Patent Publication Number: US-11040121-B2

Title: UV sterilization of container, room, space or defined environment

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/602,489, filed May 23, 2017, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/813,057, filed Jul. 29, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,046,073, which is continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/302,375, filed Jun. 11, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,687,575, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/091,311, filed Nov. 26, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,682,161, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/650,028, filed Oct. 11, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,387,268, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,707,306, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/308,383, filed Nov. 30, 2011, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/151,196, filed Jun. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,044,521, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/350,414, entitled “UV Sterilization Of Containers,” filed Jun. 1, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety by reference for all purposes. U.S. application Ser. No. 13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011, also claims benefit of PCT patent application Ser. No. PCT/US2011/038826, filed Jun. 1, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/350,414, entitled “UV Sterilization Of Containers,” filed Jun. 1, 2010. PCT patent application Ser. No. PCT/US2011/063827, filed Dec. 7, 2011, is a continuation of the following applications: U.S. application Ser. No. 13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011; U.S. application Ser. No. 13/151,196, filed Jun. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,044,521; and PCT/US2011/038826, filed Jun. 1, 2011. Each of these disclosures are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety by reference for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to compositions, systems and methods for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and more specifically, to compositions, systems and methods for UV disinfection of a container, and more particularly to compositions, systems and methods for UV disinfection of a container used in the food and dairy industry or in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. More specifically, the present invention relates to portable UV devices and uses thereof in methods of sterilization and sanitization of interior surfaces of containers. The present invention also relates to compositions, systems and methods for UV disinfection of a room, a space or a defined environment. The present invention also relates to methods of manufacturing portable UV devices. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It has been well established that ultraviolet (UV) light has germicidal properties. Specifically, the mechanism by which UV light kills microorganisms is by damaging the genetic material, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), of the microorganisms. Wavelengths between 200-300 nm have been shown to initiate a photoreaction between adjacent pyrimidines. Pyrimidine bases, such as cytosine and thymine, have conjugated double bonds and as such absorb UV light. The photoreaction between adjacent thymine or cytosine bases proceeds at an exceedingly rapid rate (on the order of picoseconds). There are two possible products. The most common is the formation of a cyclobutane ring between the two pyrimidines (Fu et al., 1997 , Applied and Environ Microbiol  63(4):1551-1556). The other photoproduct is a (6-4) pyrimidone. The formation of these dimers leads to “kinks” within the structure of the DNA inhibiting the formation of proper transcriptional and replicational templates. Cytosine cyclobutane photodimers are susceptible to deamination and can therefore induce point mutations, specifically the CC (two adjacent cytosines) are converted into TT (two adjacent thymines) via the SOS Response system in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (Fu et al., 2008 , FEMS Microbiol Rev  32(6):908-26; Eller and Gilchrest; 2000 , Pigment Cell Res  13 Suppl 8:94-7). The inactivation of specific genes via point mutations is one of the mechanisms of how UV-induced genetic damage can lead to cell death or to the inhibition of cell replication. The inability to form proper replicational and transcriptional templates coupled with the increased number of point mutations leads to the deactivation and inability to reproduce of microorganisms. 
     DNA, specifically has a maximum absorbency of UV light at 253.7 nm. It has been determined that approximately 26,400 microwatt-seconds/cm 2  are needed to deactivate 100% of the most resistant bacteria (Osburne et al., 2010 , Environ Microbiol ; doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02203.x). 
     UV light is separated into 3 distinct categories: UV-A (315-400 nm), UV-B (280-315 nm), and UV-C (200-280 nm). Since DNA optimally absorbs UV light at 253.7 nm, it is UV-C lamps that are used in most prior art germicidal devices. UV devices are used, e.g., to inactivate microorganisms in laboratory settings. 
     UV radiation is used for disinfection in hospitals, nurseries, operating rooms, cafeterias and to sterilize vaccines, serums, toxins, municipal waste, and drinking waters. 
     Current steel vessel and container sanitation protocols involve the use of a pressure wash using a hot water cycle to remove pigments, colloidal deposits, and tartrates following wine fermentations. After the hot water cycle, typically the vessels are washed with a 200 mg/L solution of hypochlorite as a sanitation cycle. This is usually followed by a rinse with citric acid. (Boulton et al., Principles and Practices of Winemaking, page 210, Springer, 1 st Edition, Jan. 15, 1996). 
     Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is often used for disinfecting hospital wastewater in order to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, causal agents of nosocomial infectious diseases. Chlorine disinfectants in wastewater react with organic matters, giving rise to organic chlorine compounds such as AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon), which are toxic for aquatic organisms and are persistent environmental contaminants (Bohrerova et al., 2008, Water Research 42(12):2975-2982). Other protocols follow the removal of pigments, colloidal deposits, and tartrates with a wash with a caustic solution containing sodium hydroxide (typically 3%) and further followed by a final wash with a citric acid solution (typically 3%) to neutralize any remaining sodium hydroxide. There are several disadvantages to using sodium hydroxide and citric acid for sterilization. The primary disadvantage is the necessary use of large amounts of water as a solvent for both solutions. Any potential water saving measure is of great value both economically and environmentally. Further, the reduction in use of extremely caustic sodium hydroxide would be an added environmental benefit. 
     Other methods currently used for sterilizing fermentation vessels (made from metals and/or wood) include the use of ozone. Prior to 1997, ozone could only be used for sanitation and purification of bottled drinking water in the United States, and it is widely used around the world for this purpose today. In May 1997, an expert panel assembled by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) declared ozone to be Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for use in food processing in the United States. Since then, wineries have embraced the use of ozone. Its use has been generally accepted and documented to be effective for barrel cleaning and sanitation, tank cleaning and sanitation, clean-in-place systems, and for general surface sanitation. Results have shown the same degree of sanitization as that achieved using caustic for a fraction of the cost and wasted water. 
     However, in the wine industry, ozone systems tend to be mobile (a single unit can be moved to different vessels), with multiple operators in multiple locations. This makes it important that safety features and ozone management systems be in place and that the system itself be reliable and easy to operate. 
     Natural levels of ozone range from 0.01 ppm to 0.15 ppm and can reach higher concentrations in urban areas. Ozone is an unstable gas and readily reacts with organic substances. It sanitizes by interacting with microbial membranes and denaturating metabolic enzymes. 
     Ozone is generated by irradiation of an air stream with ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 185 nm or by passing dry air or oxygen through a corona discharge (CD technology) generator. For low ozone concentrations (ca. 0.14% by weight, or 0.5 grams per hour), the less expensive UV equipment is sufficient. For more demanding situations where higher ozone concentrations (1.0% to 14% by weight) are required, CD systems are used. 
     The wine industry is using both CD technology and UV (different from the one described herein). Some manufacturers use multiple UV tubes to achieve a desired level of output. Several manufacturers chose to install air-cooled or water-cooled CD generators in their systems. It is really a question of how much ozone at a certain gallons per minute (gpm) is desired for an application. For clean in place (CIP), 20 gpm may be desired, necessitating a larger system, while only 10 gpm at a lower concentration may provide satisfactory barrel washing. 
     The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set limits for ozone exposure in the workplace. These limits are for continuous eight-hour exposure of no more than 0.1 ppm, and a short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 15 minutes at 0.3 ppm, not to be exceeded more than twice per eight-hour work day. Consequently, ozone requires monitoring in the workplace if used for environmental or equipment sanitation using, e.g., ozone. 
     Ozone is known to have adverse physiological effects on humans (Directorate-General of Labour, the Netherlands 1992, 4(92), 62). Technically, there is no minimum threshold for ozone toxicity. Even low concentrations of ozone produce transient irritation of the lungs as well as headaches. Higher concentrations induce severe eye and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic exposure to ozone leads to respiratory tract disease and has been associated with reported increases in tumor growth rates. Exposure to ozone levels greater than the maximum thresholds specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)/Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) results in nausea, chest pain, coughing, fatigue and reduced visual acuity. Thus, while ozone provides an efficient means of sterilization, it also poses an occupational hazard to those involved in the sterilization process. 
     Another bactericidal chemical frequently used to sterilize fermentation vessels is chlorinated trisodium phosphate (TSP). It has been well established that chlorinated TSP is an effective germicidal agent. TSP, however, is also a severe irritant, capable of inducing contact dermatitis in addition to irritating the respiratory tract (Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HETA-82-281-1503; HETA-82-281-1503). Also, certain microorganisms, such as  Cryptosporidium , have developed resistance to reactive chlorine compounds. Further, evidence is mounting that organic chemical byproducts of chemical disinfection, especially byproducts of chlorination, are carcinogens and/or toxins for humans. Thus, expensive filtration devices may be required to remove the chemicals. Further, systems based on filtration require frequent replacement and/or cleaning of the filters. In addition, use of chlorinated TSP requires large quantities of water as a solvent and to extensively rinse the container following chemical sterilization. Also, chlorinated compounds are notorious for causing wine fouling. Thus, chemical disinfection is not a viable alternative when chemical purity of a fluid or alcoholic beverage in a fermentation vessel is desired or required. 
     Ozone sterilization was originally used to purify blood in the late 1800s. In the 1900s, ozonated water was in use for the treatment of multiple types of disease. In the first World War, ozone was used to treat wounds, gangrene and the effects of poisonous gas. Thus, throughout the time period, toxic and/or carcinogenic chemicals have been used in the sterilization of containers used for fermenting alcoholic beverages. 
     Using the chemical disinfection or ozone disinfection methods, there is also no established protocol for verifying the level of sterilization achieved by using those methods. 
     Sanitization of food-containing equipment or food-containing containers is a growing concern in the world. An increasing number of people fall ill each year by being exposed to contaminated food or food kept in contaminated containers. 
     Thus, there is a need in the art for non-toxic and non-carcinogenic methods, systems, and compositions useful for the sterilization of containers, and in particular, for the sterilization of containers for fermenting alcoholic beverages and containers for food and dairy products. There is also a need for providing improved UV devices, systems, and methods for the sanitization of a room, a space or defined environment. The compositions, systems, and methods provided herein meet these and other needs in the art. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Provided herein are portable UV devices, systems comprising a portable UV device, methods useful for the ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of containers and for the sanitization of rooms, spaces and defined environments using a portable UV device, and methods for manufacturing a portable UV device. 
     The present invention provides a portable UV device. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device is a UV device for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device comprises (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame. When not in use, the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower frame. 
     A portable UV device of the present invention is adapted to include additional parts and components. In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first housing. A variety of housings can be used in the portable UV devices. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the first housing permits UV light to pass through. A housing that permits UV light to pass through, can be made of a variety of materials. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, a housing is made of UV fused silica, CaF 2 , MgF 2 , BaF 2 , quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX® or polymethylpentene (PMP). A preferred material is teflon. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device further comprises a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. A variety of such means can be used for that purpose. In some embodiments, this means is a mounting bracket. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device further comprises a second hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the means for attaching the portable UV device to the opening of the container, to the fixture in the room or to the fixture in or at the space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device further comprises a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, this means permits the at least one second germicidal UV light source be positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source. 
     A variety of means can be used for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, this means comprises a pneumatic cylinder. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable is connected to a first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper frame and fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point located on either the lower frame or located on a mounting bracket movably attached to the lower frame and wherein, upon release of the rope or cable from the second rope or cable anchoring point, the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, the second rope or cable anchoring point is a first rope post or a second rope post attached to the mounting bracket. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises an upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upper frame clip is adapted to restrict movement of the upper frame, and wherein, upon release from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises an extension spring comprising a first hook attached to a first anchoring post and a second hook attached to a second anchoring post. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the second anchoring post is adapted to function as a carrying handle. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises a motor. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises a winch. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device further comprises at least one stop post. The at least one stop post is adapted to prevent movement of the at least one second germicidal UV light source beyond an approximately perpendicular position with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is attached to the at least one UV lamp socket. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the first lower frame end and the second lower frame end each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is attached to the at least one UV lamp socket. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end are connected by a plurality of rods. In some embodiments, the upper frame further comprises at least one cross connector and the plurality of rods penetrates the at least one cross connector. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device comprises a V sensor attached to either the lower frame or the upper frame. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device comprises more than one first germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six first germicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten first germicidal UV light sources, and wherein members of the plurality of first germicidal UV light sources are the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device comprises more than one second germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, the at least one second germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of second germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three second germicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light sources, five second germicidal UV light sources, six second germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV light sources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine second germicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light sources, and wherein members of the plurality of second germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV light sources connected to the lower frame and two second germicidal UV light sources connected to the upper frame. The two first germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. The two second germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. The two first germicidal UV light sources and the two second germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 
     A portable UV device of the present invention may comprise a variety of first and second UV lamps. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the first lamp and the second lamp are independently selected from the group consisting of a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide lamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultrahigh pressure metal halide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp. Preferred is a low pressure mercury lamp. 
     In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the at least one first germicidal UV light source or the at least one second germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light source. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a portable UV light source is connected to a control box. The control box is adapted to house various components and parts. In some embodiments of the present invention, the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device or relaying a response from the portable UV device. 
     A circuit board is adapted to control one or more functionalities of the portable UV device and/or is adopted to relay a response from the portable UV device. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the one or more functionalities of the portable UV device controlled by or relayed by the circuit board is selected from the group consisting of: (A) communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; (B) controlling a movement of the germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment; (C) controlling a positioning of the germicidal UV light source within the container, the room or the defined environment; (D) controlling activation and deactivation of the germicidal UV light source; (E) relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to the container, the room or the defined environment; (F) uploading and relaying information from the radiofrequency identifier; (G) generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle; (H) generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; (I) generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle; (J) emailing, phoning or texting the report on time of a sanitization cycle; (K) emailing, phoning or texting the report on duration of a sanitization cycle; (L) emailing, phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle; (M) emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete; (N) emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source requires replacement; (O) logging date, time and individual who used the portable UV device; and (P) logging information of container, room, space, or defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or has been used. 
     A control box is adapted to comprise a variety of features, components and parts. In some embodiments of the present invention, a control box comprises a touchscreen interface adapted to provide an input for a functionality selected from the group consisting of: (A) activating the portable UV device; (B) deactivating the portable UV device; (C) providing time input for completing a UV sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment; (D) providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the room, or the defined environment; (E) setting a desired UV intensity level; (F) adjusting a UV intensity level; and (G) logging in a code for a user. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a control box comprises an emergency shutdown button, an on/off switch, a status indicator light or an alarm light. 
     The present invention also provides systems comprising a portable UV device. In some embodiments of a system, the system comprises (a) a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (b) a container, a room, a space or a defined environment. 
     A system of the present invention may comprise a variety of containers. In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, a container is selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a container for a biological fluid. 
     The container, the room or the defined environments of a system of the present invention may have various interior surfaces. In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the container, the room, or the defined environment comprises an interior surface comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric. 
     In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, a system comprises (a) a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (b) a control box, wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device. 
     In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the system further comprises a case, wherein the portable UV device, when not in use, resides. In some embodiments, the case is attached to the control box. 
     In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the system further comprises a transportation rack adapted to accommodate the control box and case for transportation. 
     The present invention further provides methods of using a portable UV device of the present invention, preferably using a portable UV device of the present invention in a method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface of a defined environment. Any portable UV device described herein can be used in such method. In some embodiments, a method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface of a defined environment comprises the steps of (a) movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a container, through an opening of a room or through an opening of a defined environment at least one first germicidal UV light source and at least one second germicidal UV light source of a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (b) activating the at least one first germicidal UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light source. Thereby, the interior surface of the container, the interior surface of the room or the interior surface of the defined environment is sterilized. 
     Any container, room or defined environment can be sterilized using a method of the present invention and a portable UV device of the present invention. In some embodiments of a method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container, a container is selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a container for a biological fluid. 
     An interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface of a defined environment, may have various interior surfaces. Methods described herein are not limited by such surfaces. In some embodiments of a method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface of a defined environment, the container, the room, or the defined environment comprises an interior surface comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric. 
     The present invention further provides methods for manufacturing a portable UV device. In particular, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame. In some embodiments, a method for manufacturing a portable UV device comprises the steps of attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source to a lower frame; attaching at least one second germicidal UV light source to an upper frame; and attaching a first hinge to the lower frame and to the upper frame thereby connecting the lower frame to the upper frame so that the upper frame can move in a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, a method for manufacturing a portable UV device further comprises the step of attaching a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame. 
     Some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, a system of the present invention, a method of use of the present invention and a method of manufacturing a portable UV device of the present invention are set forth below: 
     1. A portable ultraviolet (UV) device comprising 
     a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; an upper frame comprising 
     a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end; 
     a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; 
     at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and 
     at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame; 
     wherein, when not in use, the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower frame. 
     2. The portable UV device according to embodiment 1, wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first housing. 
     3. The portable UV device according to embodiment 2, wherein the first housing permits UV light to pass through. 
     4. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 2 to 3, wherein the housing is made of UV fused silica, CaF 2 , MgF 2 , BaF 2 , quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX® or polymethylpentene (PMP). 
     5. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, further comprising a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment, preferably, the means is a mounting bracket. 
     6. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, further comprising a second hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the means for attaching the portable UV device to the opening of the container, to the fixture in the room or to the fixture in or at the space or defined environment. 
     7. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, further comprising a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. 
     8. The portable UV device according to embodiment 7, wherein the means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame permits the at least one second germicidal UV light source be positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source. 
     9. The portable UV device according to embodiments 7 to 8, wherein the means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises a component selected from the group consisting of 
     a pneumatic cylinder; 
     a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable is connected to a first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper frame and fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point located on either the lower frame or located on a mounting bracket movably attached to the lower frame and wherein, upon release of the rope or cable from the second rope or cable anchoring point, the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame and preferably the second rope or cable anchoring point is a first rope post or a second rope post attached to the mounting bracket; 
     an upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upper frame clip is adapted to restrict movement of the upper frame, and wherein, upon release from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame; 
     an extension spring comprising a first hook attached to a first anchoring post and a second hook attached to a second anchoring post, preferably, the second anchoring post is adapted to function as a carrying handle; 
     a motor; and 
     a winch. 
     10. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, further comprising at least one stop post; wherein the at least one stop post is adapted to prevent movement of the at least one second germicidal UV light source beyond an approximately perpendicular position with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source. 
     11. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is attached to the at least one UV lamp socket. 
     12. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the first lower frame end and the second lower frame end each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is attached to the at least one UV lamp socket. 
     13. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end are connected by a plurality of rods. 
     14. The portable UV device according to embodiment 13, wherein the upper frame further comprises at least one cross connector and wherein the plurality of rods penetrates the at least one cross connector. 
     15. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, further comprising a UV sensor attached to either the lower frame or the upper frame. 
     16. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six first germicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten first germicidal UV light sources, and wherein members of the plurality of first germicidal UV light sources are the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 
     17. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of second germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three second germicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light sources, five second germicidal UV light sources, six second germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV light sources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine second germicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light sources, and wherein members of the plurality of second germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 
     18. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV light sources connected to the lower frame and two second germicidal UV light sources connected to the upper frame and wherein the two first germicidal UV light sources and the two second germicidal UV light sources are the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 
     19. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the first lamp and the second lamp are independently selected from the group consisting of a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide lamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp. 
     20. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source or the at least one second germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light source. 
     21. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the portable UV device is connected to a control box. 
     22. The portable UV device according to embodiment 21, wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device or relaying a response from the portable UV device. 
     23. The portable UV device according to embodiment 22, wherein the one or more functionalities of the portable UV device controlled by or relayed by the circuit board is selected from the group consisting of: 
     communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; 
     controlling a movement of the germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment; 
     controlling a positioning of the germicidal UV light source within the container, the room or the defined environment; 
     controlling activation and deactivation of the germicidal UV light source; 
     relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to the container, the room or the defined environment; 
     uploading and relaying information from the radiofrequency identifier; 
     generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle; 
     generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; 
     generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle; 
     emailing, phoning or texting the report on time of a sanitization cycle; 
     emailing, phoning or texting the report on duration of a sanitization cycle; 
     emailing, phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle; 
     emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete; 
     emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source requires replacement; logging date, time and individual who used the portable UV device; and 
     logging information of a container, a room, or a defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or has been used. 
     24. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 21 to 23, wherein the control box comprises a touchscreen interface adapted to provide an input for a functionality selected from the group consisting of: 
     activating the portable UV device; 
     deactivating the portable UV device; 
     providing time input for completing a UV sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment; 
     providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the room, or the defined environment; 
     setting a desired UV intensity level; 
     adjusting a UV intensity level; and 
     logging in a code for a user. 
     25. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the control box comprises an emergency shutdown button, an on/off switch, a status indicator light or an alarm light. 
     26. A system comprising (i) a portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1-25; and (ii) a container, a room, a space or a defined environment. 
     27. The system according to embodiment 26, wherein the container is selected from the group consisting of: 
     a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; 
     a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; 
     a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and 
     a container for a biological fluid. 
     28. The system according to embodiment 26, wherein the container, room, space or defined environment comprises an interior surface comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric. 
     29. A system comprising a portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 25; and a control box, wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device. 
     30. The system according to embodiment 29, further comprising a case, in which the portable UV device, when not in use, resides, preferably, the case is attached to the control box. 
     31. The system according to embodiment 30, further comprising a transportation rack adapted to accommodate the control box and case for transportation. 
     32. A method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface of a defined environment, the method comprising the steps of: 
     movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a container, through an opening of a room or through an opening of a defined environment the at least one first germicidal UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light source of a portable UV device according to embodiments 1 to 25; and 
     activating the at least one first germicidal UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light source; 
     whereby the interior surface of the container, the interior surface of the room or the interior surface of the defined environment is sterilized. 
     33. The method according to embodiment 32, wherein the container is selected from the group consisting of: 
     a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; 
     a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; 
     a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and 
     a container for a biological fluid. 
     34. A method for manufacturing a portable UV device according to embodiments 1-25, the method comprising the steps of: 
     attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source to a lower frame; 
     attaching at least one second germicidal UV light source to an upper frame; and 
     attaching a first hinge to the lower frame and to the upper frame thereby connecting the lower frame to the upper frame so that the upper frame can move in a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame. 
     35. The method according to embodiment 34, further comprising the step of: 
     attaching a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention above a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In the UV device shown, a singular mobile cylindrical UV lamp is retracted in a housing  2 , here a protective sleeve. A motorized unit  1  is mounted on top of the protective sleeve. The housing  2  is attached to a mounting bracket  3 . 
         FIG. 2  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention above a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In this embodiment, the UV lamp  5  is being lowered from within a housing  2 , here a protective sleeve. The UV lamp  5  can be suspended above the container  4  via a mounting bracket  3 . The UV lamp  5  can be raised and lowered by a motorized unit  1  mounted on top of the housing  2 . 
         FIG. 3  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention placed on a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In this embodiment, the UV lamp  5  is being lowered into the interior of the container  4 . The UV device is supported by a mounting bracket  3 . The UV lamp is being lowered from a housing  2 , here a protective sleeve, by a motorized unit  1  mounted on top of the housing  2 . 
         FIG. 4  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention comprising four UV lamps  5  mounted on a frame  6 , which can be attached to a motorized unit  1  by a rigid rod or flexible cable  7 . In this embodiment, four UV lamps were chosen as an example to demonstrate that the use of more than one UV lamp  5  in various un-clustered positions is encompassed by the present invention. In this embodiment, the UV lamps  5  are being lowered into the interior of the container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The UV device is supported by a mounting bracket  3 . The cable or rigid rod  7  supporting the frame  6  is lowered from within a housing  2 , here a protective sleeve, by a motorized unit  1  mounted on top of the housing  2 . 
         FIG. 5  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration of UV lamps  5 . In this embodiment, eight UV lamps  5  are mounted on an octagonal bracket  9 , which can be attached to a motorized unit  1  by a rigid rod or flexible cable  7 . In this figure, the UV lamps  5  are being lowered into the interior of the container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The UV device is supported by a mounting bracket  3 . The cable or rigid rod  7  attached to a connecting plate  6  is lowered from within a housing  2 , here a protective sleeve, by a motorized unit  1  mounted on top of the housing  2 . An additional UV lamp  8  may optionally be placed at the bottom of the connecting plate  6 . The UV lamp  8  will be attached to a position on the connecting plate  6  such that the lower surface of the container  4  will receive sufficient UV radiation to kill or inhibit the growth of all desired microorganisms by the end of the sterilization cycle. In another embodiment, a reflective lid is positioned horizontally between the octagonal bracket  9  and the UV lamp  8  may be fixed to the surface of the octagonal bracket  9  to increase the intensity of UV light directed at the lower surface and pointing downwards to ensure the bottom surface of the container  4  is exposed to sufficient UV radiation. 
