Patent Publication Number: US-11659124-B2

Title: Kinematic assessment and verification of paper documents for processing and analysis thereof

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/122,318, filed on Dec. 7, 2020, entitled AUTOMATED FRAUD ASSESSMENT KINEMATIC ELEMENTS, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates to kinematic assessment devices and processes for using the assessment results to assist in processing documents. More specifically, this disclosure relates to kinematic assessment of paper documents. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A large number of paper documents are printed every year for many purposes, some of which include modifications thereof that must be authenticated. Some paper documents have specific alignment requirements and specific and unique signatures that must be verified. Methods and apparatus for assessing various verification aspects of a paper document need improving. 
     SUMMARY 
     This disclosure provides kinematic assessment and verification of paper documents for processing and analysis thereof. 
     A see through apparatus receives a paper document. The see through apparatus includes a first scanning element, a second scanning element, and a processor coupled to the first scanning element and the second scanning element. Each of the first and second scanning elements illuminate a respective side of the paper document while the other scanning element captures an image. The processor detects kinematic artifacts on the paper document and determines that the paper document is fraudulent based on the detected kinematic artifacts. The processor also detects an alignment feature from the image capture from the first image or the second image, and determines that the document is not aligned based on the detected alignment feature. 
     Various technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an exemplary kinematic assessment machine used for processing paper documents in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an exemplary paper document authenticator in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIGS.  3 A and  3 B  illustrate a front side and back side of a paper document in accordance with this disclosure 
         FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  illustrate exemplary alignment indicia in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    illustrates an exemplary “see through” apparatus with a first and second scanning elements for a paper document authenticator in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an exemplary scanning element and illumination element for a paper document authenticator in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an exemplary hard coded rules for a ballot in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIGS.  8 A through  8 L  illustrate fill patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents from an eye subject viewpoint and a computer vision analysis in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIGS.  9 A through  9 G  illustrate fill patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents in accordance with this disclosure; 
         FIGS.  10 A through  11 C  illustrate bending kinematic artifacts in accordance with this disclosure; and 
         FIGS.  12 A through  12 F  illustrate comparisons of pristine paper document and kinematic artifacts on paper documents in accordance with this disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers are used herein to designate like elements throughout, the various views and embodiments of automated fraud assessment and verification of kinematic elements associated with paper documents are illustrated and described, and other possible embodiments are described. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in some instances the drawings have been exaggerated and/or simplified in places for illustrative purposes only. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the many possible applications and variations based on the following examples of possible embodiments. 
     When machines perform and print documents they must operate within “hard rules,” such as “where to print,” “what flow/viscosity” and “fill to what tolerance (as with the oval space or square space allotted for human interaction).” Thus, machines can only operate within the “hard rules” as they duplicate documents. Accordingly, machines are programmed and manufactured with extreme exacting tolerance measures. 
     When humans perform manual functions (such as filling in a paper document) they inherently operate within “soft rules”. Soft rules mean not have an exacting mathematical measuring system to gauge and perform each function but are guided with visual guidance systems that are as good as the acuity of their individual eyesight. Soft rules mean the human element inputs are wildly variable and not exact or consistent. Additionally, additional human dynamic artifacts are present in each and every transaction. 
     Paper documents printed in mass during a relatively short window in order would be present over and above the paper document being “devoid of kinematic artifacts,” “code irregularities” and other nefarious inferences, such as missing envelopes, surge patterns and batch feeding patterns. These additional indicators would be within at least three areas which can be rapidly determined by traditional computer vision methods (feeding of paper document through an optics system). These three areas are not exhaustive as to possible areas. An additional indicator can include the human dynamics of ink placement and disbursement (disbursement defined as (i) proper disbursement; (ii) surface energy; (iii) dwell time; (iv) print head; and (v) pigment interactions (in human dynamics all variable/dynamic soft rules). Other additional indicators can include the machine dynamics of ink placement and disbursement (disbursement defined as (i) proper disbursement; (ii) surface energy; (iii) dwell time; (iv) print head; and (v) pigment interactions (in machines all fixed hard rules). 
     The process of printing the ballot itself is a direct reflection of hard rules required by machines. Similar to the lines making up the courts and fields in sports, the lines on paper documents are provided by hard rules. Breaking the hard rules requires accessing a penalty. using the sports comparison as an example, stepping out of bounds incurs a penalty of a turnover or stop of play. The voting machines that print 100% of the ballots are subjected to these rules, which are reflected mathematically in the ballots. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a kinematic assessment machine  100  in accordance with this disclosure. The embodiment of the kinematic assessment machine  100  illustrated in  FIG.  1    is for illustration only.  FIG.  1    does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of an electronic device. 
     This application provides a system and methods for quickly determining proper alignment of documents and determining documents not properly aligned. The documents identified as not properly aligned can be considered faulty and removed from the production. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , a kinematic assessment machine  100  is an apparatus for determining whether paper documents  104  are misaligned. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can include a paper document authenticator  102 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can receive a paper document  104  through a receiving tray. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can further include components for detecting alignment of dual sided paper documents  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can perform any standard procedure for determining alignment of the dual sided paper documents  104 . 
     The paper document authenticator  102  can be integrated into existing components of the kinematic assessment machine  100  or an external module that is combined with the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     The paper document authenticator  102  reads and authenticates each paper document  104 . The paper document authenticator  102  can be integral with the kinematic assessment machine  100 , physically coupled to the kinematic assessment machine  100 , electrically coupled to the kinematic assessment machine  100 , communicatively coupled to the kinematic assessment machine  100 , or completely separate from the kinematic assessment machine  100 . In certain embodiments, the paper document authenticator  102  could be implemented as software loaded on an electrical device, such as a cell phone. The paper document authenticator  102  can determine whether a paper document is authentic and provide an indication of the authenticity to a user of the kinematic assessment machine  100 . Specific indicators of machine-printed vs. human completed paper documents can be rapidly determined by computer vision methods, including identification of kinematic artifacts, inferential statistical analysis, near-duplicate image detection, etc. 
     Identification of kinematic artifacts is a process for identifying visual and forensic signs of markers created as a result of being dominated by kinematics of folded papers. Quickly duplicated paper documents of a nefarious nature should be devoid of kinematic artifacts or markers. All postal paper documents should exclusively show the visual and forensic signs of markers created as a result of being dominated by the kinematics of the folding. For instance, an unfolded, pristine paper document has a low likelihood of being sent through the mail. It would be nearly impossible for a paper document to appear this way through the mail. Even a user taking the utmost amount of care to preserve the pristine nature of the paper document would still have to send through the postal service or the person moving the paper documents from the drop box to the counting facilities. Additionally, differences can exist between a paper document folded by a machine prior to delivery by mail and folded by hand. 
     During the analysis of a paper document, various analysis tools may be used, one of which is “Bayesian Probability” that is applied to a digitized version of a given paper document or an optical analysis of the paper document. It should be understood that all or any portion of a paper document can be analyzed by multiple analysis techniques. The paper document, in one example, could be digitized and stored as a digital file, and all or a portion of the digitized file analyzed. This digitization could be facilitated with a scanner, or an optical camera. The goal in digitization is to convert an optical analog form of the paper document, i.e., the visual image that can be viewed by a person, to a plurality of digital pixels. Additionally, this digitized form would preferably have a relatively high resolution so that any portion of the original paper document can be thoroughly analyzed after digitization. It is important to understand that the human eye averages any portion of something that is being viewed in a given scene, whereas the high resolution pixilated and digitized form can be analyzed by a computer to extract considerably more information from a given scene/image, as compared to the human eye. 
     The visual evidence of paper documents being “devoid of kinematic artifacts” is, in one example, defined as a situation where a paper document could be determined to have been processed in other than an expected manner. For example, if the paper document were to be involved in a process requiring a rigid sequence of handling steps, such as a paper voting ballot, the process would require handling form and the result of each handling step would have associated there with some type of kinematic artifact. In one example, the sequence to create this paper voting ballot could be required to follow the following: 1) define a particular paper stock that is unique, and which can be examined to determine the type of paper stock, the size of the paper document, the type of fiber associated therewith and optical characteristics that would be uniquely associated therewith, 2) print information on the unique paper document created with a printer that can be uniquely identified via its optical properties associated with the ink and with potential identifying code buried in the text, this possibly even involving some type of hidden digital watermark, 3) print unique registration marks on the paper voting ballot that must be placed at a particular location relative to the defined edges of the paper voting ballot, 4) machine fold the printed paper voting ballot, 5) insert the machine folded printed paper voting ballot in an envelope and seal such envelope, and 6) mail the sealed envelope via the US postal office, such that the enclosed paper voting ballot would be subjected to various machines controlled by the US postal office having rollers in the such that would leave certain kinematic artifacts on the paper voting ballots indicating interface of the paper voting ballots with such rollers and the such associated with the various US Post Office processing machines. In this example, a paper voting ballot, after processing at a voting facility would be expected to have kinematic artifacts associated with each step of the above process. If it could be determined that the particular paper stock was not as expected, Inc. associated with printing was not as expected, the registration mark was not as expected, there was no fold or it was determined that the fold was done by human, or that there were no indication of any processing marked expected from processing a document through US postal office, each of these could be considered being “devoid of kinematic artifacts.” 
     Such a situation above could occur when only recently printed paper ballots that were not mailed were then fed “en mass” into voting systems this could indicate that process paper voting ballot was not mailed out to a potential voter, nor was the paper document completed by a potential voter and mailed back in according to established voting procedures. Even paper documents  104  mailed once (to potential voters) would have a 100% forensic trace of kinematic artifacts. Bayesian probability can be utilized in one form of analysis, as it is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief. 
     The inferential statistical analysis determines randomness of the information filled in on the paper document. A paper document  104  filled out by a human would display indisputable randomness. The randomness could be determined based on distinct handwriting style and rhythm. The distinctiveness of a pencil or identifiable ink pen, which is discernable from instrument ink. 
     Both thin-layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis can determine if any postal paper document was filled in by human hand and with the use of a random writing instrument. If a paper document is to represent one individual registered voter&#39;s legal vote (specifically from a mail-in paper document perspective) then each paper document would be subject to the random nature of two indisputable facts. First, the individual completing the paper document has a distinct handwriting style and rhythm and such would be evident in the marking of the paper document by hand. Second, for most of the paper documents, voters are instructed to “use only a pencil or ink pen (black or blue) to mark your paper document.” 
     A statically probability can be determined on a basis of determining whether a paper document being was filled in by hand or was the paper document “machined completed.” The following are the kinematic variances that would be present if the paper documents were complete by a random selection of voters at home. 
     The relevance of being devoid of kinematic variances: Sampling of any number of paper documents (mail-in) submitted should have present characteristics of “random article of commerce” distribution and market share patterns. In other words, forensically, the writing instrument used can be determined and that use of that instrument use should directly equate the manufacturers market share for a particular market. Conversely, if a mechanical or systematically organized method of nefarious completion of paper documents will reveal itself in the chemical patterns of the paper documents. 
