Patent Publication Number: US-9848180-B2

Title: Method, medium, and system generating a stereo signal

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation Application of prior application Ser. No. 11/707,989 filed on Feb. 20, 2007 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office which claims the benefits of U.S. Patent Application No. 60/778,933, filed on Mar. 6, 2006, in the U.S. Patent and Office and, Korean Patent Application No. 10-20060049035, filed on May 30, 2006 and No. 10-2006-0111240, filed on Nov. 10, 2006, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     One or embodiments of the present invention relate to audio decoding, and more particularly, to a surround audio decoding method, medium, and system for selectively decoding an audio signal to a stereo signal or a multi-channel signal. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In general, multi-channel audio coding is classified into waveform multi-channel audio coding and parametric multi-channel audio coding. The waveform multi-channel audio decoding includes MPEG-2 MC audio coding, AAC MC audio coding, BSAC/AVS MC audio coding, etc., and typically receives 5 encoded channel signals and outputs 5 decoded channel signals. The parametric multi-channel audio decoding typically includes MPEG surround coding, and a decoding terminal would receive 1 or 2 input encoded channel signals and outputs 6 or 8 decoded multi-channel signals. 
     According to an MPEG surround specification, an input encoded signal can be decoded as a multi-channel signal through a first 5-1-5 tree structure, illustrated in  FIG. 1A , and a second 5-1-5 tree structure, illustrated in  FIG. 1B . Here, the tree structures receive a down-mixed mono signal, i.e., a signal that has been encoded from multi-channel signals and output as a mono signal, and up-mixes the mono signal to multi-channel signals of a Front Left (FL) channel, a Front Right (FR) channel, a Center (C) channel, a Low Frequency Enhancement (LFE) channel, a Back Left (BL) channel, and a Back Right (BR) channel, using combinations of 1-to-2 (OTT) modules. Here, the up-mixing of the mono signal through the stages of OTT modules can be accomplished with previously generated spatial information of Channel Level Differences (CLDs) and/or Inter-Channel Correlations (ICCs), with the CLD being information about an 
     energy ratio or difference between predetermined channels in multi-channels, and with the ICC being information about correlation or coherence corresponding to a time/frequency tile of input signals. With respective CLDs and ICCs, each staged OTT can up-mix a single input signal to respective output signals through each staged OTT. 
     However, due to increases in use of mobile applications, rather than the multi-channel signals, a stereo channel structure is more frequently used than the multi-channel structure. Thus, there is a problem in that the conventional tree structures do not provide an easy computational simplified technique for generating just the stereo channels, i.e., all channels must typically be decoded by performing the entire staged decoding of the input down-mixed mono signal. For example, referring to  FIG. 1A , in the first 5-1-5 tree structure, the corresponding OTT 0  module outputs a signal that includes information for a FL channel signal, a FR channel signal, a C channel signal, and a LFE channel signal, and a signal that includes information for a BL channel signal and a BR channel signal. Meanwhile, referring to  FIG. 1B , in the second 5-1-5 tree structure, the corresponding OTT 0  module outputs a signal that includes information for the FL channel signal, the BL channel signal, the FR channel signal, and the BR channel signal and a signal that includes information for the C channel signal and the LFE channel signal. 
     For this reason, in these 5-1-5 tree structures, the signals output from the corresponding OTT 0  modules cannot be suitably used for generation of a left and right channel stereo signal. Rather, additional decoding through the remaining OTT modules stages must be performed to ultimately decode the left and right channels, requiring additional computations and resources. 
     SUMMARY 
     One of more embodiments of the present invention include a stereo signal generating method, medium, and system, for up-mixing a down-mixed signal to a stereo signal, by generating spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal, using existing spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to a multi-channel signal. 
     Additional aspects and/or advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, one or embodiments of the present invention include a method for generating a stereo signal, including generating spatial information for up-mixing a down-mixed signal to the stereo signal, using spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to a multi-channel signal other than the stereo signal, and up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal using the generated spatial information. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, one or embodiments of the present invention include a method for generating an audio signal, including selectively up-mixing a down-mixed signal to at least one of a multi-channel signal and a stereo signal, wherein up-mixing of the down-mixed signal to the multi-channel signal is accomplished through a multi-staged up-mixing of the down-mixed signal based upon spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the multi-channel signal, and 
     wherein up-mixing of the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal is accomplished by generating spatial information for the up-mixing of the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal based on the spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to a multi-channel signal and applying the generated spatial information to a single stage to up-mix the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, one or embodiments of the present invention include at least one medium including computer readable code to control at least one processing element to implement an embodiment of the present invention. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, one or embodiments of the present invention include an system for generating a stereo signal, including a spatial information generator to generate spatial information for up-mixing a down-mixed signal to the stereo signal, using spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to a multi-channel signal other than the stereo signal, and an up-mixing unit to up-mix the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal, using the generated spatial information. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, one or embodiments of the present invention include an system for generating an audio signal, including a plurality of up-mixing modules to selectively up-mix a down-mixed signal to at least one of a stereo signal and a multi-channel signal, and a spatial information generator to generate spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal, using spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the multi-channel signal, wherein up-mixing of the down-mixed signal to the multi-channel signal is accomplished through staged up-mixing by the plurality of up-mixing modules based upon the spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the multi-channel signal, and wherein up-mixing of the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal is accomplished through a single up-mixing by one of the plurality of up-mixing modules based upon the generated spatial information for the up-mixing of the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which: 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  illustrate conventional first and second 5-1-5 tree structures for decoding a multi-channel signal from a down-mixed signal, respectively; 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a stereo signal generating method, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a method for generating spatial information for up-mixing a down-mixed signal to a stereo signal, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a stereo signal spatial information generating component, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a stereo outputting component, according to an embodiment the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. Embodiments are described below to explain the present invention by referring to the figures. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a stereo signal generating method, according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , a desired multi-channel configuration of a decoding terminal is recognized, in operation  200 . The desired multi-channel configuration of the decoding terminal may be based on the number of speakers included in the decoding terminal, the locations of operable speakers among the speakers included in the decoding terminal, information for channel signals available in the decoding terminal among multi-channel signals encoded in an encoding terminal, available processing power for decoding an input down-mixed signal, etc., noting that alternative reasons for desiring only a stereo decoded signal are equally available. 
     The number of decoding levels may then be determined, e.g., using such an example of the multi-channel configuration of the decoding terminal recognized in operation  200 , in operation  210 . 
     Here, in one example, if it is determined that the number of levels calculated in operation  210  is “1”, in operation  220 , spatial information for generating a stereo signal can be generated using pre-existing spatial information for decoding of the down-mixed signal to multi-channel signals, e.g., as generated in an encoding terminal, in operation  230 . Here, in this example, since the case when the number of levels is “1” corresponds to the case when a single OTT module is used, it may be determined that an output of only a stereo channel is desired. As noted above, the existing spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed mono signal to multi-channel signals may be Channel Level Differences (CLDs) or Inter-Channel Correlations (ICCs), noting that embodiments of the present invention is not limited to these types of spatial information. 
     The CLDs are information about an energy ratio or difference between predetermined channels in multi-channels, and are energy ratios corresponding to a time/frequency tile of input signals. Respective CLDs can be calculated by the following Equation 1, for example. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   CLD 
                   = 
                   
