Patent Publication Number: US-2009238664-A1

Title: Storing apparatus and transporting system with storage

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a storage such as a stocker for temporarily storing a load (i.e., a transported object or an object), such as a FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod) for accommodating or housing various substrates for manufacturing semiconductor elements and the like, at the position located close to a track, in a traveling system for transporting the load on the track; a storage set constructed by combining a plurality of such storages; a storing apparatus in which particularly such a storage set is installed along the track; and a transporting system with the storage, equipped with such a storing apparatus. Here, the “load” (i.e., the “transported object” or “object”) in the present invention means a product, an intermediate product, a part, an article, a work, a partly-finished good, a good or the like (e.g, a semiconductor or LCD device), or means a box or container for containing such a product or the like (e.g, a container containing the semiconductor or LCD device), which has been transported or is to be transported by the transporting carriage. The load may be a carrier for containing an object to be carried such as a FOUP. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     This kind of storage is installed close to a track on which a transporting carriage such as a vehicle travels, for example. In the storage, many rack portions are installed so as to store many loads which are transported or to be transported by the transporting carriage. Further, an in-storage transporting apparatus, which is called as a “stacker robot”, a “stacker crane” or the like, is provided to perform the transportation of the load between a “port” and the assigned or designated rack portion (i.e., to perform transportation within the storage). The “port” is to perform the delivery-and-receipt or the taking-out and putting-in of the load (i.e., loading and unloading of the load) between the inside of such a storage and the transporting carriage. Especially, the transportation within the storage including many rack portions arranged crisscross is made possible by the stacker robot or the like. For example, large storages, which allow loading, unloading, and storage of many loads such as several ten to several hundred loads and which weigh several ton to dozen tons, have been also put in practical use (refer to Japanese Patent Application Publication Laying Open No. 2006-049454 and 2003-182815). 
     However, according to the large storage in each of the above described related arts NO. 2006-049454 and 2003-182815, the control and structure of the in-storage transporting apparatus such as a stacker robot or the like are basically complicated and highly sophisticated, and thus the in-storage transporting apparatus is high-cost. As for the control thereof, the complicated, highly sophisticated, and high-cost control is required using a controlling apparatus with a high processing capability. 
     In contrast to the large storage, a small storage has been suggested by the present inventors, which is provided only with a small number of rack portions of ten percent of those of a general storage used for semiconductor manufacturing. Such a small storage can be provided relatively inexpensively because of the less number of rack portions; however, it is high-cost to use the aforementioned controlling apparatus for the control of this one small storage. It is thus attempted to use one controlling apparatus to control a plurality of stockers; however, if the controlling apparatus breaks down or goes out of order, for example, the loading and unloading operation by all the stacker robots can be no longer performed and at least one portion of the transporting system is stopped, which is a technical problem. 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a storage, which allows efficient loading and unloading of a load by use of a relatively simple structure and which can increase the reliability and maintain the high capacity utilization; a storage set constructed by combining a plurality of such storages; a storing apparatus in which particularly such a storage set is installed along the track; and a transporting system with the storage, equipped with such a storing apparatus. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The above object of the present invention can be achieved by a storing apparatus provided with a storage set installed along a track, the storage set being constructed by combining a plurality of storages in each of which loading and unloading of a load is performed with a transporting carriage for transporting the load on the track, each of the plurality of storages provided with: a driving device capable of reciprocating the load in a horizontal one direction and in a vertical direction; and a rack having a plurality of rack portions at a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, each stage including one or a plurality of rack portions in the horizontal one direction, the rack portion capable of accommodating or putting thereon the load to be displaced by the driving device, the storing apparatus provided with a plurality of controllers, which control the loading and unloading in respective groups, each group provided with at least one or a plurality of storages of the plurality of the storages, and which can perform complementary control with each other. 
     According to the storing apparatus of the present invention, in the loading, if the load is transferred from the transporting carriage to the port for loading and unloading the individual storage, which constitutes the storage set, the load is moved to the desired rack portion by the driving device, which is provided with the vertical driving portion and the horizontal driving portion. In other words, in-storage transportation is performed. In the unloading, the load is in-storage transported by the driving device from the desired rack portion. Then, if the load is moved to the port of the storage set, the transfer to the transporting carriage is performed. 
     In the present invention, in particular, the rack has the plurality of rack portions at the plurality of stages in the vertical direction, each stage including the one and the plurality of rack portions in the horizontal one direction. The driving device can reciprocate the load in the horizontal one direction and in the vertical direction, in association with the rack. Therefore, the two-axis motion in the vertical direction and the horizontal one direction allow the in-storage transportation of the load from the port for loading and unloading (or another rack portion) to the desired one of the rack portions. Alternatively, the two-axis motion in the vertical direction and the horizontal one direction allows the in-storage transportation of the load from the desired one of rack portions to the port for loading and unloading (or another rack portion). 
