Patent Publication Number: US-2023165130-A1

Title: Heterocyclic compound, organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0115027, filed on Aug. 30, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The present disclosure relates to heterocyclic compounds, organic light-emitting devices including the heterocyclic compounds, and electronic apparatuses including the organic light-emitting devices. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Organic light-emitting devices are self-emissive devices that produce full-color images, and also have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent characteristics in terms of luminance, driving voltage, and response speed, compared to devices in the art. 
     In an example, an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer arranged between the anode and the cathode and including an emission layer. A hole transport region may be arranged between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be arranged between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light. 
     SUMMARY 
     Provided are heterocyclic compounds, organic light-emitting devices including the heterocyclic compounds, and electronic apparatuses including the organic light-emitting devices. 
     Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description, which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure. 
     According to an aspect of an embodiment, provided is a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, 
     A 11  to A 16  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     X 11  to X 16  are each independently a group represented by Formula 2-1 or 2-2, 
     n11 to n16 are each independently 0, 1, or 2, 
     the sum of n11 to n16 in Formula 1-1 is 1 or more, and the sum of n11 to n15 in Formula 1-2 is 1 or more, 
     Y 11  to Y 16  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, 
     m11 to m16 are each independently 0, 1, or 2, 
     the sum of n11 to n16 and m11 to m16 in Formula 1-1 are each 2 or more, the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 in Formula 1-2 are each 2 or more, 
     Z 11  to Z 16  are each independently a carbon atom, and a bond between Z 11  and Z 12 , a bond between Z 13  and Z 14 , and a bond between Z 15  and Z 16  are each independently a single bond or a double bond, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, 
     X 21  is a single bond, O, S, N(R 25 ), or C(R 25 )(R 26 ), 
     L 21  and L 22  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     a21 and a22 are each independently 0, 1, or 2, 
     R 21  and R 22  are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, 
     R 11  to R 18  and R 23  to R 26  are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkylheteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), 
     b11 to b16 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, 
     b23 and b24 are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, 
     Q 1  to Q 3  are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkylheteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, or a combination thereof, or a C 6 -C 60  aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, or a combination thereof, and 
     * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     According to an aspect of another embodiment, provided is an organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes the heterocyclic compound. 
     According to an aspect of another embodiment, provided is an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to another exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to another exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIGS.  4 A to  4 E  are each diagram illustrating energy levels in an emission layer of an organic light-emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the same associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
     It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer” or “section” discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are intended to cover both the singular and plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “an element” has the same meaning as “at least one element,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     “Or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top,” may be used herein to describe one element&#39;s relationship to another element as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements The exemplary term “lower,” can therefore, encompasses both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure. Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements. The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below. 
     “About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10% or 5% of the stated value. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims. 
     An aspect of the present disclosure provides a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A 11  to A 16  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A 11  to A 16  may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentene group, a silole group, a germole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, or a dibenzogermole group. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A 11  to A 16  may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, or a benzogermole group. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A 11  to A 16  may each independently be a benzene group or a naphthalene group. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A 11  to A 16  may each independently be a benzene group. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, X 11  to X 16  may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2-1 or 2-2: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, 
     X 21  may be a single bond, O, S, N(R 25 ), or C(R 25 )(R 26 ), 
     L 21  and L 22  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     a21 and a22 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, 
     R 21  and R 22  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, 
     R 23  to R 26  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkylheteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), 
     Q 1  to Q 3  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkylheteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 6  alkyl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, and a C 6 -C 60  aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, or a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, 
     b23 and b24 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and 
     * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In an embodiment, in Formula 2-2, X 21  may be a single bond. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, L 21  and L 22  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, a21 and a22 may each independently be 0 or 1. 
     In an embodiment, in Formula 2-1, R 21  and R 22  may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or a chrysenyl group, each substituted or unsubstituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a deuterated C 2 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl) cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, or any combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2-1, R 21  and R 22  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a C 2 -C 10  alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10  alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130, 
     “Ph” represents a phenyl group, and 
     * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In an embodiment, in Formula 2-2, R 23  to R 26  may each independently be: 
     hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF 5 , a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 20  alkylthio group; 
     a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 20  alkylthio group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof; 
     a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a deuterated C 2 -C 20  alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or 
     —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), and 
     Q 1  to Q 3  may each independently be: 
     deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CD 3 , —CH 2 CD 2 H, —CH 2 CDH 2 , —CHDCH 3 , —CHDCD 2 H, —CHDCDH 2 , —CHDCD 3 , —CD 2 CD 3 , —CD 2 CD 2 H, —CD 2 CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CFH 2 , —CHFCH 3 , —CHFCF 2 H, —CHFCFH 2 , —CHFCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, or —CF 2 CFH 2 ; or 
     an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2-2, R 23  to R 26  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a C 2 -C 10  alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10  alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), or —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), and 
     Q 1  to Q 3  may each independently be: 
     deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CD 3 , —CH 2 CD 2 H, —CH 2 CDH 2 , —CHDCH 3 , —CHDCD 2 H, —CHDCDH 2 , —CHDCD 3 , —CD 2 CD 3 , —CD 2 CD 2 H, —CD 2 CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CFH 2 , —CHFCH 3 , —CHFCF 2 H, —CHFCFH 2 , —CHFCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, or —CF 2 CFH 2 ; or 
     an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-236, 10-1 to 10-130, and 10-201 to 10-358, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, Ph represents a phenyl group, TMS and SiMe 3  each represent a trimethylsilyl group, and TMG and GeMe 3  each represent a trimethylgermyl group. 
     The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may each independently be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 and 9-601 to 9-636: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each independently be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 9-710: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The “group in which at least one hydrogen of one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 is substituted with deuterium” and “the group in which at least one hydrogen of one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 is substituted with deuterium” may each independently be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 10-576: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The “group in which at least one hydrogen of one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 is substituted with —F” and “the group in which at least one hydrogen of one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 is substituted with —F” may each independently be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 10-617: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, X 11  to X 16  may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2-11 or 2-21: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 2-11 and 2-21, 
     L 21  and L 22  may respectively be the same as described herein, 
     a21 and a22 may each independently be 0 or 1, and 
     R 201  to R 218  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, X 11  to X 16  may each independently be represented by one of Formulae 2-111 to 2-122: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 2-111 to 2-122, 
     t-Bu represents a tert-butyl group, and 
     * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, n11 to n16 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2. Here, n11 to n16 indicate the number of substitutions, X 11  to X 16 , respectively. 
     The sum of n11 to n16 in Formula 1-1 may be 1 or more, and the sum of n11 to n15 in Formula 1-2 may be 1 or more. 
     In an embodiment, the sum of n11 to n15 in Formula 1-1 may be 1 or more. 
     In an embodiment, the sum of n11 to n15 in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 may be 1 or 2. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, Y 11  to Y 16  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, Y 11  to Y 16  may each independently be a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or a chrysenyl group, each substituted or unsubstituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a deuterated C 2 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, or any combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, Y 11  to Y 16  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a C 2 -C 10  alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10  alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 10-12 to 10-23 and 10-38 to 10-130, 
     “Ph” represents a phenyl group, and 
     * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, m11 to m16 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2. In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, m11 to m16 indicate the number of substituents, Y 11  to Y 16 , respectively. 
     In an embodiment, the sum of m11 to m16 in Formula 1-1 may be 1 or more, and the sum of m11 to m15 in Formula 1-2 may be 1 or more. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, the sum of m11 to m15 may be 1 or more. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, m11 to m15 may each independently be 1 or 2. 
     In Formula 1-1, the sum of n11 to n16 and m11 to m16 may be 2 or more. In Formula 1-2, the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 may be 2 or more. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 may be 2, 3, 4, or 5. 
     In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 may be 4 or 5. 
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, Z 11  to Z 16  may each independently be a carbon atom, and a bond between Z 11  and Z 12 , a bond between Z 13  and Z 14 , and a bond between Z 15  and Z 16  may each independently be a single bond or a double bond. 
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R 11  to R 1 , may each independently be the same as described in connection with R 23 . 
     In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, b11 to b16 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3. In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, b11 to b16 indicate the number of substituents, R 11  to R 16 , respectively. 
     In an embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 1-111 and 1-211: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 1-111 and 1-211, 
     R 110  to R 114  may each independently be X 11 , Y 11 , or R 11 , 
     R 121  to R 124  may each independently be X 12 , Y 12 , or R 12 , 
     R 131  to R 133  may each independently be X 13 , Y 13 , or R 13 , 
     R 141  to R 143  may each independently be X 14 , Y 14 , or R 14 , 
     R 151  to R 154  may each independently be X 15 , Y 15 , or R 15 , 
     R 161  to R 164  may each independently be X 16 , Y 16 , or R 16 , 
     at least one of R 110  to R 114 , R 121  to R 124 , R 131  to R 133 , R 141  to R 143 , and R 151  to R 154  may be X 11 , X 12 , X 13 , X 14 , or X 15 , 
     at least two of R 110  to R 114 , R 121  to R 124 , R 131  to R 133 , R 141  to R 143 , and R 151  to R 154  may each independently be X 11 , X 12 , X 13 , X 14 , X 15 , Y 11 , Y 12 , Y 13 , Y 14 , or Y 15 , and 
     X 11  to X 16 , Y 11  to Y 16 , and R 11  to R 18  may respectively be the same as described in connection with Formulae 1-1 and 1-2. 
     In one or more embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 1-11 to 1-24 and 1-31 to 1-44: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 1-11 to 1-24 and 1-31 to 1-44, 
     A 11  to A 16 , X 11  to X 16 , Y 11  to Y 16 , Z 11  to Z 16 , R 11  to R 18 , and b11 to b16 may respectively be the same as described in connection with Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, 
     n11 to n15 may each independently be 1 or 2, 
     m11 to m15 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and 
     the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 may be 2 or more. 
     For example, in Formulae 1-11 to 1-24 and 1-31 to 1-44, A 11  to A 16  may each independently be a benzene group. 
     For example, in Formulae 1-11 to 1-24 and 1-31 to 1-44, the sum of m11 to m15 may be 1 or more. 
     For example, in Formulae 1-11 to 1-24 and 1-31 to 1-44, m11 to m15 may each independently be 1 or 2. 
     For example, in Formulae 1-11 to 1-24 and 1-31 to 1-44, the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 may each independently be 4 or 5. 
     In one or more embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be of Compounds 1 to 78: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Since the heterocyclic compound has a rigid structure in which aromatic hydrocarbon rings or heteroaromatic rings are condensed with each other, structural relaxation in an excited state may be suppressed. As a result, the heterocyclic compound may have a narrow width of blue emission spectrum and exhibit improved color purity. 
     In detail, since the heterocyclic compound includes an N atom in a moiety structure represented by 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     then the heterocyclic compound may have a relatively narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and more specifically, may have a narrower FWHM than that of a heterocyclic compound including an O atom or an S atom. For example, it is known that a FWHM of each of TMCz-BO and TMCz-3P that include an O atom or an S atom is 59 nm and 61 nm, respectively (J. U. Kim, I. S. Park, C.-Y. Chan, M. Tanaka, Y. Tsuchiya, H. Nakanotani, C.  Adachi, Nat. Commun.  2020, 11, 1765), but a FWHM of TBN-TPA including an N atom with relatively low structural fluidity is 27 nm (X. Liang, Z.-P. Yan, H.-B. Han, Z.-G. Wu, Y.-X. Zheng, H. Meng, J.-L. Zuo, W.  Huang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.  2018, 57, 11316). 
     In addition, in the heterocyclic compound of the present disclosure, the sum of n11 to n16 in Formula 1-1 may be 1 or more, and the sum of n11 to n15 in Formula 1-2 may be 1 or more. In this regard, the heterocyclic compound may have improved luminescence efficiency, and as compared to a compound including an alkylamino group or the like, the heterocyclic compound has a substituent in which an aryl group is substituted for N so that the compound stability may be improved. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have improved efficiency and/or a long lifespan. 
     In the heterocyclic compound, the sum of n11 to n16 and m11 to m16 in Formula 1-1 may each be 2 or more, and the sum of n11 to n15 and m11 to m15 in Formula 1-2 may each be 2 or more. In this regard, due to the extended conjugated bonds in the heterocyclic compound, stabilization of the heterocyclic compound may be achieved. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have improved efficiency and/or a long lifespan. 
     In addition, since the heterocyclic compound has an asymmetric structure in its core, a dense wavelength control may be possible along with shortening of an emission wavelength, thereby providing an organic light emitting device with high efficiency and/or a long life. 
     A peak wavelength in photoluminescence (PL) of the heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be about 430 nm or more. In one or more embodiments, the peak wavelength may be about 435 nm or more, about 440 nm or more, about 500 nm or less, about 490 nm or less, or about 480 nm or less. When the peak wavelength is within these ranges, the heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment may be particularly suitable for emission of blue light. 
     The heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment may have a small FWHM value of an emission intensity of a peak having the PL peak wavelength above. In detail, the heterocyclic compound may have a FWHM value of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 35 nm or less. When the FWHM is within these ranges, the heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment may have further improved color purity. 
     The peak wavelength and the FWHM in the PL may each be measured and/or calculated using a spectrofluorophotometer. 
     A highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, an S 1  energy level, and a T 1  energy level of some compounds of the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2 are evaluated using the Gaussian 09 program with the molecular structure optimization obtained by B3LYP-based density functional theory (DFT), and results thereof are shown in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compound No. 
                 HOMO (eV) 
                 LUMO (eV) 
                 S 1  (eV) 
                 T 1  (eV) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 −5.04 
                 −1.57 
                 2.99 
                 2.58 
               
