Patent Publication Number: US-2022229350-A1

Title: Holding device for a camera

Description:
The invention relates to a holding and moving device for a useful load, in particular a camera, which enables dynamic weight balancing. 
     There are many different camera holding devices which hold and move the camera when filming. A problem is that previous camera moving devices are restricted in their freedom of movement, and thus camera cranes move the camera only on the outside surface of a ball for example. Other camera cranes provide additional freedom of movement. However, the problem here is that the dynamic equilibrium is not independent of the position of the movement arm. In particular, if the medium height position of the useful load and/or the counterweight is departed from when pivoting, an imbalance can be caused by disproportional inherent weights. Such solutions provide equilibrium only in an approximately central position in which the position of the camera and balance weight are aligned to be approximately horizontal. Positions with a greater deflection of the camera in vertical direction or divergences close to the base point can therefore not be approached without a loss of equilibrium. 
     Such a suspension device is disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,963 A, which enables a user to perform camera movements without having to continually support the weight of the camera. The device comprises a yoke which is mounted rotatably on a base provided with wheels for rotation about a vertical axis. A primary lever arm with a first and a second end and a central section is arranged pivotably on the yoke to form a rotation point. A secondary arm has a first end, which is secured pivotably at the second end of the primary lever arm, and a second end which has a holder for the camera. A balance weight arm has a first end, which is secured pivotably to the first end of the primary lever arm. To ensure the equilibrium, the device comprises a chain drive mechanism, which responds to the pivoting of the secondary arm about the second end of the primary lever arm in a first direction, in order to pivot the balance weight arm about the first end of the primary lever arm in a second direction. Furthermore, the device comprises a chain drive mechanism for keeping the camera level relative to the base, when the secondary arm is pivoted about the second end of the primary lever arm. 
     The problem with this arrangement is that no dynamic weight balancing is provided. As soon as the camera leaves an approximate position at a central height, the balance weight can no longer balance the camera weight with sufficient precision and there is an imbalance, so that the weight of the camera still has to be supported by the user. 
     EP 2391571 B1 discloses an articulated extension arm for moving a load, wherein the extension arm is mounted on a base and the extension arm comprises a first arm, which is pivotably connected to the base, wherein the first arm functions as a bascule and is pivotable about a first axis, and a second arm, which is connected pivotably to the first arm, wherein the second extension arm is pivotable about a second axis, wherein the first and the second arm each comprise two parallel frame bars, wherein each of the frame bars of the first arm is pivotably connected to the base and are spaced apart from one another by an elbow spacer at one of the said elbow ends of the first arm adjacent to the second arm and by at least one central mounting plate, which is pivotably connected to the first arm between the elbow end and an opposite distal end, and wherein the frame bars of the first arm are connected to the two parallel frame bars of the second arm, in order to form a parallelogram linking mechanism at the elbow end. Furthermore, the articulated extension arm comprises a lever arm, which is pivotably connected to the central mounting plane at its lower end in order to have a fixed distance from the central mounting pate, a connecting rod connecting the lever arm to the second arm, a first balance weight, which is arranged at the distal end of the first arm and a second balance weight, which is arranged at an upper end of the lever arm. Also in this arrangement the equilibrium is only provided in an approximate central position of the camera. A dynamic equilibrium is not achieved. 
     The objective of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-use holding device with an uncomplicated construction, which enables a dynamic and precise weight balancing for different useful loads, such as cameras. In particular, the objective of the present invention is to provide a holding and moving device, which enables almost perfect dynamic balancing. Dynamic balancing can be understood as balancing that is independent of the position of the individual pivot arms and during movement, even without a useful load. Thus, free positioning of the useful load can be possible at any location of the achievable spatial volume without the useful load having to be supported by the user. This objective is achieved by a holding and moving device according to claim  1 ,  2  or  3 . Further features of the invention are given in the subclaims. 
     According to a first aspect the holding and moving device according to the invention for a useful load, in particular a camera, comprises a support foot, a bearing arm, which is secured pivotably to the support foot, so that a useful load side section (e.g. a useful load side end region) and a weight-side section (e.g. a weight-side end region) are formed (for example protrude beyond the fastening), a first pivot arm, which is connected on the useful load side to the useful load side section of the bearing arm and to which a useful load, in particular a camera, and/or a holding device for a useful load can be attached or is attached, and a second pivot arm, which is connected on the weight side to the weight-side section of the bearing arm and can be attached or is attached to the at least one balance weight, wherein the bearing arm, the first pivot arm and the second pivot arm are connected to one another such that the alignment of the first and the second pivot arm are essentially parallel to one another in each position, wherein the centre of gravity of the weight side, the centre of gravity of the useful load side and the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot are essentially in a straight line. 
     According to a second aspect the holding and moving device according to the invention for a useful load comprises a support foot, a bearing arm, which is secured pivotably to the support foot, so that a useful load section and a weight-side section are formed, a first pivot arm, which is connected on the useful load side to the useful load side section of the bearing arm and to which a useful load and/or a holding device for a useful load can be attached or is attached, and a second pivot arm, which is connected on the weight side to the weight-side section of the bearing arm and to which at least one balance weight can be attached or is attached, wherein the bearing arm, the first pivot arm and the second pivot arm are connected to one another such that the orientation of the first and of the second pivot arm are essentially parallel to one another in each position, wherein the ratio of the distance of the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm to the fastening point of the useful load or the holding device on the first pivot arm to the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm is essentially equal to the ratio of the distance of the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm to the centre of gravity and/or attachment point of the balance weight on the second pivot arm to the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm. 
