Patent Publication Number: US-11661911-B2

Title: Evaporated fuel treatment device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-17416 filed on Feb. 5, 2021 with the Japan Patent Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to an evaporated fuel treatment device. 
     Vehicles such as automobiles are each equipped with an evaporated fuel treatment device that inhibits an evaporated fuel originating in a fuel tank from being released into the atmosphere. The evaporated fuel treatment device comprises a charge port configured to take in the evaporated fuel, a purge port configured to discharge the evaporated fuel, an atmosphere port open to the atmosphere, and adsorption chambers forming a flow passage through which the evaporated fuel passes. The charge port and the purge port are arranged at an end of the flow passage through which the evaporated fuel passes. The atmosphere port is arranged at an end opposite to the end where the charge port and the purge port are arranged of the flow passage through which the evaporated fuel passes. Arranged within each adsorption chamber is an adsorption layer for adsorbing the evaporated fuel. The evaporated fuel treatment device accumulates the evaporated fuel taken in through the charge port, and discharges the accumulated evaporated fuel to an internal combustion engine through the purge port by means of air taken in through the atmosphere port. 
     As an evaporated fuel treatment device of this kind, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2015-057551 discloses a device in which a passage cross-sectional area of the adsorption chamber on the side of the atmosphere port is smaller than a passage cross-sectional area of the adjacent adsorption chamber. 
     SUMMARY 
     In the case where the passage cross-sectional area of the adsorption chamber on the side of the atmosphere port is smaller than the passage cross-sectional area of the adjacent adsorption chamber, the flow passage in the adsorption chamber on the side of the atmosphere port is narrower, resulting in tendency of increased ventilation resistance at the time of inflow of the evaporated fuel. 
     It is desirable that one aspect of the present disclosure provide an evaporated fuel treatment device with reduced ventilation resistance. 
     One aspect of the present disclosure is an evaporated fuel treatment device configured to adsorb and desorb an evaporated fuel originating in a fuel tank. The evaporated fuel treatment device comprises a charge port, a purge port, an atmosphere port, a first adsorption chamber, a second adsorption chamber, a first adsorption layer, and a second adsorption layer. The charge port and the purge port are arranged at an end of a flow passage through which the evaporated fuel passes. The charge port is configured to take in the evaporated fuel. The purge port is configured to discharge the evaporated fuel. The atmosphere port is arranged at an end opposite to the end where the charge port and the purge port are arranged of the flow passage, and is open to the atmosphere. The first adsorption chamber is arranged in the flow passage. The second adsorption chamber is connected to the first adsorption chamber, and is arranged, in the flow passage, closer to the atmosphere port with respect to the first adsorption chamber. The first adsorption layer is arranged within the first adsorption chamber, and adsorbs the evaporated fuel. The second adsorption layer is arranged within the second adsorption chamber, and adsorbs the evaporated fuel. A sectional area of the second adsorption layer perpendicular to a direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer is larger than a sectional area of the first adsorption layer perpendicular to a direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer. 
     Such a configuration allows for reduction of a ventilation resistance in the evaporated fuel treatment device. 
     In one aspect of the present disclosure, the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer may intersect with the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer. Such a configuration enables reduction of a protrusion width of the second adsorption chamber. 
     In one aspect of the present disclosure, the second adsorption chamber may include therein a space arranged between the first adsorption layer and the second adsorption layer in the flow passage. Such a configuration enables delay in release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere. 
     In one aspect of the present disclosure, the space may be located on a lower side within the second adsorption chamber in a state where the evaporated fuel treatment device is mounted in a vehicle. Such a configuration enables more delay in the release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic sectional view of an evaporated fuel treatment device according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic perspective view of the evaporated fuel treatment device according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic sectional view of a second adsorption chamber and therearound in the evaporated fuel treatment device according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic perspective view of an evaporated fuel treatment device according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic sectional view of a second adsorption chamber and therearound in the evaporated fuel treatment device according to the second embodiment; 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic perspective view of an evaporated fuel treatment device according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic sectional view of an evaporated fuel treatment device according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic sectional view of a second adsorption chamber and therearound in the evaporated fuel treatment device according to the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG.  9    is a view showing a case where a partition member on a bottom side has a different shape; and 
         FIG.  10    is a view showing a case where a partition member on a lid side includes a spring. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     1. First Embodiment 
     [1-1. Configuration] 
     An evaporated fuel treatment device  1  shown in  FIG.  1    is a device to adsorb and desorb an evaporated fuel originating in a fuel tank. 
