Patent Publication Number: US-2023148183-A1

Title: Folded macro-tele camera lens designs

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO EXISTING APPLICATIONS 
     This is a 371 of international patent application PCT/IB2021/056358, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Applications No. 63/059,200 filed Jul. 31, 2020, and 63/070,501 filed Aug. 26, 2020, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The presently disclosed subject matter is related in general to the field of digital cameras and in particular to folded lenses in such cameras. 
     Definitions 
     In this application and for optical and other properties mentioned throughout the description and figures, the following symbols and abbreviations are used, all for terms known in the art:
         Total track length (TTL): the maximal distance, measured along an axis parallel to the optical axis of a lens, between a point of the front surface S 1  of a first lens element L 1  and an image sensor, when the system is focused to an infinity object distance.   Back focal length (BFL): the minimal distance, measured along an axis parallel to the optical axis of a lens, between a point of the rear surface S 2N  of a last lens element L N  and an image sensor, when the system is focused to an infinity object distance.   Effective focal length (EFL): in a lens (assembly of lens elements L 1  to L N ), the distance between a rear principal point P′ and a rear focal point F′ of the lens.   f-number, (f/#): the ratio of the EFL to an entrance pupil diameter.   Chief ray angle (CRA): a (image-side) chief ray is the line between the center of the exit pupil of a lens system and an image point. The CRA is the angle between a chief ray and the optical axis of the lens. Here and in the following, we refer to image-side chief rays and CRAs, in contrast to an object-side chief ray, which is the line between an object point and the center of the entrance pupil of a lens system. A maximal CRA (Max CRA) is the largest CRA present in a lens system considering all fields supported by the lens system.       

     BACKGROUND 
     Multi-aperture cameras (or “multi-cameras”, of which a “dual-cameras” having two cameras is an example) are becoming the standard choice of portable electronic mobile device (e.g. smartphones, tablets, etc.) makers. A multi-camera setup usually comprises a wide field-of-view (or “angle”) FOV W  camera (“Wide” camera or “W” camera), and at least one additional camera, either with the same FOV (e.g. a depth auxiliary camera), with a narrower (than FOV W ) FOV (Telephoto or “Tele” camera with FOV T ), or with an ultra-wide field of view FOV UW  (wider than FOV W , “UW” camera). 
       FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  illustrate a known digital folded camera  100 . Camera  100  comprises an optical path folding element (OPFE)  102  e.g. a prism or mirror, a lens  104  with a plurality of lens elements (not visible in this representation, but visible e.g. in  FIGS.  2 A-D ) and an image sensor  106 . The lens elements may be (as in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D ) axial symmetric along an optical axis  108 . In other embodiments, the lens elements may not be axial symmetric. For example, lens elements may be cut (diced, sliced) into a non-circular shape (not shown). 
     At least some of the lens elements may be included in a “barrel”  110 . The barrel may have a longitudinal symmetry along optical axis  108 . In  FIGS.  1 A to  1 C , the cross-section of this barrel is circular. This is however not mandatory and other shapes can be used, e.g. for hosting cut lens elements. 
     The path of the optical rays from an object (not shown) to image sensor  106  defines an optical path (see optical paths  112  and  114 , which represent portions of the optical path). OPFE folds the optical path from a first optical path  112  to a second optical path  114 , the latter being substantially parallel to optical axis  108  In particular, in some examples, OPFE  102  is inclined at substantially 45 degrees with respect to optical axis  108 . In  FIG.  1 A , OPFE  102  is also inclined at substantially 45 degrees with respect to optical path  112 . 
     In some known examples, image sensor  106  lies in a X-Y plane substantially perpendicular to optical axis  108 . This is however not limiting, and image sensor  106  can have a different orientation. For example, and as described in international published patent application WO2016/024192, image sensor  106  may lie in the XZ plane. In this case, an additional OPFE can be used to reflect the optical rays towards image sensor  106 . 
     Two cameras, for example a Wide camera  100  and a regular UW camera  130  may be included in a digital camera  150  (also referred to as dual-camera). A possible configuration is shown in  FIG.  1 C . UW camera  130  may include an aperture  132  (indicating the object side of the camera) and an optical lens system  134  (or “Wide lens module”) with a symmetry (and optical) axis  136  in the Y direction, as well as a UW image sensor  138 . The UW camera comprises a UW lens system configured to provide a UW image. As already indicated, the UW camera has a field of view FOV UW  larger than FOV W . For example, FOV UW  may be 80-130 degrees and FOV W  may be 60-90 deg. Notably, in other examples, a plurality of Wide cameras and/or a plurality of Tele cameras can be incorporated and operative in a single digital camera. The FOV T  of a Tele camera may be for example 20-50 degrees. 
     A “Macro-photography” mode is becoming a popular differentiator for smartphone cameras. “Macro-photography” refers to photographing objects close to the camera, so that an image recorded on the image sensor is nearly as large as the actual object photographed. The ratio of image size to object size is the object-to-image magnification M, defined by: 
     
       
         
           
             M 
             = 
             
               
                 - 
                 
                   v 
                   u 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 - 
                 
                   
                     dist 
                     ⁡ 
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         2 
                         ⁢ 
                         nd 
                         ⁢ 
                             
                         
                           principal 
                           ⁢ 
                               
                           plane 
                         
                       
                       , 
                       Image 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   
                     dist 
                     ⁡ 
                     ( 
                     
                       Object 
                       , 
                       
                         1 
                         ⁢ 
                         st 
                         ⁢ 
                             
                         principal 
                         ⁢ 
                             
                         plane 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where v is a lens-image distance defined by the distance of the 2 nd  (or “rear”) principal plane of the lens and the image, and u is an object-lens distance defined by the distance of the object to the 1 st  (or “front”) principal plane of the lens. The minus sign is generally not mentioned explicitly. 
     In the context of digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras, a Macro image is defined by having a M of about 1:1 or larger, e.g. 1:1.1. In the context of smartphones, “Macro image”. may refer to images with M of about 10:1 or even 15:1. First smartphone models have entered the consumer market that provide Macro-photography capabilities, usually by enabling very close focusing with a UW camera, which has a relatively short EFL (e.g. 2.5 mm). 
     A UW camera can focus to the close range required for Macro photography (e.g., 1.5 cm to 15 cm), but its spatial resolution is poor since its focal length is small and its FOV is large. For example, consider a UW camera with 2.5 mm focal length. When focused to an object at 5 cm (lens-object distance), the UW camera will have approximately M=19:1. This according to thin lens equation 
     
       
         
           
             
