Patent Publication Number: US-2022225594-A1

Title: Pet Feeder/Puzzle Ball with Selectable Number of Dispensing Openings to Vary Dispensing Rates

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/904,770, filed on Jun. 18, 2020, which claims priority on U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/863,374, filed on Jun. 19, 2019, all disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This disclosure relates generally to pet feeding devices, and more particularly to a feeding device that overall forms a spherical shape for rolling by the pet on the ground, for dispensing of treats, when rolled by the pet in a particular direction, through at least one opening that is connected to a treat reservoir, and which opening (and direction) must be discerned by the pet from among additional non-dispensing recesses that may be colored differently to maximize the number of pet treats released by the device by such activity. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The typical indoor pet tends to become lethargic and often does not undergo sufficient exercise until brought outdoors, which usually does not even occur for certain animals like cats. For that reason there are numerous toys on the market intended to entertain and cause the pet to be more active while trying to track and catch a moving object. In addition, most indoor pets are more content when challenged and provided with an intellectually stimulating activity. 
     Moreover, most pets also tend to become more excited about an activity that involves obtaining a snack or treat. For that reason a number of inventions have been devised that relate to encouraging activity while dispensing such pet treats. 
     Devices/methods that may be related, and which are not admitted herein to be prior art with respect to the disclosed apparatus, may be shown by the following. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,086,631 to Munro is for a toy in the form of a spherical body with a cavity to store catnip or other herbs, and a duct for dispensing the catnip to a surface of the toy, as well as a closure means for closing the duct. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,819,960 to Brown is for a treat-dispensing ball (i.e., a roll toy) that has a hollow body with at least two elongated openings, and is filled with animal treats that are randomly discharged from the openings as the toy is rolled. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,538 to Tsengas is for a pet toy ball feeder that is formed using two hollow hemispherical halves, which may be releasably joined together to permit storing of pet treats therein. The pet treats are dispensed through one or more openings that are slightly larger than the pet treats for random dropping of the treats through the one or more openings. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,557,496 to Herrenbruck is for an improved treat dispensing toy that provides multiple levels of stimulation, including audio stimulation (selectively produced noise) and reward stimulation. The toy may be in the shape of a ball that has an exit that allows treats to be dispensed when the toy is manipulated by a pet. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,640,894 to Jager is for a rubber chew toy in the form of a ball with a hollow interior and at least one aperture in communication with helical insert that operates based on the principles of an Archimedes screw to dispense pet treats. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 8,746,182 to Anderson is for a treat dispenser that includes a container surrounded by a cage, where the container has an opening for dispensing treats that may not immediately be obtained by the pet as the cage prevents direct access. 
     U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2008/0083378 is for a pet exercise toy formed with two nested cylindrical housings having capped ends that can be filled with treats. The treats can be dispensed through an opening in the outer housing when it is rotated to be aligned with either a small opening in the inner housing or a larger opening in the inner housing. 
     U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2009/0314221 by Wang is for a toy for dispensing pet treats in the form of a cylindrical housing having a large opening therein that may be aligned with either a correspondingly sized first opening in a second inner housing, or that may be aligned with a second smaller opening in the inner housing to dispense treats at one of two different rates. 
     Japanese patent publication JP4413962 describes a spherical puzzle feeder for a pet that has an internal storage chamber with an inner feed opening that may be fully covered, or partially covered, or completely uncovered by selective alignment with an opening in an internal adjusting plate. Alignment of those openings permits treat to exit the chamber, which treat may then exit an opening in the outer spherical periphery of the “Educational Toys for Animals.” 
     The herein disclosed apparatus offers improvements upon similar pet treat dispensing devices. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to provide a spherically shaped pet food dispensing toy. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a spherically shaped pet food dispenser that is particularly configured to roll uniformly without such rolling motion being distorted/disturbed by one or more openings located in the outer surface of the sphere that are used for dispensing treats. 
