Patent Publication Number: US-2022229558-A1

Title: Memory device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Korean patent application number 10-2021-0007384, filed on Jan. 19, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     Various embodiment of the present disclosure relate to a memory device, and more particularly, to a memory device capable of performing a program operation. 
     2. Related Art 
     A memory device may include a volatile memory device in which data that is stored therein is lost when power supply is interrupted, and a non-volatile memory device in which data that is stored therein is maintained even when power supply is interrupted. 
     The volatile memory device may include a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and a static random-access memory (SRAM). The non-volatile memory device may include a read only memory (ROM), a programmable read only memory (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), a NAND FLASH, etc. 
     The memory device may include a memory cell array, a peripheral circuit, and a control logic circuit. 
     The memory cell array may include a plurality of memory blocks, and each of the plurality of memory blocks may include a plurality of memory cells capable of storing data. The peripheral circuit may be configured to perform a program, read, or erase operation based on the control logic circuit. The control logic circuit may be configured to control the peripheral circuit according to a program, read, or erase algorithm in response to an input command. 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure may provide for a memory device including a memory block including memory cells to which word lines and bit lines are connected; page buffers, connected to the memory block through the bit lines, during a program operation, configured to convert original data that is received from an external device into variable data that is divided into groups according to a number of specific data, and configured to apply a program enable voltage or a program inhibit voltage to the bit lines according to the variable data; and a data pattern manager configured to control the page buffers to convert the original data into the variable data during the program operation. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure may provide for a memory device including a page buffer with a plurality of latches, the page buffer configured to store first logic page data, second logic page data, and third logic page data in a portion of the latches, respectively; and a data pattern manager configured to control the page buffer to convert original data into variable data by moving the first to third logic page data of the original data between the latches, wherein, when the original data is converted into the variable data, the data pattern manager is configured to control the page buffer to generate the variable data with data combinations that are divided into a plurality of groups according to a number of specific data that is included in the first to third logic page data. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure may provide for a memory device including memory cells programmed into various states according to a combination of N-bit data; a peripheral circuit configured to receive original data to perform a program operation of the memory cells, and to convert the original data into variable data that is divided into first to N+1-th groups according to a number of specific data; and a control logic circuit configured to control the peripheral circuit to convert the original data into the variable data and configured to control the peripheral circuit to program the memory cells by using the variable data. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a memory system in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a memory device in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating a memory block in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a page buffer group in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating a page buffer in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a program operation in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 7A to 7C  are diagrams illustrating the operation of the page buffer in accordance with the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating a data conversion method in accordance with a first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 9A and 9B  are diagrams illustrating various embodiments of converted data in accordance with the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a data conversion method in accordance with a second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  are diagrams illustrating various embodiments of converted data in accordance with the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating a memory card system to which the memory device of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating a Solid State Drive (SSD) system to which the memory device of the present disclosure is applied. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a memory device, capable of converting original data that is input into the memory device into variable data divided according to a given rule during a program operation. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a memory system in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the memory system  1000  may include a storage device  1100  and a memory controller  1200 . The storage device  1100  may include a plurality of memory devices MD, and the memory devices MD may be connected to the memory controller  1200  through channels. 
     The controller  1200  may communicate between a host  1500  and the memory devices MD. The memory controller  1200  may generate a command CMD to control the memory devices MD in response to a request RQ from the host  1500  and may perform a background operation to improve the performance of the memory system  1000  even if there is no request RQ from the host  1500 . For example, if the host  1500  transmits the request RQ and data DATA for a program operation to the memory system  1000 , the memory controller  1200  may convert the received request RQ into the command CMD and transmit the command CMD and the data DATA to the storage device  1100 . The memory device MD that is selected among the memory devices MD that are included in the storage device  1100  may receive the command CMD and the data DATA that are output from the memory controller  1200  and may program the data DATA in response to the command CMD. 
     The memory device MD may convert the original data DATA that is received from the memory controller  1200  and then program the converted data. The memory device MD configured to convert the data and program the converted data will be described with reference to following drawings. 
     The host  1500  may generate the requests RQ for various operations and output the generated requests RQ to the memory system  1000 . For example, the requests RQ may include a program request for controlling a program operation, a read request for controlling a read operation, and an erase request for controlling an erase operation. 
     The host  1500  may communicate with the memory system  1000  through various interfaces, such as a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface, an advanced technology attachment (ATA) interface, a serial ATA (SATA) interface, a parallel ATA (PATA) interface, a serial attached SCSI (SAS) interface, a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a multi-media card (MMC) interface, an enhanced small disk interface (ESDI), or an integrated drive electronics (IDE) interface. 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a memory device in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the memory device MD may include a memory cell array  110  in which data is stored, a peripheral circuit  200  that performs a program, read or erase operation, and a control logic circuit  300  that controls the peripheral circuit  200 . 
