       FIG. 4 a    is a flow diagram of an example method  200  for providing map data with an overview of available indoor map data to a client device. The method  200  can be implemented as a set of instructions stored on a computer-readable memory and executable on one or more processors. For example, the method  200  can be implemented in the indoor map data generator  64 . In an example implementation, the method  200  is executed in response to receiving a request for map data corresponding to a specified geographic area and a specified zoom level. 
     At block  202 , map features that belong to a map tile are identified. This step can be implemented in a batch process, if desired. The map features identified at block  202  are outdoor map features representing physical entities visible from a street or otherwise from the outside. The identified map features are included in a description of a map tile at block  204 . To this end, the vector graphics format can be used, for example. 
     Next, at block  206 , an overview of the available indoor map data for one or more features identified at block  202  is generated. The overview can include an indication of the number of floors, a description of a bounding box for one or more floors, names of the floors, etc. At block  208 , the overview of the available indoor map data is included in the metadata accompanying map features. The map data and the metadata then are provided to a client device at block  210 . 
       FIG. 4 b    is an example of a user interface  220  for the mapping module  40  as displayed by a client device  12  after being provided to the client device at block  210 . The user interface may display both the map data (e.g., map tile  150 ) and the metadata  106 . For example, the mapping module  40  may cause the metadata  106  to be displayed as the overview or “widget”  222  including indications of which floors  224  of a selected building (e.g., building  160 A which includes indoor map features) are available for viewing as a map. In some embodiments, the widget  222  may also include an indication of a default floor  226  as indicated in the metadata  106  provided with the map data at block  210 . In still further embodiments, the widget  222  may include a slider bar or other scrolling feature for a user to manipulate and display other available floor or indoor feature selections  224 . 
     Next,  FIG. 5  depicts a flow diagram of an example method  250  for providing indoor map data as part of a base map. In some embodiments, the method  250 , in whole or in part, can be stored as tangible computer-executable instructions of the base map layer generator  63  within the memory  62  of the map data server  14  and executed by the processor  60 , for example. In other embodiments, the method  250 , in whole or in part, can be stored as tangible computer-executable instructions of the mapping module  40  within the memory  24  of the client device  12  and executed by the CPU  20  or GPU  22 , for example. In still further embodiments, the method  250  can be stored as a combination of tangible computer-executable instructions within the memory  62  of the map data server  14  and/or the client device  12  and respectively executed by the processor  60 , the CPU  20 , and/or the GPU  22 . The method  250  also can be implemented as a set of instructions stored on a computer-readable memory and executable on one or more processors. 
     The method  250  begins at block  252 , where outdoor map features  170 , indoor map features  160 , and metadata  106  for a geographic area are included in a base map for a certain map tile  150  ( FIG. 4 b   ) and received and displayed at a client device. At block  254 , the method  250  identifies a multi-floor building  160 A or other outdoor feature in a geographic region corresponding to the map tile  150 . At block  256 , the method  250  uses the received metadata  106  to determine the default floor  226  of the structure  160 A. For example, with reference to  FIG. 4 b   , a base map includes a map tile  150  and building  160 A. The metadata  106  may indicate that the first floor of the building  160 A is the default floor and the method  250  may cause the indication for the default floor  226  to appear in the widget  222 . Next, the method  250  may retrieve indoor map data for the default floor  226  from a database (block  258 ) and included in the map tile ( 260 ). Blocks  254 - 260  can be executed multiple times if the map tile includes multiple multi-floor structures for which indoor map data is available. 
     Additional Considerations 
     The following additional considerations apply to the foregoing discussion. Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter of the present disclosure. 
     Additionally, certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute either software modules (e.g., code stored on a machine-readable medium) or hardware modules. A hardware module is tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware module that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. 
     In various embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations. 
     Accordingly, the term hardware should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the hardware modules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective different hardware modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at a different instance of time. 
     Hardware and software modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware and/or software modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware or software modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the hardware or software modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware modules or software are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware or software modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware or software modules have access. For example, one hardware or software module may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware or software module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware and software modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). 
     The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processor-implemented modules. 
     Similarly, the methods or routines described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or processors or processor-implemented hardware modules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may be distributed across a number of locations. 
     The one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as an SaaS. For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., application program interfaces (APIs).) 
     The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number of geographic locations. 
     Some portions of this specification are presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data stored as bits or binary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g., a computer memory). These algorithms or symbolic representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. As used herein, an “algorithm” or a “routine” is a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context, algorithms, routines and operations involve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated by a machine. It is convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using words such as “data,” “content,” “bits,” “values,” “elements,” “symbols,” “characters,” “terms,” “numbers,” “numerals,” or the like. These words, however, are merely convenient labels and are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities. 
     Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using words such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer to actions or processes of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, or optical) quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or other machine components that receive, store, transmit, or display information. 
     As used herein any reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. 
     Some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. For example, some embodiments may be described using the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. The embodiments are not limited in this context. 
     As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present). 
     In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the description. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise. 
     Upon reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art will appreciate still additional alternative structural and functional designs for providing indoor map data to a client device through the disclosed principles herein. Thus, while particular embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the precise construction and components disclosed herein. Various modifications, changes and variations, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the method and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.