Patent Publication Number: US-2023163906-A1

Title: Techniques for indicating a synchronization signal block

Description:
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     The following relates to wireless communications, including techniques for indicating a synchronization signal block (SSB). 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). 
     A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). Some communication devices (e.g., base stations or UEs) may support full-duplex communications, such that the communication devices may transmit downlink communications and receive uplink communications simultaneously. In some examples, neighboring communication devices may perform full-duplex communications concurrently. In such examples, downlink communications transmitted by a first communication device may interfere with uplink communications received by a second (e.g., neighboring) communication device. 
     SUMMARY 
     The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for indicating a synchronization signal block (SSB). Generally, communication devices may exchange information to improve interference mitigation techniques. For example, a first communication device may transmit a reference signal and an offset to a second communication device. In some examples, the offset may be between a first beam associated with the reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The second communication device may perform measurements on the reference signal and use such measurements, in conjunction with the offset, to determine a beam for the first communication device to transmit communications (e.g., to other communication devices). The second communication device may transmit an interference message corresponding to the second beam. In response, the first communication device may transmit communications, such as the data signal, via the second beam. The present disclosure may therefore promote higher reliability and lower latency wireless communications, among other benefits. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS.  1 ,  2 A,  2 B,  2 C, and  2 D  illustrate an example of a wireless communications system that supports techniques for indicating a synchronization signal block (SSB) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  3  and  4    illustrate an example of a process flow that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  5  and  6    show block diagrams of devices that support techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  9  through  12    show flowcharts illustrating methods that support techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for indicating a synchronization signal block (SSB). A wireless communications system may include a communication device, such as a user equipment (UE) or a base station (e.g., an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB, either of which may be referred to as a gNB, or some other base station), that support wireless communications over one or multiple radio access technologies. Examples of radio access technologies may include fourth generation (4G) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as NR systems. The communication device may operate in a half-duplex mode or a full-duplex mode, or a combination thereof. For example, in a half-duplex mode, a UE may either transmit uplink communications or receive downlink communications during a transmission time interval (TTI). A TTI may span one or more time resources (e.g., symbols, mini-slots, slot, etc.). In a full-duplex mode, the communication device may transmit and receive communications simultaneously. For example, downlink communications (e.g., signals) transmitted by the communication device and uplink communications (e.g., signals) received by the communication device may overlap in the time domain (e.g., symbols occupied by the uplink signals and symbols occupied by the downlink signals may overlap). 
     In some examples, communication devices that support full-duplex communications may experience self-interference caused by signal leakage between transmit and receive antenna arrays (e.g., panels). For example, a communication device (e.g., a base station) simultaneously transmitting downlink communications and receiving uplink communications may experience self-interference on the receive antennas from the downlink transmissions. In some other examples, communication devices that support full-duplex may experience cross-link interference. For example, neighboring communication devices may perform full-duplex communications (e.g., or half-duplex time division duplexing (TDD)) concurrently such that downlink communications transmitted by a first communication device and uplink communications received by a second (e.g., neighboring) communication device may overlap. In such an example, the downlink communications transmitted by the first communication device (e.g., an aggressor device) may interfere with the uplink communications received at the second communication device (e.g., the victim device). Therefore, some communication devices may employ interference management techniques to mitigate interference effects. 
     For example, a communication device may use reference signals transmitted from other (e.g., neighboring) communication devices to measure (e.g., and account for) interference at the communication device. However, beams used to transmit reference signals may be wider (e.g., may be transmitted with less beam gain and cause less interference) than beams used to transmit downlink communications (e.g., that interfere with simultaneous uplink communications). As such, the interference measured by the communication device (e.g., using the reference signals) may not accurately represent the interference caused by the downlink communications. Thus, techniques for mitigating interference between base stations may be deficient. 
     Some communication devices may exchange information to improve interference mitigation techniques. For example, a communication device (e.g., a base station or a UE) may transmit an offset to another (e.g., neighboring) communication device. The offset may be a beam gain offset or a power offset between a beam used to transmit reference signals (e.g., SSBs) and a beam used to transmit data signals (e.g., downlink communications). 
     A neighboring communication device may use the offset, in conjunction with measurements performed on the reference signals transmitted by the communication device, to determine a suitable beam (e.g., a beam with a reduced interference level) for the communication device to transmit the downlink communications. The neighboring communication device may report (e.g., transmit an indication of) the suitable beam to the communication device and the communication device may use the indicated beam to transmit the downlink communications. The communication device may transmit an offset per reference signal (e.g., per SSB beam) measured by the neighboring communication device. The offset may be transmitted via over-the-air signaling or via backhaul signaling. In some examples, the offset may include a gap (e.g., difference) between a gain metric (e.g., decibel per isotropic antenna or decibel per dipole antenna) or a power metric (e.g., decibel or watt) associated with the reference signal beam and a gain or power associated with the data signal beam (i.e., the beam used for downlink communications). The offset may include a ratio of the energy per resource element (EPRE) of the reference signal to the EPRE of a downlink communication. 
     Particular aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The techniques employed by the described communication devices may provide benefits and enhancements to the operation of the communication devices, including latency reduction. For example, the described techniques may support improvements in full-duplex communications such that downlink signals may be received in uplink slots, which may enable latency savings (e.g., reductions). Further, interference management techniques, as described herein, may support higher data rates, spectrum efficiency enhancement (e.g., per cell or per communication device), and efficient resource utilization, thereby improving throughput and reliability. As such, the described techniques may result in improved network operations and network work efficiencies, among other benefits. 
     Various aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of example process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to techniques for indicating an SSB. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  100  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system  100  may include one or more base stations  105 , one or more UEs  115 , and a core network  130 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may be an LTE network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof. 
     The base stations  105  may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system  100  and may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. The base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links  125 . Each base station  105  may provide a coverage area  110  over which the UEs  115  and the base station  105  may establish one or more communication links  125 . The coverage area  110  may be an example of a geographic area over which a base station  105  and a UE  115  may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies. 