                     10 
                     ⁢ 
                     log 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     10 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           
                             ∑ 
                             n 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               m 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               
                                 x 
                                 1 
                                 
                                   n 
                                   , 
                                   m 
                                 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 x 
                                 1 
                                 
                                   n 
                                   , 
                                   
                                     m 
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             ∑ 
                             n 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               m 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               
                                 x 
                                 2 
                                 
                                   n 
                                   , 
                                   m 
                                 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 x 
                                 2 
                                 
                                   n 
                                   , 
                                   
                                     m 
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   1 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, x 1  and x 2  denote signals input to a corresponding 2-to-1 encoder from a subband domain, n denotes a time slot index, m denotes a subband index, and * denotes complex conjugate. 
     The ICC is information about correlation or coherence corresponding to a time/frequency tile of input signals, i.e., a similarity between signals. 
     Similar to above, respective ICCs can be calculated by the following Equation 2. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   ICC 
                   = 
                   
                     Re 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       { 
                       
                         
                           
                             ∑ 
                             n 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               m 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               
                                 x 
                                 1 
                                 
                                   n 
                                   , 
                                   m 
                                 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 x 
                                 2 
                                 
                                   n 
                                   , 
                                   
                                     m 
                                     * 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               n 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               
                                 ∑ 
                                 m 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 
                                   x 
                                   1 
                                   
