Patent Publication Number: US-11649144-B2

Title: Self-maintaining crane system within a hostile environment

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/679,618 filed Nov. 11, 2019 which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/093,701 filed Oct. 15, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,562,742 issued Feb. 18, 2020, which is a National Phase of PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/064263 filed Dec. 1, 2017, all prior applications entitled Self-Maintaining Crane System within a Hostile Environment and hereby incorporated in their entirety herein by reference thereto. 
    
    
     GOVERNMENT SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
     None. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention generally relates to cranes and more particularly is concerned, for example, with improvements to a crane system for use within a hostile environment of a wastewater treatment facility whereby the improvements minimize detrimental effects to the crane induced by agents within the hostile environment. 
     2. Background 
     A typical wastewater treatment facility employs a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove biological and non-biological contaminants from influent so as to yield an environmentally safer effluent. 
     Wastewater treatment facilities are hostile and dangerous environments characterized by corrosion causing agents. Some agents, one example being chlorine, are used to treat influent before discharge as effluent. Other agents, one example being hydrogen sulfide, are generated by influent during processing. Chlorine, hydrogen sulfide gas, and even water, with or without waste, attack and degrade metals and non-metals within a waste treatment facility. Corrosion alone is responsible for billions of dollars of damage to equipment on a yearly basis within wastewater treatment facilities. 
     Cranes and the like are often used within wastewater treatment facilities to lift and move equipment during maintenance operations. While crane equipment typically include features which resist corrosion, prolonged exposure to wastewater, as well as the agents added thereto and released therefrom, over time will corrode wheels, beams, rails, rollers, bearings, motors, controls, electronics, and other critical components comprising crane systems. 
     Furthermore, the corrosion problem specific to cranes is even more acute because of the intermittent use of such equipment within a wastewater treatment facility. A typical crane system is idle for long periods of time between uses within an environment capable of impairing function thereof, either in part or whole, via corrosive means. 
     Accordingly, what is required are improvements to a crane system used within a hostile environment characterized by corrosive agents whereby the improvements minimize the detrimental effects of such agents to function and operability of the crane system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is to provide improvements to a crane system used within a hostile environment characterized by corrosive agents whereby the improvements minimize the detrimental effects of such agents to function and operability of the crane system. 
     The invention is a system and a method therefore applicable to a crane or lift generally comprising a bridge, a trolley and a hoist. The bridge is movable along a pair of runway rails. The trolley is movable along a pair of rails or a monorail in a direction generally perpendicular to travel by the bridge. The hoist extends and retracts a cable in a direction generally perpendicular to travel by both bridge and trolley. 
     The invention automatically exercises a crane system based on a fixed or adjustable time schedule or sensor data indicative of degradation so that the bridge, trolley, and hoist are powered thereafter causing the bridge to move along the runway rails, the trolley to move along the rail(s), and the hoist to lower and raise a cable. The exercise, sometimes referred to as cycling, is automatically initiated without user input thereby providing a crane system with self-maintenance functionality. 
     One purpose of the invention is to avoid the problems associated with occasional use of a crane system exposed to moisture or other corrosion/rust inducing environments by automatically exercising wheels, motors, controls, bearings, electronics, and other damage prone components. It is believed that movement by and between components, function of electronics, and heat generated by motors and between moving parts within the crane system prevent, arrest, impede, and/or remove corrosion as well as dust and moisture detrimental to function of a crane. 
     The system generally includes a pair of bridge sensors, a pair of trolley sensors, a pair of hoist sensors, optional alarm element(s), optional control element(s), optional computer, and other optional sensor(s). Sensor(s) and alarm element(s) communicate with the control module(s). The control module(s) communicates with control elements for the crane system. 
     In preferred embodiments, one sensor in each pair determines whether bridge, trolley, and cable within the hoist are in a home position so that the cycle may begin. If one or more sensors identify a non-home position, then alarm element(s) is/are activated so that a user may reposition the bridge, trolley and/or hoist to the proper home position(s). If the sensors identify all components are in a home position, then a cycle is initiated so that the bridge moves, the trolley moves, and the hoist lowers/raises a cable. The alarm elements are also activated during cycling so that persons nearby avoid contact with the crane system. After a cycle is complete, bridge, trolley, and hoist return to their respective stop or end positions corresponding to a home position. One sensor in each pair confirms return to an end position so that a timer or other component is reset for the next cycle and the system is depowered. 
     In some embodiments, a control module or other components of the system, may communicate with a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system) or Ethernet so that a computer may gather, store, and/or analyze real-time data from the crane system to document cycling and results thereof. This information may be used at least in part to determine, assess, or estimate condition and functionality of components within the crane system. 