     Examples expected variances could be: (i) if the paper documents were subject to a machine printed single run, the ink dot would be expected to match the ink formulation used for paper document, or; (ii) if the paper documents were subject to a machine printed double run, the ink dot be expected to be of a different ink BUT occur in succession or in propensity of the same “second ink” on subsequent paper documents or, alternatively, the majority of paper documents, and finally; (iii) if traditional ball point pens were used to manufacture paper documents, then two patterns would emerge based on the following market fact: ink companies keep their exact ink formulas well-guarded, but almost all ballpoint pen inks consist of one or more color pigments or dyes dissolved or suspended in a solvent. Thus, the chemical signature can show a systematic use of one type of pen in bulk or display a systematic swapping of pens in a measurable pattern of rotation. 
     Near-duplicate image detection can be performed on the paper document to determine repetition of paper documents  104 . For example, machine duplicated paper documents can be devoid of random fill, form and artifacts. The paper document authenticator  102  can compare the information provided in multiple paper documents in order to identify machine repetition. Machine duplicated paper documents (printed with votes or subjected to systematic nefarious efforts) would be subject to fraud detection based on what is considered “near-duplicated image analysis.” If postal votes, i.e., those that were mailed to the US postal office, were mechanically inserted they would display a propensity for (i) common placement and (ii) equidistant characteristics, which are two different detection techniques. Near-duplicate image detection would catch possibly the same nefarious activities my mechanized means of that which thin-layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis would expose but can be done on a faster basis en masse. 
     For example, if an individual could handle a paper document and mark it individually at an estimated a twenty second process per paper document (which with human variances for attention would actually extend the time), 800,000 paper documents would take 9.2592593 continuous days to complete. If this was done on any scale for any voting area in real time, to generate this number of votes would by necessity have to of had been mechanized in order to maintain such printing “safe from exposure.” Considering, for example, a six-hour window if such things were manually created by human “after seeing votes come in,” this would of have taken 222.22 hours or 180 paper documents completed by person per hour. Considering a six-hour window, this effort in human terms would take ninety three people per hundred thousand paper documents. This would realistically lean towards mechanization in order to achieve the correct results. 
     Although  FIG.  1    illustrate a kinematic assessment machine  100 , various changes may be made to  FIG.  1   . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the kinematic assessment machine  100  and its individual components can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various components of the kinematic assessment machine  100  can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the kinematic assessment machine  100  may be used in any other suitable paper document counting process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example paper document authenticator  102  for automated fraud assessment kinematic elements according to this disclosure. One or more instances of the paper document authenticator  102  (or portions thereof) may, for example, be used to at least partially implement the functionality of the kinematic assessment machine  100  of  FIG.  1   . However, the functionality of the kinematic assessment machine  100  may be implemented in any other suitable manner. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , the paper document authenticator  102  denotes a computing device or system that includes at least one processing device  202 , at least one storage device  204 , at least one communications unit  206 , and at least one input/output (I/O) unit  208 . The processing device  202  may execute instructions that can be loaded into a memory  210 . The processing device  202  includes any suitable number(s) and type(s) of processors or other devices in any suitable arrangement. Example types of processing devices  202  include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs, ASICs, GPUs, FPGAs, or discrete circuitry. 
     The memory  210  and a persistent storage  212  are examples of storage devices  204 , which represent any structure(s) capable of storing and facilitating retrieval of information (such as data, program code, and/or other suitable information on a temporary or permanent basis). The memory  210  may represent a random access memory or any other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage device(s). The persistent storage  212  may contain one or more components or devices supporting longer-term storage of data, such as a read only memory, hard drive, Flash memory, or optical disc. 
     The communications unit  206  supports communications with other systems or devices. For example, the communications unit  206  can include a network interface card or a wireless transceiver facilitating communications over a wired or wireless network. The communications unit  206  may support communications through any suitable physical or wireless communication link(s). 
     The I/O unit  208  allows for input and output of data. For example, the I/O unit  208  may provide a connection for user input through a keyboard, mouse, keypad, touchscreen, or other suitable input device. The I/O unit  208  may also send output to a display or other suitable output device. Note, however, that the I/O unit  208  may be omitted if the paper document authenticator  102  does not require local I/O, such as when the paper document authenticator  102  can be accessed remotely or operated autonomously. 
     In some embodiments, the instructions executed by the processing device  202  can include instructions that implement all or portions of the functionality of the kinematic assessment machine  100  described above. For example, the instructions executed by the processing device  202  can include instructions for automated fraud assessment kinematic elements as described above. 
     Although  FIG.  2    illustrates one example of a paper document authenticator  102  for automated fraud assessment kinematic elements, various changes may be made to  FIG.  2   . For example, computing devices and systems come in a wide variety of configurations, and  FIG.  2    does not limit this disclosure to any particular computing device or system. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a paper document  104  in accordance with this disclosure. The embodiment of the paper document  104  illustrated in  FIG.  3    is for illustration only.  FIG.  3    does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of a paper document. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the paper document  104  can have printing on both a front side  300  and a back side  302 . The paper document can include a number of features including a title  304 , user information  306 , location information  308 , a QR code  310 , descriptive text  312 , response bubble area  314 , corresponding form information or corresponding envelope information  316 , a signature area  318 , a front alignment marker  320 , a back alignment marker  322 , etc. 
     The printing on each side of the paper document  104  can be applied one side at a time or on special printers that print on both sides. For one-sided printers, the paper document  104  can be refed by the kinematic assessment machine  100  or refed by a user. Printing on both sides of the paper document may not be the same but can require specific alignment. When the paper document is refed, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine whether the alignment is correct. With respect to alignment, if the alignment is not correct, what typically happens is that the ballot that is fed into the machine is rejected. In such a situation, a human individual then adjudicates the ballot and actually interprets what was on the ballot and enter such information manually into the voting system. This could potentially result in a different individual entering the vote then the one filling out the voting ballot. If, for some reason, the alignment mark were misaligned original printed ballot, this could result in a large number of ballots being rejected. 
     The title  304  information can provide a general description of contents or purpose of the paper document  104 . The title  304  can be located on the front side of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the title  304  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the title  304  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the title  304  of the paper document  104  and compare the title  304  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the title  304  when authenticating paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the title  304  includes an outline around an area for the title  304 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . In some embodiments, the outline or the title  304  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . 
     For each of the outlines below, the outlines can have a known or specified structure and can also have known or specified relation with other outlines. In certain embodiments, the outline of the title  304  can have top and bottom side that are parallel with a right and a left side that are parallel. The outline of the title  304  can have left and right sides that are perpendicular to the top and bottom sides. In certain embodiments, the outline can have slightly oblique angles for purposes of authentication or alignment by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . For example, the title  304  can have right side of the outline form an oblique angle with the top side and the bottom side of the outline. Altering an obliqueness for one or more of the lines in the outline can aid in identifying unauthenticated paper documents. For example, if the design of the paper documents  104  includes a right edge that is oblique to the top and bottom edges, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that a paper document  104  with a left edge that is oblique to the top and bottom edges is not authentic. The altering of the shape of outlines for the different components of the paper document can also aid in the alignment process. Lines that make oblique angles with respect to adjacent edges on opposite sides of a paper document  104  can be identified easily and without prior knowledge of which lines are going to be altered. In other words, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can view the outlines of the components of the paper documents  104  and identify an edge of a component that is at an oblique angle to an adjacent edge and “look through” the paper document  104  to determine alignment. This method would not require prior knowledge of the alignment edges on the paper document  104 . 
     A location of the title  304  or shape of the area of the title  304  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the title  304  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a front side  300  of the paper document  104 , the title  304  could alternatively or dually be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the title  304  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the title  304  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the title  304  is misaligned based on comparing the title  304  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the title  304  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the title  304  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the title  304  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the title  304  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance of one edge from a center of the title  304  on the front side  300  to a center of the title  304  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the title  304  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify pertinent user information  306 . The user information  306  can provide an identity of an individual completing the paper document  104 . The user information  306  can be compared to a list in a separate database corresponding to the purpose of the paper document, for example, a student scheduled to take a test or a voter from a voter registration role. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can print an amount of paper documents  102  corresponding to an amount of test takers or paper document users and print each name in the user information  306  on a respective form. Other information of the user can also be included in the user information  306 . For example, the user information  306  could include a mailing address, a phone number, a birthdate, specific user number, etc. The user information  306  can be used in confirming the correct user to fill out the paper document  104 . For example, the user  306  could provide identification with an address, phone number, and/or birthdate to compare with the user information  306  printed on the paper document  104 . The user information  306  can also be compared to a list in a database to authenticate the paper document  104  once the user has filled out the response. 
     The user information  306  can be located on the front side of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the user information  306  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the user information  306  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the user information  306  of the paper document  104  and compare the user information  306  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the user information  306  when authenticating paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the user information  306  includes an outline around an area of the user information  306 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can compare the edge of the outline for the user information  306  to the edge of an outline for the title  304 . The lines around the user information  306  should be parallel or perpendicular to the lines around the title  304 . In some embodiments, the outline or the user information  306  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . 
     A location of the user information  306  or shape of the area of the user information  306  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the user information  306  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . In certain embodiments, the user information  306  can have a known distance from the title  304 . The distance can be from centers of the user information  306  and the title  304 , offsets from an edge of the user information  306  and the title  304 , space between the user information  306  and the title  304 , etc. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also use a combination of distances between the user information  306 , the title  304 , and/or an edge of the paper document  104  for determining alignment. In certain embodiments, the distance can be different but known. For instance, an offset of the user information  306  from an edge of the paper document  104  can be smaller or larger than an offset of the title  304  from an edge of the paper document  104 . 