         FIG. 6  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration of UV lamps  5 . The UV device is supported by a folding base plate  10 , which is attached to a central post  16  having a track  25 . The device is inserted through the top opening of a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The intensity of the UV radiation is monitored by a UV detector  11 , which optionally is attached to an adjustable bracket  15  allowing the detector  11  to be placed as close to the inner surface of the container  4  as possible. The UV lamps  5  are optionally covered in this configuration by an acrylic covering that does not absorb UV-C light. The lamps  5  are supported by a housing  2 , which as shown in  FIG. 7  may fold open. The position and angle of the lamps  5  may be adjusted as depicted in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 7  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration of UV lamps  5 . The UV device is supported by a folding base plate  10 . The UV device is inserted through the top opening of a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The UV lamps  5  are held in housings  2 , which fold open. The housings  2  are attached to a central sleeve  12  via connecting rods  13 . The position of the central sleeve  12  may be adjusted to adjust the angle that the UV lamps  5  protrude from the central axis. In this embodiment, the central sleeve  12  is mounted in turn on another centrally mounted motorized sleeve  14 , which can move the entire UV device up and down within the container  4 . The intensity of the UV radiation is monitored by a UV detector  11 , which is attached to an adjustable bracket  15  allowing the detector  11  to be placed as close to the inner surface of the container as possible. The angling of the lamps  5  also ensures the base of the container is irradiated with UV. 
         FIG. 8  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration of UV lamps  5 . In this embodiment, four UV lamps  5  mounted in housings  2  are mounted to a central sleeve  12 , which can be moved up and down within the container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel, on a central post  16 , via a motorized unit  1  attached to the central sleeve  12 . The lamp housings  2  are affixed to two parallelogramming arms (not shown in this Figure, shown in  FIG. 9 ), which can move in a circular motion and adjust the position of the UV lamps  5  and their proximity to the inner surface of container  4  of varying diameter. 
         FIG. 9  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different position of UV lamps  5  (same as  FIG. 8 , but with UV lamps  5  extended). In this embodiment, four UV lamps  5  mounted in housings  2  are mounted to a central sleeve  12 , which can be moved up and down within the container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel on a central post  16 , via a motorized unit  1  attached to the central sleeve  12 . The lamp housings  2  are affixed to two parallelogramming arms  17 , which can move in a circular motion and adjust the position of the UV lamps  5  and their proximity to the inner surface of containers  4  of varying diameter. In this figure the parallelogramming arms  17  are shown fully extended. Arms  17  may also not be fully extended, i.e., form they an angle between 0 and 90 degrees and be positioned within the closed position (shown in  FIG. 8 ) and the open position (shown in  FIG. 9 ). 
         FIG. 10  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration using a pulsed UV lamp  5 . In this embodiment, the pulsed UV lamp  5  is shown within a housing  2 , which contains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to maintain the lamp temperature within an optimal range. The entire UV device is supported by a bracket  3 , mounted on top of the container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The assembly holding the UV lamp  5  is attached via an arm  18 , with a track  19 , that allows the position of the UV light to be adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit  1 . The positioning of the UV pulsed lamp  5  can be optimized by a range-finding device  20  (also referred to as a guide) mounted at position  22 . The motorized unit  1  can also move up and down a central sleeve  12 , adjusting the position vertically. Central sleeve  12  also moves up and down on central post  16 , and can telescope up covering central post  16  in order to decrease the overall size of the device facilitating transport. Motor unit  23  mounted at the top of the central post  16  spins the central post  16  enabling the pulsed UV lamp  5  to irradiate the entire surface of the container  4  (by moving vertically and rotating). Adjusting bracket  24  can adjust the position of the pulsed UV lamp  5  from vertical to horizontal (shown in  FIG. 11 ) by moving along a track  19  at the bottom of arm  18 . 
         FIG. 11  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different position using a pulsed UV lamp  5  (same as embodiment as  FIG. 10 , but with UV lamps  5  in horizontal position). In this embodiment, the pulsed UV lamp  5  is shown within a housing  2 , which contains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to maintain the lamp temperature within an optimal range. The UV device is supported by a bracket  3  placed or mounted on top of a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The assembly holding the UV lamp  5  is attached via an arm  18 , with a track  19 , that allows the position of the UV light to be adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit  1 . The positioning of the UV pulsed lamp  5  can be optimized by range-finding device  20  mounted at position  22 . The motorized unit  1  can also move up and down a central sleeve  12  adjusting the position vertically. Central sleeve  12  also moves up and down on central post  16  and can telescope up covering central post  16  in order to decrease the overall size of the device facilitating transport. Motor unit  23  mounted at the top of the central post  16  spins the central post  16  enabling the pulsed UV lamp  5  to irradiate the entire surface of the container  4  (by moving vertically and rotating). Adjusting bracket  24  (hidden) can adjust the position of the pulsed UV lamp  5  from vertical to horizontal (shown in  FIG. 12 ) by moving along a track  19  at the bottom of arm  18 . In the embodiment shown, the UV lamp  5  is held horizontally allowing the bottom surface of the vessel to be irradiated with pulsed UV light. 
         FIG. 12  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration using four clustered UV lamps  5 . In this embodiment, the UV lamps  5  are mounted to a housing  2  (the housing may or may not have reflectors of various cross sections e.g. parabolic, elliptical, or circular). The UV device is supported to the top of a container (not shown) by a four-armed bracket  3 . The clustered UV lamps  5  can move up and down a central post  16  along a track  25 . This is accomplished by a motorized unit (not shown here) located between the clustered UV lamps  5  in position  26 . The bracket  3  can be used to attach the UV device to a container. Alternatively, the bracket  3  can also function as a base plate or stand similar to base plate  10  as shown, e.g., in  FIG. 7  In such configuration, the UV device may be positioned on a surface of a container, e.g., on an interior bottom surface of a container (e.g., see  FIG. 7 ) or on an upper exterior surface of a container (e.g., see  FIGS. 25, 29 ). 
         FIG. 13  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration using two sets of four clustered UV lamps  5 . In this embodiment, the UV lamps  5  are mounted to a housing  2  (the housing may or may not have reflectors of various cross sections e.g., parabolic, elliptical, or circular). This embodiment is preferred for use within a horizontal container. The UV device is supported to the top of a container (not shown) by a horizontal stand  28 . The clustered UV lamps  5  can move horizontally along a central post  16  along a track  25 . This is accomplished by a motorized unit located between the clustered lamps in position  26 . The central post  16  is telescoping allowing one half to slide into the other at position  27 . This allows the length of the UV device to be adjusted to the length of the container. Two clusters of UV lamps  5  are shown to demonstrate that more than one cluster of UV lamps  5  can be used. 
         FIG. 14  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration of UV lamps  5 . In this embodiment, the UV lamps  5  are mounted on a lid  29 , such as a hinged lid  30 , to a container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. A removable bracket  31  providing support for a system comprising one or more UV detectors  11  is mounted along the inner surface of the container  4 . These UV detectors  11  ensure sufficient intensity of UV radiation required to kill or inhibit growth of unwanted microorganisms has reached all interior surfaces of the container  4 . In this embodiment, the UV lamps  5  are mounted to frame  6  and lowered via a cable  7  (not shown, shown in  FIG. 15 ) attached to a motorized unit  1 . A reflector  32  may optionally be mounted to the lower surface of the lid  29 . 
         FIG. 15  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different position of UV lamps  5  (same embodiment as  FIG. 14  but now with the frame  6  and UV lamps  5  lowered). A removable bracket  31  (not shown here, shown in  FIG. 14 ) providing support for a system comprising one or more UV detectors  11  (shown in  FIG. 14 ) is mounted along the inner surface of the container  4 . These UV detectors  11  ensure sufficient intensity of UV radiation required to kill or inhibit growth of unwanted microorganisms has reached all surfaces of the container  4 . In this embodiment, the UV lamp assembly is guided down the container  4  by nylon blocks  33  attached to frame  6 . The lowering of the UV lamp assembly occurs via a motorized unit  1 , to which the UV lamp assembly is attached via a cable  7 . The lowering of the UV lamp assembly is optional. It can remain at the top of the vessel situated just below the lid  29 . In some embodiments, the motorized unit moves the UV lamp assembly in a circular manner. 
         FIG. 16  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention showing a different configuration of a pulsed UV lamp  5 . The pulsed UV lamp  5  is shown within a housing  2 , which contains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to maintain the lamp temperature within an optimal range. The assembly holding the UV lamp  5  (e.g., a pulsed UV lamp) attached via an arm  18  with a track  19  that allows the position of the UV lamp  5  to be adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit  1 . The motorized unit  1  can also move up and down a central sleeve  12  adjusting the position vertically. Central sleeve  12  also moves up and down on central post  16  that can be a permanent integral component of the container  4 , here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. Motor unit  23  mounted at the top of the central sleeve  12  spins the central sleeve  12  enabling the pulsed UV lamp  5  to irradiate the entire surface of the container (by moving vertically and rotating). The assembly holding the UV lamp  5  is attached via an arm  18  with a track  19  that allows the position of the UV lamp  5  to be adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit  1 . A post or boss  34  at position  35  further enhances the stability of central post  16  once the UV device is mounted and lid  29  is closed. 
         FIG. 17  provides a variety of commercially available UV lamps of different length, shape, and type useful in the present invention (American Air &amp; Water Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA). For each UV lamp, the UV-C output is provided in watts and the UV intensity is provided in UV W/cm 2  at 1 m. Length as indicated reflects nominal length with standard lamp holders adding 2″ overall length. Additional lamp lengths and types are available. *, Ozone is negligible unless noted as OZ for high or VH for very high ozone production. 
         FIGS. 18A-D  schematically depict cross sections of four commercially available reflectors (Hill Technical Sales Corp.) for use in the present invention. The upper two cross sections of the reflectors shown in  FIG. 18A  and  FIG. 18B  are elliptical and provide a line source of UV light. One focal point of the ellipse is located at the center of the UV lamp the other focal point is positioned approximately 1.75″ or 3.5″ (depending on reflector used) from the bottom edge of the reflector to the surface being irradiated. The lower two cross sections of the reflectors shown in  FIG. 18C  and  FIG. 18D  are parabolic and provide a collimated UV radiation source. The reflectors bottom edge preferably are located 4 to 5 inches from the surface being irradiated. 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention referred to herein as linear actuator or scissor boom wherein the central post  16  is a scissor boom. Two configurations are shown:  FIG. 19A , scissor boom folded;  FIG. 19B , scissor boom extended. A UV lamp cluster housing  36  is attached to the outer end of the scissor boom. The UV lamp cluster housing houses a cluster of UV lamps (not shown in Figure). A linear actuator  37  pushes a scissor mechanism  38  up and down a first slide rail  39  located at the inner end (first end) of the scissor boom and allows the length of the scissor boom to be varied according to the diameter of the container into which it is inserted and/or mounted to. A second sliding rail  40 , located at the outer end (second end) of the scissor boom allows the scissor boom to expand and contract in length. Once in place, the UV lamp cluster (not shown in Figure) is dropped from its UV lamp cluster housing  36  and lowered down the central axis of the container. Arrows indicate pivot points. A sensor, e.g., a range-finding device ( 20 , not shown in Figure) may also be attached to the second end of the scissor boom and will determine the length to which the scissor boom expands. 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention referred to herein as bulb cluster assembly wherein the central post  16  is a central bar.  FIG. 20A , closed configuration;  FIG. 20B , open configuration. In this embodiment, the bulb cluster assembly is shown without a protective housing. In other embodiments, the UV lamps  5  are in a protective housing when not in use. Three UV lamps  5  are attached via pins  41  to an upper plate  42 . When dropped out of a protective housing (not shown), a spring  43  on each UV lamp (only shown for one UV lamp in Figure) forces the UV lamps out to a 15 degree angle. A central bar  44  attaches to a lower plate  45  to the upper plate  42 . As the cluster is retracted back into the protective cover, the UV lamps are forced back into a vertical position and are held in place by the lower plate  45 . 
         FIGS. 21-25  consisting of subparts A-G as indicted below, schematically depict several views of an exemplary embodiment of a UV device of the present invention comprising a telescopic arm as a means for moving a UV light source, here shown as a UV lamp cluster, into a desired or predetermined position. The UV device is shown schematically in various configurations: in its folded position ( FIGS. 21A-G ), in its load position ( FIGS. 22A-G ), in its payout position ( FIGS. 23A-G ), in its horizontal position ( FIGS. 24A-G ), and in its UV lamp down position ( FIGS. 25A-C ). Individual parts of this UV device are shown in detail in some of  FIGS. 21-25 , however, because of providing different overall views of this UV device, not all details or individual parts will be apparent in each of  FIGS. 21-25 . 
         FIG. 21A  schematically depicts a top view of the UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. UV lamps  5  are clustered in a UV lamp cluster and are within a housing  2 , here a UV mesh cage, which allows UV light to pass through. The UV lamps  5  are attached to a frame  6  and an upper plate  42 . The upper plate  42  is connected to a UV lamp pivot arm  49  allowing the UV lamp cluster to be positioned in a desired position. The UV lamp pivot arm  49  is attached to a UV lamp stop block  50 . A mounting bracket  3 , also referred to as hanger, is used to attach the UV device to a container (not shown). The mounting bracket  3  is attached to a pulley mount arm  51 , to which also other parts of the UV device can be attached, such as the motorized unit  1  (also referred to as motor) and a winch  48 . The mounting bracket (hanger)  3  comprises one or more hanger support bars  52 , a clamp post  53  and a tightening screw  78  for firmly attaching the UV device to a container. A motorized unit  1  (also referred to as motor) is connected to a reel assembly  54 , which is mounted to the pulley mount arm  51 . A motorized unit  1  or gravity extends the telescoping arm  46  consisting of multiple telescoping units  47  shown here as slided into each other, from the folded and load position ( FIGS. 22A-G ) into the payout position ( FIGS. 23A-G ). As shown schematically in this embodiment, the motor  1  is connected to a reel assembly  54  (shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 21  E-G). The motor  1  connects to the reel assembly  54  via a reel assembly motor unit  55  and a motor coupler  56 . As shown in this embodiment, the reel assembly  54  comprises a reel assembly idler post  57  for mounting the reel assembly  54  to the pulley mount bar  51 , a reel assembly top plate  58 , one or more reel assembly flanges  59 , a reel assembly hub  60 , and a reel assembly drive post  61 . A winch  48  mounted on the pulley mount arm  51  moves the telescoping arm  46  and the telescoping units  47  from a payout position ( FIGS. 23A-G ) into a horizontal position ( FIGS. 24A-G ). As shown in this embodiment, the winch  48  comprises a winch pulley guide  62 , a winch guide pulley shaft  63 , a winch shaft  64 , a winch hub  65 , a winch top plate  66 , one or more winch flanges  67 , a winch ratchet retainer  68 , a pawl  69 , and a crank or handle  70 . The outer telescoping unit  47  of the telescopic arm  46  is attached to the bottom part of the pulley mount arm  51  by one or more cross member support bars  71  and a cross bar stop plate  72 . One end of the outer telescopic unit  47  is connected to a telescopic arm pivot  73  allowing the telescoping arm to be moved from the loaded ( FIGS. 22A-G ) or payout position ( FIGS. 23A-G ) into a horizontal position ( FIGS. 24A-G ) and back into the loaded or payout position. 
         FIG. 21B  schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIG. 21A . A lifting eye  74  having a lifting eye base  75  and a lifting eye side support  76  (better shown e.g., in  FIGS. 21E , F) is attached to the outer telescoping unit  47  and to the pulley mount arm  51 . 
         FIG. 21C  schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A , B. 
         FIG. 21D  schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-C  A cable  7  functions as a lamp holder and for vertically extending the position of the UV light source (here a UV lamp cluster) towards the bottom of a container (not shown). The cable  7  attaches the UV light source through the inner telescoping unit  47  to the reel assembly  54 . 
         FIG. 21E  schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-D . 
         FIG. 21F  schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-E . 
         FIG. 21G  schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 22A  schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . A manhole or port  77  provides for access to the container from the top of the container and allows, e.g., for pressure washing devices to be attached and for attaching of a UV device of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22B  schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 22C  schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 22D  schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 22E  schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 22F  schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 22G  schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23A  schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23B  schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23C  schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23D  schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23E  schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23F  schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 23G  schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24A  schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24B  schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24C  schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24D  schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24E  schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24F  schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 24G  schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 25A  schematically depicts a top view of a UV device attached to a container  4  and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down position.  FIG. 25B  shows a schematic side view of a UV device attached to the container  4  and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down position.  FIG. 25C  shows a schematic isometric view of a UV device attached to a container  4  and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down position. Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in  FIGS. 21A-F . 
         FIG. 26  consists of  FIG. 26A ,  FIG. 26B ,  FIG. 26C  and  FIG. 26D  arranged as shown and schematically depicts an exemplary circuit board used in an embodiment of the present invention. The circuit board, which provides for several functionalities, can be attached to a UV device and, e.g. communicates with an RFID chip that can be mounted to an interior wall of the container. Once information is retrieved from the RFID chip, the circuit board will control movement, the length of which the telescopic arm descends (i.e., the length to which the telescoping units  47  move the UV light source into a vertical downwards position) and the rate of descent based on tank dimensions stored in the RFID chip. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the exemplary circuit board shown, comprises a TI module (part number shown) and a serial port. Also shown on the board are relays to control a motor and the positioning of the UV light source. In some embodiments is also a 5 VDC regulator to power the electronics. In the exemplary circuit board shown, the RFID tag part number is also shown. Other functionalities of a circuit board are described herein. 
         FIGS. 27A through 27G  schematically depict a UV device mountable to the ceiling or wall of a room. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the UV device can also be mounted to a ceiling of an appropriately sized container. In this particular embodiment, UV lamps are arranged in UV lamp clusters. More specifically, five UV lamp clusters are shown, one stationary UV lamp cluster and four retrievable UV lamp clusters each comprising three UV lamps  5 . The UV device shown may be referred to as UV light box. In the embodiment shown, the UV device comprises (i) UV lamps,  5 , (ii) a light box,  79 , comprising a back wall,  80 , (iii) a hinge or UV lamp module swing,  81 , (iv) a UV lamp holder, and (v) a UV lamp head connector,  83 , for connecting the UV lamps.  FIG. 27A  shows a perspective view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position.  FIG. 27B  shows a bottom view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in a closed position.  FIG. 27C  shows a back view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position.  FIG. 27D  shows a side view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position.  FIG. 27E  shows a top view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position.  FIG. 27F  shows a front view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position.  FIG. 27G  shows a bottom view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position. 
         FIGS. 28A through 28H  schematically depict details of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention. 
         FIG. 28A  schematically depicts a front view of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is retracted in a housing. Housing  2 , base plate  10 , central sleeve  12 , hanging hook  84 , on/off/reset button  85 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , translucent plastic ring  87 , metal disc  89 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , handle cap  92 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 , power supply access plate  97 , optical switch  98 . In this embodiment, the power supply access plate is attached to the central sleeve by six screws. 
         FIG. 28B  schematically depicts a top view of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is retracted in a housing. Base plate  10 , hanging hook  84 , on/off/reset button  85 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , power cord  90 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 . 
         FIG. 28C  schematically depicts a bottom view of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is retracted in a housing. Housing  2 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10 , central sleeve  12 , stopping plate  88 . 
         FIG. 28D  schematically depicts a front view of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is released from a housing. Housing  2 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10 , central sleeve  12 , hanging hook  84 , on/off/reset button  85 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , translucent plastic ring  87 , metal disc  89 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , handle cap  92 , UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 , power supply access plate  97 , optical switch  98 . In this embodiment, the power supply access plate is attached to the central sleeve by six screws. 
         FIG. 28E  schematically depicts a detail of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein a cover of a central sleeve (power supply access plate  97 ) is opened to show inner compartments of the central sleeve  12  harboring, among others, a circuit board  103  and a ballast/power supply  96 . Housing  2 , central sleeve  12 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , translucent plastic ring  87 , metal disc  89 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , handle cap  92 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 , power supply  96 , power supply access plate  97 , optical switch  98 , circuit board cavity  99 , power supply cavity  100 , AC to DC power converter  101 , electronic component  102 , circuit board (micro controller)  103 , connector and wires (to e.g., LED, optical switch, acoustic speaker)  104 , connector and wires to UV light source (e.g., UV lamp  5 )  105 , connector and wires to power supply  106 . 
         FIG. 28F  schematically depicts an upper side view of a detail of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is retracted in a housing. Housing  2 , base plate  10 , central sleeve  12 , hanging hook  84 , on/off/reset button  85 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , metal disc  89 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , handle cap  92 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 . 
         FIG. 28G  schematically depicts a side view of an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is released from a housing. Housing  2 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10 , central sleeve  12 , UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 . 
         FIG. 28H  schematically depicts a UV light source, here a longitudinal UV light bulb. UV lamp  5 , pins for UV lamp  93 . 
         FIG. 29A  schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention positioned on top of a container  4  having a lid  29 , wherein the central sleeve  12  of the UV device shown in  FIGS. 28A , D-G has been moved downwardly through an opening in the lid  29  into the container  4 . Housing  2 , container  4 , base plate  10 , lid  29 , hanging hook  84 , on/off/reset button  85 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , translucent plastic ring  87 , metal disc  89 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , handle cap  92 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 , container support stand  115 . 
         FIG. 29B  schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention positioned on top of a container  4  having a lid  29 , wherein the central sleeve  12  of the UV device shown in  FIGS. 28A , D-G has been moved downwardly through an opening in the lid  29  into the container  4  and wherein the UV light source has been released from the housing  2 . Housing  2 , container  4 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10 , lid  29 , hanging hook  84 , on/off/reset button  85 , central sleeve tightening knob  86 , translucent plastic ring  87 , metal disc  89 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , handle cap  92 , metal sleeve attachment ring  95 , container support stand  115 . 
         FIG. 30  schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention attached to the top of a container and wherein the UV light source has been inserted through an opening of the container  4  downwardly into the container  4 . The UV device shown here comprises a plurality of UV lamps  5  arranged in a UV lamp cluster. Housing  2 , container  4 , UV lamp(s)  5 , manhole or port  77 , power cord  90 , anchor  107 , anchor line  108 , anchor connector  109 , angled top of container  110 , UV lamp cluster line  111 . 
         FIGS. 31A and 31B  schematically depict the insertion of a UV light source into a container  4  by inserting the UV light source through an opening at the side of the container  4 . In  FIG. 31A , the UV lamp  5  is shown in the housing  2 . In  FIG. 31B  the UV lamp  5  is released from the housing  2 , The housing  2  slides back on a central sleeve  12 . While the UV light source is inserted through an opening at a side of a container, the container itself may be positioned to reside on its side so that the UV light source can be moved inwardly into the container from a bottom position. In such configuration, as shown in  FIGS. 31A and 31B , the movement of the UV light source within the container is upwardly. Alternatively, a container having an opening on a side wall, may be positioned so that the opening resides on top of the container and the UV light source is inserted into the container and moves downwardly into the container. Housing  2 , container  4 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10  (here a tripod-like support stand), central sleeve  12 , lid  29 . 
         FIG. 32  schematically depicts a UV light source positioned at the bottom of a container  4 . The UV light source has been inserted into the container  4  through an opening at the side of the container. Housing  2 , container  4 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10  (here a tripod-like support stand), central sleeve  12 , lid  29 , manhole or port  77 . In this embodiment, the UV light source comprises a plurality of UV lamps  5  arranged in a UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments, the central sleeve  12  can be extended to permit an upwardly extension and an upwardly positioning of the UV lamps  5 . 
         FIG. 33  schematically depicts a UV light source attached to a movable object having wheels. Housing  2 , container  4 , UV lamp  5 , base plate  10  (here a simple support stand), central sleeve  12 , lid  29 , manhole or port  77 , movable object  112 , horizontal arm  113 , wheels  114 , support stand for container  115 . In this embodiment, the UV light source comprises a plurality of UV lamps  5  arranged in a UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments, the central sleeve  12  can be extended to permit an upwardly extension and an upwardly positioning of the UV lamps  5 . 
         FIG. 34A  schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein a UV light source is released from a housing  2  via a motorized unit  1  and by gravity. Shown to the right is an enlargement of the interface  117  showing buttons for activating (Start) and deactivating (Stop) the UV device. An optional timer shows the time remaining for completing a sterilization cycle. Motorized unit  1 , housing  2 , UV lamp  5 , power cord  90 , handle  91 , UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 , twist lock  116 , interface  117 , pivot point  118  on housing  2 . 
         FIGS. 34B and 34C  schematically depict an attachment of the UV device of  FIG. 34A  at the top of a closed container  4  and the insertion of the central sleeve  12 , housing  2  and UV lamp  5  into the container  4 . Housing  2 , container  4 , UV lamp  5 , power cord  90 , container support stand  115 .  FIG. 34B , upper, schematically depicts a top view of a 15 feet (15′) container showing a manhole or port  77  through which the UV device can be inserted. Lines  119  radiating from the manhole or port  77  are steel support structures on top of the container.  FIG. 34B , lower, shows the housing  2  being extended into a 90 degree angle position with respect to the central sleeve  12   FIG. 34C , upper, schematically depicts a top view of a 20 feet (20′) container showing a manhole or port  77  through which the UV device can be inserted. Lines  119  radiating from the manhole or port  77  are steel support structures on top of the container.  FIG. 34C , lower, shows the lowering of the UV lamp  5  downwardly into the container  4 . The distance of lowering the UV lamp  5  towards the bottom of the container (inwardly and downwardly movement) can be calculated to stop short of the bottom of the shortest container and will be sufficient for the tallest container as long as the distance to the bottom of the container is smaller than the distance to the furthest wall of the container ( FIG. 34B ). In a taller wider container, the UV light irradiation might stop short of reaching an outer wall, but still sufficient to illuminate the bottom of the container more than the walls ( FIG. 34C ). The UV device can be configured so that the UV light source (UV lamp  5 ) can be centered within the container. 
         FIGS. 35A and 35B  schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention.  FIG. 35A  depicts a UV light source completely retracted into the central sleeve  12  of a UV device standing in an upright position on its base plate  10 . Motorized unit  1 , central sleeve  12 , handle  91 , interface  117 . An enlargement of the interface  117  showing buttons for up and down movement of the UV lamp and a timer is shown in the upper left part of  FIG. 35A . 
         FIG. 35B  schematically depicts the release of the housing  2  and UV lamp  5  from the central sleeve  12  by gravity and a motorized unit  1 . Attached to the socket  94  into which the UV lamp  5  is inserted is a guide or range finding device  20  (here schematically a laser depth guide). The broken arrow indicates that the housing  2  can be positioned in an angle ranging from about 0 degree to about 90 degrees with respect to the central sleeve  12 . Housing  2 , UV lamp  5 , central sleeve  12 , guide or range-finding device  20 , UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 , pivot point  118  within housing  2 . 
         FIGS. 36A-D  schematically depict a circuit board used in an embodiment of the present invention, UV device UV55. This circuit board includes an optical sensor which begins a timer once the unit is inserted into a drum or container. It also controls a small speaker that emits an audible beep once the cycle has begun and upon completion. It further controls a series of small LED lights that signify at what time point of the cycle the UV55 is in and form a rotating pattern once at the 12 minutes have elapsed. This indicates completion of the cycle for the largest container (550 gallon portable tank) the UV55 was intended for. The LED bulbs blinks once intermittently during the first minute, twice intermittently in the second minute, three times intermittently in the third minute and so on until the twelfth minute. 
         FIGS. 37A  (side view),  37 B and  37 C (both bottom views) schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention wherein UV lamps  5  are arranged in a UV lamp cluster and wherein each UV lamp  5  is surrounded by a reflector  32 .  FIG. 37B  schematically depicts an embodiment wherein the reflectors  32  form a contiguous surrounding attached to a central sleeve  12 .  FIG. 37C  schematically depicts an embodiment wherein the reflectors  32  and UV lamps  5  are attached to the housing  2 . Reflectors  32  partially surround a UV lamp  5 . Housing  2 , UV lamp(s)  5 , central sleeve  12 , handle  91 , interface  117 , reflector(s)  32 . 
         FIGS. 38A  (first side view) and  38 B (second side view) schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM1. Motorized unit  1 , housing  2 ; mounting bracket  3 , UV lamp  5 ; frame  6 , having a first side and a second side; cable  7 ; spring  43 ; reel assembly  54 ; reel assembly flanges  59 ; cross member support bars(s)  71 ; handle  91 ; UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 ; first cable guide wheel  120 ; second cable guide wheel  121 ; openings  122  (within frame  6 ); first track  124  on first cable guiding wheel  120 ; cable tightening spring  123 . Details of UV device BM1 are described herein. 
         FIGS. 39A-C  schematically depict non-limiting dimensions of a UV device model of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM1. Parts are as shown for  FIGS. 38A and 38B , however, for clarity, not all parts of UV device Model BM1 are shown in  FIGS. 39A-C . In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UV device comprises an additional motor  133  driving its torque perpendicular to its axis. 
         FIGS. 40A-C  schematically depict the release of a UV light source from the housing of UV device Model BM1 and the descent of the UV light source downwardly into a container (not shown).  FIG. 40A  schematically depicts the UV lamp  5  slightly protruding out of the housing  2  and moving onto the first track  124  (not shown) of second cable guide wheel  121 .  FIG. 40B  schematically depicts the UV lamp  5  having moved completely across the first track  124  (not shown) of the second cable guide wheel  121  and being attached to a cable  7  via a UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 .  FIG. 40C  schematically depicts a further downwardly movement of the UV light source into a container (not shown). Housing  2 , mounting bracket  3 , UV lamp  5 , frame  6 , cable  7 , reel assembly  54 , handle  91 , UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 , second cable guide wheel  121 . Details of UV device BM1 are described herein. Not all parts are shown in figure. 
         FIG. 41  schematically depicts an attachment of UV device Model BM1 at an opening of a container and the movement of the UV light source from a vertical position into a downwardly position within the container. The container  4 , as depicted, has two openings  77 , one at the top and one at a bottom side. Housing  2 ; mounting bracket  3 , container  4 , UV lamp  5 ; frame  6 ; cable  7 ; reel assembly  54 ; handle  91 ; UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 ; second cable guide wheel  121 ; openings  122  (within frame  6 ). Details of UV device BM1 are described herein. Not all parts are shown in figure. 
         FIG. 42  schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 in its stowed position, i.e., wherein the UV light source is within its housing and the UV light source resides on top of the frame. UV device Model BM2 comprises a UV lamp cluster of eight (8) UV lamps  5 . Motorized unit  1 , housing  2 ; mounting bracket  3 , UV lamps  5 ; frame  6 , having a first side and a second side; cable  7 ; cross member support bars(s)  71 ; UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 ; openings  122  (within frame  6 ); box  127 ; first cable guide wheel  128  with first track  129 ; second cable guide wheel  130  with second track  131 . In this embodiment, cable  7  would insert directly into box  127  and connect with a motor and reel assembly. Optionally, UV device model BM2 comprises a third cable guide wheel  132 . The box  127  may harbor a power supply, a circuit board, a reel assembly, a motorized unit, a LED interface, and other components as described herein. Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are described herein. 
         FIG. 43  schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 in its docked position, i.e., the housing  2  and UV lamps  5  are moved into a first vertical position with respect to the frame  6  of the UV device. Parts are as described in  FIG. 42 . Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are described herein. 
         FIG. 44  schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 in its deployed position, i.e., the UV light source (UV lamps  5 ) is released from the housing  2  and has been moved from the first vertical position (see  FIG. 43 ) into a second vertical position. The second vertical position is further downwardly in the container  4  with respect to its first vertical position (see  FIG. 43 ). Parts are as described in  FIG. 42 . Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are described herein. 
         FIG. 45  schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 in its working position, i.e., the UV light source (here a UV lamp cluster of eight (8) UV lamps  5 ) is released from its attachment at the base plate. Springs  43 , UV lamp socket/adapters  94 . Other parts are as described in  FIG. 42 . Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are described herein. 
         FIGS. 46A-E  schematically depict various views of a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM3 in its deployed position.  FIG. 46A , top view;  FIG. 46B , right top view;  FIG. 46C , lower view;  FIG. 46D , front view;  FIG. 46E , side view. UV lamp(s)  5 , frame  6 , central post  16 , top plate  42 , handle  91 , wheels  114 , pivot  118 . 
