Patent Publication Number: US-2021181511-A1

Title: Stretchable film assembly with conductive traces

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/136,776, filed Sep. 20, 2018, and hereby claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/636,975, filed on Mar. 1, 2018, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The following description relates to electronic devices. More particularly, the following description relates to a stretchable film assembly with conductive traces. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventionally, a stretchable film had flat serpentine conductive traces in a same flat plane of such stretchable film. These serpentine conductive traces effectively were flat springs. Such flat springs could be stretched in a direction normal with respect to such serpentine pattern. However, such stretchable film conventionally was limited to about 1.6 times the length of such stretchable film in an at rest state, namely a 60% increase in length. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S) 
       Accompanying drawing(s) show exemplary embodiment(s) in accordance with one or more aspects of exemplary apparatus(es) or method(s). However, the accompanying drawings should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims, but are for explanation and understanding only. 
         FIG. 1  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting an exemplary stretchable film assembly flow for formation of a film assembly for electronics. 
         FIGS. 2-1 through 2-7  are top elevation views of block diagrams depicting examples of one or more film assemblies each. 
         FIGS. 3-1 through 3-4  are block diagrams of respective perspective views each depicting a section of an example of a film assembly. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting another exemplary stretchable film assembly flow for formation of a film assembly for electronics. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting yet another exemplary stretchable film assembly flow for formation of a film assembly for electronics. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting still yet another exemplary stretchable film assembly flow for formation of a film assembly for electronics. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough description of the specific examples described herein. It should be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that one or more other examples or variations of these examples may be practiced without all the specific details given below. In other instances, well known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the description of the examples herein. For ease of illustration, the same number labels are used in different diagrams to refer to the same items; however, in alternative examples the items may be different. 
     Exemplary apparatus(es) and/or method(s) are described herein. It should be understood that the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any example or feature described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other examples or features. Use of terms such as “upper” and “lower” or other directional terms is made with respect to the reference frame of the figures and is not meant to be limiting with respect to potential alternative orientations, such as in further assemblies or as used in various systems. 
     Before describing the examples illustratively depicted in the several figures, a general introduction is provided to further understanding. 
     Again, conventionally, a stretchable film with serpentine conductive traces in a same flat plane of such stretchable film was used. This lead to differences in how such serpentine conductive traces and a corresponding dielectric film experienced stress or tension due to stretching. When such stretchable film was stretched, problems with delamination between dielectric film and serpentine conductive traces may be presented. For example, a stretched dielectric film may be thinner than such film in an at rest state, which thinning due to stretching may promote delamination. 
     As described below in additional detail, a stretchable film assembly with conductive traces and a dielectric film is described. However, such dielectric film and conductive traces are contoured by conforming both to a structured undulating or wavy profile, as described below in additional detail. By having such a structured profile, conductive traces and a corresponding dielectric film experience tension in a stretched state in a same or substantially similar manner. This may reduce delamination failures. 
     Furthermore, by having an undulating, wavy or corrugated (“corrugated”) structured profile of a dielectric film, such dielectric film may be stretched to be substantially longer than a length or longitudinal spread of such profiled dielectric film at an at rest state (“at rest length”). For example, such a stretchable film assembly with conductive traces and a dielectric film may be stretch 1.5 or more times an at rest length thereof. However, stretching of stretchable film assembly may be used in applications where for example such film assembly is stretched to 2 to 5 times an at rest length thereof, which was not available with above-described conventional film assemblies. 
     With the above general understanding borne in mind, various configurations for a stretchable film assembly with conductive traces are generally described below. Though an example of conductive traces as signal lines, including without limitation power and ground, is used, such conductive traces or other conductive elements may be used for implementing different circuit components, such as resistors and/or inductors for example. However, for purposes of clarity by way of example and not limitation conductive traces for signal lines are described. 
     An apparatus relates generally to electronics. In such an apparatus, a film assembly has an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface. A dielectric film of the film assembly has a structured profile along the upper surface or the lower surface for having alternating ridges and grooves in a corrugated section in an at rest state of the film assembly. Conductive traces of the film assembly conform to the upper surface or the lower surface in or on the dielectric film in the corrugated section. 
