Patent Publication Number: US-11657551-B2

Title: System and method for visualizing data

Description:
REFERENCE TO PENDING PRIOR PATENT APPLICATION 
     This patent application is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/722,806, filed Dec. 20, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,295,490, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/800,651 filed May 7, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,559,104, which is a continuation patent application of U.S. Application No. 10,411,499 filed Apr. 10, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,951, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/371,466, filed Apr. 10, 2002, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to data visualization in general, and more particularly to systems and methods for visualizing data, and even more particularly to systems and methods for visualizing financial data. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A large number of investors are now trading in the securities markets. According to Business Week™, there are currently about 100 million individual investors in the United States alone. These individuals invest in the securities markets either on their own as individual traders or through a variety of brokers. According to The Tower Group™, there are currently about 675,000 registered brokers in the United States alone. These brokers work at about 5,500 different firms which staff almost 90,000 branch offices throughout the United States. 
     An enormous amount of financial information is now available to professional and individual investors, and the volume and availability of this information is growing at an explosive rate. By way of example, note the recent explosion of online financial information. Price quotes for almost any financial instrument (e.g., stocks, bonds, etc.) are now readily available from a wide variety of online sites. Furthermore, Morningstar™ now offers its mutual fund ratings online, and Yahoo™ allows an investor to review SEC filings, look at analysts&#39; stock recommendations, and learn how other markets around the world are performing. At the same time, traditional print publications such as The Wall Street Journal™ and The Financial Times™ are making more and more financial information available to the reader, and traditional broadcast media such as television and cable television are now providing 24-hour business programming. 
     The widespread availability of this enormous volume of often conflicting and confusing information often inhibits the ability of investors to comprehend and utilize the information efficiently. As a result, their confidence in what that information means frequently decreases almost in proportion to the rate at which the quantity of information grows. The sheer quantity of data obscures the correlation and interdependencies inherent in that data. For individual investors, the volume of data can be daunting. Even experienced traders, looking at dynamically changing assortments of numbers, tables, charts and graphs, are sometimes overwhelmed. This often leads to increased stress, eye fatigue and frustration. Under these conditions, even seasoned professionals sometimes fail to make critical decisions well and frequently resort to the oldest—and possibly the most unreliable—criteria of all, the “gut instinct”. 
     Thus there is a significant need for a more effective tool for mining the wealth of financial data currently available, extracting significant information therefrom, and presenting the same to the investor in visually compelling manner. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention comprises an improved system and method for visualizing data. In a preferred form of the invention, there is provided an improved system and method for comprehending and communicating financial data, and their complex interdependencies, through the use of a novel three dimensional orthogonal chart system. 
     In one preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least two data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis and the second data set is represented as a curtain propagating along the first axis. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least three data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis, the second data set is represented as a curtain propagating along the first axis, and the third data set is represented as a back plane propagating along the first ads. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least three data sets, wherein me data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis, the second data set is represented as a first curtain propagating along the first axis, and the third data set is represented as a stacked curtain propagating along the first axis. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least four data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis, the second and third data sets are represented as first and second stacked curtains propagating along the first axis, and the fourth data set is represented as a back plane propagating along the first axis, wherein the fourth data set may comprise a composite of the second and third data sets. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon propagating along a first axis, with the separate ribbons being displaced from one another along another axis. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon propagating along a first axis, with the separate ribbons being displaced from one another along another axis, and further wherein a moving cursor plane is configured for movement along the first axis. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon propagating along a first axis, with the separate ribbons being displaced from one another along a second axis, and with the angle of view being an overhead view in an orthographic projection. 
