Patent Publication Number: US-7714221-B2

Title: Booklet page turning apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Applications No. 2008-115890, filed Apr. 25, 2008; and No. 2009-098276, filed Apr. 14, 2009 the entire contents both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a booklet page turning apparatus, which is mounted in a booklet publishing machine and automatically turns the pages of a booklet. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   A recent booklet has a page with high bending rigidity as part of tendency to heighten the added value. For example, there is a booklet having an ID page given a security protective layer to prevent forgery countermeasures of personal information, or a plastic sheet page having a buried IC chip for high-density recording. Another booklet has a radio IC chip readable and writable without contact. A front or back cover of such a booklet is given a radio shielding function to protect recorded information from unauthorized reading or writing. Such a booklet accepts reading or writing only when a front cover is opened. 
   An ordinary booklet page turning apparatus causes buckling distortion in a booklet, assuming the low bending rigidity of a booklet, turns up a page with a page turning roller, and flips up the page on the page turning roller. 
   However, when an ordinary page turning apparatus attempts to turn a rigid page of a booklet, the difference between the frictional force between the page turning roller and the uppermost page and the friction force between the uppermost page and the page under the uppermost page does not meet the condition to cause buckling distortion in the rigid page. 
   If the page turning roller is changed to the one with higher frictional coefficient, it can cause buckling distortion in a booklet. However, in this case, a rigid page may suffer plastic deformation exceeding over its plastic deformation range, or a buried IC chip may suffer stress destruction. Therefore, in the prior art, a page turning roller contacts the end of a booklet, and is raised while rotating, thereby a rigid page is turned without buckling distortion (e.g., Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2005-144756). 
   However, in this method, the end of a rigid page must be accurately detected and made to contact the page turning roller, otherwise the page cannot be turned up. 
   Besides, pages of a booklet are fixed at the bound edge of a booklet like a cantilever structure, and tend to bend and become uneven at the ends after being repeatedly turned up and down, increasing the unstable elements of the page turning operation. 
   In a booklet having a rigid page mixed with ordinary body pages, after the rigid page and body pages are repeatedly turned up and down, the bending and unevenness of the ends of the pages are accelerated, and the unstable elements of the page turning operation are increased. 
   As described above, a booklet having two or more rigid pages is difficult to stably turn the pages by using page turning rollers. 
   As a method of separating a sheet one by one from a stack and conveying each sheet, a negative suction method using a vacuum pad is well known. 
   This method does not depend on the rigidity of a medium, and is advantageous to a booklet including two or more rigid pages. 
   A vacuum pad is available in various types according to the properties of a medium. One type of vacuum pad has an axle of rotation for oscillation. Another type of vacuum pad is deformable (made of rubber material or shaped like bellows). 
   However, if such a negative suction method is simply applied to a booklet page turning apparatus, the pages of a booklet cannot be turned unless each page of a booklet is raised by turning up over 90° with respect to the bound edge of a booklet, and a travel of a vacuum pad is increased. This makes it difficult to house the vacuum pad structure in the same conveying layout as in the conventional page turning apparatus using buckling distortion. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Embodiments of the present invention have been made in the above circumstances. It is an object of the invention to provide a booklet page turning apparatus configured to turn pages of a booklet without increasing a travel of a vacuum pad. 
   According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a page turning apparatus comprising a conveying device to covey a booklet to a page turning position; a vacuum pad to vacuum suck the uppermost page of the booklet conveyed to a page turning position by the conveying device; a driving device to move the vacuum pad to pick up the uppermost page of the booklet at a predetermined angle in the opening direction around a bound edge; a contact roller to go under the uppermost page raised at a predetermined angle; and a control device which releases the vacuum suction of the vacuum pad, and moves the vacuum pad in the direction of retreating from the uppermost page after the contact roller goes under the uppermost page, and conveys the booklet so that the uppermost page is brought into contact with the contact roller, and opened. 
   According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a page turning apparatus comprising a conveying device to covey a booklet to a page turning position; a vacuum pad to vacuum suck the uppermost page of the booklet conveyed to a page turning position by the conveying device; a driving device to move the vacuum pad to pick up the uppermost page of the booklet at a predetermined angle in the opening direction around a bound edge; a first contact roller to go under the uppermost page raised at a predetermined angle, and a second contact roller provided in the upstream of the booklet conveying direction of the first contact roller; and a control device which releases the vacuum suction of the vacuum pad, and moves the vacuum pad in the direction of retreating from the uppermost page after the first contact roller goes under the uppermost page, and conveys the booklet so that the uppermost page is brought into contact with the first contact roller, and opened, wherein the control device conveys the booklet in the reverse direction to locate the uppermost page at a page turning position, after the uppermost page of the booklet is opened, controls the vacuum pad to suck the uppermost page conveyed to the page turning position, moves the vacuum pad to turn and pick up the uppermost page at a predetermined angle in the opening direction around a bound edge, causes the second contact roller to go under the uppermost page picked up at a predetermined angle, releases the vacuum suction of the vacuum pad and moves the vacuum pad in the direction of retreating from the uppermost page, after the second contact roller goes under the uppermost page, and conveys the booklet in the reverse direction so that the uppermost page is brought into contact with the contact roller, and opened. 
   According to a still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a page turning apparatus comprising a conveying device to covey a booklet to a page turning position; a vacuum pad to vacuum suck the uppermost page of the booklet conveyed to a page turning position by the conveying device; a driving device to move the vacuum pad to pick up the uppermost page of the booklet at a predetermined angle in the opening direction around a bound edge; a first contact roller to go under the uppermost page raised at a predetermined angle; a second contact roller provided in the upstream of the booklet conveying direction of the first contact roller; and a control device which releases the vacuum suction of the vacuum pad, and moves the vacuum pad in the direction of separating from the uppermost page after the first contact roller goes under the uppermost page, and conveys the booklet so that the uppermost page is brought into contact with the first contact roller, and opened; and a detection device to detect the page number of the opened uppermost page, wherein when the page number detected by the detection device is different from the page number of the uppermost page, the control device repeats the opening operation, and when the uppermost page of the booklet is correctly opened, the control device conveys the booklet in the reverse direction to locate the uppermost page at a page turning position, controls the vacuum pad to suck the uppermost page conveyed to the page turning position, moves the vacuum pad to turn and pick up the uppermost page at a predetermined angle in the opening direction around a bound edge, causes the second contact roller to go under the uppermost page picked up at a predetermined angle, releases the vacuum suction of the vacuum pad and moves the vacuum pad in the direction of retreating from the uppermost page, after the second contact roller goes under the uppermost page, and conveys the booklet in the reverse direction so that the uppermost page is brought into contact with the contact roller, and opened. 
