Patent Publication Number: US-2023158782-A1

Title: High resolution elastomeric exterior laminate material and method of forming same

Description:
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the reproduction of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 
     CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/078,264 filed Sep. 14, 2020 entitled “HIGH RESOLUTION ELASTOMERIC EXTERIOR LAMINATE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME.” This application is a continuation in part of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/473,900 entitled “HIGH RESOLUTION ELASTOMERIC EXTERIOR LAMINATE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME” filed on Sep. 13, 2021. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING OR COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     In general, the present invention relates to applying a textured transparent film to a printed high resolution image on a fabric or film, which can be formed onto the exterior of a product. More particularly, the present invention relates to applying technology of the instant invention to provide vivid imagery or graphics with high tactile feel and/or high friction onto a surface, such as a grip, molded part surface, i.e., handles and other gripping surfaces. 
     Prior Art Description 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,544,634; 7,166,249; 7,927,688; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,062,737 to Abrams and Freund disclose printing high resolution images on microporous film, coating such film, and adhering the coated film to a polymer or elastomeric substrate by various methods including sheet extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and compression molding. Such coatings used for the printed film are for functional means such as protection of the printed ink and any built in security features. An alternative functional purpose is use of the coating to increase the friction between the label and mold cavity surface, helping to maintain the position of the label during the injection molding process. While such prior coatings had some advantages, they were limited in functionality and there is a need to provide a new coating to not only achieve greater functionality but also maintain clarity of an underlying image. 
     Direct printing patents on fabrics: CN100354134C, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,853,861A, 6,341,856B1 describe direct printing on a textile fabric. Transfer printing on fabrics: EP0581614B1 describes transfer dye sublimation printing. U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,112A to Porter and U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,387 A to Berghauser and U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,907 to Sawgrass describe a transfer printing process where ink is printed on a paper media. The ink is transferred to a fabric and thermally bonded upon applying heat and pressure. Printing on a fabric has advantages over a film. The fabric may offer greater strength, higher elasticity, and anisotropic properties where the fabric may stretch differently in different directions. Australian Patent Application No. AU2016225922A describes dye sublimation printing on a fabric that is deformed to create a tactile, textured feel. 
     Methods of fusing a printed film to a polymeric or elastomeric substrate are known. Applying a printed, microporous film to a molded product is known. There is a need to improve the materials and methods of forming coatings and films and textures which include printed indicia in connection therewith. Methods to form a printed fabric to an elastomeric substrate may vary. The printed fabric may be co-molded with the substrate or formed to the exterior of the substrate in a secondary operation following molding. This need is met by the present invention as described and claimed below. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a high friction, high performance exterior surface of a gripping element that has high resolution images below the transparent, textured film. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a grip technology that offers high performance traction, comfort and feel combined with vivid imagery and graphics. 
     Still another object is to provide a method of making laminate having a textured exterior surface. 
     Another object of the present invention is laminating an elastomeric material to the interior surface of the laminate. This interior surface may be textured or have relief designed in to provide desired cushioning that is independent of the exterior texture. 
     Yet another object of the invention is to provide a more durable laminate foam substrate which requires less foam density yet provides enhanced comfort and surface tension. 
     Accordingly, the invention is directed to high resolution elastomeric exterior laminate material which includes an exterior polymeric film, and an ink graphic layer bonded to the exterior polymeric film. The instant invention provides a carrier that can be a film or fabric wherein print is applied on film or fabric. An elastomeric exterior material can include a texture is applied to the printed film or fabric. The exterior polymeric film may be a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoset and may be hydrophobic. 
     By way of example, the laminate material of present invention can be employed as part of a grip or handle used on a sport product such as a golf club, hockey stick, racquet, fishing rod, baseball or softball bat, or bicycle, for example. It may also be part of a grip on a tool such as a hammer, or screwdriver, or handle of a firearm, such as a pistol or rifle. It is contemplated that the laminate material may form part of a gripping surface of any object where brand identification would be visible, and where grip traction, or high friction, or grip comfort are desirable. The invention may also provide a gripping surface to a floor, seat, surfboard, paddle board, glove, or footwear. 
