Patent Publication Number: US-11656223-B2

Title: Method of detecting test substance, sample analysis cartridge, and sample analyzer

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of application No. 16/575,449, filed on Sep. 19, 2019, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,073,514, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the Patent Application No. 15/081,070, filed on Mar. 25, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,473,652, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-093387, filed on Apr. 30, 2015, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     There is a technology to perform sample analysis by a sample analyzer using a cartridge-type fluid device (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,708,881: Patent Document 1). 
     Patent Document 1 discloses a technology to analyze a sample using a fluid device including liquid containers containing a liquid and microchannels connecting the liquid containers. A test substance is carried by magnetic particles, which are carriers, and transported by magnetic force. The magnetic particles carrying the test substance are transported between the liquid containers adjacent to each other through the microchannel by the magnetic force. The liquid contained in the liquid containers is supplied to each liquid container through the microchannels. 
     SUMMARY 
     A method of detecting a test substance according to a first embodiment is a method of detecting a test substance contained in a sample by use of a sample analysis cartridge supplied with the sample, the sample analysis cartridge including a passage part with a gas-phase space and liquid containers disposed along the passage part and communicating with the passage part through openings, the liquid containers including a first liquid container containing a first liquid containing magnetic particles for carrying the test substance, and a second liquid container containing a second liquid containing a labeled substance that can be coupled to the test substance, the method comprising: sequentially transporting the magnetic particles to the liquid containers through the gas-phase space in the passage part, and thus allowing the magnetic particles to carry a complex of the test substance and the labeled substance and detecting the test substance based on the labeled substance in the complex. 
     A sample analysis cartridge according to a second embodiment is a sample analysis cartridge set in a sample analyzer and supplied with a sample for detecting a test substance contained in the sample, comprising: a passage part with a gas-phase space; and liquid containers disposed along the passage part and communicating with the passage part through openings, wherein the liquid containers include a first liquid container containing a first liquid containing magnetic particles that carries the test substance, and a second liquid container containing a second liquid containing a labeled substance that can be coupled to the test substance, and the liquid containers are arranged such that the magnetic particles are sequentially transported to the liquid containers through the gas-phase space in the passage part, and thus a complex of the test substance and the labeled substance is carried by the magnetic particles. 
     A sample analyzer according to a third aspect of the embodiment is a sample analyzer which analyzes a test substance contained in a sample supplied to a sample analysis cartridge, comprising: a setting part that sets a sample analysis cartridge including a passage part with a gas-phase space, and liquid containers disposed along the passage part and communicating with the passage part through openings, the liquid containers including a first liquid container containing a first liquid containing magnetic particles that carries the test substance, and a second liquid container containing a second liquid containing a labeled substance that can be coupled to the test substance; a magnetic source that generates magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles in the sample analysis cartridge set in the setting part, thereby transporting the magnetic particles between the liquid containers; and a detector that detects the test substance based on the labeled substance in a complex of the test substance and the labeled substance carried by the magnetic particles, wherein the magnetic source moves near the sample analysis cartridge set in the setting part, thereby sequentially transporting the magnetic particles to the liquid containers through the gas-phase space in the passage part. 
     In sample measurement using the sample analysis cartridge, it is possible to suppress the mixing of a liquid in a liquid container into a liquid in a liquid container adjacent thereto by movement of magnetic particles. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram for explaining an overview of a method of detecting a test substance. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of liquid containers and a passage part. 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic view for explaining an overview of a sample analyzer. 
         FIG.  4    is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of a sample analysis cartridge. 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic view illustrating a configuration example of the sample analyzer. 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram for explaining an example of assay. 
         FIG.  7    is a flowchart for explaining a flow of sample analysis. 
         FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the liquid container in the sample analysis cartridge. 
         FIG.  9    is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of the liquid container. 
         FIG.  10 A  is a plan view and  FIG.  10 B  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a liquid reaction part. 
         FIG.  11    is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the liquid reaction part. 
         FIG.  12 A  is a plan view and  FIG.  12 B  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a third liquid container. 
         FIG.  13    is a cross-sectional view for explaining transportation of magnetic particles. 
         FIG.  14    is a cross-sectional view for explaining transportation of the magnetic particles between the liquid containers. 
         FIG.  15 A  is a cross-sectional view during magnetic collection,  FIG.  15 B  is a cross-sectional view during dispersion, and  FIG.  15 C  is a cross-sectional view during agitation for explaining an agitation operation in the liquid reaction part. 
         FIG.  16 A  is a diagram illustrating an agitation operation example and  FIG.  16 B  is a diagram illustrating another agitation operation example in a second liquid container. 
         FIG.  17    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of an air chamber and a valve part. 
         FIG.  18    is a schematic plan view illustrating a configuration example of a sample flow path. 
         FIG.  19    is a schematic plan view illustrating a configuration example of a mixed liquid flow path. 
         FIG.  20    is a schematic cross-sectional view along the mixed liquid flow path illustrated in  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  21    is a first diagram illustrating another configuration example regarding the mixed liquid flow path. 
         FIG.  22    is a second diagram illustrating another configuration example regarding the mixed liquid flow path. 
         FIG.  23    is a third diagram illustrating another configuration example regarding the mixed liquid flow path. 
         FIG.  24    is a fourth diagram illustrating another configuration example regarding the mixed liquid flow path. 
         FIG.  25    is a fifth diagram illustrating another configuration example regarding the mixed liquid flow path. 
         FIG.  26    is a schematic plan view illustrating a configuration example of an R5 flow path. 
         FIG.  27    is a schematic perspective cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a detection tank. 
         FIG.  28    is a schematic plan view illustrating a configuration example of the detection tank. 
         FIG.  29    is a schematic perspective view illustrating a configuration example of the respective parts in the sample analyzer. 
         FIG.  30    is a schematic side view illustrating a configuration example of a plunger. 
         FIG.  31    is a schematic perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a heat block. 
     
    
    
     EMBODIMENTS 
     With reference to the drawings, embodiments are described below. 
     (Overview of Method of Detecting Test Substance) 
     With reference to  FIG.  1   , description is given of an overview of a method of detecting a test substance according to this embodiment. 
     The method of detecting a test substance according to this embodiment is a method of detecting a test substance contained in a sample by use of a sample analysis cartridge supplied with the sample. Sample analysis cartridge  100  is capable of receiving a sample, and is inserted into sample analyzer  500  to enable sample analyzer  500  to analyze the sample. A sample such as tissues obtained from a patient or a body fluid and a blood obtained from the patient is injected into sample analysis cartridge  100 . The cartridge having the sample injected therein is set in setting part  70  in sample analyzer  500 . The sample injected into sample analysis cartridge  100  is analyzed by a predetermined assay based on functions of the cartridge and functions of the analyzer. 
     Sample analysis cartridge  100  includes passage part  20  having a gas-phase space, liquid containers  10  disposed along passage part  20  and communicating with passage part  20  through openings  12 , and detection tank  30  for detecting test substance  41 . 
     Liquid containers  10  include: first liquid container  10   a  containing first liquid  11   a  containing magnetic particles  40  for carrying test substance  41 ; and second liquid container  10   b  containing second liquid  11   b  containing labeled substance  42  that can be coupled to test substance  41 . Liquid containers  10  may further include a liquid container containing another liquid. 
     The level of the liquid contained in each of liquid containers  10  is not particularly limited as long as the container contains an amount of liquid required for detection and there is the gas-phase space in passage part  20 . For example,  FIG.  1    illustrates an example where the levels of the liquids contained in liquid containers  10  are higher than the openings of the liquid containers. Therefore, in  FIG.  1   , the liquids contained in liquid containers  10  are also in passage part  20  above openings  12 . Here, the gas-phase space means a space filled with gas, through which magnetic particles  40  invariably pass when magnetic particles  40  are transported from the liquid in one of liquid containers  10  to the liquid in liquid container  10  adjacent thereto. Note that the inside of passage part  20  may be entirely set as the gas-phase space or may be partially set as the gas-phase space. To be more specific, a part of a transportation path of magnetic particles  40  in passage part  20  between two adjacent liquid containers  10  may be set as the gas-phase space. Note that, as for the gas, air is preferably used, but nitrogen or the like can also be used. Moreover,  FIG.  1    illustrates an example where the opening area of each of openings  12  is smaller than the area of the bottom inner surface of each of liquid containers  10 . 
