Patent Publication Number: US-6209306-B1

Title: Decorative jewelry rope chain

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to the field of decorative jewelry items, and more particularly to a jewelry rope chain exhibiting unusual visual properties. 
     2. Brief Description of the Prior Art 
     Jewelry rope chain has been made for many years. Although rope chains can be made by machine, the better quality rope chains are usually manufactured by hand. While a rope chain has the feel and look of a rope, it is actually made up of a series of individual C-shaped flat links made from a precious metal such as silver or gold. Gold is available in at least four colors; white, yellow, rose (pink), and green. The C-shaped links are gapped and fastened together in a particular way, such that tightly interlinking annular links give the appearance of intertwining helical rope strands. The links of hand-made rope chains are made with a tighter fit and are more visually appealing than are machine-made rope chains. A number of annular links are connected and intertwined together in a systematic and repetitive pattern of orientation, resulting in an eye-pleasing, flexible, and delicate-appearing chain that looks and feels like a finely braided helix. 
     In a conventional rope chain, the orientation pattern of individual links producing the rope chain is repeated every several links, for example every four links, and as such is referred to as a four-link rope chain. In an improvement to the conventional basic rope chain, it is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,517 that the links can be constructed in different and narrower dimensions so that the pattern is repeated every six links or even every eight links. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,301,498, to Chia et al., it is suggested that, by narrowing the cross-section of the link, the six-link rope chain&#39;s connected segments appear finer than those of the four-link version and consequently provides a more delicate and refined presentation than that obtainable with a four-link rope chain arrangement. While the &#39;517 patent uses a six-link rope chain as a preferred embodiment, that patent teaches the formulas for creating rope chains consisting of a repeated series of six, eight, or more links. 
     Some manufacturers of jewelry use different colored gold and silver elements to enhance the beauty of the jewelry article. Examples are: rope chains in which sets of links of one color alternate with sets of links of another color; and bracelets or necklaces constructed of interconnected twisted loops exhibiting alternating colors along their lengths. 
     However, in all of the prior art construction techniques for producing rope chain jewelry, each link is of a single solid color, texture, and pattern, e.g., each link may be stamped from a solid thin sheet of precious metal, such as gold. Thus, for example, while an all yellow gold rope chain or an all white gold rope chain is attractive, it is otherwise uninteresting due to the monotonic nature of its unvarying coloration and/or texture along the links of the chain. Those prior art rope chains that do exhibit variations of colors along their lengths nevertheless are constructed of individual links each of which is of a single solid color, texture, and/or pattern. Other jewelry articles exhibit variations of colors along their lengths using interconnected twisted chain loops, but they are not regarded as rope chains as defined herein. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides the means and method for assembling links in a manufacturing process to produce a rope chain piece of jewelry in which each link exhibits a unique visual property, i.e., surface texture, coloration, attribute, feature, characteristic, or physical appearance. Such unique visual property traits for the succession of links results in more attractive, fanciful, more delicate and interesting fashion jewelry item. 
     In one aspect of the invention, each of the interconnected links has a first side surface exhibiting a first visual property and an opposite second side surface exhibiting a second, perceptively different, visual property. 
     In another aspect of the invention, rather than having each link side surface of a uniform visual property, one of the side surfaces, or both such side surfaces, may exhibit perceptively different visual properties in accordance with a predetermined pattern arrangement on each side surface. The two side surfaces so configured may be identical on both first and second side surfaces, or they may be different one from the other. For example, a portion of each first side surface may be of a first color, and another portion may be of a second color. Similarly, a portion of each second side surface may be of a first color, and another portion may be of a second color, and the design of the arrangement of different colored portions may be different on the first and second side surfaces. 
     Instead of, or in addition to, differently colored portions, the two side surfaces may exhibit differently textured or patterned portions, e.g., one portion may be shiny while another portion may have a patterned, sandblasted, frosted, or matte finish appearance. Also, either side may be of a solid color, texture, or pattern, while the other side is portioned as described. Thus, it will be understood that in all of the examples of the accompanying figures and the related text, where different colors are shown and described, texture or patterns can be shown, and the terms “texture” or “pattern” can be substituted. To avoid unnecessary duplication, however, color will be used as exemplary of other visual properties including surface texture and patterns. 