     The invention improves on prior printed microporous films applied to a molded product. Here, the instant invention provides a gripping feature such as a polymer film that will improve the gripping performance of the product. Grip performance is characterized to be tactile, non-slip, and comfortable. 
     The invention also enables the creation of tactile feel tailored to a predetermined hardness. In general a tactile feel is of personal preference to one&#39;s skin. For example, the laminate surface can be about the same hardness and friction as skin. This requires a polymer that provides similar characteristics to skin in the general range of 20 Shore A to 50 Shore A, preferably in the range of 30 Shore A to 40 Shore A. 
     Additionally, the outer layer can be provided with a textured surface to lend a cushioning effect to the laminate. One or both sides can include this textured surface. 
     The thickness of the polymer film can vary depending on the desired tactile feel. Film thicknesses ranging from 0.001 inches to 0.125 inches and can achieve a wide range of tactile feel. The preferred range is between 0.010-0.040 inches in thickness. 
     The comfort of the grip may be important in various applications. Comfort is determined by film thickness, hardness, and texture. In general the thicker the film, and the lower the hardness, the greater the comfort. The surface texture of the film has a significant effect on comfort and traction. The surface texture can have peaks and valleys to provide the desired feel. The range of peak to valley texture can vary from 0.001 inches to 0.040 inches. The spacing of the texture is also a variable, with texture very small classified as microtexture, with peak to peak (or valley to valley) spacing as little as 0.001 inches. Alternatively, peak to peak spacing can be very wide as large as 0.25 inches. 
     The shape of the texture will also effect feel, comfort, and traction. Texture may be rounded or smooth, creating more comfort. Texture may be jagged and rough, to offer greater bite, for example, for handles used with gloves. 
     The traction of a grip is measured by the friction, or the force required to slide the hand on the surface of the grip. There exist a variety of polymers with different coefficients of friction (COF). In general it is desired to have a polymer with a high COF. The polymer film may be thermoplastic or thermoset. 
     The clarity or transparency of the polymer film is important in order to show the printed images under the film. In general thermoplastic polymers or elastomers are preferred because they are more transparent. There exist several thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and thermoset elastomers that provide the desired combination of durometer, tactile feel, high friction, and transparency. 
     Applying the exterior film to the printed fabric may preferably be done in a continuous process such as extrusion, laminating, and rolling. This can be a laminating process to compress and consolidate the exterior film and printed film. This is a highly controlled process with precise machinery to control the pressure, film thickness, and eliminate any air between the exterior film and printed fabric. An adhering agent can be provided promoting bonding between the between the exterior film and printed fabric, such as adhesive layer, bonding agent, or primer. 
     The printed film with the exterior fabric is called the preform. The exterior film may or may not have a texture. The preform may be laminated with a foam or nonwoven backing to create a laminate that in one use may be cut to form a grip strip that is wrapped around a handle. 
     Experimentation has shown that the exterior layer will not reliably and sufficiently adhere to a printed film via lamination with heat and pressure or via an adhesive. To solve this issue, the printed layer was replaced with a printed open weave fabric. An open weave fabric is air permeable. The fabric may be knit, woven and/or include lycra in order to provide space for air (and the exterior polymeric layer) to flow between the fibers of the fabric. Heat and pressure based lamination flows the exterior layer through the open weave fabric, embedding the fabric in the exterior layer such that a mechanical bond is formed. These mechanically bonded layers may then (or simultaneously) be bonded to a base layer (e.g., boat flooring foam) via adhesive or heat and pressure. 
