Patent Publication Number: US-2023145149-A1

Title: Dynamic coding for wireless systems

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     The present Application is a 371 national stage filing of International PCT Application No. PCT/CN2020/101362 by LIU et al. entitled “DYNAMIC CODING FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS,” filed Jul. 10, 2020, which is assigned to the assignee hereof, and which is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     The following relates generally to wireless communications and more specifically to dynamic coding for wireless systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE). 
     Some wireless communications systems may support broadcast services (e.g., a multicast broadcast service (MBS)) where a transmitting device (e.g., a network node, base station, etc.) broadcasts one or more encoded packets to one or more receiving devices (e.g., UEs). In some cases, the transmitting device may broadcast the encoded packets without receiving an indication that the encoded packets have been successfully or unsuccessfully decoded by the receiving devices. Accordingly, the transmitting device may broadcast a full set of encoded packets regardless of how many packets a receiving device successfully decodes, which may lead to an inefficient use of network resources. 
     SUMMARY 
     The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support dynamic coding for wireless systems. Generally, the described techniques provide for dynamically mapping encoded packets onto resources associated with a broadcast or multicast channel associated with a given service (e.g., multicast broadcast service (MBS)). Some examples may include a base station identifying encoded packets or encoding a set of source packets and mapping a first subset of the encoded packets onto a first set of resources and a second subset of encoded packets onto a second set of resources. In some examples, the base station may map the first and second subset of encoded packets using different coding rates, which may be associated with different channel conditions. In some examples, the base station may schedule one or more resources from the second set of resources for receiving feedback from one or more user equipments (UEs) subscribed to the service. In some examples, the base station may identify a second set of encoded packets from a second set of source packets. The base station may map a first subset of the second set of encoded packets onto one or more resources from the second set of resources and may map a second subset of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources. Dynamically mapping encoded packets onto resources may allow a wireless communications system to improve reliability of communications services. 
     A method of wireless communications at a base station is described. The method may include identifying a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters, mapping a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate, mapping a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate, and transmitting the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters, map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate, map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate, and transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     Another apparatus for wireless communications at a base station is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters, mapping a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate, mapping a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate, and transmitting the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a base station is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters, map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate, map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate, and transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for mapping the first subset of the set of encoded packets to a first set of symbols of a first slot period, and mapping the second subset of the set of encoded packets to a second set of symbols of a second slot period subsequent to the first slot period in time. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a threshold number of encoded packets, where the first subset of the set of encoded packets corresponds to a first number of encoded packets below the threshold number of encoded packets and the second subset of the set of encoded packets corresponds to a second number of encoded packets above the threshold number of encoded packets. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a channel quality of the multicast service channel, the channel quality corresponding to at least one UE supported by the base station, and determining the threshold number of encoded packets based on the channel quality. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a number of UEs capable of decoding the set of encoded packets based on the channel quality, where the threshold number of encoded packets may be determined based on the number of UEs capable of decoding the set of encoded packets. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the threshold number of encoded packets may be determined based on a capability of a threshold percentage of a set of user equipments (UEs) associated with the multicast service channel to recover the set of source packets from the transmitted first and second subsets. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for scheduling at least one feedback channel for a set of user equipments (UEs) associated with the multicast service channel in one or more resources of the second set of resources, and monitoring for feedback information from the set of UEs via the one or more resources. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring for the feedback information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from at least one UE of the set of UEs, a negative acknowledgement message associated with the first subset of the set of encoded packets. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the at least one UE of the set of UEs, the second subset of the set of encoded packets based on the negative acknowledgement message. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining an absence of feedback information from any UE of the set of UEs the set of UEs based on the monitoring, and transmitting, to the set of UEs, a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets based on determining the absence of feedback information. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring for the feedback information may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from at least one UE of the set of UEs, an indication of a difference between a number of encoded packets for decoding the set of source packets and a number of the first subset of the set of encoded packets received by the at least one UE. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining to cease transmission of encoded packets corresponding to the set of encoded packets based on the difference and a number of negative acknowledgement messages received from the set of UEs, and transmitting, to the set of UEs, a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets based on determining to cease transmission. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets encoded based on a second set of network coding parameters, mapping a first portion of the second set of encoded packets onto one or more resources, and transmitting the first portion of the second set of encoded packets using the one or more resources. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first and second subsets of the set of encoded packets may be transmitted to a first group of user equipments (UEs), and the first portion of the second set of encoded packets may be transmitted to a second group of UEs different than the first group of UEs, the second group of UEs associated with a higher channel quality than the first group of UEs. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first portion of the second set of encoded packets may be transmitted on a frequency band different from the first and second subsets, and the one or more resources at least partially overlap in time with the second set of resources. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first portion of the second set of encoded packets may be associated with a service different from the multicast service channel. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for mapping a second portion of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources, and transmitting the second portion of the second set of encoded packets using the third set of resources. 
     Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a threshold number of packets associated with the first and second sets of resources, and determining the third set of resources based on the threshold number of packets. 
     In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of network coding parameters corresponds to a fountain code. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a resource allocation scheme that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a resource allocation scheme that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates an example of a resource allocation scheme that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an example of a process flow that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an example of a process flow that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates an example of a process flow that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  9  and  10    show block diagrams of devices that support dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  13  through  16    show flowcharts illustrating methods that support dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Some wireless communications systems may support broadcast services (e.g., a multicast broadcast service (MBS)) where a transmitting device (e.g., a network node, base station, etc.) broadcasts one or more packets to one or more receiving devices (e.g., user equipments (UEs)). In some cases, the one or more packets may be encoded from a set of source packets using a rateless code (a fountain code, a Luby transform (LT) code, a Raptor code, etc.). Rateless codes may not have an intrinsic code rate and so may be used to generate encoded packets indefinitely from a set of source packets. A receiving device may recover the set of source packets from a set of encoded packets if an amount of encoded packets received is greater than the amount of source packets. 