         FIGS. 47A-C  schematically depict non-limiting dimensions of a UV device model of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM3. Parts are as shown for  FIGS. 46A-E , however, for clarity, not all parts of UV device Model BM3 are shown in  FIGS. 47A-C . 
         FIGS. 48A-D  schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM3 in its working operation.  FIG. 48A , the UV device Model BM3 is moved inwardly into a container  4  through an opening  77  at the bottom of the container  4 . In this position the UV light source (here a UV lamp cluster of eight (8) UV lamps  5 ) resides on top of frame  6 .  FIG. 48B , The UV light source is moved from its horizontal position (see  FIG. 48A ) into a first vertical position within the container  4  via a pivot arm  118 .  FIG. 48C  schematically depicts the UV lamps  5  at a deployed position, wherein the UV lamps  5  are positioned at an angle with respect to each other.  FIG. 48D  schematically depicts an optional feature of UV device Model BM3, wherein the central post  16  can be extended to move the UV light source from its first vertical position (see  FIGS. 48B and 48C ) upwardly to a second vertical position within the container  4 . Container  4 , UV lamp(s)  5 , frame  6 , central post  16 , top plate  42 , opening  77  of container  4 , handle  91 , wheels  114 , pivot  118 . Not all parts of UV device Model BM3 are shown in figure. Description of parts is as in  FIGS. 46A-E  and as described herein. 
         FIG. 49  schematically depicts a front view of a system of the present invention comprising a case  137 , a control box  127 , and a transportation rack  140 . Also shown are a touchscreen interface  135 , a an on/off switch  85 , a status indicator light/alarm light  136  an emergency shutdown button  134 , wheels  142  and handrails  138  attached to the control box  127 . Further shown are power cable  90  and cable  143  connecting the control box  127  with a portable UV device (residing in case  137 , however, not visible). Fastening brackets  139  are attached to the transportation rack  140 . Fastenings  141  hold the case  137  and control box  127  in place during transportation or when system is not in use. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 50  schematically depicts a rear view of a system of the present invention comprising a case  137  (a portable UV device residing therein, however, not visible), a control box  127 , and a transportation rack  140 . Parts and components are as in  FIG. 49 . 
         FIG. 51  schematically depicts a front view of a system of the present invention comprising a portable UV device (Model UVT-4)  144 , case  137 , and a control box  127 . Case  137  is open to show portable UV device  144 . Also shown is extension spring  165 , a second anchoring post  168  adapted to have a carrying handle at its end, and a UV sensor  154 . UV light sources  5  and housings  2  surrounding the UV light sources  5 . In this exemplary embodiment of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family of UV devices, the housing  2  is a see-through housing; thus, housing  2  and UV light source  5  are indicated in this and the following drawing, ( FIGS. 52-61 and 63-67 ) by  2 ,  5 . Other parts and components are as in  FIGS. 49 and 50 . Further details of UV device  144  are shown in the following drawings. 
         FIG. 52  schematically depicts a top rear view of a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. The following parts and components are indicated: housing  2  and UV light source/UV lamp  5  ( 2 , 5 ), mounting bracket  3 , rope or cable  7 , UV lamp sockets/adapters  94 , cable  143  connecting portable UV device with control box  127  (not visible), case  137 , lower frame  146 , first upper frame end  147 , first lower frame end  148 , bracket tightening knob  149 , first rope post  150 , second rope post  151 , second upper frame end  152 , second lower frame end  153 , UV sensor  154 , protective rods  155 , cross connector  156  on upper frame, upper frame fixture clip  157 , second hinge  174 , T-shaped cap  175 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 53  schematically depicts a side view of the top rear of a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51 and 52 . In addition, bulb clamps  176 , held in place by T-shaped cap  175 , are shown. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 54  schematically depicts a view of the top front of a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-53 . In addition, wheels  114 , first hinge  145 , stop posts  159 , cables  160  activating UV light sources/U lamps  5 , side plate spacer  161 , first side plate  162 , and second side plate  163  are shown. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 55  schematically depicts a top view of the front end of a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-54 . In addition, a cross connector  164 , connected to the lower frame  146 , is shown. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 56  schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an opening  77  of a container  4  into a container  4 . Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-55 . In addition, openings  166  within a cross connector  164  of the lower frame  146  are shown. Openings  166  through which not already a housing/UV light source  2 , 5  is guided through may accommodate an additional housing/UV light source. Also shown are fasteners  177  movably connecting the upper frame to the lower frame and adapted to permit “swinging” of the upper frame and UV light source(s) attached thereto into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame  146  and the UV light source(s) attached thereto. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 57  schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an opening  77  of a container  4  into a container  4 . Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-56 . The portable UV device has been further inserted through the opening  77  as compared to  FIG. 56 . In addition, a second hook  179  of the extension spring  165  and the position of a first anchoring post  167  for extension spring  165  where the first end  178  of the extension spring  165  is connected to cable  158  (further described herein) are shown. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 58  schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an opening  77  of a container  4  into a container  4 . The UV device is shown further inserted into the container as in  FIG. 57 . Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-57 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 59  schematically depicts temporarily attaching a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices at an opening  77  of a container  4 . The portable UV device has been further inserted through the opening  77  as compared to  FIG. 58 . Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-58 . Cable  143  connects the portable UV device with the control box  127  (not shown in figure) Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 60  schematically depicts moving the upper frame of a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 . Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-59 . In addition, a first cable guide wheel  128  for rope or cable  7 , and a rope or cable anchoring point  170  at the first upper frame end  147 , are shown. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 61  schematically depicts a member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices positioned on the bottom surface of a container  4 . The upper frame and the UV light sources attached thereto have moved from a horizontal position into a perpendicular/vertical position with respect to the lower frame  146  and the UV light sources attached to the lower frame  146 . Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-60 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 62  schematically depicts an extension tool for manually moving a portable UV device within a large container, large room, or large defined environment without a user having to crawl into or be in that large container, large room or large defined environment. The exemplary extension tool depicted comprises wheels  114 , a top plate  171 , a base plate  172  and an extension rod  173 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 63  schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. As shown, the extension tool is connected to the portable UV device through the mounting bracket  3  and bracket tightening know  149  fastens the mounting bracket  3  to the top plate  171  of the extension tool. Both the extension tool and the UV device are shown to be inserted movably and inwardly into a container  4  through opening  77  (on side wall of container). Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-62 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 64  schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Both the extension tool and the UV device are shown to be positioned on the bottom surface of a container  4  close to the opening  77  of the container  4 . A second hinge  174  movably connecting the lower frame  146  to the mounting bracket  3  is adapted to position the extension tool into an angular position with respect to the lower frame of the UV device. Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-63 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 65  schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Both the extension tool and the UV device are shown to be positioned on the bottom surface of a container  4 . The extension tool is used to manually move the portable UV device into a desired position within a container  4 , here into the middle part of the container  4 . A second hinge  174  is adapted to position the extension tool from an angular position with respect to the lower frame of the UV device shown in  FIG. 64  into a horizontal position (same as lower frame). Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-64 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 66  schematically depicts an upper frame (on top) and a lower frame (on bottom) of a UV device of the UVT-4 family of potable UV devices, with parts and components attached thereto or to be attached thereto. Parts and components are as in  FIGS. 51-65 , although some are shown with a different configuration. In addition, a T-shaped cap  175  is shown to keep bulb clamps  176  in place. With respect to the upper frame, the figure shows the position to which the first hinge  145  and cable  158  are attached. With respect to both upper and lower frame, the figure shows where fasteners  177  are used to movably connect the upper frame to the lower frame. This exemplary embodiment, in comparison to the ones shown in  FIGS. 51-61 and 63-65  shows only two protective rods  155  on the upper frame (vs. four) and smaller and differently configured cross connectors  156 . Also, carrying handle  91  and second anchoring post for extension spring  165 , have a different configuration. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that individual parts of a portable UV device described herein can be configured differently and still serve the function(s) as described herein. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 67  schematically depicts a close-up showing attachment of the first hinge  145  to the upper frame and the movably connection of the upper frame to the lower frame  146  by fasteners  177 . Cable  158  (not shown) is attached to the first hinge  145 , runs through a cable guide  180  on the first hinge  145  and is locked in position at a cable anchoring point  182 . Parts and components are as described in  FIGS. 51-66 . Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIGS. 68A, 68B, and 68C  schematically depict parts of an interior layout of an exemplary control box  127  for use in connection with a portable UV device. The following components of an exemplary layout are shown: L1: Input Line 1; L2: Input Line 2; F1: Fuse 1; F2: Fuse 2; 3KVA, 460 VAC, Primary: single phase transformer input; Secondary 230 VAC: single phase transformer output; Phase 1 red: color coded wire (red); Phase 2 blue: color coded wire (blue); E. STOP #1 NC Maintain: Emergency Stop (also Estop1); F3, F4, F5: 5 Amp fuses; Zcon: integrated control system for lamps from ZED; PLCO/0.0, PLC 0: 0/1, PLC 0: 0.2: Programmable logic controller output; 230 VAC to 24 VDC TONS: Power supply; PLC CMO: Programmable logic controller input; 24 VDC Transformer: Transformer; PLC power in: Programmable logic controller power input; Touch Screen power in: Touch Screen power input; PLC CM1, PLC CM2: Programmable logic controller input 1 and 2; 1, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17: lines input to lamps (Lamps A, B, C, and D); black, blue, brown, white: color coded wires going into “pig tail connector” (corresponding to cable  143  connecting the control box with the portable UV device), ballast cord wires; RS485: communication cable; 24 VDC+: lamp activation indicator/pigtail connection loop; Shielded cable 18 g: shielded cable 18 gauge wire; Ground #26: ground wire; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12: lines output to lamps; black, red, white, green: color coded wires. Details of individual parts and components are described herein. 
         FIG. 69A  depicts a data set for a comparative trial testing efficacies of steam, PAA, and UVC sanitizing methods on reduction of total microbial loads on interior surfaces of stainless steel tanks. The data set includes a description of all four sanitation treatment methods performed on interior of stainless steel tanks; the tank number; the sites sampled on each tank (ceiling, wall, and floor); the total microbial load (includes yeast, bacteria, and mold) determined prior to each treatment; the total microbial load determined after each treatment; the percent CFU reduction in microbe populations after application of sanitizer; and the Log 10  reduction in microbe populations after application of sanitizer. Details are described in Example 10. 
         FIG. 69B  schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing interior of tanks with steam, PAA, and UVC on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Treatment with caustic and PAA was performed twice: once in comparison to steam treatment and once in comparison to UVC treatment. Microbe survival is represented as Log 10  CFU. Details are described in Example 10. 
         FIG. 69C  depicts a data set showing the percent CFU reduction in microbes on ceiling, wall, and floor of stainless steel tanks after application of the various sanitizer methods as indicated. Details are described in Example 10. 
         FIG. 69D  depicts a data set showing the Log 10  reduction in microbes on ceiling, wall, and floor of stainless steel tanks after application of the various sanitizer methods as indicated. Details are described in Example 10. 
         FIG. 70A  depicts the complete data set for a comparative study testing the efficiency of chlorine dioxide (ozone) and UVC (UVT-4 Model) sanitizing methods as detailed in Example 11. The data set includes a description of all ten treatments performed on interior of stainless steel tanks, the tank number, the tank size, and the tank shape used for each treatment, the sites sampled on each tank (ceiling, wall, and floor), the total microbial load (includes yeast, bacteria, and mold) determined prior to each treatment, the total microbial load determined after each treatment, and the Log 10  reduction in microbe populations after application of sanitizer. 
         FIG. 70B  schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated short wide stainless steel tanks after cleaning and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks  63  and  64 ). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70C  depicts Log 10  reduction of microbe populations on short wide stainless steel tanks after application of cleaner and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70D  schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated tall thin stainless steel tanks after cleaning and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks  67  and  68 ). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70E  depicts Log 10  reduction of microbe populations on tall thin stainless steel tanks after application of cleaner and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70F  schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated short wide stainless steel tanks after water rinsing and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks  65  and  66 ). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70G  depicts Log 10  reduction of microbe populations on short wide stainless steel tanks after application of water rinse and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70H  schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated tall thin stainless steel tanks after water rinsing and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks  69  and  57 ). Details are described in Example 11. 
         FIG. 70I  depicts Log 10  reduction of microbe populations on tall thin stainless steel tanks after application of water rinse and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Details are described in Example 11. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     I. Definitions 
     Throughout the present specification and the accompanying claims the words “comprise” and “include” and variations thereof, such as “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and “including” are to be interpreted inclusively. That is, these words are intended to convey the possible inclusion of other elements or integers not specifically recited, where the context allows. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. 
     The terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. 
     Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” (or “approximate”) one particular value, and/or to “about” (or “approximate”) another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about” or “approximate” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as “about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10” is also disclosed. It is also understood that when a value is disclosed that is “less than or equal to the value” or “greater than or equal to the value” possible ranges between these values are also disclosed, as appropriately understood by the skilled artisan. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, the “less than or equal to 10” as well as “greater than or equal to 10” is also disclosed. 
     All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as” or “e.g.,” or “for example”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. 
     Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims. 
     The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims, which can be had by reference to the specification as a whole. Accordingly, the terms defined immediately below are more fully defined by reference to the specification in its entirety. 
     Illustrations are for the purpose of describing a preferred embodiment of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto. 
     The abbreviations used herein have their conventional meaning within the mechanical, chemical, and biological arts. 
     As used herein, the term “about” refers to a range of values of plus or minus 10% of a specified value. For example, the phrase “about 200” includes plus or minus 10% of 200, or from 180 to 220, unless clearly contradicted by context. 
     As used herein, the terms “amount effective” or “effective amount” mean an amount, which produces a desired effect, such as a biological effect. In particular, an effective amount of a UV dosage is an amount, which inhibits the growth of a microorganism by at least 90% (by at least 1 log reduction), by at least 99% (by at least 2 log reduction), by at least 99.9% (by at least 3 log reduction), by at least 99.99% (by at least 4 log reduction), by at least 99.999% (at least 5 log reduction), or by at least 99.9999% (at least 6 log reduction). 
     As used herein, the terms “connect to,” “connected to,” “attach to” or “attached to” or grammatical equivalents thereof mean to fasten on, to fasten together, to affix to, to mount to, mount on, to connect to, to join, to position onto, to position into, to place onto, or to place into. “Attachment” means the act of attaching or the condition of being attached. Attachment can be direct or indirectly. For example a part A may be attached directly to part B. Alternatively, part A may be attached indirectly to part B through first attaching part A to part C and then attaching part C to part B. More than one intermediary part can be used to attach part A to part B. Attaching can be permanent, temporarily, or for a prolonged time. For example, a UV device of the present invention may be attached to a container temporarily for the time necessary to perform a method of the invention. Alternatively, a UV device of the present invention may be attached to a container or to an object or structure in a room, a space or a defined environment for a prolonged time, e.g., also when a method of the present invention is not performed. Also, a UV device of the present invention may be attached permanently to a container or to an object or structure in a room, a space or a defined environment. 
     The terms “container,” “vessel,” or “tank” are used interchangeably herein. 
     As used herein, the terms “germicidal lamp” or “germicidal UV lamp” refer to a type of lamp, which produces ultraviolet (UV) light. Short-wave UV light disrupts DNA base pairing causing thymine-thymine dimers leading to death of bacteria and other microorganisms on exposed surfaces. 
     As used herein, the terms “inhibiting the growth of a microorganism,” “inhibiting the growth of a population of microorganisms,” “inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms” or grammatical equivalents thereof refer to inhibiting the replication of one or more microorganisms and may include destruction of the microorganism(s). Assays for determining inhibiting the growth of a microorganism are known in the art and are described herein. 
     As used herein, the terms “microorganism” or “microbe” comprise a diverse group of microscopic organisms, including, but not limited to, bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. 
     The terms “optional” or “optionally” as used throughout the specification means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. The terms also refer to a subsequently described composition that may but need not be present, and that the description includes instances where the composition is present and instances in which the composition is not present. 
     As used herein, the term “portable” in the context of a UV device refers to a UV device of the present invention that can be carried by a person and that can be temporarily (e.g., for the duration of a sanitization cycle) attached to a container, a room, a space, or a defined environment. 
     As used herein, the term “radiation” or grammatical equivalents refer to energy, which may be selectively applied, including energy having a wavelength of between 10 14  and 10 4  meters including, for example, electron beam radiation, gamma radiation, x-ray radiation, light such as ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, and infrared light, microwave radiation, and radio waves. A preferred radiation is UV light radiation. “Irradiation” refers to the application of radiation to a surface. 
     As used herein, the terms “sterile” or “sterilization” and grammatical equivalents thereof refer to an environment or an object, which is free or which is made free of detectable living cells, viable spores, viruses, and other microorganisms. Sometimes the process of sterilization is also referred herein to as “disinfection” or “sanitization.” 
     As used herein the term “ultraviolet” and the abbreviation “UV” refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than the wavelengths of visible light and longer than those of X-rays. The UV part of the light spectrum is situated beyond the visible spectrum at its violet end. 
     As used herein, the abbreviation “UV-A” refers to ultraviolet light in the range of 315-400 nanometers (nm). 
     As used herein, the abbreviation “UV-B” refers to ultraviolet light in the range of 280-315 nanometers (nm). 
     As used herein, the abbreviation “UV-C” refers to ultraviolet light in the range of 200-280 nanometers (nm). 
     As used herein, the term “UV dose” refers to an amount of UV irradiation absorbed by an exposed population of microbes, typically in units of mJ/cm 2  (mJ/cm 2 =1,000 μW/cm 2  per second). 
     As used herein, the terms “UV intensity” or “UV irradiance” refer to the irradiance field of a UV germicidal irradiation system (such as a UV light source described herein), i.e., the total radiant energy incident on a surface from all directions. It is measured in μW/cm 2  at 1 m. The UV intensity greatly depends on the distance from the UV emitter and the transmittance of the medium. 
     As used herein, the terms “ultraviolet radiation” or “UV radiation” refer to radiation having a wave-length or wavelengths between from 160 to 400 nm. If a range is specified, a narrower range of radiation is meant within the 160 to 400 nm range. The range specified, unless otherwise indicated, means radiation having a wavelength or wavelengths within this specified range. 
     In the following description it is to understood that terms such as “forward,” “rearward,” “front,” “back,” “right,” “left,” “upward,” “downward,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “angular,” “first,” “second” and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms. 
     The present invention generally relates to compositions, systems and methods for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization, and more specifically, to compositions, systems and methods for UV sterilization of a container, and more particularly to compositions, systems and methods for UV sterilization of a container used in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. A system as described herein comprises a UV device and a container. 
     II. UV Devices 
     The present invention describes a variety of UV devices, in particular, portable UV devices. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 1, 2 or 3 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 4 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 5 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 4 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 6 or 7 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 8 or 9 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 10 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 11 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 12 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 13 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 14 or 15 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 16 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 19 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 20 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIGS. 21-25 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 27 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 28 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 29 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 30 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 31 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 32 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 33 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 34 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 35 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 37 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIGS. 38A and 38B . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIGS. 39A-C . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIGS. 40A-C . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 42 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 43 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 44 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 45 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIGS. 46A-E . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 47A-C . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIGS. 51-61, 63, and 65 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 66 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in  FIG. 67 . UV devices depicted in  FIGS. 1-16, 19-25, 27-35, 37-48, 51-61, 63, and 65-67  are portable UV devices. 
     UV light sources of the present invention are adapted to include pulsed UV light sources and continuous wavelength mode UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is a pulsed UV light source. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is a continuous wavelength mode UV light source. 
     A UV device comprises a UV light source, also referred to as UV lamp. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source comprises a lamp selected from the group consisting of a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide lamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp. 
     Notably, any number of UV lamps including low pressure, medium pressure, high pressure, and ultra-high pressure lamps, which are made of various materials, e.g., most commonly mercury (Hg) can be used with the system configuration according to the present invention and in the methods described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a low pressure mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a high pressure mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp. Such mercury lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Steril Aire Model SE series UVC Emitters™. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a low pressure short arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure short arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a high pressure short arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp. Short arc xenon lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Ushio #5000371-UXL-75XE Xenon Short Arc Lamp. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a low pressure long arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a high pressure long arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp. Long arc xenon lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Lumi-Max XLA1500 W Long Arc Xenon Lamp. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a low pressure metal halide lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure metal halide lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a high pressure metal halide lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp. Metal halide lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Venture Lighting product number 32519, open rated 175 watt probe start lamp. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a halogen lamp. A halogen lamp includes, but is not limited to a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp and a quartz iodine lamp. Halogen lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., General Electric model 16751. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a sodium lamp. A sodium lamp includes, but is not limited to a high pressure sodium lamp. Sodium lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., General Electric ED 18, 400 W, high pressure sodium lamp. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises an incandescent lamp. An incandescent lamp includes, but is not limited to an electric light filament lamp. Incandescent lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Philips 60-Watt Household Incandescent Light Bulb. 
     In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises a light emitting diode (LED) or a solid state light emitting device, including, but not limited to a semiconductor laser. LEDs are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Model L-A3 W Energy Efficient UV 110V LED Spot light from Battery Junction. 
     Additionally, spectral calibration lamps, electrodeless lamps, and the like can be used. 
     A. Germicidal UV Light Source 
     Ultraviolet (UV) light is classified into three wavelength ranges: UV-C, from about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 280 nm; UV-B, from about 280 nm to about 315 nm; and UV-A, from about 315 nm to about 400 nm. Generally, UV light, and in particular, UV-C light is “germicidal,” i.e., it deactivates the DNA of microorganism, such as bacteria, viruses and other pathogens and thus, destroys their ability to multiply and cause disease, effectively resulting in sterilization of the microorganisms. While susceptibility to UV light varies, exposure to UV energy for about 20 to about 34 milliwatt-seconds/cm 2  is adequate to deactivate approximately 99 percent of the pathogens. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is a germicidal UV light source. A UV light source, also referred to herein as UV lamp, is indicated in the drawings and respective legends as  5 . 
     In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV light source is a germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV light source is a UV-C light source. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV light source is a UV-B light source. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV light source is a UV-A light source. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV light source comprises one UV lamp. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV light source comprises one or more UV lamps. If a UV light source comprises more than one UV lamp, e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more UV lamps, it is also referred to as a “UV lamp cluster,” “UV cluster” “UV lamp assembly” or “UV assembly.” 
     1. Pulsed Germicidal UV Light Source 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light source is a pulsed germicidal UV light source. Pulsed UV light is composed of a wide spectrum of light ranging from the UV region to the infrared (Wang and MacGregor, 2005, Water Research 39(13):2921-25). A large portion of the spectrum lies below 400 nm and as such has germicidal properties. Pulsed UV light has proven equally if not more effective (same sterilization levels achieved more rapidly) at sterilizing surfaces when compared with traditional germicidal UV-C lights (Bohrerova et al., 2008 , Water Research  42(12):2975-2982). In a pulsed UV system, UV-light is pulsed several times per second, each pulse lasting between 100 ns (nanosecond) and 2 ms (millisecond). An additional advantage of a pulsed UV light system is that it obviates the need for the toxic heavy metal mercury, which is used in traditional germicidal UV lamps. A pulsed UV system requires less power than a mercury UV lamp and as such, is more economical. 
     The peak intensity of a pulsed UV lamp is typically one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of a mercury UV lamp of similar wattage. These high peak energies are achieved by storing energy in the high voltage storage capacitor and releasing this energy in a very short burst through the flash lamp. Pulse widths of 10 [is (microsecond) to 300 [is are common in today&#39;s industrial flashlamp systems. Peak energy levels range from 300 kilowatts to over a megawatt. (Kent Kipling Xenon Corporation Wilmington, Mass.). Sterilization is achieved because the intensity of the light produced by the pulsed lamp is greater than that of conventional UV-C lamps. Further, pulsed UV achieves sterilization via the rupture and disintegration of micro-organisms caused by overheating following absorption UV photons emitted in the light pulse (Wekhof et al., “Pulsed UV Disintegration (PUVD): a new sterilization mechanism for packaging and broad medical-hospital applications.” The First International Conference on Ultraviolet Technologies. Jun. 14-16, 2001; Washington, D.C., USA). 
     2. Low Pressure UV Lamp 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light source is a low pressure UV lamp. Low-pressure UV lamps are very similar to a fluorescent lamp, with a wavelength of 253.7 nm. Low pressure lamps are most effective, because they emit most of the radiant energy in the germicidal wavelength of 253.7 nm also known as the UV-C part of the spectrum. This is why low pressure lamps are mostly used in germicidal UV applications. The most common form of germicidal lamp looks similar to an ordinary fluorescent lamp but the tube contains no fluorescent phosphor. In addition, rather than being made of ordinary borosilicate glass, the tube is made of fused quartz. These two changes combine to allow the 253.7 nm UV light produced by the mercury arc to pass out of the lamp unmodified (whereas, in common fluorescent lamps, it causes the phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light). Germicidal lamps still produce a small amount of visible light due to other mercury radiation bands. In some embodiments, a low pressure UV lamp looks like an incandescent lamp but with the envelope containing a few droplets of mercury. In this design, the incandescent filament heats the mercury, producing a vapor which eventually allows an arc to be struck, short circuiting the incandescent filament. Some low pressure lamps are shown in  FIG. 17 . Each of those low pressure UV lamp can be used in the present invention. 
     Preferred UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are low pressure mercury amalgam bulb supplied by, e.g., Z-E-D Ziegler Electronic Devices GmbH, D 98704 Langewiesen, Germany (“Z-E-D”) and Heraeus Noblelight Fusion UV Inc. 910 Clopper Road Gaithersburg, Md., 20878 USA. 
     Various UV lamps may be used in the UV devices, systems and methods described herein. Preferred are UV lamps from Z-E-D. Two of those are particularly preferred. Both have the same external dimensions of 1500 mm length and 32 mm diameter. The lamp current for the less powerful bulb is 5.0 A, the lamp power is 550 W with a 170 W (at 253.7 nm) UVC output, 136 W UVC (at 253.7 nm) output when coated with Teflon. The life is 16,000 hours with a 15% loss at 253.7 nm after 12,000 hours. The second more powerful lamp draws a 6.5 A current and has a total output of 700 W and 200 W UVC (at 253.7 nm). The life is 15,000 hours with a 15% loss at 253.7 nm after 12,000 hours. Both are low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs 
     3. Medium and High Pressure UV Lamps 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light source is a medium-pressure UV lamp. Medium-pressure UV lamps are much more similar to high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps than fluorescent lamps. Medium-pressure UV lamps radiate a broad-band UV-C radiation, rather than a single line. They are widely used in industrial water treatment, because they are very intense radiation sources. They are as efficient as low-pressure lamps. A medium-pressure lamps typically produces very bright bluish white light. In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light source is a high pressure UV lamp. 
     Preferred UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are medium pressure mercury arc lamps provided by, e.g., Baldwin UV limited, 552 Fairlie Road, Trading Estate, Bershire, SL1 4PY, England. 
     4. Dimensions of Germicidal UV Light Sources 
     Different sized and shaped UV light sources may be used to practice a method of the present invention, largely depending on the shape of the container and the desired duration of the sterilization cycle. In some embodiments, a longer and more powerful UV lamp will provide for shorter duration cycles. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV light source is a UV-C lamp of 64″ in length with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (American Air and Water®, Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA). Other useful UV-C lamps for use in the systems and methods of the present invention are shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is a hot cathode germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is a slimline germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is a high output germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is a cold cathode germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is an 18″ single ended low pressure mercury lamp, e.g., as made commercially available by Steril-Aire. 
     5. Power Output and UV Intensity of Germicidal UV Light Sources 
     UV disinfection is a photochemical process. The effectiveness of UV-C is directly related to intensity and exposure time. Environmental factors, such as, air flow, humidity, airborne mechanical particles and distance of microorganism to the UV light source can also affect the performance of a UV device. While those environmental factors when present make it somewhat difficult to calculate the effective UV dosage required to kill or to inhibit the growth of a microorganism of interest, it has been shown that UV light will kill or inhibit the growth of any microorganism given enough UV dosage. 
     For UV disinfection and sterilization, the microorganisms present in a container or on a surface of a room, a space or defined environment are exposed to a lethal dose of UV energy. UV dose is measured as the product of UV light intensity times the exposure time within the UV lamp array. The microorganisms are exposed for a sufficient period of time to a germicidal UV light source in order for the UV rays to penetrate the cellular membrane and breaking down the microorganisms&#39; genetic material. The following tables provide the approximate required intensities to kill or growth inhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 100% of microorganisms (American Water &amp; Air® Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA): 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growth inhibit  
               