     Liquid containers  10  may be configured in an empty state of containing no liquids therein, respectively, as an initial state, and also configured to be supplied with the liquids, respectively, upon usage of sample analysis cartridge  100 . More specifically, there is a separate liquid chamber storing a liquid aside from liquid containers  10 , and the liquids may be supplied to liquid containers  10  from the liquid chamber upon usage. Alternatively, sample analyzer  500  may be configured, for example, to store liquids and inject the liquids into liquid containers  10  upon usage. 
     The gas-phase space is provided in passage part  20 . A gas-liquid interface is formed between the liquids in liquid containers  10  and the gas-phase space. 
     In sample analysis cartridge  100 , test substance  41  is carried by magnetic particles  40  and transported to respective liquid containers  10  together with magnetic particles  40 . Magnetic particles  40  are transported passing through the gas-phase space in passage part  20 . Magnetic particles  40  are transported by magnetic force between adjacent liquid containers  10 . The transportation of magnetic particles  40  by the magnetic force is performed using magnetic source  50  in sample analyzer  500 . 
     With such a configuration, in the method of detecting a test substance according to this embodiment, magnetic particles  40  for carrying test substance  41  are sequentially transported to the liquid containers  10 , thereby allowing magnetic particles  40  to carry a complex of test substance  41  and labeled substance  42 . Magnetic particles  40  are transported through the gas-phase space in passage part  20  between adjacent liquid containers  10 . During the transportation process of magnetic particles  40 , test substance  41  is carried by magnetic particles  40  in first liquid container  10   a,  and labeled substance  42  is coupled to test substance  41  in second liquid container  10   b . Next, in this embodiment, test substance  41  is detected based on labeled substance  42  in the complex. Magnetic particles  40  carrying the complex are transported to detection tank  30 . In detection tank  30 , labeled substance  42  and a substrate react with each other. In detection tank  30 , test substance  41  is detected by detector  60  in sample analyzer  500  based on labeled substance  42 . 
     Magnetic source  50  is, for example, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. Magnetic source  50  generates magnetic force acting on magnetic particles  40  in sample analysis cartridge  100  set in setting part  70 , thereby transporting magnetic particles  40  between liquid containers  10 . For example, magnetic source  50  itself moves to transport magnetic particles  40 . More than one magnetic source  50  maybe disposed along the transportation path of magnetic particles  40 , and magnetic sources  50  generating the magnetic force may be switched to transport magnetic particles  40 . In the example of  FIG.  1   , magnetic source  50  moves near sample analysis cartridge  100  set in setting part  70 , thereby sequentially transporting magnetic particles  40  to liquid containers  10  through the gas-phase space in passage part  20 . 
     During the transportation of magnetic particles  40 , magnetic particles  40  move into the gas-phase space in passage part  20  by breaking through the gas-liquid interface from inside the liquid in the liquid container  10 , and then move into the liquid in adjacent liquid container  10  by breaking through the gas-liquid interface from the gas-phase space. Thus, the mixing of the liquids in respective liquid containers  10  is suppressed during the transportation of magnetic particles  40  between adjacent liquid containers  10 . During the transportation of magnetic particles  40 , the liquids in respective liquid containers  10  may leak into passage part  20  from openings  12  as long as the amount of the liquid leaking into passage part  20  is not as large as that is mixed with the liquid in another liquid container  10  and the gas-phase space remains in passage part  20 . Even in such a case, magnetic particles  40  can move through the gas-phase space in passage part  20 . Thus, it is possible to suppress the mixing of the liquid in liquid container  10  into the liquid in liquid container  10  adjacent thereto by the movement of magnetic particles  40 . 
     As described above, in the method of detecting a test substance according to this embodiment, it is possible to suppress the mixing of the liquid in liquid container  10  into the liquid in liquid container  10  adjacent thereto by the movement of magnetic particles  40  in sample analysis using sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
       FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of liquid containers  10  and passage part  20 . 
     In the configuration example of  FIG.  2   , the levels of the liquids contained in liquid containers  10  are set lower than openings  12 . In this case, magnetic particles  40  are pulled up to the gas-phase space in passage part  20  from inside the liquid  11   a  in first liquid container  10   a,  and then transported to second liquid container  10   b.    FIG.  2    also illustrates an example where the opening area of the openings  12  is set larger than that of openings  12  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     In the configuration examples of  FIGS.  1  and  2   , passage part  20  is disposed above respective liquid containers  10 . To be more specific, passage part  20  is disposed close to the upper surface of sample analysis cartridge  100 , and openings  12  are formed in upper parts of liquid containers  10 . Therefore, the gas-phase space in passage part  20 , through which magnetic particles  40  are transported, can be easily provided. In this case, magnetic source  50  in sample analyzer  500  outside sample analysis cartridge  100  can be set close to passage part  20 . As a result, stronger magnetic force can be generated to act on magnetic particles  40 . Thus, magnetic particles  40  can be efficiently transported. Moreover, just by disposing magnetic source  50  close to passage part  20 , magnetic particles  40  can be easily allowed to pass through openings  12 . 
     Moreover, in the configuration examples of  FIGS.  1  and  2   , magnetic particles  40  are transported by moving magnetic source  50  along passage part  20  above sample analysis cartridge  100 . In this case, magnetic particles  40  can be transported while allowing stronger magnetic force to act on magnetic particles  40  by disposing magnetic source  50  close to passage part  20 . As a result, magnetic particles  40  can be easily transported so as to pass through the gas-phase space in passage part  20 . 
     (Overview of Sample Analyzer) 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an overview of sample analyzer  500  according to this embodiment. Sample analyzer  500  can determine whether or not there is a test substance in a sample and can also determine the concentration of the test substance in the sample. Sample analyzer  500  is small and has a size that can be installed on a desk in an examination room where a doctor examines a patient, for example. In this embodiment, the size of sample analyzer  500  is, for example, about 150 cm 2  to 300 cm 2  in installation area. Sample analyzer  500  has a slot into which sample analysis cartridge  100  is inserted, for example. Sample analysis cartridge  100  inserted into the slot is set in setting part  550  in the sample analyzer. Sample analyzer  500  performs analysis processing on sample analysis cartridge  100  set in setting part  550 . 
     (Configuration Example of Sample Analysis Cartridge) 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a specific configuration example of sample analysis cartridge  100  according to this embodiment. Sample analysis cartridge  100  may be a disposable cartridge. In such a case, sample analysis cartridge  100  is stored in a state of being housed in a package, and is taken out of the package for use. 
     Sample analysis cartridge  100  includes liquid containers  110  containing liquids such as a sample, a reagent and a cleaning liquid. Some reagents contain magnetic particles, which react with a substance containing a test substance. Sample analysis cartridge  100  includes detection tank  170  and liquid reaction part  112 . 
     In this embodiment, liquid containers  110  include first liquid container  111 , third liquid container  113 , second liquid container  114 , and fourth liquid container  115 . First liquid container  111 , third liquid container  113 , second liquid container  114 , and fourth liquid container  115  as well as liquid reaction part  112  are arranged along passage part  116  with a gas-phase space. The magnetic particles are transported between respective liquid containers  110  through the gas-phase space in passage part  116 . 
     The sample is injected into blood cell separator  120  in sample analysis cartridge  100 . Sample analysis cartridge  100  having blood cell separator  120  sealed therein is inserted into sample analyzer  500 . 
     Sample analysis cartridge  100  has air chamber  130 . Air sent from air chamber  130  transports some of the liquids in sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     (Configuration Example of Sample Analyzer) 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a configuration example of sample analyzer  500 . Sample analyzer  500  includes heat blocks  510 , permanent magnet  520 , plunger  530 , detector  540 , and setting part  550 . Setting part  550  holds sample analysis cartridge  100 . Setting part  550  may have any structure that can hold sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     Heat blocks  510  adjust the temperature of sample analysis cartridge  100  inserted into sample analyzer  500 . Heat blocks  510  may be disposed so as to come into contact with the upper and lower surfaces of sample analysis cartridge  100 . Heat blocks  510  may include a part of or all of setting part  550 . 