     The evaporated fuel treatment device  1  comprises a charge port  2 , a purge port  3 , an atmosphere port  4 , adsorption chambers  10 ,  20 , and  30 , and a connecting passage  5 . 
     The charge port  2  is connected to the fuel tank of a vehicle via a piping. The charge port  2  is configured to introduce the evaporated fuel originating in the fuel tank into the evaporated fuel treatment device  1 . 
     The purge port  3  is connected to an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine via a purge valve (not shown). The purge port  3  is configured to discharge the evaporated fuel to supply it to the internal combustion engine. 
     The atmosphere port  4  is open to the atmosphere. The atmosphere port  4  is configured to atmospherically release air from which the evaporated fuel has been removed. Further, the atmosphere port  4  is configured to take in air to thereby desorb the evaporated fuel adsorbed within the evaporated fuel treatment device  1 . 
     The charge port  2  and the purge port  3  are arranged at an end of a flow passage P through which the evaporated fuel passes within the evaporated fuel treatment device  1 . The atmosphere port  4  is arranged at an end opposite to the end where the charge port  2  and the purge port  3  are arranged of the flow passage P. 
     The evaporated fuel treatment device  1  comprises a first adsorption chamber  10 , a second adsorption chamber  20 , and a third adsorption chamber  30 . These adsorption chambers are arranged in the order of the second adsorption chamber  20 , the first adsorption chamber  10 , and the third adsorption chamber  30  sequentially along the flow passage P from the side where the atmosphere port  4  is arranged. The second adsorption chamber  20  is provided with the above-described atmosphere port  4 . The third adsorption chamber  30  is provided with the above-described charge port  2  and purge port  3 . 
     The first adsorption chamber  10  and the third adsorption chamber  30  are connected to each other via the connecting passage  5 . When the evaporated fuel flows in from the fuel tank, the evaporated fuel that has flowed into the third adsorption chamber  30  changes the directions along the connecting passage  5 , thus flowing into the first adsorption chamber  10  so as to move in a direction opposite to an inflow direction C of the evaporated fuel flowing into the third adsorption chamber  30 . The first adsorption chamber  10  and the second adsorption chamber  20  are arranged serially along an inflow direction A of the evaporated fuel flowing into the first adsorption chamber  10 . An inflow direction B of the evaporated fuel flowing into the second adsorption chamber  20  is along the inflow direction A of the evaporated fuel flowing into the first adsorption chamber  10 . Accordingly, the flow passage P formed by the first adsorption chamber  10 , the second adsorption chamber  20 , the third adsorption chamber  30 , and the connecting passage  5  is substantially U-shaped. 
     The third adsorption chamber  30  is a main chamber having the largest volume of the three adsorption chambers. Arranged within the third adsorption chamber  30  is a third adsorption layer  31  that adsorbs the evaporated fuel. The third adsorption layer  31  is formed of an adsorbent packed. Examples of the adsorbent may include activated carbon. Examples of the activated carbon may include granular activated carbon, those formed into a honeycomb shape, and those formed with fibrous activated carbon into a sheet shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cylindroid shape, a polygonal columnar shape, or another shape. 
     The first adsorption chamber  10  and the second adsorption chamber  20  are each an auxiliary chamber having a smaller volume than the third adsorption chamber  30  as the main chamber. 
     Arranged within the first adsorption chamber  10  is a first adsorption layer  11  that adsorbs the evaporated fuel. Arranged within the second adsorption chamber  20  is a second adsorption layer  21  that adsorbs the evaporated fuel. The first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  21  are each formed of an adsorbent packed. Examples of the adsorbent may be similar to those listed as the adsorbent for the third adsorption layer  31 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the second adsorption chamber  20  comprises the above-described second adsorption layer  21 , a case  22 , a lid  23 , a case-side support  24 , a lid-side support  25 , and partition members  26  and  27 . 
     The case  22  is an outer frame forming the second adsorption chamber  20 . The case  22  is one piece with an outer frame forming the first adsorption chamber  10 . The lid  23  is configured to close an opening of the case  22 . The case  22  and the lid  23  are welded together. 
     The case-side support  24  is provided to stand upright from a bottom surface of the second adsorption chamber  20  if the side where the atmosphere port  4  is arranged is viewed as an upper side, and supports the second adsorption layer  21  via a partition member  26 . The partition member  26  is configured with a filter, a grid, or the like. The grid is a plate-shaped member containing holes (not shown) that serve as passages for the evaporated fuel. 