     Instead of, or in addition to, differently colored, patterned, and/or textured portions, the interconnecting links may have different shapes or shaped portions. For example, some or all of the links making up the rope chain may be smoothly circular, circular with peripheral undulations or crenels, circular with peripheral gear-like teeth, may be star shaped, baguette shaped, square shaped, rectangular shaped, oval shaped, diamond shaped, heart shaped, etc. Similarly, different portions of each link may have such different physical shapes. 
     As a result of the various combinations possible in the manufacture of jewelry rope chains in accordance with the present invention, a virtually limitless number of different design possibilities exist, and preferred ones of such possibilities are shown and described herein. It is to be understood, however, that all combinations of: the number of interconnected links in the repeated pattern along the rope chain; solid or portioned coloration and/or texturing; different designs of the portioned regions of each side surface of the links; and different physical shape and/or visual properties as identified in this description may be employed in the manufacture of jewelry rope chains and are contemplated as variations of the preferred embodiment specifically shown and described. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     Further objects and advantages and a better understanding of the present invention may be had by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a plan view of an annular link element which is the basic building element for the construction of jewelry rope chains as known in the prior art; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a solid core annular link element taken along the lines  2 — 2  in FIG. 1, also known in the prior art; 
     FIG. 2A is a view similar to that of FIG. 2, except that the link element is rectangular and hollow in cross section, known in the prior art; 
     FIG. 2B is a view similar to that of FIG. 2A, except that the link element is circular and hollow cross section; 
     FIG. 3 is a side elevational view showing a section of a prior art rope chain during the manufacturing process, before removing a forming wire used to maintain proper orientation of the series of links; 
     FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the outward appearance of a jewelry rope chain of the prior art showing a uniform visual appearance for all links in the chain for the entire length thereof; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a number of loosely interconnected links in an expanded view to show the method of interlinking to form sets of links in the series of links along the rope chain, as is known in the prior art; 
     FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of an annular link used in the manufacture of one embodiment of a rope chain in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIG. 7 is a plan view of a first example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties; 
     FIG. 8 is a plan view of a second example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties; 
     FIG. 9 is a plan view of a third example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties; 
     FIG. 10 is a plan view of a fourth example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties; 
     FIG. 11 is a plan view of a fifth example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties; 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a rope chain segment employing annular links of the type shown in FIG. 6, the figure lined for the colors yellow gold and white gold; 
     FIG. 13 is another embodiment of a rope chain segment employing annular links of the type shown in FIG. 7, the figure visually suggesting alternate helical rope strands lined to show the color yellow gold alternating with the color white gold; 
     FIG. 14 is a view similar to that of FIG. 13, with a number of annular links inserted in the series of links in reverse direction every two twists of the apparent strands of the rope chain; 
     FIG. 15 is an elevational view of section of rope chain manufactured using the style of annular link shown in FIG. 7, and with the orientation of adjacent links reversed every six links along the axis of the rope chain; 
     FIG. 16 is a left side elevational view of the segment of rope chain shown in FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 17 is a right elevational view of the segment of rope chain shown in FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 18 is a plan view of a sixth example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting four different visual color properties; 
     FIG. 19 is a plan view of a seventh example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting four different visual color properties; 
     FIG. 20 is a plan view of an eighth example of an annular link showing a pattern of four regions on the surface of the link exhibiting two different visual color properties; 
     FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a gapped link, similar to any one of those depicted in FIGS. 1,  6 - 11 ,  18 , and  19 , except that it has a virtually flat, but non-planar upper and lower major surfaces; 
     FIG. 22 is a plan view of a ninth example of a rope chain gapped link which has a baguette shape, the link having the possibility of displaying a pattern of regions on the surfaces of the link exhibiting different colors, textures, or other visual properties; 
     FIG. 23 is a plan view of a tenth example of a rope chain gapped link which has a square shape, the link having the possibility of displaying a pattern of regions on the surfaces of the link exhibiting different colors, textures, or other visual properties; 
     FIG. 24 is a plan view of an eleventh example of a rope chain gapped link which has an oval shape, the link having the possibility of displaying a pattern of regions on the surfaces of the link exhibiting different colors, textures, or other visual properties; 
     FIG. 25 is a plan view of a twelfth example of a rope chain gapped link which has a diamond shape, the link having the possibility of displaying a pattern of regions on the surfaces of the link exhibiting different colors, textures, or other visual properties; and 
     FIG. 26 is a plan view of a thirteenth example of a rope chain gapped link which is heart shaped, the link having the possibility of displaying a pattern of regions on the surfaces of the link exhibiting different colors, textures, or other visual properties. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 is a plan view of an annular link used in the construction of jewelry rope chains as known in the prior art. In general, FIGS. 1-5 depict a conventional rope chain arrangement (FIGS.  3  and  4 ), a typical annular link (FIGS. 1 and 2) employed as a basic building element in the construction of the rope chain, and a number of loosely interconnected annular links (FIG. 5) to illustrate the positional relationship of adjacent annular links along the rope chain. 
