Patent Publication Number: US-11654384-B2

Title: Liquid filter arrangement and methods

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/994,899 filed Aug. 17, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/437,526 filed Feb. 21, 2017, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,744,431, which claims priority under 35 USC § 119(e) to U.S. provisional application 62/302,553 filed Mar. 2, 2016 and U.S. provisional application 62/352,609 filed Jun. 21, 2016; each of these applications is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates to filter cartridges, filter assemblies including the cartridge connected to a filter head, and methods of use. The filter arrangement in this disclosure can be used for filtration of fluids, such as liquids, especially fuel, hydraulics, and lube. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Filters are commonly used in connection with lubrication systems and fuel systems for internal combustion engines and hydraulic systems for heavy duty equipment. Filters are also used in many other types of liquid systems. In these types of systems, the filter is changed periodically. One type of typical filter system used is a spin-on canister filter. 
     Spin-on canister filters are disposable units, which typically include a single-use housing holding a permanently mounted, non-replaceable filter element (cartridge filter). The canister holding the cartridge filter is usually spun onto a filter head by a threaded engagement. The liquid to be cleaned passes from the filter head and into the housing for filtering. The cleaned liquid exits the housing and reenters the filter head. After some period of use, the spin-on canister filter is removed from the filter head and is discarded. A new spin-on canister filter is then mounted onto the filter head. 
     Typically, there is some type of seal arrangement between the filter and the filter head. In the past, the seal arrangement could put a drag when installing and removing, which causes difficulty in maintenance. Further, in prior art designs, it takes several revolutions of the housing onto the filter head before the threads bottom out. This can cause difficulty with cross-threading or not properly mounting the filter onto the filter head. Improvements are desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     A filter cartridge and filter assembly are provided to improve the problems of the prior art. 
     In a first aspect, a filter cartridge is provided including a housing, a filter media construction, a sleeve, and a housing seal member. 
     The housing has a surrounding wall defining an interior volume. The housing has an open mouth in communication with the interior volume and a bottom opposite of the mouth. The surrounding wall has an interior surface in communication with the interior volume and an opposite exterior surface. 
     The filter media construction is operably oriented in the interior volume of the housing. The sleeve is oriented against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion. The inner portion is oriented against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve includes opposite first and second ends, with the first end being adjacent to the open mouth of the housing. The sleeve includes a seal holder recess along the exterior portion. A radially extending base surface is part of the recess. A recess wall extends axially at least partially between the base surface and the first end of the sleeve. The base surface has a radial base length extending from the recess wall. The sleeve includes a plurality of threads projecting radially outwardly from a threaded section of the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second end and the base surface. The threaded section has a radial length measured from the recess wall, wherein the radial length of the threaded section is greater than the radial base length. The housing seal member is operably held in the seal holder recess. 
     Independent of the above, and in another aspect, a filter cartridge is provided. The filter cartridge includes a housing, a filter media construction, a sleeve, and a housing seal member. The housing has a surrounding wall defining an interior volume. The housing has an open mouth in communication with the interior volume and a bottom opposite of the mouth. The surrounding wall has an interior surface in communication with the interior volume and an opposite exterior surface. The filter media construction is operably oriented in the interior volume of the housing. The sleeve is against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion, with the inner portion being oriented against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve includes opposite first and second ends, the first end being adjacent the open mouth of the housing. The sleeve includes a seal holder recess along the exterior portion. The recess includes a radially extending base surface and a recess wall extending axially at least partially between the base surface and the first end of the sleeve. The seal holder recess has a joint at an intersection between the base surface and the recess wall. The sleeve includes a threaded section in the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second end and the base surface. The housing seal member is operably held in the seal holder recess. The housing seal member has a sealing compression region. The sealing compression region in cross-section is defined by a compression region line. A line perpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint in the seal holder recess and the seal member. 
     Independent of the above, a filter cartridge is provided comprising a housing having a surrounding wall defining an interior volume; the housing having an open mouth in communication with the interior volume and a bottom opposite of the mouth; the surrounding wall having an interior surface in communication with the interior volume and an opposite exterior surface. A filter media construction is operably oriented in the interior volume of the housing; and a sleeve is against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion. The inner portion is oriented against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve includes, opposite first and second ends, with the first end being adjacent the open mouth of the housing; a seal holder recess along the exterior portion and a housing seal member being held in the seal holder recess; a joint being defined at an intersection between a line tangent to a lowest point of the seal member, when the cartridge is oriented with the mouth as uppermost, and a line tangent to a most radially inward portion of the seal member; a threaded section in the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second end and the base surface. The housing seal member has a sealing compression region; the sealing compression region in cross-section is defined by a compression region line. A line perpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint and the housing seal member. 
     Independent of the above, the seal holder recess may be defined by an outwardly radially projecting rib adjacent to the first end of the sleeve forming a ceiling of the recess, wherein the seal holder recess includes radially extending base surface and a recess wall extending axially between the base surface and the ceiling. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be even with the first end of the sleeve. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be spaced from the first end of the sleeve. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be part of the sleeve. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be part of the housing. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be part of both the sleeve and the housing. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the outwardly radially projecting rib can have a length less than 80% of the radial base length. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the outwardly radially projecting rib can have a length less than 60% of the radial base length. 
     In aspects that include a rib, the outwardly radially projecting rib can have a length less than 55% of the radial base length. 
     The rib can extend radially away from the recess wall a distance less than the base surface extends away from the recess wall. 
     The base surface is located at least 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The base surface can be located at least 7 mm and no greater than 11 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section, the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 10-50 degrees. 
     The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section, with the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 12-30 degrees. 
     The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section, the bevel section being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 13-17 degrees. 
     The bevel surface can have an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.7-2 mm. 
     The bevel surface can have an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm. 
     The sleeve can include a radially extending stop member between the threaded section and the second end. 
     The stop member is located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member projects radially outwardly a distance greater than any other portion of the sleeve. 
     The filter media construction comprises a cylinder of pleated filter media secured between first and second end caps. 
     A ring may project axially from the first end cap in a direction away from a remaining part of the filter media construction, and the first end cap seal member can be held by the ring. 