     The memory cell array  110  may include a plurality of memory blocks BLK 1  to BLKi. Each of the memory blocks BLK 1  to BLKi (i is a positive integer) may include a plurality of memory cells, and the memory cells may be implemented as a two-dimensional structure that is arranged to be parallel to a substrate or a three-dimensional structure stacked that is perpendicular to the substrate. 
     The peripheral circuit  200  may include a voltage generator  120 , a row decoder  130 , a page buffer group  140 , and an input/output circuit  150 . 
     The voltage generator  120  may generate operating voltages that are required for various operations in response to a voltage code VCD and may output the operating voltages through global lines GL. For example, the voltage generator  120  may generate a program voltage, a verification voltage, a read voltage, a pass voltage, an erase voltage, etc. in response to the voltage code VCD, and may output the generated operating voltages through the global lines GL. 
     The row decoder  130  may select one memory block from among the memory blocks BLK 1  to BLKi that are included in the memory cell array  110  according to a row address RADD and may transmit operating voltages through local lines LL that are connected to the selected memory block. For example, the row decoder  130  may receive operating voltages through the global lines GL and may transmit the operating voltages to the selected memory block through the selected local lines LL in response to the row address RADD. 
     The page buffer group  140  may be connected to the memory cell array  110  through the bit lines BL. For example, the page buffer group  140  may include a plurality of page buffers that are connected to the bit lines BL, respectively. The plurality of page buffers may be simultaneously operated in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS and may temporarily store data during a program or read operation. After the page buffer group  140  stores the original data that is received from the input/output circuit  150  during the program operation, the page buffer group may generate variable data by converting the original data, according to a given rule, in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS. If the variable data is generated, the variable data, instead of the original data, may be stored in the page buffer group  140 . The memory device MD may perform the program operation by using the variable data. 
     The input/output circuit  150  may be connected to the memory controller  1200  (see  FIG. 1 ) through the input/output lines. The input/output circuit  150  may input and output the command CMD, an address ADD, and the data DATA through the input/output lines. For example, the input/output circuit  150  may transmit the command CMD and the address ADD, received through the input/output lines, to the control logic circuit  300 , and may transmit the data DATA, received from the memory controller  1200  through the input/output lines, to the page buffer group  140  during the program operation. The data DATA that is transmitted by the input/output circuit  150  may be the original data. 
     The control logic circuit  300  may output the voltage code VCD, the row address RADD, and the page buffer control signals PBCTS in response to the command CMD and the address ADD. For example, the control logic circuit  300  may include software configured to perform an algorithm in response to the command CMD and hardware configured to output various signals according to the address ADD and the algorithm. Further, the control logic circuit  300  may include a data pattern manager  310  configured to convert the original data that is input into the page buffer group  140  into variable data during the program operation. 
     The data pattern manager  310  may be configured to convert original data into variable data according to the given rule. For instance, the data pattern manager  310  may divide target program states of the memory cells into a plurality of groups according to the number of specific data and may convert the original data into variable data so that the number of specific data that is included in the variable data is the same within each group. In other words, the number of specific data may be variously set in the original data, regardless of the target program states, but the number of specific data may be set to be constant in the variable data, according to the present embodiment, based on the group of target program states. The specific data may be selected from 0 or 1. In this embodiment, a case in which 1 is set as specific data will be described. 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating a memory block in accordance with the present disclosure, and an i-th memory block BLKi among a plurality of memory blocks BLK 1  to BLKi, shown in  FIG. 2 , is illustrated as an example. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the i-th memory block BLKi may include a plurality of strings ST 1  to STj, j being a positive integer. The first to j-th strings ST 1  to STj may be connected between the first to j-th bit lines BL 1  to BLj and a source line SL. For instance, the first string ST 1  may be connected between the first bit line BL 1  and the source line SL, the second string ST 2  may be connected between the second bit line BL 2  and the source line SL, and the j-th string STj may be connected between the j-th bit line BLj and the source line SL. 
     Each of the first to j-th strings ST 1  to STj may include a source select transistor SST, a plurality of memory cells C 1  to Cn, and a drain select transistor DST. Although not shown in the drawing, dummy cells may be further included between the memory cells C 1  to Cn and the source or drain select transistors SST or DST. The configuration of the string may be described in detail by using the j-th string STj as an example. 
     Gates of the source select transistors SST that are included in the different strings ST 1  to STj may be connected in common to the source select line SSL, and gates of the first to n-th memory cells C 1  to Cn may be connected to first to n-th word lines WL 1  to WLn, and gates of the drain select transistors DST may be connected in common to the drain select line DSL. For instance, the source select transistor SST that is included in the j-th string STj may electrically connect or disconnect the source line SL and the first memory cell C 1  to or from each other according to a voltage that is applied to the source select line SSL. Variable data may be stored in the first to n-th memory cells C 1  to Cn. The drain select transistor DST may electrically connect or disconnect the j-th bit line BLj and the n-th memory cell Cn to or from each other according to a voltage that is applied to the drain select line DSL. A group of memory cells that is connected to the same word line is referred to as a page PG, and program and read operations may be performed on the basis of the page PG. 