     The UEs  115  may be dispersed throughout a coverage area  110  of the wireless communications system  100 , and each UE  115  may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs  115  may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs  115  are illustrated in  FIG.  1   . The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115 , the base stations  105 , or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     In some examples, one or more components of the wireless communications system  100  may operate as or be referred to as a network node. As used herein, a network node may refer to any UE  115 , base station  105 , entity of a core network  130 , apparatus, device, or computing system configured to perform any techniques described herein. For example, a network node may be a UE  115 . As another example, a network node may be a base station  105 . As another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE  115 , the second network node may be a base station  105 , and the third network node may be a UE  115 . In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE  115 , the second network node may be a base station  105 , and the third network node may be a base station  105 . In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network nodes may be different. Similarly, reference to a UE  115 , a base station  105 , an apparatus, a device, or a computing system may include disclosure of the UE  115 , base station  105 , apparatus, device, or computing system being a network node. For example, disclosure that a UE  115  is configured to receive information from a base station  105  also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. In this example, consistent with this disclosure, the first network node may refer to a first UE  115 , a first base station  105 , a first apparatus, a first device, or a first computing system configured to receive the information; and the second network node may refer to a second UE  115 , a second base station  105 , a second apparatus, a second device, or a second computing system 
     The base stations  105  may communicate with the core network  130 , or with one another, or both. For example, the base stations  105  may interface with the core network  130  through one or more backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface). The base stations  105  may communicate with one another over the backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations  105 ), or indirectly (e.g., via core network  130 ), or both. In some examples, the backhaul links  120  may be or include one or more wireless links. 
     One or more of the base stations  105  described herein may include or may be referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology. 
     A UE  115  may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE  115  may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE  115  may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples. 
     The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115  that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations  105  and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links  125  over one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links  125 . For example, a carrier used for a communication link  125  may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system  100  may support communication with a UE  115  using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE  115  may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. 
     The communication links  125  shown in the wireless communications system  100  may include uplink transmissions from a UE  115  to a base station  105 , or downlink transmissions from a base station  105  to a UE  115 . Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode). 
     Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements that a UE  115  receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE  115 . A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE  115 . 
     The time intervals for the base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T s =1/(Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max  may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f  may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023). 
     Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wireless communications systems  100 , a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N f ) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation. 
     A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system  100  and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system  100  may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)). 
     Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs  115 . For example, one or more of the UEs  115  may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs  115  and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE  115 . 
     In some examples, a base station  105  may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area  110 . In some examples, different geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas  110  may be supported by the same base station  105 . In other examples, the overlapping geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations  105 . The wireless communications system  100  may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the base stations  105  provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas  110  using the same or different radio access technologies. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The UEs  115  may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein. 
     In some examples, a UE  115  may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs  115  over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link  135  (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs  115  utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105 . Other UEs  115  in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105  or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station  105 . In some examples, groups of the UEs  115  communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE  115  transmits to every other UE  115  in the group. In some examples, a base station  105  facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs  115  without the involvement of a base station  105 . 
     The core network  130  may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network  130  may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs  115  served by the base stations  105  associated with the core network  130 . User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services  150  for one or more network operators. The IP services  150  may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service. 
     Some of the network devices, such as a base station  105 , may include subcomponents such as an access network entity  140 , which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity  140  may communicate with the UEs  115  through one or more other access network transmission entities  145 , which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs). Each access network transmission entity  145  may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity  140  or base station  105  may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station  105 ). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs  115  located indoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, devices such as the base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P 2 P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples. 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station  105  or a UE  115  may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station  105  may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station  105  may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station  105  may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE  115 . Likewise, a UE  115  may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port. 
     Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation). 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station  105  may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station  105  multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station  105  may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station  105 , or by a receiving device, such as a UE  115 ) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station  105 . 
     Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station  105  in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE  115 ). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE  115  may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station  105  in different directions and may report to the base station  105  an indication of the signal that the UE  115  received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. 
     A receiving device (e.g., a UE  115 ) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station  105 , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may support one or more aspects of techniques for indicating an SSB. For example, a first communication device (e.g., a first base station  105  or a UE  115 ) may transmit a reference signal and an offset to a second communication device (e.g., a second base station  105  or a second UE  115 ). The offset may be a beam gain gap or a beam power gap between a beam associated with the reference signal and a beam associated with a data signal (e.g., a downlink communication). The second communication device may perform measurements on the reference signal and use such measurements, in conjunction with the offset, to determine a beam for the first communication device to transmit communications (e.g., to other base stations  105  or the other UEs  115 ). The second communication device may indicate the determined beam to the first communication device via an interference message. In response, the first communication device may transmit communications, such as the data signal, via the indicated beam. 
       FIGS.  2 A,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D  each illustrate an example of a wireless communications system  200  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications systems  200  (e.g., a wireless communications system  200 - a , a wireless communications system  200 - b , a wireless communications system  200 - c , and a wireless communications system  200 - d ) may implement aspects of the wireless communications system  100 . For example, the wireless communications systems  200  may each include one or more base stations  205  (e.g., a base station  205 - a , a base station  205 - b , a base station  205 - c , a base station  205 - d , a base station  205 - e , a base station  205 - f , and a base station  205 - g ) and one or more UEs  215  (e.g., a UE  215 - a , a UE  215 - b , a UE  215 - c , a UE  215 - d , a UE  215 - e , a UE  215 - f , a UE  215 - g , a UE  215 - h , a UE  215 - i , and a UE  215 - j ), which may be examples of a base station  105  and UE  115 , respectively, described with reference to  FIG.  1   . The wireless communications systems  200  may also include one or more wireless nodes  235  (e.g., a wireless node  235 - a  and a wireless node  235 - b ), which may be examples of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a transmission and reception point (TRP), a UE  215 , a base station  205 , or a distributed unit of a base station  205 . 
     In the examples of  FIGS.  2 A,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D , the UE  215  may transmit communications to the base station  205  via a communication link  210  (e.g., a communication link  210 - a , a communication link  210 - b , a communication link  210 - c , a communication link  210 - d , and a communication link  210 - e ), and may receive communications from the base station  205  via a communication link  220  (e.g., a communication link  220 - a , a communication link  220 - b , a communication link  220 - c , a communication link  220 - d , a communication link  220 - e , a communication link  220 - f , a communication link  220 - g , a communication link  220 - h , and a communication link  220 - i ). The communication links  210  may be examples of uplinks and the communication links  220  may be examples of downlinks. The wireless communications systems  200  may include features for improved communications between the UEs  215  and the base stations  205 , among other benefits. In some examples of the wireless communications systems  200 , the actions performed by one or more base stations  205  may be performed by other communication device, such as the UE  215 , and a wireless node  235  Additionally or alternatively, the actions performed by one or more UEs  215  may be performed by other communication device, such as the base station  205 , or the wireless node  235 . Additionally or alternatively, the actions performed by one or more wireless nodes  235  may be performed by other communication device, such as the base station  205 , or the UE  215 . 