     As for the individual storage, for example, the entire bone structure of is constructed such that the rack has a thin, plane-like shape, such as having m stages (wherein m is a natural number of 2 or more) in the vertical direction, n lines (wherein n is a natural number of 1 or more) in the horizontal direction, and only one line in the remaining horizontal one direction perpendicular thereto (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “thickness direction”). 
     According to the present invention, however, the storing apparatus is provided with the plurality of controllers, and each controller controls the loading and unloading of the load in each group, which is provided with the one or the plurality of groups. Specifically, each controller transmits an instruction signal to load or unload the predetermined number of loads in predetermined time with a predetermined transporting carriage, for example, to a sequencer built in the driving device in the individual storage. The sequencer that has received the instruction signal controls the driving device and allows the loading and unloading based on the instruction signal with the predetermined transporting carriage. By controlling the loading and unloading with the transporting carriage in the individual storage in each group, for example, a load stock status is managed in each group, or a rack status (i.e. whether or not the load is put) is managed. Specifically, for example, an integrated management system transmits instruction signals which indicate the identification number of the load to be unloaded and the entrance of the storage on which the load is put, to the controller provided with the storage. The controller that has received the instruction signals controls the driving device to transport the load with the ID from the rack on which the load is put to the entrance. 
     In particular, each controller is adapted to perform mutual complementary control in the case of a failure or abnormality, while performing such distributed control in the normal time. Here, the “complementary control” denotes that even if one of the plurality of controllers can no longer operate, another controller controls the group that is supposed to be controlled by the one controller. In other words, it means that another controller complements the one controller and performs the control. Therefore, for example, when one controller is down because of the failure, abnormality, or the like, if relatively simple control change, such as changing a control line, allows the group that has been controlled by the down controller to be controlled by another normal controller, then a reduction in the capacity utilization of the transporting system can be prevented at a minimum or closer level. Incidentally, the complementary control may be control or management identical to the original control. Alternatively, it may be more or less inferior to the original control, in terms of the processing time, control content, or the like, as provisional control until the broken controller is repaired. 
     For example, the plurality of controllers make pairs in advance. In the case of the failure, abnormality, or the like of one controller, the other paired controller of the one controller may perform the complementary control, instead of the one controller. Alternatively, for example, the plurality of controllers are classified into a plurality of groups in advance, and in the case of the failure, abnormality, or the like of one controller, another controller of the one or the plurality of controllers which are classified in the same group as that of the one controller may perform the complementary control, instead of the one controller. Alternatively, in the case of the failure, abnormality, or the like of one controller, any of the remaining controllers that is in the status or condition suitable for the complementary control is selected, and the selected controller may perform the complementary control, instead of the one controller. 
     Therefore, if the individual controllers have processing abilities extra enough to perform the complementary control in the failure or the like of one controller, the individual controllers can perform the complementary control in the storing apparatus. This is extremely useful from the viewpoint of efficient utilization of the processing abilities or from the economic viewpoint, compared to if the plurality of controllers are redundantly provided in each group. 
     In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to combine the number of storages that matches the gap between various apparatuses or the like in the direction along the track installed in a factory, which is extremely useful in practice. In other words, regardless of how the gap is designed between the apparatuses installed along the track, the design can be sufficiently within an allowance if the storage set of the present invention is used. Moreover, the in-storage transportation in the individual storage is extremely efficiently performed by the two-axis motion which thinly extends in the thickness direction as described above, i.e. the two-axis motion with respect to the rack having the plurality of rack portions located at each stage throughout the plurality of stages. Incidentally, the plurality of storages which constitute the storage set may be disposed separately in two gaps which sandwich the apparatus therebetween. 
     As described above, the storage set can be disposed in the condition that the predetermined number of storages is combined, in a relatively small gap or relatively large gap along the track of the transporting carriage. In particular, by using the plurality of controllers to perform the distributed control and to allow the complementary control, it is possible to efficiently use a hardware resource and improve economic efficiency while maintaining the high capacity utilization of the storing apparatus including the storage set or the transporting system as a whole. 
     In one aspect of the storing apparatus of the present invention, it is further provided with a changing device for changing a control path by the plurality of controllers to a control path for complementary control. 
     According to this aspect, for example, each controller and its control target, i.e. the driving device, are connected by the control path, such as a wired or wireless control cable or control line. In the failure or the like, the changing device such as a changeover switch for changing the cable or line changes the control path by the plurality of controllers to the control path for complementary control. Thus, even if one controller can no longer operate, the changing device allows the complementary control to be started extremely quickly, so it is extremely useful in increasing the capacity utilization of the storing apparatus or the transporting system as a whole. Incidentally, the changing device may be manually changed by a system administrator in a trial run, emergency, or the like. 
     In this aspect, if a failure or abnormality is detected in one of the plurality of controllers, the changing device may perform the changing such that the complementary control of the one controller is performed by another of the plurality of controllers. 