     A method relates generally to electronics. In such a method, obtained is a base having a contoured surface to provide a structured profile for having a corrugated section with alternating ridges and grooves. Conductive traces are formed over the contoured surface of the base in the corrugated section conformably with the alternating ridges and grooves. A dielectric film is formed over the conductive traces and over a remainder of the contoured surface of the base in the corrugated section conformably with the alternating ridges and grooves for having a film assembly with an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface. The film assembly is released from the base with the structured profile along the lower surface with the alternating ridges and grooves in an at rest state of the film assembly. 
     Another method relates generally to electronics. In such a method, obtained is a base having a contoured surface to provide a structured profile for having a corrugated section with alternating ridges and grooves. A dielectric film is formed over the contoured surface of the base in the corrugated section conformably with the alternating ridges and grooves. Conductive traces are formed over the dielectric film in the corrugated section conformably for having the alternating ridges and grooves for having a film assembly with an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface. The film assembly is released from the base with the structured profile along the lower surface with the alternating ridges and grooves in an at rest state of the film assembly. 
     Yet another method relates generally to electronics. In such a method, obtained is a sheet of a dielectric film having conductive traces. Obtained is a lower platen having a contoured surface to provide a structured profile for having a corrugated section with alternating ridges and grooves. Obtained is an upper platen having a reverse contoured surface to the contoured surface for interlocked engagement with the lower platen to impart the structured profile to the sheet. The sheet is pressed between the upper platen and the lower platen under heat and pressure for contouring the sheet to provide the conductive traces and the dielectric film contoured to the corrugated section conformably with the alternating ridges and grooves for having a film assembly with an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface. The film assembly is released from between the lower platen and the upper platen. 
     Other features will be recognized from consideration of the remainder of the Detailed Description and Claims, which follow. 
       FIG. 1  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting an exemplary stretchable film assembly flow  200  for formation of a film assembly  100  for electronics. A film assembly  100  has an upper surface  151  and a lower surface  152  opposite upper surface  151 . A dielectric film  121  of film assembly  100  has a structured profile  102  along upper surface  151  or lower surface  152  for having alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  in a corrugated section  103  in an at rest state of film assembly  100 . 
     Conductive traces  111  of film assembly  100  are conformably along upper surface  151  or lower surface  152  in or on dielectric film  121  in corrugated section  103 . Dielectric film  121  of film assembly  100  in this example includes a component section  104  of structured profile  102  of dielectric film  121  along upper surface  151  or lower surface  152  in at rest state of film assembly  100  located adjacent to corrugated section  103 . 
     In this example, there are two corrugated sections  103  each having alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 . In this example of a dielectric film  121  of film assembly  100 , each of such corrugated sections  103  of structured profile  102  of dielectric film  121  along upper surface  151  or lower surface  152  for each such section has alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  in at rest state of film assembly  100 . 
     A component section  104  of structured profile  102  of dielectric film  121  along upper surface  151  or lower surface  152  in at rest state of film assembly  100  may be located between first corrugated section  103  and second corrugated section  103 . Conductive traces  111  of film assembly  100  may be conformably along upper surface  151  or lower surface  152  in or on dielectric film  121  in both corrugated sections  103 . 
     Conductive traces  111  may extend from a left corrugated section  103  and a right corrugated section  103  into component section  104  and may be configured for interconnection of a microelectronic component  161 . Such component section  104  may be configured for interconnection of a microchip or a semiconductor die as a microelectronic component  161 . Component section  104  may include a flat surface  107  for receipt of microchip or semiconductor die as such a microelectronic component  161 . 
     With the above description borne in mind, stretchable film assembly flow  200  is described. At operation  110 , a base  101  having a structured profile  102  may be obtained for having at least one corrugated section  103  with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 . Base  101  may be made of stainless steel or other electrically conductive material for a subsequent electroplating and/or electrophoresis operation. A difference of coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) between stainless steel and other materials in contact with base  101  may facilitate release of a film assembly  100  from such base  101 . 
