Patent Publication Number: US-4093750-A

Title: Beverages containing polyglycerol ester cloud

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 496,550, filed Aug. 12, 1974, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to the use of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids in citrus flavored beverages. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     The standard practice in the art has been to utilize a gum such as gum acacia as the emulsifier, carrier and dispersant. In conjunction with a gum, a brominated oil is generally used to solubilize various citrus oils, essential oils and flavorings and minimize the specific gravity differences existing between the mixture of brominated oils with such oils and flavorings and the aqueous media in which the mixture will be dispersed. Glyceryl abietate an triglyceryl abietate have been considered to achieve solubilization and dispersion of citrus oils in U.S. Pat. No. 3,353,961. It is believed, however, that because the ester is of an aromatic or hydroaromatic compound that an undesirable taste in the resultant product results. There further is a question as to the safety of such esters. Another example of aromatic esters is U.S. Pat. No. 3,652,291, which discloses tri-ethylene glycol dibenzoate to produce emulsification and cloud in citrus flavored soft drinks. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,397,992 and 3,764,346 to Noznick and Tatter disclose the use of polyglycerol esters of an aliphatic acid in spray dried, citrus oil containing compositions and in non-citrus flavored milk substitutes. 
     Brominated oils have traditionally been used in combination with citrus oils and other flavorings to adjust the specific gravity of the flavoring containing phase of a beverage. Along with providing the desired density for the containing phase in such emulsions, in certain cases the brominated oils provide a cloud to give the drinks a desirable appearance. 
     The citrus oils used as flavoring agents are insoluble in water and have a specific gravity of about 0.85. The beverages in which they are used usually range from a specific gravity of 1.0 to about 1.1 with dietetic drinks being about 1.00 to 1.02 while sugar sweetened drinks range somewhat higher, preferably 1.03-1.06. 
     From the combination of citrus oils and brominated oils, a concentrate emulsion has been prepared which in turn has been diluted to give the beverage. A water soluble gum such as gum acacia has been used previously to carry and disperse the combination of citrus oil and brominated oil so that the dispersion in water can be achieved. 
     Another approach to preparing beverages has been to prepare beverage concentrates in the form of a free flowing granular particles comprising sugar, an edible acid and flavorings in which the particles are agglomerated together with a binder consisting essentially of a water soluble gum. These concentrates can be diluted appropriately to achieve the desired beverage. 
     Recent regulations of the FDA have restricted the use of brominated oils in beverages. Also, gum acacia shortages and high prices make their replacement and/or extension highly desirable and economically necessary. 
     Isotonic, electrolyte containing, citrus flavored beverages are disclosed in Canadian Patent No. 896,486 to Babayan et al, but these do not use polyglycerol ester emulsifiers. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a beverage comprising an aqueous solution of from about 0.002% to about 2% of a polyglycerol ester of a fatty acid; from about .02% to about 2% of a citrus oil; and from about 5% to about 15% of sugar, or the equivalent thereof in sweetening. 
     It is an object of this invention to provide a beverage having a polyglycerol ester incorporated therein in sufficient quantities to eliminate the need for brominated oils or gum acacia. 
     The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages and limitations of the above-mentioned prior art products while making the art of beverage making easier, more convenient and more economical. The beverages of the present invention are easier to prepare and more stable to maintain in storage. 
     In the present invention, the polyglycerol ester can be used with or without the use of an edible gum. In a citrus beverage or its concentrate, the polyglycerol ester may function as a clouding agent as well as the carrier for the citrus oils. Depending upon the selection of the polyglycerol ester, one can achieve the carrier and binder role or the clouding agent role or both. By selecting the right polyglycerol ester or combination of such polyglycerol esters, one is able to eliminate or minimize the need for brominated oils and edible gums in such beverage compositions. 
     Polyglycerol esters have become commercially available in good quality in recent years. They offer a wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic characteristics depending upon the polymer chain length of the polyglycerol and the number and types of fatty acids used in their preparation. U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,774 (1972) to Babayan et al discloses those polyglycerols which are typical of the class of polyglycerol esters from which selections can be made for a specific beverage. Utilizing the unique characteristics of these compounds, I have been able to demonstrate how citrus oils may be solubilized, dispersed and carried in a polyglycerol ester media and subsequently dissolved, dispersed and/or solubilized into aqueous solutions for beverage use. 
