Patent Publication Number: US-2022238760-A1

Title: Display device

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of China Application No. 202110110824.4, filed Jan. 27, 2021, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present disclosure is related to a display device, and in particular it is related to a display device including a light-shielding element. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Electronic products including display panels, such as smartphones, tablet computers, notebook computers, monitors, and televisions, have become indispensable necessities in modern society. With the flourishing development of such portable electronic products, consumers have high expectations for the quality, function, or price of these products. 
     Due to the miniaturization of light-emitting elements, some display devices adopt electric-field-induced alignment to transfer the miniaturized light-emitting elements. In such a manner, a gap needs to be reserved between the alignment electrodes to generate an electric field. However, the gap may cause light leakage problem of the light-emitting elements. For example, light may pass through the gap to irradiate the driving element of the display device, thereby affecting the performance of the driving element. 
     Therefore, the development of a structural design that can improve the reliability or performance of a display device is still currently an important research topic in the industry. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device is provided. The display device includes a substrate, a driving layer, a light-emitting element, and a light-shielding element. The substrate has a surface. The driving layer includes a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor is disposed on the surface. The light-emitting element has a P-end and an N-end. The light-emitting element is disposed on the driving layer and arranged in such a way that a virtual line connecting the P-end and the N-end is parallel to the surface of the substrate. The light-shielding element is disposed between the light-emitting element and the thin-film transistor for blocking a light emitted from the light-emitting element from irradiating the thin-film transistor. 
     A detailed description is given in the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure may be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a top-view diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device corresponding to section line A-A′ of  FIG. 1  in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3A  is a cross-sectional diagram of a light-emitting element of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3B  is a cross-sectional diagram of a light-emitting element of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4A  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4B  is an enlarged diagram of region R of  FIG. 4A  in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The display device of the present disclosure is described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that in the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details and embodiments are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. The elements and configurations described in the following detailed description are set forth in order to clearly describe the present disclosure. These embodiments are used merely for the purpose of illustration, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In addition, different embodiments may use like and/or corresponding numerals to denote like and/or corresponding elements in order to clearly describe the present disclosure. However, the use of like and/or corresponding numerals of different embodiments does not suggest any correlation between different embodiments. 
     It should be understood that some of the elements or devices in the drawings of the present disclosure may be present in the form or configuration known to those skilled in the art. In addition, in the embodiments, relative expressions may be used. For example, “lower”, “bottom”, “higher” or “top” are used to describe the position of one element relative to another. It should be appreciated that if a device is flipped upside down, an element that is “lower” will become an element that is “higher”. The present disclosure can be understood by referring to the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are also regarded as part of the description of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings of the present disclosure may be not drawn to scale. In fact, the size of the elements may be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced to clearly represent the features of the present disclosure. 
     Furthermore, the expression “a first material layer is disposed on/over a second material layer”, may indicate that the first material layer is in direct contact with the second material layer, or it may indicate that the first material layer is in indirect contact with the second material layer, In the situation where the first material layer is in indirect contact with the second material layer, there may be one or more intermediate layers between the first material layer and the second material layer. However, the expression “the first material layer is directly disposed on/over the second material layer” means that the first material layer is in direct contact with the second material layer. 
     Moreover, it should be understood that the ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as the terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used to modify an element, which itself does not mean and represent that the element (or elements) has any previous ordinal number, and does not mean the order of a certain element and another element, or the order in the manufacturing method. The use of these ordinal numbers is to make an element with a certain name can be clearly distinguished from another element with the same name. Claims and the specification may not use the same terms. Accordingly, the first element in the specification may refer to the second element in the claims. 
     In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, regarding the terms such as “connected”, “interconnected”, etc. referring to bonding and connection, unless specifically defined, these terms mean that two structures are in direct contact or two structures are not in direct contact, and other structures are provided to be disposed between the two structures. The terms for bonding and connecting may also include the case where both structures are movable or both structures are fixed. In addition, the term “electrically connected” or “electrically coupled” may include any direct or indirect electrical connection means. 
     In the context, the terms “about” and “substantially” typically mean +/−10% of the stated value, or typically +/−5% of the stated value, or typically +/−3% of the stated value, or typically +/−2% of the stated value, or typically +/−1% of the stated value or typically +/−0.5% of the stated value. The stated value of the present disclosure is an approximate value. When there is no specific description, the stated value includes the meaning of “about” or “substantially”. The expression “in a range from the first value to the second value” or “between the first value and the second value” means that the range includes the first value, the second value, and other values in between. In addition, in the context, if the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be between 80 degrees and 100 degrees; and if the first direction is parallel to the second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be between 0 degree and 10 degrees. 