                                     n 
                                     , 
                                     m 
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   x 
                                   1 
                                   
                                     n 
                                     , 
                                     
                                       m 
                                       * 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   
                                     ∑ 
                                     n 
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     
                                       ∑ 
                                       m 
                                     
                                     ⁢ 
                                     
                                       
                                         x 
                                         2 
                                         
                                           n 
                                           , 
                                           m 
                                         
                                       
                                       ⁢ 
                                       
                                         x 
                                         2 
                                         
                                           n 
                                           , 
                                           
                                             m 
                                             * 
                                           
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       } 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   2 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, x 1  and x 2  denote signals input to a corresponding 2-to-1 encoder from a subband domain, n denotes a time slot index, m denotes a subband index, and * denotes complex conjugate. 
     If the aforementioned example number of levels is not “1”, the input mono signal may, thus, be decoded and output as a multi-channel signal, e.g., according to the multi-channel configuration of the decoding terminal recognized in operation  200 , using such existing CLDs and/or ICCs, in operation  260 . 
     Conversely, if the aforementioned example number of levels is “1”, then, the input down-mixed signal can be up-mixed using the below discussed spatial information generated in operation  230  for up-mixing to a stereo signal, in operation  240 . 
     Successively, temporal processing (TP) or temporal envelope shaping (TES) may then be applied to the up-mixed stereo signal, in operation  250 . Here, operation  250  may be omitted in some embodiments. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates an operation of generating spatial information for the up-mixing of the down-mixed mono signal to a stereo signal using the pre-existing spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed mono signal to multi-channel signals, such as for operation  230 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2B , a CLD′ for generating the stereo signal may be calculated using the pre-existing CLDs of the signal down-mixed from the multi-channel signals, such as generated in an encoding terminal, in operation  232 . Here, the CLD is not an energy decibel difference between two channels but an energy ratio between two channels. Thus, in operation  232 , when the CLD′ is calculated, if a CLD of the OTT, module illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  is “1”, the CLD′ is set to “1”, in one embodiment. Meanwhile if the CLD of the OTT, module is not “1”, the CLD′ can be calculated by the following Equation 3, for example. 
     Equation 3: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     CLD 
                     ′ 
                   
                   = 
                     
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           P 
                           FL 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           P 
                           BL 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0.5 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             P 
                             FC 
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     / 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             P 
                             FR 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             P 
                             BR 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             0.5 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               P 
                               FC 
                             
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                       ↵ 
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     = 
                       
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         
                           [ 
                           
                             
                               P 
                               FL 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               P 
                               BL 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               0.5 
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       P 
                                       FL 
                                     
                                     + 
                                     
                                       P 
                                       BL 
                                     
                                     + 
                                     
                                       P 
                                       FR 
                                     
                                     + 
                                     
                                       P 
                                       BR 
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 / 
                                 4 
                               
                             
                           
                           ] 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           P 
                           FR 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         P 
                         BR 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         0.5 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 P 
                                 FL 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 P 
                                 BR 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 P 
                                 FR 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 P 
                                 BR 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                           / 
                           4 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   = 
                     
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         
                           CLD 
                           1 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 1 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   CLD 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                             / 
                             8 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             CLD 
                             0 
                           
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                     / 
                     
                       
                         [ 
                         
                           1 
                           + 
                           
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   1 
                                   + 
                                   
                                     CLD 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               / 
                               8 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               CLD 
                               0 
                             
                           
                         
                         ] 
                       
                       ↵ 
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   = 
                     
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         1 
                         + 
                         
                           CLD 
                           1 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           8 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             CLD 
                             0 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             CLD 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                     / 
                     
                       
                         [ 
                         
                           1 
                           + 
                           
                             CLD 
                             1 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             8 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               CLD 
                               0 
                             
                           
                         
                         ] 
                       
                       ↵ 
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, PFL denotes energy of a FL channel, PBL denotes energy of a BL channel, PFC denotes energy of a FC channel, PFR denotes energy of a FR channel, and PBR denotes energy of a BR channel. Further, CLID 0  denotes such a CLD as that of the OTT 0  module illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , and CLD, denotes such a CLD as that of the OTT, module illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , for example. 
     Then, an ICC′ for generating the stereo signal may be calculated using the pre-existing CLDs or ICCs of the signal down-mixed from the multi-channel signals, such as generated in an encoding terminal, in operation  234 . 
     In one embodiment, in operation  234 , the ICC′ may be calculated using the techniques described below. 
     Firstly, an ICC′ may be calculated using linear interpolation. Here, the ICC′ can be calculated by the following Equation 4, for example.
 