     Each wireless communications system  200  may illustrate communication devices (e.g., one or more UEs  215  or one or more base stations  205 ) operating in a full duplex mode (e.g., performing full-duplex wireless communications). That is, as illustrated in the examples of  FIG.  2 A,  2 B,  2 C, and  2 D , full-duplex capability may be present at a base station (e.g., one or more base stations  205 ), a UE (e.g., one or more base stations  205 ), or both. For example, as shown in  FIG.  2 A , the base station  205 - a  may simultaneously receive uplink transmission (e.g., from a UE  215 - a  via the communication link  210 - a ) and transmit downlink transmissions (e.g., to a UE  215 - b  via the communication link  220 - a ). That is, at the base station  205 - a , uplink reception may be (e.g., occur) at one panel and downlink transmission may occur at another panel. In such an example (e.g., in the example of  FIG.  2 A ), the base station  205 - a  and the base station  205 - b  may be operating in a full-duplex mode, while the UE  215 - a  and the UE  215 - b  may be operating in a half-duplex mode. 
     In some examples, the signals transmitted to, and received from, the base station  205 - a  may occur over a frequency range (e.g., FR 1  or FR 2 ). That is simultaneous uplink and downlink transmissions may occur over the FR 1  and the FR 2  frequency ranges. In some other examples, as shown in the example of  FIG.  2 B , the UE  215 - c  may simultaneously receive downlink transmission (e.g., from the base station  205 - c  via the communication link  210 - b ) and transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., to the base station  205 - c  via the communication link  220 - b ). That is, at the UE  215 - c , uplink transmission may be (e.g., occur) from one panel and downlink reception may occur at another panel. In such examples (e.g., in the example of  FIG.  2 B ), the base station  205 - c , the base station  205 - d , the UE  215 - c , and the UE  215 - d  may each be operating in a full duplex mode. In some examples, such UEs may be referred to as customer provided equipment (CPE). In other examples, downlink reception and uplink transmission may occur at two different antenna panels located at two TRPs (e.g., downlink reception may occur at an antenna panel at a first TRP and uplink transmission may occur at an antenna panel at a second TRP). In some other examples, uplink reception and downlink transmission may occur at two co-located antenna panels at a single base station  205 . 
     Full-duplex communications may provide for latency reduction. For example, latency savings may be enabled by receiving downlink signal in uplink slots. Full-duplex communications may also provide for spectrum efficiency enhancement (e.g., per cell or per UE), efficient resource utilization, and coverage extension, among other benefits. In some examples, full-duplex capabilities may be conditional on beam separation and, as such, may not be continuously enabled (e.g., turned on). For example, a communication device (e.g., the base station  205 , the UE  215 , or the wireless node  235 ) may experience self-interference (e.g., self-interference  230 - a , self-interference  230 - b , self-interference  230 - c , self-interference  230 - d , self-interference  230 - e , and self-interference  230 - f ) between a pair of beams (e.g., a beam used to transmit downlink signals and a beam used to receive uplink signals) and, as a result, may disable full-duplex communications (e.g., for that beam pair). Self-interference may occur at a first communication device due to full-duplex communications with a single communication device or multiple communication devices. 
     As a first illustrative example, the base station  205 - a  may experience self-interference  230 - a  due to signal leakage between an antenna panel used to transmit downlink signals (e.g., to the UE  215 - b ) and an antenna panel used to receive uplink signals (e.g., from the UE  215 - a ). As a second illustrative example, the UE  215 - c  may experience self-interference  230 - b  due to signal leakage between antenna panels used for full-duplex communications (e.g., transmitting uplink signals and receiving downlink signals) with the base station  205 - c . As a third illustrative example, the UE  215 - e  may experience self-interference  230 - d  due to signal leakage between an antenna panel used for transmitting uplink signals to the base station  205 - e  and receiving downlink signals from the base station  205 - f . In such an example (e.g., in the example of  FIG.  2 C ), the base station  205 - e  and the base station  205 - f  may be operating in a half-duplex mode (e.g., via multiple TRPs (multi-TRP)), while the UE  215 - e  may be operating in a full duplex mode (e.g., may be a CPE). As a fourth illustrative example, the wireless node  235 - a  may experience self-interference from downlink signals transmitted to the UE  215 - g  and uplink signals received from the UE  215 - h . In such an example (e.g., in the example of  FIG.  2 D ), the wireless nodes  235  may be IAB nodes operating in a full-duplex mode. In some examples, the wireless nodes  235  may have enhanced (e.g., conditional) duplexing capability and may support same frequency full-duplex (SFFD), frequency division multiplexing, and space division multiplexing (SDM), for example with red, blue, and green (RBG) granularity. 
     In another example, a communication device may experience clutter echo, such that reflectors near the communication device cause reflections back to a reception panel and cause interference. In other examples, a communication device may experience cross-link interference (e.g., cross-link interference  225 - a , cross-link interference  225 - b , cross-link interference  225 - c , cross-link interference  225 - d , cross-link interference  225 - e , cross-link interference  225 - f , and cross-link interference  225 - g ). For example, neighboring base stations (e.g., the base station  205 - a  and the base station  205 - b ) may simultaneously perform full-duplex communications such that downlink signals transmitted by the base station  205 - a  may overlap with uplink signals received by the base station  205 - b  and cause cross-link interference  225 - b , which may be referred to as inter-base station interference. In another example, neighboring UEs (e.g., the UE  215 - c  and the UE  215 - d ) may simultaneously perform full-duplex communications such that uplink signals transmitted by the UE  215 - c  may overlap with downlink signals received by the UE  215 - d  and cause cross-link interference  225 - c . In other examples, neighboring wireless nodes (e.g., the wireless node  235 - a  and the wireless node  235 - b ) may simultaneously perform full-duplex communications such that downlink signals transmitted by the wireless node  235 - a  may overlap with uplink signals received by the wireless node  235 - b  and cause cross-link interference  225 - g . 