               
                 (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of mold spores (American 
               
               
                 Water &amp; Air ® Inc., Hilton Head Island, SC 29926, USA): 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) 
               
               
                   
                 in μWs/cm 2  Needed for Kill Factor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 90% 
                 99%* 
               
               
                 Mold Spores 
                 (1 log Reduction) 
                 (2 log Reduction) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 
                   Aspergillius flavus 
                 
                 60,000 
                 99,000 
               
               
                 
                   Aspergillius glaucus 
                 
                 44,000 
                 88,000 
               
               
                 
                   Aspergillius niger 
                 
                 132,000 
                 330,000 
               
               
                   Mucor racemosus  A 
                 17,000 
                 35,200 
               
               
                   Mucor racemosus  B 
                 17,000 
                 35,200 
               
               
                 
                   Oospora lactis 
                 
                 5,000 
                 11,000 
               
               
                 
                   Penicillium expansum 
                 
                 13,000 
                 22,000 
               
               
                 
                   Penicillium roqueforti 
                 
                 13,000 
                 26,400 
               
               
                 
                   Penicillium digitatum 
                 
                 44,000 
                 88,000 
               
               
                 
                   Rhisopus nigricans 
                 
                 111,000 
                 220,000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated mold spores, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated mold spores. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growth inhibit  
               
               
                 (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of bacteria (American 
               
               
                 Water &amp; Air ® Inc., Hilton Head Island, SC 29926, USA): 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation 
               
               
                   
                 (UV Dose) 
               
               
                   
                 in μWs/cm 2  Needed for Kill Factor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 90% 
                 99%* 
               
               
                 Bacteria 
                 (1 log Reduction) 
                 (2 log Reduction) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   Bacillus anthracis  - Anthrax 
                 4,520 
                 8,700 
               
               
                   Bacillus anthracis  spores - 
                 24,320 
                 46,200 
               
               
                 Anthrax spores 
                   
                   
               
               
                   Bacillus magaterium  sp. (spores) 
                 2,730 
                 5,200 
               
               
                   Bacillus magaterium  sp. (veg.) 
                 1,300 
                 2,500 
               
               
                 
                   Bacillus paratyphusus 
                 
                 3,200 
                 6,100 
               
               
                   Bacillus subtilis  spores 
                 11,600 
                 22,000 
               
               
                 
                   Bacillus subtilis 
                 
                 5,800 
                 11,000 
               
               
                 
                   Clostridium tetani 
                 
                 13,000 
                 22,000 
               
               
                 
                   Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
                 
                 3,370 
                 6,510 
               
               
                 
                   Ebertelia typhosa 
                 
                 2,140 
                 4,100 
               
               
                 
                   Escherichia coli 
                 
                 3,000 
                 6,600 
               
               
                   Leptospiracanicola  -  
                 3,150 
                 6,000 
               
               
                 infectious Jaundice 
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   Microccocus candidus 
                 
                 6,050 
                 12,300 
               
               
                 
                   Microccocus sphaeroides 
                 
                 1,000 
                 15,400 
               
               
                 
                   Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
                 
                 6,200 
                 10,000 
               
               
                 
                   Neisseria catarrhalis 
                 
                 4,400 
                 8,500 
               
               
                 
                   Phytomonas tumefaciens 
                 
                 4,400 
                 8,000 
               
               
                 
                   Proteus vulgaris 
                 
                 3,000 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 
                   Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
                 
                 5,500 
                 10,500 
               
               
                 
                   Pseudomonas fluorescens 
                 
                 3,500 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 
                   Salmonella enteritidis 
                 
                 4,000 
                 7,600 
               
               
                   Salmonela paratyphi  - 
                 3,200 
                 6,100 
               
               
                 Enteric fever 
                   
                   
               
               
                   Salmonella typhosa  - 
                 2,150 
                 4,100 
               
               
                 Typhoid fever 
                   
                   
               
               
                 
                   Salmonella typhimurium 
                 
                 8,000 
                 15,200 
               
               
                 
                   Sarcina lutea 
                 
                 19,700 
                 26,400 
               
               
                 
                   Serratia marcescens 
                 
                 2,420 
                 6,160 
               
               
                   Shigella dyseteriae  - Dysentery 
                 2,200 
                 4,200 
               
               
                   Shigella flexneri  - Dysentery 
                 1,700 
                 3,400 
               
               
                 
                   Shigella paradysenteriae 
                 
                 1,680 
                 3,400 
               
               
                 
                   Spirillum rubrum 
                 
                 4,400 
                 6,160 
               
               
                 
                   Staphylococcus albus 
                 
                 1,840 
                 5,720 
               
               
                 
                   Staphylococcus aerius 
                 
                 2,600 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 
                   Staphylococcus hemolyticus 
                 
                 2,160 
                 5,500 
               
               
                 
                   Staphylococcus lactis 
                 
                 6,150 
                 8,800 
               
               
                 
                   Streptococcus viridans 
                 
                 2,000 
                 3,800 
               
               
                   Vibrio comma  - Cholera 
                 3,375 
                 6,500 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated microorganisms, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated microorganism. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growth inhibit  
               
               
                 (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of protozoa (American 
               
               
                 Water &amp; Air ® Inc., Hilton Head Island, SC 29926, USA): 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation 
               
               
                   
                 (UV Dose) 
               
               
                   
                 in μWs/cm 2  Needed for Kill Factor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 90% 
                 99%* 
               
               
                 Protozoa 
                 (1 log Reduction) 
                 (2 log Reduction) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   Chlorella vulgaris  (Algae) 
                 13,000 
                 22,000 
               
               
                 Nematode Eggs 
                 45,000 
                 92,000 
               
               
                 
                   Paramecium 
                 
                 11,000 
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated protozoa, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated protozoa. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growth inhibit  
               
               
                 (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of viruses (American 
               
               
                 Water &amp; Air ® Inc., Hilton Head Island, SC 29926, USA): 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) 
               
               
                   
                 in μWs/cm 2  Needed for Kill Factor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 90% 
                 99%* 
               
               
                 Virus 
                 (1 log Reduction) 
                 (2 log Reduction) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Bacteriophage -  E. Coli   
                 2,600 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 Infectious Hepatitis 
                 5,800 
                 8,000 
               
               
                 Influenza 
                 3,400 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 Poliovirus - Poliomyelitis 
                 3,150 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 Tobacco mosaic 
                 240,000 
                 440,000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated viruses, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated viruses. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growth inhibit  
               
               
                 (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of yeast (American 
               
               
                 Water &amp; Air ® Inc., Hilton Head Island, SC 29926, USA): 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation 
               
               
                   
                 (UV Dose) 
               
               
                   
                 in μWs/cm 2  Needed for Kill Factor 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 90% 
                 99% 
               
               
                 Yeast 
                 (1 log Reduction) 
                 (2 log Reduction) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Brewers yeast 
                 3,300 
                 6,600 
               
               
                 Common yeast cake 
                 6,000 
                 13,200 
               
               
                 
                   Saccharomyces carevisiae 
                 
                 6,000 
                 13,200 
               
               
                 
