Patent Publication Number: US-2021183747-A1

Title: Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/363,828 filed on Mar. 25, 2019, which is a U.S. continuation application of PCT International Patent Application Number PCT/JP2017/032453 filed on Sep. 8, 2017, claiming the benefit of priority of Japanese Patent Application Number 2016-188885 filed on Sep. 27, 2016, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a nitride semiconductor device, a semiconductor device housing a nitride semiconductor chip having an 
     In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N layer formed on a surface of a silicon substrate, and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     III-V nitride compound semiconductors, typically represented by gallium nitride (GaN), or so-called nitride semiconductors have been gaining traction in recent years. 
       FIG. 17  is a diagram schematically showing a cross-section structure of the nitride semiconductor device mentioned in Patent Literature (PTL) 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-103558). As illustrated in the drawing, the nitride semiconductor device mentioned in PTL 1 includes III-nitride semiconductor element  161  including a III-nitride semiconductor deposited on a sapphire substrate at least 300 μm thick, heat sink  162  on which III-nitride semiconductor element  161  is mounted, and solder  163  with a melting point of at least 300° C. that joins heat sink  162  and III-nitride semiconductor element  161 . This configuration limits an occurrence of cracks in III-nitride semiconductor element  161 . These cracks are caused by (i) a temperature difference between when the solder is applied to join heat sink  162  and III-nitride semiconductor element  161 , and afterwards when the solder cools down, (ii) a difference in the rate of thermal expansion between heat sink  162  and III-nitride semiconductor element  161 , and (iii) tension caused thereby. 
     SUMMARY 
     PTL 1 attempts to limit the occurrence of cracks in the sapphire substrate-based nitride semiconductor chip. There is, however, still a risk of cracks occurring in the nitride semiconductor chip of the semiconductor device including the silicon substrate-based nitride semiconductor chip. 
     The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device that limits the occurrence of cracks in the silicon substrate-based nitride semiconductor chip, and a manufacturing method thereof. 
     In order to solve the above problem, a semiconductor device that is a surface mount-type device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a nitride semiconductor chip including a silicon substrate having a first thermal expansion coefficient and an In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N layer in contact with a surface of the silicon substrate, where 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1; a die pad including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient; and an adhesive that joins a backside of the nitride semiconductor chip and the die pad. A thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.2 mm, length L of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 3.12 mm and thickness tm of the die pad and length L of the nitride semiconductor chip satisfy tm ≥2.00×10 −3 ×L 2 +0.173, tm being a thickness in mm and L being a length in mm. 
     A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including (i) a nitride semiconductor chip having a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and including a silicon substrate having a first thermal expansion coefficient and an In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N layer in contact with a surface of the silicon substrate, where 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1, and (ii) a die pad including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient, and (iii) an adhesive that joins a backside of the nitride semiconductor chip and the die pad according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes determining a size of one of length L of the nitride semiconductor chip and thickness tm of the die pad, L being a length in mm and tm being a thickness in mm; and determining a size of the other of length L and thickness tm that satisfies tm ≥2.00×10 −3 ×L 2 +0.173, L being at least 3.12 mm. 
     The present disclosure makes it possible to limit the occurrence of cracks in the nitride semiconductor chip. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       These and other objects, advantages and features of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that illustrate a specific embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  is an explanatory diagram showing a mechanism of how warping in a nitride semiconductor chip occurs in two stages; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of a configurational example of the nitride semiconductor chip according to Embodiment 1; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a configurational example of a semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1; 
         FIG. 4  is a top perspective view of the configurational example of the semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1; 
         FIG. 5A  is a top perspective view of a more concrete configurational example of the semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1; 
         FIG. 5B  is a top perspective view of another more concrete configurational example of the semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1; 
         FIG. 6  is an orthographic view of an exterior of the semiconductor device according to Embodiment 1; 
         FIG. 7  is a graph showing a correlation between a crack occurrence rate of the nitride semiconductor chip and a thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip; 
         FIG. 8A  is a graph showing a correlation between the thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip and a von Mises stress therein; 
         FIG. 8B  is a graph showing the correlation between the thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip and the von Mises stress therein, and a curve determined by an approximate expression; 
         FIG. 9  is a graph showing a correlation between a thickness of a die pad including a copper (Cu) substrate and a von Mises stress therein; 
         FIG. 10  is a graph showing a correlation between a length of the nitride semiconductor chip and a von Mises stress therein; 
         FIG. 11  is a graph showing (i) a result of conditions necessary so the nitride semiconductor chip does not crack and (ii) a correlation between the thickness of the die pad including a Cu-substrate and the length of the nitride semiconductor chip; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic view of a laminated model for quantifying warping occurring therein; 
         FIG. 13  is a graph showing a correlation between the thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip and a process yield of the backgrinding; 
         FIG. 14  is a graph showing a correlation between a lead (Pb) weight ratio and a melting point of Pb-solder; 
         FIG. 15  is a graph showing a standard thermal profile of a secondary mounting; 
         FIG. 16  is a flowchart of an example of a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device in Embodiment 1; and 
         FIG. 17  is a diagram schematically showing a cross-section structure of a conventional nitride semiconductor device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Underlying Knowledge Forming Basis of Present Disclosure 
     The inventors have identified the following problem related to the semiconductor device mentioned in the section “Background.” 
     Nitride semiconductors are generally represented by In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤×+y≤1), and are compound semiconductors made of the group III elements aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In), and the group V element nitride (N). 
     Nitride semiconductors are generally epitaxially grown through metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a substrate, e.g. a silicon carbide, sapphire, or silicon substrate. 
     Especially in recent years have expectations been high of power devices including a nitride semiconductor of which one chip carries a high amount of current of at least 50 amperes for use in power supplies of servers, base stations, for use in cars, and the like. 
     Accordingly, nitride semiconductor chips have become larger, and nitride semiconductor chips with a length of over 3 mm have become necessary lately. 