     It is a further object of the invention to provide a spherically shaped pet food dispenser that has an inner treat holder with a chamber and an opening, which holder may be rotated to be aligned with a plurality of particularly shaped openings in an outer housing to dispense treats at either a first rate or a second rate. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a spherically shaped pet food dispenser that has an inner housing and an outer housing that may be rotated relative to each other to align different opening to dispense at different rates, where the inner housing and the outer housing may be releasably secured using a detent mechanism when the openings are aligned. 
     Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and claims, and from the accompanying drawings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     A puzzle pet feeder as disclosed herein may broadly include: a particularly formed housing, a rotatable treat chamber, and an access cover. In one embodiment the housing may be formed as a spherical cap, and in another embodiment it may be formed as a spherical frustum. 
     The housing may be formed into a spherical lattice by being formed with a pattern/plurality of openings in the spherical outer surface of the housing that define a plurality of recesses, with each recess formed to extend to at least a first radial depth. A cavity is formed within a portion of the housing, the cavity being formed beneath a second radial depth, where the second radial depth is greater than the first radial depth. An access opening in a boundary surface of the spherical cap/frustum of the housing (e.g., a planar surface of the spherical cap) defines a conduit into the cavity. The housing also has a first one of the plurality of openings being formed in a first region of the spherical housing lattice that that defines a conduit that extends to the second depth to interconnect with the cavity. The surface area (and shape) of the first opening used on the spherical surface determines the size of the pet treat that may be dispensed through the conduit and out the opening. The shape may be circular, or may be close to a square, being somewhat trapezoidal due to curvature. A second and a third of the plurality of openings are formed in a second region of the spherical housing lattice and with a respective second surface area and third surface area that each form corresponding conduits that extend to the second depth to interconnect with the cavity, the second surface area and the third surface area in combination being greater than the first surface area. (i.e., being approximate twice as large when each of the surface areas are substantially the same) A fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh of the plurality of openings are formed in a third region of the spherical housing lattice and with a respective fourth surface area, fifth surface area, sixth surface area, and seventh surface area that each form corresponding conduits that extend to the second depth to interconnect with the cavity, the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh surface areas in combination being greater than the second and third surface areas combined (i.e., being approximate twice as large when each of the surface areas are substantially the same). 
     The treat chamber is configured to store pet treats, and includes: a dispensing opening for the dispensing of the pet treats stored therein. At least a portion of the treat chamber is rotatably received within the cavity of the housing. 
     A removable cover member is configured to cover the access opening into the housing cavity, and an outer surface of the removable cover member may be formed as a spherical cap, such that the spherical cap of the removable cover member and the spherical cap of the housing form a substantially full spherical shape; where the housing is formed as a spherical frustum, the treat chamber may include a portion formed as a spherical cap, such that the spherical cap of the cover member, the spherical frustum of the housing, and the spherical cap of the treat chamber together form a substantially spherical surface (i.e., substantially spherical apart from small clearances between the members that may leave gaps in the spherical surface). The spherical cap of the cover member and the spherical cap of the treat member may each be formed with a plurality of openings in the spherical outer surface defining recesses formed to extend to a radial depth being no greater than the first radial depth. 
     The rotatable treat chamber is rotatable between: a first position where the dispensing opening is substantially aligned with the first opening to permit dispensing of the pet treats at a first rate; a second position where the dispensing opening is substantially aligned with the second and third openings, to permit dispensing of the pet treats at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate; a third position where the dispensing opening is substantially aligned with the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh openings, to permit dispensing of the pet treats at a third rate, the third rate being greater than the second rate; and at least a fourth position where the dispensing opening is not aligned with any of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh openings, to prevent the dispensing of treats. (Note, the dispensing opening of the rotatable treat chamber may occupy three positions at which it is not aligned with any of the conduits, being positioned between first opening in the first regions, and the second and third openings in the second region; or being positioned between the second and third openings in the second region, and the fourth thru seventh openings in the third region; or being positioned between the first opening in the first region and the fourth thru seventh openings in the third region. 
     A detent mechanism (e.g., a ball, spring, and recess) is configured to releasably inhibit the rotation of the treat chamber with respect to the housing when the dispensing opening is aligned with the openings in the first region, and when aligned with the openings in the second region, and when aligned with the opening in the third region. 