     The memory cells C 1  to Cn may store data that has at least one bit according to a program method. For instance, a method in which 1-bit data is stored in one memory cell is referred to as a single level cell method, and a method in which 2-bit data is stored in one memory cell is referred to as a multi level cell method. A method in which 3-bit data is stored in one memory cell is referred to as a triple level cell method, and a method in which 4-bit data is stored in one memory cell is referred to as a quadruple level cell method In addition, data of 5 bits or more may be stored in one memory cell. 
     The read operation may be performed in the same manner as the program operation. For example, if the memory cells included in the selected memory block are programmed in the triple level cell method, the read operation may also be performed in the triple level cell method. 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a page buffer group in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , the page buffer group  140  may include first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj that are connected, respectively, to the first to j-th bit lines BL 1  to BLj. The first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj may simultaneously operate in response to page buffer control signals PBCTS. During the program operation, the first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj may be configured to temporarily store original data that is output from the input/output circuit  150  (see  FIG. 2 ) and convert the original data into the variable data in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS. The first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj may apply a program enable voltage or a program inhibit voltage to the first to j-th bit lines BL 1  to BLj according to the variable data. When voltages are supplied to the first to j-th bit lines BL 1  to BLj and the program voltage is applied to a selected page that is included in the i-th memory block BLKi, the memory cells that are included in the selected page may be programmed. 
     Since the first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj are configured identically to each other, the configuration of the page buffer will be described below in detail by using the first page buffer PB 1  as an example. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating a page buffer in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , the first page buffer PB 1  may include first to eighteenth switches S 1  to S 18 , a sensing latch LAS, and first to fourth latches LA 1  to LA 4 . Since circuits that are required for this embodiment are shown in the first page buffer PB 1 , shown in  FIG. 5 , circuits (not shown) performing various functions as well as the circuits shown in  FIG. 5  may be further included. Signals that control the first to eighteenth switches S 1  to S 18  are included in the page buffer control signals PBCTS (see  FIG. 2 ). In other words, the first to eighteenth switches S 1  to S 18  may operate in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS (see  FIG. 2 ), respectively. 
     Each of the switches and latches, shown, in  FIG. 5  will be described below in detail. 
     The first switch S 1  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that may electrically connect the first bit line BL 1  and the second switch S 2  in response to a bit line select signal BLSEL. The second switch S 2  may be connected between the first switch S 1  and a ground terminal GND and may be implemented as the NMOS transistor that may discharge a node between the first switch S 1  and the second switch S 2  in response to a bit line discharge signal BLDIS. For example, the first switch S 1  may be turned on when a voltage is applied to the first bit line BL 1  in the first page buffer PB 1 , when a voltage or current of the first bit line BL 1  is sensed, or when first bit line BL 1  is discharged. The second switch S 2  may be turned on when the first bit line BL 1  is discharged. 
     The third switch S 3  may be connected between a node connecting the first and second switches S 1  and S 2  and a current sensing node CSO and may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that is turned on in response to the page buffer sensing signal PBSENSE. The third switch S 3  may be turned on when a voltage is transmitted to the first bit line BL 1  in the first page buffer PB 1  or when a voltage or current of the first bit line BL 1  is sensed. The fourth switch S 4  may be connected between a supply voltage terminal VCORE and a current sensing node CSO and may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that may be turned on in response to a current sensing node control signal SA_CSOC. The third and fourth switches S 3  and S 4  may be turned on when a voltage is applied to the first bit line BL 1  in the first page buffer PB 1  or when a current of the first bit line BL 1  is kept constant. 
     The fifth switch S 5  may be connected between the current sensing node CSO and a sensing node SO and may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that may be turned on in response to a sensing node transmission signal TRANSO. The fifth switch S 5  may be turned on when a voltage of the sensing node SO is transmitted to the current sensing node CSO, when the current sensing node CSO is pre-charged, and when a voltage or current of the current sensing node CSO is transmitted to the sensing node SO. The sixth switch S 6  may be connected between the seventh switch S 7  and the sensing node SO and may be implemented as a PMOS transistor that may be turned on in response to an inverted pre-charge signal SA_PRE_N. The seventh switch S 7  may be connected between the supply voltage terminal VCORE and the sixth switch S 6  and may be implemented as a PMOS transistor that may be turned on or turned off according to data that is stored in the data sensing node QS. The eighth switch S 8  may be implemented as a PMOS transistor that may transmit a supply voltage that is supplied to the supply voltage terminal VCORE in response to the inverted pre-charge signal SA_PRE_N to a node between the sixth and seventh switches S 6  and S 7 . 
