Patent Publication Number: US-2023158574-A1

Title: Processing machine

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a processing machine. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     For example, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2017-189843 (PTL 1) discloses a processing machine including a subtractive-manufacturing head, an additive-manufacturing head connected to the subtractive-manufacturing head, and a cable supplying material powder and a laser beam to the additive-manufacturing head. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     PTL 1: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2017-189843 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     In the processing machine disclosed in PTL 1 described above, tire additive-manufacturing head is mounted on the subtractive-manufacturing head (tool spindle) during the additive manufacturing for a workpiece, so that the additive-manufacturing head moves integrally with the subtractive-manufacturing head within a processing area. In the processing machine having such the configuration, because the additive-manufacturing bead is not directly connected to a splash guard defining and forming the processing area, a cable forming a supply path of the material powder and the laser beam is required to be connected to the additive-manufacturing head and to be drawn from an inside of the processing area to an outside. 
     However, depending on a drawing direction of the cable from the inside to the outside of the processing area, an overall length of the cable extending in the processing area becomes longer as the additive-manufacturing head moves in the processing area. In this case, there is some possibility of greatly deflecting the cable in the processing area by its own weight. 
     An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a processing machine that prevents generation of the deflection in a line body for supplying the material powder and the laser beam to the additive-manufacturing head in the processing area. 
     Solution to Problem 
     A processing machine according to the present invention is a processing machine capable of performing additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing for a workpiece. The processing machine includes a splash guard that defines and forms a processing area, a tool spindle that holds the rotating tool for the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece and is movable inside the processing area in an axial direction of a first axis parallel to a horizontal direction and an axial direction of a second axis parallel to the horizontal direction and orthogonal to the first axis, an additive-manufacturing head that is connected to the tool spindle, discharges material powder to the workpiece, and irradiates the workpiece with a laser beam, and a line body that extends from the additive-manufacturing head, is drawn from the inside to the outside of the processing area, and supplies the material powder and the laser beam to the additive-manufacturing head. A maximum movement amount of the tool spindle in the axial direction of the second axis is shorter than a maximum movement amount of the tool spindle in the axial direction of the first axis. The drawing direction of the line body from the inside to the outside of the processing area is a direction intersecting the axial direction of the first axis in top view. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, while the drawing direction of the line body from the inside to the outside of the processing area is the direction intersecting the axial direction of the first axis in top view, the maximum movement amount of the tool spindle in the axial direction of the second axis orthogonal to the first axis is shorter than the maximum movement amount of the tool spindle, in the axial direction of the first axis, for this reason, even when the additive-manufacturing head is moved in the axial direction of the second axis together with the tool spindle, a total length of the line body extending in the processing area can be shortened as compared with the configuration in which the drawing direction of the line body is parallel to the axial direction of the first axis in top view. Thus, generation of deflection in the line body in the processing area can be prevented 
     Preferably, the drawing direction of the line body from the inside to the outside of the processing area is a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the first axis in top view. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, when the additive-manufacturing head is moved in the axial direction of the second axis together with the tool spindle, the overall length of the line body extending in the processing area can be further shortened. 
     Preferably, the processing machine further includes a workpiece spindle that holds the workpiece and rotates the workpiece about a rotation axis parallel to the first axis. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the drawing direction of the line body from the inside to the outside of the processing area is the direction intersecting with the axial direction of the rotation axis of the workpiece in the workpiece spindle, so that a path of the line body in the processing area can be moved away from the workpiece spindle or the workpiece held by the workpiece spindle. Accordingly, interference between the line body and the workpiece spindle or the workpiece held by the workpiece spindle can be prevented. 
     Preferably, the processing machine further includes a support that supports the line body outside the processing area and is movable in the axial direction of the first axis. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the support that supports the line body outside the processing area can be moved in the axial direction of the first axis together with the additive-manufacturing head that moves in the axial direction of the first axis inside the processing area. Accordingly, an excessive load can be prevented from being applied to the line body between the inside and the outside of the processing area. 
     Preferably, the processing machine further includes a first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism that are provided apart from each other in the axial direction of the second axis and guide the support along the axial direction of the first axis. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the support can be smoothly moved in the axial direction of the first axis by the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism. 
     Preferably, the additive-manufacturing head is detachably provided with respect to the tool spindle. The processing machine further includes a coupling mechanism that is operable between a first state in which the tool spindle and the support are coupled to each other by the coupling mechanism when the additive-manufacturing head is mounted on the tool spindle and the additive manufacturing for the workpiece is performed, and a second state in which the coupling between the tool spindle and the support is released when the additive-manufacturing head is removed from the tool spindle and the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece is performed. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the tool spindle and the support are coupled by the coupling mechanism during the additive manufacturing for the workpiece, so that the support can be moved integrally with the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head in the axial direction of the first axis with a simple configuration. Furthermore, when the coupling between the tool spindle and the support is released by the coupling mechanism during the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece, the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece can be performed by the tool spindle separated from the support and the additive-manufacturing head. 
     Preferably, the processing machine further includes a tension applying mechanism that is mounted on the support and applies tension to the line body in a direction away from the additive-manufacturing head. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, by applying the tension to the line body by the tension applying mechanism, the generation of the deflection of the line body in the processing area can be more effectively prevented. 