     By virtue of such construction, for example, by the controllers&#39; mutual monitoring of the failure or abnormality or by a monitoring device exclusive to monitor the failure or the like of the individual controller, the failure or the like of one of the plurality of controllers is detected. If the failure or the like is detected in this manner, the changing device allows another of the plurality of controllers to perform the complementary control of the one controller related to the failure or the like. Thus, even if one controller can no longer operate, it is possible to start the complementary control by the changing device, extremely quickly, and it is further useful in increasing the capacity utilization of the storing apparatus or the transporting system as a whole. 
     Incidentally, a user or operator who detects the failure or the like may manually or semi-manually perform the changing operation of changing to the complementary control. 
     In another aspect of the storing apparatus of the present invention, the driving device comprises: a putting portion having a first putting surface which can support the load from a bottom side of the load; a horizontal driving portion capable of reciprocating the putting portion in the horizontal one direction; and a vertical driving portion capable of reciprocating the putting portion in the vertical direction, and the rack has second putting surfaces as the rack portions, one or a plurality of second putting surfaces being disposed at horizontal positions to which the horizontal driving portion can access, each second putting surface capable of transferring the load with the first putting surface. 
     According to this aspect, the operation of the driving device is the two-axis motion in which the driving device reciprocates in the horizontal one direction and the vertical direction in the thin storage. Thus, the control is much easier than when a stacker robot or the like is controlled. By such a driving device, in the loading, for example, the load is transferred from the transporting carriage onto the second putting surface which functions as the port for loading and unloading. Then, the load, transferred on the second putting surface which functions as the port, is put onto the first putting surface of the putting portion which can move in the two-axis directions. For example, the first and second putting surfaces are constructed to support mutually different portions on the bottom surface of the load (typically, a central-side portion and a peripheral-side portion), and either one can support the load. When the putting portion is moved to the horizontal position and vertical position at which the second putting surface which functions as the port exists, the load is supported on the first putting surface instead of the second putting surface which functions as the port, by which the transfer is performed from the second putting surface to the first putting surface. Typically, the first putting surface is moved by the vertical driving portion until it is above the second putting surface, by which the load is supported by the first putting surface. By this, the in-storage transportation in the loading is started. Here, the simple two-axis operation by the vertical driving portion and the horizontal driving portion allows the quick in-storage transportation to any of the second putting surfaces in the rack. 
     Then, when the putting portion is moved to the horizontal position and vertical position at which the second putting surface to be used for storage exists, the load is supported on the second putting surface instead of the first putting surface, by which the transfer is performed from the first putting surface to the second putting surface. Typically, the first putting surface is moved by the vertical driving portion until it is below the second putting surface, by which the load is supported by the second putting surface. By this, the in-storage transportation in the loading is ended, and the storage in the rack is started. 
     On the other hand, in the unloading, the putting portion is moved to the vertical position and horizontal position at which the second putting surface on which the load to be unloaded is put exists. Then, the load is supported on the first putting surface instead of the second putting surface, by which the transfer is performed from the second putting surface to the first putting surface. Typically, the first putting surface is moved by the vertical driving portion until it is above the second putting surface, by which the load is supported by the first putting surface. By this, the in-storage transportation in the unloading is started. Then, the putting portion is moved to the vertical position and horizontal position at which the second putting surface which functions as the port exists. Here, the simple two-axis operation by the vertical driving portion and the horizontal driving portion allows the quick in-storage transportation from any of the second putting surfaces in the rack. 
     Then, the load is supported on the second putting surface which functions as the port instead of the first putting surface, by which the transfer is performed from the first putting surface to the second putting surface which functions as the port. Typically, the first putting surface is moved by the vertical driving portion until it is below the second putting surface, by which the load is supported by the second putting surface. By this, the in-storage transportation in the unloading is ended, and the transfer from the port to the transporting carriage is ready. 
     Then, the transporting carriage which has been already waiting at a position on the track facing the port for loading and unloading or which will reach to this position next allows the transfer from the port to the transporting carriage. 
     Consequently, the relatively simple structure, i.e. the putting portion which is moved in the two-axis direction by the driving device, and the simple control allow the in-storage transportation. Moreover, the in-storage transportation by the driving device can be performed while the transfer is performed between the transporting carriage and the port. That also dramatically improves the transportation efficiency in the storage. 
     The above object of the present invention can be achieved by a transporting system with a storage, provided with: the aforementioned storing apparatus of the present invention (including its various aspects); the track; and the transporting carriage. 
     According to the transporting system with the storage of the present invention, since it has the aforementioned storing apparatus of the present invention, in which the plurality of controllers are used to perform the distributed control and to allow the complementary control. Thus, it is possible to efficiently use a hardware resource and improve economic efficiency while maintaining the high capacity utilization of the storing apparatus including the storage set or the transporting system as a whole. 