     In some cases, the transmitting device may broadcast the encoded packets without receiving an indication that the encoded packets have been successfully (or unsuccessfully) decoded by the receiving devices. Accordingly, the transmitting device may broadcast a full set or default number of encoded packets regardless of how many packets a receiving device successfully decodes. Thus, each receiving device may decode the transmission and obtain different numbers of successfully received packets such that a receiving device experiencing a high channel quality may successfully decode the transmission before a receiving device having a low channel quality, which may attempt to decode more encoded packets of the transmission to successfully decode and obtain the source packets. However, broadcast services may not support the use of precoding techniques and as such, the efficiency of the transmission at each receiving device may be reduced. Additionally or alternatively, decoding for rateless codes may stall due to missing or corrupt packets which may lead to an increase in an amount of encoded packets for a successful recovery of the set of source packets. Accordingly, it may be beneficial to dynamically map encoded packets onto resources such that a threshold percentage (e.g., a majority) of UEs associated with a broadcast service may successfully decode broadcast packets. 
     Some techniques for dynamically mapping encoded packets may include a base station identifying a set of encoded packets associated with an MBS service. In some examples, identifying the set of encoded packets may include encoding a set of source packets using a set of network coding parameters (e.g., using a rateless code). The base station may map the set of encoded packets onto channel resources for transmission. In some examples, the base station may map, to a first set of resources, a first subset of the set of encoded packets including a number of packets below a threshold number or associated with a coding rate below a threshold coding rate. In some implementations, the base station may determine a channel quality associated with one or more UEs subscribed to the MBS service. The base station may determine the threshold based on the channel quality such that a number of the UEs (e.g., a threshold percentage, such as 50%, 70%, 90%, 100%, or a threshold number of UEs) may be able to successfully decode the transmission using the first subset of encoded packets. The base station may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources. In some implementations, the first and second subsets of the set of encoded packets may include the entire set of encoded packets. In some examples, the base station may map the first subset of encoded packets using a first coding rate and the second subset of encoded packets using a second, lower coding rate. In some implementations, the set of resources may include symbols, slots, multiple slots, or any combination thereof. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the base station may schedule one or more resources of the second set of resources for receiving feedback from the UEs. Accordingly, the base station may receive feedback from the UEs using the resources of the second set of resources. In some examples, the base station may receive a negative acknowledgement (NACK) from one or more of the UEs indicating that the transmission was not decoded successfully. In such examples, the base station may continue to transmit encoded packets until the base station receives a positive acknowledgement (ACK) from the UEs for the transmission, which in some cases may correspond to a base station receiving no feedback information at all. In some implementations, the base station may receive, with the NACK message, an indication of a number of additional encoded packets with which the UE may decode the transmission. For instance, if a base station transmits Mnumber of packets, the UE may successfully receive Nnumber of packets, and the UE may report M-N packets indicating to the base station that M-N additional packets are requested for transmission for successful decoding by the UE. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the base station may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a second set of source packets. The base station may map a portion of the second set of encoded packets onto one or more resources of the second set of resources. In some examples, the base station may interleave the portion of the second set of encoded packets with the second subset of the first set of encoded packets, such that resources of the second set of encoded packets alternate with resources of the first set of encoded packets. In some examples, the base station may map the portion of the second set of encoded packets based on a first threshold which may correspond to the threshold coding rate or number of UEs described above. The base station may map a second portion of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources based on a second threshold. In some examples, the base station may determine the second threshold based on an estimation that a majority of the UEs subscribed to the MBS service would be able to decode the first set of encoded packets successfully. 
     Particular aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The techniques employed by the described wireless communications systems may provide benefits and enhancements to the operation of the wireless communications system. For example, the described techniques may include features improving a reliability of communications by dynamically mapping encoded packets onto resources based on channel quality indicators measured at a base station. The described techniques include additional features for improving resource use, power consumption, and battery life, data rate, among other benefits. 
     Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further described in the context of resource allocation schemes and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to dynamic coding for wireless systems. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  100  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system  100  may include one or more base stations  105 , one or more UEs  115 , and a core network  130 . In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof 
     The base stations  105  may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system  100  and may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. The base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links  125 . Each base station  105  may provide a coverage area  110  over which the UEs  115  and the base station  105  may establish one or more communication links  125 . The coverage area  110  may be an example of a geographic area over which a base station  105  and a UE  115  may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies. 
     The UEs  115  may be dispersed throughout a coverage area  110  of the wireless communications system  100 , and each UE  115  may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs  115  may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs  115  are illustrated in  FIG.  1   . The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115 , the base stations  105 , or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The base stations  105  may communicate with the core network  130 , or with one another, or both. For example, the base stations  105  may interface with the core network  130  through one or more backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface). The base stations  105  may communicate with one another over the backhaul links  120  (e.g., via an X2,Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations  105 ), or indirectly (e.g., via core network  130 ), or both. In some examples, the backhaul links  120  may be or include one or more wireless links. 
     One or more of the base stations  105  described herein may include or may be referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology. 
     A UE  115  may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE  115  may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE  115  may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples. 
     The UEs  115  described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs  115  that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations  105  and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links  125  over one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links  125 . For example, a carrier used for a communication link  125  may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system  100  may support communication with a UE  115  using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE  115  may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. 
     In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)) and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs  115 . A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode where initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs  115  via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode where a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology). 
     The communication links  125  shown in the wireless communications system  100  may include uplink transmissions from a UE  115  to a base station  105 , or downlink transmissions from a base station  105  to a UE  115 . Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode). 
     A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system  100 . For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of determined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system  100  (e.g., the base stations  105 , the UEs  115 , or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications over a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may include base stations  105  or UEs  115  that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE  115  may be configured for operating over portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth. 
     Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Thus, the more resource elements that a UE  115  receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE  115 . A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE  115 . 
     One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE  115  may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE  115  may be restricted to one or more active BWPs. 
     The time intervals for the base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T S =1/(Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max  may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f  may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023). 
     Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wireless communications systems  100 , a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N f ) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation. 
     A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system  100  and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system  100  may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)). 
     Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs  115 . For example, one or more of the UEs  115  may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs  115  and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE  115 . 
     Each base station  105  may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station  105  (e.g., over a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area  110  or a portion of a geographic coverage area  110  (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the base station  105 . For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with geographic coverage areas  110 , among other examples. 
     A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs  115  with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station  105 , as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs  115  with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs  115  having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs  115  in a closed subscriber group (CSG), the UEs  115  associated with users in a home or office). A base station  105  may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications over the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers. 
     In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices. 
     In some examples, a base station  105  may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area  110 . In some examples, different geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas  110  may be supported by the same base station  105 . In other examples, the overlapping geographic coverage areas  110  associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations  105 . The wireless communications system  100  may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the base stations  105  provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas  110  using the same or different radio access technologies. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations  105  may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations  105  may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations  105  may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations  105  may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations. 