     For the purposes of this description, the following definitions are provided. 
     “Rope chain” is a series of sets of interlinked, or interconnected, link elements which has the appearance of a plurality of braided, or helically intertwined, multi-fiber strands of hemp, flax, or the like. 
     A “set” is the number of adjacent interlinked, or interconnected, links making up a structurally repeated pattern along the chain. In the accompanying drawings and associated text, a six-link set is used for purposes of ease of visual presentation and description. The preferred number of links in a set is eight. 
     A “group” is a number of adjacent interlinked, or interconnected, links exhibiting identical visual properties. The number of links in a group may be the same or different than the number of links in a set. Groups may be uniformly or randomly distributed along the rope chain. 
     A “link” is the basic building element, a number of which are assembled in series to form a rope chain. A link is typically annular in shape with an open gap having a length slightly greater than the width of the annular link. In accordance with the invention, a link may have a circular, baguette, oval, diamond, rectangular, square, heart shaped, or other geometrical shape, and each is provided with a gap at a selected position along the perimeter thereof. Accordingly, while the links of a rope chain are not necessarily annular, it is the preferred configuration for the basic building element of a rope chain, and for that reason an annular link will be used in most of the examples shown and described herein. 
     A “channel” is the path which the eye follows in passing along the rope chain at the apex of the V-shaped helical groove formed between the apparent intertwined rope braids. Hence, in the preferred embodiments described herein, the rope chain has the appearance of a pair of intertwined braids of ropes, and thus there exists two such helical channels offset from one another by one-half of the pitch of either helix. 
     A “visual property” , as used herein, is a characteristic of an object which presents a particular visual image to the eye. Such characteristics include, but are not limited to, color, texture, pattern, or physical shape. Although shape is also a physical property of an object, in the art of jewelry making, it is often the physical shapes which impart beauty and delicateness to a fashion item. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, an annular link  1  is shown to have a generally rectangular cross section (FIG. 2) and a gap  3  having sloping edges, the narrowest width of gap  3  being slightly larger than the thickness of the annular link  1 . 
     While conventional rope chains are constructed using annular links having a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. 2, variations with different cross sectional geometries are possible. FIGS. 2A and 2B depict two such variations. The cross section of tubular link  1 A in FIG. 2A is rectangular and hollow (known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,517). Another variation is shown in FIG. 2B in which the tubular link element  1 B has a hollow circular cross section. All of the link element embodiments and variations of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 6-26 can be solid or hollow in cross section, and may have any geometrical cross sectional configuration. A non-limiting solid rectangular cross section is chosen as exemplary in the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes only. 
     Conventional rope chains, such as those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, are made with a systematic and repetitive interlinking of basic annular links  1 . The annular link  1  must meet certain dimensional requirements for the interlinking to result in a well-fitting rope chain. Such dimensions are known in the art and will vary from a four-link variety to a six-link variety to an eight-link variety, and so on. Determining the proper dimensions for the annular link  1  and the gap  3  therein, depending upon the number of desired links to form a set of interlinked links, can be readily understood by reference to the aforementioned U.S. patents, especially U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,517. As can be viewed in FIGS. 3 and 4 herein, the intertwined links  1  of a segment of a conventional rope chain  5  are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in the form of a six-link variety. In their assembled form, the series of links  1  produce the appearance of a first braid of rope  7  and a second braid of rope  8 , the combination of which results in a double intertwined helical appearance. 