     The nature, utility, and further features of this invention will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed description with reference to preferred embodiment of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings briefly described below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the appearance of a transporting system provided with a storage in a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross sectional view showing the internal structure of the storage in the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3A  is a cross sectional view showing an engaging condition of first and second putting surfaces in the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3B  is a cross sectional view showing an engaging condition of first and second putting surfaces in the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 4A  is a plan view showing an operational condition in horizontal one direction of a putting portion in the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 4B  is a plan view showing an operational condition in horizontal one direction of the putting portion in the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view showing a practical arrangement condition of the storage in the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing the appearance of a transporting system including a storage set in a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram showing the structure of a transporting system in a third embodiment; and 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing the complementary control process of the transporting system in the third embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
     Firstly, the structure of a storage in a first embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 3B .  FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the appearance of a transporting system provided with the storage in the first embodiment.  FIG. 2  is a cross sectional view showing the internal structure of the storage in the first embodiment.  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3B  are cross sectional views showing engaging conditions of first and second putting surfaces in the first embodiment with respect to a load. 
     In  FIG. 1 , a transporting system  100  is provided with a rail  1 , a transporting carriage  2 , a stocker  10  (which is one example of the “storage” of the present invention), and a controller  20 . The transporting system  100  drives the transporting carriage  2 , and then transports a FOUP  3  on the rail  1 . The rail  1 , which is an example of the “track” of the present invention, functions as a track for the transporting carriage  2  to travel thereon. 
     The transporting carriage  2  is the OHT (Overhead Hoist Transport) driven by, for example, a linear motor and transports the FOUP  3  to the stocker  10 , a not-illustrated manufacturing apparatus, OHT buffer, large scale stocker, and the like. The transporting carriage  2  includes therein a hoist  2   a  which moves in the vertical direction. 
     Upon transporting, the hoist  2   a  holds a flange  4  of the FOUP  3  which is to be transported, by a holding mechanism for example. The hoist  2   a  is constructed to be able to move up and down in the vertical direction below the rail  1  by a hoisting mechanism such as a take-up belt and a take-down belt. Upon loading or unloading the FOUP  3  with the stocker  10 , the hoist  2   a  moves to the position above a port for loading and unloading of the stocker  10 . At the position where the hoist  2   a  moves down to the port, the hoist  2   a  holds or releases the flange  4 . At this position, the bottom surface of the FOUP  3  contacts with the second putting surface (i.e., the floor surface of the port) described later. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the FOUP  3 , which is an example of the “load” of the present invention, is transported in the stocker  10  (i.e., is transported in the storage) for unloading and loading with respect to the transporting carriage  2  and for the adjustment of the storing position and so on. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3B , the FOUP  3  has concave parts  5  and  6  on the bottom surface. The concave part  5  is formed to have the size corresponding to a convex part  16  placed in a rack  15  described later. On the other hand, the concave part  6  is formed to have the size corresponding to a convex part  12  placed in a putting portion  11  described later. 
     In  FIG. 1  again, on the basis of the process schedule of a semiconductor device manufacturing for example, the controller  20  orders the transporting carriage  2  and the stocker  10  to transport, load, and unload (which includes in-storage transporting) the FOUP  3 . In response to this order, the transporting carriage  2  and the stocker  10  are driven, the FOUP  3  is transported by the transporting carriage  2 , and various processes are performed on the transported FOUP  3 , by which the semiconductor device is manufactured. 
     (Single Storage) 
     The stocker  10 , as one example of the “storage” of the present invention, is installed adjacent to the rail  1  and stores a plurality of FOUPs  3 . 
     In  FIG. 2 , the stocker  10  has: an in-storage transporting apparatus  19  including a putting portion  11 , a horizontal driving portion  13 , and a vertical driving portion  14 ; and a plurality of racks  15 . The in-storage transporting apparatus  19 , as one example of the “driving portion” of the present invention, is provided with a not-illustrated robot controller. The robot controller responds to the order or instruction from a controller  20  and drives each device or portion of the in-storage transporting apparatus  19 , to thereby transfer the FOUP  3  among the racks  15 . By this transferring, the FOUP  3  is put on the intended rack (i.e. a rack for storing or keeping) among the racks  15 . Thus the FOUP  3  is stored in the stocker  10 . Alternatively, as described later in detail, the FOUP  3  is transferred to a rack  15  which functions as a port for loading and unloading. 
     In order to transfer the FOUP  3  among the racks  15 , the putting portion  11  is moved in the horizontal one direction by the horizontal driving portion  13 , and is moved in the vertical direction by the vertical driving portion  14 . The putting portion  11  has a first putting surface  11   a  at the top surface thereof. In the transfer, the first putting surface  11   a  contacts with the bottom surface of the FOUP  3  and supports the FOUP  3  from its bottom side. On the first putting surface  11   a , the convex part  12  is formed as a supporting component. As shown in  FIG. 3B , the convex part  12  is formed to have the size corresponding to the concave part  6  of the FOUP  3 . In the transfer, the convex part  12  is engaged to this concave part  6 . 
     In  FIG. 2  again, the horizontal driving portion  13  is driven on a horizontal guide  17  which extends in the horizontal one direction by a not-illustrated motor for example. The horizontal driving portion  13  is connected with the putting portion  11  and reciprocates the putting portion  11  along the horizontal guide  17  in a horizontal one direction D 1 . 