     Some UEs  115 , such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station  105  without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that makes use of the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs  115  may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging. 
     Some UEs  115  may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously). In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs  115  include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs  115  may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) or mission critical communications. The UEs  115  may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions). Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more mission critical services such as mission critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission critical video (MCVideo), or mission critical data (MCData). Support for mission critical functions may include prioritization of services, and mission critical services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein. 
     In some examples, a UE  115  may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs  115  over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link  135  (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs  115  utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105 . Other UEs  115  in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area  110  of a base station  105  or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station  105 . In some examples, groups of the UEs  115  communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE  115  transmits to every other UE  115  in the group. In some examples, a base station  105  facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs  115  without the involvement of a base station  105 . 
     In some systems, the D2D communication link  135  may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs  115 ). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations  105 ) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both. 
     The core network  130  may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network  130  may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs  115  served by the base stations  105  associated with the core network  130 . User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the network operators IP services  150 . The IP services  150  may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service. 
     Some of the network devices, such as a base station  105 , may include subcomponents such as an access network entity  140 , which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity  140  may communicate with the UEs  115  through one or more other access network transmission entities  145 , which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs). Each access network transmission entity  145  may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity  140  or base station  105  may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station  105 ). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs  115  located indoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs  115  and the base stations  105 , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body. 
     The wireless communications system  100  may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system  100  may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, devices such as the base stations  105  and the UEs  115  may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples. 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station  105  or a UE  115  may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station  105  may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station  105  may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station  105  may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE  115 . Likewise, a UE  115  may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port. 
     The base stations  105  or the UEs  115  may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices. 
     Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation). 
     A base station  105  or a UE  115  may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station  105  may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE  115 . Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station  105  multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station  105  may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station  105 , or by a receiving device, such as a UE  115 ) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station  105 . 
     Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station  105  in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE  115 ). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE  115  may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station  105  in different directions and may report to the base station  105  an indication of the signal that the UE  115  received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. 
     In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station  105  or a UE  115 ) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station  105  to a UE  115 ). The UE  115  may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station  105  may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE  115  may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station  105 , a UE  115  may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE  115 ) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device). 
     A receiving device (e.g., a UE  115 ) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station  105 , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions). 
     The wireless communications system  100  may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE  115  and a base station  105  or a core network  130  supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels. 
     The UEs  115  and the base stations  105  may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link  125 . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval. 
     In some examples, the wireless communications system  100  may support MBS communications services where a transmitting device (e.g., a base station  105 , a UE  115 , an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network node, an IAB relay node, etc.) transmits encoded packets to one or more UEs  115 . In some implementations, a transmitting device may encode the packets from a set of source packets using a rateless code (e.g., a fountain code, an LT code, a Raptor code, etc.). Rateless codes may not have an intrinsic coding rate and so may be used to generate encoded packets indefinitely from a set of source packets. A receiving device (e.g., a UE  115 ), may recover the source packets if an amount of encoded packets the receiving device receives is greater than an amount of source packets. If multiple UEs  115  subscribe to a broadcast service, each UE  115  may receive and decode a different number of encoded packets due to, for example, differences in channel quality between the UEs  115 . Accordingly, UEs  115  experiencing a high channel quality may recover the source packets before UEs  115  experiencing a low channel quality. However, in some cases, a base station  105  may be operating using a radio link control (RLC) unacknowledged mode (RLC-UM) where the base station  105  does not receive feedback from the UEs  115  indicating whether the UEs  115  successfully or unsuccessfully recovered the source packets. Accordingly, the base station  105  may transmit a full set of encoded packets regardless of how many packets a UE  115  successfully decodes. 
     To improve reliability of communications or to adjust the number of encoded packets a base station  105  transmits, a base station  105  may dynamically map encoded packets onto resources associated with the broadcast channel. For example, the base station  105  may map a first subset of encoded packets onto a first set of resources using a first coding rate and a second subset of encoded packets onto a second set of resources using a second, lower coding rate. Accordingly, a UE  115  that experiences a high channel quality may recover the source packets using the first subset of encoded packets while a UE  115  that experiences a low channel quality may use the first and second subsets of encoded packets to recover the source packets. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may schedule resources for feedback messages such that a UE  115  may report an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) or a number of additional packets with which a UE  115  may recover the source packets. Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105  may interleave resources of the first set of encoded packets with resources associated with a second set of encoded packets such that UEs  115  experiencing a high channel quality may begin to recover a second of source packets while UEs  115  experiencing a low channel quality continue to recover the first set of source packets. Dynamically mapping encoded packets onto resources associated with a broadcast channel may allow a wireless communications system  100  to improve reliability of communications services and use resources efficiently. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example of a wireless communications system  200  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system  200  may implement one or more aspects of a wireless communications system  100 . The wireless communications system  200  may include a UE  115 - a,  a UE  115 - b,  and a UE  115 - c  which may be examples of a UE  115  as described with reference to  FIG.  1   . The wireless communications system  200  may also include a base station  105 - a  which may be an example of a base station  105  as described with reference to  FIG.  1   . The base station  105 - a  may be associated with a cell which provides wireless communications service with a coverage area  110 - a.    
     The wireless communications system  200  may support network coding techniques. For example, a transmitting device  205  may encode a set of K source packets  220  using one or more network coding techniques. For examples, the transmitting device  205  may encode the K source packets  220  using a rateless code (e.g., a fountain code, an LT code, a Raptor code, etc.). Encoding the K source packets  220  may yield a set of N encoded packets  225 , which the transmitting device  205  may transmit to one or more receiving devices  215  (e.g., UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c ). A receiving device may receive a set of L encoded packets  230 . In some examples, L may be less than or equal to N based on, for example, channel conditions experienced by the receiving device  215 . If the L is greater than K, that is, if the set of L encoded packets  230  is larger than the set of K source packets  220 , the receiving device  215  may successfully recover the set of source packets  220 . 