     While illustrated on a front side  300  of the paper document  104 , the user information  306  could alternatively or dually be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the user information  306  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the user information  306  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the user information  306  is misaligned based on comparing the user information  306  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the user information  306  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the user information  306  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the user information  306  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the user information  306  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the user information  306  on the front side  300  to a center of the user information  306  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the user information  306  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the user information  306  can be compared to another component on an opposite side, such as the title  304 . The user information  306  can be located on one side of the paper document  104  and the title  304  can be located on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . The user information  306 , when viewed through the paper document  104 , can align with the title  304  in some manner. For example, a center of the user information  306  on the front side  300  of the paper document  104  can be centered with the title  304  on the back side  302 . In another example where the areas or the boxes are different for the title  304  and the user information  306 , a corner of the outline for the user information  306  can be aligned with a corner of the title  304  on opposite sides of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine alignment of the printing on the paper document  104  based on aligning the corners of the user information  306  and the title  304  through the paper document  104 . 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify location information  308  on the paper document  104 . The location information  308  can include location information related  308  to the paper document itself. In certain embodiments, the location information  308  can include information related to a printing location of the paper document. For example, for some standardized test, paper documents  104  are printed throughout a country, such as the United States. The paper documents  104  need to be somewhat standardized for every test taker or voter regardless of location. In other embodiments, the tests or the vote layout can be standardized based on region, state, county, etc. When the paper documents  104  are returned for assessment, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can compare the location information  308  of the printer with other location information to authenticate the paper document  308 . 
     In certain embodiments, the location information  308  can be related to a location that the paper document  104  is to be delivered. The delivery location can be to a specified organization that is administering the test or vote tabulation and the location information  308  can be used to authenticate that the correct organization is receiving the paper documents  104 . Each administering location can have a kinematic assessment machine  100  that authenticates the paper documents  104  before and/or after the paper documents  104  have been completed. For instance, when the location information  100  for a specific administering location includes a mistake for that address or identifies a different administering location on the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is not authenticated for that administering location address. 
     In certain embodiments, the location information can be related to a location at which the paper document  104  is to be completed. The location can be to a specified building or address where the test is being administered and the location information  308  can be used to authenticate that it is the correct location for completing the paper documents  104 . Each location can have a kinematic assessment machine  100  that authenticates the paper documents  104  before and/or after the paper documents  104  have been completed. For instance, when the location information  100  for a specific location includes a mistake for that address or identifies a different location on the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is not authenticated for that location address where the paper document is to be completed. 
     The location information  308  can be located on the front side of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the location information  308  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the location information  308  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used to for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the location information  308  of the paper document  104  and compare location information  308  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the location information  308  when authenticating paper document  104 . For example, the location information  308  can be designed to be printed below the user info  306  of the paper document. When the location information  308  is not below the user information  306 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is not authentic. As another example, the location information  308  can be designed to be narrower across a width of the paper document  104  and longer in a height of the paper document. When these relations in size are different, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determined that the paper document  104  is not authentic. As another example, the location information can have a larger total area than the user info  306  but a smaller overall area than the title. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can authenticate the paper document  104  based on the relation between the sizes of one or more of the components on the paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the location information  308  includes an outline around an area for the location information  308 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . A top edge of the location information  308  can be offset from a lower edge of the user information  306 . The left and right edges of the location information  308  can be parallel to the right and left edges of the user information  306 . The location information  308  can be aligned with user information  306 , the title  304 , or both. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document is authentic or aligned based on the spatial relationships of the location information  308 , the user information  306  and the title  304 . 
     In some embodiments, the outline of the location information  308  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . For example, the location information  308  can be compared to either the user information  306  or the title  304  located on opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     A location of the location information  308  or shape of the area of the location information  308  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the location information  308  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a front side  300  of the paper document  104 , the location information  308  could alternatively or dually be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the location information  308  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the location information  308  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the location information  308  is misaligned based on comparing the location information  308  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the location information  308  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the location information  308  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the location information  308  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the location information  308  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the location information  308  on the front side  300  to a center of the location information  308  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the location information  308  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the QR code  310  can include information related to the arrangement, sizes, and any other distinguishing features of the components of the paper document  104 . For example, the paper document authenticator  102  can scan the QR code  310  and determine which features to check for authentication and alignment of the paper document  104 . Storing the authentication and alignment information in the QR code  310  can reduce the opportunity for nefarious actors to manipulate the system. The QR code  310  can be designed in a manner that the paper document authenticator  102  can read the QR code  310  to identify authentication and alignment information that a typical QR code reader may not be able to identify. 
     The paper document authenticator  102  can perform QR-code fraud detection to determine BDM irregularities or can perform repetition and frequency fraud detection. Systems which utilized QR Codes as the encoding mechanism have built in tracking systems. These identifiers being tagged can include official paper document designation, election title, date, the party, county name, seal, paper document style, precinct number, serial number (a numeric identification for the precinct), measured response identifier (who is being voted for), voter selection identifications numbers. Encoding can identify the voter selection identifications in the same order in which they are printed on the paper document. The QR code can be used by the various tally systems to read and process the votes cast on the paper document. These QR codes can be used to detect voter fraud and election fraud in several ways. 
     A first way to detect fraud can include conducting routine logic and accuracy testing on all paper document styles as soon as printed paper documents  104  are delivered. This logic and accuracy test is completed prior to mailing or issuing any paper documents to voters. Most fail to run this check and the lack of this check is more common when multiple postal paper documents  104  are sent far in advance of a due date for return of the document. The paper document authenticator  102  can perform a Coding Accuracy Support System (CASS) certification (postal barcode) to showing a postal paper document  104  was actually mailed in the received envelope. The paper document authenticator  102  matches an envelope QR code to a voting paper document QR code. The paper document authenticator  102  can determine whether a code is repeated within a voting system. Repetition of codes could denote a “copied paper document” meaning a higher probability that it was copied on a copy machine and inserted into the system numerous times. Currently, the various voting systems do not account for “duplicate codes.” As a general note, the codes issued correspond to how and where the an authorized individual completes the paper document. This makes an original unique code a new code by default, showing as, for example, a vote and who they voted for. However, the original code reflects a no vote since the paper document is supposedly blank at the onset. 
     Repetition of the code can also be identified based on format frequency. Format frequency meaning a particular “selection of candidate format.” Humans are inherently lazy and nefarious votes being cast by lazy humans would tend to not vote anything other than for a primary candidate such as a president or another primary concern in an election. Thus, the “selection of candidates” becomes a subsequent “readable pattern” in the voting system. The readable pattern, when repeated in propensity, becomes an “identifying code itself” This statistic, compared to a “global compare,” the comparison of all paper documents cast, and “party compare,” the comparison of all paper documents compared within a party set, further creates a comparable pattern. The global compare and party compare can be applied local, state and nationwide, potentially using “format frequency” to reveal election fraud. The format frequency can also be compared to “control teams” or “vote handlers” to determine and identify possible irregularities. 
     Another example of possible irregularities can include checking an amount of codes issued and mailed. The paper document authenticator  102  can determine whether more codes were reported than were issued or mailed. More codes being reported would indicate some election fraud. Another authentication measure is to compare a name on submitted paper document with a name on an envelope in which the paper document was mailed. 
     In certain embodiments, the paper documents  104  can include voting ballots. QR Codes can be printed on the voting ballots. QR codes can have encoded information that identifies a user in a particular group, location, etc. If such QR codes was opted for, and the system execute a functional routine of the “voters who voted and their affiliation (global set)” and compared this result to voters whose votes show different than party affiliation and then show the “overall variances.” Such a variance could indicate a trend for “x” to vote for a different party this time around, but that “x” in certain areas shows itself as “xx” or “xxx” (local, state or national), then there is a distinct probability the systems are reading the “party affiliated designation” and changing votes in system. 
     Each paper document can be coded for “return postage”. Although individuals can manually deliver the ballots to a designated return area, more paper documents can be returned in the mail during a time, such as a pandemic. The returning of paper documents by mail (as normally conducted) can reveal a pattern of nefarious activities. The return postage can be audited by comparing a total number of mail-in paper documents and the pre-paid envelops returned. Large discrepancies in these number can indicate fraud. 
     To search for paper document irregularities, an audit for “mail-in paper documents received and counted” against the mailed paper documents. A numeric check of the mailed paper documents can be compared to the number of paper documents returned by the Post Office, the paper documents received over the counter, the paper document received from drop sites, paper document forward to different entities (e.g., counties, states, etc.), paper documents returned as undeliverable, etc. As a non-limiting example, paper documents that are mail-in ballots includes: (1) for all ballots that fall into the category of “signature and address match”, the corresponding envelope is recorded as “returned” and data entry is completed. The number of envelopes in this category is recorded on a data entry log on a daily basis. (2) A number of paper documents should balance to a number of envelopes stored and flagged as “ready to open and process”. (3) If a significant influx of ballots did not get logged in at the United States Post Office level, then this would be a significant indicator that such ballots circumvented the United States Post Office logging process and came into the back door nefariously. (4) Logging is required at all drop off locations. If a paper document is nefariously rushed into the system, the log in process would be skipped and the paper document would be directly transferred to the voting system processing. 
     The audit would detect a discrepancy trail based on the paper document showing up in the voting system processing without log-in processing. 
     QR codes, if deployed, can leave an audit trail. The QR codes, when read by the kinematic assessment machine  100 , can show the data signatures of the QR codes, which are a widely used, open format for encoding data in a resilient two-dimensional barcode. Because it is an open format, there are numerous applications, many of them free, that are publicly available for scanning and decoding a QR code, so that the contents may be read. A voter could, therefore, use any QR code reader to decode the vote selections QR code on their paper document and verify that the selections encoded in the QR code are identical to the selections printed on the paper document. 
     As an example, when the QR code printed on the paper document shown in  FIG.  3 A  is scanned by a QR code reader, the following data can appear.
         VER:A.SEL:4N/4E/H/J/3C/#k/35/45/4S/45/3Z/4A/X/3Q/3S/3U/3W/3Y/N/Y   BMD:0000046.SIG:4R57D5C44QKEJRS3OBF33PLOZ6U9THBR74NTA1VVH   K09E6NFDH3DWXPY8Q9ZF6VD0LAQ1E6IY6AGQC1S4TG095N8NEN3AFOET12       