     In some examples, to reduce the effects of interference, a communication device (e.g., the base station  205 , the UE  215 , or the wireless node  235 ) may employ one or more interference mitigation techniques. For example, a remote interference management (RIM) framework may be used to mitigate inter-base station interference due to an atmosphere ducting effect where signals may be ducted (e.g., guided) in a direction. In some examples, however, RIM may not improve inter-base station interference in the case of full-duplex communications. For example, RIM procedures may be reduced for remote interference (RI) mitigation. That is, RIM procedures may be deactivated in the absence of the atmospheric ducting effect. Further, RIM procedures may include measurements on each beam used for communications at the communication device. Therefore, RIM procedures may not be effective for full-duplex communications where interference may occur for a beam pair (e.g., a transmission reception beam pair), for example, of multiple beam pairs used for full-duplex communication. Further, reference signals designed for RIM may not be signaled between base stations and, as such, inter-base station measurements may not occur. Thus, interference mitigation techniques, such as RIM, may be deficient. 
     In some other examples, communication devices may exchange information to improve interference mitigation techniques. For example, a first communication device (e.g., the base station  205 , the UE  215 , or the wireless node  235 ) may communicate an offset (e.g., a beam gain or power offset between a reference signal beam and a data signal beam) to a second communication device (e.g., another base station  205 , another UE  215 , or another wireless node  235 ). The second communication device may use the offset, in conjunction with measurement performed on reference signals (e.g., SSBs) transmitted from the first communication device, to determine a beam for the first communication device to use for downlink communications (e.g., to one or more other communication devices). The second communication device may then indicate the determined beam to the first communication device and the first communication device may use the indicated beam for downlink communications. In some examples, by indicating an offset between the beam used to transmit the measured reference signals and the beam used to transmit data signals (e.g., the interfering downlink communications), interference in wireless communication between communication devices in the wireless communications systems  200  may be prevented, among other benefits. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a process flow  300  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow  300  may implement or be implemented by one or more aspects of the wireless communications system  100  and the wireless communications systems  200 . For example, the process flow  300  may include a device  305 - a  and a device  305 - b , which may be examples of devices as discussed with reference to  FIGS.  1 ,  2 A,  2 B,  2 C, and  2 D . In the example of  FIG.  3   , the device  305 - a  may be a transmitting device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235 ) and the device  305 - b  and the device  305 - c  may be receiving devices (e.g., neighboring base stations  105 , neighboring UEs  115 , or neighboring wireless nodes  235 ). In the following description of the process flow  300 , operations between the device  305 - a , the device  305 - b , and the device  305 - c  may occur in a different order or at different times than as shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow  300 , and other operations may be added to the process flow  300 . 
     In some wireless communications systems, communication devices (e.g., a device  305 - a  and a device  305 - b ) may exchange information regarding inter-device (e.g., inter-base station) interference, such as cross-link interference described throughout the present disclosure including with reference to  FIGS.  2 A,  2 B,  2 C, and  2 D . For example, the device  305 - a  may transmit reference signals to the device  305 - b  for inter-device interference measurements (e.g., enhanced inter-base station interference measurements). That is, the device  305 - a  may transmit reference signals for the device  305 - b  to measure inter-device interference. In some examples, multiple measurement reference signals (e.g., SSBs) may be associated with multiple transmit and receive beam pairs between the device  305 - a  (e.g., the transmitting device) and the device  305 - b  (e.g., the receiving device). As such, the device  305  may update (e.g., periodically) the device  305 - a  with inter-base station beam pair data. 
     In some examples, the device  305 - b  may indicate received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data to the device  305 - a  based on downlink reference signal beam measurements (e.g., SSB beam measurements) performed by the device  305 - b . For example, an interference level (e.g., RSSI data) may be measured for different beam pairs and exchanged between the device  305 - a  and the device  305 - b  for inter-device interference (e.g., cross-link interference) mitigation. For example, the interference level may be exchanged among base stations for inter-base station cross-link interference mitigation. In some examples, as illustrated in the following table 1, the interference level may be compared to a threshold to determine one or more suitable beam pairs (e.g., a downlink (DL) beam of the device  305 - a  and an uplink (UL) beam of the device  305 - b ) for full-duplex communications between the device  305 - a  and the device  305 - b . Such full-duplex communications may be full-duplex communications described throughout the present disclosure including with reference to  FIGS.  2 A,  2 B,  2 C, and  2 D . 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 UL beam #1 of device 
                 UL beam #2 of device 
                 UL beam #3 of device 
               
               
                   
                 305-b 
                 305-b 
                 305-b 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 DL beam #1 of device 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
                 RSSI &gt; Threshold 
               
               
                 305-a 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 DL beam #2 of device 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
               
               
                 305-a 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 DL beam #3 of device 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
                 RSSI &gt; Threshold 
                 RSSI &lt; Threshold 
               
               
                 305-a 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For example, the device  305 - b  may determines that uplink beam #1 and #2 of the device  305 - b  are to be scheduled in a time interval (e.g., in a next or subsequent number (X) of ms). The device  305 - b  may also determine that the interference level measured for the beam pair including the downlink beam #3 of device  305 - a  and the uplink beam #2 of device  305 - b  may be greater than a threshold and, as such may not be a suitable beam pair for full-duplex communications. Thus, the device  305 - b  may then inform (e.g., indicate via over-the-air signaling or backhaul signaling) to the device  305 - a  that downlink beams #1 and #2 of the device  305 - a  may be suitable beams (e.g., the measured RSSI is less than the threshold) for downlink communications transmitted during the time interval (e.g., on the uplink symbols for the device  305 - b  in next or subsequent X ms). In some examples, the device  305 - b  may indicate one or more suitable beams in a report that may have fixed periodic occasions monitored by other (e.g., neighboring) devices  305 . 
     However, beams used by the device  305 - a  to transmit reference signals (e.g., the measured SSB beams) may be wider (e.g., may be transmitted with less beam gain and cause less interference) than beams used to transmit the downlink communications (e.g., data signals) that interfere with uplink communications received at the device  305 - b . As such, the interference levels measured by the device  305 - b  may not accurately represent the interference caused by downlink communications transmitted from the device  305 - a . In some examples, rather than exchanging RSSI data (e.g., based on SSB measurements), the device  305 - a  (e.g., the SSB transmitting device) may indicate an offset to the device  305 - b , such that the device  305 - b  may consider the narrow beam for data transmission (e.g., which may have a different gain than the gain of the SSB beam). That is, the device  305 - b  may use SSB measurements and the indicated offset to consider (e.g., estimate) the interference that may be caused by a beam used for downlink communications. In such examples, the device  305 - b  may estimate the interference experienced from the narrow beam (e.g., used by the device  305 - a  for data transmissions) based on the SSB measurements and the additional offset indication. 