     It should be understood that in the following embodiments, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure, the features in several different embodiments can be replaced, recombined, and mixed to complete another embodiment. The features between the various embodiments can be mixed and matched arbitrarily as long as they do not violate or conflict the spirit of the present disclosure. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It should be appreciated that, in each case, the term, which is defined in a commonly used dictionary, should be interpreted as having a meaning that conforms to the relative skills of the present disclosure and the background or the context of the present disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless so defined. In the specification and claims, the terms “comprising”, “including”, “having” and the like are open-ended phrases, so they should be interpreted as “including but is not limited to . . . ”. 
     In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device is provided. The display device includes a light-shielding element disposed between a light-emitting element and a thin-film transistor. The light-shielding element can be used to block light emitted from the light-emitting element from irradiating the thin-film transistor. Therefore, the risk of photocurrent or abnormality occurring in the thin-film transistor caused by light leakage can be reduced. 
     The electronic device disclosed in the present disclosure may include a display device, an antenna device, a sensing device, a light-emitting device, a touch electronic device (a touch display), a curved electronic device (a curved display), or a free-shape electronic device (a free shape display), but it is not limited thereto. The electronic device may include a bendable or flexible electronic device. The electronic device may include, for example, liquid crystals, light-emitting diodes, quantum dots (QDs), fluorescence, phosphors, other suitable display media, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The light-emitting diode may include, for example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a mini light-emitting diode (mini LED), a micro light-emitting diode (micro LED), or a quantum dot light-emitting diode (quantum dot LED, including QLED, or QDLED), or other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The display device may include, for example, a tiled display device, but it is not limited thereto. The antenna device may be, for example, a liquid-crystal antenna but it is not limited thereto. The antenna device may include, for example, a tiled antenna device, but it is not limited thereto. It should be noted that the electronic device can be any combination of the foregoing, but it is not limited thereto. In addition, the appearance of the electronic device may be rectangular, circular, polygonal, a shape with curved edges, or other suitable shapes. The electronic device may have peripheral systems such as a driving system, a control system, a light source system, etc., to support a display device, an antenna device, or a tiled device. Hereinafter, the display device will be used as an example to describe the electronic device of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Refer to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 1  is a top-view diagram of a display device  10  in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional diagram of the display device  10  corresponding to section line A-A′ of  FIG. 1  in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that, to provide a clear description, some elements of the display device  10  are omitted in the drawing, and only some elements are schematically shown. In accordance with some embodiments, additional features may be added to the display device  10  described below. In accordance with some other embodiments, some of the features of the display device  10  described below may be replaced or omitted. 
       FIG. 1  only illustrates the light-shielding elements  400 , the light-emitting elements  410 , the alignment electrodes  300 A, the alignment electrodes  300 B, and the insulating layer  130  of the display device  10  to clearly illustrate their positional relationship. The detailed structure of these elements will be further described in  FIG. 2  below. As shown in  FIG. 1 , in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device  10  includes a substrate  100  and a plurality of sub-pixel units PX. The sub-pixel units PX are disposed on the substrate  100 . An insulating layer  130  substantially defines the position of each sub-pixel. For example, an opening of the insulating layer  130  can be defined as a sub-pixel unit PX. Specifically, the bottom of the opening of the insulating layer  130  can define the area of the sub-pixel unit PX, hut the present disclosure is not limited thereto. A plurality of light-emitting elements  410  are disposed on a light-shielding element  400 . The light-shielding element  400  may partially overlap an alignment electrode  300 A and an alignment electrode  300 B. The alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B can align the light-emitting elements  410  so that the light-emitting elements  410  are arranged in a specific direction. 
     It should be understood that although one sub-pixel unit PX has three light-emitting elements  410  in the illustrated embodiment, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. According to different embodiments, the sub-pixel unit PX may have other suitable number of light-emitting elements  410 , for example, more than 3, more than 5, or more than  10  light-emitting elements  410 , but it is not limited thereto. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the display device  10  includes the substrate  100  and a driving layer  200 . The substrate  100  has a surface  100 S, and the driving layer  200  is disposed on the surface  100 S. Furthermore, the substrate  100  can be used as a driving substrate of the display device  10 . 
     In some embodiments, the substrate  100  may include a flexible substrate, a rigid substrate, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the material of the substrate  100  may include glass, quartz, sapphire, ceramic, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), other suitable materials or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the substrate  100  may include a metal-glass fiber composite plate, or a metal-ceramic composite plate, but it is not limited thereto. In addition, the light transmittance of the substrate  100  is not limited. That is, the substrate  100  may be a transparent substrate, a semi-transparent substrate or a non-transparent substrate. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the driving layer  200  includes a thin-film transistor  200 T, and the thin-film transistor  200 T is disposed on the surface  100 S and electrically connected to the light-emitting element  410 . Specifically, in some embodiments, the driving layer  200  may include a buffer layer  102  disposed on the substrate  100 , the thin-film transistor  200 T disposed on the buffer layer  102 , and conductive elements electrically connected to the thin-film transistor  200 T (for example, a conductive element  206   a , a conductive element  206   b , etc.), signal lines (not illustrated), an insulating layer  106 , an insulating layer  108 , and an insulating layer  110  and so on. In some embodiments, the signal line may include, for example, a current signal line, a voltage signal line, a high-frequency signal line, and a low-frequency signal line, and the signal line that transmits device operating voltage (VDD), common ground voltage (VSS), or driving voltage, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the thin-film transistor  2001  may include a switching transistor, a driving transistor, a reset transistor, or other thin-film transistors. In some embodiments, the driving layer  200  may include one switching transistor and one driving transistor that are electrically connected to each other, but it is not limited thereto. In addition, although the thin-film transistor  200 T in the drawing is a top gate thin-film transistor, the thin-film transistor  200 T may be a bottom gate thin-film transistor or a double gate (dual gate) thin-film transistor, or a combination thereof in accordance with some other embodiments. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of thin-film transistors  200 T is not limited to that illustrated in the drawing. In accordance with different embodiments, the display device  10  may have other suitable numbers of thin-film transistors  200 T. 