     A plurality of latches LAS, LA 1 , LA 2 , and LA 3  may be connected to the sensing node SO through a plurality of switches S 9 , S 10 , S 15 , S 16 , S 19 , S 20 , S 23 , and S 24 . For example, the sensing latch LAS may be connected to the sensing node SO through the ninth and tenth switches S 19  and S 10 , the first latch LA 1  may be connected to the sensing node SO through the 15-th and 16-th switches S 15  and S 16 , the second latch LA 2  may be connected to the sensing node SO through the 19-th and 20-th switches S 19  and S 20 , and the third latch LA 3  may be connected to the sensing node SO through the 23-rd and 24-th switches S 23  and S 24 . In addition, more latches may be connected to the sensing node SO. The plurality of latches LAS, LA 1 , LA 2 , and LA 3  and the plurality of switches S 9 , S 10 , S 15 , S 16 , S 19 , S 20 , S 23 , and S 24  shown in  FIG. 5  will be described below in detail. 
     The ninth and tenth switches S 9  and S 10  may be connected between the sensing node SO and the ground terminal GND, and the sensing latch LAS may be connected to the gate of the tenth switch S 10 . The ninth switch S 9  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects the sensing node SO and the tenth switch S 10  in response to the sensing transmission signal TRANS. The tenth switch S 10  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects or disconnects the ninth switch S 9  and the ground terminal GND according to data that is stored in the data sensing node QS of the sensing latch LAS. 
     The sensing latch LAS may include inverters that are connected between the data sensing node QS in which different data is stored and an inverted data sensing node QS_N. Conventionally, transistors configured to connect or disconnect the sensing node SO and the inverted data sensing node QS_N are included in an area  51  between the sensing node SO and the inverted data sensing node QS_N. However, according to the present embodiment, transistors that are formed in the corresponding area  51  may be removed so as to reduce the size of the memory device. 
     The 11-th and 12-th switches S 11  and S 12  may be connected between the sensing node SO and the ground terminal GND, and the first latch LA 1  may be connected to a gate of the 12-th switch S 12 . The 11-th switch S 11  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects the sensing node SO and the 12-th switch S 12  in response to a first transmission signal TRANS 1 . The 12-th switch S 12  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects or disconnects the 11-th switch S 11  and the ground terminal GND according to data that is stored in the first node Q 1  of the first latch LA 1 . 
     The first latch LA 1  may include inverters that are connected between the first node Q 1  in which different data is stored and a first inverted node Q 1 _N. Conventionally, transistors configured to connect or disconnect the sensing node SO and the first inverted node Q 1 _N are included in an area  52  between the sensing node SO and the first inverted node Q 1 _N. However, according to the present embodiment, transistors that are formed in the corresponding area  52  may be removed so as to reduce the size of the memory device. 
     The 13-th and 14-th switches S 13  and S 14  may be connected between the sensing node SO and the ground terminal GND, and the second latch LA 2  may be connected to a gate of the 14-th switch S 14 . The 13-th switch S 13  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects the sensing node SO and the 14-th switch S 14  in response to a second transmission signal TRANS 2 . The 14-th switch S 14  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects or disconnects the 13-th switch S 13  and the ground terminal GND according to data that is stored in the second node Q 2  of the second latch LA 2 . 
     The second latch LA 2  may include inverters that are connected between the second node Q 2  in which different data is stored and a second inverted node Q 2 _N. Conventionally, transistors configured to connect or disconnect the sensing node SO and the second inverted node Q 2 _N are included in an area  53  between the sensing node SO and the second inverted node Q 2 _N. However, according to the present embodiment, transistors that are formed in the corresponding area  53  may be removed so as to reduce the size of the memory device. 
     The 15-th and 16-th switches S 15  and S 16  may be connected between the sensing node SO and the ground terminal GND, and the third latch LA 3  may be connected to a gate of the 16-th switch S 16 . The 15-th switch S 15  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects the sensing node SO and the 16-th switch S 16  in response to a third transmission signal TRANS 3 . The 16-th switch S 16  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects or disconnects the 15-th switch S 15  and the ground terminal GND according to data that is stored in the third node Q 3  of the third latch LA 3 . 
     The third latch LA 3  may include inverters that are connected between the third node Q 3  in which different data is stored and a third inverted node Q 3 _N. Conventionally, transistors configured to connect or disconnect the sensing node SO and the third inverted node Q 3 _N are included in an area  54  between the sensing node SO and the third inverted node Q 3 _N. However, according to the present embodiment, transistors that are formed in the corresponding area  54  may be removed so as to reduce the size of the memory device. 
     The 17-th and 18-th switches S 17  and S 18  may be connected between the sensing node SO and the ground terminal GND, and the fourth latch LA 4  may be connected to a gate of the 18-th switch S 18 . The 17-th switch S 17  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects the sensing node SO and the 18-th switch S 18  in response to a fourth transmission signal TRANS 4 . The 18-th switch S 18  may be implemented as an NMOS transistor that connects or disconnects the 18-th switch S 18  and the ground terminal GND according to data that is stored in the fourth node Q 4  of the fourth latch LA 4 . 
     The fourth latch LA 4  may include inverters that are connected between the fourth node Q 4  in which different data is stored and a fourth inverted node Q 4 _N. Conventionally, transistors configured to connect or disconnect the sensing node SO and the fourth inverted node Q 4 _N are included in an area  55  between the sensing node SO and the fourth inverted node Q 4 _N. However, according to the present embodiment, transistors that are formed in the corresponding area  55  may be removed so as to reduce the size of the memory device. 