     For example, at  310  the device  305 - a  may transmit a first reference signal (e.g., a first SSB) to the device  305 - b . At  315 , the device  305 - a  may transmit a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal (e.g., the beam used to transmit the first reference signal) and a second beam associated with a data signal (e.g., a beam to be used for transmitting downlink communications, such as the data signal). In some examples, an offset may be transmitted per SSB or per downlink reference signal for RSSI measurement. For example, the device  305 - a  may transmit a second reference signal at  320  and, accordingly, a second offset at  325 . The second offset may be between a third beam used to transmit the second reference signal and the second beam to be used for transmitting the data signal. That is, the first offset may correspond to a beam pair including the first beam and the second beam and the second offset may correspond to a beam pair including the third beam and the fourth beam, where the first beam may be used to transmit a first SSB and the third beam may be used to transmit a second SSB. 
     In some examples, an offset of the SSB beam (e.g., the first offset or the second offset) may be sent (e.g., to an intended device) via over-the-air signaling (e.g., broadcast, multicast, or unicast). For example, the device  305 - a  may broadcast the offset (e.g., may indicate the offset via a broadcast message) to other devices  305  that may be operating within the network (e.g., including the device  305 - b  and the device  305 - c ). In another example, the device  305 - a  may multicast the offset (e.g., may indicate the offset via a multicast message) to multiple (e.g., a number that may be greater than 1) devices  305  that may be operating within the network (e.g., including the device  305 - b ). In other examples, the device may unicast the offset (e.g., may indicate the offset via a unicast message) to a single device (e.g., the device  305 - b ). In some other examples, an offset may be sent (e.g., transmitted) via backhaul signaling. In other examples, an offset may be transmitted per SSB or per downlink reference signal for RSSI measurement. For example, as discussed above, the first offset may correspond to a beam pair including the first beam and the second beam and the second offset may correspond to a beam pair including the third beam and the fourth beam. 
     In some examples, an offset (e.g., the first offset and the second offset) may include a beam gain gap, a beam power gap, an EPRE, or an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) between a beam used to transmit a reference signal (e.g., an SSB beam) and a beam used to transmit data signals (e.g., a narrower beam relative to the SSB beam). The narrower beam used for data transmission may cause higher interference (e.g., at the device  305 - b ) compared to the wider beam for SSB transmission (e.g., the SSB transmission used for inter-device interference measurements). Therefore, an offset (e.g., the first offset and the second offset) may aid the device  305 - b  to decide the interference that may be experienced at the device  305 - b  during downlink data transmissions by the device  305 - a.    
     In some examples, the data signal beam may be quasi co-located with the reference signal beam. For example. the first offset may include a beam gain gap between a gain of the first beam (e.g., the beam used to transmit the first SSB) and a gain of the second beam (e.g., a beam used to transmit the data signal). In some instances, the gain of the beam may refer to the gain used to transmit the beam (e.g., antenna gain). In another example, the offset may include a beam power gap between a power of the first beam (e.g., the beam used to transmit the first SSB) and a power of the second beam (e.g., a beam used to transmit the data signal). In some examples, the power of the beam may refer to the power used to transmit the beam (e.g., the transmit power). 
     In some examples, the offset may be represented by the ratio of measurement reference signal EPRE to a downlink signal EPRE. The downlink signal may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) signal or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) signal. That is, the EPRE ratio may correspond to the ratio of an EPRE associated with a reference signal (e.g., an SSB) to an EPRE associated with a downlink signal (e.g., a data signal or another reference signal such as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)). In some examples, the EPRE ratio may be predefined (e.g., preconfigured or configured). In some other examples, the EPRE ratio may be signaled from a transmitting device (e.g., the device  305 - a ) to a receiving device (e.g., the device  305 - b ) for interference estimation. For example, the offset may include an EPRE ratio associated with a resource element occupied by the first SSB and a resource element occupied by a second signal (e.g., a data signal). In another example, the offset may include an EIRP ratio associated with the first beam (e.g., the beam used to transmit the first SSB) and the second beam (e.g., used to transmit the data signal). 
     At  330 , the device  305 - a  may receive an interference message from the device  305 - b . In some examples, the interference message may correspond to the second beam, which may be used by the device  305 - a  for communications (e.g., downlink communications, such as the data signal). The interference message may be based on measurements performed by the device  305 - b  on the first reference signal (e.g., the first SSB) and the first offset. In some examples, the interference message may be based on the measurement performed on the first reference signal, the first offset, a measurement performed on the second reference signal, and the second offset. At  335 , the device  305 - a  may transmit the data signal (e.g., downlink communications) to the device  305 - a  (e.g., another neighboring device) using the second beam indicated by the interference message. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a process flow  400  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow  400  may implement or be implemented by one or more aspects of the wireless communications system  100  and the wireless communications systems  200 . For example, the process flow  400  may include a device  405 - a  and a device  405 - b , which may be examples of devices as discussed with reference to  FIGS.  1 ,  2 A,  2 B,  2 C, and  2 D . In the example of  FIG.  4   , the device  405 - a  may be a transmitting device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235 ) and the device  405 - b  may be a receiving device (e.g., a neighboring base station  105 , a neighboring UE  115 , or a neighboring wireless node  235 ). In the following description of the process flow  400 , operations between the device  405 - a  and the device  405 - b  may occur in a different order or at different times than as shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow  400 , and other operations may be added to the process flow  400 . 
     At,  410 , the device  405 - b  may receive a first reference signal from the device  405 - a . The reference signal may be an SSB described throughout the present disclosure including with reference to  FIG.  3   . At  415 , the device  405 - a  may receive, an indication of a first offset from the first device. The offset may be an offset described throughout the present disclosure including with reference to  FIG.  3   . For example, the offset may be between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. In some examples, at  420 , the device  405 - b  may determine a first interference level associated with the second beam. The first interference level may be an interference level described throughout the present disclosure including with reference to  FIG.  3   . For example, the first interference level may be based on the measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. 