     In some examples, the wireless communications system  200  may support MBS communications services where the base station  105 - a,  which may be an example of a transmitting device  205 , transmits encoded packets to the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  which may be examples of receiving devices  215 . In some examples, the base station  105 - a  may operate in RLC-UM, where the base station  105 - a  transmits encoded packets without receiving feedback from the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  or  115 - c  indicating whether the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  or  115 - c  successfully recovered the source packets. Accordingly, the base station  105 - a  may transmit a full set of encoded packets. The UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  may recover the source packets using different numbers of encoded packets based on channel conditions experienced by each UE  115 . That is, each of the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  may successfully decode the source packets if the number of successfully received packets is greater than the number of source packets (K), but may unsuccessfully decode the source packets if the number of successfully received packets is less than the number of source packets (K). In such cases, depending on channel conditions and decoding success, some UEs  115  may successfully decode the transmitted packets, and others may not. 
     To improve reliability of communications, the base station  105 - a  may dynamically map encoded packets onto channel resources. For example, the base station  105 - a  may map a first subset of encoded packets onto a first set of resources  235  and a second subset of encoded packets onto a second set of resources  240  associated with a broadcast channel (e.g., a physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). The base station  105 - a  may map the first set of resources  235  using a first coding rate and the second set of resources  240  using a second, lower coding rate. In some implementations, the second coding rate may be half of the first coding rate. Accordingly, the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  may receive some or all of the encoded packets mapped onto the sets of resources  235  and  240 . For example, the UE  115 - a  may receive the first subset of encoded packets on the first set of resources  235  and recover the source packets. In some examples, the UE  115 - a  may receive transmissions associated with a different service using a third set of resources  245 . For example, the UE  115 - a  may monitor a third set of resources  245  which may occur during a same period as the second set of resources  240  but may use a different frequency band. The UE  115 - a  may receive a second set of encoded packets (which may be associated with a second set of source packets different from the first set of source packets) using the third set of resources  245 . Accordingly, the UE  115 - a  may experience a high data rate by receiving the second set of encoded packets and obtaining the second set of source packets different from the first set of source packets. The UE  115 - b  may receive the first subset of encoded packets using the first set of resources  235  and may fail to recover the source packets. Accordingly, the UE  115 - b  may receive the second subset of encoded packets using the second set of resources  240  and may successfully recover the source packets. Accordingly, the UE  115 - b  may experience a high reliability associated with the communications service. The number of encoded packets received and decoded by the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  may be based on channel conditions experienced by each of the UEs  115 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105 - a  may schedule resources for receiving feedback on the second set of resources  240 . The base station  105 - a  may receive feedback from any of UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  or  115 - c  that failed to successfully recover the source packets using the first subset of encoded packets transmitted on the first set of resources  235 . For example, the UE  115 - c  may fail to successfully recover the source packets using the first subset of encoded packets received using the first set of resources  235 . Accordingly, the UE  115 - c  may transmit a feedback message to the base station  105 - a  using one or more resources from the second set of resources  240 . In some examples, the UE  115 - c  may transmit a NACK message to the base station  105 - a  indicating that the UE  115 - c  failed to recover the source packets. The UE  115 - c  may also transmit, to the base station  105 - a,  an indication of a number of additional packets with which the UE  115 - c  may recover the source packets. Based on the feedback transmitted from the UE  115 - c,  the base station  105 - a  may determine whether to transmit additional encoded packets using a third set of resources  245 , or to transmit a new set of encoded packets corresponding to a new set of source packets. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the base station  105 - a  may identify a second set of encoded packets associated with a second set of source packets. The base station  105 - a  may map a first subset of the second set of encoded packets onto one or more resources associated with the second set of resources  235 . For example, the base station  105 - a  may interleave packets from the second set of encoded packets with packets from the first set of encoded resources such that resources associated with the first set of encoded packets alternate with resources associated with the second set of encoded packets. The base station  105 - a  may also map a second subset of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources  245 . Accordingly, the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  may receive encoded packets based on whether the UEs  115 - a,    115 - b,  and  115 - c  have recovered the first set of source packets, the second set of source packets, or both. For example, the UE  115 - a  may receive the encoded packets on the first set of resources  235  and may successfully recover the associated source packets. The UE  115 - a  may receive the encoded packets associated with the second set of encoded packets using the second set of resources  240  such that the UE  115 - a  may begin to recover the second set of source packets. Similarly, the UE  115 - b  may receive the encoded packets from the first set of encoded packets on the first set of resources  235  and may fail to recover the first set of source packets. Accordingly, the UE  115 - b  may receive encoded packets from the first set of encoded packets using the second set of resources  240  and may recover the first set of source packets. The UE  115 - b  may receive the encoded packets from the second set of encoded packets on the third set of resources  245  and may being to recover the second set of source packets. The UE  115 - c  may exhibit behavior similar to that of the UEs  115 - a  and  115 - b  based on channel conditions. Dynamically mapping encoded packets onto resources associated with a broadcast channel may allow the wireless communications system  200  to improve reliability of communications services and use resources efficiently. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an example of a resource allocation scheme  300  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the resource allocation scheme  300  may implement aspects of a wireless communications systems  100  or  200  as described with reference to  FIGS.  1  and  2   . In some examples, the resource allocation scheme  300  may be implemented by a base station  105 , one or more UEs  115 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIG.  1   . The resource allocation scheme  300  may be an example of a resource allocation scheme used by a base station  105  to dynamically map encoded packets for broadcast transmission. 
     A base station  105  may map a first subset of encode packets Pi to Ps onto a first set of resources  305 . For example, a base station  105  may map a packet Pi onto a resource  305 - a,  a packet P 2  onto a resource  305 - b,  a packet P 3  onto a resource  305 - c  and so on until a packet Ps is mapped onto a resource  305 - d.  In some examples, the base station  105  may map the encoded packets onto the first set of resources  305  using a first coding rate. The number of packets S may correspond to a threshold  315  where the threshold  315  is determined based on channel conditions associated with one or more UEs  115 . 
     The base station  105  may map a second subset of encoded packets P S+1  to P N  onto a second set of resources  310  using a second, lower coding rate. For example, the base station  105  may map a packet P S+1  onto resources  310 - a  and  310 - b,  a packet P S+2  onto resources  310 - c  and  310 - d  and so on until a packet PN is mapped onto resources  310 - e  and  310 - f    
     Accordingly, a UE  115  may receive the first subset of packets, the second subset of packets, or both to recover a set of source packets associated with the encoded packets. In some examples, a number of encoded packets used by the UE  115  to recover the source packets may be based on channel conditions experienced by the UE. In some implementations, resources  305  and  310  may be examples of symbols, slots, frames, or any combination thereof 
     In some examples, packets P 1  through P N  may be associated with a first service (e.g., Service A), which may be an MBS service to which a set of UEs are subscribed. UEs  115  that have successfully decoded packets P 1  through P S  to obtain the set of source packets (e.g., UEs  115  having a relatively good channel quality, such as a channel quality above a threshold) may monitor for a second service (e.g., Service B) during the time in which the base station transmits the second set of resources  310 . For instance, the UEs  115  may monitor a third set of resources  315 , which may be associated with a different MBS service or non-MBS service, or a different carrier or subcarrier, to decode a second set of source packets associated with data different than the source packets associated with packets P 1  through P N . 