               1 
               EFL 
             
             = 
             
               
                 1 
                 u 
               
               + 
               
                 1 
                 v 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     with EFL=2.5 mm, v=2.6 mm and u=50 mm. Even when focused to as close as 1.5 cm, the M of the UW camera will be approximately 5:1. Capturing objects in Macro images from these short object-lens distances of e.g. u=5 cm or less is very challenging for a user. For example, it may render framing of the image very difficult, it may prohibit taking images of popular Macro objects such as living subjects (e.g. insects), and it may introduce shadows and obscure the lighting in the scene. Additionally, an UW camera has a relatively large depth of field (DoF), even for Macro images. The relatively large DoF corresponds to a low degree of optical Bokeh, which is a highly popular effect in Macro photography. 
     It would be beneficial to have a Macro camera in mobile devices that captures Macro images from a larger lens-object distance (e.g. 5-15 cm) with larger object to image magnification (e.g. 1:1-15:1), and which has a high degree of optical Bokeh. 
     SUMMARY 
     In various embodiments, there are provided folded digital cameras, comprising: a lens system with a lens with N≥6 lens elements L i  and having an EFL and a TTL, wherein each lens element has a respective focal length f i  and wherein a first lens element L 1  faces an object side; an image sensor; and an OPFE for providing a folded optical path between an object and the lens, wherein the lens system has a focusing range that covers object-lens distances from infinity to a minimal object distance (MIOD), and wherein MIOD/EFL&lt;20. 
     In various embodiments, there are provided folded digital cameras, comprising: a lens system with a lens with N≥6 lens elements L i , having an EFL and a TTL, wherein each lens element L i  has a respective focal length f i  and wherein a first lens element L 1  faces an object side; an image sensor; and an OPFE for providing a folded optical path between an object and the lens, and wherein Max CRA/FOV&lt;0.25 when the camera is focused at infinity. 
     In some embodiments, MIOD/EFL may be smaller than 15, 13, 10, or even than 7. 
     In some embodiments, the maximum field curvature MFC for any object within the focus range may be smaller than 50 μm. 
     In some embodiments, a camera may have a f number smaller than 4, 3, or even smaller than 2.5 
     In some embodiments, the lens elements may be divided into two lens element groups separated by a big gap greater than TTL/8, TTL/7, or even greater than TTL/6. 
     In some embodiments, the lens elements may be divided into a first lens element group with an effective focal length EFL1 and a second lens element group with an effective focal length EFL2, wherein a ratio EFL1/EFL2 may not deviate from 1 by more than 20%, or even by more than 10% 
     In some embodiments, a camera may further comprise a focusing mechanism for focusing the camera based on a voice coil motor. 
     In some embodiments, the first lens element L1 and a second lens element L2 may be made of a material with an Abbe number greater than 50. 
     In some embodiments, TTL/EFL may be smaller than 1.5, 1.4, or even smaller than 1.3. 
     In some embodiments, a ratio of the focal length f N  of the last lens element L N  and the TTL, f N /TTL may be smaller than 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, or even smaller than 0.7. 
     In some embodiments, Max CRA/FOV may be smaller than 0.2, or even smaller than 0.15. 
     In some embodiments, a maximum field curvature MFC for any object within the focus range may be smaller than 50 μm. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to figures attached hereto that are listed following this paragraph. The drawings and descriptions are meant to illuminate and clarify embodiments disclosed herein, and should not be considered limiting in any way. 
         FIG.  1 A  illustrates schematically a known digital folded camera in a perspective view; 
         FIG.  1 B  illustrates schematically the camera of  FIG.  1 A  in a side view; 
         FIG.  1 C  shows schematically a known dual-camera including a digital camera and an upright camera in a perspective view; 
         FIG.  2 A  shows schematically an optical lens system disclosed herein; 
         FIG.  2 B  shows schematically another optical lens system disclosed herein; 
         FIG.  2 C  shows schematically yet another optical lens system disclosed herein; 
         FIG.  2 D  shows schematically yet another optical lens system disclosed herein, focused to infinity: 
         FIG.  2 E  shows the lens system of  FIG.  2 D  focused to 100 mm; 
         FIG.  2 F  shows the lens system of  FIG.  2 D  focused to 50 mm; 
         FIG.  2 G  shows schematically an optical lens system disclosed herein with lens elements cut to a non-circular shape; 
         FIG.  2 H  shows schematically another optical lens system disclosed herein with lens elements cut to a non-circular shape; 
         FIG.  2 I  shows schematically yet another optical lens system disclosed herein with lens elements cut to a non-circular shape; 
         FIG.  2 J  shows schematically yet another optical lens system disclosed herein with lens elements cut to a non-circular shape; 
         FIG.  2 K  shows schematically yet another optical lens system disclosed herein, focused to infinity; 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates the orthogonal projections IP orth,1 , IP orth,2  of two impact points IP 1  and IP 2  on a plane P that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens of the system in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D ; 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates the orthogonal projections IP orth,3 , IP orth,4  of two impact points IP 3  and IP 4  on a plane P that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens of the system in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D ; 
         FIG.  4    provides graphically a definition of clear height; 
         FIG.  5    provides graphically a definition of clear aperture; 
         FIG.  6    provides a graphical illustration of diameter H Li  of lens element L i ; 
         FIG.  7    shows an exploded view of lens elements illustrating lens element width W L  and height H L . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the presently disclosed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the presently disclosed subject matter. 
       FIGS.  2 A- 2 J  illustrate various lens systems disclosed herein. All lens systems shown in  FIG.  2 A-J  can be included in a folded camera such as shown in  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B . 
       FIG.  2 A  shows schematically an optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered  200 . Lens system  200  comprises a lens  204 , an optical element  206  and an image sensor  208 . System  200  is shown with ray tracing. Optical element  206  may be for example an infra-red (IR) filter, and/or a glass image sensor dust cover. Optical rays (after their reflection by prism  202 ) pass through lens  204  and form an image on image sensor  208 .  FIG.  2 A  shows 3 fields with 3 rays for each: the upper marginal-ray, the lower marginal-ray and the chief-ray. In the example of  FIG.  2 A , the optical rays pass through optical element  206  before impinging on image sensor  208 . This is however not limiting, and in some examples, optical element  206  is not present. That is, the optical element may be optional in some designs. 
     Lens  204  includes a plurality of N lens elements L i  where “i” is an integer between 1 and N. In lens system  200 , N is equal to six. This is however not limiting and a different number of lens elements can be used. According to some examples, N is equal to or greater than 5. For example, N can be equal to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. L i  is the lens element closest to the object (prism) side and L N  is the lens element closest to the image side, i.e. the side where the image sensor is located. This order holds for all lenses and lens elements disclosed herein. Lens elements L i  can be used e.g. as lens elements of a camera similar to camera  100 . The N lens elements are axial symmetric along an optical (lens) axis  210 . Each lens element L i  comprises a respective front surface S 2i-1  (the index “2i-1” being the number of the front surface) and a respective rear surface S 2i  (the index “2i” being the number of the rear surface). This numbering convention is used throughout the description. Alternatively, as done throughout this description, lens surfaces are marked as “S k ”, with k running from 1 to 2N. The front surface and the rear surface can be in some cases aspherical. This is however not limiting. 
     As used herein, the term “front surface” of each lens element refers to the surface of a lens element located closer to the entrance of the camera (camera object side), and the term “rear surface” refers to the surface of a lens element located closer to the image sensor (camera image side). 
     As explained below, a clear height value CH(S k ) and a clear aperture value CA(S k ) can be defined for each surface S k  (for 1≤k≤2N. CA(S k ) and CH(S k ) define optical properties of each surface S k  of each lens element. The CH term is defined with reference to  FIG.  4    and the CA term is defined with reference to  FIG.  5   . 
     In addition a height H Li  (for 1≤i≤N) is defined for each lens element L i . H Li  corresponds, for each lens element L i , to the maximal height of lens element L i  measured along an axis perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens elements. For a given lens element, the respective H Li  is greater than, or equal to the CH and the CA of the front and rear surfaces of this given lens element. Typically, for an axial symmetric lens element, H Li  is the diameter of lens element L i  as seen in  FIG.  6   . Typically, for an axial symmetric lens element, H Li =max{CA(S 2i-1 ), CA(S 2i )}+a mechanical part size. In general, in lens design the mechanical part size is defined as not contributing to the optical properties of the lens. Consequently, one defines two heights of a lens element L i , an optical height H opt,i  (corresponding to the CA value) of an optically active area  602  and a geometrical height of the lens H L i of an entire lens area  604  which covers an optically active and an optically inactive area. The mechanical part and its properties are defined below. The mechanical part size contribution to H Li  is typically 200-1000 μm. 
     In lens system  200 , some of the surfaces of the lens elements are represented as convex, and some are represented as concave. The representation of  FIG.  2 A  is however not limiting, and a different combination of convex and/or concave surfaces can be used, depending on various factors such as the application, the desired optical power, etc. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  3 A,  3 B and  4   , each optical ray that passes through a surface S k  impinges this surface on an impact point IP. Optical rays enter optical lens system  200  from surface S 1  and pass through surfaces S 2  to S 2N . Some optical rays can impinge on any surface S k  but cannot/will not reach image sensor  208 . For a given surface S k , only optical rays that can form an image on image sensor  208  are considered. CH(S k ) is defined as the distance between two closest possible parallel lines, see lines  400  and  402  in  FIG.  4    located on a plane P orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens elements. In the representation of  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , plane P is parallel to plane X-Y and is orthogonal to optical axis  302  such that the orthogonal projection IP orth  of all impact points IP on plane P is located between the two parallel lines. 
     The definition of CH(S k ) does not depend on the object currently imaged, since it refers to the optical rays that “can” form an image on the image sensor. Thus, even if the currently imaged object is located in a black background that does not produce light, the definition does not refer to this black background since it refers to any optical rays that “can” reach the image sensor to form an image (for example optical rays emitted by a background which would emit light, contrary to a black background). 
     For example,  FIG.  3 A  illustrates the orthogonal projections IP orth,1 , IP orth,2  of two impact points IP 1  and IP 2  on plane P which is orthogonal to optical axis  302 . By way of example, in the representation of  FIG.  3 A , surface S k  is convex. 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates the orthogonal projections IP orth,3 , IP orth,4  of two impact points IP 3  and IP 4  on plane P. By way of example, in the representation of  FIG.  3 B , surface S k  is concave. 
     In  FIG.  4   , the orthogonal projection IP orth  of all impact points IP of a surface S k  on plane P is located between parallel lines  400  and  402 . CH(S k ) is thus the distance between lines  400  and  402 . 
     Attention is drawn to  FIG.  5   . According to the presently disclosed subject matter, a clear aperture CA(S k ) is defined for each given surface S k  (for 1≤k≤2N), as the diameter of a circle, wherein the circle is the smallest possible circle located in a plane P orthogonal to the optical axis  108  and encircling all orthogonal projections IP orth  of all impact points on plane P. As mentioned above with respect to CH(S k ), the definition of CA(S k ) also does not depend on the object which is currently imaged. As shown in  FIG.  5   , the circumscribed orthogonal projection IP orth  of all impact points IP on plane P is a circle  500 . The diameter of circle  500  defines CA(S k ). 
     Detailed optical data and surface data are given in Tables 1-3 for the example of the lens elements in  FIG.  2 A . The values provided for these examples are purely illustrative, and according to other examples other values can be used. 
     Surface types are defined in Table 1. The coefficients for the surfaces are defined in Table 2. The surface types are:
         a) Plano: flat surfaces, no curvature   b) Q type 1 (QT1) surface sag formula:       