     During the program operation, the first page buffer PB 1  may temporarily store the original data that is received from an external device in the first to third latches LA 1  to LA 3 , and may convert the original data that is stored in the first to third latches LA 1  to LA 3  into variable data. To this end, the first page buffer PB 1  includes latches, the number of which is at least one more than the number of logic page data. For example, in the triple level cell method, the logic page data may include a least significant bit (LSB) data, a central significant bit (CSB) data, and a most significant bit (MSB) data. Since three pieces of logic page data are used in the triple level cell method, the first page buffer PB 1  may be configured to include four or more latches. 
     The remaining page buffers that are not shown in  FIG. 5  may also be configured in the same manner as the first page buffer PB 1  and may be operated in the same manner as the first page buffer PB 1 . Since pieces of original data that is stored in the latches of the page buffers are different from each other even if the page buffers are operated in the same manner, pieces of variable data that are converted in the page buffers may also be different from each other. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a program operation in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , when the program operation of the i-th memory block BLKi is performed, the first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj that are included in the page buffer group  140  may receive original data DATA_OR in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS and may convert the original data DATA_OR into the variable data DATA_VR according to a given rule. The first to j-th page buffers PB 1  to PBj may be programmed in a selected page of the i-th memory block BLKi by using the variable data DATA_VR. Steps of the program operation in accordance with this embodiment will be described as follows. 
       FIGS. 7A to 7C  are diagrams illustrating the operation of the page buffer in accordance with the present disclosure, and the operation performed in the first page buffer PB 1  will be described as an example. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7A , if the program operation is started, original data DATA_OR including a least significant bit (LSB) data, a central significant bit (CSB) data, and a most significant bit (MSB) data may be input into the first page buffer PB 1  in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS. Here, the original data may be data that is received from an external device. The external device may be the memory controller  1200  (see  FIG. 1 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 7B , the first page buffer PB 1  may convert the original data DATA_OR into the variable data DATA_VR in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS. The variable data DATA_VR may be stored in the first to third latches LA 1  to LA 3  in which the original data DATA_OR is stored, but may be stored in latches that are different from latches in which the original data DATA_OR is stored.  FIG. 7B  illustrates an embodiment in which the variable data DATA_VR is overwritten in the first to third latches LA 1  to LA 3  in which the original data DATA_OR is stored. In this embodiment, the variable data may have a pattern that is divided into a plurality of groups according to the number of specific data. For example, when data 1 among data 0 and 1 is set as specific data, the variable data may have a pattern that distinguishes the erase state and the seven program states from each other based on the number of data 1&#39;s are in the variable data. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7C , the first page buffer PB 1  may generate a bit line voltage Vbl based on the variable data DATA_VR that is stored in the first to third latches LA 1  to LA 3  in response to the page buffer control signals PBCTS and may apply the bit line voltage Vbl to the first bit line BL 1 . The bit line voltage Vbl may have a program inhibit voltage level or a program enable voltage level. For example, the program inhibit voltage level may be a positive voltage level, and the program enable voltage level may be 0V. 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating a data conversion method in accordance with a first embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the triple level cell method is shown as the first embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , in the triple level cell method, the state of memory cells may be divided into one erase state ER and first to seventh program states P 1  to P 7 . In the erase state ER, the threshold voltage of the memory cells may be the lowest. From the first program state P 1  to the seventh program state P 7 , the memory cells may have threshold voltages increased in stages. The state of the memory cells may be determined according to the combination of least significant bit (LSB) data, central significant bit (CSB) data, and most significant bit (MSB) data. For instance, in the original data DATA_OR, the erase state ER may be set to least significant bit (LSB) data of 1, central significant bit (CSB) data of 1, and most significant bit (MSB) data of 1. If the original data DATA_OR that is set in each of the first to seventh program states P 1  to P 7  is arranged in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB, it may be 110, 100, 000, 010, 011, 001, and 101. The original data DATA_OR, shown in  FIG. 8 , may have any set pattern to help understand the present embodiment, and may be set to various patterns in addition to the pattern that is shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     However, since the original data DATA_OR that corresponds to each of the erase state ER and the first to seventh program states P 1  to P 7  is not set in a predetermined pattern, a large number of latches may be required for each of the page buffers to perform the program operation by using the original data DATA_OR. 
     Therefore, according to this embodiment, in order to minimize the number of latches that are included in the page buffer, the original data DATA_OR may be converted into variable data DATA_VR with a given rule. The operation of converting the original data DATA_OR into the variable data DATA_VR may be performed by the data pattern manager  310 , illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Although  FIG. 2  illustrates that the data pattern manager  310  is included in the control logic circuit  300  (see  FIG. 2 ), the data pattern manager may be independently disposed outside of the control logic circuit  300  (see  FIG. 2 ). 