     As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the apparent intertwining of a pair of rope braids  7  and  8  results in a V-shaped groove between the braids at any position along the rope chain. The path along the apex of such V-shaped groove is referred to herein as a “channel”, and since there are two apparent rope braids  7  and  8 , there are, likewise, two defined channels indicating FIG. 3 by the directional arrows  10  and  12 . Channel  10 , along the length of the rope chain, defines a helix, as does channel  12 . However, the two channels never intersect one another, and are parallel to one another along the length of the rope chain separated axially by one half of the pitch of either of the two channels. In the prior art of FIGS. 3 and 4, there is no visual difference between following along the two helical channels  10  and  12 , since the rope chain is comprised of a repetitive series of sets of links  1 , and all links have the same visual property (they are all of the same color, texture, and shape, for example). 
     FIG. 3 is a side elevational view showing a section of a prior art rope chain during the manufacturing process, before removing a forming wire used to maintain proper orientation of the series of links. 
     Further with respect to FIG. 3, in the construction of a rope chain using annular links  1 , it is necessary to maintain a tightly interlinking of the annular links until the entire rope chain is completed, and for that purpose, a pair of support wires  6  are positioned in the channels  10  and  12  and are kept in place until such time as a means of fixing the assembled links  1  together is completed. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,517, for example, after building up the links in the manner described therein, to form the double helix chain, the links are held in the desired juxtaposition temporarily by a thin metal wire wrapped around the links. Then, solder is intermittently applied to every pair of adjacent links at the external periphery thereof. The wire is then removed and does not comprise a part of the completed rope chain. 
     FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the outward appearance of a jewelry rope chain of the prior art showing a uniform visual appearance for all links in the chain for the entire length thereof. 
     In FIG. 4, the distance denoted by numeral  9  encompasses the links of a “set” of links, and it will be noted that links  11  and  13  lie in the same plane, but are angularly displaced from one another along the links of the rope chain by 180°. That is, following the position of link  11  counterclockwise (as seen from the top) and downwardly, it will be observed that each subsequent link is angularly spaced at a constant 30° angle, and since there are six links per set, a 180° turn of link  11  downwardly along the rope chain will be effectively rotated 180° to assume the position of link  13 . As is clearly visible in FIG. 4, a series of sets of links  1  makes up the length of rope chain illustrated. 
     For an eight-link “set” (not shown, but defining a preferred embodiment), each subsequent link will be angularly spaced at a constant 22.5° angle. 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a set of loosely interconnected links in an expanded view to show the interlinking of the links to form a set of links in the series of links along the rope chain, as is known in the prior art. The drawing of FIG. 5 is copied from U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,517 (FIG. 8g thereof), and shows a number of annular links A 1 -A 6 , B 1  and B 2 , each with a gap  3  permitting the complex interlinking arrangement shown. A set of annular links A 1 -A 6 , when tightly assembled, results in the structured, repeated, pattern shown in FIG. 4 with the annular link A 1  of a first set of links lying in the same plane as the first annular link B 1  belonging to the next adjacent set of annular links B 1 -B 6  (only links B 1  and B 2  shown). 
     In the remaining figures to be described, FIGS. 6-11 illustrate variations of the present invention in which the annular links are manufactured with a variety of different appealing visual properties. 
     In FIG. 6, for example, the plan view of the annular link  21  has one planar side, or facial, major surface  23  (hereinafter referred to as a first side surface) of a first color and the opposite planar side, or facial, major surface  25  (hereinafter referred to as a second side surface) of a different color. The link  21  may be formed, for example, by stamping a flat sheet constructed of two laminated layers of different flat materials, or of two laminated layers of materials of different colors, and/or textures. 
     In this connection, all of FIGS. 6-20 have portions lined or marked to show the colors yellow gold, white gold, rose (pink) gold, and green gold, indicating that, for a jewelry article such as a rope chain, the preferred colors are yellow gold and white gold, but rose and/or green gold areas may also be popular, especially with younger people. In all of the FIGS. 6-20, the portions of the annular links, and therefore the rope chain, lined for gold colors may be a result of gold plating a metallic annular link, such that the color of side surfaces  23  and  25  extends beyond the edges to meet in the middle of the annular edge (as shown), or either one of the colors may extend the full width of the edge of the annular link  21  (not shown). Alternatively, as suggested by FIG. 6, the links may, for example, be laminated with a yellow gold layer  27  and a white gold layer  29 . It is also within the scope of the present invention to use gapped links that have been enameled or otherwise surface coated. 