               
                 6 
                 −4.96 
                 −1.49 
                 3.00 
                 2.62 
               
               
                 8 
                 −4.81 
                 −1.34 
                 3.00 
                 2.65 
               
               
                 10 
                 −5.15 
                 −1.68 
                 3.00 
                 2.61 
               
               
                 13 
                 −5.00 
                 −1.51 
                 3.01 
                 2.65 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Referring to Table 1, it is confirmed that the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2 has electric characteristics suitable for use as a dopant in an emission layer of an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device. 
     Synthesis methods of the heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment is not particularly limited, and the heterocyclic compound may be synthesized according to a known synthesis method. In particular, the heterocyclic compound may be synthesized according to or in view of methods described in Examples below. For example, in the methods described in Examples below, the heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment may be synthesized through modifications such as changing raw materials and reaction conditions, adding or excluding some processes, or appropriately combining with other known synthesis methods. 
     A method of identifying a structure of the heterocyclic compound according to an embodiment is not particularly limited. The heterocyclic compound including nitrogen according to an embodiment may be identified by a known method (for example, NMR, LC-MS, or the like). 
     Description of FIG.  1   
       FIG.  1    is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device  10  according to an exemplary embodiment. Hereinafter, a structure and a manufacturing method of an organic light-emitting device according to an example of the present disclosure will be described with reference to  FIG.  1   . 
     The organic light-emitting device  10  of  FIG.  1    includes a first electrode  11 , a second electrode  19  facing the first electrode  11 , and an organic layer  10 A between the first electrode  11  and the second electrode  19 . 
     The organic layer  10 A may include an emission layer  15 , a hole transport region  12  may be arranged between the first electrode  11  and the emission layer  15 , and an electron transport region  17  may be arranged between the emission layer  15  and the second electrodes  19 . 
     A substrate may be additionally arranged under the first electrode  11  or above the second electrode  19 . For use as the substrate, any substrate that is used in organic light-emitting devices available in the art may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance. 
     [First Electrode  11 ] 
     The first electrode  11  may be, for example, formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode  11  on the substrate. The first electrode  11  may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode  11  may be a material with a high work function to facilitate hole injection. 
     The first electrode  11  may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. In an embodiment, when the first electrode  11  is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming the first electrode  11  may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode  110  is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material for forming the first electrode  11  may be magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The first electrode  11  may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. 
     [Emission Layer  15 ] 
     The emission layer  15  may include the heterocyclic compound. 
     A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage. 
     First Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG.  4 A 
     In the First Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be a fluorescence emitter. According to the First Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host A’ which is not identical to the heterocyclic compound). Host A may be understood by referring to a host material described below, but embodiments are not limited thereto. Host A may be a fluorescent host. 
       FIG.  4 A  depicts the general energy transfer of the First Embodiment. 
     Singlet excitons may be generated in Host A included in the emission layer, and these singlet excitons may be transferred to a fluorescence emitter through Förster energy transfer (FRET). 
     Since the singlet excitons generated in Host A accounts for only 25% of the total excitons, triplet excitons which accounts for 75% of the total excitons may be fused to one another to be converted into singlet excitons. Accordingly, efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may be further improved. That is, by using a triplet-triplet fusion mechanism, the efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may be further improved. 
     According to the First Embodiment, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 80% or more, for example, about 90% or more, of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 95% or more of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. 
     Here, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence, and the host may not emit light. 
     In the First Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host A in addition to the heterocyclic compound, an amount of the heterocyclic compound may be about 50 parts by weight or less, for example, about 30 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, and an amount of Host A in the emission layer may be about 50 parts by weight or more, for example, about 70 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In the First Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host A in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host A and the heterocyclic compound may satisfy Condition A: 
         E ( H   A ) S1   &gt;E   S1   Condition A
 
     wherein, in Condition A, 
     E(H A ) S1  indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host A, and 
     E S1  indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. 
     Here, E(H A ) S1  and E S1  may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program with structure optimization performed at a degree of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). 
     Second Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG.  4 B 
     In the Second Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be a delayed fluorescence emitter. According to the Second Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host B’ which is not identical to the heterocyclic compound). Host B may be understood by referring a host material described below, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  4 B  depicts the general energy transfer of the Second Embodiment. 
     Singlet excitons generated at a ratio of 25% in Host B included in the emission layer may be transferred to a delayed fluorescence emitter through FRET. In addition, triplet excitons generated at a ratio of 75% in Host B included in the emission layer may be transferred to a delayed fluorescence emitter through Dexter energy transfer. The energy transferred to a triplet state of the delayed fluorescence emitter may undergo reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to a singlet state. Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to the heterocyclic compound, the organic light-emitting device with improved efficiency may be obtained. 
     According to the Second Embodiment, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 80% or more, for example, about 90% or more, of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 95% or more of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. 
     Here, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence, and the emission components of the heterocyclic compound may be a total of prompt emission components of the heterocyclic compound and delayed fluorescence components by RISC of the heterocyclic compound. In addition, Host B may not emit light. 
     In the Second Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host B in addition to the heterocyclic compound, an amount of the heterocyclic compound may be about 50 parts by weight or less, for example, about 30 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, and an amount of Host B in the emission layer may be about 50 parts by weight or more, for example, about 70 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In the Second Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host B in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host B and the heterocyclic compound may satisfy Condition B: 
         E ( H   B ) S1   &gt;E   S1   Condition B
 
     wherein, in Condition B, 
     E(H B ) S1  indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host B, and 
     E S1  indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. 
     Here, E(H B ) S1  and E S1  may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program with structure optimization performed at a degree of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). 
     Third Embodiment and Fourth Embodiment 
     Third Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG.  4 C 
     In the Third Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be used as a fluorescent emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, for example, a delayed fluorescence sensitizer. In the Third Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host C’ which is not identical to the heterocyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Sensitizer A’ which is not identical to Host C and the heterocyclic compound). Host C and Sensitizer A may respectively be understood by referring to a host material and a sensitizer material described below, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     According to the Third Embodiment, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 80% or more, for example, about 90% or more (and for example, about 95% or more), of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence. In addition, Host C and Sensitizer A may not each emit light. 
       FIG.  4 C  depicts the general energy transfer of the Third Embodiment. 
     Singlet and triplet excitons may be generated in Host C included in the emission layer, and these singlet and triplet excitons may be transferred to Sensitizer A first, and then to the heterocyclic compound through FRET. The singlet excitons generated at a ratio of 25% in Host C may be transferred to Sensitizer A through FRET, and the energy of triplet excitons generated at a ratio of 75% in Host C may be transferred to a singlet state and a triplet state of Sensitizer A, wherein the energy transferred to the triplet state may undergo RISC to the singlet state, and then, the singlet energy of Sensitizer A may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through FRET. 
     Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to a dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency may be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device thus obtained has significantly reduced energy loss, lifespan characteristics thereof may be also improved. 
     In the Third Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host C and Sensitizer A, Host C and Sensitizer A may satisfy Condition C-1 and/or C-2: 
         S   1 ( H   C )≥ S   1 ( S   A )  Condition C-1
 