     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     z 
                     ⁡ 
                     ( 
                     r 
                     ) 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         cr 
                         2 
                       
                       
                         1 
                         + 
                         
                           
                             1 
                             - 
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   1 
                                   + 
                                   k 
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 c 
                                 2 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 r 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     + 
                     
                       
                         D 
                         con 
                       
                       ( 
                       u 
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     Eq 
                     . 
                         
                     1 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               
                 D 
                 con 
               
               ( 
               u 
               ) 
             
             = 
             
               
                 u 
                 4 
               
               ⁢ 
               
                 
                   
                     ∑ 
                     
                       
                         n 
                         = 
                         0 
                       
                     
                   
                   N 
                 
                 
                   
                     A 
                     n 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       Q 
                       n 
                       con 
                     
                     ( 
                     
                       u 
                       2 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               u 
               = 
               
                 r 
                 
                   r 
                   norm 
                 
               
             
             , 
             
               x 
               = 
               
                 u 
                 2 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               
                 Q 
                 0 
                 
                   con 
                     
                 
               
               ( 
               x 
               ) 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
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                       Q 
                       1 
                       con 
                     
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                       - 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           5 
                           - 
                           
                             6 
                             ⁢ 
                             x 
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       Q 
                       2 
                       con 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       15 
                       - 
                       
                         14 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           x 
                           ⁡ 
                           ( 
                           
                             3 
                             - 
                             
                               2 
                               ⁢ 
                               x 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               Q 
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               con 
             
             = 
             
               - 
               
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                   35 
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                     12 
                     ⁢ 
                     
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                       [ 
                       
                         14 
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                           ) 
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                   
                 
                 } 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
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               4 
               con 
             
             = 
             
               70 
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                 ⁢ 
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                         ] 
                       
                     
                   
                   } 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
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               - 
               
                 [ 
                 
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     where {z, r} are the standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c is the paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, r norm  is generally one half of the surface&#39;s clear aperture, and A n  are the polynomial coefficients shown in lens data tables. The Z axis is positive towards image. Values for CA are given as a clear aperture radius, i.e. CA/2. The reference wavelength is 555.0 nm. Units are in mm except for refraction index (“Index”) and Abbe #. Each lens element L i  has a respective focal length f i , given in Table 1. The FOV is given as half FOV (HFOV). The definitions for surface types, Z axis, CA values, reference wavelength, units, focal length and HFOV are valid for Tables 1-17. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 200 
               
               
                 EFL = 15.0 mm, F number = 2.2, Half FOV = 13.25 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Aperture 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Curvature 
                   
                 Radius 
                   
                   
                   
                 Focal 
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 Comment 
                 Type 
                 Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 (D/2) 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 A.S 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 −0.795 
                 3.408 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 ASP 
                 5.103 
                 1.539 
                 3.645 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 35.74 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                   
                 6.170 
                 1.607 
                 3.606 
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 ASP 
                 3.492 
                 1.559 
                 2.944 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 17.63 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                   
                 4.611 
                 0.620 
                 2.792 
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 ASP 
                 −4.169 
                 1.421 
                 2.772 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 −14.69 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                   
                 −8.176 
                 0.493 
                 2.475 
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 ASP 
                 3.021 
                 1.701 
                 2.469 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 20.11 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                   
                 3.337 
                 3.954 
                 2.438 
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 ASP 
                 −3.359 
                 1.509 
                 2.942 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 −39.43 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                   
                 −4.540 
                 0.040 
                 3.543 
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 ASP 
                 12.089 
                 1.704 
                 3.920 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 12.05 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                   
                 −13.762 
                 1.368 
                 3.896 
               
               
                 14 
                 Filter 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 0.210 
                 — 
                 Glass 
                 1.52 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                   
                 Infinity 
                 0.275 
                 — 
               
               
                 16 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 # 
                 Conic 
                 A4 
                 A6 
                 A8 
                 A10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 0 
                 −2.64E−03 
                 −8.84E−07 
                   2.34E−07 
                 −5.05E−07 
               
               
                 3 
                 0 
                 −9.49E−03 
                   6.22E−04 
                 −3.76E−05 
                   7.07E−07 
               
               
                 4 
                 0 
                 −1.37E−02 
                 −2.75E−04 
                   9.19E−05 
                 −7.12E−06 
               
               
                 5 
                 0 
                 −1.48E−02 
                   9.78E−04 
                 −8.57E−05 
                   2.50E−06 
               
               
                 6 
                 0 
                   2.37E−02 
                 −2.66E−03 
                   2.23E−04 
                 −7.42E−06 
               
               
                 7 
                 0 
                   1.36E−02 
                 −1.29E−03 
                   8.14E−05 
                   3.27E−06 
               
               
                 8 
                 0 
                 −1.13E−02 
                 −7.97E−04 
                   4.89E−05 
                 −8.25E−06 
               
               
                 9 
                 0 
                 −8.28E−03 
                   2.76E−05 
                 −1.17E−04 
                   5.77E−06 
               
               
                 10 
                 0 
                   1.01E−02 
                 −2.86E−04 
                   5.62E−05 
                 −2.92E−06 
               
               
                 11 
                 0 
                   4.11E−03 
                 −4.26E−04 
                   6.78E−05 
                 −3.01E−06 
               
               
                 12 
                 0 
                 −2.04E−03 
                 −2.68E−04 
                   3.25E−05 
                 −7.07E−07 
               
               
                 13 
                 0 
                 −1.26E−03 
                 −7.29E−05 
                 −2.48E−06 
                   6.02E−07 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 3 provides details on the variation of the properties of lens system  200  with the object-lens distance. The object-lens distance is defined by the distance of the object to the 1 principal plane of the lens. 
     Table 4 provides details on the maximum (image-side) CRAs of lens system  200 . The maximum CRA and Half FOV (HFOV) are given for several object-lens distances (“Object”). Data refers to a field of 3.5 mm, corresponding to an edge of the image sensor (i.e. upper end of sensor diagonal). 
     For achieving small values of maximum CRA, the focal length f N  of the last lens element L N  is smaller than the lens&#39; TTL. The TTL of lens  204  is 18 mm. For lens  204 , f 6 =12.05 mm and a ratio of f N /TTL=0.67. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 200 
               
               
                 Variation of lens properties with object distance 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Object 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Distance 
                 BFL 
                 HFOV 
                   
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 [mm] 
                 [deg] 
                 Magnification 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 1.853 
                 13.25 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 2.076 
                 13.17 
                 −0.015 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 2.299 
                 13.08 
                 −0.030 
               
               
                   
                 300 
                 2.599 
                 12.98 
                 −0.050 
               
               
                   
                 250 
                 2.750 
                 12.92 
                 −0.060 
               
               
                   