     In some implementations the UEs  115  may monitor the third set of resources  315  during a same time period as the second set of resources  310  but over a different frequency band, which may be indicated by the base station  105 . That is, one or more UEs  115  may monitor the third set of resources  315  to decode encoded packets P M  through P X , which may correspond to a new set of source packets during a time duration that at least partially overlaps the second set of resources  310 . This may allow for UEs  115  with higher channel quality to have higher throughput by receiving source packets associated with Services A and B, while allowing UEs  115  with lower channel quality additional resources for successfully decoding the source packets associated with Service A. In some examples, a UE  115  may fail to decode the source packets associated with Service A using encoded packets P 1  through P S , but may successfully decode the source packets associated with Service A using a subset of the encoded packets P S+1  through P N . Accordingly, after successfully decoding the source packets associated with Service A, the UE  115  may monitor for one or more of encoded packets P M  through P X  using the different frequency band in an attempt to decode source packets associated with a second set of source packets (e.g., Service B source packets), which may allow the UE  115  to experience a higher data throughput. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an example of a resource allocation scheme  400  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the resource allocation scheme  400  may implement aspects of a wireless communications systems  100  or  200 , a resource allocation  300 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 3   . In some examples, the resource allocation scheme  400  may be implemented by a base station  105 , one or more UEs  115 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIG.  1   . The resource allocation scheme  400  may be an example of a resource allocation schemed used by a base station  105  to dynamically map encoded packets for broadcast transmission. 
     The base station  105  may map a first subset of encode packets P 1  to P S  onto a first set of resources  405 . For example, the base station  105  may map a packet P 1  onto a resource  405 - a,  a packet P 2  onto a resource  405 - b,  a packet P 3  onto a resource  405 - c  and so on until a packet P S  is mapped onto a resource  405 - d.  The number of packets S may correspond to a threshold  415  where the threshold  415  is determined based on channel conditions associated with one or more UEs  115 . 
     The base station  105  may map a second subset of encoded packets P S+1  to PN onto a second set of resources  410 . For example, the base station  105  may map a packet P S+1  onto a resource  410 - b,  a packet P S+2  onto a resource  410 - c,  a packet P S+2  onto a resource  410 - d,  and so on until a packet P N  is mapped onto a resource  410 - f.  The base station  105  may schedule feedback  420  onto one or more resources from the second set of resources. For example, the base station  105  may schedule feedback  420 - a  onto the resource  410 - a  and feedback  420 - b  onto the resource  410 - e.    
     Accordingly, a UE  115  may receive the first subset of packets, the second subset of packets, or both to recover a set of source packets associated with the encoded packets. The UE  115  may indicate feedback information to the base station  105  including ACK/NACK messages, an indication of a number of additional packets, or any combination thereof. The base station  105  may receive feedback information such as a NACK message from one or more UEs and may determine to transmit packets using the second set of resources until feedback  420 - b.  In some cases, the base station  105  may not receive any feedback messages, and may determine that all UEs  115  have successfully recovered the set of source packets using packets P 1  through P S , and may refrain from transmitting packets P S+1  through PN using the second set of resources  410 . In such cases, the base station  105  may transmit packets associated with a different set of source packets different from the set of source packets associated with packets P 1  through P S . In examples where the base station  105  receives an indication of the number of packets received by one or more UEs  115  or a difference between the number of packets for successful decoding by a UE  115  and a number of packets decoded by the UE  115 , the base station  105  may determine whether to transmit using the second set of resources  410  or refrain from transmitting. For instance, if the difference between the number of packets for successful decoding by a UE  115  and a number of packets decoded by the UE  115  is above a threshold difference, or the number of UEs  115  transmitting NACK is below a threshold number, the base station  105  may refrain from transmitting packets using the second set of resources  410 . Alternatively, if the difference between the number of packets for successful decoding by a UE  115  and a number of packets decoded by the UE  115  is below a threshold difference, or the number of UEs  115  transmitting NACK is above a threshold number, the base station  105  may transmit packets using the second set of resources  410 . 
     In some examples, a number of encoded packets used by the UE  115  to recover the source packets may be based on channel conditions experienced by the UE. In some implementations, resources  405  and  410  may be examples of symbols, slots, frames, or any combination thereof 
       FIG.  5    illustrates an example of a resource allocation scheme  500  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the resource allocation scheme  500  may implement aspects of a wireless communications system  100  or  200 , a resource allocation schemes  300  or  400 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 4   . In some examples, the resource allocation scheme  500  may be implemented by a base station  105 , one or more UEs  115 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIG.  1   . The resource allocation scheme  500  may be an example of a resource allocation schemed used by a base station  105  to dynamically map encoded packets for broadcast transmission. 
     The base station may map a first subset of a first set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources  505 . For example, the base station may map packets X from the first set of encoded packets onto the resources  505 - a,    505 - b,    505 - c,  and  505 - d.  In some examples, a number of encoded packets may correspond to a first threshold  520 - a  determined based on channel conditions associated with one or more UEs  115 . 
     The base station may map a second subset of the first set of encoded packets and a first subset of a second set of encoded packets onto a second set of resource  510 . For example, the base station may map a packet X from the first set of encoded packets onto the resource  510 - a,  a packet X+1 from the second set of encoded packets onto the resource  510 - b,  a packet X from the first set of encoded packets onto the resource  510 - c,  and a packet X+1 from the second set of encoded packets onto the resource  510 - d.  In some examples, a number of packets associated with the second set of resources  510  may correspond to a second threshold  520 - b.    
     The base station may map a second subset of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources  515 . For example, the base station  105  may map a set of packets X+1 onto resources  515 - a,    515 - b,    515 - c,  and  515 - b.    