     At  425 , the device  405 - b  may transmit an interference message to the device  405 - a . The interference message may be an interference message described throughout the present disclosure including with reference to  FIG.  3   . For example, the interference message may correspond to the second beam for communications. In some examples, the device  405 - b  may transmit the interference message based on the first interference level satisfying a threshold. For example, the interference message may be based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal (e.g., an RSSI determined from measuring the first reference signal) and the first offset (e.g., satisfying a threshold). In some examples, the threshold may be predefined (e.g., preconfigured or configured) or, in some other examples, may be communicated (e.g., coordinated) between the device  405 - a  and the device  405 - b.    
       FIG.  5    shows a block diagram  500  of a device  505  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  505  may be an example of aspects of a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described herein. The device  505  may include a receiver  510 , a transmitter  515 , and a communications manager  520 . The device  505  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  510  may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for indicating an SSB). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  505 . The receiver  510  may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas. 
     The transmitter  515  may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device  505 . For example, the transmitter  515  may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for indicating an SSB). In some examples, the transmitter  515  may be co-located with a receiver  510  in a transceiver module. The transmitter  515  may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas. 
     The communications manager  520 , the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of techniques for indicating an SSB as described herein. For example, the communications manager  520 , the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein. 
     In some examples, the communications manager  520 , the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and memory coupled with the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory). 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager  520 , the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager  520 , the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure). 
     In some examples, the communications manager  520  may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or both. For example, the communications manager  520  may receive information from the receiver  510 , send information to the transmitter  515 , or be integrated in combination with the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein. 
     The communications manager  520  may support wireless communication at a first device (e.g., the device  505 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second device (e.g., another device  505 ), a first reference signal. The communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager  520  may support wireless communication at a second device (e.g., the other device  505 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a first device (e.g., the device  505 ), a first reference signal. The communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The communications manager  520  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. 
     By including or configuring the communications manager  520  in accordance with examples as described herein, the device  505  (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver  510 , the transmitter  515 , the communications manager  520 , or a combination thereof) may support techniques for indicating an SSB. For example, the device  505  may transmit (e.g., to another device  505 ) an offset between a beam associated with a reference signal and a beam associated with a data signal, which may result in reduced latency, improved communication throughput or reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, or any combination thereof, among other examples of advantages. 
       FIG.  6    shows a block diagram  600  of a device  605  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  605  may be an example of aspects of a device  505 , a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described herein. The device  605  may include a receiver  610 , a transmitter  615 , and a communications manager  620 . The device  605  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  610  may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for indicating an SSB). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  605 . The receiver  610  may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas. 
     The transmitter  615  may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device  605 . For example, the transmitter  615  may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for indicating an SSB). In some examples, the transmitter  615  may be co-located with a receiver  610  in a transceiver module. The transmitter  615  may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas. 
     The device  605 , or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for indicating an SSB as described herein. For example, the communications manager  620  may include a reference signal component  625 , an offset component  630 , an interference message component  635 , a data signal component  640 , or any combination thereof. The communications manager  620  may be an example of aspects of a communications manager  520  as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager  620 , or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver  610 , the transmitter  615 , or both. For example, the communications manager  620  may receive information from the receiver  610 , send information to the transmitter  615 , or be integrated in combination with the receiver  610 , the transmitter  615 , or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein. 
     The communications manager  620  may support wireless communication at a first device (e.g., the device  605 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signal component  625  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second device (e.g., another device  605 ), a first reference signal. The offset component  630  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The interference message component  635  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The data signal component  640  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager  620  may support wireless communication at a second device (e.g., the other device  605 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signal component  625  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a first device (e.g., the device  605 ), a first reference signal. The offset component  630  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The interference message component  635  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. 
       FIG.  7    shows a block diagram  700  of a communications manager  720  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager  720  may be an example of aspects of a communications manager  520 , a communications manager  620 , or both, as described herein. The communications manager  720 , or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for indicating an SSB as described herein. For example, the communications manager  720  may include a reference signal component  725 , an offset component  730 , an interference message component  735 , a data signal component  740 , a gap component  745 , an EIRP component  750 , a EPRE component  755 , an interference level component  760 , or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The communications manager  720  may support wireless communication at a first device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The reference signal component  725  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second device (e.g., another base station  105 , another UE  115 , or another wireless node  235 ), a first reference signal. The offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The interference message component  735  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The data signal component  740  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. 
     In some examples, the reference signal component  725  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, a second reference signal. In some examples, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, a second offset between a third beam associated with the second reference signal and a fourth beam associated with a second data signal, where the interference message corresponding to the second beam for the communications is based on the measurement performed on the first reference signal, the first offset, a measurement performed on the second reference signal, and the second offset. 
     In some examples, to support transmitting, to the second device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, an over-the-air transmission to the second device, the over-the-air transmission including the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. In some examples, the over-the-air transmission further includes a broadcast message, a multicast message, or a unicast message. In some examples, to support transmitting, to the second device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, via backhaul signaling, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. 
     In some examples, the gap component  745  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a beam gain gap between a first gain associated with the first beam and a second gain associated with the second beam, the first gain and the second gain each based on a respective gain metric. In some examples, the gap component  745  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, the beam gain gap, where the beam gain gap includes the first offset. 
     In some examples, the gap component  745  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a beam power gap between a first power associated with the first beam and a second power associated with the second beam, the first power and the second power each based on a respective power metric. In some examples, the gap component  745  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, the beam power gap, where the beam power gap includes the first offset. 
     In some examples, the EIRP component  750  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining an EIRP ratio associated with the first beam and the second beam. In some examples, the EIRP component  750  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, the EIRP ratio, where the EIRP ratio includes the first offset. 
     In some examples, the EPRE component  755  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining an EPRE ratio associated with a resource element occupied by the first reference signal and a resource element occupied by a second signal. In some examples, the EPRE component  755  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, the EPRE ratio, where the EPRE ratio includes the first offset. In some examples, the EPRE ratio is predefined. In some examples, the second signal includes the data signal or a DMRS. In some examples, the first reference signal includes an SSB. In some examples, the first beam is quasi co-located with the second beam. In some examples, the second device is a base station or a UE. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager  720  may support wireless communication at a second device (e.g., the other base station  105 , the other UE  115 , or the other wireless node  235 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the reference signal component  725  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a first device (e.g., the base station  105 , the UE  115 , or the wireless node  235 ), a first reference signal. In some examples, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. In some examples, the interference message component  735  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. 