     Packages housing the nitride semiconductor chips are in demand to lower inductance, and mounting with surface mount packages that can reduce parasitic inductance is advancing. 
     Large deformations occur in nitride semiconductor devices with a large nitride semiconductor chip and a surface mount package due to a difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the nitride semiconductor, the silicon substrate, and the surface mount package die pad. The nitride semiconductor chip, therefore, warps which leads to the severe problem of the nitride semiconductor cracking. 
     The inventors have identified that cracks occurring in these nitride semiconductors is caused by warping occurring in two stages during the manufacturing process of the semiconductor devices. 
       FIG. 1  is an explanatory diagram showing a mechanism of how warping in nitride semiconductor chip  6  occurs in two stages. 
     A first stage of the warping will be described first. 
     Images ( 1   a ) and ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1  show the mechanism of the warping occurring in nitride semiconductor chip  6  during the first stage. As illustrated in images ( 1   a ) and ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1 , nitride semiconductor chip  6  includes silicon substrate  2  and InGaAlN layer  4 . Silicon substrate  2  is a base for forming InGaAlN layer  4  on, and is cheaper, is easier to work with, and has lower thermal resistance than sapphire substrates. InGaAlN layer  4  is made of In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N formed on a surface of silicon substrate  2  through epitaxial growth. x and y indicate a compositional ratio as described above. InGaAlN layer  4  is also referred to as epilayer (short for epitaxial layer) or nitride layer. 
     Image ( 1   a ) of  FIG. 1  schematically shows nitride semiconductor chip  6  under a high temperature, i.e., during epitaxial growth. When InGaA 1 N layer  4  is being epitaxially grown on silicon substrate  2 , nitride semiconductor chip  6  reaches a temperature of approximately 1000° C. 
     In contrast, image ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1  schematically shows nitride semiconductor chip  6  under room temperature (e.g. approximately 25° C.), i.e., when having been cooled down to room temperature after the epitaxial growth. The temperature difference going from the high temperature to room temperature and a difference in the rate of thermal expansion between silicon substrate  2  and InGaAlN layer  4  cause nitride semiconductor chip  6  to warp protruding downward. 
     To be more specific, the thermal expansion coefficient of InGaAlN layer  4  is approximately 5.45×10 −6 /° C. and the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2  is approximately 2.4×10 −6 /° C. The thermal expansion coefficient of InGaAlN layer  4  is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2 . Accordingly, InGaAlN layer  4  contracts more than silicon substrate  2  due to the temperature difference going from the high temperature to room temperature. This causes nitride semiconductor chip  6  to warp protruding downward. Note that the warping in image ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1  is exaggerated for the sake of illustration. 
     Silicon substrate  2  is affected by the stress from InGaAlN layer  4  and warps protruding downward more as silicon substrate  2  is thinner. The tensile stress in silicon substrate  2  becomes larger due to the warping protruding downward. When this tensile stress exceeds the permissible stress, nitride semiconductor chip  6  ruptures. 
     The second stage of the warping will be described next. 
     Images ( 2   a ) and ( 2   b ) of  FIG. 1  show the mechanism of the warping occurring in nitride semiconductor chip  6  during the second stage. Images ( 2   a ) and ( 2   b ) of  FIG. 1  show a laminate of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10 . Die pad  10  is, for example, part of a lead frame, and a Cu-substrate. The laminate includes nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10  bonded to each other by adhesive  8  during the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device. 
     Adhesive  8  is solder. 
     Image ( 2   a ) of  FIG. 1  schematically shows the laminate under a high temperature, i.e., when nitride semiconductor chip  6  is soldered to die pad  10 . Under the high temperature during the soldering, nitride semiconductor chip  6  is not fixed to die pad  10  since the solder has been dissolved in a liquid, and the warping of the second stage does not occur yet. The solder as adhesive  8  is, for example, Pb or gold-silicon (AuSi), and the temperature of the laminate during the soldering is approximately 360° C. to 380° C. Nitride semiconductor chip  6  at this time has undergone the warping protruding downward in the first stage shown in image ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1 . Since the state in image ( 2   a ) of  FIG. 1 , however, is at a lower temperature than in image ( 1   a ) and higher than in image ( 1   b ), the warping of nitride semiconductor chip  6  in the first stage may be subdued somewhat. 
     In contrast, image ( 2   b ) of  FIG. 1  schematically shows the laminate at room temperature, i.e., the temperature after the bonding through soldering. Nitride semiconductor chip  6  is fixed to die pad  10  with adhesive  8 . The temperature difference going from the high temperature during the soldering to room temperature and the difference in a rate of thermal expansion between nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10  cause the laminate to warp protruding upward as the warping in the second stage. The warping in image ( 2   b ) of  FIG. 1  is, however, exaggerated for the sake of description. 
     To explain more specifically, the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2 , which makes up the most part of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , is 2.4×10 −6 /° C. The thermal expansion coefficient of die pad  10  (here, the 
     Cu-substrate) is approximately 16.8×10 −6 /° C. The contraction of die pad  10  (Cu-substrate) is greater than the contraction of silicon substrate  2  when going from the high temperature to room temperature since the thermal expansion coefficient of the Cu-substrate is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2 . Accordingly, the laminate warps protruding upward in the second stage. 
     The above two stages are superimposed. In other words, the downward protruding warping of nitride semiconductor chip  6  (image ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1 ) becomes the opposite upward protruding warping in the second stage (image ( 2   b ) of  FIG. 1 ) since the thermal expansion coefficient of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  is sufficiently greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2 . At this time does the tensile stress in nitride semiconductor chip  6  become even greater. 
     As described above, in the first stage, the relationship between the thickness and warping of silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  in image ( 1   b ) of  FIG. 1  causes silicon substrate  2  to warp protruding upward more as it is thinner. In the second stage, the relationship between nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the warping of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  in image ( 2   b ) of  FIG. 1  causes silicon substrate  2  to warp protruding upward more as it grows thicker. 