     In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the self-maintaining crane system includes a wastewater treatment facility, a bridge, a trolley, a hoist, a pair of bridge sensors, a pair of trolley sensors, and a pair of hoist sensors. A hostile environment is disposed within the wastewater treatment facility. The bridge is movable along a pair of runway rails within the hostile environment. The trolley is movable along at least one rail between the runway rails. The hoist is disposed along the trolley. A cable is extendable from and retractable into the hoist. One bridge sensor determines whether the bridge is positioned at a bridge home position and another bridge sensor determines whether the bridge is positioned at a bridge end position. The bridge is movable away from the bridge home position and back toward the bridge end position after one bridge sensor determines the bridge is positioned at the bridge home position. One trolley sensor determines whether the trolley is positioned at a trolley home position and another trolley sensor determines whether the trolley is positioned at a trolley end position. The trolley is movable away from the trolley home position and back toward the trolley end position after one trolley sensor determines the trolley is positioned at the trolley home position. One hoist sensor determines whether the cable is positioned at a hoist home position and another hoist sensor determines whether the cable is positioned at a hoist end position. The cable is movable away from the hoist home position and back toward the hoist end position after one hoist sensor determines whether the cable is positioned at the hoist home position. The bridge, the trolley, or the cable are automatically moved to minimize functional impairment of the crane system by the hostile environment. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the hostile environment includes at least one corrosive agent. The corrosive agent is hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, or water. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the bridge is automatically movable only after one bridge sensor determines whether the bridge is at that bridge home position, one trolley sensor determines whether the trolley is at the trolley home position, and one hoist sensor determines whether the cable is at the hoist home position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the trolley is automatically movable only after one bridge sensor determines whether the bridge is at that bridge home position, one trolley sensor determines whether the trolley is at the trolley home position, and one hoist sensor determines whether the cable is at the hoist home position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the cable is automatically movable only after one bridge sensor determines whether the bridge is at that bridge home position, one trolley sensor determines whether the trolley is at the trolley home position, and one hoist sensor determines whether the cable is at the hoist home position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the pair of bridge sensors are fixed with respect to the bridge home position and the bridge end position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the pair of bridge sensors are movable with respect to the bridge home position and the bridge end position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the pair of trolley sensors are fixed with respect to the trolley home position and the trolley end position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the pair of trolley sensors are movable with respect to the trolley home position and the trolley end position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the pair of hoist sensors are fixed with respect to the hoist home position and the hoist end position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the pair of hoist sensors are movable with respect to the hoist home position and the hoist end position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the crane system further includes a control module communicable with the bridge sensors, the trolley sensors, and the hoist sensors so that the control module directs start and stop function of the bridge, the trolley, and the hoist. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the crane system further includes a computer that gathers data from at least one of the control module, the bridge sensors, the trolley sensors, and the hoist sensors. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the crane system further includes at least one alarm element activatable when one bridge sensor determines the bridge is not located at the bridge home position, one trolley sensor determines the trolley is not located at the trolley home position, or one hoist sensor determines the cable is not positioned at the hoist home position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the crane system further includes at least one secondary sensor which gathers data to assess impairment to the crane system by the hostile environment. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the bridge automatically twice traverses at least some length of the runway rails after moving away from the bridge home position and returning to the bridge end position, the trolley automatically twice traverses at least some length of at least one rail after moving away from the trolley home position and returning to the trolley end position, and at least some length of the cable is both extended from and retracted into the hoist. 
     In accordance with method embodiments of the invention, the self-maintaining crane system is automatically exercised within a hostile environment by moving a bridge away from a bridge home position and back toward a bridge end position, moving a trolley away from a trolley home position and back toward a trolley end position, moving a cable via a hoist away from a hoist home position and back toward a hoist end position, stopping the bridge when a second bridge sensor determines the bridge engages the bridge end position, stopping the trolley when a second trolley sensor determines the trolley engages the trolley end position, and stopping the hoist when a second hoist sensor determines the cable engages the hoist end position. The moving steps are implemented contingent on a parameter indicative of functional impairment to the crane system by the hostile environment. The moving steps are permitted only after a first bridge sensor determines the bridge engages the bridge home position, a first trolley sensor determines the trolley engages the trolley home position, and a first hoist sensor determines the cable engages the hoist home position. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the method further includes returning the bridge before the moving step to the bridge home position when the bridge does not initially engage the first bridge sensor, returning the trolley before the moving step to the trolley home position when the trolley does not initially engage the first trolley sensor, and returning the cable before the moving step to the hoist home position when the cable does not initially engage the first hoist sensor. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the method further includes activating an alarm element during at least one of the returning steps. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the method further includes communicating data from at least one of the bridge sensors, the trolley sensors, and the hoist sensors to a control module and implementing the moving steps and the stopping steps via the control module based on the data. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the method further includes communicating data from the control module to a computer. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the parameter is time elapsed after the bridge, the trolley, and the cable were last moved. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the parameter is indicative of corrosion measured by a secondary sensor. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the parameter is at least one of current, voltage, or resistance. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the parameter is humidity. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the parameter is temperature. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the parameter is concentration of a corrosive agent within the hostile environment. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, the hostile environment is within a wastewater treatment facility. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, one of the moving steps mechanically mitigates corrosion on the bridge, the trolley, or the hoist. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, one of the moving steps thermally mitigates at least one of corrosion or moisture on the bridge, the trolley, or the hoist. 
     Several advantages of the invention include, but are not limited to, the following. The invention automates maintenance of a crane within a wastewater treatment facility. The invention tailors the interval over which a crane sits idle to conditions within a hostile environment thereby reducing the cumulative degradation to a crane caused by agents within a wastewater treatment facility or other environments. The invention utilizes functionality of a crane to reduce rust and other detrimental effects that a corrosive environment may cause to the crane when not in use. 
     The above and other objectives, features, and advantages of the preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate the same or similar elements. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Additional aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will be understood and will become more readily apparent when the invention is considered in the light of the following description made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view illustrating an example crane system wherein sensor pairs are disposed along each of a bridge, a trolley, and a hoist to enable automated movement thereof so as to avoid corrosion and other detrimental effects to the crane system by a hostile environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  2   a    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a bridge with trolley and hoist thereon movable along a runway rail with a pair of bridge sensors attached to the crane adjacent to the runway rail so as to allow the bridge to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are fixed at the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  2   b    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a bridge with trolley and hoist thereon movable along a runway rail with a pair of bridge sensors attached to the runway rail so as to allow the bridge to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are fixed at the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  2   c    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a bridge with trolley and hoist thereon movable along a runway rail with a pair of bridge sensors attached to the bridge so as to allow the bridge to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are movable with respect to the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  3   a    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a trolley with hoist thereon movable along a rail with a pair of trolley sensors attached to the crane adjacent to the rail so as to allow the trolley to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are fixed at the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  3   b    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a trolley with hoist thereon movable along a rail with a pair of trolley sensors attached to the rail so as to allow the trolley to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are fixed at the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  3   c    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a trolley with hoist thereon movable along a rail with a pair of trolley sensors attached to the trolley so as to allow the trolley to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are movable with respect to the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  4   a    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a hoist including extendable/retractable cable movable with a trolley with a pair of hoist sensors attached to the hoist so as to allow a cable to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are fixed at the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  4   b    is a schematic cross-section view illustrating a hoist including extendable/retractable cable movable with a trolley with a pair of hoist sensors attached to the hoist so as to allow the cable to engage one sensor corresponding to a home position and another sensor corresponding to an end position whereby the sensors are movable with respect to the home and end positions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  5   a    is an enlarged perspective view illustrating arrangement between a motor driven bridge wheel and a runway rail in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  5   b    is an enlarged schematic view illustrating contact between the motor driven bridge wheel and the runway rail of  FIG.  5     a.    
         FIG.  6   a    is an enlarged perspective view illustrating engagement between a motor driven trolley wheel and a rail in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  6   b    is an enlarged schematic view illustrating contact between the motor driven trolley wheel and the rail of  FIG.  6     a.    