     Cross Checking the “data fields” and looking for systematic patterns is what will reveal the election fraud. The codes (in most systems) break down in a sequence similar to the sequence shown above in relation to the information in TABLE 1. This data is stored as a string of text organized in a key-value pair format designed for the ballot marking device (BMD) or the kinematic assessment machine  100 . Table 1 provides a breakdown and description of the key-value pairs in the example above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Description of key-value pairs encoded in the vote selections QR code 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Key 
                 Value 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 VER 
                 A 
                 Version of the VSAP key- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 value format 
               
               
                 SEL 
                 4N/4E/H/J/3C/3K/35/4S/3Z/4A/X/ 
                 The vote selection IDs listed 
               
               
                   
                 3Q/3S/3U/3W/3Y/N/Y 
                 in the same order as those 
               
               
                   
                   
                 printed on the paper document 
               
               
                 BMD 
                 0000046 
                 Device ID of the BMDS 
               
               
                 SIG 
                 4R57D5C44QKEJRS3OZ6U9TH 
                 The digital signature applied 
               
               
                   
                 BR74NTA1VVHK09E6NFDH4DWXPY8Q9ZF6VD 
                 to the data in the paper 
               
               
                   
                 0LAQ1E6IY6AGQCIS4TG095N8NEN3AFOET12 
                 document activation and vote 
               
               
                   
                   
                 selection QR codes by the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 BMD security module. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     To audit the QR code and verify that the correct vote selections identifications are being transmitted to the tally system, the kinematic assessment machine  100  compares the SEL key values in the QR code with the vote selection identifications printed on the paper document. 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also identify batch feeding patterns. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can audit, for batch feeding, information received at other devices and collected in a central database. Tally systems do not possess functionality to identify non-unique QR codes. A QR codes (or any code for that matter) is not protected against “photocopying” and a photocopy is just as readable as the original. This means any copied code can just be fed into the tally machine repeatedly. However, the repetition of a QR CODE combined with the date/time stamps can identify these fraudulent paper documents. 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify batch feeding in both the machine and the remote tally systems. The kinematic assessment machine  100  identifies batch feeding is through identifying a same code used more than once in the system (could be attributed to accident). However, the kinematic assessment machine  100  identifying the code has been used more than once in the system with repeated sequential date time stamps shows malicious intent. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Automated Timestamp Parsing 
               
               
                 Automated Timestamp Parsing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Timestamp format 
                 Example 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 yyyy-MM-dd*HH:mm:ss:SSS 
                 2017-10-30*02:47:33:899 
               
               
                 yyyy-MM-dd*HH:mm:ss 
                 2017-07-04*13:23:55 
               
               
                 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS ZZZ 
                 11-02-11 16:47:35,985 +0000 
               