   According to other aspects of the invention, booklet pages can be turned without increasing a travel of a vacuum pad. 
   Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram showing a configuration of a booklet page turning apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing a pinch-roller, a bladed wheel, and their drive system of the page turning apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view showing a vacuum pad and its drive system of the page turning apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram showing the moving path of the vacuum pad of  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a drive control system of the page turning apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram showing the state in which a booklet is conveyed to a page turning position of the page turning apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram showing the state in which the uppermost page of the booklet conveyed to the page turning position of  FIG. 6  is picked up by a vacuum pad; 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram showing the state in which a pinch-roller goes under the uppermost page picked up by the vacuum pad in  FIG. 7 ; 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram showing the state in which a booklet is conveyed with the pinch-roller gone under the uppermost page in  FIG. 8 ; 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram showing the state in which the uppermost page of the booklet conveyed in  FIG. 9  is made to contact a pinch-roller and turned down; 
       FIG. 11  is a diagram showing the state in which the uppermost page in  FIG. 10  is completely turned down; 
       FIG. 12  is a diagram showing the state in which the uppermost page completely turned down in  FIG. 11  is picked up in the reverse turning direction by a vacuum pad; 
       FIG. 13  is a diagram showing the state in which a pinch-roller goes under the uppermost page picked up in  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 14  is a diagram shown the state in which the uppermost page contacts the pinch-roller gone under the uppermost page in  FIG. 13 ; 
       FIG. 15  is a diagram showing the state in which the uppermost page made to contact the pinch-roller in  FIG. 14  is largely rotated in the reverse turning direction; 
       FIG. 16A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning a front cover by a page turning apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 16B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning a front cover by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 16C  is a diagram showing the operation of turning a front cover by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 17A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning a front cover by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 17B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning a front cover by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 17C  is a diagram showing the operation of turning a front cover by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 18A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 18B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 18C  is a diagram showing the operation of turning body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 19A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 19B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 19C  is a diagram showing the operation of turning body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 20A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning back body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 20B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning back body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 20C  is a diagram showing the operation of turning back body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 21A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning back body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 21B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning back body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 21C  is a diagram showing the operation of turning back body pages by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 22A  is a diagram showing a negative pressure generation circuit of a vacuum pad of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 22B  is a diagram showing a negative pressure generation circuit of a vacuum pad of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 22C  is a diagram showing a negative pressure generation circuit of a vacuum pad of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 23A  is a diagram showing the operation of transferring and conveying a booklet by a booklet page turning apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 23B  is a diagram showing the operation of transferring and conveying a booklet by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 23C  is a diagram showing the operation of transferring and conveying a booklet by the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 24A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages by a page turning apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 24B  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 24C  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 25A  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 25B  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 25C  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 26A  is a diagram showing the operation of a page turning apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the invention; 
       FIG. 26B  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 26C  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 27A  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 27B  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 27C  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning apparatus; 
       FIG. 28  is a diagram showing an example of modification of a vacuum pad; 
       FIG. 29  is a diagram showing the operation of the vacuum pad of  FIG. 28 ; 
       FIG. 30  is a diagram showing another holding mechanism of a vacuum pad; 
       FIG. 31  is a diagram showing the operation of the holding mechanism of  FIG. 30 ; 
       FIG. 32  is a diagram showing a contact member to contact a picked-up page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 33  is a diagram showing another contact member to contact a picked-up page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 34  is a first another example of a tap-down member to tap down the page under the picked-up page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 35  is a second another example of a tap-down member to tap down the page under the picked-up page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 36  is a third another example of a tap-down member to tap down the page under the picked-up page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 37  is a fourth another example of a tap-down member to tap down the page under the picked-up page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 38  is a diagram showing a first another example of a conveying mechanism to convey a booklet with a page picked up; 
       FIG. 39  is a diagram showing a second another example of a conveying mechanism to convey a booklet with a page picked up; 
       FIG. 40  is a diagram showing a third another example of a conveying mechanism to convey a booklet with a page picked up; 
       FIG. 41  is a diagram showing a fourth another example of a conveying mechanism to convey a booklet with a page picked up; 
       FIG. 42A  is a diagram showing a mechanism to pick up and turn down a page of a booklet; 
       FIG. 42B  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning-down mechanism; 
       FIG. 42C  is a diagram showing the operation of the page turning-down mechanism; 
       FIG. 43A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages of a booklet input in normal conditions; 
       FIG. 43B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 43C  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 43D  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 44A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages of a booklet input topside down; 
       FIG. 44B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 44C  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 44D  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 44E  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 45A  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 45B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 46A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages of the book; 
       FIG. 46B  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages of the book; 
       FIG. 47A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages of a booklet input upside down; 
       FIG. 47B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 47C  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 47D  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 47E  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 48A  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 48B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 48C  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 49A  is a diagram showing the operation of turning pages of a booklet input topside down and upside down; 
       FIG. 49B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 49C  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 49D  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 50A  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; 
       FIG. 50B  is a diagram showing the page turning operation; and 
       FIG. 50C  is a diagram showing the page turning operation. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a booklet page turning apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention. 
   In the drawing, a reference number  1  denotes a conveying path to convey a booklet T. The conveying path  1  has conveying rollers  2   a  to  2   d  as a conveying device, and detection sensors  4   a  to  4   d  to optically detect a booklet T, which are arranged at predetermined intervals along a booklet T conveying direction. Pinch-rollers  2   a ′ and  2   d ′ are provided on the conveying rollers  2   a  and  2   d  in a contacting fashion. The conveying rollers  2   b  and  2   c  are placed at a page turning position  5 . The conveying rollers  2   a  to  2   d  are rotationally driven with a conveying roller drive motor  26  shown in  FIG. 5 . 