     The warping in these two stages is the cause of cracks occurring in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     In the related art disclosed in PTL 1, the nitride semiconductor chip on the sapphire substrate is limited. Nitride semiconductor chip  6  disposed on silicon substrate  2 , which has higher thermal conductivity than sapphire and costs less, is suitable as a power device. 
     The thermal expansion coefficient of sapphire is 8.5 ppm/° C. whereas the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon is 3.4 ppm/° C. Since the difference with the 7.8 ppm/° C. thermal expansion coefficient of GaN is greater when using silicon rather than sapphire, the silicon-based nitride semiconductor chip  6  is more prone to cracks occurring than a sapphire-based nitride semiconductor chip. 
     In PTL 1, an AlN-substrate heat sink is used between the chip and the package, but the die pad, which includes Cu, being more thermally conductive and cheaper than AN, may be mounted directly as a power device. 
     The nitride semiconductor chip is joined with Pb-free solder, but may also be joined with Pb-solder that is more reliable for power devices. 
     Accordingly, the inventors have experimented with the influence of the length of nitride semiconductor chip  6  on the semiconductor device, which includes the silicon-based nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10 , which includes Cu, with regard to the occurrence of cracks. 
     The criteria of the experiments are as follows. Thickness tm of die pad  10  was set at 0.2 mm and thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  was set at 0.25 mm. Multiple experiments were carried out with the length of nitride semiconductor chip  6  being variables of 2.22 mm. 3.12 mm, 3.97 mm, and 4.69 mm. 
     The inventors have identified from the experiment results under these criteria that cracks occur in the nitride semiconductor chip when length L of nitride semiconductor chip is at least 3.12 mm. 
     The cause is considered to be the warping in the two stages during the manufacturing process as described previously. In other words, during the first stage, the nitride semiconductor chip warps protruding downward when returning from the high temperature growing state of the MOCVD to room temperature since the thermal expansion coefficient of GaN is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon. In the second stage, nitride semiconductor chip  6  warps protruding upward when returning from at least the temperature of the melting point of the adhesive to room temperature in the case when die pad  10 , which includes Cu, and has a greater thermal expansion coefficient than the thermal expansion coefficient of a silicon substrate, has been mounted. In other words, when a downward protruding and upward protruding stress is applied to nitride semiconductor chip  6 , cracks are considered to occur when the tension inside of nitride semiconductor chip  6  exceeds a certain threshold value. 
     One objective of the present disclosure is to provide a semiconductor device having a structure that limits the occurrence of cracks in nitride semiconductor chip  6 , which is bonded to the Cu-substrate die pad with the Pb-solder and has a length of at least 3.12 mm. 
     Embodiments 
     Hereinafter, the semiconductor device according to the embodiments in the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that each of the embodiments described below shows a specific example in the present disclose, and numerical values, shapes, components and the placement of components, connections, and the like are mere examples and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. 
     Embodiment 1 
     A configurational example of nitride semiconductor chip  6  will be described first. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of the configurational example of nitride semiconductor chip  6  installed in the nitride semiconductor device according to Embodiment  1 . Nitride semiconductor chip  6  shown in  FIG. 2  includes silicon substrate  2  and InGaAlN layer  4 . InGaAlN layer  4  includes active layer  4 a and buffer layer  4 b. 
     This nitride semiconductor chip  6  is at least 0.250 mm thick, and includes InGaAlN layer  4  disposed on silicon substrate  2  with a first thermal expansion coefficient, InGaAlN layer  4  being in contact with the surface of silicon substrate  2 , several pm thick, and having a third thermal expansion coefficient. InGaAlN layer  4  is, for example, an In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N layer (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1) layer epitaxially grown though MOCVD. Note that the compositional ratio of x and y may also be 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, x+y≤1. The third thermal expansion coefficient of InGaAlN layer  4  is greater than a first thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2 . Active layer  4 a includes a source region, drain region, channel, and the like for forming a power transistor. Buffer layer  4   b  is for reducing crystal defects in active layer  4   a.    
     This nitride semiconductor chip  6  is fixed to the die pad and sealed into the semiconductor device with resin together with a plurality of terminals. Since this nitride semiconductor chip  6  is a wide-bandgap semiconductor with a large bandgap, nitride semiconductor chip  6  has a high breakdown voltage and is suitable for power devices that require low resistance and high voltages. The nitride semiconductor can be made of various mixed crystals and can readily be made with a heterojunction interface. 
     The heterojunction of the nitride semiconductor is characterized by a high-density two-dimensional electron gas layer (2DEG layer) occurring in the heterojunction interface of the nitride semiconductor through intrinsic polarization or piezoelectric polarization even in an undoped state. 
     A field-effect transistor (FET), which uses this high-density 2DEG layer as a carrier, is used as a power device for carrying a large amount of power and high frequencies. 
     A configurational example of semiconductor device  1  will be described next. 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the configurational example of semiconductor device  1  according to Embodiment 1.  FIG. 4  is a top perspective view of the configurational example of semiconductor device  1  according to Embodiment 1.  FIG. 3  corresponds to the cross section along line AA in  FIG. 4 . tm in the drawing is the thickness of die pad  10 , tc is the thickness of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , tp is the thickness of semiconductor device  1 , and L is the length of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     Semiconductor device  1  in  FIGS. 3 and 4  includes bonding wire  3 , nitride semiconductor chip  6 , adhesive  8 , resin  9 , die pad  10 , and terminals  11 . 
     Bonding wire  3  is metal wiring, e.g. gold, copper, aluminium, and connects the pad of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and terminals  11 . 