ICC′=α*ICC a +(1−α)*ICC b   Equation 4:
 
     Here, ICCx denotes an ICC of an OTTx module, CLDx denotes a CLD of the OTTx module, and a may be a constant. 
     Secondly, a corresponding ICC′ may be read using a look-up table. Here, the ICC′ can be read by the following Equation 5, for example.
 
ICC′=LUT(ICC 0 , . . . , ICC N , CLD 0 , . . . , CLD N )  Equation 5:
 
     Here, ICCx denotes an ICC of an OTTx module and CLDx denotes a CLD of the OTTx module. 
     The ICC′ corresponding to the ICC 0 , . . . , ICCN, CLD 0 , . . . , CLDN may then be searched for and read from a prepared look-up table. However, it is also possible to use only a specific ICCx or CLDx instead of using all of the ICC 0 , . . . , ICCN, CLD 0 , . . . , CLDN. 
     Thirdly, the ICC′ may be calculated using correlation of ICCs. For example, in the aforementioned second 5-1-5 tree structure, the ICC′ may be calculated by the following Equation 6. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ICC 
                     ′ 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             CLD 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ICC 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           a 
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               1 
                               + 
                               
                                 CLD 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             
                               CLD 
                               0 
                             
                             b 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ICC 
                           0 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           a 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             
                               CLD 
                               0 
                             
                             ⁡ 
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 1 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   CLD 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                           b 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             CLD 
                             1 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             
                               
                                 a 
                                 4 
                               
                               ⁡ 
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       CLD 
                                       0 
                                     
                                     b 
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       1 
                                       + 
                                       
                                         CLD 
                                         1 
                                       
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           a 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             CLD 
                             0 
                           
                           b 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             1 
                             + 
                             
                               CLD 
                               1 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           CLD 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           a 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             CLD 
                             0 
                           
                           b 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             1 
                             + 
                             
                               CLD 
                               1 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             1 
                             + 
                             
                               1 
                               
                                 CLD 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   6 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, ICC x  is an ICC of an OTT x  module, CLD x  is a CLD of the OTT x  module, and a and b may be constants. 
     In this example, the equation 6 can be derived using the following Equations 7-12. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       ICC 
                       ′ 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               L 
                               ′ 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               a 
                               · 
                               C 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         · 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               R 
                               
                                 ′ 
                                 * 
                               
                             
                             + 
                             
                               a 
                               · 
                               
                                 C 
                                 
                                   ′ 
                                   * 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 P 
                                 
                                   L 
                                   ′ 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 P 
                                 C 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                           · 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 P 
                                 
                                   R 
                                   ′ 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 P 
                                 C 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   7 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       CLD 
                       0 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         b 
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               P 
                               
                                 L 
                                 ′ 
                               
                             
                             + 
                             
                               P 
                               
                                 R 
                                 ′ 
                               
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       
                         P 
                         C 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   8 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       CLD 
                       1 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         P 
                         
                           L 
                           ′ 
                         
                       
                       
                         P 
                         
                           R 
                           ′ 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   9 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       ICC 
                       0 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             L 
                             ′ 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             C 
                             * 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             R 
                             ′ 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             C 
                             * 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 P 
                                 
                                   L 
                                   ′ 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 P 
                                 
                                   R 
                                   ′ 
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             P 
                             C 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   10 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       ICC 
                       1 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           L 
                           ′ 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           R 
                           ′ 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             P 
                             
                               L 
                               ′ 
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             P 
                             
                               R 
                               ′ 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   11 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         A 
                         + 
                         B 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     2 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                            
                           A 
                            
                         
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                            
                           B 
                            
                         
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         2 
                         · 
                         A 
                         · 
                         B 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                            
                           A 
                            
                         
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                            
                           B 
                            
                         
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         2 
                         · 
                         