     Alternatively, the preform can be prepared for subsequent molding operation will vary depending on the geometry of the product. For a grip product, it will likely be circular or tubular. The preform is in sheet form. The preform can be die cut to the desired shape so when rolled or applied on a tube, for example, it approximates the cavity of the injection mold. The preform can be mended together at end joints by tape, adhesive, stitching, or other suitable means. In some applications the preform is not fused together to allow the preform to expand freely and conform to the injection mold cavity. In other applications the preform may not cover full circumference of the desired product geometry. The preform may envelope the article to which it attaches, or cover a partial revolution, such as 270 degrees, or 180 degrees, or 90 degrees or less. 
     In one contemplated embodiment, the preform can be placed in an injection mold and the mold is closed. The elastomer is injected on the interior side of the preform which creates internal pressure and forces the preform to the cavity geometry. Once the elastomer fills the cavity and presses the preform to the cavity walls, the injection of the elastomer is stopped. The mold is cooled and the product is removed from the injection mold. 
     An alternative method of applying a high resolution printed and coated image to a product is forming the preform to a previously molded part. This method involves placing the preform over the molded part and applying exterior pressure to fix the preform to the molded part. Heat may be applied to facilitate forming the laminate to the contour of the molded part. 
     Another alternative is to use a preform that is elastic and allows some stretch. For example using a polyester fabric with lycra elastic fibers, or a knit fabric with stretch properties. This will give the fabric some stretch to conform to different geometries. The preform may be formed into a tube using stitching. The preform may be slightly undersized compared to the substrate. The substrate may have an adhesive applied would act as a lubricant during installation and later dry and cure. 
     The product created using this technology will have a high resolution image on the exterior of the part. That image may be photographic quality showing any image that may be printed by flexographic or digital methods. An exterior film shall be applied over the printed image on the fabric to provide a tactile feel. The exterior film may have a texture formed to enhance the friction or gripping power of the exterior surface. The texture may be within the thickness of the exterior film or transfer to the printed film. An exterior texture that is formed by a deformed printed film is capable of greater texture depth, as defined by the peak to valley dimension. The exterior film may be offered in range of hardness, from a Shore A 20 to a harder Shore A 80. The texture may range from small undulations of smooth contour to large undulations of sharp radii of peaks and valleys. The laminate may need have a film on both sides of the fabric layer. The film layer serving as the under layer can include a pattern design, such as honeycomb design for cushion effect. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1 A  is an isometric view of a conventional tubular grip. 
         FIG.  1 B  is an isometric view of a tubular grip with end caps of the invention. 
         FIG.  2    is a cutaway view of a conventional tubular grip. 
         FIG.  3    is an exploded side view of the layers of an exemplary laminate of the invention. 
         FIG.  4 A  is an isometric view of the printed film. 
         FIG.  4 B  is an isometric view of an exterior film laminated to the printed film. 
         FIG.  5    is an isometric view of the laminated film with exterior texture. 
         FIG.  6    is an isometric view of the laminated film formed into a preform. 
         FIG.  7    shows a cutaway view of the preform placed in an injection mold cavity. 
         FIG.  8    shows a cutaway view of the molded part with the fused preform. 
         FIG.  9    shows a texture variant. 
         FIG.  10    shows another texture variant. 
         FIG.  11    shows still another texture variant. 
         FIG.  12    shows yet another texture variant. 
         FIG.  13    shows the invention applied to a golf grip. 
         FIG.  14    shows the invention applied to a fishing rod grip. 
         FIG.  15    shows the invention applied to a bat grip. 
         FIG.  16    shows the invention applied to a tool. 
         FIG.  17    shows the invention applied to a firearm. 
         FIG.  18    shows an embodiment of the invention as a wrap. 
         FIG.  19    is an isometric view of a boat surface having the invention deployed thereon. 
         FIG.  20    depicts the invention on a sandal. 
         FIG.  21    depicts the invention on a glove. 
         FIG.  22    depicts the invention on at-shirt. 
         FIG.  23    depicts the invention on a hat. 
         FIG.  24    depicts the invention on the belt. 
         FIG.  25    depicts the invention a surf board. 