               
                 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS 
                 10-06-26 02:31:29,573 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the instance of batch feeding, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify a systematic “rhythm” to the data. If one or more of the same codes shows up in a sequenced nature (insertion one after another in succession), then the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine misuse and malicious intent to change the results. The tally machines can log each item of a transaction is recorded and time stamped, and/or date stamped. Subsequent stamps or codes added by a tally machine can help show both fraud and intent. 
     Human nature in creation of “illegal ballots” can create a specified number of fraudulent candidate ballots to swing an election for a candidate. In certain embodiments, a reduced number of fraudulent opposing ballots are created in an attempt to hide the fraud by showing at least some votes for the challenger of the candidate. The specified number of ballots could take into consideration the reduced number of fraudulent opposing ballots for the challenger. The reduced number of fraudulent opposing ballots can be sporadically intermingled with the specified number of fraudulent candidate ballots. In certain embodiments, legitimate opposing ballots can be sporadically intermingled with the specified number of fraudulent candidate ballots. While these circumstances would be difficult to deduct on the voting result alone, the pattern of how the ballots are introduced into the system reveal the fraud. For example, the opposing ballots could be fed at regular or irregular intervals with the fraudulent candidate ballots. 
     The QR code  310  can be located on a front side of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the QR code  310  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the QR code  310  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used to for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the QR code  310  of the paper document  104  and compare the QR code  310  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the QR code  310  when authenticating paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the QR code  310  includes an outline around an area for the QR code  310 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . In some embodiments, the outline or the QR code  310  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . 
     A location of the QR code  310  or shape of the area of the QR code  310  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the QR code  310  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a front side  300  of the paper document  104 , the QR code  310  could alternatively or dually be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the QR code  310  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the QR code  310  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the QR code  310  is misaligned based on comparing the QR code  310  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the QR code  310  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the QR code  310  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the QR code  310  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the QR code  310  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the QR code  310  on the front side  300  to a center of the QR code  310  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the QR code  310  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     The descriptive text  312  can be printed on either side of the paper document  104 . The descriptive text  312  can include general descriptions of the paper document  104 , accompanying documents, instructions, etc. The descriptive text  312  can also include identification information related to different alignment or authentication designs of the paper document  104 . The descriptive text  312  can be located on the front side of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the descriptive text  312  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the descriptive text  312  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used to for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the descriptive text  312  of the paper document  104  and compare the descriptive text  312  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the descriptive text  312  when authenticating paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the descriptive text  312  includes an outline around an area for the descriptive text  312 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . In some embodiments, the outline or the descriptive text  312  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . A location of the descriptive text  312  or shape of the area of the descriptive text  312  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the descriptive text  312  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a front side  300  of the paper document  104 , the descriptive text  312  could alternatively or dually be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the descriptive text  312  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the descriptive text  312  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the descriptive text  312  is misaligned based on comparing the descriptive text  312  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the descriptive text  312  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the descriptive text  312  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the descriptive text  312  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the descriptive text  312  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the descriptive text  312  on the front side  300  to a center of the descriptive text  312  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the descriptive text  312  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     The response bubble area  314  is designed for a user to enter information related to a test, a survey, a vote, etc. The bubble area  314  can include any number of rows of bubbles and any number of bubbles in each row. Each bubble can include an identifier, such as a letter in a sequence of the bubbles for a row. A bubble in the bubble area  314  identifies a selection from a user that corresponds to an answer for a question or selection from a list of items. In order for a bubble to be read on the sheet, a specific amount of the bubble is filled in. Discussed in greater detail below, the marking on the bubble can be distinguished between a printed bubble and a bubble filled by a user. 
     The response bubble area  314  can be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the response bubble area  314  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the response bubble area  314  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used to for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the response bubble area  314  of the paper document  104  and compare the bubble area  314  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the response bubble area  314  when authenticating paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the response bubble area  314  includes an outline around an area for the response bubble area  314 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . In some embodiments, the outline or the response bubble area  314  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . A location of the response bubble area  314  or shape of the area of the response bubble area  314  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the response bubble area  314  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a back side  302  of the paper document  104 , the response bubble area  314  could alternatively or dually be located on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the response bubble area  314  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the response bubble area  314  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the response bubble area  314  is misaligned based on comparing the response bubble area  314  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the response bubble area  314  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the response bubble area  314  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the response bubble area  314  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the response bubble area  314  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the response bubble area  314  on the front side  300  to a center of the response bubble area  314  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the response bubble area  314  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, a specific bubble can be identified to match with a specific component on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can print the rows of bubbles in a manner that when light is shined through the paper document  104 , a specific set of rows is covered by the QR code  310  on the opposite side. In another embodiment, the QR code  310  can be designed in a manner that a specific bubble or set of bubble can be seen through the paper document  104 . For example, when “looking through” the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify that the “C” bubble on the twelve row, the “A” bubble on the thirteenth row, and the “B” and “E” bubbles on the fourteenth row are identified through the QR code. This procedure can authenticate the paper document. In this case, when portions of the “A,” “B” and “E” bubbles are visible but not the “C” bubble, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the paper document  104  is not aligned. 
     The accompanying items information  316  can include information identifying a form, such as a questionnaire or test, an envelope for mailing the paper document  104 , etc. The accompany items information  316  can be printed by the kinematic assessment machine  100  or filled in by the user. In certain embodiments, the accompany items are randomized or personalized to reduce opportunities of fraud. While every survey may include the same general questions or polls with the same answers, the order of the questions and the order of the selections may be randomized or have a set number of alternates. In order to identify the correct order of the questions and answers, the user can select the appropriate accompanying items information matching the identification found on the accompanying item. 
     In certain embodiments, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can print envelopes or other types of documents related to the paper documents. For instance, a return envelope can be printed along with the paper document  102 . The associated envelopes can have information printed on either the outside or the inside that links the associated envelope to a specific the paper document. The information could include text, symbols, barcodes, UPC codes, QR code, etc. The same information can be printed on both the paper documents and the corresponding envelopes. In certain embodiments, the information can be different but applied to an algorithm to confirm the matching state of the paper document and the envelope. 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can track the number of envelopes printed each day and balanced with the number of user records flagged in the request file that were issued mail paper documents. The balancing can be rectified for each specified time period, for instance, daily, weekly, etc. The list of users in the request file can be printed each time that the balance is rectified as a part of an audit trail. Each time period that envelopes are printed, a master list of names in a request list is printed and balanced to a number of envelopes printed, inserted, and delivered. The audit trail will also provide the necessary tool for use in tracking and verifying a printed paper document inventory. 
     In certain embodiments, the accompany items information  316  can be identification information for packaging with the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can print a return envelope with information corresponding to the accompany items information  316  printed on the paper document  104 . When the paper document  104  is returned with the accompany item, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can compare the accompany items information  316  with the information on the accompany item(s) to determine authenticity of the paper document  104 . 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can code each paper document or associated envelope for “return postage.” This will ensure that the paper documents were provided through the mail. In certain embodiments, a drop off point can be used for the paper documents. However, even the paper documents received at drop off points would have some form of transportation to a sorting facility. The returning of paper documents by mail can reveal a pattern of nefarious activities. This is audited by comparing the total number of mail-in paper documents mailed and the “pre-paid” returned back in account. Large discrepancies can point to fraud. 
     The kinematic assessment machine  100  can search for “paper document irregularities” in an audit of the “mailed in paper documents received and counted” against the mailed paper documents. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can check the request list against the following audit factors. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify paper documents returned by the Post Office, paper documents received over the counter, paper documents received from drop sites, paper documents forwarded to other counties, paper documents returned undeliverable, etc. 
     In certain embodiments, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can check for regulatory issues. For example, in voting ballot collection the following is the standard law regarding the mail in ballots. For all paper documents that fall into the category of “signature and address match,” the envelope is recorded as “returned” and data entry is completed. The number of envelopes in this category is recorded on a data entry log on a daily basis. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can store and analyze the data entry log compared to the paper documents received. This number should balance to the number of envelopes stored and flagged as “ready to open and process.” If a significant influx of paper documents did not get logged in at the USPO level, then the kinematic assessment machine  100  could determine that such paper documents circumvented the USPO logging process and came into the back door nefariously. 
     In certain embodiments, the paper documents can be received at drop off locations, which also requiring logging of the received paper documents. If nefariously rushed into the system, the logging process is skipped and any processed paper documents would leave a discrepancy trail. The kinematic assessment machine  100  could use these logs when authenticating paper documents. 