                           ICC 
                           AB 
                         
                         · 
                         
                            
                           A 
                            
                         
                         · 
                         
                            
                           B 
                            
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   12 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, L′ denotes a subband signal of a left channel of a target, R′ denotes a subband signal of a right channel of the target, C′ denotes a subband signal of a center channel of the target, PL′ denotes energy of the left channel of the target, PR′ denotes energy of the right channel of the target, PC′ denotes energy of the center channel of the target, a is a constant, and * denotes complex conjugate. Here, a may be set to “1/squrt(2)” and b may be set to “1”, for example. 
     The above Equation 6 can be obtained by substituting the Equations 1 through 11 for the Equation 12 using inner product principle. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a spatial information generating component, as a spatial information generator  300 , with an up-mixing unit  310 , and a TP/TES applying unit  320 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, such a configuration can be implemented in cooperation with the aforementioned first and second tree structures of  FIGS. 1A and 1B , respectively. 
     The spatial information generator  300  generates spatial information for generating the stereo signal, using pre-existing spatial information for the input down-mixed mono signal, e.g., as previously generated during a down-mixing to the mono signal from multi-channel signals in an encoding terminal. Again, though the spatial information has been discussed as being CLDs or ICCs, embodiments of the present invention is not limited thereto. 
     Here, the spatial information generator  300  may include a CLD′ calculator  302  and an ICC′ calculator  304 . 
     The CLD′ calculator  302  may calculate a CLD′ for generating the stereo signal, using pre-existing CLDs of the signal down-mixed from the multi-channel signals, such as generated in an encoding terminal, which may be received through an input terminal IN 1 , for example. Here, the CLD is not an energy decibel difference between two channels but an energy ratio between two channels. When the CLD′ calculator  302  calculates the CLD′, if a CLD of the OTT1 module illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  is “1”, the CLD′ is set to “1”, in one embodiment. If the CLD of the OTT1 module is not “1”, the CLD′ can be calculated by the aforementioned Equation 3. 
     The ICC′ calculator  304  may further calculate an ICC′ for generating the stereo signal, using pre-existing CLDs or ICCs of the down-mixed signal, e.g., with the ICCs being received through an input terminal IN 2 . At this time, the ICC′ can be calculated using any of the above techniques describe in Equations 4-12. 
     The up-mixing unit  310  may then up-mix a down-mixed signal, e.g., received through an input terminal IN 0 , to a stereo signal, using the spatial information generated by the spatial information generator  300 , such as the CLD′ calculated by the CLD′ calculator  302  and the ICC′ calculated by the ICC′ calculator  304 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a component for outputting such a generated stereo signal, according to an embodiment the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 4 , a down-mixed mono signal m can be up-mixed using the spatial information generated by the spatial information generator  300 , such as the CLD′ calculated by the CLD′ calculator  302  and the ICC′ calculated by the ICC′ calculator  304 , to a left signal (L) and a right signal (R) by an OTT module, so that the stereo signal is generated. 
     The TP/TES applying unit  320  illustrated in  FIG. 3  may further apply TP or TES to the stereo signal up-mixed by the up-mixing unit  310 , for example. The TP/TES applying unit  320  may, thus, output the resultant signal to which the TP or TES is applied, as a left signal and a right signal, e.g., through an output terminal OUT 1  and an output terminal OUT 2 , respectively. 
     In addition to the above described embodiments, embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented through computer readable code/instructions in/on a medium, e.g., a computer readable medium, to control at least one processing element to implement any above described embodiment. The medium can correspond to any medium/media permitting the storing and/or transmission of the computer readable code. 
     The computer readable code can be recorded/transferred on a medium in a variety of ways, with examples of the medium including magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM, floppy disks, hard disks, etc.), optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROMs, or DVDs), and storage/transmission media such as carrier waves, as well as through the Internet, for example. Here, the medium may further be a signal, such as a resultant signal or bitstream, according to embodiments of the present invention. The media may also be a distributed network, so that the computer readable code is stored/transferred and executed in a distributed fashion. Still further, as only an example, the processing element could include a processor or a computer processor, and processing elements may be distributed and/or included in a single device. 
     In a stereo signal generating method, medium, and system, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a down-mixed signal can be selectively up-mixed to a stereo signal, by generating spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to the stereo signal, using spatial information for up-mixing the down-mixed signal to a multi-channel signal. 
     Accordingly, since a down-mixed mono signal, e.g., as generated from a down-mixing of multi-channel signals in an encoding terminal, is up-mixed to be suitable for a stereo signal, it is possible to improve tone quality of the resultant stereo signal. 
     Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.