                 200 
                 2.977 
                 12.83 
                 −0.076 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 3.357 
                 12.67 
                 −0.101 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 4.125 
                 12.34 
                 −0.153 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Max CRA/FOV-Lens system 200 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 HFOV  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Image Height 
                   
               
               
                 Object  
                 Max 
                 (“IH”) = 3.5 mm) 
                 Max CRA/FOV  
               
               
                 [mm] 
                 CRA 
                 [deg] 
                 (IH = 3.5 mm) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Infinity 
                 4.96 
                 13.29 
                 0.19 
               
               
                 1000 
                 5.59 
                 13.22 
                 0.21 
               
               
                 500 
                 6.09 
                 13.14 
                 0.23 
               
               
                 300 
                 6.02 
                 13.06 
                 0.23 
               
               
                 250 
                 5.76 
                 13.01 
                 0.22 
               
               
                 200 
                 5.87 
                 12.93 
                 0.23 
               
               
                 150 
                 6.02 
                 12.80 
                 0.24 
               
               
                 100 
                 6.22 
                 12.51 
                 0.25 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The focusing range of lens system  200  is from infinity to 100 mm. The focusing range of a lens system is defined as all object-lens distances that can be focused to by means of a camera mechanism that controls the distance between lens and image sensor. That is, for each object located within the focus range, a focusing mechanism can set a particular lens-image sensor distance that results in maximum contrast for the object&#39;s image. Maximum contrast means that for lens-image sensor distances other than the particular lens-image sensor distance, the object&#39;s contrast will decrease. The minimal object distance (MIOD) is defined as the lower limit of the focusing range, i.e. the MIOD is the smallest object-lens distance that the lens system can focus to. For lens system  200 , the MIOD is 100 mm. Lens system  200  can focus continuously from infinity to 100 mm, i.e. any focus position between Infinity to 100 mm (as well as any magnification between 0 and −0.153) can be realized. 
     For focusing lens  204 , all lens elements are moved together. For changing focus from infinity to 100 mm, a lens movement (“lens stroke”) of 2.272 mm is required. For moving the lens, an actuator as known in the art may be used, e.g. a voice coil motor (VCM). A Hall sensor-magnet geometry for large stroke linear position sensing which is required for VCMs supporting large strokes such as 2 mm or more is described in the US Provisional Patent Application No. 63,059,200. At the MIOD, lens system  200  achieves a magnification of −0.153, corresponding to an object-image ratio of ca. 6.5:1. The HFOV decreases from 13.25 degrees when focused to infinity to 12.34 degrees when focused to the MIOD. 
     For any object within the focus range, lens system  200  has a maximum field curvature (MFC) smaller than 50 μm. MFC may be defined as follows: when placing a lens such as lens  204  at a distance v from a flat image sensor such as image sensor  208 , image points at the optical axis will be in perfect focus, but image points off the optical axis will come into focus not at the image sensor, but at a distance v′ smaller than v, wherein v′ is less than MFC for all image points. 
     A lens such as lens  204  can be divided into two lens groups, a first lens group (“focusing group” or “G1”) and a second lens group (“CRA correction group” or “G2”). In lens  204 , the focusing group includes lens elements L 1 , L 2 , L 3  and L 4 . The CRA correction group includes L 4  and L 5 . The focusing group and the CRA correction group are separated spatially from each other by a big gap (BG) of 3.954 mm. All lens elements of G1 together have an EFL1=14.71 mm. All lens elements of G2 together have an EFL2=13.55 mm. 
     In another lens system embodiment 250 shown in  FIG.  2 G  and for achieving a folded lens system with low f/# and low lens height at the same time, lens elements are cut to a non-circular shape (“D-cut”). The cut lens elements may be obtained by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204  to a height of e.g. 6 mm (in Y direction), so that the lens is now a cut lens  204 -C. That is, the lens elements L i  of lens  204  that have height H Li &gt;6 mm (i.e. L 1 , L 5  and L 6 ) are cut to 6 mm. Lens elements are cut in the Y-direction. The cut is performed symmetrically, i.e. the cut top part (defined by larger Y values in  FIG.  2 A ) is identical in size to the cut bottom (defined by smaller Y values in  FIG.  2 A ). The cut lens elements in  204 -C have no circular symmetry like that of lens elements  204 ; their width is larger than their height, i.e. W Li &gt;H Li  (see example in  FIG.  7   ). Lens elements Li of lens  204  that have height H Li ≤6 mm are not changed. As to the cut, cut lens elements L 1 , L 5  and L 6  have a large CA but still low CH. This is beneficial as in a folded lens design in which a lens height H L  may determine the camera&#39;s height, wherein the camera height is limited in general by a height of the host device. A folded lens having large CA and low CH is beneficial for having a low f/# folded lens that is compatible with e.g. a smartphone&#39;s height constraints. The CA of lens elements L 2 , L 3  and L 4  may be oriented in any direction, e.g. in Y direction. As of the cut design, the CA of lens element L 1 , L 5  and L 6  is oriented in the X direction (not visible here). 
     Light is lost at extreme rays by cutting the lens elements, but no light loss is expected for center rays. Light loss is given as percentage of rays-through at the image plane at an image sensor boundary having coordinates (X, Y)=(0, 2.1 mm), i.e. moving up from the optical axis by 2.1 mm:
         Infinity: 92.49%   1 m: 92.22%   0.5 m: 91.94%   20 cm: 91.01%   10 cm: 89.43%       

     In other embodiments, only one or only two lens elements L i  may be cut, i.e. may have W Li &gt;H Li . In yet other embodiments, more than three lens elements L i  may be cut, i.e. may have W Li &gt;H Li . In yet other embodiments, all lens elements L i  may be cut, i.e. may have W Li &gt;H Li . In yet other embodiments, a cut lens may be achieved by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204  to a height of e.g. 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4 mm (in the Y direction), i.e. lens elements L i  that have height H Li &gt;6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4.5 mm may be cut to 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4.5 mm respectively. 
     Attention is now drawn to  FIG.  2 B , which depicts schematically another optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered  220 . Lens system  220  comprises a lens  204 ′ with a plurality of lens elements, optical element  206  (optional) and image sensor  208 . Ray tracing is provided as in  FIG.  2 A . Detailed optical data and surface data are given in Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8. Table 8 provides details on the maximum CRAs of lens system  220 . Notation and field are identical to Table 4. 
       FIG.  2 B  shows 3 fields with 3 rays for each: the upper marginal-ray, the lower marginal-ray and the chief-ray. 
     The focusing range of lens system  220  is from infinity to 100 mm, i.e. the MIOD is 100 mm. 
     For focusing with lens  204 ′, all lens elements are moved together. For changing focus from infinity to 100 mm, a lens stroke of 2.237 mm is required. For moving the lens, an actuator as known in the art may be used, e.g. a VCM. At the MIOD, lens system  210  achieves a magnification of −0.15, corresponding to an object-image ratio of ca. 6.7:1. The HFOV decreases from 13.29 degrees when focused to infinity to 12.51 degrees when focused to the MIOD. Any focus position between infinity to 100 mm (as well as any magnification between 0 and −0.15) can be realized. For any object within the focus range, lens system  220  has a maximum field curvature (MFC)&lt;50 μm. 
     Lens  204 ′ can be divided into two groups, a first focusing group which includes lens elements L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  and a second CRA correction group which includes L 6  and L 7 . The focusing group and the CRA correction group are separated spatially from each other by a big gap of 4.960 mm. All lens elements of G1 together have an EFL1=14.08 mm, all lens elements of G2 together have an EFL2=13.94 mm. The TTL of lens  204 ′ is 18 mm. 
       FIG.  2 H  an embodiment numbered  260  of a lens system with a D-cut lens  204 ′-C based on lens  204 ′. As in the description of  FIG.  2 G , light loss is given as percentage of rays-through at coordinates (X, Y)=(0, 2.1 mm):
         Infinity: 92.33%   1 m: 92.07%   0.5 m: 91.75%   20 cm: 90.76%   10 cm: 89.11%       

     D-cut lens  204 ′-C is obtained by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ′ to a height of e.g. 6 mm (in the Y direction), i.e. the lens elements L i  of lens  204 ′ that have height H Li &gt;6 mm (i.e. L 1 , L 6  and L 7 ) are cut to 6 mm. In other embodiments, a cut lens may be achieved by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ′ to a height of e.g. 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4 mm (in the Y direction), i.e. the lens elements L i  that have height H Li &gt;6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4.5 mm may be cut to 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4.5 mm respectively. For details on cut lenses it is referred to the description of  FIG.  2 A . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 220 
               