                   Saccharomyces ellipsoideus 
                 
                 6,000 
                 13,200 
               
               
                   Saccharomyces  spores 
                 8,000 
                 17,600 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated yeast, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated yeast. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     By way of example, using a germicidal UV lamp with 190 microwatts/cm 2  output at 254 nm, it would take approximately about 1 minute and 26 seconds to kill or growth inhibit (“Kill Factor”) 100% of  Saccharomyces  sp. (which requires 17,600 microwatt/cm 2 ) at a distance of 36″ and 3 minutes 41 seconds at a distance of 60″. 
     In some embodiments a UV lamp within a UV device has a polymer coating. The polymer coating will prevent small glass pieces from falling into a container in case of accidental shattering during use of a UV device in a method of the present invention. 
     B. UV Detectors and Sensors 
     The present invention describes a variety of UV devices. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a detector or a sensor. The terms UV detector and UV sensor are used interchangeably herein. In the drawings, showing exemplary embodiments, detectors are shown by  11 . A UV sensor is also shown as  154  in  FIGS. 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56 . The use of a detector or sensor ensures that in addition to the algorithm (taking into account vessel size and shape, size and shape of a room, a space or defined environment, lamp intensity, distance of lamp or lamps from surfaces to be sterilized) a required or predetermined UV light intensity is achieved. Further, a detector ensures that all areas known to specifically accumulate microorganisms also receive the required or predetermined dose of UV radiation. 
     The use of a detector solves a significant problem existing using the chemical and ozone disinfection methods. When those methods are used, there is no established protocol for verifying the level of sterilization achieved. In contrast thereto, methods of the present invention comprising the use of a detector offers a unique, quick, and reliable means of providing verifiable levels of the sterilization achieved. As described herein, once set at a predetermined UV dose, the detector will shut of the UV lamp when this predetermined amount of UV radiation has been attained. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is connected to one or more UV detectors or UV sensors. In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light source is connected to one or more UV detectors or UV sensors. As shown in the exemplary UV devices in  FIGS. 6, 7, 14, and 15 , one or more detectors may be mounted to a different position within the UV assembly or onto a removable bracket. In  FIGS. 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56 , a UV sensor is exemplary attached to a second upper frame end  152  (see detailed description below). 
     UV devices described herein are adapted to use a variety of commercially available detectors and sensors. UV-C detectors commercially available include, e.g., a PMA2122 germicidal UV detector (Solar Light Company, Inc., Glenside, Pa. 19038, USA). Detectors, such as the PMA2122 Germicidal UV detector, provide fast and accurate irradiance measurements of the effective germicidal radiation. Thus, in some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, a UV detector is PMA2122 germicidal UV detector. Another preferred UV detector is Digital UV-sensor type with RS485 interface (Ziegler Electronic Devices GmbH, In den Folgen 7, D 98704 Langewiesen Germany). Thus, in some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, a UV detector is Digital UV-sensor type with RS485 interface. A UV producing lamp is monitored to insure that the microorganisms, such as bacteria, are receiving a desired dose of germicidal UV radiation. Using a detector, the UV lamps can also be monitored to get maximum life out of the lamp before replacement. A germicidal UV detector can also be used to insure that the proper lamp has been installed after replacement. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light source is connected electrically to one or more UV detectors. In some embodiments, a UV detector is connected by wire to a radiation meter, which in turn can communicate via the wire with a UV lamp and instruct it to turn off, e.g., when a desired radiation level has been attained. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light source is connected to one or more UV detectors via a signal. 
     In some embodiments, a detector is placed at a location within a container where microorganisms, which negatively impact production and flavor of an alcoholic beverage, a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition, or a dry dairy composition, are known to accumulate. In some embodiments, a detector is placed within a room, a space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the one or more UV detectors are placed in conjunction with a UV light source, preferably, a germicidal UV light source, so that the one or more detectors ensure that a desired UV intensity has been attained and/or maintained. In some embodiments, a detector is placed strategically in corners or on uneven surfaces of containers such as weld seams where microorganisms may accumulate. 
     In some embodiments, a detector is arranged so that it is both furthest away from the UV lamp and closest to the most uneven interior surface of a container (e.g., weld seam or a corner), a room, a space or defined environment. The purpose of the detector is to ensure that the required or predetermined UV dose is attained at a given interior location of a container, room, space or defined environment in order to achieve the desired log reduction of microorganisms. By placing a detector or more than one detector (i.e., at least two detectors) in one or more positions in the interior of the container or within a room, a space or defined environment to be sanitized, it will be ensured that the even surfaces and those closer to the UV lamp will receive more than sufficient UV radiation to achieve the desired log reduction of microorganisms and that the more problematic interior surfaces of a container (e.g., weld seams and corners) or uneven surfaces in a room, a space or defined environment will receive the required or predetermined UV dose. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source communicates back and forth with a detector so that the UV light source is shut off when a desired specified germicidal level of UV radiation has been attained. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, a desired specified germicidal level is dependent on the log reduction or percentage reduction of microorganisms desired. If sterilization is required, a six log reduction in microorganisms may be specified. In the interest of saving time and electricity, however, a five log reduction or a four-log reduction may be desired. Once the desired UV intensity has been attained, the detector will cause the UV light source to shut off. 
     One of skill in the art using a detector in combination with a UV device to sterilize a container, a room, a space or defined environment according to a method of the present invention would not need to know the diameter of the container or dimension of a room, a space or defined environment as the detector would automatically detect the appropriate UV dose necessary to achieve a predetermined sterilization rate (log reduction value). 
     The use of a detector, however, is optional. Detectors are not required to practice methods of the present invention provided that the timing of the sterilization cycle has been calculated correctly. Detectors can be used as a redundant system if the shape of the container and/or lamp does allow the skilled artisan to apply a simple programmable calculation of the sterilization cycle duration. 
     C. Housing 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a housing. Various housings for UV lamps are shown in the exemplary UV devices in  FIGS. 1-13, 16, 21-25, 28-35, 37-45, 52-61, and 64-67  by  2 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light source is residing in a housing. In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light source is positioned within a housing  2 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing  2  surrounds or encloses a germicidal UV light source. Exemplary surroundings or enclosures of a UV light source by a housing are shown in  FIGS. 1-3, 7, 9, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37-45, 52-61, and 64-67 . The surrounding or enclosure may be complete or partial. Exemplary complete surroundings or enclosures of a UV light source by a housing  2  are shown in  FIGS. 1-3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 38-41, 52-61 , and  64 - 67 . Exemplary partial surroundings or enclosures of a UV light source by a housing  2  are shown in  FIGS. 7, 9, 34, 35, 37 and 42-45 . Housings  2  are designed to protect the UV light source from damage, e.g., during transport, during use, or when the UV light source is retracted from a container, a room, a space, or a defined environment according to a method of the present invention. A UV light source can be directly or indirectly attached to a housing  2  or alternatively, resides within a housing  2 . Housings  2 , however, are not necessary for a UV device of the present invention to function. They are optional. For example, UV device Model BM3, schematically depicted in  FIGS. 46-48 , does not comprise a housing  2 . 
     A housing  2  can be made of a variety of materials. It can be made from a polymer (e.g., plastic) or metal depending on the desired weight. In some embodiments, a housing is made of DuPont Teflon® FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene). 
     A housing can have various shapes and forms. In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing is a mesh cage allowing the UV light to pass through. An exemplary mesh cage housing is shown in  FIGS. 21-25 . The housing  2  in  FIGS. 42-45 , e.g., comprises one or more circular structures, such as metal rings, within the UV light source resides. When using housings  2  that allow passing through of the UV light, the UV light source does not need to be released from the housing to practice a method of the invention. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing  2  is a housing  2  which does not allow the UV light to pass through or which only allows the UV light to pass through partly. When using such a housing in the methods of the present invention, the UV light source is being released from the housing  2 . Upon release of the germicidal UV light source from the housing  2 , the germicidal UV light source may be stationary or mobile. The housing can be of any shape. The shape of the housing is largely depending on the size and shape of the UV light source (e.g., see  FIGS. 1-13, 16, 21-25, 27, 38-45, 52-61, and 64-67 ).  FIGS. 21-25 and 42-45  show a UV lamp cluster (comprising 8 UV lamps) arranged at an angle and a correspondingly shaped housing.  FIG. 27  shows five UV lamp clusters each comprising three UV lamps arranged at an angle and in a square or rectangular housing. 
     In some embodiments, a single longitudinal UV lamp is used as a UV light source. In those embodiments, the housing may surround or enclose the UV lamp either completely or partially. In some embodiments, a housing  2  comprises two arms, a first arm and a second arm, e.g., as schematically shown in  FIGS. 34 and 35 . The first arm may be positioned in a fixed position, while the second arm may be movably attached to the first arm. In some embodiments the second arm can reside completely or partially within the first arm. The movable attachment of the second arm to the first arm may be through a pivot point. In some embodiments, a UV lamp is attached to such housing through an opening in the second arm and further connected to a part of the UV device through a rope, string, or a power cord. In a configuration wherein the second arm resides within the first arm, the UV lamp would then reside within the second arm. In some embodiments, a rope, a string or a power cord prevents the second arm of the housing from moving downwardly. Upon lowering the rope, the string, or the power cord, the UV lamp along with the second arm will be released from the first arm of the housing. The rope, the string or the power cord can be lowered to a point whereupon the second and first arm form a 90 degree angle (e.g., see  FIG. 34B ). Thereby the UV light source can be moved into almost any position within the confines of a container ( FIG. 34B ), a room, a space, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such positioning depends on the length of the first arm, the length of the second arm and the angle formed between the first and second arm. Provided herein are various lengths of the first and second arms, depending, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, on the diameter and height of a container, a room, a space or defined environment, which should be sterilized. For example, if the diameter of a container is about 5 meters, then a second arm having a length of about 2.5 meters could position a UV device approximately in the middle of the container when the UV device is attached to an outer part on top of the container (see  FIGS. 34B, 34C ). The height positioning of a UV light source within a container can then be controlled conveniently by the extent to which the rope, string or power cord is further lowered (compare  FIG. 34B  to  FIG. 34C ). Lowering of the UV lamp can be achieved as described herein by use of a motorized unit (e.g., see  FIGS. 34 and 35 ). 
     D. Guides, Range-Finding Devices, and Circuit Boards 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device or system comprises a range-finding device or guide, such as a laser range finder. A range-finding device may be placed or aligned at some point along the longitudinal axis of the UV device in order to prevent the UV lamp(s) or UV device from contacting either the top or bottom surface of the container (depending on the embodiment the device may be suspended from the top of the container or supported from below by a mount). If the embodiment uses lateral movement to position the UV lamp(s) closer to the internal surface the container or to a predetermined position in a room, a space or defined environment, the rangefinder may be aligned in the same orientation ensuring that the UV lamp(s) is positioned at the desired distance depending on the internal diameter of the container or dimension of the room, space or defined environment. In some embodiments of the present invention, a range-finding device is used in conjunction with the system to guarantee that the UV lamp(s) is in correct distance from the interior surface of a container to be sterilized or the surface, walls or ceilings of a room, a space or defined environment to be sterilized as well as preventing the UV lamp from impacting the interior surfaces of the container, room, space or defined environment. Range-finding devices or guides are indicated by  20  in exemplary UV devices herein, e.g., in  FIGS. 11, 12 and 35 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a range-finding device  20  is a radiofrequency identifier (RFID), which is used to position a UV light source to a desired or predetermined position within a container. An RFID receives information about the dimensions of a container to be sterilized, such as depth and radius of the container. An RFID may be attached to a UV device of the present invention. In some embodiments, an RFID is attached to the container to be sterilized. 
     For example, as described herein, an RFID determines the depth of moving a UV light source from its load position into its payout position.  FIG. 35  schematically depicts a laser depth guide attached in proximity of a UV lamp. 
       FIGS. 26A-D  schematically depict a circuit board used in an embodiment of a UV device of the present invention.  FIGS. 36A-D  schematically depict a circuit board used in UV device UV55 described further herein.  FIG. 28E  schematically depicts an exemplary positioning of a circuit board  103  within a circuit board cavity  99  within a central sleeve  12 . A circuit board may also be enclosed in a box  127 , as shown in  FIGS. 42-45 . Another positioning of a circuit board  103  is within a control box  127  (see below). 
     A circuit board  103  for use in a UV device of the present invention may have a variety of functionalities. Various exemplary circuit boards  103  are described herein, e.g., in  FIGS. 26  ( 26 A-D) and  36 A-D and parts of  FIGS. 68A-C . In some embodiments, a functionality of a circuit board comprises a functionality selected from the group consisting of communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; controlling a movement of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment; controlling a rate of descent of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment; controlling a rate of ascent of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room, or a defined environment; controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room, or a defined environment; controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidal UV light source; relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to a container, a room or a defined environment; uploading and relaying information from a radiofrequency identifier; generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle; generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a report on time of a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a report on UV light intensity attained during sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting an alert to an individual that a sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete; emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source requires replacement; logging date, time and individual who used the portable UV device; and logging information of a container, a room, or a defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or has been used. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of the circuit board is communicating with a radiofrequency identifier. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of the circuit board is controlling a movement of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling a rate of descent of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling a rate of ascent of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidal UV light source. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to a container, a room or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is uploading and relaying information from a radiofrequency identifier. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is relaying a message to an individual. A message relayed by a circuit board of a UV device of the present invention may be an email notification, an automated telephone voice mail message or a special message system to a hand held device such as a cell phone or tablet type device. The individual can receive an email notification that documents or reports generated are available to view and download online. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on time of a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on duration of a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting an alert to an individual that sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is logging date, time and individual who used the portable UV device. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is logging information of a container, a room, or a defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or has been used. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is relaying UV intensity via a sensor to a container, a room, a defined environment to ensure that a desired or predetermined irradiation is achieved during a specified time or duration. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame and UV light source(s) attached thereto from a horizontal position to an angular position with respect to a lower frame and attached UV light source(s) of a UV device. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame and UV light source(s) attached thereto from a perpendicular/vertical or angular position to a horizontal position with respect to a lower frame and attached UV light source(s) of a UV device. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame and UV light source(s) attached thereto from a first angular position to a second angular position with respect to a lower frame and attached UV light source(s) of a UV device. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is connecting to one or more fuses to protect the UV device against electrical surges. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is connecting to Zcon mini which measures incoming UVC in real time from a UVC sensor. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is connecting a Zcon mini to a programmable logic control (PLC) unit. In some of those embodiments, the PLC unit has sanitization cycle times programmed into it. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board uses a PLC unit to connect with a touchscreen interface  135  located on an outside of a control box  127 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is adjusting a current being sent to a UV light source to maximize efficiency of a sanitization cycle, 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is controlling a servo or a motor and/or the rate with which a servo or motor operate. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is interfacing with a PLC unit to indicate whether a bulb intensity is sufficient or inefficient for a desired sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of a circuit board is tracking time of bulb operation. 
     Exemplary circuit boards  103  for use in UV devices of the present invention are schematically shown in  FIGS. 26  ( 26 A-D);  36 A-D and parts of  FIGS. 68A-C . 
     E. Means for Attaching a UV Device 
     The UV devices described herein can be used to practice the methods described herein. A UV device of the present invention can be attached movably, adjustably, temporarily, or permanently to a container, to a surface of an object, to a floor, to a ceiling or to a wall of a room, a space or a defined environment by using various attachment means, such as fasteners, screws, mounting tabs, etc. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is positioned on top of a container  4 , as e.g., schematically depicted in  FIGS. 1-5, 10, 11, 25, 29, 41, and 44 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is positioned on the bottom of a container  4 , as e.g., schematically depicted in  FIGS. 6-9, 32, 33, and 48A -D. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached to a lid  29  of a container  4 , as e.g., schematically depicted in  FIGS. 14 and 15 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached to a wall or ceiling, as e.g., schematically depicted in  FIG. 27 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached to an opening in a side wall of a container  4 , as e.g., schematically depicted in  FIG. 59 . 
     The UV devices described herein can be attached temporarily to a container, e.g., for the time required to perform a method described herein. The UV devices described herein can also be attached to a container for a prolonged time, e.g., for the time required to perform a method described herein and an extended period of time before or after practicing the method. The UV devices described herein can also be attached permanently to a container. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV device comprises a means for attaching the UV device to a container. This invention provides various means for attaching the UV device to a container, including, but not limited to a bracket, a hanger, and the like. 
     The means for attaching the UV device to a container, a room or a defined environment essentially serves to attach the UV device on an outer perimeter of an opening of the container, to a fixture within the room or defined environment so that the UV light source and other parts of the UV device necessary to perform a method of the present invention can be movably inserted through the opening of the container into the interior part of the container and into the room or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the means for attaching the UV device to a container is a bracket, also referred to as mounting bracket. In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing is affixed to a bracket. In some embodiments, the bracket supports the housing in the desired position and allows the UV lamp to project and descend from the housing into the desired positions for the “sterilization cycle.” In some embodiments, the bracket supports the housing centrally. In some embodiments, the bracket supports the housing asymmetrically. The bracket may be in the form of a base, tripod or stand if the device is to be supported from the bottom of the fermentation vessel. The arms of the bracket may be adjustable to accommodate containers of various diameters and dimensions. Non-limiting exemplary bracket embodiments 3 are depicted in the exemplary UV devices shown in  FIGS. 1-5, 10-12, 33, 28-45, 52, 59, and 63 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for attaching the UV device to a container is a hanger as shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 21-25 . A hanger may comprise one or more of the following: a clamp post  53 , a hanger support bar  52 , and a tightening screw  78 . A preferred configuration of those parts is shown in  FIGS. 21-24 . Another hanger-like means for attachment of a UV device to a container is depicted in  FIGS. 38-45 . A hanger can have any shape or size as long as it is adapted to attach a UV device to a container, a room or a defined environment to be sterilized, for example,  FIGS. 21-24  schematically show an L-shaped hanger. 
     In some embodiments, the hanger is attached to a pulley mount arm  51  (e.g., see  FIGS. 21-24 ). In some embodiments, the hanger is attached to a telescopic arm pivot  73  (e.g., see  FIGS. 21-24 ). In some embodiments, a hanger is attached to a frame  6  (e.g., see  FIGS. 38-54 ). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for attaching the UV device to a container is a bracket  3  as shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 52, 59 and 63 . A bracket  3  may comprise one or more of the following: a bracket tightening knob  149  and a plurality of rope or line posts  150 ,  151 . A preferred configuration of those parts is shown in  FIGS. 52, 59 and 63 . A bracket can have any shape or size as long as it is adapted to attach a UV device to a container, a room, or a defined environment to be sterilized. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing enclosing a UV lamp is attached to a UV impermissible lid or cover that is placed on top of an opening of a container so that the UV lamp can be moved downwards into the container through the housing (movement similarly as shown in  FIGS. 1-3 ). In some embodiments, when the UV lamp is retracted, the impermissible lid descends via gravity. A person standing close by will not be exposed to UV irradiation but rather be shielded from irradiation because of the UV impermissible lid or cover. 
       FIG. 27  shows a UV device adapted to be attached to a surface, a wall, a floor or a ceiling of a room, or a defined environment. Preferably the device shown in  FIG. 27  is mounted to the ceiling of a room, or a defined environment. 
     F. Optical Components 
     To increase the UV intensity over a reduced area, to focus the UV intensity, or to control the UV intensity, in some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device of the present invention comprises an optical component. Optical components include, but are not limited to, a reflector, a shutter, a lens, a splitter, a mirror, and the like. The optical component may be of any shape. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a reflector. A reflector can have a variety of configurations. In some embodiments, the reflector is a parabolic reflector. In some embodiments, the reflector is an elliptical reflector. In some embodiments, the reflector is a circular reflector. Exemplary embodiments comprising a reflector are depicted in the exemplary UV devices shown in  FIGS. 12-14 and 37 . 
     Reflectors are generally provided by the manufacturer of UV light sources. For example, reflectors of circular, elliptical and parabolic cross sections can be purchased from Hill Technical Sales Corp (Arlington Heights, Ill., USA). Exemplary reflectors are schematically shown in  FIG. 18 . A preferred supplier for parabolic reflector is Baldwin UV limited, 552 Farilie Road, Trading Estate, Berkshire, SL1 4PY, England. 
     UV devices comprising a reflector are schematically shown in  FIGS. 14 and 37 . However, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a reflector can be configured into other UV devices described herein. In the exemplary UV device schematically shown in  FIG. 37 , the UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster having eight UV lamps arranged in a circular arrangement, wherein each reflector partially surrounds a UV lamp. Other suitable UV lamp clusters are described herein. UV lamps and reflectors may be attached to a housing as schematically depicted in  FIG. 37C . In some embodiments, reflectors individually and partially surrounding a UV lamp may form a continuous reflecting wall as schematically depicted in  FIG. 37B . Such a reflecting wall may be connected to a central sleeve. 
     The UV device schematically shown in  FIG. 37  can be inserted through an opening of a container, e.g., an opening located on top of a container so that the reflectors and UV lamps move inwardly into the container and the housing rests on the opening of the lid while the sterilization cycle is being performed. In some embodiments, the UV lamp cluster of such device is arranged so that it can be moved through the opening of the container, while the diameter of the housing of the UV device is larger than the diameter of the opening of the container so that the UV device can be positioned on top of the container opening. In some embodiments, both the housing and the UV lamp cluster can be moved through an opening of a container. In such embodiment, the housing is attached to a cover (or plate) which has a larger diameter than the housing and the UV lamp cluster and the housing is attached to the cover (or plate) through a cable, which can be extended so that both the housing and UV lamp cluster can move further downwards into the container upon release of the cable. The cover then remains positioned on top of the container opening. The cover (or plate) can have various shapes, such as round, oval, square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. A handle attached to such cover (or plate) conveniently allows the user to place the UV device onto an opening of a container. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device schematically shown in  FIG. 37  is inserted inwardly into a container from an opening located at the bottom or side of a container (e.g., see  FIGS. 31-33 ). 
     G. Additional Components of a UV Device 
       FIGS. 1-16, 19-25, 27-35, 37-48, 51-61, and 63-67  depict exemplary embodiments of UV devices of the present invention and uses thereof. Those figures also show additional components of UV devices of the present invention, their positioning and how those components may be connected to a container, a UV lamp, a UV detector, a frame, a bracket, a housing, and a range-finding device, which are described in detail above. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, individual components described herein can be combined in various ways and configurations in a UV device for a use described herein without deviating from the scope of the present invention. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a motorized unit (indicated by  1  in the figures). In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a second motor unit (indicated by  23  in the figures; different from the motorized unit “ 1 ”). A motorized unit can provide various functions, including, but not limited to positioning a UV lamp within a container. A motorized unit may move a UV lamp within a container to a horizontal position, a vertical position or combination of both. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the moving of a UV lamp within a container depends on parameters, such as size and power of a UV lamp, diameter and height of a container and areas within the container a practitioner desires to sterilize as described herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a rope, a cable or a rigid rod (indicated by  7  in the figures). A rope, a cable or a rigid rod is also useful for the positioning of a UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment. For example, as schematically depicted in  FIGS. 4, 5   38 - 45 , a cable  7  is used to lower the UV lamps  5  of the UV devices shown inwardly into the container  4 . In some embodiments, a cable  7  is a power cord  90  as, e.g., schematically shown in  FIGS. 34 and 35 . In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a rigid rod, such as an extension of the central post  16 , may be used to move a UV light source upwardly within a container  4  (e.g., see  FIG. 48D ). In some embodiments, e.g., in some members of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices, a rope  7  is used to position or to move a germicidal UV light source connected to an upper frame into an angular or vertical position with respect to another germicidal UV light source connected to a lower frame (see below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a base plate (indicated by  10  in the figures. A base plate can have many different shapes and configurations as schematically depicted in the figures herein. A function of a base plate is to allow the UV device be positioned onto or into a container, a room, or a defined environment or allow the UV device be attached to a container, a room or a defined environment (although attachment of a UV device to a container, a room or a defined environment can also be done by other means as described herein). Exemplary embodiments of base plates are schematically depicted in  FIGS. 6, 7, 28, 29, 31-33, and 35 . The base plate  10  of the UV device embodiments shown in those figures allows the UV device to stand upright on a surface, e.g., within a container (see,  FIGS. 7, 32, 33 ), on top of a container (see  FIGS. 28 and 29 ) or on a floor and the container is slided onto the UV device (see  FIG. 31 ). The base plate  10  of the UV device shown in  FIGS. 28 and 29 , is partially circular and has a straight part allowing the UV device to be positioned vertically on a surface (e.g., when servicing it) without rolling away. The base plate  10  of the exemplary UV device embodiments depicted in  FIGS. 31 and 32  has a tripod-like configuration. The base plate  10  of the exemplary UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 35  is round. It can be oval, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. as well. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a central sleeve (indicated by  12  in the figures). A central sleeve can have various configurations and shapes. Typically, the central sleeve  12  is round. A central sleeve can have various configurations and can be connected to other components of a UV device in various ways. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7 , a central sleeve  12  is connected to a housing  2 . In some embodiments, a central sleeve  12  can slide over a housing  2 . As depicted exemplary in  FIG. 8 , more than one housing  2  can be attached to a central sleeve  12 . Attachment of the housings  2  to the central sleeve can be direct or indirect. For example, as depicted in  FIG. 9 , the housings  2  are attached to a central sleeve  12  via parallelogramming arms  17 . Various components of a UV device can be attached directly or indirectly to a central sleeve  12  as shown in figures. For example, as depicted in  FIGS. 28 and 29 , a central sleeve  12  is movably attached to a housing  2 . In some embodiments of the present invention (see e.g.,  FIGS. 28, 29, 37 ), a UV lamp  5  is attached to a central sleeve  12 . The attachment of a UV lamp  5  to a central sleeve  12  may be achieved via pins  93  and a UV lamp socket or adaptor  94 . The device depicted in  FIGS. 28 and 29 , referred to herein, as UV55, is described in more detail below. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more connecting rods (indicated by  13  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a motorized sleeve (indicated by  14  in the figures), 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an adjustable bracket (indicated by  15  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a central post (indicated by  16  in the figures). In some embodiments of the present invention, the central post  16  is a scissor boom. In some embodiments of the present invention, the central post  16  is a central bar  44 . In some embodiments of the present invention the central post  16  is surrounded by a central sleeve  12 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a central post  16  may be extendible and permit positioning of a UV light source attached thereto to be moved from a first position (e.g., a first vertical position) to a second position (e.g., second vertical position) within a container (e.g., see  FIG. 48 ). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises parallelogramming arms (indicated by  17  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an arm (indicated by  18  in the figures; distinguished from “ 17 ”). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a track on the arm (indicated by  19  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an “adjustable bracket” or “mounting frame” (indicated by  24  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a track on a central post (indicated by  25  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a removable bracket (indicated by  31  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a reflector (indicated by  32  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more nylon blocks (indicated by  33  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a post or boss (indicated by  34  in the figures). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a hanging hook (indicated by  84  in the figures). A hanging hook provides a convenient way of storing a UV device when not in use, by e.g., hanging it on hook. A hanging hook can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary hanging hook  84  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). A handle  91 , e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 39-40 and 46-48 , can also be used as a hanging hook. As such, the terms hanging hook  84  and handle  91  are used interchangeably herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an on/off or reset button (indicated by  85  in the figures). As one of ordinary skill in the art an on/off or reset button provides for the activation of the UV device. An on/off or reset button can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary on/off or reset button  85  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a central sleeve tightening knob (indicated by  86  in the figures). A central sleeve tightening knob, for example, allows the precise sliding of a central sleeve  12  into a housing  2  or onto a housing  2 . Typically, a central sleeve tightening knob is tightened by a person to maintain a central sleeve in a predetermined position. It is loosened by a person to allow the central sleeve to be moved from a first position to a second position. In the exemplary UV device embodiment UV55 (see below) and others, movement of the central sleeve can be upwardly or downwardly. A central sleeve tightening knob can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary central sleeve tightening knob  86  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a translucent plastic ring (indicated by  87  in the figures). In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of LED lights are located behind the translucent plastic ring. Upon activation of the LED light, the light can be seen through the translucent plastic ring. The appearance of a light signal may indicate to a user of the UV device the time of use of the UV device to perform the sterilization of a container, the termination of a sterilization cycle, etc. A translucent plastic ring can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary translucent plastic ring  87  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a stopping plate (indicated by  88  in the figures). A stopping plate can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary stopping plate  88  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a metal disc (indicated by  89  in the figures). A metal disc can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary metal disc  89  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a power cord (indicated by  90  in the figures). A power cord can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary power cord  90  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a handle (indicated by  91  in the figures). A handle provides for the convenient transport of a UV device by a user. A handle can be part of a central sleeve  12 , such as an extension of a central sleeve  12  (e.g., see  FIGS. 28 and 29 ) A handle  91  can also be part of a frame  6 , an extension of a frame  6  or attached to a frame  6  (e.g., see  FIGS. 38-41 and 46-48 ). The handle may be of a different thickness than the central sleeve or frame. The handle and the central sleeve or frame can be made of the same material. A preferred material is a plastic. A preferred plastic is Delrin. Another preferred material for a handle is a metal, preferably, a light-weight metal. A handle can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary handle  91  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below), in  FIG. 37 , in UV device Model BM1 (see  FIGS. 38-41 ) and in UV device BM3 (see  FIGS. 46-48 ). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a handle cap (indicated by  92  in the figures). In some embodiments, a handle cap is attached to a handle  91 . In some embodiments of the present invention, a handle cap houses an acoustic speaker. Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an acoustic speaker. A handle cap can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary handle cap  92  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more pins for attaching a UV lamp  5  to a UV lamp socket or adaptor  94  (indicated by  93  in the figures). Pins  93  can be attached to a UV lamp  5  at various locations, preferably at an end of a UV lamp  5 . Form, shape, positioning and function of exemplary pins  93  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more UV lamp sockets or adaptors (indicated by  94  in the figures). A UV lamp socket or adaptor  94  attaches a UV lamp  5  to a UV device, preferably through pins  93 . A UV lamp socket or adaptor can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Typically, each UV lamp  5  is attached to a UV lamp socket or adaptor  94 . Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary UV lamp socket or adaptor  94  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below), UV device Model BM1 (see  FIGS. 38, 29, and 41 ), UV device Model BM2 (see  FIG. 45 ), and UV device Model BM3 (see  FIG. 47A ).  FIGS. 53-55 and 60  show non-limiting embodiments wherein UV lamp sockets or adaptors  94  are attached to either a lower frame  146  or an upper frame of a UV device of the UVT-4 family of UV devices. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a metal sleeve attachment ring (indicated by  95  in the figures). A metal sleeve attachment ring can be attached to a UV device at various locations. For example, it can be attached to a housing  2 . Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary metal sleeve attachment ring  95  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a power supply of UV lamp ballast (indicated by  96  in the figures). A power supply  96  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Preferably, a power supply is not visible from the outside of a UV device and housed in an inner compartment (e.g., see control box  127  in  FIGS. 42-45, 49-51 ) or in a cavity within the UV device. A preferred cavity for housing a power supply  96  is a power supply cavity  100 . Typically, the power supply cavity is covered by a power supply access plate  97  so that the power supply is not visible from the outside. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary power supply  96  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). A ballast/power supply  96  may power one or more UV lamps  5 . In some embodiments, a single ballast/power supply  96  powers a UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments, a single ballast/power supply  96  powers eight (8) UV lamps  5 . In some embodiments, a single ballast/power supply  96  powers four (4) UV lamps  5 , i.e., when eight (8) UV lamps  5  are configured into a UV device, two ballasts/power supplies  96  may be employed. In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply  96  powers each UV lamp  5  separately, i.e., each UV lamp is powered by a separate electrical cable, wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply  96  with that particular UV lamp  5 . In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply  96  powers in parallel a plurality of UV lamps  5 , i.e., a plurality of UV lamps  5  is powered by a single electrical cable, wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply  96  with the plurality of UV lamps  5 . In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply  96  powers in parallel a UV lamps  5  of a UV lamp cluster, i.e., the UV lamps  5  of the UV lamp cluster are powered by a single electrical cable, wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply  96  with the UV lamps  5  of the UV lamp cluster. 