     At operation  120 , conductive traces  111  may be formed over contoured surface of base  101  in corrugated sections  103  conformably with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 . Conductive traces  111  may be formed by electroplating, patterned deposition, printing, or other conductive trace forming process. In this example, conductive traces  111  may be formed of copper, silver or gold; however, other electrical conductor materials may be used in other examples. 
     At operation  130 , a dielectric film  121  may be formed over conductive traces  111  and over a remainder of contoured surface of base  101  in corrugated section  103  conformably with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  for having a film assembly  100  with an upper surface  151  and a lower surface  152  opposite upper surface  151 . Surface areas of conductive traces  111  facing an upper surface of base  101  may cover only a portion, as depicted for example below with reference to  FIGS. 2-1 to 2-7 , of an upper surface area of such upper surface of base  101  leaving a remainder of an upper surface area of such upper surface of base  101  to be covered by dielectric film  121 . 
     Dielectric film  121  may be formed or adhered to conform to structured profile  102  by positioning a dielectric sheet above and over base  101  and pulling such a dielectric sheet down onto a surface of base  101  having structured profile  102 , such as by pulling with a vacuum or other suction, for causing such a dielectric sheet to conform to structured profile  102 . Base  101  may be perforated for pulling by such a vacuum from a side opposite such structured profile  102 , such as a lower surface of such base  101  in this example. For example, pulling with a vacuum to pull sheet down onto base  101  including over conductive traces  111  and over a remainder of contoured surface of base  101  in corrugated section  103  may cause such dielectric sheet to conform with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 . 
     In another example, dielectric film  111  may be formed by depositing, such as conformally depositing for example, a dielectric material such as for example by electrophoresis or other conformal deposition process. Because base  101  is electrically conductive, a conformal depositing of dielectric material by an electrophoretic deposition or other cathodic or anodic conformal deposition may be used. Dielectric film  121  in this example is an epoxy-based or polyimide-based flexible material; however, other dielectric materials may be used in other examples. 
     In yet another example, operations  120  and  130  may be reversed. In such an example, dielectric film  121  is conformed to a structured profile  102  of base  101 , and conductive traces  111  are formed on dielectric film  121  conforming to such structured profile  102  responsive to conformation by dielectric film  121 . 
     At operation  140 , an optional resist layer  131  may be deposited on an upper surface of dielectric film  121 . Resist layer  131  may be patterned and used for forming a ball grid array (BGA) of contacts for interconnection with contacts of microelectronic component  161 , such a flip-chip interconnection for example. Such optional resist layer  131  may be used to protect metal contacts for interconnection with a microelectronic component  161 . 
     At operation  150 , film assembly  100  may be removed or released from base  101  with structured profile  102  along lower surface  152  with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  in an at rest state of film assembly  100 . At operation  160 , a microelectronic component  161  may be coupled to film assembly  100  in a component section  104 . In an at rest state of film assembly  100 , film assembly  100  may have a length L  162 . 
     At operation  170 , film assembly  100  may be stretched, such as for use. Stretching film assembly  100  may straighten out ridges  105  and grooves  106 , or at least have significantly smaller differences between peaks and valleys of ridges  105  and grooves  106 , so as to generally straighten out dielectric film  121  and conductive traces  111 . In a stretched state of film assembly  100 , film assembly  100  may have an overall length  171  in a range of 1.5 L or more, and in some applications a 2 L to 5 L range. For applications where 3 or more times an at rest length L  162  is to be used, film assembly  100  may be used where cabling was previously used. Furthermore, ridges  105  and grooves  106  may be asymmetrical on opposing sides of a component section for having asymmetric lengths of stretch. 
     In a stretched state, conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  may experience same tensions. This is because both conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  may have same profiles, and in such a configuration conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  may be stretched in one or more same directions only. 
     Direction  172  and/or direction  173  opposite direction  172  may be respective directions of stretch. Ridges  105  and grooves  106  may be transverse, namely perpendicular or normal, with respect to direction of stretch  172  or  173 . 