               
                 EFL = 15.0 mm, F number = 2.2, Half FOV = 13.3 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Aperture 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Curvature 
                   
                 Radius 
                   
                   
                   
                 Focal 
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 Comment 
                 Type 
                 Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 (D/2) 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 A.S 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 −1.030 
                 3.408 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 ASP 
                 4.603 
                 1.619 
                 3.633 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 119.97 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                   
                 4.335 
                 1.382 
                 3.441 
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 ASP 
                 3.577 
                 1.700 
                 2.930 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 9.38 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                   
                 9.836 
                 0.571 
                 2.729 
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 ASP 
                 −25.617 
                 0.260 
                 2.710 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 −5.17 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                   
                 4.059 
                 0.651 
                 2.619 
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 ASP 
                 −5.649 
                 0.671 
                 2.605 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 17.54 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                   
                 −3.704 
                 0.040 
                 2.518 
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 ASP 
                 3.303 
                 1.675 
                 2.649 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 13.22 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                   
                 4.172 
                 4.960 
                 2.471 
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 ASP 
                 −3.581 
                 1.519 
                 3.048 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 −35.15 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                   
                 −4.939 
                 0.040 
                 3.530 
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 ASP 
                 12.341 
                 1.703 
                 3.857 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 11.86 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                   
                 −12.986 
                 0.780 
                 3.890 
               
               
                 16 
                 Filter 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 0.210 
                 — 
                 Glass 
                 1.52 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                   
                 Infinity 
                 0.220 
                 — 
               
               
                 18 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 # 
                 Conic 
                 A4 
                 A6 
                 A8 
                 A10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  2 
                 0 
                 −2.62E−03 
                   9.87E−06 
                 −3.09E−07 
                 −4.05E−07 
               
               
                  3 
                 0 
                 −9.81E−03 
                   4.21E−04 
                 −2.87E−05 
                   4.48E−07 
               
               
                  4 
                 0 
                 −7.71E−03 
                 −4.01E−05 
                 −4.65E−05 
                   1.34E−06 
               
               
                  5 
                 0 
                   9.24E−03 
                 −1.27E−03 
                 −1.66E−05 
                   2.67E−06 
               
               
                  6 
                 0 
                 −1.68E−03 
                   7.18E−05 
                   1.10E−04 
                 −1.03E−05 
               
               
                  7 
                 0 
                 −2.43E−02 
                   2.85E−03 
                 −8.38E−05 
                 −7.26E−06 
               
               
                  8 
                 0 
                   1.45E−02 
                   6.75E−04 
                 −3.20E−05 
                 −4.50E−06 
               
               
                  9 
                 0 
                   1.54E−02 
                   1.39E−03 
                 −1.53E−04 
                   1.25E−05 
               
               
                 10 
                 0 
                 −6.69E−03 
                 −1.41E−04 
                   2.93E−05 
                 −4.92E−06 
               
               
                 11 
                 0 
                 −6.80E−03 
                   1.38E−03 
                 −1.76E−04 
                   5.48E−06 
               
               
                 12 
                 0 
                   7.57E−03 
                   1.80E−04 
                   4.85E−06 
                 −5.12E−07 
               
               
                 13 
                 0 
                   2.74E−03 
                 −1.10E−05 
                   2.79E−05 
                 −1.63E−06 
               
               
                 14 
                 0 
                 −1.70E−03 
                 −5.47E−05 
                   1.09E−05 
                 −2.45E−07 
               
               
                 15 
                 0 
                 −2.92E−04 
                 −1.37E−04 
                   5.95E−06 
                   1.00E−07 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 220 
               
               
                 Variation of lens properties with object distance 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Object  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Distance 
                 BFL 
                 HFOV 
                   
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 [mm] 
                 [deg] 
                 Magnification 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 1.210 
                 13.29 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 1.432 
                 13.22 
                 −0.02 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 1.655 
                 13.14 
                 −0.03 
               
               
                   
                 300 
                 1.952 
                 13.06 
                 −0.05 
               
               
                   
                 250 
                 2.101 
                 13.01 
                 −0.06 
               
               
                   
                 200 
                 2.324 
                 12.93 
                 −0.08 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 2.698 
                 12.80 
                 −0.10 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 3.447 
                 12.51 
                 −0.15 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 CRA/FOV-Lens system 220 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 HFOV  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (Image Height 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Object  
                 Max 
                 (“IH”) = 3.5 mm) 
                 Max CRA/FOV  
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 CRA 
                 [deg] 
                 (IH = 3.5 mm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 3.90 
                 13.29 
                 0.15 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 4.54 
                 13.22 
                 0.17 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 5.07 
                 13.14 
                 0.19 
               
               
                   
                 300 
                 4.65 
                 13.06 
                 0.18 
               
               
                   
                 250 
                 4.74 
                 13.01 
                 0.18 
               
               
                   
                 200 
                 4.87 
                 12.93 
                 0.19 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 5.04 
                 12.80 
                 0.20 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 5.28 
                 12.51 
                 0.21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG.  2 C  depicts schematically another optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered  230 . Lens system  230  comprises a lens  204 ″, optical element  206  (optional) and image sensor  208 . Ray tracing is provided as in  FIG.  2 A- 2 B . Detailed optical data and surface data are given in Tables 9, 10, 11 and 12. Table 12 provides details on the maximum CRAs of lens system  220 . Notation and field are identical to Table 4. 
       FIG.  2 C  shows 3 fields with 3 rays for each: the upper marginal-ray, the lower marginal-ray and the chief-ray. The focusing range of lens system  230  is from infinity to 76.4 mm, i.e. the MIOD is 76.4 mm. For focusing with lens  204 ″, all lens elements are moved together. For changing focus from Infinity to 100 mm, a lens stroke of 2.881 mm is required. For moving the lens, an actuator (e.g. a VCM) as known in the art may be used. At the MIOD, lens system  230  achieves a magnification of −0.195, corresponding to an object-image ratio of ca. 5.1:1. The HFOV decreases from 13.29 degrees when focused to infinity to 12.52 degrees when focused to the MIOD. Any focus position between Infinity to 76.4 mm (as well as any magnification between 0 and −0.195) can be realized. For any object within the focus range, lens system  230  has a MFC&lt;50 μm. 
     Lens  204 ″ can be divided into two groups, a first focusing group that includes L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  and a second CRA correction group that includes L 6 , L 7  and L 8 . The focusing group and the CRA correction group are separated spatially from each other by a big gap of 3.839 mm. All lens elements of G1 together have an EFL1=13.50 mm, all lens elements of G2 together have an EFL2=11.85 mm. The TTL of lens  204 ″ is 18 mm. 
       FIG.  2 I  shows an embodiment numbered  270  of a lens system with a cut lens  204 ″-C based on lens  204 ″. As in the description of  FIG.  2 G , light loss is given as percentage of rays-through at coordinates (X, Y)=(0, 2.1 mm):
         Infinity: 93.21%   1 m: 92.99%   0.5 m: 92.74%   20 cm: 92.01%   7.64 cm: 85.82%       

       204 ″-C is obtained by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ″ to a height of e.g. 6 mm (in Y direction). The lens elements L i  of lens  204 ″ that have height H Li &gt;6 mm (i.e. L 1 , L 2 , L 6 , L 7  and L 8 ) are cut to 6 mm. In other embodiments, a cut lens may be achieved by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ″ to a height of e.g. 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4 mm (in the Y direction). For details on cut lenses it is referred to the description of  FIG.  2 A . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 230 
               
               
                 EFL = 15.0 mm, F number = 2.2, HFOV = 13.29 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Aperture 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Curvature 
                   
                 Radius 
                   
                   
                   