   Contact feed mechanisms  20 A and  20 B are provided above the conveying rollers  2   b  and  2   c . A page pickup detection sensor  19 , which optically detects a page sucked and picked up by a vacuum pad  10   a  described later, is provided above the page turning position  5 . A page number detection sensor  24  as a detection device to detect the page number of a turned page is provided close to the contact feed mechanism  20 B. The detection sensors  4   a  to  4   d , page pickup detection sensor  19 , and page number detection sensor  24  are connected to a control unit  40  through a signal circuit as a control device as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
   The contact feed mechanism  20 A is provided with a pinch-roller  21   a  as a second contact roller. The pinch-roller  21   a  is fixed to a shaft  6  as shown in  FIG. 2 . A bladed wheel  22   a  is provided close to the pinch-roller  21   a  on the shaft  6 . The bladed wheel  22   a  has flexible tapping blades on the periphery, which contact the booklet T and tap down the lower part of the page to be turned over, when the wheel rotates. 
     FIG. 2  shows a drive system of the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a.    
   The shaft  6  is rotatably supported by a support bracket  7 . On end of the shaft  6  is projected outward the bracket  7 . The projected end of the shaft  6  is connected to a pinch-roller drive motor  9  (shown in  FIG. 5 ) through a drive belt  8 , so that the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a  are rotated forward and rearward by the pinch-roller drive motor  9 . 
   The support bracket  7  is provided with a guide body  20   a  as a unit to guide conveyance of the booklet T. The support bracket  7  is supported by a parallel link mechanism  23   a . The parallel link mechanism  23   a  is rotated forward and rearward by a parallel link drive motor  25  (shown in  FIG. 5 ). When the parallel link mechanism  23   a  is rotated, the guide body  20   a  is moved together with the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a , between a conveying position close to the conveying roller  2   b  and a standby position upper left of the conveying position. 
   The contact feed mechanism  20 B is configured similar to the contact feed mechanism  20 A. Namely, the contact feed mechanism  20 B is provided with a guide body  20   b , a pinch-roller (a first contact roller)  21   b , a bladed wheel  22   b , and a parallel link mechanism  23   b , so that the guide body  20   b , pinch-roller  21   b  and bladed wheel  22   b  are moved between a conveying position close to the conveying roller  2   c  and a standby position upper right of the conveying position. 
   A page turning-sucking mechanism  10  is provided at the page turning position  5 . 
   Hereinafter, the turning-sucking mechanism  10  will be explained with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
   The turning-sucking mechanism  10  has vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  on the upper side and lower side of the conveying path  1 . The lower-side vacuum pad  10   b  is provided with a suction port faced up, and opposes the lower side of the booklet T conveyed right above. The upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is fixed to a support rack  15 . The vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  are connected to a pump  12  through a negative pressure supply circuit  11 . The negative pressure supply circuit  11  includes a filter  14  to separate dust in the air sucked in by the negative pressure, an operation value  13  to switch the negative pressure, and branch tubes  31   a  to  31   c.    
   When the operation valve  13  is opened, negative pressure is generated in the vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b , and the booklet T is opposed to and sucked by the vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b . The sucking force W of the vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  is obtained by the following equation.
 
 W= 0.1 ×P×A/S  
 
   P: Vacuum pressure (gauge pressure) [−kPa] 
   A: Vacuum pad area [cm 2 ] 
   S: Safety ratio 
   Guide rings  15   a  and  15   b  are provided in the upper and lower parts of the side of the support rack. Guide plates  16  are provided along the longitudinal direction of the support track  15 . The guide rings  15   a  and  15   b  of the support track  15  are fit in cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b  of the guide plates  16 . 
   The lower guide ring  15   a  is also fit in a groove  17   a  of a drive link plate  17  as a drive device. The drive link plate  17  is connected to a drive shaft  17   c . The drive shaft  17   c  is extended and held between the guide plates  16 . A hand knob  26   a  is fixed to one end of the drive shaft  17   c , and a drive link plate drive motor  29  is connected to the other end through a drive pulley  27  and a drive belt  28 . 
   The axis of the upper guide ring  15   b  is connected to a hook  18   a  through a spring  18 , and the support rack is elastically energized in the upper direction. When the drive link plate drive motor  29  is driven, the drive shaft  17   c  is rotated through the drive belt  28  and drive pulley  27 , and the drive link plate  17  is rotationally moved forward and rearward (to the right and left). By this rotational movement, the guide rings  15   a  and  15   b  are guided along the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b  of the guide plate  16 , and moves the support rack  15 . 
   The drive link plate  17  points in the direction of twelve o&#39;clock direction in the initial sate before the support rack is moved, and the vacuum pad  10   a  supported by the support rack  15  waits ready at the upper standby position. 
     FIG. 4  shows the tracks of the vacuum pads of the support rack  15  moving along the booklet T page turning position  5  and the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b  of the guide plate  16 . A reference number M 1  denotes the bound edge of the booklet T at the page turning start position, and M 2  denotes the bound edge of the booklet T at the reverse page turning start position. A reference symbol Pn denotes the center position of the guide ring  15   a , and Qn denotes the center position of the guide ring  15   b.    
   The position and direction of the support rack  15  are determined at the center positions Pn and Qn of the guide rings  15   a  and  15   b . The vacuum pad  10   a  is moved together with the support rack  15 . Namely, P 1  to P 2  and Q 1  to Q 2  in the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b  of the guide plate  16  are arc-shaped around M 1 . During the arc-shaped movement, the vacuum pad  10   a  is moved around M 1  in synchronization with the pickup motion around the bound edge of the uppermost page of the booklet T. 
   In the reverse page turning, the motion of the vacuum pad  10   a  and the shape of the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b  of the guide plate  16  are symmetrical around M 2 . 
   P 0  to P 2  is shaped like an arc smoothly connecting the curves of the symmetrical development of P 1  to P 2 , and Q 0  to Q 2  is shaped like linearly moving back in the object axis direction of the cam groove  16   b  of the guide plate  16 . 
   Therefore, the inclination of the support track  15  is decreased, and returned to vertical, at the standby position (initial position) above the vacuum pad  10   a.    
   The drive link plate  17  to move the guide ring  15   a  around the drive shaft (rotation center)  17   c  points the twelve o&#39;clock direction at this time, and can move the support rack  15  symmetrically in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Thereby, the maximum retreat position of the vacuum pad  10   a  in the page turning operation coincides with the rearward page turning start position, and forward and rearward page turning are possible in a compact range. 
   The positions of M 1  and M 2  may be displaced from the actual booklet T bound edge, depending on the thickness and binding method of the booklet T, the positions of rigid pages, or variations in the page turning start position caused by the manner of conveying. In the operation of picking up the uppermost page of the booklet T, the vacuum pad  10   a  may not move in an ideal path and may be displaced. However, if the pickup angle is smaller than 45°, there is a play for balancing between the booklet T and the vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b , and the displacement is not a problem. The play is caused by the elastic deformation of the vacuum pad  10  and elastic deformation in the vicinity of the bound edge of the booklet T. 
     FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a drive control system of the above-described page turning apparatus. 
   As described above, the detection sensors  4   a  to  4   d , page pickup detection sensor  19 , and page number detection sensor  24  are connected to the control unit  40  as a control device through a signal circuit. The control unit  40  is connected to the operation valve  13 , and the drive motors  9 ,  25 ,  26  and  29  for the pinch-roller, parallel link, conveying roller, and drive link plate, respectively, so that the driving of the pinch-rollers  21   a  and  21   b , bladed wheels  22   a  and  22   b , parallel link mechanisms  23   a  and  23   b , conveying rollers  2   a  to  2   d , drive link plate  17 , and vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  is controlled based on a detection signal. 
   Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of turning the pages of the booklet T with reference to  FIGS. 6 to 15 . The booklet T is conveyed rightward along the conveying path  1  by the rotation of the conveying roller  2   a  in the direction of arrow. When the booklet T is conveyed to the detection sensor  4   b  and detected there, the control unit  40  rotates the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a  in the direction of arrow, and operates a parallel link mechanism  33   a . By the operation of the parallel link mechanism  23   a , as shown in  FIG. 6 , a movable guide  20   a  is moved from the standby position to the conveying position together with the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a , and the booklet T is held and conveyed farther to the right by the conveying roller  2   b  and pinch-roller  21   a . When the booklet T is conveyed in this way and detected by the detection sensor  4   c , the conveying roller  2   b  and pinch-roller  21   a  are rotated in the reverse direction by the predetermined number of pulses, and the booklet T is fed in the reverse direction and stopped at the predetermined page turning start position  5 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 7 , the parallel link mechanism  23   a  is moved in the direction reverse to the booklet T conveying direction, and the movable guide  20   a  is moved from the conveying position to the standby position, together with the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a.    
   At this time, the operation value  13  is operated, negative pressure is generated in the vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b , and the lower side of the booklet T is sucked and held by the lower vacuum pad  10   b . Further, the drive link plate drive motor  29  is operated, and as shown in  FIG. 7 , the drive link plate  17  is rotated clockwise, and the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  contacts and sucks the uppermost plate Ta of the booklet T. Then, the drive link plate  17  is rotated in the reverse direction (counterclockwise), and is moved upward along the path of the cam groove  16   a  of the guide plate  16 , while the vacuum pad  10   a  is sucking the uppermost page Ta. Thereby, the uppermost page Ta of the booklet T is pickup up just like pivoting about the bound edge Tb while being sucked by the vacuum pad  10   a . The uppermost page Ta is simply rotationally moved about the bound edge Tb, and is given no bending deforming force, and the page rigidity is not influenced by the page turning operation. 
   When the uppermost page Ta of the booklet T is picked up to the predetermined position, it is detected by the page pickup detection sensor  19 . Based on the detection, the control unit  40  is operated, and the movable guide  20   b  is moved from the standby position to the conveying position together with the rotating pinch-roller  21   b  and bladed wheel  22   b , as shown in  FIG. 8 . At this time, the lower pages floated by the picked-up uppermost page Ta of the booklet T are tapped down by the tapping blades of the bladed wheel  22   b , and the pinch-roller  21   b  goes into the page immediately under the uppermost page Ta. 
   Thereafter, the operation valve  13  is closed by the control unit  40 , and suction of the vacuum pad  10   a  is stopped. Then, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the drive link plate  17  is returned to the direction of twelve o&#39;clock, and the vacuum pad  10   a  is returned to the upper standby position. The booklet T is held and conveyed to the right by the rotation of the conveying roller  2   c  and pinch-roller  21   b , detected by the booklet detection sensor  4   d , and stopped. Thereby, the uppermost page Ta of the booklet T contact contacts the pinch-roller  21   b.    
   At this time, the drive link plate  17  rotates counterclockwise from the initial state, and moves the vacuum pad  10   a  so as to retreat from a turning-down range of the turned-up uppermost page Ta of the booklet T as shown in  FIG. 10 . At this time, the right end of the booklet T has been held ready to be conveyed by the conveying roller  2   d  and pinch-roller  2   d ′, and the movable guide  20   b  is returned to the standby state. The conveying roller  2   d  is rotated in this state, and the turned-up uppermost page Ta of the booklet T is completely turned down in a state interrupted by no surrounding parts as shown in  FIG. 11 . Therefore, operation can be completed without depending on the rigidity of the page. 
   In the conveyance, the page number detection sensor  24  scans the page number recorded on an opened page Ta of the booklet T. The scanned information is sent to the control unit  40 . Based on the scanned information, the control unit  40  determines whether the page turning operation is executed faithfully to a program. If the page turning operation is found not faithful to a program, the page turning operation is retried. 
   When the page turning operation is found faithful to a program, the booklet T is sent to and processed in a post-step. The processed booklet T is sent back to the page turning position  5  as shown in  FIG. 11 . In this state, the vacuum pad  10   a  sucks and picks up the page Ta as shown in  FIG. 12 . When the picked-up page Ta is detected by the page pickup sensor  19 , the movable guide  20   a  moves to the right together with the pinch-roller  21   a  and bladed wheel  22   a , and goes into the lower part of the page Ta, as shown in  FIG. 13 . Then, the booklet T is conveyed to the left by the rotation of the conveying rollers  2   b ,  2   c  and  2   d  in the direction of arrow, and the plate Ta contacts the pinch-roller  21   a  and is rotated in the closing direction, as shown in  FIG. 14 . Further, as shown in  FIG. 15 , the booklet T is conveyed to the right, the page Ta is rotated in the closing direction and closed, and the page closing operation is completed. In the page closing operation, the vacuum pad  10   a  is retreated to the lower right direction from the standby position, to prevent from contacting the page Ta rotating largely in the closing direction. 
   As described above, according to this embodiment, as the page Ta is picked up and turned over by the sucking force of the vacuum pad  10   a , the page Ta is exposed to no deforming load, and the page can be turned forward and rearward irrespective of the rigidity, friction coefficient and other properties of the page. 
   Further, as the pinch-roller  21   a  (or  21   b ) goes into the lower part of the page Ta pickup up by the vacuum pad  10   a , and contacts the page Ta, the page can be opened by small amount of pickup, or movement by the vacuum pad  10   a , and can be laid out equivalent to a conventional page turning apparatus using buckling distortion. 
