Patent Publication Number: US-2016234834-A1

Title: System and Method for Transmitting Data in a Wireless LAN Multi-User Transmission Opportunity

Description:
This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/113,832, filed on Feb. 9, 2015, and entitled “System and Method for Wireless LAN Multi-User Transmission Opportunity”, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein as if reproduced in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to wireless communications, and, in particular embodiments, to systems and methods for transmitting data in a wireless local area network (LAN) multi-user (MU) transmission opportunity (TXOP). 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless local area networks (LANs) allow stations (STAs) to communicate with an access point (AP) by allocating time resources, commonly referred to as transmission opportunities (TXOPs). In conventional wireless LANs, TXOPs typically carry multiple frame transmissions from a wireless LAN AP to a single STA, or vice versa, and may be accessed using a distributed contention-based access scheme, such as a carrier-sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. To meet increasing demands, next generation wireless LANs will likely need to provide higher data rates to ever increasing numbers of STAs. 
     SUMMARY 
     Technical advantages are generally achieved by embodiments of this disclosure which describe a system and method for transmitting data in a wireless local area network (LAN) multi-user (MU) transmission opportunity (TXOP). 
     In accordance with an embodiment, a method for wireless communications is provided. The method communicates data over at least one frequency sub-band of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) data frame in a transmission opportunity (TXOP) of a wireless local area network (LAN) access point (AP). In one embodiment, the OFDMA data frame is a multi-user (MU) OFDMA data frame carrying data associated with a plurality of stations in respective frequency sub-bands. A device for performing this method is also described. 
     In one embodiment, the MU OFDMA data frame is a downlink MU OFDMA data frame. In one example, the method may communicate an acknowledgement (ACK) frame in the TXOP. The ACK frame carries an acknowledgment indication indicating whether data segments carried in the downlink MU OFDMA data frame were successfully received by the plurality of stations. In another example, the method may communicate an uplink MU OFDMA data frame in the TXOP following the downlink MU OFDMA data frame. The uplink MU OFDMA data frame carries data associated with a second plurality of stations in respective frequency sub-bands. The method may further communicate, in the TXOP, a downlink ACK frame indicating whether data segments in the uplink MU OFDMA data frame were successfully received, and communicate, in the TXOP, an uplink ACK frame indicating whether data segments in the downlink MU OFDMA data frame were successfully received. 
     In another embodiment, the MU OFDMA data frame is an uplink MU OFDMA data frame. In one example, the method communicates an acknowledgement (ACK) frame in the TXOP, and the ACK frame include an acknowledgment indication that indicates whether data segment carried in the uplink MU OFDMA data frame was successfully received by the AP. In another example, the method communicates a downlink OFDMA frame in the TXOP. The downlink OFDMA frame triggers the OFDMA data frame in the TXOP. In another example, the method communicates a downlink ACK frame in the TXOP. The downlink ACK frame triggers the OFDMA data frame in the TXOP. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment wireless network; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram of a first embodiment TXOP frame sequence; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a diagram of a second embodiment TXOP frame sequence; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a diagram of a third embodiment TXOP frame sequence; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a diagram of a fourth embodiment TXOP frame sequence; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart of a first embodiment method for communicating data in a TXOP; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a flowchart of a second embodiment method for communicating data in a TXOP; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a flowchart of a third embodiment method for communicating data in a TXOP; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a flowchart of a fourth embodiment method for communicating data in a TXOP; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment processing system; and 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment transceiver. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
     The making and using of embodiments of this disclosure are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the concepts disclosed herein can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts, and that the specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative and do not serve to limit the scope of the claims. Further, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. 
     Embodiments of the present invention transmit orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) frames in transmission opportunities (TXOPs) of a wireless local area network (LAN). The OFDMA frames may be downlink or uplink OFDMA data frames. In an embodiment, an OFDMA data frame is a multi-user (MU) OFDMA data frame carrying data associated with different stations (STAs) multiplexed over different frequency sub-bands. In some embodiments, multiple frames are communicated in the same TXOP between a STA and an AP. For example, a downlink OFDMA data frame may be communicated in the same TXOP as an uplink OFDMA data frame. Acknowledgement (ACK) frames may be communicated in a TXOP to acknowledge reception of an OFDMA data frame communicated in the TXOP. An ACK message may acknowledge receipt of a single frame, or may be a block ACK (BA) acknowledging receipt of multiple frames. 