         FIG.  7    is a plan view illustrating a controller for the crane system with a switch including a MANUAL mode whereby buttons on the controller enable control of bridge, trolley, and hoist and an AUTOMATIC mode whereby a control module and sensors control functionality of bridge, trolley, and hoist in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG.  8    is a block diagram illustrating connectivity for manual control of a crane system with bridge, trolley, and hoist via a controller or automated control of the crane system with bridge, trolley, and hoist via a control module based on sensor information in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. The drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale. 
     While features of various embodiments are separately described herein, it is understood that such features may be combinable to form other additional embodiments. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  1   , the crane system  1  generally includes a bridge  4 , a trolley  6 , and a hoist  8  disposed within a hostile environment  2 . The hostile environment  2  may be situated within and exposed to the atmosphere or may reside within an enclosure, one example of the latter being a building. By way of example, the hostile environment  2  may reside within a wastewater treatment facility which requires a crane system  1  to operate within surroundings detrimental to the mechanical and/or electrical operability of the crane system  1 . The hostile environment  2  may be formed by solid(s), liquid(s), and/or gas(es) capable of degrading or compromising function of the crane system  1  via, by way of example only, corrosion, dust, sand, powder, chemicals, petro, or moisture whereby a coating is either formed or deposited which degrades mechanical and/or electrical performance critical to operability. The hostile environment  2  may also be specific to an application such as, by way of example only, marine or outdoor. Degradation may be caused by one or more agents residing within the hostile environment  2 . Example agents include, but are not limited to, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, and water. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the bridge  4  is movable along a pair of runway rails  5 , the latter being spaced and parallel. The bridge  4  may include a pair of end trucks  39  separately fixed at opposite ends of at least one rail  7 . Each end truck  39  may further include a pair of bridge wheels  30  which engage a runway rail  5  thereby allowing the end truck  39  to move along the runway rail  5 . Each end truck  39  is shaped to engage a runway rail  5  so that the bridge  4  is movable along a preferred direction aligned with the length of the runway rail  5 . A mechanical stop  37   a ,  37   b  or the like may be separately attached at each end of each runway rail  5  so as to restrict movement by the bridge  4  to the runway rails  5 , as illustrated in  FIGS.  2   a   - 2   c.    
     In some applications, a pair of rails  7  may be required to support the trolley  6  with hoist  8 . In other applications, a single rail  7  or monorail arrangement may be sufficient so that the trolley  6  and hoist  8  are movable with respect to the bridge  4 . While specific reference is made to rails  7  throughout the description, it is understood that the invention may also include embodiments with one only rail  7 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the trolley  6  is movable along the rail(s)  7 , the latter being separately spaced and parallel. The trolley  6  may include at least one trolley frame  40 . In some embodiments, a pair of trolley frames  40  are separately fixed at opposite ends of a cross member  46 . A hoist  8  is attached to the cross member  46  and/or at least one trolley frame  40 . Each trolley frame  40  may further include a pair of trolley wheels  35  which engage a rail  7  thereby allowing the trolley frame  40  to move along the rail  7 . Each trolley frame  40  is shaped to engage a rail  7  so that the trolley  6  is movable along a preferred direction aligned with the length of the rails  7 . This arrangement requires the trolley  6  to be movable generally perpendicular to both the runway rails  5  and the movable direction of the bridge  4 . A mechanical stop  41   a ,  41   b  or the like may be separately attached at each end of each rail  7  so as to restrict movement by the trolley  6  to the span of the rails  7 . In other embodiments, the trolley  6  may ride along a lower flange of a single rail  7 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the hoist  8  includes means understood in the art, such as a motor driven shaft or spool, that facilitate extension and retraction of a cable  9  in a direction generally perpendicular to preferred directions of travel by both the bridge  4  and the trolley  6 . The cable  9  is understood to include, by way of example, cables, chains, straps, and the like capable of supporting an item when raised and lowered. A block  26  is secured to the cable  9  so as to move away from the crane system  1  when the cable  9  is extended and to move toward the crane system  1  when the cable  9  is retracted. The block  26  may include a hook or the like facilitating lift functionality of the crane system  1 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the crane system  1  may further include a controller  27  tethered thereto via a cable  28 . The controller  27  facilitates manual control of the crane system  1  as required for maintenance operations within the hostile environment  2  or to reposition bridge  4 , trolley  6 , or cable  9  before an automatic cycling of the crane system  1 . The controller  27  may also facilitate selection of automated features of the invention. 