     According to a third aspect the holding and moving device according to the invention for a useful load comprises a support foot, a bearing arm, which is secured pivotably to the support foot, so that a useful load side section and a weight-side section are formed, a first pivot arm, which is connected on the useful load side to the useful load side section of the bearing arm and to which a useful load and/or a holding device for a useful load can be attached or is attached, and a second pivot arm, which is connected on the weight side to the weight-side section of the bearing arm and to which at least one balance weight can be attached or is attached, wherein the bearing arm, the first pivot arm and the second pivot arm are connected to one another such that the orientation of the first and of the second pivot arm are essentially parallel to one another in each position, wherein the weight-side second pivot arm and/or the weight-side bearing arm section are configured such that the weight of the useful load side first pivot arm and/or of the useful load side bearing arm section is balanced in each position of the holding and moving device. 
     The ratio of the distance of the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm to the fastening point of the useful load or the holding device on the first pivot arm to the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm can be essentially equal to the ratio of the distance of the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm to the centre of gravity and/or attachment point of the balance weight on the second pivot arm to the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm. 
     The weight-side second pivot arm and/or the weight-side bearing arm section can be designed such that the weight of the useful load side first pivot arms and/or of the useful load side bearing arm section is balanced, in particular in each position of the holding and moving device. 
     The centre of gravity (e.g. overall centre of gravity) of the weight side, the centre of gravity (e.g. overall centre of gravity) of the useful load side and the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot can be essentially in a straight line. 
     The orientation can be defined in general by a connecting line between two points, in particular imaginary and/or straight, such as articulated axes or connecting points, of the respective element. The orientation can be defined by the central axis or longitudinal axis of the respective element, All geometric references, alignments, distances, lengths and/or positions can be seen as defined in a two-dimensional view, such as a side view, of the holding and moving device. The orientation of the first pivot arm can be defined by an, in particular straight, connecting line between the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm, in particular on the useful load side section, and the fastening point of the useful load or the holding device on the first pivot arm. The orientation of the useful load side section of the bearing arm can be defined by an, in particular straight, connecting line between the fastening point of the bearing arm, in particular of the useful load side section, on the support foot and the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm, in particular on the useful load side section. The orientation of the second pivot arm can be defined by an, in particular straight, connecting line between the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm, in particular on the weight-side section, and the centre of gravity and/or attachment point of the balance weight, in particular of the balance weight for the useful load, on the second pivot arm. The orientation of the weight-side section of the bearing arm can be defined by an, in particular straight, connecting line between the fastening point of the bearing arm, in particular of the weight-side section, on the support foot and the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm, in particular on the weight-side section. The points, connecting points, fastening points and/or attachment points can be defined by articulation points and/or axes of rotation. The axes of rotation can be perpendicular to a two-dimensional view, such as a side view, of the holding and moving device. The bearing arm, the first pivot arm and/or the second pivot arm can be designed to be geometrically and/or structurally different. The holding and moving device can be arranged to be vertical. The support foot can be arranged to be vertical. The support foot can be anchored in the ground or in the ceiling. The support foot can be arranged on a movement device, for example a trolley or the like. The support foot can be arranged on a tripod, such as a camera tripod. The bearing arm, the first pivot arm and the second pivot arm can essentially define and/or form a Z shape. The formed Z shape can be aligned or oriented to be essentially vertical. The formed Z shape can extend essentially in a vertical plane or be aligned in therein. 
     The distance of the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm to the fastening point of the useful load or the holding device on the first pivot arm and the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm can be essentially of equal length. The first pivot arm and the useful load side section of the bearing arm can be essentially of equal length. The distance of the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm to the fastening point of the useful load or the holding device on the first pivot arm can be greater or smaller than the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the first pivot arm on the bearing arm. The length of the first pivot arm can be greater or smaller than the length of the useful load side section of the bearing arm. 
     The distance of the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm to the centre of gravity and/or attachment point of the balance weight on the second pivot arm and the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm can be essentially of equal length. The second pivot arm and the weight-side section of the bearing arm can be essentially of equal length. The distance of the connecting point of the second pivot arm on the bearing arm to the centre of gravity and/or attachment point of the balance weight on the second pivot arm can be greater or smaller than the distance of the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot to the connecting point of the second pivot arm ( 40 ) on the bearing arm ( 20 ). The length of the second pivot arm can be greater or smaller than the length of the weight-side section of the bearing arm. 