     In some embodiments, a downlink frame in a TXOP may trigger transmission of an uplink OFDMA data frame in the TXOP. In such an embodiment, the downlink frame may carry resource allocation information corresponding to the uplink OFDMA data frame. In one example, an uplink OFDMA data frame may be triggered by a downlink OFDMA data frame, a downlink ACK frame, or a downlink trigger frame. The downlink trigger frame may be a frame structure that is recognized by a receiver, and that prompts or otherwise instructs the receiver to communicate an uplink frame. 
     In some embodiments, one or more sets of cascaded frames are transmitted in a TXOP. A cascaded set of frames includes a downlink frame that is followed by an uplink frame, or vice versa. In one example, a downlink OFDMA data frame, an uplink OFDMA data frame following the downlink OFDMA frame, a downlink ACK frame following the uplink OFDMA data frame, and an uplink ACK frame following the downlink ACK frame are communicated in the same TXOP. The downlink ACK frame acknowledges receipt of the uplink OFDMA frame, and the uplink ACK frame acknowledges receipt of the downlink OFDMA frame. These and other aspects are described in greater detail below. 
     Multi-user transmissions in a wireless LAN have been introduced as part of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification. In IEEE 802.11ac, multiple STAs are multiplexed in the spatial domain using MU multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technologies, and MU transmissions are described for a downlink transmission from an access point to multiple STAs. 
     With the introduction of OFDMA to a wireless LAN, data segments for multiple users may also be multiplexed in the frequency domain. Multiplexing in the frequency domain may be done independently of, or in addition to, multiplexing in the spatial domain. In addition, MU transmissions may also be transmitted in an uplink direction from multiple STAs to an AP, e.g., by use of the OFDMA technology. 
     A wireless LAN system may employ a distributed algorithm to access a wireless medium (WM) without a central coordinator. Conventionally, an interval of time during which a particular quality-of-service (QoS) STA has the right to initiate frame exchange sequences on a wireless medium in a wireless LAN is referred to as a transmission opportunity (TXOP). As such, a TXOP may be characterized by an owner, and an interval of time during which the owner initiates a frame exchange sequence. The owner of a TXOP may be determined based on a distributed contention mechanism. Conventionally, transmissions during a TXOP are mostly in one direction, that is, either primarily uplink (UL) transmissions or primarily downlink transmissions. A reverse direction grant (RDG) may allow a TXOP holder to transfer the right of control of a TXOP to another STA. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure describe an architectural solution that may be referred to as MU TXOP. MU TXOP may complement the types of MU transmissions currently being discussed in 802.11ax. In various embodiments, with MU transmissions and with the AP coordinating UL and DL transmissions, the AP is naturally the owner of the TXOP. In some embodiments, an MU TXOP is an interval of time where the AP schedules MU UL and MU DL transmissions as needed. An MU TXOP may be pre-scheduled for STAs so that the STAs obtain ownership of the MU TXOP as scheduled for transmissions. An MU TXOP may also be acquired using contention-based mechanisms where STAs contend for ownership of the MU TXOP. According to various embodiments, an MU TXOP includes one or more of the following transmission types as initiated by the AP: cascaded DL and UL frames, DL transmission, UL transmission triggered by a trigger frame, UL transmission triggered by an acknowledgment (ACK) frame where resource allocation for the UL transmission is indicated in the ACK frame PHY header or at the MAC level on the frame body, and ACK frames, either normal or block ACK (BA). 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a network  100  for communicating data. The network  100  comprises an access point  110  having a coverage area  101 , a plurality of mobile stations  120 , and a backhaul network  130 . As shown, the access point  110  establishes uplink (dashed line) and/or downlink (dotted line) connections with the mobile stations  120 , which serve to carry data from the mobile stations  120  to the access point  110  and vice-versa. Data carried over the uplink/downlink connections may include data communicated between the mobile stations  120 , as well as data communicated to/from a remote-end (not shown) by way of the backhaul network  130 . As used herein, the term “access point” refers to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as a Wi-Fi access point (AP), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a macro-cell, a femtocell, or other wirelessly enabled devices. Access points may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced (LTE-A), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n/ac, etc. As used herein, the term “mobile station” refers to any component (or collection of components) capable of establishing a wireless connection with an access point, such as a Wi-Fi mobile station (STA), a user equipment (UE), and other wirelessly enabled devices. In some embodiments, the network  100  may comprise various other wireless devices, such as relays, low power nodes, etc. 
