Patent Publication Number: US-7709066-B2

Title: Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display device

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2007-237395, filed Sep. 13, 2007, which application is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a liquid crystal composition suitable for use in an active matrix (AM) device, and an AM device containing the composition. More specifically, the invention relates to a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy, and also relates to a device of a twisted nematic (TN) mode, an optically compensated bend (OCB) mode, an in-plane switching (IPS) mode or a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) mode containing the composition. 
     2. Related Art 
     In a liquid crystal display device, classification based on an operating mode of liquid crystals includes phase change (PC), twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), electrically controlled birefringence (ECB), optically compensated bend (OCB), in-plane switching (IPS), vertical alignment (VA), a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) mode and so forth. Classification based on a driving mode of the device includes a passive matrix (PM) and an active matrix (AM). PM is further classified into static, multiplex and so forth, and AM is classified into a thin film transistor (TFT), a metal insulator metal (MIM) and so forth. TFT is further classified into amorphous silicon and polycrystal silicon. The latter is classified into a high temperature type and a low temperature type according to a production process. Classification based on a light source includes a reflection type utilizing a natural light, a transmission type utilizing a backlight and a semi-transmission type utilizing both the natural light and the backlight. 
     These devices contain a liquid crystal composition having suitable characteristics. The liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase. General characteristics of the composition should be improved to obtain an AM device having good general characteristics. Table 1 below summarizes a relationship between the general characteristics of the two. The general characteristics of the composition will be explained further based on a commercially available AM device. A temperature range of a nematic phase relates to the temperature range in which the device can be used. A desirable maximum temperature of the nematic phase is approximately 70° C. or more and a desirable minimum temperature thereof is approximately −10° C. or less. The viscosity of the composition relates to the response time of the device. The rotation viscosity is in the same situation as the viscosity. A short response time is desirable for displaying a moving image with the device. Accordingly, a small viscosity of the composition is desirable. A small viscosity at a low temperature is more desirable. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 General Characteristics of Liquid 
               
               
                 Crystal Composition and AM Device 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 General Characteristics 
                 General Characteristics 
               
               
                 No 
                 of a Composition 
                 of an AM Device 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 Temperature range of a 
                 Usable temperature range 
               
               
                   
                 nematic phase is wide 
                 is wide 
               
               
                 2 
                 Viscosity is small 1)   
                 Response time is short 
               
               
                 3 
                 Optical anisotropy is suitable 
                 Contrast ratio is large 
               
               
                 4 
                 Dielectric anisotropy is 
                 Threshold voltage is low, 
               
               
                   
                 positively or negatively large 
                 electric power consumption 
               
               
                   
                   
                 is small and contrast ratio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 is large 
               
               
                 5 
                 Specific resistance is large 
                 Voltage holding ratio is large 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and a contrast ratio is large 
               
               
                 6 
                 It is stable to ultraviolet 
                 Service life is long 
               
               
                   
                 light and heat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1) A liquid crystal composition can be injected into a cell in a short time. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The optical anisotropy of the composition relates to the contrast ratio of the device. A product (Δn·d) of the optical anisotropy (Δn) of the composition and the cell gap (d) of the device is designed to maximize the contrast ratio. A suitable value of the product depends on the kind of operation mode. In a device having such a mode as a TN mode, a suitable value is approximately 0.45 μm. In this case, a composition having a large optical anisotropy is desirable for a device having a small cell gap. A large dielectric anisotropy of the composition contributes to a low threshold voltage, a small electric power consumption and a large contrast ratio of the device. Accordingly, a large dielectric anisotropy is desirable. A large specific resistance of the composition contributes to a large voltage holding ratio and a large contrast ratio of the device. Accordingly, a composition having a large specific resistance is desirable at room temperature and also at a high temperature in the initial stage. A composition having a large specific resistance is desirable at room temperature and also at a high temperature after it has been used for a long time. A stability of the composition to an ultraviolet light and heat relates to a service life of the liquid crystal display device. In the case where the stability is high, the device has a long service life. These characteristics are desirable for an AM device used in a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal television and so forth. 
     In an AM device having a TN mode, a composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used. In an AM device having a VA mode, a composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used. In an AM device having an IPS mode, a composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used. In an AM device having a PSA mode, a composition having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy is used. A liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy is disclosed in the following document. Conventional compounds and compositions are disclosed in JP H9-278684 A/1997, JP H9-286742 A/1997 and JP H9-328443 A/1997 and JP H10-81881 A/1998. 
     A desirable AM device is characterized as having a usable temperature range that is wide, a response time that is short, a contrast ratio that is large, a threshold voltage that is low, a voltage holding ratio that is large, a service life that is long, and so forth. Even one millisecond shorter response time is desirable. Thus, the composition having characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to an ultraviolet light, a high stability to heat, and so forth is especially desirable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase that includes two components, wherein the first component is a compound represented by formula (1), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (2): 
                         
wherein R 1  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; X 1 , X 2 , X 3  and X 4  are each independently hydrogen or fluorine; and Y 1  is fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethoxy.
 