     The accompanying items information  316  can be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the accompanying items information  316  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the accompanying items information  316  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used to for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the accompanying items information  316  of the paper document  104  and compare the accompanying items information  316  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the accompanying items information  316  when authenticating paper document  104 . For example, the accompanying items information  316  can be printed in a different, such as smaller, font from some of the user information  306  and/or the bubble area  322 . 
     In certain embodiments, the accompanying items information  316  includes an outline around an area for the envelope information  316 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . In some embodiments, the outline or the accompanying items information  316  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . For example, the left side of the accompanying item information  316  can align with a left side of the user info  306  and a right side of the accompanying items information  316  can align with a right side of a signature block  318 . As another example, the top side of the accompanying items information  316  can be spaced apart from bottom side of the title block  306  and the signature block  318  while the bottom side of the accompanying items information  316  can be offset from a bottom side of the bubble area  314 . 
     A location of the accompanying items information  316  or shape of the area of the accompanying items information  316  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the accompanying items information  316  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a back side  302  of the paper document  104 , the accompanying items information  316  could alternatively or dually be located on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the accompanying items information  316  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the accompanying items information  316  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the accompanying items information  316  is misaligned based on comparing the accompanying items information  316  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the accompanying items information  316  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the accompanying items information  316  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the accompanying items information  316  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, multiple accompanying items information  316  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the accompanying items information  316  on the front side  300  to a center of the accompanying items information  316  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the accompanying items information  316  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the information in the accompanying items information  316  can be aligned with items from the descriptive text  308  in a “see through” manner. For example, the descriptive text  312  can include watermarks or other distinguishing characteristics that combine in a “see through” manner with the accompanying items information. For example, the descriptive text can include an equal number of watermark rectangles corresponding to an amount fields in the accompanying items information. The watermarks can provide an outline for the entry fields in the accompanying item information  316  in a “see through” manner. 
     The signature area  318  provides a signature line for a user of the paper document  104  to sign and personally authenticate that answers were completed by the authorized user on a paper document  104 . The signature area  318  can be compared to a signature on an accompanying document, from a database, etc. 
     The signature area  318  can be located on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can be programmed for printing the signature area  318  in a position, font, etc. The printing of the signature area  318  in the kinematic assessment machine  100  can also be used to for identifying and authenticating the paper document  104 . For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can read the signature area  318  of the paper document  104  and compare the signature area  318  to one or more of the other aspects of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can assess the location, the size, the shape, the font, or any other aspect of the signature area  318  when authenticating paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the signature area  318  includes an outline around an area for the signature area  318 . The edges of the outline can be compared to an edge of the paper document  104  or to other components of the paper document  104 . In some embodiments, the outline or the signature area  318  can be compared to one of the components on the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . A location of the signature area  318  or shape of the area of the signature area  318  can also be used by the kinematic assessment machine  100  to assess the alignment of the paper document  104 . For example, the area of the signature area  318  can be identified and measured from the borders of the paper document  104  to have the alignment of the paper document  104  assessed by the kinematic assessment machine  100 . 
     While illustrated on a back side  302  of the paper document  104 , the signature area  318  could alternatively or dually be located on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the signature area  318  is misaligned based on comparing a location of the signature area  318  to an edge of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can also determine that the signature area  318  is misaligned based on comparing the signature area  318  to other components on the front side  300  of the paper document  104 . For instance, if a border of the signature area  318  is not parallel to an edge of the paper document  104 , the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the printing of the signature area  318  or the printing of the front side  300  is not aligned with the paper. 
     In certain embodiments, the signature area  318  on either the front side  300  or the back side  302  can be compared to a component of the paper document  104  on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . For instance, the signature area  318  can be aligned on the front side  300  and the back side  302  of the paper document  104 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the distance one edge from a center of the signature area  318  on the front side  300  to a center of the signature area  318  on the back side  302 . The kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the paper document  104  is misaligned based on the border of the signature area  318  not aligning through the paper document  104  with a border on an opposite side of the paper document  104 . 
     In certain embodiments, the paper document  104  can be manufactured to have a different thickness for the signature area  318  in order for blocking “see through” of the signature area from the kinematic assessment machine  100 . When the kinematic assessment machine  100  performs a “see through” procedure, the information can be stored. As a signature should be unique for every user, attempting to include alignment features for “see through” procedures would be difficult. As the signatures can be read/stored by a typical imaging of each side of the paper document, the actual signature may not be necessary for a “see through” image based on aligning or authenticating the document itself. When the signature is visible in the “see through” process, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that printing of the paper document  104  is not in alignment with the paper itself and also the opposite side. 
     In certain embodiments, “see through” items can be included in a portion of the signature area  318  that do not correspond to portions of the paper product manufactured to obfuscate from the “see through” procedure. For example, a watermark could be included in the signature area  318  that corresponds to an indicator in the title area  304  or the descriptive text  312 . Portion of the signature that are visible proximate to the watermark or other indication would not cause the kinematic assessment machine  100  to determine that the printing of the paper product  104  is not in alignment. 
     The discussion of obfuscating portions of the signature area  318  can be extended to other portions of the paper product  104  for authentication and alignment. For example, the paper product  104  can be manufactured with specific designs of obfuscating thickness to correspond to the different components of the paper document  104  and the items within the paper document  104 . For example, the user information  306  can also include the manufacturing thickness to obfuscate the information. In certain embodiments, the paper can be manufactured with embedded information that is only visible in a “see through” process. This embedded information can be used for alignment for the components printed on the paper document  104 . Information embedded in the paper can aid in situations where the “see through” process determines that the printing is aligned on both side but the orientation is similarly incorrect on both side of the paper product  104 . 
     The front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  can be printed on alternate sides of the paper product specifically for the purpose of “see through” alignment. The front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  could any shape or design meant to jointly attribute alignment of the printing. In certain embodiments, the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  are the same but reversed in a manner that they align when the kinematic assessment machine  100  performs a “see through” process. In certain embodiments, the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  are different, such as illustrated in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B  on the front side  300  and back side  302  of the paper product  104 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the front alignment marker  320  is an outside of a reticle and the back alignment marker  322  is an inside of a reticle. When viewed in a “see through” process, the inside and outside of the reticle should align. The outside reticle of the front alignment marker  320  includes a number of hash marks on a circle. The hash marks typically are at the poles of the circle. The inside reticle of the back alignment marker  322  is designed as a vertical cross with equal vertical and horizontal portions, although this is a non-limiting example. During the “see through” process, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  are aligned when the hash marks are aligned with the corresponding portions of the vertical cross. When the printing on one side of the paper product  104  is shifted from the other side of the paper product  104 , at least one of the hash marks will not align with the vertical cross. When the printing on one side of the paper product  104  is rotated from the other side of the paper product, the hash marks will be rotated from the vertical cross with exceptions for when the printing is extremely rotated at 90, 180, and 270 degrees. In these situations, a hash mark directed to a top of the page and a portion of the vertical cross directed to a top of the page can be altered from the other direction. For example, the top hash mark and the top of the vertical cross can be a different length, width, etc., from the other directions. The kinematic assessment machine  100  could identify when the top hash mark or the top portion of the vertical cross are not properly aligned. As an additional feature, the paper can be manufactured with an embedded mark that should also align with the top hash mark and the top portion of the vertical cross. 
     The locations of the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  should coincide when the paper document is printed in order for the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  to properly align during the “see through” alignment process. While the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  need to align, the location on the actual document can vary. For example, the front alignment marker  320  is illustrated in a bottom left corner on the front side  300  of the paper product  104  but can be located anywhere on the front side  300  of the paper product  104 . In certain embodiments, the front alignment marker  320  could be printed within one of the components of the paper product  104 . For example, the front alignment marker  320  could be printed within the descriptive text area  312  and the back alignment marker  320  could then be printed in a portion of the accompanying document area  312  that does not include a field. 
     Although  FIG.  3    illustrate a paper document  300 , various changes may be made to  FIG.  3   . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the voting paper document  300  and its individual components can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various components of the voting paper document  300  can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the paper document  300  may be used in any other suitable voting process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. The postal paper document  104  shown in  FIG.  1    is an example of a paper document  300 . 
       FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  illustrate exemplary alignment indicia in accordance with this disclosure. In particular,  FIG.  4 A  illustrates that the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  are aligned markers  400 , and  FIG.  4 B  illustrates that the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  are misaligned marker  402 . The embodiments of the aligned markers  400  and misaligned markers  402  illustrated in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  are for illustration only.  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  do not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of a paper document. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4 A , the aligned markers  400  from a “see through” procedure show that the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  are aligned. A “see through” procedure involves the kinematic assessment machine  100  capturing an image from a front side  300  or a back side  302  of the paper document  104  with a printing on the opposite side showing through that the imaging sensor can capture the printing overlapped. In certain embodiments, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can project a light from a light source from an opposite side of the paper document from the imaging sensor. The light then travels through the paper document to the imaging sensor. 
     Although the front alignment marker  320  is illustrated as a reticle and the back alignment marker  322  is illustrated as a vertical cross, the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  can be any complimentary or aligned shapes. For instance, the front alignment marker  320  can be a circle and the back alignment marker  322  could be a square. The front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  could align with the circle inside the square and the circle would touch the center of each edge of the square. Alternatively, the square could be inside the circle and the four corners of the square would contact the circle. 