     The first end cap seal member may project radially outwardly from the ring. 
     The filter media construction may be fixed and non-removably mounted in the interior volume of the housing. 
     The housing bottom can include a drain valve. 
     The housing seal member may project radially outwardly farther than the rib. 
     The wall of the housing may overlap the first end of the sleeve. 
     The wall of the housing may overlap the projecting rib and be in extension along the exterior portion of the sleeve along the recess wall. 
     In another aspect, a filter assembly is provided including a filter cartridge as variously characterized above and further including a filter head removably attached to the filter cartridge. 
     The filter head can include an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior. The outer wall has an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and a ramp. The ramp may be angled in a direction toward the cartridge receiving interior and positioned to engage the housing seal member to form a seal with the filter cartridge when the filter head and filter cartridge are operably attached to each other. 
     The threaded region can be between the ramp and the end rim. 
     The ramp can be angled between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The ramp can be angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The ramp can be angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The filter head may include an inlet arrangement for conveying unfiltered fluid to the filter cartridge in an outlet arrangement for conveying filtered fluid from the filter cartridge. 
     Independent of the above, in another aspect, a filter assembly is provided. The filter assembly includes a filter head having an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior. The outer wall has an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and a ramp. A filter cartridge is removably attached to the filter head. The filter cartridge includes a housing, a filter media construction operably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing. The sleeve has a threaded section mateably engaging the threaded region of the filter head. The sleeve defines a seal holder recess. A seal member is within the seal holder recess and projects radially outwardly. The ramp on the filter head is compressed against the seal member to form a seal between the filter head and the filter cartridge. 
     The ramp can be angled between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The ramp can be angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The ramp can be angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion. The inner portion can be oriented against the exterior surface of the housing. The sleeve includes opposite first and second ends, with the first end being adjacent an open mouth of the housing. The seal holder recess is along the exterior portion, the recess including a radially extending base surface and a recess wall extending axially at least partially between the base surface and the first end of the sleeve. The seal holder recess has a joint being defined at an intersection between a line tangent to a lowest point of the seal member, when the cartridge is oriented with the mouth as uppermost, and a line tangent to a most radially inward portion of the seal member The threaded section of the sleeve is in the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second end and the base surface. The ramp compresses against the housing seal member in cross-section along a compression region line. A line perpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint in the seal holder recess and the seal member. 
     The sleeve may include a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section. The bevel section can be angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 10-50 degrees. 
     The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section, with the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 12-30 degrees. 
     The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section, with the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 13-17 degrees. 
     The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.7-2 mm. 
     The bevel section can have an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm. 
     The sleeve can include a radially extending stop member between the threaded section and the second end. 
     The stop member can be located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm from an axial rim defining a mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member can be located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm from an axial rim defining a mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member may project radially outwardly a distance greater than any other portion of the sleeve. 
     The filter media construction may comprise a cylinder of pleated filter media secured between first and second end caps. 
     A ring can project from the first end cap in a direction away from a remaining part of the filter media construction, and a first end cap seal member can be held by the ring. 
     The first end cap seal member may project radially outwardly from the ring. 
     The filter media construction is fixed and non-removably mounted in the interior volume of the housing. 
     The filter cartridge may further include a drain valve. 
     Independent of the above, and another aspect, a method of installing a filter cartridge on a filter head is provided. The method includes steps of providing a filter head, providing a filter cartridge, and threadably mating the filter head and filter cartridge. The step of providing a filter head includes a providing a head having an inlet arrangement, and outlet arrangement, and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior. The outer wall has an end rim and a threaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim. The step of providing a filter cartridge includes providing a housing, a filter media construction operably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing. The sleeve has a threaded section, defines a seal holder recess, and a seal member that is within the seal holder recess and projecting radially outwardly. The step of threadably mating includes mating the threaded section of the sleeve with the threaded region of the filter head to compress the seal member and form a seal between the filter head and the filter cartridge, the seal being formed using a torque less than 50% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     The step of threadably mating may include forming the seal using a torque less than 55% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     The step of threadably mating may include forming the seal using a torque of no greater than 15 N-m. 
     The step of providing a filter head may include providing the filter head outer wall to have a ramp, wherein the threaded region is between the ramp and the end rim. The step of threadably mating may include compressing the ramp against the seal member to form the seal between and against the ramp and the sleeve. 
     The step of providing a filter head may include providing the filter head outer wall to have the ramp be angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     After the step of threadably mating, there can be a step of disconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque of less than 50% needed to disconnect using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     After the step of threadably mating, there can be a step of disconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque of less than 65% needed to disconnect using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     After the step of threadably mating, there can be a step of disconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque of less than 15 N-m. 
     The step of providing a filter cartridge can include providing a filter cartridge as variously characterized in any of the above characterizations. 
     The step of providing a filter head can include providing a filter head according to the various characterizations above. 
     It is noted that not all of the specific features described herein need to be incorporated in an arrangement for the arrangement to have some selected advantage according to the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an exploded, top perspective view of a filter assembly constructed in accordance with the principles of this disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is an exploded, bottom perspective view of the filter assembly of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is a top view of the assembled filter assembly of  FIGS.  1  and  2   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of the filter assembly of  FIG.  3   , the cross-section being taken along the line  4 - 4  of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge used in the filter assembly of  FIGS.  3  and  4   ; 
         FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve used with the filter cartridge of  FIG.  5   ; 
         FIG.  7    is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of Section A of  FIG.  6   ; 
         FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view of the filter head shown as part of the filter assembly of  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  9    is an enlarged view of Section B-B of  FIG.  8   ; 
         FIG.  10    is an enlarged view of Section C-C of  FIG.  4   ; 