     The openings in each of the first region, the second region, and the third region may be spaced apart about 120 degrees on the spherical outer surface. The periphery of the surface area for each of the openings may in the spherical frustum may be a plurality of equally spaced pairs of openings, with each pair being a symmetrical trapezoidal shaped periphery. To form part of the puzzle to be figured out by the pet, the outer surface of the housing and/or the openings defining the recesses and conduits in the spherical frustum may be a first color, and the pet treat chamber and/or housing cavity may be a second color, so the pet can distinguish the first and second colors to identify the conduits with the second color as being configured to permit dispensing of the treats from the pet feeder. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
       The description of the various example embodiments is explained in conjunction with appended drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a first perspective view of a first spherical pet feeder embodiment, showing a first opening at a first latitudinal position, and two pairs of adjacent openings at second and third latitudinal positions; 
         FIG. 2  is a second perspective view of the spherical pet feeder of  FIG. 1 , showing the first opening at the first latitudinal position, and also showing another pair of openings at a fourth latitudinal position; 
         FIG. 3  is a third perspective view of the spherical pet feeder of  FIG. 1 , showing the two pairs of adjacent openings at the second and third latitudinal positions; 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded perspective view of a series of parts that may be assembled to form the spherical pet feeder embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4A  is an enlarged detail view showing the spring and ball used to engage any one of a plurality of recesses in the housing shown in  FIG. 4  to form a detent mechanism; 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of the housing shown in the exploded view of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 5A  is the front view of  FIG. 5 , but showing the opening being sized to permit passing therethrough of only one pet treat of a particular size; 
         FIG. 6  is a top view of the housing of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a bottom view of the housing of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7A  is the bottom view of  FIG. 7  shown enlarged; 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of the housing of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a rear view of the housing of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view taken through one of the opening shown in  FIG. 7A ; 
         FIG. 11  is an enlarged detail view of one corner of the cross-section shown in  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a front view of the first portion of the food chamber shown in the exploded view of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a side view of the first portion of the food chamber shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a rear view of the first portion of the food chamber shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a bottom view of the first portion of the food chamber shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 16  is a front view of the second portion of the food chamber shown in the exploded view of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 17  is a side view of the second portion of the food chamber shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 18  is a rear view of the first portion of the food chamber shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 19  is a top view of the first portion of the food chamber shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 20A  is a front view showing the first portion of the food chamber seen in  FIG. 12  after being joined to the second portion of the food chamber seen in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 20B  is a side view of the assembled food chamber shown in  FIG. 20A ; 
         FIG. 20C  is a rear view of the assembled food chamber shown in  FIG. 20A ; 
         FIG. 20D  is a top view of the assembled food chamber shown in  FIG. 20A ; 
         FIG. 20E  is a cross-sectional view showing the first portion of the food chamber joined to the second portion of the food chamber, and showing the bosses with holes that may receive fasteners for mating the two parts together; 
         FIG. 20F  is an enlarged detail view of the lid lock recess shown in  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 21  is a first perspective view of an optional lid that is shown in the exploded view of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 22  is a second perspective view of the lid shown  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 23  is a front view of the lid shown  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 24  is a bottom view of the lid shown  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 25  is a top view of the lid shown  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional view of the lid shown  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 27  is a top view of the spherical pet feeder embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 28  is a first cross-sectional view through the spherical pet feeder embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 29  is a second cross-sectional view through the spherical pet feeder embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 29A  is an enlarged detail view of the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 29 , showing the spring biasing the ball to form a detent with respect to a recess in the housing; 
         FIG. 30A  is a cross-sectional view through a housing and cap member of a second spherical pet feeder embodiment; 
         FIG. 30B  is an exploded view of the housing and cap member of  FIG. 30A ; and 
         FIG. 31  illustrates the known mathematical definition for a spherical cap. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As used throughout this specification, the word “may” is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than a mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must), as more than one embodiment of the invention may be disclosed herein. Similarly, the words “include”, “including”, and “includes” mean including but not limited to. 
     The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” may be open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, and “A, B, and/or C” herein means all of the following possible combinations: A alone; or B alone; or C alone; or A and B together; or A and C together; or B and C together; or A, B and C together. 