     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising the pricing, distribution, and trading activity for option contracts, including both calls and puts, with strike price being plotted along the first axis, option price (or some other data set) being plotted along the second axis, and expiration date being plotted along a third axis. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
       Objects and features of the present invention as discussed hereinabove will be more fully disclosed by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which are to be considered together with the accompanying drawings wherein like numbers refer to like parts and further wherein: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic illustration showing a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least two data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis and the second data set is represented as a curtain propagating along the first axis; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic illustration showing second embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least three data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis, the second data set is represented as a curtain propagating along the first axis, and the third data set is represented as a back plane propagating along the first axis; 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic illustration showing a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least four data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis, the second data set is represented as a first curtain propagating along the first axis, and the third and fourth data sets are represented as stacked curtains propagating along the first axis; 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic illustration showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising at least four data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon propagating along a first axis, the second and third data sets are represented as first and second stacked curtains propagating along the first axis, and the fourth data set is represented as a back plane propagating along the first axis, wherein the fourth data set comprises a composite of the second and third data sets; 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic illustration showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon propagating along a first axis, with the separate ribbons being displaced from one another along another axis; 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic illustration showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon propagating along a first axis, with the separate ribbons being displaced from one another along another axis, and further wherein a moving cursor plane is configured for movement along the first axis; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic illustration showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon propagating along a first axis, with the separate ribbons being displaced from one another along a second axis, and with the angle of view being an overhead view in an orthographic projection; and 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic illustration showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention, wherein there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system for visualizing data comprising the pricing, distribution, and trading activity for option contracts, including both calls and puts, with strike price being plotted along the first axis, option price (or some other data set) being plotted along the second axis, and expiration date being plotted along a third axis. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Overview 
     The present invention provides a unique system and method for visualizing financial information. More particularly, the present invention provides a unique visualization system for visualizing financial information relating to securities and other financial instruments such as, but not limited to, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, options, futures, indexes, derivatives, currency, Treasuries, money market funds and the like. 
     The financial information being visualized may be based on raw data obtained from a historical database and/or a live data feed, and/or it may be based on data derived from (e.g., calculated from) a historical database and/or a live data feed. 
     In order to create the desired visualization for the financial information, the axes of a three dimensional orthogonal coordinate system are first established based on attributes of the data. These attributes may be, but are not limited to, time, price, volume, yield, relative compound growth, relative portfolio value and/or other relevant metrics. The axes may be linear or non-linear, continuous or non-continuous (i.e., discrete), and/or contiguous or non-contiguous, as desired. For example, multiple, discrete date ranges of a single security may be displayed simultaneously within the same visualization. 
     By way of further example but not limitation, an axis may represent a finite, discrete domain, e.g., the strike prices of option contracts. 
     The data is then plotted into the chart in accordance with the present invention. 
     First Embodiment 
     Looking first at  FIG.  1   , in an preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  101  for visualizing data comprising at least two data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon  105  propagating along a first (i.e., X) axis  110 , and the second data set is represented as a curtain  115  propagating along the first axis  110 . Preferably ribbon  105  varies in height along a second (i.e., Y) axis  120 , while having a substantially fixed width as measured along the third (i.e., Z) axis  125 . Preferably curtain  115  has a height along the second (Y) axis  120  which is the same as the height of ribbon  105  at that point along the first (X) axis  110 , and a varying displacement along the third (Z) axis  125 . Alternatively, curtain  115  may have a height different than the height of ribbon  105 , e.g., it may be of a fixed height intersecting ribbon  105 . If desired, ribbon  105  and/or curtain  115  can be colored and/or variably shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). 
     In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  101  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  110 , and with price being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105  and volume being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by curtain  115 . With respect to ribbon  105 , it may also be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. With respect to curtain  115 , it may be shaded according to its variance from norm, and its opacity may vary in relation to its variance from norm. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  2   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  130  for visualizing data comprising at least three data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon  105  propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , the second data set is represented as a curtain  115  propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , and the third data set is represented as a back plane  135  propagating along the first (X) axis  110 . Again, ribbon  105  preferably varies in height along the second (Y) axis  120 , while having a substantially fixed width as measured along the third axis (Z) axis  125 . Preferably curtain  115  has a height along the second (Y) axis  1220  which is the same as the height of ribbon  105  at that point along the first (X) axis  110 , and a varying displacement along the third (Z) axis  125 . Alternatively, curtain  115  may have a height different than the height of ribbon  105 , e.g., it may be of a fixed height intersecting ribbon  105 . Preferably back plane  135  varies in height along the second (Y) axis  120 . If desired, ribbon  105 , curtain  115  and back plane  135  can be colored and/or variably shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  101  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  110 , and with price being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 , volume being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by curtain  115 , and standard deviation (i.e., σ) being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by back plane  135 . With respect to ribbon  105 , it may also be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. With respect to curtain  115 , it may be shaded according to its variance from norm, and its opacity may vary in relation to its variance from norm. 