     The vertical driving portion  14  is driven on a vertical guide  18  which extends in the vertical direction by a not-illustrated motor for example. To the vertical driving portion  14 , the center portion of the horizontal guide  17  is fixed. The vertical driving portion  14  reciprocates the horizontal guide  17  along the vertical guide  18  in a vertical direction D 2 . In the reciprocation, the putting portion  11  is located at the center portion of the horizontal guide  17 . In this manner, the putting portion  11  is moved in two-axis directions of the vertical direction and the horizontal one direction by the horizontal driving portion  13  and the vertical driving portion  14 . 
     The racks  15  are provided with  14  racks in total of 7 stages in the vertical direction, 2 lines in the horizontal one direction, and 1 line in the thickness direction. The putting portion  11  moves among the  14  racks  15 , by which the FOUP  3  is transferred. Each rack  15  has a second putting surface  15   a  on the top surface thereof. On this second putting surface  15   a , the FOUP  3  is put. On the second putting surface  15   a , a convex part  16  is formed as a supporting component. As shown in  FIG. 3A , the convex part  16  is formed to have the size corresponding to the concave part  5  of the FOUP  3 . In putting (as well as storing or keeping) the FOUP  3 , the convex part  16  is engaged to this concave part  5 . 
     In  FIG. 2  again, one of the  14  racks  15  (in other words, the second putting surface  15   a  which the one rack  15  has) functions as the port for loading and unloading, to deliver and receive (or transfer) the FOUP  3  with the transporting carriage  2 . The rack  15 , which is set as a port, is one of the two racks existing on the top stage (i.e., one rack  15  located in an area P 1  shown by a two dot chain line in  FIG. 2 ). The main unit  10   a  of the stocker  10 , located above and on the lateral side of this one rack  15 , is opened so that the FOUP  3  can be loaded and unloaded therethrough. 
     Incidentally, not only the one rack  15  set as a port, but also the putting portion  11  moved to the area P 1  may function as an additional port. Alternatively, the putting portion  11  may function as the sole port instead of the one rack  15 . In this case, if the putting portion  11  on which the FOUP  3  is not put is disposed in the area P 1  without the rack  15  disposed in the area P 1 , the FOUP  3  is directly loaded from the transporting carriage  2  to the putting portion  11 . Alternatively, if the putting portion  11  on which the FOUP  3  is put is disposed in the area P 1 , the FOUP  3  is directly unloaded to the transporting carriage  2  from the putting portion  11 . 
     As for the arrangement of the stocker  10 , the rack  15  set as a port is placed below the rail  1 . Specifically, the azimuth of the horizontal one direction in which the putting portion  11  is moved perpendicularly intersects the azimuth of the rail  1 . 
     Next, with reference to  FIG. 4A , the figure of the first and second putting surfaces related to this embodiment will be explained. Here,  FIG. 4A  is a plan view showing an operational condition in the horizontal one direction of the putting portion in this embodiment. Specifically,  FIG. 4A  corresponds to the A 1 -A 1  cross section in  FIG. 2  and shows two lines of the racks  15  (i.e. the second putting surface  15   a ) set at the top stage of the stocker  10 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , when viewed from the top surface side of the stocker  10 , the second putting surface  15   a  is formed into a U character like a horseshoe, and the first putting surface  11   a  is formed into a square like an island to occupy the center of the U character. Therefore the first putting surface  11   a  and the second putting surfaces  15   a  have respectively a flat shape complemented by each other. Between the first putting surface  11   a  and the second putting surfaces  15   a , the FOUP  3  is transferred. 
     Incidentally, in the example shown in  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3B  as well as  FIG. 4A , when viewed in a planar manner, the first putting surface  11   a  lies inside the second putting surface  15   a  and has a smaller external diameter than the second putting surface  15   a.  However, conversely, the first putting surface  11   a  and the second putting surface  15   a  may be constructed such that the first putting surface  11   a  lies outside the second putting surface  15   a  and has a larger external diameter than the second putting surface  15   a.  In this case, as a modified example of the figures of the first putting surface  11   a  and the second putting surface  15   a  shown in  FIG. 4A , as shown in  FIG. 4B  for example, when viewed from the top surface side of the stocker  30 , the first putting surface  31   a  is formed into a U character like a horseshoe, and the second putting surface  35   a  is formed into a square like an island to occupy the center of the U character. As described above, the stability in the in-storage transportation with the FOUP  3  put on the putting portion  31  is increased when the first putting surface  31   a  moved from side to side or up and down is made larger, so that it is helpful to prevent the drop and jounce of the FOUP  3 . 
     (In-Storage Transporting Operation) 
     Next, with reference to  FIG. 2  to  FIG. 4B , an explanation will be given on transferring the load in the storage related to this embodiment, that is, the operation of in-storage transporting (i.e., the transporting within the storage). 