     Also, the disclosures of all patents, published patent applications, and non-patent literature cited within this document are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. However, it is noted that citing herein of any patents, published patent applications, and non-patent literature is not an admission as to any of those references constituting prior art with respect to the disclosed and/or claimed apparatus/method. 
     Furthermore, any reference made throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection therewith is included in at least that one particular embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Therefore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of any particular aspect of an embodiment disclosed herein may be combined in any suitable manner with any of the other embodiments disclosed herein. 
     Additionally, any approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative or qualitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified, and may include values that differ from the specified value in accordance with applicable case law. Also, in at least some instances, a numerical difference provided by the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument that may be used for measuring the value. A numerical difference provided by the approximating language may also correspond to a manufacturing tolerance associated with production of the aspect/feature being quantified. Furthermore, a numerical difference provided by the approximating language may also correspond to an overall tolerance for the aspect/feature that may be derived from variations resulting from a stack up (i.e., the sum) of a multiplicity of such individual tolerances. 
     Any use of a friction fit (i.e., an interface fit) between two mating parts described herein indicates that the opening (e.g., a hole) is smaller than the part received therein (e.g., a shaft), which may be a slight interference in one embodiment in the range of 0.0001 inches to 0.0003 inches, or an interference of 0.0003 inches to 0.0007 inches in another embodiment, or an interference of 0.0007 inches to 0.0010 inches in yet another embodiment, or a combination of such ranges. Other values for the interference may also be used in different configurations (see e.g., “Press Fit Engineering and Design Calculator,” available at: www.engineersedge.com/calculators/machine-design/press-fit/press-fit-calculator.htm). 
     Any described use of a clearance fit indicates that the opening (e.g., a hole) is larger than the part received therein (e.g., a shaft), enabling the two parts to move (e.g. to slide and/or rotate) when assembled, where the gap between the opening and the part may depend upon the size of the part and the type of clearance fit—i.e., loose running, free running, easy running, close running, and sliding (e.g., for a 0.1250 inch shaft diameter the opening may be 0.1285 inches for a close running fit, and may be 0.1360 inches for a free running fit; for a 0.5000 inch diameter shaft the opening may be 0.5156 inches for a close running fit and may be 0.5312 inches for a free running fit). Other clearance amounts are used for other clearance types. See “Engineering Fit” at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_fit; and “Three General Types of Fit,” available at www.mmto.org/dclark/Reports/Encoder %20Upgrade/fittolerences %20%5BRead-Only %5D.pdf. 
     Perspective views of one embodiment of a pet puzzle feeder are shown in  FIGS. 1-3 , and an exploded view of parts are shown in  FIG. 4 , some or all of which may be used to form various different embodiments of the herein disclosed pet puzzle feeder. 
     A first puzzle pet feeder embodiment  100  may include a housing  110  ( FIGS. 5-9 ), a cap member  130  ( FIGS. 21-22 ), and a treat holder  150  ( FIG. 20A ). 
     A first version of the housing is shown in  FIGS. 5-6 , being housing  110 , and a second version of the housing is shown in  FIG. 30A , being housing  110 ′. As seen in  FIG. 6 , a portion of housing  110  (and also housing  100 ′) may be formed to have a substantially spherical exterior surface  110 E ( 110 E′) with a radius R, and each may be hollowed out to create a cavity, which cavity may be formed by a cylindrical interior surface  110 I. Other interior surfaces may be used, e.g., spherical, hour-glass shaped, etc. The housing  110  may extend from a first plane  111  to a second plane  112 , and thus the outer surface may be a spherical frustum, being formed of a sphere from which a first polar spherical cap and a second polar spherical cap are removed (which second spherical cap may be directly opposite and the same size as the first spherical cap). Note that a spherical cap is defined as the region of a sphere that lies above a plane (see  FIG. 31 , where the sphere has a radius R, a spherical cap of height h, and a base radius a). When the plane is at the center of the sphere, the spherical cap thereby formed is a hemisphere. As seen in  FIG. 29 , the housing  110 ′ may be formed to only have one spherical cap removed, and may itself be a spherical cap. 