     In sample analyzer  500 , magnetic particles contained in some of the liquid containers in sample analysis cartridge  100  are transported by magnetic force of permanent magnet  520 . As for magnetic source  50  in sample analyzer  500 , an electromagnet other than permanent magnet  520  may be used. 
     In sample analyzer  500 , plunger  530  pushes down air chamber  130  in sample analysis cartridge  100 . Air chamber  130  is pushed down by plunger  530  to send air, thereby transporting some of the liquids in sample analysis cartridge  100 . Sample analyzer  500  can control the amount of air sent from air chamber  130  by adjusting how much the air chamber is pushed down by plunger  530 . Sample analyzer  500  can adjust the amount of the liquids to be transported, by controlling the air amount. Sample analyzer  500  can apply a negative pressure to sample analysis cartridge  100  by returning plunger  530  that is pushed down. Sample analyzer  500  can transport the transported liquid in an opposite direction by the negative pressure. Some of the liquids in sample analysis cartridge  100  are moved back and forth in a flow path inside sample analysis cartridge  100  by the vertical movement of plunger  530 . 
     Heat block  510  has holes  511  for permanent magnet  520  and plunger  530  to access sample analysis cartridge  100 . Holes  511  are provided in heat block  510  disposed on the upper surface of sample analysis cartridge  100 , for example. When permanent magnet  520  and plunger  530  access sample analysis cartridge  100  from both directions, holes may be provided in both of heat blocks  510  on the upper and lower surfaces of sample analysis cartridge  100 . Some of holes  511  provided in heat block  510  may be recesses or grooves that do not penetrate heat block  510 . 
     Detector  540  may be a light detector configured to detect light generated by reaction between a reagent and a complex containing a test substance. Detector  540  is, for example, a photomultiplier tube. 
     (Explanation of Assay) 
     With reference to  FIG.  6   , an overview of assay (analysis method) is described. 
     Test substance  190  includes, for example, an antigen. As an example, in  FIG.  6   , the antigen is a hepatitis B surface antigen. The test substance may be an antigen, an antibody, or one or more of other proteins. 
     An R1 reagent contains capture substance  192  to be coupled to test substance  190 . Capture substance  192  includes, for example, an antibody to be coupled to test substance  190 . In the example of  FIG.  6   , the antibody is a biotin-coupled HBs monoclonal antibody. 
     Test substance  190  coupled to the R1 reagent is coupled to magnetic particle  191 . Magnetic particle  191  is contained in an R2 reagent. Magnetic particle  191  serves as a carrier of the test substance. In the example of  FIG.  6   , magnetic particle  191  is, for example, a streptavidin-coupled magnetic particle having its surface coated with avidin. The avidin of magnetic particle  191  is likely to be coupled to the biotin of the R1 reagent. Thus, connectivity between magnetic particle  191  and capture substance  192  in the R1 reagent is improved. 
     The coupled body of test substance  190 , capture substance  192 , and magnetic particle  191  is separated from an unreacted substance by cleaning with a cleaning liquid. After the cleaning, the coupled body of test substance  190 , capture substance  192 , and magnetic particle  191  reacts with labeled substance  193  contained in an R3 reagent. 
     Labeled substance  193  includes, for example, a labeled antibody. In the example of  FIG.  6   , the labeled antibody is an ALP labeled HBsAg monoclonal antibody. Note that, in the case of the example of  FIG.  6   , labeled substance  193  is coupled to test substance  190  in the coupled body of test substance  190 , capture substance  192 , and magnetic particle  191 . Labeled substance  193  may be coupled to capture substance  192  or may be coupled to magnetic particle  191 . The labeled substance may be an antigen, an antibody, or one or more of other proteins, and is selected according to test substance  190 . 
     Hereinafter, a reactant obtained by reacting at least test substance  190  and magnetic particle  191  with labeled substance  193  is called “complex  190   c ”. Complex  190   c  may contain capture substance  192  in the R1 reagent. 
     Complex  190   c  is separated from the unreacted substance by cleaning with the cleaning liquid. After the cleaning, complex  190   c  is combined with an R4 reagent. A reactant obtained by reacting complex  190   c  with the R4 reagent is called a “mixed liquid”. The R4 reagent has a composition that facilitates light emission by complex  190   c.  The R4 reagent is, for example, a buffer liquid. 
     An R5 reagent is added to the mixed liquid. The R5 reagent includes, for example, a substrate that reacts with complex  190   c  to facilitate light emission. Complex  190   c  reacts with the substrate in the R5 reagent. Detector  540  measures emission intensity of light generated by reaction between complex  190   c  and the R5 reagent. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an example of combination where test substance  190  and labeled substance  193  are the antigen and antibody. However, any combination other than the combination of antigen and antibody may also be employed. For example, the following combinations may be used, such as (1) test substance  190  is the antibody and labeled substance  193  is the antigen, (2) test substance  190  is the antibody and labeled substance  193  is the antibody, (3) test substance  190  is the antigen and labeled substance  193  is the antigen, and (4) test substance  190  is the antigen and antibody, and labeled substance  193  is the antigen and antibody. 
     (Description of Operations According to Embodiment) 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an operation example when the above assay is performed using sample analyzer  500  and sample analysis cartridge  100  according to this embodiment. In the description of the operations,  FIG.  4    is referred to for the configuration of sample analysis cartridge  100 , and  FIG.  5    is referred to for sample analyzer  500 . 
     In Step S 1 , sample analysis cartridge  100  is opened from a package. 
     In Step S 2 , a sample obtained from a patient is injected into blood cell separator  120  in the opened sample analysis cartridge  100 . After the injection of the sample, sample analysis cartridge  100  is inserted into sample analyzer  500  and then set in setting part  550 . The sample injected into sample analysis cartridge  100  flows through sample flow path  140  in sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     In Step S 3 , heat blocks  510  adjusts the temperature of the inserted sample analysis cartridge  100 . For example, heat blocks  510  heat up sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     In Step S 4 , sample analyzer  500  reacts the antibody contained in the R1 reagent with the antigen that is test substance  190 . Sample analyzer  500  uses plunger  530  to push down air chamber  130   a.  The R1 reagent is pushed out to sample flow path  140 , through which test substance  190  flows, by the air sent from air chamber  130   a.    
     Sample analyzer  500  moves up and down plunger  530 . The mixed liquid of the sample and the R1 reagent is moved back and forth within the sample flow path  140  by a negative pressure and a positive pressure, which are alternately generated according to the up-and-down movement of plunger  530 . The mixed liquid is agitated by being moved back and forth within sample flow path  140 . Thus, the reaction between the sample and the R1 reagent is facilitated. As a result of the reaction, an antigen-antibody reactant is generated in the mixed liquid of the sample and the R1 reagent. Sample analyzer  500  further pushes down plunger  530  to push out the mixed liquid of the sample and the R1 reagent to liquid reaction part  112 . 
     In Step S 5 , sample analyzer  500  reacts magnetic particle  191  contained in the R2 reagent with the antigen-antibody reactant contained in the mixed liquid of the sample and the R1 reagent. Sample analyzer  500  uses the magnetic force of permanent magnet  520  to transport magnetic particle  191  from first liquid container  111  to liquid reaction part  112 . In liquid reaction part  112 , a coupled body of magnetic particle  191  is generated by the reaction between magnetic particle  191  and the antigen-antibody reactant. 
     In Step S 6 , sample analyzer  500  uses the magnetic force of permanent magnet  520  to transport the coupled body of magnetic particle  191  to third liquid container  113 . Sample analyzer  500  separates the coupled body of magnetic particle  191  from an unreacted substance in third liquid container  113 . The unreacted substance is removed by cleaning. 
     In Step S 7 , sample analyzer  500  uses the magnetic force of permanent magnet  520  to transport the cleaned coupled body of magnetic particle  191  to second liquid container  114 . Sample analyzer  500  reacts the labeled antibody contained in the R3 reagent with the coupled body of magnetic particle  191  in second liquid container  114 . Complex  190   c  is generated by the reaction between the labeled antibody and the coupled body of magnetic particle  191 . 