         FIG.  26    depicts an exemplary outer surface and geometric pattern of part of the laminate film of the invention formed by molding. 
         FIG.  27    depicts an application of the invention on a fishing wrap. 
         FIG.  28    depicts an application of the invention on a wrap. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     While the making and using of various embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention and do not delimit the scope of the invention. 
     To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments described herein, a number of terms are defined below. The terms defined herein have meanings as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the areas relevant to the present invention. Terms such as “a,” “an,” and “the” are not intended to refer to only a singular entity, but rather include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The terminology herein is used to describe specific embodiments of the invention, but their usage does not delimit the invention, except as set forth in the claims. 
     As described herein, an upright position is considered to be the position of apparatus components while in proper operation or in a natural resting position as described herein. Vertical, horizontal, above, below, side, top, bottom and other orientation terms are described with respect to this upright position during operation unless otherwise specified. The term “when” is used to specify orientation for relative positions of components, not as a temporal limitation of the claims or apparatus described and claimed herein unless otherwise specified. The terms “above”, “below”, “over”, and “under” mean “having an elevation or vertical height greater or lesser than” and are not intended to imply that one object or component is directly over or under another object or component. 
     The phrase “in one embodiment,” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without operator input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. 
     Referring now to the drawings, the high resolution elastomeric exterior laminate material of the present invention is generally designated by the numeral  10 . The high resolution elastomeric exterior laminate material  10  in one example can be incorporated into 3 dimensional product such as a tubular product. Of particular preference is to use the high resolution elastomeric exterior laminate material  10  in products, such as sporting goods, where imagery, branding, and grip security are desired. Sport product handles include but are not limited to golf grips, racquet grips, paddle grips, hockey grips, fishing rod grips, bat grips, bicycle grips and others. The invention may be applied to other products such as tool grips, firearm grips, bow grips, can holders, vehicle and boat decks and floor mats, and other applications. 
       FIG.  1    shows an isometric view of a prior art conventional tubular grip  2 . The grip  2  is an injection molded or compression molded product. The grip  2  may be elastomeric, and may be thermoplastic or thermoset. The grip  2  may be a single material homogeneous through the thickness of the product. The grip  2  may also be multi-layer meaning the exterior material is different than the interior material. The gripping stability is determined by the material and texture of the mold forming the grip  2 . The graphics of the grip  2  are limited. Typically the grip  2  has recessed areas  3  on the exterior surface as denoted by the word “GRIP” that are painted with different colors to give the grip some visual attractiveness. This method of applying color to grip  2  is limited in resolution and color variance. 
       FIG.  2    shows a sectional view of grip  2 . Here, there is shown a generally circular cross-sectional shape, but could be any shape such as octagonal as used on a racquet grip, or with a flat side as used on a golf putter grip. The grip  2  has a hollow interior diameter  4  and exterior surface  5 , the difference forms a wall thickness. The exterior surface  5  of the grip  2  may have texture to provide traction and desired feel as illustrated in  FIG.  26   , for example.  FIG.  26    is a honeycomb texture used for the on an underlying film layer  17  which is illustrated with varying sized patterns.  FIG.  2    shows a golf grip, with recessed areas colored which is not intended to be a focus the instant invention. The recessed areas  3  on the exterior texture may be filled with a different color paint than the body of the grip  2 . 
       FIG.  4 A  depicts an isometric view of the printed film  7  that has printed on the exterior surface with a high resolution image  8 , which can be any indicia, including words or an entire pictorial. An aspect of the invention is also to provide a web portal with an ability to select or create an image to be used in the printed fabric  8 . In this regard, there can also be provided a QR code or another tracking indicia any of which can be characterized digital information indicia during the creation process. As is known in the art, such a site can be used to gather contact information, such as name, address and email for future contact with respect to the buyer. In one embodiment, the printed fabric  8  can include a polymer material, or can be knitted to provide desired stretch properties. In another application the print image can be applied to a blended fabric (e.g., 10% polyester 90% colon blends, e.g., 90% polyester 10% lycra blend) wherein the ink die sublimates in polyester and is very clear and sets permanent. Printing technology has the capability of generating millions of colors in fine resolution, as much as 1800 dpi (dots per inch). Printing of the fabric can be efficient with machinery capable of printing at 60 d/minute. The particular blends provide a desired amount of stretch while retaining graphic clarity when stretched. 