     Accordingly, a UE  115  may receive the first subset of packets, the second subset of packets, or both to recover a set of source packets associated with the encoded packets. The UE  115  may receive the second set of encoded packets using the second or third sets of resources to recover a second set of source packets. In some examples, a number of encoded packets used by the UE  115  to recover the source packets may be based on channel conditions experienced by the UE. In some implementations, resources  405  and  410  may be examples of symbols, slots, frames, or any combination thereof. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an example of a process flow  600  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow  600  may implement aspects of a wireless communications system  100  or  200 , resource allocation schemes  300 ,  400  or  500 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 5   . The process flow  600  may include a UE  115 - d,  a UE  115 - e,  and a base station  105 - b  which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented where some processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some implementations, processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added. 
     At  605 , the base station  105 - b  may identify a set of encoded packets. In some examples, the encoded packets may be encoded using a set of network coding parameters. For example, the base station  105 - b  may encode a set of source packets using a rateless code (e.g., a fountain code, an LT code, a Raptor code, etc.). 
     At  610 , the base station  105 - b  may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources. In some example, the first subset of encoded packets may have a number of packets which corresponds to a threshold determined by the base station  105 - b.  In some examples, the base station  105 - b  may determine the threshold based on channel conditions associated with the UE  115 - d  and the UE  115 - e.  In some implementations, the base station  105 - b  may determine the threshold based on an estimation that a majority of UEs  115  subscribed to the broadcast service will be able to recover the source packets. The base station  105 - b  may map the first subset of encoded packets using a first coding rate. 
     At  615 , the base station  105 - b  may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources. In some examples, the second subset of encoded packets may include all packets of the set of encoded packets which were not included in the first subset. The base station  105 - b  may map the second subset of encoded packets using a second coding rate where the second coding rate is lower than the first coding rate. For example, the base station  105 - b  may use twice as many resources for each packet of the second subset of packets as used for the first subset of packets. 
     At  620 , the base station  105 - b  may transmit the encoded packets in a multicast transmission to the UE  115 - d  and the UE  115 - e.  Accordingly, the UE  115 - d  and the UE  115 - e  may attempt to recover the source packets using one or more of the transmitted encoded packets. In some examples, if the UE  115 - e  successfully recovers the source packets using the first subset of packets, the UE  115 - e  may use the second set of resources to receive new data or transmissions associated with a different broadcast service. 
     Implementing various aspects of the process flow  600  may allow the base station  105 - b  to dynamically map encoded packets onto channel resources, thereby improving reliability and efficiency of broadcast services. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an example of a process flow  700  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow  700  may implement aspects of a wireless communications system  100  or  200 , resource allocation schemes  300 ,  400  or  500 , a process flow  600 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 6   . The process flow  700  may include a UE  115 - f,  a UE  115 - g,  and a base station  105 - c  which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented where some processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some implementations, processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added. 
     At  705 , the base station  105 - c  may identify a set of encoded packets. In some examples, the encoded packets may be encoded using a set of network coding parameters. For example, the base station  105 - c  may encode a set of source packets using a rateless code (e.g., a fountain code, an LT code, a Raptor code, etc.). 
     At  710 , the base station  105 - c  may map the set of encoded packets onto channel resources. The base station  105 - c  may map a first subset of the encoded packets onto a first set of resources and a second subset of the encoded packets onto a second set of resources. In some examples, a number of packets mapped to the first and second sets of resources may correspond to a threshold determined by the base station  105 - c.  In some examples, the base station  105 - c  may determine the threshold based on channel conditions associated with the UE  115 - d  and the UE  115 - e.  In some implementations, the base station  105 - c  may determine the threshold based on an estimation that a majority of UEs  115  subscribed to the broadcast service will be able to recover the source packets. 
     At  715 , the base station  105 - c  may schedule one or more resources from the second set of resources for receiving feedback from the UEs  115 - f  and  115 - g.    
     At  720 , the base station  105 - c  may transmit the encoded packets in a multicast message to the UEs  115 - f  and  115 - g  using the first and second sets of resources. 
     At  725  and  730 , the UEs  115 - f  and  115 - g  may transmit feedback messages to the base station  105 - c.  In some examples, the feedback messages may include an ACK or NACK message for the transmitted packets. The feedback messages may also include an indication of a number of encoded packets with which the UE  115  would be able to recover the source packets. For example, if the UE  115 - g  failed to recover the source packets using the first and second subsets of encoded packets, the UE  115 - g  may indicate a number of additional packets required to recover the source packets. 
     Implementing various aspects of the process flow  700  may allow the base station  105 - c  to dynamically map encoded packets onto channel resources, thereby improving reliability and efficiency of broadcast services. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an example of a process flow  800  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow  800  may implement aspects of a wireless communications system  100  or  200 , resource allocation schemes  300 ,  400  or  500 , a process flow  600  or  700 , or any combination thereof as described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 7   . The process flow  800  may include a UE  115 - h,  a UE  115 - i,  and a base station  105 - d  which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented where some processes are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some implementations, processes may include additional features not mentioned below, or further processes may be added. 
     At  805 , the base station  105 - d  may identify a first set of encoded packets. In some examples, the encoded packets may be encoded using a set of network coding parameters. For example, the base station  105 - d  may encode a first set of source packets using a rateless code (e.g., a fountain code, an LT code, a Raptor code, etc.). 
     At  810 , the base station  105 - d  may map the first set of encoded packets onto sets of channel resources. For example, the base station  105 - d  may map a first subset of encoded packets onto a first set of resources and a second subset of encoded packets onto a second set of resources based on a first predetermined threshold. In some examples, the base station  105 - c  may determine the first threshold based on channel conditions associated with the UE  115 - i  and the UE  115 - e.  In some implementations, the base station  105 - d  may determine the threshold based on an estimation that a majority of UEs  115  subscribed to the broadcast service will be able to recover the source packets. 
     At  815 , the base station  105 - d  may identify a second set of encoded packets. In some examples, the encoded packets may be encoded using a set of network coding parameters. For example, the base station  105 - d  may encode a second set of source packets using a rateless code (e.g., a fountain code, an LT code, a Raptor code, etc.). 
     At  820 , the base station  105 - d  may map the second set of encoded packets onto resources. For example, the base station  105 - d  may map a first subset of the second set of encoded packets onto the second set of resources such that resources associated with the second set of encoded packets alternate with resources associated with the first set of encoded packets. The base station  105 - d  may also map a second subset of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources based on a second predetermined threshold. In some examples, the base station  105 - d  may determine the second threshold using a procedure similar to the process used to determine the first threshold. 