     In some examples, the interference level component  760  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a first interference level associated with the second beam, the first interference level based on the measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset, where transmitting, to the first device, the interference message corresponding to the second beam for the communications is based on the first interference level satisfying a threshold. 
     In some examples, the reference signal component  725  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, a second reference signal. In some examples, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, a second offset between a third beam associated with the second reference signal and a fourth beam associated with a second data signal. In some examples, the interference level component  760  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a second interference level associated with the third beam, the second interference level based on a measurement performed on the second reference signal and the second offset, where transmitting, to the first device, the interference message corresponding to the second beam for the communications is based on the second interference level failing to satisfy the threshold. 
     In some examples, the measurement performed on the first reference signal includes an RSSI. In some examples, to support receiving, from the first device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, an over-the-air transmission from the first device, the over-the-air transmission including the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. In some examples, the over-the-air transmission further includes a broadcast message, a multicast message, or a unicast message. 
     In some examples, to support receiving, from the first device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal, the offset component  730  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, via backhaul signaling, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. 
     In some examples, the first offset includes a beam gain gap between a first gain associated with the first beam and a second gain associated with the second beam, the first gain and the second gain each based on a respective gain metric. In some examples, the first offset includes a beam power gap between a first power associated with the first beam and a second power associated with the second beam, the first power and the second power each based on a respective gain metric. In some examples, the EIRP component  750  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) ratio associated with the first beam and the second beam, where the EIRP ratio includes the first offset. 
     In some examples, the EPRE component  755  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, an energy per resource element (EPRE) ratio associated with a resource element occupied by the first reference signal and a resource element occupied by a second signal, where the EPRE ratio includes the first offset. 
     In some examples, the EPRE ratio is predefined. In some examples, the second signal includes the data signal or a demodulation reference signal. In some examples, the first reference signal includes an SSB. In some examples, the first beam is quasi co-located with the second beam. In some examples, the second device is a base station or a UE. 
       FIG.  8    shows a diagram of a system  800  including a device  805  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  805  may be an example of or include the components of a device  505 , a device  605 , a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described herein. The device  805  may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations  105 , UEs  115 , wireless nodes  235 , or any combination thereof. The device  805  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager  820 , a network communications manager  810 , a transceiver  815 , an antenna  825 , a memory  830 , code  835 , a processor  840 , and an inter-station communications manager  845 . These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus  850 ). 
     The network communications manager  810  may manage communications with a core network  130  (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager  810  may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs  115 . 
     In some cases, the device  805  may include a single antenna  825 . However, in some other cases the device  805  may have more than one antenna  825 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver  815  may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas  825 , wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver  815  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  815  may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas  825  for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas  825 . The transceiver  815 , or the transceiver  815  and one or more antennas  825 , may be an example of a transmitter  515 , a transmitter  615 , a receiver  510 , a receiver  610 , or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein. 
     The memory  830  may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory  830  may store computer-readable, computer-executable code  835  including instructions that, when executed by the processor  840 , cause the device  805  to perform various functions described herein. The code  835  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code  835  may not be directly executable by the processor  840  but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  830  may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     The processor  840  may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor  840  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor  840 . The processor  840  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory  830 ) to cause the device  805  to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for indicating an SSB). For example, the device  805  or a component of the device  805  may include a processor  840  and memory  830  coupled with the processor  840 , the processor  840  and memory  830  configured to perform various functions described herein. 
     The inter-station communications manager  845  may manage communications with other base stations  105 , and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs  115  in cooperation with other base stations  105 . For example, the inter-station communications manager  845  may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs  115  for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager  845  may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between base stations  105 . 
     The communications manager  820  may support wireless communication at a first device (e.g., the device  805 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second device (e.g., another device  805 ), a first reference signal. The communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the communications manager  820  may support wireless communication at a second device (e.g., the other device  805 ) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from a first device (e.g., the device  805 ), a first reference signal. The communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The communications manager  820  may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. 
     By including or configuring the communications manager  820  in accordance with examples as described herein, the device  805  may support techniques for indicating an SSB. For example, the device  805  may transmit (e.g., to another device  805 ) an offset between a beam associated with a reference signal and a beam associated with a data signal, which may result in reduced latency, improved communication throughput or reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, or any combination thereof, among other examples of advantages. 
     In some examples, the communications manager  820  may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver  815 , the one or more antennas  825 , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager  820  is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager  820  may be supported by or performed by the processor  840 , the memory  830 , the code  835 , or any combination thereof. For example, the code  835  may include instructions executable by the processor  840  to cause the device  805  to perform various aspects of techniques for indicating an SSB as described herein, or the processor  840  and the memory  830  may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations. 
       FIG.  9    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  900  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method  900  may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method  900  may be performed by a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  8   . In some examples, a device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  905 , the method may include transmitting, to a second device, a first reference signal. The operations of  905  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  905  may be performed by a reference signal component  725  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  910 , the method may include transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The operations of  910  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  910  may be performed by an offset component  730  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  915 , the method may include receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The operations of  915  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  915  may be performed by an interference message component  735  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  920 , the method may include transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. The operations of  920  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  920  may be performed by a data signal component  740  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
       FIG.  10    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1000  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method  1000  may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method  1000  may be performed by a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  8   . In some examples, a device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1005 , the method may include transmitting, to a second device, a first reference signal. The operations of  1005  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1005  may be performed by a reference signal component  725  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1010 , the method may include transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The operations of  1010  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1010  may be performed by an offset component  730  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1015 , the method may include transmitting, to the second device, a second reference signal. The operations of  1015  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1015  may be performed by a reference signal component  725  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1020 , the method may include transmitting, to the second device, a second offset between a third beam associated with the second reference signal and a fourth beam associated with a second data signal. The operations of  1020  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1020  may be performed by an offset component  730  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1025 , the method may include receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on the measurement performed on the first reference signal, the first offset, a measurement performed on the second reference signal, and the second offset. The operations of  1025  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1025  may be performed by an interference message component  735  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1030 , the method may include transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. The operations of  1030  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1030  may be performed by a data signal component  740  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
       FIG.  11    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1100  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method  1100  may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method  1100  may be performed by a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  8   . In some examples, a device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1105 , the method may include receiving, from a first device, a first reference signal. The operations of  1105  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1105  may be performed by a reference signal component  725  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1110 , the method may include receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The operations of  1110  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1110  may be performed by an offset component  730  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1115 , the method may include transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The operations of  1115  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1115  may be performed by an interference message component  735  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
       FIG.  12    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1200  that supports techniques for indicating an SSB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method  1200  may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method  1200  may be performed by a base station  105 , a UE  115 , or a wireless node  235  as described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  8   . In some examples, a device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1205 , the method may include receiving, from a first device, a first reference signal. The operations of  1205  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1205  may be performed by a reference signal component  725  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1210 , the method may include receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal. The operations of  1210  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1210  may be performed by an offset component  730  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1215 , the method may include determining a first interference level associated with the second beam, the first interference level based on the measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. The operations of  1215  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1215  may be performed by an interference level component  760  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     At  1220 , the method may include transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based on a measurement performed on the first reference signal, the first offset and the first interference level satisfying a threshold. The operations of  1220  may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1220  may be performed by an interference message component  735  as described with reference to  FIG.  7   . 