     Of the particular importance in the instance invention is the added durability which the fabric provides in combination with a foam layer to be described hereinafter. It is believed that the closed cell structure inherently in foam typically requires a greater pound density for durability. This however is minimized through the other layers of material the instant invention rendering a relatively thin and durable material with a superior clarity and aesthetic appearance. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  1   , thermoformed or vacuum formed plastic end caps  2 A and  2 B can be attached to a golf grip. Caps  2 A and  2 B are formed from a film that have decorative characteristics, i.e., chrome, or stainless or image. The film may be any polymer capable of thermoforming. The plastic material provides protection and identification for the golf grip. 
     The film may be metallic in appearance, such as brushed metal, polished chrome, or tinted metal. The film may have a carbon fiber fabric, or any decorative appearance not possible with typical golf grip materials such as rubber and polyurethane. 
     The plastic is typically harder than rubber or polyurethane, protecting the grip from going in and out of the bag, or impacting other objects. The plastic film should be elastic in order to comply with the stretch of the grip upon installation, yet offer protection beyond other materials. The appearance of metal-looking caps  2 A and  2 B will give the golf grip  2  a unique identity. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates preform  10  with an exterior film  12  applied on the printed side of the underlying fabric  14 . The exterior film  12  may be transparent to allow visibility of the printed image. The exterior film  12  may vary in thickness, ranging from 0.003 inches to 0.050 inches. The exterior film  12  may be tinted if desired to generate an appealing visual. The underlying fabric  14  can likewise be provided with a material similar to the exterior material for applications in providing a stand alone product, such as a coaster or can or bottle wrap. Another contemplated use of the invention is for belts and ball caps. 
     One embodiment contemplates the underlying fabric layer  14  can have exterior film  12  formed in a predetermined geometric pattern e.g.,  50   a ,  50   b ,  50   c , such as a honeycomb as seen in  FIG.  26   , which can be of a desired size or other pattern to provide a desired feel and cushion as function of width and depth. Optionally, a foam layer  17  can also be employed for additional cushion as explained herein.  FIG.  3    shows exterior layer  12 A and  12 B with interposed fabric layer  14  and foam layer  17 . It is also contemplated that two of the layers may be used alone as part of the novelty of the invention. With the instant invention, there is provided a foam density reduction of many weight factors while maintaining equivalent durability. Thus, the invention enables a durable usage for indoor/outdoor application. 
       FIG.  5    shows the exterior film  12  in  FIG.  4    with a texture  15 . The texture  15  in this example is a regular pattern of crossed grooves. The texture  15  provides enhanced traction to the exterior surface, increasing grip stability in wet or humid conditions. The texture  15  may vary from small peak to valley depths around 0.005 inches to large peak to valley depths of 0.040 inches. The spacing of the texture  15  may also vary. 
       FIG.  6    is an isometric view of the coated printed preform  10  formed into a tubular shape called a preform  16 . The preform  16  may be of constant diameter or conical or some other tubular variance. The preform  16  edges may be adhered to retain the shape of the preform. Alternatively, the preform may be fixed with a low strength adhesive to allow it to expand during molding. 
       FIG.  7    is a cutaway view showing the preform  16  placed in a cavity  20  of the injection mold  22 . The preform  16  may have indexing means to accurately position it in the mold so its orientation and location are controlled. The preform  16  may be held by vacuum or electrostatic charge to prevent it from moving during the injection of the material. 