     In  FIG. 2  as well as  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B , the FOUP  3 , which is loaded by the transporting carriage  2  and is put on one second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 1 , is transferred to another second putting surface  15   a  (shown by an area P 2 , in  FIG. 2  as well as  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B ) in the same stage. In this case, first, the putting portion  11  (which is shown by the broken line in  FIG. 2 ), which has finished transporting the FOUP  3  onto the second putting surface  15   a  in an area P 3 , is moved to just under the second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 1 . At this occasion, the putting portion  11  is moved to an approximate center of the horizontal guide  17  by the horizontal driving portion  13 , and after that, the putting portion  11  is moved to the predetermined vertical position along the vertical guide  18  by the vertical driving portion  14 . This predetermined vertical position is below the second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 1 . After that, the putting portion  11 , existing at the predetermined vertical position, is moved to the predetermined horizontal position (which is shown by the solid line in  FIG. 2 ) along the horizontal guide  17  by the horizontal driving portion  13 . As shown in  FIG. 3A , this predetermined horizontal position is a position where the convex part  12  of the putting portion  11  exists on the lower side in the vertical direction of the concave part  6  of a FOUP  3 . 
     The putting portion  11 , which has been moved to the predetermined vertical position and horizontal position, is then moved upwards by the vertical driving portion  14 . By moving upwards, the first putting surface  11   a  passes through the center of the second putting surface  15   a.  Then, as shown in  FIG. 3B , the first putting surface  11   a  is raised above the second putting surface  15   a.  At this time, the concave part  5  and the convex part  16  are disengaged in the area P 1 . Then, in place of the second putting surface  15   a , the FOUP  3  is supported on the first putting surface  11   a,  and the convex part  12  of the putting portion  11  and the concave part  6  of the FOUP  3  are engaged with each other. Thus the FOUP  3  is transferred from the second putting surface  15   a  to the first putting surface  11   a.    
     The putting portion  11  on which the FOUP  3  has been transferred is moved to right above the second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 2 . At this occasion, the putting portion  11  is moved to the predetermined horizontal position in the horizontal one direction by the horizontal driving portion  13 . The predetermined horizontal position is a position where the concave part  5  of the FOUP  3  exists on the upper side in the vertical direction of the convex part  16  of the second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 2 . The putting portion  11 , which has been moved to the predetermined horizontal position, is moved downwards by the vertical driving portion  14 . By moving downwards, the first putting surface  11   a  passes through the center of the second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 2 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 3A , the first putting surface  11   a  is lowered below the second putting surface  15   a.  At this time, the convex part  12  and the concave part  6  in the area P 2  are disengaged in the area P 2 . By this, the FOUP  3  is supported on the second putting surface  15   a  in place of the first putting surface  11   a , and the concave part  5  of the FOUP  3  and the convex part  16  of the second putting surface  15   a  are engaged with each other. Thus the FOUP  3  is transferred from the first putting surface  11   a  to the second putting surface  15   a  in the area P 2 . For this reason, the operation of transferring the FOUP  3  from the area P 1 , which is set as a port, to the area P 2  is completed. Incidentally, if the operation of transferring is performed in the inverse process, transferring from the area P 2  to the area P 1  is operated. Therefore, the above described operation of transferring through the port is also the operation for loading and unloading the FOUP  3  between the transporting carriage  2  and the stocker  10 . 
     As described above, according to the stocker  10  in this embodiment, the stocker  10  extends in the vertical direction and the horizontal one direction, and the stocker  10  is constructed to be extremely thin, including the space needed for the thickness of one FOUP  3  and the movement of the horizontal driving portion  13  and the vertical driving portion  14 , in the thickness direction. For this reason, into an even relatively small space along the rail  1 , the stocker  10  can be disposed. The putting portion  11  which moves in the two-axis directions is not needed in the loading and unloading between the port and the transporting carriage  2 , and the putting portion  11  does not interfere with the operation of loading and unloading. Thus it is possible to load and unload the FOUP  3  efficiently and it is also possible to perform the in-storage transportation efficiently, by use of a simple structure. 
     Next, with reference to  FIG. 5 , the arrangement of the storage is explained.  FIG. 5  is a plan view showing a practical arrangement condition of the storage in the first embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the storage is arranged in the space between the manufacturing apparatuses and the like, set along the track in a factory, such as a semiconductor manufacturing factory. The size of the stocker  10  in the thickness direction is designed to correspond to the space (or gap) between the manufacturing apparatuses  9 . Between the manufacturing apparatuses  9 , the space S 1  for maintenance is reserved. By inserting the stocker  10  into the space S 1 , the space S 1 , which may be called as a wasted space except at the time of maintenance, is utilized effectively. The manufacturing apparatuses  9  and the stocker  10  arranged between these manufacturing apparatuses  9  are arranged in such a manner that the horizontal one direction, in which the putting portion is moved, perpendicularly intersects the rail  1 . 