     In some embodiments, the ballasts/power supplies  96  are separated from the UV lamps  5 . That distance can vary. Distances can be about 1 m, about 2 m, about 3 m, about 4 m, about 5 m, about 6 m, about 7 m, about 8 m, about 9 m, about 10 m, about 11 m, about 12 m or even more. For example, a UV device of the UVT-4 family of UV devices is preferably used to sanitize large containers, large rooms or large defined environments. In those embodiments, the UV light sources and the power supply are physically separated from each other. This option provides for a more light-weight portable UV device and also provides greater flexibility with respect to moving and positioning the UV device on its own or within such large container, large room or large defined environment. In those embodiments, the UV light source(s) attached to those UV devices are powered by a power supply  96  that resides in a control box  127  and wherein a cable  143  connects the power supply  96  with the UV device and thus, with the germicidal UV light source(s). In some embodiments, cable  143  consists of two cables  143 , one being attached to the control box  127  as shown in  FIGS. 49 and 50  and one being attached to the UV device as shown in  FIG. 52 . When in use and when power is to be provided to the UV device, those two cables  143  are then joined via a socket  181  ( FIG. 65 ). In other embodiments, a single long cable  143  is being used to connect the control box  127  to the UV device directly, i.e., without connecting two sockets as described above. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a power supply access plate (indicated by  97  in the figures). A power supply access plate  97  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. A power supply access plate covers a power supply, which is housed in an inner compartment or cavity within the UV device. A power supply cavity access plate may be screwed to a UV device with one or more screws. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary power supply access plate  97  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an optical switch (indicated by  98  in the figures). An optical switch, also referred to as cycle time count reset sensor, can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary optical switch  98  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     As described herein, in some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a circuit board (indicated by  103  in the figures; see also  FIGS. 26A-D ,  36 A-D and  68 ). A circuit board  103  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Preferably, a circuit board is not visible from the outside of a UV device and housed in an inner compartment or cavity, e.g., within the UV device or within a control box  127 . A preferred cavity for housing a circuit board  103  is a circuit board cavity  99 . Typically, the circuit board cavity is covered by a plate. Conveniently, a power supply access plate  97  may also cover the circuit board so that the circuit board is not visible from the outside. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary circuit board  103  and circuit board cavity  99  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an AC to DC power converter (indicated by  101  in the figures). An AC to DC power converter can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary AC to DC power converter  101  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an electronic component (indicated by  102  in the figures). An AC to DC power converter can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary electronic component  102  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more connectors or wires (indicated by  104  in the figures) to connect to e.g., an LED, an optical switch, or an acoustic speaker. Connectors and wires  104  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary connectors and wires  104  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more connectors or wires (indicated by  105  in the figures) to connect to a UV light source, such as a UV lamp  5 . Connectors and wires  105  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary connectors and wires  105  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises one or more connectors or wires (indicated by  106  in the figures) to connect to the power supply  96 . Connectors and wires  106  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary connectors and wires  106  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see  FIGS. 28 and 29  and below). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an anchor (indicated by  107  in the figures). An anchor  107  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary anchor  107  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 30  and below. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an anchor line (indicated by  108  in the figures). An anchor line  108  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary anchor line  108  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 30  and below. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an anchor connector (indicated by  109  in the figures). An anchor connector  109  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary anchor connector  109  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 30  and below. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a container  4  comprises manhole or port (indicated by  77  in the figures) as an opening. A manhole or port  77 , typically is found at large containers  4 , such as tanks and fermenters having a solid lid  29  or are otherwise fully enclosed (other than the manhole or port  77  itself). A manhole or port  77  can be positioned at a container  4  at various locations, preferably at a position close to the periphery of the upper part of the container  4  as exemplary depicted in  FIGS. 25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48 . A manhole or port can also be located at a lower portion of a side wall of a container  4 , as exemplary depicted in  FIGS. 32, 33, 41, and 48 . The manhole or port  77  is wide enough to allow insertion of a UV device of the present invention (e.g., see  FIGS. 25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44, and 48 ). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster line (indicated by  111  in the figures). A UV lamp cluster line  111  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary UV lamp cluster line  111  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 30  and below. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a twist lock (indicated by  116  in the figures). A twist lock  116  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary twist lock  116  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 34  and below. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an interface (indicated by  117  in the figures). An interface, e.g., permits a user to activate a UV device, by e.g., pushing a start button. An interface, e.g., permits a user to inactivate a UV device, by e.g., pushing a stop button. An interface, e.g., permits a user to set the time it takes to perform a sterilization cycle. An interface, e.g., permits a user to read the time remaining to complete a sterilization cycle. An interface  117  can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary interface  117  are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in  FIG. 34  and below. Another touchscreen interface as used exemplary in a UV device system comprising an external control box  127 , is indicated by  135  in  FIGS. 49 and 51 . The touchscreen interface is adapted to provide various inputs for functionalities as described herein. 
     Some UV devices of the present invention comprise an easily accessible control box with an on-off switch to activate and shut off (deactivate) the UV lamps. Further, UV devices comprise circuitry for activating and shutting off (deactivating) the UV lamps. The control box may include a lamp indicator light to show whether power is being sent to the UV device. 
     Additional components attached to a UV device or a system of the present invention are shown in  FIGS. 49-68 . 
     H. Positioning of a UV Light Source 
     As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the positioning of a UV light source at a desired or predetermined position for the UV sterilization of a container will be determined by e.g., the shape and volume (dimension) of the container, vessel, steel type used, and the shape, size and power output of the UV light source. Given the guidance provided herein, one of ordinary kill in the art will be able to properly position one or more UV light sources to achieve a desired level of sanitization, a desired killing or growth inhibition of one or more microorganisms using a method of the invention. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is suspended from a removable lid of a container of various dimensions. 
     In other embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is suspended from a fixed or hinged lid of a container of various dimensions. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device is portable. A portable UV device can be transported between different vessels, vats and facilities. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, e.g., when a UV device is used to sterilize a rather large container, the UV light source may be moved within the container from a first position to a second position and from a second position to a third position. This is demonstrated, for example in  FIGS. 21 to 25 , showing a UV device in various positions and configurations, e.g., folded position ( FIG. 21 ), load position ( FIG. 22 ), payout position or first vertical downwards position ( FIG. 23 ), horizontal position ( FIG. 24 ), and lamp down position or second vertical downwards position ( FIG. 25 ). For example, as shown in  FIGS. 25, 29, 41, 44, and 48 , the UV light source is positioned in the approximate middle (center position) of a container  4  to practice a method of the invention. The height within a container at which a UV light source is positioned may also depend on the shape and volume (dimension) of the container, vessel, steel type used, and the shape, size and power output of the UV light source. For example, UV device Models BM1 and BM2 (described below in greater detail) permit descending a UV light source to a desired position within a container  4  by moving the UV light source from a first vertical position downwardly to a second vertical position within the container  4 . Likewise, UV device Model BM3 (described below in greater detail) optionally permits ascending a UV light source to a desired position within a container  4  by moving the UV light source from a first vertical position upwardly to a second vertical position within the container  4 . 
     Further, as demonstrated by UV device Model BM3, when placed on the floor of a container  4  (see  FIG. 48 ), a plurality of wheels  114  attached to the frame of that device, permits the UV device to be moved into any desired position on the floor of the container  4  and subsequently deploy the UV light source so that it can be positioned at any desirable position within the container. 
     As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the positioning of a UV light source at a desired or predetermined position for the UV sterilization of a room, a space or a defined environment will be determined by, e.g., the shape and dimension of the room, space or a defined environment to be sanitized, and the shape, size and power output of the UV light source. Given the guidance provided herein, one of ordinary kill in the art will be able to properly position one or more UV lamps to achieve the desired killing or growth inhibition of one or more microorganisms using a method of the invention. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is suspended from a ceiling of a room of various dimensions. In other embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is suspended from a fixed or hinged connecting part within a housing of various dimensions. An exemplary embodiment is shown in  FIG. 27 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device is portable. A portable UV device can be transported between different rooms, spaces and defined environments. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, e.g., when a UV device is used to sterilize a rather large room, space or defined environment, the UV light source may be moved within the room, space or defined environment from a first position to a second position and from a second position to a third position. As described herein, for a large container, large room, or large defined environment, a UV device may be positioned on a bottom surface of such large container, large room, or large defined environment using an extension tool, as exemplary shown in  FIGS. 62-67 . 
     I. Multiple UV Lamps/UV Light Sources 
     For use in the methods of the present invention, UV light sources, also referred to herein as UV lamps, can be configured in a variety of ways in a UV device. The configuration of one or more UV lamps within a UV device is referred to herein also as a UV lamp assembly or UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments of the present invention more than one UV lamp is used for the sterilization of a container, a room, a space or defined environment. Multiple UV lamps can be clustered together or spaced apart either symmetrically or asymmetrically in order to achieve the desired reduction in microorganisms in a timely and efficient manner. 
     For example,  FIGS. 2 and 3  depict embodiments of the present invention where the UV assembly consists of a single UV lamp.  FIGS. 4, 51-61, and 63-67  depict embodiments of the present invention showing a UV lamp assembly having four UV lamps.  FIG. 5  depicts an embodiment of the present invention showing a UV lamp assembly having eight UV lamps arranged in an octagonal configuration. In addition, as depicted in  FIG. 5 , an additional UV lamp may be attached to a support plate. Those UV lamps are typically mounted to a frame  6 , as shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 4, 5, 14, 15, 21-25  or an upper and lower frame as shown in  FIGS. 5161 and 63-67 .  FIGS. 21-25 and 42-48  depict an embodiment of the present invention showing eight UV lamps attached to a frame  3  and an upper plate  42 .  FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67  depict a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, a member of a UVT-4 family UV device, showing four UV lamps, of which tow UV lamps are attached to a lower frame  146  and two are attached to an upper frame. Alternatively, those UV lamps are attached to or enclosed in a housing  2 , as shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 2, 3, 6-13, 16, 21-25, 42-45, 51-61 and 63-67 . When more than one UV lamp is used in an UV assembly or in a method of the present invention, each UV lamp may be the same or different. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention a UV device comprises more than one UV lamp. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, four UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, five UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, six UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, seven UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, eight UV lamps are clustered together. The clustering of the lamps may be at perpendicular angles as shown in  FIG. 4  or at any other angle (e.g.,  FIGS. 21-25, 27, 32, 33, 45, and 48 ). The more than one UV lamps in a UV lamp cluster can be positioned to each other at various angles ranging from about 5 to about 45 degree, preferably from about 10 to about 30 degree, more preferably from about 15 to about 20 degree. In some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps are positioned to each other in an about 5 degree angle. In some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps are positioned to each other in an about 10 degree angle. In some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps are positioned to each other in an about 15 degree angle. In some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps are positioned to each other in an about 20 degree angle. In some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps are positioned to each other in an about 25 degree angle. 
     In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, four UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, five UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, six UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, seven UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, eight UV lamps are attached to a bracket. The UV lamps may be attached to a means for attaching the UV device to a container, e.g., a bracket as shown in  FIGS. 1-5, and 10-15 , which typically, but not always, comprises mounting the UV lamp to a housing or frame and mounting the housing or frame to the bracket. Other embodiments for attaching a UV light source, such as a UV lamp cluster, to a means for attaching the UV device to a container, are shown in  FIGS. 21-25 and 42-48 . 
     In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to a frame. Four UV lamps may be attached to a frame as shown exemplary in  FIGS. 4-9, 12, and 15 . In some embodiments, at least five UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at least six UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at least seven UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at least eight UV lamps are attached to a frame. Eight UV lamps may be attached to a frame as shown exemplary in  FIGS. 5, 13, 21-25 and 42-48 . In the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 21-25 and 42-48 , the UV lamps are also attached to an upper plate  42 . 
     In a non-limiting example of a member of a UVT-4 family of UV devices, two UV lamps are attached in a parallel configuration to a lower frame and two UV lamps are attached in a parallel configuration to an upper frame (see  FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67 ). 
     In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least five UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least six UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least seven UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least eight UV lamps are attached to a housing.  FIG. 27  depicts an embodiment of the present invention where a UV assemble comprises 15 UV lamps, arranged in five UV lamp clusters each having three UV lamps and of which one UV lamp cluster is stationary and four UV lamp clusters are movable. In this embodiment, a light box  79 , comprising a back wall  80  for mounting to the ceiling of a room is considered an equivalent of a housing  2 .  FIG. 27  depicts a UV device mountable to a ceiling or wall of a room, a space or defined environment. 
     J. UV Lamp Cluster 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp is configured into a UV lamp cluster. Increasing the number of UV lamps increases the intensity of UV light emitted throughout the tank or container. For packaging purposes, multiple short UV lamps are preferable to fewer long UV lamps. The increased UV intensity decreases the time necessary for sterilization or sanitization. 
     Exemplary UV lamp clusters of a UV device are shown in  FIGS. 2-25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 37-48, 51-61 and 63-67 . While  FIG. 20  shows that the UV lamps are not in a housing, in some embodiments UV lamps may be in a protective housing (e.g.,  FIGS. 21-25, 27, 28-35, 37-40A, 42, 43, 51-61 and 63-67 ). In some embodiments, UV lamps assembled into a UV lamp cluster are spring loaded. As they emerge from the housing, they spring out to a relatively optimal angle of 15 degrees. Other preferred angles are 10 degrees, 11 degrees, 12 degrees, 13 degrees, 14 degrees, 16 degrees, 17 degrees, 18 degrees, 19 degrees, and 20 degrees. These angles are preferred as they allow for good UV coverage on both horizontal and vertical surfaces of a container. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, UV lamp clusters can move out of a housing due to being attached via a hinge mechanism, i.e., wherein the UV device comprises, for example, a hinge or a UV lamp module swing  81 , allowing the so attached UV lamps/UV lamp cluster to move from a closed position (e.g., when not in use) into an exposed position (i.e., for sanitization). An exemplary embodiment of such a UV device is shown in  FIG. 27 . 
     In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster is lowered into a container on a rope. 
     K. Scissor Boom 
     In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV device comprises one or more means for moving a UV light source to a predetermined position, typically to a predetermined position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. A means for moving the UV light source can be a means for moving the UV light source to vertical downwards position in a container, room, space or defined environment. Another means for moving the UV light source can be a means for moving the UV light source to a horizontal position in a container, a room, a space or defined environment. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises more than one means for moving a UV light source to a predetermined position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. For example, a UV device may comprise a means for moving the UV light source to a first vertical downwards position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The UV device may also comprise a means for moving the UV light source from the first vertical position to a horizontal position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The UV device may also comprise a means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a means for moving a UV light source to a predetermined position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment and is referred to as a scissor boom. 
     A scissor boom comprises a first end and a second end. The first end is also referred to as inner end, and the second end is also referred to as outer end. 
     In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least one scissor unit between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least two scissor units between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least three scissor units between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least four scissor units between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least five scissor units between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least ten scissor units between its first end and second end. A scissor unit can be made from any material. A preferred scissor bracket is a metal bracket. In some embodiments, a metal bracket is an aluminum bracket. Aluminum brackets are particularly preferred based on low cost and low weight. Preferred are also carbon fiber brackets. The scissor units are connected to each other by pivots. The pivots allow the horizontal extension of the scissor boom units. 
     The dimensions of a scissor boom for use in the methods of the present invention are not limited. A scissor boom may have various dimensions and may extend for several feet. A non-limiting scissor boom constructed by the Applicant measures about 10″ by 10″ by 50″ in its retracted position and can extend over 15 feet. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, an actuator unit is mounted to the first end of the scissor boom. An exemplary, non-limiting, embodiment of a linear actuator  37  is shown in  FIG. 19 . An actuator of the present invention operates by conversion of a rotary motion into a linear motion. An actuator extends the scissor boom and the extent of the expansion is determined by a sensor. 
     In some embodiments, a UV lamp  5  is mounted to the second end of the scissor boom. In some embodiments of this UV device, the UV lamp  5  is housed in a housing (e.g.,  FIG. 19 ). In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster  41  (i.e., more than one UV lamp) is mounted to the second end of the scissor boom. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least two germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least three germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least four germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least five germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises two germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises three germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises four germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises five germicidal UV light sources. 
     In some embodiments of this UV device, the UV lamp cluster  41  is housed in a UV lamp cluster housing  36  ( FIG. 19 ). In some embodiments, the first end of the scissor boom is attached to an additional bracket mounted to a container (e.g., an adjusting bracket  24  as shown in  FIG. 10 ) so that the scissor boom can be moved up and down via sliding rails  39  located at the inner end of the scissor boom ( FIG. 19 ). 
     A scissor boom of the present invention can move (a) horizontally from an interior position of a container (i.e., from its folded position,  FIG. 19A ) towards the inner wall of the container (i.e., into its extended position,  FIG. 19B ) via slide rail  40 , (b) vertically along sliding rails  39  in an up and down movement, and (c) in a circular motion when the scissor boom is fixed at a desired vertical position in the container and in its extended position. In the embodiments where the UV lamp(s) are within a housing, upon reaching the desired position, the UV lamp(s) are released and the housing is removed. 
     L. UV Lamp Cluster Assembly Combined with Scissor Boom 
     In some embodiments, a UV device of the present invention comprises a UV lamp cluster and a scissor boom. In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster comprise three UV lamps. In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster comprise four UV lamps. In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster comprise five UV lamps. The function of the scissor boom mechanism is to move the UV lamps horizontally across the top of a container and position the UV lamps to the central axis of the container. A linear actuator ( 37  in  FIG. 19 ) pushes the scissor mechanism up and down a slide rail ( 39  in  FIG. 19 ) allowing the length of the scissor to be varied according to the diameter of the container. Slide rails ( 40  in  FIG. 19 ) on the second side of the scissor boom allow the system to expand and contract in length. Once in place, the UV lamp cluster is dropped from its housing, if present ( 36 , in  FIG. 19 ), and lowered down the central axis of the container. 
     The UV lamp cluster may be housed in a protective housing  36  ( FIG. 19 ) and can be attached to a winch at the second end of a scissor mechanism. Once the linear actuator extends the scissor boom to the central position in the tank, the winch drops the UV lamp cluster from the protective cover. As this occurs, the UV lamps will spring out into a tripod configuration in case three UV lamps were clustered ( FIG. 20B ). An algorithm based on the diameter and depth of the tank will determine the speed at which the winch lowers and raises the tripod configuration. These distances may be determined either by ultrasonic or laser range finders. As the winch retracts the lamp back into the protective housing, the lamps are forced back into a vertical position and secured in that position by the lower plate ( FIG. 20A ). The scissor arm is then retracted and the system can be removed from the tank. 
     The entire UV device unit can be mounted to the port of a tank via either a molding attached to the slide rails. This molding or bracket can be made from a variety of materials, including various polymers, aluminum or other metals or carbon fiber. Preferably, it will be made for the lightest and most cost effective material. The standard access port on most modern tanks is offset to one side of the tank and is 18″ in diameter. 
     M. UV Device with Telescoping Arm 
     In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV device comprises a means for moving a UV light source to a predetermined position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment and is referred to herein as a UV device with telescoping arm. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV device comprises a UV light source that is attached to a telescopic arm  46 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  corresponds to a central sleeve  12  (as shown exemplary in  FIGS. 7-11 ), comprising two or more movable units, referred to herein as telescoping units  47 . Exemplary embodiments of a UV device comprising a telescopic arm  46  are shown in various configurations in  FIGS. 21-25 . 
       FIGS. 21-25  depict several views of an exemplary embodiment of a UV device of the present invention comprising a telescopic arm as a means for moving a UV light source or a UV lamp cluster to a desired position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The UV device is shown schematically in various configurations: in its folded position ( FIG. 21 ), in its load position ( FIG. 22 ), in its payout position ( FIG. 23 ), in its horizontal position ( FIG. 24 ), and in its UV lamp down position ( FIG. 25 ). While  FIGS. 21-25  show a UV device comprising a telescopic arm and a UV lamp cluster having eight UV lamps, any number of UV lamps can be attached to a UV device having a telescopic arm  46 . 
     The telescopic arm  46  comprises two or more telescoping units  47 . The number of telescoping units is not important for practicing the methods of the present invention as long as the telescoping units  47  can be used to move the UV light source to a desired position within a container (e.g., see  FIGS. 21-25 ), a room, a space or defined environment. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises two or more telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises two telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises three telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises four telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises five telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises six telescoping units  47 . An example of a telescopic arm  46  comprising six telescoping units  47  is shown in  FIGS. 21-25 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises seven telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises eight telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises nine telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises ten telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the telescopic arm  46  comprises more than ten telescoping units  47 . 
     The form of the telescoping units  47  is not important for practicing the methods of the present invention as long as the telescoping units  47  can be used to move the UV light source to a desired (also referred to as predetermined) position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The telescoping units  47  can be of any form. For example, in some embodiments, the telescoping units  47  are square. In some embodiments, the telescoping units  47  are rectangular. In some embodiments, the telescoping units  47  are round. In some embodiments, the telescoping units  47  are oval. In one embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, exemplified in  FIGS. 21-25 , the telescoping units  47  are square. 
     The dimensions of the telescoping units  47  are not important for practicing the methods of the present invention as long as the telescoping units  47  can be used to move the UV light source to a desired position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The telescoping units  47  may have various dimensions. Typically a telescoping unit  47  having the smallest diameter, D 1 , is surrounded by a telescoping unit  47  having a larger diameter, D 2 , which in turn is surrounded by a telescoping unit  47  having a larger diameter, D 3 , which in turn is surrounded by a telescoping unit  47  having a larger diameter, D 4 , and so on. An exemplary embodiment thereof, showing six telescoping units  47  of different diameters, is shown in  FIGS. 21-25 . In the embodiment shown schematically in  FIGS. 21-25  and produced by the inventor, the diameter D 1  of the inner telescoping unit  47  is about 20×20 mm, the diameter D 2  of the next larger telescoping unit  47  is about 30×30 mm, the diameter D 3  of the next larger telescoping unit  47  is about 40×40 mm, the diameter D4 of the next larger telescoping unit  47  is about 50×50 mm, the diameter D5 of the next larger telescoping unit  47  is about 60×60 mm, and the diameter D6 of the next larger telescoping unit  47  is about 70×70 mm. In the embodiment shown schematically in  FIGS. 21-25  and produced by the inventor, the length of the telescoping unit  47  is about 3 feet each. Each telescoping unit  47  may, however, be of a different length, i.e., longer or shorter than 3 feet. 
     Each telescoping unit  47  has two ends, a first end and a second end, with which they are connected to another telescoping unit  47  or to a UV light source with respect to the inner telescoping unit  47  or to a means for attaching the UV device to a container, such as a hanger with respect to the outer telescoping unit  47  (see  FIGS. 21-25 ). Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, as exemplified in  FIGS. 21-25 , the UV light source is connected to a first end of the inner telescoping unit  47 . More specifically with respect to the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 21-25 , the UV light source is connected to the inner telescoping unit  47  having a diameter Di, the second end of the inner (or smallest in diameter) telescoping unit  47  having a diameter Di is connected to the first end of a telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D2, the second end of the telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D2 is connected to the first end of a telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D3, the second end of the telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D3 is connected to the first end of a telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D4, the second end of the telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D4 is connected to the first end of a telescoping unit  47  having a diameter Ds, and the second end of the telescoping unit  47  having a diameter Ds is connected to the first end of a telescoping unit  47  having a diameter D6. 
     The most outer (or largest in diameter) telescoping unit  47  is attached to a telescopic arm pivot  73 , which in turn is attached to the means for attaching the UV device to a container  4 , such as hanger as exemplified in  FIGS. 21-25 . The telescopic pivot arm  73  allows the UV device to be moved from a vertical position to a horizontal position and vice versa so that the UV light source can be positioned at a desired position within a container (see  FIGS. 21-25 ), a room, a space or defined environment. 
     While the embodiment of the UV device having a telescopic arm shown in  FIGS. 21-25  shows the telescopic unit  47  having the smallest diameter as the inner telescoping unit  47  and attached to the UV light source, in some embodiments it is the telescopic unit  47  having the largest diameter which is attached to the UV light source. In this embodiment, the telescopic unit  47  having the smallest diameter is attached to the telescopic arm pivot. 
     The telescopic (used herein interchangeably with the term “telescoping”) arm  46  and the telescoping units  47  can be of any material as long as the material is strong enough allowing the moving of the UV light source to a desired position as described herein. A preferred material is metal. 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIGS. 21-25 , UV lamps  5  are clustered in a UV lamp cluster and are enclosed within a housing  2 , such as a UV mesh cage, which allows the UV light to pass through. In some embodiments, the UV lamps  5  are attached to a frame  6 , and to an upper plate  42 . The upper plate  42  is connected to a UV lamp pivot arm  49  allowing the UV lamp cluster to be positioned in a desired position and orientation. In a preferred orientation, as shown e.g., in  FIGS. 24 and 25 , the UV light source points towards the bottom of a container. 
     In some embodiments, the UV lamp pivot arm  49  is attached to a UV lamp stop block  50 . The UV lamp stop block  50  stops the UV light source from being retracted too high into the telescoping arm  46 . 
     In some embodiments, a means for attaching the UV device to a container, i.e., referred to as hanger in  FIGS. 21-25 , is used to attach the UV device to a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The hanger can be attached to a pulley mount arm  51 , to which also other parts of the UV device can be attached, such as the motorized unit  1  (also referred to as motor) and a winch  48 . In some embodiments, the hanger comprises one or more hanger support bars  52  and a clamp post  53  for firmly attaching the UV device to a container, a room, a space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention the means for moving the UV light source to a desired position within a container, a room, a space or defined environment is the telescopic arm  46 . The telescoping units  47  of the telescopic arm  46  can be moved either manually, by gravity, or with a motorized unit  1  (also referred to as motor). In some embodiments, the motorized unit  1  is attached to a reel assembly  54  and also permits moving the UV light source from a horizontal position to a vertical downwards position within the container (as described further herein) a room, a space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments, the reel assembly  54  is attached to a pulley mount arm  51 . In some embodiments, the reel assembly comprises one or more of the following: a reel assembly motor mount  55 , a reel assembly idler post  57  for mounting the reel assembly  54  to the pulley mount bar  51 , a reel assembly top plate  58 , one or more reel assembly flanges  59 , a reel assembly hub  60 , and a reel assembly drive post  61 . A preferred configuration of those parts is shown in  FIGS. 21-25 . 
     The motorized unit  1  or gravity or a winch (manually) extends the telescoping arm  46  comprising of multiple telescoping units  47  from a folded position ( FIG. 21 ) and load position ( FIG. 22 ) into the payout position ( FIG. 23 ). In some embodiments, the motor  1  is connected to a reel assembly  54  (shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 21  E-G). In some embodiments, the motor  1  connects to the reel assembly  54  via a reel assembly motor unit  55  and a motor coupler  56 . 
     In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV device comprises a means for moving a UV light source from a vertical downwards position (also referred sometimes as first vertical downwards position) into a horizontal position. In some embodiments the means for moving the UV light source from the vertical downwards position into the horizontal position is a winch  48 . In other embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the vertical position into the horizontal position is a motorized unit or a motor. A winch  48  may be operated manually by hand. 
     In some embodiments, a winch  48  is attached to the pulley mount arm  51  and moves the telescoping arm  46  and the telescoping units  47  from the payout position ( FIG. 23 ; also referred to as first vertical downward position) into a horizontal position ( FIG. 24 ). In some embodiments, a winch  48  comprises one or more of the following: a winch pulley guide  62 , a winch guide pulley shaft  63 , a winch shaft  64 , a winch hub  65 , a winch top plate  66 , one or more winch flanges  67 , a winch ratchet retainer  68 , a pawl  69 , and a crank or handle  70 . A preferred configuration of those parts is shown in  FIGS. 21-25 . A winch guide pulley shaft  63  allows the winch pulley guide  62  to rotate and reduce friction. In some embodiments, the winch shaft  64  allows the winch hub  65  to spin and wind and unwind a cable  7 . Cable  7  typically wraps around winch hub  65 . A winch top plate  66  adds structural integrity to the winch assembly  48 . A winch ratchet retainer  68  keeps the ratchet from slipping off In some embodiments, cable  7  connects the winch  48 , more specifically, the winch hub  65  with the UV light source so that the UV light source can be moved e.g., from the horizontal position ( FIG. 24 ) towards the bottom of the container, i.e., to a vertical position, more specifically, to a second vertical downwards position. The length of the cable  7  is sufficient to allow the UV light source to be moved from the horizontal position to a position close to the bottom of the container, i.e., into a second vertical downwards position and back into its horizontal position (see  FIG. 25 ). 