       FIG.  8    is a cutaway view of the molded part showing the elastomeric body  18  of the grip and the fused preform  16  on the exterior. The preform  10  adheres to the body of the grip and is integrated. The image printed on the preform  10  is visible through the transparent exterior film. The texture of the exterior film is retained during molding. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates a square pattern texture showing orthogonal grooves crossing. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a pattern of raised dots as a texture pattern. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a herringbone pattern of texture 
       FIG.  12    illustrates a decorative pattern of texture. The texture pattern doesn&#39;t have to align with the graphics of the printed image. The texture pattern may be independent of graphic design. 
       FIG.  13    is an isometric view of a golf grip using the invention. 
       FIG.  14    is an isometric view of a fishing road using the invention. 
       FIG.  15    is an isometric view of a baseball bat using the invention. 
       FIG.  16    is an isometric view of a hammer using the invention. 
       FIG.  17    is an isometric view of a firearm using the invention. 
       FIG.  18    is an isometric view of a wrap for an article. 
       FIG.  19    is an isometric view of a boat surface having the invention deployed thereon. 
       FIG.  20    shows an embodiment of the invention as a sandal showing an image below a tactile, non-slip surface. 
       FIG.  21    shows an embodiment of the invention as a glove showing an image below a tactile, non-slip surface. 
       FIG.  22    shows an embodiment of the invention as a shirt showing an area for creating padding and non-slip for resting a firearm. 
       FIG.  23    shows an embodiment of the invention as a hat showing a textured image on the brim of a cap. 
       FIG.  24    shows and embodiment of the invention as a belt showing a textured image on the belt. 
       FIG.  25    shows an embodiment of the invention applied to a paddle board to create an image with a non-slip surface. 
       FIG.  26    shows a surface pattern configuration formed as part of the exterior surface of a laminate of the invention to lend a desired feel and cushion. 
       FIG.  27    depicts a plan view fishing rod wrap. Note, the hole is provided for a trigger finger. 
       FIG.  28    depicts a side view of a baseball bat wrap. 
     Boats and other vehicles have a need for high friction mats for traction and decoration. Using adhesive to attach the mat works except when the mat must be removed. Removal of the mat is preferred when cleaning the boat, for example cleaning up fish debris or other unpleasant muck. A mat that is adhered cannot be easily removed. If an adhesive is used, then the adhesive must be removed from both the mat and boat surface. 
     A mat that can have a removable attachment to the boat surface is preferred. A surface geometry that promotes cohesion or suction to attach the mat is preferred. A mat with a cohesive attachment will function as an adhered mat, yet be removable. The preferred design is to have a 3d texture with suction cup features, for example protrusions with a concave element to them coupled with a relief groove surrounding the protrusions to allow side deformation to increase suction. 
     The invention enables the creation of tactile feel tailored to a predetermined hardness. In general a tactile feel is of personal preference to one&#39;s skin. For example, the laminate surface can be about the same hardness and friction as skin. This requires a polymer that provides similar characteristics to skin, in the general range of 20 Shore A to 50 Shore A, preferably in the range of 30 Shore A to 40 Shore A, but it is contemplated that higher durometer can be employed for specific application. 
     The thickness of each polymer film can vary depending on the desired tactile feel. Film thicknesses ranging from 0.001 inches to 0.125 inches and can achieve a wide range of tactile feel. The preferred range is between 0.010-0.040 inches in thickness. 
     The comfort of the grip may be important in various applications. Comfort is determined by film thickness, hardness, and texture. In general the thicker the film  12 , and the lower the hardness, the greater the comfort. The surface texture  15  of the film  12  has a significant effect on comfort and traction. The surface texture  15  can have peaks and valleys to provide the desired feel. The range of peak to valley texture can vary from 0.001 inches to 0.040 inches. The spacing of the texture is also a variable, with texture very small classified as microtexture, with peak to peak (or valley to valley) spacing as little as 0.001 inches. Alternatively, peak to peak spacing can be very wide as large as 0.25 inches. 