     Preferably, the tool spindle is further movable in an axial direction of a third axis parallel to the vertical direction. The processing machine further includes a first guide member that is connected to the additive-manufacturing head so as to be able to revolve about a first revolving axis parallel to the first axis, is connected to the support so as to be able to revolve about a second revolving axis parallel to the first axis, and guides the line body between the additive-manufacturing head and the support. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, when the additive-manufacturing head moves in a second axis-third axis plane, the first guide member revolves about the first revolving axis with respect to the additive-manufacturing head and revolves about the second revolving axis with respect to the support. Accordingly, a routing path of the line body between the additive-manufacturing head and the support smoothly changes in accordance with the movement of the additive-manufacturing head, so that application of an excessive load to the line body can be prevented. 
     Preferably, the first guide member has an expansion and contraction mechanism that expands and contracts such that the distance between the first revolving axis and the second revolving axis changes. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, when the additive-manufacturing bead moves in the second axis-third axis plane, the expansion and contraction mechanism of the first guide member expands and contracts such that the distance between the first revolving axis and the second revolving axis changes. Accordingly, application of an excessive load to the line body can be more effectively prevented. 
     Preferably, the tool spindle is turnable about a turning axis parallel to the axial direction of the second axis. The processing machine further includes a second guide member that is provided between the additive-manufacturing head and the first guide member on a path on which the line body is routed and that guides the line body extending from the additive-manufacturing head along a circumferential direction of the turning axis. The second guide member revolves relative to the tool spindle about the turning axis so as to maintain a posture of the turning axis in a circumferential direction during the turning of the tool spindle. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the routing path of the line body extending along the circumferential direction of the turning axis is kept constant even when the tool spindle turns, so that the application of the excessive load to the line body can be prevented. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the processing machine that prevents the generation of the deflection in the line body for supplying the material powder and the laser beam to the additive-manufacturing head in the processing area can be prevented. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a front view illustrating a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view illustrating attachment and detachment of a tool spindle and an additive-manufacturing head in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a perspective view illustrating a structure supplying a laser beam and a material powder to the additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is another perspective view illustrating the structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to the additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  5    is still another perspective view illustrating the structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to the additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  6    is a front view schematically illustrating a process of a processing flow of a workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  7    is a front view schematically illustrating a next process of the processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  8    is a front view schematically illustrating a further next process of the processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  9    is a top view partially illustrating the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  10    is a perspective view illustrating a maximum movement amount of the tool spindle in a processing area. 
         FIG.  11    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XI in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  12    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XII in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  13    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIII in  FIG  5   . 
         FIG.  14    is a perspective view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIV in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  15    is a front view illustrating the processing machine in  FIG.  14   . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT 
     An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the same or corresponding member is denoted by the same reference numeral. 
       FIG.  1    is a front view illustrating a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG.  1   , an inside of the processing machine is illustrated by seeing through a cover body having an appearance of the processing machine.  FIG.  2    is a perspective view illustrating attachment and detachment of a tool spindle and an additive-manufacturing head in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , a processing machine  100  is an AM/SM hybrid processing machine capable of performing additive manufacturing (AM) processing for a workpiece and subtractive manufacturing (SM) processing for a workpiece. Processing machine  100  has a turning function using a stationary tool and a milling function using a rotating tool as a function of SM processing. 
     Processing machine  100  is a numerically control (NC) processing machine in which various operations for workpiece processing are automated by numerical control of a computer. 
     In the present specification, an axis parallel to a left-right direction (width direction) of processing machine  100  and extending in a horizontal direction is referred to as a “Z-axis (first axis)”, an axis parallel to a front-rear direction (depth direction) of processing machine  100  and extending in the horizontal direction is referred to as a “Y-axis (second taxis)”, and an axis extending in a vertical direction is referred to as an “X-axis”. A right direction in  FIG.  1    is referred to as “+Z-axis direction”, and a left direction is referred to as “−X-axis direction”. In  FIG.  1   , a front direction of a paper surface is referred to as a “+Y-axis direction”, and a back direction is referred to as a “−Y-axis direction”. In  FIG.  1   , an upward direction is referred to as a “+X-axis direction”, and a downward direction is referred to as a “−X-axis direction”. The X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are three axes orthogonal to each other. 
     First, an overall structure of processing machine  100  will be described. Processing machine  100  includes a splash guard  181 . Splash guard  181  defines and forms a processing area  110  where the workpiece is processed. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a bed  151 , a first workpiece spindle  111 , a second workpiece spindle  116 , and a tool rest (not illustrated). 
     Bed  151  is a base member supporting first workpiece spindle  111 , second workpiece spindle  116 , the tool rest, and the like, and is installed on an installation surface of a factory or the like. 
     First workpiece spindle  111  and second workpiece spindle  116  are disposed opposite to each other in the Z-axis direction. First workpiece spindle  111  and second workpiece spindle  116  are configured to be able to hold the workpiece. A chuck mechanism (not illustrated) detachably holding the workpiece is provided in first workpiece spindle  111  and second workpiece spindle  116 . First workpiece spindle  111  mainly rotates the held workpiece about a rotation axis  501  parallel to the Z-axis during turning of the workpiece using a fixed tool. Second workpiece spindle  116  mainly rotates the held workpiece about a rotation axis  502  parallel to the Z-axis during the turning of the workpiece using the fixed tool. 