     While specific reference is made in  FIG.  1    to a top running bridge  4  with a top running trolley  6 , it is understood that the invention is also applicable to other crane designs known within the art including, but not limited to, cranes wherein a bridge  4  and/or a trolley  6  are underhung. Other non-limiting examples include jibs, gantries, davits, winches, and monorails. Therefore, the crane system  1  in  FIG.  1    is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the claimed invention to any one particular design or type of crane system  1 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  2   a - 2   c   , three non-limiting example embodiments of the invention are illustrated for the bridge  4 . The bridge  4  is movable along each runway rail  5  via the bridge wheels  30 . The trolley  6  contacts the rails  7  at the top end of the bridge  4  and moves with the bridge  4 . Travel by the bridge  4  along the runway rails  5  may be limited by the crane structure or other features, one example of the latter being mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b . The mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b  can be elements directly attached or fixed to the crane system  1 , such as to the runway rail  5  as illustrated in  FIGS.  2   a - 2   c   , or secured adjacent to the crane system  1  so as to properly engage the bridge  4  thereby preventing the bridge  4  from rolling off the end of the runway rails  5 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2   a   , a pair of bridge sensors  10  are secured to the crane structure. The crane structure could be the mechanical stop  37   a  at one end of one runway rail  5 , however attachment to another part of the crane system  1  is possible. The bridge sensors  10  are separately secured to the mechanical stop  37   a  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One bridge sensor  10  is configured to determine whether the bridge  4  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the bridge home position  11 . Another bridge sensor  10  is configured to determine whether the bridge  4  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the bridge end position  12 . The bridge sensors  10  are positioned so that the bridge home position  11  and the bridge end position  12  are co-located enabling the bridge  4  to simultaneously engage both bridge sensors  10 . The fixed arrangement between bridge sensors  10  and mechanical stop  37   a  also fixes the bridge sensors  10  with respect to the bridge home position  11  and the bridge end position  12 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  2   a   , the arrangement of mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b  and bridge sensors  10  with respect to the runway rail  5  enables the bridge  4  to move between the mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b  so that at least some portion of each runway rail  5  is twice traversed by the bridge  4 . The bridge  4  is movable away the bridge sensor  10  corresponding to the bridge home position  11  and toward the second mechanical stop  37   b  after the start bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  is positioned at the bridge home position  11 . The bridge  4  then traverses the runway rail  5  until it reaches the second mechanical stop  37   b  with or without contact therebetween. Thereafter, the bridge  4  is redirected to move away from the second mechanical stop  37   b  and toward the first mechanical stop  37   a . The bridge  4  stops moving when the stop bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  engages the bridge end position  12 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2   b   , a pair of bridge sensors  10  are secured to the crane structure, another non-limiting example being the runway rail  5  adjacent to the second mechanical stop  37   b . However, it is understood that bridge sensors  10  could be secured at other locations along the runway rail  5 . The bridge sensors  10  are separately secured to the runway rail  5  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One bridge sensor  10  is configured to determine whether the bridge  4  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the bridge home position  11 . Another bridge sensor  10  is configured to determine whether the bridge  4  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the bridge end position  12 . The bridge sensors  10  are positioned so that the bridge home position  11  and the bridge end position  12  are co-located enabling the bridge  4  to simultaneously engage both bridge sensors  10 . The fixed arrangement between bridge sensors  10  and runway rail  5  also fixes the bridge sensors  10  with respect to the bridge home position  11  and the bridge end position  12 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  2   b   , the arrangement of bridge sensors  10  with respect to the runway rail  5  enables the bridge  4  to move between the mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b  so that at least some portion of each runway rail  5  is twice traversed by the bridge  4 . The bridge  4  is movable away the bridge sensor  10  corresponding to the bridge home position  11  and toward the first mechanical stop  37   a  after the start bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  is positioned at the bridge home position  11 . The bridge  4  then traverses the runway rail  5  until it reaches the first mechanical stop  37   a  with or without contact therebetween. Thereafter, the bridge  4  is redirected to move away from the first mechanical stop  37   a  and toward the second mechanical stop  37   b . The bridge  4  stops moving when the stop bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  engages the bridge end position  12 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2   c   , a pair of bridge sensors  10  are secured to the bridge  4 , one non-limiting example being a side of the bridge  4  in the direction of the first mechanical stop  37   a  although other locations are possible. The bridge sensors  10  are separately secured to the bridge  4  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One bridge sensor  10  is configured to determine whether the bridge  4  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the bridge home position  11 . Another bridge sensor  10  is configured to determine whether the bridge  4  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the bridge end position  12 . In this embodiment, the bridge home position  11  and the bridge end position  12  are co-located at the first mechanical stop  37   a  whereas both bridge sensors  10  are co-located on the bridge  4 . The bifurcation of the physical location of the bridge sensors  10  from the physical location of the bridge home and end positions  11 ,  12  permits the bridge sensors  10  to move with respect to the start and stop positions. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  2   c   , the arrangement of mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b  and the movable bridge sensors  10  enables the bridge  4  to move between the mechanical stops  37   a ,  37   b  so that at least some portion of each runway rail  5  is twice traversed by the bridge  4 . The bridge  4  is movable away the bridge home position  11  and toward the second mechanical stop  37   b  when the start bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  engages the bridge home position  11 . The bridge  4  then traverses the runway rail  5  until it reaches the second mechanical stop  37   b  with or without contact therebetween. Thereafter, the bridge  4  is redirected to move away from the second mechanical stop  37   b  and toward the first mechanical stop  37   a . The bridge  4  stops moving when the stop bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  engages the bridge end position  12 . 
     The bridge sensors  10  may include one or more sensor types capable of detecting the position of the bridge  4  with respect to the bridge home position  11  and the bridge end position  12 . In some embodiments, one or more bridge sensors  10  can be a proximity-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, capacitive, Doppler, eddy-current, inductive, magnetic, radar, sonar, or ultrasonic. In other embodiments, one or more bridge sensors  10  can be an optical-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, heat, visible light, or invisible light. In yet other embodiments, one or more bridge sensors  10  can be a contact-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, force, pressure, vibration, or acceleration. 
     Redirection of or reversal to the direction of travel by the bridge  4  adjacent to a non-stop interface, examples of the latter being the mechanical stop  37   b  in  FIGS.  2   a  and  2   c    and the mechanical stop  37   a  in  FIG.  2   b   , may be implemented without or with sensor(s)  3 . For example, the bridge  4  may be permitted to move along the runway rails  5  in a first direction for a predetermined time period implemented via a timer circuit based on a velocity for the bridge  4  and then permitted to move along the same runway rails  5  in a second direction for another predetermined time period based on a velocity for the bridge  4  in the opposite direction. The velocities and time periods may be the same or different for the opposed directions of travel. In another example, a sensor  3  may be attached to either the bridge  4  or an element of the crane, examples of the latter being the mechanical stop  37   a ,  37   b  or the runway rail  5 , to determine arrival via contact or non-contact means at a non-stop interface after which the direction of travel is reversed. In yet another example, a pair of sensors  3  separately attached to the bridge  4  and a non-stop interface may determine arrival via contact or non-contact means at the non-stop interface after which the direction of travel is reversed. In the latter embodiments, one sensor  3  may communicate with the other sensor  3  to implement redirection or reversal to the direction of travel when appropriate. Sensor(s)  3  may include one or more of the device types suitable for the bridge sensors  10  or other suitable device(s). In alternate embodiments, a second pair of bridge sensors  10  could be mechanically fastened to another mechanical stop  37   a ,  37   b  or another side of the bridge  4  so that the bridge  4  is disposed between the dual pairs of bridge sensors  10  thereby allowing one set of bridge sensors  10  to control travel in a first direction and another set of bridge sensors  10  to control travel in a second direction. Each set of bridge sensors  10  may include two sensors  10  on the same side or opposite sides. 