     Nitride semiconductor chip  6  has, for example, the configuration in  FIG. 2 , and is bonded on an upper surface of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  with adhesive  8 . Length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is at least 3.00 mm. Adhesive  8  is, for example, Pb-solder, and joins nitride semiconductor chip  6  to the Cu-substrate die pad  10 . 
     Resin  9  seals off nitride semiconductor chip  6 , the Cu-substrate die pad  10 , and the like. Semiconductor device  1  forms a surface mount rectangular package with resin  9 . 
     Die pad  10  is at least 0.200 mm thick and includes the Cu-substrate with the second thermal expansion coefficient. The second thermal expansion coefficient is approximately 16.8×10 −6 /° C., and is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2  (the first thermal expansion coefficient, approximately 2.4×10 −6 /° C.). Thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  is greater than thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . Die pad  10  is larger than nitride semiconductor chip  6 . The outline of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is contained inside the outline of die pad  10  in a plan view. 
     Each one of terminals  11  is connected to the pad of nitride semiconductor chip  6  with bonding wire  3 , and is soldered when semiconductor device  1  is mounted on another printed board. The mounting on the printed board of semiconductor device  1  is referred to as secondary mounting with respect to nitride semiconductor chip  6 . Terminals  11  include, for example, a gate terminal, source terminal, and drain terminal. 
     A more concrete configurational example and exterior of semiconductor device  1  will be described next. 
       FIG. 5A  is a top perspective view of a more concrete configurational example of semiconductor device  1  according to Embodiment 1.  FIG. 6  is an orthographic view of the exterior of semiconductor device 1. (a) of  FIG. 6  shows a top surface, (b) shows a bottom surface, (c) shows a left side surface, and (d) shows a bottom side surface. 
     Nitride semiconductor chip  6  includes transistor  6   t,  gate pad  6   g,  source pad  6   s,  and drain pad  6   d.    
     Transistor  6   t  is a power transistor including InGaAlN layer  4 . Gate pad  6   g  is connected to a gate of transistor  6   t  and is used for the wire bonding. 
     Source pad  6   s  is connected to a source of transistor  6   t,  and is used for the wire bonding. In the drawing, the elongated source pad  6   s  is joined to a plurality of bonding wires  3 . Source pad  6   s  is disposed at a first length out of two opposed lengths of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . In  FIG. 5A  and (a) and (b) of  FIG. 6 , the first length is the bottom-end length. 
     Drain pad  6   d  is connected to a drain of transistor  6   t  and is used for the wire bonding. In the drawing, the elongated drain pad  6   d  is joined to a plurality of bonding wires  3 . Drain pad  6   d  is disposed at a second length opposing the first length. In  FIG. 5A  and (a) and (b) of  FIG. 6 , the second length is the top-end length. 
     Drain pad  6   d  and source pad  6   s  are not disposed at the same side of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , but are disposed at opposed sides of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . This facilitates maintaining the pressure resistance between the drain and the source. 
     In the configurational example shown in  FIGS. 5A and 6 , semiconductor device  1  is a rectangular package. 
     Terminals  11  shown in  FIG. 4  are, for example, disposed as gate terminal  11   g,  source sensor terminal  11   ss,  source terminals  11   s,  and drain terminals  11   d  in  FIG. 5A . In the drawing, terminals  11  include one gate terminal  11   g,  one source sensor terminal  11   ss,  two source terminals  11   s,  and four drain terminals  11   d.    
     Gate terminal  11 g is connected to gate pad  6   g  with bonding wire  3 . Source terminals  11   s  and source sensor terminal  11   ss  are each connected to source pad  6   s  with bonding wire  3 . Source sensor terminal  11   ss  can be used for detecting voltage levels and the like. 
     Drain terminals  11   d  are each connected to drain pad  6   d  with bonding wire  3 . 
     Terminals  11  are dispersed at a first side and a second side that are two opposed sides in a plan view of semiconductor device  1 , and not at the other two sides. The two sides at which terminals  11  are disposed are parallel with the two lengths, the first side and the second side, of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     Gate terminal  11   g,  source terminals  11   s,  and source sensor terminal  11   ss  are disposed at the first side. In  FIG. 5A  and (a) and (b) of  FIG. 6 , the first side is the bottom side. Drain terminals  11   d  are disposed at the second side. In  FIG. 5A  and (a) and (b) of  FIG. 6 , the second side is the top side. The first side and the second side have the same number of terminals  11 . Terminals  11  are all equal in size, base area and side area. The first side terminals  11  and the second side terminals  11  are symmetrical (horizontally symmetrical in  FIGS. 5A and 6 ). The distance between adjacent terminals  11  is equal on the first side and the second side. This allows the soldering conditions during the secondary mounting, i.e., the solder wetting area, placement, and the like, to be uniform at the first side and the second side, preventing any imbalances. This limits bias during the secondary mounting. 
     As illustrated in (a), (b), and (d) of  FIG. 6 , each of terminals  11  is substantially flush with the side surfaces of semiconductor device  1 . This makes it possible to keep the mounting surface during the secondary mounting at an absolute minimum. Each of terminals  11  may also be substantially flush with the underside of semiconductor device  1 . 
     As illustrated in (b) of  FIG. 6 , out of two opposed main surfaces of die pad  10 , the main surface not joined to nitride semiconductor chip  6  is exposed from semiconductor device  1 . In other words, the underside of semiconductor device  1  is exposed to the backside of die pad  10 . This increases the heat dissipation of die pad  10 . 
     Note that semiconductor device  1  as illustrated in  FIG. 5B  may further include electrodes  12   d,    12   s,  and  12   g.  These electrodes  12   d,    12   s,  and  12   g  may also be disposed as a portion of the lead frame along with die pad  10  and terminals  11 . 
     Electrode  12   d  mutually and electrically connects the four terminals  11   d  Electrodes  12   s  are each electrically connected to a corresponding one of source terminals  11   s  and die pad  10 . This makes it possible to use semiconductor device  1  as a source grounding circuit. Electrode  12   g  is electrically connected to terminal  11   g.  Electrodes  12   d  and  12   s  facilitate maintaining the amp acity. The contact area of the resin and the terminals is bigger, and resin peeling is limited due to increased adhesiveness. 