       FIGS. 2-1 through 2-7  are top elevation views of block diagrams depicting examples of one or more film assemblies  100  each. In  FIG. 2-1 , conductive traces  111  extend from corrugated sections  103  into a middle component section  104 . In this example, a conductive trace  111 A extends from a corrugated section  103  through component section  104  to another corrugated section  103 . Ridges  105  and grooves  106  of conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  in corrugated sections  103  are transverse  174  with respect to length of film assembly  100 , namely are transverse with respect to a direction of stretch. A flat surface  107  in component section  104  may be for receipt of a microelectronic component  161 . Microelectronic component  161  may be attached with flip-chip, ACF (anisotropic conductive film for agglomeration of conductive particles in a dielectric), or other attachment technology for electrical conductivity. 
     In  FIG. 2-2 , conductive traces  111  extend from a corrugated section  103  into a component section  104 . Ridges  105  and grooves  106  of conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  in corrugated section  103  are transverse  174  with respect to length of film assembly  100 , namely are transverse with respect to a direction of stretch. A flat surface  107  in component section  104  may be for receipt of a microelectronic component  161 . 
     In  FIG. 2-3 , conductive traces  111  extend from corrugated sections  103  into and through a middle component section  104 . In this example, wide conductive traces  111 B extend from a corrugated section  103  through component section  104  to another corrugated section  103  such as for power or ground. Ridges  105  and grooves  106  of conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  in corrugated sections  103  are transverse  174  with respect to length of film assembly  100 , namely are transverse with respect to a direction of stretch. A flat surface  107  in component section  104  may be for receipt of a microelectronic component  161 . 
     In  FIG. 2-4 , conductive traces  111  extend from corrugated sections  103  into and a middle component section  104 . In this example, wide conductive traces  111 B are the same as in  FIG. 2-3 , except with tee sections  202  in component section  104  respectively teeing off of conductive traces  111 B and terminating in corresponding printed wire contacts  201 . Thinner conductive traces  111  terminate in component section  104  with printed wire contacts (“circles”)  201 . Ridges  105  and grooves  106  of conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  in corrugated sections  103  are transverse  174  with respect to length of film assembly  100 , namely are transverse with respect to a direction of stretch. A flat surface  107  in component section  104  may be for receipt of a microelectronic component  161 . 
     In  FIG. 2-5 , conductive traces  111  extend from corrugated sections  103  into and a middle component section  104 . In this example, an upper wide conductive trace  111 B has tee sections  202  off in component section  104  respectively teeing off of such conductive trace  111 B and terminating in corresponding printed pad contacts (“rectangles”)  205 . Other printed pad contacts  205  interconnected to opposing ends of conductive traces  111  may be used for interconnection, such as for example for a dermal or other attachment. For example, in the medical field, a patch using film assembly  100  may be adhered to human skin. 
     A lower conductive trace  111 B has a ground plane pad  203  extending therefrom and formed in component section  104 . Thinner conductive traces  111  terminate in component section  104  with printed pad contacts (“squares”)  206 . With a thinner conductive trace  111 C having in component section  107  a delay and/or resistor  204 ; however, one or more of these or other thin film electronic components  204  may be formed. Ridges  105  and grooves  106  of conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  in corrugated sections  103  are transverse  174  with respect to length of film assembly  100 , namely are transverse with respect to a direction of stretch. A flat surface  107  in component section  104  may be for receipt of a microelectronic component  161 . 
     In  FIG. 2-6 , two instances of film assembly  100  of  FIG. 2-1 , namely film assembly  100 - 1  and  100 - 2 , are interconnected end-to-end lengthwise by interconnect pads  207 . Interconnect pads  207  may be soldered or otherwise coupled to one another for electrical conductivity. 
     In  FIG. 207 , a film assembly  100 H has a horizontal orientation with a component section  104  and a corrugated section  103 , as previously described. Conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  extend from corrugated section  103  to component section  104 . However, in this example, conductive traces  111  in component section have right-angle bends for heading toward and interconnecting to interconnect pads  207  in component section  104  of film assembly  100 H. 