     The useful load can be a camera, e.g. for photography and/or video recording. The holding and moving device can be a camera holding and moving device. The orientation of the first and the orientation of the second pivot arm can be parallel to one another in each position. The overall centre of gravity of the weight side, the overall centre of gravity of the useful load side and the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot can be essentially in a straight line, preferably in each position of the holding and movement device. Generally, the centre of gravity or overall centre of gravity can comprise or be formed or defined by both the inherent weight of the respective pivot arm, the inherent weight of the respective useful load or weight-side section of the bearing arm, the respective balance weight or balance weights, the inherent weight of the holding device for the useful load and/or the useful load (e.g. camera). The centre of gravity or overall centre of gravity of the weight side can comprise or be formed or defined by the inherent weight of the weight-side second pivot arm, the inherent weight of the weight-side section of the bearing arm and/or at least one weight-side balance weight. The centre of gravity or overall centre of gravity of the useful load side can comprise or be formed or defined by the inherent weight of the useful load side first pivot arm, the inherent weight of the useful load side section of the bearing arm, the inherent weight of the holding device for the useful load and/or the inherent weight of the useful load. Preferably, the useful load can have its centre of gravity, such as its inherent centre of gravity, in the fastening point of the useful load on the first pivot arm. The centre of gravity or inherent centre of gravity of the useful load can be formed, arranged, mounted and/or defined, even with a vertical and/or horizontal deflection or attachment of the useful load, at the fastening point of the useful load on the first pivot arm. Due to the fact that the centres of gravity are in straight line and/or the inherent loads of the structure are taken into account, it is ensured that an almost perfect dynamic balancing of the holding device is provided, i.e. balancing which is independent of the position of the individual pivot arms and during the movement of the holding device. An optimal balance can be achieved in particular when the inherent loads of the holding and moving device and/or the useful load is/are balanced for example by a balance weight or by balance weights. Thus a free positioning of the useful load/camera at each location of the achievable room volume is possible without the useful load/camera having to be supported by the user. It is also possible achieve extreme positions such as far upwards, far outwards and far downwards. The weight side is the side, which is arranged in relation to the connecting point of the bearing arm with the support foot on the side of the balance weight. The useful load side is the side, which is arranged accordingly on the side of the useful load. The useful load is in particular a camera, but also a light, a photographic device or similar devices can be used as a useful load. A useful load can also be a medical device or instrument. 
     The second pivot arm can also comprise a holding device for a balance weight for the useful load/camera. The second pivot arm can comprise a holding device for a balance weight for the useful load side first pivot arm and/or the useful load side bearing arm section. The second pivot arm can comprise at least one balance weight which is predetermined according to the useful load/camera. The balance weight predetermined according to the useful load/camera can be secured in a variable position along the second pivot arm. The second pivot arm can comprise at least one balance weight predetermined according to the inherent weight of the useful load side first pivot arm and/or of the useful load side bearing arm section. A balance weight can be formed by the structure of the bearing arm, in particular the weight-side section of the bearing arm, and/or the second pivot arm. A balance weight to be attached can be replaced by the structure of the corresponding arm or section, which corresponds in weight and/or position of the inherent centre of gravity to the sum and/or result of the component-inherent weight with its centre of gravity and the calculated or predetermined balance weight with its centre of gravity. By means of the weight balancing, which is performed either by such a predefined structural design of the bearing and pivot arms together with the variable camera/useful load balance weight or by the movable weight, the dynamic balancing can be achieved in a simple way. The bearing arm and/or the pivot arms can be designed as multiple parts, for example in two parts, however they can be constructed to be stationary and secure against rotation, so that the respective arm/element always moves as a whole. 
     Preferably, the support foot can be fixed in relation to the respective pivot arm on a first longitudinal side (e.g. a first end) of the, in particular multipart, i.e. two-part bearing arm. The first and the second pivot arm can be secured on the respective opposite longitudinal side (e.g. at the opposite ends) of the bearing arm. In this way it can be avoided that the moving space of the pivot arms overlaps with the support foot. This can then be the case in particular, if the bearing arm is formed by a plurality of elements, for example two elements, and the weight-side section of the bearing arm is formed relative to the support foot on the opposite side as the useful load section of the bearing arm. Then also the two pivot arms do not interfere with one another in movement. 
     The orientation of the holding device for the useful load and/or the holding device for the balance weight for the useful load can be controlled in such a way that it balances the movement of the pivot arms. This can be achieved in particular by a separate mechanical, hydraulic or electromechanical control. In this way, it is possible to avoid unsteady shots when pivoting the camera. Furthermore, the useful load can always maintain the same orientation regardless of the rotation/pivoting of the pivot arms. This can be helpful for example when guiding the useful load, e.g. camera guiding, and when attaching and using the useful load or different useful loads. 
     The centre of gravity and/or holding point/suspension point for the useful load/camera and/or for the holding device for the useful load/camera, the centre of gravity and/or holding point for the balance weight for the useful load/camera and the fastening point of the bearing arm on the support foot can be or are arranged essentially in a straight line preferably in each position of the holding and moving device. The centre of gravity of the first pivot arm, the centre of gravity of the second pivot arm and the connecting point of the bearing arm on the support foot can be essentially in a straight line, preferably in each position of the holding and movement device. This can provide a simple way for the weight and useful load side weight distribution to be achieved with extreme precision. 
     The useful load/camera can preferably be attached to a lateral, horizontal and/or vertical extension arm provided for this purpose. The holding device for the useful load/camera can be designed as a lateral, horizontal and/or vertical extension arm. On a lateral and/or horizontal extension arm next to the suspension point it is less likely that the useful load/camera can collide with other components of the holding and moving device. 
     The pivot arms and/or the bearing arm can preferably be connected to each other movably via chain hoists, belts, cable hoists, electric motors and/or hydraulic rotary drives. In this way a simultaneous and mutually aligned movement of the individual elements can be ensured. 
    