     The lid-side support  25  is provided to stand upright from the lid  23 , and supports the second adsorption layer  21  via a partition member  27 . The partition member  27  has a configuration similar to that of the partition member  26 . 
     The second adsorption chamber  20  includes therein a space  28  arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  21  in the flow passage P. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , the second adsorption layer  21  is arranged in the second adsorption chamber  20  such that the largest surface of the second adsorption layer  21  having a rectangular parallelepiped shape intersects with a flow direction E, specifically, substantially perpendicularly. The flow direction E is a direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer  11 . As shown in  FIG.  3   , a flow direction F 1  in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer  21  is along the flow direction E. A sectional area of the second adsorption layer  21  perpendicular to the flow direction F 1  is larger than a sectional area of the first adsorption layer  11  perpendicular to the flow direction E. 
     “Substantially perpendicularly” as used herein implies “not necessarily at right angles”. For example, the largest surface of the second adsorption layer  21  having the rectangular parallelepiped shape may be inclined at an angle of 5° or less with respect to a plane perpendicular to the flow direction E. The same applies hereafter. 
     In the second adsorption layer  21 , L/D, which is a ratio of a length L [mm] of the flow direction F 1  to an equivalent diameter D [mm] in a section perpendicular to the flow direction F 1 , is preferably 0.6 or less. The “equivalent diameter D in a section perpendicular to the flow direction F 1 ” means an average value, along the flow direction F 1 , of a diameter (D=(S/π) 1/2 ×2) of a perfect circle having the same area as a section S perpendicular to the flow direction F 1  in the second adsorption layer  21 . If the L/D is 0.6 or less, when air is taken in through the atmosphere port  4  to thereby desorb the evaporated fuel, the evaporated fuel adsorbed in the second adsorption chamber  20  flows completely toward the first adsorption chamber  10  in a short time. Thus, an amount of the evaporated fuel remaining within the second adsorption chamber  20  can be reduced. 
     [1-2. Effects] 
     The first embodiment as detailed above produces effects below. 
     (1a) Since the sectional area of the second adsorption layer  21  perpendicular to the flow direction F 1  is larger than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer  11  perpendicular to the flow direction E, a ventilation resistance of the evaporated fuel passing through the second adsorption layer  21  is reduced. Thus, a ventilation resistance in the entirety of the evaporated fuel treatment device  1  is reduced. 
     Further, since the evaporated fuel proceeding from the first adsorption layer  11  toward the second adsorption layer  21  diffuses so as to spread as shown in  FIG.  3   , it is possible to reduce the ventilation resistance in the evaporated fuel treatment device  1  while delaying release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere. Such delay in the release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere enables reduction of the evaporated fuel generated due to changes in outside temperature during long-term parking (i.e., reduction of diurnal breathing loss), even if the length along the flow direction F 1  is shorter. 
     (1b) The second adsorption chamber  20  includes therein the space  28  arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  21  in the flow passage P. This allows the evaporated fuel that has flowed into the second adsorption chamber  20  along the flow direction E to diffuse so as to spread perpendicularly to the flow direction E in the space  28 . Thus, the release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere can be delayed as compared with a case where the space  28  is not arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  21 . Especially, if the space  28  is located on a lower side within the second adsorption chamber  20  in a state where the evaporated fuel treatment device  1  is mounted in the vehicle, the evaporated fuel is more prone to stay within the space  28 , thus allowing for more delay in the release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere. 
     2. Second Embodiment 
     [1-1. Configuration] 
     Since a basic configuration of a second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, differences therebetween will be described below. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment indicate similar elements, and the preceding descriptions are to be referred to. 
     An evaporated fuel treatment device  100  shown in  FIG.  4    differs from the evaporated fuel treatment device  1  of the first embodiment in terms of flow of the evaporated fuel within a second adsorption chamber  40 . 
     A second adsorption layer  41  is arranged in the second adsorption chamber  40  such that the largest surface of the second adsorption layer  41  having a rectangular parallelepiped shape intersects with an alignment direction G 2 , specifically, substantially perpendicularly. The alignment direction G 2  is a direction in which the third adsorption chamber  30  is aligned with the first adsorption chamber  10  and the second adsorption chamber  40 . A flow direction F 2  in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer  41  intersects with the flow direction E, specifically, substantially perpendicularly, and concurrently is along the alignment direction G 2 . Similarly to the first embodiment, a sectional area of the second adsorption layer  41  perpendicular to the flow direction F 2  is larger than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer  11  perpendicular to the flow direction E. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the second adsorption chamber  40  comprises the second adsorption layer  41 , a case  42 , a lid  43 , a case-side support  44 , a lid-side support  45 , and partition members  46  and  47 . 