     The invention covers the range of citrus flavored beverages from diet drinks of essentially water, citrus oil and articifical sweeteners to conventional beverages containing water, citrus oil and from 5-15% sugar. Concentrates of these beverages can be prepared with the polyglycerol esters as the carrier and emulsifier for the citrus oils. One may select specific polyglycerol esters to make and yield beverage solutions which are clear or cloudy, as desired, whether such beverages be carbonated or non-carbonated. 
     The wide range of physical and chemical characteristics of the polyglycerol esters allows the user to select and use the specific polyglycerol ester best suited for the beverage in question. Such flexibility and versatility of selection has not been known in the art heretofore. Methods for preparing polyglycerol esters are disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,774 (1972) to Babayan et al. With the proper selection of the polyglycerol ester, one is able to simplify and satisfactorily produce beverages of high quality, stability, acceptablilty and cost. With the use of the polyglycerol esters, one is able to insure the complete dissolving and solubilizing of citrus oils in aqueous systems. The present invention not only can resolve the gum acacia shortage situation, but it can eliminate the beverage industry having to depend on brominated oils. The polyglycerol ester can serve as the total carrier system for beverages and give the beverage industry an alternate, less expensive, approach for achieving their goal. 
     With the teachings of the present invention, one can use the polyglycerol esters as a complete and sole replacement of the systems previously known and used in the art. One can extend and minimize the use of gum acacia if he does not wish to eliminate the gum from his formulations. Alternatively, one can reformulate and, by the use of polyglycerol esters, become completely independent of the use of gum acacia. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     To illustrate the nature of the present invention, examples are given of a number of beverages. To those versed in the art, they will serve to demonstrate the type of flexibility possible with the use of the polyglycerol esters. The examples and illustrations are by no means to be considered a restriction or limitation of my invention. In all of these blends, other additives such as coloring, preservatives, etc., may be used to enhance the finished product characteristics. In many cases, replacing gum acacia with a polyglycerol ester will amount not only to convenience and easy operation, but appreciable economic advantage as well. 
     Examples of preferred polyglycerol esters are polyglycerol ester oleates, laurates, butyrates, and more specifically decaglycerol esters thereof. Specific examples of suitable polyglycerol esters are: triglycerol monostearate, triglycerol monoshortening (triglycerol mono ester of the acids of cottonseed oil); triglycerol monooleate, hexaglycerol monostearate, hexaglycerol monoshortening, hexaglycerol monooleate, hexaglycerol dioleate, hexaglycerol dishortening, hexaglycerol hexaoleate, decaglycerol monostearate, decaglycerol monoshortening, decaglycerol monooleate, decaglycerol monolaurate, decaglycerol tristearate, decaglycerol tri shortening, decaglycerol trioleate, decaglycerol trilinoleate, decaglycerol decastearate, decaglycerol decaoleate, decaglycerol deca linoleate, decaglycerol tetraoleat, diglycerol monostearate, dodecaglycerol hexapalmitate, decaglycerol tripalmitate, decaglycerol di arachinate, triglycerol mono behenate, dodecaglycerol tri lignocerate, decaglycerol mono linolenate, hexaglycerol di ricinoleate, decaglycerol deca myristate, decaglycerol tri ester of soybean oil acids, decaglycerol tetra ester of cottonseed oil acids, hexaglycerol mono ester of coconut oil acids, triglycerol mono ester of peanut oil acids, decaglycerol deca ester of corn oil acids, decaglycerol deca ester of hydrogenated cottonseed oil acids. These have HLB values ranging from 5 to 27 and may be selected to achieve a stable emulsion in essentially any citrus flavored beverage. 