     Third Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  3   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  137  for visualizing data comprising at least four data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon  105  propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , the second data set is represented as a first curtain  115  propagating along the first (Y) axis  110 , and the third and fourth data sets are represented as stacked curtains  140  and  145 , respectively, propagating along the first (X) axis  110 . 
     Again, ribbon  105  preferably varies in height along the second (Y) axis  120 , while having a substantially fixed width as measured along the third (Z) axis  125 . Preferably first curtain  115  has a height along the second (Y) axis  120  which is the same as the height of ribbon  105  at that point along the first (Y) axis  110 , and a varying displacement along the third (Z) axis  125 . Alternatively, curtain  115  may have a height different than the height of ribbon  105 , e.g., it may be of a fixed height intersecting ribbon  105 . 
     Preferably stacked curtains  140  and  145  have a substantially constant height along the second (Y) axis  120 , and a varying displacement along the third (Z) axis  125 . If desired, ribbon  105 , first curtain  115  and stacked curtains  140  and  145  can be colored and/or variably shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  137  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  110 , and with price being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 , volume being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by curtain  115 , moving average volume being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by stacked curtain  140  and stochastic (short term price velocity) being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by stacked curtain  145 . With respect to ribbon  105 , it may also be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. With respect to curtain  115 , it may be shaded according to its variance from norm, and its opacity may vary in relation to its variance from norm. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  4   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  150  for visualizing data comprising at least four data sets, wherein one data set is represented as a ribbon  105  propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , the second and third data sets are represented as first and second stacked curtains  140  and  145 , respectively, propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , and the fourth data set is represented as a back plane  135  propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , wherein the fourth data set comprises a composite of the second and third data sets. Alternatively, the fourth data set may comprise something other than a composite of the second and third data sets. Again, ribbon  105  preferably varies in height along the second (Y) axis  120 , while having a substantially fixed width as measured along the third (Z) axis  125 . 
     Preferably stacked curtains  140  and  145  have a substantially constant height along the second (Y) axis  120 , and a varying displacement along the third Z) axis  125 . If desired, ribbon  105  and stacked curtains  140  and  145  and back plane  135  can be colored and/or variably shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  150  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  110 , and with price being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 , stochastic (short term price velocity) being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by stacked curtain  140 , volume being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by stacked curtain  145 , and the composite of the stochastic and volume being plotted along the third (Z) axis  125  by back plane  135 . With respect to ribbon  105 , it may also be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. With respect to stacked curtains  140  and  145 , they may be shaded according to their variance from norm, and their opacity may vary in relation to their variance from norm. 
     Fifth Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  5   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  155  for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105   r , etc. propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , with the separate ribbons  105 A,  105   b ,  105   r , etc. being displaced from one another along the third (Z) axis  125 . Each ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. preferably varies in height along the second (Y) axis  120 , while having a substantially fixed width as measured along the third (Z) axis  125 . If desired, ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. can be colored and/or shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  155  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  110 , and with the performance for one stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 A, the performance for another stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 B, the performance for still another stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 C, etc. By way of example but not limitation, performance can be measured in terms of rate of return, value, relative value, relative value over time, etc. With respect to ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc, it may also be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. 
     Sixth Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  6   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  160  for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , with the separate ribbons  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. being displaced from one another along the third (Z) axis  125 , and a moving cursor plane  165  being configured for movement along the first (X) axis  110 . Each ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. preferably varies in height along the second (Y) axis  120 , while having a substantially fixed width as measured along the third (Z) axis  125 . The moving cursor plane  165  preferably extends parallel to the second and third axes  120  and  125 . If desired, ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. can be colored and/or variably shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  160  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  110 , and with the performance for one stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 A, the performance for another stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 B, the performance for still another stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 C, etc. Again, by way of example but not limitation, performance can be measured in terms of rate of return, value, relative value, relative value over time, etc. With respect to ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc., it may also be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. 