     In preferred embodiments, the bridge  4  is automatically movable only after one bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  is at the bridge home position  11 , one trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  is at the trolley home position  14 , and one hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  is at the hoist home position  17 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   , three non-limiting example embodiments are illustrated for the trolley  6 . The trolley  6  is movable along each rail  7  via the trolley wheels  35 . The hoist  8  contacts the trolley  6  and moves with the trolley  6 . Travel by the trolley  6  along the rail(s)  7  may be limited by the crane structure or other features, one example of the latter being mechanical stops  41   a ,  41   b . The mechanical stops  41   a ,  41   b  can be elements directly attached or fixed to the crane system  1 , such as to the rails  7  as illustrated in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   , or secured adjacent to the crane system  1  so as to properly engage the trolley  6  thereby preventing the trolley  6  from rolling off the end of the rails  7 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  3   a   , a pair of trolley sensors  13  are secured to the crane structure for example to the mechanical stop  41   a  at one end of one rail  7 , however attachment to another part of the crane system  1  is possible. The trolley sensors  13  are separately secured to the mechanical stop  41   a  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One trolley sensor  13  is configured to determine whether the trolley  6  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the trolley home position  14 . Another trolley sensor  13  is configured to determine whether the trolley  6  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the trolley end position  15 . The trolley sensors  13  are positioned so that the trolley home position  14  and the trolley end position  15  are co-located enabling the trolley  6  to simultaneously engage both trolley sensors  13 . The fixed arrangement between trolley sensors  13  and mechanical stop  41   a  also fixes the trolley sensors  13  with respect to the trolley home position  14  and the trolley end position  15 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  3   a   , the arrangement of mechanical stops  41   a ,  41   b  and trolley sensors  13  with respect to the rail  7  enables the trolley  6  to move between the mechanical stops  41   a ,  41   b  so that at least some portion of each rail  7  is twice traversed by the trolley  6 . The trolley  6  is movable away the trolley sensor  13  corresponding to the trolley home position  14  and toward the second mechanical stop  41   b  after the start trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  engages the trolley home position  14 . The trolley  6  then traverses the rail  7  until it reaches the second mechanical stop  41   b  with or without contact therebetween. Thereafter, the trolley  6  is redirected to move away from the second mechanical stop  41   b  and toward the first mechanical stop  41   a . The trolley  6  stops moving when the stop trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  engages the trolley end position  15 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  3   b   , a pair of trolley sensors  13  are secured to the crane structure, another non-limiting example being a rail  7  adjacent to the second mechanical stop  41   b . It is understood that trolley sensors  13  could be secured at other locations along the rail  7 . The trolley sensors  13  are separately secured to the rail  7  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One trolley sensor  13  is configured to determine whether the trolley  6  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the trolley home position  14 . Another trolley sensor  13  is configured to determine whether the trolley  6  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the trolley end position  15 . The trolley sensors  13  are positioned so that the trolley home position  14  and the trolley end position  15  are co-located enabling the trolley  6  to simultaneously engage both trolley sensors  13 . The fixed arrangement between trolley sensors  13  and rail  7  also fixes the trolley sensors  13  with respect to the trolley home position  14  and the trolley end position  15 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  3   b   , the arrangement of trolley sensors  13  with respect to the rail  7  enables the trolley  6  to move between the mechanical stops  41   a ,  41   b  so that at least some portion of each rail  7  is twice traversed by the trolley  6 . The trolley  6  is movable away the trolley sensor  13  corresponding to the trolley home position  14  and toward the first mechanical stop  41   a  when the start trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  is positioned at the trolley home position  14 . The trolley  6  then traverses the rail  7  until it reaches the first mechanical stop  41   a  with or without contact therebetween. Thereafter, the trolley  6  is redirected to move away from the first mechanical stop  41   a  and toward the second mechanical stop  41   b . The trolley  6  stops moving when the stop trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  is positioned at the trolley end position  15 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  3   c   , a pair of trolley sensors  13  are secured to the trolley  6  for example to a side in the direction of the first mechanical stop  41   a , although other locations are possible. The trolley sensors  13  are separately secured to the trolley  6  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One trolley sensor  13  is configured to determine whether the trolley  6  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the trolley home position  14 . Another trolley sensor  13  is configured to determine whether the trolley  6  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the trolley end position  14 . In this embodiment, the trolley home position  14  and the trolley end position  15  are co-located at the first mechanical stop  41   a  whereas both trolley sensors  13  are co-located on the trolley  6 . The bifurcation of the physical location of the trolley sensors  13  from the physical location of the trolley home and end positions  14 ,  15  permits the trolley sensors  13  to move with respect to the start and stop positions. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  3   c   , the arrangement of mechanical stops  41   a ,  14   b  and the movable trolley sensors  13  enables the trolley  6  to move between the mechanical stops  41   a ,  41   b  so that at least some portion of each rail  7  is twice traversed by the trolley  6 . The trolley  6  is movable away the trolley home position  14  and toward the second mechanical stop  41   b  when the start trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  engages the trolley home position  14 . The trolley  6  then traverses the rail  7  until it reaches the second mechanical stop  41   b  with or without contact therebetween. Thereafter, the trolley  6  is redirected to move away from the second mechanical stop  41   b  and toward the first mechanical stop  41   a . The trolley  6  stops moving when the stop trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  engages the trolley end position  15 . 
     The trolley sensors  13  may include one or more sensor types capable of detecting the position of the trolley  6  with respect to the trolley home position  14  and the trolley end position  15 . In some embodiments, one or more trolley sensors  13  can be a proximity-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, capacitive, Doppler, eddy-current, inductive, magnetic, radar, sonar, or ultrasonic. In other embodiments, one or more trolley sensors  13  can be an optical-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, heat, visible light, or invisible light. In yet other embodiments, one or more trolley sensors  13  can be a contact-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, force, pressure, vibration, or acceleration. 
