Patent Publication Number: US-7917159-B1

Title: Method and apparatus for controlling a quiet zone for wireless units

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/126,838, filed May 11, 2005, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/803,424, filed Mar. 8, 2001 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,907,254), which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to wireless units including cellular telephones with IP capability. In particular, it relates to providing control over IP cellular phone units within a physical area such as a theater or restaurant. 
     The use of cellular telephones using various protocols including CDMA and GSM, as well as the use of other cellular devices such as PCS devices, is ubiquitous. These cellular units can cause unwelcome sounds in shared spaces causing annoyance. For example, phones may ring during a theater performance or persons may converse on a cell phone at a quiet restaurant. 
     Although sometimes a venue requests cellular phone users to turn off their phones while inside the space, such as by posting signs or making an announcement prior to a performance, this is not always effective. Sometimes the cell phone user wishes to comply with the request but forgets to turn off the phone, and sometimes the cell phone user ignores the request. Therefore, it is desirable for the operator of a restaurant, theater, or other space to obtain control over cellular units within their space. 
     Major initiatives have been taken by various entities, including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), to push forward universal mobile systems, called third generation or 3G mobile systems. Standards for third generation wireless include W-CDMA and IMT-2000, which is a standard adopted by the ITU. IMT-2000 encompasses a variety of mobile or fixed terminals (cellular phone units) that can provide phone service, web access, video teleconferencing, and other services. The mobile terminals are linked by one or more radio links to various telecommunications services and networks (e.g. PSTN/ISDN/IP) and other services. Information about IMT-2000 is available from various sources, including www.itu.org, www.3gpp.org, and www.3gpp2.org. 
     An overall architecture for a wireless IP network architecture based on various protocols has been described in the Internet Engineering Task Force&#39;s  Wireless IP Network Architecture based on IETF Protocols  (Tom Hiller, ed.), IETF TR45.6 Ballot (Feb. 4, 2000), which is hereby incorporated by reference. This document describes the packet data services to be provided, and sets forth the packet data system architecture for a third generation wireless system based on IMT-2000. The described system is designed to have general capabilities that match those outlined in the ITU IMT-2000 requirements document Q.1701. IETF protocols are employed wherever possible to minimize the number of new protocols required. 
     An example wireless IP network architecture is shown in  FIG. 1A . A user uses mobile station  10  to connect to Radio Network  20  (also called a Radio Access Network, or “RAN”) via an air interface, and through the Radio Network  20 , gains access to a service provider network. Only one service provider network may be accessed by the mobile station  10  at a time, and the service provider network may be the user&#39;s home access provider or if the user is roaming, the visited access provider network. Existing air interface procedures are used for access mobility management, including interactions with Visitor Location Registers (VLR)  32  and Home Location Registers (HLR)  34 . The HLR  34  stores access service profiles that contain information about access service parameters, which are cached in the VLR  32  while the mobile station  10  is registered in the service provider access network. An open interface, known as the R-P interface, is defined between the Radio Network  20  and the Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN)  30 . The PDSN  30  interacts with the local or visited AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) server  36  and with other servers using IP protocols within the IP Network  38 . 
     An example Radio Network  20  is shown in  FIG. 1B . It can include multiple base stations  21  that communicate with a switching center  22 , or other central facility, and can for example be a CDMA2000 RAN. Each of the base stations  21  covers a geographic area as known in the art of cellular communications. A mobile station  10 , which can be a cellular telephone device/personal communication device/mobile terminal, can receive communications from, and transmit communication to, a base station  21 . 
     The coming availability of third generation mobile terminals with their multifunction capabilities and enhanced ease of roaming will increase the presence of such multifunction personal communications devices in everyday life. The attendant intrusions into shared spaces will also increase annoyances such as those caused by cell phones ringing, video teleconferences occurring, the web being surfed, games being played over the web, etc. 
     Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a way to restrict use of third generation mobile terminals, including those with cell phone capability, in designated spaces. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In an IP-based cellular wireless communication system, embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for spatially controlling cellular phone usage. Entry of a cellular phone device into an area of restricted phone access (“quiet zone”) is detected and an IP message identifying the phone sent to a central facility. In one embodiment, an IP message is sent to the phone causing it to change behavior, for example turning off the volume on the ringer. Alternatively, the central facility can process an incoming call for a phone that is determined to be in a quiet zone to reduce intrusion in the quiet zone; for example, it can send the call to a phone mailbox or give the caller a busy signal. 
     In one embodiment, an IP message that includes information about whether a cellular phone device is in an area of restricted service access is received at a central facility. The message includes an identifier associated with the cellular phone device. Data associated with the cellular phone device is updated. The data can include a table of hushed phones maintained at the central facility, or can include a status associated with the cellular phone in a Home Location Register (HLR) or Visitor Location Register (VLR). In one embodiment, the central facility then sends an IP message that can include a hushing command, to the cellular phone device. 
     In one embodiment, when a call for a cellular phone device is received at the central facility, it is determined whether the cellular phone device is in an area of restricted service access (quiet zone). If not, the call is processed. If the cellular phone device is in an area of restricted service, the call is processed including special quiet zone processing. The special quiet zone processing can include sending the call to a phone mailbox or giving a busy signal to the caller. 
     In one embodiment, a method of operating a quiet zone controller in an IP based cellular system is provided. A cellular phone device is detected entering an area, the cellular phone device being serviced by a service provider control point, and sends an IP message to the service provider control point, the IP message including an identifier associated with the cellular phone device. In an embodiment, the cellular phone device is monitored. When it is determined that the cellular phone device has left the area, a second IP message is sent to a service provider control point. In an embodiment, a list of cellular phone devices in the area can be maintained locally if desired. In an embodiment, an IP message is sent to the cellular phone device that includes notification that the cellular phone device has entered a quiet zone. 
     In an embodiment, a cellular phone device that is capable of varying its behavior in response to a hushing message is provided. The hushing message includes IP packets. In one embodiment, the phone goes into a quiet mode in response to the hushing message. In an embodiment, the hushing message can include an HTTP web page that includes selectable buttons. The cellular phone device changes its behavior according to a set of selectable buttons that is selected by an operator of the cellular phone device. 
     In one embodiment, an apparatus for spatially controlling cellular phone access in an IP based wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a processing system and a memory storing code for operating said processing system. The code includes code that receives an IP message at a central facility, the message including information about whether a cellular phone device is in an area of restricted service access and an identifier associated with the cellular phone device; and code that updates data associated with the cellular phone device in response to receiving the IP message. 
     In one embodiment, a computer program product for spatially controlling cellular phone access in an IP-based cellular wireless communication system is provided. The computer program product comprises computer code that receives an IP message at a central facility, the message including information about whether a cellular phone device is in an area of restricted service access and an identifier associated with the cellular phone device; computer code that updates data associated with the cellular phone device in response to receiving the IP message; and a computer readable medium that stores the computer code. 
     In yet another embodiment a computer program product for operating a quiet zone controller in an IP-based cellular wireless communication system is provided. The computer program product comprises computer code that detects a cellular phone device entering an area, the cellular phone device being serviced by a service provider control point; computer code that sends an IP message to the service provider control point, the IP message including an identifier associated with the cellular phone device; and a computer readable medium that stores the computer code. 
     The cellular phone device can be a third generation mobile terminal or other IP capable communication device, including IP capable cellular phones. 
     A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the inventions herein may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the attached drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is a simplified model of the packet data system architecture for a third generation wireless system based on IMT-2000. 
         FIG. 1B  is a diagram of an example radio access network. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a system block diagram of an example computer system that can be utilized to execute the software of an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a sample wireless multi-function communication device with phone capability. 
         FIG. 4  is a top level flow chart describing the process of providing a quiet zone service. 
         FIG. 5  is a process flow diagram of an overview of maintaining a quiet zone in a preferred embodiment. 
         FIG. 6A  is a process flow diagram of hushing a phone. 
         FIG. 6B  is a top level diagram of entering/exiting hush mode. 