     The invention also concerns a liquid crystal display device that includes the liquid crystal composition, and so forth. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The terms used in the specification and claims are defined as follows. The liquid crystal composition and/or the liquid crystal display device of the invention may occasionally be expressed simply as “the composition” or “the device,” respectively. A liquid crystal display device is a generic term for a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display module. The “liquid crystal compound” is a generic term for a compound having a liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase, a smectic phase and so forth, and also for a compound having no liquid crystal phase but being useful as a component of a composition. The useful compound contains, for example, a 6-membered ring such as 1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,4-phenylene, and a rod like molecular structure. An optically active compound or a polymerizable compound may occasionally be added to the composition. Even in the case where the compound is a liquid crystal compound, the compound is classified into an additive. At least one compound selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by formula (1) may be abbreviated to “the compound (1).” The “compound (1)” means one compound or two or more compounds represented by formula (1). The other formulas are applied with the same rules. The term “arbitrary” means that not only the position but also the number are arbitrary, but the case where the number is zero is not included. 
     A higher limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a maximum temperature.” A lower limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a minimum temperature.” “A specific resistance is large” means that the composition has a large specific resistance at room temperature and also at a high temperature in the initial stage; the composition has a large specific resistance at room temperature and also at a high temperature even after it has been used for a long time. “A voltage holding ratio is large” means that a device has a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature in the initial stage, the device has a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature even after it has been used for a long time. In the description of the characteristics such as optical anisotropy, the characteristics of the composition such as the optical anisotropy and so forth are values measured in the methods disclosed in Examples. The first component includes one compound or two or more compounds. “A content ratio of the first component” means the percentage by weight (% by weight) of the first component based on the total weight of liquid crystal composition. A content ratio of the second component and so forth are applied with the same rule. A ratio of an additive mixed with the composition means the percentage by weight (% by weight) based on the total weight of liquid crystal composition. 
     In the chemical formulas of the component compounds, symbol R 1  is used in plural compounds. In these compounds, plural R 1  may be the same as or different from each other. In one case, for example, R 1  of the compound (2) is ethyl and R 1  of the compound (3-1) is ethyl. 
     In another case, R 1  of the compound (2) is ethyl and R 1  of the compound (3-1) is propyl. This rule is also applicable to the symbols R 2 , R 3  and so forth. 
     One of the advantages of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies many characteristics among the characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat. Another of the advantages of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that is properly balanced regarding many characteristics. Another of the advantages of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that contains the liquid crystal composition. One aspect of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that has a large optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a high stability to ultraviolet light and so forth, and is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. 
     The invention has the following features. 
     1. A liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase comprising two components, wherein the first component is a compound represented by formula (1), and the second component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (2): 
                         
wherein R 1  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; X 1 , X 2 , X 3  and X 4  are each independently hydrogen or fluorine; and Y 1  is fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethoxy.
 
     2. The liquid crystal composition according to item 1, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (2-1) to (2-3): 
                         
wherein R 3  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons.
 
     3. The liquid crystal composition according to item 2, wherein the second component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (2-1). 
     4. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein a content ratio of the first component is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 30% by weight, and a content ratio of the second component is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     5. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the composition further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (3-1) to (3-3) as a third component: 
                         
wherein R 1  and R 2  are each independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; and ring B, ring C, ring D, ring E, ring F and ring G are each independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene.
 
     6. The liquid crystal composition according to item 5, wherein the third component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (3-1-1), (3-1-2), (3-2-1) to (3-2-4) and (3-3-1) to (3-3-3): 
                         
wherein R 1  and R 2  are each independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; and R 3  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons.
 
     7. The liquid crystal composition according to item 6, wherein the third component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (3-1-1). 
     8. The liquid crystal composition according to item 6, wherein the third component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (3-2-1). 
     9. The liquid crystal composition according to item 6, wherein the third component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (3-2-3). 
     10. The liquid crystal composition according to item 6, wherein the third component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (3-3-3). 
     11. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 5 to 10, wherein a content ratio of the third component is from approximately 40% by weight to approximately 95% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     12. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the composition further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4) as a fourth component: 
                         
wherein R 1  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; ring A is independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxan-2,5-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,5-pirimidine; Z 1  is independently a single bond, ethylene, carbonyloxy or difluoromethyleneoxy; X 1  and X 2  are each independently hydrogen or fluorine; Y 1  is fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethoxy; and n is 1 or 2.
 
     13. The liquid crystal composition according to item 12, wherein the fourth component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (4-1) to (4-12): 
                         
wherein R 3  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons.
 
     14. The liquid crystal composition according to item 13, wherein the fourth component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4-6). 
     15. The liquid crystal composition according to item 13, wherein the fourth component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4-8). 
     16. The liquid crystal composition according to item 13, wherein the fourth component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4-10). 
     17. The liquid crystal composition according to item 13, wherein the fourth component is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4-11). 
     18. The liquid crystal composition according to item 13, wherein the fourth component is a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4-6) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (4-11). 
     19. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 12 to 18, wherein a content ratio of the fourth component is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 35% by weight based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. 
     20. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 19, wherein the composition has a maximum temperature of a nematic phase of approximately 70° C. or more, an optical anisotropy (25° C.) at a wavelength of 589 nm of approximately 0.08 or more, and a dielectric anisotropy (25° C.) at a frequency of 1 kHz of approximately 2 or more. 
     21. A liquid crystal display device that includes the liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 20. 
     22. The liquid crystal display device according to item 21, wherein the liquid crystal display device has an operation mode of a TN mode, an OCB mode, an IPS mode or a PSA mode, and has a driving mode of an active matrix mode. 
     The invention further includes: (1) the composition described above, wherein the composition further contains an optically active compound; (2) the composition described above, wherein the composition further contains an additive, such as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorbent, an antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound and/or a polymerization initiator; (3) an AM device containing the composition described above; (4) a device having a TN, ECB, OCB, IPS or PSA mode, containing the composition described above; (5) a device of a transmission type, containing the composition described above; (6) use of the composition described above as a composition having a nematic phase; and (7) use as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound to the composition described above. 
     The composition of the invention will be explained in the following order. First, the constitution of component compounds in the composition will be explained. Second, the main characteristics of the component compounds and the main effects of the compounds on the composition will be explained. Third, combinations of components in the composition, desirable ratios of the component compounds and the basis thereof will be explained. Fourth, a desirable embodiment of the component compounds will be explained. Fifth, examples of the component compound will be shown. Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition will be explained. Seventh, the preparation methods of the component compound will be explained. Lastly, use of the composition will be explained. 
     First, the constitution of component compounds in the composition will be explained. The composition of the invention is classified into the composition A and the composition B. The composition A may further contain other compounds such as another liquid crystal compound, an additive, an impurity, and so forth. This liquid crystal compound is different from the compound (1), the compound (2), the compound (3-1), the compound (3-2), the compound (3-3) and the compound (4). Such a liquid crystal compound is mixed with the composition for the purpose of adjusting the characteristics of the composition. Among the liquid crystal compounds, an amount of a cyano compound is desirably small from the viewpoint of stability to heat or ultraviolet light. The amount of a cyano compound is more desirably approximately 0% by weight. The additive includes an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorbent, a coloring matter, an antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator and so forth. The impurity is a compound and so forth contaminated in the process such as the synthesis of a component compound and so forth. This compound is classified into an impurity even when the compound is a liquid crystal compound. 
     The composition B essentially consists of the compounds selected from the compound (1), the compound (2), the compound (3-1), the compound (3-2), the compound (3-3) and the compound (4). The term “essentially” means that the composition does not contain a liquid crystal compound which is different from these compounds. The term “essentially” also means that the composition may further contain the additive, the impurity, and so forth. The components of the composition B are fewer than those of the composition A. The composition B is preferable to the composition A from the viewpoint of decreasing costs. The composition A is preferable to the composition B, because characteristics of the composition A can be further adjusted by mixing with other liquid crystal compounds. 
     Second, the main characteristics of the component compounds and the main effects of the compounds on the composition will be explained. The main characteristics of the component compounds are summarized in Table 2. In Table 2, the symbol L represents large or high, the symbol M represents a middle degree, and the symbol S represents small or low. The symbols L, M and S are classification based on qualitative comparison among the component compounds. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Characteristics of Compounds 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Compound 
                 (1) 
                 (2) 
                 (3-1) 
                 (3-2) 
                 (3-3) 
                 (4) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Maximum 
                 S 
                 M 
                 S 
                 M-L 
                 L 
                 S-M 
               