     As shown in FIG,  2 , ire some embodiments, the thin-film transistor  200 T may include at least one semiconductor layer  202 , a gate electrode layer  204 , a conductive element  206   a,  and a conductive element  206   b . In some embodiments, the driving layer  200  may further include a gate dielectric layer  104 , the gate dielectric layer  104  and the gate electrode layer  204  may be disposed on the semiconductor layer  202 , and the gate dielectric layer  104  may be disposed between the semiconductor layer  202  and the gate electrode layer  204 . In some embodiments, the semiconductor layer  202  may include semiconductor portions  202   p  with appropriate dopants and a channel region  202   c  formed between the two semiconductor portions  202   p . The gate electrode layer  204  may overlap the semiconductor layer  202  in a normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), and the area where the semiconductor layer  202  overlaps the gate electrode layer  204  may serve as the channel region  202   c . The conductive element  206   a  and the conductive element  206   b  may be respectively electrically connected to the semiconductor portions  202   p  located on both sides of the semiconductor layer  202 , and the semiconductor portions  202   p  may serve as a source contact or a drain contact. Furthermore, the conductive element  206   a  and the conductive element  206   b  may penetrate the gate dielectric layer  104 , the insulating layer  106 , and the insulating layer  108  to be electrically connected to the source contact and the drain contact, respectively. The conductive element  206   a  and the conductive element  206   b  may be further electrically connected to a data line and a scan line, respectively. In some embodiments, the conductive element  206   a  of the thin-film transistor  200 T may be further electrically connected to a capacitor element, but it is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the material of the semiconductor layer  202  may include amorphous silicon, polysilicon, such as low-temp polysilicon (LTPS), metal oxide, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The metal oxide may include, for example, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc tin oxide (IGZTO), other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, different thin-film transistors may have different semiconductor materials as described above. 
     In some embodiments, the material of the gate dielectric layer  104  may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, high-k dielectric materials, other suitable dielectric materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The aforementioned high-k dielectric materials may include metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal silicides, transition metal oxides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal silicides, metal oxynitrides, metal aluminates, zirconium silicates, zirconium aluminates, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the material of the gate electrode layer  204  may include amorphous silicon, polysilicon, metal, metal nitride, metal oxide, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The aforementioned metal may include molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), platinum (Pt), hafnium (Hf), alloys of the foregoing metals, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The aforementioned metal nitride may include molybdenum nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the material of the conductive element  206   a  and the conductive element  206   b  may include metal materials. For example, the metal material may include copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au)), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), iridium (Ir), rhodium (Rh), alloys of the foregoing metals, other suitable conductive materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the gale electrode layer  204 , the conductive element  206   a  and/or the conductive element  206   b  may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In addition, the buffer layer  102  may reduce the strain difference between the semiconductor layer  202  and the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, the material of the buffer layer  102  may include an organic material, an inorganic material, or a combination thereof. For example, the organic material may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyethersulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), isoprene, phenol-formaldehyde resin, benzocyclobutene (BCB), perfluorocyclobutane (PECB), other organic suitable buffer materials or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. For example, the inorganic material may include silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, other suitable inorganic buffer materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the materials of the insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110  may include an inorganic insulating material or an organic insulating material. The inorganic insulating material may include, for example, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The organic insulating material may include, for example, perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyethylene, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the buffer layer  102 , the insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and/or the insulating layer  110  may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the driving layer  200  may further include a semiconductor layer  202 ′, a gate electrode layer  204 ′, acid a conductive element  206   c . The semiconductor layer  202 ′ and the semiconductor layer  202  of the thin-film transistor  200 T may be formed in the same manufacturing process. The semiconductor layer  202 ′ may not have a channel region and may serve as an elevated structure. In some other embodiments, the semiconductor  202 ′ may serve as a capacitor structure. The materials of the semiconductor layer  202 ′ and the gate electrode layer  204 ′ are similar to those of the aforementioned semiconductor layer  202  and the gate electrode layer  204  and thus will not be repeated here. 