     In Step S 8 , sample analyzer  500  uses the magnetic force of permanent magnet  520  to transport complex  190   c  to third liquid container  113 . An unreacted substance is removed by cleaning. 
     In Step S 9 , sample analyzer  500  uses the magnetic force of permanent magnet  520  to transport complex  190   c  to fourth liquid container  115 . Complex  190   c  reacts with the buffer liquid contained in the R4 reagent. In fourth liquid container  115 , complex  190   c  reacts with the buffer liquid contained in the R4 reagent. Sample analyzer  500  uses plunger  530  to push down air chamber  130   b,  and pushes out the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the buffer liquid to detection tank  170  through mixed liquid flow path  150 . 
     In Step S 10 , the light emitting substrate contained in the R5 reagent is added to the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the buffer liquid. Sample analyzer  500  uses plunger  530  to push down air chamber  130   c,  and pushes out the R5 reagent to detection tank  170  through R5 flow path  160 . In detection tank  170 , the R5 reagent is added to the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the buffer liquid. The light emitting substrate reacts with complex  190   c.    
     In Step S 11 , detector  540  detects light generated by the reaction between the labeled antibody in complex  190   c  and the light emitting substrate. Detector  540  measures emission intensity of the light, for example. 
     In Step S 12 , sample analysis cartridge  100  is taken out of sample analyzer  500  and discarded upon completion of the measurement. No sample or reagent leaks to the outside from the discarded sample analysis cartridge  100 . Thus, biohazard risks can be reduced. Moreover, sample analyzer  500  also generates no waste liquid. 
     [Configuration of Respective Parts in Sample Analysis Cartridge] 
     (Configuration of Liquid Container) 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a configuration example of liquid containers  110  in sample analysis cartridge  100 . Liquid containers  110  may be recess parts formed integrally with cartridge main body  100   a,  for example. 
     Sample analyzer  500  executes the assay by transporting magnetic particles  191  through the gas-phase space in passage part  116  between liquid containers  110 . Thus, sample analyzer  500  can execute the assay for analysis while suppressing the mixing of the liquid in liquid container  110  into the liquid in liquid container  110  adjacent thereto by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . When the liquid contained in liquid container  110  is mixed into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 , reaction conditions change in the liquid in another liquid container  110 . Such a change in reaction conditions reduces a reaction effect of the sample and the substance in the reagent. As a result, there may be influence on accuracy and the like of the measurement result obtained by sample analyzer  500 . Therefore, the analysis accuracy of sample analyzer  500  is improved by suppressing the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110 . 
     Moreover, it is no longer required to consider the compatibility between the liquids contained in liquid containers  110  by suppressing the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110 . Thus, the degree of freedom of selection of the liquids contained in liquid containers  110  is increased. As a result, combinations of reagents corresponding to various test items can be contained in liquid containers  110 . Since various combinations of reagents can be contained in liquid containers  110 , the type of the cartridge can be diversified. 
     Meanwhile, each of liquid containers  110  has a liquid storage portion communicating with a surface region connected to passage part  116  through opening  211   a.  More specifically, liquid container  110  has opening  211   a  and recessed liquid storage part  211  communicating with opening  211   a  and capable of storing a liquid inside. In this embodiment, each of first liquid container  111 , third liquid container  113 , and second liquid container  114  (see  FIG.  4   ) has opening  211   a  and liquid storage part  211 . Opening  211   a  is formed in the upper part of liquid container  110 . Around opening  211   a,  step part  212  (see  FIG.  9   ) is provided. The liquid contained in liquid container  110  may be not only in liquid storage part  211  but also in passage part  116  above liquid container  110 . Moreover, sample analysis cartridge  100  has a Z2-side surface covered with sheet  102   
     In the configuration example illustrated in  FIG.  8   , the area of bottom inner surface  211   b  of liquid storage part  211  is larger than the opening area of opening  211   a.  Therefore, the amount of the liquid that can be contained in liquid storage part  211  can be increased. 
     Liquid containers  110  in sample analysis cartridge  100  may have a structure to further suppress the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . For example, as such a structure, grooves  216  may be provided by denting the surface of passage part  116 . 
     The liquids in respective liquid containers  110  may leak into passage part  116  (see  FIG.  9   ) through openings  211   a  as long as the amount of the liquid leaking into passage part  116  is not as large as that is mixed with the liquid in another liquid container  110  and the gas-phase space remains in passage part  116 . In this case, even if the liquid leaks out to passage part  116 , magnetic particles  191  are transported to adjacent liquid container  110  through the gas-phase space in passage part  116 . Thus, it is possible to suppress the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . When a structure is provided to further suppress the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 , it is possible to further suppress the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . For example, when recessed grooves  216  are provided in passage part  116 , even if the liquid contained in liquid container  110  is mixed with the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  in the groove, magnetic particles  191  are transported to adjacent liquid container  110  through the gas-phase space in passage part  116 . Thus, it is possible to further suppress the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . 
     Cover part  117  may be provided on the outer surface side of sample analysis cartridge  100 . In the configuration example of  FIG.  8   , passage part  116  is disposed so as to be exposed to the upper surface of sample analysis cartridge main body  100   a , and sample analysis cartridge  100  has cover part  117  covering liquid containers  110  and passage part  116 . Cover part  117  is configured to sandwich and hold the liquid between the liquid containers and cover part  117 . 
     In the configuration example of  FIG.  8   , cover part  117  covers the upper surfaces of liquid containers  110  and passage part  116  from the upper surface side. Also, cover part  117  comes into contact with the upper surface of the liquid in the passage part  116  above the liquid containers  110 . More specifically, the liquid is sandwiched from above and below by liquid containers  110  and cover part  117 . Thus, liquid containers  110  and passage part  116  may be disposed so as to be exposed to the upper surface of sample analysis cartridge main body  100   a  and covered with cover part  117 . Accordingly, permanent magnet  520  can come close to liquid containers  110  and passage part  116  from outside sample analysis cartridge  100 . Thus, stronger magnetic force can be generated to act on magnetic particles  191  for efficient transportation of magnetic particles  191 . 
     Cover part  117  includes a flat sheet member, for example. Cover part  117  may be formed using a material having a hydrophobic surface on the liquid container  110  side. Thus, effective action of surface tension of the liquid can be achieved. The hydrophobic material may be a coating material provided on the surface of the sheet member of cover part  117 . The sheet member itself included in cover part  117  maybe formed using a hydrophobic material. 
     (Liquid Reaction Part) 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a configuration example of liquid reaction part  112 . In sample analysis cartridge  100 , the sample flowing in from blood cell separator  120  is mixed with the R1 reagent on sample flow path  140 , and the mixed liquid is discharged to liquid reaction part  112 . 
     Liquid reaction part  112  has inlet  213  for supplying the mixed liquid of the sample and the R1 reagent to the inside. Inlet  213  is connected to sample flow path  140  and is disposed in a peripheral portion of liquid disposition part  214 .  FIG.  10    illustrates a configuration example where liquid disposition part  214  extends linearly in the X direction. In this case, inlet  213  is disposed at the end of liquid disposition part  214 . Step part  215  is provided along the peripheral edge of liquid disposition part  214  including inlet  213 . Inlet  213  is an opening formed in the surface of liquid disposition part  214 , for example. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates another configuration example of liquid reaction part  112 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  11   , liquid reaction part  112  may have a shape other than the linearly extending shape. Here, liquid reaction part  112  has approximately circular liquid disposition part  214 . Inlet  213  is disposed in the surface of a peripheral portion of liquid disposition part  214 . Step part  215  is formed in a peripheral portion of liquid disposition part  214 . 
     (Third Liquid Container) 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 A , third liquid container  113  is disposed on the upstream side or downstream side of the liquid container in which magnetic particles  191  transported by the magnetic force reacts with the reagent. Third liquid containers  113  may be disposed on both of the upstream side and downstream side of the liquid container. Note that the upstream side and downstream side described here mean a transportation direction of magnetic particles  191  and not the direction in which the liquid flows. Third liquid containers  113  may be arranged on the upstream side or downstream side of the liquid container. For example, third liquid container  113   a  and third liquid container  113   b  are on the upstream side of second liquid container  114 , and third liquid container  113   c  is on the downstream side of second liquid container  114 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  12 B , each of third liquid containers  113   a  to  113   c  includes liquid storage part  211  having opening  211   a.  Magnetic particles  191  can be dispersed into a larger amount of cleaning liquid by transporting magnetic particles  191  into liquid storage parts  211  through openings  211   a.  Thus, cleaning efficiency can be improved. 
