Patent Publication Number: US-7717828-B2

Title: Exercise device with pivoting assembly

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/834,928, filed Aug. 2, 2006 and entitled “EXERCISE DEVICE WITH PIVOTING ASSEMBLY,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; the present application also claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/908,915, filed Mar. 29, 2007 and entitled “VARIABLE STRIDE EXERCISE DEVICE WITH RAMP, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/832,496, entitled “Variable Stride Exercise Device with Ramp,” with inventors Chad R. Pacheco, Farid Farbod, William Dalebout, and Jeremy Butler and filed on Aug. 1, 2007, the same day as the filing date of present application, is also incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference. 
    
    
     THE FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to exercise equipment. More particularly, the invention relates to a non-impact exercise device with a reciprocating motion. 
     THE RELEVANT TECHNOLOGY 
     In light of the intense modern desire to increase aerobic activity, exercises including jogging and walking have become very popular. Medical science has demonstrated the improved strength, health, and enjoyment of life which results from physical activity. 
     Despite the modern desire to improve health and increase cardiovascular efficiency, modern lifestyles often fail to readily accommodate accessible running areas. In addition, weather and other environmental factors may cause individuals to remain indoors as opposed to engaging in outdoor physical activity. 
     Moreover, experience in treating exercise related injuries has demonstrated that a variety of negative effects accompany normal jogging. Exercise-related knee damage, for example, often results in surgery or physical therapy. Joints are often strained when joggers run on uneven surfaces or change direction. Other examples of common injuries resulting from jogging, particularly on uneven terrain, include foot sores, pulled muscles, strained tendons, strained ligaments, and back injuries. 
     As the population ages, there is a considerable need for exercise devices that have no impact on the joints. Hip and knee replacements are very expensive to the individual and to society in general. To the extent that joint replacements may be avoided, it is useful to have exercise devices that allow for an extreme workout without the potential strain imparted onto the load-bearing joints of the user. 
     There is a long standing need in the general area of exercise devices for a non-impact device with a reciprocating motion that approximates a variety of real world exercise movements. There are a variety of non-impact exercise devices that have a cyclical motion, such as elliptical trainers. Most of these types of exercise devices have the disadvantage of not being able to adjust the stride length of the exercising motion. With the same repetitive and unchangeable movement, the user is relegated to using the same sets of muscles to the detriment of other muscles. 
     Therefore, there is a need for an exercise device that enables the user to change the stride length and to experience entirely different striding motions using the same device. This way, a user may work different groups of muscles and also fight the boredom and potential overuse problems associated with the extreme repetition of many exercise devices. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     This invention is a non-impact, striding exercise device with a pivoting assembly capable of a variety of exercise motions. A user mounts the exercise device by stepping onto the foot platforms and holding onto the handles. The foot platforms are each attached to a foot support member. The foot support members are each pivotally attached to the bottom of a link arm having a top end that is pivotally attached to the framework of the exercise machine. The handles are also attached to the framework, in one embodiment, near the top end of the link arms. In this way, the user mounts the pivoting assembly of the exercise device. The user then engages in a reciprocating, striding motion by putting force into the foot platforms and/or the handles. Movement of either the handles or the foot platforms causes the foot platforms to roll along underlying ramps that are attached to the framework of the exercise device. It is the shape of these underlying ramps that dictate the path of the exercise movement that the user experiences. 
     The present invention provides a non-impact exercise device that allows a user to simulate the striding movements of walking, hiking, running or other exercise motions, in a minimal amount of space. This combines a reduction in injury potential with a total body workout capability in a single exercise device. 
     An advantage of the present invention is for the user to be able to choose the length of their stride. In order for the user to be able to adjust the length of their reciprocating stride, the user must be able to easily initiate the reciprocal movement of the pivoting assembly with a minimal input of force. The present exercise device is designed so that it is easy for the user to enter into a linearly reciprocating motion without having to overcome the substantial inertia commonly experienced while reversing direction while using other reciprocating exercise devices, such as elliptical exercise devices. Elliptical exercise devices often use a crank and a heavy flywheel that combine to fix the path of the user&#39;s motion into a cycle that impels itself and makes it difficult for the user to reverse direction. The present exercise device is designed such that the direction of the pivoting assembly and the foot platform is easily reversed with a minimal input of force from the user. This enables the user of the exercise device to be able to easily change their stride length from the infinitesimal all the way up to the user&#39;s maximum stride. The ability of the user of the exercise device to determine their own stride length is not only beneficial to users of different heights, but also allows the same user the flexibility to vary their workout on the exercise device by adjusting the length and frequency of the striding motion. 
     The present exercise device is capable of being adjusted to encompass a broad range of exercising motions. The striding motions are determined by the shape of the ramps. Just by changing the shape of the ramps, the striding motions could vary from substantially horizontal, like the motion associated with a cross-country ski simulator, all the way to a substantially vertical motion such as a user would experience while hiking up a very steep slope. A ramp may also be curved or arced to impart a particular ergonomic benefit upon the user. 
     The present exercise device is compact. The main components of the framework are contained within the boundaries created by the movement of the pivoting assemblies. Along with the overall simplicity of the design, this feature helps to create an exercise device that is substantially compact. 
     An advantage of certain embodiments of the present invention is that the user has unobstructed access to the exercise device. An advantage of certain embodiments of the present invention is the ease of entry and simplicity of the design which allows a smaller footprint. 
     These and other features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a side perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention showing an exercise device with a pivoting assembly; 
         FIG. 2  is another perspective view of the exercise device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 1  depicting movement of the foot platforms upon the ramps of the framework and showing that the movement of the pivoting assemblies and foot platforms follow substantially the same arced path; 
         FIG. 4  is a front view of an embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a rear view of an embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of an embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of an exercise device of the present invention in which the pivoting assemblies have independent movement; 
         FIG. 8  is a rear view of an embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the exercise device and has a pulley and cable system that imparts a dependent, reciprocal movement upon the exercise device; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the present invention having four-bar foot support members; 
         FIG. 11  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 10  of the present invention showing the incline adjustment assembly and showing the change in angle of the foot platform caused by the four bar linkage; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the exercise device that has dependent movement; 
         FIG. 13  is a rear view of the embodiment of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention having a shortened pivot assembly. 
         FIG. 15  is another perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 14  showing the shortened pivot assembly. 
         FIG. 16  is a side perspective view of the exercise device of  FIG. 14  showing the resistance assembly. 
         FIG. 17  is side view of the embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 18  is rear view of the embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 19  is top view of the embodiment of the exercise device of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic view of the resistance assembly of the embodiment of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 21  is a rear schematic view of the resistance assembly of the embodiment of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIGS. 22-27  feature an embodiment of an exercise device that is similar to the exercise device of  FIGS. 14-21 . Although the cables of the resistance assembly are not shown in  FIGS. 22-27 , the cables and other components of the resistance assembly described with respect to  FIGS. 20-21  (and  FIGS. 14-19 ) can be used in the embodiment of  FIGS. 22-27 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFRRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The exercise device of the present invention is a non-impact, striding exercise device that enables a variety of exercise movements. Referring initially to  FIGS. 1-6 , exercise device  10  comprises (i) a framework  12 , (ii) a pair of spaced apart handles  14 ,  16  that pivot on framework  12 , (iii) a pair of spaced apart link arms  18 ,  20  that pivot on beam assembly  22 , (iv) a pair of spaced apart foot support members  24 ,  26  that are pivotally attached to respective link arms  18 ,  20 , (v) a pair of spaced apart foot platforms  28 ,  30  that are attached to respective foot support members  24 ,  26 . 
     First link arm  18  and first foot support member  24  form a first pivoting assembly  32 . Second link arm  20  and second foot support member  26  form a second pivoting assembly  34 . Pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  further comprise first foot platform  28  for first pivoting assembly  32  and second foot platform  30  for second pivoting assembly  34 . Pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  further comprise a first handle  14  for first pivoting assembly  32  and a second handle  16  for second pivoting assembly  34 . Resistance to the movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34 , comes from a resistance assembly  36 . 
     Framework  12  comprises a ramp assembly  38  and a beam assembly  22 . Ramp assembly  38  comprises a ramp frame member  40 , a first ramp  42 , and a second ramp  44  attached to each first and second side of ramp frame member  40 . The free end of each foot support member  24 ,  26 , is freely movable and can be lifted off each respective ramp  42 ,  44 . As a result of the use of freely movable ends of each foot support member  24 ,  26 , the path that respective foot platforms  28 ,  30  travel is defined by the shape of the underlying ramps  42 ,  44 , respectively. The shape of ramps  42 ,  44  may be arced. The shape of ramps  42 ,  44  may also be curved and have a variety of different shapes, such as straight, linear, and other possible shapes. In an embodiment of the exercise device of the present invention, instead of two spaced apart ramps, there may be a single ramp. 
     The user can move in a reciprocating manner through a variety of stride paths with very small, incremental movements (e.g., 1 inch) or very large movements (e.g., 3 feet or more), as opposed to elliptical devices that have a predefined and immutable path. The user&#39;s stride length is limited by the length of ramps  42 ,  44 . As will be discussed later, in an embodiment of the present invention, the use of four-bar foot support members enables the foot platforms to remain at an ergonomically favored angle throughout the stride path. 
     Framework  12  and resistance assembly  36  are substantially located in between first pivoting assembly  32  and second pivoting assembly  34 . This allows easy access to the exercise device. 
     In another alternative embodiment, as will be discussed later, the framework may be selectively inclined, e.g., through the use of an adjustable screw motor inserted in between parts of the framework. 
     In another alternative embodiment, as will be discussed later, the framework may include side-arm supports and rear supports which allow the use of shortened link arms and foot support members, further reducing the footprint of the framework, e.g., through the attachment of the shortened link arms and support members to the additional framework. 
     By way of example and not limitation, the invention is described by making reference to figures illustrating a general way in which the invention may be implemented, and to diagrams that illustrate the structure of embodiments used to implement the exercise device. The diagrams should not be construed as limiting of the present invention&#39;s scope, but as illustrating an example of certain presently understood embodiments of the invention. 
     Turning now to the drawings,  FIGS. 1-6  refer to embodiment  10  of the exercise device that has a dependent movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  and also has a beam assembly  22  and ramp assembly  38  that are rigidly connected. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of exercise device  10 . The movement of a first side&#39;s pivoting assembly  32  is reciprocally dependent upon the movement of the second side&#39;s pivoting assembly  34 .  FIG. 1  shows ramps  42 ,  44 , link arms  18 ,  20 , foot support members  24 ,  26 , foot platforms  28 ,  30 , framework  12 , beam assembly  22 , ramp assembly  38  and resistance assembly  36 . 
     A reciprocal swinging tube  46  connects the movement of first pivot assembly  32  to second pivot assembly  34 . Thus, the movement of the first side of device  10  is linearly opposite to the second side of device  10 . When first foot platform  28  is at the top of first ramp  42 , second foot platform  30  is at the bottom of second ramp  44 . As first foot support member  24  begins to move down first ramp  42  on the first side of exercise device  10 , second foot support member  26  begins to move up second ramp  44  on the second side of exercise device  10 . 
     Framework  12  as shown in  FIG. 1  comprises ramp assembly  38 , a leg member  48 , a first stabilizer member  50  attached to leg member  48 , a second stabilizer member  52 , and beam assembly  22 . Beam assembly  22  is substantially square shaped and rigidly connected, having a front beam  54 , a back beam  56 , a top beam  58  and a bottom beam  60 . The bottom portion of beam assembly  22  is mounted to the top portion of ramp assembly  38 . The bottom portion of ramp assembly  38  is attached, crosswise, to second stabilizer member  52 . Second stabilizer member  52  rests upon the support surface. 
     A main pivot shaft  62  is coupled to the proximal portion of top beam  58 , e.g., by extending transversely there through. Main pivot shaft  62  is surrounded by a first pivot sleeve  64  and a second pivot sleeve  66 . First and second pivot sleeves  64 ,  66  are movably mounted on opposing sides of main pivot shaft  62 . First pivot sleeve  64  and second pivot sleeve  66  each have a respective handle  14 ,  16 , a respective link arm  18 ,  20 , a respective drive sprocket  68 ,  70 , and a respective reciprocal swinging stub  72 ,  74  mounted thereon. 
     Link arms  18 ,  20  have a top end and an opposed, bottom end. At the top end, link arms  18 ,  20  are connected to respective pivot sleeve  64 ,  66  which surround main pivot shaft  62 . At their bottom end, link arms  18 ,  20  are pivotally connected to the distal end of respective foot support member  24 ,  26 . 
     The proximal end of foot support members  24 ,  26  are attached to respective foot platforms  28 ,  30 . In embodiments  10 ,  10   a ,  10   b  foot platforms  28 ,  30  are connected to respective foot support members  24 ,  26  such that the angle of foot platform  28 ,  30  relative to the support surface does not significantly change throughout the striding motion. 
     The user stands on foot platforms  28 ,  30 . Foot support members  24 ,  26  roll along respective ramps  42 ,  44  on respectively attached wheels  76 ,  78 . First wheel  76  and second wheel  78  attach to the proximal end of respective foot support members  24 ,  26 , near where respective foot platforms  28 ,  30  are attached. Foot platforms  28 ,  30  and the proximal end of foot support members  24 ,  26  are free to move in the same plane defined by ramps  42 ,  44 . Foot platforms  28 ,  30  and the proximal end of foot support members  24 ,  26  may move freely, and may be lifted off ramps  42 ,  44 . However, when wheels  76 ,  78  attached to respective foot platforms  28 ,  30  are resting upon respective ramps  42 ,  44 , the movement of the proximal end of foot support members  24 ,  26  and foot platforms  28 ,  30  are determined by the shape of respective underlying ramps  42 ,  44  upon which respective foot platforms  28 ,  30  rest. 
     Handles  14 ,  16  are mounted to respective pivot sleeves  64 ,  66  at an ergonomically favorable angle. Force may be imparted into exercise device  10  through handles  14 ,  16 . Handles  14 ,  16  travel through a path similar to what the user&#39;s arms and hands would experience while walking or running. The movement of handles  14 ,  16  is coupled to the movement of respective link arms  18 ,  20  because both are mounted to respective pivot sleeves  64 ,  66  covering main pivot shaft  62 . 
     Ramps  42 ,  44  are mounted to ramp frame member  40  of ramp assembly  38 . First ramp  42  is mounted on the first side of ramp frame member  40  and second ramp  44  is mounted to the second side of ramp frame member  40 . Ramps  42 ,  44  may be substantially shorter than the length of ramp frame member  40 . Ramps  42 ,  44  may run substantially the entire length of ramp frame member  40 . Ramps  42 ,  44  may also be longer than ramp frame member  40  of ramp assembly  38 . 
     Ramps  42 ,  44  may be shaped in a wide range of different arcs. The shape of ramps  42 ,  44  may be substantially arced with a large vertical gain. The shape of ramps  42 ,  44  may also be arced such that the overall shape is substantially horizontal. 
     Ramps  42 ,  44  may also be a curved shape such that the path foot platforms  28 ,  30  travel along respective ramps  42 ,  44  is a range of curved shapes. Ramps  42 ,  44  may have many curves comprising its overall shape. The shapes of the curves are dependent upon what kind of movement/workout the user wants. The human body&#39;s natural hip, knee and ankle movements may be factored into the design of ramps  42 ,  44 . The movement of the joints throughout the stride can be engineered to conform to the natural motion of the hips, knees and ankles such that awkward, painful and unnatural angles are avoided. In an alternative embodiment, ramps  42 ,  44  are straight. In an alternative embodiment, ramps  42 ,  44  are joined together to form a single ramp. 
     In an embodiment of the present invention, resistance assembly  36  may comprise a first drive sprocket  68 , a second drive sprocket  70 , a first belt  82 , a second belt  84 , a drive pulley  86  and a braking device  88 . Belts  82 ,  84  are linked to respective drive sprockets  68 ,  70 . Although illustrated with belts  82  and  84 , it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that alternative means may be used, such as cables. Cables may comprise any elongate member, such as belts, ropes or chains, for example. Resistance assembly  36  is substantially enclosed within the central portion of beam assembly  22  of exercise device  10 . 
     The movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  imparts a rotational force on respective pivot sleeves  64 ,  66 , thereby rotating respective drive sprockets  68 ,  70 , which in turn move respective power belts  82 ,  84  which are linked to and engage drive pulley  86  which is linked to braking device  88 . 
     The movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  comprises two strokes, a power stroke and a return stroke. The power stroke is the movement when pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  impart energy into resistance assembly  36 . The return stroke is the opposite movement and does not impart energy into resistance assembly  36 . In embodiment  10 , the power stroke would correlate to the downward motion of foot platforms  28 ,  30 . In this particular embodiment, the user would push down on either of foot platforms  28 ,  30 , and thereby impart energy into resistance assembly  36 . 
     Near the periphery of each opposing end of drive pulley shaft  90 , there is a one-way clutch that allows drive pulley shaft  90  to spin freely in one rotational direction and to engage drive pulley  86  in the other rotational direction. Energy is imparted into resistance assembly  36  when first drive sprocket  68  or second drive sprocket  70  moves respective power belt  82 ,  84  in a direction that engages drive pulley shaft  90 . For example, a counterclockwise rotation of drive pulley shaft  90  would engage drive pulley  86  on a first side of device  10   a  and a clockwise rotation of drive pulley shaft  90  would engage drive pulley  86  on a second side of exercise device  10 . 
     Drive pulley  86  is coupled to braking device  88  by a belt that runs around the circumference of drive pulley  86  and connects to a drive shaft of braking device  88 . Braking device  88  is also a flywheel, storing angular momentum as the exercise device is being used. Braking device  88  may be used as a brake in order to retard the rotation of drive pulley  86 . Braking device  88  may be an eddy brake, for example. In an embodiment, braking device  88  is responsible for generating the current necessary to power the display and computer of the exercise device. 
       FIG. 2  is a side perspective of embodiment  10 , highlighting resistance assembly  36  substantially contained within the central part of beam assembly  22 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a side view of embodiment  10 .  FIG. 3  represents the movement of link arms  18 ,  20 , handles  14 ,  16 , and foot support members  24 ,  26 , as foot platforms  28 ,  30  move along respective ramps  42 ,  44 . A bidirectional arrow on ramp frame member  40  of ramp assembly  38  shows the movement of foot support members  24 ,  26  along respective ramps  42 ,  44 . Foot platforms  28 ,  30  are attached to the proximal end of respective foot support members  24 ,  26  and are free to move through any path in the plane of respective pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34 . When a user imparts force through handles  14 ,  16  or foot platforms  28 ,  30 , wheels  76 ,  78  roll along a path defined by the shape of underlying ramps  42 ,  44 , respectively. The movement of wheels  76 ,  78  along respective ramps  42 ,  44  of  FIG. 3  traces out a generally arced shape, but may be any variety of arcs or curves depending on the shape of underlying ramps  42 ,  44 . 
       FIG. 3  further helps to illustrate the moving parts of embodiment  10 . Handles  14 ,  16 , link arms  18 ,  20 , foot support members  24 ,  26  and foot platforms  28 ,  30  are all in motion while exercise device  10  is in use. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates another advantage of the present invention over the prior art. The exercise device has a variable stride length. The overall stride length may be varied from a barely perceptible movement all the way out to the limit of the lengths of ramps  42 ,  44 . In some embodiments of the exercise device, the user&#39;s stride may be greater than 3 feet. The length of the stride is limited by the length of attached ramps  42 ,  44 . The advantages of having a large and variable range of motion will be appreciated by any user of exercise devices. Users of different heights can determine what the comfortable range of motion is for them. A user is not limited to a “one size fits all” reciprocating device where the path of the movement is fixed. The infinitely variable stride length allows a user of any height to get a complete range of motion while using the exercise device. If the user wants a full range of motion in order to increase the difficulty of the striding motion, or for a more complete stretch of the tendons, ligaments and muscles of the legs, the user has the option of inputting enough force to create a long stride. 
     If the user wants to work at a higher frequency with a smaller range of motion, the user can abrogate the stride motion by changing the directional input through foot platforms and/or handles  14 ,  16 . Elliptical exercise devices commonly have a crank that fixes the motion as well as a flywheel that makes changing the direction of the motion difficult. The user of an elliptical device is typically limited to movement within the elliptical cycle of motion prescribed by the crank. The user of a typical elliptical device must overcome the substantial inertia of the flywheel in order to change direction. Because the exercise device of the present invention has foot support members  24 ,  26  with free ends, and because ramps  42 ,  44  may be configured in alternative embodiments to have various shapes and curves, there is no fixed path that the user&#39;s stride is limited to. Unlike an elliptical device, the stride length of the present exercise device is not predefined and unchangeable. 
     An additional benefit of the present invention is that it is substantially more compact than other exercise devices on the market.  FIG. 3  depicts the long potential stride length relative to the overall longitudinal footprint of embodiment  10  of the exercise device. Ramp length may be as much as around 50% of the overall length of the exercise device, for example. The amount of movement that the user experiences is very large compared to the small lengthwise footprint of the exercise device. This is a substantial improvement. 
       FIG. 3  focuses upon the arced swinging motion of foot platforms  28 ,  30  along ramps  42 ,  44  and shows the substantially same arced swinging motion of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34 . The shape of the arcs is primarily determined by the shape of ramps  42 ,  44 . Alternate shaped ramps, which can be used in the present invention, produce an alternately shaped arc. 
       FIG. 4  shows a front perspective of embodiment  10 . This perspective highlights the control console  92 , beam assembly  22 , foot platforms  28 ,  30 , stabilizer members  50 ,  52  and ramps  42 ,  44 . 
       FIG. 4  also depicts the narrow horizontal footprint of the exercise device. Compared to other exercise devices that have a cage around their moving parts, this exercise device is narrow. Since framework  12  is substantially enclosed between first pivoting assembly  32  and second pivoting assembly  34 , the overall footprint of the exercise device is substantially smaller than other devices on the market. For example, in typical elliptical exercise devices, the moving parts of the exercise device are within a large assembly that prevents the device from falling over. One advantage of the current exercise device is that the size, and hence the footprint on the support surface, is substantially contained within the moving parts of the device. This decreased footprint offers substantial benefits to both the home user and the commercial user. The present exercise device takes up less space in the home of the user as well as increasing the amount of floor space available in a commercial gym that offers the present exercise device instead of other devices. 
       FIG. 5  depicts embodiment  10  from a rear perspective. Reciprocal swinging tube  46  is highlighted in this perspective. Reciprocal swinging tube  46  is responsible for the dependent, reciprocal nature of the movement of first pivoting assembly  32  to second pivoting assembly  34 . Wheels  76 ,  78  attached to respective foot support members  24 ,  26  are also prominently displayed in this perspective. 
     The path of wheels  76 ,  78  upon respective ramps  42 ,  44  is shown from another view in  FIG. 5 . Ramps  42 ,  44  offer two termini for the travel of respective wheels  76 ,  78 ; the upper terminus, near the top of respective ramps  42 ,  44 , and the lower terminus, near where respective ramps  42 ,  44  connect to second stabilizer member  52 . 
     The movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  can duplicate a movement that is essentially the natural gait of a walking person. While the user of the present exercise device is standing upon foot platforms  28 ,  30 , they may put the exercise device into motion by imparting a force through handles  14 ,  16  and/or foot platforms  28 ,  30 . For example, when the user moves their second foot in a proximal direction from the neutral position, the first foot will move distally from the neutral position. The neutral position is defined as the position of the device and user when foot platforms  28 ,  30  are laterally adjacent to one another. In this way, the movement of foot platforms  28 ,  30  are reciprocally related to one another. 
     The user may also impart a force into handles  14 ,  16  which will help or hinder the movement of foot platforms  28 ,  30  along ramps  42 ,  44 . In the normal use of the exercise device, a user may impart force through handles  14 ,  16  in an arm forward, opposite-foot forward as they would in a normal gait. 
     In a typical elliptical exercise device, there is a significant amount of momentum associated with the movement of the crank and foot supports. The angular momentum conserved in the motion of the foot platforms of elliptical devices makes it is easier to maintain movement in the elliptical pattern as determined by the crank. For the user who wants to frequently change the direction of the elliptical motion, the substantial momentum of the flywheel makes it very difficult to change direction. A significant amount of force must be put into an elliptical device in order to change the direction from clockwise to counterclockwise, or vice versa. 
     An advantage of the present exercise device is that the user may easily change the length and frequency of the reciprocal stride with only a minimal input of force. The exercise device of the present invention has a movement that is reciprocating in nature, but it is not limited to the path created by a crank, nor is it inseparably tied to the momentum created by a flywheel. In order to reciprocate their stride, the user of the exercise device need only to move their foot/hand in an opposite direction with a force commensurate with changing the movement of the foot/hand during a normal walking or running gait. In contrast, the user of an elliptical device must strain to put in enough force to change the direction of rotation of the flywheel/crank/foot platform apparatus. Thus, the present exercise device offers a non-impact, natural-gait movement and requires input forces commensurate with the natural movement of walking or running. 
     The exercise device of the present invention contains braking device  88  (see  FIG. 2 ) that acts as a flywheel, storing momentum imparted upon it during the power stroke. During the power stroke, force from the user is put into the exercise device by means of their weight, leg muscles and/or arm muscles. Braking device  88  and drive pulley  86  only spin in one direction. Braking device  88  acts as a flywheel and stores inertia in order to facilitate the start of the power stroke. The inertial momentum of braking device  88  does not affect the minimal force necessary to change the reciprocal movement of foot platforms  28 ,  30 . It is only during the power stroke that resistance assembly  36  is engaged and that energy is imparted into braking device  88 . On the return stroke of first pivoting assembly  32 , or second pivoting assembly  34 , drive pulley shaft  90  spins freely and does not affect the rotation of drive pulley  86  and therefore the rotation of braking device  88 . Since there is very little resistance during the return stroke, and because braking device  88  is acting as a store of inertia for the power stroke, only a small amount of force is necessary to initiate the reciprocal movement of the exercise device. 
       FIG. 5  also shows the open access of device  10 . This embodiment of the present invention is easily accessible compared to other reciprocating exercise devices. A user of the exercise device may approach from either side and from the rear. This access feature allows for the exercise device to be placed in areas not readily available to other exercise devices with restricted access. The ease of accessibility allows for more flexibility in the layout of a commercial gym containing a large number of different exercise devices. The exercise device of the present invention could be placed in positions in which entry to an enclosed exercise device would not be possible. The advantage of easy accessibility to the exercise device will also be appreciated by the home user. The home user has more choices of where to place the exercise device due to the increased access potential coupled with the compact footprint. 
       FIG. 5  depicts device  10  wherein the reciprocal movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  are dependent upon one another. In this embodiment, reciprocal swinging tube  46  is responsible for imparting a dependent movement upon pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  of each first and second side of the exercise device. Reciprocal swinging tube  46  is connected to each first and second pivot sleeve  64 ,  66  through a respective reciprocal swinging tube stub  72 ,  74  (see  FIG. 2 ) via a linkage system. For example, when first handle  14  is pushed forward, second handle  16  reciprocates backwards in an equal amount. When first pivoting assembly  32  is pushed forward, second pivoting assembly  34  reciprocates backwards in an equal amount. When first pivot sleeve  64  rotates, reciprocal swinging tube  46  causes second pivot sleeve  66  to rotate in an equal amount in an opposite direction. The effect of the dependent movement upon the user is to have an interconnected arm/foot motion that is an arm forward, opposite foot forward; just like the natural arm/foot motion of walking or running. 
       FIG. 5  also depicts control console  92 . In an embodiment of the present invention, control console  92  may be supplied with electricity through the coupling of drive pulley  86  to an embodiment of braking device  88  that is capable of generating an electrical current. If the user gets tired of moving their arms, they can release their grip on handles  14 ,  16  and rest them upon the bar surrounding control console  92 . Control console  92  may contain a rest bar that is capable of measuring the heart rate of the user. Additionally, control console  92  may contain common controls for the exercise device such as resistance adjustment, and pre-programmed exercise routines. Control console  92  may also display parameters used to measure exercise performance, such as distance climbed, distance traveled by foot platforms  28 ,  30 , total power put into resistance assembly  36 , stride frequency and an entire host of other common display parameters. 
       FIG. 6  is a front perspective of embodiment  10  highlighting resistance assembly  36 . Resistance assembly  36  couples the movement of pivoting assemblies  32 ,  34  to drive pulley  86  and braking device  88 . In an embodiment of the exercise device of the present invention, braking device  88  is part of resistance assembly  36 . 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  refer to an alternate embodiment  10   a  of the exercise device.  FIG. 7  is a perspective view of embodiment  10   a . Embodiment  10   a  does not contain a reciprocal swinging tube, nor does it contain the associated linkage and the reciprocal swinging tube stubs. Pivoting assemblies  32   a ,  34   a  of embodiment  10   a  move independently of one another. In embodiment  10   a , the user has the ability to individually determine the relative stride distance that each foot platform  28   a ,  30   a  travels along respective ramp  42   a ,  44   a . Therefore, the user may experience different exercise techniques. For example, the user may choose to exercise only one side of their body while using embodiment  10   a . The relation of the movement of pivoting assemblies  32   a ,  34   a  of embodiment  10   a  is left up to the discretion of the user and therefore increases the potential number and type of exercise routines available. 
       FIG. 8  shows a rear perspective of embodiment  10   a . Wheels  76   a ,  78   a  that rest upon respective ramps  42   a ,  44   a  are prominently displayed in this view. In contrast to  FIG. 5  which displays a rear perspective of embodiment  10   a , the rear perspective of embodiment  10   a  displayed in  FIG. 8  does not contain a reciprocal swinging tube. 
       FIG. 9  depicts another alternate embodiment  10   b  of the exercise device of the present invention. Embodiment  10   b  has a pulley and cable system  94   b  that imparts a dependent, reciprocal movement upon pivoting assemblies  32   b ,  34   b . The control console, belts and cables have been omitted from  FIG. 9  for the convenience of illustrating embodiment  10   .    
     Embodiments  10   c  and  10   d , as illustrated in  FIGS. 10-11  and  FIGS. 12-13 , respectively, have four-bar foot support members. As depicted in  FIG. 10  embodiment  10   c  has a first four-bar foot support member  96   c , and a second four-bar foot support member  98   c . Four-bar foot support members  96   c ,  98   c  are each comprised of upper members  100   c ,  102   c  and lower members  104   c ,  106   c , respectively. First upper member  100   c  and first lower member  104   c  are substantially parallel to one another. Second upper member  102   c  and second lower member  106   c  are substantially parallel to one another. The distal ends of first upper member  100   c  and first lower member  104   c  of first four-bar foot support member  96   c  are pivotally connected to link arm  18   c . The distal ends of second upper member  102   c  and second lower member  106   c  of second four-bar foot support member  98   c  are pivotally connected to link arm  20   c . The proximal ends of upper members  100   c ,  102   c  and lower members  104   c ,  106   c  of respective four-bar foot support members  96   c ,  98   c  are connected to one another through a respective pedal stem  108   c ,  110   c . Each of the top and bottom ends of pedal stems  108   c ,  110   c  are pivotally connected to respective upper members  100   c ,  102   c  and respective lower members  104   c ,  106   c  of respective four-bar foot support members  96   c ,  98   c . Foot platforms  28   c ,  30   c  are attached to respective pedal stems  108   c ,  110   c . Upper members  100   c ,  102   c  and lower members  104   c ,  106   c  of respective four-bar foot support members  96   c ,  98   c  have different lengths. Therefore, when foot platforms  28   c ,  30   c  travel along respective ramps  42   c ,  44   c , the relative angle of respective pedal stems  108   c ,  110   c  and attached, respective foot platforms  28   c ,  30   c  changes. As a result of the four-bar linkage, as the user moves through the stride of exercise device  10   c  they experience a changing angle at foot platform  28   c ,  30   c  that corresponds to a more natural and ergonomically beneficial movement. 
     Embodiments  10   c  and  10   d , as illustrated in  FIGS. 10-11  and  FIGS. 12-13 , respectively, have a modified beam assembly. As depicted in  FIG. 10 , modified beam assembly  112   c  of embodiment  10   c , contains a front beam member  54   c , a top beam member  58   c , a bottom beam member  60   c , a ramp frame member  40   c  and an additional spanning beam member  114   c  that spans between front beam member  54   c  and ramp frame member  40   c.    
     As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , embodiment  10   c  also has independent movement of pivoting assemblies  32   c ,  34   c.    
     Embodiments  10   c  and  10   d , as illustrated in  FIGS. 10-11  and  FIGS. 12-13 , respectively, have an adjustable screw motor that is capable of adjusting the incline of the framework. As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , in embodiment  10   c , the bottom end of adjustable screw motor  116   c  is mounted to leg member  48   c . The opposing top end is mounted to front beam  54   c . The proximal end of leg member  48   c  is pivotally attached to ramp frame member  40   c  of modified beam assembly  112   c . Thus, by adjusting the extension of adjustable screw motor  116   c , the angle formed by ramp frame member  40   c  and leg member  48   c  may be adjusted, thereby either inclining or declining ramps  42   c ,  44   c , ramp frame member  40   c  and modified beam assembly  112   c.    
     The neutral position of the present exercise device is the position in which the foot platforms are disposed laterally adjacent to one another. When the present exercise device is in the neutral position, the user&#39;s body is in the neutral body position (an example of another embodiment of an exercise device in the neutral position is shown in  FIG. 22 ). In embodiments  10   c  and  10   d , and as illustrated in  FIG. 11  depicting embodiment  10   c , the user&#39;s body may experience a variety of different positions depending upon the incline of modified beam assembly  112   c , ramp frame member  40   c  and ramps  42   c ,  44   c  relative to the support surface. As the incline of modified beam assembly  112   c , ramp frame member  40   c  and ramps  42   c ,  44   c  changes, the neutral body position of the user changes. 
     Different body positions impart different characteristics to the exercise movement of the present exercise device. Using embodiment  10   c  as depicted in  FIG. 11  as an example, if a user wants to place more of a burden on their arms, they can adjust the incline of modified beam assembly  112   c , ramp frame member  40   c  and ramps  42   c ,  44   c  to have a more horizontal aspect by decreasing the length of adjustable screw motor  116   c . Thus, the user becomes more angled towards the front end of the exercise device and increases the amount of weight on their arms as they move through the striding motion. If the user wants to place more of a burden on their legs, the user can increase the length of adjustable screw motor  116   c . This increases the incline of modified beam assembly  112   c , ramp frame member  40   c  and ramps  42   c ,  44   c , causing a commensurate increase in the vertical aspect of the stride and body position of the user, thus placing more of the user&#39;s weight onto their legs. 
       FIG. 11  portrays another perspective of embodiment  10   c , highlighting the changing angle of foot platforms  28   c ,  30   c  due to four-bar foot support members  96   c  and  98   c . This changing angle results in a more natural and ergonomically beneficial movement.  FIG. 11  also highlights adjustable screw motor  116   c  of framework  12   c . Adjustable screw  116   c  is an example of means for adjusting the neutral body position of the user of the exercise device with respect to a support surface. 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  illustrate embodiment  10   d . In  FIG. 12 , the perspective view of embodiment  10   d  shows that the dependent, reciprocal movement of pivoting assemblies  32   d ,  34   d  on each side of embodiment  10   d  is caused by reciprocal swinging tube  46   d.    
       FIG. 13  shows a rear perspective of embodiment  10   d , highlighting wheels  76   d ,  78   d , ramps  42   d ,  44   d , ramp frame member  40   d  and foot platforms  28   d ,  30   d.    
     Another embodiment of an exercise device  10   e  of the present invention, as illustrated in  FIGS. 14-21 , has shortened pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e , pivotally coupled in a strategic location to a framework  12   e , providing a compact, useful exercise device. As depicted in  FIGS. 14-15 , device  10   e  has shortened, reciprocating pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  secured to side support members  114   e ,  154   e . As a result of the shortened pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e , the invention contains a reduced footprint while maintaining the various benefits of similar embodiments. 
     Device  10   e  comprises a framework  12   e , as illustrated in  FIGS. 14-15 , that comprises a beam assembly  112   e , a first stabilizer member  50   e  attached to beam assembly  112   e , a ramp assembly  38   e  attached to beam assembly  112   e , and a pair of curved, elongated gripping rods  160   e , 162   e  attached to beam assembly  112   e  for grasping by a user. Ramp assembly  38   e  comprises a first ramp spaced apart from a second ramp. Additionally, the framework may be selectively inclined, e.g., through the use of an adjustable screw motor inserted in between parts of the framework, such as discussed above. 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 14-15 , beam assembly  112   e  of embodiment  10   e  comprises a front beam member  54   e , a top beam member  58   e  connected to front beam member  54   e , a pair of bottom beam members  60   e ,  61   e  connected to front beam member  54   e , a rear stabilizer member  52   e  connected to bottom beam members  60   e ,  61   e , a pair of spaced apart rear support members,  156   e ,  158   e  connected to rear stabilizer member  52   e , a pair of spaced apart side support members  114   e ,  154   e  connected to respective spaced apart rear support members  156   e ,  158   e  and a main pivot shaft  62   e , which is connected to top beam member  58   e  and to side support members  114   e ,  154   e . A ramp assembly  38   e , comprising first and second ramps  42   e ,  44   e  with a space therebetween, is connected to beam assembly  112   e  by being connected to main pivot shaft  62   e  and bottom beam members  60   e ,  61   e  and/or rear stabilizer member  52   e . Thus, the addition of the side support members  114   e ,  154   e  attached to the main pivot shaft  62   e  as well as the rear support members  156   e ,  158   e  allow for a smaller footprint for the invention. 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 14-15 , ramp assembly  38   e  of embodiment  10   e  comprises a first ramp  42   e , and a second ramp  44   e , both of the first and second ramps being connected to main pivot shaft  62   e  and bottom beam members  60   e ,  61   e  and/or rear stabilizer member  52   e . The free end of each foot support member  24   e ,  26   e , is freely movable, has a wheel thereon for movement along a respective ramp and can be lifted off each respective ramp  42   e ,  44   e . As a result of the use of freely movable ends of each foot support member  24   e ,  26   e , the path that respective foot platforms  28   e ,  30   e  travel is defined by the shape of the underlying ramps  42   e ,  44   e , respectively, as discussed above with respect to previous embodiments. The ramp assembly  38   e  may comprise of a variety of configurations and shapes. The configurations of ramps  42   e ,  44   e  may vary in length. The shape of ramps  42   e ,  44   e  may be arced as shown. The shape of ramps  42   e ,  44   e  may be curved, straight, linear, or other possible shapes. 
     The proximal ends of respective foot support members  24   e ,  26   e  are attached to respective foot platforms  28   e ,  30   e , so that, in one embodiment, the angle of foot platform  28   e ,  30   e  relative to the support surface does not significantly change throughout the striding motion. 
       FIG. 19  shows a top perspective view that depicts the small footprint of the exercise device  10   e . Since framework  12   e  is substantially enclosed between first pivoting assembly  32   e  and second pivoting assembly  34   e , the overall footprint of the exercise device  10   e  is small. One advantage of the current exercise device  10   e  is that the size, and hence the footprint on the support surface, is substantially contained within the moving parts of the device  10   e . This decreased footprint offers substantial benefits to both the home user and the commercial user. Exercise device  10   e  takes up less space in the home of the user as well as increasing the amount of floor space available in a commercial gym that offers exercise device  10   e  instead of other devices. The amount of movement that the user experiences is very large compared to the small lengthwise footprint of exercise device  10   e.    
     As depicted in  FIGS. 14-15 , a first pivoting assembly  32   e , of exercise device  10   e  comprises a first link arm  18   e  pivotally coupled to framework  12   e  and first foot support member  24   e  pivotally coupled to first link arm  18   e . Second link arm  20   e  is pivotally coupled to framework  10   e  and second foot support member  26   e  is pivotally coupled to second link arm  20   e , thereby forming a second pivoting assembly  34   e . Pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  further comprise first foot platform  28   e  for first pivoting assembly  32   e  and second foot platform  30   e  for second pivoting assembly  34   e . Pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  further comprise, respectively, a first connecting arm  150   e  connecting to first link arm  18   e  and a first handle assembly  14   e  for first pivoting assembly  32   e  and a second connecting arm  152   e  connecting to second link arm  20   e  and a second handle assembly  16   e  for second pivoting assembly  34   e . Each handle assembly comprises a handle for gripping by a user and a stub portion connecting to a respective connecting arm  150   e ,  152   e.    
     Pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  move in a convenient, back and forth reciprocating pattern. Resistance to the movement of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e , comes from a resistance assembly  36   e  coupled to pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e.    
     Pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  further comprises respective wheels  76   e ,  78   e  coupled to respective foot support members  24   e ,  26   e . Each wheel  76   e  movably couples the end of the foot support member to a respective ramp  42   e ,  44   e  of the ramp assembly  38   e  by moving along the ramp assembly  38   e , each of said wheels being spaced apart from each other and being capable of movably rolling upon respective ramps of the ramp assembly  38   e.    
     Spaced apart foot support members  24   e ,  26   e  each have an end that is free, as discussed above with respect to previously described embodiments. Reciprocating, back and forth displacement of the free end of each foot support member  24   e ,  26   e  substantially corresponds to the curved shape of the respective ramps  42   e ,  44   e  of ramp assembly  38   e . Extending from each of the respective foot support members  24   e ,  26   e  is a connector  180   e ,  182   e  (see  FIGS. 14 ,  16 ) configured to be coupled to opposing ends of a cable (see  FIGS. 20-21 ) such that the movement of the wheel  76   e  of foot support member  24   e  along the first ramp  42   e  is linked to movement of the wheel  78   e  of foot support member  26   e  along the second ramp  44   e.    
       FIGS. 14-18  also depicts control console  92   e . In an embodiment of the present invention, control console  92   e  may be supplied with electricity and contain common controls for the exercise device such as resistance adjustment, and pre-programmed exercise routines. Control console  92   e  may also display parameters used to measure exercise performance, such as distance climbed, distance traveled by foot platforms  28   e ,  30   e , total power put into resistance assembly  36   e , stride frequency and an entire host of other common display parameters. Circuit board  190   e  links communication and instructions between control console  92   e  and resistance assembly  36   e . Console  92   e  may be powered, for example, from electricity generated by use of the device through the configuration of the resistance assembly. 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 16 and 17 , the rotation and movement of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  of embodiment  10   e  occurs substantially within the overall footprint of the exercise device  10   e . The pivot points  33   e ,  35   e  of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  are substantially positioned over a central portion of ramp assembly  38   e , as shown in  FIG. 17 , resulting in the pivot assembly remaining substantially within the framework during use. The movement and rotation of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  substantially remaining within the framework  12   e  during use provides for an efficient, small footprint. 
     As discussed above, the user can move in a reciprocating manner through a variety of stride paths with very small, incremental movements (e.g., 1 inch) or very large movements (e.g., 3 feet or more), as opposed to elliptical devices that have a predefined and immutable path. In the present invention, the user&#39;s stride length is not restricted by a fixed rotation of a crank, gear or other device as is found on elliptical devices. 
     The wheels  76   e ,  78   e  of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  travel along the lengths of respective ramps. The ramp length is the distance between the first and second opposing (i.e., upper and lower) ends of the ramps  42   e ,  44   e . In the case of curved ramps  42   e ,  44   e , the ramp length is the arc length defined between the opposing ends of the ramps. The “arc length” is the distance along the curved line making up the arc of a curved ramp (i.e., not the distance along a straight line extending between the ends of a curved ramp). 
     In one embodiment, device  10   e  features a ramp length of at least about 30 inches. In another embodiment, the ramp length of device  10   e  is at least about 35 inches. In another embodiment, the ramp length of device  10   e  is at least about 40 inches. In yet another embodiment, the ramp length of device  10   e  is at least about 45 inches (e.g., about 46 inches, etc.). 
     Each pivoting assembly  32   e ,  34   e  is movably mounted on the at least one ramp by having a portion of each of the pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e , e.g., a respective wheel  76   e ,  78   e , movably mounted on a respective ramp  42   e ,  44   e . The maximum stride length of device  10   e  is defined as the maximum distance that each wheel  76   e ,  78   e , moves along a respective ramp  42   e ,  44   e . In the case of curved ramps  42   e ,  44   e , the maximum stride length is the maximum arc length traveled by wheels  76   e ,  78   e  along a respective ramp  42   e ,  44   e.    
     In one embodiment, device  10   e  features a maximum stride length of at least about 30 inches. In another embodiment, the maximum stride length of device  10   e  is at least about 35 inches. In another embodiment, the maximum stride length of device  10   e  is at least about 40 inches. In yet another embodiment, the maximum stride length of device  10   e  is at least about 44 inches. 
     Such potentially useable lengths, e.g., 44 inches, are useful for both beginning and serious exercisers desiring a long maximum stride length in order to increase athletic performance, longer strides in various athletic events, and flexibility of legs and joints, whereas such lengths are not available with certain other devices, thereby providing an improvement in potential athletic conditioning, flexibility and performance. Such lengths provide an advantage over previous devices because a user can reach a full potential stride length, thereby providing a maximum stretching and striding benefit to a user. 
     Embodiment  10   e  allows a long potential maximum stride length relative to the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e , thereby maximizing exercise benefit achieved to workout space used. The footprint length  113   e  is defined as the longest dimension of the framework  12   e  measured along a support surface, e.g., the floor. 
     In one embodiment, the maximum stride length may be as much as at least 75% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e . The small overall footprint and movement of the pivot assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  takes up a smaller amount of space than bulkier exercise devices, therefore allowing a greater number of the current exercise devices to be used commercially in a gym or a more convenient location in a user&#39;s home. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the maximum stride length is at least about 25% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e . In another embodiment, the maximum stride length is at least 35% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e . In another embodiment, the maximum stride length is at least 45% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e . In another embodiment, the maximum stride length is at least 55% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e . In another embodiment, the maximum stride length is at least 65% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e . In yet another embodiment, the maximum stride length is at least 75% of the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  of the exercise device  10   e.    
     The long stride lengths of the present invention are available, as opposed to smaller stride lengths, because the invention is designed to enable long, extended movements and because the invention is designed to provide options for the user of the device. Rather than being limited to a relatively small stride length, the user of the present invention can selectively move a small distance or a large striding distance designed to stretch and move the user&#39;s limbs as short or as long as desired by the user. By employing a resistance assembly comprising the cabling of the present invention, as opposed to a fixed crank, as employed with elliptical machines, the user of the present invention can selectively move the user&#39;s legs a large distance or a small distance. A fix crank requires typical elliptical exercisers to move in a fixed pattern, while the cable resistance system of the present invention enables users to select the distance they desire for a maximum stride length. 
     As further illustrated in  FIGS. 16 and 17 , the pivot points  33   e ,  35   e  of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  are substantially positioned over a central portion  39   e  of ramp assembly  38   e , resulting in the pivot assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  remaining substantially within the footprint length  113   e  of the framework  12   e  during use. As a result of the configuration shown in  FIGS. 14-22 , the wheels of respective pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  move along the length of respective ramps of ramp assembly  38   e , providing a long length of travel while the overall device  10   e  nevertheless has an efficient, small footprint. Thus, device  10   e  features pivot points  33   e ,  35   e  positioned over a central portion  39   e  of ramp assembly  38   e , thereby providing a long length of travel for the wheels of assemblies  32   e ,  34   e . In one embodiment, when pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  are located in the neutral position such that the assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  are aligned when viewed from a side view, pedals  28   f ,  30   f  are located below and behind pivot points  33   e ,  35   e . Thus, device  10   e  features pivot points  33   e ,  35   e positioned over a central portion  39   e  of ramp assembly  38   e , and pedals  28   e ,  30   e  are located below and behind respective pivot points  33   e ,  35   e , thereby providing a long length of travel for the wheels of assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  while providing an efficient footprint. 
     As further illustrated in  FIGS. 16-21 , device  10   e  further includes a resistance assembly  36   e  coupled to pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e . As depicted in  FIGS. 16-21 , the resistance assembly  36   e  of embodiment  10   e , contains a pair of upper pulleys  172   e ,  174   e  attached to top beam member  58   e , a pair of one-directional clutches  168   e ,  170   e  attached to front beam member  54   e , a crossover pulley  176   e  attached to beam assembly  112   e , a flywheel  86   e  that is coaxially located to said one-directional clutches  168   e ,  170   e  and a braking device  88   e . Framework  12   e  and resistance assembly  36   e  are substantially located in between first pivoting assembly  32   e  and second pivoting assembly  34   e . This allows easy access to the resistance assembly of the exercise device rather than having a cage surrounding the resistance assembly. The control console, belts and cables have been omitted from  FIGS. 14-19  for the convenience of illustrating embodiment  10   e.    
       FIG. 17  portrays another perspective of embodiment  10   e , highlighting the linking assembly showing the multiple link and support members forming the pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e.    
       FIG. 18  illustrates that resistance assembly  36   e  includes a linking system of embodiment  10   e  of the exercise device that serves as a linking system, linking pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e , such that movement of assembly  32   e  causes a reciprocal, linked movement of assembly  34   e . As shown in  FIGS. 20 and 21 , the resistance assembly  36   e  comprises a pulley and cable system that imparts a dependent, reciprocal movement upon the pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e .  FIGS. 20 &amp; 21  depict schematic views of the resistance assembly  36   e  of embodiment  10   e , showing a cable linking first foot platform  28   e  to second foot platform  30   e  using various components of resistance assembly  36   e.    
     Resistance assembly  36   e  links the movement of first pivoting assembly  32   e  to second pivoting assembly  34   e . The movement of pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  may be arrested by respective stops connected to the top and/or bottom of the ramp assembly  38   e . In one embodiment, only stops at the top end or the bottom end of the ramp assembly are employed while movement at the opposite end is arrested by the available cable length of the resistance assembly  36   e . In another embodiment, stops are employed at the top and bottom ends of the ramp assembly. 
       FIGS. 22-27  feature an embodiment of an exercise device  10   f  that is similar to the exercise device  10   e  embodiment of  FIGS. 14-21 . For example, previously described resistance assembly  36   e  of  FIGS. 14-21  may be employed in conjunction with device  10   f  of  FIGS. 22-27 . Furthermore, the stride lengths and stride length to framework footprint length ratios described with regard to the device  10   e  of  FIGS. 14-21  may be applicable to device  10   f  of  FIGS. 22-27 . Platform  192   e  shown in  FIG. 22  attached to rear second stabilizer member  52   f  allows a user to conveniently access and address foot platforms  28   f ,  30   f.    
       FIG. 22  provides a side view of the embodiment of the exercise device  10   f  with pivoting assemblies  32   f ,  34   f  shown in the neutral position, such that assemblies  32   f ,  34   f , are aligned when viewed from the side, as shown in  FIG. 22 . Such assemblies  32   f ,  34   f  may operate identically or similarly to previously described pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  for example. As shown, this design is highly efficient and provides a small, efficient footprint. The pivot points  33   f ,  35   f  of pivoting assemblies  32   f ,  34   f  are substantially positioned over a central portion  39   f  of ramp assembly  38   f , resulting in the pivot assemblies  32   f ,  34   f  remaining substantially within the footprint length  113   f  of framework during use. Furthermore, pedals  28   f ,  30   f  of pivoting assemblies  32   f ,  34   f  are located below and behind pivot points  33   f ,  35   f  in the neutral position of  FIG. 22 . As a result of the configuration of device  10   f , the wheels of respective pivoting assemblies  32   e ,  34   e  move along the length of respective ramps of ramp assembly  38   f , providing a long length of travel, and the overall device  10   f  has an efficient, small footprint. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 22 , device  10   f  features pivot points  33   f ,  35   f  positioned over a central portion  39   f  of ramp assembly  38   f , and pedals  28   f ,  30   f  are located below and behind respective pivot points  33   f ,  35   f , thereby providing a long length of travel for the wheels of assemblies  32   f ,  34   f  while providing an efficient footprint. 
     Elastomeric stops  194  (see  FIG. 22 ) can be connected to the top and/or bottom ends of respective ramps to arrest progress of the pivoting assemblies  32   f ,  34   f.    
     As discussed previously, adjustable screw motor  116   c  described in  FIG. 11-12  is an example of means for adjusting the neutral body position of the user of the exercise device with respect to a support surface. Thus, one example of said means for adjusting the neutral body position of a user may comprise a lead screw mounted at a position such that a rotation imparted upon said lead screw imparts an upward or downward movement of a foot support member. Such a lead screw assembly or a similar assembly may optionally be used in the embodiments of  FIGS. 14-21  and/or  22 - 27 . Another example of a means for adjusting the neutral body position of the user of the exercise device with respect to a support surface is an adjustable pulley system that may be used to alter the orientation of the pedals of the foot support members  24   e ,  26   e , thereby adjusting the neutral body position of the user. For example, pulleys  172   e ,  174   e  can be configured so as to be adjustably moveable with respect to framework  112   e , such that when the pulleys are moved upward or downward along the framework  112   e , the position of the foot support assemblies  24   e ,  26   e  and the foot platforms  28   e ,  30   e  move with respect to the framework  112   e , thereby adjusting the neutral body position of the user of the exercise device with respect to a support surface. Other examples of means for adjusting the neutral body position of the user of the exercise device with respect to a support surface include, but are not limited to, gear assemblies, hydraulic assemblies, an elastic resistance assemblies, and the like. 
     The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrated and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.