     The shape of the texture  17  will also effect feel, comfort, and traction. Texture  17  may be rounded or smooth, creating more comfort. Texture  15  may be jagged and rough, to offer greater bite, for example, for handles used with gloves. 
     The traction of a grip is measured by the friction, or the force required to slide the hand on the surface of the grip. There exist a variety of polymers with different coefficients of friction (COF). In general it is desired to have a polymer with a high COF. The exterior film  12  may be thermoplastic or thermoset. The exterior film  12  will have a hyrdophobic property for high traction when wet. 
     The clarity or transparency of the exterior film  12  is important in order to show the printed images under the film. In general thermoplastic polymers or elastomers are preferred because they are more transparent. There exist several thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and polymer material that provide the desired combination of durometer, tactile feel, high friction, and transparency. 
     Applying the exterior film  12  to the printed fabric  14  may be done via laminating or in a continuous process such as molding, extrusion and/or rolling. This can be a laminating process to compress and consolidate the exterior film  12  and printed fabric  14 . This is a highly controlled process with precise machinery to control the pressure, film thickness, and eliminate any air between the exterior film  12  and printed fabric  14 . An adhering agent can be provided promoting bonding between the between the exterior film  12  and printed fabric  14 , such as adhesive layer, bonding agent, or primer. 
     The printed fabric  14  with the exterior film  12  is coined “preform”  16  as it is in a useful shape for its intended application, e.g., a golf grip. The exterior film  12  may or may not have a texture. The preform  16  may be laminated with a foam or nonwoven backing to create a laminate that in one use may be cut to form a grip strip that is wrapped around a handle. 
     That polymer foam could be polyurethane, polyethylene, polystyrene, EVA, neoprene, etc. Some applications, the foam may be any thickness, between 0.010″-0.250″. For example, for grips it will be between 0.020″-0.080″. For mats, it will be between 0.100″-0.50″. The foam may vary in density, cell size, etc to provide the desired cushion. 
     The foam may be attached to the laminate using adhesive. A film adhesive can be fixed to the laminate with pressure and heat from a press or laminating machine. It can also be attached using induction heating, where the film is impregnated with conductive material and only the film is heated as pressure is applied by a press or laminating machine. The induction heating has the advantage of reducing foam cell compression because only the film is heated. 
     The foam may be adhered without any film adhesive. Heat can be applied at the interface during a lamination process. The heat zone needs to be closely controlled so only the interface of the materials being bonded is heated to achieve polymer softening, flow, and bonding. The polymer content of the foam and laminate must be compatible for this process to achieve adhesion. 
     It may be desirable to have more than one layer of foam, for example, a more dense foam on either the top or bottom side of a less dense foam. These foams may be laminated by either of the above mentioned processes (heat or induction). The multilayer foam laminate could be laminated before laminating to the laminate, or everything can be laminated together. A multilayer foam laminate using one or more features of the invention is contemplated. Alternatively, the preform  16  is prepared for subsequent molding operation will vary depending on the geometry of the product. For a grip product, it will likely be circular or tubular. The preform  16  can be in sheet form. The preform  16  can be die cut to the desired shape so when rolled or applied on a tube, for example, it approximates the cavity  20  of the injection mold  22 . The preform  16  can be mended together at end joints by tape, adhesive, stitching, or other suitable means. In some applications the preform is not fused together to allow the preform to expand freely and conform to the injection mold cavity. In other applications the preform  16  may not cover full circumference of the desired product geometry. The preform  16  may envelope the article to which it attaches, or cover a partial revolution, such as 270 degrees, or 180 degrees, or 90 degrees or less. 
     In one contemplated embodiment, the preform  16  can be placed in an injection mold  22  and the mold  22  is closed. Elastomer  18  is injected on the interior side of the preform  16  which creates internal pressure and forces the preform to the cavity geometry. Once the elastomer  18  fills the cavity and presses the preform  16  to the cavity walls, the injection of the elastomer  18  is stopped. The mold  22  is cooled and the product is removed from the injection mold  22 . 