     Redirection of or reversal to the direction of travel by the trolley  6  adjacent to a non-stop interface, examples of the latter being the mechanical stop  41   b  in  FIGS.  3   a  and  3   c    and the mechanical stop  41   a  in  FIG.  3   b   , may be implemented without or with sensor(s)  19 . For example, the trolley  6  may be permitted to move along the rails  7  in a first direction for a predetermined time period implemented via a timer circuit based on a velocity for the trolley  6  and then permitted to move along the same rails  7  in a second direction for another predetermined time period based on a velocity for the trolley  6  in the opposite direction. The velocities and time periods may be the same or different for the opposed directions of travel. In another example, a sensor  19  may be attached to either the trolley  6  or an element of the crane, examples of the latter being the mechanical stop  41   a ,  41   b  or the rail  7 , to determine arrival via contact or non-contact means at a non-stop interface after which the direction of travel is reversed. In yet another example, a pair of sensors  19  separately attached to the trolley  6  and a non-stop interface may determine arrival via contact or non-contact means at the non-stop interface after which the direction of travel is reversed. In the latter embodiments, one sensor  19  may communicate with the other sensor  19  to implement redirection or reversal to the direction of travel when appropriate. Sensor(s)  19  may include one or more of the device types suitable for the trolley sensors  13  or other suitable device(s). In alternate embodiments, a second pair of trolley sensors  13  could be mechanically fastened to another mechanical stop  41   a ,  41   b  or another side of the trolley  6  so that the trolley  6  is disposed between the dual pairs of trolley sensors  13  thereby allowing one set of trolley sensors  13  to control travel in a first direction and another set of trolley sensors  13  to control travel in a second direction. Each set of trolley sensors  13  may include two sensors  13  on the same side or opposite sides. 
     In preferred embodiments, the trolley  6  is automatically movable only after one bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  is at the bridge home position  11 , one trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  is at the trolley home position  14 , and one hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  is at the hoist home position  17 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS.  4   a  and  4   b   , two non-limiting example embodiments are illustrated for the hoist  8  with movable cable  9 . The cable  9  may include a block  26 . While specific reference is made throughout to engagement or general detection of the cable  9  by hoist sensors  16 , it is understood that the hoist sensors  16  could be configured to detect a specific portion of the cable  9  and/or the block  26 . The cable  9  is movable via the hoist  8  so as to extend the cable  9  toward ground level  45  and retract the cable  9  away from ground level  45 . In preferred embodiments, the cable  9  is disposed between and movable with respect to the rails  7 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  4   a   , a pair of hoist sensors  16  are separately secured to the crane structure via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. The crane structure could be the trolley  6 , the hoist  8 , or other suitable element on or adjacent to the crane structure. One hoist sensor  16  is configured to determine whether the cable  9  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the hoist home position  17 . Another hoist sensor  16  is configured to determine whether the cable  9  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the hoist end position  18 . The hoist sensors  16  are positioned so that the hoist home position  17  and the hoist end position  18  are co-located enabling the cable  9  to simultaneously engage both hoist sensors  16 . The hoist home position  17  and the hoist end position  18  may correspond to the cable  9  in a generally retracted position with the block  26  adjacent to or contacting the hoist sensors  16 . The fixed arrangement between hoist sensors  16  and crane structure also fixes the hoist sensors  16  with respect to the hoist home position  17  and the hoist end position  18 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  4   a   , the vertical arrangement of the cable  9  between the hoist  8  and the ground level  45  allows the cable  9  to be extended and retracted so that at least the same portion of the cable  9  is ejected and returned to the hoist  8 . The cable  9  is extendable away the hoist sensor  16  corresponding to the hoist home position  17  and toward the ground level  45  when the start hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  engages the hoist home position  17 . The cable  9  then traverses at least a portion of the distance between the hoist  8  and the ground level  45 . Thereafter, the cable  9  is retracted to move away from the ground level  45  and toward the hoist  8 . The cable  9  stops moving when the stop hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  engages the hoist end position  18 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  4   b   , a pair of hoist sensors  16  are secured to the block  26  for example at a top side of the block  26 , although other locations are possible. The hoist sensors  16  are separately secured to the block  26  via mechanical fasteners or other suitable means. One hoist sensor  16  is configured to determine whether the cable  9  engages a start position otherwise referred to as the hoist home position  17 . Another hoist sensor  16  is configured to determine whether the cable  9  engages a stop position otherwise referred to as the hoist end position  18 . In this embodiment, the hoist home position  17  and the hoist end position  18  are co-located adjacent to the hoist  8  whereas both hoist sensors  16  are co-located on the block  26 . The bifurcation of the physical location of the hoist sensors  16  from the physical location of the hoist home and end positions  17 ,  18  permits the hoist sensors  16  to move with respect to the start and stop positions. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  4   b   , the vertical arrangement of the cable  9  between the hoist  8  and the ground level  45  allows the cable  9  to be extended and retracted so that at least the same portion of the cable  9  is both ejected and returned to the hoist  8 . The cable  9  is extendable away the hoist home position  17  and toward the ground level  45  when the start hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  engages the hoist home position  17 . The cable  9  then traverses at least a portion of the distance between the hoist  8  and the ground level  45 . Thereafter, the cable  9  is retracted to move away from the ground level  45  and toward the hoist  8 . The cable  9  stops moving when the stop hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  engages the hoist end position  18 . 
     The hoist sensors  16  may include one or more sensor types capable of detecting the position of the cable  9  with respect to the hoist home position  17  and the hoist end position  18 . In some embodiments, one or more hoist sensors  16  can be a proximity-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, capacitive, Doppler, eddy-current, inductive, magnetic, radar, sonar, or ultrasonic. In other embodiments, one or more hoist sensors  16  can be an optical-type device with detection means including, but not limited to, heat, visible light, or invisible light. In yet other embodiments, one or more hoist sensors  16  can be a contact-type device with detection means including, but is not limited to, force, pressure, vibration, or acceleration. 
     Redirection of or reversal to the direction of travel by the cable  9  adjacent to a non-stop interface, examples of the latter being at or a predefined position above ground level  45 , may be implemented without or with sensor(s)  44 . For example, the cable  9  may be extended or uncoiled from the hoist  8  over a predetermined time period implemented via a timer circuit based on a velocity for the cable  9  and then permitted to retract or recoil into the hoist  8  for another predetermined time period based on a velocity for the cable  9  in the opposite direction. The velocities and time periods may be the same or different for the opposed directions of travel. In another example, a sensor  44  may be attached to either the block  26  or an element of or adjacent to the crane, one example of the latter being the ground level  45 , to determine arrival via contact or non-contact means at a non-stop interface after which the direction of travel is reversed. In yet another example, a pair of sensors  44  separately attached to the block  26  and a non-stop interface may determine arrival via contact or non-contact means at the non-stop interface after which the direction of travel is reversed. In the latter embodiments, one sensor  44  may communicate with the other sensor  44  to implement redirection or reversal to the direction of travel when appropriate. Sensor(s)  44  may include one or more of the device types suitable for the hoist sensors  16  or other suitable device(s). 