     For the housing  110  (and also housing  100 ′) the removal of a spherical cap from the spherical housing may result in a boundary surface at the end of the spherical portion of the outer surface of the housing that may be a planar surface, or which may be any contoured shape, as an access opening  113 A that defines a conduit into the cavity may be formed thereat ( FIG. 6 ). For both the housing  110  and housing  110 ′, the access opening  113 A, which may be located where the spherical cap was removed from the housing, may be a particularly formed opening that may define a conduit that interconnects to the interior cavity of the housing. 
     The cap member  130  shown in  FIGS. 21-24  (and also the cap member  130 ′ shown in  FIGS. 30A and 30B ) may be sized and shaped to replace at least a portion of the spherical cap removed from the housing, and may be releasably securable to the housing (or another portion of the device) to cover the access opening when secured thereto (i.e., using one or more protrusions  133  that may each engage with a corresponding recess in the housing or a recess  153  in the treat holder  153 —see  FIGS. 20E-20F ). The recess  153 , as seen in  FIG. 20F , may be “L” shaped so that the cap member  130  will need to be turned and/or be depressed slightly to securely fasten it to the treat holder  150  (or to the housing  110  for the embodiment shown in  FIG. 30B ). 
     To permit dispensing of treats from the treat holder  150 , the housing may also have an opening  113 P formed in a first region of the spherical frustum/cap ( FIG. 5 ) that that defines a conduit that extends to a radial depth to interconnect with the housing cavity. The surface area (and shape of the periphery) of the opening  113 P used on the spherical surface determines the size of the pet treat that may be dispensed through the conduit and out the opening. The shape of the periphery used for the opening  113 P may be circular, or may be square, or may be close to a square, being generally trapezoidal. 
     The treat holder  150  may be particularly configured to store pet treats, and to dispense the pet treats through its co-action with the housing  110 . The treat holder  150  as shown in  FIGS. 20A-20F  may be formed of two pieces  150 A and  150 B (see  FIGS. 12-19 ), and may each be inserted into the housing  110 , and may then be secured to each other (see  FIG. 28 ). The treat holder  150 ′ may be formed of a single part, as shown in  FIG. 30B . The treat holder  150  shown in  FIG. 20  (and also the treat holder  150 ′ shown in  FIG. 30B ) may each be sized and shaped to be rotatably received within the cavity of the housing  110 . Thus, in an embodiment where the interior surface defining the housing cavity is formed to be spherical, at least a portion of the exterior surface of treat holder may be spherical (in which case the housing may be formed of two parts that can be joined together); and in an embodiment where the interior surface defining the housing cavity is formed to be cylindrical, the exterior surface of the treat holder  150 / 150 ′ may be generally cylindrical in shape, as may be seen in the figures. Each embodiment of the treat holder  150  may have a dispensing opening into the hollow cavity therein (e.g., dispensing opening  154  in  FIG. 20A  and dispensing opening  154 ′ in  FIG. 30B ). 
     In one embodiment the dispensing opening  154  ( 154 ′) may be formed to be substantially the same size and shape as the corresponding opening formed on the interior surface of the housing  110 / 110 ′ by the conduit defined by opening  113 P (which may be the projection of the periphery of the opening on the outer spherical surface onto the interior surface). In other embodiments, the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ may be formed to be larger than the corresponding opening formed on the interior surface of the housing  110 / 110 ′ by the conduit defined by opening  113 P. 
     Therefore, it may be understood that the treat holder  150  may be rotated within the housing  110 / 110 ′ at least between: a first position where the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ is substantially aligned with and interconnected to the opening  113 P in the housing  110 / 110 ′ to permit dispensing of the treats from the pet feeder  100 ; and a second position where the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ is not aligned with the opening  113 P in the housing  110 / 110 ′, to prevent the dispensing of treats from the treat holder. Such misalignment of the dispensing opening with the housing opening may be complete (i.e., absolutely no portion of the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ may be aligned with the opening  113 P in the housing  110 / 110 ′), or there may be a minimal amount of overlap between those openings, but which may be too small to permit a particularly sized per treat to egress through the common open area. 