     First workpiece spindle  111  is fixed to bed  151 . Second workpiece spindle  116  is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various teed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like. Second workpiece spindle  116  may be configured to be fixed to bed  151 . A tailstock supporting the rotation center of the workpiece held by first workpiece spindle  111  may be provided instead of second workpiece spindle  116 . 
     The tool rest (not illustrated) is provided in processing area  110 . The tool rest is configured to be able to bold a plurality of fixing tools for workpiece subtractive manufacturing (turning). The tool rest is supported by bed  151  with a saddle or the like (not illustrated) interposed therebetween. The tool rest is provided movable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided in the saddle or the like. The tool rest may have a milling function for rotating the rotating tool. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a first longitudinal frame  152 , a second longitudinal frame  153 , a first transverse frame  154 , and a second transverse frame  311  (see  FIG.  3    described later). 
     First longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  have a columnar shape in which the X-axis direction (vertical direction) is a longer direction. First longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  are presided apart from each other in the Z-axis direction. Lower ends of first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  are connected to bed  151 . 
     First transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  have a beam shape in which the Z-axis direction (left-right direction) is the longer direction. First transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  are made of a pipe member having a rectangular closed section. 
     First transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  are provided apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. First transverse frame  154  is provided at a position shifted in the +Y-axis direction from second transverse frame  311 . Both ends of first transverse frame  154  in the Z-axis direction are connected to upper ends of first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153 , respectively. Both ends of second transverse frame  311  in the Z-axis direction arc connected to upper ends of first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153 , respectively. 
     First longitudinal frame  152 , second longitudinal frame  153 , first transverse frame  154 , and second transverse frame  311  form a gate-shaped frame structure on bed  151 . 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a saddle  161 , a cross slide  162 , and a ram  163 . 
     Saddle  161  is supported by bed  151 . Saddle  161  is provided on bed  151  and between first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  in the Z-axis direction. Saddle  161  has a shape rising upward from bed  151  toward first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311 . Saddle  161  is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on bed  151  and the like. 
     Cross slide  162  is supported by saddle  161 . Cross slide  162  has a fiat plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane as a whole. Cross slide  162  is attached to a from surface of saddle  161  facing the +Y-axis direction. Cross slide  162  is provided to be movable in the X-axis direction (vertical direction) by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on saddle  161  and the like. 
     Ram  163  is supported by cross slide  162 . Ram  163  has a cylindrical shape extending along the Y-axis direction as a whole. Ram  163  is provided so as to penetrate cross slide  162  and to protrude into processing area  110  in the Y-axis direction. Ram  163  is provided movably in the Y-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on cross slide  162  and the like. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a tool spindle  121 . Tool spindle  121  is provided in processing area  110 . Tool spindle  121  is configured to be able to hold the rotating tool for workpiece subtractive manufacturing (milling). Tool spindle  121  is provided with a clamp mechanism (not illustrated) detachably holding the rotating tool. Tool spindle  121  rotates the held rotating tool about a rotation axis  503  parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane during the milling of the workpiece using the rotating tool. 
     Tool spindle  121  is supported by ram  163 . Tool spindle  121  is connected to a tip of rant  163  in the +Y-axis direction. Tool spindle  121  is three-dimensionally movable in processing area  110  by the movement of saddle  161  in the Z-axis direction, the movement of cross slide  162  in the X-axis direction, and the movement of ram  163  in the Y-axis direction. 
     Tool spindle  121  is further provided so as to be turnable about a aiming axis  504  parallel to the Y-axis (B-axis turning). A turning range of tool spindle  121  is preferably within a range greater than or equal to with respect to a reference posture (posture in  FIGS.  1  and  2   ) in which a spindle end face  122  of tool spindle  121  faces downward. As an example, the turning range of tool spindle  121  is a range of ±120° with respect to the reference posture. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes an automatic tool changer (ATC)  141  and a tool magazine  171 . 
     Tool magazine  171  accommodates a plurality of rotating tools T used for milling the workpiece. Tool magazine  171  is provided outside processing area  110 . Tool magazine  171  is provided on the opposite side of processing area  110  across first workpiece spindle  111  (first longitudinal frame  152 ). First workpiece spindle  111  (first longitudinal frame  152 ) is disposed between tool magazine  171  and processing area  110  in the Z-axis direction. 
     Automatic tool changer  141  is configured to be able to exchange tools between tool spindle  121  in processing area  110  and tool magazine  171  outside processing area  110 . 
     Automatic tool changer  141  is supported by first transverse frame  154 . Automatic tool changer  141  is movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on first transverse frame  154  and the like. 
     More specifically, a rack  156  and a rail  155  are provided in first transverse frame  154 . Rack  156  and rail  155  extend in the Z-axis direction. The range in which rack  156  and rail  155  extend in the Z-axis direction includes the range of processing area  110  in the Z-axis direction. A pinion (not illustrated) that engages with rack  156  is provided in automatic tool changer  141 . A slider (not illustrated) slidable in the Z-axis direction while being engaged with rail  155  is provided in automatic tool changer  141 . 
     When the pinion receiving the rotation from the servo motor rotates in the forward direction or the reverse direction, automatic tool changer  141  moves in the +Z-axis direction or the −Z-axis direction. Automatic tool changer  141  is movable between the inside and the outside of processing area  110 . 