   Further, the maximum retreat position of the vacuum pad  10   a  in the page turning operation coincides with the rearward page turning start position, and forward and rearward page turning are possible in a compact range. 
   Further, the opened page number is detected by the detection sensor  24 , and if the detection result is different from a predetermined page number, the turning operation is retried. Therefore, exact page turning is possible. 
     FIGS. 16A to 22C  show a page turning apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention. 
   The same parts as those of the first embodiment are given the same numbers, and a detailed explanation thereof is omitted. 
     FIGS. 16A to 16C  and  FIGS. 17A to 17C  show an operation of turning a front cover of a booklet.  FIGS. 18A to 18C  and  FIGS. 19A to 19C  show an operation of turning body pages.  FIGS. 20A to 20C  and  FIGS. 21A to 21C  show an operation of turning back body pages. 
   In the second embodiment, a pickup hold guide  35  is provided in the contact feed mechanisms  20 A and  20 B. When the page sucked and pickup up by the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  accidentally falls, the pickup hold guide  35  holds the fallen page. 
   Further, the page number detection sensor  24  is provided in the contact feed mechanism  20 B as a unit, and is moved together with the contact feed mechanism  20 B. The page number detection sensor  24  needs to move toward the booklet T when reading the number of the booklet T. As the page number detection sensor  24  moves together with the contact feed mechanism  20 B, no additional device is required to move the page number detection sensor  24 . This contributes to make the apparatus compact. 
   Further, the upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  are connected to a negative pressure generation mechanism  36  as shown in  FIGS. 22A to 22C . Namely, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is connected to a filter  37 , a pressure gauge  38 , a first solenoid valve  39 , and a vacuum pump  42  through a filter  40 . The vacuum pump  42  is connected to a silencer  43 . The lower vacuum pad  10   b  is connected to the upstream side of the first solenoid valve  39  through a filter  44  and a second solenoid valve  45 . 
     FIG. 22A  shows the state in which a suction force is generated in the upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b .  FIG. 22B  shows the state in which the first solenoid valve  39  is switched and the suction forces of the upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  are eliminated.  FIG. 22C  shows the state in which the first and second solenoid valves  39  and  45  are switched, a suction force is generated in the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a , and the suction force of the lower vacuum pad  10   b  is eliminated. 
   Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of turning the front cover Ta of the booklet T with reference to  FIGS. 16A to 16C  and  FIGS. 17A to 17C . 
   As shown in  FIG. 16A , when the booklet T is conveyed to the page turning start position  5 , the lower vacuum pad  10   b  sucks and holds the booklet, and the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves down, contacts, sucks and holds the front cover Ta of the booklet T. Then, as shown in  FIG. 16B , the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves up along the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b , and picks up the front cover Ta. When the front cover Ta is pickup up to a predetermined position, the contact feed mechanism  20 B moves and goes under the front cover Ta as shown in  FIG. 16C . Then, the conveying roller  2   c  and pinch-rollers  21   b  holds and conveys the booklet T as shown in  FIG. 17A . When the booklet T is conveyed, the operation of the first and second solenoid valves  39  and  45  is controlled and the suction of the upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b  is released, but the timing of releasing the suction of the vacuum pads is different. Namely, when the booklet T is conveyed by a predetermined distance h 1 , the suction of the lower vacuum pad  10   b  is released, and then when the booklet is further conveyed by distance h 2 , the suction of the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is released. Namely, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  sucks and holds the front cover Ta until the last minute not to drop the front cover Ta to the bladed wheel  22   b . Further, at this time, if the front cover Ta is accidentally put down by the rotation of the bladed wheel  22   b , the front cover Ta is received by the pickup hold guide  35  not to be involved into the bladed wheel  22   b.    
   The upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is returned to the upper standby position after the suction is released, as shown in  FIG. 17B . The booklet T is further held and conveyed by the conveying roller  2   c  and pinch-roller  21   b , and the front cover Ta contacts the pinch-roller  21   b  and is turned as shown in  FIG. 17C . 
   Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of turning a body page Tb of the booklet T with reference to  FIGS. 18A to 18C  and  FIGS. 19A to 19C . 
   As shown in  FIG. 18A , when the booklet T with the front cover Ta opened is conveyed to the page turning start position  5 , the lower vacuum pad  10   b  sucks and holds the booklet, and the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves down and contacts the uppermost body page Tc of the booklet T, and sucks and holds the body page Tc. Then, as shown in  FIG. 18B , the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves up along the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b , and picks up the body page Tc. At this time, the body page Tc contacts the drive shaft  17   c , bends, and separates from a lower body page Td. When the body page Tc is pickup up to a predetermined position, the contact feed mechanism  20 B moves and goes under the body page Tc as shown in  FIG. 18C , and the bladed wheel  22   b  rotates and puts down a lower body page Td. Then, the conveying roller  2   c  and pinch-rollers  21   b  holds and conveys the booklet T as shown in  FIG. 19A . When the booklet T is conveyed, as in the case of turning the front cover, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  sucks and holds the body page Tc until the last minute not to drop it to the bladed wheel  22   b . Further, at this time, if the body page Tc is accidentally put down by the rotation of the bladed wheel  22   b , the body page Tc is received by the pickup hold guide  35  not to be involved into the bladed wheel  22 . 
   The upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is returned to the upper standby position after the suction is released, as shown in  FIG. 19B . The booklet T is further held and conveyed by the conveying roller  2   c  and pinch-roller  21   b , and the body page Tc contacts the pinch-roller  21   b  and is turned as shown in  FIG. 19C . 
   Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of turning back a body page Tc of the booklet T with reference to  FIGS. 20A to 20C  and  FIGS. 21A to 21C . 
   As shown in  FIG. 20A , when the booklet T with the body page Td opened is conveyed to the page turning start position  5 , the lower vacuum pad  10   b  sucks and holds the booklet T, and the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves down and contacts the upper surface of the opened body page Td, and sucks and holds it. Then, as shown in  FIG. 20B , the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves up along the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b , and picks up the body page Td. At this time, the body page Td contacts the drive shaft  17   c , bends, and separates from the lower body page Tc. When the body page Td is pickup up to a predetermined position, the contact feed mechanism  20 A moves and goes under the body page Td as shown in  FIG. 20C , and the bladed wheel  22   a  rotates and puts down the lower body page Tc. At this time, if the body page Td is accidentally put down by the rotation of the bladed wheel  22   a , the body page Td is received by the pickup hold guide  35  not to be involved into the bladed wheel  22   a . Then, the booklet T is held and conveyed to the left by the conveying rollers  2   c  and  3   d  and pinch-rollers  21   b  and  2   d ′. When the booklet T is conveyed, as in the case of turning the front cover, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  sucks and holds the body page Td until the last minute not to drop it to the bladed wheel  22 . 