     In a wireless LAN, an AP may communicate with multiple STAs over the same TXOP. A TXOP of a wireless LAN may be an interval of time where an AP schedules uplink and/or downlink transmissions. STAs may access resources of a TXOP dynamically using a contention-based access technique. Alternatively, resources of a TXOP may be assigned to STAs statically or semi-statically. 
     In some embodiments, one or more OFDMA frames are communicated over a TXOP.  FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment TXOP frame sequence  200 . As shown, the embodiment TXOP frame sequence  200  includes a downlink OFDMA data frame  202  and an uplink ACK frame  204  communicated in a TXOP. The downlink OFDMA data frame  202  may be an MU OFDMA data frame that carries data to different STAs over different frequency sub-bands. STAs receiving data in the downlink OFDMA data frame  202  may be referred to as recipient STAs of the downlink OFDMA data frame  202 . In one example, an AP assigns different frequency sub-bands to the different STAs, and transmits data segments in the downlink OFDMA data frame  202  to the STAs over the assigned frequency sub-bands. In such an example, a recipient STA may identify one or more frequency sub-bands assigned to the recipient station based on, for example, a preamble field of the downlink OFDMA data frame  202 , and then receive data segments over the assigned frequency sub-bands. In some embodiments, the downlink OFDMA data frame  202  also carries resource allocation information for one or more STAs that are scheduled for uplink transmissions. For example, the downlink OFDMA data frame  202  may carry the uplink resource allocation information in a signal (SIG) field, such as a high efficiency wireless LAN signal (HEW-SIG) field. The uplink ACK frame  204  may carry acknowledgment indications indicating whether data carried in the downlink OFDMA data frame  202  has been successfully received by one or more of the recipient STAs. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a diagram of another embodiment TXOP frame sequence  300 . As shown, the embodiment TXOP frame sequence  300  includes a downlink frame  302  followed by an uplink OFDMA data frame  304  communicated in a TXOP. The uplink OFDMA data frame  304  is triggered by the downlink frame  302 . The downlink frame  302  may include frequency resource allocation information for the uplink OFDMA data frame  304 . In one embodiment, the frequency resource allocation is carried in a SIG field, such as a HEW-SIG field, of the downlink frame  302 . The uplink OFDMA data frame  304  may include a preamble field, e.g., a legacy preamble, etc. In one example, the uplink OFDMA data frame  304  is an MU OFDMA data frame that carries data transmitted by different STAs over different frequency sub-bands. In such an example, an AP may assign the frequency sub-bands of the uplink OFDMA data frame  304  to the STAs by including resource allocation information in the downlink frame  302 . In one embodiment, multiple frequency sub-bands of the uplink OFDMA data frame  304  may be assigned to the same STA. 
     In one embodiment, the downlink frame  302  is a downlink MU OFDMA data frame. In another embodiment, the downlink frame  302  is a trigger frame that carries frequency resource allocation information for the uplink OFDMA data frame  304 , such as an ACK frame that does not confirm reception of a previous uplink data frame. In such an embodiment, the downlink frame  302  may only carry frequency resource allocation information for the uplink OFDMA data frame  304 . In yet another embodiment, the downlink frame  302  is an ACK frame acknowledging receipt of a previous uplink OFDMA data frame. The ACK frame may confirm whether or not a single data frame was successfully received. Alternatively, the ACK frame may be a block ACK frame acknowledging successful reception of multiple frames. The term “ACK frame” is used generally throughout this disclosure to refer to any message indicating whether or not one or more frames were successfully received, such as a positive acknowledgment message that confirms successful reception of one or more frames as well as a negative acknowledgement message that indicates one or more frames were not successfully received. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a diagram of another embodiment TXOP frame sequence  400 . As shown, the embodiment TXOP frame sequence  400  includes a downlink OFDMA data frame  402 , an uplink OFDMA data frame  404 , a downlink ACK frame  406 , and an uplink ACK frame  408 . The downlink OFDMA data frame  402  may be similar to the downlink OFDMA data frame  202  in  FIG. 2 , and the uplink OFDMA data frame  404  may be similar to the uplink OFDMA data frame  304  in  FIG. 3 . One or both of the downlink OFDMA data frame  402  and the uplink OFDMA data frame  404  may carry data associated with different STAs over different frequency sub-bands. STAs receiving data in the downlink OFDMA data frame  402  may not be the same STAs that transmit data in the uplink OFDMA data frame  404 . In some embodiments, the downlink OFDMA data frame  402  triggers the uplink OFDMA data frame  404 . In one embodiment, a TXOP frame sequence may include a number of cascaded downlink OFDMA data frames and uplink OFDMA data frames. 