     (Second Liquid Container and Fourth Liquid Container) 
     For second liquid container  114 , the same configuration as that of third liquid container  113  can be adopted. By providing liquid storage part  211  in second liquid container  114 , the amount of the R3 reagent in which magnetic particles  191  are to be dispersed can be increased. Thus, reaction efficiency can be improved. The same applies to fourth liquid container  115 . 
     (Transportation of Magnetic Particles) 
     In this embodiment, sample analyzer  500  transports magnetic particles  191  through the gas-phase space in passage part  116  between liquid containers  110 . During the process of transporting magnetic particles  191  between liquid containers  110 , the antibody, antigen and the like contained in the liquid adhere to magnetic particles  191 , and reaction required for the assay progresses. Thus, it is possible to suppress the mixing of the liquid contained in liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . 
       FIG.  13    illustrates details of the transportation of magnetic particles  191  between liquid containers  110 . 
     Sample analyzer  500  moves permanent magnet  520  close to liquid container  110  in sample analysis cartridge  100 , thereby aggregating magnetic particles  191  in the liquid on the surface of liquid container  110 . Sample analyzer  500  moves permanent magnet  520  to transport magnetic particles  191  aggregated on the gas-liquid interface. Sample analyzer  500  moves permanent magnet  520  to transport the aggregated magnetic particles  191  to the passage part  116  from inside the liquid. The magnetic force of permanent magnet  520  transports the aggregated magnetic particles  191  to passage part  116  from inside the liquid beyond the gas-liquid interface. Sample analyzer  500  further moves permanent magnet  520  to transport aggregated magnetic particles  191  to another liquid container  110 . 
     Liquid containers  110  associated with the transportation of magnetic particles  191  may be arranged linearly in the longitudinal direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 . In the configuration example illustrated in  FIG.  4   , first liquid container  111 , liquid reaction part  112 , third liquid container  113 , second liquid container  114 , and fourth liquid container  115  are linearly arranged. By linearly arranging liquid containers  110 , it is possible to suppress magnetic particles  191  remaining in liquid containers  110  and passage part  116 . 
     The liquid may adhere to magnetic particles  191  transported to passage part  116  from inside the liquid. As illustrated in  FIG.  13   , a structure to remove the liquid adhering to magnetic particles  191  may be provided in passage part  116  between liquid containers  110 . For example, as such a structure, grooves  216  maybe provided by denting the surface of passage part  116 . Thus, a structure is realized, in which the liquid adhering to magnetic particles  191  is likely to fall onto the bottom of groove  216  from passage part  116 . Note that, as described above, when grooves  216  are provided, it is possible to further suppress the mixing of the liquid leaking from liquid container  110  into the liquid contained in another liquid container  110  by the movement of magnetic particles  191 . 
     (Transportation of Magnetic Particles to Respective Liquid Containers) 
     Here, description is given of transportation of magnetic particles  191  between adjacent liquid containers. In a configuration example illustrated in  FIG.  14   , magnetic particles  191  are transported by the magnetic force to liquid reaction part  112 , third liquid container  113   a,  third liquid container  113   b,  second liquid container  114 , third liquid container  113   c,  and fourth liquid container  115  in this order, starting from first liquid container  111  on the upstream side in the transportation direction. 
     Liquid reaction part  112  and third liquid container  113   a  are adjacent to each other through passage part  116 . Magnetic particles  191  are transported from liquid reaction part  112  to third liquid container  113   a  through passage part  116 . Unwanted substances adhering to magnetic particles  191  are dispersed into the cleaning liquid. Thus, only a coupled body of test substance  190  and magnetic particle  191  can be taken out of liquid reaction part  112  and transported into the cleaning liquid in third liquid container  113   a.  Thus, the unwanted substances mixed into the cleaning liquid together with the magnetic particles can be reduced. Therefore, the cleaning treatment can be efficiently performed. The unwanted substances are substances not required for measurement of test substance  190 , such as components other than test substance  190  contained in the sample and components unreacted with test substance  190  contained in the reagent. 
     Third liquid container  113   a  and third liquid container  113   b  are adjacent to each other through passage part  116 . Magnetic particles  191  are transported to third liquid container  113   b  from third liquid container  113   a.  More specifically, magnetic particles  191  after cleaning treatment are subjected again to cleaning treatment in another third liquid container  113   b  through passage part  116 . Thus, the cleaning treatment can be more effectively performed. 
     Third liquid container  113   b  and second liquid container  114  are adjacent to each other through passage part  116 . Magnetic particles  191  are transported to second liquid container  114  from third liquid container  113   b.  Thus, it is possible to suppress transporting of some of the unwanted substances dispersed into the cleaning liquid in third liquid container  113   b  to second liquid container  114  together with magnetic particles  191 . In second liquid container  114 , magnetic particles  191  carry complex  190   c  of test substance  190  and labeled substance  193 . 
     Note that second liquid container  114  is adjacent to third liquid containers  113 . Magnetic particles  191  are transported to third liquid container  113   b  on the upstream side, second liquid container  114 , and third liquid container  113   c  on the downstream side. Thus, mixing of unwanted substances into second liquid container  114  and carryover of unwanted substances from second liquid container  114 , such as unreacted labeled substance  193  that has formed no complex  190   c  with test substance  190  can be efficiently suppressed. 
     Third liquid container  113   c  and fourth liquid container  115  are adjacent to each other. Magnetic particles  191  carrying complex  190   c  are transported to fourth liquid container  115  through passage part  116 , and thus dispersed into the buffer liquid. Accordingly, the amount of unwanted substances adhering to magnetic particles  191  carrying complex  190   c  can be reduced. Thus, it is possible to suppress the transporting of the unwanted substances such as unreacted labeled substance  193  to fourth liquid container  115  together with magnetic particles  191 . 
     (Agitation Operation) 
     An agitation operation using permanent magnet  520  is described. In the agitation operation, magnetic particles  191  are dispersed in the liquid by periodically changing the direction or strength of magnetic force acting on magnetic particles  191 , for example.  FIG.  15    illustrates an agitation operation for reacting magnetic particles  191  with an antigen-antibody reactant in liquid reaction part  112 . 
     In  FIG.  15 A , sample analyzer  500  uses permanent magnet  520  to transport magnetic particles  191  from first liquid container  111  to liquid reaction part  112 . Sample analyzer  500  moves permanent magnet  520  close to sample analysis cartridge  100  to transport magnetic particles  191  in an aggregated state. 
     In  FIG.  15 B , sample analyzer  500  separates permanent magnet  520  from sample analysis cartridge  100  to disperse magnetic particles  191  in liquid reaction part  112 . More specifically, the strength of the magnetic force acting on magnetic particles  191  is changed. The agitation of magnetic particles  191  is facilitated by dispersing magnetic particles  191  in liquid reaction part  112 . 
     In  FIG.  15 C , sample analyzer  500  moves permanent magnet  520  separated from sample analysis cartridge  100  to agitate dispersed magnetic particles  191 . Sample analyzer  500  agitates magnetic particles  191  by moving the magnet in the width direction or length direction of sample analysis cartridge  100  or in a circular orbit. 
     By periodically repeating such operations, magnetic particles  191  are dispersed in the liquid. Thus, the reaction can be efficiently progressed. In this embodiment, a magnet with strong magnetic force, such as a permanent magnet, is preferably used to transport magnetic particles  191  beyond the surface tension of the liquid. Therefore, when sample analysis cartridge  100  is close to permanent magnet  520 , magnetic particles  191  are aggregated, inhibiting efficient agitation. The agitation of magnetic particles  191  can be facilitated by controlling the distance between sample analysis cartridge  100  and permanent magnet  520 . 