    
     
       In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the figures, which show schematically and by way of example: 
         FIG. 1  an isometric representation of a holding and moving device according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  the holding and moving device from  FIG. 1  in plan view; 
         FIGS. 3 a - c    the holding and moving device from  FIG. 1  in different positions in a side view; 
         FIGS. 4 a - c    further embodiments of the holding and moving device according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  an enlarged view of a mechanical rotational connection of the bearing arm and the pivot arms; and 
         FIG. 6 a - c    schematic representations of different embodiments of the holding and moving device according to present invention with special relative dimensions. 
     
    
    
     All geometric references, orientations, distances, lengths and/or positions can be seen or defined in a two-dimensional view of the holding and moving device. In  FIGS. 3 a  to 4 c  and 6 a  to 6 c    this is the two-dimensional side view of the holding and moving device, which corresponds to the plane of the drawing. The axes of rotation of all articulation points are here always perpendicular to the two-dimensional plane of the drawing. 
       FIGS. 1 to 3   c  show an isometric representation of a first embodiment of a holding and moving device  10  of the present invention. The holding and moving device  10  generally comprises a support foot  12 , a bearing arm  20 , a first useful load side pivot arm  30  and a second weight-side pivot arm  40 . In the following description a camera is used as the useful load by way of example. 
     The support foot  12  is depicted here as rod-like. Preferably, the support foot  12  is mobile, i.e. it can be raised and/or adjusted so that the position of the holding and moving device  10  can be changed. The support foot  12  can have rollers for this purpose. The standing surface  14  is shown schematically in the figures as a cone or cylinder. Generally however also  3  or more supporting legs can be used. However also a fixed support foot can be used in the present invention, which is screwed for example to the base via a flange. At its upper end the support foot  12  is connected at a connecting point V 1  to the bearing arm  20 . The connecting point of the bearing arm  20  with the support foot  12  is preferably mounted rotatably, so that the bearing arm  20  can rotate about the support foot  12  in a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the support foot  12 , and/or can rotate in a Wane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support foot  12  and/or in which the longitudinal axis of the support foot  12  lies. 
     The connecting point V 1  of the bearing arm  20  with the support foot  12  divides the bearing arm  20  into two regions: a camera-side region K and a weight-side region a The bearing arm  20  can be designed in one piece (i.e. made as only one piece) and/or can be arranged only on one side of the support foot  12 . In the shown embodiment, the bearing arm  20  consists of multiple parts, in particular two parts. In region K and in region G respectively a separate section/element  24 ,  26  of the bearing arm  20  is provided which are connected to one another by a crossbar  22  (see  FIG. 5 ). The elements  24 ,  26  are connected to one another so that they are secure against movement, The support foot  12  supports the bearing arm  20  on the crossbar  22  such that the camera-side element/section  24  is arranged relative to the support foot  12  on the opposite side than the weight-side element/section  26 . In this way the pivot arms  30 ,  40  cannot impede one another, as they are arranged on different sides of the support foot  12 . However, it is an advantage if only the pivot arms  30 ,  40  are provided on the longitudinal side of the bearing arm  20  opposite the support foot  12 . In this way at least any hindrance to the movement of the pivot arms  30 ,  40  by the support foot  12  can be avoided. 
     The pivot arms  30 ,  40  are secured at both ends of the bearing arm  20 . The pivot arms  30 ,  40  are each attached at one of their ends rotatably to the respective end of the bearing arm  20 . The first pivot arm  30  on the camera side has at its other end a camera holding device  32  at a suspension point  31  or V 2 , by means of which a camera  36  is attached to the holding and moving device  10 . The camera holding device  32  preferably extends laterally at the end region of the pivot arm  30 , as shown in  FIG. 2 , so that the camera  36  is arranged (e.g. in a plan view) next to the pivot arm  30 . The camera  36  can also be attached below (see  FIG. 1 ) or even directly below the suspension point  31 . 
     The second pivot arm  40  is arranged on the weight side. As shown in  FIGS. 4 a -4 c   , there are different embodiments of the second pivot arm  40  and of the weight-side part  26  of the bearing arm  20  which will be described in more detail below. It is important that the first and second pivot arm  30 ,  40  are kept parallel to one another. This is achieved by a parallel mechanism, for example a chain hoist, a cable hoist or toothed belt. In  FIGS. 1 and 5  wheels  27  and chain hoist/belt  29  are shown schematically. When the camera  36  is moved forwards, backwards, upwards or downwards the first pivot arm  30  extends in the desired direction and transfers this movement to the second pivot arm  40 , which then automatically moves accordingly at the same time so that the entire holding and moving device  10  including the camera  36  remains in balance. Likewise, the orientation of the camera  36  can also be determined in this manner. This balancing can also be performed by other mechanisms, for example by providing a plurality of electric motors instead of wheels  27 , which are controlled together, or by a hydraulic system in which hydraulic drives are connected to one another and transfer the movement in a similar way to the chain drives. It is also possible that the bearing arm  20  and the pivot arms  30 ,  40  are formed by a parallel rod gear which ensures their parallelism.  FIG. 5  shows an enlarged schematic representation of the parallel mechanism, by which the pivot arms can be moved in relation to one another. The camera holding device  32  is preferably controlled such that it balances the movement of the pivot arms  30 ,  40  and the bearing arm  20 . This balancing is performed in particular by means of a separate mechanical, hydraulic or electromechanical control system similar to the systems used for the parallel mechanism of the pivot arms.  FIG. 5  shows small wheels  23  and chains/belts  25  for this purpose. This parallel mechanism is connected in particular to the support foot  12 . In the shown embodiment the connecting shafts of the parallel mechanism of the pivot arms and the mechanism for the camera compensation are arranged inside one another and are designed to be rotatable relative to one another. Thus the camera  36  can then also be held in a predetermined orientation during the movement. 