         S   1 ( S   A )≥ S   1 ( HC )  Condition C-2
 
     wherein, in Conditions C-1 and C-2, 
     S 1 (H C ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host C, 
     S 1 (S A ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Sensitizer A, and 
     S 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. 
     S 1 (H C ), S 1 (S A ), and S 1 (HC) may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program with structure optimization performed at a degree of B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p). 
     When Host C, Sensitizer A, and the heterocyclic compound satisfy Condition C-1 and/or C-2, FRET from Sensitizer A to the heterocyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency. 
     Fourth Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG.  4 D 
     In the Fourth Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be used as a fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, for example, a phosphorescence sensitizer. In the Fourth Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host D’ which is not identical to the heterocyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Sensitizer B’ which is not identical to Host D and the heterocyclic compound). Host D and Sensitizer B may respectively be understood by referring to a host material and a sensitizer material described below, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     According to the Fourth Embodiment, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 80% or more, for example, about 90% or more (and for example, about 95% or more), of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence. In addition, Host D and Sensitizer B may not each emit light. 
       FIG.  4 D  depicts the general energy transfer of the Fourth Embodiment. 
     Triplet excitons generated at a ratio of 3:1 (i.e., 75%) in Host D included in the emission layer may be transferred to Sensitizer B through Dexter energy transfer, and energy of singlet excitons generated at a ratio of 1:3 (i.e., 25%) in Host D may be transferred to a singlet state and a triplet state of Sensitizer B, wherein the energy transferred to the singlet state of Sensitizer B may undergo ISC to the triplet state, and then, the triplet energy of Sensitizer B may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through FRET. 
     Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to a dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency may be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device thus obtained has significantly reduced energy loss, lifespan characteristics thereof may be also improved. 
     In the Third Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host D and Sensitizer B, Host D and Sensitizer B may satisfy Condition D-1 and/or D-2: 
         T   1 ( H   D )≥ T   1 ( S   B )  Condition D-1
 
         T   1 ( S   B )≥ S   1 ( HC )  Condition D-2
 
     wherein, in Conditions D-1 and D-2, 
     T 1 (H D ) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Host D, 
     T 1 (S B ) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Sensitizer B, and 
     S 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. 
     T 1 (H D ), T 1 (S B ), and S 1 (HC) may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program with structure optimization performed at a degree of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). 
     When Host D, Sensitizer B, and the heterocyclic compound satisfy Condition D-1 and/or D-2, FRET from Sensitizer B to the heterocyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency. 
     In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, an amount of the sensitizer in the emission layer may be in a range of about 5 wt % to about 50 wt %, for example, about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %. Within these ranges, the energy transfer in the emission layer may be effectively achieved, and accordingly, an organic light-emitting device having high efficiency and a long lifespan may be obtained. 
     In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, an amount of the heterocyclic compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, for example, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, the sensitizer and the heterocyclic compound may further satisfy Condition 5: 
       0 μs&lt; T   decay ( HC )&lt;5 μs  Condition 5
 
     wherein, in Condition 5, 
     T decay (HC) indicates a decay time of the heterocyclic compound. 
     The decay time of the heterocyclic compound was measured from a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectrum at room temperature of a film (hereinafter, referred to as “Film HC”) having a thickness of 40 nm formed by vacuum-depositing the host and the heterocyclic compound included in the emission layer on a quartz substrate at a weight ratio of 90:10 at a vacuum pressure of 10 −7  torr. 
     Fifth Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG.  4 E 
     In the Fifth Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be used as a delayed fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, for example, a delayed fluorescence sensitizer. In the Fifth Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host E’ which is not identical to the heterocyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Sensitizer C’ which is not identical to Host E and the heterocyclic compound). Host E and Sensitizer C may respectively be understood by referring to a host material and a sensitizer material described below, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     According to the Fifth Embodiment, emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may account for about 80% or more, for example, about 90% or more (and for example, about 95% or more), of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence. In addition, Host E and Sensitizer C may not each emit light. 
     Here, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence, and the emission components of the heterocyclic compound may be a total of prompt emission components of the heterocyclic compound and delayed fluorescence components by RISC of the heterocyclic compound. 
       FIG.  4 E  depicts the general energy transfer of the Fifth Embodiment. 
     Singlet excitons generated at a ratio of 25% in Host E included in the emission layer may be transferred to a singlet state of Sensitizer C through FRET, and energy of triplet excitons generated at a ratio of 75% in Host E may be transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer C, wherein the energy transferred to the singlet state of Sensitizer B may undergo ISC to the triplet state, and then, the triplet energy of Sensitizer B may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through FRET. The energy transferred to the triplet state of Sensitizer C may undergo RISC to the singlet state. In addition, in the case of Sensitizer C, the energy of the triplet excitons generated in Sensitizer C may undergo reverse transfer to Host E first, and then to the heterocyclic compound, thereby emitting light by reverse intersystem transfer. 
     Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to a dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency may be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device thus obtained has significantly reduced energy loss, lifespan characteristics thereof may be also improved. 
     In the Fifth Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host E and Sensitizer C, Host E and Sensitizer C may satisfy Condition E-1, E-2, and/or E-3: 
         S   1 ( H   E )≥ S   1 ( S   C )  Condition E-1
 
         S   1 ( S   C )≥ S   1 ( HC )  Condition E-2
 
         T   1 ( S   C )≥ T   1 ( HC )  Condition E-3
 
     wherein, in Conditions E-1, E-2, and E-3, 
     S 1 (H E ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host E, 
     S 1 (S C ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Sensitizer C, 
     S 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound, 
     T 1 (S C ) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Sensitizer C, and 
     T 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. 
     S 1 (H E ), S 1 (S C ), S 1 (HC), T 1 (S C ), and T 1 (HC) may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program with structure optimization performed at a degree of B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p). 
     When Host E, Sensitizer C, and the heterocyclic compound satisfy Condition E-1, E-2, and/or E-3, Dexter transfer and FRET from Sensitizer C to the heterocyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency. 
     In the Fifth Embodiment, an amount of Sensitizer C in the emission layer may be in a range of about 5 wt % to about 50 wt %, for example, about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %. Within these ranges, the energy transfer in the emission layer may be effectively achieved, and accordingly, an organic light-emitting device having high efficiency and a long lifespan may be obtained. 
     In the Fifth Embodiment, an amount of the heterocyclic compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, for example, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     [Host in Emission Layer  15 ] 
     The host may include no metal atom. 
     In an embodiment, the host may include one kind of host. When the host includes one kind of host, the one host may be a bipolar host, an electron-transporting host, or a hole-transporting host, which will be described below. 
     In one or more embodiments, the host may include a mixture of two or more different types of host. For example, the host may be a mixture of an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, a mixture of two types of electron-transporting hosts different from each other, or a mixture of two types of hole-transporting hosts different from each other. The electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host may be understood by referring to the related descriptions provided below. 
     In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron-transporting host including at least one electron-transporting moiety and a hole-transporting host that is free of an electron-transporting moiety. 
     In an embodiment, the electron-transporting moiety used herein may be a cyano group, a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, and a group represented by one of the following formulae: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formulae, *, *′, and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host included in the emission layer  15  may include at least one of a cyano group and a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host included in the emission layer  15  may include at least one cyano group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host included in the emission layer  15  may include at least one cyano group and at least one π electron depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, wherein the electron-transporting host may include at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron-transporting moiety, and the hole-transporting host may include at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group and may not include an electron-transporting moiety. 
     The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, and for example, may be: an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group; and a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other. 
     Meanwhile, the π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group may be: a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may be compounds represented by Formula E-1, and 
     the hole-transporting host may be a compound represented by Formula H-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
       [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21   &lt;Formula E-1&gt;
 