     An alternative method of applying a high resolution printed and coated image to a product is forming the preform  16  to a previously formed article. This method involves placing the preform  16  over the molded part and applying exterior pressure to fix the preform  16  to the molded part. In desired applications, heat can be applied to facilitate forming the microporous film to the contour of the molded part. 
     In another embodiment, the preform  16  can be provided on the outer surface to create a mat surface which can be laid onto a surface such as a deck thereby imparting a visually aesthetically pleasing image with an anti-slip surface and drawings herewith are illustrative of uses of the embodiments. 
     The products created using this technology will have a high resolution image on the exterior of the part. That image may be photographic quality showing any image that may be printed by flexographic or digital methods. An exterior film shall be applied over the printed image to provide a tactile feel. The exterior film may have a texture formed to enhance the friction or gripping power of the exterior surface. The texture may be within the thickness of the exterior film or transfer to the printed film. An exterior texture that is formed is provided by a deformed film is capable of greater texture depth, as defined by the peak to valley dimension. The exterior film may be offered in range of hardness, from a soft Shore A 20 to a harder Shore A 90. The texture may range from small undulations of smooth contour to large undulations of sharp radii of peaks and valleys. Additionally, there can be provided a variability of texture and depth. 
     Another contemplated use of the invention can be for mats and mud flaps with decorative layer. Printed fabric attached to polymer mud flaps to add some decoration. Mud flaps are typically made from compressed, or injected, or extruded rubber or other polymeric or elastic materials. There is a need to decorate mud flaps with a logo or other information. That artwork is typically screen printed or hot stamped. Any conventional method is limited to the detail of the graphic, number of colors, etc. 
     The concept of printing a high resolution image on a fabric, and applying the printed fabric to the mud flap will create a decorated mud flap with superior graphics. Digital printed artwork is capable of millions of colors and resolutions up to 1800 dpi. The proposed method would be print the graphic on a polyester fabric. That printed fabric may or may not receive a protective clear coat. 
     The coated printed fabric may be co-molded with the mud flap when it is molded or extruded. Alternatively, the coated printed fabric may be bonded to the mud flap. 
     A product with enhanced gripping means combined with high resolution imagery is unique and desirable. The imagery may have millions of colors including neons, metals, chromes, and flakes. The exterior surface of the product may have a range of hardness and texture. The printed images may resist UV and Ozone better than existing thermoplastics and thermosets. The texture of the exterior film is independent of the printed image, providing design flexibility and enhanced product performance. Numerous products may be enhanced with the present invention. 
     Experimentation has shown that the exterior layer will not reliably and sufficiently adhere to a printed film via lamination with heat and pressure or via an adhesive. To solve this issue, the printed layer was replaced with a printed open weave fabric. An open weave fabric is air permeable. The fabric may be knit, woven and/or include lycra in order to provide space for air (and the exterior polymeric layer) to flow between the fibers of the fabric. Heat and pressure based lamination flows the exterior layer through the open weave fabric, embedding the fabric in the exterior layer such that a mechanical bond is formed. These mechanically bonded layers may then (or simultaneously) be bonded to a base layer (e.g., boat flooring foam) via adhesive or heat and pressure. 
     It will be understood that the embodiment of the present invention assembly and method that have been illustrated are merely exemplary and that a person skilled in the art can make variations to the shown embodiment without departing from the intended scope of the invention. All such variations, modifications and alternate embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose the invention and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims. 
     It will be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are shown by way of illustration and not as limitations of the invention. The principal features of this invention may be employed in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize numerous equivalents to the specific procedures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention and are covered by the claims. 
     All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein may be made and/or executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of the embodiments included herein, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the invention. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
     Thus, although there have been described particular embodiments of the present invention of a new and useful HIGH RESOLUTION ELASTOMERIC EXTERIOR LAMINATE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME it is not intended that such references be construed as limitations upon the scope of this invention except as set forth in the following claims