     The case  42  is an outer frame forming the second adsorption chamber  40 . The case  42  is one piece with the outer frame forming the first adsorption chamber  10 . The lid  43  is configured to close an opening of the case  42 . The case  42  and the lid  43  are welded together. 
     The case-side support  44  is provided to stand upright from a surface closer to the third adsorption chamber  30  in the second adsorption chamber  40 , and supports the second adsorption layer  41  via the partition member  46 . The partition member  46  has a configuration similar to that of the partition members  26  and  27  in the first embodiment. 
     The lid-side support  45  is provided to stand upright from the lid  43 , and supports the second adsorption layer  41  via the partition member  47 . The partition member  47  has a configuration similar to that of the partition members  26  and  27  in the first embodiment. 
     The second adsorption chamber  40  includes therein a space  48  arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  41  in the flow passage. A sectional area of the space  48  adjacent to a connection opening  49  open to the first adsorption chamber  10  is larger than an opening area of the connection opening  49 . The second adsorption layer  41  is arranged in a position not overlapping the connection opening  49  in the second adsorption chamber  40 . 
     [2-1. Effects] 
     The second embodiment as detailed above produces effects below in addition to the effect (1a) of the first embodiment. 
     The second adsorption chamber  40  includes therein the space  48  arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  41  in the flow passage. This allows the evaporated fuel to diffuse so as to spread deeper in the space  48  along a direction flowing into the second adsorption chamber  40 , thus making it possible to reduce the ventilation resistance in the evaporated fuel treatment device  100  while delaying release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere, as compared with a case where the space  48  is not arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  41 . Especially, if the space  48  is located on a lower side within the second adsorption chamber  40  in a state where the evaporated fuel treatment device  100  is mounted in the vehicle, the evaporated fuel is more prone to stay within the space  48 , thus allowing for more delay in the release of the evaporated fuel toward the atmosphere. 
     3. Third Embodiment 
     [3-1. Configuration] 
     Since a basic configuration of a third embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, differences therebetween will be described below. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment indicate similar elements, and the preceding descriptions are to be referred to. 
     An evaporated fuel treatment device  200  shown in  FIG.  6    differs from the evaporated fuel treatment device  1  of the first embodiment and from the evaporated fuel treatment device  100  of the second embodiment in terms of flow of the evaporated fuel within a second adsorption chamber  50 . 
     A second adsorption layer  51  is arranged in the second adsorption chamber  50  such that the largest surface of the second adsorption layer  51  having a rectangular parallelepiped shape is along the flow direction E and along an alignment direction G 3 , specifically, so as to be substantially parallel to each other. The alignment direction G 3  is a direction in which the third adsorption chamber  30  is aligned with the first adsorption chamber  10  and the second adsorption chamber  50 . A flow direction F 3  in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer  51  intersects with the flow direction E, specifically, substantially perpendicularly, and concurrently intersects with the alignment direction G 3 , specifically, substantially perpendicularly. Similarly to the first and second embodiments, a sectional area of the second adsorption layer  51  perpendicular to the flow direction F 3  is larger than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer  11  perpendicular to the flow direction E. 
     [3-2. Effects] 
     The third embodiment as detailed above produces effects similar to the effect (1a) of the first embodiment and to the effects of the second embodiment. 
     As illustrated in the above-described first to third embodiments, the sectional area of the second adsorption layer perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer is larger than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer. Such a configuration makes it easier to accommodate various layouts different in an orientation in which the atmosphere port extends. If the sectional area of the second adsorption layer perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer is smaller than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer, the second adsorption layer needs to have a relatively long length in the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer in order to secure a desired amount of adsorption. This results in considerable protrusion of the second adsorption chamber if the orientation in which the atmosphere port extends from the second adsorption chamber is to be changed from the orientation illustrated in the first embodiment to, for example, the orientation illustrated in the second embodiment or in the third embodiment. By contrast, the configuration in which the sectional area of the second adsorption layer perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer is larger than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer makes it possible to reduce a protrusion width of the second adsorption chamber. Thus, the evaporated fuel treatment device can be made more compact in various piping layouts different in the orientation in which the atmosphere port extends. Moreover, making the evaporated fuel treatment device more compact enables arrangement of peripheral components associated with the evaporated fuel treatment device, such as a component for leak check or a valve, in a saved space. 