     wherein, in Formula E-1, 
     Ar 301  may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, 
     xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3, 
     L 301  may be a single bond, a group represented by one of the following formulae, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, wherein *, *′, and *″ in the following formulae each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     xb1 may be an integer from 1 to 5, 
     R 301  may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 ), —N(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), —B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), —C(═O)(Q 301 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 301 ), —S(═O)(Q 301 ), —P(═O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), or —P(═S)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), 
     xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5, 
     Q 301  to Q 303  may each independently be a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and 
     at least one of Conditions H-1 to H-3 may be satisfied: 
     Condition H-1: 
     at least one of Ar 301 , L 301 , and R 301  in Formula E-1 each independently includes a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, 
     Condition H-2: 
     L 301  in Formula E-1 is a group represented by one of the following formulae: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and 
     Condition H-3: 
     R 301  in Formula E-1 is a cyano group, —S(═O) 2 (Q 301 ), —S(═O)(Q 301 ), —P(═O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), and —P(═S)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein, in Formulae H-1, 11, and 12, 
     L 401  may be: 
     a single bond; or 
     a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, —Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), or any combination thereof, 
     xd1 may be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein, when xd1 is 2 or more, two or more of L 401  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     Ar 401  may be a group represented by Formulae 11 and 12, 
     Ar 402  may be: 
     a group represented by Formulae 11 or 12, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group; or 
     a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, or any combination thereof, 
     CY 401  and CY 402  may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, or a benzonaphthosilole group, 
     A 21  may be a single bond, O, S, N(R 51 ), C(R 51 )(R 52 ), or Si(R 51 )(R 52 ), 
     A 22  may be a single bond, O, S, N(R 53 ), C(R 53 )(R 54 ), or Si(R 53 )(R 54 ), 
     at least one of A 21  and A 22  in Formula 12 may not be a single bond, 
     R 51  to R 54 , R 60 , and R 70  may each independently be: 
     hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group; 
     a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group or a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; 
     a π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group (for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group); 
     a π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group (for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group), each substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group or any combination thereof; or 
     —Si(Q 404 )(Q 405 )(Q 406 ), 
     e1 and e2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, 
     Q 401  to Q 406  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, and 
     * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In an embodiment, Ar 301  and L 301  in Formula E-1 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof, 
     at least one of L 301 (s) in the number of xb1 may each independently be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof, and 
     R 301  may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing tetraphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and 
     Q 31  to Q 33  may each independently be a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In one or more embodiments, Ar 301  may be: 
     a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof; or 
     a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 or Formulae 6-1 to 6-33, and 
     L 301  may be a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and Formulae 6-1 to 6-33: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33, 
     Z 1  may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), 
     d4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, 
     d3 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, 
     d2 may be 0, 1, or 2, 
     * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, and 
     Q 31  to Q 33  may respectively be the same as described herein. 
     In one or more embodiments, L 301  may be a group represented by Formulae 5-2, 5-3, and 6-8 to 6-33. 
     In one or more embodiments, R 301  may be a cyano group or a group represented by one of Formula 7-1 to 7-18, and at least one of Ar 402 (s) in the number of xd11 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, 
     xb41 to xb44 may each be 0, 1, or 2, wherein xb41 in Formula 7-10 is not 0, the sum of xb41 and xb42 in Formulae 7-11 to 7-13 is not 0, the sum of xb41, xb42, and xb43 in Formulae 7-14 to 7-16 is not 0, the sum of xb41, xb42, xb43, and xb44 in Formulae 7-17 and 7-18 is not 0, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In Formula E-1, two or more of Ar 301  may be identical to or different from each other, and two or more of L 301  may be identical to or different from each other. In Formula H-1, two or more of L 401  may be identical to or different from each other, and two or more of Ar 402  may be identical to or different from each other. 
     In an embodiment, the electron-transporting host includes i) at least one of a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, or a combination thereof, or ii) a triphenylene group, and the hole-transporting host may include a carbazole group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may include at least one cyano group. 
     The electron-transporting host may be, for example, compounds of Groups HE1 to HE7, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may include DPEPO or TSPO1: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the hole-transporting host may be compounds of Group HH1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the bipolar host may be compounds of Group HEH1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Compounds 1 to 432, 
     Ph represents a phenyl group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the hole-transporting host may include o-CBP or mCP: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In an embodiment, the host may be a fluorescent host, and such a fluorescent host may be, for example, represented by one of Formulae FH-1 to FH-4. 
     In an embodiment, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-1: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula FH-1, 
     Ar 1  to Ar 3  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q 8 )(Q), 
     Ar 1  to Ar 3  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, 
     L 10  may be an unsubstituted or substituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     a10 may be an integer from 0 to 3, wherein, when a10 is 2 or more, two or more of L 10  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     R 10  and R 20  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q 8 )(Q), 
     b10 and b20 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 8, 
     when b10 is 2 or more, two or more of R 10  may be identical to or different from each other, and when b20 is 2 or more, two or more of R 20  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     c10 may be an integer from 1 to 9, and 
     when c10 is 2 or more two or more of -[(L 10 ) a10 -(R 10 ) b10 ] may be identical to or different from each other. 
     In detail, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-1 may be compounds of Group FH1, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-2: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula FH-2, 
     X 1  may be O or S, 
     A 1  may be a C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, 
     L 11  may be an unsubstituted or substituted C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, 
     a11 may be an integer from 0 to 3, 
     Ar 11  and Ar 12  may each independently be a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R a , 
     b11 may be an integer from 1 to 5, 
     R 11 , R 12 , and R a  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), or —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), 
     c11 may be an integer from 1 to 20, 
     c12 may be an integer from 1 to 4, 
     when c11 is 2 or more, two neighboring R 11 (s) may optionally be linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     when c12 is 2 or more, two neighboring R 12 (s) may optionally be linked to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     A 1  and Ar 12  may optionally be linked to each other via a first linking group a single bond, *—Ar 31 —*′, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—[C(R 31 )(R 32 )] k11 —*′, *—C(R 31 )═*′, *═C(R 31 )—*′, *—C(R 31 )═C(R 32 )—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—N(R 31 )—*′, *—P(R 31 )—*′, *—[Si(R 31 )(R 32 )] k11 —*, or *—P(R 31 )(R 32 )—*′ to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     Ar 31  may be a C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group, 
     R 31  and R 32  may each be the same as described in connection with R 11 , and 
     k11 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4. 
     In detail, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-2 may be a compound of Group FH2, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-3: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula FH-3, 
     Ar 1  may be a group represented by Formula 2: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula 2, Ar 1  may include at least one cyano group, 
     A 1  and A 2  may each independently be a C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     L 1  may be an unsubstituted or substituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     a1 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, 
     when a1 is two or more, two or more of L 1  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     m1 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, and 
     Ar 11  may be a group represented by Formula 4, Ar 12  may be a group represented by Formula 5, and Ar 13  may be a group represented by Formula 6: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein, in the formulae above, 
     R 1 , R 10 , R 20 , R 30 , R 40 , R 50 , and R 60  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q 8 )(Q 9 ), 
     b1 may be an integer from 1 to 5, 
     when b1 is two or more, two or more of R 1  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     b10 may be an integer from 1 to 8, 
     when b10 is two or more, two or more of R 10  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     b20 and b30 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 4, 
     when b20 is 2 or more, two or more of R 20  may be identical to or different from each other, and when b30 is 2 or more, two or more of R 30  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     b40, b50, and b60 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 4, 
     when b40 is 2 or more, two or more of R 40  may be identical to or different from each other, when b50 is 2 or more, two or more of R 50  may be identical to or different from each other, and when b60 is 2 or more, two or more of R 60  may be identical to or different from each other, and 
     * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom. 
     In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-3 may be a compound of Group FH3, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-4: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula FH-4, 
     X 1  may be O or Se, 
     Ar 1  may be a group represented by Formula 1A, and Ar 2  may be a group represented by Formula 1B: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 1A and 1B, 
     L 1  and L 2  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, 
     a1 and a2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3, 
     when a1 is 2 or more, two or more of Li may be identical to or different from each other, and when a2 is 2 or more, two or more of L 2  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     R 1 , R 2 , R 10 , R 20 , R 30 , and R 40  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q 8 )(Q 9 ), 
     b1 and b2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5, 
     when b1 is 2 or more, two or more of R 1  may be identical to or different from each other, and when b2 is 2 or more, two or more of R 2  may be identical to or different from each other, 
     b10 and b20 may each independently an integer from 1 to 8, 
     b30 and b40 may each independently an integer from 1 to 3, 
     c1 and c2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 8, and 
     the sum of b10 and c1 may be 9, and the sum of b20 and c2 may be 9. 
     In detail, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-4 may be a compound of Group FH4, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     When the host is a mixture of the electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host, a weight ratio of the electron-transporting host to the hole-transporting host may be in a range of about 1:9 to about 9:1, for example, about 2:8 to about 8:2, for example, about 4:6 to about 6:4, for example, about 5:5. When the weight ratio of the electron-transporting host to the hole-transporting host is within the ranges above, the hole-and-electron-transporting balance in the emission layer  15  may be achieved. 
     [Dopant in Emission Layer  15 ] 
     The dopant included in the emission layer  15  may include the heterocyclic compound. 
     [Sensitizer in Emission Layer  15 ] 
     In an embodiment, the sensitizer included in the emission layer  15  may include a phosphorescent sensitizer including at least one metal a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, a third-row transition metal, or a combination thereof, of the Periodic Table of Elements. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may include an organic ligand L 1  and at least one metal M11 of a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein L 1  and M11 may form 1, 2, 3, or 4 cyclometallated rings. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 103: 
       M 11 (L 11 ) n11 (L 12 ) n12   Formula 103
 
     wherein, in Formula 103, 
     M 11  may be a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, 
     L 11  may be a ligand represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4, 
     L 12  may be a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand, 
     n11 may be 1, and 
     n12 may be 0, 1, or 2, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 1-1 to 1-4, 
     A 1  to A 4  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 33  heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group, 
     Y 11  to Y 14  may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, N(R 91 ), B(R 91 ), P(R 91 ), or C(R 91 )(R 92 ), 
     T 1  to T 4  may each independently be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R 93 )—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═Q)-*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O) 2 —*′, *—C(R 93 )═*′, *═C(R 93 )—*′, *—C(R 93 )═C(R 94 )—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, 
     a substituent of the substituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group, a substituent of substituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, and R 91  to R 94  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), wherein each of a substituent of the substituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group and a substituent of substituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group may not be hydrogen, 
     * 1 , * 2 , * 3 , and * 4  each indicate a binding site to M 11 , and 
     Q 1  to Q 3  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkyl heteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, or a combination thereof, or a C 6 -C 60  aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, or a combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be a compound of Groups I to X, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Group V 
     a compound represented by Formula A: 
       (L 101 ) n101 -M 101 -(L 102 ) m101   Formula A
 