     In some embodiments, ACK frames may be communicated in a TXOP to acknowledge receipt of earlier data frames in the TXOP. For example, the downlink ACK frame  406  includes acknowledgement indications indicating whether data segments in the uplink OFDMA data frame  404  were successfully received by the AP. Similarly, the uplink ACK frame  408  includes acknowledgement indications indicating whether data segments in the downlink OFDMA data frame  402  were successfully received by recipient STAs of the downlink OFDMA data frame  402 . The downlink ACK frame  406  and the uplink ACK frame  408  may each be a block ACK frame. Further, the downlink ACK frame  406  and the uplink ACK frame  408  may have an MU format, e.g., an MU OFDMA format, which includes acknowledgement indications associated with multiple different STAs. 
     In some embodiments, a wireless LAN TXOP frame sequence may include different combinations of downlink OFDMA data frames, uplink OFDMA data frames, and/or ACK frames. Various techniques may be used to allocate resources for uplink OFDMA data frames in a TXOP. In one example, uplink frequency resource assignments in an uplink data frame are carried in a downlink frame communicated in the TXOP. In another example, the uplink frequency resource assignments are a priori information of STAs. In such an example, the assignments may be hard coded in the STAs. Various techniques may also be used to acknowledge downlink or uplink data transmissions in a TXOP. For example, one or more ACK frames may be communicated in the TXOP to acknowledge receipt of downlink or uplink data frames in the TXOP. An ACK frame in the TXOP may be transmitted using a multi-user format, such as an MU OFDMA or an MU MIMO format, to include acknowledgement data segments associated with multiple STAs. As described above, downlink ACK frames may also carry resource allocation information for uplink data transmissions in the TXOP. 
     ACK frames transmitted in a TXOP may be any type of ACKs (e.g., including those defined in an IEEE 802.11 standard), including ACKs and block ACKs (BAs). An ACK acknowledges a single frame and may be transmitted a short inter-frame space (SIFS) after a successful reception of the single frame. A block ACK acknowledges multiple frames, e.g., multiple media access control (MAC) protocol data units (MPDUs) or aggregated-MPDUs (A-MPDUs), with a relationship established between an initiator and a responder for data transmissions. Block ACKs may be immediate block ACKs or delayed block ACKs. An immediate block ACK is typically transmitted by a recipient STA as soon as the recipient STA finishes processing the last frame referenced by the block ACK. The time required to process a frame after receiving the frame is commonly referred to as an SIFS of the frame. A delayed block ACK may be transmitted by a recipient STA after a delay period following an SIFS of the last frame referenced by the delayed block ACK. In some embodiments, the recipient STA transmits the delayed block ACK after a predefined period of time following the SIFS of the last frame referred to by the delayed block ACK. In other embodiments, the recipient STA transmits the delayed block ACK after receiving a block ACK request (BAR) from the STA that transmitted the frames referenced by the block ACK. ACKs referring to a single frame may also be transmitted immediately following an SIFS of a frame or after a delay period. 
     A combination of immediate and delayed ACKs may be used to support MU frame transmissions in a TXOP as indicated in the ACK Policy field of the MAC header. For example, after a group of recipient STAs receives an MU OFDMA frame, one or more of the recipient STAs may transmit an immediate ACK, and other STAs may transmit delayed ACKs, e.g., in response to a BAR. In some embodiments, the STAs transmitting the delayed ACKs are polled by the STA (e.g., an AP) that transmitted the MU OFDMA data frame. This may be achieved by transmitting BARs to different recipient STAs at different times. 