   The upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is returned to the upper standby position after the suction is released, as shown in  FIG. 21B . The booklet T is further held and conveyed by the conveying roller  2   b  and pinch-roller  21   a , and the body page Tc contacts the pinch-roller  21   a  and is turned back as shown in  FIG. 21C . 
     FIGS. 23A to 23C  show a page turning apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention. 
   The same parts as those of the embodiments described above are given the same numbers, and a detailed explanation thereof is omitted. 
   In a booklet publishing machine provided with a page turning apparatus, a booklet whose pages are turned to a predetermined page by the page turning apparatus is conveyed to a printing unit, and the opened predetermined page is printed or subjected to other processing. 
   Namely, in a booklet publishing machine, it is necessary to convey (transfer) a booklet with a predetermined page opened or closed to pre and post processing units along a conveying path in the page turning apparatus. 
   In a prior art, an upper conveying guide plate is provided above a position of turning pages. When a page is turned, the upper guide plate is retreated not to interrupt the page turning operation. When a booklet is transferred and conveyed, the upper guide is returns to its normal position to satisfactorily convey a booklet even if a page edge of a booklet is turned up or a booklet itself is accustomed to close. 
   However, use of the upper guide increases the number of parts and costs. 
   In the third embodiment, a booklet can be satisfactorily transferred and conveyed without using the upper guide. 
   Namely, in the third embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 23A , the booklet T conveyed from the right side of the apparatus with a page Te opened is conveyed by the pinching operation of the contact feed mechanism  20 B at the exit, and once stopped at the page turning position  5 . Then, before transferring the booklet T to the contact feed mechanism  20 A at the entrance, the contact feed mechanism  20 B at the exit is retreated, and the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is moved down to press the turned-up page Te, as shown in  FIG. 23B , thereby providing the same function as the upper guide. Then, the contact feed mechanism  20 A at the entrance pinches the page Te, and the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves up and returns to the standby position. After the vacuum pad  10   a  returns to the standby position, the contact feed mechanism  20 A pinches and conveys the booklet T to the left side of the apparatus. When the booklet T passes through the contact feed mechanism  20 A (detected by the sensor  4   b ) on the way to the left side, the contact feed mechanism  20 A returns to the standby position. 
     FIGS. 24A to 24C  and  FIGS. 25A to 25C  show a page turning apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. 
   The same parts as those of the embodiments described above are given the same numbers, and a detailed explanation thereof is omitted. 
   The booklet T may need to be processed on a page close to the back cover to be found by turning pages from the back cover, in addition to a page close to the front cover to be found by turning pages from the front cover. To perform the processing continuously, the following methods are required in a conventional method. 
   (1) Convey a booklet once back to a booklet input part, and asks the operator to input a booklet by turning the back cover up. 
   (2) Repeat turning body pages up to a predetermined page close to the back cover. 
   However, the method (1) is troublesome for the operator, and the processing time increase as the number of pages of a booklet increases in the method (2). 
   To resolve these problems, after the page close to the front cover is processed, a booklet is once folded and closed, and turned over (with the rear cover up) by a booklet turn-over apparatus connected to a page turning apparatus, and then the pages are turned from the back cover in the page turning apparatus. 
   A booklet turn-over apparatus has a booklet holder plate to hold a booklet conveyed to the apparatus, and a booklet is turned up by turning the booklet holder plate 180° by a turning mechanism. An opened booklet folding apparatus may be connected to the page turning apparatus on the conveying path, like the booklet turn-over apparatus. 
   However, if the page turning apparatus can fold a booklet, it is convenient to use, and may not increase the size of a booklet publishing machine. 
   In the fourth embodiment, the page turning apparatus can fold a booklet. 
   Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of folding the front cover Ta of the booklet T with reference to  FIGS. 24A to 24C  and  FIGS. 25A to 25C . 
   As shown in  FIG. 24A , the booklet T with the front cover Ta opened is conveyed to the page turning start position  5 , the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves down, contacts the upper surface of the opened front cover Ta, and sucks and holds the front cover. At this time, the suction/holding by the lower vacuum pad  10   b  is released. Then, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves up along the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b , and picks up the front cover Ta, as shown in  FIG. 24B . When the front cover Ta is picked up to a predetermined position, the contact feed mechanism  20 B moves and goes under the front cover Ta, as shown in  FIG. 24C . Then, the booklet T is held and conveyed to the right by the conveying rollers  2   a  and  2   b  and pinch-rollers  2   a ′ and  21   a , and the suction of the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is released. After the suction is released, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is retreated to the upper retreat position, as shown in  FIG. 25A . The booklet T is further held and conveyed to the right by the conveying roller  2   c  and pinch-roller  21   b  as shown in  FIG. 25B , and the front cover Ta contacts the pinch-roller  21   b , and is rotationally moved down, and folded as shown in  FIG. 21B . 
     FIGS. 26A to 26C  and  FIGS. 27A to 27C  show a page turning apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. 
   The same parts as those of the embodiments described above are given the same numbers, and a detailed explanation thereof is omitted. 
   In the fourth embodiment, a booklet turn-over apparatus is provided separately from the page turning apparatus. In the fifth embodiment, a page turning apparatus is partially modified to be able to turn-over a booklet. 
   Namely, in the fifth embodiment, a conveying belt  46  is provided under the page turning position  5 . The conveying belt  46  is extended over the drive transmission parts  46   a  and  46   b  such as a pulley. The surface of the conveying belt  46  is continuously corrugated in the running direction to convey the booklet T by stopping the end of the booklet T at the corrugation. Therefore, the booklet T can be conveyed without providing pinch-rollers above the conveying path. 
   The conveying belt  46  may be driven from the driving source of the conveying rollers  2   a  and  2   d , or driven from a separate exclusive driving source. In the fifth embodiment, the lower vacuum pad  10   b  is not used to turn over the booklet T. 
   Next, an explanation will be given of the operation of turning over the booklet T. 