         FIG.  11    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  12    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  13    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  14    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  15    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  16    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  17    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; 
         FIG.  18    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; and 
         FIG.  19    is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  10   , but without the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A filter cartridge and a filter assembly that improve the problems of the prior art is shown in  FIGS.  1 - 4   . 
     The filter assembly constructed in accordance with the principles of this disclosure is illustrated in exploded perspective view in  FIGS.  1  and  2    at  20 . The filter assembly  20  includes a filter head  22 . The filter head  22  will be mounted or connected to a system, such as equipment with a lubrication system or fuel system for internal combustion engines, or a hydraulic system for heavy duty equipment. The filter head  22  will be in liquid communication with components of this equipment such that the liquid to be filtered will flow into the filter head  22  for filtering by the filter assembly  20  and then exit the filter head  22  in a filtered state for use by the equipment. 
     The filter assembly  20  further includes a filter cartridge  24 . The filter cartridge  24 , in this embodiment, is a spin-on canister filter  26 . The spin-on canister filter  26  has a single use can or housing  28  holding a permanently mounted, non-replaceable filter element  30 . The housing  28  holding the filter element  30  is spun onto the filter head  22  by a threaded engagement. As can be seen in  FIG.  22   , the filter head  22  has threads  32 , and the housing  28  has threads  34 . The liquid to be cleaned passes from the filter head  22  and into the housing  28  for filtering. The liquid flows through the filter element  30  for filtering, reenters the filter head  22 , and then exits the filter head  22  to be used by downstream equipment. After some period of use, the filter cartridge  24  is removed from the filter head  22  and is discarded. A new filter cartridge  24  may then be provided and mounted onto the filter head  22  for filtering. In alternate embodiments, the filter assembly  20  could be a bowl-cartridge filter, in which the housing forms a re-usable bowl that connects to the filter head, and a replaceable filter cartridge is held within the bowl. 
     Attention is directed to  FIG.  5   .  FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view of filter cartridge  24 . As mentioned previously, the filter cartridge  24  includes the housing  28  holding the non-removable filter element  30 . 
     The filter housing  28  includes a surrounding wall  36 . The housing wall  36  will typically be a thin-walled construction of metal. The surrounding wall  36  of the housing  28  defines an interior volume  38 . The housing  28  has an open mouth  40 . The open mouth  40  is in communication with the interior volume  38 . 
     The housing  28  includes a housing bottom  42 . The bottom  42  is at an end of the housing  28  opposite of the mouth  40 . The surrounding wall  36  has an interior surface  44 . The interior surface  44  is in communication with the interior volume  38 . On an opposite side of the wall  36  from the interior surface  44  is an exterior surface  46 . A central, longitudinal axis  55  passes through the cartridge  24  as it extends through the open mouth  40  and housing bottom  42 . 
     The filter element  30  is permanently and non-removably mounted in the interior volume  38  of the housing  28 . The filter element  30  includes a filter media construction  48 . The filter media construction  48  is operably orientated in the interior volume  38  of the housing  28 . The filter media construction  48  may be embodied in many different forms. In many embodiments, the filter media construction  48  includes pleated media  50 . The pleated media  50  may be cellulose, glass, synthetic, or a blend of any of these. The filter media construction  48  may include fine fiber. 
     In many embodiments, the filter media construction  48  is generally tubular, which can include oval or cylindrical in shape. In this embodiment, it is cylindrical in shape such that the pleated media  50  defines an open filter interior  52 . The filter media construction  48 , including if it is pleated media  50 , may be supported by an inner support, such as a perforated inner liner  54 . The inner liner  54  supports the pleats and prevents the pleats in the pleated media  50  from collapsing. 
     The filter media construction  48  has opposite ends  56 , which is adjacent the open mouth  40 , and  58 , which is adjacent the bottom  42 . Secured to the media construction  48  at the end  56  is a first end cap  60 . The first end cap  60  is an open end cap because it has an opening  62  in its center that is in communication with the open filter interior  52 . The first end cap  60  can be made from various types of material, including non-metal, such as nylon or hard plastic. The first end cap  60  is secured to the filter media construction  48  by either molding the first end cap  60  directly to the filter media construction  48  or by other methods such as adhesive or potting material. 
     A second end cap  64  is secured to the end  58  of the filter media construction  48 . The second end cap  64  will typically be made of the same materials as the first end cap  60 , which can be nylon or hard plastic. The second end cap  64  may be closed to the open filter interior  52 , but in some embodiments, it can be selectively opened by use of a drain valve, not shown in  FIG.  5   . A mounting arrangement  66  for the drain valve can been seen in  FIG.  5    as part of the second end cap  64 . The housing  28  can be opened at access opening  68 , which may then allow the drain valve to drain fluid from the filter cartridge  24 . 
     Referring again to the first end cap  60 , there is a ring  70  that projects axially from the first end cap  60  in a direction away from the second cap  64  and away from a remaining part of the filter media construction  48 . The ring  70 , in this embodiment, is adjacent to the opening  62  of the first end cap  60 . The ring  70  defines a groove  72 . The groove  72  opens in a radially outward direction, toward the interior surface  44  of the surrounding wall  36 . Located within the groove  72  is first end cap seal member  74 . The first end cap seal  74  may be embodied as an O-ring. The first end cap seal member  74  is oriented in a direction radially outwardly from the ring  70  and toward the interior surface  44  of the surrounding wall  36 . It forms a seal  165  with the filter head  22 , as described further below in connection with  FIGS.  8  and  4   . 
     While many embodiments are possible, in this embodiment, the first end cap  60  includes an optional centering arrangement  76 . The center arrangement  76  includes a pair of axial projections  78 ,  79  that project axially from the first end cap  60  in a direction away from the second end cap  64  and a remaining portion of the filter media construction  48 . The center arrangement  76  helps to guide and mount the filter cartridge  24  to the filter head  22 . The axial projections  78 ,  79  are spaced from the projecting ring  70  and are located adjacent to outer radial edge  80  of the first end cap  60 . 
     The first end cap  60  further includes a plurality of outer radial projections  82  ( FIGS.  1  and  5   ). The outer radial projections  82  help to center the filter media construction  48  within the housing  28  by pressing radially against the interior surface  44  of the housing wall  46 . 
     The filter cartridge  24  further includes a sleeve  84 . The sleeve  84  will be secured to the housing  28  along the exterior surface  46  of the housing  28 . In many embodiments, the sleeve  84  is mounted against the exterior surface  46  of the surrounding wall  36 . 
     An enlarged view of the sleeve  84  is illustrated in detail in  FIG.  6   . The sleeve  84  has an inner portion  86  and an opposite exterior portion  88 . The inner portion  86 , in the embodiment shown, is orientated against the exterior surface  46  of the surrounding wall  36 . 
     The sleeve  84  can be made from many different types of materials, including metal or non-metal. In preferred embodiments, the sleeve is made from non-metal, such as plastic, for example, nylon. 
     In reference to  FIG.  6   , the sleeve  84  has opposite first and second ends  91 ,  92 . The first end  91  is adjacent the open mouth  40  ( FIG.  5   ) of the housing  28 . The second end  92  is located spaced from the open mouth  40  and typically in the upper one-third of the housing  28 , when the open mouth  40  is orientated to be at the top. 
     The sleeve  84  includes a seal holder recess  94 . The seal holder recess  94  is along the exterior portion  88 . 