     Out of terminals  11 , all terminals disposed at the second side are separated from die pad  10 . In  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the terminals disposed at the second side are the four drain terminals  11   d  and are separated from die pad  10 . Separated here means distance-wise, physically, and electrically. In  FIG. 5A , source terminals  11   s  and source sensor terminal  11   ss  are separated from die pad  10 , but in  FIG. 5B , source terminals  11   s  and source sensor terminal  11   ss  are separated distance-wise and physically, but not electrically. 
     Source terminals  11   s  and source sensor terminal  11   ss,  and drain terminals  11   d  are disposed respectively at two opposed sides of the rectangular package. Distance D 2 , which extends from the second side to the center of die pad  10  in the plan view of semiconductor device  1 , is longer than distance D 1 , which extends from the first side to the center of die pad  10 . In other words, the distance between the second side of semiconductor device  1  and the second length of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is longer than the distance between the first side of semiconductor device  1  and the first length of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . This facilitates maintaining the pressure resistance between the drain and the source. 
     The experiment results relating to a crack occurrence rate of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  will described next. 
       FIG. 7  is a graph showing a correlation between thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and a crack occurrence rate of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . After experimenting with the crack occurrence rate of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , results of the following plurality of thicknesses tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  have been obtained as shown in  FIG. 7 . The criteria of the experiments are as follows. Thickness tm of die pad  10  has a fixed value of 0.200 mm and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has a fixed value of 4.79 mm. Thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  includes 0.200 mm, 0.225 mm, 0.250 mm, 0.300 mm, and 0.330 mm. 
     The horizontal axis in the drawing indicates thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the vertical axis indicates the crack occurrence rate. 
     The following can be understood from the drawing. When thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is at least 0.225 mm, cracks occur in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . When thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  becomes thinner (from 0.330 mm to 0.200 mm), the crack occurrence rate of the nitride semiconductor chip tends to decrease. When thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is 0.200 mm, the crack occurrence rate is 0%. There is a standard value for which cracks do not occur in the range of thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  being at least 0.200 mm and less than 0.225 mm. Thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  at 0.200 mm can be considered to have a crack occurrence rate of 0%. 
     Simulation results for examining a von Mises stress in nitride semiconductor chip  6  will be described next with reference to  FIGS. 8A to 10 . The von Mises stress occurring in nitride semiconductor chip  6  is calculated by simulating the mechanism in which warping occurs in two stages as shown in FIG.  1 . Von Mises stress here indicates a stress state occurring inside an object with a single value and is scalar without any direction. 
       FIG. 8A  is a graph showing a correlation between thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the von Mises stress. In the drawing, the horizontal axis indicates thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the vertical axis indicates the von Mises stress (MPa). The execution conditions of the simulation for calculating this von Mises stress are as follows. Thickness tm of die pad  10  has a fixed value of 0.200 mm and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has a fixed value of 4.79 mm. A thickness of the epilayer has a value of 4 μm. Thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has been simulated in the range of 0.100 mm to 0.350 mm. 
       FIG. 8A  shows that the von Mises stress monotonically increases with a thickness of nitride semiconductor chip  6  from 0.100 mm to 0.35 mm. There is an inflection point around 0.200 mm which is approximately thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and also thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10 , and the von Mises stress is reduced more around the boundary of the inflection point by setting thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  to 0.200 mm or less, and it can be understood that it is possible to limit cracks in the nitride semiconductor. 
     The circles and crosses on the curve in  FIG. 8A  indicate whether cracks occur or not in accordance with  FIG. 7 . In other words, a circle indicates that cracks do not occur and a cross indicates that cracks do occur. In  FIGS. 7 and 8A , the crack occurrence rate is substantially 0% for the relationship between the von Mises stress and thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  when thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is 0.200 mm or less. This makes it possible to understand that cracks do not occur when the von Mises stress corresponding to a thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  of 0.200 mm is 110 MPa or less. 
       FIG. 8B  is a graph showing the correlation between thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the von Mises stress, and a curve determined by an approximate expression with the portion of the horizontal axis in  FIG. 8A  enlarged from 0.200 mm. The thick solid line in the drawing connects adjacent simulation values and is made of three line segments. The thin solid line in the drawing is a curve that passes through the simulation values and is approximated using a polynomial expression. This polynomial expression is a secondary approximate expression, and is expressed in the drawing with y=−890×tc 2 +670×tc+11.3, with y being the von Mises stress. 
     In  FIG. 8B , the approximate expression of the von Mises stress after nitride semiconductor chip  6  has been mounted on die pad  10  and thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  shows that the von Mises stress increases when thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is at least 0.200 mm, and that the von Mises stress reaches a maximum value when thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is 0.377 mm. In other words, the von Mises stress increases when thickness tc is between 0.200 mm and 0.377 mm. When thickness tc is greater than 0.377 mm, the von Mises stress is considered to stay roughly the same. 
       FIG. 9  is a graph showing a correlation between thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  and the von Mises stress. In the drawing, the horizontal axis is thickness tm of die pad  10  and the vertical axis is the von Mises stress (MPa). The execution conditions of the simulation for calculating this von Mises stress are as follows. Thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has a fixed value of 0.25 mm and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has a fixed value of 4.79 mm. Thickness tm of die pad  10  has been simulated in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. 
     The von Mises stress monotonically decreases with a thickness tm of die pad  10  from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. 
     In  FIG. 9 , the thick solid line connects the von Mises stress values achieved through the simulation. The von Mises stress monotonically decreases with a thickness of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  from  0 . 200  mm to  0 . 400  mm. In other words, it is possible for the von Mises stress to become smaller as thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  increases, and it can be understood that cracks can be limited. 