     Automatic tool changer  141  is movable between a standby position (position of automatic tool changer  141  in  FIG.  1   ) that is located outside processing area  110  and above first workpiece spindle  111  and at which automatic tool changer  141  waits, an internal-side tool changing position that is located inside processing area  110  and at an arbitrary coordinate in the Z-axis direction and at which automatic tool changer  141  performs tool change with tool spindle  121 , and a magazine-side tool changing position that is located outside processing area  110  and on an opposite side of the internal-side tool changing position with the standby position interposed therebetween and at which automatic tool changer  141  performs tool replacement with tool magazine  171 . 
     Automatic tool changer  141  includes a lifting arm  143  and a double arm  144 . Lifting arm  143  extends in an arm shape such that the X-axis direction (vertical direction) is the longer direction. Lifting arm  143  can lift and lower in the X-axis direction. 
     Double arm  144  extends in an arm shape, and includes gripping portions capable of gripping tools at both ends thereof. The double arm  144  is turnable about a turning axis  505  parallel to the Z-axis and is slidable in the axial direction of turning axis  505 . Automatic tool changer  141  performs tool replacement by lifting and lowering lifting arm  143  and turning and sliding double arm  144  at each of the internal-side tool changing position and the magazine-side tool changing position. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes additive-manufacturing head  131 . Additive-manufacturing head  131  performs additive manufacturing (directed energy deposition) by ejecting the material powder and irradiating the workpiece with laser beam. Metal powder such as stainless steel, Stellite, Inconel, or titanium can be used as the material powder. The material powder is not limited to the metal powder. 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  includes a head body  132  and a laser tool  133 . The laser beam and the material powder are introduced into head body  132 . Laser tool  133  emits the laser beam toward the workpiece and determines an irradiation region of the laser beam on the workpiece. The material powder introduced into additive-manufacturing head  131  is discharged toward the workpiece through a nozzle (not illustrated). 
     Processing machine  100  includes a plurality of laser tools  133 . The plurality of laser tools  133  are different in the shape and/or a size of the irradiation region of the laser beam defined on the workpiece. Any one of the plurality of laser tools  133  is selectively mounted on head body  132  in accordance with a condition of the additive manufacturing to be executed. 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  further includes a disk portion  136 . Disk portion  136  has a disk shape in which a thickness direction is the Y-axis direction. Disk portion  136  is connected to head body  132 . Disk portion  136  is provided at a position bent at a right angle from the front end portion of head body  132  in the +Y-axis direction. Tool spindle  121  includes a front surface portion  124  and a side surface portion  123 . Front surface portion  124  faces the +Y-axis direction. Side surface portion  123  faces the +Z-axis direction in the reference posture of tool spindle  121 . 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  is detachably attached to tool spindle  121  Additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121  such that head body  132  is opposite to side surface portion  123  and such that disk portion  136  is opposite to front surface portion  124 . 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  (disk portion  136 ) and the tool spindle (front surface portion  124 ) have a built-in clamp mechanism using spring force or the like. When additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121 , the clamp mechanism operates to connect additive-manufacturing head  131  to tool spindle  121 . Additive-manufacturing head  131  is connected to tool spindle  121  to be integrally movable with tool spindle  121  in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. 
       FIGS.  3  to  5    are perspective views illustrating a structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  to  5   , processing machine  100  further includes a material powder supply device  341 , a laser oscillation device  342 , and a line body  210 . 
     Material powder supply device  341  and laser oscillation device  342  are installed outside processing area  110 . Material powder supply device  341  feeds the material powder used for the additive manufacturing toward additive-manufacturing head  131  Laser oscillation device  342  oscillates the laser beam used for the additive manufacturing. 
     Line body  210  supplies the material powder from material powder supply device  341  to additive-manufacturing head  131 , and supplies the laser beam from laser oscillation device  342  to additive-manufacturing head  131 . Line body  210  extends from additive-manufacturing head  131 . Line body  210  is drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area  110 , and connected to material powder supply device  341  and laser oscillation device  342 . 
     Line body  210  has flexibility, and can be bent and deformed when receiving external force. Line body  210  includes an optical fiber guiding the laser beam, a pipe guiding the material powder, an air pipe serving as a flow path of air, a gas pipe. Serving as a flow path of an inert gas. a cooling pipe serving as a flow path of a refrigerant, electric wiring, and a flexible tube  211  accommodating these. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a support  221 . Support  221  supports line body  210  drawn from processing area  110  outside processing area  110 . Support  221  is provided above additive-manufacturing head  131 . Support  221  is supported by first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311 . 
     Support  221  is guided along the Z-axis direction by various guide mechanisms provided in first transverse frame  154  and the like. Support  221  is detachably attached to saddle  161 . Support  221  is connected to saddle  161  to move integrally with saddle  161  in the Z-axis direction. 
     Furthermore, support  221  is independently movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, servomotors. fend the like provided in first transverse frame  154  and the like (self-traveling mechanism). A pinion (not illustrated) that engages with a rack  156  provided on first, transverse frame  154  is provided in support  221 . The pinion that receives the rotation from the servo motor rotates in the forward direction or the reverse direction while the connection of support  221  to saddle  161  is released, so that support  221  moves in the +Z-axis direction or the −Z-axis direction. 