       FIG.  7    shows an enlarged view of one cross-sectional view portion of the sleeve  84 , the section shown at Section A in  FIG.  6   . The sleeve  84  has an outwardly radially projecting rib  96 . The rib  96  is adjacent the first end  91  and forms a ceiling  98  of the recess  94 . By “adjacent the first end  91 ” it is meant that the rib  96  can be either be even with the first end  91  or spaced from (either toward or away) a remaining portion of the sleeve  84  by a few mm, e.g., 5 mm or fewer. In  FIG.  7   , the rib  96  is even with the first end  91 . See  FIG.  14    for one example embodiment (of many possibilities) in which the rib  96  is adjacent the first end  91  by being spaced from the first end  91 . A radially extending base surface  100  is opposite of the ceiling  98  forming a floor of the recess  94 . A recess wall  102  extends axially between the ceiling  98  and the base surface  100 . The base surface  100  has a radial base length  104  extending from the recess wall  102 . Advantages including sealing at a lower torque are achieved when the rib  96  extends a radial distance from recess wall  102  less than the base surface  100  extends away from the recess wall  102 . 
     The housing threads  34  project radially outwardly from threaded section  106  of the exterior portion  88  of the sleeve  84  between the second end  92  and the base surface  100 . The threaded section  106  has a radial length  108  measured from the recess wall  102  to the exterior portion  88  from where the individual threads  34  start to project from the exterior portion  88 . The radial length  108  of the threaded section  106  is greater than the radial base length  104 . This arrangement helps to contribute to a filter cartridge  24  that is easier to mount to the filter head  22  than prior art arrangements, requiring much less torque. 
     In reference to  FIGS.  4  and  10   , a housing seal member  110  is operably held in the seal holder recess  94 . The housing seal member  110  forms a radially outwardly directed seal  172  with the filter head  22 , when the filter cartridge  24  is operably connected to the filter head  22 . As will be explained below, the housing wall  36  can optionally include a section  37  ( FIG.  10   ) that extends into and line at least a portion of the recess  94 , such that the seal  172  is formed between and against the filter head  22 , the sleeve  84 , and the section  37  of the housing wall  36  extending into the recess  94 . 
     Again in reference to  FIG.  7   , the seal holder recess  94  includes a joint  112  at an intersection between the base surface  100  and the recess  102 . The joint  112  need not be a 90 degree corner, but can be on a radius. For example, the joint  112  can be on a radius 0.25 inches. Many embodiments are possible. The radius can be larger or smaller, and the angle between the base surface  100  and recess  102  can be larger or smaller. 
     As mentioned previously, there is a housing seal member  110  that is operably held in the seal holder recess  94 . Attention is directed to  FIG.  10    which shows the housing seal member  110  held within the recess  94  and forming seal  172  with the filter head  22 . As can be appreciated from the drawings shown in  FIG.  10   , the housing seal member  110  has sealing compression region  114 , which is a portion of the housing sealing member  110  that receives the compressive force to form the seal  172  with the filter head  22 . In this embodiment, the sealing compression region  114 , when viewed in cross-section, such as shown in  FIG.  10   , is defined by a compression region line  116 . The compression region line  116  is viewable in  FIG.  10    and in  FIG.  5   . A line  118  ( FIG.  10   ) perpendicular to the compression region line  116  passes through the joint  112  in the seal holder recess  94  and the sealing member  110 . In this embodiment, “passing through the sealing member  110 ” means extending through more than one point of the sealing member  110 ; that is, if the line  118  is only tangent (a line that touches a curved surface but does not intersect it) to the sealing member  110 , it would not pass through the sealing member  110  according to this definition. In general, in this example, the line  118  will not be perpendicular to the central axis  55  ( FIG.  5   ), and the line  116  will not be parallel to the central axis  55 . 
     The arrangement is formed to achieve advantages, including a torque that is less than needed in the prior art to reliably secure the filter cartridge  24  to the filter head  22 . Some preferred arrangements are described herein that lead to this result. For example, in  FIG.  7   , the outwardly radially projecting rib  96  has a radially projecting length that is less than 80% of the length of the radial base line  104 . The many embodiments, the length of the rib  96  is less than 60% of the radial base length  104 . In even more preferred embodiments, the rib  96  has a length of less than 55 percent of the radial base length  104 . 
     Further arrangements that lead to advantage include the base surface  100  being located at 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm from an axial rim  120  ( FIG.  5   ) defining the mouth  40  of the housing  28 . In more preferred embodiments, the base surface  100  is located at least 7 mm and no greater than 11 mm, preferably about 9 mm, from the axial rim  120  of the mouth  40  of the housing  28 . 
     Other arrangements that lead to advantage include the sleeve  84  having a beveled surface  122  ( FIG.  7   ). The beveled surface  122  is between the base surface  100  and the threaded section  106 . Advantages result by having the beveled surface  122  being angled relative to the threaded section  106  at an angle  124  between 13-17 degrees. 
     The beveled surface  122  can have an axial length  126  between the base surface  100  and the threaded section  106  of 0.7-2 mm. In more preferred embodiments, the beveled surface  122  can have the axial length  126  between the base surface  100  and the threaded section  106  of 0.8-1.5 mm. 
     In  FIG.  7   , it can be seen how in the particular embodiment illustrated, the sleeve  84  includes a radially extending stop member  128 . The stop  128  is between the threaded section  106  and the second end  92  of the sleeve  84 . The stop member  128  can be located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm from the axial rim  120  ( FIG.  5   ) defining the mouth  40  of the housing  28 . In embodiments that lead to more preferred advantages, the stop member  128  is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm, preferably about 26 mm, from the axial rim  120  defining the mouth  40  of the housing  28 . In still further arrangements leading to advantages, the stop member  128  projects radially outwardly a distance that is greater than any other portion of the sleeve  84 . This can be seen in the particular arrangement shown in  FIG.  7   . 
     In reference again to  FIG.  5   , the housing seal member  110  projects radially outwardly further than the rib  96 . This can lead to advantage of forming a seal with a filter head with less torque than prior art arrangements. 
     In reference now to  FIGS.  5  and  10   , in many preferred arrangements, the wall  36  of the housing  28  overlaps the first end  91  of the sleeve  84  at section  37 , as previously mentioned. For example, the wall  36  of the housing  28  can overlap the projecting rib  96  and be an extension at section  37  along the exterior portion  88  of the sleeve  84  along the recess wall  102  ( FIG.  7   ). In the example illustrated in  FIG.  10   , the wall  36  of the housing  28  extends over the first end  91  of the sleeve  84 , around the rib  96 , along the ceiling  98  ( FIG.  7   ), and along at least a portion of the recess wall  102  ( FIG.  7   ). In  FIG.  10   , the section  37  of the wall  36  stops short of extending all the way along the recess wall  102  to the base surface  100  ( FIG.  7   ), but in other embodiments, it could extend the full extension of the recess wall  102  to the base surface  100  and further extend along the base surface  100 . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates one example useful embodiment with dimensions that provide a workable design leading to advantage. Advantages include those that improve the prior art such as having the ability to mount the filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22  using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possible cross-threading. In  FIG.  7   , the rib  96  is shown projecting from the recess wall  102  at a dimension  130 . The dimension  130  can be at least 2 mm, not more than 5 mm, and preferably about 4 mm. The angle  132  that the rib  96  declines as it extends from the inner portion  86  in a direction toward the exterior portion  88  is at least 3 degrees, no greater than 7 degrees, and preferably about 5 degrees. The rib  96  has an axial length  134  from the first end  91  to the recess wall  102  of at least 2 mm, not more than 6 mm, and preferably 3-5 mm. The length  136  from the second end  92  to the base surface  100  is at least 20 mm, no greater than 35 mm, and preferably 25-30 mm. The length  138  from the second end  92  to the upper end of the threaded section  106  and the start of the bevel surface  122  is at least 20 mm, no greater than 30 mm, and preferably 27-29 mm, such as about 28 mm. The distance  140  between the first end  91  and an upper surface  142  of the stop member  128  is at least 10 mm, no greater than 30 mm, preferably 18-28 mm. The upper surface  142  of the stop member  128  is the portion of the stop member  128  that is oriented toward the first end  91 . 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a cross-section of the sleeve  84  by itself and unattached to a remaining portion of the filter cartridge  24 .  FIG.  6    shows useful dimensions for embodiments that result in advantages over the prior art. Some of these dimensions are summarized in the table below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 No greater  
                   