                 Focal 
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 Comment 
                 Type 
                 Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 (D/2) 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 A.S 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 −1.160 
                 3.409 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 ASP 
                 5.187 
                 1.335 
                 3.629 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 56.02 
                 138.46 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                   
                 5.064 
                 0.950 
                 3.445 
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 ASP 
                 3.563 
                 1.513 
                 3.150 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 8.07 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                   
                 15.708 
                 0.609 
                 2.903 
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 ASP 
                 −39.685 
                 0.617 
                 2.873 
                 Plastic 
                 1.65 
                 21.78 
                 −4.50 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                   
                 3.201 
                 0.303 
                 2.583 
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 ASP 
                 −11.948 
                 0.675 
                 2.580 
                 Plastic 
                 1.53 
                 55.97 
                 22.38 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                   
                 −6.098 
                 0.040 
                 2.440 
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 ASP 
                 3.209 
                 1.680 
                 2.444 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 10.03 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                   
                 4.813 
                 3.839 
                 2.212 
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 ASP 
                 −3.377 
                 1.002 
                 2.840 
                 Plastic 
                 1.65 
                 21.78 
                 −6.59 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                   
                 −17.249 
                 0.040 
                 3.403 
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 ASP 
                 −15.688 
                 1.652 
                 3.496 
                 Plastic 
                 1.58 
                 30.11 
                 9.50 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                   
                 −4.267 
                 0.040 
                 3.690 
               
               
                 16 
                 Lens 8 
                 ASP 
                 12.159 
                 1.701 
                 4.123 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 56.02 
                 13.86 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                   
                 −18.946 
                 1.592 
                 4.063 
               
               
                 18 
                 Filter 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 0.210 
                 — 
                 Glass 
                 1.52 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 19 
                   
                   
                 Infinity 
                 0.202 
                 — 
               
               
                 20 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 0.000 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 # 
                 Conic 
                 A4 
                 A6 
                 A8 
                 A10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  2 
                 0 
                 −1.26E−03 
                   2.06E−05 
                 −1.02E−06 
                 −3.50E−07 
               
               
                  3 
                 0 
                 −5.16E−03 
                   3.31E−04 
                 −2.35E−05 
                   2.89E−07 
               
               
                  4 
                 0 
                 −4.34E−03 
                   2.48E−04 
                 −4.84E−05 
                   1.77E−06 
               
               
                  5 
                 0 
                   8.67E−03 
                 −8.16E−04 
                 −1.20E−05 
                   4.10E−06 
               
               
                  6 
                 0 
                 −3.47E−04 
                   2.29E−05 
                   5.60E−05 
                 −4.03E−06 
               
               
                  7 
                 0 
                 −3.01E−02 
                   2.92E−03 
                 −7.26E−05 
                 −6.05E−06 
               
               
                  8 
                 0 
                   1.89E−02 
                   2.99E−04 
                 −6.15E−05 
                 −8.51E−07 
               
               
                  9 
                 0 
                   2.09E−02 
                   2.15E−03 
                 −3.43E−04 
                   9.74E−06 
               
               
                 10 
                 0 
                 −1.05E−02 
                 −5.90E−04 
                   1.64E−04 
                 −1.37E−05 
               
               
                 11 
                 0 
                 −5.32E−03 
                   7.82E−04 
                 −2.81E−05 
                   7.36E−06 
               
               
                 12 
                 0 
                   9.47E−04 
                   5.64E−04 
                   6.09E−05 
                 −2.44E−06 
               
               
                 13 
                 0 
                 −3.85E−03 
                   1.06E−04 
                   4.63E−05 
                 −2.32E−06 
               
               
                 14 
                 0 
                   3.81E−04 
                 −3.62E−05 
                   1.72E−05 
                 −7.92E−07 
               
               
                 15 
                 0 
                   3.94E−03 
                   4.70E−05 
                 −9.66E−06 
                   5.03E−07 
               
               
                 16 
                 0 
                   5.83E−05 
                 −8.90E−05 
                   5.22E−06 
                   4.24E−08 
               
               
                 17 
                 0 
                 −1.59E−03 
                   1.52E−04 
                 −1.02E−05 
                   4.46E−07 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 230 
               
               
                 Variation of lens properties with object distance 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Object  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Distance 
                 BFL 
                 HFOV 
                   
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 [mm] 
                 [deg] 
                 Magnification 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 2.004 
                 13.29 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 2.225 
                 13.24 
                 −0.015 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 2.447 
                 13.11 
                 −0.030 
               
               
                   
                 300 
                 2.742 
                 13.18 
                 −0.050 
               
               
                   
                 250 
                 2.889 
                 13.12 
                 −0.060 
               
               
                   
                 200 
                 3.110 
                 13.02 
                 −0.075 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 3.477 
                 12.92 
                 −0.100 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 4.209 
                 12.69 
                 −0.149 
               
               
                   
                 76.4 
                 4.885 
                 12.52 
                 −0.195 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 CRA/FOV-Lens system 230 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 HFOV  
                 Max CRA/FOV  
               
               
                   
                 Object  
                 Max 
                 (Image height = 
                 (Image Height =  
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 CRA 
                 3.5 mm) 
                 3.5 mm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 2.57 
                 13.29 
                 0.10 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 3.21 
                 13.24 
                 0.12 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 3.72 
                 13.11 
                 0.14 
               
               
                   
                 300 
                 3.35 
                 13.18 
                 0.13 
               
               
                   
                 250 
                 3.45 
                 13.12 
                 0.13 
               
               
                   
                 200 
                 3.59 
                 13.02 
                 0.14 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 3.78 
                 12.92 
                 0.15 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 4.06 
                 12.69 
                 0.16 
               
               
                   
                 76 
                 3.99 
                 12.52 
                 0.16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Attention is now drawn to  FIGS.  2 D- 2 F , which depict schematically yet another optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered  240 . Lens system  240  comprises a lens  204 ′″, optical element  206  (optional) and image sensor  208 . Ray tracing is provided as in  FIG.  2 A- 2 C . Detailed optical data and surface data are given in Tables 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. Table 17 provides details on the Max CRAs of lens system  240 . Notation and field are identical to Table 4.  FIGS.  2 D- 2 F  show three fields with 3 rays for each: the upper marginal-ray, the lower marginal-ray and the chief-ray. 
       FIG.  2 D  shows lens system  240  focused to infinity (“Config. A”),  FIG.  2 E  shows lens system  240  focused to 100 mm (“Config. B”) and  FIG.  2 F  shows lens system  240  focused to 50 mm (“Config. C”). The object-lens distance focused on is given by Surface 0 in Table 15. The focusing range of lens system  240  is from infinity to 50 mm, i.e. the MIOD is 50 mm. 
     Lens  204 ′″ is divided into two groups that move relative to each other for focusing. A first lens group (“G1”) includes lens elements L 1  and L 2 , and a second lens group (“G2”) includes L 3 , L 4 , L 5  and L 6 . The big gap of between G1 and G2 decreases from 2.625 mm when focused to Infinity to 1.946 mm when focused to 100 mm, and to 1.303 mm when focused to 50 mm (see Surface #5 in table 15). For focusing, lens  204 ′″ also moves as one unit so that the BFL changes (see Surface #13 in Table 15). 
     For moving the lens, an actuator (e.g. VCM) may be used, At the MIOD, lens system  240  achieves a magnification of −0.40, corresponding to an object-image ratio of ca.  2 . 5 : 1 . The HFOV decreases from 13.1 degrees when focused to infinity to 9.3 degrees when focused to the MIOD (see Table 16). Any focus position between Infinity to 50 mm (as well as any magnification between 0 and −0.4) can be realized. 
     For any object within the focus range, lens system  240  has a MFC&lt;50 μm. All lens elements of G1 together have an EFL1=38.61 mm, all lens elements of G2 together have an EFL2=15.36 mm. The TTL of lens  204 ′″ is 15.8 mm. 
       FIG.  2 J  shows an embodiment numbered  280  of a lens system with a cut lens  204 ′″-C based on lens  204 ′″. As in the description of  FIG.  2 G , light loss is given as percentage of rays-through at coordinates (X, Y)=(0, 2.1 mm):
         Infinity: 94.58%   10 cm: 91.53%   5 cm: 91.02%       

     Cut lens  204 ′″-C is obtained by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ′″ to a height of 6 mm (in Y direction), i.e. the lens elements L i  of lens  204 ′″ that have height H Li &gt;6 mm (L 1 , L 2 , L 5  and L 6 ) are cut to 6 mm. In other embodiments, a cut lens may be achieved by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ′″ to a height of e.g. 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4 mm (in the Y direction). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 240 
               
               
                 EFL = 15.0 mm, F number = 2.2, HFOV = 13.1 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Aperture 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Curvature 
                   