               
                   
                 temperature 
               
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 S 
                 L 
                 S 
                 M 
                 L 
                 S-M 
               
               
                   
                 Optical 
                 L 
                 L 
                 S 
                 M-L 
                 L 
                 M-L 
               
               
                   
                 anisotropy 
               
               
                   
                 Dielectric 
                 0 
                 L 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 M-L 
               
               
                   
                 anisotropy 
               
               
                   
                 Specific 
                 L 
                 L 
                 L 
                 L 
                 L 
                 L 
               
               
                   
                 resistance 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The main effects of the component compounds to the characteristics of the composition upon mixing the component compounds to the composition are as follows. The compound (1) increases the optical anisotropy and decreases the viscosity. The compound (2) increases the optical anisotropy and increases the dielectric anisotropy. The compound (3-1) decreases the viscosity and decreases the minimum temperature. The compound (3-2) increases the optical anisotropy. The compound (3-3) increases the maximum temperature and increases the optical anisotropy. The compound (4) increases the dielectric anisotropy. 
     Third, combinations of components in the composition, desirable content ratios of the component compounds and the basis therefore will be explained. Examples of the combinations of the components in the composition include (first component+second component), (first component+second component+third component), (first component+second component+fourth component) and (first component+second component+third component+fourth component). Desirable examples of the combinations of the components in the composition include (first component+second component+third component+fourth component). 
     A desirable content ratio of the first component is approximately 5% by weight or more for increasing the optical anisotropy, and is approximately 30% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature. A more desirable content ratio is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 20% by weight. A particularly desirable content ratio is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 15% by weight. 
     A desirable content ratio of the second component is approximately 5% by weight or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and is approximately 30% by weight or less for decreasing the viscosity. A more desirable content ratio is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 20% by weight. A particularly desirable content ratio is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 15% by weight. 
     A desirable content ratio of the third component is approximately 40% by weight or more for decreasing the viscosity, and is approximately 95% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature. A more desirable content ratio is from approximately 45% by weight to approximately 85% by weight. A particularly desirable content ratio is from approximately 50% by weight to approximately 80% by weight. 
     A desirable content ratio of the fourth component is approximately 5% by weight or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and is approximately 35% by weight or less for decreasing the minimum temperature. A more desirable content ratio is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 30% by weight. A particularly desirable content ratio is from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 25% by weight. 
     Fourth, a desirable embodiment of the component compound will be explained. R 1  and R 2  are each independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine. Desirable R 1  is linear alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons in order to enhance the stability to ultraviolet light or heat. Desirable R 2  is linear alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons in order to decrease the minimum temperature and to decrease the viscosity. R 3  is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons. Desirable R 3  is linear alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons in order to enhance the stability to ultraviolet light or heat. 
     Desirable alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, or octyl. More desirable alkyl is ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or heptyl for decreasing a viscosity. 
     Desirable alkoxy is methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, or heptyloxy. More desirable alkoxy is methoxy or ethoxy for decreasing a viscosity. 
     Desirable alkenyl is vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, or 5-hexenyl. More desirable alkenyl is vinyl, 1-propenyl, 3-butenyl, or 3-pentenyl for decreasing a viscosity. A desirable configuration of —CH═CH— in these alkenyls depends on the position of a double bond. Trans is desirable in the alkenyl such as 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-pentenyl, and 3-hexenyl for decreasing the viscosity. Cis is desirable in the alkenyl such as 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and 2-hexenyl. In these alkenyls, linear alkenyl is preferable to branched alkenyl. 
     Preferred examples of alkenyl in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine include 2,2-difluorovinyl, 3,3-difluoro-2-propenyl, 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl, 5,5-difluoro-4-pentenyl and 6,6-difluoro-5-hexenyl. More preferred examples thereof include 2,2-difluorovinyl and 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl for decreasing the viscosity. 
     Ring A is independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxan-2,5-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,5-pirimidine, and in the case where n is 2, two rings A may be the same or different. Desirable ring A is 1,4-phenylene in order to increase the optical anisotropy. Ring B, ring C, ring D, ring E, ring F and ring G are each 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene. Desirable ring B and ring C are each 1,4-cyclohexylene in order to in order to decrease the minimum temperature. Desirable ring D and ring F are each 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene in order to decrease the minimum temperature. Desirable ring E and ring G are each 1,4-phenylene in order to increase the optical anisotropy. 
     Z 1  is independently a single bond, ethylene, carbonyloxy or difluoromethyleneoxy, and in the case where n is 2, two bonds or groups Z 1  may be the same or different. Desirable Z 1  is difluoromethyleneoxy in order to increase the dielectric anisotropy. 
     X 1 , X 2 , X 3  and X 4  are each independently hydrogen or fluorine. Desirable X 1 , X 2 , X 3  and X 4  are two or more fluorines in order to increase the dielectric anisotropy. 
     Y 1  is fluorine, chlorine or trifluoromethoxy. Desirable Y 1  is fluorine in order to decrease the minimum temperature. 
     n is 1 or 2. Desirable n is 2 in order to decrease the minimum temperature. 
     Fifth, examples of the component compounds will be shown. In the desirable compounds described below, R 4  is linear alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons. R 5  is linear alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or linear alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons. R 6  and R 7  are each linear alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or linear alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons. R 8  is linear alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by fluorine. In these desirable compounds, trans is preferable to cis for the configuration of 1,4-cyclohexylene for increasing a maximum temperature. 
     Desirable compounds (2) are the compounds (2-1-1) to (2-3-1) and (2-4) to (2-8). More desirable compounds (2) are the compounds (2-1-1), (2-2-1) and (2-3-1). Particularly desirable compounds (2) are the compounds (2-1-1) and (2-3-1). Desirable compounds (3-1) are the compounds (3-1-1-1) to (3-1-2-1). More desirable compounds (3-1) are the compounds (3-1-1-1) and (3-1-2-1). Desirable compounds (3-2) are the compounds (3-2-1-1) to (3-2-4-1). More desirable compounds (3-2) are the compounds (3-2-1-1) and (3-2-3-1). Desirable compounds (3-3) are the compounds (3-3-1-1) to (3-3-3-1). Amore desirable compound (3-3) is the compound (3-3-3-1). Desirable compounds (4) are the compounds (4-1-1) to (4-12-1) and (4-13) to (4-22). More desirable compounds (4) are the compounds (4-8-1), (4-9-1), (4-11-1) and (4-12-1). Particularly desirable compounds (4) are the compounds (4-9-1) and (4-11-1). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Sixth, additives capable of being mixed with the composition will be explained. The additives include an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorbent, a coloring matter, an antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator and so forth. An optically active compound is mixed in the composition for inducing a helical structure of liquid crystal to provide a twist angle. Examples of the optically active compound include the compounds (5-1) to (5-4) below. A desirable ratio of the optically active compound is approximately 5% by weight or less, and a more desirable ratio thereof ranges from approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 2%. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     An antioxidant is mixed with the composition in order to avoid a decrease in specific resistance caused by heating in the air, or to maintain a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature even after the device has been used for a long time. 
     Preferred examples of the antioxidant include the compound (6): 
                         
wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 9. In the compound (6), desirable n is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. More desirable n is 1 or 7. When n is 1, the compound (6) has a large volatility, and is effective in preventing the decrease of specific resistance caused by heating in the air. When n is 7, the compound (6) has a small volatility, and is effective in maintaining a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature and also at a high temperature even after the device has been used for a long time. A desirable ratio of the antioxidant is approximately 50 ppm or more in order to obtain the advantages thereof and is approximately 600 ppm or less in order to prevent the maximum temperature from being decreased and to prevent the minimum temperature from being increased. A more desirable ratio is from approximately 100 ppm to approximately 300 ppm.
 
     Preferred examples of the ultraviolet light absorbent include a benzophenone derivative, a benzoate derivative and a triazole derivative. A light stabilizer having steric hindrance such as an amine is also desirable. A desirable ratio of the absorbent and the stabilizer is approximately 50 ppm or more for obtaining the advantages thereof and is approximately 10,000 ppm or less for preventing the maximum temperature from being decreased and preventing the minimum temperature from being increased. A more desirable ratio thereof ranges from approximately 100 ppm to approximately 10,000 ppm. 
     A dichroic dye such as an azo dye or an anthraquinone dye is mixed with the composition to suit for a device of a guest host (GH) mode. A desirable ratio of the dye ranges from approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%. An antifoaming agent such as dimethyl silicone oil or methylphenyl silicone oil is mixed with the composition for preventing foaming. A desirable ratio of the antifoaming agent is approximately 1 ppm or more for obtaining the advantages thereof and is approximately 1,000 ppm or less for preventing display failure from occurring. A more desirable ratio thereof ranges from approximately 1 ppm to approximately 500 ppm. 
     A polymerizable compound is mixed with the composition for applying the composition to a device having a PSA (polymer sustained alignment) mode. Preferred examples of the polymerizable compound include compounds having a polymerizable group, such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy, propenyl ether, epoxy and so forth. Particularly preferred examples thereof include derivatives of acrylate or methacrylate. A desirable ratio of the polymerizable group is from approximately 0.05% by weight or more for obtaining the advantages thereof, and is approximately 10% by weight or less for preventing display failure from occurring. A more desirable ratio is from approximately 0.1 to approximately 2% by weight. The polymerizable compound is polymerized preferably in the presence of a suitable initiator, such as a photopolymerization initiator, under radiation of ultraviolet light. Suitable conditions for polymerization and a suitable type and a suitable amount of the initiator have been known by a skilled person in the art and are disclosed in literatures. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator suitable for radical polymerization include Irgacure 651 (trade name), Irgacure 184 (trade name) and Darocure 1173 (trade name), all produced by Ciba Japan K.K. The polymerizable compound preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator in an amount of from approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, and particularly preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator in an amount of from approximately 1 to approximately 3% by weight. 
     Seventh, the preparation methods of the component compounds will be explained. These compounds can be prepared by known methods. The preparation method will be exemplified below. The compound (1) is prepared by the method disclosed in JP H9-286742 A/1997. The compounds (3-1-1-1) and (3-2-1-1) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP H4-30382 B/1992. The compounds (4-5-1) and (4-8-1) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP H2-233626 A/1990. The compounds (4-11-1) and (4-12-1) are prepared by the method disclosed in JP H10-251186 A/1998. The antioxidant is commercially available. The compound (6), wherein n is 1, is available, for example, from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. The compound (6), wherein is 7, is prepared by the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,505. 
     The compounds for which preparation methods were not described above can be prepared according to the methods described in Organic Syntheses (John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.), Organic Reactions (John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis (Pergamon Press), New Experimental Chemistry Course (Shin Jikken Kagaku Kouza) (Maruzen, Inc.), and so forth. The composition is prepared according to known methods using the compounds thus obtained. For example, the component compounds are mixed and dissolved in each other by heating. 
     Last, use of the composition will be explained. Most of the compositions have a minimum temperature of approximately −10° C. or less, a maximum temperature of approximately 70° C. or more, and an optical anisotropy of approximately 0.07 to approximately 0.20. The device containing the composition has a large voltage holding ratio. The composition is suitable for an AM device. The composition is suitable especially for an AM device of a transmission type. The composition having an optical anisotropy of approximately 0.08 to approximately 0.25 and further having an optical anisotropy of approximately 0.10 to approximately 0.30 may be prepared by controlling ratios of the component compounds or by mixing other liquid crystal compounds. The composition can be used as a composition having a nematic phase and as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound. 
     The composition can be used for an AM device. It can also be used for a PM device. The composition can also be used for an AM device and a PM device having a mode such as PC, TN, STN, ECB, OCB, IPS, VA, PSA and so forth. It is particularly desirable to use the composition for an AM device having a TN, OCB or IPS mode. These devices may be of a reflection type, a transmission type or a semi-transmission type. It is desirable to use the composition for a device of a transmission type. It can be used for an amorphous silicon-TFT device or a polycrystal silicon-TFT device. The composition is also usable for a nematic curvilinear aligned phase (NCAP) device prepared by microcapsulating the composition, and for a polymer dispersed (PD) device in which a three dimensional net-work polymer is formed in the composition. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the invention and specific examples provided herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention that come within the scope of any claims and their equivalents. 