     Furthermore, the gate electrode layer  204 ′ may be electrically connected to the conductive element  206   c,  and the conductive element  206   c  may be electrically connected to a common electrode (not illustrated), but it is not limited thereto. Specifically, the conductive element  206   c  may also penetrate the insulating layer  106  and the insulating layer  108  to be electrically connected to the gate electrode layer  204 ′. In some embodiments, the conductive element  206   c  may be electrically connected to the common electrode through a via hole. The material of the conductive element  206   c  is similar to those of the aforementioned conductive element  206   a  and the conductive element  206   b , and thus will not be repeated here. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the display device  10  includes a light-emitting element  410 , a light-shielding element  400 , and a pair of alignment electrodes (an alignment electrode  300 A and an alignment electrode  300 B) disposed on the driving layer  200 . The light-shielding element  400  is disposed between the light-emitting element  410  and the thin-film transistor  200 T of the driving layer  200 . In other words, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the light-shielding element  400  at least partially overlaps the thin-film transistor  200 T and the light-emitting element  410 . In addition, the light-shielding element  400  can block a light L emitted from the light-emitting element  410  from irradiating the thin-film transistor  202 T, so that the probability of abnormality occurring in the thin-film transistor  202 T can be reduced. Moreover, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B can generate an electric field with a particular direction so that the light-emitting element  410  can be arranged along a specific direction. That is, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B can be used to align the light-emitting element  410 . 
     Specifically, in some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed on the insulating layer  110 , and the insulating layer  112  is disposed on the light-shielding element  400 . In some embodiments, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B are disposed on the insulating layer  112 , and there is a gap G between the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed below the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In some embodiments, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the light-shielding element  400  at least partially overlaps the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In some embodiments, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the light-shielding element  400  at least partially overlaps the gap G between the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In addition, as shown in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the alignment electrode  300 A is electrically connected to the gate electrode layer  204 ′ through a via hole V 1 . The via hole V 1  may penetrate through insulating layer  106 , insulating layer  108 , insulating layer  110  and insulating layer  112 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , the material of the light-shielding element  400  may include a reflective material, but it is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  may be a conductor, for example, a metal material. In some embodiments, the metal material may include copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), gold (Au), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), iridium (Ir), rhodium (Rh), alloys of the foregoing metals, other suitable conductive materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. It should be noted that, since the material of the light-shielding element  400  has reflective properties, it can reflect the light L emitting toward the light-shielding element  400 . Therefore, the light extraction efficiency of the display device  10  can be improved, for example, the light extraction efficiency can be increased by about 50%. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the thickness of the light-shielding element  400  may be in a range from 100 Angstroms (Å) to 100000 Å, or in a range from 1000 Å to 50000 Å, for example, 2000 Å, 20000 Å, or 50000 Å. In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness of the light-shielding element  400  refers to the maximum thickness of the light-shielding element  400  in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing). 
     In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a film thickness profiler (α-step), an ellipsometer or other suitable methods may be used to measure the distance or pitch between elements, or the thickness or width of the element. Specifically, in some embodiments, a scanning electron microscope may be used to obtain a cross-sectional image including the elements to be measured, and the distance or pitch between elements, or the thickness or width of the element in the image can be measured. 
     Furthermore, the material of the insulating layer  112  is similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 , and thus will not be repeated here. 
     In addition, in some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  may have a non-flat upper surface (for example, the surface close to the light-emitting element  410 ) or an inclined upper surface, thereby improving the uniformity of the angle of light output from the display device  10 . Furthermore, in some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  may cover most of the insulating layer  110 . For example, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the light-shielding element  400  and the alignment electrode  300 A may have an overlapping area greater than 50%, and the light-shielding element  400  and the alignment electrode  300 B may have an overlapping area greater than 50%. In this way, the large-area light-shielding element  400  formed of metal can effectively improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the display device  10 . 
     Furthermore, in this embodiment, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B are closer to the light-emitting element  410  than the light-shielding element  400 . In detail, in the normal direction of the substrate  100 , a minimum distance between the alignment electrodes  300 A and  300 B and the light-emitting element  410  is smaller than a minimum distance between the light-shielding element  400  and the light-emitting element  410 . 
     It should be noted that since the light-shielding element  400  is a conductor, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed farther away from the light-emitting element  410  to reduce the influence of the light-shielding element  400  on the electric field of the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B during alignment. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the materials of the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B may include a metal conductive material, a transparent conductive material, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but they are not limited thereto. The metal conductive material may include, for example, copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), tin (Sn), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), alloys of the foregoing metals, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The transparent conductive material may include transparent conductive oxide (TCO), for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), other suitable transparent conductive materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the insulating layer  114  is disposed on the insulating layer  112  and covers the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B, and the insulating layer  116  can be used as a planarization layer and is disposed on the insulating layer  114 . In addition, in some embodiments, the display device  10  includes a conductive element  206   d , a conductive element  206   e , and a conductive element  206   f . The conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f  may penetrate the insulating layers and may be electrically connected to the common electrode (not illustrated), the alignment electrode  300 B and the thin-film transistor  200 T, respectively. 