     FIG. 7 is a plan view of a first example of an annular link showing a pattern of regions on a surface of a link  31 , exhibiting different visual properties. In FIG. 7, annular link  31  is divided along a line  37  such that one half  33  of the annular link  31  between the dividing line  37  and the gap  3  is yellow gold colored, while the other half  35  is white gold colored. Again (as with all variations shown in FIGS.  6 - 11 ), these colored surfaces  33 ,  35  may be differently plated, or each link portion may be made from a solid precious metal such as yellow gold and white gold. In the latter case, the gapped links may be stamped from a multicolored flat sheet, striped with a number of alternately colored gold materials, or alternately striped with different materials such as gold and silver. Such a striped flat sheet may be stamped to form gapped links in different orientations relative to the stripe pattern and relative to the gap position, resulting in a variety of interesting colored patterns in the finished rope chain, yet all such links can be stamped from the same striped sheet. 
     FIG. 8 is a plan view of a second example of an annular link  41  showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties. In FIG. 8, the annular link  41  has two major curved portions  43 ,  44  of yellow gold, while a small section  45  is white gold, the section  45  being defined by separating lines  46  and  47 . 
     FIG. 9 is a plan view of a third example of an annular link  51  showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties. In FIG. 9, the annular link  51  has a major curved portion  55  and a minor curved portion  53  of a yellow gold color, while a sector  57  of the annular link  51  is white gold. 
     FIG. 10 is a plan view of a fourth example of an annular link  61  showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties. This figure shows yet another variety of coloration in which the annular link  61  is divided along a diameter defined by separating lines  68 ,  69  above which portions  63  and  65  are yellow gold, and below which portion  67  is white gold. 
     FIG. 11 is a plan view of a fifth example of an annular link  71  showing a pattern of regions on the surface of the link exhibiting different visual properties. FIG. 11 shows another possibility in which annular link  71  has a yellow gold band  75 ,  76  along a diameter of the link defining separating lines  77 - 80 , above which, a pair of curved portions  72 ,  73  are of white gold, and below which an arcuate portion of the link  71  is also of white gold. 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a rope chain segment employing annular links of the type shown in FIG. 6, the figure lined for the colors yellow gold and white gold. The rope chain  81  of FIG. 12 is constructed from a continuous series of annular links  21  as shown in FIG.  6 . One side  23  of the annular link  21  is yellow gold, and the other side  25  is white gold, and the white gold side of all links face the same direction along the length of the rope chain  81 , as does the yellow gold side but in the opposite direction. Accordingly, the channel  10  will have a continuous length of white gold at, and extending outwardly from, the apex of the V-shaped channel  10 , while the channel  12  will display a continuous color of yellow gold. 
     While the flat two-dimensional drawing of FIG. 12 is lined accurately with respect to the two different colors yellow gold and white gold, it may appear at first glance that a white gold portion  25  is to the right and a yellow gold portion  23  is to the left at some points along channel  10 , for example at the position of the top arrow  10  in FIG.  12 . However, when visualizing the three-dimensional aspect of the rope chain, and following channel  10  mentally along the rope chain  81 , in passing around the right side of the rope chain  81  toward the rear along channel  10 , the right portion of all of the annular links  21  will be viewed from a different angle from that shown in the two-dimensional drawing of FIG.  12 . 
     That is, the rear side of each link to the right of the axis of rope chain  81  and shown as yellow gold in FIG. 12 is, in fact, white gold, and similarly, the rear side of each white gold colored surface  25  in FIG. 12, as viewed from the other side is yellow gold. The rope chain  81  of FIG. 12 thus imparts a very interesting and attractive coloration for the rope chain  81  having alternate yellow gold and white gold portions viewable from a particular viewpoint, and yet the rope chain  81  displays the interesting aspect of a continuous yellow gold helical channel paralleling a white gold helical channel. 