     The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended, nor should they be interpreted to, limit the scope of the invention. 
     EXAMPLES 
     When a sample was a composition, it was measured as it was, and the obtained value is described here. When a sample was a compound, a sample for measurement was prepared by mixing 15% by weight of the compound and 85% by weight of mother liquid crystals. A value of characteristic of the compound was calculated by extrapolating from a value obtained by measurement. Namely: extrapolated value=(value measured for sample−0.85×value measured for mother liquid crystals)/0.15. When a smectic phase (or crystals) was separated out at this ratio at 25° C., a ratio of the compound and mother liquid crystals was changed step by step in the order of (10% by weight/90% by weight), (5% by weight/95% by weight), (1% by weight/99% by weight), respectively. Values for a maximum temperature, optical anisotropy, viscosity, and dielectric anisotropy of the compound were obtained by the extrapolation. 
     The composition of the mother liquid crystals is as shown below. All the percentages for the composition are percentage by weight. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Measurement of the characteristics was carried out according to the following methods. Most methods are described in the Standard of Electric Industries Association of Japan, EIAJ ED-2521 A or those with some modifications. 
     Maximum Temperature of a Nematic Phase (NI; ° C.): A sample was placed on a hot plate in a melting point apparatus equipped with a polarizing microscope and was heated at the rate of 1° C. per minute. A temperature was measured when a part of the sample began to change from a nematic phase into an isotropic liquid. A higher limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a maximum temperature.” 
     Minimum Temperature of a Nematic Phase (Tc; ° C.): A sample having a nematic phase was put in a glass vial and then kept in a freezer at temperatures of 0° C., −10° C., −20° C., −30° C., and −40° C. for ten days, respectively, and a liquid crystal phase was observed. For example, when the sample remained in a nematic phase at −20° C. and changed to crystals or a smectic phase at −30° C., Tc was expressed as ≦−20° C. A lower limit of a temperature range of a nematic phase may be abbreviated to “a minimum temperature.” 
     Viscosity (η; measured at 20° C., mPa·s): A viscosity was measured by means of an E-type viscometer. 
     Rotation Viscosity (γ1; measured at 25° C.; mPa·s): Rotation viscosity was measured according to the method disclosed in M. Imai, et al., Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol. 259, p. 37 (1995). A sample was placed in a device, in which a twist angle was 0°, and a distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) was 5 μm. The TN device was applied with a voltage in a range of from 16 V to 19.5 V stepwise by 0.5 V. After a period of 0.2 second with no application of voltage, voltage application was repeated with only one rectangular wave (rectangular pulse of 0.2 second) and application of no voltage (2 seconds). A peak current and a peak time of a transient current generated by the voltage application were measured. Rotation viscosity was obtained from the measured values and the calculating equation (8) in the literature by M. Imai, et al., p. 40. As the dielectric anisotropy necessary for the calculation, the value measured by the measuring method of dielectric anisotropy described below with the device for measuring the rotation viscosity was used. 
     Optical Anisotropy (Δn; refractive index anisotropy measured at 25° C.): Measurement was carried out with an Abbe refractometer mounting a polarizing plate on an ocular using a light at a wavelength of 589 nm. The surface of a main prism was rubbed in one direction, and then a sample was dropped on the main prism. Refractive index (n∥) was measured when the direction of a polarized light was parallel to that of the rubbing. Refractive index (n⊥) was measured when the direction of a polarized light was perpendicular to that of the rubbing. A value of optical anisotropy was calculated from the equation: Δ n=n∥−n⊥.    
     Dielectric Anisotropy (Δε; measured at 25° C.): A sample was put in a TN device having a distance between two glass substrates (cell gap) of 9 μm and a twist angle of 80°. Sine waves (10 V, 1 kHz) were applied to the device and a dielectric constant (ε∥) in a major axis direction of a liquid crystal molecule was measured after 2 seconds. Sine waves (0.5 V, 1 kHz) were applied to the device and a dielectric constant (ε⊥) in a minor axis direction of a liquid crystal molecule was measured after 2 seconds. A value of a dielectric anisotropy was calculated from the equation: Δε=ε∥−ε⊥. 
     Threshold Voltage (Vth; measured at 25° C.; V): Measurement was carried out with an LCD Evaluation System Model LCD-5100 made by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. The light source was a halogen lamp. A sample was poured into a TN device of a normally white mode, in which a cell gap between two glass plates was about 0.45/Δn (μm), and a twist angle was 80°. Voltage to be applied to the device (32 Hz, rectangular waves) was stepwise increased by 0.02 volt starting from 0 V up to 10 V. During the stepwise increasing, the device was irradiated with light in a perpendicular direction, and an amount of the light passing through the device was measured. Voltage-transmission curve was prepared, in which a maximum amount of a light corresponded to 100% transmittance, a minimum amount of a light corresponded to 0% transmittance. Threshold voltage is a value at 90% transmittance. 
     Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-1; measured at 25° C.; %): A TN device used for measurement has a polyimide-alignment film and the cell gap between two glass substrates is 5 μm. This device was sealed with adhesive polymerized with ultraviolet ray after the sample is put into the device. The pulse voltage (60 microseconds at 5 V) was applied to the TN device for charging. A decreasing voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds by a high-speed voltmeter. An area A between voltage curve and horizontal axis per unit cycle was obtained. An area B is an area when a voltage is not decreased. A voltage holding ratio is percentage of the area A relative to the area B. 
     Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-2; measured at 80° C.; %): A TN device used for measurement has a polyimide-alignment film and the cell gap between two glass substrates is 5 μm. This device was sealed with adhesive polymerized with ultraviolet ray after the sample is put into the device. The pulse voltage (60 microseconds at 5 V) was applied to the TN device for charging. A decreasing voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds by a high-speed voltmeter. An area A between voltage curve and horizontal axis per unit cycle was obtained. An area B is an area when a voltage is not decreased. A voltage holding ratio is percentage of the area A relative to the area B. 
     Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-3; measured at 25° C.; %): A voltage holding ratio was measured after irradiating with ultraviolet light to evaluate stability to ultraviolet light. A composition having large VHR-3 has a large stability to ultraviolet light. A TN device used for measurement has a polyimide-alignment film and the cell gap is 5 μm. A sample was poured into the device, and then the device was irradiated with light for 20 minutes. The light source was a superhigh voltage mercury lamp USH-500D (produced by Ushio, Inc.), and the distance between the device and the light source is 20 cm. In measurement of VHR-3, a decreasing voltage is measured for 16.7 milliseconds. VHR-3 is desirably 90% or more, and more desirably 95% or more. 
     Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR-4; measured at 25° C.; %): A voltage holding ratio was measured after heating an TN device having a sample poured therein in a constant-temperature bath at 80° C. for 500 hours to evaluate stability to heat. A composition having large VHR-4 has a large stability to heat. In measurement of VHR-4, a decreasing voltage is measured for 16.7 milliseconds. 
     Response Time (τ; measured at 25° C.; millisecond): Measurement was carried out with an LCD Evaluation System Model LCD-5100 made by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. Light source is a halogen lamp. Low-pass filter was set at 5 kHz. A sample was poured into a TN device of a normally white mode, in which a cell gap between two glass plates was 5.0 μm, and a twist angle was 80°. Rectangle waves (60 Hz, 5 V, 0.5 seconds) were impressed to the device. During impressing, the device was irradiated with light in a perpendicular direction, and an amount of the light passing through the device was measured. A maximum amount of a light corresponds to 100% transmittance, and a minimum amount of a light corresponds to 0% transmission. Rise time (τr: rise time; milliseconds) is a period of time required for the change in transmittance from 90% to 10%. Fall time (τf: fall time; milliseconds) is a period of time required for the change in transmittance from 10% to 90%. Response time is a sum of the rise time and the fall time thus obtained. 
     Specific Resistance (ρ; measured at 25° C.; Ωcm): 1.0 mL of a sample was charged in a vessel equipped with electrodes. A direct current voltage of 10 V was impressed to the vessel, and after lapsing 10 second from the impress of voltage, the direct electric current was measured. The specific resistance was calculated by the equation: (specific resistance)={(voltage)×(electric capacity of vessel)}/{(direct current)×(dielectric constant of vacuum)}. 
     Gas Chromatographic Analysis: A Gas Chromatograph Model GC-14B made by Shimadzu was used for measurement. The carrier gas was helium (2 milliliters per minute). An evaporator and a detector (FID) were set up at 280° C. and 300° C., respectively. Capillary column DB-1 (length 30 meters, bore 0.32 millimeters, film thickness 0.25 micrometers, dimethylpolysiloxane as stationary phase, no polarity) made by Agilent Technologies, Inc. was used for the separation of the component compound. After the column had been kept at 200° C. for 2 minutes, it was further heated to 280° C. at the rate of 5° C. per minute. A sample was prepared in an acetone solution (0.1% by weight), and 1 microliter of the solution was injected into the evaporator. The recorder used was a Chromatopac Model C-R5A made by Shimadzu or its equivalent. Gas chromatogram obtained showed a retention time of a peak and a peak area corresponding to the component compound. 
     Solvents for diluting the sample may also be chloroform, hexane, and so forth. The following capillary columns may also be used for the separation of the component compound: HP-1 made by Agilent Technologies Inc. (length 30 meters, bore 0.32 millimeters, film thickness 0.25 micrometers), Rtx-1 made by Restek Corporation (length 30 meters, bore 0.32 millimeters, film thickness 0.25 micrometers), and BP-1 made by SGE International Pty. Ltd. (length 30 meters, bore 0.32 millimeters, film thickness 0.25 micrometers). In order to prevent compound peaks from overlapping, a capillary column CBP1-M50-025 (length 50 meters, bore 0.25 millimeters, film thickness 0.25 micrometers) made by Shimadzu Corporation may be used. 
     The content ratios of the liquid crystal compounds contained in the composition can also be calculated in the following manner. A liquid crystal compound can be detected by gas chromatography. An area ratio of peaks on a gas chromatogram corresponds to a content ratio (molar number) of liquid crystal compounds. In the case where the aforementioned capillary columns are used, correction coefficients of the liquid crystal compounds can be regarded as 1. Accordingly, the content ratio (% by weight) of liquid crystal compounds is calculated from the area ratio of peaks. 
     The invention will be explained in detail by way of Examples. The invention is not limited by the Examples described below. The compounds described in the Comparative Examples and the Examples are expressed by the symbols according to the definition in Table 3. In Table 3, the configuration of 1,4-cyclohexylene is trans. The parenthesized number next to the symbolized compounds in the Examples corresponds to the number of the desirable compound. The symbol (−) means other liquid crystal compound. A ratio (percentage) of a liquid crystal compound is percentage by weight (% by weight) based on the total weight of liquid crystal compounds, and the liquid crystal compositions further contain impurities. Last, the characteristics of the composition are summarized. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Method of Description of Compound using Symbols 
               