     At  825 , the base station  105 - d  may transmit the first and second sets of encoded packets using the first, second, and third sets of resources. Accordingly, the UEs  115 - h  and  115 - i  may receive the first and second sets of encoded packets and recover the first and second sets of source packets. In some examples, if the UE  115 - h  experiences a higher channel quality than the UE  115 - i,  the UE  115 - h  may recover the source packets using a lower number of encoded packets than the UE  115 - i.  Accordingly, the UE  115 - h  may receive new data associated with the second set of source packets while the UE  115 - i  is attempting to recover the first set of source packets. 
     Implementing various aspects of the process flow  800  may allow the base station  105 - c  to dynamically map encoded packets onto channel resources, thereby improving reliability and efficiency of broadcast services. 
       FIG.  9    shows a block diagram  900  of a device  905  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  905  may be an example of aspects of a base station  105  as described herein. The device  905  may include a receiver  910 , a communications manager  915 , and a transmitter  920 . The device  905  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  910  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to dynamic coding for wireless systems, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  905 . The receiver  910  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The receiver  910  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The communications manager  915  may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters, map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate, map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate, and transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. The communications manager  915  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  1210  described herein. 
     The communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager  915 , or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. 
     The communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the communications manager  915 , or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     The transmitter  920  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  905 . In some examples, the transmitter  920  may be collocated with a receiver  910  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  920  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The transmitter  920  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     In some examples, the communications manager  915  may be implemented as an integrated circuit or chipset for a mobile device modem, and the receiver  910  and transmitter  920  may be implemented as analog components (e.g., amplifiers, filters, antennas) coupled with the mobile device modem to enable wireless transmission and reception over one or more bands. 
     The communications manager  915  as described may be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages. One implementation may allow the device  605  to dynamically map encoded packets onto resources associated with a broadcast channel. Based on the techniques for dynamically mapping encoded packets, the device  605  may support adjusting a number of transmitted packets such that receiving devices may successfully recover data. As such, the device  605  may exhibit improved reliability or reduced resource usage, among other benefits. 
       FIG.  10    shows a block diagram  1000  of a device  1005  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  1005  may be an example of aspects of a device  905 , or a base station  105  as described herein. The device  1005  may include a receiver  1010 , a communications manager  1015 , and a transmitter  1040 . The device  1005  may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The receiver  1010  may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to dynamic coding for wireless systems, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device  1005 . The receiver  1010  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The receiver  1010  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
     The communications manager  1015  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  915  as described herein. The communications manager  1015  may include an encoded packet identifier  1020 , a first packet mapping component  1025 , a second packet mapping component  1030 , and a packet transmitter  1035 . The communications manager  1015  may be an example of aspects of the communications manager  1210  described herein. 
     The encoded packet identifier  1020  may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters. 
     The first packet mapping component  1025  may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate. 
     The second packet mapping component  1030  may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate. 
     The packet transmitter  1035  may transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     The transmitter  1040  may transmit signals generated by other components of the device  1005 . In some examples, the transmitter  1040  may be collocated with a receiver  1010  in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter  1040  may be an example of aspects of the transceiver  1220  described with reference to  FIG.  12   . The transmitter  1040  may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. 
       FIG.  11    shows a block diagram  1100  of a communications manager  1105  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager  1105  may be an example of aspects of a communications manager  915 , a communications manager  1015 , or a communications manager  1210  described herein. The communications manager  1105  may include an encoded packet identifier  1110 , a first packet mapping component  1115 , a second packet mapping component  1120 , a packet transmitter  1125 , a threshold manager  1130 , a channel quality manager  1135 , a feedback scheduler  1140 , and a feedback monitor  1145 . Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). 
     The encoded packet identifier  1110  may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters. 
     In some examples, the encoded packet identifier  1110  may identify a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets encoded based on a second set of network coding parameters. 
     In some cases, the set of network coding parameters corresponds to a fountain code. 
     The first packet mapping component  1115  may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate. 
     In some examples, the first packet mapping component  1115  may map the first subset of the set of encoded packets to a first set of symbols of a first slot period. 
     In some examples, the first packet mapping component  1115  may map a first portion of the second set of encoded packets onto one or more resources. 
     The second packet mapping component  1120  may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate. 
     In some examples, the second packet mapping component  1120  may map the second subset of the set of encoded packets to a second set of symbols of a second slot period subsequent to the first slot period in time. 
     In some examples, the second packet mapping component  1120  may map a second portion of the second set of encoded packets onto a third set of resources. 
     The packet transmitter  1125  may transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     In some examples, the packet transmitter  1125  may transmit, to the at least one UE of the set of UEs, the second subset of the set of encoded packets based on the negative acknowledgement message. 
     In some examples, the packet transmitter  1125  may transmit, to the set of UEs, a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets based on determining the absence of feedback information. 
     In some examples, the packet transmitter  1125  may determine to cease transmission of encoded packets corresponding to the set of encoded packets based on the difference and a number of negative acknowledgement messages received from the set of UEs. 
     In some examples, the packet transmitter  1125  may transmit, to the set of UEs, a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets based on determining to cease transmission. 
     In some examples, the packet transmitter  1125  may transmit the first portion of the second set of encoded packets using the one or more resources. 
     In some examples, the packet transmitter  1125  may transmit the second portion of the second set of encoded packets using the third set of resources. 
     In some cases, the first and second subsets of the set of encoded packets are transmitted to a first group of user equipments (UEs). 
     In some cases, the first portion of the second set of encoded packets is transmitted to a second group of UEs different than the first group of UEs, the second group of UEs associated with a higher channel quality than the first group of UEs. 
     In some cases, the first portion of the second set of encoded packets is transmitted on a frequency band different from the first and second subsets. 
     In some cases, the one or more resources at least partially overlap in time with the second set of resources. 
     In some cases, the first portion of the second set of encoded packets is associated with a service different from the multicast service channel. 
     The threshold manager  1130  may determine a threshold number of encoded packets, where the first subset of the set of encoded packets corresponds to a first number of encoded packets below the threshold number of encoded packets and the second subset of the set of encoded packets corresponds to a second number of encoded packets above the threshold number of encoded packets. 
     In some examples, the threshold manager  1130  may determine the threshold number of encoded packets based on the channel quality. 