               
               
                   
                 At least 
                 than 
                   
               
               
                 Dimension 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 Preferably (mm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 145 
                 80 
                 120 
                 90-95, about 93 
               
               
                 146 
                 75 
                 115 
                 87-92, about 89 
               
               
                 147 
                 65 
                 105 
                 78-83, about 81 
               
               
                 148 
                 25 
                 40 
                 33-36, about 34 
               
               
                 149 
                 64 
                 104 
                 77-82, about 81 
               
               
                 150 
                 85 
                 125 
                 98-103, about 101 
               
               
                 151 
                 1.5 
                 3.0 
                 2.0-2.5, about 2.2 
               
               
                 152 
                 6 
                 15 
                 9-12, about 11 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Attention is now directed to the filter head  22  as can be seen in  FIGS.  3 ,  4 ,  8 , and  9   . The filter head  22  has an outer wall  156 . The outer wall  156  surrounds a cartridge receiving interior  158  ( FIG.  8   ). The outer wall  156  has an end rim  160 . The end rim  160  will engage against the stop member  128  when the filter cartridge  24  is operably mounted to the filter head  22 . The filter head  22  further includes a threaded region  162  ( FIG.  8   ), which includes threads  32 . The threaded region  162  is along an inside surface  168  of the wall  156  and is oriented toward and is in communication with the cartridge-receiving interior  158 . The threaded region  162 , in this embodiment, is immediately adjacent to the end rim  160 . 
     The filter head  22  further includes an inner wall  164 . The inner wall  164  is in the interior volume  158  and is spaced from the outer wall  156 . The inner wall  164  is generally spaced axially above (in the view of  FIG.  8    with the rim  160  at the most downward position) the threaded region  162 . The inner wall  162  extends or projects into the interior  158  from an end  170  of the filter head  22 . The inner wall  162  is oriented to form a seal  165  ( FIG.  4   ) with the first end cap seal member  74 , when the filter cartridge  24  is operably connected to the filter head  22 . In the example embodiment shown, the seal  165  is formed between an inner radial surface  167  ( FIG.  8   ) of the inner wall  162  and the radially outwardly directed first end cap seal member  74 . 
     The filter head  22  further includes a ramp  166 . The ramp  166  is along the inside surface  168  of the outer wall  156  and in communication with the cartridge receiving interior  158 . The ramp  166 , in the example shown, is located adjacent the threaded region  162  and spaced axially between the threaded region  162  and the end  170  of the filter head  22 . The end  170 , in the orientation shown in  FIGS.  4  and  8   , is an upper surface and is opposite of the end rim  160 . 
     The ramp  166  is angled in a direction toward the cartridge receiving interior  158  and is positioned to engage the housing seal member  110  to form seal  172  ( FIGS.  4  and  10   ) with the filter cartridge  24  when the filter head  22  and the filter cartridge  24  are operably attached to each other. 
     The threaded region  162  is located between the ramp  166  and the end rim  160 . This is arranged such that the ramp  166  will press against the housing seal member  110  while the threaded region  162  engages (mates with) the threaded section  106  ( FIG.  7   ) of the filter cartridge  24 . 
     Attention is directed to  FIG.  9   , which illustrates Section B-B of  FIG.  8   . Example dimensions are shown, which can lead to embodiments with advantages over the prior art. An angle of the ramp  166  is shown at Ref.  174 . This is an operable section of the ramp  166 . By “operable section of the ramp” it is meant the portion of the ramp  166  that presses against the housing seal member  110  to form seal  172  between the filter cartridge  24  and the filter head  22 . The angle  174  of the ramp  166  is measured from the outer wall  156  of the filter head  122 . The ramp  166  inclines as it extends from the threaded region  162  in a direction away from the end rim and  160  and toward the end  170 . The angle  174  is between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall  156  of the filter head. In some embodiments, the ramp  166  is angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall  156  of the filter head  22 . More preferably, the ramp  166  is angled between 12 and 18 degrees, such as about 15 degrees from the other wall  156  of the filter head  22 . 
     Other useful dimensions for the filter head, to result in advantages over the prior art, are shown in the table below: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 No greater  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 At least  
                 than 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimension 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 Preferably (mm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 178 
                 15 
                 30 
                 20-25, about 22 
               
               
                   
                 180 
                  7 
                 20 
                 10-15, about 13 
               
               
                   
                 182 
                 10 degrees 
                 70 degrees 
                 25-35, about 30 degrees 
               
               
                   
                 184 
                  5 
                 17 
                  9-13, about 11 
               
               
                   
                 186 
                  6 
                 18 
                 10-14, about 12 
               
               
                   
                 188 
                 10 
                 25 
                 15-20, about 18 
               
               
                   
                 190 
                 14 
                 29 
                 19-24, about 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In  FIG.  4   , the filter head  22  includes an inlet arrangement  192  with an inlet port  194  providing access into the cartridge receiving interior  158 . The filter head  22  further includes an outlet arrangement  196  having an outlet port  198 . 
     The inlet arrangement  192  conveys liquid filter to the filter head  22  and allows it to enter the filter head  22  to the inlet port  194 . The liquid then flows into the filter cartridge  24 , through the filter media construction  48 , then through the opening  62  of the first end cap  60 . From there, the filtered liquid flows back into the filter head  22  and then through the outlet port  198  to exit the filter head  22  where it can be used by downstream equipment. 
     EXPERIMENTAL 
     Testing was done to test the torque needed to operably install (form seals  172  and  165 ) and to dismount a filter cartridge onto a filter head. A filter head and filter cartridge in accordance with principles of this disclosure, as shown in  FIG.  4    (cartridge having part number 0057A3464 TR, and head having part number 0057A3462) was compared to a prior art filter cartridge, having part number P573836, and filter head having part number P573832. The prior art filter cartridge and filter head is of the type as shown in WO 2009/149186 (FIGS. 19, 19A, and 16A), which is incorporated herein by reference. Note that this prior art filter head does not have a ramp  166 , but instead, the filter head has a wall at the comparable section that is a straight, vertical section parallel to the central axis  55  of the filter cartridge. The results were as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cartridge Part 
                 Head Part 
                 Trial 
                 On 
                 Off 
                 Av. On 
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 No. 
                 No. 
                 (N-M) 
                 (N-M) 
                 (N-M) 
                 % Red. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 P573836 
                 P573832 
                 1 
                 15.7 
                 18.5 
                 16.5 
                 N/A 
               
               
                 P573836 
                 P573832 
                 2 
                 17.9 
                 17.8 
                   
                   
               
               
                 P573836 
                 P573832 
                 3 
                 15.7 
                 17.6 
                   
                   
               
               
                 0057A3464TR 
                 0057A3462 
                 1 
                 6.2 
                 4.6 
                 7.1 
                 57 
               
               
                 0057A3464TR 
                 0057A3462 
                 2 
                 8.1 
                 6.0 
                   
                   
               
               
                 0057A3464TR 
                 0057A3462 
                 3 
                 7.1 
                 5.3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From these results, it can be seen how the seal  172  ( FIG.  4   ) between the housing seal member  110  and the filter head  22  is formed using a torque of no greater than 10 N-m. Indeed, the seal  172  can be formed using a torque less than 55% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. In many embodiments, the seal  172  is formed using a torque of no greater than 8.2 N-m. In many instances, the torque will require a force of at least 6 N-m to form the seal  172 . Compared to the prior art, this represents a percent in reduction of torque needed of over 50%, indeed, over 55%, for example 57%. 
     From the above, it can be appreciated that disconnecting the filter cartridge  24  and the filter head  22  will require a torque of less than 10 N-m. Indeed, the torque will often be less than 7 N-m. In preferred arrangements, disconnecting the filter cartridge  24  and the filter head  22  will use a torque of less than 6.5 N-m. In many instances, the torque required to disconnect the filter cartridge  24  and filter head  22  will be greater than 5 N-m. When compared to the prior art P573836, the torque needed to disconnect is reduced by over 50%; indeed, by over 65%; and in some examples, by 75% or greater. 
     