     According to the given rule of this embodiment, the combination of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the number of specific data, and states of memory cells may correspond to different data combinations that are included in each group. For example, the erase state ER may be set to the combination of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is three (3), the first to third program states P 1  to P 3  may be set to the combinations of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is two (2), the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6  may be set to the combinations of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is one, and the seventh program state P 7  may be set to the combination of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is zero (0). 
     In other words, in the original data DATA_OR, the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s that are included in the combinations of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data of the first to third program states P 1  to P 3  is 2, 1, and 0, and the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s that are included in the combinations of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data of the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6  is 1, 2, and 1. Therefore, the original data DATA_OR might not adhere to a given rule. 
     However, the variable data DATA_VR that is converted according to the present embodiment may be set by a given rule in which the data combination that corresponds to the erase state ER to the seventh program state P 7  is divided according to the number of data 1&#39;s. The variable data DATA_VR, in accordance with the first embodiment, will be described below in detail. 
       FIGS. 9A and 9B  are diagrams illustrating various embodiments of converted data in accordance with the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9A , the erase state ER with the lowest threshold voltage may be set to the combination of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is three (3), the first to third program states P 1  to P 3  may be set to the combinations of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is two (2), the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6  may be set to the combinations of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is one (1), and the seventh program state P 7  with the highest threshold voltage may be set to the combination of the LSB data, the CSB data, and the MSB data in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is zero (0). 
     For instance, the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the erase state ER may be set to 111 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the first to third program states P 1  to P 3  may be set to 110, 101, and 011 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6  may be set to 010, 100, and 001 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the seventh program state P 7  may be set to 000 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. 
     Assuming that the data combination with the largest number of data 1&#39;s is referred to as a first group and the data combination with the smallest number of data 1&#39;s is referred to as a second group, the matching of the states of the memory cells to the variable data DATA_VR may be variously changed in groups of data combinations other than the first and second groups. In other words, the matching of the states of the memory cells that are included in a group with the same number of data 1&#39;s to the variable data DATA_VR may be variously changed. Among these data combinations, a data combination that is different from the data combination that is shown in  FIG. 9A  will be described with reference to  FIG. 9B . 
     Referring to  FIG. 9B , as in the embodiment described with reference to  FIG. 9A , the number of data 1&#39;s is set to three (3) in the erase state ER, the number of data 1&#39;s is set to two (2) in the first to third program states P 1  to P 3 , the number of data 1&#39;s is set to one (1) in the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6 , and data 1 is not included in the seventh program state P 7 . 
     Among the groups with the same number of data 1&#39;s, in the remaining groups other than the group with the largest number of data 1&#39;s and the group with the smallest number of data 1&#39;s, the matching of the states P 1  to P 3  and P 4  to P 6  of the memory cells to the variable data DATA_VR may be changed in various combinations. For instance, the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the erase state ER may be set to 111 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the first to third program states P 1  to P 3  may be set to 011, 101, and 110 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6  may be set to 010, 001, and 100 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the seventh program state P 7  may be set to 000 in the order of LSB, CSB, and MSB. 
     In the triple level cell method, since three pieces of logic page data LSB, CSB, and MSB are used, the combination of the variable data DATA_VR that may be generated according to the present embodiment may be variously changed as shown in Table 1 to Table 36 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 23 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 27 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 28 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 29 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 30 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 31 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 32 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 33 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 34 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 35 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 36 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ER 
                 P1 
                 P2 
                 P3 
                 P4 
                 P5 
                 P6 
                 P7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 CSB 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Table 1 to Table 36, it can be seen that all of the variable data DATA_VR that matches the erase state ER with the lowest threshold voltage are fixed to 111, and all of the variable data DATA_VR that matches the seventh program state P 7  with the highest threshold voltage are fixed to 000. Further, it can be seen that the number of data 1&#39;s is two in the variable data DATA_VR that matches the first to third program states P 1  to P 3 , and the number of data 1&#39;s is one in the variable data DATA_VR that matches the fourth to sixth program states P 4  to P 6 . 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a data conversion method in accordance with a second embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the quadruple level cell method is shown as the second embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , in the quadruple level cell method, the state of memory cells may be divided into one erase state ER and first to 15-th program states P 1  to P 15 . In the erase state ER, the threshold voltage of the memory cells may be the lowest. From the first program state P 1  to the 15-th program state P 15 , the memory cells may have threshold voltages increased in stages. The state of the memory cells may be determined according to the combination of least significant bit (LSB) data, first central significant bit (LCSB) data, second central significant bit (MCSB) data, and most significant bit (MSB) data. For instance, in the original data DATA_OR, the erase state ER may be set to least significant bit (LSB) data of 1, central significant bit (CSB) data of 1, and most significant bit (MSB) data of 1. If the original data DATA_OR that is set in each of the first to 15-th program states P 1  to P 15  is arranged in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB, it may be 1100, 1110, 1100, 1000, 0000, 0100, 0101, 0111, 0110, 0010, 1010, 1011, 0011, 0001, 1001, and 1101. The original data DATA_OR shown in  FIG. 10  may have any set pattern to help understand the present embodiment, and may be set to various patterns in addition to the pattern that is shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     However, since the original data DATA_OR that corresponds to each of the erase state ER and the first to 15-th program states P 1  to P 15  is not set in a predetermined pattern, a large number of latches may be required for each of the page buffers to perform the program operation by using the original data DATA_OR. 