         FIGS. 7A-C  are process flow diagrams of maintaining information about phones in a quiet zone and updating the status of a phone. 
         FIGS. 8A-C  are process flow diagrams of processing a call at a central facility and determining whether a phone is in a quiet zone. 
         FIG. 9  is a process flow diagram of processing a call with simultaneous updating of a phone status. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to specific processing systems and methods. However, embodiments of the invention can be implemented in various ways. For example, aspects of the invention can be implemented in software or hardware or using special purpose processors or by any other known mechanism. Therefore, the description of the embodiments that follows is for purposes of illustration and not limitation. 
       FIG. 2  shows a system block diagram of a computer system  200  that can be used to execute software implementing a portion of a method of an embodiment of the invention. For example the computer system  200  can run software used in a quiet zone controller  340  (described below) or can run software at switching center  22 . Computer system  200  can include subsystems such as a central processor  251 , system memory  253 , fixed storage  255  (e.g., hard drive), removable storage  257  (e.g., CD-ROM drive), and network interface  265 . 
     System memory  253 , fixed storage  255 , and removable storage  257  can be utilized to store and retrieve software programs incorporating computer code that implements the invention, data for use with the invention, and the like. Although CD-ROM  15  is shown as an exemplary computer readable storage medium, other computer readable storage media including floppy disk, tape, flash memory, system memory, and hard drive can be utilized. Additionally, a data signal embodied in a carrier wave (e.g., in a network including the Internet) can be the computer readable storage medium. 
     The system bus architecture of computer system  200  is represented by arrows  267 . However, these arrows are illustrative of any interconnection scheme serving to link the subsystems. For example, a local bus could be utilized to connect the central processor to the system memory and display adapter. Computer system  200  shown in  FIG. 2  is but an example of a computer system suitable for use with the invention. Other computer architectures having different configurations of subsystems including additional or fewer subsystems can also be utilized. 
       FIG. 3A  shows an embodiment of the invention. A venue  300 , for example a movie theater or restaurant, can accommodate human patrons  320 . One or more patrons  320  can have a mobile communication device  330 , with IP capability, such as a cellular phone device with IP capability or a third generation cellular device with web access, phone, and video teleconferencing capability. The device  330  can communicate with the telephone system or Internet or other service provider through a radio access network, such as the setup shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     In a preferred embodiment a quiet zone controller  340  communicates through the radio access network with one or more services. The quiet zone controller monitors an area of interest in the venue for the presence of mobile communication devices. This can be done by monitoring transmission in the area, for example, monitoring autonomous registration information. (As known in the art, a phone on being turned on tunes into the overhead signal sent by the system and registers with the mobile telephone switching office (MTSO), which records location information in the HLR database (or VLR database if the phone is roaming). The system periodically, e.g. every 5-15 minutes, requests the phone to re-identify itself, and if the phone is turned on it responds by transmitting identification information, which can include its electronic serial number (ESN) and mobile identification number (MIN); this process is called “autonomous registration”. Using autonomous registration, the system can monitor approximately where the phone is in the network, which allows it to limit the number of cells/base stations to be contacted to reach the phone.) 
     The quiet zone controller preferably communicates with a central facility, such as switching facility  22  by transmitting messages to a base station  21  that relays the message to the switching facility  22 , but any known method of communication can be used. The central facility can be any entity that controls access to the base stations or routes calls, and can be a facility that is analogous to the Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) or Mobile Switching Center (MSC) in second generation systems. 
     In an alternative structure according to the present invention, quiet zone controller  340  is associated with a particular cell that has been set up inside a building to assure cellphone coverage within the building or at a high subscriber density location. This makes it easier to intercept registration information. 
       FIG. 3B  is an illustration of an example mobile communication device  390  that has phone, web access, email, and videoconference capability. The mobile communication device  390  preferably has the ability to be electronically switched to different modes of operation, for example to a mode where the phone vibrates instead of rings. 