     The thin solid line consists of line segments that are linearly approximated as a straight line that passes through circled measuring points between a thickness tm of die pad  10  of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. As a result of the linear approximation, the relationship between von Mises stress F and thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  can be expressed with F=−593×tm+242. In further deliberation, the conversion coefficient from the tm value to the F value is −593. 
       FIG. 10  is a graph showing a correlation between length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the von Mises stress. The execution conditions of the simulation for calculating this von Mises stress are as follows. Thickness tm of die pad  10  has a fixed value of 0.2 mm and thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has a fixed value of 0.25 mm. Length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  has been simulated in the range of 3.12 mm to 4.79 mm. 
       FIG. 10  shows that the von Mises stress monotonically increases with a length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  being at least 3.12 mm and at most 4.79 mm. In other words, it can be understood that the von Mises stress increases as length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  becomes longer. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 8A to 10 , the von Mises stress in nitride semiconductor chip  6  obtain through the simulation, thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , thickness tm of die pad  10 , and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  have all been calculated as variables. 
     Hereinafter, the conditions in which cracks do not occur in nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the von Mises stress does not exceed 110 MPa will be described based on these simulation results. 
       FIG. 11  is a graph showing (i) a result of boundary conditions necessary so cracks do not occur in the nitride semiconductor chip and (ii) a correlation between thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     In the drawing, four lines corresponding to thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  being 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.35 mm (lines with L between 3.12 mm and 4.79 mm) are obtained from the simulation results shown in  FIGS. 8A to 10 . In other words, when the relationship between length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and thickness tm of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  is determined in the case of the von Mises stress being 110 MPa, which is the boundary condition so cracks do not occur, the four lines shown in  FIG. 11  are obtained. 
     The three lines besides the four above lines (approximate expressions (1), (2), and (3)) are curves approximated using a quadratic function that curves protruding downward and will be described later. It can be said that cracks do not occur when thickness tm of die pad  10  is in the region above these curves (i.e., toward the positive end of the vertical axis). 
     A mathematical model and approximate expressions for representing the relationship between thickness tm of die pad  10  and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  will be described next in more detail. 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic view of a laminated model for quantifying warping  6  occurring therein at room temperature. Note that in this model, any discussion pertaining to the adhesive disposed between nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10  is omitted. In  FIG. 12 , the length of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is L, the thickness of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  is tm, the warping degree of die pad  10  is  6 , and the curvature radius is R. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the following approximate expressions are obtained. 
         R   2 =( R −δ) 2 +{( L/ 2) 2 −δ 2 }
 
     Consequently, curvature radius R is expression (1). 
         R=L   2 /8δ  expression (1)
 
     This warping δ occurs due to the difference in thermal contraction between nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the Cu-substrate die pad  10  caused by the temperature difference between when the solder is applied and afterwards when the solder cools down. The thermal contraction of the top surface of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  can be considered to be equal to thermal contraction ΔL c  of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . The contraction of the bottom surface of the Cu-substrate die pad  10  can be considered to be equal to thermal contraction ΔL d  of the material of the die pad. 
     In this case, if one assumes there is no warping at the high temperature, the following expression is obtained. 
       ( R+tm ) θ+Δ L   c   =Rθ+ΔL   d  
 
     Here, ΔL c =α c ×L×ΔT, ΔL d =α d ×L×ΔT. α c  is the coefficient of linear expansion of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , α d  is the linear thermal expansion coefficient of die pad  10 , ΔT is the temperature difference between the high temperature during the soldering and room temperature. 
     Consequently, expression (2) is obtained. 
         tm ×θ=( L×α   d   −L×α   c )ΔT   expression (2)
 
     L=(R+tm)θ is obtained from  FIG. 12 . Since R&gt;&gt;tm, the following approximate expression is obtained. 
         L=Rθ   expression (3)
 
     A relational expression in which R and θ are eliminated from expression (1), expression (2), and expression (3) is as follows. 
       8 δ×tm =(α d −α c ) L   2   ×ΔT  
 
     Consequently, expression (4) is obtained. 
         tm= (α d −α c ) L   2   ×ΔT/ 8δ  expression (4)
 
     According to the experiments performed by the inventors thus far, it is necessary to maintain warping δ of nitride semiconductor chip  6  below or equal to a certain value (e.g. 4 μm) without having to depend on the size of nitride semiconductor chip  6  so that cracks do not occur in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . The reason for this is that the stress inside nitride semiconductor chip  6  increases proportionally from the edges of the chip toward the center thereof and that the stress is the largest in the center of the chip. 
     The cause of this phenomenon is presumed to be because the stress inside nitride semiconductor chip  6  increases proportionally from the edges of the chip toward the center thereof since adhesive  8  (solder) hardens from the edges of nitride semiconductor chip  6  toward the center of nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     As a result, cracks occur easily since the warping becomes greater as nitride semiconductor chip  6  is longer, even when nitride semiconductor chip  6  has warped with the same curvature radius R. 
     Therefore, when ΔT is a certain fixed value, the following expression (5) with β as proportionality coefficient is necessary to set δ in expression (4) at a certain value so that cracks do not occur in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
         tm&gt;βL   2    expression (5)
 
     In other words, it is necessary to proportionally increase thickness tm of die pad  10  to length L squared of nitride semiconductor chip  6  as length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  becomes longer. 
     When calculating a general expression, a following expression (6) is obtained. However, a and b are both constant numbers besides zero. 
         tm=aL   2   +b    expression (6)
 
     As stated above, as a boundary condition for cracks not occurring, the relationship between thickness tm of die pad  10  and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is expressed with expression (6). 
     Constant numbers a and b are determined using the experiments in FIG.  11  and the like, the simulation data, and expression (6). 