       FIGS. 4 a , 4 b  and 4 c    show three embodiments of the holding and moving device according to the present invention.  FIG. 4 a    shows an embodiment, in which the second pivot arm  40  is adapted to provide dynamic balance. Here an additional weight on the second pivot arm  40  provides a balance weight  44  for the holding and moving device  10 , so that the overall centre of gravity S 1   a  of the weight side G of the holding and moving device  10 , the connecting point V 1  of the bearing arm  20  and the support foot  12  and the overall centre of gravity S 2   a  of the camera side are essentially in a straight line in any position of the holding and moving device  10  (see dashed line in  FIG. 4 a   ). The balance weight  44  is used for balancing the construction, in particular the inherent weight of the camera-side bearing arm section  24 , the first pivot arm  30  and the camera holding device  32 . The overall centre of gravity S 1   a  of the weight side G is the result of the balance weight  44 , the inherent weight of the second pivot arm  40  and the inherent weight of the weight-side bearing arm section  26 . The overall centre of gravity S 2   a  of the camera side K is a result of the inherent weight of the camera holding device  32 . the inherent weight of the first pivot arm  30  and the inherent weight of the camera-side bearing arm section  24 . The balance weight  42  is then used to balance the weight of the camera  36 . The overall centre of gravity S 1   a  of the weight side G can additionally also comprise the balance weight  42 . The overall centre of gravity S 2   a  of the camera side K can additionally also comprise the inherent weight of the camera  36 . The overall centres of gravity S 1   a  and S 2   a  then change their position, but remain essentially in a straight line in each position of the holding and moving device  10 . Furthermore, the second pivot arm  40  further comprises a holding device for the balance weight  42  for the camera  36 . In this embodiment, the holding point V 3  for the balance weight  42 , the connecting point V 1  of the bearing arm  20  and the holding point V 2  of the camera holding device  32  are also on a essentially straight line (see dotted line in  FIG. 4 a   ). This is the case in any position of the holding and movement device  10 . The balance weight  44  can also be structurally integrated into the pivot arm  40 , so that the pivot arm  40  and the balance weight  44  are designed in one piece (for example manufactured from one piece or welded to one another).  FIGS. 3 a , 3 b  and 3 c    show the holding and moving device  10  in different extreme positions, in which the balance of the overall system is still maintained. In addition, reference is made in particular to  FIGS. 1 to 3  and the associated description, 
     The embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 b    is a more specific form of the first embodiment according to  FIG. 4 a   . Here the weight-side section  26  of the bearing arm  20  can protrude beyond the connecting point to the second pivot arm  40 . A counterweight  28  may also be attached to the weight-side section  26  of the bearing arm  20  to balance the bearing arm  20 . The balance weight  28  is thus used to balance the inherent weight of the camera-side section  24  of the bearing arm  20 . The detail in  FIG. 4 b    shows a positioning variant of the balance weight  28 . The position of the balance weights  28  can be determined according to the weight so that the weight of the camera-side section  24  of the bearing arm  20  is balanced by the weight-side section  26  of the bearing arm  20  and/or the balance weight  28 . Thus the centre of gravity of the bearing arm  20  is at connecting point V 1 . The balance weight  44  on the second pivot arm  40  is then used to balance the weight of the first pivot arm  30  and the camera holding device  32 . The balance weight  42  is used to balance the inherent weight of the camera  36 . Thus the overall centre of gravity S 1   b  of the weight side G, the bearing point V 1  of the bearing arm  20  on the support foot  12  and the overall centre of gravity S 2   b  of the camera side K are then essentially in a straight line (see dashed line in  FIG. 4 b   ). Furthermore, the overall centres of gravity S 1   b  and S 2   b  also lie on the respective pivot arms  30 ,  40 . This also remains the case when the balance weight  42  for the camera  36  is attached, in addition, the connecting point V 1  of the support foot  12  with the bearing arm  20 , the suspension point V 2  of the camera  36  and the suspension point V 3  of the camera balance weight  42  are also essentially in a straight line (see dotted line in  FIG. 4 b   ). This embodiment according to  FIG. 4 b    is simpler to calculate as the complexity of the balancing is reduced compared to the embodiment according to  FIG. 4 a   . Firstly, the bearing arm  20  is balanced, then the two parallel pivot arms  30 ,  40  and then the camera  36 . The overall centre of gravity S 1   b  of the weight side G is therefore a result of the balance weight  44  and the inherent weight of the second pivot arm  40 . The overall centre of gravity S 2   b  of the camera side K results from the inherent weight of the camera holding device  32  and the inherent weight of the first pivot arm  30 . The alignment of the holding points V 2 , V 3  and the overall centre of gravity S 1   b , S 2   b  is analogous to that of  FIG. 4 a    (see dashed and dotted lines in  FIG. 4 b   ). For further details, reference is made in particular to  FIGS. 1 to 4   a  and the associated description. 
     With the embodiments according to  FIGS. 4 a  and 4 b   , different cameras can be used with the same holding and moving device  10  and at the same time a essentially perfect balance can be maintained. Thus when changing the useful load the balance weight  42  can be easily determined and adjusted accordingly. 
       FIG. 4 c    shows a further embodiment, in which the weight balancing of the camera  32  is carried out at the same time as the weight balancing of the bearing arm  20  and the pivot arms  30 ,  40 . In this embodiment the second pivot arm  40  is able to adjust a balance weight  44 ′, shown here as a slot  48 , in which the balance weight  44 ′ can be moved along the second pivot arms  40  and fixed. Thus, a balancing of the weights can be adjusted for any camera. However, the displaceable weights also have to be adjusted to a changed camera. In principle, the displaceable balance weight  44 ′ only replaces the balance weight  44  and the camera balance weight  42  described above. The specific position and the specific weight of the displaceable balance weight  44 ′ is then selected and adjusted for each camera accordingly. The overall centre of gravity S 1   c  of the weight side G of the holding and moving device  10 , the connecting point V 1  from the bearing arm  20  and support foot  12  and the overall centre of gravity S 2   a  of the camera side K are essentially in a straight line in each position of the holding and moving device  10  (see dashed line in  FIG. 4 c   ). The overall centre of gravity S 1   c  of the weight side G is here a result of the displaceable balance weight  44 ′, the inherent weight of the second pivot arm  40  and the inherent weight of the weight-side bearing arm section  26 . The overall centre of gravity S 2   c  of the camera side K is a result of the inherent weight of the camera holding device  32 , the inherent weight of the first pivot arm  30 , the inherent weight of the camera-side bearing arm section  24  and the camera  36 . In embodiments, such as for example the embodiment according to  FIG. 4 c   , in which the inherent centre of gravity of the useful load  36  is perpendicular above or below the axis of the fastening point V 2 , the centre of gravity, as inherent centre of gravity, of the useful load  36  can be adopted and/or defined directly in the axis of the fastening point V 2 , in order to be able to perform the following calculations of the weights and distances. The centre of gravity or inherent centre of gravity of the useful load  36  can thus be defined, even with a vertical and/or horizontal deflection or attachment of the useful load  36 , in the fastening point V 2  of the useful load  36  on the first pivot arm  30 . The camera  36  is included in the embodiment according to  FIG. 4 c    in the overall centre of gravity of the camera side, because the balance weight  44 ′ also has to balance the camera  36 . In addition, reference is made in particular to  FIGS. 1 to 4   b  and the associated description. 
     The calculation of the balance weights and their positioning in the embodiments according to  FIGS. 4 a -4 c    is explained in brief in the following with reference to  FIGS. 6 a   - 6   c.    
     The definition of the individual parameters and variables for  FIGS. 6 a - c    is: 
     a inherent weight of the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm section  24 ,
 