     To challenge the pet and provide a puzzle for the pet to solve, in terms of learning about the surface features of the pet feeder  100  and understanding how to cause pet treats to be dispensed (an possibly at a more rapid rate), if at all, the spherical exterior surface may also include a plurality of additional openings each defining a corresponding plurality of recesses, to form a spherical housing lattice. The additional openings and recesses may be distributed substantially regularly on at least a portion of the exterior surface about the opening  113 P, and may be formed to have a substantially similar shape, as discussed hereinafter. The additional openings and the corresponding plurality of recesses may be formed to a lesser radial depth than the conduits of the opening  113 P, so as to not interconnect with the housing cavity. (Note that as used herein, the expression radial depth refers to a radial distance being a distance from the outmost surface of the sphere toward the feature along a line drawn perpendicular from the outer surface to the center of the sphere). The additional openings and the corresponding plurality of recesses create a puzzle for the pet to solve, as they may be visually recognizable as being formed to a lesser radial depth, and thus provide a clue to the pet who may learn that rolling the pet feeder  100  so only along these openings touch the ground releases little if any treats (i.e., rolling it such that the opening  113 P is substantially stationary with it rotating about an axis of rotation the similar to the hub of a car tire rim rotating about an axle). To further the visual clue provided by the pet feeder  100  that only the opening  113 P being rolled into contact with the ground will maximize dispensing of treats, the additional openings may be folioed to have a different shape. Alternatively or additionally, the housing outer surface and/or the corresponding plurality of recesses defined by those additional openings may be formed with a different color or color shade than the treat chamber, and/or the cavity of the housing. The conduits formed by the opening  113 P into the housing cavity may be the same color as the housing exterior, making discerning the conduits more difficult, or may be the same color/shade as the treat chamber and cavity, making discerning the conduits a little easier. 
     For example, in one embodiment, as seen in  FIG. 1 , the exterior of the housing may be formed to be a first color, e.g., light gray, light yellow, light orange etc., while the conduits of the housing  110  and the interior of the treat chamber  150  may be colored a second color, e.g., dark gray, dark yellow, dark orange, etc. (see,  FIGS. 1-3  and  FIGS. 5-9 ). 
     In one embodiment, the housing  110  of pet feeder  100  may have two openings defining recesses being formed side-by-side in the axial direction (see  FIG. 1 ), and may have a plurality of such pairs of openings (e.g. 10 pairs) formed in the circumferential direction, creating a total of two times the number of openings in the circumferential direction (e.g., 2×10), being a total of 20 openings, which in one embodiment may be for a pet feeder with a spherical housing diameter of about 5.0 inches. Thus, in this embodiment, the opening  113 P that permits dispensing of pet treats through the corresponding conduit interconnected with the dispensing opening  154  of the treat holder  150  may be positioned adjacent to a recess that does not permit dispensing, both of which may be positioned between the planes  111  and  112  of the housing  110  ( FIG. 5 ). In another embodiment, the housing  110  of pet feeder  100  may have three openings formed side-by-side in the axial direction, i.e., between planes  111  and  112  of the housing  110  (not shown), and the opening  113 P that permits dispensing of pet treats through the corresponding conduit interconnected with the dispensing opening  154  of the treat holder  150  may be positioned adjacent to and between two shallow depth recesses that do not permit dispensing, or one of the other recesses. 
     In each such embodiment, the size (i.e., the diameter) of the spherical exterior surface of the pet feeder  100  may be sufficient for the treat holder  150  to store a desirable number of pet treats so that it need not have to be refilled very often depending upon the extent of its use by the pet (i.e., in one embodiment it may hold between 5-20 pet treats, and in another embodiment it may hold between 20-40 pet treats, and in yet another embodiment it may hold between 40-100 pet treats, and in other embodiments other storage size ranges may be used, including a combination of those noted storage size ranges). In addition, the size of the opening  113 P of the pet feeder  100  may be calibrated in one embodiment to permit dispensing of only one pet treat  99  through the corresponding conduit at a time (see  FIG. 5A ), and in other embodiments, the size of the opening  113 P may be calibrated to permit two or more such pet treats to be simultaneously dispensed. In another embodiment, the size of the opening  113 P of the pet feeder  100  and the recesses may be proportional to the overall size (diameter) of the spherical lattice. 