     The invention may be made in the form of an isotonic, electrolyte and glucose containing beverage such as is marketed under the trademark &#34;Gatorade&#34;. The details of this type of beverage are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 829,797 filed June 2, 1969, by Babayan et al, now abandoned, and which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The invention is a beverage which includes from about 0.002% to about 2% of a polyglycerol ester of a fatty acid (C 2  to C 24  aliphatic acids have been used successfully). In addition, from about .02% to about 2% of a citrus oil such as orange, lemon and lime are included in the invention. The invention also includes a sweetening agent to provide sweetening equivalent to from about 5% to about 15% sucrose. The sweetening agent can be a natural sugar such as dextrose, sucrose, maltose, or fructose or it can be an artificial sweetening agent such as aspartame, a cyclamate or saccharin (such as sodium cyclamate), or it can be a combination. The invention also includes with from 84% to 99% water, sufficient acid to cause the beverage to have a pH of from 2.5 to 4.5. Suitable acids to adjust the pH are citric, phosphoric lactic, adipic, tartaric, hexamic, fumaric or malic or a combination thereof. 
     The beverages can be carbonated by the addition of from 1 to 6 volumes of carbon dioxide. Preservatives such as sodium benzoate, methyl parahydroxybenzate or propyl parahydroxybenzoate can be added. 
     The essentially isotonic, thirst quenching, embodiment of the invention includes from 2 to 7% glucose and from 15 to 50  milliequivalents per liter of sodium with the citrus oil and polyglycerol fatty acid ester. In addition, to achieve acceptable sweetening, an additional sweetening agent such as fructose, a cyclamate or a saccharin is required. 
     Acids should be added to achieve the pH of from 2.5 to 4.5. It is essential with the isotonic form that the total of the ingredients in the beverage are at a concentration to achieve an osmolarity of from 180 to 400 mOs./Kg. An osmolarity of about 290 mOs./Kg should be achieved for results suitable for very energetic athletes having large amounts of perspiration. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Two grams of decaglycerol dioleate were homogeneously incorporated into 100 grams of corn syrup (70° Brix) in a Waring blender. To this mixture, 40 grams of orange oil USP were homogeneously incorporated in the same blender and resulted in a flavorcloud concentrate of good stability. One gram of this concentrate was incorporated into one liter of an 11° Brix beverage containing 4 grams per liter citric acid, .7 grams per liter sodium citrate, and 0.12 grams per liter of F.D. &amp; C. colors No. 5 and 6 (70/30 ratio) using the blender. The resultant beverage was pasteurized, cooled and refrigerated. The subsequent evaluation of the beverage showed a good homogeneous dispersion of the flavor concentrate, good cloud characteristics and a pleasant tasting beverage. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     One gram of the flavor-cloud concentrate of Example 1 was incorporated into one liter of low calorie beverage containing two grams per liter of citric acid, .25 grams per liter of sodium citrate, 0.1 grams per liter of sodium saccharin and .12 grams per liter of F.D. &amp; C. color No. 5 and 6 (70/30 ratio) and refrigerated. Subsequent evaluation of the beverage showed a good homogeneous dispersion of the flavor concentrate, good cloud characteristics and a pleasant tasting beverage. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     One gram of the flavor-cloud concentrate of Example 1 was incorporated into one liter of a beverage containing 4% dextrose, 0.14% disodium phosphate, 0.015% sodium chloride, 0.022% potassium chloride, 0.353% citric acid, 0.044% calcium cyclamate, 0.004% sodium saccharin, and 25 parts per million F.D. and C. yellow No. 5 using a Waring blender. The beverage so obtained was pasteurized, cooled and refrigerated. Subsequent evaluation showed a good homogeneous dispersion of the flavor concentrate, good cloud characteristics and a pleasant tasting beverage. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Eight grams of decaglycercl mono di laurate were homogeneously incorporated into 100 milliliters of water in a Waring blender. The term &#34;mono di laurate&#34; as used herein refers to a mixture of mono laurate and di laurate in a 1 to 1 ratio. To the aqueous solution, forty grams of orange oil USP were homogeneously incorporated in the blender which resulted in a flavor-cloud emulsion concentrate of good stability. One gram of this concentrate was incorporated into one liter of an 11° Brix beverage containing citric acid, sodium citrate and color in the amounts indicated in Example 1 using the blender. The resultant beverage was pasteurized, cooled and refrigerated. Subsequent evaluation of the beverage showed a good homogeneous dispersion of the flavor concentrate and good cloud and flavor characteristics. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     One gram of the flavor-cloud concentrate of Example 4 was incorporated into one liter of low calorie beverage containing citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium saccharin and color in amount equal to the amounts in Example 2 using a Waring blender. The resultant beverage was pasteurized, cooled and refrigerated. Subsequent evaluation of the beverage showed a good homogeneous dispersion of the flavor concentrate and good cloud characteristics and pleasant tasting beverage. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     One gram of Example 4 was incorporated into one liter of an isotonic beverage containing 5% glucose and mineral salts, citric acid, sodium saccharin, calcium cyclamate, and color in the amounts used in Example 3 using a Waring blender. The beverage so obtained was pasteurized, cooled and refrigerated. Subsequent evaluation showed a good homogeneous dispersion of the flavor concentrate and good cloud characteristics and pleasant tasting beverage. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     The previous examples were repeated substituting lemon oil, lime oil and a 50/50 mixture of lemon and lime oil for the orange oil used in amounts equal to one fifth of the orange oil used. Similar results were obtained. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Physical characteristics of polyglycerol esters were measured and are set forth in the Tables 1 through 3. The very high solubilities of citrus oils in polyglycerol esters makes their use ideal for citrus flavored beverages. 