     Furthermore, the materials of the insulating layer  114  and the insulating layer  116  are similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 . The materials of the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f  are similar to those of the aforementioned conductive element  206   a  and the conductive element  206   b , and thus will not be repeated here. 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the light-emitting element  410  and the insulating layer  130  are disposed on the insulating layer  116 . In addition, the light-emitting element  410  is disposed between portions of the insulating layer  130 , and in a trench or an opening defined by the insulating layer  130  and emits the light L. 
     In some embodiments, the light-emitting element  410  may include a light-emitting diode, for example, a micro-LED, a mini light-emitting diode (mini-LED), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED, QDLED), but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light-emitting element  410  may be a bar-shaped light-emitting diode (bar LED). As shown in  FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, one sub-pixel unit PX may have a plurality of light-emitting elements  410 , and the plurality of light-emitting elements  410  may have a single color or multiple colors, for example, red, green, blue, white, or other suitable colors, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Specifically, in some embodiments, the light-emitting element  410  has a P-end  410 P, an N-end  410 N, and a quantum well region  410 Q, and the quantum well region  410 Q is located between the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N. The P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N refer to an end portion of the P-type semiconductor layer and an end portion of the N-type semiconductor layer, respectively. In some embodiments, the material of the N-type semiconductor layer may include gallium nitride (n-GaN) or aluminum indium phosphide (n-AlInP) doped with tetravalent atoms, and the P-type semiconductor material may include gallium nitride (p-GaN) or aluminum indium phosphide (p-AlInP) doped with divalent atoms, but they are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the quantum well recon  410 Q may include a single quantum well (SQW), a multiple quantum well (MQW), other suitable structures, or a combination thereof. Moreover, in some embodiments, the light-emitting element  410  may be mixed in a solution, and the solution may include any one or more of acetone, water, alcohol, and toluene, but it is not limited thereto. 
     It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the display device  10  can provide a pair of DC voltage or AC voltage, so that there is a potential difference between the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B, and an electric field can be generated between the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. The P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N of the light-emitting element  410  placed in the solution will be attracted by the electric field and arranged along a direction parallel to the electric field. In other words, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B can generate an electric field in a specific direction so that the light-emitting element  410  is arranged along a specific direction. In addition, referring to  FIG. 1 , the positions of the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N in different sub-pixel units PX may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the positions of the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N in different sub-pixel units PX may be opposite. 
     In detail, refer to  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3B .  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3B  are cross-sectional diagrams of the light-emitting element  410  of the display device  10  in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the electric field generated by the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B causes the light-emitting element  410  to be arranged in a specific direction, so that a virtual line VL connecting the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N is parallel to the surface  100 S of the substrate  100 . For example, the term “parallel” means that the angle between the virtual line VL and the surface  100 S of the substrate  100  may be between 0 degrees and 10 degrees. 
     In some embodiments, the virtual line VL connecting the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N refers to a line connecting a terminal center CP of the P-end  410 P and a terminal center CP of the N-end  410 N. Furthermore, in the embodiment where the end portion of the light-emitting element  410  substantially has a right angle (for example, as shown in  FIG. 3A ), the virtual line VL is a line connecting the center points of the end surfaces of the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N. In the embodiment where the end portion of the light-emitting element  410  has an arc angle RC (for example, as shown in  FIG. 3B ), the virtual line VL is a line connecting the most protruding points of the end surfaces of the P-end  410 P and the N-end  410 N. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2  again, as described above, the light-emitting element  410  may be disposed between portions of the insulating layer  130  and located in the trenches or openings defined by the insulating layers  130 . In some embodiments, the insulating layer  130  may serve as a pixel define layer (PDL) of the display device  10 . In some embodiments, the height (not labeled) of the insulating layer  130  may be greater than the height (not labeled) of the light-emitting element  410 . In addition, the height of the insulating layer  130  refers to the maximum height of the insulating layer  130  in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z in the drawing), and the height of the light-emitting element  410  refers to the maximum height of the light-emitting element  410  in the normal direction of the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, the insulating layer  130  can improve the overall color uniformity of the light-emitting element  410 . 
     In some embodiments, the material of the insulating layer  130  is similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 . In some embodiments, the insulating layer  130  may be, for example, a black matrix, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the material of the insulating layer  130  may include black photoresist material, black printing ink, black resin, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the insulating layer  130  can reduce the risk of light leakage. In some embodiments, the surface of the insulating layer  130  may be optionally covered by a reflective structure formed of a metal material or a stack of multiple insulating layers (for example, the insulating layers containing inorganic materials) to improve the light extraction efficiency of the display device  10 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the display device  10  further includes an insulating layer  132 , a conductive layer  220 , and an insulating layer  118 . The insulating layer  132  is disposed on the light-emitting element  410 . The conductive layer  220  is disposed on the light-emitting element  410  and the insulating layer  132 . The insulating layer  118  is disposed on the conductive layer  220 . 