     In such the configuration, automatic tool changer  141  and support  221  share the guide mechanism (rail  155 ) and the feed mechanism (rack  156 ) that enable the movement in the Z-axis direction. 
     The structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to additive-manufacturing head  131  will be described in detail later. 
       FIGS.  6  to  8    are from views schematically illustrating a processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6  to  8   , processing machine  100  further includes a laser tool storage portion  191  and a head storage portion  192 . Laser tool storage portion  191  is configured to be able to store a plurality of laser tools  133 . Head storage portion  192  is configured to be able to store additive-manufacturing head  131  separated from tool spindle  121  during subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece. 
     Laser tool storage portion  191  and head storage portion  192  are provided outside processing area  110 . Laser tool storage portion  191  is provided between first workpiece spindle  111  and the standby position of automatic tool changer  141  in the X-axis direction (vertical direction). Head storage portion  192  is provided above second workpiece spindle  116 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  6   , during the additive manufacturing for a workpiece W, additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121 . When tool spindle  121  moves in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, additive-manufacturing head  131  also moves in processing area  110  integrally with tool spindle  121 . Thus, the processing position of the additive manufacturing by additive-manufacturing head  131  is three-dimensionally displaced. Furthermore, when tool spindle  121  turns about turning axis  504 , additive-manufacturing head  131  also turns about turning axis  504  integrally with tool spindle  121 . Thus, the direction of the additive manufacturing by additive-manufacturing head  131  (the irradiation direction of the laser beam with respect to the workpiece) can be freely changed. 
     When additive-manufacturing head  131  is moved to the position opposite to laser tool storage portion  191  in the Z-axis direction, laser tool  133  mounted on additive-manufacturing head  131  can be replaced with another laser tool  133  stored in the laser tool storage portion  101 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , when the subtractive manufacturing for workpiece W is performed subsequent to the additive manufacturing for workpiece W, the connection between tool spindle  121  and additive-manufacturing head  131  is released, and the connection between support  221  and saddle  161  is also released. Additive-manufacturing head  131  integrated with support  221  is moved from the inside of processing area  110  to head storage portion  192  outside processing area  110  by the self-traveling mechanism provided in support  221 . 
     On the other hand, tool spindle  121  from which additive-manufacturing head  131  is separated is turned by 90° about turning axis  504  from the reference posture Automatic tool changer  141  is moved from the standby position to the internal-side tool changing position in processing area  110 . A tool Ta gripped by double arm  144  in automatic tool changer  141  is mounted on tool spindle  121  by automatic tool changer  141 . When automatic tool changer  141  is moved from the internal-side tool changing position to the standby position, the mounting of the tool to tool spindle  121  is completed. 
     The internal-side tool changing position is appropriately set such that a movement amount of tool spindle  121  from the position of tool spindle  121  to the internal-side tool changing position at the start of tool change is shortened. The internal-side tool changing position set in this way may be selected from any coordinate in the Z-axis direction, or selected from a plurality of coordinate candidates in the Z-axis direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  8   , during the subtractive manufacturing for workpiece W, the workpiece is milled by tool Ta held by tool spindle  121  while additive-manufacturing head  131  is stored in head storage portion  192 . 
     During this time, automatic tool changer  141  is moved from the standby position to the magazine-side tool changing position, and tool Tb stored in tool magazine  171  at the magazine-side tool changing position is moved to automatic tool changer  141 . Automatic tool changer  141  holding tool Tb is moved from the magazine-side tool changing position to the standby position to prepare for the next tool change in tool spindle  121 . 
     The structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to additive-manufacturing head  131  will be described in more detail below. 
       FIG.  9    is a top view partially illustrating the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  9   , splash guard  181  includes a slide cover  351 . 
     As a whole, slide cover  351  has a flat plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane. Slide cover  351  is disposed on the back side of processing area  110  (the end of processing area  110  in the −Y-axis direction). Ram  163  penetrates slide cover  351  front the outside of processing area  110  and enters processing area  110  in the Y-axis direction. Slide cover  351  is slidably deformable in accordance with the movement of ram  163  in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. 
     A line body insertion hole  352  is made in slide cover  351 . Line body insertion hole  352  is a through-hole penetrating slide cover  351  in the Y-axis direction. Line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) is inserted into line body insertion hole  352  from the inside of processing area  110  to be drawn out of processing area  110 . 
     The drawing direction of line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is a direction intersecting the Z-axis direction in top view. 
     The drawing direction of line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) front the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction in top view. The drawing direction of line body  2101  flexible tube  211 ) from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is the −Y-axis direction in top view. Line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) is inserted into line body insertion hole  352  while extending in the −Y-axis direction in top view. 
       FIG.  10    is a perspective view illustrating a maximum movement amount of the tool spindle in the processing area. Referring to  FIG.  10   , a maximum movement amount Ymax of tool spindle  121  in the Y-axis direction is smaller than a maximum movement amount Zmax of tool spindle  121  in the Z-axis direction (Ymax&lt;Zmax). A maximum movement amount Xmax of tool spindle  121  in the X-axis direction is shorter than maximum movement amount Zmax of tool spindle  121  in the Z-axis direction (Xmax&lt;Zmax). Maximum movement amount Ymax of tool spindle  121  in the Y-axis direction may be larger than or equal to maximum movement amount Xmax of tool spindle  121  in the X-axis direction, or may be smaller than maximum movement amount Xmax of tool spindle  121  in the X-axis direction. 