     The curve determined with expression (6) is made to be tangent to the three points of the experiment data curve without going below them with tc=0.2 mm in  FIG. 11 , which results in a=2.00×10 −3 , b=0.173. 
         tm≥ 2.00×10 −3   ×L   2 +0.173   expression (7)
 
     This expression (7) corresponds to the curve of approximate expression (1) in  FIG. 11 . 
     Through  FIG. 11  it is understood that the relationship between the thickness of die pad  10 , which includes Cu, and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is tm≥2.00×10 −3 ×L 2 +0.173 in the case of L≥3.12 mm is the boundary condition in which cracks do not occur. 
     It is also understood that the occurrence of cracks can be limited when the die pad thickness is in the area above this curve (i.e., toward the positive end of the vertical axis in  FIG. 11 ). 
     In  FIG. 11 , when tc&gt;0.2 mm, thickness tc of the chip is also included in the calculation parameters since this might be insufficient under the conditions of expression (7). In other words, the results in  FIG. 8B  are used to insert thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  in the function of expression (7). In other words, the correlation between von Mises stress F and thickness tc is as follows when thickness tc is between 0.200 mm and 0.377 mm. 
         F=− 890 tc   2 +670 tc+ 11.3 
     When this expression is inserted into expression (7), the following expression is obtained. 
         tm≥ 2.00×10 −3   ×L   2 +0.173+(−890 ×tc   2 +670 ×tc −98.4)/593
 
     In this expression, when a value of tc=0.25 or 0.35 is used, approximate expression (2) and approximate expression (3) are respectively obtained. It can be said that the occurrence of cracks can be limited with certainty when the die pad thickness is in the area above these curves (i.e., toward the positive end of the vertical axis in  FIG. 11 ). Note that the thickness of the epilayer has a value of zipm in the simulations and experiments. Since cracks occur more easily as the thickness of the epilayer is greater, the relationship between thickness tm of the die pad and length L of the nitride semiconductor chip must satisfy expression (7) when the thickness of the GaN-epilayer is at least zipm in order to limit the occurrence of cracks. 
     A relationship between a yield rate and thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  will be described next. 
       FIG. 13  is a graph showing a correlation between a wafer thickness (i.e., thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6 ) and a process yield of the backgrinding. 
     For manufacturing nitride semiconductor chip  6 , the wafer is made thinner by backgrinding the rear side thereof in order to reduce the thermal resistance after the nitride semiconductor power device has been formed on the wafer. When changing the wafer thickness, which is the thickness of the final nitride semiconductor chip  6 , and examining the process yield of the backgrinding, the result as shown in  FIG. 13  is obtained. 
     It is understood through  FIG. 13  that the process yield of the backgrinding being less than 90% is due to cracks when thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is less than 0.250 mm. 
     The yield can, therefore, be increased when the thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.250 mm. 
     To explain more specifically about thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6 , in the context of lowering the stress in semiconductor device  1 , the thickness of silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  may be as small as possible. 
     However, when nitride semiconductor chip  6  is, for example, made thinner to approximately 0.2 mm, nitride semiconductor chip  6  warps protruding downward even more. It is then that silicon substrate  2  may rupture due to the tensile stress exceeding the permissible stress caused by the backgrinding. The thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is, therefore, preferably at least 0.25 mm. 
     In the context of the heat dissipation, silicon substrate  2  may be as thin as possible since the thermal conductivity of silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is lower than the thermal conductivity of the Cu-substrate die pad  10 . 
     However, when silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is, for example, is made thicker to 0.35 mm or more, the nitride semiconductor (InGaAlN layer 4) will become weaker due to the stress and the temperature will need to be higher due to the influence of the thermal resistance. The thickness of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is, therefore, preferably at most 0.35 mm. 
     The melting point of the solder used as adhesive  8  will be described next. The melting point of adhesive  8  is higher than the melting point of the adhesive used for the secondary mounting for mounting semiconductor device  1  on the printed board, and is, for example, at least 260° C. and at most 330° C. 
       FIG. 14  is a graph showing a correlation between the Pb-weight ratio and the melting point of the Pb-solder. According to  FIG. 14 , for nitride semiconductor chip  6 , for example, the Pb-solder is bonded as adhesive  8 . The solder, which bonds nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the Cu-substrate die pad  10 , is made of a material that includes Pb with a melting point of at least 260° C., keeping in mind the secondary mounting of semiconductor device  1 , such as lead-tin solder (95Pb5Sn) with a melting point of approximately 314° C. Nitride semiconductor chip  6  is a nitride semiconductor including InGaAlN layer 4 disposed on silicon substrate  2  with a thickness of at least 0.25 mm. Lead solder is suitable when joining nitride semiconductor chip  6  to the Cu-substrate die pad  10 . 
     The low melting point of the lead solder, favorable wettability (fluidity, adaptability), and joint strength are superior to those of other adhesives, e.g. gold solder. 
     The maximum melting point of the lead solder is 327° C. Nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the Cu-substrate die pad  10  are, for example, exposed to a temperature during the mounting that is higher than or equal to the melting point of the lead-tin solder (95Pb5Sn), e.g. 360° C. to 370° C. Subsequently, temperature difference ΔT is produced when returning to room temperature from the melting point of the solder. 
     Since the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the Cu-substrate die pad  10 , the contraction of silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is smaller than the contraction of the Cu-substrate. As a result, the nitride semiconductor chip warps protruding upward due to the difference in contraction between silicon substrate  2  of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and the Cu-substrate die pad  10  including. 
     Nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10  are, for example, exposed to a temperature of, for example, 370° C. to 380° C. when being mounted using a gold-silicon (AuSi) solder with a melting point of approximately 363° C. 
     Subsequently, temperature difference ΔT is produced when returning to room temperature from the melting point of the solder. Temperature difference ΔT becomes larger when the melting point of the solder is high, and the difference between the contraction of the silicon substrate of the nitride semiconductor chip and the contraction of the Cu-substrate die pad becomes even greater. 