     In some embodiments, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the insulating layer  132  overlaps the quantum well region  410 Q, a portion of the P-end  410 P and a portion of the N-end  410 N. The material of the insulating layer  132  is similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 , and thus will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the insulating layer  132  may be transparent or semi-transparent. 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, the conductive layer  220  covers the light-emitting element  410 , the insulating layer  132 , the insulating layer  130 , the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f . In addition, the conductive layer  220  may be electrically connected to the light-emitting element  410 , the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f . Specifically, the conductive layer  220  may cover the upper surface of the insulating layer  132 , and may cover at least portions of the P-end  410 P and N-end  410 N of the light-emitting element  410 . In some embodiments, the material of the conductive layer  220  may include transparent conductive oxide (TCO). For example, the transparent conductive oxide may include indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony zinc oxide (AZO), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), oxide indium zinc (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), other suitable transparent conductive materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the insulating layer  118  can serve as a planarization layer, and is disposed on the conductive layer  220 , covering the light-emitting element  410 , the insulating layer  132 , the insulating layer  130 , the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f.  The material of the insulating layer  118  is similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 , and thus will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the insulating layer  118  may be light-transmitting or semi-light-transmitting. 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B .  FIG. 4A  is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  20  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG. 4B  is an enlarged diagram of region R of  FIG. 4A . It should be understood that the same or similar components (or elements) in the following paragraph will be denoted by the same or similar reference numbers, and their materials, manufacturing methods and functions are the same or similar to those described above, and thus they will not be repeated in the following context. 
     The display device  20  shown in  FIG. 4A  is substantially the same as the display device  10  shown in  FIG. 2 . The difference between them includes that, the light-shielding element  400  of the display device  20  is disposed in a recess  110 R of the insulating layer  110 . In addition, the display device  20  further includes an insulating layer  111 , and the insulating layer  111  is disposed between the insulating layer  110  and the insulating layer  114  and filled in the recess  110 R. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4B , in some embodiments, the recess  110 R has an inclined side surface  110   s,  and the thickness of the light-shielding element  400  disposed in the recess  110 R may be variable. In some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  on the side surface  110   s  has a thickness T 1  at a position closer to the light-emitting element  410 , the light-shielding element  400  on the side surface  110 s has a thickness T 2  at a position farther from the light-emitting element  410 , and the thickness T 1  is smaller than the thickness T 2 . In accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness T 1  and the thickness T 2  refer to the thickness of the light-shielding element  400  in a direction perpendicular to the side surface  110   s.    
     In addition, there may be an included angle θ between a side surface  400   s   1  and a bottom surface  400   s   2  of the light-shielding element  400  disposed in the recess  110 R. In some embodiments, the included angle θ may be to a range from 90 degrees to 170 degrees, or in a range from 120 degrees to 150 degrees, for example, 100 degrees, 110 degrees, 120 degrees, 130 degrees, 140 degrees, or 150 degrees. 
     It should be noted that in this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  also includes a reflective material, such as a conductor. The light-shielding element  400  disposed in the recess  110 R can reflect and focus the light irradiating the light-shielding element  400 , or can assist in optical path correction (for example, correcting the light to become parallel). In some embodiments, a focal point CT of the light reflected by the light-shielding element  400  overlaps the light-emitting element  410 , which can further improve the collimation of the light output from the display device  20  or the light extraction efficiency of the display device  20 . 
     Moreover, as shown in  FIG. 4A , in some embodiments, the display device  20  optionally includes a substrate  600 , a wavelength conversion layer  602 , blocking elements  604 , an insulating layer  606 , and an adhesive layer  610 . In some embodiments, the adhesive layer  610 , the insulating layer  606 , the wavelength conversion layer  602 , and the substrate  600  are sequentially disposed on the insulating layer  118 , and the wavelength conversion layer  602  is disposed between the blocking elements  604 . 
     In some embodiments, the adhesive layer  610  may have an adhesive function, may fix the insulating layer  606  with the insulating layer  118 , and may have a moisture-proof function or an insulating function, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer  610  may include a light-cured adhesive material, a heat-cured adhesive material, a light-heat-cured adhesive material, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. For example, in some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer  610  may include an optical clear adhesive (OCA), an optical clear resin (OCR), other suitable materials, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the adhesive layer  610  may be transparent or semi-transparent. 
     In some embodiments, the insulating layer  606  is disposed between the adhesion layer  610  and the blocking element  604 , and between the adhesion layer  610  and the wavelength conversion layer  602 . Furthermore, the material of the insulating layer  606  is similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 , and thus will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the insulating layer  606  may be transparent or semi-transparent. 