     The front alignment marker  320  has a center point  404  and the back alignment marker  322  has a center point  406 . The center points  404  and  406  could be inherent or they could be explicit. In other words, the center points  404  and  406  could be marked or have a unique indication. For example, the center point  404  is illustrated as a solid circle and the center point  406  is illustrated as a hollow circle. The center points  404  and  406  could be used to determine alignment based on the center point  404  filling in the hollow portion of the center point  406 . As a note for  FIG.  4 A , the center points  404  and  406  do not show the center point  404  filling center point  406  in order to differentiate the components. In practice, the center points  404  and  406  could be a single solid circle for the aligned markers  400 . 
     As an alternative, either the front and back markers  320  and  322  or the center points  404  and  406  could be any shape for the respective interior indicator and any other outline of a shape with a hollow interior. The interior indicator could be designed to fit wholly within the outline of the exterior shape. The kinematic assessment system  100  could determine that the printing on the front side  300  and the back side  302  are misaligned based on the interior shape not being wholly within the outline of the exterior shape. The tolerance of the alignment can be incorporated by an amount of space between the interior shape and the outline of the exterior shape. 
     The thickness of the circle for the center point  406  can provide a range for tolerance of the alignment of the printing. For example, if the diameters of both center points are approximately the same, then the thickness of the hollow circle could be designed based on manufacturing tolerances. Herein, “the same dimension” can be defined herein as “within manufacturing tolerances of the intended dimension”. For example, if the accuracy of the printer is 0.0003 inches, then the thickness of the hollow circle could be 0.0006 inches or greater. 
     Another example of a light source would be to form a cover, for kinematic assessment machine  100  over the scanning area of the imaging sensor, made of electrochromic glass, such as smart glass. The kinematic assessment machine  100  could control the opaqueness of the electrochromic glass by applying a small voltage to use the imaging sensor for a single side and not apply a voltage for the “see through” process. In embodiments where the alignment markers are known to be located within a small area of the paper document, the cover could have a corresponding portion of the imaging cover formed of smart glass. 
     In certain embodiments, the “see through” process can be a virtual process with precisely aligned imaging sensors on opposite side. At least one imaging sensor can be positioned with the body of the kinematic assessment machine  100  to align with at least one imaging sensor positioned in the imaging cover. The image sensors can be positioned and oriented to have substantially parallel optical axis in opposite direction. 
     In certain embodiments, an array of imaging sensors could be used one on or more side of the paper document  104 . The array of imaging sensors could be arranged in a pattern to capture an entire “see through” paper document. In certain embodiments, the sensors in the array of imaging sensors could be located proximate to different alignment markers in order to efficiently capture each alignment marker. The alignment of the front alignment marker  320  and the back alignment marker  322  can be defined in numerous ways with the symbols. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates an exemplary “see through” apparatus  500  with a first scanning element  502  and second scanning element  504  for a paper document authenticator in accordance with this disclosure. The embodiment of the “see through” apparatus  500  illustrated in  FIG.  5    is for illustration only. The “see through” apparatus  500  can be implemented with the kinematic assessment machine  100  or the paper document authenticator  402  shown in  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  5    does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of an electronic device. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , a “see through” apparatus  500  can be used to identify kinematic defects in addition to alignment marks. The “see through” apparatus  500  includes a first scanning element  502  and a second scanning element  504 . A paper document  104  can be inserted between the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504 . The paper document can be stationary or moving through the apparatus  500  during imaging operations. Each of the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504  can include one or more of the sensors  214 , which can include one or more cameras  216  (optical sensor), one or more infrared sensors  218 , one or more contact image sensors  220 , one or more charge-coupled device  222 , or one or more of any other suitable imaging sensors. 
     The “see through” apparatus  500  can also include one or more processors  202 , one or more storage devices  204 , one or more communications units  206 , and one or more I/O units  208 . The first scanning element  502  can be operatively coupled to one or more first processors  202   a,  one or more first storage devices  204   a,  one or more first communications units  206   a,  and one or more first I/O units  208   a.  The second scanning element  504  can be operatively coupled to one or more second processors  202   a,  one or more second storage devices  204   a,  one or more second communications units  206   a,  and one or more second I/O units  208   a.    
     The processors  202  can control illumination and imaging operations of the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504 . In certain embodiments, a first processor  202   a  can operate the first scanning element  502  separately from a second processor  202   b  operating the second scanning element  504 . The processors  202   a  and  202   b  can communicate using a first communication unit  206   a  and a second communication unit  206   b.  The processors  202   a  and  202   b  can store the images captured by the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504  in a first memory  204   a  and a second memory  204   b.  The first memory  204   a  and the second memory  204   b  can include instructions to cause the processors  202  to control the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504 . The first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504  can be receive inputs and provide outputs through a single I/O unit  208  or the first scanning element can receive inputs and provide output from a first I/O unit  208   a  separate from a second I/O unit  208   b.    
     Each of the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504  can include a light or other illumination component. As the paper document  104  is inserted between the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504 , the first scanning element  502  can operate the light or other illumination component while the second scanning element  504  captures one or more images of the paper document  104 . Because the light is provided on an opposite side of the paper document from the scanning element, any ink on either side of the paper document  104  is captured by the respective scanning element. Once the second scanning element  504  has completed imaging from a respective side of the paper document  104 , the first scanning element can perform a scanning operation while the second scanning element  504  performs an illumination operation. 
     For a paper document moving through the “see through” apparatus  500 , the paper document  104  can be moved a specified amount per imaging operation of both the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504 . In certain embodiments, the paper document  104  can be continuously moved through the “see through” apparatus  500 . The first scanning element  502  and second scanning element  504  can alternately capture a series of images for each side of the paper document  104  while traveling through the apparatus  500 . In certain embodiments, the first scanning element  502  and the second scanning element  504  can be provided capture one or more specific areas of the paper document  104 . In certain embodiments, the “see through” image is unique based on a side of the paper document  104 . 
     Although  FIG.  5    illustrate a “see through” apparatus  500 , various changes may be made to  FIG.  5   . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the “see through” apparatus  500  and its individual components can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various components of the “see through” apparatus  500  can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the “see through” apparatus  500  may be used in any other suitable imaging process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an exemplary “see through” apparatus  600  with a first and second scanning elements for a paper document authenticator in accordance with this disclosure. The embodiment of the “see through” apparatus  600  illustrated in  FIG.  6    is for illustration only. The “see through” apparatus  600  can be implemented with the kinematic assessment machine  100  or the paper document authenticator  402  shown in  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  6    does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of an electronic device. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6   , a “see through” apparatus  600  can be used to identify kinematic defects in addition to alignment marks. The “see through” apparatus  600  includes a first scanning element  502  and an illumination element  604 . A paper document  104  can be inserted between the first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604 . The paper document can be stationary or moving through the apparatus  600  during imaging operations. Each of the first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604  can include one or more of sensors  214  including one or more cameras  216  (optical sensor), one or more infrared sensors  218 , one or more contact image sensors  220 , one or more charge-coupled device  222 , or one or more of any other suitable imaging sensors. 
     The “see through” apparatus  500  can also include one or more processors  202 , one or more storage devices  204 , one or more communications units  206 , and one or more I/O units  208 . The first scanning element  502  can be operatively coupled to one or more first processors  202   a,  one or more first storage devices  204   a,  one or more first communications units  206   a,  and one or more first I/O units  208   a.  The illumination element  604  can be operatively coupled to one or more second processors  202   a,  one or more second storage devices  204   a,  one or more second communications units  206   a,  and one or more second I/O units  208   a.    
     The processors  202  can control illumination and imaging operations of the first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604 . In certain embodiments, a first processor  202   a  can operate the first scanning element  502  separately from a second processor  202   b  operating the illumination element  604 . The processors  202   a  and  202   b  can communicate using a first communication unit  206   a  and a second communication unit  206   b.  The processors  202   a  and  202   b  can store the images captured by the first scanning element  502  in a first memory  204   a  and a second memory  204   b.  The first memory  204   a  and the second memory  204   b  can include instructions to cause the processors  202  to control the first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604 . The first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604  can be receive inputs and provide outputs through a single I/O unit  208  or the first scanning element can receive inputs and provide output from a first I/O unit  208   a  separate from a second I/O unit  208   b.    
     The illumination element  604  can include a light or other illumination component. As the paper document  104  is inserted between the first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604 , the illumination element  604  can operate the light or other illumination component while the first scanning element  502  captures one or more images of the paper document  104 . Because the light is provided on an opposite side of the paper document from the first scanning element  502 , any ink on either side of the paper document  104  is captured by the first scanning element  502 . 
     For a paper document moving through the “see through” apparatus  500 , the paper document  104  can be moved a specified amount per imaging operation of the first scanning element  502  and illumination operation of the illumination element  604 . In certain embodiments, the paper document  104  can be continuously moved through the “see through” apparatus  500 . The first scanning element  502  and illumination element  604  can capture a series of images for the ink on each side of the paper document  104  while traveling through the apparatus  500 . In certain embodiments, the first scanning element  502  and the illumination element  604  can be provided capture one or more specific areas of the paper document  104 . 
     Although  FIG.  6    illustrate a “see through” apparatus  600 , various changes may be made to  FIG.  6   . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the “see through” apparatus  600  and its individual components can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various components of the “see through” apparatus  600  can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the “see through” apparatus  600  may be used in any other suitable scanning process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an exemplary hard coded rules  700  for a ballot in accordance with this disclosure. The embodiment of the hard coded rules  700  illustrated in  FIG.  7    is for illustration only. The hard coded rules  700  can be implemented with the kinematic assessment machine  100  or the paper document authenticator  402  shown in  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  7    does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of an electronic device. 
     As shown in  FIG.  7   , hard coded rules  700  can be applied to a paper document or ballot. As a non-limiting example of hard coded rules  700  for a ballot, the kinematic assessment machine  700  can utilize the hard coded rules  700  to print an authentic ballot. Each ballot have hard coded rules applied for an amount of sections and subsection, shading, font, borders, etc. For voting for the race, the ballot can include a first section  702  indicating a level of government (e.g., federal, state, local, etc.), a second section  704  indicating a position to be voted on (e.g., president/vice president, governor, mayor, representative, judge, senator, etc.), and a third section  706  with boxes for each candidate for the specified position (e.g., 1st candidate, 2nd candidate, etc.). The width  708  and heights  710  for each of the sections  702 - 106  can be defined as hard coded rules  700 . The shading shown in the second section  704  can be defined as a hard coded rule. The fonts for each of sections  702 - 106  can be individually or collectively defined as hard coded rules  700 . The borders  712  of the sections  702 - 706  can be defined as hard coded rules  700 . Hard coded rules  700  define the requirement for the ballot printing machine 