     A film assembly  100 V has a vertical orientation with a component section  104  in between corrugated sections  103 , as previously described. Conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  extend from corrugated section  103  to and through component section  104  to another corrugated section and to interconnect pads  207  of such corrugated section. Interconnect pads  207  of film assemblies  100 H and  100 V may be soldered or otherwise coupled to one another for electrical conductivity to form an “L” film assembly as in  FIG. 2-7 . 
       FIGS. 3-1 through 3-4  are block diagrams of respective perspective views each depicting a section of an example of a film assembly  100 . In film assembly  100  of  FIG. 3-1 , conductive trace  111  is in contact with and on a lower surface  301  of dielectric film  121 . In film assembly  100  of  FIG. 3-2 , conductive trace  111  is in contact with and completely recessed in a channel  302  defined by dielectric film  121 . A lower surface  301  of dielectric film  121  may be co-planar with a lower surface  304  of conductive trace  111 . 
     In film assembly  100  of  FIG. 3-3 , conductive trace  111  is in contact with and partially recessed in a channel  302  defined in dielectric film  121 . A lower surface  301  of dielectric film  121  may be above a lower surface  304  of conductive trace  111 . 
     In film assembly  100  of  FIG. 3-4 , an upper dielectric film  121  has a lower surface  301  in contact with an upper surface of a conductive trace  111 , and such conductive trace  111  has a lower surface in contact with an upper surface of a lower dielectric film  121 . In this example, a conductive trace  111  may be sandwiched or laminated between two dielectric films  121 . 
       FIG. 4  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting another exemplary stretchable film assembly flow  200  for formation of a film assembly  100  for electronics. In this example, at operation  410  obtained is a base  101  having a contoured surface to provide a structured profile  102  for having a corrugated section  103  with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 . Such a structured profile  102  may have a component section  104  with a flat surface  107  as previously described. 
     In this example, base  101  is a lower platen  101  of or in a press. An upper platen  401  of or in such press may have a reverse or inverse contoured or shaped surface, namely an inverse structured profile  402 , for spaced-apart or interlocking engagement with structured profile  102  of lower platen  101  to impart a structure profile  102  by pressing under heat, as described below in additional detail. Reverse structured profile  401  may include reverse or inverse corrugated sections  403  and a reverse or inverse component section  404  respectively corresponding to corrugated sections  103  and component section  104 . Along those lines, reverse structured profile  402  of upper platen  401  may have alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  in reverse corrugated sections  403  and a flat surface  107  in a reverse component section  404 . 
     While waves of different heights for uniform or non-uniform stretch of may be present in corrugated section  103  and  403 , for purposes of interlocking platens, in another example a sinusoidal or sinusoidal-like wave shape may be used for alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 . However, in this example, different curvatures for alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  of right corrugated section  103  and left corrugated section  103  may be used. In some applications, flat surface  107  may not stretch when stretching one or more corrugated sections  103 , which facilitates stability for interconnection of a microelectronic component  161 . 
     At operation  420 , a conductive trace  111  may be formed onto lower platen  101 , as previously described with reference to  FIG. 1 . At operation  430 , a dielectric sheet  421  for a dielectric film  121  may be obtained and placed between reverse structured profile  402  of upper platen  401  and structured profile  102  of lower platen  101 . 
     At operation  440 , dielectric sheet  421  of dielectric film  121  may be pressed between top platen  401  and lower platen  101  under heat and pressure with a press for contouring of dielectric sheet  421  to impart structured profile  102  to such dielectric sheet to provide dielectric film  121 . Curing of such dielectric film  121  may occur prior to removal or release of film assembly  100  from a press. 
     After curing at operation  440 , a film assembly  100  may be removed or released from between lower platen  101  and upper platen  401  at operation  150 . In another example, film assembly  100  may be left in lower platen  101  or upper platen  401  for addition of a resist layer at operation  140 . Subsequent processing of film assembly  100  may proceed as previously described and not repeated here for purposes of clarity and not limitation. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting yet another exemplary stretchable film assembly flow  200  for formation of a film assembly  100  for electronics. Operation  410  is the same as in  FIG. 4 , and hence description of same is not repeated. 