               
                 R—(A 1 )—Z 1 — . . . —Z n —(A n )—R′ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (1) Left Terminal Group R— 
                 Symbol 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 C n H 2n+1 — 
                 n- 
               
               
                   
                 C n H 2n+1 O— 
                 nO— 
               
               
                   
                 C m H 2m+1 OC n H 2n — 
                 mOn- 
               
               
                   
                 CH 2 ═CH— 
                 V— 
               
               
                   
                 C n H 2n+1 ═CH═CH— 
                 nV— 
               
               
                   
                 CH 2 ═CH—C n H 2n — 
                 Vn- 
               
               
                   
                 C m H 2m+1 —CH═CH—C n H 2n — 
                 mVn- 
               
               
                   
                 CF 2 ═CH— 
                 VFF— 
               
               
                   
                 CF 2 ═CH—C n H 2n — 
                 VFFn- 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (2) Right Terminal Group —R′ 
                 Symbol 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 —C n H 2n+1   
                 -n 
               
               
                   
                 —OC n H 2n+1   
                 —On 
               
               
                   
                 —CH═CH 2   
                 —V 
               
               
                   
                 —CH═CH—C n H 2n+1   
                 —Vn 
               
               
                   
                 —C n H 2n —CH═CH 2   
                 -nV 
               
               
                   
                 —CH═CF 2   
                 —VFF 
               
               
                   
                 —F 
                 —F 
               
               
                   
                 —Cl 
                 —CL 
               
               
                   
                 —OCF 3   
                 —OCF3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (3) Bonding Group —Zn— 
                 Symbol 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 —C 2 H 4 — 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 —COO— 
                 E 
               
               
                   
                 —CH═CH— 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 —C≡C— 
                 T 
               
               
                   
                 —CF 2 O— 
                 X 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (4) Ring structure -An- 
                 Symbol 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 H 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 B(F) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 B(2F) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 B(F,F) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 B(2F,5F) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Py 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 G 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Hd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 B(2CH3) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (5) Example of Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 1 V2-BB-2V 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 2 3-HB-CL 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 3 5-HBB(F)B-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 4 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)-F 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Comparative Example 1 
     A composition corresponding to Example 2 of JP H10-81881 A/1998 was selected. The basis is that the composition contains the compound (1), the compound (3-1-1-1) and the compound (4), and has the minimum viscosity (η). The components and characteristics of the composition were as follows. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 15% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-HBTB-1 
                 (-) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HBTB(2CH3)-1 
                 (-) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HdB(F,F)TB(2CH3)-1 
                 (-) 
                 12% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HBTB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 13% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HdB(F,F)TB(F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 13% 
               
               
                   
                 3-B(F)BTB(F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 3-B(F)BTB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-HHB(F)—F 
                 (4) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 102.7° C.; Δn = 0.229; Vth = 2.08 V; η = 21.3 mPa · s 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 1 
     The composition of Example 1 has a small viscosity as compared to Comparative Example 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 9% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 47% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B-3 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 13% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-11-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 74.0° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.132; Δε = 2.4; Vth = 2.68 V; η = 11.9 mPa · s; γ1 = 37.2 mPa · s; τ = 3.4 ms; VHR-1 = 99.3%; VHR-2 = 98.4%; VHR-3 = 98.2% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     The composition of Example 2 has a small viscosity as compared to Comparative Example 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 10% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 44% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HHB-1 
                 (3-2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHB—CL 
                 (4-4-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-6-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HBB—F 
                 (4-7-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-11-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 72.9° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.120; Δε = 3.5; Vth = 2.30 V; η = 14.2 mPa · s; γ1 = 42.5 mPa · s; τ = 4.1 ms; VHR-1 = 99.4%; VHR-2 = 98.5%; VHR-3 = 98.3% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 3 
     The composition of Example 3 has a small viscosity as compared to Comparative Example 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 5% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 5-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)—OCF3 
                 (2-3-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 45% 
               
               
                   
                 1V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-6-1) 
                 15% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 75.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.100; Δε = 3.2; Vth = 2.30 V; η = 16.0 mPa · s; γ1 = 46.3 mPa · s; τ = 4.8 ms; VHR-1 = 99.1%; VHR-2 = 98.2%; VHR-3 = 98.0% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 4 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 7% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-2-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 40% 
               
               
                   
                 1V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 5-HBB(F)B-2 
                 (3-3-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)—F 
                 (4-9-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-11-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 74.2° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.143; Δε = 4.2; Vth = 2.43 V; η = 18.2 mPa · s; γ1 = 51.0 mPa · s; τ = 5.4 ms; VHR-1 = 99.3%; VHR-2 = 98.4%; VHR-3 = 98.2% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 5 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 6% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BBB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-8) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 48% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HHB-1 
                 (3-2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-HHB-1 
                 (3-2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHB—CL 
                 (4-4-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-6-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HBB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-8-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-11-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHEBH-3 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 80.8° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.104; Δε = 3.0; Vth = 2.46 V; η = 18.0 mPa · s; γ1 = 52.2 mPa · s; τ = 5.2 ms; VHR-1 = 99.3%; VHR-2 = 98.3%; VHR-3 = 98.2% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 6 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 13% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BBB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-8) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 1V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-5 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 20% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HH—VFF 
                 (3-1-1-2) 
                 15% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-HHB-1 
                 (3-2-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-BB(F)B-1 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B-3 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-5-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-6-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-PyBB—F 
                 (4-10-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 4-PyBB—F 
                 (4-10-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 5-PyBB—F 
                 (4-10-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 81.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.131; Δε = 4.0; Vth = 2.24 V; η = 18.5 mPa · s; γ1 = 53.8 mPa · s; τ = 5.4 ms; VHR-1 = 99.0%; VHR-2 = 98.2%; VHR-3 = 98.0% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 7 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 5% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BBB(F,F)XB(F)—CL 
                 (2-7) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 54% 
               
               
                   
                 1V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)XB(F)—OCF3 
                 (4-12-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 5-GHB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-19) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 4-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 72.6° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.108; Δε = 2.3; Vth = 2.40 V; η = 15.0 mPa · s; γ1 = 45.2 mPa · s; τ = 4.3 ms; VHR-1 = 99.4%; VHR-2 = 98.4%; VHR-3 = 98.2% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 8 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 6% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)—OCF3 
                 (2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 46% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHB-1 
                 (3-2-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-BB(F)B-1 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-BB(F)B-2 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HB—CL 
                 (4-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-6-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 5-PyB(F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-21) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 5-PyB(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-22) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 1O1-HBBH-5 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 74.3° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.114; Δε = 3.2; Vth = 2.33 V; η = 13.1 mPa · s; γ1 = 41.9 mPa · s; τ = 3.8 ms; VHR-1 = 99.0%; VHR-2 = 98.0%; VHR-3 = 97.8% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 9 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 10% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 2-HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 24% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HH-4 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HHB-1 
                 (3-2-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B-3 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HB—CL 
                 (4-1-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F)—F 
                 (4-13) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F,F)XB(F)—F 
                 (4-15) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 3-GHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-20) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHEBH-3 
                 (-) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 72.2° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.141; Δε = 2.9; Vth = 2.49 V; η = 19.6 mPa · s; γ1 = 57.5 mPa · s; τ = 6.2 ms; VHR-1 = 99.0%; VHR-2 = 97.8%; VHR-3 = 97.7% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 10 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 5% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 49% 
               
               
                   
                 V2-BB(F)B-1 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B-3 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 5-HBB(F)B-2 
                 (3-3-3-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 5-HBB(F)B-3 
                 (3-3-3-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-6-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHEB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-16) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HBEB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-17) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HGB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-18) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 1O1-HBBH-5 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 85.9° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.120; Δε = 2.6; Vth = 2.65 V; η = 19.7 mPa · s; γ1 = 57.1 mPa · s; τ = 5.7 ms; VHR-1 = 99.3%; VHR-2 = 98.5%; VHR-3 = 98.2% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 11 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 5% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F)—F 
                 (2-4) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB—OCF3 
                 (2-5) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F,F)B(F,F)XB(F)—OCF3 
                 (2-6) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 30% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HH—VFF 
                 (3-1-1-2) 
                 15% 
               
               
                   
                 7-HB-1 
                 (3-1-2-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HB—O2 
                 (3-1-2-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HBB-2 
                 (3-2-2-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B-3 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                 1V2-BB—F 
                 (4-2-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 1V2-BB—CL 
                 (4-3-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHXB(F)—OCF3 
                 (4-14) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHEBH-3 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 70.4° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.116; Δε = 3.9; Vth = 2.36 V; η = 15.1 mPa · s; γ1 = 48.4 mPa · s; τ = 5.0 ms; VHR-1 = 99.3%; VHR-2 = 98.1%; VHR-3 = 98.0% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 12 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 V2-BB—2V 
                 (1) 
                 5% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 3-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 4-BB(F)B(F,F)XB(F,F)—F 
                 (2-1-1) 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
                 V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 45% 
               
               
                   
                 1V—HH-3 
                 (3-1-1-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 1-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 8% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BB(F)B—2V 
                 (3-2-3-1) 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 2-BBB(2F)-4 
                 (3-2-4-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 5-HBBH-2 
                 (3-3-1-1) 
                 4% 
               
               
                   
                 5-HBB(2F)H-3 
                 (3-3-2-1) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 5-GHB(F,F)—F 
                 (4-19) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 3-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                 4-HHBB(F,F)—F 
                 (-) 
                 3% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 NI = 90.2° C.; Tc ≦ −20° C.; Δn = 0.130; Δε = 2.2; Vth = 2.70 V; η = 19.9 mPa · s; γ1 = 57.0 mPa · s; τ = 6.3 ms; VHR-1 = 99.3%; VHR-2 = 98.3%; VHR-3 = 98.3% 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the conditions and order of steps can be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.