     In addition, the wavelength conversion layer  602  can convert the light emitted from the light-emitting element  410  into light having a specific color or wavelength. In some embodiments, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the wavelength conversion layer  602  at least partially overlaps the light-emitting element  410 . In some embodiments, the wavelength conversion layer  602  at least partially overlaps the insulating layer  130  in the normal direction of the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, the wavelength conversion layer  602  may include polymer matrix or glass matrix, and phosphors, quantum dot materials, or fluorescent materials dispersed in the matrix, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the quantum dot material may have a core-shell structure. The core material may include CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnO, ZnTe, InAs, InP, GaP, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. The shell material may include ZnS, ZnSe, GaN, GaP, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     In addition, the blocking element  604  may be adjacent to the wavelength conversion layer  602  and disposed between the insulating layer  606  and the substrate  600 . In some embodiments, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the blocking element  604  at least partially overlaps the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f . In some embodiments, the blocking element  604  may be, for example, a black matrix. In some embodiments, the material of the blocking element  604  may include black photoresist material, black printing ink, black resin, photosensitive material, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the substrate  600  may serve as a cover substrate of the display device  20 . The material of the substrate  600  may include glass, quartz, sapphire, ceramic, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the material of the substrate  600  may be the same as or different from that of the substrate  100 . 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 5 , which is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  30  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The display device  30  shown in  FIG. 5  is substantially the same as the display device  10  shown in  FIG. 2 . The difference between them includes that, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B of the display device  30  are not disposed between the insulating layer  112  and the insulating layer  114 . Instead, the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B are disposed on the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   f , and the insulating layer  130 . Specifically, the alignment electrode  300 A is disposed on the insulating layer  116  and at least partially covers the conductive element  206   d  and the insulating layer  130 , and the alignment electrode  300 B is disposed on the insulating layer  116  and at least partially covers the conductive element  206   f  and the insulating layer  130 . Furthermore, the alignment electrode  300 A is electrically connected to the conductive element  206   d  and the conductive layer  220 , and the alignment electrode  300 B is electrically connected to the conductive element  206   f  and the conductive layer  220 . 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 6 , which is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  40  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 6 , in some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed on the insulating layer  116  and located between the light-emitting element  410  and the alignment electrodes  300 A and  300 B. In other words, in this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  is closer to the light-emitting element  410  than the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. Specifically, in the normal direction of the substrate  100 , the minimum distance between the alignment electrode  300 A (or the alignment electrode  300 B) and the light-emitting element  410  is greater than the minimum distance between the light-shielding element  400  and the light-emitting element  410 . In addition, although the light-shielding element  400  is disposed on the insulating layer  116  in the form of a layer in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 , the light-shielding element  400  may be disposed corresponding to the light-emitting element  410  in accordance with some other embodiments. That is, in the normal direction of the substrate  100 , the light-shielding element  400  and the light-emitting element  410  at least partially overlap. 
     Furthermore, in this embodiment, the material of the light-shielding element  400  includes an insulating material. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  may be an insulator. In some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  may have a multilayer structure, such as a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure. Specifically, the light-shielding element  400  may include sub-layers  400   a  and sub-layers  400   b . The sub-layer  400   a  and the sub-layer  400   b  may have different refractive indexes. For example, the sub-layer  400   a  and the sub-layer  400   b  may have relatively high and relatively low refractive indexes, respectively. The sub-layers  400   a  and the sub-layers  400   b  may be alternately stacked on each other. In some embodiments, the thickness of the sub-layer  400   a  having a relatively high refractive index may be smaller than the thickness of the sub-layer  400   b  having a relatively low refractive index. In some embodiments, the refractive index difference between the sub-layer  400   a  and the sub-layer  400   b  may be 0.3 or more, for example, 1 or more. In some embodiments, the stacked structure formed by the sub-layers  400   a  and the sub-layers  400   b  may include at least 5 layers, for example, 6 layers, 7 layers, 8 layers, 9 layers, or 10 layers, but it is not limited thereto. According to different embodiments, the number of sub-layers  400   a  and sub-layers  400   b  can be adjusted according to the desired range of reflectivity. 
     Specifically in some embodiments, the sub-layer  400   a  and the sub-layer  400   b  may include several dielectric materials with different refractive indexes. In some embodiments, the dielectric materials may include silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but they are not limited thereto. 
     It should be noted that in this embodiment, since the light-shielding element  400  is an insulator, even if the light-shielding element  400  is disposed closer to the light-emitting element  410 , it will not affect the electric field generated by the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In addition, since the light-shielding element  400  is closer to the light-emitting element  410 , it can further improve the light reflection efficiency or reduce the risk of light leakage. 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 7 , which is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  50  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 7 , in some embodiments, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed on the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B in the form of a layer. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  can replace the insulating layer  116  as a planarization layer, and the light-shielding element  400  is disposed between the light-emitting element  410  and the alignment electrodes  300 A and  300 B. In other words, in this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  is closer to the light-emitting element  410  than the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. Specifically, in the normal direction of the substrate  100 , the minimum distance between the alignment electrodes  300 A and  300 B and the light-emitting element  410  is greater than the minimum distance between the light-shielding element  400  and the light-emitting element  410  (in this embodiment, the minimum distance between the light-shielding element  400  and the light-emitting element  410  may be zero). 