     wherein, in Formula A, L 101 , n101, M 101 , L 102 , and m101 may respectively be the same as described in Tables 2 to 4: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compound 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 name 
                 L 101   
                 n101 
                 M 101   
                 L 102   
                 m101 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 BD001 
                 LM1 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD002 
                 LM2 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD003 
                 LM3 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD004 
                 LM4 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD005 
                 LM5 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD006 
                 LM6 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD007 
                 LM7 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD008 
                 LM8 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD009 
                 LM9 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD010 
                 LM10 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD011 
                 LM11 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD012 
                 LM12 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD013 
                 LM13 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD014 
                 LM14 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD015 
                 LM15 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD016 
                 LM16 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD017 
                 LM17 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD018 
                 LM18 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD019 
                 LM19 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD020 
                 LM20 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD021 
                 LM21 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD022 
                 LM22 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD023 
                 LM23 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD024 
                 LM24 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD025 
                 LM25 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD026 
                 LM26 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD027 
                 LM27 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD028 
                 LM28 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD029 
                 LM29 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD030 
                 LM30 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD031 
                 LM31 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD032 
                 LM32 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD033 
                 LM33 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD034 
                 LM34 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD035 
                 LM35 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD036 
                 LM36 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD037 
                 LM37 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD038 
                 LM38 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD039 
                 LM39 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD040 
                 LM40 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD041 
                 LM41 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD042 
                 LM42 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD043 
                 LM43 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD044 
                 LM44 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD045 
                 LM45 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD046 
                 LM46 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD047 
                 LM47 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD048 
                 LM48 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD049 
                 LM49 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD050 
                 LM50 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD051 
                 LM51 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD052 
                 LM52 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD053 
                 LM53 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD054 
                 LM54 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD055 
                 LM55 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD056 
                 LM56 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD057 
                 LM57 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD058 
                 LM58 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD059 
                 LM59 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD060 
                 LM60 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD061 
                 LM61 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD062 
                 LM62 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD063 
                 LM63 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD064 
                 LM64 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD065 
                 LM65 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD066 
                 LM66 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD067 
                 LM67 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD068 
                 LM68 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD069 
                 LM69 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD070 
                 LM70 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD071 
                 LM71 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD072 
                 LM72 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD073 
                 LM73 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD074 
                 LM74 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD075 
                 LM75 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD076 
                 LM76 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD077 
                 LM77 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD078 
                 LM78 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD079 
                 LM79 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD080 
                 LM80 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD081 
                 LM81 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD082 
                 LM82 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD083 
                 LM83 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD084 
                 LM84 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD085 
                 LM85 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD086 
                 LM86 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD087 
                 LM87 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD088 
                 LM88 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD089 
                 LM89 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD090 
                 LM90 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD091 
                 LM91 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD092 
                 LM92 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD093 
                 LM93 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD094 
                 LM94 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD095 
                 LM95 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD096 
                 LM96 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD097 
                 LM97 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD098 
                 LM98 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD099 
                 LM99 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD100 
                 LM100 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compound 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 name 
                 L 101   
                 n101 
                 M 101   
                 L 102   
                 m101 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 BD101 
                 LM101 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD102 
                 LM102 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD103 
                 LM103 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD104 
                 LM104 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD105 
                 LM105 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD106 
                 LM106 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD107 
                 LM107 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD108 
                 LM108 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD109 
                 LM109 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD110 
                 LM110 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD111 
                 LM111 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD112 
                 LM112 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD113 
                 LM113 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD114 
                 LM114 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD115 
                 LM115 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD116 
                 LM116 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD117 
                 LM117 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD118 
                 LM118 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD119 
                 LM119 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD120 
                 LM120 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD121 
                 LM121 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD122 
                 LM122 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD123 
                 LM123 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD124 
                 LM124 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD125 
                 LM125 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD126 
                 LM126 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD127 
                 LM127 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD128 
                 LM128 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD129 
                 LM129 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD130 
                 LM130 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD131 
                 LM131 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD132 
                 LM132 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD133 
                 LM133 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD134 
                 LM134 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD135 
                 LM135 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD136 
                 LM136 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD137 
                 LM137 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD138 
                 LM138 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD139 
                 LM139 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD140 
                 LM140 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD141 
                 LM141 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD142 
                 LM142 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD143 
                 LM143 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD144 
                 LM144 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD145 
                 LM145 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD146 
                 LM146 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD147 
                 LM147 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD148 
                 LM148 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD149 
                 LM149 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD150 
                 LM150 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD151 
                 LM151 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD152 
                 LM152 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD153 
                 LM153 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD154 
                 LM154 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD155 
                 LM155 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD156 
                 LM156 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD157 
                 LM157 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD158 
                 LM158 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD159 
                 LM159 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD160 
                 LM160 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD161 
                 LM161 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD162 
                 LM162 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD163 
                 LM163 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD164 
                 LM164 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD165 
                 LM165 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD166 
                 LM166 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD167 
                 LM167 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD168 
                 LM168 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD169 
                 LM169 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD170 
                 LM170 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD171 
                 LM171 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD172 
                 LM172 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD173 
                 LM173 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD174 
                 LM174 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD175 
                 LM175 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD176 
                 LM176 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD177 
                 LM177 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD178 
                 LM178 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD179 
                 LM179 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD180 
                 LM180 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD181 
                 LM181 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD182 
                 LM182 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD183 
                 LM183 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD184 
                 LM184 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD185 
                 LM185 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD186 
                 LM186 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD187 
                 LM187 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD188 
                 LM188 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD189 
                 LM189 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD190 
                 LM190 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD191 
                 LM191 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD192 
                 LM192 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD193 
                 LM193 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD194 
                 LM194 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD195 
                 LM195 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD196 
                 LM196 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD197 
                 LM197 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD198 
                 LM198 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD199 
                 LM199 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD200 
                 LM200 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compound 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 name 
                 L 101   
                 n101 
                 M 101   
                 L 102   
                 m101 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 BD201 
                 LM201 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD202 
                 LM202 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD203 
                 LM203 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD204 
                 LM204 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD205 
                 LM205 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD206 
                 LM206 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD207 
                 LM207 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD208 
                 LM208 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD209 
                 LM209 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD210 
                 LM210 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD211 
                 LM211 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD212 
                 LM212 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD213 
                 LM213 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD214 
                 LM214 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD215 
                 LM215 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD216 
                 LM216 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD217 
                 LM217 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD218 
                 LM218 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD219 
                 LM219 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD220 
                 LM220 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD221 
                 LM221 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD222 
                 LM222 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD223 
                 LM223 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD224 
                 LM224 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD225 
                 LM225 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD226 
                 LM226 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD227 
                 LM227 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD228 
                 LM228 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD229 
                 LM229 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD230 
                 LM230 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD231 
                 LM231 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD232 
                 LM232 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD233 
                 LM233 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD234 
                 LM234 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD235 
                 LM235 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD236 
                 LM236 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD237 
                 LM237 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD238 
                 LM238 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD239 
                 LM239 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD240 
                 LM240 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD241 
                 LM241 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD242 
                 LM242 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD243 
                 LM243 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD244 
                 LFM1 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD245 
                 LFM2 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD246 
                 LFM3 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD247 
                 LFM4 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD248 
                 LFM5 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD249 
                 LFM6 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD250 
                 LFM7 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD251 
                 LFP1 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD252 
                 LFP2 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD253 
                 LFP3 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD254 
                 LFP4 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD255 
                 LFP5 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD256 
                 LFP6 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD257 
                 LFP7 
                 3 
                 Ir 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD258 
                 LM47 
                 2 
                 Ir 
                 AN1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD259 
                 LM47 
                 2 
                 Ir 
                 AN2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD260 
                 LM47 
                 2 
                 Ir 
                 AN3 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD261 
                 LM47 
                 2 
                 Ir 
                 AN4 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD262 
                 LM47 
                 2 
                 Ir 
                 AN5 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD263 
                 LM11 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD264 
                 LM13 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD265 
                 LM15 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD266 
                 LM45 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD267 
                 LM47 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD268 
                 LM49 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD269 
                 LM98 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD270 
                 LM100 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD271 
                 LM102 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD272 
                 LM132 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD273 
                 LM134 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD274 
                 LM136 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD275 
                 LM151 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD276 
                 LM153 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD277 
                 LM158 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD278 
                 LM180 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD279 
                 LM182 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD280 
                 LM187 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD281 
                 LM201 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD282 
                 LM206 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD283 
                 LM211 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD284 
                 LM233 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD285 
                 LM235 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD286 
                 LM240 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD287 
                 LFM5 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD288 
                 LFM6 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD289 
                 LFM7 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD290 
                 LFP5 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD291 
                 LFP6 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD292 
                 LFP7 
                 2 
                 Pt 
                 — 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 BD293 
                 LM47 
                 1 
                 Pt 
                 AN1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD294 
                 LM47 
                 1 
                 Pt 
                 AN2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD295 
                 LM47 
                 1 
                 Pt 
                 AN3 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD296 
                 LM47 
                 1 
                 Pt 
                 AN4 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 BD297 
                 LM47 
                 1 
                 Pt 
                 AN5 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Tables 2 to 4, LM1 to LM243 may respectively be understood by referring to Formulae 1-1 to 1-3 and Tables 5 to 7: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Formula 1-1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ligand 
                 R 11   
                 R 12   
                 R 13   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
                 R 17   
                 R 18   
                 R 19   
                 R 20   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LM1 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM2 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM3 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM4 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM5 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM6 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM7 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM8 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM9 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM10 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM11 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM12 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM13 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM14 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM15 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM16 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM17 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM18 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM19 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM20 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM21 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM22 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM23 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM24 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM25 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X3 
                 H 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM26 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM27 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM28 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM29 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X3 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM30 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM31 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM32 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM33 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM34 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y11 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM35 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM36 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM37 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM38 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM39 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM40 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM41 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM42 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM43 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM44 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM45 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM46 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM47 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM48 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM49 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM50 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM51 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM52 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM53 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM54 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM55 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM56 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM57 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM58 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM59 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM60 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM61 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM62 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM63 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X4 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM64 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM65 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM66 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM67 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM68 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM69 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM70 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM71 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM72 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM73 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM74 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM75 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM76 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM77 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM78 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM79 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM80 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM81 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM82 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM83 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM84 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM85 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM86 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM87 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM88 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM89 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM90 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM91 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM92 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM93 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X5 
                 H 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM94 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM95 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM96 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM97 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X5 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM98 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM99 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM100 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM101 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM102 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y13 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM103 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM104 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM105 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM106 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM107 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM108 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM109 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM110 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM111 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM112 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM113 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM114 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM115 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM116 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM117 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM118 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM119 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM120 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM121 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM122 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM123 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM124 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM125 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM126 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM127 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X6 
                 H 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM128 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM129 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM130 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM131 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X6 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM132 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM133 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM134 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM135 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM136 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y14 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM137 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM138 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM139 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM140 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM141 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM142 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM143 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM144 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM145 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM146 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM147 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 X8 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM148 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM149 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM150 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM151 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM152 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM153 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM154 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM155 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM156 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM157 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM158 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM159 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM160 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM161 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM162 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM163 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM164 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM165 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM166 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM167 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM168 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM169 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM170 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM171 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM172 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM173 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM174 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM175 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM176 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 X8 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM177 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM178 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM179 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM180 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM181 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM182 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM183 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM184 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM185 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM186 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM187 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM188 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM189 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM190 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM191 
                 X1 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM192 
                 X1 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM193 
                 X1 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM194 
                 Y1 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y1 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM195 
                 Y2 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM196 
                 Y3 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM197 
                 Y3 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM198 
                 Y3 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM199 
                 Y3 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM200 
                 Y3 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM201 
                 Y3 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM202 
                 Y3 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM203 
                 Y3 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM204 
                 Y3 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM205 
                 Y3 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM206 
                 Y3 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM207 
                 Y3 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM208 
                 Y3 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM209 
                 Y3 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM210 
                 Y3 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM211 
                 Y3 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM212 
                 Y3 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM213 
                 Y3 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM214 
                 Y3 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM215 
                 X2 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM216 
                 X2 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 H 
               