     In some examples, the threshold manager  1130  may determine a number of UEs capable of decoding the set of encoded packets based on the channel quality, where the threshold number of encoded packets is determined based on the number of UEs capable of decoding the set of encoded packets. 
     In some examples, the threshold manager  1130  may determine a threshold number of packets associated with the first and second sets of resources. 
     In some examples, the threshold manager  1130  may determine the third set of resources based on the threshold number of packets. 
     In some cases, the threshold number of encoded packets is determined based on a capability of a threshold percentage of a set of user equipments (UEs) associated with the multicast service channel to recover the set of source packets from the transmitted first and second subsets. 
     The channel quality manager  1135  may determine a channel quality of the multicast service channel, the channel quality corresponding to at least one UE supported by the base station. 
     The feedback scheduler  1140  may schedule at least one feedback channel for a set of user equipments (UEs) associated with the multicast service channel in one or more resources of the second set of resources. 
     The feedback monitor  1145  may monitor for feedback information from the set of UEs via the one or more resources. 
     In some examples, the feedback monitor  1145  may receive, from at least one UE of the set of UEs, a negative acknowledgement message associated with the first subset of the set of encoded packets. 
     In some examples, the feedback monitor  1145  may determine an absence of feedback information from any UE of the set of UEs the set of UEs based on the monitoring. 
     In some examples, the feedback monitor  1145  may receive, from at least one UE of the set of UEs, an indication of a difference between a number of encoded packets for decoding the set of source packets and a number of the first subset of the set of encoded packets received by the at least one UE. 
       FIG.  12    shows a diagram of a system  1200  including a device  1205  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device  1205  may be an example of or include the components of device  905 , device  1005 , or a base station  105  as described herein. The device  1205  may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager  1210 , a network communications manager  1215 , a transceiver  1220 , an antenna  1225 , memory  1230 , a processor  1240 , and an inter-station communications manager  1245 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus  1250 ). 
     The communications manager  1210  may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters, map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate, map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate, and transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. 
     The network communications manager  1215  may manage communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager  1215  may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs  115 . 
     The transceiver  1220  may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver  1220  may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver  1220  may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas. 
     In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna  1225 . However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna  1225 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. 
     The memory  1230  may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof. The memory  1230  may store computer-readable code  1235  including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor  1240 ) cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory  1230  may contain, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. 
     The processor  1240  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor  1240  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor  1240 . The processor  1240  may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory  1230 ) to cause the device  1205  to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting dynamic coding for wireless systems). 
     The inter-station communications manager  1245  may manage communications with other base station  105 , and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs  115  in cooperation with other base stations  105 . For example, the inter-station communications manager  1245  may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs  115  for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager  1245  may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations  105 . 
     The code  1235  may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications. The code  1235  may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code  1235  may not be directly executable by the processor  1240  but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
       FIG.  13    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1300  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1300  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1300  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1305 , the base station may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters. The operations of  1305  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1305  may be performed by an encoded packet identifier as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1310 , the base station may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate. The operations of  1310  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1310  may be performed by a first packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1315 , the base station may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate. The operations of  1315  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1315  may be performed by a second packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1320 , the base station may transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. The operations of  1320  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1320  may be performed by a packet transmitter as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
       FIG.  14    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1400  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1400  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1400  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1405 , the base station may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters. The operations of  1405  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1405  may be performed by an encoded packet identifier as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1410 , the base station may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate. The operations of  1410  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1410  may be performed by a first packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1415 , the base station may map the first subset of the set of encoded packets to a first set of symbols of a first slot period. The operations of  1415  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1415  may be performed by a first packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1420 , the base station may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate. The operations of  1420  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1420  may be performed by a second packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1425 , the base station may map the second subset of the set of encoded packets to a second set of symbols of a second slot period subsequent to the first slot period in time. The operations of  1425  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1425  may be performed by a second packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1430 , the base station may transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. The operations of  1430  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1430  may be performed by a packet transmitter as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
       FIG.  15    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1500  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1500  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1500  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1505 , the base station may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters. The operations of  1505  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1505  may be performed by an encoded packet identifier as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1510 , the base station may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate. The operations of  1510  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1510  may be performed by a first packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1515 , the base station may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate. The operations of  1515  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1515  may be performed by a second packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1520 , the base station may transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. The operations of  1520  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1520  may be performed by a packet transmitter as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1525 , the base station may schedule at least one feedback channel for a set of user equipments (UEs) associated with the multicast service channel in one or more resources of the second set of resources. The operations of  1525  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1525  may be performed by a feedback scheduler as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1530 , the base station may monitor for feedback information from the set of UEs via the one or more resources. The operations of  1530  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1530  may be performed by a feedback monitor as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
       FIG.  16    shows a flowchart illustrating a method  1600  that supports dynamic coding for wireless systems in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method  1600  may be implemented by a base station  105  or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method  1600  may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. 
     At  1605 , the base station may identify a set of encoded packets associated with a multicast service channel, the set of encoded packets corresponding to a set of source packets encoded based on a set of network coding parameters. The operations of  1605  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1605  may be performed by an encoded packet identifier as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1610 , the base station may map a first subset of the set of encoded packets onto a first set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the first set of resources being associated with a first coding rate greater than a threshold coding rate. The operations of  1610  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1610  may be performed by a first packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1615 , the base station may map a second subset of the set of encoded packets onto a second set of resources of the multicast service channel based on the second set of resources being associated with a second coding rate less than the threshold coding rate. The operations of  1615  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1615  may be performed by a second packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1620 , the base station may transmit the first subset of the set of encoded packets using the first set of resources and the second subset of the set of encoded packets using the second set of resources. The operations of  1620  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1620  may be performed by a packet transmitter as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1625 , the base station may identify a second set of encoded packets corresponding to a second set of source packets encoded based on a second set of network coding parameters. The operations of  1625  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1625  may be performed by an encoded packet identifier as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1630 , the base station may map a first portion of the second set of encoded packets onto one or more resources. The operations of  1630  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1630  may be performed by a first packet mapping component as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     At  1635 , the base station may transmit the first portion of the second set of encoded packets using the one or more resources. The operations of  1635  may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of  1635  may be performed by a packet transmitter as described with reference to  FIGS.  9  through  12   . 
     It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. 
     Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein. 
     Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). 
     The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. 
     Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” 
     In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label. 
     The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples. 
     The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.