     In some embodiments, ACKs are used to acknowledge receipt of cascaded downlink and uplink frames in a TXOP.  FIG. 5  illustrates a diagram of an embodiment TXOP frame sequence  500 . As shown, the embodiment TXOP frame sequence  500  includes a downlink OFDMA data frame  512 , an uplink OFDMA data frame  522 , an immediate block ACK frame  514 , a BAR frame  516 , and a delayed block ACK frame  524 . The downlink OFDMA data frame  512  and the uplink OFDMA data frame  522  may be similar to the downlink OFDMA data frame  402  and the uplink OFDMA data frame  404 . The immediate block ACK frame  514  is communicated after an SIFS  523  of the uplink OFDMA data frame  522 , and acknowledges receipt of data segments carried by the uplink OFDMA data frame  522 . The BAR frame  516  triggers the delayed block ACK frame  524 . The delayed block ACK frame  524  is transmitted after an SIFS  517  of the BAR frame  516 , and acknowledges receipt of data segments carried by the downlink OFDMA data frame  512 . In one embodiment, the immediate block ACK frame  514 , the BAR frame  516  and the delayed block ACK frame  524  may have a multi-user format, such as an MU OFDMA, a MU MIMO, or a multi-BA format. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment method  600  for communicating a downlink OFDMA data frame in a TXOP, as may be performed by an AP. In this example, the downlink OFDMA data frame is an MU OFDMA data frame carrying data destined for different STAs over different frequency sub-bands. At step  610 , the AP assigns different frequency sub-bands of the downlink OFDMA data frame to the different STAs. In some embodiments, the frequency sub-bands are statically, or semi-statically, assigned to the STAs over multiple downlink OFDMA frames. In other embodiments, the frequency sub-bands are dynamically assigned to the STAs prior to the communication of each downlink OFDMA data frame. At step  620 , the AP transmits data segments to the STAs over the assigned frequency sub-bands of the downlink OFDMA data frame. In some embodiments, the AP receives an ACK frame in the TXOP, which includes acknowledgment indications indicating whether the data segments were successfully received by the STAs. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment method  700  for communicating an uplink OFDMA data frame in a TXOP, as may be performed by an AP. In this example, the uplink OFDMA data frame is an MU OFDMA data frame carrying data transmitted by different STAs over different frequency sub-bands. At step  710 , the AP assigns frequency sub-bands of the uplink OFDMA data frame to the different STAs. At step  720 , the AP transmits a downlink frame to trigger the uplink OFDMA data frame. The downlink frame may be a downlink ACK frame or a downlink data frame, and may be transmitted in the same TXOP as the uplink OFDMA frame or in a TXOP that precedes the TXOP in which the uplink OFDMA frame is communicated. The downlink frame may carry a SIG field to indicate which of the assigned frequency sub-bands are associated with the STAs. In one embodiment, the downlink frame is a block ACK frame that confirms whether data segments of a previous uplink OFDMA data frame were successfully received by the AP. In some embodiments, the uplink OFDMA data frame is not triggered by a downlink frame. In such embodiments, the step  720  is not performed. At step  730 , the AP receives data segments from the STAs over the assigned frequency sub-bands of the uplink OFDMA data frame. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment method  800  for communicating a set of frames in a TXOP between an AP and one or more STAs. At step  810 , the AP transmits, in the TXOP, a downlink OFDMA data frame to the STAs receiving the downlink OFDMA data frame. At step  820 , a group of STAs transmits an uplink OFDMA data frame to the AP in the TXOP. In this example, the downlink OFDMA data frame and the uplink OFDMA data frame are MU OFDMA frames carrying data associated with different STAs over different frequency sub-bands. At step  830 , the AP transmits, in the TXOP, a downlink ACK frame indicating whether data segments in the uplink OFDMA data frame were successfully received by the AP. At step  840 , the STAs receiving the downlink OFDMA data frame transmit, in the TXOP, an uplink ACK frame to the AP to indicate whether data segments in the downlink OFDMA data frame were successfully received by the recipient STAs. In one embodiment, the downlink ACK frame may be an immediate block ACK frame. In another embodiment, the AP communicates, in the TXOP, a BAR frame to request acknowledgement of receipt of the downlink OFDMA data frame. In such an example, the uplink ACK frame is a delayed block ACK frame. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment method  900  for communicating data in a TXOP between an AP and STAs. At step  910 , the STAs receive a downlink frame in the TXOP. The downlink frame may be a downlink OFDMA data frame or a downlink ACK frame, and may carry control information that assigns frequency sub-bands of an uplink OFDMA data frame to the STAs. In this example, the uplink OFDMA data frame is an MU OFDMA data frame carrying data transmitted by the STAs over different frequency sub-bands. At step  920 , the STAs communicate data over the assigned frequency sub-bands in the TXOP. In one embodiment, the downlink ACK frame may be a block ACK frame which confirms whether data segments of previous uplink OFDMA data frames were successfully received by the AP. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment processing system  1000  for performing methods described herein, which may be installed in a host device. As shown, the processing system  1000  includes a processor  1004 , a memory  1006 , and interfaces  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014 , which may (or may not) be arranged as shown in  FIG. 10 . The processor  1004  may be any component or collection of components adapted to perform computations and/or other processing related tasks, and the memory  1006  may be any component or collection of components adapted to store programming and/or instructions for execution by the processor  1004 . In an embodiment, the memory  1006  includes a non-transitory computer readable medium. The interfaces  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014  may be any component or collection of components that allow the processing system  1000  to communicate with other devices/components and/or a user. For example, one or more of the interfaces  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014  may be adapted to communicate data, control, or management messages from the processor  1004  to applications installed on the host device and/or a remote device. As another example, one or more of the interfaces  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014  may be adapted to allow a user or user device (e.g., personal computer (PC), etc.) to interact/communicate with the processing system  1000 . The processing system  1000  may include additional components not depicted in  FIG. 10 , such as long term storage (e.g., non-volatile memory, etc.). 
     In some embodiments, the processing system  1000  is included in a network device that is accessing, or part otherwise of, a telecommunications network. In one example, the processing system  1000  is in a network-side device in a wireless or wireline telecommunications network, such as an access point, a relay station, a scheduler, a controller, a gateway, a router, an applications server, or any other device in the telecommunications network. In other embodiments, the processing system  1000  is in a user-side device accessing a wireless or wireline telecommunications network, such as a STA, a user equipment (UE), a personal computer (PC), a tablet, a wearable communications device (e.g., a smartwatch, etc.), or any other device adapted to access a telecommunications network. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the interfaces  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014  connects the processing system  1000  to a transceiver adapted to transmit and receive signaling over the telecommunications network.  FIG. 11  illustrates a block diagram of a transceiver  1100  adapted to transmit and receive signaling over a telecommunications network. The transceiver  1100  may be installed in a host device. As shown, the transceiver  1100  comprises a network-side interface  1102 , a coupler  1104 , a transmitter  1106 , a receiver  1108 , a signal processor  1110 , and device-side interface(s)  1112 . The network-side interface  1102  may include any component or collection of components adapted to transmit or receive signaling over a wireless or wireline telecommunications network. The coupler  1104  may include any component or collection of components adapted to facilitate bi-directional communication over the network-side interface  1102 . The transmitter  1106  may include any component or collection of components (e.g., up-converter, power amplifier, etc.) adapted to convert a baseband signal into a modulated carrier signal suitable for transmission over the network-side interface  1102 . The receiver  1108  may include any component or collection of components (e.g., down-converter, low noise amplifier, etc.) adapted to convert a carrier signal received over the network-side interface  1102  into a baseband signal. The signal processor  1110  may include any component or collection of components adapted to convert a baseband signal into a data signal suitable for communication over the device-side interface(s)  1112 , or vice-versa. The device-side interface(s)  1112  may include any component or collection of components adapted to communicate data-signals between the signal processor  1110  and components within the host device (e.g., the processing system  1000 , local area network (LAN) ports, etc.). 
     Although the description has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments described herein, as one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from this disclosure that processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, may perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.