       FIGS.  11 - 19   
     
       FIGS.  11 - 19    illustrate alternate useful embodiments that can be used with the filter cartridge  24  and filter head  22  that provide a workable design leading to advantage. Advantages for each of these embodiments include those that improve the prior art such as having the ability to mount the filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22  using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possible cross-threading. 
     In the  FIG.  11    embodiment, the sleeve  84  is ribless. It differs from  FIGS.  7  and  10    in that there is no rib  96  ( FIG.  7   ) projecting from the recess wall  102 . The housing  28  is depicted as folded over the first end  91  of the sleeve  84  and has a projection  204  extending radially away from the recess wall  102 . From a radially outwardly most point of the projection  204  of the housing  28 , the housing  28  has a slope  206  that extends radially inwardly toward the recess wall  102  as it extends in a direction toward the base surface  110 . The outwardly most point of projection  204  extends a distance X from the recess wall  102 . The radial length  108  (in  FIG.  7   ) and shown as Y is the distance from the recess wall  102  to the threaded section  106 . Advantages are achieved when the distance X is less than or equal to 80% of the distance Y. Advantages include the ability to mount the filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22  using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possible cross-threading. 
     In the  FIG.  12    embodiment, the recess wall  102  includes a pocket  220  that extends beyond (below in the orientation of  FIG.  12   ) the base surface  100 . In this embodiment, there is a horizontal line  224  that is the tangent line along a portion of the seal member  110  that is oriented adjacent, or against, the base surface  100 . In the orientation of  FIG.  12   , this is also the line  224  passing through (or tangent to) a lowest point of the seal member  110 . There is a line  226  that is the tangent line along the most radially inwardly portion of the seal member  110 . In many examples, the line  226  is about parallel to the recess wall  102 . An intersection between line  224  and line  226  forms joint  222 . The housing seal member  110  has a sealing compression region  114  (see  FIG.  10   ), and the sealing compression region  114  in cross-section is defined by compression region line  116  ( FIG.  10   ). Advantages result when the line  118  ( FIG.  10   ), which is perpendicular to the compression region line  116 , passes through the joint  222  and the housing seal member  110 . Advantages include the ability to mount the filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22  using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possible cross-threading. 
     In the  FIG.  13    embodiment, the sleeve  84  has no recess wall  102 . The seal holder recess  94 , has a non-rectangular cross-section, which can be many shapes, including regular polygonal or irregular polygonal. In the example depicted in  FIG.  13   , the seal holder recess  94  is triangular shaped having a radially inward most portion  240 . The housing  28  is depicted as folded over the first end  91  of the sleeve  84  and has a projection  242  extending radially away from the inner portion  86  of the sleeve  84 . From projection  242  of the housing  28 , the housing  28  has a slope  246  that extends radially inwardly toward the recess  94  inward portion  240 . The angle of the slope will be at least 2°, not greater than 60°, for example about 30-50°. There is also the minor thread diameter shown at  244 . Advantages result when the distance from inward most portion  240  to projection  242  is less than or equal to 80% of the distance between inward most portion  240  and the minor thread diameter  244 . Advantages include the ability to mount the filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22  using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possible cross-threading. 
     In the  FIG.  14    embodiment, the sleeve  84  has outwardly radially projecting rib  96  and is adjacent the first end  91  to forms ceiling  98  of the recess  94 . By “adjacent the first end  91 ” it is meant that the rib  96  can be either be even with the first end  91  or spaced from (either toward or away) a remaining portion of the sleeve  84  by a few mm, e.g., 5 mm or fewer. In this embodiment, the rib  96  is adjacent the first end  91  by being spaced from the first end  91 . Radially extending base surface  100  is opposite of the ceiling  98  forming a floor of the recess  94 . The recess wall  102  extends axially between the ceiling  98  and the base surface  100 . The base surface  100  has radial base length  104  extending from the recess wall  102 . The housing  28  is folded over the first end  91  of the sleeve  84  and overlaps and forms part of the rib  96 . The housing  28  also extends along and hugs the recess in the sleeve to form part of the ceiling  98  and recess wall  102 . In this embodiment, the housing  28  extends to the base surface  100 . 
     In the  FIG.  15    embodiment, the sleeve  84  is ribless. It differs from  FIGS.  7  and  10    in that there is no rib  96  ( FIG.  7   ) projecting from the recess wall  102 . The recess wall  102  has a ramp  250  extending radially inwardly as the ramp  250  extends from the first end  91  of the sleeve to the base surface  100 . The ramp  250  is angled sufficiently to retain the seal member  110  in place and prevent it from rolling off the sleeve  84 . Useful slope angles for the ramp  250  include at least 2°, not greater than 60°, for example about 3-10°. Housing  28  is depicted as folded over the first end  91  of the sleeve  84  and overlapping the ramp  250  to form housing ramp  252 . The housing ramp  252 , in this embodiment, is against the sleeve ramp  250  and can have about the same slope as the sleeve ramp  250  to extend radially inwardly as it extends from the first end  91  to the base surface  100 . 
     In the  FIG.  16    embodiment, the sleeve  84  is ribless as the recess wall  102  extends straight between the first end  91  and the base surface  100 . The housing  28  is depicted as folded over the first end  91  of the sleeve  84  and has a housing rib or projection  258  extending radially away from the recess wall  102 . In this embodiment, the housing rib or projection  258  extends radially outward to a bight section  260 , which is the most radially outward point of the projection  258 . The projection  258  forms a ceiling  262  to the seal holder recess  94 . At the base of the projection  258 , the housing extends along the recess wall  102  to the base surface  100 . The outwardly most point of projection  258  extends a distance X from the recess wall  102 . The radial length  108  (in  FIG.  7   ) and shown as Y is the distance from the recess wall  102  to the threaded section  106 . Advantages are achieved when the distance X is less than or equal to 80% of the distance Y. 
     Each of the embodiments of  FIGS.  14 - 16    include the advantages illustrated in  FIG.  10   , That is, the housing seal member  110  is held within the recess  94  and forms seal  172  with the filter head  22 . The housing seal member  110  has sealing compression region  114 , which is a portion of the housing sealing member  110  that receives the compressive force to form the seal  172  with the filter head  22 . The sealing compression region  114 , when viewed in cross-section, such as shown in  FIG.  10   , is defined by a compression region line  116 . The compression region line  116  is viewable in  FIG.  10    and in  FIG.  5   . A line  118  ( FIG.  10   ) perpendicular to the compression region line  116  passes through the joint  112  in the seal holder recess  94  and the seal member  110 . 
     In each of the embodiments of  FIGS.  14 - 16   , there is horizontal line  224  that is the tangent line along a portion of the seal member  110  that is oriented adjacent, or against, the base surface  100 . In these embodiments, this is also the line  224  passing through (or tangent to) a lowest point of the seal member  110 . There is line  226  that is the tangent line along the most radially inwardly portion of the seal member  110 . In many examples, the line  226  is about parallel to the recess wall  102 , but note that line  226  is not parallel to recess wall  102  in  FIG.  15   . An intersection between line  224  and line  226  forms joint  222 . The housing seal member  110  has a sealing compression region  114  (see  FIG.  10   ), and the sealing compression region  114  in cross-section is defined by compression region line  116  ( FIG.  10   ). Advantages result when the line  118  ( FIG.  10   ), which is perpendicular to the compression region line  116 , passes through the joint  222  and the housing seal member  110 . 
       FIGS.  17 - 19    illustrate the use of housing seal members  110  that do not have a round cross-sectional shape. These embodiments provide workable designs leading to advantage. Advantages for each of these embodiments include those that improve the prior art such as having the ability to mount the filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22  using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possible cross-threading. 