     FIG. 13 is another embodiment of a rope chain  91  showing alternate helical strands lined to show the color yellow gold alternating with the color white gold, or a gold material ( 33  in FIG. 7) alternating with a silver material ( 35  in FIG.  7 ). The yellow gold/white gold (or silver) pattern shown in FIG. 13 for the rope chain  91  is the result of assembling a series of annular links  31  as shown in FIG.  7 . It will be appreciated from the drawing of FIG. 13 that the links  31  that are perpendicular to the page and shown as a yellow gold color will have a white gold or silver color as viewed from the rear thereof. Similarly, the white gold or silver colored links  31  shown perpendicular to the page in FIG. 13 are yellow gold colored in the rear view thereof. Likewise, any link  31  having a yellow gold colored exposed surface to the right of the axis of rope chain  91  in FIG. 13 will have a white gold or silver color on its exposed surface on the left side of the axis, and vice versa. Accordingly, following along channel  10  for the entire length of the rope chain  91 , the right side of the channel will be white gold or silver colored and the left side will be yellow gold colored. Similarly, following along channel  12 , the left side will be white gold or silver and the right side will be yellow gold. 
     Thus, in the configuration of FIG. 13, although all annular links  31  are identical and arranged in the same direction along the rope chain  91 , nevertheless, the visual appearance is such that an apparent yellow gold colored rope is intertwined with an apparent white gold or silver colored rope, lending an interesting alternately colored appearance along the rope chain  91 . 
     FIG. 14 is a rope chain  101  configured similar to that of FIG. 13, but with a number of annular links  31  inserted in the series of links in reverse direction every two twists of the strands of the rope chain  101 . The rope chain  101  in FIG. 14 is thus constructed of a similar series of annular links  31  as shown in FIG. 7, except that the yellow gold and white gold halves  33 ,  35  are arranged adjacent one another for a series of three sets, and then the yellow gold and white gold sides  33 ,  35  are reversed for the next three sets. For example, in FIG. 14, a transition from a white gold colored half to a yellow gold colored half occurs at link  34  near the top of the segment of rope chain  101 , while the yellow gold halves are adjacent one another from the bottom of FIG. 14 up to point  36  at which the yellow gold and white gold sides are reversed. With this configuration, another interesting yellow gold/white gold attractive pattern is produced which has a repetitive pattern along the rope chain  101  as follows (y meaning yellow gold and w meaning white gold): y,w,y,y,w,y,w,w/y,w,y,y,w,y,w,w/, etc. Of course, the left and right views of FIG. 14 would show a transition between yellow gold and white gold at the points  34  and  36 , whereby, for example, in a view from the right of FIG. 14 at link  34 , to the left of link  34  would be white gold and to the right of link  34  would be yellow gold. 
     Other attractive yellow gold/white gold patterns are possible when employing the concepts of the present invention, including, but not limited to: w,w,y,w,w,y or w,w,w,y,w,w,w,y or w,w,y,y,w,w,y,y, etc. Using other available gold colors, such as rose (r) and green (g), additional color patterns can be created, such as: w,w,y,r,r,y,g,g,y,r,r,y,w,w. 
     It is to be understood that the described specific examples of color patterns in a repeated set are not to be taken as limiting. An appealing rope chain may be formed by arranging sets of different color patterns in any combination, i.e. such a rope chain will have color patterns that differ along the length of the rope chain set-to-set. For example, a rope chain may have the repetitive set pair y,w,y,y,w,y,w,w and y,y,w,w,y,y,w,w repeated along the chain producing the structure: y,w,y,y,w,y,w,w/y,y,w,w,y,y,w,w//y,w,y,y,w,y,w,w/ y,y,w,w,y,y,w,w//(etc.). Alternatively, a rope chain may have a non-repetitive set pattern with each set along the chain having a different color pattern producing, for example, the color scheme: y,w,y,y,w,y,w,w/y,y,w,w,y,y,w,w/w,r,r,y,g,g,y,w/ (etc.,all sets different). Combinations of a repeated set, repeated set pairs or set triplets or set quads etc., non-repetitive sets, or random sets of different color patterns are also within the scope of the present invention. 