                 Radius 
                   
                   
                   
                 Focal 
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 Comment 
                 Type 
                 Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 (D/2) 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 A.S 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 −1.138 
                 3.394 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 ASP 
                 5.548 
                 1.713 
                 3.399 
                 Plastic 
                 1.53 
                 55.66 
                 10.11 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                   
                 −225.776 
                 0.031 
                 3.268 
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 ASP 
                 4.454 
                 1.000 
                 3.084 
                 Plastic 
                 1.64 
                 23.52 
                 −9.96 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                   
                 2.401 
                 2.625 
                 2.627 
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 ASP 
                 4.197 
                 1.000 
                 2.722 
                 Plastic 
                 1.53 
                 55.66 
                 15.25 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                   
                 7.888 
                 4.910 
                 2.661 
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 ASP 
                 −6.881 
                 0.435 
                 2.717 
                 Plastic 
                 1.66 
                 20.37 
                 1841.21 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                   
                 −7.016 
                 0.162 
                 2.848 
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 ASP 
                 2.335 
                 0.551 
                 2.906 
                 Plastic 
                 1.53 
                 55.66 
                 −24.20 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                   
                 1.816 
                 1.274 
                 3.339 
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 ASP 
                 −7.488 
                 1.251 
                 3.393 
                 Plastic 
                 1.53 
                 55.66 
                 20.05 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                   
                 −4.675 
                 0.344 
                 3.546 
               
               
                 14 
                 Filter 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 0.210 
                 — 
                 Glass 
                 1.52 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                   
                 Infinity 
                 0.290 
                 — 
               
               
                 16 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For details on cut lenses it is referred to the description of  FIG.  2 A . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 # 
                 Conic 
                 A4 
                 A6 
                 A8 
                 A10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  2 
                 −4.21E−01 
                   6.50E−04 
                 −1.01E−05 
                   1.56E−06 
                 −5.69E−08 
               
               
                  3 
                 −2.24E+02 
                   2.36E−03 
                 −1.58E−04 
                   5.38E−06 
                 −7.57E−08 
               
               
                  4 
                 −4.52E+00 
                 −5.19E−04 
                   5.31E−05 
                 −6.85E−06 
                   3.53E−07 
               
               
                  5 
                 −2.24E+00 
                   2.21E−03 
                   1.61E−05 
                 −1.54E−06 
                   7.95E−07 
               
               
                  6 
                 −8.98E−03 
                 −7.71E−05 
                 −5.52E−05 
                   5.85E−06 
                 −8.17E−07 
               
               
                  7 
                   6.54E−01 
                   6.97E−04 
                 −2.34E−05 
                 −6.13E−07 
                 −5.58E−07 
               
               
                  8 
                 −6.59E+01 
                   4.55E−03 
                 −1.90E−03 
                   2.62E−05 
                   3.32E−06 
               
               
                  9 
                 −4.32E−01 
                   1.47E−02 
                 −3.66E−03 
                   2.57E−04 
                 −5.76E−06 
               
               
                 10 
                 −4.54E+00 
                 −2.21E−02 
                 −1.28E−03 
                   3.91E−04 
                 −2.22E−05 
               
               
                 11 
                 −1.73E+00 
                 −3.64E−02 
                   4.33E−03 
                 −2.94E−04 
                   6.72E−06 
               
               
                 12 
                 −2.40E+01 
                   1.32E−03 
                   3.07E−04 
                 −3.67E−05 
                 −4.21E−07 
               
               
                 13 
                 −1.13E+00 
                   6.63E−04 
                 −3.99E−04 
                   6.48E−05 
                 −3.13E−06 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 240 
               
               
                 Variation of surface thicknesses 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 # 
                 Config. A 
                 Config. B 
                 Config. C 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 1.00E+06 
                 100 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 2.625 
                 1.946 
                 1.303 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 0.344 
                 2.941 
                 6.318 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens system 240 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Config. # 
                 HFOV 
                 Magnification 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 A 
                 13.1 deg 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 11.3 deg 
                 −0.17 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                  9.3 deg 
                 −0.40 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 CRA/FOV-Lens system 240 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 HFOV  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (Image Height 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Object  
                 Max 
                 (“IH”) = 3.5 mm)  
                 Max CRA/FOV  
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 CRA 
                 [deg] 
                 (IH = 3.5 mm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 12.65 
                 13.09 
                 0.48 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 12.51 
                 11.64 
                 0.54 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 11.44 
                 9.92 
                 0.58 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                     TABLE 18                  EFL ratios between groups G1 and G2                                     Last                        surface                       of first   EFL1    EFL2    Ratio       Embodiment   group   (EFL of G1)   (EFL of G2)   EFL1/EFL2                                         200   9   14.71   13.55   1.09       220   11   14.08   13.94   1.01       230   11   13.50   11.85   1.14       240   5   38.61   15.36   2.51       290   11   14.1   12.3   1.15                    
Table 18 shows an overview on the EFLs of all lens elements of the G1 and G2 respectively as well as ratios EFL1/EFL2 for lens system embodiments 200, 220, 230, 240 and 290.
 
       FIG.  2 K  depicts schematically another optical lens system disclosed herein and numbered  290 . Lens system  290  comprises a lens  204 ″ ″ with a plurality of lens elements, optical element  206  (optional) and image sensor  208 . Ray tracing is provided as in  FIG.  2 A . Detailed optical data, surface data and further lens properties are given in Tables 19, 20, 21 and 22. 
     The focusing range of lens system  290  is from infinity to 52 mm (MIOD=52 mm). 
     For focusing with lens  204 ″ ″, all lens elements are moved together. For changing focus from infinity to 52 mm, a lens stroke of 4.507 mm is required. At the MIOD, lens system  290  achieves a magnification of −0.29, corresponding to an object-image ratio of ca. 3.4:1. The HFOV decreases from 9.57 degrees when focused to infinity to 8.52 degrees when focused to the MIOD. Any focus position between infinity to 52 mm (as well as any magnification between 0 and −0.29) can be realized. For any object within the focus range, lens system  290  has a MFC&lt;50 μm. 
     Lens  204 ″″ can be divided into two groups, a first focusing group that includes L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  and a second CRA correction group that includes L 6 , L 7  and L 8 . The focusing group and the CRA correction group are separated spatially from each other by a big gap of 3.974 mm. All lens elements of G1 together have an EFL1=14.1 mm, all lens elements of G2 together have an EFL2=12.3 mm. The TTL of lens  204 ″ ″ is 18.6 mm. 
     Some embodiments may include a cut lens based on lens  204 ″ ″. The cut lens may be achieved by cutting the large lens elements of lens  204 ″ ″ to a height of e.g. 6.5 mm, 5 mm or 4 mm (in the Y direction). For details on cut lenses, it is referred to the description of  FIG.  2 A . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Embodiment 290 
               
               
                 F = 15.5mm, F number = 2.58, HFOV = 13.29 deg. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Aperture 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Curvature 
                   
                 Radius 
                   
                   
                   
                 Focal 
               
               
                 Surface # 
                 Comment 
                 Type 
                 Radius 
                 Thickness 
                 (D/2) 
                 Material 
                 Index 
                 Abbe # 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 A.S 
                   
                 Infinity 
                 −0.732 
                 3.000 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 Lens 1 
                 ASP 
                 5.487 
                 1.243 
                 3.000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 56.02 
                 178.01 
               
               
                 3 
                   
                   
                 5.351 
                 0.942 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 4 
                 Lens 2 
                 ASP 
                 3.687 
                 1.573 
                 3.000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 55.91 
                 8.24 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                   
                 17.247 
                 0.659 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 6 
                 Lens 3 
                 ASP 
                 −34.749 
                 0.716 
                 2.969 
                 Plastic 
                 1.65 
                 21.78 
                 −4.57 
               
               
                 7 
                   
                   
                 3.302 
                 0.310 
                 2.644 
               
               
                 8 
                 Lens 4 
                 ASP 
                 −13.318 
                 0.684 
                 2.641 
                 Plastic 
                 1.53 
                 55.97 
                 24.85 
               
               
                 9 
                   
                   
                 −6.772 
                 0.041 
                 2.494 
               
               
                 10 
                 Lens 5 
                 ASP 
                 3.284 
                 1.758 
                 2.490 
                 Plastic 
                 1.67 
                 19.44 
                 9.94 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                   
                 5.040 
                 3.974 
                 2.228 
               