       FIG. 4  is a top level process flow diagram of providing a quiet zone service. At a step  410  a quiet zone subscriber account is created. The subscriber account can include information such as billing address and payment plan as well as details of the quiet zone such as hours of operation, e.g. for a theater it might be desired for the quiet zone to be active only during a performance. It can also include the physical parameters of the quiet zone, e.g. the latitude and longitude of endpoints of line segments making up a quiet zone. The physical parameters of the quiet zone can be used if it is desired that whether a phone is in a quiet zone be determined by using GPS to locate a phone having a GPS transmitter, in which case whether the phone is in a quiet zone can be determined by comparing the phone&#39;s location with one or more parameters of the quiet zone, and a quiet zone controller  340  need not be deployed in the quiet zone. Preferably a portion of the quiet zone subscriber account information is available at the central facility/switching center  22  that communicates with the base station  21  whose geographic coverage includes the quiet zone. 
     At a step  420  phone calls to phones in a quiet zone are blocked or otherwise processed to reduce disruption to a quiet zone, as described below. At a step  430  revenue is collected from the quiet zone subscriber. 
       FIG. 5  is a process flow diagram of an overview of maintaining a quiet zone in a preferred embodiment. A quiet zone controller monitors the quiet zone for cellular devices at a step  510 . At a step  520  the quiet zone controller keeps the switching center  22  informed of what cellular devices are in the quiet zone. This can be done by informing the switching center  22  whenever a new cellular device is detected in the quiet zone and whenever a cellular device is determined to have left the quiet zone. Any known methods can be used to determine whether a device has left the quiet zone; for example, the device can be deemed to have left the quiet zone after a preset period of time has passed without detecting a signal, such as autonomous registration, from the phone. Note that if a phone has been turned off, it is acceptable to deem it as having left the quiet zone, as it will not function when off. The central facility enforces the quiet zone at a step  530 , as described below. 
     One method of enforcing the quiet zone is to put the phones in the quiet zone into a quiet mode. The quiet mode of a cellular device can include for example turning the power off, setting a ringer volume to zero, or switching from a ring mode to a vibrate mode.  FIG. 6A  shows a process flow diagram of enforcing a quiet zone by changing the mode of operation of the cellular device. At a step  610 , a central facility receives an IP message that includes information that a phone has entered a quiet zone. An identifier that identifies the phone is included in the message. The identifier for example can be the phone&#39;s mobile identification number (MIN), or the ESN or both. Preferably the message also identifies the quiet zone. The central facility preferably is a switching center. Preferably the IP message is one that has been sent by a quiet zone controller and has been relayed through the radio access network to the central facility. At a step  620 , the central facility sends a hushing command to the phone, preferably by sending an IP message the base station, which relays it to the phone. The hushing command causes the phone to go into a quiet mode and can be configurable, for example it can be a command for the phone to turn itself off. 
       FIG. 6B  is a top level diagram of entering/exiting hush mode. At a step  630  a hush packet is received. At a step  640  a hush mode is entered. In a preferred embodiment, the user is able to configure his phone&#39;s hush mode. For example, the user can use a web application that offers a selection of selectable options to configure hush mode to have the phone vibrate and not ring; alternatively or additionally there can be a physical switch on the phone that can be manually moved to select how the phone will respond when in hush mode, e.g. with three settings on the switch: send message to mailbox, give a busy signal, or vibrate. 
     At a step  650  the phone operates in hush mode. At a decision step  660 , it is decided whether an anti-hush packet has been received. If an anti-hush packet has not been received, the phone continues to operate in hush mode. If an anti-hush packet has been received, the phone exits hush mode at a step  670 . In a preferred embodiment, exiting hush mode includes returning to the mode of operation the phone was in prior to receiving a hush packet. In an alternate embodiment, exiting hush mode can include resetting the phone to a default setting. Also, hush mode may be exited automatically upon movement to a different cell. 
     It should be noted that according to the present invention, a quiet mode or hush mode may be required in a given zone for reasons other than preventing audible disturbance to those in the vicinity. For example, the quiet zone may be defined so that phones in the zone will have their transmitters turned off for the purpose of preventing RF interference to sensitive devices. This embodiment will provide protection in hospitals, airplanes, and other areas where cellphone transmitters should be kept off for safety reasons. 