b inherent weight of the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30 , possibly with useful load holding device/camera holding device  32 ,
 
c inherent weight of the camera  36 ,
 
d inherent weight of weight-side bearing arm section  26 ,
 
e inherent weight of the weight-side second pivot arm  40 ,
 
f inherent weight of the balance weight  42  for balancing the useful load/camera  36 ,
 
g inherent weight of the balance weight  44  for compensating the inherent loads of the movable arms, in particular the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  and/or the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm section  24 ,
 
h inherent weight of the balance weight  28  for compensating the bearing arm, in particular the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm section  24 ,
 
i inherent weight of the balance weight  44  for compensating the inherent loads of the movable arms, in particular of the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  of the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm section  24 , the useful load holding device/camera holding device  32  and/or the useful load/camera  36 ,
 
     p distance of the weight-side articulation point to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (g), and/or distance of the fastening point/connecting point of the weight-side second pivot arm  40  on the bearing arm  20  to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (g) for balancing the inherent loads of the movable arms, in particular of the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  and/or of the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm-section  24 , 
     m distance of the weight-side articulation point to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (i), and/or distance of the fastening point/connecting point of the weight-side second pivot arm  40  on the bearing arm  20  to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (i) for balancing the inherent loads of the movable arms, in particular the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  of the useful load side/camera bearing arm section  24 , the useful load holding device/camera holding device  32  and/or the useful load/camera  36 ,
 
o distance of the weight-side articulation point to the centre of gravity, such as the centre of mass, of the weight-side second pivot arm  40 , and/or distance of the fastening point/connecting point of the weight-side second pivot arm  40  on the bearing arm  20  to the centre of gravity, such as the centre of mass, of the weight-side second pivot arm  40 ,
 
s distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the centre of gravity, such as centre of mass, of the weight-side bearing arm section  26 ,
 
t distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the weight-side articulation point and/or distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the fastening point/connecting point of the weight-side second pivot arm  40  on the bearing arm  20 ,
 
r distance of the weight-side articulation point to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weights (f), and/or distance of the fastening point/connecting point of the weight-side second pivot arm  40  on the bearing arm  20  to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (f) for balancing the useful load/camera  36 ,
 
u distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the useful load side/camera-side articulation point, and/or distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point VI of the bearing arm  20 , to the fastening point/connecting point of the useful load side first pivot arm  30  on the bearing arm  20 ,
 
l distance of the useful load side/camera-side articulation point to the holding point V 2 , and/or distance of the fastening point/connecting point of the useful load side first pivot arms  30  on the bearing arm  20  to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point of the useful load/camera  36  and/or useful load holding device/camera holding device  32 ,
 
v distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the centre of gravity, such as centre of mass, of the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm section  24 ,
 
w distance of the useful load side/camera-side articulation point to the centre of gravity, such as resulting centre of mass, of the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  possibly with useful load holding device/camera holding device  32 , and/or distance of the fastening point/connecting point of the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  on the bearing arm  20  to the centre of gravity, such as centre of mass, of the useful load side/camera-side first pivot arm  30  possibly with useful load holding device/camera holding device  32 ,
 
x distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (h) and/or distance of the connecting point V 1 , such as fastening point V 1  of the bearing arm  20 , to the centre of gravity and/or fastening point/attachment point of the balance weight (h) for balancing the bearing arm  20 , in particular the useful load side/camera-side bearing arm section  24 .
 