               
                 12 
                 Lens 6 
                 ASP 
                 −3.602 
                 1.073 
                 2.897 
                 Plastic 
                 1.65 
                 21.78 
                 −7.06 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                   
                 −18.159 
                 0.044 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 14 
                 Lens 7 
                 ASP 
                 −14.373 
                 1.615 
                 3.000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.58 
                 30.11 
                 10.02 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                   
                 −4.342 
                 0.041 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 16 
                 Lens 8 
                 ASP 
                 14.157 
                 1.757 
                 3.000 
                 Plastic 
                 1.54 
                 56.02 
                 14.47 
               
               
                 17 
                   
                   
                 −17.049 
                 1.743 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 18 
                 Filter 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 0.210 
                 — 
                 Glass 
                 1.52 
                 64.17 
               
               
                 19 
                   
                   
                 Infinity 
                 0.212 
                 — 
               
               
                 20 
                 Image 
                 Plano 
                 Infinity 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aspheric Coefficients 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface # 
                 Conic 
                 A4 
                 A6 
                 A8 
                 A10 
                 A12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2 
                 0 
                 −1.21E−03 
                 −6.93E−05 
                 3.32E−05 
                 −6.30E−06 
                 5.62E−07 
               
               
                 3 
                 0 
                 −5.07E−03 
                  3.57E−04 
                 −1.87E−05  
                 −2.46E−06 
                 4.29E−07 
               
               
                 4 
                 0 
                 −4.06E−03 
                  5.18E−04 
                 −1.20E−04  
                  1.22E−05 
                 −8.59E−07  
               
               
                 5 
                 0 
                  7.39E−03 
                 −8.92E−05 
                 −2.83E−04  
                  6.07E−05 
                 −6.11E−06  
               
               
                 6 
                 0 
                 −4.46E−04 
                  3.79E−04 
                 −1.33E−04  
                  3.83E−05 
                 −5.13E−06  
               
               
                 7 
                 0 
                 −2.57E−02 
                  1.10E−06 
                 1.63E−03 
                 −5.53E−04 
                 9.45E−05 
               
               
                 8 
                 0 
                  1.88E−02 
                 −2.83E−03 
                 1.86E−03 
                 −5.87E−04 
                 9.51E−05 
               
               
                 9 
                 0 
                  1.91E−02 
                  2.54E−03 
                 −8.30E−04  
                  2.32E−04 
                 −5.19E−05  
               
               
                 10 
                 0 
                 −9.94E−03 
                  4.29E−04 
                 −4.14E−04  
                  1.81E−04 
                 −3.75E−05  
               
               
                 11 
                 0 
                 −4.66E−03 
                  1.18E−03 
                 −3.00E−04  
                  1.12E−04 
                 −2.25E−05  
               
               
                 12 
                 0 
                  7.88E−04 
                 −4.64E−04 
                 4.63E−04 
                 −8.04E−05 
                 7.21E−06 
               
               
                 13 
                 0 
                 −2.84E−03 
                 −9.77E−04 
                 3.76E−04 
                 −4.70E−05 
                 2.74E−06 
               
               
                 14 
                 0 
                  1.30E−03 
                 −9.09E−04 
                 2.99E−04 
                 −4.17E−05 
                 2.82E−06 
               
               
                 15 
                 0 
                  4.93E−03 
                 −8.53E−04 
                 2.09E−04 
                 −2.46E−05 
                 1.42E−06 
               
               
                 16 
                 0 
                  1.54E−03 
                 −1.01E−03 
                 1.89E−04 
                 −1.87E−05 
                 1.06E−06 
               
               
                 17 
                 0 
                 −6.52E−04 
                 −1.55E−04 
                 1.55E−05 
                  5.19E−07 
                 −1.41E−07  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Surface # 
                 Conic 
                 A14 
                 A16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 0 
                 −2.71E−08 
                  5.34E−10 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 0 
                 −2.83E−08 
                  6.99E−10 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 0 
                  4.33E−08 
                 −1.18E−09 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 0 
                  3.31E−07 
                 −7.68E−09 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 0 
                  3.20E−07 
                 −7.80E−09 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 0 
                 −8.39E−06 
                  3.03E−07 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 0 
                 −7.83E−06 
                  2.58E−07 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 0 
                  6.16E−06 
                 −2.88E−07 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 0 
                  3.69E−06 
                 −1.41E−07 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 0 
                  2.26E−06 
                 −6.86E−08 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 0 
                 −3.08E−07 
                  4.71E−09 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 0 
                 −6.12E−08 
                 −6.65E−11 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 0 
                 −8.10E−08 
                  4.86E−10 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 0 
                 −3.30E−08 
                  9.41E−11 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 0 
                 −3.20E−08 
                  3.98E−10 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 0 
                  7.77E−09 
                 −1.35E−10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 21 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Embodiment 290 
               
               
                 Variation of lens properties with object distance 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Object  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Distance 
                 BFL 
                 HFOV 
                   
               
               
                   
                 [mm] 
                 [mm] 
                 [deg] 
                 Magnification 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Infinity 
                 2.166 
                 9.57 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 1033 
                 2.395 
                 9.56 
                 −0.01 
               
               
                   
                 517 
                 2.625 
                 9.59 
                 −0.03 
               
               
                   
                 310 
                 2.931 
                 9.60 
                 −0.05 
               
               
                   
                 258 
                 3.083 
                 9.46 
                 −0.06 
               
               
                   
                 207 
                 3.312 
                 9.42 
                 −0.07 
               
               
                   
                 155 
                 3.693 
                 9.34 
                 −0.10 
               
               
                   
                 103 
                 4.453 
                 9.15 
                 −0.15 
               
               
                   
                 52 
                 6.673 
                 8.52 
                 −0.29 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                     TABLE 22                  CRA/FOV-Embodiment 290                                             HFOV                    Max.   (Image Height               Object   CRA   (“IH”) = 2.8 mm)   Max. CRA/FOV           [mm]   [deg]   [deg]   (IH = 2.8 mm)                       Infinity   0.65   9.57   0.03           1033   0.96   9.56   0.05           517   0.47   9.59   0.02           310   0.47   9.60   0.02           258   1.82   9.46   0.10           207   2.05   9.42   0.11           155   2.37   9.34   0.13           103   2.86   9.15   0.16           52   3.74   8.52   0.22                        
in cross-section (in plane X-Y, which is orthogonal to the optical lens system and which generally coincides with the optical axis) that is not circular. In particular, as shown for example in  FIG.  7    for a lens barrel  700  carrying lens elements  702 , at least some of the lens elements can have a width W Li  (measured along axis X) which is greater than their height H Li  (measured along axis Y). Barrel  700  further comprises a barrel wall (or surrounding)  704 . The height H Li  can correspond to the total height of the lens element (including the mechanical part). In some embodiments, a lens element in lens barrel  700  may have a symmetry about axis Y and/or about axis X. A non-circular lens barrel such as  700  maybe shaped according to the cut lens elements of a lens such as e.g. lens  204 -C. As shown in  FIG.  7   , the height of a lens barrel may be only slightly higher than the lens element having the largest height in the lens. For example, a lens barrel may be 0-0.5 mm higher than the highest lens element. A lens barrel having an identical height as the highest lens element is described for example in co-owned international patent application PCT/IB2018/050988, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
 
     According to some examples, W Li  is substantially greater than H Li  (for example, by at least a percentage which is equal or greater than 20%, these values being not limiting). In some examples, W Li  may be greater than H Li  by a percentage of 20-70%. Consider lens element L S  of folded lens  204 ′ as an example: W L8  is greater than H L8  by a percentage of 32%. 
     It is appreciated that certain features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. 
     Furthermore, for the sake of clarity the term “substantially” is used herein to imply the possibility of variations in values within an acceptable range. According to one example, the term “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 10% over or under any specified value. According to another example, the term “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 5% over or under any specified value. According to a further example, the term “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 2.5% over or under any specified value. 
     Unless otherwise stated, the use of the expression “and/or” between the last two members of a list of options for selection indicates that a selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and may be made. 
     It should be understood that where the claims or specification refer to “a” or “an” element, such reference is not to be construed as there being only one of that element. 
     All references mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual reference was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present disclosure.