     For example, maximum movement amount Zmax of tool spindle  121  in the Z-axis direction may be greater than or equal to 4000 mm. 
     In such the configuration, when line body  210  extending front additive-manufacturing head  131  is drawn to the outside of processing area  110  while extending in the +Z-axis direction in top view, the total length of line body  210  extending in processing area  110  becomes considerably long along with the movement of tool spindle  121  and additive-manufacturing head  131  in the −Z-axis direction .In this case, there is a concern that line body  210  in processing area  110  is greatly bent by its own weight. In addition, there is a concern that line body  210  interferes with the workpiece held by second workpiece spindle  116  when line body  210  is greatly bent in processing area  110 , or there is a concern that line body  210  interferes with second workpiece spindle  116  itself when second workpiece spindle  116  is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9  and  10   , in processing machine  100  of the embodiment, the drawing direction of line body  210  from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is the Y-axis direction (−Y-axis direction) in top view, and maximum movement amount Ymax of tool spindle  121  in the Y-axis direction is shorter than maximum movement amount Zmax of tool spindle  121  in the Z-axis direction. With such the configuration, even when additive-manufacturing head  131  moves in the Y-axis direction together with tool spindle  121 , the total length of line body  210  extending in processing area  110  can be prevented to be short. Thus, the interference between line body  210  and second workpiece spindle  116  or the workpiece field by second workpiece spindle  116  can be prevented while the deflection of line body  210  in processing area  110  is prevented. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  to  5  and  9   , support  221  includes a base  331 , a pulley portion  332 , and a coil spring (elastic member)  333 . 
     Base  331  is provided on first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311 . Base  331  is provided across first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  in top view. Line body  210  drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is routed on base  331 . Line body  210  routed on base  331  is inserted into cable bear (registered trademark) (not illustrated) that can stroke in the Z-axis direction, and then extends toward material powder supply device  341  and laser oscillation device  342 . 
     Pulley portion  332  is supported by base  331 . Pulley portion  332  is provided so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis  526  parallel to the X-axis direction (vertical direction) and to be slidable in the Y-axis direction. 
     One end of coil spring  333  is connected to pulley portion  332 . The other end of coil spring  333  is connected to base  331  with a bracket  334  interposed therebetween. Coil spring  333  applies elastic force in the −Y-axis direction to pulley portion  332 . Coil spring  333  applies the elastic force in the direction away from processing area  110  in top view to pulley portion  332 . 
     Flexible tube  211  is made of a flexible tube. Flexible tube  211  extends between the inside and the outside of processing area  110 . One end  211   p  of flexible tube  211  is disposed inside processing area  110 . The other end  211   q  of flexible tube  211  is disposed outside processing area  110 . 
     Flexible tube  211  drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  through line body insertion hole  352  extends in the −Y-axis direction on base  331 . Flexible tube  211  is wound around pulley portion  332 , is inverted by 180°, and extends in the +Y-axis direction. The other end  211   q  of flexible tube  211  is fixed to base  331  at the tip of flexible tube  211  extending in the +Y-axis direction. 
     Pulley portion  332  and coil spring  333  constitute a tension applying mechanism  335 . Tension applying mechanism  335  applies tension in the direction away from additive-manufacturing head  131  in processing area  110  to line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ). Tension applying mechanism  335  applies tensile force from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  to line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ). 
     According to such the configuration, the deflection of line body  210  in processing area  110  can be more effectively prevented. When pulley portion  332  slides in the Y-axis direction, the length of line body  210  in processing area  111  can be automatically adjusted in accordance with the position of additive-manufacturing head  131 . 
     The elastic member constituting tension applying mechanism  335  is not particularly limited, and for example, a gas spring may be used instead of coil spring  333 . 
       FIG.  11    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XI in  FIG.  3   .  FIG.  12    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XII in  FIG.  3   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  to  5 ,  11  and  12   , processing machine  100  further includes a first guide mechanism  370  and a second guide mechanism  360 . First guide mechanism  370  and second guide mechanism  360  guide support  221  along the Z-axis direction. First guide mechanism  370  and second guide mechanism  360  are provided apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  3 ,  4   . and  11 , support  221  further includes a block  336 . Block  336  is fixed to base  331 . Block  336  is opposite to first transverse frame  154  in the Y-axis direction. 
     First guide mechanism  370  includes rail  155  and a slider  372 . First guide mechanism  370  includes two sets of rails  155  and sliders  372 . Rail  155  is attached to first transverse frame  154 . Rail  155  extends in the Z-axis direction. Slider  372  is attached to block  336 . Slider  372  is engaged with rail  155  with a plurality of balls (not illustrated) interposed therebetween. Slider  372  and rail  155  constitute a linear guide mechanism in the Z-axis direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  3  to  5  and  12   , second guide mechanism  360  is provided at a position away from first guide mechanism  370  in the −Y-axis direction. Second guide mechanism  360  includes a rail  312  a pair of first rollers  361 ,  362 , and a pair of second rollers  363 ,  364 . Second guide mechanism  360  includes two sets of the pair of first rollers  361 ,  362  and the pair of second toilers  363 ,  364 . 