     
                                           Table 1                                 
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Some Physical Characteristics of Triglycerol Esters                       
                            % Solubility                                  
                                   Appearance                             
          Physical                                                        
                 Specific                                                 
                      Molecular                                           
                            of Orange Oil                                 
                                   With Orange                            
Product   Appearance                                                      
                 Gravity                                                  
                      Weight                                              
                            in Ester                                      
                                   Oil                                    
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Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.250                                                    
                      324.1  10    clear                                  
mono diacetate                                                            
          liquid                                                          
Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.197                                                    
                      380.2  20    clear                                  
mono di butyrate                                                          
          liquid                                                          
Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.148                                                    
                      436.3 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono di caproate                                                          
          liquid                                                          
Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.113                                                    
                      492.4 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono di caprylate                                                         
          liquid                                                          
Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.097                                                    
                      520.5 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono di pelargonate                                                       
          liquid                                                          
Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.081                                                    
                      548.5 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono di caprate                                                           
          liquid                                                          
Triglycerol                                                               
          semi-solid                                                      
                 1.036                                                    
                      604.6 &gt;500   slightly                               
mono di laurate  (25° C)    turbid                                 
Triglycerol                                                               
          viscous                                                         
                 1.000                                                    
                      504.4 &gt;500   slightly                               
mono oleate                                                               
          liquid                   turbid                                 
Triglycerol                                                               
          solid  0.966                                                    
                      506.5 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono stearate    (25° C)                                           
Triglycerol                                                               
          semi-solid                                                      
                 0.971                                                    
                      504.4 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono shortening  (25° C)                                           
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                                           Table 2                                 
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Some Physical Characteristics of Hexaglycerol Esters                      
                            % Solubility                                  
          Physical                                                        
                 Specific                                                 
                      Molecular                                           
                            of Orange Oil                                 
                                   Appearance with                        
Product   Appearance                                                      
                 Gravity                                                  
                      Weight                                              
                            in Ester                                      
                                   Orange Oil                             
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Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.192                                                    
                      546.1  40    turbid                                 
mono di acetate                                                           
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.282                                                    
                      602.2  30    turbid                                 
mono di butyrate                                                          
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.174                                                    
                      658.3  10    turbid                                 
mono di caproate                                                          
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.150                                                    
                      714.4  80    clear                                  
mono di calrylate                                                         
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.172                                                    
                      742.5 &gt;500   clear                                  
mono di pelargonate                                                       
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.127                                                    
                      770.5  100   clear                                  
mono di caprate                                                           
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.144                                                    
                      826.6  100   turbid                                 
mono di laurate                                                           
          liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.022                                                    
                      990.8 &gt;500   clear                                  
di oleate liquid                                                          
Hexaglycerol                                                              
          solid  0.997                                                    
                      994.9 &gt;500   clear                                  
di stearate      (25° C)                                           
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                                           Table 3                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Some Physical Characteristics of Decaglycerol Esters                      
                            % Solubility                                  
          Physical                                                        
                 Specific                                                 
                      Molecular                                           
                            of Orange Oil                                 
                                   Appearance with                        
Product   Appearance                                                      
                 Gravity                                                  
                      Weight                                              