     A visually pleasing rope chain construction can be created, as another example, using the link element  31  of FIG. 7 to produce the rope chain appearance in FIG.  13 . The FIG. 13 pattern as described may extend for a length of one inch with each set being repeated as shown in FIG.  13 . The next one inch of rope chain may then comprise repeated sets of link elements of different colors, textures, or shapes, as desired, followed by a one inch length duplicating the first one inch segment. Such a finished rope chain will show a series of one inch segments having alternating visual properties. 
     After the assembly of a rope chain is completed, portions of the chain may be selectively rhodium coated to enhance the brilliance and luster of the coated part. In FIG. 13, for example, after construction, the white gold halves  35  of each link element  31  (FIG. 7) may be coated with rhodium which brightens the white gold helix and increases the contrast between the rhodium coated helix and the yellow gold helix. To the eye, this increased contrast effect makes the yellow gold helix appear to be even more yellow in color. 
     If desired, the jewelry designer may choose to give the finished rope chain a soft lusterless appearance, i.e., instead of rhodium coating to increase reflectivity and brilliance, the finished rope chain may be mechanically or chemically treated so as to have a sandblast, matt, or frost like finish. 
     Another possibility with the present invention is the ability to assemble virtually any color, texture, or shape combination along the length of the rope chain not grouped into patterns correlated with the number of links elements in a set. That is, a color/texture/shape combination, repeated or not, may extend along any number of links and not be bounded by the chosen number of links per set. One example of this is a rope chain having color patterns in groups of thirteen links, while a set for this particular rope chain may comprise eight links. Moreover, it is within the scope of the present invention to construct a rope chain with sets made up of different numbers of links, e.g., 4-link, 6-link, and 8-link sets used in the construction of the same rope chain. 
     FIGS. 15-17 show yet another combination of coloring for the rope chain  111 . Rope chain  111  is also constructed of annular links  31  (FIG. 7) along the entire length thereof. Rope chain  111  is of a six-link variety in which there are six links per set along the series of annular links. However, the annular links  31  are assembled with the colors matching the colors of adjacent links  31  (i.e., all are in the same axial orientation) for a complete set of six along the chain, and then the links are flipped 180° to be assembled in reverse axial orientation for the next set, and so on. As a result, and since there are six annular links  31  per set, rather than the alternately appearing yellow gold and white gold rope strands shown in FIG. 13, the right side of rope chain  111  in FIG. 15 is all of a white gold color, while the left side is all of a yellow gold color. It will therefore be appreciated that the view of FIG. 15 is taken at the reversal transition point of each set, wherein the edge of the link  31  perpendicular to the page is white gold and all link surfaces exposed to the right of the axis are also white gold, while those link surfaces exposed to the left of the center are yellow gold. The view from the rear of FIG. 15 would be similar. That is, what is shown as lined for the color white gold in FIG. 15 will also appear as white gold, and what is lined for the color yellow gold in FIG. 15 will also appear as yellow gold, but the center links (perpendicular to the page) will be seen as yellow gold from the rear. 
     From the description of FIG. 15 above, it will be apparent that the view from the left side of FIG. 15 will have an all yellow gold color appearance (FIG.  16 ), while the right side view of FIG. 15 will have an all white gold appearance (FIG.  17 ). 
     The embodiment of FIGS. 15-17 are particularly attractive from the viewpoint that, the rope chain necklace or bracelet may, from one viewpoint, appear to be yellow gold in color, while from another viewpoint may appear to be white gold in color. From other viewpoints, the rope chain  111  gives somewhat of a random coloring impression, again imparting beauty and exciting visual stimuli. 
     The embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 12-17 provide a basis for appreciating the virtually limitless design patterns that can be produced by arranging the differently colored, patterned, or textured annular links such as those shown in FIGS. 6-11 in a rope chain structure. 
     Further variations of color patterns are presented in FIGS. 18-20. FIGS. 18-20 illustrate the possibility of manufacturing the annular links with either or both planar surfaces having different gold colored areas, shown on the link  120  of FIG. 18 symbolically, as yellow (y), white (w), rose (r), and green (g) areas. The link  122  of FIG. 19 is lined for the gold colors white, yellow, rose, and green for the respective regions  123 - 126 . FIG. 20 shows an annular link  128  having areas  130  and  131  with variations in color, in this example yellow gold areas  130  and white gold areas  131 . Importantly, the different-appearing three embodiments shown in FIGS. 12-17 are all constructed with the same multi-colored, or multi-textured annular links  21  and  31  shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively. Even further varieties are possible but not shown. 