     Rail  312  is attached to second transverse frame  311 . Rail  312  extends in the Z-axis direction. The pair of first rollers  361 ,  362  and the pair of second rollers  363 ,  364  are supported by base  331 . 
     First roller  361  and first roller  362  are provided so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis  531  and a rotation axis  532  parallel to the X-axis direction, respectively. First roller  361  and first roller  362  sandwich rail  312  from both sides in the Y-axis direction. Second roller  363  and second roller  364  are rotatably supported about a rotation axis  533  and a rotation axis  534  parallel to the Y-axis direction, respectively. Second roller  363  and second roller  364  sandwich rail  312  from both sides in the X-axis direction. 
     According to such the configuration, support  221  is guided by first guide mechanism  370  and second guide mechanism  360  at positions separated from each other in the Y-axis direction, so that support  221  can be smoothly moved in the Z-axis direction. 
       FIG.  13    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIII in  FIG.  5   . Referring to  FIGS.  5  and  13   , processing machine  100  further includes a coupling mechanism  380 . 
     Coupling mechanism  380  is operable between a first state of coupling tool spindle  121  and support  221  when additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121  to perform the additive manufacturing for the workpiece and a second state of releasing the coupling between tool spindle  121  and support  221  when additive-manufacturing head  131  is removed from tool spindle  121  and the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece is performed. 
     Coupling mechanism  380  includes an air cylinder  382  and a block  381 . Block  381  is attached to saddle  161 . A pin insertion hole  386  is made in block  381 . Pin insertion hole  386  extends in the Y-axis direction and opens toward the +Y-axis direction. 
     Air cylinder  382  is attached to support  221 . Air cylinder  382  includes a pin  384 . Pin  384  is movable forward and backward in the Y-axis direction by driving air cylinder  382 . When pin  384  is inserted into pin insertion hole  386 , the first state in which tool spindle  121  and support  221  are coupled to each other is obtained. When pin  384  is pulled out of pin insertion hole  386 , the second state in which the coupling between tool spindle  121  and support  221  is released is obtained. 
     According to such the configuration, during the additive manufacturing for the workpiece, tool spindle  121  and support  221  are coupled by coupling mechanism  380 , so that support  221  is moved in the Z-axis direction integrally with tool spindle  121  and additive-manufacturing head  131 . Accordingly, the structure moving support  221  in the Z-axis direction in synchronization with tool spindle  121  and additive-manufacturing head  131  can be implemented by a simple configuration. Furthermore, when the coupling between tool spindle  121  and support  221  is released by coupling mechanism  380  during the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece, the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece can be performed by tool spindle  121  separated from support  221  and additive-manufacturing head  131 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  4   , processing machine  100  further includes a first guide member  320 . First guide member  320  guides line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) between additive-manufacturing head  131  and support  221 . First guide member  320  is connected to additive-manufacturing head  131  so as to be able to revolve about a first revolving axis  522  parallel to the Z-axis. First guide member  320  is connected to support  221  so as to be able to revolve about a second revolving axis  521  parallel to the Z-axis. 
     First guide member  320  extends obliquely downward (+Y-axis direction and −X-axis direction) from support  221  toward a second guide member  325  described later. First guide member  320  is connected to second guide member  325  in first revolving axis  522 , and connected to base  331  in the second revolving axis  521 . When first guide member  320  revolves about first revolving axis  522  and second revolving axis  521 , an inclination of first guide member  320  changes. 
     The first guide member  320  includes a linear guide portion  321  and a plurality of cover bodies  323 . 
     Linear guide portion  321  extends linearly between first revolving axis  522  and second revolving axis  521 . Linear guide portion  321  is provided so as to support line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) fed from support  221  toward second guide member  325  from below. Linear guide portion  321  is provided as an expansion and contraction mechanism that expands and contracts such that the distance between first revolving axis  522  and second revolving axis  521  changes. Linear guide portion  321  has a multistage structure of a plurality of linear guides combined so as to be extendable, in a direction from first revolving axis  522  toward second revolving axis  521 . 
     The plurality of cover bodies  323  are attached to linear guide portion  321 . The plurality of cover bodies  323  are arranged at intervals in the direction from first revolving axis  522  toward second revolving axis  521 . Cover body  323  is provided so as to cover flexible tube  211  supported by linear guide portion  321  from the outer periphery thereof. Flexible rube  211  is supported by first guide member  320  so as to be slidable along a guiding direction (a direction connecting first revolving axis  522  and second revolving axis  521 ) by first guide member  320 . 
     According to such the configuration, when additive-manufacturing head  131  moves in the Y-axis-X-axis plane, first guide member  320  revolves about first revolving axis  522  and second revolving axis  521 , and linear guide portion  321  extends and contracts. As a result, a routing path of line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) between second guide member  325  and support  221  smoothly changes in accordance with the movement of additive-manufacturing head  131 , so that line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) can be smoothly drawn without applying an excessive load. 
       FIG.  14    is a perspective view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIV in  FIG.  3   .  FIG.  15    is a front view illustrating the processing machine in  FIG.  14   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  14  and  15   , processing machine  100  further includes second guide member  325 . Second guide member  325  is provided between additive-manufacturing head  131  and first guide member  320  on the path on which line body  210  is routed. Second guide member  325  guides line body  210  extending from additive-manufacturing head  131  along the circumferential direction of turning axis  504 . 