   As shown in  FIG. 26A , the booklet T is conveyed to the page turning start position  5 , the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves down, contacts the upper surface of the bound edge, and sucks and holds the booklet T. (At this time, the suction/holding by the lower vacuum pad  10   b  is released.) Then, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  moves up along the cam grooves  16   a  and  16   b , and picks up the booklet T, as shown in  FIG. 26B . When the booklet T is picked up to a predetermined position, the contact feed mechanism  20 B moves and goes under the booklet T, as shown in  FIG. 26C . Then, the conveying belt  46  runs and conveys the booklet T, the sucking of the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  is released, and the vacuum pad  10   a  is retreated to the retreat position. As the conveying belt  46  runs, the booklet T is gradually raised, turned down after rising at 90°, and turned over 180°, as shown in  FIG. 27C . 
   As the paging apparatus can turn over the booklet T as described above, a separate turn-over apparatus is unnecessary, and a booklet publishing machine can be made compact. 
     FIG. 28  shows an example of modification of a vacuum pad. 
   A vacuum pad  50  is made like a bellows. 
   The vacuum pad  50  sucks the front cover Ta of the booklet T, and moves up to pick up the front cover Ta as shown in  FIG. 29 . At this time, the vacuum pad itself is elastically deformed to absorb the inclination incident to the pickup of the page Ta. 
     FIG. 30  shows the other holding mechanism of the vacuum pad  10   a.    
   In  FIG. 30 , the vacuum pad  10   a  is held by a holding member  52  through rotary fulcrums  51   a  and  51   b.    
   The vacuum pad  10   a  sucks the front cover Ta of the booklet T, and moves up to pick up the front cover Ta. At this time, the vacuum pad  10   a  rotates about the rotary fulcrum  51   a  to absorb the inclination incident to the pickup of the front cover Ta. 
   A member to pick up the booklet T is not limited to a vacuum pad. An adhesive board or adhesive roller may be used. It is also permitted to use a toothbrush-like member to catch and pick up a page by inserting a hook-shaped tip into the end of the booklet T. 
   As a member to turn down a picked-up page, any thing can be used as long as its material, shape and surface roughness do not damage the page surface. However, the insertion position (height) H of a turn-down member  52  is less than L, assuming that the distance from the bound edge to the end of the booklet T. 
   The turn-down member  52  may go under a picked-up page as shown in  FIG. 32 . Or, the turn-down member  52  may be fixed, and the booklet T is conveyed to slide the uppermost picked-up page over the turn-down member  53 . 
     FIGS. 34 to 37  show mechanisms to put down the pages under the uppermost page Ta picked up by the vacuum pad  10   a  without using the bladed wheel  22 . 
     FIG. 34  shows a mechanism of blowing down the pages under the page picked up by the vacuum pad  10   a  by blowing air from an air nozzle  54 . 
     FIG. 35  shows a mechanism of putting down the pages under the picked-up page by minutely and alternately vibrating the suction pads  10   a.    
     FIG. 36  shows a mechanism of putting down the pages under the uppermost page by bending the pages under the picked-up uppermost page by applying a rotary roller  56  to the underside of the picked-up uppermost page and rotating the roller. 
     FIG. 37  shows a mechanism of putting down the pages under the picked-up mage by vibrating and applying a toothbrush-like member  57  to the page end of the booklet T, and inserting the brush tips into the pages. 
     FIG. 38  to  FIG. 41  shows a conveying mechanism to convey the booklet T with the uppermost page Ta picked up without using combination of a conveying roll and a pinch-roller. 
   The conveying mechanism shown in  FIG. 38  has the lower-side vacuum pad  10   b  fixed to the conveying belt  58 , and conveys the booklet T by running the conveying belt  58  with the booklet T sucked and held by the vacuum pad  10   b.    
   The conveying mechanism shown in  FIG. 39  holds both ends of the booklet T with grip claws  59 , and conveys the booklet T by moving the grip claw  59 . 
   In the conveying mechanism shown in  FIG. 40 , the conveying rollers  60  contact both ends of the booklet T, and the booklet T is conveyed by rotating the conveying rollers  60 . 
   In the conveying mechanism shown in  FIG. 41 , a porous belt  62  is provided, a suction chamber  63  is provided under the porous belt  62 , and negative pressure is generated on the porous belt  62  by sucking air by the suction chamber  63 . The booklet T is held on the porous belt  62  by the negative pressure, and the booklet T is conveyed by running the porous belt  62 . 
   The functions of picking up a page, opening a page, putting down pages under a picked-up page, and conveying a booklet described above may not be individually prepared, and may be combined. 
   For example,  FIGS. 42A to 42C  show an example using a suction drum  65  as an element to realize the functions of picking up and opening a page. 
   A suction drum  65  is connected to a vacuum pump  42 , keeps the inside at negative pressure, and has many small holes on the drum surface  65   a . The drum surface  65   a  is housed in a case body  65   b  that is coaxial and rotatable with the drum  65 . The lower part of the drum surface is exposed to the outside through an opening  65   d  of the case body  65   b . The case body  65   b  is provided with small rollers  65   c  at both ends of the opening  65   d.    
   When the booklet T opposes the lower part of the suction drum  65  as shown in  FIG. 42A , the uppermost page of the booklet T is sucked through the small holes. When the suction drum  65  is swung upward as shown in  FIG. 42B , the small rollers  65   c  move along the uppermost page of the booklet T, the case body  65   b  rotates, the exposed drum surface  65   a  rotates together, and the uppermost page Ta is picked up. After the uppermost page Ta is picked up, the booklet T is conveyed as shown in  FIG. 42C , and the uppermost page Ta is sucked, held, and turned down, while changing its contact position on the drum surface  65   a.    
   If a vacuum regulator  69  is inserted into a tube, which connects the vacuum pump  42  and vacuum pad  10   a  shown in  FIG. 22A , and is connected to the control unit  40 , the degree of vacuum can be controlled. 
   For example, information about a current page obtained by the page number detection sensor  24  is collated with information about optimum degree of vacuum, and the vacuum pad  10   a  can be given a suction force at the degree of vacuum optimum to that page. 
   For example, if the paper fibers of the body pages of the booklet T are coarse and air is likely to flow into the pages, a defect of sucking two or more pages at a time may occur. However, such a defect can be prevented by giving an appropriate suction force to the vacuum pad by the above-mentioned method. 
   Concretely, if the diameter of the vacuum pad  10   a  is 10 mm and the degree of vacuum is 60 kPa, a defect of concurrently sucking two or more pages is likely to occur in the body pages equivalent to Japanese writing paper due to the above-mentioned reason. However, such a defect can be practically prevented by controlling the degree of vacuum to ½ by the vacuum regulator  69 . 