     The configuration of the individual elements of the different embodiments can then be calculated using the following formulae: 
     For the embodiment in  FIGS. 1 to 4   a  and  6   a:    
     provided that: 
     
       
         
           
             
               l 
               u 
             
             = 
             
               r 
               t 
             
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
             f 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   l 
                 
               
               
                 r 
                 + 
                 t 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             g 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   a 
                   · 
                   v 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   d 
                   · 
                   s 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
               t 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             p 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   t 
                   · 
                   w 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   o 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
               
                 
                   a 
                   · 
                   v 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   d 
                   · 
                   s 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     For the embodiment in  FIGS. 4 b    and  6   b:    
     provided that: 
     
       
         
           
             
               l 
               u 
             
             = 
             
               r 
               t 
             
           
         
       
     
     predetermined for x: 
     
       
         
           
             h 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   v 
                   · 
                   a 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   d 
                   · 
                   s 
                 
               
               x 
             
           
         
       
     
     predetermined for h: 
     
       
         
           
             x 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   v 
                   · 
                   a 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   d 
                   · 
                   s 
                 
               
               h 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             g 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
               t 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             p 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   t 
                   · 
                   w 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   o 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
               
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             f 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   l 
                 
               
               
                 r 
                 + 
                 t 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     For the embodiment in  FIGS. 4 c  and 6 c   : 
     
       
         
           
             i 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   a 
                   · 
                   v 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   d 
                   · 
                   s 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
               t 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             m 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   t 
                   · 
                   w 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   l 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   o 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
               
               
                 
                   a 
                   · 
                   v 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   c 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   b 
                   · 
                   u 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   e 
                   · 
                   t 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   d 
                   · 
                   s 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     These formulae can be used to calculate and construct the dynamic weight balancing for the holding and moving device  10 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a further embodiment of the holding and moving device with further components of a parallelogram mechanism. Such a mechanism has further components which have to be included in the calculation formulae for the weight balancing. Such components have to be included in the inherent loads of the adjacent components. The added parts or sections  46 ,  48  for forming the parallelogram mechanism have to be taken into account and also affect the balance. The additional parallelogram rod  48  has a inherent weight and an inherent centre of gravity of force F S . F S  can thus represent the inherent weight of the parallelogram rod  48  in the inherent centre of gravity. This force or the inherent weight F S  has to be broken down into two components which represent the holding force of the rod  48  at its ends. F S  is here the sum von F 1  and F 2 . A non-central centre of gravity is to be broken down inversely directly proportional to the distances/lengths of the inherent centre of gravity to the ends. The force or the weight F 1  is then assigned to the second pivot arm  40  as a weight component at the attachment point on the component  40  and affects its inherent weight and centre of mass. Similarly, the force or the weight F 2  is added to the first pivot arm  30  as a weight component at the attachment point and affects its inherent weight and centre of mass. The extended part  46  of the second pivot arm  40  is added to this. In addition, reference is made in particular to  FIGS. 1 to 6   c  and the associated description. 
       FIG. 8  shows schematically an exemplary embodiment with off-axial inherent load centres of gravity of the movable arms. As shown above, the distances between the articulation points and the orientation of their connecting lines are essential for the basic geometric structure. The individual arms are used as structural connection of the articulation points but can be designed in any form. The calculation formulae already take into account that inherent centres of gravity of a component for example of the support arm  20  do not necessarily have to lie halfway between the ends of the component. However, they can lie on the imaginary connecting line between the articulation points. In order to allow full freedom of the design, components can also be designed with off-axis centres of gravity. In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , the centres of gravity of the components/arms, for example of the first pivot arm  30 , are located outside the connecting line between the articulation points of the respective component/arm. The distance to this line can be referred to off-axiality of the centre of gravity and is distance A a , A b , A d , A e  or A g . The force or weight acting on these off-axis centres of gravity is a, b, d, e or g. The off-axialities of the inherent weights a and d of the support arm sections  24 ,  26  can be mutually balanced and described or defined by the formula d*A d =a*A a . The off-axialities of the inherent weights b and e can be balanced by the off-axiality of the counterweight g and described or defined by the formula A g =(b*A b +e*A e )/g. The off-axiality of centres of gravity is considered differently for each embodiment. Basically, it can be said that the off axiality of the inherent weight centre of gravity of a component on the respective opposite component can be balanced by an opposite off-axiality of the counterweight. Thus for example by the front extension arm  30  on the rear extension arm  40  and/or by the front section  24  of the support arm  20  on the rear section  26  of the support arm  20 . In addition, reference is made in particular to  FIGS. 1 to 7  and the associated description. 
       FIG. 9 a    shows a variant, in which the useful load inherent centre of gravity lies on the axis of the suspension point V 2  for the useful load  36 . The useful load  36  is mounted so that its inherent centre of gravity lies on the axis of the suspension point V 2  for the useful load  36  and/or directly at the suspension point V 2 . For determining the overall centre of gravity of the useful load site K in particular this positioning of the useful load  36  can be assumed or defined. This can also be the case if the useful load  36  and/or its inherent centre of gravity is actually attached or provided vertically and/or horizontally deflected. The position-independent balance is thus also achieved in this way. In the direction of the axis (in  FIG. 9 a    perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) this can be offset. 
       FIG. 9 b    shows a variant, in which the useful load inherent centre of gravity is independent of the position vertically below or vertically above the axis of the suspension point V 2  for the useful load  36 . The useful load  36  and/or the holding device  32  for the useful load  36  can also be attached in such a way that its inherent centre of gravity is vertically above or vertically below the axis of the suspension point V 2  for the useful load  36 . It can be ensured that also in other positions of the first pivot arm  30 , the position and/or alignment of the useful load  36  and/or the holding device  32  for the useful load  36  remains essentially unchanged in the vertical. For example, a rotation of the first pivot arm  30  can be compensated. This can be achieved for example by a corresponding mechanism, which couples the position and/or orientation of the useful load  36  and/or the holding device  32  for the useful load  36  about the axis V 2  with the orientation of the support on the base point V 1  of the support arm  20 . 
       FIG. 9 c    shows a variant, in which the useful load inherent centre of gravity independent of the position is horizontally offset to the axis of the suspension point V 2  for the useful load  36 . The useful load  36  and/or the holding device  32  for the useful load  36  can be attached so that its inherent centre of gravity is also displaced horizontally to the suspension point V 2 . The same mechanism for maintaining the position and/or alignment of the useful load  36  and/or the holding device  32  can be provided for the useful load  36 , as in the aforementioned variant according to  FIG. 9 b   , but so that the position and/or orientation of the useful load  36  and/or holding device  32  for the useful load  36  remains essentially unchanged in the horizontal direction. In addition, the counterweight  42  for the useful load  36  may be mounted displaced in the opposite horizontal direction. The counterweight  42  can be coupled additionally, in a manner similar to the coupling mechanism described above, in the position, orientation and/or rotation about the axis point V 3  to the base support, as with the orientation of the support on the base point V 1  of the support arm  20 . The counterweight  42  can have the following horizontal counter displacement (offset counterweight) 
     