               
                 LM217 
                 X2 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 X2 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM218 
                 Y4 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y4 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM219 
                 Y5 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y5 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM220 
                 Y6 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y6 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM221 
                 Y7 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM222 
                 Y8 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y8 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM223 
                 Y9 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y9 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM224 
                 Y10 
                 X7 
                 H 
                 H 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM225 
                 Y10 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM226 
                 Y10 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 H 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM227 
                 Y10 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM228 
                 Y10 
                 X7 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM229 
                 Y10 
                 X8 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM230 
                 Y10 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM231 
                 Y10 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM232 
                 Y10 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM233 
                 Y10 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM234 
                 Y10 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X1 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM235 
                 Y10 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM236 
                 Y10 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM237 
                 Y10 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM238 
                 Y10 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM239 
                 Y10 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 H 
                 X4 
                 H 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM240 
                 Y10 
                 Y15 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM241 
                 Y10 
                 Y16 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM242 
                 Y10 
                 Y17 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LM243 
                 Y10 
                 Y18 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Formula 1-2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ligand 
                 R 11   
                 X 11   
                 R 101   
                 R 102   
                 R 103   
                 R 104   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
                 R 17   
                 R 18   
                 R 19   
                 R 20   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LFM1 
                 Y10 
                 N-Ph 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFM2 
                 Y10 
                 S 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFM3 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFM4 
                 Y3 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFM5 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFM6 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFM7 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Formula 1-3 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ligand 
                 R 11   
                 X 11   
                 R 101   
                 R 102   
                 R 103   
                 R 104   
                 R 14   
                 R 15   
                 R 16   
                 R 17   
                 R 18   
                 R 19   
                 R 20   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LFP1 
                 Y10 
                 N-Ph 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFP2 
                 Y10 
                 S 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFP3 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFP4 
                 Y3 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFP5 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFP6 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y3 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                 LFP7 
                 Y10 
                 O 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
                 Y10 
                 D 
                 Y12 
                 D 
                 D 
                 D 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Tables 5 to 7, X1 to X10 and Y1 to Y18 are the same as described below, and Ph represents a phenyl group: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be represented by Formula 101 or 102, and in this regard, the sensitizer may be referred to as a delayed fluorescence sensitizer: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 101 and 102, 
     A 21  may be an acceptor group, 
     D 21  may be a donor group, 
     m21 may be 1, 2, or 3, and n21 may be 1, 2, or 3, 
     the sum of n21 and m21 in Formula 101 may be 6 or less, and the sum of n21 and m21 in Formula 102 may be 5 or less, 
     R 21  may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  alkylheteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60  heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), wherein a plurality of R 21  may optionally be linked together to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, and 
     Q 1  to Q 3  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 7 -C 60  alkylaryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkyl heteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroarylthio group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group that is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, or a combination thereof, or a C 6 -C 60  aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, or a combination thereof. 
     For example, in Formulae 101 and 102, A 21  may be a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group. 
     In an embodiment, the π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group may be: a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group; or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In an embodiment, in Formulae 101 and 102, D 21  may be: 
     —F, a cyano group, or a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group; 
     a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group, each substituted with at least one —F, a cyano group, or a combination thereof; or 
     a π-electron depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group substituted with at least one deuterium, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a π electron depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, a π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group, or a combination thereof. 
     In detail, the π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group may be the same as described herein. 
     The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, and for example, may be: an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, or a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group; or a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be compounds of Groups XI to XV, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     [Hole Transport Region  12 ] 
     In the organic light-emitting device  10 , the hole transporting region  12  may be arranged between the first electrode  11  and the emission layer  15 . 
     The hole transport region  12  may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. 
     For example, the hole transport region  12  may have a hole injection layer structure, a hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/first hole transport layer/second hole transport layer structure, a hole transport layer/interlayer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/interlayer structure, a hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The hole transport region  12  may include any compound having hole-transporting properties. 
     For example, the hole transport region  12  may include an amine-based compound. 
     In an embodiment, the hole transport region  12  may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201 to 205, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 201 to 205, 
     L 201  to L 209  may each independently *-be O—*′, *—S—*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, 
     xa1 to xa9 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and 
     R 201  to R 206  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein neighboring two groups of R 201  to R 206  may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group. 
     For example, 
     L 201  to L 209  may each independently be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), or any combination thereof, 
     xa1 to xa9 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, 
     R 201  to R 206  may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a benzofurocarbazolyl group, or a benzothienocarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof, and 
     Q 11  to Q 13  and Q 31  to Q 33  may each independently be a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region  12  may include a carbazole-containing amine-based compound. 
     In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region  12  may include a carbazole-containing amine-based compound and a carbazole-free amine-based compound. 
     The carbazole-containing amine-based compound may be, for example, a compound represented by Formula 201 including a carbazole group and further including at least one of a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or any combination thereof. 
     The carbazole-free amine-based compound may be, for example, a compound represented by Formula 201 which does not include a carbazole group and which includes at least one of a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or any combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region  12  may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201 or 202. 
     In an embodiment, the hole transport region  12  may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201-1, 202-1, or 201-2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formulae 201-1, 202-1, and 201-2, L 201  to L 203 , L 205 , xa1 to xa3, xa5, R 201  and R 202  may respectively be the same as described herein, and R 211  to R 213  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a dimethylfluorenyl group, a diphenylfluorenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, or a pyridinyl group. 
     For example, the hole transport region  12  may include at least one of Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region  12  may include at least one of 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC), tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), or any combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region  12  of the organic light-emitting device  10  may further include a p-dopant. When the hole transport region  12  further includes a p-dopant, the hole transport region  12  may have a structure including a matrix (for example, at least one of compounds represented by Formulae 201 to 205) and a p-dopant included in the matrix. The p-dopant may be uniformly or non-uniformly doped in the hole transport region  12 . 
     For example, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the p-dopant may be about −3.5 eV or less. 
     The p-dopant may include at least one a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a cyano group-containing compound, or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In an embodiment, the p-dopant may include at least one of: 
     a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ),2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), and F6-TCNNQ; 
     a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide; 
     1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); 
     a compound represented by Formula 221, or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula 221, 
     R 221  to R 223  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least one of R 221  to R 223  may have at least one of a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group substituted with —F, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group substituted with —Br, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group substituted with —I, or any combination thereof. 
     The hole transport region  12  may have a thickness in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 400 Å to about 2,000 Å, and the emission layer  15  may have a thickness in a range of about 100 Å to about 3,000 Å, for example, about 300 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the thickness of each of the hole transport region  12  and the emission layer  15  is within these ranges, satisfactory hole transportation characteristics and/or luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage. 
     [Electron Transport Region  17 ] 
     The electron transport region  17  is arranged between the emission layer  15  and the second electrode  19  of the organic light-emitting device  10 . 
     The electron transport region  17  may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. 
     For example, the electron transport region  17  may have an electron transport layer structure, an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a buffer layer/electron transport layer structure, hole blocking layer/electron transport layer structure, a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region  17  may further include an electron control layer. 
     The electron transport region  17  may include a known electron-transporting material. 
     The electron transport region  17  (for example, a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group. The π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group may be the same as described above. 
     In an embodiment, the electron transport region  17  may include a compound represented by Formula 601: 
       [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21   Formula 601
 