   A vacuum generating source is not limited to the vacuum pump  42 . A vacuum generator (ejector) using negative pressure generated near a positive pressure blowout port of a compressor, or a device capable of changing the degree of vacuum may be used. 
     FIGS. 43A to 50C  show cases of handling a booklet conveyed in various conditions. 
   There are various structures and number of pages of a booklet. Normal handling means turning the front cover Ta of the booklet T bound at the left-side edge as shown in  FIG. 43A . 
   On each page of the opened booklet T, signs meaning a page number is given at vertically symmetric positions and shape, which are detected by the page number detection sensor  24 . 
     FIGS. 43A to 43D  show the operation of handling the booklet T input in normal conditions. 
   When the booklet T is input as shown in  FIG. 43A  and conveyed to the page turning position  5  as shown in  FIG. 43B , the pages of the booklet T are turned clockwise at the page turning position  5  by the vacuum pad  10   a  as shown in  FIG. 44C , and the page number detection sensor  24  reads the turned page number as shown in  FIG. 43D . When the read value coincides with the turned page specified by the control unit  40 , the page turning operation is normally finished. If the read value is different due to turning two or more pages at a time, the pages are turned back to the normal page. 
     FIGS. 44A to 44E  show the operation of handling the booklet T, which is input topside down. 
   When the booklet T is input as shown in  FIG. 44A  and conveyed to the page turning position  5  as shown in  FIG. 44B , the pages of the booklet T are turned clockwise at the page turning position  5  by the vacuum pad  10   a  as shown in  FIG. 44C , as when the booklet is input in the normal conditions, but the bound edge side is tried to be picked up, and the booklet T is pulled by both upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b.    
   Here, the vacuum pads  10  and  10   b  are in the following relationship.
 
Σspfp&lt;ΣSqFq
 
   s and S: Distance between the axle of rotation in the pickup operation and each vacuum pad 
   f and F: Suction force of the vacuum pad 
   A lowercase character indicates the upper suction vacuum pad, and an uppercase character indicates the lower suction vacuum pad. The upper suction vacuum pad exists from 1 to p, and the lower suction vacuum pad exists from 1 to q. In this relationship, as a result of the pulling by the upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b , the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  certainly releases the booklet T. 
   In this case, the control unit  40  determines that the input booklet T is bound at the right edge, turns the pages counterclockwise as shown in  FIG. 44D , and reads the turned page number as shown in  FIG. 44E . 
   If the page number can be read, the reading position of the page number detection sensor  24  coincides with the actual page number reading position, and the control unit  40  determines that the booklet T is not upside down. 
   Thereafter, the booklet is handled in two manners. 
   In a first manner, the opened page of the booklet T is turned down as shown in  FIG. 45A , and the booklet T is reversed as shown in  FIG. 45B , returned to the step of  FIG. 43B , and handled by the subsequent steps. 
   In a second manner, the body paper Tc is turned back as shown in  FIG. 46A , and the page number reading shown in  FIG. 46B  is repeated until the normal turned page. If a booklet has many pages, the second manner takes time. 
     FIGS. 47A to 47E  show the operation of handling the booklet T, which is input upside down. 
   When the booklet T is input as shown in  FIG. 47A  and conveyed to the page turning position  5  as shown in  FIG. 47B , the pages of the booklet T are turned clockwise at the page turning position  5  by the vacuum pad  10   a  as shown in  FIG. 47C , as in the case where the booklet is input in the normal conditions, but the bound edge side is tried to be picked up, and the booklet T is pulled by both upper-side and lower-side vacuum pads  10   a  and  10   b . In this case, as described above, the upper-side vacuum pad  10   a  certainly releases the booklet T. The control unit  40  determines that the input booklet T is bound at the right edge, turns the pages counterclockwise as shown in  FIG. 47D , and reads the turned page number as shown in  FIG. 47E . As the booklet T is turned upside down, the reading position of the page number detection sensor  24  is different from the actual page number reading position, and the page number cannot be read. Thus, the control unit  40  determines that the booklet T is upside down, and turns down the opened page of the booklet T as shown in  FIG. 48A , and then reverses the booklet to the normal side. 
   The booklet T can be reversed to the normal side in two manners. In a first manner, the booklet is reversed by turning about a vertical axis as shown in  FIG. 48B . In a second manner, the booklet is reversed by turning about an input axis as shown in  FIG. 48C . Either manner is permitted. However, the attitude after the reversing is different in the manners shown in  FIG. 48B  and  FIG. 48C . When the booklet is reversed in the manner shown in  FIG. 48B , the booklet is returned to the step of  FIG. 43C , and handled by the subsequent steps. When the booklet is reversed in the manner shown in  FIG. 48C , the booklet is returned to the step of  FIG. 43C  through the step of  FIG. 45B , and handled by the subsequent steps. 
     FIGS. 49A to 49D  show the operation of handling the booklet T, which is input upside down and top side down. 
   When the booklet T is input as shown in  FIG. 49A  and conveyed to the page turning position  5  as shown in  FIG. 49B , the pages of the booklet T are turned clockwise at the page turning position  5  as shown in  FIG. 49C , and the turned page number is read by the page number detection sensor as shown in  FIG. 43D . At this time, as the booklet T is upside down, the reading position of the page number detection sensor  24  is different from the actual page number reading position, and the page number cannot be read. Thus, the control unit  40  determines that the booklet T is upside down, turns down the opened page, and then turns the booklet to the normal side. 
   The booklet T can be reversed to the normal side in two manners. In a first manner, the booklet is reversed by turning about a vertical axis as shown in  FIG. 50B . In a second manner, the booklet is reversed by turning about an input axis as shown in  FIG. 50C . Either manner is permitted. However, the attitude after the reversing is different in the manners shown in  FIG. 50B  and  FIG. 50C . When the booklet is reversed in the manner shown in  FIG. 50B , the booklet is returned to the step of  FIG. 43C  through the step of  FIG. 45B , and handled by the subsequent steps. When the booklet is reversed in the manner shown in  FIG. 50C , the booklet is returned to the step of  FIG. 43C , and handled by the subsequent steps. 
   According to the above two manners, the booklet T can be automatically handled to the normal page turning operation, even if the booklet T is input in any conditions. 
   In addition to the above two manners, separate exclusive sensors may be used to detect upside-down and topside-down of the booklet T. For example, an image of a whole front cover of a booklet is captured to detect upside-down and topside-down of the booklet, and reverse the booklet to normal conditions. 
   Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.