       FIG.  16    illustrates another agitation example according to this embodiment. 
       FIG.  16 A  illustrates an agitation operation example in second liquid container  114 . In this agitation operation example, magnetic particles  191  are moved up and down in liquid container  110 . Sample analyzer  500  moves permanent magnet  520  in the thickness direction of sample analysis cartridge  100  in second liquid container  114 . As a result, the strength of the magnetic force acting on magnetic particles  191  is changed. By moving permanent magnet  520  in the thickness direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 , a coupled body of labeled substance  193  and magnetic particle  191  is agitated in a depth direction of second liquid container  114 . The agitation is facilitated entirely in the depth direction of second liquid container  114  rather than agitating only in the surface of second liquid container  114 . 
       FIG.  16 B  illustrates another agitation operation example in second liquid container  114 . In the example of  FIG.  16 B , permanent magnets  520  are disposed on the upper surface side and lower surface side of sample analysis cartridge  100 , respectively. By alternately moving permanent magnets  520  close to above and below liquid container  110 , magnetic particles  191  are moved in a vertical direction within liquid container  110 . In this case, the direction in which magnetic particles  191  are attracted by the strong magnetic force is alternately reversed in the thickness direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 . The permanent magnets  520  on the both surfaces of sample analysis cartridge  100  are moved to further facilitate the agitation of the coupled body of labeled substance  193  and magnetic particle  191 . 
     (Configuration of Air Chamber) 
       FIG.  17    illustrates a configuration example of air chamber  130 . 
     Air chamber  130  is connected to valve part  131  and a portion of an air supply destination. Valve part  131  is connected to air chamber  130  and air flow path  132  connected to the outside of sample analysis cartridge  100 , respectively. The air outside the cartridge is taken into air chamber  130  from air flow path  132  through valve part  131 . 
     Air chamber  130  and valve part  131  have a structure for activation by plunger  530 . For example, air chamber  130  and valve part  131  are each formed into a recessed shape in the surface of cartridge main body  100   a  so as to have an opening in the upper part thereof, and covered with sheet  133  that is an elastic member. 
     Valve part  131  can close the connection portion with air flow path  132  by plunger  530  entering the inside from the outside through sheet  133 . Air chamber  130  is filled with air. Air chamber  130  can discharge the internal air to the supply destination flow path by plunger  530  pushing sheet  133  into air chamber  130  from the outside. Sample analyzer  500  discharges the air in air chamber  130  to the supply destination flow path by using plunger  530  to close valve part  131  and push sheet  133  into air chamber  130 . Here, the operation of pushing sheet  133  into air chamber  130  by using plunger  530  is described as “activating air chamber  130 ”. The operation of pushing sheet  133  into valve part  131  by using plunger  530  is described as “closing valve part  131 ”. 
     In a state where valve part  131  is not closed, air chamber  130  comes into contact with the air outside the cartridge through valve part  131  and air flow path  132 . When sample analysis cartridge  100  is heated by heat blocks  510 , the air in air chamber  130  expands. When the air in air chamber  130  expands, an increase in internal pressure of air chamber  130  causes the air to flow out to the flow path of air supply destination. As a result, the liquid in sample analysis cartridge  100  may be unintentionally operated. A change in internal pressure due to the expansion of the air in air chamber  130  is suppressed by air chamber  130  coming into contact with the air outside sample analysis cartridge  100  through air flow path  132 . Thus, unintentional operation of the liquid in sample analysis cartridge  100  can be suppressed. 
     Air chambers  130  and valve parts  131  may be provided according to the number of the air supply destinations. Sample analyzer  500  may include the same number of plungers  530  as those of air chambers  130  and valve parts  131  or may include a smaller number of plunger  530  than those of air chambers  130  and valve parts  131 . In such a case, air chambers  130  and valve parts  131  to be activated may be switched by moving plungers  530 . The sample analyzer can be reduced in size for the reduction in the number of plungers  530 . 
     The arrangement positions of air chambers  130  and valve parts  131  may be set according to the configuration of sample analysis cartridge  100 . When plunger  530  is moved, air chambers  130  or valve parts  131  may be linearly arranged. Accordingly, plunger  530  needs only be linearly moved in the arrangement direction. Thus, the movement mechanism can be simplified to reduce the size of the sample analyzer. 
     (Flow Path Structure) 
     Sample analysis cartridge  100  has a flow path structure that facilitates mixing of liquids on a flow path. 
     &lt;Sample Flow Path&gt; 
     Next, a configuration of sample flow path  140  is described. Sample analysis cartridge  100  includes sample flow path  140  for transporting a mixed liquid of a reagent and a sample containing test substance  190  to liquid reaction part  112 .  FIG.  18    is a schematic diagram of the sample flow path. On sample flow path  140 , air chamber  130   a  agitates the mixed liquid of the sample and the reagent by the air pressure in sample flow path  140 , and transports the mixed liquid to liquid reaction part  112 . Thus, since the mixed liquid of the sample and the reagent can be agitated in the sample flow path  140 , the mixed liquid can be supplied to liquid reaction part  112  in a state where test substance  190  and the reagent are sufficient reacted. 
     Sample flow path  140  includes, for example, R1 reagent tank  141 , first portion  142 , second portion  143 , and mixing part  144 . R1 reagent tank  141  has one end connected to air chamber  130   a  through first portion  142 . R1 reagent tank  141  has the other end connected to blood cell separator  120  through second portion  143 . R1 reagent tank  141  is connected to liquid reaction part  112  through mixing part  144 . R1 reagent tank  141  stores the R1 reagent. In this embodiment, sample analyzer  500  uses air chamber  130   a  to alternately generate a positive pressure and a negative pressure, thereby moving back and forth a mixed liquid of the sample and the R1 reagent within sample flow path  140 . Thus, the mixed liquid can be efficiently agitated within sample flow path  140 . The volume of sample flow path  140  is larger than that of the mixed liquid. Therefore, the mixed liquid can be easily moved back and forth within sample flow path  140 . 
     Mixing part  144  has one end connected to a joint portion between second portion  143  and a flow path from blood cell separator  120 . Mixing part  144  has the other end connected to liquid reaction part  112 . Mixing part  144  includes straight part  144   a,  bent part  144   b,  and meander part  144   c.    
     Straight part  144   a  partially overlaps with meander part  144   c  as seen from the short direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 . Straight part  144   a  has narrow flow path part  144   d,  for example. Narrow flow path part  144   d  can stop the sample flowing through sample flow path  140  at narrow flow path part  144   d.  Mixing part  144  does not have to include straight part  144   a.    
     Bent part  144   b  connects straight part  144   a  to meander part  144   c.  Bent part  144   b  is formed into an approximately U-shape. In a schematic view, sample flow path  140  is bent approximately 180 degrees at bent part  144   b.  Thus, the movement distance of the mixed liquid can be increased, and thus the mixed liquid can be efficiently mixed. Mixing part  144  does not have to include bent part  144   b.    
     In a planar view, a sine-wave shape or the like can be adopted as the shape of meander part  144   c.  The agitation of the mixed liquid can be facilitated by meander part  144   c  changing the circulation direction of the mixed liquid. Meander part  144   c  includes dilated parts  144   e.  Dilated parts  144   e  are formed by increasing the cross-sectional area of meander part  144   c  on the plane having a normal line in the flow path direction of the mixed liquid. Dilated parts  144   e  accumulate the flow of the mixed liquid and capture air bubbles generated in the mixed liquid flowing through the flow path. Dilated parts  144   e  can remove the air bubbles from the mixed liquid flowing through meander part  144   c.  Moreover, dilated parts  144   e  can complicate the flow of the mixed liquid with changes in cross-sectional area, thereby facilitating the agitation of the mixed liquid. Mixing part  144  does not have to include meander part  144   c.  Meander part  144   c  may include only one dilated part  144   e.  Alternatively, meander part  144   c  does not have to include dilated parts  144   e.    
     Mixing part  144  is connected to liquid reaction part  112  from the back surface side of sample analysis cartridge  100 , for example. Thus, the mixed liquid of the sample and the R   1   reagent can be discharged to liquid reaction part  112  from below. 