     wherein, in Formula 601, 
     Ar 601  and L 601  may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group, 
     xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3, 
     xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5, 
     R 601  may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), —C(═O)(Q 601 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 601 ), or —P(═O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ), 
     Q 601  to Q 603  may each independently be a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and 
     xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5. 
     In an embodiment, at least one of Ar 601 (s) in the number of xe11 and R 601 (s) in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group. 
     In an embodiment, Ar 601  and L 601  in Formula 601 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof, and 
     Q 31  to Q 33  may each independently be a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group. 
     When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar 601  may be linked together via a single bond. 
     In one or more embodiments, Ar 601  in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group. 
     In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In Formula 601-1, 
     X 614  may be N or C(R 614 ), X 615  may be N or C(R 615 ), X 616  may be N or C(R 616 ), and at least one of X 614  to X 616  may be N, 
     L 611  to L 613  may each independently be the same as described in connection with L 601 , 
     xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xe1, 
     R 611  to R 613  may each independently be the same as described in connection with R 601 , and 
     R 614  to R 616  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group. 
     In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2. 
     In one or more embodiments, R 601  and R 611  to R 613  in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be: 
     a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20  alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, or any combination thereof, and 
     —S(═O) 2 (Q 601 ) or —P(═O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ), and 
     Q 601  and Q 602  may respectively be the same as described above. 
     In an embodiment, the electron transport region  17  may include at least one compound of Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region  17  may include at least one compound of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq 3 , BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi), NTAZ, or any combination thereof: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer are within these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron control characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage. 
     A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within these ranges, satisfactory electron transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage. 
     The electron transport region  17  (for example, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material. 
     The metal-containing material may include at least one of an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, or a combination thereof. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion of a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, a Cs ion, or any combination thereof, and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include a metal ion of a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, a Ba ion, or any combination thereof. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be a hydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, a hydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, or a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In an embodiment, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate (LiQ)) or ET-D2: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The electron transport region  17  may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode  19 . The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode  19 . 
     The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials. 
     The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof. 
     The alkali metal may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs. In an embodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The alkaline earth metal may be Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba. 
     The rare earth metal may be Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, or Gd. 
     The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may be an oxide or a halide (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth-metal, or the rare earth metal. 
     The alkali metal compound may be an alkali metal oxide, such as Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, or K 2 O, or alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI. In an embodiment, the alkali metal compound may be LiF, Li 2 O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The alkaline earth-metal compound may be an alkaline earth-metal oxide, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (0&lt;x&lt;1), or Ba x Ca 1-x O (0&lt;x&lt;1). In an embodiment, the alkaline earth-metal compound may be BaO, SrO, or CaO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The rare earth metal compound may be YbF 3 , ScF 3 , ScO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , GdF 3 , or TbF 3 . In an embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may be YbF 3 , ScF 3 , TbF 3 , YbI 3 , ScI 3 , or TbI 3 , but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may include an ion of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth-metal, or a rare earth metal as described above, and a ligand coordinated with a metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, or the rare earth metal complex may be hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxy benzoquinoline, hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxy phenyloxazole, hydroxy phenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, or cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The electron injection layer may comprise of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof, as described above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material. 
     A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within these ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage. 
     [Second Electrode  19 ] 
     The second electrode  19  is arranged on the organic layer  10  Å having such a structure. The second electrode  19  may be a cathode which is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode  19  may be a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function. 
     The second electrode  19  may include at least one lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode  19  may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. 
     The second electrode  19  may have a single-layered structure having a single layer or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. 
     Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to  FIG.  1   , but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     Description of FIG.  2   
       FIG.  2    is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device  100  according to another exemplary embodiment. 
     The organic light-emitting device  100  of  FIG.  2    includes a first electrode  110 , a second electrode  190  facing the first electrode  110 , and a first emitting unit  151  and a second emitting unit  152  between the first electrode  110  and the second electrode  190 . A charge generation layer  141  is arranged between the first emitting unit  151  and the second emitting unit  152 , and the charge generation layer  141  may include an n-type charge generation layer  141 -N and a p-type charge generation layer  141 -P. The charge generation layer  141  is a layer that generates a charge and supplies the charge to neighboring emitting units, and any known material may be used therefor. 
     The first emitting unit  151  may include a first emission layer  151 -EM, and the second emitting unit  152  may include a second emission layer  152 -EM. A maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emitting unit  151  may be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emitting unit  152 . For example, the mixed light including the light emitted from the first emitting unit  151  and the light emitted from the second emitting unit  152  may be white light, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The hole transport region  120  is arranged between the first emitting unit  151  and the first electrode  110 , and the second emitting unit  152  may include a first hole transport region  121  arranged on the side of the first electrode  110 . 
     An electron transport region  170  is arranged between the second emitting unit  152  and the second electrode  190 , and the first emitting unit  151  may include a first electron transport region  171  arranged between the charge generation layer  141  and the first emission layer  151 -EM. 
     The first emission layer  151 -EM may include the heterocyclic compound. 
     The second emission layer  152 -EM may include the heterocyclic compound. 
     The first electrode  110  and the second electrode  190  illustrated in  FIG.  2    may be the same as described in connection with the first electrode  11  and the second electrode  19  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The first emission layer  151 -EM and the second emission layer  152 -EM illustrated in  FIG.  2    may each be the same as described in connection with the emission layer  15  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The hole transport region  120  and the first hole transport region  121  illustrated in  FIG.  2    may each be the same as described in connection with the hole transport region  12  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The electron transport region  170  and the first electron transport region  171  illustrated in  FIG.  2    may each be the same as described in connection with the electron transport region  17  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     As described above, referring to  FIG.  2   , the organic light-emitting device in which each of the first emitting unit  151  and the second emitting unit  152  includes the emission layer including the host, the dopant, and the sensitizer, has been described. However, the organic light-emitting device may have various other forms. For example, one of the first emitting unit  151  and the second emitting unit  152  of the organic light-emitting device  100  of  FIG.  2    may be replaced with any known emitting unit, or may include three or more emitting units. 
     [Description of FIG.  3 ] 
       FIG.  3    is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device  200  according to another exemplary embodiment. 
     The organic light-emitting device  200  includes a first electrode  210 , a second electrode  290  facing the first electrode  210 , and a first emission layer  251  and a second emission layer  252  which are stacked between the first electrode  210  and the second electrode  290 . 
     A maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the first emission layer  251  may be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from the second emission layer  252 . For example, the mixed light of the light emitted from the first emission layer  251  and the light emitted from the second emission layer  252  may be white light, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     In an embodiment, a hole transport region  220  may be arranged between the first emission layer  251  and the first electrode  210 , and an electron transport region  270  may be arranged between the second emission layer  252  and the second electrode  290 . 
     The first emission layer  251  may include the heterocyclic compound. 
     The second emission layer  252  may include the heterocyclic compound. 
     The first electrode  210 , the hole transport region  220 , and the second electrode  290  illustrated in  FIG.  3    may each be the same as described in connection with the first electrode  11 , the hole transport region  12 , and the second electrode  19  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The first emission layer  251  and the second emission layer  252  illustrated in  FIG.  3    may each be the same as described in connection with the emission layer  15  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The electron transport region  270  illustrated in  FIG.  3    may be the same as described in connection with the electron transport region  17  illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     As described above, referring to  FIG.  3   , the organic light-emitting device in which both the first emission layer  251  and the second emission layer  252  include the heterocyclic compound has been described. However, any one of the two emission layers  251  and  252  in the organic light-emitting device may be replaced with a known layer, the organic light-emitting device may include three or more emission layers, or the organic light-emitting device may further include an interlayer arranged between neighboring emission layers. As such, various modifications of the organic light-emitting device may be provided. 
     Electronic Apparatus 
     The organic light-emitting device may be included in various electronic apparatuses. 
     The electronic apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor in addition to the organic light-emitting device as described above. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an activation layer, wherein any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. 
     Explanation of Terms 
     The term “C 1 -C 60  alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C 1 -C 60  alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 60  alkyl group. 
     The term “C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA 101  (wherein A 101  is the C 1 -C 60  alkyl group), and examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an isopropyloxy group, and the like. 
     The term “C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C 2 -C 60  alkyl group, and examples thereof are an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, and the like. The term “C 2 -C 60  alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group. 
     The term “C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C 2 -C 60  alkyl group, and examples thereof are an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, and the like. The term “C 2 -C 60  alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group. 
     The term “C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and the like. The term “C 3 -C 10  cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group. 
     The term “C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te or a combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof are a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, and the like. The term “C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group. 
     The term “C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and examples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, and the like. The term “C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group. 
     The term “C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te or a combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of the C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group, and the like. The term “C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group. 
     The term “C 6 -C 60  aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C 6 -C 60  arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C 6 -C 60  aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and the like. When the C 6 -C 60  aryl group and the C 6 -C 60  arylene group each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other. 
     The term “C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocarbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C 1 -C 60  heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom N, O, P, S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or a combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, and the like. When the C 6 -C 60  heteroaryl group and the C 6 -C 60  heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other. 
     The term “C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —OA 102  (wherein A 102  is the C 6 -C 60  aryl group), and the term “C 6 -C 60  arylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA 103  (wherein A 103  is the C 6 -C 60  aryl group). 
     The “(C 1 -C 20  alkyl) ‘X’ group” refers to a ‘X’ group substituted with at least one C 1 -C 20  alkyl group. For example, The “(C 1 -C 20  alkyl)C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one C 1 -C 20  alkyl group, and the “(C 1 -C 20  alkyl)phenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one C 1 -C 20  alkyl group. Examples of the (C 1  alkyl)phenyl group may include a toluyl group. 
     The term “monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group including two or more rings that are condensed with each other, including only carbon as a ring-forming atom (for example, 8 to 60 carbon atoms), and having aromaticity throughout its entire molecular structure. The term “divalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group described above. 