     In some embodiments, the outer telescoping unit  47  of the telescopic arm  46  is attached to the bottom part of the pulley mount arm  51  by one or more cross member support bars  71  and a cross bar stop plate  72 . One end of the outer telescopic unit  47  is connected to a telescopic arm pivot  73  allowing the telescoping arm to be moved from the loaded ( FIG. 22 ) or layout position ( FIG. 23 ) into a horizontal position ( FIG. 24 ). 
     In some embodiments, a UV device having a telescopic arm comprises one or more of the following: a lifting eye  74  having a lifting eye base  75  and a lifting eye side support  76  (e.g.,  FIGS. 21E , F). In some embodiments, the lifting eye  74  is attached to the outer telescoping unit  47  and to the pulley mount arm  51 . The lifting eye  74  allows carrying and transporting the UV device when not in use. 
     1. Load Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm 
     Generally, the positioning of a UV light source described herein into a desired or predetermined position can be done manually, by gravity, or by using a motor. 
     Unless permanently attached to a container, when practicing a method of the present invention, a UV device will be attached to a container  4  In  FIG. 22 , the attachment is schematically shown for a UV device having a telescopic arm  46  and referred to as load position. In the load position some parts of the UV device, such as the telescopic arm  46  and the UV light source  5  are movably inserted through an opening at the container, such as a manhole or port  77  so that the telescopic arm pivot  73  is below the manhole  77 . 
     2. Payout Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm (First Vertical Position) 
     Once attached to a container  4  and released from its load configuration (see,  FIG. 22 ), the telescoping units  47  of the telescopic arm  46  can movably position the UV light source  5  (e.g., a UV lamp cluster) to any desired position within a container and for practicing the methods of the present invention. In some embodiments for practicing methods of the present invention, the UV lamp cluster is moved from its released or load configuration vertically downwards towards the bottom of the container. This vertical extension of the telescoping units  47  (units that can be moved into each other) is shown schematically in  FIG. 22 . One or more interior telescoping units  47  move outwards of the telescoping arm  46  into a vertical downwards position. 
     When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present having a telescopic arm  46 , the UV device is moved from its load position into its payout position. A UV device of the present invention in its payout position is schematically shown in  FIG. 23 . As described herein, a means for moving the UV light source to a first vertical downwards position moves the UV source into that position. In some embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source to the first vertical downwards position is the telescopic arm  46  having telescoping units  47 . In some embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source to a first vertical downwards position is gravity. 
     The extent of the downward movement of the UV light source is determined by a premounted radiofrequency identification chip (RFID chip) which contains information about the dimensions of the container and relays that information to a circuit board on the UV device. The extent of the first downward movement of the UV light source is determined mainly by the diameter of the container and typically is about one half of the diameter of the container. For example, if the container has a diameter of 20 feet, the extent of the first downward movement of the UV light source is about 10 feet. This will guarantee that upon moving the UV light source into the horizontal position (see below), the UV light source will be positioned in the approximate center of the container. 
     3. Horizontal Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm 
     When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present having a telescopic arm  46 , the UV device (and as such, the UV light source) is moved from its payout position (i.e., first vertical downwards position) into its horizontal position. The invention contemplates various means for moving the UV light source from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position. A UV device of the present invention in its horizontal position is schematically shown in  FIG. 24 . As described herein, a means for moving the UV light source from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position is a winch. In some embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position is a motorized unit, 
     Upon activating the means for moving the UV light source from the first vertical downwards position to the horizontal position, the UV device pivots at the telescopic arm pivot  73  and the telescopic arm  46  and its telescopic units  47  move from the first vertical downwards position to the horizontal position. After positioning the UV device in its horizontal position, the UV light source faces downwards into the container and ideally is positioned within the approximate center of the container to be sterilized (see  FIG. 25 ). 
     The UV light source may be activated at any time while practicing a method of the present invention. In some embodiments, when the UV light source is positioned in its horizontal position within the container, the UV light source is activated. 
     4. Lamp Down Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm (Second Vertical Position) 
     When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present having a telescopic arm  46 , the UV device is moved from its horizontal position to its lamp down position, also referred to herein as second vertical downwards position. The invention contemplates various means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal downwards position to the lamp down position. A UV device of the present invention in its second vertical downwards position is schematically shown in  FIG. 25 . In some embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal position to the second vertical downwards position is a motorized unit or a motor. In other embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal position to the second vertical downwards position is gravity. In some embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal position to the second vertical downwards position is a winch. 
     When the UV light source is moved towards the second vertical downwards position, a cable  7  connecting the UV light source  5  with the reel assembly  54 , and the reel assembly hub  60  rolls off from the reel assembly hub  60  and moves the UV light source  5  downwards towards the bottom of the container. In some embodiments, the time for the downwards movement of the UV light source is controlled by a radiofrequency identification chip (RFID chip) or tag, which contain information about the UV lamps used and dimensions of the container and relays that information to a circuit board on the UV device and/or to the motor if a motor is being used for moving the UV light source into its second vertical downwards position. 
     As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the larger the radius of the container is (i.e., the distance of the UV light source to the interior wall of the container), the slower the speed will be with which the UV light source is moved from its horizontal position into its second vertical downwards position. Accordingly, the larger the radius of the container is, the longer the descent will be with which the UV light source is moved from its horizontal position into its second vertical downwards position. The speed of the downwards movement or the descent of the UV light source is adjusted to guarantee that the growth of one or more microorganism located on an interior surface of the container is inhibited as described herein. In some non-limiting examples, the speed with which the UV light source is moved from its horizontal position into its second downwards vertical position is 12 inches per minute. 
     Once the method of the invention has been practiced, the UV device is moved from its lamp-down position (second vertical downwards position) into its horizontal position, then into its payout position (first vertical downwards position) and then into its load position. At that time, the UV device can be detached from the container or can remain attached to the container until the next use. 
     While moving into its second vertical downwards position, the UV light source remains activated to perform a method of the present invention, i.e., the UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container. 
     5. Additional Vertical Movements 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises a UV lamp and a means for vertically moving the UV lamp from an upper position within a container to a lower position of the container. The same means for moving the UV lamp from the upper position within a container, room, space or defined environment to the lower position of the container, room, space or defined environment can be used to move the UV lamp from the lower position within the container, room, space or defined environment to an upper position of the container, room, space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for moving a UV lamp from an upper position within a container, room, space or defined environment to a lower position within a container, room, space or defined environment and/or from a lower position within a container, room, space or defined environment to an upper position within a container, room, space or defined environment is by using an actuator. Thus, in some embodiments, a scissor boom comprises an actuator. An exemplary scissor boom is shown in  FIG. 19 . A preferred means for effectuating the vertical movement of the scissor boom is an actuator. 
     An actuator is a mechanical device for moving a UV lamp to a desired position within a container. In some embodiments, the actuator is a linear actuator. An actuator of the present invention actuates up and down (or in a lateral direction) and moves a cross bar with it effectively extending and retracting a scissor mechanism ( FIG. 19 ). 
     In some embodiments, the linear actuator is mounted to a bracket. 
     In some embodiments, the linear actuator  37  is a DC linear actuator. In some embodiments, the linear actuator  37  is an AC linear actuator. 
     The force of the actuator can vary significantly, however, will be sufficient to move a UV lamp to a desired position within a container. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 100 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 200 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 300 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 500 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 750 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 1,000 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 1,200 lbs. 
     6. Additional Horizontal Movements 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises a UV lamp and a means for horizontally moving the UV lamp from an inner position of a container to an outer position of the container. The same means for moving the UV lamp from the inner position of the container to the outer position of the container can be used to move the UV lamp from the outer position of the container to an inner position of the container. 
     Effectuating a horizontal movement of a scissor boom, i.e., extending a scissor boom from its folded position to its extended position can be done manually or via a motorized unit. Manual extension of a scissor boom to a desired position can be done when the distance between the UV lamp(s) and the inner wall of the container is constant, i.e., in a container with straight walls and where the interior diameter throughout the height of a container will be constant. 
     Some containers, such as wooden wine barrels, however, often do not have straight walls. In those containers, the interior diameter of a container varies. The diameter typically is smallest at the top and bottom of the container and the greatest at the middle of the container. For those containers a controllable motorized extension and retraction of the scissor boom is preferred. 
     Thus, in some embodiments extending a scissor boom to a desired position is performed by a motorized unit, also referred to as a motor unit. In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises a motor unit for effectuating the horizontal movement of a UV lamp mounted to a second end of the scissor boom to an inner wall of a container. The motor unit then essentially expands the scissor units of the scissor boom so that the UV lamp(s) mounted at the opposite end (outer end) of the scissor boom than the motor unit can be positioned at a desired position within a container. Upon activation of the scissor mechanism, the one or more UV lamps attached to the outer end of the scissor boom move from its (their) folded position ( FIG. 19A ) towards an extended position ( FIG. 19B ). This movement is horizontally towards the inner wall of a container (and backwards to its folded position). In its extended position, the UV lamps of the scissor boom are close to the inner wall of the container so that when activated (switched on), the desired effect on the microorganisms present on the wall of the container will be achieved (as described herein). 
     In some embodiments, the motorized unit is attached to the first end of scissor boom. In some embodiments, a sensor is attached to the scissor boom. The sensor can be attached to the second end of the scissor boom, e.g., in close proximity to a UV lamp. In some embodiments, the sensor, such as a laser range finder described herein, is attached to sliding rail  40 . The sensor measures the distance from the UV lamp(s) to the wall of the container. The sensor is connected to the motorized unit for extending and retracting the scissor boom. The sensor effectively guarantees that the UV lamp(s) are positioned in the same distance to the inner wall of the container. In case where the sensor senses that the UV lamp(s) is too far away from the inner wall of the container, it sends a signal to the motor unit, which then extends the scissor mechanism accordingly allowing the UV lamp(s) to be moved closer to the inner wall of the container until a desired position is achieved. Likewise, should the sensor sense that the UV lamp(s) are too close to the inner wall of the container, it sends a signal to the motor unit, which then retracts the scissor mechanism accordingly allowing the UV lamp(s) to move further away from the inner wall of the container until a desired position is achieved. Thus, the sensor is connected to the motor unit. 
     A preferred means for effectuating the horizontal movement of the scissor boom is an actuator. 
     7. Circular Movement 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises a UV lamp and a means for circular moving one or more UV lamp(s) from one position within a container, room, space or defined environment to another position of the container, room, space or defined environment. A motorized unit (motor unit) can be used to effectuate the circular movement of the one or more UV lamp(s). Preferably, a sensor is attached to the second end of the scissor boom and sends signals to a second motorized unit (motor unit) for extending and/or retracting the scissor mechanisms to adjust for the respective distance between the UV lamp(s) and the inner wall of the container, room, space or defined environment. 
     A scissor boom can be mounted at its first end to an inner wall of a container, room, space or defined environment or to a (removable) bracket as shown e.g., in  FIG. 10  for a container. When mounted to an inner wall of a container at a first position or a bracket, the circular motion of the scissor boom is somewhat limited. The UV lamp(s) will, for example, not cover, and thus, not efficiently sterilize, the wall part of the inner container to which the scissor boom is mounted, i.e., the first position. Microorganisms present at around the first position may not be growth inhibited to the extent desired. This limitation can easily be overcome by mounting the scissor boom to the opposite position of its first mounting position, i.e., into a second position, and repeat the UV sterilization process. 
     To overcome the need for repositioning the scissor boom and to permit a complete circular rotation, in some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom is mounted to a central post, which can be positioned in the center of a container. In this embodiment, the circular motion of the scissor boom is such that it allows to cover  3600  of the container, room, space or defined environment i.e., the complete inner walls of the container, room, space or defined environment. The central post may reach to the bottom of the container and/or may be connected to a lid of the container or, alternatively to a bracket resting on top of the container for stabilization and desired positioning. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the circular movement of a scissor boom (when extended) is done manually by pivoting the UV device. The UV device may be set in a position upon installation in the center of a container, room, space or defined environment that will allow the scissor boom to extend from the center of the container, room, space or defined environment to the outer region of the container, room, space or defined environment. Alternatively, the UV device may be set in a position upon installation at a wall of a container, room, space or defined environment that will allow the scissor boom to extend from the wall of the container, room, space or defined environment to the outer region of the container, room, space or defined environment. 
     The speed of the circular motion of the scissor boom is adjusted to obtain a desired effect, i.e., the growth inhibition of microorganisms present on the inner wall of the container, or in a desired area in the room, space or defined environment. 
     While individual parts of UV devices have been set forth herein and described in detail, below, some specific portable UV devices will be described in greater detail below. One of ordinary skill in that art, however, will be able, upon reading this specification to add additional parts and components to those portable UV devices that are not specifically mentioned in the description of those specific portable UV devices. 
     N. UV Device UV55 Family 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device referred to herein as Model UV55 family. An exemplary member of a UV55 device family is schematically depicted in  FIGS. 28 and 29  and explained in detail below and herein. 
     UV device UV55 comprises an 18″ single ended low pressure mercury lamp  5  supplied by Steril-Aire ( FIG. 28H ). The UV lamp  5  is attached to the base of a cylindrical plastic (Delrin) central sleeve  12  by a UV lamp socket or adaptor  94  ( FIG. 28G ) The UV lamp pins  93  plug into the UV lamp socket or adaptor  94  ( FIGS. 28  G, H) The UV lamp socket or adaptor  94  is attached to a cylindrical central sleeve  12  ( FIG. 28G ). 
     The cylindrical central sleeve  12  comprises two cavities, a circuit board cavity  99  and a power supply cavity  100  ( FIG. 28E ). A power supply  96  resides within the power supply cavity  100  ( FIG. 28E ). Within the power supply cavity  100  also reside a connector and wires  105  from the power supply  96  to the UV lamp  5  ( FIG. 28E ). 
     Within the circuit board cavity  99  reside an AC to DC power converter  101 , electronic components  102 , a circuit board  103  as well as a connector and wires  104  from on/off/reset switch  85  and optical switch  98  ( FIG. 28E ) 
     Also within the aforementioned cavities  99  and  100  are connector and wires  106  connecting the power supply  96  and the AC to DC power converter  101  ( FIG. 28E ) 
     Cavities  99  and  100  can be accessed through a power supply access plate  97 , which is screwed by a plurality of screws to the central sleeve  12  to cover the cavities  99  and  100  and protect the power supply  96 , circuit board  103  and other components residing within the cavities  99  and  100  ( FIGS. 28A , E). 
     The top of the UV device embodiment UV55 comprises a hanging hook  84 , and an on/off/reset button  85  ( FIGS. 28A , B, D, F). The on/off/reset button  85  activates and terminates the UV device. The hanging hook  84  is attached to a handle cap  92 , which forms the top part of a handle  91  ( FIGS. 28A , B, D, F). Handle  91  is a narrower extension of the central sleeve  12  ( FIGS. 28A , B, D, F). 
     At the lower end of handle  91  is a metal disc  89  protecting a translucent blue plastic ring  87 , which may or may not comprise a plurality of LED lights inside ( FIGS. 28A , B, D-F). Partially protruding from the translucent blue plastic ring  87  is an entrance for an external power cord  90  ( FIGS. 28A , B, D-F). 
     A stainless steel housing  2  slides over the cylindrical sleeve  12  however does not extend beyond the plastic blue translucent ring  87  ( FIGS. 28A , C, D-G). When the unit is not mounted on the lid  29  of a container  4  (such as a keg, a drum, a barrel, a porta tank, etc.) the stainless steel housing  2  is extended to cover the length of the UV lamp  5  so that none of it is exposed or visible from the outside when the UV device stands on its base plate  10  ( FIG. 28A ). 
     A stopping plate  88  is mounted at the bottom of the central sleeve  12  to prevent the steel housing  2  from sliding off ( FIG. 28C ). 
     A plastic (Delrin) base plate  10  is attached to the bottom of the stainless steel housing  2 . This provides a stable platform for the unit to stand upright when not in use. 
     The UV55 device comprises a central sleeve tightening knob  86  on the side of the stainless steel housing  2 . It locks the housing  2  into a position on the central sleeve  12  at a predetermined position selected by a user. It is tightened by screwing clockwise and loosened by unscrewing counter clockwise. When central sleeve tightening knob  86  is tightened on the stainless steel housing  2  in the fully extended position (housing  2  positioned at the bottom part of central sleeve  12 ; see  FIG. 28A ), the UV device can be stood upright on the plastic base plate  10 . When the central sleeve tightening knob  86  is loosened, the UV device can be mounted over any 2-3″ lid opening  29  and the plastic cylindrical sleeve  12  descends through the steel housing  2  (see  FIGS. 28D, 29 ). Since the UV lamp  5  is attached to the bottom of the central sleeve  12  it will then be residing within the container  4  ( FIG. 29 ). 
     As the stainless steel housing  2  passes over the optical switch  98  within the plastic sleeve  12  it starts a timer controlled by the circuit board  103 . As the timer sequence begins, acoustic and visual signals are generated. The acoustic signal is made audible by an acoustic speaker residing in the handle cap  91 . The optical switch does, however, not start or stop the activation of the UV device. The visual signal leads to the intermittent blinking of a plurality of LED lights residing behind the translucent plastic ring  87 . The blinking of the LED lights indicates how much time has elapsed, i.e., the time a sterilization cycle has been activated. 
     O. UV Device BM1 Family 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIGS. 38-41  and referred to herein as a UV device of the UV device Model BM1 family (“BM1”). This UV device embodiment comprises a housing  2 , which is attached on top of a frame  6  (see  FIGS. 38A , B). The housing  2  harbors and shields a single UV lamp  5  (see  FIGS. 38A , B). As such, in its undeployed state but attached to a container  4 , the UV light source is positioned in a horizontal position with respect to the orientation of the container  4 . The housing  2  conforms to the shape, size and length of the UV lamp  5  (see  FIGS. 38A , B) 
     The frame  6  comprises a first side and a second side, which are connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars  71  (see  FIGS. 38A , B). The frame  6  of BM1 may be described as having an L-shaped form wherein a motorized unit  1 , a mounting bracket  3 , a reel assembly  54 , reel assembly flanges  59 , a handle  91 , a cable tightening spring  123  may be attached to the shorter arm of the L (see  FIGS. 38A , B). The housing  2 , a second cable guide wheel  121  may be attached to the longer arm of the L (see  FIGS. 38A , B). To provide for a light-weight frame  6 , in some embodiments, the frame  6  comprises one or more openings  122  (see  FIGS. 38A , B). The frame  6  can be made of various materials. Non-limiting materials include aircraft aluminum and stainless steel. It can also be made from composite materials, carbon fiber, and polymers. 
     UV device model BM1 comprises a handle  91  attached to frame  6 . Handle  91  conveniently provides for transportation (e.g., hand carrying) and storing BM1. In addition to the handle  91 , BM1 also comprises a mounting bracket  3  as a means for attaching it to an opening (e.g., a manhole or port  77 ) of a container  4 . 
     The UV lamp  5  of UV device Model BM1 is attached to a UV lamp socket/adaptor  94 . UV lamp socket/adaptor  94  is attached to a cable  7 , which in turn is attached to a reel assembly  54  (being flanked by reel assembly flanges  59 ). The cable  7  should not be too thick; otherwise the bend radius will too large and it will be difficult to coil the cable  7  and store it in addition to being too heavy. The cable  7  (and other parts employed in the UV devices described herein) should also be UV resistant, preferably also water resistant. 
     BM1 comprises two cable guide wheels, a first cable guide wheel  120  and a second cable guide wheel  121 . The first cable guide wheel is positioned in close proximity to the reel assembly  54  and may have a single track for guiding cable  7 . The second cable wheel  121  is positioned at the end of the long arm of the L-shaped frame  6  and may comprises a track  124 . 
     Cable  7 , unwinding from reel assembly  54  is guided onto a track on the first cable guide wheel  120 . Upon releasing UV lamp  5  from the housing  2  (see below), UV lamp  5  and cable  7  move onto a first track  124  of the second cable guide wheel  121 . The movement of the UV lamp  5  out of the housing  2  and onto the second cable wheel guide is schematically depicted in  FIG. 40A . Upon further moving out of the housing  2 , UV lamp  5  eventually completely passes over the second cable wheel guide  121  and the cable  7  continues to slide on top of the first track  124  of the second cable wheel guide  121  (see  FIG. 40B ). Thereby the UV lamp  5  is moved from a horizontal position (see  FIG. 40A ) into a first vertical position (see  FIG. 40B ). Upon further descending UV lamp  5  downwardly into the interior of a container, cable  7  further slides on top of the first track  124  of the second cable wheel guide  121  and the UV lamp  5  moves from the first vertical position (see  FIG. 40B ) downwardly into a second vertical position (see  FIG. 40C ). 
     In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UV lamp  5  within the housing  2  is spring-loaded. Upon opening the spring  43 , UV lamp  5  begins moving out of the housing  2 . The moving of UV lamp  5  out of the housing  2  may be further aided a cable tightening spring  123  (see  FIGS. 38A , B). 
     In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, a motorized unit  1  activates the reel assembly  54 . In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UV device comprises an additional motor  133 , which drives its torque perpendicular to its axis (see  FIG. 39B ). 
       FIGS. 39A-C  schematically depict preferred, however, non-limiting dimensions of UV device Model BM1. For example, handle  91  may be about 20″ in width and about 1″ in diameter (see  FIG. 39A ). The first side and the second side of frame  6  may be apart by about 1.75″ (see  FIG. 39B ). The height of UV device Model BM1, measured from the handle  91  in its vertical position and the center of the second cable wheel guide  121  is about between 33″ and 34″ (see  FIG. 39C ) The length of UV device Model BM1, measured from the outmost part of frame  6  at the lower end of its L-shaped form and the center of the second cable wheel guide  121  is about between 77″ and 78″ (see  FIG. 39C ). The second cable wheel guide  121  has a diameter of about between 7″ and 8″ (see  FIG. 39C ). Having provided the above dimensions, one of ordinary skill in the art can determine dimensions of other parts schematically depicted in  FIGS. 39A-C , in addition to conveniently vary the dimensions given in  FIGS. 39A-39C . 
     UV device Model BM1 is designed to be attached to an opening of a container  4 , preferably to an opening, e.g., a manhole or port  77  of a container  4  located on the upper perimeter of the container  4  (see  FIG. 41 ). The attachment of BM1 to the opening of the container is done using the mounting bracket  3 . Once attached, the device is activated and the UV lamp  5  moves out of the housing  2  as described herein. Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamp  5  is moved back into its undeployed configuration (see  FIGS. 38A , B) by reversing the movements described above. The movements may be controlled by a motorized unit  1 . 
     While the above described various parts and features of UV device Model BM1 (see  FIGS. 38A , B), one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UV device Model BM1 depicted schematically in  FIGS. 38-41  may comprise any additional component described herein, such as a circuit board, etc. 
     P. UV Device BM2 Family 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIGS. 42-45  and referred to herein as a UV device of the UV device Model BM2 family (“BM2”). This UV device embodiment comprises a housing  2 , which is attached to a pivot arm  118  (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). The pivot arm  118  is attached to a frame  6  (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). The housing  2  harbors and shields a UV lamp cluster comprising eight (8) UV lamp  5  (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). In its undeployed state but attached to a container  4 , the UV light source is positioned in a horizontal position with respect to the orientation of the container  4 . The housing  2  conforms to the shape, size and length of the UV lamp cluster (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). In the UV device embodiment shown in  FIGS. 42-45 , the housing  2  does not completely shield the UV lamp cluster, but rather provides a three ring like structure surrounding the UV lamp cluster. In other embodiments, the housing  2  completely shields the UV lamp cluster. 
     The frame  6  comprises a first side and a second side, which are connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars  71  (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). The frame  6  of BM2 may be described as having a bended L-shaped form. To provide for a light-weight frame  6 , in some embodiments, the frame  6  comprises one or more openings  122 . (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). 
     In some embodiments of the UV device Model BM2, a box  127  (also referred to as control box) is positioned at the end of the short arm of the “L” of frame  6 . Box  127  can either be permanently attached to the UV device or be attached removably via cables or plugs. Box  127  may include other parts and components of a UV device that may be desirably not be directly attached to the frame  6 . In some embodiments, box  127  comprises a circuit board having a functionality as described herein and being connected to the UV lamp ballast/power supply and motor(s) through electrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments, box  127  comprises a ballast/power supply connected to the UV lamps through electrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments box  127  comprises a motor controlling extension, descent, ascent, and other movements of a UV light source, the motor being connected by electrical cables or connectors to a UV light source (multiple electrical cables, wires or connectors could be integrated and combined into a singular one). The motor is also controlled by the circuit board through electrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments, box  127  comprises a touchscreen user interface. The touchscreen user interface is connected to the circuit board by electrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments of, box  127  comprises a wireless communication device. A wireless communication device includes, but is not limited to, e.g., a wireless transponder and/or transceiver to send or receive wireless signals to a user. The wireless communication device is connected to the circuit board through electrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments, box  127  comprises part selected from the group consisting of a UV detector, a range-finding device, a reel assembly, reel assembly flanges, an optical switch, an AV to DC power converter, and an electronic component. 
     UV device model BM2 comprises a motorized unit  1  attached to frame  6  or box  127  (see  FIGS. 42, 43 ) 
     BM2 also comprises a mounting bracket  3  as a means for attaching it to an opening (e.g., a manhole or port  77 ) of a container  4  (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). 
     On their first end, the UV lamps  5  of UV device Model BM2 are attached to a UV lamp socket/adaptor  94  (see  FIGS. 42, 45 ) UV lamp socket/adaptors  94  are attached to an upper plate  42 , which in turn is attached to a cable  7 . Cable  7  is attached to a reel assembly  54  located within box  127  (as such, reel assembly  54  is not shown in  FIGS. 42-45 ). On their second end, the UV lamps  5  are attached to a lower plate  45 . In some embodiments, attachment of the UV lamps to the lower plate  45  is by springs  43  (see  FIG. 45 ). 
     BM2 comprises two or more cable guide wheels, a first cable guide wheel  128  and a second cable guide wheel  130 , and optionally, a third cable guide wheel  132  (see  FIGS. 42, 43, 45 ). The first cable guide wheel  128  is positioned in between the first and second sides of frame  6 . The first cable guide wheel  128  has a first track  129 , on which the cable  7  can slide (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). The second cable wheel  130  is positioned at the upper end of the pivot arm  118  and comprises a second track  131  on which cable  7  can slide (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). A third cable wheel guide may be positioned in close proximity to the reel assembly  54  and has a third track for guiding cable  7  (see  FIGS. 42, 43, 45 ). 
     Cable  7 , unwinding from reel assembly  54  is guided onto the first track on the first cable guide wheel  128 , further onto the second track on the second cable guide wheel  130  and to its attachment at an upper plate  42 , to which the UV light source is attached (see  FIGS. 42-45 ). In some embodiments, cable  7  slides onto a third track of a third cable guide wheel  132 , as schematically depicted in  FIGS. 42, 43, and 45 . 
     When UV device Model BM2 is attached to an opening of a container  4  in its undeployed position, the UV light source will be positioned in a horizontal position with respect to the container  4 . BM2 comprises a pivot arm  118  as a means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal position (see  FIG. 42 ) into a first vertical position (see  FIG. 43 ). Upon moving the pivot arm, the housing  2 , which is attached to the pivot arm also moves into a first vertical position and the second cable guide wheel  130  moves into an upwardly position (compare  FIG. 42  to  FIG. 43 ). As schematically depicted in  FIG. 44 , after attaching the UV device to an opening (e.g., manhole or port  77 ) of a container  4  and upon further unwinding of rope  7  from a reel assembly, the UV light source (in BM2 the UV light source is a cluster of eight UV lamps  5 ) is released from its housing  2  and moves from the first vertical position downwardly into a second vertical position. At any time during the downwardly movement to its second vertical position and upon release from its housing  2 , the UV lamps  5  of the UV lamp cluster may be fully deployed and be positioned into an angled position with respect to each other (see  FIG. 45 ). A preferred mechanism to position the UV lamps  5  in an angled arrangement is using springs  43 . 
     Upon releasing UV lamp  5  from the housing  2 , cable  7  slides onto a first track  129  of the first cable guide wheel  128  and onto the second track  131  of the second cable wheel guide  130  as schematically depicted in  FIGS. 44 and 45 . 
     In some embodiments of UV device Model BM2, a motorized unit  1  activates a reel assembly. In some embodiments of UV device Model BM2, the UV device comprises an additional motor  133 , which drives its torque perpendicular to its axis (similar to UV device Model BM1 shown in  FIG. 39B ). 
     UV device Model BM2 is designed to be attached to an opening of a container  4 , preferably to an opening, e.g., a manhole or port  77  of a container  4  located on the upper perimeter of the container  4  (see  FIG. 44 ). The attachment of BM2 to the opening of the container is done using the mounting bracket  3 . Once attached, the device is activated and the UV lamps  5  move out of the housing  2  as described herein. Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamps  5  are moved back into their undeployed configuration (see  FIG. 42 ) by reversing the movements described above. The movements may be controlled by a motorized unit  1  and/or motor  133 . 
     While the above described various parts and features of UV device Model BM2 (see  FIGS. 42-45 ), one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UV device Model BM2 depicted schematically in  FIGS. 42-45  may comprise any additional component described herein, such as a circuit board, etc. 
     Q. UV Device BM3 Family 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIGS. 46-48  and referred to herein as a UV device of the UV device Model BM3 family (“BM3”). This UV device embodiment may comprise an optional housing  2 . The embodiments of UV device Model BMr shown in  FIGS. 46-48  do not include a housing  2 . In embodiments, wherein UV device Model BM3 comprises a housing  2 , the housing  2  may be manually removed from the device prior to is use. 
       FIGS. 46A-E  schematically depict UV device BM3 from several views. 
     BM3 comprises a frame  6  to which other parts of the UV device are attached. The frame  6  comprises a first side and a second side, which are connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars  71  (not shown in figures). The frame  6  of BM3 may be described as having a long rectangular shaped form and having two ends, a first end and a second end (see  FIGS. 46-48 ). To provide for a light-weight frame  6 , in some embodiments, the frame  6  comprises one or more openings  122  (see  FIG. 47C ). 
     A handle  91  is attached to the first end of frame  6  In combination with the wheels  114  (see below), the handle allows easy maneuvering from a first position into a second position within a container  4 , in addition to convenient transportation (e.g., hand carrying) and storing BM3. 
     At both ends of the frames are support structures attached which comprise wheels  114 , preferably two wheels  114  at either side of the support structure so that UV device Model BM3 comprises a plurality of wheels  114 , more specifically, four (4) wheels  114  (see  FIGS. 46-48 ) Preferably, the plurality of wheels are swiveling so that the device can be easily maneuvered around from a first position into a second position within a container  4 . 
     A pivot arm  118  is attached to the second end of the frame  6 . The pivot arm  118  comprises two ends, a first end and a second end. The first end of the pivot arm  118  is attached to the second end of frame  6 . The second end of the pivot arm  118  is attached to central post  16 . 
     Attached to the pivot arm  118  is a central post  16 . The central post  16  comprises two ends, a first end and a second end. The first end of the central post  16  is attached to the second end of the pivot arm  118 . The second end of the central post  16  is attached to an upper plate  42  (see  FIGS. 46-48 ). In some embodiments of the UV device BM3, the central post  16  is extendable so that the upper plate  42  and the UV lamps  5  attached thereto can be moved further upwardly. A central post  16  within UV device Model BM3 can also have an arrangement and configuration as schematically depicted in  FIGS. 6-12   
     Attached to the upper plate  42  is at least one UV lamp  5 . In some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, a UV lamp cluster is attached to the upper plate  42 . For example,  FIGS. 46-48  show the attachment of eight (8) UV lamps to the upper plate  42  of BM3. As with other UV devices described herein, the attachment of UV lamps  5  to the upper plate occurs via UV lamp socket/adaptors  94  (see  FIG. 47A ) 
       FIGS. 47A-C  schematically depict preferred, however, non-limiting dimensions of UV device Model BM3. For example, deployed UV lamps  5  may be arranged having a diameter of about 40″ (see  FIG. 47A ). The wheels  114  at one end of the frame and attached to the support structure may be apart by about 17″ and the upper plate may be between 10″ and 11″ (see  FIG. 47B ). The height of UV device Model BM3, measured from the top of the upper plate  42  to the center of wheel  114  is about between 77″ and 78″ (see  FIG. 47C ). The length of UV device Model BM3, measured from the outmost part of pivot arm  118  in its upright position to the handle  91  (including) is about 90″ (see  FIG. 47C ). The wheels  114  have a radius of about 1″ (see  FIG. 47C ). The height of the handle  91  to the center of wheel  114  is about between 17″ and 18″ (see  FIG. 47C ). Having provided the above dimensions, one of ordinary skill in the art can determine dimensions of other parts schematically depicted in  FIGS. 46-48 , in addition to conveniently vary the dimensions given in  FIGS. 46-48 . 
     In some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, a motorized unit  1  activates pivot arm  118 . In some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, the pivot arm is moved manually from its horizontal position into its vertical position. 
     UV device Model BM3 is designed to be moved inwardly through an opening of a container  4 , preferably through an opening, e.g., a manhole or port  77  of a container  4  located at a lower sidewall of a container (see  FIG. 48 ). When moved inwardly into a container  4 , the UV light source of UV device Model BM3 resides on top of frame  6 , i.e., in a horizontal position (see  FIG. 48A ). Upon moving the pivot arm  118  from its horizontal position into a vertical position, the UV lamps  5  are also moved from their initial horizontal position into a first vertical position (see  FIG. 48B ). Upon extending central post  16  upwardly into the interior of a container  4 , the UV lamps  5  move from the first vertical position (see  FIG. 48C ) upwardly into a second vertical position (see  FIG. 48D ). 
     Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamps  5  are moved back into their undeployed configuration (see  FIG. 48A ) by reversing the movements described above. The movements may be controlled by a motorized unit  1 . 