     &lt;Mixed Liquid Flow Path&gt; 
       FIG.  19    is a schematic diagram of mixed liquid flow path  150 . Mixed liquid flow path  150  is formed in a region between passage part  116  and detection tank  170 , and connects passage part  116  to detection tank  170 . Mixed liquid flow path  150  includes, for example, dispersion portion  151 , first portion  152 , and second portion  153 . Mixed liquid flow path  150  has a structure to disperse complex  190   c  containing magnetic particles  191  and labeled substance  192  into the buffer liquid that is the R4 reagent. On mixed liquid flow path  150 , air chamber  130   b  transports the mixed liquid of the buffer liquid and magnetic particles  191  carrying complex  190   c  to detection tank  170 . Thus, magnetic particles  191  transported in an aggregated state by magnetic force are dispersed in the buffer liquid and transported to detection tank  170  while being dispersed in the buffer liquid. Accordingly, test substance  190  can be easily detected in detection tank  170 . 
     Mixed liquid flow path  150  joins passage part  116 . Mixed liquid flow path  150  agitates the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the R4 reagent by moving the mixed liquid back and forth in mixed liquid flow path  150  with the air pressure. In this embodiment, the mixed liquid is moved back and forth within mixed liquid flow path  150  by air chamber  130   b  alternately generating a positive pressure and a negative pressure. Thus, the mixed liquid can be efficiently agitated in the flow path. The volume of mixed liquid flow path  150  is larger than the volume of the mixed liquid. Thus, the mixed liquid can be easily moved back and forth in the mixed liquid flow path  150 . 
       FIG.  20    is a schematic cross-sectional view along mixed liquid flow path  150 . Dispersion portion  151  includes connection portion  151   a  connected to passage part  116  and first portion connection portion  151   b  connected to first portion  152 . Dispersion portion  151  includes fourth liquid container  115 . 
     Fourth liquid container contains the R4 reagent. Fourth liquid container  115  is connected to connection portion  151   a  at one side portion  151   d  extending in the thickness direction (Z direction) of cartridge main body  100   a.  Fourth liquid container  115  is connected to first portion connection portion  151   b  at the other side portion  151   e  extending in the Z direction. At an upper end of one side portion  151   d,  reduced diameter part  151   f  is formed. At an upper end of the other side portion  151   e , reduced diameter part  151   g  is formed. 
     Step  151   h  protruding in a Z1 direction is formed on reduced diameter part  151   f.    
     First portion  152  is disposed at a position lower than detection tank  170  in the Z direction (thickness direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 ). First portion  152  has one end connected to dispersion portion  151  and the other end connected to second portion  153 . First portion  152  is formed so as to extend along the surface of cartridge main body  100   a.  Thus, the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the R4 reagent can be moved within a wide range and efficiently agitated. 
     Second portion  153  is disposed at a position lower than detection tank  170  in the Z direction (thickness direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 ). Second portion  153  extends in the Z direction. Second portion  153  has one end connected to first portion  152  and the other end connected to detection tank  170 . Thus, the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the R4 reagent can be discharged to detection tank  170  from below. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  19   , first portion  152  of mixed liquid flow path  150  may be formed into a meandering shape in a planar view, for example. Thus, mixed liquid flow path  150  can be easily elongated. As a result, the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the R4 reagent can be efficiently agitated within mixed liquid flow path  150 . As the meandering shape of first portion  152  in mixed liquid flow path  150 , a sine-wave shape or the like can be adopted. Thus, mixed liquid flow path  150  can be easily formed into the meandering shape, and the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the R4 reagent can be efficiently agitated within mixed liquid flow path  150 . 
     &lt;Other Configuration Examples of Mixed Liquid Flow Path&gt; 
       FIGS.  21  to  25    illustrate other configuration examples of mixed liquid flow path  150 . As illustrated in  FIG.  21   , first portion  152  of mixed liquid flow path  150  may be formed such that the cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of mixed liquid flow path  150  differs in the extending direction of mixed liquid flow path  150 . Thus, unlike the case where mixed liquid flow path  150  is formed into the meandering shape, mixed liquid flow path  150  can be formed in a compact size, and the mixed liquid of complex  190   c  and the R4 reagent can be efficiently agitated within mixed liquid flow path  150 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  22   , mixed liquid flow path  150  may have a partially overlapping part by forming mixed liquid flow path  150  into a three-dimensionally intersecting shape. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  23   , fourth liquid container  115  may be disposed in a flow path portion connecting air chamber  130  to mixed liquid flow path  150 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  24   , fourth liquid container  115  may be configured to supply the R4 reagent to detection tank  170  by using a negative pressure from air chamber  130 . In this case, fourth liquid container  115  has one side (upstream side) connected to an air inlet. Air chamber  130  is connected to detection tank  170 , and the negative pressure generated in air chamber  130  discharges the R4 reagent to first portion  152 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  25   , both ends of fourth liquid container  115  may be connected to passage part  116  and detection tank  170 , and the mixed liquid may be discharged to detection tank  170  by the negative pressure from air chamber  130  connected to detection tank  170 . 
     &lt;R5 Flow Path&gt; 
       FIG.  26    illustrates a configuration example of R5 flow path  160 . R5 flow path  160  includes, for example, R5 reagent tank  161 , first portion  162 , and second portion  163 . 
     R5 reagent tank  161  has one end connected to air chamber  130   c  through first portion  162 . R5 reagent tank  161  has the other end connected to detection tank  170  through second portion  163 . R5 reagent tank  161  stores the R5 reagent. The R5 reagent is discharged to detection tank  170  by the air pressure in air chamber  130   c.    
     As the configuration of R5 reagent tank  161 , basically the same configuration as that of fourth liquid container  115  illustrated in  FIG.  20    can be adopted. More specifically, R5 reagent tank  161  includes reagent storage portion  161   a  formed near the bottom of cartridge main body  100   a.  One side of reagent storage portion  161   a  is connected to first portion  162  through portion  161   b  extending in the thickness direction (Z direction) of cartridge main body  100   a.  The other side of reagent storage portion  161   a  is connected to second portion  163  through portion  161   c  extending in the Z direction. At an upper end of portion  161   b,  reduced diameter part  161   d  is formed. At an upper end of portion  161   c,  reduced diameter part  161   e  is formed. 
     Second portion  163  is connected to detection tank  170  from the back surface side of cartridge  100 , for example. Thus, the R5 reagent can be discharged to detection tank  170  from below. 
     (Configuration of Detection Tank) 
     Detection tank  170  provides a measurement region for optical measurement of test substance  190  (complex  190   c  reacted with the R5 reagent). As illustrated in a configuration example of  FIGS.  27  and  28   , detection tank  170  includes, for example, liquid disposition part  171 , flow control wall  172 , step  173 , external region  174 , and air channel  175 . 
     Liquid disposition part  171  is formed to be concave toward the back side from the front side surface of cartridge main body  100   a.  Liquid disposition part  171  accumulates the mixed liquid discharged from mixed liquid flow path  150  and the R5 reagent discharged from the R5 flow path  160 . Detection tank  170  reacts labeled substance  193  in complex  190   c  contained in the mixed liquid with the substrate contained in the R5 reagent. 
     Flow control wall  172  protrudes from liquid disposition part  171 . Flow control wall  172  is tilted toward the side where the exit of second portion  153  and exit of second portion  163  are arranged from the peripheral portion of liquid disposition part  171 . Moreover, flow control wall  172  is linearly formed. 
     Step  173  is disposed along the periphery of liquid disposition part  171 . Step  173  surrounds liquid disposition part  171 . The mixed liquid added with the R5 reagent is accumulated in liquid disposition part  171  on the inside of step  173  in a planar view. 
     External region  174  is a region outside step  173 . External region  174  is firmed into an arc shape in the planar view. 
     Air channel  175  is formed on the outside of external region  174 . Air channel  175  is a groove formed in the front side surface of cartridge main body  100   a.  Air channel  175  is connected to liquid disposition part  171  through two connection parts  175   a.  Air channel  175  is connected to air flow path  132  through a hole  175   b.  Connection parts  175   a  are disposed near second portion  153  of mixed liquid flow path  150  and second portion  163  of R5 flow path  160 . 