     4. Fourth Embodiment 
     Since a basic configuration of a fourth embodiment is similar to that of the second embodiment, differences therebetween will be described below. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment indicate similar elements, and the preceding descriptions are to be referred to. 
     In an evaporated fuel treatment device  300  shown in  FIG.  7   , an inner case  62  forming a second adsorption chamber  60  is mounted inside an outer case  301  forming a part of an outer frame of the evaporated fuel treatment device  300 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  7   , similarly to the second embodiment, the second adsorption layer  61  is arranged in the second adsorption chamber  60  such that the largest surface of the second adsorption layer  61  having a rectangular parallelepiped shape intersects with an alignment direction G 4 , specifically, substantially perpendicularly. The alignment direction G 4  is a direction in which the third adsorption chamber  30  is aligned with the first adsorption chamber  10  and the second adsorption chamber  60 . A flow direction F 4  in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer  61  intersects with the flow direction E, specifically, substantially perpendicularly, and concurrently is along the alignment direction G 4 . Similarly to the first to third embodiments, a sectional area of the second adsorption layer  61  perpendicular to the flow direction F 4  is larger than the sectional area of the first adsorption layer  11  perpendicular to the flow direction E. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the second adsorption chamber  60  comprises the second adsorption layer  61 , the inner case  62 , and two partition members  63  and  64 . 
     The inner case  62  comprises a case body  65 , a lid  66 , a case-side support  67 , and a lid-side support  68 . The lid  66  is configured to close an opening of the case body  65 . The case body  65  and the lid  66  are welded together. 
     In the case body  65 , a slit  69  open toward the first adsorption chamber  10  is arranged in a side closer to the first adsorption chamber  10 . The slit  69  has a shape extending in a depth direction of  FIG.  8    (i.e., in a direction from the front side to the back side of the sheet of  FIG.  8   . 
     In the case body  65 , a slit  70  open toward the atmosphere port  4  is arranged in a side closer to the atmosphere port  4 . Similarly to the slit  69 , the slit  70  has a shape extending in the depth direction of  FIG.  8   . 
     The case-side support  67  is provided to stand upright from a bottom surface of the second adsorption chamber  60  when the side where the lid  66  is arranged is viewed as an upper side, and supports the second adsorption layer  61  via the partition member  63 . The lid-side support  68  is provided to stand upright from the lid  66 , and supports the second adsorption layer  61  via the partition member  64 . 
     The second adsorption chamber  60  includes therein a space  71  arranged between the first adsorption layer  11  and the second adsorption layer  61  in the flow passage. 
     [4-2. Effects] 
     The fourth embodiment as detailed above produces effects similar to the effect (1a) of the first embodiment and to the effects of the second embodiment. 
     In addition, the fourth embodiment makes it easier to diversely manufacture the evaporated fuel treatment device  300  based on a different specification without changing the design of the outer case  301  by appropriately manufacturing and mounting the inner case  62  forming the second adsorption chamber  60  having a different volume, etc. 
     5. Other Embodiments 
     Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described so far, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be implemented in various forms. 
     (5a) The method for supporting the second adsorption layer in the second adsorption chamber is not limited to that in the above-described embodiments. For example, as shown in  FIG.  9   , the second adsorption layer may be supported by a partition member  80  having a leg  80   a , instead of the case-side support  24  in the first embodiment. Further, as shown in  FIG.  10   , the second adsorption layer may be supported by a spring  81 , instead of the lid-side support  25  in the first embodiment. These also apply to the second to fourth embodiments. 
     (5b) In the above-described second and third embodiments, the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer is substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer. However, an angle at which the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the second adsorption layer intersects with the direction in which the evaporated fuel flows through the first adsorption layer is not limited to this. For example, the angle may be 15°, 45°, or another angle. 
     (5c) The shape of the second adsorption layer is not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped shape as illustrated in the above-described embodiments. For example, the shape of the second adsorption layer may be a circular cylindrical shape, a polygonal columnar shape, or another shape. In addition, the shape of the second adsorption chamber itself is also not limited in particular, and may be a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a circular cylindrical shape, a polygonal columnar shape, or another shape. 
     (5d) One or more functions of a single element in the above-described embodiments may be performed by two or more elements, and one or more functions of two or more elements may be performed by a single element. Part of a configuration in the above-described embodiments may be omitted. At least part of a configuration in the above-described embodiments may be added to or replace another configuration in the above-described embodiments.