     Nitride semiconductor chip  6  warps protruding upward even more. 
     The tensile stress on the top surface of the nitride semiconductor, therefore, becomes larger which poses a risk of cracks occurring in the nitride semiconductor. From this point of view, the melting point of the solder may be as low as possible. 
       FIG. 15  is a graph showing a standard thermal profile of the secondary mounting. Through  FIG. 15 , it can be understood that the maximum temperature during the secondary mounting reaches 260° C. Therefore, the Pb-solder inside semiconductor device  1  preferably has a melting point of least 260° C. so that the solder does not remelt, such as the lead-tin solder (95Pb5Sn) with a melting point of approximately 314° C. 
     Warping protruding downward occurs when thickness tp of resin  9  is too great even during the resin sealing after the die bonding (i.e., after nitride semiconductor chip  6  is joined to die pad  10 ). Processing defects may occur during the package dicing because of this. During the experiments performed by the inventors, processing defects due to the warping did not occur when the package thickness (i.e., thickness of resin  9 ) tp=1.2 mm, in the case of the die pad thickness tm=0.4 mm. tm/tp&gt;33% is therefore preferable. 
     A method for manufacturing semiconductor device  1  will be described next. 
       FIG. 16  is a flowchart of an example of the method for manufacturing semiconductor device  1  in the embodiment. In the drawing, a size of one of length L (mm) of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and thickness tm (mm) of die pad  10  is first determined (S 21 ), and then a size of the other of length L and thickness tm is determined within the range of the expression tm ≥a×L 2 +b (S 22 ). a and b are both constant numbers besides zero. For example, a may be 2.00×10 −3  and b may be 0.173. 
     Nitride semiconductor chip  6  is manufactured according to the determined length L and thickness tm (S 23 ), and then semiconductor device  1  is manufactured through the bonding of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10 , wire bonding, resin sealing, and the like. 
     Note that for steps S 21  and S 22 , the design method during the design stage of semiconductor device  1  may also be one process. 
     This makes it possible to limit the occurrence of cracks in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     As described above, semiconductor device  1  that is a surface mount-type device in the present disclosure includes nitride semiconductor chip  6  having a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and including silicon substrate  2  having a first thermal expansion coefficient and In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N layer 4 in contact with a surface of silicon substrate  2 , where 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1; die pad  10  including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient; and adhesive  8  that joins a backside of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10 . The thickness of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.2 mm, length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is at least 3.12 mm and thickness tm of die pad  10  and length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  satisfy tm≥2.00×10 −3 ×L 2 +0.173, tm being a thickness in mm and L being a length in mm. 
     This makes it possible to limit the occurrence of cracks in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     Semiconductor device  1  is a rectangular package having terminals  11  including gate terminal  11   g,  source terminals  11   s,  and drain terminals  11   d,  and out of terminals  11 , all terminals disposed at the second side may be are separated from die pad  10 . 
     Semiconductor device is a rectangular package having terminals  11  including gate terminal  11   g,  source terminals  11   s,  and drain terminals  11   d,  and source terminals  11   s  and drain terminals  11   d  are disposed respectively at two opposed sides of the rectangular package. 
     This facilitates maintaining the pressure resistance between the drain and the source. 
     Out of two opposed main surfaces of die pad  10 , the main surface not joined to nitride semiconductor chip  6  may be exposed from semiconductor device  1 . 
     This makes it possible to facilitate heat dissipation to an exterior of die pad  10 . 
     The first side and the second side may have an equal number of terminals. 
     This makes it possible to limit mounting bias and the like of semiconductor device  1  during the secondary mounting at the first side and the second side. 
     Terminals  11  may be substantially flush with a lateral surface of the rectangular package. 
     This makes it possible to keep the mounting surface of semiconductor device  1  during the secondary mounting at an absolute minimum. 
     Thickness tc of the nitride semiconductor chip is at least 0.200 mm and at most 0.377 mm, and thickness tm, length L, and thickness tc may satisfy tm≥2.00×10 −3 ×L 2 +0.173+(−890×tc 2 +670×tc−98.4)/593. 
     This makes it possible to limit the occurrence of cracks with more certainty even when thickness tc of nitride semiconductor chip  6  is larger than 0.200 mm. 
     The thickness of nitride semiconductor chip  6  may be at least 0.25 mm. 
     This makes it possible to increase the process yield of the backgrinding of nitride semiconductor chip  6  during the wafer stage. 
     Adhesive  8  may include solder containing lead. 
     The melting point of adhesive  8  may be higher than the melting point of a secondary mounting adhesive for mounting semiconductor device  1  on a printed circuit board. 
     The melting point of adhesive  8  may be at least 260° C. and at most 330° C. 
     This makes it possible to reduce warping during the second stage. The mounting can be performed more reliably since adhesive  8  does not melt during the secondary mounting. 
     A method for manufacturing semiconductor device  1  including (i) nitride semiconductor chip  6  having a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and including silicon substrate  2  having a first thermal expansion coefficient and In x Ga y Al 1-x-y N layer  4  in contact with a surface of silicon substrate  2 , where 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1, and (ii) die pad  10  including Cu and having a second thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than the first thermal expansion coefficient, and (iii) adhesive  8  that joins a backside of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and die pad  10  in the present disclosure includes determining a size of one of length L of nitride semiconductor chip  6  and thickness tm of die pad  10 , L being a length in mm and tm being a thickness in mm; and determining a size of the other of length L and thickness tm that satisfies tm≥2.00×10 −3 ×L 2 +0.173, L being at least 3.12 mm. 
     This makes it possible to limit the occurrence of cracks in nitride semiconductor chip  6 . 
     Although only some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present disclosure can provide a nitride semiconductor device in which warping of a nitride semiconductor chip and stress is limited. Since a nitride semiconductor device with superior heat dissipation and high reliability can be provided, the nitride semiconductor device in the present disclosure is useful.