     At operation  520 A or  520 B, a dielectric sheet  421  for a dielectric film  121  having conductive traces  111  is obtained and placed between reverse structured profile  402  of upper platen  401  and structured profile  102  of lower platen  101 . At operation  520 A, conductive traces  111  are on a lower side of a dielectric sheet  421 , and at operation  520 , conductive traces  111  are on an upper side of a dielectric sheet  421 , when positioned between such platens. 
     At operation  440 , such dielectric sheet  421  with conductive traces  111  formed thereon, such as by printing or plating for example, may be pressed in a press between upper platen  401  and lower platen  101  under heat and pressure for contouring such sheet to provide conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  contoured to one or more corrugated sections  103 - 403  conformably with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106 , and optionally a component section  104 - 404  conformably with corresponding flat surfaces  107 , for having a film assembly  100  with an upper surface  151  and a lower surface  152  opposite upper surface  151  after removal or release. Operation  440  and subsequent operation are as previously described, and thus not repeated. 
       FIG. 6  is a flow and cross-sectional block diagram depicting still yet another exemplary stretchable film assembly flow  200  for formation of a film assembly  100  for electronics. At operation  610 , a sacrificial blank base  601  or a sacrificial wire base  602  is obtained and contoured or shaped for having a structured profile  102 , as previously described. For purposes of clarity by way of non-limiting example, it shall be assumed that sacrificial blank base  601  is used. However, a sacrificial wire base  602  may likewise be used as described in the following description in place of sacrificial blank base  601 . 
     At operation  620 , an etch stop layer  611  is formed over a contoured surface of sacrificial blank base  101  having a structured profile  102 , such as in corrugated sections  103  and component section  104  in this example, conformably with alternating ridges  105  and grooves  106  and a flat section  107  prior to forming conductive traces  111 . For purposes of clarity by way of example and not limitation, it shall be assumed that: sacrificial blank base  601  and conductive traces  111  are made of copper; and etch stop layer  611  is made of nickel. However, these and/or other materials may be used in accordance with the description herein. 
     At operation  630 , conductive traces  111  may be formed on etch stop layer  611 . Conductive traces  111  may be formed as previously described herein and thus not repeated. However, in some applications, conductive traces  111  may be formed of multiple layers of metal, including multiple layers of different metals, such as for example a gold-copper-gold or gold-copper layered structure. 
     At operation  640 , a dielectric film  121  may be formed on etch stop layer  611  and conductive traces  111 . Dielectric film  121  may be formed as previously described herein and thus not repeated. 
     At operation  650 , film assembly  100  with etch stop layer  611  may be removed or released from sacrificial blank base  101  by etching with a copper etch  651  that stops on nickel etch stop layer  611 . Accordingly, sacrificial blank base  101  may be etched away leaving film assembly  100  with etch stop layer  611 . 
     At operation  660 , optionally film assembly  100  may have etch stop layer  611  removed by etching with a nickel etch  661  that stops on copper conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121 . Accordingly, etch stop layer  611  may be etched away leaving film assembly  100  having conductive traces  111  and dielectric film  121  each with a structured profile  102 , as previously described. However, in another example, etch stop layer  611  may be left in film assembly  100 . In such an example, etch stop layer  611  may generally coincide with copper conductive traces. Subsequent operations, such as starting at operation  160  for example, as previously described may be performed, and such description is not repeated for purposes of clarity and not limitation. 
     While the foregoing describes exemplary embodiment(s) in accordance with one or more aspects of the disclosure, other and further embodiment(s) in accordance with the one or more aspects of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the scope thereof, which is determined by the claim(s) that follow and equivalents thereof. Each claim of this document constitutes a separate embodiment, and embodiments that combine different claims and/or different embodiments are within the scope of the disclosure and will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reviewing this disclosure. Claim(s) listing steps do not imply any order of the steps. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.