                            in Ester                                      
                                   Orange Oil                             
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Decaglycerol                                                              
          very viscous                                                    
                 1.308                                                    
                       842.1                                              
                             10    clear                                  
mono diacetate                                                            
          liquid                                                          
Decaglycerol                                                              
          very viscous                                                    
                 1.282                                                    
                       898.2                                              
                             50    turbid                                 
mono di butyrate                                                          
          liquid                                                          
Decaglycerol                                                              
          very viscous                                                    
                 1.243                                                    
                       954.3                                              
                             50    turbid                                 
mono di caproate                                                          
          liquid                                                          
Decaglycerol                                                              
          very viscous                                                    
                 1.234                                                    
                      1010.4                                              
                             40    turbid                                 
mono di caprylate                                                         
          liquid                                                          
Decaglycerol                                                              
          very viscous                                                    
                 1.160                                                    
                      1122.6                                              
                             30    turbid                                 
mono di laurate                                                           
          liquid                                                          
Decaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.028                                                    
                      1286.8                                              
                             100   turbid                                 
di oleate liquid                                                          
Decaglycerol                                                              
          viscous                                                         
                 1.020                                                    
                      1815.7                                              
                            &gt;500   clear                                  
tetra oleate                                                              
          liquid                                                          
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     EXAMPLE 9 
     Tests of the effectiveness of emulsions in concentrated form using polyglycerol ester and orange oil emulsion concentrates were made. The tests were made using a Waring blender and adding the polyglycerol ester and orange oil combination to 100 ml. of water and homogenizing for two minutes. The stability was evaluated by observing the emulsions after 48 hours. The results achieved are set forth in Tables 4, 5 and 6. Those emulsion concentrates which produced stable emulsions in the proportions attempted (as shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6) were diluted to form beverages in the manner set forth in Examples 4, 5 and 6 with results as set forth in Table 7. As indicated in the examples, the emulsion concentrates were diluted by adding one milliliter of the concentrate to one liter of the beverage. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     The beverages of Examples 1-7 were made in carbonated form by the use of carbonated water to achieve 3 volumes of carbon dioxide in the beverages. The term &#34;volume&#34; represents the volume of carbon dioxide gas which would occupy the same volume as the liquid in which it is contained if measured separately at standard temperature and pressure (0° C, 760 mm. Hg). Excellent tasting, stable beverages were obtained. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     The beverages of Examples 1-6 and 10 were modified by the addition of 0.05% of methyl parahydroxybenzoate as a preservative. Stable beverages were obtained. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Hexaglycerol mono di butyrate (again 1 to 1 ratio of mono butyrate and di butyrate) was substituted for the decaglycerol mono di laurate of Examples 4-6. Clear beverages were obtained with excellent stability and flavor characteristics. 
     
                       Table 4                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Emulsion Concentration Made With                                          
Triglycerol Esters and Orange Oil                                         
               Ester/Orange Oil/                                          
Product        Water Ratios  Comments                                     
______________________________________                                    
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/0.5/100     semi-stable                                  
acetate                      (ring formation)                             
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/1/100       stable                                       
butyrate                                                                  
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/10/100      unstable                                     
caproate                                                                  
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/10/100      stable                                       
caprylate                                                                 
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/10/100      stable                                       
pelargonate                                                               
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/10/100      stable                                       
caprate                                                                   
Triglycerol mono di                                                       
               5/10/100      stable                                       
laurate                                                                   
Triglycerol mono                                                          
               1/5/100       stable                                       
oleate                                                                    
Triglycerol mono                                                          
               5/10/100      stable                                       
stearate                                                                  
Triglycerol mono                                                          
               5/10/100      stable                                       
shortening                                                                
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                       Table 5                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Emulsion Concentrates                                                     
Made With Hexaglycerol Esters and Orange Oil                              
               Ester/Orange Oil/                                          
Product        Water Ratios  Comments                                     
______________________________________                                    
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/2/100       semi-stable                                  
acetate                      (ring formation)                             
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/1.5/100     unstable                                     
butyrate                                                                  
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/0.5/100     unstable                                     
caproate                                                                  