     Although  FIG.  7    illustrate hard coded rules  700 , various changes may be made to  FIG.  7   . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the hard coded rules  700  can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various components of the hard coded rules  700  can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the hard coded rules  700  may be used in any other suitable ballot process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. 
       FIGS.  8 A through  8 L  illustrate fill patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents from an eye subject viewpoint and a computer vision analysis in accordance with this disclosure. In particular,  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  illustrate circular fill patterns  800 ,  802  filled in by humans using a ball point pen for response area bubbles on paper documents,  FIGS.  8 C and  8 D  illustrate circular fill patterns  804 ,  806  filled in by humans using a felt tip pen for response area bubbles on paper documents,  FIGS.  8 E and  8 F  illustrate lateral fill patterns  808 ,  810  filled in by humans using a ball point pen for response area bubbles on paper documents,  FIGS.  8 G and  8 H  illustrate circular fill patterns  812 ,  814  filled in by humans using a gel roller pen for response area bubbles on paper documents,  FIGS.  8 I and  8 J  illustrate mechanical printed patterns  816 ,  818  for response area bubbles on paper documents, and  FIGS.  8 I and  8 J  illustrate mechanical printed patterns  820 ,  822  that mimic human patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents. The embodiments of the patterns  800 - 822  illustrated in  FIGS.  8 A through  8 L  are for illustration only.  FIGS.  8 A through  8 L  do not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of a fill pattern for a bubble response area. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 A , the kinematic assessment machine  100  has criteria for an example completion fill pattern  800  in a response bubble  814 . The completion fill pattern  800  can be defined based on an amount of area for the response bubble  814  that contains markings. For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that a response bubble is filled when the completion fill pattern  800  exceeds 95% of the area of the response bubble. 
     The human eye is a subjective device. The eyes work in harmony with the brain to create images that can be perceived. The eyes are adjusting the focus by bending the light through the lens of the eyeballs and can translate photons of light into an electrical impulse the brain can process. The brain can continuously readjust color balance according to a lighting context. While the eyes translate what is seen into red, white, black, etc., a camera is an absolute measurement device. The light is measured by a series of sensors and the signals recorded are adjust to suit the color temperature of the light illuminating a scene. 
     As illustrated in the computer vision analysis of  FIGS.  8 B,  8 D,  8 F,  8 H,  8 J, and  8 L , details can be processed that are not visible by a human eye without magnification. Dots can be included on the ballot using a mechanical digital printing process. 
     Although  FIGS.  8 A through  8 L  illustrate fill patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents, various changes may be made to  FIGS.  8 A through  8 L . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the fill patterns can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various fill patterns can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the fill patterns may be used in any other suitable paper document authentication process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. 
       FIGS.  9 A through  9 B  illustrate fill patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents in accordance with this disclosure. In particular,  FIG.  9 A  illustrates an example completion fill pattern  900 ,  FIG.  9 B  illustrates a ball point pen fill pattern  902  using a circular strokes,  FIG.  9 C  illustrates a black ball point pen fill pattern  904  using lateral strokes,  FIG.  9 D  illustrates a gel roller pen fill pattern  906  using lateral strokes,  FIG.  9 E  illustrates a felt tip pen fill pattern  908  using lateral strokes,  FIG.  9 F  illustrates a mechanical printed pattern  910 , and  FIG.  9 G  illustrates a randomized mechanical printed pattern  912 . The embodiments of the patterns  900 - 1012  illustrated in  FIGS.  9 A through  9 G  are for illustration only.  FIGS.  9 A through  9 G  do not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of a fill pattern for a bubble response area. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 A , the kinematic assessment machine  100  has criteria for an example completion fill pattern  900  in a response bubble  914 . The completion fill pattern  900  can be defined based on an amount of area for the response bubble  914  that contains markings. For example, the kinematic assessment machine  100  can determine that a response bubble is filled when the completion fill pattern  900  exceeds 95% of the area of the response bubble. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 B , a ball point pen fill pattern  902  is shown for filling the response bubble  914 . The pattern shown used a circular motion to fill in the response bubble. The combination of a circular motion and the ball point pen creates areas of the bubble response that are not filled in or have different vary intensities of darkness of the ink. This is typical for a human applying varying pressure throughout the circular motion. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 C , a black ink fill pattern  904  is shown for filling the response bubble  914 . The pattern shown uses a lateral motion to fill in the response bubble. The combination of lateral motion and the ball point pen has similar gaps and varying intensities of ink as the circular motion. However, the gaps are more distinguished in this example. The human eye may not be able to perceive the gaps shown in  FIG.  9 C . 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 D , a gel roller pen fill pattern  906  is shown for filling the response bubble  914 . The gel roller pen fill pattern  906  is shown using lateral strokes. Due to the ink output of the gel roller pin, the gaps and variance of the ink is reduced. However, the edges of the bubble are filled in less accurately than the response bubbles filled in using a ball point pen. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 E , a illustrates a felt tip pen fill pattern  908  using lateral strokes is shown for filling the response bubble  914 . The felt tip pen has the broadest strokes and dispersion of ink for the different types of illustrated fill patterns. The felt tip pen has the least amount of gaps and the least amount of variance of the ink darkness. However, the felt tip pen also has the highest rate of spread, which affects an ability to remain inside the line of the response bubble  914 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 F , a mechanical printed pattern  910  is shown for filling the response bubble  914 . The mechanical printed pattern  910  is shown completely filling in the response bubble  914 . The mechanical printed pattern  910  does not have any gaps, is a constant ink darkness through the response bubble  914 , and does not have any stray markings outside the response bubble  914 . Each of these conditions is separately an example of a computer filling out a response bubble  914 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 G , a randomized mechanical printed pattern  912  is shown for filling the response bubble  914 . In order to mask mechanically printing, a randomization can be added to a mechanical printed pattern  910 . For instance, the randomized mechanical printed pattern  912  attempts to mimic a ball point pen using lateral strokes. When viewed by the human eye without magnification, the fill pattern would appear to be filled in by a human. However, computer analysis can determine otherwise based on at least the three noted conditions. For example, the randomized mechanical printed pattern  912  has random gaps added and is shown to mark outside the response bubble  914 . In order to achieve the mimic affect, the printer uses a series of dots to create the pattern. The dots are noticeable and easily differentiated from smooth strokes created by a ball point pen. Another feature is that, while the pattern appears randomized, the exact pattern is normally repeated. While a near infinite amount of humans could draw the same pattern, the computer analysis would be able to identify unique differences in each of the respective fill patterns by the same or different human hands. 
     Although  FIGS.  9 A through  9 G  illustrate fill patterns for response area bubbles on paper documents, various changes may be made to  FIGS.  9 A through  9 G . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the fill patterns can vary as needed or desired. Also, the number and placement of various fill patterns can vary as needed or desired. In addition, the fill patterns may be used in any other suitable paper document authentication process and is not limited to the specific processes described above. 
       FIGS.  10 A through  11 C  illustrate bending kinematic artifacts in accordance with this disclosure. In particular,  FIGS.  10 A through  10 C  illustrate kinematic artifacts  1000 - 1104  created based on a kinematic event, and  FIGS.  11 A through  11 C  illustrate changes in kinematic wavelengths  1300 - 1304  due to the kinematic event. The embodiments of the kinematic artifacts illustrated in  FIGS.  10 A through  11 C  are for illustration only.  FIGS.  10 A through  11 C  do not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of an electronic device. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  10 A through  10 C , any paper document  104  that has been folded has kinematic artifacts  1000 - 1104 . In any printing, black and white are opposite codes from each other. When that gets translated to paper the colors are imprinted, no matter the grade of quality of the paper. However, when black is printed and the paper document  104  is subsequently folded, the black code is broken to reveal the white code underneath. The broken black code appears to bend in the light wavelength optically for a digital scanner or optical machine. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  11 A through  11 C , the kinematic event produces changes in kinematic wavelengths  1300 - 1304 . The nature of a fold, as seen by scanning machines, changes the light spectrum. This change in the light spectrum reveals the kinematic features. The change in the light spectrum also makes opposing sides of the fold become a different light frequency (temperature) due to the man-made deformation of the paper. The kinematic assessment machine  100  can identify these changes in the light spectrum even when the paper is compressed fed. 
       FIG.  10 A  illustrates a kinematic fold  1000  of a page. When the paper document is folded, the threads of the paper get deformed in a manner that cannot be easily undone. Most likely, the paper document would need to be remanufactured to completely remove the kinematic features of a bend line.  FIG.  11 A  show the change in the kinematic wavelength  1100  of the kinematic fold  1000 . 
       FIG.  10 B  illustrates a kinematic bend  1002  in a line where a paper document  104  has experience a kinematic event. The line on the paper appears to bend at the kinematic bend  1002  where there was not a bend in the line prior to the kinematic event.  FIG.  11 B  shows the change in kinematic wavelength  1102  of the kinematic bend  1002 . 
       FIG.  10 C  illustrates a kinematic indentation  1004  in a solid print object. The box on the paper document  104  appears to have an indentation.  FIG.  11 C  shows the change in kinematic wavelength  1104  of the kinematic indentation  1004 . 
     Although  FIGS.  10 A through  11 C  illustrate a kinematic artifacts, various changes may be made to  FIGS.  10 A through  11 C . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the kinematic artifacts  1000 - 1104  can vary. Also, the number and placement of various components of the kinematic artifacts  1000 - 1104  can vary. 
       FIGS.  12 A through  12 F  illustrate comparisons of pristine paper document and kinematic artifacts on paper documents in accordance with this disclosure. The embodiments of the pristine paper document and kinematic artifacts on paper documents illustrated in  FIGS.  12 A through  12 F  are for illustration only.  FIGS.  12 A through  12 F  do not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of an electronic device. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  12 A through  12 F , illustrates a comparison of an unfolded paper document with a folded paper document. The unfolded paper document (left image of each page) does not appear to show a fold. The fold kinematic artifact (right image of each page) shows that the paper documented has been previously folded. 
     Although  FIGS.  12 A through  12 F  illustrate a comparisons of pristine paper document and kinematic artifacts on paper documents, various artifacts may be found on paper documents from what is illustrated in  FIGS.  12 A through  12 F . For example, the sizes, shapes, and dimensions of the kinematic artifacts can vary. Also, the number and placement of various components of the kinematic artifacts can vary. 
     It may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and/or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like. The phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C. 
     The description in the present application should not be read as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential or critical element that must be included in the claim scope. The scope of patented subject matter is defined only by the allowed claims. Moreover, none of the claims invokes 35 U. S.C. § 112(f) with respect to any of the appended claims or claim elements unless the exact words “means for” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim, followed by a participle phrase identifying a function. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that this automated fraud assessment of kinematic elements provides a device and process for making a determination of a paper document that has been processed through the postal system. It should be understood that the drawings and detailed description herein are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive manner, and are not intended to be limiting to the particular forms and examples disclosed. On the contrary, included are any further modifications, changes, rearrangements, substitutions, alternatives, design choices, and embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope hereof, as defined by the following claims. Thus, it is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such further modifications, changes, rearrangements, substitutions, alternatives, design choices, and embodiments.