     An alternative way of enforcing a quiet zone is to keep track of which phones are in quiet zones, and process calls for these phones in a way that minimizes disturbances in the quiet zone. A process flow diagram for maintaining information about phones in quiet zones is shown in  FIG. 7A . An IP message including an identifier associated with a phone is received at a central facility, which preferably is a switching center  22 , at a step  710 . Preferably the IP message is sent by a quiet zone controller  340  in a quiet zone, and the phone has been detected in the quiet zone. At a step  720  the status of the phone is updated at the central facility. The status of the phone can be updated by adding the identifier of the phone to a list of hushed phones (phones in quiet zones), as shown in step  750  in  FIG. 7B . Alternatively, a hush status field can be maintained in the visitor location register (VLR) or home location register (HLR) of the phone as shown in step  751  of  FIG. 7C . The value of the field can be varied depending on parameters associated with the quiet zone the phone is in. For example, in some quiet zones the phone may be completely disabled (no incoming or outgoing calls), whereas in other quiet zones partial services can be maintained (for example, outgoing calls only are allowed, or only emergency calls are allowed such as 911 calls or operator breakthroughs). 
     A process flow diagram for processing calls is shown in  FIG. 8A . At a step  810  an incoming call for a phone is received at a central facility. At a decision step  820  it is determined whether the phone is in a quiet zone. If the phone is not in a quiet zone, the process proceeds along a NO path to a step  830  where the call is processed using standard procedures. If result of decision step  820  is that the phone is in a quiet zone, the process proceeds to a step  840  where the call is processed using a hush, or quiet zone, procedure. The quiet zone procedure can include for example giving the caller a busy signal or sending the caller to a voice mailbox. 
       FIGS. 8B and 8C  show two ways for it to be determined whether the phone is in a quiet zone. A list of phones that are in quiet zones can be checked for the phone as shown in step  851  of  FIG. 8B . Alternatively, a hush status can be checked in the visitor location register (if the phone is visiting/roaming) or the home location register of the phone, as shown in step  852  of  FIG. 8C . 
       FIG. 9  shows an alternative method of processing a call that includes simultaneous updating of the quiet zone information. At a step  910  a call for a phone is received at a central facility. At a step  920  it is checked whether the phone is in a quiet zone, either by checking a list or by checking a status field in a VLR or HLR. If the phone&#39;s status is hushed, the call is processed as a quiet zone call. If the phone is not hushed, then base stations are commanded to page the phone at a step  940 . An ACK will be received from the phone via a base station as known in the art at a step  950 . The process waits for a preset period of time to pass at a step  960 . If a quiet zone update for the phone has not been received by the central facility after the preset period of time has passed, the call is processed with standard processing. If, before the expiration of the preset period, a quiet zone update for the phone is received by the central facility indicating the phone is in a quiet zone, the call is processed as a quiet zone call as described with regard to  FIG. 8 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, the quiet zone controller need not communicate with a central facility, but can merely send an IP message to phones detected in the quiet zone. The IP message can, for example be a request to the phone user to turn the phone off, or it can be a message with a selectable buttons that can be selected by the user to change the mode of the phone, for example to turn the ringer off. 
     While the above is a complete description of preferred embodiments of the invention, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents can be used. It should be evident that the invention is equally applicable by making appropriate modifications to the embodiments described above. For example, the flowcharts are exemplary embodiments but steps may be added, deleted, combined, and reordered without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention that is defined by the metes and bounds of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents. 
     For example, referring to  FIG. 9 , steps  920 - 930  can be eliminated, and the quiet zone controller can be programmed to always send an update when it detects an ACK being sent by a phone in the quiet zone. Or, an IP message can be sent to a phone in a quiet zone with selectable buttons allowing the user to change mode of the phone or additionally or alternatively to select the processing of calls, for example the user can choose to send all calls to a mailbox, give a busy signal, turn the phone off etc. 
     The foregoing describes embodiments of an invention that can provide control over IP cellular telephones in certain zones. The features over which control is exerted are configurable.