     Second guide member  325  revolves relative to tool spindle  121  about turning axis  504  so as to maintain the posture of second guide member  325  in the circumferential direction of turning axis  304  when tool spindle  121  turns. 
     Disk portion  136  is disposed between second guide member  325  and tool spindle  121  in the Y-axis direction (the axial direction of turning axis  504 ). Second guide member  325  is supported by disk portion  136  in additive-manufacturing head  131 . Second guide member  325  is relatively resolvable about turning axis  504  with respect to disk portion  136 . 
     Second guide member  325  has an outer peripheral wall  326 . Outer peripheral wall  326  forms a wall shape extending along the circumferential direction of turning axis  504 . 
     An inner peripheral wail  327  is connected to disk portion  136 . Inner peripheral wall  327  forms a wall shape protruding in the +Y-axis direction from disk portion  136  and extending along the circumferential direction of turning axis  504 . Inner peripheral wall  327  is disposed on the inner peripheral side of outer peripheral wall  326 . A space extending in the circumferential direction of turning axis  504  is provided between inner peripheral w all  327  and outer peripheral wall  326 , and line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) is disposed in the space. 
     When tool spindle  121  turns, inner peripheral wall  327  turns about turning axis  504  together with disk portion  136  integrated with tool spindle  121 . On the other hand, because first guide member  320  is connected to second guide member  325 , second guide member  325  revolves relative to tool spindle  121  (disk portion  136 ) about turning axis  504  so as to maintain the posture of second guide member  325  in the circumferential direction of turning axis  504 . 
     At this point, line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) slides in the circumferential direction of turning axis  504  in the space between inner peripheral wall  327  and outer peripheral wall  326 , whereby the relative positional relationship between one end  211   p  of flexible tube  211  and head body  132  is maintained. Thus, the routing path of line body  210  around turning axis  504  is maintained, so that the application of the excessive load to line body  210  accompanying the B-axis turning of tool spindle  121  can be prevented. 
     When the structure of processing machine  100  of the embodiment of the present invention described above is summarized, processing machine  100  of the embodiment is the processing machine capable of performing the additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece. Processing machine  100  includes splash guard  181  that defines and forms processing area  110 , tool spindle  121  that holds the rotating tool for the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece and is movable inside processing area  110  in the axial direction of the Z-axis as the first axis parallel to the horizontal direction and the axial direction of the Y-axis as the second axis parallel to the horizontal direction and orthogonal to the Z-axis. additive-manufacturing head  131  that is connected to tool spindle  121  and discharges the material powder to the workpiece and emits the laser beam, and line body  210  that extends from additive-manufacturing head  131 , is drawn front the inside of processing area  110  to the outside, and supplies the material powder and the laser beam to additive-manufacturing head  131 . The maximum movement amount of tool spindle  121  in the axial direction of the Y-axis is shorter than the maximum movement amount of tool spindle  121  in the axial direct) on of the Z-axis. The drawing direction of line body  210  from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is a direction intersecting the axial direction of the Z-axis in top view. 
     According to processing machine  100  of the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the generation of deflection in line body  210  supplying the material powder and the laser beam to additive-manufacturing head  131  can be prevented in processing area  110 . 
     In the embodiment, the case where the AM/SM hybrid processing machine is configured based on the combined processing machine having the turning function and the milling function has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to such the configuration, and for example, the AM/SM hybrid processing machine may be configured based on a machining center having the milling function. 
     It should be considered that the disclosed embodiment is an example in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by not the description above, but the claims, and it is intended that all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are included in the present invention. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present invention is mainly applied to an AM/SM hybrid processing machine capable of performing the additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       100 : processing machine,  110 : processing area,  111  first workpiece spindle,  116 : second workpiece spindle,  121 : tool spindle,  122 : spindle end face,  123 : side surface portion,  124 : front surface portion,  131 : additive-manufacturing head,  132 : head body,  133 : laser tool,  136 : disk portion,  141 : automatic tool changer,  143 : lifting arm,  144 : double arm,  151 : bed,  152 : first longitudinal frame,  153 : second longitudinal frame,  154 : first transverse frame,  155 ,  312 : rail,  156 : rack,  161 : saddle,  162 : cross slide,  163 : ram,  171 : tool magazine,  181 : splash guard,  101 : laser tool storage portion,  192 : head storage portion,  210 : line body,  211 : flexible tube,  211   p:  one end,  211   q:  the other end,  221 : support,  311 : second transverse frame,  320 : first guide member,  321 : linear guide,  323 : cover body,  325 : second guide member,  326 : outer peripheral wall,  327 : inner peripheral wall,  331 : base,  332 : pulley portion,  333 : coil spring,  334 : bracket,  335 : tension applying mechanism,  336 ,  381 : block;  341 : material powder supply device,  342 : laser oscillation device,  351 : slide cover,  352 : line body insertion hole,  360 : second guide mechanism,  361 ,  362 : first roller,  363 ,  364 : second roller,  370 : first guide mechanism,  372 : slider,  380 : coupling mechanism,  382 : air cylinder,  386 : pin insertion hole,  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  526 ,  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534 : rotation axis,  504 ,  505 : turning axis,  521 : second revolving axis,  522 : first revolving axis.