     Furthermore, in this embodiment, the material of the light-shielding element  400  may include a light-absorbing material, but it is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  may be an insulator. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  may be, for example, a black matrix. In some embodiments, the material of the light-shielding element  400  may include black photoresist material, black printing ink, black resin, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. 
     Moreover, in this embodiment, the thickness of the light-shielding element  400  may be in a range from 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 10 μm, or in a range from 0.1 μm to 5 μm, for example, 0.2 μm or 2 μm, but it is not limited thereto. 
     It should be noted that in this embodiment, since the light-shielding element  400  is an insulator and a light-absorbing material, even if the light-shielding element  400  is disposed closer to the light-emitting element  410 , it will not affect the electric field generated by the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In addition, since the light-shielding element  400  has light absorption characteristics, it can further reduce the risk of light leakage when being disposed closer to the light-emitting element  410 . 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 8 , which is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  60  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The display device  60  shown in  FIG. 8  is substantially the same as the display device  50  shown in  FIG. 7 . The difference between them includes that the light-shielding element  400  of the display device  60  is not disposed between the alignment electrodes  300 A and  300 B and the light-emitting element  410  in the form of a layer. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed corresponding to the light-emitting element  410 . That is, in the normal direction of the substrate  100 , the light-shielding element  400  and the light-emitting element  410  at least partially overlap. Specifically, in the normal direction of the substrate  100  (for example, the Z direction in the drawing), the light-shielding element  400  at least partially overlaps the thin-film transistor  200 T and the light-emitting element  410 . In addition, the light-shielding element  400  can block the light L emitted from the light-emitting element  410  from irradiating the thin-film transistor  202 T, so that the probability of abnormality occurring in the thin-film transistor  202 T can be reduced. 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 9 , which is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  70  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The display device  70  shown in  FIG. 9  is substantially the same as the display device  50  shown in  FIG. 7 . The difference between them includes that the light-shielding element  400  in the display device  70  is conformally formed on the insulating layer  110 , the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. That is, the light-shielding element  400  undulates along the profile of the alignment electrode  300 A and the alignment electrode  300 B. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  is disposed between the insulating layer  110  and the insulating layer  116 , and does not serve as a planarization layer. 
     Next, refer to  FIG. 10 , which is a cross-sectional diagram of a display device  80  in accordance with some other embodiments of the present disclosure. The display device  80  shown  FIG. 10  is substantially the same as the display device  50  shown in  FIG. 7 . The difference between them includes that the light-shielding element  400  in the display device  80  is a conductor, and the display device  80  further includes an insulating layer  114 ′. The insulating layer  114 ′ can electrically isolate the light-shielding element  400  from the conductive element  206   d , the conductive element  206   e , and the conductive element  206   f.    
     Specifically, in this embodiment, the material of the light-shielding element  400  may include a light-absorbing material, and the light-shielding element  400  may be a conductor. In this embodiment, the light-shielding element  400  may be, for example, a black matrix. The material of the light-shielding element  400  may include black photoresist material, black printing ink, black resin, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. In addition, the material of the light-shielding element  400  may further include a conductive material. For example, the conductive material may include titanium, carbon, other suitable conductive materials, or a combination thereof, but it is not limited thereto. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the light-shielding element  400  includes a conductive material, the light-shielding element  400  can include a reflective structure and a light-absorbing structure at the same time. 
     In addition, the material of the insulating layer  114 ′ is similar to those of the aforementioned insulating layer  106 , the insulating layer  108 , and the insulating layer  110 , and thus will not be repeated here. 
     Furthermore, in this embodiment, the thickness of the light-shielding element  400  may be in a range from 0.01 micrometer (μm) to 10 μm, or in a range from 0.1 μm to 5 μm, for example, 0.2 μm or 2 μm, but it is not limited thereto. 
     To summarize the above, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the provided display device includes the light-shielding element disposed between the light-emitting element and the thin-film transistor, and the light-shielding element can block the light emitted from the light-emitting element from irradiating the thin-film transistor. Therefore, the risk of photocurrent or abnormality occurring in the thin-film transistor caused by light leakage can be reduced. 
     Although some embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The features of the various embodiments can be used in any combination as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the present disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods or steps. In addition, each claim constitutes an individual embodiment, and the claimed scope of the present disclosure includes the combinations of the claims and embodiments. The scope of protection of present disclosure is subject to the definition of the scope of the appended claims. Any embodiment or claim of the present disclosure does not need to meet all the purposes, advantages, and features disclosed in the present disclosure.