     When detection tank  170  is thus configured, air bubbles can escape through air channel  175  even if the air bubbles are discharged into liquid disposition part  171  after the liquid is discharged into liquid disposition part  171  from mixed liquid flow path  150  and R5 flow path  160 . 
     [Configurations of Respective Parts in Sample Analyzer] 
     Configurations of the respective parts in sample analyzer  500  are described.  FIG.  29    illustrates a configuration example of sample analyzer  500 . In the configuration example of  FIG.  29   , setting part  550  is integrated with heat block  510 . Setting part  550  and heat block  510  may be separately provided. 
     Sample analysis cartridge  100  is held by heat block  510 . In the configuration example of  FIG.  29   , magnet unit  501 , plunger unit  502 , and detector  540  are arranged on the sides of heat block  510 . 
     Magnet unit  501  includes: permanent magnet  520  as magnetic source  50 ; and movement mechanism  521  configured to move permanent magnet  520  relative to sample analysis cartridge  100 . Movement mechanism  521  can move permanent magnet  520  in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction (cartridge thickness direction). When liquid containers  110 , between which magnetic particles  191  are transported by the magnetic force, are linearly arranged, movement mechanism  521  may horizontally move only in one straight axial direction along the arrangement direction of respective liquid containers  110 . Movement mechanism  521  enables the agitation operation illustrated in  FIG.  16    by moving permanent magnet  520  in the vertical direction relative to liquid containers  110  in sample analysis cartridge  100  set in setting part  550 . 
     When permanent magnets  520  are provided above and below sample analysis cartridge  100  set in setting part  550 , two magnet units  501  are disposed. In this case, the horizontally moving structure of movement mechanism  521  may be shared by two magnet units  501 . In this case, movement mechanism  521  enables the agitation operation illustrated in  FIG.  16 B  by moving the permanent magnet  520  provided above the cartridge and permanent magnet  520  provided below the cartridge alternately close to the liquid containers  110  in sample analysis cartridge  100  set in setting part  550 . 
     Plunger unit  502  includes, for example: plunger  530  configured to activate air chamber  130  and valve part  131 ; and movement mechanism  531  configured to move plunger  530  relative to sample analysis cartridge  100 . Movement mechanism  531  can move plunger  530  in the vertical direction. When air chamber  130  and valve part  131  are linearly arranged, movement mechanism  531  may horizontally move only in one straight axial direction along the arrangement direction of air chamber  130  and valve part  131 . When the same number of plungers  530  as those of air chambers  130  and valve parts  131  are provided, the horizontal positions of plungers  530  can be fixed. Thus, movement mechanism  531  may move only in the vertical direction. 
     Detector  540  is disposed at a position close to detection tank  170  in sample analysis cartridge  100 . In  FIG.  29   , detector  540  is disposed at a position immediately below detection tank  170 . 
     (Plunger) 
     In this embodiment, the liquid is transported by activating air chamber  130  in a closed state of valve part  131 . Thus, plunger  530  for air chamber  130  and plunger  530  for valve part  131  may be configured so as to individually move up and down. As in a configuration example illustrated in  FIG.  30   , plungers  530  may be configured so as to move up and down all together. In such a case, the sample analyzer can be reduced in size by simplifying the mechanism for moving plungers  530  in the vertical direction. 
       FIG.  30    illustrates the configuration example for activating air chamber  130  and valve part  131  all together. Plunger  530   a  is a plunger for activating air chamber  130 , and plunger  530   b  is a plunger for opening and closing valve part  131 . Respective plungers  530   a  and  530   b  are attached to holding block  532 , and moved up and down all together by movement of holding block  532 . 
     Plunger  530   a  is fixed to holding block  532 . Plunger  530   b  is attached to holding block  532  in a state of being movable up and down relative to holding block  532 . Plunger  530   b  is provided with energizing member  533  configured to energize plunger  530   b  in a downward direction protruding from holding block  532 . 
     Thus, when holding block  532  is lowered toward sample analysis cartridge  100 , plunger  530   b  first closes valve part  131 . When holding block  532  is further lowered in this state, energizing member  533  is compressed and plunger  530   b  is moved relative to holding block  532 . Thus, the position of plunger  530   b  can be maintained even if holding block  532  is moved. Therefore, by moving holding block  532  up and down in the closed state of valve part  131 , plunger  530   a  can move the liquid back and forth within the flow path by moving up and down relative to air chamber  130 . Moreover, by further lowering holding block  532 , the liquid can be sent to the portion of supply destination from the flow path. 
     (Temperature Control in Cartridge) 
     In this embodiment, sample analyzer  500  controls the temperatures of the sample and reagent in sample analysis cartridge  100  to those required in the assay. Sample analyzer  500  uses heat block  510  to control the temperatures of the sample and reagent in sample analysis cartridge  100 . Heat block  510  performs the temperature control using a heating wire or the like which generates heat with not-illustrated power supply, for example. When not only heating but also cooling is required, a thermoelectric element such as a Peltier element, for example, is used as heat block  510 . 
       FIG.  31    illustrates a configuration example of the heat blocks according to this embodiment. 
     Heat blocks  510  are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of sample analysis cartridge  100 , for example. Heat block  510  may be disposed on any one of the upper and lower surfaces of sample analysis cartridge  100 . In this embodiment, the upper surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  is a surface corresponding to the direction in which permanent magnet  520  for transporting magnetic particles  191  is disposed. 
     Heat block  510  disposed on the lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  is configured to cover at least a part of or all of a fluid structure associated with reaction. The fluid structure associated with reaction is the portion corresponding to sample flow path  140 , liquid reaction part  112 , second liquid container  114 , mixed liquid flow path  150 , R5 flow path  160 , and the like, for example. Heat block  510  disposed on the lower surface maybe configured to cover a fluid structure associated with the transportation of magnetic particles  191 . The fluid structure associated with the transportation of magnetic particles  191  is the portion corresponding to first liquid container  111 , liquid reaction part  112 , third liquid container  113 , second liquid container  114 , fourth liquid container  115 , passage part  116  provided between liquid containers  110  (see  FIG.  4   ) in this embodiment. Heat block  510  disposed on the lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  may be configured to cover approximately the entire lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100 . The temperature control efficiency of sample analysis cartridge  100  is improved by heat block  510  covering approximately the entire lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     Heat block  510  disposed on the upper surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  has holes  511  for plunger  530  and permanent magnet  520  to access sample analysis cartridge  100 . Hole  511  for plunger  530  to access sample analysis cartridge  100  is provided at the position corresponding to air chamber  130  in sample analysis cartridge  100 . Hole  511  for permanent magnet  520  to access sample analysis cartridge  100  is extended in the longitudinal direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 . The hole extended in the longitudinal direction of sample analysis cartridge  100  enables permanent magnet  520  to be moved in the transportation direction of magnetic particles  191  while staying close to sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     As indicated by the broken lines in  FIG.  31   , a reduced thickness portion may be provided in heat block  510  on the lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100 . In  FIG.  31   , heat block  510  on the lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  has groove  512  extending in the longitudinal direction of sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     Sample analyzer  500  applies magnetic force to sample analysis cartridge  100  by inserting permanent magnet  520  provided on the lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  into groove  512 . Groove  512  in heat block  510  does not penetrate heat block  510  from the lower surface to the upper surface. Thus, the magnetic force can be applied from the lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100  without impairing the function to control the temperature on approximately the entire lower surface of sample analysis cartridge  100 . 
     In Patent Document 1, the microchannels connecting the liquid containers containing the liquid are filled with the liquid. Thus, the movement of the magnetic particles makes it likely for the liquid in the liquid container to be mixed into the liquid in the liquid container adjacent thereto. As a result, analysis precision for the test substance may be reduced. 
     The embodiments described above suppresses the mixing of a liquid in a liquid container into a liquid in a liquid container adjacent thereto by movement of magnetic particles in sample measurement using a sample analysis cartridge. 
     Note that the embodiment disclosed herein is merely illustrative in all aspects and should not be recognized as being restrictive. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the claims rather than by the above description of the embodiment, and is intended to include the meaning equivalent to the scope of the claims and all modifications within the scope.