     For example, using the annular link coloring shown in FIG. 7, a rope chain may be constructed using a six-link set, but reversing the direction of the yellow gold and white gold patterns every five links along the rope chain. This arrangement gives yet a further interesting and curious visual impression, since there is somewhat of an overall repeated pattern along the chain, but at any segment of the chain, the coloring appears to be somewhat random. On the other hand, following the channels of such an arrangement, each channel would show a link of white gold on both sides of the channel for a distance, followed by a length of yellow gold on both sides of the channel, followed by another length of white gold, etc. 
     Examples of a completed rope chain using the configurations for the annular links  41 ,  51 ,  61 , and  71  shown in FIGS. 8-11 are left to the artisan having the knowledge of the examples given in this specification to follow for guidance. 
     Obviously, color and texture configurations other than those shown in FIGS. 6-11 and  18 - 20  are possible for the manufacture of the annular links, and these are merely examples of preferred visual property combinations which can produce striking results in a finished rope chain construction. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the patterns shown in FIGS. 6-11, the types of materials used, the coloring, surface texture, surface patterns, arrangement of groups and sets of links along the rope chain, reversed or not, randomly assembled or in strict accordance with a repeated pattern, and the like are all contemplated possibilities and are to be considered within the scope of the present invention. 
     FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a gapped link  132 , similar to any one of those depicted in FIGS. 1,  6 - 11 ,  18 , and  19 , except that it has flat, but non-planar upper and lower major surfaces  133 ,  134 . That is, a radial cross section taken anywhere along the gapped link  132  will reveal a flat, or linear, upper and lower surface edge, and yet the link  132  is slightly skewed such that the upper and lower surfaces  133 ,  134  are slightly helical, such that the end faces  135 ,  136  at the gap are not in registration. The gap dimensions are maintained in accordance with the need to interlink the gapped links to form a rope chain with tightly interconnected link elements. The skewed nature of the gapped link elements making up the rope chain produces interesting visual effects, especially as to reflected light, since there will be no planar, i.e., mirror-like reflections. If desired, only one of the upper and lower surfaces  133 ,  134  may be made flat; the other, opposite, side surface may be rounded, concave, etched, notched, or configured to any desired shape while maintaining a generally annular link configuration. 
     FIGS. 22-26 show alternate configurations for the gapped links. The link  137  of FIG. 22 is baguette shaped, the link  138  of FIG. 23 is square shaped, the link  139  of FIG. 24 is oval shaped, the link  140  of FIG. 25 is diamond shaped, and the link  141  of FIG. 26 is heart shaped. Any combination of annular, baguette, square, oval, diamond, heart, or other geometric shaped gapped links may be assembled in a virtually limitless variety of combinations to create interesting rope chain jewelry items in accordance with the concepts and methodology of the present invention. For example, a particularly beautiful rope chain design uses a combination of baguette and annular links along the length of the chain. It will be understood that the surface colors, textures, patterns, and/or shapes of the gapped links  137 - 141  in FIGS. 22-26 may be as varied as those features of the annular links described herein and shown in FIGS. 6-21 
     While only certain embodiments have been set forth, alternative embodiments and various modifications will be apparent from the above description to those skilled in the art. For example, while the colors and precious metals used in the descriptions herein are preferred to be yellow, white, rose, and green gold, other colors and metals, or even non-metals, can be employed in the construction of the disclosed rope chain configurations. Notable alternate materials, for example, are rhodium (in various colors), silver, and nickel, either solid or plated, or the links may be enameled using any selectable colored or clear enamel. The examples herein of gapped links with a rectangular cross section are not to be considered limiting. Virtually any cross sectional configuration can be produced for the gapped links while maintaining an overall annular configuration, or other configuration not unlike the examples shown in FIGS. 22-26. An attractive rope chain, for example, may be formed using annular gapped links having a circular cross section, solid or tubular, resulting in a “soft feel” rope chain with brilliant light reflection patterns. In this connection, if desired, the interior peripheral edge of the links shown in FIGS. 22-25 may be circular, leaving the exterior peripheral edge as shown. These and other alternatives are considered equivalents and within the spirit and scope of the present invention.