     Also, in one embodiment, the cap member  130  may also have a plurality of openings  130 X that define shallow depth recesses that do not interconnect with the housing cavity, and further contribute to the puzzle aspect of the device. These openings  130 X on the cap member  130  may be shaped similar to the opening  113 P and the additional opening with corresponding recesses formed on the housing, or alternatively may be more elongated, as shown in  FIG. 21 . Similarly, the spherical exterior portion of the treat holder  150  (see  FIG. 20A ) may also have such shallow depth recesses that do not interconnect with the cavity of the hollow treat holder to add to the puzzle for the pet. 
     Note that the spherical cap portion of the housing  100 ′ (see  FIG. 30B ) may similarly be formed with shallow depth recesses. In one embodiment the cap member  130  and the spherical cap portion of the housing  110  (also the spherical cap portion of the housing  100 ′) may each be colored a third color (e.g., silver) to distinguish the color of the housing, and the pet feeder  100  may resemble a wheel (i.e., as seen in  FIG. 3 , the silver cap member  130  and the silver spherical cap portion of the housing  100 ′ may look like a rim and the orange portion may resemble a tire). The color scheme with the silver non-dispensing sides and the orange central portion may provide another visual clue to the pet as to how to orient the pet feeder  100  with respect to rolling on the ground to permit dispensing of treats and/or even to maximize dispensing of treats. 
     In another embodiment, the pet feeder  100  may also be formed to have a larger opening and corresponding conduit similar to the conduit defined by opening  113 P, being positioned at a different clocking than opening  113 P (e.g., 120 degrees apart, or 180 degrees apart), and which may interconnect to the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ of the treat holder  150  when rotated thereto, to provide for dispensing of two or more pet treats at a time (i.e., to provide dispensing at a second dispensing rate being different than the first dispensing rate provided by the conduit defined by opening  113 P). 
     In one embodiment, to ensure smooth rolling of the pet feeder  100  along with the dispensing at the second (higher) rate, the larger overall opening and corresponding conduit may be provided by forming two openings  113 Qi and  113 Qii in the housing  110  (see  FIG. 9 ) each of which may be roughly the same size as each other and the same size as opening  113 P. The two openings  113 Qi and  113 Qii with corresponding conduits may be two of the plurality of openings  130 X that in the other embodiment defined shallow depth recesses, but which are extended in this embodiment to instead interconnect with the housing cavity. 
     The two openings  113 Qi and  113 Qii with corresponding conduits that interconnect with the cavity of the housing  110  accommodate dispensing of pet treats at the second rate when the treat holder  150  is rotated within the housing  110 / 110 ′ to a third position at which those conduits are aligned with the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ of the treat holder. Thus, in this embodiment the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ of the treat holder is preferably sized to be at least as large as the area provided by the openings  113 Qi and  113 Qii and the space therebetween. 
     In yet another embodiment, the pet feeder  100  may also be formed to have an even larger opening and corresponding conduit similar to the conduits defined by openings  113 Qi/ 113 Qii, being positioned at a different clocking than opening  113 P and the openings  113 Qi/ 113 Qii (e.g., each spaced 120 degrees apart—see  FIG. 7A ), and which may interconnect to the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ of the treat holder  150  when rotated thereto, to provide for dispensing of at least three or more pet treats at a time (i.e., to provide dispensing at a third dispensing rate being greater than the second dispensing rate provided by the conduits defined by openings  113 Qi/ 113 Qii). 
     In one embodiment, to again ensure smooth rolling of the pet feeder  100  along with the dispensing at the third rate, this even larger overall opening and corresponding conduit may be provided by forming four openings  113 Ri,  113 Rii,  113 Riii,  113 Riv in the housing  110  (see  FIG. 8 ) each of which may be roughly the same size as each other and the same size as opening  113 P. These four openings  113 Ri,  113 Rii,  113 Riii,  113 Riv with corresponding conduits may be four of the plurality of openings  130 X that in the other embodiment defined shallow depth recesses, but which are again extended in this embodiment to instead interconnect with the housing cavity. 