     In  FIG.  17   , the housing seal member  270  has a trapezoid-shaped cross-section with a straight top surface  272  (top surface being the one closest to the mouth  40 , when oriented with the mouth  40  in the uppermost location) being shorter than a straight bottom surface  274 . Sealing surface  276  is a straight surface angled downward and away from the top surface  272 , as the sealing surface  276  extends from the top surface  272  to the bottom surface  274 . The seal member  270  has a generally straight section  277  that is adjacent to the recess wall  102  and extends between the top surface  272  and bottom surface  274 . 
     In  FIG.  18   , the housing seal member  280  has a straight top surface  282  (top surface being the one closest to the mouth  40 , when oriented with the mouth  40  in the uppermost location) being shorter than a straight bottom surface  284 . Sealing surface  286  is angled downward and away from the top surface  282 , as the sealing surface extends from the top surface  282  to the bottom surface  284 . In this embodiment, the sealing surface  286  includes an outwardly radially projecting rib  288  extending therefrom. The seal member  280  has a pair of straight sections  287 ,  289  with a recess  285  therebetween that is adjacent to the recess wall  102  and extends between the top surface  282  and bottom surface  284   
     In  FIG.  19   , the housing seal member  290  has an X cross-sectional shape. The X shape includes portions  291 ,  293  that are oriented closest to or against the base surface  100 . The X shape includes portions  295 ,  297  against the recess wall  102 . 
     In each of the embodiments of  FIGS.  17 - 19   , there is horizontal line  224  that is the tangent line along a portion of the seal member  270 ,  280 ,  290  that is oriented adjacent, or against, the base surface  100 . By “tangent”, in the embodiments of  FIGS.  17  and  18   , the bottom surface  274 ,  284  is a straight surface, so the line  224  tangent to the cross sectional line showing the bottom surface  274 ,  284  is the line depicting the bottom surface  274 ,  284  itself. In the embodiment of  FIG.  19   , the “tangent” line  224  is a line that is tangent to each of portions  291 ,  293 . In these embodiments, this is also the line  224  passing through (or tangent to) a lowest point of the seal member  270 ,  280 ,  290 . 
     Also in  FIGS.  17 - 19   , there is line  226  that is the tangent line along the most radially inwardly portion of the seal member  270 ,  280 ,  290 . In many examples, the line  226  is about parallel to the recess wall  102 . By “tangent”, in  FIG.  17   , the section  277  adjacent to the recess wall  102  is a straight surface, so the line  226  tangent to the cross section line showing the section  277  is the line depicting the section  277  itself. In  FIG.  18   , the pair of sections  287 ,  289  adjacent to the recess wall  102  are straight, so the line  226  tangent to the cross sectional lines showing  287 ,  289  is depicting sections  287 ,  289  themselves. In  FIG.  19   , the tangent line  226  is a line that is tangent to each of portions  295 ,  297 . 
     An intersection between line  224  and line  226  forms joint  222 . The housing seal member  270 ,  280 ,  290  has a sealing compression region  114  (see  FIG.  10   ), and the sealing compression region  114  in cross-section is defined by compression region line  116  ( FIG.  10   ). Advantages result when the line  118  ( FIG.  10   ), which is perpendicular to the compression region line  116 , passes through the joint  222  and the housing seal member  110 . Advantages include lower torque requirements to connect filter cartridge  24  on the filter head  22 . 
     Methods 
     The arrangements as described in connection with  FIGS.  1 - 13    can be used in methods. One method is a method of installing filter cartridge  24  onto filter head  22 . The method includes providing filter head  22  having an inlet arrangement  192 , outlet arrangement  196 , and outer wall  156  surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior  158 . The outer wall  156  includes a rim  160  and threaded region  162  orientated toward the cartridge-receiving interior  158  adjacent the end rim  160 . 
     The method includes a step of providing the filter cartridge  24 . The filter cartridge  24  includes housing  28 , filter media construction  48  operably oriented in interior volume  38 , and sleeve  84 . The sleeve  84  surrounds and is against the housing  28 . The sleeve  84  includes a threaded section  106  and defines seal holder recess  94 . Seal member  110  is within the seal holder recess  94  and projects radially outwardly therefrom. 
     The method includes a step of threadably mating the threaded section  106  of the sleeve  84  with the threaded region  162  of the filter head  22  to compress the seal member  110  and form an operable seal  172  between the filter head  22  and the filter cartridge  24 . The seal  172  will be formed using a torque of less than 50% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. In some examples, this torque is no greater than 10 N-m. By “operable seal”, it is meant a seal that can withstand pressures of about 100 psi. 
     In preferred methods, the step of threadably mating will include forming the seal  172  using a torque less than 55% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     In preferred methods, the step of threadably mating will including forming the seal  172  using a torque of less than 6 N-m and no greater than 8.2 N-m. 
     The step of providing the filter head  22  includes providing the filter head outer wall  156  to have ramp  166 . The threaded region  162  will be between the ramp  166  and the end rim  160 . The step of threadably mating preferably includes compressing the ramp  166  against the seal member  110  to form the seal  172  between and against the ramp  166  and the sleeve  84 . 
     The step of providing the filter head  22  may include providing the filter head outer wall  156  to have the ramp  166  that in angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall  156  filter head  22 . 
     The method may further include a step of disconnecting the filter cartridge  24  and the filter head  22 . This step will be after the step of threadably mating. The step of disconnecting the filter cartridge  24  from the filter head  22  will use a torque of less than 10 N-m. 
     In preferred arrangements, the step of disconnecting the filter cartridge  24  and the filter head  22  will use a torque of less than 7 N-m. 
     In some preferred arrangements, after the step of threadably mating, the step of disconnecting the filter cartridge  24  and the filter head  22  will use a torque of less than 6.5 N-m and greater than 5 N-m. 
     The step of providing a filter cartridge can include providing a filter cartridge  24  as variously characterized above, with certain features selected for advantage, but not necessarily requiring all features. 
     The step of providing the filter head can include providing the filter head  22  as variously characterized above, with selective features for advantage, but not necessarily requiring all features. 
     Materials 
     For spin on filters, the usable materials for the filter housing  28  can include metals such as for example steel or aluminum. For bowl cartridge filters useable materials for the bowl can include plastics, metals, composites, or other materials capable of withstanding pressures typically experienced in filtration applications. Usable materials for the sleeve  84  can include plastic, metal, or other materials capable of withstanding the torque, pressures, and temperatures typically experienced in filtration applications. 
     GENERAL ASPECTS OF PRINCIPLES OF THIS DISCLOSURE 
     A filter cartridge comprises a housing; a filter media construction in the housing; and a sleeve on an outside of the housing; the sleeve being threaded and holding a housing seal member. 
     The housing has a surrounding wall defining an interior volume, an open mouth in communication with the interior volume and a bottom opposite of the mouth; the surrounding wall having an interior surface in communication with the interior volume and an opposite exterior surface. 
     The filter media construction is operably oriented in the interior volume of the housing. 
     The sleeve is oriented against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall of the housing; the sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion, the inner portion is oriented against the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. 
     The sleeve includes opposite first and second ends, the first end being adjacent the open mouth of the housing. 
     The sleeve has a seal holder recess along the exterior portion; and the housing seal member is operably held in the seal holder recess. 
     The sleeve has a seal holder recess with a radially extending base surface. 
     The sleeve has a seal holder recess with a recess wall. 
     The sleeve has a seal holder recess with a radially extending base surface and a recess wall; the base surface having a radial base length extending from the recess wall. 
     An outwardly radially projecting rib is adjacent to the first end of the sleeve forming a ceiling of the recess. 
     The rib is part of the sleeve. 
     The rib is part of the housing. 
     The rib is even with the first end of the sleeve. 
     The rib is spaced from the first end of the sleeve. 
     The sleeve includes a plurality of threads projecting radially outwardly from a threaded section of the exterior portion of the sleeve. 