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/4/100       stable                                       
caprylate                                                                 
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/10/100      stable                                       
pelargonate                                                               
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/5/100       stable                                       
caprate                                                                   
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/5/100       stable                                       
laurate                                                                   
Hexaglycerol di oleate                                                    
               5/10/100      stable (cream)                               
Hexaglycerol di stearate                                                  
               5/10/100      stable                                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       Table 6                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Emulsion Concentrates                                                     
Made With Decaglycerol Esters and Orange Oil                              
               Ester/Orange Oil/                                          
Product        Water Ratios  Comments                                     
______________________________________                                    
Decaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/0.5/100     unstable                                     
acetate                                                                   
Decaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/2.5/100     unstable                                     
butyrate                                                                  
Decaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/2.5/100     unstable                                     
caproate                                                                  
Decaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/2/100       semi-stable                                  
caprylate                                                                 
Decaglycerol mono di                                                      
               5/1.5/100     stable                                       
laurate                                                                   
Decaglycerol di oleate                                                    
               5/5/100       stable                                       
Decaglycerol tetra oleate                                                 
               1/5/100       stable                                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                                           Table 7                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STABLE EMULSION CONCENTRATES FROM TABLES  
4, 5 and 6                                                                
DILUTED WITH BEVERAGES at 1 ml/L                                          
                       Low Calorie                                        
                                  10° to 13° Brix           
                                                   Electrolyte &amp; Glucose  
Product        Water   Dietetic Beverage                                  
                                  (Regular Beverage)                      
                                                   Isotonic               
__________________________________________________________________________
                                                   Beverage               
Triglycerol mono di Acetate                                               
               Clear Stable                                               
                       Clear Stable                                       
                                  Clear Stable     Clear Stable           
Triglycerol mono di Butyrate                                              
               Clear Stable                                               
                       Clear Stable                                       
                                  Clear Stable     Clear Stable           
Triglycerol mono di Pelar-                                                
ganate         Cloudy Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  S.Cloudy Separated                      
                                                   Cloudy Stable          
Triglycerol mono di Caprate                                               
               Cloudy Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  S.Cloudy Stable  Cloudy Stable          
Triglycerol mono di Laurate                                               
               Cloudy Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Ring Cloudy      Cloudy Stable          
Triglycerol mono Oleate                                                   
               Cloudy Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Triglycerol mono Stearate                                                 
               Cloudy Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Triglycerol mono Shortening                                               
               Cloudy Slight                                              
               Separation                                                 
                       Ring Cloudy                                        
                                  Ring Cloudy      Ring Cloudy            
Hexaglycerol mono di Acetate                                              
               Clear Stable                                               
                       Clear Stable                                       
                                  Clear Stable     Clear Stable           
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
Butyrate       Clear Stable                                               
                       Clear Stable                                       
                                  Clear Stable     Clear Stable           
Hexaglycerol mono di Cap-                                                 
rylate         Slight Cloud.                                              
               Stable  Clear Stable                                       
                                  Clear Stable     Clear Stable           
Hexaglycerol mono di                                                      
Pelargonate    Slight Cloud                                               
               Stable  Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Hexaglycerol mono di Caprate                                              
               Slight Cloud                                               
               Stable  Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Hexaglycerol mono di Laurate                                              
               Cloudy Stable                                              
                       S.Cloudy Stable                                    
                                  S.Cloudy Stable  Cloudy Stable          
Hexaglycerol di Oleate                                                    
               Slight Cloud.                                              
               Unstable                                                   
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Ring Cloudy      Ring Cloudy            
Hexaglycerol di Stearate                                                  
               Cloudy Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Decaglycerol mono di Capry-                                               
late           Clear.Stable                                               
                       Clear Stable                                       
                                  Clear Stable     Clear Stable           
Decaglycerol mono di                                                      
Laurate        Clear.Stable                                               
                       Semi-Cloudy Stable                                 
                                  Semi-Cloudy Stable                      
                                                   Semi-Cloudy Stable     
Decaglycerol mono di Oleate                                               
               Cloudy.Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Decaglycerol di Oleate                                                    
               Cloudy.Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy Stable          
Decaglycerol Tetra Oleate                                                 
               Cloudy.Stable                                              
                       Cloudy Stable                                      
                                  Cloudy Stable    Cloudy                 
__________________________________________________________________________
                                                   Stable