     In preferred embodiments, the cable  9  is automatically movable only after one bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  is at the bridge home position  11 , one trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  is at the trolley home position  14 , and one hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  is at the hoist home position  17 . 
     The sensors  10 ,  13 ,  16  in  FIGS.  2   a - 2   c ,  3   a - 3   c , and  4   a - 4   b    are configured to identify arrival at the respective home positions  11 ,  14 , and  17  and the respective end positions  12 ,  15 , and  18  so as to determine location-based information for starting and stopping movement of bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and cable  9 . The sensors  10 ,  13 ,  16  may engage or otherwise detect arrival at the home positions  11 ,  14 ,  17  and the end positions  12 ,  15 ,  18  with or without contact between the respective sensors  10 ,  13 ,  16  and the locations at which or structures on which the home positions  11 ,  14 ,  17  and the end positions  12 ,  15 ,  18  reside. As such, the sensors  10 ,  13 ,  16  may identify home or end positions when a sensor  10 ,  13 ,  16  is physically at (in some embodiments) or adjacent to (in other embodiments) a home position  11 ,  14 ,  17  or an end position  12 ,  15 ,  18 . The means employed for contact or non-contact sensing are due at least in part to the sensor type(s), control parameters, and functional requirements of the automated cycling or exercise of the crane system  1 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  5   a   , at least one bridge wheel  30  is mechanically coupled to a bridge drive motor  29 . The bridge drive motor  29  and/or bridge wheel  30  are further mechanically coupled to the end truck  39 . The bridge drive motor  29  rotates the bridge wheel  30  either forward or backward causing the bridge  4  to move along the runway rails  5 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  5   b   , the roller surface  31  of the bridge wheel  30  contacts the bearing surface  32  along the runway rail  5  at the interface  33 . The interface  33  and area adjacent thereto are often subject to corrosion and other detrimental effects that may cause the bridge wheel  30  to be fixed to the runway rail  5  thereafter frustrating proper rolling motion by the bridge wheel  30  along the runway rail  5 . The automated cycling or exercising by the invention avoids this problem via motion between the bridge wheel  30  and the runway rail  5 . The frequency and extent of motion by automatic means should be sufficient to avoid an accumulation of corrosion that would otherwise fix the bridge wheels  30  to the runway rails  5 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  6   a   , at least one trolley wheel  35  is mechanically coupled to a trolley drive motor  34 . The trolley drive motor  34  and/or trolley wheel  35  are further mechanically coupled to the trolley frame  40 . The trolley drive motor  34  rotates the trolley wheel  35  either forward or backward causing the trolley  6  to move along the rails  7 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  6   b   , the roller surface  31  of the trolley wheel  35  contacts the bearing surface  32  along the rail  7  at the interface  33 . The interface  33  and area adjacent thereto are also often subject to corrosion and other detrimental effects that may cause the trolley wheel  35  to be fixed to the rail  7  thereafter frustrating proper rolling motion by the trolley wheel  35  along the rail  7 . The automated cycling or exercising by the invention avoids this problem via motion between the trolley wheel  35  and the rail  7 . The frequency and extent of motion by automatic means should be sufficient to avoid an accumulation of corrosion that would otherwise fix the trolley wheels  35  to the rails  7 . 
     Referring again to  FIG.  6   b   , the hoist  8  is attached to and moves with the trolley  6 . The hoist  8  includes a hoist drive motor  36  which rotates a shaft or spool allowing the cable  9  to be extended and retracted therefrom. The hoist  8 , the hoist drive motor  36 , and the cable  9  are also susceptible to corrosion and seizing. The frequency and extent of motion by automatic means should be sufficient to avoid an accumulation of corrosion that would otherwise prevent proper extension and retraction of the cable  9  by the hoist  8 . 
     The automatic cycling or exercise of the crane system  1  also allows for relative motion between other moving parts within the crane system  1  thereby avoiding motion-inhibiting corrosion, and in the extreme seizing by bearings, motors, rotating elements, translating elements, and other components required for proper function of bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and hoist  8  via mechanical motion. It is also understood that the automatic motion by the invention may breakup and crush rust along susceptible surfaces. It is further believed that the heat generated by motors and between moving parts may also mitigate the accumulation of corrosion inducing agents and/or byproducts either directly or indirectly responsible for compromising function of mechanical and electronic components within the crane system  1 . Heating effects may further avoid moisture induced short circuits and failure to circuits and other electrical components within the crane system  1 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  7   , the manual controller  27  includes a plurality of button  42 . The controller  27  may also include a switch  43  enabling a user to operate the crane system  1  in either a manual mode or an automatic mode. In other embodiments, the switch  43  may be located on or adjacent to the crane system  1 . In preferred embodiments, the buttons  42  are functional in the manual mode and disabled in the automatic mode. 
     In the manual mode, the buttons  42  are operable so as to allow a user to control function of the bridge  4 , the trolley  6 , and the hoist  8 . In some embodiments, the manual controller  27  may communicate directly with the bridge  4 , the trolley  6 , and the hoist  8  via a cable  28  or wireless means. In other embodiments, the manual controller  27  may communicate indirectly with the bridge  4 , the trolley  6 , and the hoist  8  via one or more intermediate components, such as a control module  20  (see  FIG.  1   ) or the like. The manual mode is suitable for maintenance operations whereby the crane system  1  is utilized to lift and move equipment within the hostile environment  2 . The manual mode is also suitable for repositioning the bridge  4  when the home bridge sensor  10  indicates misalignment of the bridge  4  with respect to the bridge home position  11  prior to activation of an automated cycle, or for repositioning the trolley  6  when the home trolley sensor  13  indicates misalignment of the trolley  6  with respect to the trolley home position  14  prior to activation of an automated cycle, or for repositioning the cable  9  with respect to the hoist  8  when the home hoist sensor  16  indicates misalignment of the cable  9  with respect to the hoist home position  17  prior to activation of an automated cycle. 