     Therefore, according to this embodiment, in order to minimize the number of latches that are included in the page buffer, the original data DATA_OR may be converted into variable data DATA_VR with a given rule. The operation of converting the original data DATA_OR into the variable data DATA_VR may be performed by the data pattern manager  310 , illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Although  FIG. 2  illustrates that the data pattern manager  310  is included in the control logic circuit  300  (see  FIG. 2 ), the data pattern manager may be independently disposed outside of the control logic circuit  300  (see  FIG. 2 ). 
     According to the given rule of this embodiment, the combination of the LSB data, the LCSB data, the MCSB data, and the MSB data may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the number of specific data, and states of memory cells may correspond to different data combinations that are included in each group. For instance, the erase state ER may be set to the data combination of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is four (4), the first to fourth program states P 1  to P 4  may be set to the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is three (3), the fifth to tenth program states P 5  to P 10  may be set to the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is two (2), the 11-th to 14-th program states P 11  to P 14  may be set to the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is one (1), and the 15-th program state P 15  may be set to the data combination of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is zero (0). 
     That is, in the original data DATA_OR, the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s included in the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB of the first to fourth program states P 1  to P 4  is 3, 2, 1, and 0, the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s included in the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB of the fifth to tenth program states P 5  to P 10  is 1, 2, 3, 2, and 1, the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s included in the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB of the 11-th to 14-th program states P 11  to P 14  is 3, 2, 1, and 2, and the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s included in the data combination of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB of the 15-th program state P 15  is 3. Thus, there is no given rule. 
     However, the variable data DATA_VR that is converted according to the present embodiment may be set by a given rule in which the data combination that corresponds to the erase state ER to the 15-th program state P 15  is divided according to the number of data 1&#39;s. The variable data DATA_VR, in accordance with the second embodiment, will be described below in detail. 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  are diagrams illustrating various embodiments of converted data in accordance with the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11A , the erase state ER with the lowest threshold voltage may be set to the data combination of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is four (4), the first to fourth program states P 1  to P 4  may be set to the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is three (3), the fifth to tenth program states P 5  to P 10  may be set to the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is two (2), the 11-th to 14-th program states P 11  to P 14  may be set to the data combinations of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is one (1), and the 15-th program state P 15  with the highest threshold voltage may be set to the data combination of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB in which the number (#N) of data 1&#39;s is zero (0). 
     For instance, the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the erase state ER may be set to 1111 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the first to fourth program states P 1  to P 4  may be set to 1110, 1101, 1011, and 0111 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB, the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the fifth to tenth program states P 5  to P 110  may be set to 1100, 1010, 1001, 0110, 0101 and 0011 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB, and the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the 11-th to 14-th program states P 11  to P 14  may be set to 1000, 0100, 0010, and 0001 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the 15-th program state P 15  may be set to 0000 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB. 
     Assuming that the data combination with the largest number of data 1&#39;s is referred to as a first group and the data combination with the smallest number of data 1&#39;s is referred to as a second group, the matching of the states of the memory cells to the variable data DATA_VR may be variously changed in groups of data combinations other than the first and second groups. In other words, the matching of the states of the memory cells that are included in a group with the same number of data 1&#39;s to the variable data DATA_VR may be variously changed. Among these data combinations, a data combination that is different from the data combination that is shown in  FIG. 11A  will be described with reference to  FIG. 11B . 
     Referring to  FIG. 11B , as in the embodiment described with reference to  FIG. 11A , the number of data 1&#39;s is set to four (4) in the erase state ER, the number of data 1&#39;s is set to three (3) in the first to fourth program states P 1  to P 4 , the number of data 1&#39;s is set to two (2) in the fifth to tenth program states P 5  to P 10 , the number of data 1&#39;s is set to one (1) in the 11-th to 14-th program states, and data 1 is not included in the 15-th program state P 15  (#N=0). 
     Among the groups with the same number of data 1&#39;s, in the remaining groups other than the group with the largest number of data 1&#39;s and the group with the smallest number of data 1&#39;s, the matching of the program states P 1  to P 4 , P 5  to P 10 , and P 11  to P 14  of the memory cells to the variable data DATA_VR may be changed in various combinations. For instance, the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the erase state ER may be set to 1111 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the first to fourth program states P 1  to P 4  may be set to 0111, 1011, 0111, and 1110 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB, the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the fifth to tenth program states P 5  to P 110  may be set to 0011, 0101, 1001, 0110, 1010, and 1100 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB, and the variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the 11-th to 14-th program states P 11  to P 14  may be set to 0001, 0010, 0100, and 1000 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB. The variable data DATA_VR that corresponds to the 15-th program state P 15  may be set to 0000 in the order of LSB, LCSB, MCSB, and MSB. 