     Seventh Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  7   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  170  for visualizing data comprising a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets is represented as a separate ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. propagating along the first (X) axis  110 , with the separate ribbons  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. being displaced from one another along the third (Z) axis  125 , and with the angle of view being a overhead view in an orthographic projection. If desired, ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc. can be colored and/or variably shaded and/or of varying opacity and/or of varying material properties (e.g., texture, reflectivity, shininess, etc.) so as to communicate additional information (i.e., data sets). In one particularly preferred form of the invention, three dimensional orthogonal chart system  170  is utilized to chart stock transactions, with date being represented along the first (X) axis  11 , and with the performance for one stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 A, the performance for another stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 B, the performance for still another stock being plotted along the second (Y) axis  120  by ribbon  105 C, etc. 
     Again, by way of example but not limitation, performance can be measured in terms of rate of return, value, relative value, relative value over time, etc. With respect to ribbon  105 A,  105 B,  105 C, etc., it may be shaded according to its variance from norm and its width may be fixed but represent the maximum volume traded. 
     Eight Embodiment 
     Looking next at  FIG.  8   , in another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a three dimensional orthogonal chart system  175  for visualizing data comprising the pricing, distribution, and trading activity for option contracts, including both calls and puts. Individual option contracts may be represented by discrete objects  180  placed within the three dimensional chart system, where strike price may be plotted along the first (X) axis  110 , volume (or some other data set) may be plotted along the second (Y) axis  120 , and expiration date may be plotted along a third (Z) axis  125 . Different shapes may represent different data sets, (e.g., calls may be represented by rectangles, puts by cylinders, etc.). Furthermore, color, shading, opacity, etc. may represent additional data sets. By way of example but not limitation, other data sets may comprise implied volatility, historical volatility, intrinsic value, time value, etc. The various axes may comprise discrete and finite elements, e.g., strike price may only occur at selected values. 
     Implementation 
     The present invention can be implemented manually (e.g., with a pencil and paper) or, more preferably, it can be implemented with a computer system. 
     Computer Implementation—Overview. In a preferred computer implementation, the system is implemented in a software application running on a computer. The computer receives, collects and stores securities data which may be provided by one or more third-party, real-time data feeds, providing that data on both an as-requested and streamed basis to the computer. 
     Functional Components—The software is preferably divided into four functional components or stages: data receipt and collection, analysis, visualization, and interaction. 
     Data Collection—At this first stage, securities data is collected from one or more third-party data feed providers and stored. The computer obtains both historical and streamed data. In one preferred form of the invention, the computer can access both premium (i.e., for-payment access) and publicly available sources. 
     Analysis—In this second stage, a variety of user-selectable analytic methods may be applied to the data set. Existing financial analysis techniques (e.g., moving average, stochastic, etc.) are provided. Statistical elements derived in this stage are also available as data set inputs for the visualization stage. New technologies such as wavelet analysis for noise reduction are preferably also provided. 
     Visualization—In this third stage, the data sets are rendered in the manner previously described, using computer graphic techniques, so as to generate the aforementioned charts and thereby permit the user to more easily extract meaning from the data sets. 
     Interaction—In a preferred form of the invention, a sophisticated and intuitive user interface is provided, so as to enable the user to isolate, view, and compare a variety of different data sets. By way of example, the user interface permits the user to assign different data sets to different chart elements (e.g., price to ribbon, volume to curtain, etc.) and permits the user to move chart elements as appropriate (e.g., to move the moving cursor plane  160  shown in  FIG.  6   ). 
     Applications 
     The present invention is particularly well suited for application to financial data. However, it will also be appreciated that it may be applied to a wide range of other fields as well, e.g., the analysis of scientific data, network traffic analysis, etc. The present invention is particularly well suited to time series analysis. 
     Modifications 
     It will, of course, be appreciated that various modifications may be made to the preferred embodiments described above without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
     Thus, for example, the elements of one embodiment may be combined with elements of another embodiment without departing from the present invention. 
     By way of example but not limitation, additional visual elements (e.g., additional ribbons, curtains, stacked curtains, back planes, etc.) may be added to any of the charts to represent additional data sets. 
     Furthermore, the angle of view may be altered or adjusted for any of the charts. 
     Also, if desired, charts may be generated via a variety of projections, e.g., perspective (as in the majority of the charts discussed above), orthographic, isometric, elevation, etc. 
     These and other changes of their type are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.