     In the automatic mode, function of the crane system  1  is determined at least in part by commands from an automated control module based on input from at least the bridge sensors  10 , the trolley sensors  13 , and the hoist sensors  16 . The automatic mode is therefore intended to cause the bridge  4 , the trolley  6 , and the hoist  8  to perform a predetermined routine replicating at least in part the range of motion during normal use, such as when lifting and moving equipment in support of maintenance operations. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  8   , components and optional components of an example crane system  1  are shown communicable via wire and wireless means. The switch  43  is communicable with the controller  27  and a control module  20 . In the manual mode, the controller  27  facilities functional control of bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and hoist  8  via a user. In the automatic mode, the control module  20  facilitates functional control of bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and hoist  8  without a user. The control module  20  is also communicable with bridge sensors  10 , trolley sensors  13 , and hoist sensors  16 . The control module  20  receives signal data from the sensors  10 ,  13 ,  16  which is used to determine start and stop function of bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and hoist  8 . The control module  20  may be attached directly or adjacent to the crane system  1 , the latter illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     In some embodiments, the control module  20  may be communicable with one or more optional alarm elements  22 . The alarm element(s)  22  may produce visual and/or sound cues alerting persons adjacent to the crane system  1  of imminent and/or ongoing movement by the crane system  1 . The alarm element(s)  22  may be attached directly or adjacent to the crane system  1 , the latter illustrated in  FIG.  1   . The alarm element(s)  22  could be activated when bridge  4 , trolley  6 , or cable  9  are not properly located at the respective home positions  11 ,  14 ,  17  or when one of the bridge  4 , trolley  6 , or hoist  8  are actively engaged to exercise the crane system  1 . 
     In other embodiments, the control module  20  may be communicable with a computer  21 . The computer  21  may be attached directly or adjacent to the crane system  1 , the latter illustrated in  FIG.  1   . The computer  21  could exchange data  24  with the control module  20  whereby data  24  is indicative of success or failure of crane function, functions performed by the crane system  1 , location and function of the bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and hoist  8  based on input from bridge sensors  10 , trolley sensors  13 , hoist sensors  16 , and optional sensors  3 ,  19 ,  44 , and conditions based on input from the secondary sensors  23 . The data  24  and other information may be date and time stamped. The data  24  may be communicated with or without the benefit of a network. The computer  21  could archive data  24 , process data  24 , and/or control function of the crane system  1  via the control module  20 . Processing may include, by way of example, assessing data from one or more sensors described herein to determine the degree of present and/or future impairment to the crane system  1  by the hostile environment  2 . The control module  20  or the computer  21  may communicate function commands to bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and hoist  8 , examples including ON, OFF, start, stop, and reverse direction. In some embodiments, the control module  20  may control function of the crane system  1  separate from the computer  21 . 
     In yet other embodiments, at least one secondary sensor  23  could gather additional data  24  from the hostile environment  2  allowing the invention to exercise the crane system  1  on an as-needed basis. The secondary sensor  23  could be mounted directly to the crane system  1  or adjacent thereto, the latter illustrated in  FIG.  1   . The secondary sensor  23  may gather data  24  including one or more parameters that correlate to or is/are indicative of corrosion. In one example, an electrical resistance type sensor could be used to determine resistance. In another example, a galvanic type sensor could be used to determine current or voltage. In yet other examples, the sensor could measure humidity, temperature, or concentration of a corrosive agent within the hostile environment  2 . Other sensor types suitable for assessing corrosion, dust, moisture, or other parameter(s) could be utilized. 
     In yet other embodiments, one or more sensors  3 ,  19 , or  44  may be communicable with the control module  20  to facilitate a change in direction to return the bridge  4  to the bridge home position  11  in  FIGS.  2   a - 2   c   , the trolley  6  to the trolley home position  14  in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   , and the cable  9  to the hoist home position  17  in  FIGS.  4   a    and  4   b.    
     Referring again to  FIGS.  1 ,  2     a - 2   c ,  3   a - 3   c ,  4   a ,  4   b , and  8 , the crane system  1  is automatically exercised so that the bridge  4 , the trolley  6 , and a cable  9  of the hoist  8  are each separately moved and stopped based on parameters indicative of functional impairment to the crane system  1  by the hostile environment  2 . The bridge  4  is moved along a pair of runway rails  5  away from a bridge home position  11 , back toward a bridge end position  12 , and then stopped when one bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  has engaged the bridge end position  12 . The trolley  6  is moved along at least one rail  7  away from a trolley home position  14 , back toward a trolley end position  15 , and then stopped when one trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  has engaged the trolley end position  15 . The cable  9  is moved away from a hoist home position  17 , back towards a hoist end position  18 , and then stopped when one hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  engages the hoist end position  18 . The bridge  4 , the trolley  6 , and the hoist  8  are permitted to initially move at the start of the exercise cycle but only after another bridge sensor  10  determines the bridge  4  has engaged the bridge home position  11 , another trolley sensor  13  determines the trolley  6  has engaged the trolley home position  14 , and another hoist sensor  16  determines the cable  9  has engaged the hoist home position  17 . At the start of the exercise cycle and before movement of bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and cable  9 , the bridge  4  is returned to its bridge home position  11  when the bridge  4  does not initially engage the home bridge sensor  10 , the trolley  6  is returned to its trolley home position  14  when the trolley  6  does not initially engage the home trolley sensor  13 , and the cable  9  is returned to the hoist home position  17  when the cable  9  does not initially engage the home hoist sensor  16 . An optional alarm element  22  may be activated whenever bridge  4 , trolley  6 , or cable  9  are returned to their respective home positions  11 ,  14 ,  17 . In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to communicate data  24  from the bridge sensors  10 , the trolley sensors  13 , and the hoist sensors  16  to a control module  20  and implement the exercise cycle via the control module  20  based on the data  24 . It might be further advantageous for storage and/or processing purposes to communicate the data  24  from the control module  20  to a computer  21 . In other embodiments, the exercise cycle may be implement based on a predetermined time after bridge  4 , trolley  6 , and cable  9  were last moved. 
     As is evident from the explanation herein, the improvement is a crane with automated exercise means applicable, by way of non-limiting examples, to any hostile environment whereby automated cycling of a crane between uses would mitigate the detrimental effects on and to a crane by conditions within the environment. In addition to wastewater treatment facilities, the invention is appropriate for use within power generation, processing, and other industrial, commercial, and infrastructure applications. 
     The description above indicates that a great degree of flexibility is offered in terms of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein.