Patent Publication Number: US-4650122-A

Title: Method for preparing fuel and injection valve for performing the method

Description:
This is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 371,833 filed Apr. 26, 1982, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention is based on a method for preparing fuel and an injection valve for preforming the method. A method and an injection valve are already known in which for the purpose of fuel preparation, the fuel is carried via spin conduits directly downstream of a valve seat, entering a spin chamber at a tangent so as finally to be ejected into the intake tube while maintaining the spin. Particularly at low fuel pressures and short injection times, a spin preparation of this kind is not, however, capable of meeting requirements for the thinnest possible fuel film exiting from the injection valve, while maintaining a constant angle of ejection, depending on the duration of injection, and good uniformity of distribution. 
     OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The method according to the invention for preparation of fuel injected into an intake tube of an internal combustion engine has the advantage over the prior art that the angle of ejection of the fuel is virtually independent of the fuel pressure or the duration of injection, and a very thin fuel film is generated as it exits from the injection valve, so that uniformly fine distribution of the fuel in the aspirated air flowing in the intake tube is accomplished. The consequence is a minimization both of engine fuel consumption and of the proportion of toxic components in the engine exhaust. 
     The injection valve according to the invention for performing the method for preparation of fuel has the advantage of a simple and cost-favorable embodiment, with which very good fuel preparation can be attained. 
     It is particularly advantageous to dispose the discharge openings of the fuel guide bores near the longitudinal axis of the injection valve, in order to reduce the clearance space of a collecting chamber downstream of the valve seat. 
    
    
     The invention will be better understood and further objects and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the ensuing detailed description of two preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows one exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve; 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II--II of FIG. 1; and 
     FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection valve in a fragmentary sectional view. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The fuel injection valve 1 shown in FIG. 1 is electromagnetically actuatable in a known manner and serves by way of example to inject fuel, in particular at a relatively low pressure, into the air intake tube of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally-supplied ignition. The injection of fuel through the fuel injection valve may be effected either simultaneously for all the cylinders of the engine into the air intake tube upstream or downstream of a throttle valve through a single fuel injection valve, or by means of one fuel injection valve each into the individual air intake tubes directly prior to each inlet valve of each cylinder of the engine. The electrical triggering of the fuel injection valve may be effected in a known manner via contact prongs 3. The fuel injection valve is supported in a guide opening 4 of a holder body 5 and may be fixable by way of example in the axial direction by a claw or a cap 7. In addition, a sealing ring 10 rests on one end face 8 of the fuel injection valve, remote from the cap 7, and is supported on the other end on a step 9 of the holder body 5. The holder body 5 may be embodied by the air intake tube wall itself or may be an independent element. The fuel injection valve 1 has an annular fuel supply groove 12, from which fuel supply openings 13 lead into the interior of the fuel injection valve 1. Axially offset from the fuel supply groove 12 and as shown above this groove in the drawing, the fuel injection valve 1 also has a fuel discharge groove 14 of annular embodiment, from which fuel discharge openings 15 lead into the interior of the fuel injection valve 1. A fuel supply line 17 discharges into the fuel supply groove 12 and communicates in a manner not shown with a fuel supply source, for instance a fuel pump. The fuel flowing into the fuel supply groove 12 via the fuel supply line 17 reaches the interior of the fuel injection valve 1 and is either ejected into the air intake tube or flows through the fuel injection valve in order to absorb heat from it and exits via the fuel discharge openings 15 into the fuel discharge groove 14, which communicates with a fuel outflow line 18 embodied within the holder body 5. The fuel injection valve is guided radially within the guide opening 4 of the holder body 5 by means of elastic support bodies 19, 20, 21 of a fuel filter 23, which extends in the axial direction, covering the fuel supply groove 12 and the fuel outflow groove 14. The support bodies 19, 20, 21 are fabricated of some elastic material, such as rubber or plastic. The middle support body 20 in particular is an annular embodiment, such that, being provided by way of example with sealing noses 24, it is supported on the circumference of the fuel injection valve 1, between the fuel supply groove 12 and the fuel discharge groove 14 on one end and on the other end on the guide opening 4; thus it seals off the fuel supply groove 12 and the fuel supply line 17 relative to the fuel outflow groove 14 and the fuel discharge line 18. The fuel flowing in via the fuel supply line 17 first reaches an annular groove 25 embodied between the middle support body 20 and the lower end support body 21 of the fuel filter; from this annular groove 25, the fuel can flow via the filter area 26 into the fuel supply groove 12. The fuel can flow out of the fuel discharge groove 14 via the filter area 27 into an annular groove 28 embodied between the upper end support body 19 and the middle support body 20 of the fuel filter 23, and this annular groove 28 communicates with the fuel discharge line 18. By means of the filter areas 26, 27, particles of dirt contained in the fuel are filtered out. Particularly as a result of the elastic embodiment of the middle support body 20, the element is simpler to make, and greater tolerances are possible at the circumference of the fuel injection valve 1 and of the diameter of the guide opening 4. The upper support body 19 may be provided on its side oriented toward the fuel injection valve 1 with a detent nose 30, which when the fuel filter 23 is pushed onto the fuel injection valve 1 snaps into a detent groove 31 of the fuel injection valve 1; the result is that the fuel injection valve 1 can be inserted in common with the mounted fuel filter 23 into the guide opening 4 of the holder body 5. A sealing ring 33 may also be axially supported on the upper support body 19, being disposed between the fuel injection valve 1 and the holder body 5 and fixed in place on the other end by the cap 7. 
     The fuel injection valve 1 has a movable valve element 35, which is embodied as spherical, by way of example, and cooperates with a correspondingly shaped fixed valve seat 36 in a nozzle body 37. The movable valve element 35 is lifted from the valve seat when the electromagnet of the fuel injection valve 1 is excited, so that fuel can flow past between the movable valve element 35 and the valve seat 36 and reaches a collecting chamber 38 whose volume is as small as possible not greater than 0.3 mm 3 . It is also to be noted that the movable valve and its valve seat circumscribe an enclosed area which forms the collecting chamber 38. From the collecting chamber 38, fuel guide bores 39, which are inclined at an angle (see FIG. 3) relative to the valve axis, lead to a preparation bore 40 also embodied in the nozzle body 37. At last two fuel guide bores 39 are provided; in FIG. 2, by way of example, six fuel guide bores 39 are shown, uniformly offset relative to one another with the inlet end of each fuel guide bore spaced from the valve axis by a maximum distance of about three times the diameter of the fuel guide metering bores. The fuel guide bores 39 terminate in discharge openings 41 on the bottom of the preparation bore 40, which is embodied as a blind bore, in such a way that no tangentially-directed inflow into the cylindrically embodied preparation bore 40 occurs. Instead, the discharge openings 41 are disposed on the bottom 42 by a distance a from the wall 43 of the cylindrical preparation bore 40, so that the fuel, exiting the fuel guide bores 39 in the form of a stream as indicated by the broken lines in the drawing, at first exits freely from the discharge opening 41, without touching the wall, and passes via an approximately elliptical impact face 44, shown in broken lines, to arrive in a distributed manner on the wall 43 of the preparation bore 40. The curvature of the preparation bore gives the impact face 44 a larger surface area than the discharge opening 41. The fuel arriving at the wall 43 of the preparation bore 40 distributes itself in the form of a film on the wall 43 and flows in an approximately parabolic path toward the open end 45 of the preparation bore 40. The fuel film is torn off from the nozzle body 37 at this open end 45, which is embodied as sharply pointed, and enters the aspirated air flow as a fuel film, whereupon uniform mixing of air and fuel occurs, which is a precondition for low fuel consumption and small amounts of toxic components in the engine exhaust. The preparation bore 40 is preferably embodied as so long that the fuel, exiting in the form of a stream from the discharge openings 41, arrives at the wall 43 of the preparation bore 40 near the open end 45. As a result, as little of the energy of the fuel stream as possible is lost from friction at the wall 43. The fuel guide bores 39 simultaneously serve as fuel metering bores and have a diameter of approximately 0.2 mm, for example. The angle of inclination α of the fuel guide bores 39 relative to the valve axis is preferably between 5° and approximately 70°, so that the fuel streams arrive in the form of an acute angle at the wall 43 of the preparation bore 40. 
     For the illustration of the section II--II of FIG. 2, the scale was changed from that of FIG. 1. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, only the preparation bore 40&#39; has been changed in comparison with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, and the change is such that this bore 40&#39; is embodied as widening in the flow direction in conical fashion. As a result, there is an enlargement of the approximately elliptical impact face 44&#39; at the conically extending wall 43&#39; of the preparation bore 40&#39;. The length of the preparation bore 40&#39; is likewise advantageously designed such that the fuel exiting from the discharge openings 41 arrives at the wall 43&#39; of the preparation bore 40&#39; near the open end 45. 
     In order to be able to embody the collecting chamber 38 with the smallest possible clearance volume, it is advantageous to dispose the discharge openings 47 of the fuel guide bores 39 from the collecting chamber 38 close to the longitudinal axis of the injection valve. 
     The foregoing relates to preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention, it being understood that other embodiments and variants thereof are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, the latter being defined by the appended claims.