       
         
           
             
               offset 
               ⁢ 
               
                   
               
               ⁢ 
               counterweight 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   offset 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   weight 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   side 
                 
                 
                   offset 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   useful 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   load 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   side 
                 
               
               * 
               offset 
               ⁢ 
               
                   
               
               ⁢ 
               useful 
               ⁢ 
               
                   
               
               ⁢ 
               load 
             
           
         
       
     
     The counterweight  42  does not necessarily need to be attached displaced in the opposite horizontal direction. The counterweight  42  and/or its centre of gravity can alternatively, for example as in the aforementioned embodiments, be arranged directly on the second pivot arm  40 . To compensate for the torque the suspension point V 2  caused by the horizontally displaced useful load  36 , a parallel mechanism can be provided. 
     The parallel mechanism can be arranged on the first pivot arm  30  and/or on the useful load side section  24  of the bearing arm  20 . The parallel mechanism can have for example the parallel mechanism described for  FIG. 5 . In this way the torque can be directed into the base support and/or into the support foot  12 . 
     The variants according to  FIGS. 9 a , 9 b  and 9 c    can be combined with one another as desired. 
     “Can” refers in particular to optional features of the invention. Accordingly, there are also further embodiments and/or exemplary embodiments of the invention which additionally or alternatively have the respective feature or the respective features. 
     From the combinations of features disclosed herein, individual features can also be picked out and used in combination with other features to delimit the subject-matter of the claims, by ending any structural and/or functional connection that may exist between the features. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS 
       10  holding and moving device 
       12  support foot 
       14  standing surface 
       20  bearing arm 
       22  crossbar 
       23  wheels 
       24  camera-side element/section 
       25  chain hoist/belt 
       26  weight-side element/section 
       27  wheels 
       28  balance weight 
       29  chain hoist/belt 
       30  first pivot arm 
       31  suspension point 
       32  camera holding device 
       36  camera 
       40  second pivot arm 
       42  balance weight (camera) 
       44  balance weight 
       44 ′ balance weight 
       46  section of the parallelogram mechanism 
       48  part of the parallelogram mechanism 
     G weight-side region 
     K camera-side region 
     S 1   a  weight-side centre of gravity 
     S 1   b  weight-side centre of gravity 
     S 1   c  weight-side centre of gravity 
     S 2   a  camera-side centre of gravity 
     S 2   b  camera-side centre of gravity 
     S 2   c  camera-side centre of gravity 
     V 1  connecting point 
     V 2  holding point 
     V 3  holding point 
     F S  force/inherent weight of the parallelogram rod in inherent centre of gravity 
     F 1  force/weight component of the parallelogram rod 
     F 2  force/weight component of the parallelogram rod 
     A a  off-axiality of the centre of gravity of the useful load side bearing arm section 
     A b  off-axiality of the centre of gravity of the first pivot arm 
     A d  off-axiality of the centre of gravity of the weight-side bearing arm section 
     A e  off-axiality of the centre of gravity of the second pivot arm 
     A g  off-axiality of the centre of gravity of the balance weight