     The sleeve includes a plurality of threads projecting radially outwardly from a threaded section of the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second end and the base surface, the threaded section having a radial length measured from the recess wall. 
     The radial length of the threaded section is greater than the radial base length. 
     The seal holder recess has a joint at an intersection between the base surface and the recess wall. 
     The housing seal member has a sealing compression region; the sealing compression region in cross-section being defined by a compression region line. 
     A line perpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint in the seal holder recess and the housing seal member. 
     The rib has a length less than 80% of the radial base length. 
     The outwardly radially projecting rib has a length less than 60% of the radial base length. 
     The outwardly radially projecting rib has a length less than 55% of the radial base length. 
     The rib extends radially away from the recess wall a distance less than the base surface extends away from the recess wall. 
     The base surface is located at least 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The base surface is located at least 7 mm and no greater than 11 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 10-50°. 
     The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 12-30°. 
     The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 13-17°. 
     The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.7-2 mm. 
     The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm. 
     The sleeve includes a radially extending stop member between the threaded section and the second end. 
     The stop member is located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm from an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member projects radially outwardly a distance greater than any other portion of the sleeve. 
     The filter media construction comprises a cylinder of pleated filter media secured between first and second end caps 
     A ring projects axially from the first end cap in a direction away from a remaining part of the filter media construction; and a first end cap seal member is held by the ring. 
     The first end cap seal member projects radially outwardly from the ring. 
     The filter media construction is fixed and non-removably mounted in the interior volume of the housing. 
     The housing bottom includes a drain valve. 
     The housing seal member projects radially outwardly farther than the rib. 
     The wall of the housing overlaps the first end of the sleeve. 
     The wall of the housing overlaps the projecting rib and is in extension along the exterior portion of the sleeve along the recess wall. 
     A filter head removably attached to the filter cartridge. 
     The filter head includes an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior; the outer wall having an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and a ramp; the ramp being angled in a direction toward the cartridge-receiving interior and positioned to engage the housing seal member to form a seal with the filter cartridge when the filter head and filter cartridge are operably attached to each other. 
     The threaded region is in between the ramp and the end rim. 
     An operable section of the ramp is angled between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     An operable section of the ramp is angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     An operable section of the ramp is angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     The filter head includes an inlet arrangement for conveying unfiltered fluid to the filter cartridge and an outlet arrangement for conveying filtered fluid from the filter cartridge. 
     A filter assembly includes a filter head having a ramp; a filter cartridge removably attached to the filter head; the filter cartridge having a seal member; and wherein the ramp on the filter head is compressed against the seal member to form a seal between the filter head and the filter cartridge. 
     The filter head includes an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior; the outer wall having an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim. 
     The filter cartridge includes a housing, a filter media construction operably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing. 
     The sleeve includes a threaded section mateably engaging the threaded region of the filter head, a seal holder recess, and the seal member being within the seal holder recess and projecting radially outwardly. 
     An operable section of the ramp is angled between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     An operable section of the ramp is angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     An operable section of the ramp is angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head 
     The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion, the inner portion being oriented against an exterior surface of the housing; the sleeve including opposite first and second ends, the first end being adjacent an open mouth of the housing; wherein, the seal holder recess is along the exterior portion, the recess being defined by an outwardly radially projecting rib adjacent to the first end forming a ceiling, a radially extending base surface opposite of the ceiling, and a recess wall extending axially between the ceiling and the base surface; the seal holder recess has a joint being defined at an intersection between a line tangent to a lowest point of the seal member, when the cartridge is oriented with the mouth as uppermost, and a line tangent to a most radially inward portion of the seal member; and the ramp compressing against the housing seal member in cross-section along a compression region line; a line perpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint in the seal holder recess and the housing seal member. 
     The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 10-50°. 
     The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 12-30°. 
     The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 13-17°. 
     The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.7-2 mm. 
     The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and the threaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm. 
     The sleeve includes a radially extending stop member between the threaded section and the second end. 
     The stop member is located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm from an axial rim defining a mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm from an axial rim defining a mouth of the housing. 
     The stop member projects radially outwardly a distance greater than any other portion of the sleeve. 
     The filter media construction comprises a cylinder of pleated filter media secured between first and second end caps 
     A ring projects axially from the first end cap in a direction away from a remaining part of the filter media construction; and a first end cap seal member is held by the ring. 
     The first end cap seal member projects radially outwardly from the ring. 
     The filter media construction is fixed and non-removably mounted in the interior volume of the housing. 
     The filter cartridge further includes a drain valve. 
     A method of installing a filter cartridge on a filter head, the method comprising providing a filter head; providing a filter cartridge with a sleeve and a seal member; threadably mating a threaded section of the sleeve with a threaded region of the filter head to compress the seal member and form a seal between the filter head and the filter cartridge, the seal being formed using a torque less than 50% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     The step of providing a filter head includes providing a head having an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior; the outer wall having an end rim, and a threaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim. 
     The step of providing a filter cartridge includes providing a housing, a filter media construction operably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing; the sleeve having a threaded section; the sleeve defining a seal holder recess; the seal member being within the seal holder recess and projecting radially outwardly. 
     The step of threadably mating includes forming the seal using a torque less than 55% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     The step of threadably mating includes forming the seal using a torque of no greater than 10 N-m. 
     The step of providing a filter head includes providing the filter head outer wall to having a ramp, the threaded region being between the ramp and the end rim; and the step of threadably mating includes compressing the ramp against the seal member to form the seal between and against the ramp and the sleeve. 
     The step of providing a filter head includes providing the filter head outer wall to having the ramp that is angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head. 
     After the step of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque of less than 50% needed to disconnect using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     After the step of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque of less than 65% needed to disconnect using a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. 
     After the step of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque of less than 7 N-m. 
     The above represents example principles. Many embodiments can be made using these principles.