     The four openings  113 Ri,  113 Rii,  113 Riii,  113 Riv with corresponding conduits that interconnect with the cavity of the housing  110  accommodate dispensing of pet treats at the third rate when the treat holder  150  is rotated within the housing  110 / 110 ′ to a fourth position at which those conduits are aligned with the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ of the treat holder. Thus, in this embodiment the dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ of the treat holder is preferably sized to be at least as large as the area provided by the openings  113 Ri,  113 Rii,  113 Riii,  113 Riv and the space therebetween. It is noted that rather than having one large rectangular-shaped dispensing opening  154 / 154 ′ being formed in the treat holder, four correspondingly sized openings may instead be used, which four openings would align properly with the housing openings  113 Ri,  113 Rii,  113 Riii,  113 Riv when rotated into the fourth position, and the other positions as well. 
     To assist the user in rotating the treat holder  150  to each of the noted positions, serrations  150 S may be provided either on the treat holder itself (see  FIG. 20A ), or on the cap member  130  (not shown). Also, to provide a tactile indication to the user as to when the treat holder  150  reaches one of those positions, and to releasably retain the treat holder threat, a detent mechanism may be used. Various different detent mechanism known in the art may be used. Merely to be exemplary, an arrangement is shown in  FIG. 29A , the parts for which (see  FIG. 4A ) include a ball  114  that may be biased by a spring  115 , a portion of which ball may seat within a small spherical recess  116  formed at each of the four positions. 
     In one embodiment of the housing  110 , as described hereinabove, each of the openings that define the recesses and the conduits may be any desired shape. However, in another embodiment a spherical housing lattice that permits substantially smooth rolling of the pet feeder  100  may be formed by the pattern of openings in the spherical outer surface of the housing such that each opening that defines either a recess or a conduit is substantially square-shaped throughout the entire surface area of the sphere (see e.g., Katherine Liapi, “Square Tessellation Patterns on Curved Surfaces: In Search of A Parametric Design Method,” Parametric and Generative Design, vol. 2, eCADDe, 35|371). In yet another embodiment, the housing lattice may be formed by the pattern of openings in the spherical outer surface of the housing such that each opening that defines either a recess or a conduit is substantially trapezoidal shaped. The trapezoidal shape may be defined by latitude planes (e.g., planes  111  and  112 ) and meridian planes. For example, the trapezoidal-shaped opening  113 P and trapezoidal-shaped plurality of openings  130 X along the same row may be formed between a first latitude plane and a second latitude plane (which may be offset respectively from plane  111  and the equatorial plane), and between a first meridian plane and a second meridian plane for opening  113 P, and between a plurality of other meridian planes for the openings  130 X (e.g., a first meridian plane, a second meridian plane, a third meridian plane, a fourth meridian plane, and a fifth meridian plane for the ten openings shown on that row—note that with equal spacing the sixth through tenth meridian planes would be the same as the first through fifth meridian planes). The bottom row of openings may be similarly formed between those meridian planes, but being between the equatorial plane and the plane  112 . 
     Each of the plurality of recesses in the spherical outer surface of the housing  110 / 110 ′ formed between those planes are configured to subtended a relatively small angle to enable substantially undisturbed rolling of said spherical housing lattice, which angle in one embodiment may be between 8 to 12 degrees, and in another embodiment may be between 12-20 degrees, and in yet another embodiment may be between 20 to 28 degrees. Other angle ranges may be used in other embodiments, including any combination of those subtended angle ranges. The opening size provided by the subtended angle will be sufficient to permit dispensing of the particular size pet treat desired for the pet. 
     While illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus are provided hereinabove, those skilled in the art and having the benefit of the present disclosure will appreciate that further embodiments may be implemented with various changes within the scope of the disclosed apparatus. Other modifications, substitutions, omissions and changes may be made in the design, size, materials used or proportions, operating conditions, assembly sequence, or arrangement or positioning of elements and members of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of this invention. 
     Accordingly, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described example embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.