     The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure: 
     Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first device, comprising: transmitting, to a second device, a first reference signal; transmitting, to the second device, a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal; receiving, from the second device, an interference message corresponding to the second beam for communications, the interference message based at least in part on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset; and transmitting the data signal via the second beam indicated by the interference message. 
     Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: transmitting, to the second device, a second reference signal; and transmitting, to the second device, a second offset between a third beam associated with the second reference signal and a fourth beam associated with a second data signal, wherein the interference message corresponding to the second beam for the communications is based at least in part on the measurement performed on the first reference signal, the first offset, a measurement performed on the second reference signal, and the second offset. 
     Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein transmitting, to the second device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal comprises: transmitting, an over-the-air transmission to the second device, the over-the-air transmission comprising the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. 
     Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the over-the-air transmission further comprises a broadcast message, a multicast message, or a unicast message. 
     Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein transmitting, to the second device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal comprises: transmitting, via backhaul signaling, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. 
     Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: determining a beam gain gap between a first gain associated with the first beam and a second gain associated with the second beam, the first gain and the second gain each based at least in part on a respective gain metric; and transmitting, to the second device, the beam gain gap, wherein the beam gain gap comprises the first offset. 
     Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: determining a beam power gap between a first power associated with the first beam and a second power associated with the second beam, the first power and the second power each based at least in part on a respective power metric; and transmitting, to the second device, the beam power gap, wherein the beam power gap comprises the first offset. 
     Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: determining an EIRP ratio associated with the first beam and the second beam; and transmitting, to the second device, the EIRP ratio, wherein the EIRP ratio comprises the first offset. 
     Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: determining an EPRE ratio associated with a resource element occupied by the first reference signal and a resource element occupied by a second signal; and transmitting, to the second device, the EPRE ratio, wherein the EPRE ratio comprises the first offset. 
     Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the EPRE ratio is predefined. 
     Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 9 through 10, wherein the second signal comprises the data signal or a DMRS. 
     Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the first reference signal comprises an SSB. 
     Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the first beam is quasi co-located with the second beam. 
     Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, wherein the second device is a base station or a UE. 
     Aspect 15: A method for wireless communication at a second device, comprising: receiving, from a first device, a first reference signal; receiving, from the first device, an indication of a first offset between a first beam associated with the first reference signal and a second beam associated with a data signal; and transmitting, to the first device, an interference message correspond to the second beam for communications, the interference message based at least in part on a measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset. 
     Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, further comprising: determining a first interference level associated with the second beam, the first interference level based at least in part on the measurement performed on the first reference signal and the first offset, wherein transmitting, to the first device, the interference message corresponding to the second beam for the communications is based at least in part on the first interference level satisfying a threshold. 
     Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16, further comprising: receiving, from the first device, a second reference signal; receiving, from the first device, a second offset between a third beam associated with the second reference signal and a fourth beam associated with a second data signal; and determining a second interference level associated with the third beam, the second interference level based at least in part on a measurement performed on the second reference signal and the second offset, wherein transmitting, to the first device, the interference message corresponding to the second beam for the communications is based at least in part on the second interference level failing to satisfy the threshold. 
     Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 16 through 17, wherein the measurement performed on the first reference signal comprises an RSSI. 
     Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 15 through 18, wherein receiving, from the first device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal comprises: receiving, an over-the-air transmission from the first device, the over-the-air transmission comprising the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. 
     Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, wherein the over-the-air transmission further comprises a broadcast message, a multicast message, or a unicast message. 
     Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 15 through 18, wherein receiving, from the first device, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal comprises: receiving, via backhaul signaling, the first offset between the first beam associated with the first reference signal and the second beam associated with the data signal. 
     Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 15 through 21, wherein the first offset comprises a beam gain gap between a first gain associated with the first beam and a second gain associated with the second beam, the first gain and the second gain each based at least in part on a respective gain metric. 
     Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 15 through 21, wherein the first offset comprises a beam power gap between a first power associated with the first beam and a second power associated with the second beam, the first power and the second power each based at least in part on a respective power metric. 
     Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 15 through 21, further comprising: receiving, from the first device, an EIRP ratio associated with the first beam and the second beam, wherein the EIRP ratio comprises the first offset. 
     Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 15 through 21, further comprising: receiving, from the first device, an EPRE ratio associated with a resource element occupied by the first reference signal and a resource element occupied by a second signal, wherein the EPRE ratio comprises the first offset. 
     Aspect 26: The method of aspect 25, wherein the EPRE ratio is predefined. 
     Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 25 through 26, wherein the second signal comprises the data signal or a DMRS. 
     Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 15 through 27, wherein the first reference signal comprises an SSB. 
     Aspect 29: The method of any of aspects 15 through 28, wherein the first beam is quasi co-located with the second beam. 
     Aspect 30: The method of any of aspects 15 through 29, wherein the second device is a base station or a UE. 
     Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14. 
     Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 14. 
     Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14. 
     Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 30. 
     Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 15 through 30. 
     Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 30. 
     It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. 
     Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein. 
     Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). 
     The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. 
     Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” 
     The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and other such similar actions. 
     In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label. 
     The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples. 
     The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.