     In the present embodiment, the method of converting the original data DATA_OR into the variable data DATA_VR in the triple level cell method and the quadruple level cell method has been disclosed, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Higher level cell methods may utilize the same rules and may be set according to the number of specific data. The combination of program states and variable data DATA_VR may also be variously changed within the same group. 
       FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating a memory card system to which the memory device of the present disclosure is applied. 
     Referring  FIG. 12 , the memory card system  2000  may include a memory controller  2100 , a memory device  2200 , and a connector  2300 . 
     The memory controller  2100  may be connected to the memory device  2200 . The memory controller  2100  may be configured to access the memory device  2200 . For example, the memory controller  2100  may be configured to control a program operation, a read operation, or an erase operation, or configured to control a background operation of the memory device  2200 . The memory controller  2100  may provide an interface between the memory device  2200  and the host. The memory controller  2100  may drive firmware that controls the memory device  2200 . The memory device  2200  may be embodied in the same manner as the memory device MD that is described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     The memory controller  2100  may communicate with an external device through the connector  2300 . The memory controller  2100  may communicate with the external device (e.g., a host) based on a specific communication protocol. In an embodiment, the memory controller  2100  may communicate with the external device through at least one of various communication protocols such as universal serial bus (USB), multimedia card (MMC), embedded MMC (eMMC), peripheral component interconnection (PCI), PCI-express (PCI-E), advanced technology attachment (ATA), serial-ATA, parallel-ATA, small computer system interface (SCSI), enhanced small disk interface (ESDI), integrated drive electronics (IDE), Firewire, universal flash storage (UFS), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and nonvolatile memory express (NVMe) protocols. In an embodiment, the connector  2300  may be defined by at least one of the above-described various communication protocols. 
     In an embodiment, the memory device  2200  may be implemented as any of various nonvolatile memory devices, such as an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), a NAND flash memory, a NOR flash memory, a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a resistive RAM (ReRAM), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), and a spin transfer torque-magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM). 
     In an embodiment, the memory controller  2100  and the memory device  2200  may be integrated into a single semiconductor device to form a memory card. For example, the memory controller  2100  and the memory device  2200  may be integrated into a single semiconductor device to form a memory card, such as a personal computer memory card international association (PCMCIA), a compact flash card (CF), a smart media card (SM or SMC), a memory stick, a multimedia card (MMC, RS-MMC, MMC micro, eMMC), a SD card (SD, mini SD, micro SD, or SDHC), or a universal flash storage (UFS). 
       FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating a Solid State Drive (SSD) system to which the memory device of the present disclosure is applied 
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , the SSD system  3000  may include a host  3100  and an SSD  3200 . The SSD  3200  may exchange signals with the host  3100  through a signal connector  3001  and may receive a supply voltage through a power connector  3002 . The SSD  3200  may include an SSD controller  3210 , a plurality of flash memories  3221  to  322   n,  an auxiliary power supply  3230 , and a buffer memory  3240 . 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the flash memories  3221  to  322   n  may have the same configuration as the memory device MD described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     The SSD controller  3210  may control the plurality of flash memories  3221  to  322   n  in response to the signals received from the host  3100 . In an embodiment, the signals may be signals based on an interface between the host  3100  and the SSD  3200 . For example, the signals may be signals defined by at least one of various interfaces such as universal serial bus (USB), multimedia card (MMC), embedded MMC (eMMC), peripheral component interconnection (PCI), PCI-express (PCI-E), advanced technology attachment (ATA), serial-ATA (SATA), parallel-ATA (PATA), small computer system interface (SCSI), enhanced small disk interface (ESDI), integrated drive electronics (IDE), Firewire, universal flash storage (UFS), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and nonvolatile memory express (NVMe) interfaces. 
     The auxiliary power supply  3230  may be connected to the host  3100  through the power connector  3002 . The auxiliary power supply  3230  may be supplied with power from the host  3100 , and may be charged by the power. The auxiliary power supply  3230  may supply the power of the SSD  3200  when the supply of power from the host  3100  is not smoothly performed. In an embodiment, the auxiliary power supply  3230  may be positioned inside of the SSD  3200  or positioned outside of the SSD  3200 . For example, the auxiliary power supply  3230  may be disposed in a main board and may supply auxiliary power to the SSD  3200 . 
     The buffer memory  3240  may function as a buffer memory of the SSD  3200 . For example, the buffer memory  3240  may temporarily store data that is received from the host  3100  or data that is received from the plurality of flash memories  3221  to  322   n  or may temporarily store metadata (e.g., a mapping table) of the flash memories  3221  to  322   n.  The buffer memory  3240  may include volatile memories, such as a DRAM, an SDRAM, a DDR SDRAM, and an LPDDR SDRAM or nonvolatile memories such as an FRAM, a ReRAM, an STT-MRAM, and a PRAM. 
     According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce the size of a memory device and to prevent a decrease in program operation speed due to the reduction in size.