     Additionally, although the stocker  10  shown in  FIG. 5  is arranged alone, the stocker  10  may be arranged in the form of the stocker set which consists of a plurality of stockers, in line with the space between manufacturing apparatuses. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Next, as a second embodiment of the present invention, a storage set constructed by combining a plurality of storages in the first embodiment is explained with referring to  FIG. 6 . Here,  FIG. 6  is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the transporting system including the storage set of this embodiment, whose general purpose is the same as that of  FIG. 1 . Incidentally, in the transporting system shown in  FIG. 6 , the same constituent elements as those in the transporting system  100  shown in  FIG. 1  carry the same reference numerals and the explanations thereof are omitted. 
     In  FIG. 6 , a transporting system  500  is provided with the rail  1 , the transporting carriage  2 , and a plurality of stocker sets  10   x.  In the transporting system  500 , the transporting carriage  2  is driven to thereby perform the transportation of the FOUP  3  on the rail  1  by a not-illustrated controller in the same manner as the transporting system  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The stocker set  10   x  has six stockers  10 . Each stocker  10  is provided with an in-storage transporting apparatus  19  including the not-illustrated putting portion; and the plurality of racks  15 , in the same manner as in the stocker  10  shown in  FIG. 1 . The in-storage transporting apparatus  19  moves the putting portion in the two-axis directions of the horizontal one direction and the vertical direction. Thus the in-storage transporting apparatus  19  transfers the FOUP  3  among the racks  15 . One rack  15  located on the top stage of the racks  15  (i.e., the rack on which the FOUP  3  is put in  FIG. 10 ) functions as a port for loading and unloading. 
     The six stockers  10  included in the stocker set  10   x  are arranged such that the racks  15  for unloading and loading are arranged in one line below the rail  1  and along the rail  1 . Each stocker  10  is arranged such that the azimuth of the horizontal one direction in which the putting portion is moved perpendicularly intersects the azimuth of the rail  1 . 
     (Loading and Unloading Operation in the Storage Set) 
     The operation for loading and unloading between the transporting carriage  2  and the stocker set  10   x  in the second embodiment, will be simply explained. 
     In the  FIG. 6 , when each of the six stockers  10  in the stocker set  10   x  stores the different FOUP  3 , the transporting carriage  2  reciprocates between (i) the narrow area where the rail  1  exists in correspondence with the stocker set  10   x  and (ii) the destination of each FOUP  3 . Thus the different six types of FOUPs  3  can be loaded and unloaded. In this case, the FOUP  3  of the second stocker  10 , which is arranged on the downstream side of the first stocker  10 , can be unloaded by the transporting carriage  2 , which has just finished the loading to the first stocker  10 , which is arranged on the upstream side of the rail  1 . Furthermore, when a plurality of transporting carriages  2  travel to this stocker set  10   x , the six FOUPs  3  can be simultaneously loaded and unloaded at the six stockers  10 . 
     As described above, according to the second embodiment, the storage set  10   x , in which the total number of the stockers  10  is adjusted, can be appropriately arranged in a relatively small space or a large space along the rail  1 . The stockers  10  constituting the stocker set  10   x  are arranged such that the ports in the stockers  10  are arranged in one line along the rail  1 . For this reason, the operation for loading and unloading can be performed on any port by the transporting carriage  2  which travels on the rail  1 , so that the transferring efficiency is extremely improved. 
     Third Embodiment 
     Next, an explanation will be given on a transporting system provided with a storing apparatus, which includes the storage in the first embodiment and the storage set in the second embodiment, as a third embodiment of the present invention, with reference to  FIG. 7 .  FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram showing the structure of the transporting system in the third embodiment. 
     In  FIG. 7 , a transporting system  600  is provided with a plurality of controllers  20 ; a MCS (Material Control System)  21 ; an OHVC  22 ; and a group information database (DB)  23 , which are connected to each other by a wired or wireless control line. In the transporting system  600 , the plurality of stockers  10  or the like installed along the rail  1  are divided into a plurality of groups G 1 , G 2 , and so on, as a control unit. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the group G 1  is provided with the stocker set  10   x  constructed by combining five stockers  10 . The group G 2  is provided with two stockers  10 , each being disposed between two of the three manufacturing apparatus  9 . Each of the stockers  10  is provided with a driving device. Each of the groups G 1 , G 2 , and so on is the control target of respective one of the controllers  20  and is assigned to at least one controller  20 . 
     Each of the plurality of controllers  20  performs the control of loading and unloading, inventory management, rack management, or the like on the assigned group. Typically, each controller  20  is connected with the stockers  10  in the assigned group by a wired or wireless control line. Specifically, a first controller  20   a  to which the group G 1  is assigned is connected with each of the in-storage transporting apparatuses  19  of the five stockers  10 . A second controller  20   b  to which the group G 2  is assigned is connected with each of the in-storage transporting apparatuses  19  of the two stockers  10 . 
     In particular, in the embodiment, if any of the plurality of controllers  20  breaks down or goes out of order, another controller  20  performs complementary control, instead of the broken or out-of-order controller  20 . As for the combination of the controllers which perform the complementary control, the first controller  20   a  for controlling the group G 1  and the second controller  20   b  for controlling the group G 2  make a pair. In this case, when the first controller  20   a  breaks down or goes out of order, the first controller  20   a  is stopped, and instead of the first controller  20   a , the second controller  20   b  controls the group G 1  and the group G 2 . 