     The term “monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed to each other, a heteroatom N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or a combination thereof other than carbon atoms (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity throughout its entire molecular structure. The term “divalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group described above. 
     The term “monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group including two or more rings that are condensed with each other, including only carbon as a ring-forming atom (for example, 8 to 60 carbon atoms), and having non-aromaticity throughout its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group are a fluorenyl group and the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group described above. 
     The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed to each other, including a heteroatom N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or a combination thereof other than carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, and having no aromaticity throughout its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group are a carbazolyl group and the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group described above. 
     The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C 1 -C 60  cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including at least one *—N═*′ (wherein * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom) as a ring-forming moiety, and examples thereof are a) first ring, b) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, or c) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring. 
     The term “π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and not including *—N═*′ (wherein * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom) as a ring-forming moiety, examples thereof are a) a second ring or b) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other. 
     The term “C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group, each having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof are a) a third ring or b) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more third rings are condensed with each other. 
     The term “C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group, each having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof are a) a fourth ring, b) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more fourth rings are condensed with each other, or c) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one third ring and at least one four ring are condensed with each other. 
     The term “first ring” as used herein may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, or a thiadiazole group. 
     The term “second ring” as used herein may be a benzene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, or a silole group. 
     The term “third ring” as used herein may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentadiene group, an indene group, an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane group (a norbornane group)), a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, or a benzene group. 
     The term “fourth ring” as used herein may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, an isoxadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, an isoxatriazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an isothiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, an isothiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a diazasilole group, a triazasilole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, or a triazine group. 
     For example, the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C 1 -C 60  cyclic group may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an acridine group, or a pyridopyrazine group. 
     For example, the π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a naphthopyrrole group, a naphthofuran group, a naphthothiophene group, a naphthosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, a pyrrolophenanthrene group, a furanophenanthrene group, a thienophenanthrene group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, an (indolo)phenanthrene group, a (benzofuran)phenanthrene group, or a (benzothieno)phenanthrene group. 
     For example, the C 5 -C 60  carbocyclic group may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a cyclopentadiene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group. 
     For example, the C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group may be a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, a borole group, phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, or a benzothiadiazole group. 
     The π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C 1 -C 60  cyclic group, the π electron-rich C 3 -C 60  cyclic group, the C 5 -C 60  cyclic group, and the C 1 -C 60  heterocyclic group may each be a part of a condensed cycle or a monovalent, a divalent, a trivalent, a tetravalent, a pentavalent, or a hexavalent group, depending on the formula structure. 
     A substituent of at least one of the substituted C 5 -C 30  carbocyclic group, the substituted C 1 -C 30  heterocyclic group, the substituted C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, the substituted C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, the substituted C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, the substituted C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, the substituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, the substituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C 6 -C 60  aryl group, the substituted C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, the substituted C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, the substituted C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be: 
     deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group; 
     a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —Si(Q 13 )(Q 14 )(Q 15 ), —B(Q 16 )(Q 17 ), —P(═O)(Q 18 )(Q 19 ), or any combination thereof; 
     a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; 
     a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —Si(Q 23 )(Q 24 )(Q 25 ), —B(Q 26 )(Q 27 ), —P(═O)(Q 28 )(Q 29 ), or any combination thereof; or 
     —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —Si(Q 33 )(Q 34 )(Q 35 ), —B(Q 36 )(Q 37 ), or —P(═O)(Q 38 )(Q 39 ), and 
     Q 1  to Q 9 , Q 11  to Q 19 , Q 21  to Q 29 , and Q 31  to Q 39  may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60  alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60  alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10  cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10  heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryl group substituted with at least one a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60  aryl group, a C 6 -C 60  aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60  arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60  heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. 
     As used herein, the number of carbons in each group that is substituted (e.g., C 1 -C 60 ) excludes the number of carbons in the substituent. For example, a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group can be substituted with a C 1 -C 60  alkyl group. The total number of carbons included in the C 1 -C 60  alkyl group substituted with the C 1 -C 60  alkyl group is not limited to 60 carbons. In addition, more than one C 1 -C 60 alkyl substituent may be present on the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group. This definition is not limited to the C 1 -C 60  alkyl group and applies to all substituted groups that recite a carbon range. 
     The term “room temperature” as used herein refers to a temperature of about 25° C. 
     The terms “a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group” as used herein each refer to a monovalent group having two, three, and four phenyl groups linked via single bonds, respectively. 
     The terms “a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano-containing tetraphenyl group” as used herein respectively refer to a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group, each of which is substituted with at least one cyano group. In “a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano-containing tetraphenyl group”, a cyano group may be substituted to any position of the corresponding group, and the “cyano-containing phenyl group, the cyano-containing biphenyl group, the cyano-containing terphenyl group, and the cyano-containing tetraphenyl group” may further include substituents other than a cyano group. For example, a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group and a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group and a methyl group may all belong to “a cyano-containing phenyl group”. 
     Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments are described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording “‘B’ was used instead of ‘A’” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of ‘A’ used was identical to an amount of ‘B’ used, in terms of a molar equivalent. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (1) Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1 
     In a 100 ml round-bottom flask, N-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,3-dichlorophenyl)-N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine (3.3 g, 5.19 mmol), 6,12-diphenyl-9H-tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine (1.95 g, 4.93 mmol), Pd(dba) 2  (0.3 g, 0.52 mmol), SPhos (0.21 g, 0.52 mmol), and NaOtBu (0.75 g, 7.78 mmol) were mixed with toluene (31 ml), and the mixed solution was stirred by heating at 120° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent of the reaction mixture obtained therefrom was removed using a rotary evaporator, and dichloromethane (200 ml) was added thereto to dissolve the reaction product. A washing process was performed thereon twice with water (200 ml), and water was removed using anhydrous MgSO 4 , and the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. The resulting product was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane/n-hexane), so as to obtain, as Intermediate 1-1, N-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-chloro-3-(6,12-diphenyl-9H-tribenzo[b,d,f]azepin-9-yl)phenyl)-N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine (2.94 g). Intermediate 1-1 thus obtained was identified by LC-MS. 
     C 72 H 48 Cl 1 N 3 : 990.311 
     (2) Synthesis of Compound 1 
     In a 250 ml round-bottom flask, Intermediate 1-1 (4.67 g, 4.71 mmol) was mixed with t-butylbenzene (94 ml), and 1.6 M tert-BuLi pentane solution (7.4 ml, 11.77 mmol) was added thereto at −78° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction temperature was raised to 60° C., and then, the mixed solution was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction solution was cooled to −40° C., and BBr 3  (0.91 ml, 9.42 mmol) was added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Afterwards, the reaction solution was cooled to −40° C. again, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.81 ml, 10.36 mmol) was added thereto and stirred by heating at 120° C. for 4 hours. After the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, saturated aqueous solution of NaOAc and ethyl acetate (200 ml) were added thereto. A washing process was performed thereon using water (300 ml), and the organic layer was dried using anhydrous MgSO 4 . The solvent of the reaction product was removed using a rotary evaporator, and the resultant product was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane/n-hexane), so as to obtain Compound 1 (1.5 g). Compound 1 thus obtained was confirmed by LC-MS. 
     C 72 H 46 BN 3 : 964.333 
     Example 1-1 
     An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light ozone for 30 minutes. 
     Subsequently, HAT-CN was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 500 Å, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 50 Å, and mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å. 
     A first host (Compound H1), a second host (Compound H2), and a sensitizer (Compound 1) were co-deposited on the electron blocking layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å. Here, the first host and the second host were mixed at a ratio of 60:40, and the amount of the emitter was adjusted to be 3 wt % based on the total weight of the first host, the second host, and the emitter. 
     DBFPO was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, DBFPO and LiQ were co-deposited thereon at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, an then, Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Comparative Example 1-1 
     An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that, in forming an emission layer, for use as a dopant, corresponding compounds shown in Table 3 were used. 
     Example 2-1 
     A glass substrate with an ITO electrode arranged thereon was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to UV ozone for 30 minutes. 
     Subsequently, HAT-CN was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 500 Å, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 50 Å, and mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å. 
     A first host (Compound H1), a second host (Compound H2), a sensitizer (Compound S-1), and an emitter (Compound 1) were co-deposited on the electron blocking layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å. Here, the first host and the second host were mixed at a ratio of 60:40, and the amounts of the sensitizer and the emitter were adjusted to be 15 wt % and 1 wt %, respectively, based on the total weight of the first host, the second host, the sensitizer, and the emitter. 
     DBFPO was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, DBFPO was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, DBFPO and LiQ were co-deposited thereon at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, an then, Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device, and then DBFPO and LiQ were co-deposited thereon at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then, LiQ was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 
     Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that, in forming an emission layer, for use as a sensitizer and a dopant, corresponding compounds shown in Table 7 were used. 
     Evaluation Example: Evaluation of Organic Light-Emitting Device Characteristics 
     The driving voltage, maximum external quantum efficiency, power efficiency, current efficiency, CIE color coordinates (at 1000 nit), conversion efficiency, and full width at half maximum of the organic light emitting devices manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples above were measured using a current-voltage meter (Keithley 2400) and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000 Å), and results thereof are summarized in Tables 8 and 9. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Driving 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 voltage 
                 EQE max   
                 Lifespan 
               
               
                   
                 Dopant 
                 (V) 
                 (%) 
                 (T95) (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1-1 
                 1 
                 4.46 
                 264 
                 531 
               
               
                   
                 Comparative 
                 C1 
                 5.56 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 Example 1-1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Driving 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 voltage 
                 EQE max   
                 Lifespan 
               
               
                   
                 Sensitizer 
                 Dopant 
                 (V) 
                 (%) 
                 (T95) (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 2-1 
                 S-1 
                 1 
                 4.19 
                 147 
                 1052 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 S-1 
                 C1 
                 4.59 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 2-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 S-1 
                 C2 
                 4.43 
                 74 
                 116 
               
               
                 Example 2-2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Referring to Tables 8 and 9, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting device of Examples above had higher efficiency and/or longer lifespan than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples above. 
     In addition, referring to Tables 8 and 9, it was confirmed that the heterocyclic compound was applicable to all organic light-emitting devices that emit light through various mechanisms. 
     As described above, according to the one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device including a heterocyclic compound may have improved efficiency and/or excellent colorimetric purity. 
     It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in one or more embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.