     The MCS  21  is provided with an abnormality detection device  21   a  and a control path change device  21   b  and integrally controls each device or portion of the transporting system  600 . The abnormality detection device  21   a  is provided with one monitoring device  24  in each group. The monitoring device  24  is placed along the rail  1  and monitors the FOUP  3 , which is transported on the basis of a manufacturing schedule for semiconductor device manufacturing. On the basis of a monitoring result, the abnormality detection device  21   a  detects the failure or abnormality of the controller  20 . 
     The control path change device  21   b  is one example of the “changing device” of the present invention. The control path change device  21   b  controls a plurality of changeover switches  25  on the basis of a detection result of the abnormality detection device  21   a , to thereby change the control line to one for complementary control. The plurality of changeover switches  25  are provided with switches (e.g. changeover switches  25   a  and  25   b ), each being placed on the control line for connecting one controller  20  and the group controlled by the one controller  20 ; and a switch (e.g. changeover switch  25   ab ) placed on the control line for connecting the groups controlled by the plurality of controllers  20 , which are combined in the complementary control. 
     Specifically, if the failure or abnormality of the first controller  20   a  is detected by the abnormality detection device  21   a , the control path change device  21   b  turns off the changeover switch  25   a , placed between the first controller  20   a  and the group G 1 , and turns on the changeover switch  25   ab,  located between the two groups G 1  and G 2  respectively controlled by the first and second controller  20   a  and  20   b.  The control of the changeover switches  25   a  and  25   ab  allows the control path change device  21   b  to disconnect the group G 1  from the first controller  20   a  and to connect the group G 1  to the second controller  20 . By this connection, the initially set control line is changed to the control line for complementary control, and the complementary control of the first controller  20   a  is performed by the second controller  20   b  which is a paired controller of the first controller  20   a.    
     The OHVC  22  controls the transporting carriage  2  to load and unload the FOUP  3  with the stockers  10  or the manufacturing apparatuses  9 . 
     The group information DB  23  stores therein information about the stockers  10  which constitute each group, information about the controller  20  for controlling each group, information about the controllers  20  combined by the complementary control, and the like. On the basis of those information, the changeover switches  25  are controlled by the control path change device  21   b.    
     (Complementary Control Process) 
     Next, a complementary control process of the transporting system in the third embodiment is explained with reference to  FIG. 8 . Here,  FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing the complementary control process of the transporting system in the third embodiment. 
     In  FIG. 8 , firstly, the plurality of stockers  10  and the manufacturing apparatuses  9 , installed along the rail  1  as the initial setting, are divided into the groups G 1 , G 2 , and so on, and the divided groups G 1 , G 2 , and so on are assigned to the plurality of controllers  20   a ,  20   b , and so on, respectively, as control units. Moreover, the combination of the complementary control is set among the plurality of controllers  20  (step S 101 ). The setting may be performed in a fixed manner to the transporting system or as the premise of the complementary control process. Alternatively, as in the embodiment, the setting may be performed in a variable manner or as occasion demands, as the initial setting in each opportunity of the process. All the information is stored in the group information DB  23 . After the initial setting, when the transportation of the FOUP  3  is started as the actual operation of the transporting system  600 , the monitoring is started by the abnormality detection device  21   a  (step S 102 ). 
     When the monitoring is started, it is judged whether or not the failure or abnormality of any of the controllers  20  is detected, on the basis of the monitoring result (step S 103 ). As a result of the judgment, if the failure or abnormality of any of the controllers  20  is not detected (the step S 103 : NO), it is judged whether or not all the transportation is ended (step S 106 ). 
     On the other hand, if the abnormality of the first controller  20   a  is detected (the step S 103 : YES), the information about the group assigned to the first controller  20   a  (i.e. the group G 1 ) and the information about the paired controller (i.e. the second controller  20   b ) combined by the complementary control are obtained from the group information DB  23  by the MCD  21  (step S 104 ). Then, the control line is changed by the control path change device  21   b  on the basis of those information, by which the group G 1 , connected to the first controller  20   a  in the initial setting, is connected to the second controller  20   b  (step S 105 ). By this connection, the first controller  20   a  is complementarily controlled. 
     Then, it is confirmed whether or not all the transportation is ended (step S 106 ), and if it is not ended (the step S 106 : NO), the failure or abnormality of the controller  20  is judged again (the step S 103 ). On the other hand, if all the transportation is ended, the monitoring is ended (step S 107 ), and a series of contemporary control process is ended. 
     As described above, the plurality of controllers  20  are used to perform distributed control by the group unit and allow the complementary process. Thus, it is possible to efficiently use a hardware resource and improve economic efficiency while maintaining the high capacity utilization of the stocker set  10   x  or the transporting system  600  as a whole. 
     The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. 
     The entire disclosures of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-075430 filed on Mar. 24, 2008 including the specification, claims, drawings and summary are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.