     While  FIGS. 46-48  schematically depict the UV lamp cluster of UV device Model BM3 open in a con-like fashion and having the UV lamps  5  pointed downwardly, in some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, the opening of the UV lamp cluster and deployment of UV lamps  5  is inverted so that the UV lamps  5  open in a cone-like fashion, but face upwardly. A similar configuration and mode of opening is schematically depicted in  FIGS. 7, 32 and 33 . Such an upwardly facing configuration can be accomplished, e.g., by attaching the upper plate  42  to the pivot arm  118 . Upon erecting pivot arm  118  into its vertical position, the upper plate  42  to which the UV lamps  5  are attached will also be moved into a first vertical position, wherein the UV lamps are facing upwards with respect to the positioning of the upper plate  42 . In that situation, the upper plate  42  may be better referred to as a lower plate. As depicted in  FIG. 48D , upon extension of central post  16 , the UV cluster/UV lamps  5  can then be further moved from the first vertical position to a second vertical position. 
     While the above described various parts and features of UV device Model BM3 (see  FIGS. 46-48 ), one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UV device Model BM3 depicted schematically in  FIGS. 46-48  may comprise any additional component described herein, such as a circuit board, etc. 
     R. UV Device UVT-4 Family 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a portable UV device depicted in  FIGS. 51-67  and referred to herein as a member of UV device Model UVT-4 (“UVT-4”) family. While referred to collectively as UVT-4, the portable UV devices UVT-4 comprise various embodiments. As a characteristic feature, all members of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices comprise a lower frame  146 , an upper frame, a first hinge (or pivot)  145 , at least one first germicidal UV light source, and at least at least one second germicidal UV light source. 
     1. Lower Frame 
     In some embodiments, the lower frame  146  comprises a first lower frame end  148  and a second lower frame end  153 . In some embodiments as described herein and as shown in  FIGS. 51-67 , additional parts are attached to the lower frame  146 , and, in particular to either first lower frame end  148  or second lower frame end  153 . 
     Preferably, the lower frame  146  is made of stainless steel. Parts attached to it may be also made of stainless steel or of aluminum. The lower frame  146  of a UVT-4 family member of portable UV devices may be described as having a rectangular shaped form and comprising four sides, i.e., a first (left) side, a second (right) side, an upper side and a lower side and two ends, i.e., a first lower frame end  148  and a second lower frame end  153  (see  FIGS. 52, 53, 58 ). While the drawings for a UVT-4 UV device depict an exemplary rectangular lower frame  146 , the lower frame can also be round, oval or irregularly shaped. In some embodiments, to provide for a light-weight lower frame  146 , in some embodiments, the lower frame  146  comprises one or more openings  122 . 
     In some embodiments, the lower side of the lower frame  146  comprises a coating  169 . A preferred coating is a plastic coating. Another preferred coating is a teflon coating. Another preferred coating is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMP. An exemplary coating  169  is shown, e.g., in  FIG. 58 . 
     In some embodiments, the second lower frame end  153  comprises a first side plate  162  and a second side plate  163 . Preferably, the form thereof is rounded, but may also be not rounded. In some embodiments, a side plate spacer  161  connects the first side plate  162  to the second side plate  163 . As with all frames of UV devices, the first side plate  162  and the second side plate  163  may comprise openings  122 . 
     In some embodiments, a set of wheels  114  is attached to the first side plate  162  and to the second side plate  163 , so that each side plate has at least one wheel attached to it. Wheels  114  facilitate moving and positioning of the portable UV device in a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The material for making the wheels is not critical. For example, the wheels can be made of plastic, metal or wood. Preferred are plastic wheels. In some embodiments, the wheels  114  are swiveling so that the UV device can be easily maneuvered around from a first position into a second position within a container  4 , a room, a space or within a defined environment. In some embodiments, the wheels  114  are attached in a fixed position and adapted to move the UV device forward and backwards into a desired position within a container  4 , a room, a space or within a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments, the second lower frame end  153  comprises a cross connector  164 . The cross connector has at least one opening  166  suitable for accommodating a UV lamp socket/adaptor  94  and for attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source. In embodiments, wherein the portable UV device comprises more than one at least first germicidal UV light source, for each additional first germicidal UV light source, the cross connector  164  comprises an additional opening  166  into which an additional UV lamp socket  94  can be inserted. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 67 , when the upper frame and lower frame are attached to each other, the second upper frame end  152 , is positioned in between the first side plate  162  and the second side plate  163  of the lower frame  164  and is fastened to an upper side of both the first side plate  162  and the second side plate  163  so that the upper frame can be moved from the horizontal position with respect to the position of the lower frame  164  (as depicted in  FIG. 67 ) into an angular position ranging from about 0 to 90 degrees with respect to the lower frame. Such movement is possible because fasteners  177  do not hold the upper frame in a rigid position, but rather, upon activation a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 , permit the upper frame to swing into such angular position. 
     In some embodiments, a handle  91  is attached to the lower frame  146 . The handle  91  allows easy maneuvering of the portable UV device from a first position into a second position within a container  4 , a room, a space or within a defined environment, in addition to convenient transportation (e.g., hand carrying) and storing. 
     In some embodiments, a second anchoring post  168  for anchoring an extension spring  165  (see below) is attached to the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments the handle  91  is part of the second anchoring post  168 . An exemplary embodiment of a portable UV device comprising such arrangement is shown in  FIG. 66 . 
     In some embodiment, a T-shaped cap  175  is attached to the first lower frame end  148 . A bulb clamp  176  may be in between the T-shaped cap  175  and the first lower frame end  148 . The T-shaped cap  175  keeps the bulb clamp  176  in place. 
     In some embodiments, the first lower frame end  148  comprises at least one opening  166  suitable for accommodating a UV lamp socket/adaptor  94  and for attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source. In embodiments, wherein the portable UV device comprises more than one at least first germicidal UV light source, for each additional first germicidal UV light source, the cross connector  164  comprises an additional opening  166  into which an additional UV lamp socket  94  can be inserted. 
     In some embodiments, the length of the lower frame is determined by the length of the UV light sources, i.e., the UV lamps. As depicted, e.g., in  FIG. 66 , the first lower frame end  148  and the second lower frame end  153  are spaced apart to accommodate the UV light source, i.e., the UV lamp, which is attached to UV lamp sockets  94  that are attached to either lower frame end. 
     In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container  4 , to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment. In some embodiments, such means is a mounting bracket or hanger  3 . In some embodiments, the mounting bracket or hanger  3  comprises a bracket tightening knob  149 . Upon engaging of the mounting bracket or hanger  3  with an opening of a container  4 , a fixture in a room, or with a fixture in or at a defined environment, the bracket tightening knob  149  can be fastened so to keep the portable UV device in position for a desired time. 
     A means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container  4 , to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment can be attached to a portable in a several ways. As a non-limiting example, the means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container  4 , to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment is attached to the lower frame  146  via a second hinge  174 . Such exemplary arrangement is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 52, 59, 63, 64 and 66 . In some embodiments, the second hinge  174  movably connects the lower frame  146  to the means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container  4 , to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments, the means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container  4 , to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment, comprises additional parts useful for performing an additional function of the portable UV device, e.g., moving the upper frame of the portable UV device into an angular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . Thus, in some embodiments, the means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container  4 , to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment, comprises a first rope post  150 . In some embodiments, such means further comprises a second rope post  151 . Exemplary and non-limiting arrangements are shown in  FIGS. 52, 59, 63, and 66 . The functionality of the rope posts will be described further below. 
     2. Upper Frame 
     In some embodiments, the upper frame comprises a first upper frame end  147  and a second upper frame end  152 . In some embodiments as described herein and as shown in  FIGS. 51-67 , additional parts are attached to either first upper frame end  147  or second upper frame end  152 . 
     In some embodiment, a T-shaped cap  175  is attached to each of the first upper frame end  147 , first lower frame end  148 , second upper frame end  152 , and second lower frame end  153 . The T-shaped caps  175  hold in place UV bulb clamps  176 . 
     In some embodiments, a plurality of rods  155  are positioned in between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . The plurality of rods  155  are fastened to the first upper frame end  147  and to the second upper frame end  152  using fasteners. The plurality of rods  155  provides protection to the germicidal UV light source(s). In some embodiments at least one rod  155  is positioned between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . In some embodiments, two rods  155  are positioned between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . In some embodiments, three rods  155  are positioned between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . In some embodiments, four rods  155  are positioned between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . In some embodiments, between two and ten rods  155  are positioned between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . The number of rods  155  between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152  is not critical. For best functionality of the portable UV device, sufficient UV light should be provided and not blocked by the rods. In view thereof, it is desirable, to use the thin sturdy rods, i.e., allow as much UV light as possible to pass through and provide sufficient protection of the UV light source, e.g., so that objects that may damage the UV light source may not directly fall on it. An exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family is shown in  FIG. 66  showing two rods  155  positioned on top of two UV light sources  5  (here, surrounded by a see-through housing  2 , and indicated by  2 , 5  in  FIG. 66 ) Another exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family is shown in  FIG. 67  showing two rods  155  positioned on top of two UV light sources  5  (here, surrounded by a see-through housing  2 , and indicated by  2 , 5  in  FIG. 67 ) and two rods  155  positioned beneath two UV light sources  5  (the two lower rods are not well seen in this drawing; however, discernable by the four fasteners attached to the second upper frame end, which are used to attach the rods  155  to the upper frame ends  147  and  152 ). A further exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 53-58  showing four rods  155  positioned around each UV light source  5  attached to the upper frame (here, surrounded by a see-through housing  2 , and indicated by  2 , 5  in  FIGS. 53-58 ). In some embodiments, the rods  155  penetrate a plurality of cross connectors  156 . The cross connectors  156  provide stability to the upper frame stabilizing the plurality of rods  155 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the number of cross connectors is chosen, e.g., based on the length of the rods  155  and UV light sources  5 . The exemplary portable UV devices depicted in  FIGS. 52 and 66  each comprise two cross connectors  156 . 
     In some embodiments, the length of the upper frame is determined by the length of the UV light sources, i.e., the UV lamps. As depicted, e.g., in  FIG. 66 , the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152  are spaced apart to accommodate the UV light source, i.e., the UV lamp, which is attached to UV lamp sockets  94  that are attached to either upper frame end. 
     In some embodiments, the upper frame is made of stainless steel. Parts attached to the upper frame may also be made of stainless steel or, alternatively, of aluminum. 
     In some embodiments, the upper frame end  152  is configured to comprise a handle  91 . An exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family comprising a handle  91  at the upper frame end  152  is shown, e.g., in  FIG. 67 . 
     In some embodiment, a first hinge (pivot)  145  is attached to the second upper frame end  152 . The first hinge (pivot)  145  will be described below in greater detail. 
     When the portable UV device UVT-4 is not in use (as described further below), then the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower frame. Such arrangement is depicted, e.g., in  FIGS. 51-59 . 
     3. First Hinge (Pivot) 
     As shown in  FIGS. 66 and 67  (and others), the first hinge  145  movably connects the lower frame  146  to the upper frame. Further, the first hinge  145  is adapted to permit movement of the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 . In that regard, the first hinge  145  can also be described as a “swing.” 
       FIG. 66  depicts the attachment of the first hinge (pivot)  145  to the second upper frame end  152 . In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot)  145  comprises a first opening to allow a cable  158  running through. The first opening may be located at the lower side of the first hinge (pivot)  145  so that the cable  158  running through that opening can be connected to an extension spring  165  (see further below). In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot)  145  comprises a second opening to allow a cable  158  becoming fastened therein. Thus, the second opening is adapted to serve as a cable anchoring point  182 . In some embodiments, a first end of the cable  158 , is anchored at the second opening (cable anchoring point  182 ) and the cable is guided on a cable guide  180  formed as part of the first hinge (pivot)  145  towards the first opening at the lower end of the hinge (pivot)  145 , and extrudes therefrom so that the second end of the cable  180  forms a first anchoring post  167  with the first hook  178  of the extension spring  165  (see further below). 
     In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot)  145  is made of stainless steel, or, alternatively, of aluminum. 
     4. At Least One First Germicidal UV Light Source 
     The at least one first germicidal UV light source comprises a first UV lamp and is connected to the lower frame  146 . In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV light source is connected to the lower frame  146 , via a UV lamp socket or adaptor  94 . 
     In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises additional first germicidal UV lights sources connected to the lower frame  146 . In some embodiments, the at least first germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six first germicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten first germicidal UV light sources. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the number of first germicidal UV light sources connected to the lower frame is not limited and may comprise more than ten. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of first germicidal UV light sources are the same germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of first germicidal UV light sources are different germicidal UV light sources. 
     5. At Least One Second Germicidal UV Light Source 
     The at least one second germicidal UV light source comprises a second UV lamp and is connected to the upper frame. In some embodiments, the at least one second germicidal UV light source is connected to the upper frame, via a UV lamp socket or adaptor  94 . 
     In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises additional second germicidal UV lights sources connected to the upper frame. In some embodiments, the at least second germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of second germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three second germicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light sources, five second germicidal UV light sources, six second germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV light sources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine second germicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light sources. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the number of second germicidal UV light sources connected to the upper frame is not limited and may comprise more than ten. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of second germicidal UV light sources are the same germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of second germicidal UV light sources are different germicidal UV light sources. 
     In some embodiments, a first germicidal UV light source and a second germicidal UV light source are the same germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments, a first germicidal UV light source and a second germicidal UV light source are different germicidal UV light sources. 
     In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a lower frame to which two first germicidal UV light sources are attached and an upper frame to which two second germicidal UV light sources are attached. 
     Suitable UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are described herein. First and second germicidal UV light sources for use in portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family are not limited and include, without limitation, low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs. I has been found that low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs are very efficient and cost effective UV light sources. In some embodiments, medium pressure UV bulbs or pulsed UV Xenon type lamps are used. They are significantly higher priced. Medium pressure lamps typically operate at temperature in excess of 500 F, making them somewhat less preferred. For sanitization of smaller containers (having a volume in the range of from about 50 gallons to about 500 gallons), smaller rooms or smaller defined environment, LED bulbs can also be used; however they lack the power necessary for large volumes (e.g., tanks up to and exceeding 500,000 gallons). Those, UV light sources, can also be used as a part or component of other portable UV devises described herein. 
     The choice of first and second germicidal UV light source for use in portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family may depend on the size and volume of the container, room, space or defined environment to be sanitized. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, increasing the number of UV light sources will decrease sanitization time and, in addition, will allow for greater sized and larger volume containers, rooms, or defined environments to be sanitized. Portable UV devices described herein can be adapted easily to accommodate a desired number and a desired size of UV light sources. 
     The UV light intensity of the combined UV light sources (i.e., the combination of first germicidal UV light source(s) and second germicidal UV light source(s)) of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family can be adapted to efficiently irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment at a desired intensity. In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 10,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 20,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 30,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 40,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 50,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 60,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 70,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 80,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 90,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 100,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 110,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 120,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 130,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 140,000 microjoules/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with at least 150,000 microjoules/cm 2 . 
     6. UV Light Permissible Housing 
     As described herein, UV devices may comprise a housing surrounding or encasing fully or partially a germicidal UV light source and/or a UV lamp. In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV light source of the portable UV device UVT-4, resides in a first housing  2 , In some embodiments, the first housing  2  fully surrounds the at least one first germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, the first housing  2  partially surrounds the at least one first germicidal UV light source. In the exemplary embodiments of UV devices of the UVT-4 family shown in  FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67 , a housing  2  is a see-through housing  2 , and surrounds a UV light source  5  and thus, both are indicated by  2 , 5  in those figures). 
     In some embodiments, the first housing  2  of the portable UV device UVT-4 permits UV light to pass through. In such embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV light source will be fully functional for sanitization, as described herein, without being removed from the housing. A UV light permissible housing may be made of various materials known in the art, including, but not limited to, UV fused silica, CaF 2 , MgF 2 , BaF 2 , quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX® or polymethylpentene (PMP). TPX®, is a 4-methylpentene-1 based polyolefin manufactured and marketed by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. A preferred housing material permitting UV light to pass through is teflon. 
     7. Means for Controlling Movement of the Upper Frame to an Angular Position with Respect to the Position of the Lower Frame 
     As described herein, portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family comprise a lower frame  146  and an upper frame, wherein the upper frame can move from a horizontal position with respect to the lower frame into an angular position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees, including, moving the upper frame into a vertical, a perpendicular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . Members of the portable UV device family UVT-4 comprise various means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. Thus, in some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, the means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame permits the at least one second germicidal UV light source connected to the upper frame be positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source connected to the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame comprises an extension spring  165 . In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises an extension spring  165  comprising a first end comprising a first hook  178  at and a second end comprising a second hook  179 . 
     In some embodiments, the first hook  178  connects to a first anchoring post  167 . In some embodiments, the first anchoring post  167  is comprised of the second end of the cable  158 . The second end of the cable  158  may form a loop and the loop connects with the first hook  178  of the extension spring  165 . Such an arrangement, e.g., is depicted in  FIG. 67 . 
     In some embodiments, the second hook  179  connects to a second anchoring post  168 . In some embodiments, the second anchoring post  168  is attached to the lower frame  146  (see above). Such an arrangement, e.g., is depicted in  FIG. 66 . 
     In some embodiments, the upper frame of a portable UV device of a UVT-4 family is held in horizontal position with respect to the lower frame  146 , by virtue of an upper frame fixture clip  157 . In some embodiments, an upper frame fixture clip  157  is attached to the lower frame  146 , preferably to the first lower frame end  148 . Such arrangement, e.g., is shown in  FIG. 53 . The upper frame fixture clip  157  engages with the first upper frame end  147  and when engaged prevents the upper frame from moving into an angular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . In  FIG. 53 , the upper frame fixture clip  157  is shown disengaged from the first upper frame end and the upper frame is shown in a slightly angular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments, the upper frame of a portable UV device of a UVT-4 family is held in horizontal position with respect to the lower frame  146 , by virtue of a rope  7 . In some embodiments, a first end of the rope  7  is attached to the first upper frame end  147  at a rope anchoring point  170 . The second end of the rope  7  is movably wound around a first rope post  150  (attached to e.g., a mounting bracket or hanger  3 , see above, or directly to the lower frame  146 ). In some embodiments, wherein a second rope post  151  is present, the second end of the rope  7  may be wound around both the first rope post  150  and the second rope post  151 . A non-limiting arrangement comprising a first rope post  150  and a second rope post  151 , e.g., is shown in  FIG. 52 . When the portable UV device is not in use, the rope  7  firmly would around the first rope post  150  or first rope post  150  and second rope post  151 , prevents the upper frame from moving into an angular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . Upon releasing the rope  7  from the first rope post  150  or first rope post  150  and second rope post  151 , the upper frame can move into an angular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . A partial release of the rope  7  and an angular position of the upper frame with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 , e.g., is shown in  FIG. 60 . Upon further releasing the rope  7 , the upper frame moves into a vertical or perpendicular position with respect to the lower frame  146 . Such further release of the rope  7  and a vertical or perpendicular position of the upper frame with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 , e.g., is shown in  FIGS. 61 and 65 . 
     With respect to the “extension spring” means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame of the portable UV device to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 , one of ordinary skill in the art reading the disclosure herein, will appreciate that, upon disengaging the upper frame fixture clip  157  and/or upon loosening the rope  7  (i.e., unwinding from the rope post(s)), the extension spring  165  exerts a pull pressure. This pull pressure leads to the extension spring  165  pulling the second end of the cable  158  towards the extension spring  165  resulting in a swing movement of the first hinge (pivot)  145  due to the flexibility of fasteners  177  and thereby moving the upper frame from a horizontal position into an angular position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees, with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments, a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family comprises at least one stop post  159 . In some embodiments, a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family comprises at least two stop posts  159 . In some embodiments, a first stop post  159  is attached to the first side plate  162 . In some embodiments, a second stop post  159  is attached to the second side plate  163 . The stop post  159  is adapted to prevent movement of the upper frame, and thereby movement of a second germicidal UV light source connected to that upper frame, beyond a desired position. Such desired position may be any predetermined angular position between the upper frame and the lower frame  146 . A preferred angular position is an about vertical or an about perpendicular position. As such the at least one stop post  159  is adapted to prevent movement of the at least one second germicidal UV light source (connected to the upper frame) beyond an about perpendicular position with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source (connected to the lower frame  146 ). 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame is a pneumatic cylinder. Pneumatic cylinders (also known in the art as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion. Like hydraulic cylinders, a piston is forced to move in a desired direction. A piston typically is a disc or cylinder, and a piston rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved, such as then upper frame of a portable UV device. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame is a motor. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame is a winch. 
     In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame is a servo. 
     8. UV Sensor 
     A portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family of UV devices may comprise other components described herein. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that those components, such as UV sensor, reflector, mirror, etc., can be attached to either the lower frame or the upper frame of the portable UV device. In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a UV sensor  154 . An embodiment, wherein the UV sensor  154  is attached to the upper frame is shown in  FIGS. 51, and 54-56 . In some embodiments, the UV sensor  154  is a UVC sensor. In some embodiments, a UVC sensor is adapted to keep real time track of UVC output during a sanitization cycle. 
     9. Control Box 
     Portable UV device described herein may be connected to a control box  127 . In some embodiments described herein, a portable UV device comprises a control box  127  that is part of the portable UV device itself (e.g., see UV-55). In those embodiments, the control box may be described as internal as it is an integral part of the respective portable UV device. In some embodiments, a portable UV device is connected to a control box  127 . In some embodiments, a portable UV device is connected to a control box  127  via a cable  143 . In those embodiments, the control box may be described as external as it is not an integral part of the portable UV device. 
     An external control box  127  can be made a various materials. In some embodiments, an external control box  127  is made of stainless steel. In some embodiments, the exterior of control box  127  is a stainless steel NEMA4 enclosure/ 
     As described herein, a control box  127  controls various functionalities of a portable UV device. This control typically is controlled by a circuit board. Thus, in some embodiments, a portable UV device is connected to a control box  127 , wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of a portable UV device or relaying a response from the portable UV device. Those functionalities may be individually programmed and adjusted to the needs of an individual user. Non-limiting functionalities of a portable UV device controlled by or relayed by a circuit board include communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; controlling a movement of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment; controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment; controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidal UV light source; relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to a container, a room or a defined environment; uploading and relaying information from a radiofrequency identifier; generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle; generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a report on time of a sanitization cycle (e.g., to a user); emailing, phoning or texting a report on duration of a sanitization cycle (e.g., to a user); emailing, phoning or texting a report on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle (e.g., to a user); emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a sanitization cycle is complete (e.g., to a user); logging date, time and individual who used a portable UV device; or logging container, room, space, or defined environment in which a portable UV device will be and/or has been used. Other functionalities are described, supra. 
     In some embodiments, the control box  127  comprises a touchscreen interface  135 . A control box  127  having a touchscreen interface  135  is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 49 and 51 . In some embodiments, the touchscreen interface  135  is adapted to provide an input for a functionality. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate input for a variety of functionalities may be provided. In some embodiments, a touchscreen interface is adapted to provide an input for a functionality selected from the group consisting of activating a portable UV device, deactivating a portable UV device, providing time input for completing a UV sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment, providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the room, or the defined environment, setting a desired UV intensity level, adjusting a UV intensity level and logging in a code for a user. For example; a UV intensity level may be adjusted based on the condition of a container  4 , a room, or a defined environment, such as wet or dry interior surfaces, etc. 
     A control box  127 , may comprise additional features. In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises an on/off switch  85 . The on/off switch  85  permits an individual to activate and deactivate the system and portable UV device. A control box  127  comprising an on/off switch  85  is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 49 and 51 . 
     In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises a button for emergency shutdown  134 . The emergency shutdown button  134  permits an individual to quickly shut down the system and portable UV device. A control box  127  comprising an emergency shutdown button  134  is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 49 and 51 . 
     In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises a status indicator light  136 . The status indicator light  136 , when lit, alerts an individual that the system and portable UV device are operating. The status indicator light  136 , when not lit, alerts an individual that the system and portable UV device are not operating. A control box  127  comprising a status indicator light  136  is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 49 and 51 . 
     In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises an alarm light. The alarm light, when flashing, may alert an individual to a malfunction of the system or portable UV device, or to a completion of a sanitization cycle. In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises a status indicator light  136  that also functions as an alarm light. 
     In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises an audible alarm system. The audible alarm system may alert an individual to a malfunction of the system or portable UV device, or to a completion of a sanitization cycle, 
     Exemplary layouts of an interior of a control box are shown in  FIGS. 68A-C . 
     In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises one or more lamp ballasts (or power supplies;  FIG. 68B ). In some embodiments, a lamp ballast connects to a motor or servo through an electrical cable. In some embodiments, a lamp ballast connects to a UV light source through an electrical cable. 
     In some embodiments, a control box  127  comprises a wireless communication device, including, but not limited to a wireless transponder and or transceiver to send a wireless signal to a user or to receive a wireless signal from a user. 
     While the above described various parts and features of members of the UV device Model UVT-4 family one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UV device Model UVT-4 depicted schematically in  FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67  may comprise any additional component described herein. 
     S. Additional UV Devices 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIG. 30 . This UV device embodiment comprises a housing  2 , a UV lamp cluster line  111  attached to a UV lamp cluster. This UV device embodiment further comprises an anchor connector  109  connecting the housing  2  to an anchor  107 . An anchor line  108  connects the anchor  107  with the housing  2 . The anchor  107  serves to stabilize the lamp cluster as it moves upwardly and downwardly throughout a container  4 . The UV device depicted schematically in  FIG. 30  may comprise any additional component described herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIG. 31 . This embodiment describes a UV device similar to the UV device UV55 described above, however, inverted. The UV lamp  5  is inserted into an opening of a container  4  from the bottom of the container ( FIG. 31A ). The base plate  10 , here a support stand, is attached to the central sleeve  12 . A housing  2  slides over the central sleeve  12 . In this embodiment, the housing  2  is spring loaded such that, as soon as UV lamp  5  is movably inserted into the container  4  (a barrel is shown in  FIG. 31 ), the housing  2  retracts to cover the central sleeve  12  ( FIG. 31B ). As the unit is removed from the container  4 , a spring forces the housing  2  to slide over the UV lamp  5 . The UV device depicted schematically in  FIG. 31  may comprise any additional component described herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIG. 32 . This embodiment describes a UV device that is placed in the center of a container  4  and mounted a top of a base plate  10 , here, a tripod-like support stand. The support stand supports a housing  2  and a central sleeve  12  within the housing  2  that moves upwardly and downwardly. In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp  5 . In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV device depicted schematically in  FIG. 32  may comprise any additional component described herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIG. 33 . This embodiment describes a UV device comprising a telescoping horizontal arm  113  that enters the container  4  through an opening on the side of the container  4 . As described herein, instead of a single telescoping horizontal arm  113 , which can be of various length (depending on the size of the container into which the UV device is being inserted), the UV device may also have one more of the telescoping arms  47 , the form and function of which has been described herein. Users are protected from UV exposure by a bracket  3  fitting over the opening. A vertical housing  2  is attached to a central sleeve  12 , which can be moved upwardly and downwardly in a vertical axis. In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp  5  attached to the central sleeve  12 . In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster attached to the central sleeve  12 . The UV device depicted schematically in  FIG. 33  may comprise any additional component described herein. The entire UV device can be transported on a movable object  112  comprising wheels  114 . The wheels are attached to supports attached to the object  112 . As a non-limiting example, four supports are schematically depicted in  FIG. 33 . In some embodiments, the length of the supports is adjustable so that the same movable object  112  can be used to introduce a UV device in to containers having an opening a different positions. The horizontal arm  113  may be rotatably attached to the object  112  so that it can turn the UV device once inserted into the container into different angle positions and also move it upwardly, downwardly, and horizontally into any desired position. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIG. 34A . This embodiment describes a UV device that is placed in top of a container  4  as schematically shown in  FIGS. 34B and 34C . The UV device comprises a housing  2  having two arms, a first arm and a second arm (both indicated by  2  in  FIG. 34A ). The first arm may be in a fixed, non-movable position, whereas the second arm may be movably attached to the first arm. The two arms are connected to each other through a pivot point  118 . This connection allows the two arms to provide various angles between them. When not in use, the second arm resides within the first arm. The second arm comprises an opening through which a power cord  90  ( FIG. 34A ) or any other rope or string  7  may be guided which may be attached to a UV lamp  5 . As schematically depicted in  FIG. 34A , a UV lamp  5  resides within the second arm, which partially surrounds the UV lamp  5  (when not in use and the power cord  90  is completely retracted) and which releases the UV lamp  5  upon the twist lock  116  releasing the power cord  90 . The release of the power cord  90  (or string or cable or rope  7 ) is controlled by a twist lock  116 . As one of skill will appreciate upon releasing the power cord  90  (or string or cable or rope  7 ), the two arms of the housing  2  separate from each other. Approaching an about 90 degree angle between the two arms of the housing  2 , the UV lamp will be positioned furthest away from the fixed arm of the housing  2  (schematically shown in  FIGS. 34B and 34C ). In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a power cord  90  connected to the UV lamp  5  and a string or cable or rope  7  attached to the second arm of the housing  2  and the twist look  116 . In this embodiment movement and positioning of the UV lamp  5  within a container can be controlled in two ways. First, upon release of the rope, cable or string  7  from a twist look  116 , the second arm moves from a vertical position to an angle position (between about 0 degree and 90 degree) without releasing the power cord  90  and the UV lamp  5 . The extent to which the rope, cable or string is being released determines, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the positioning of the UV lamp  5  within the diameter of the container  4 . The second movement controls the vertical positioning of the UV lamp  5  within the container  4  as is shown schematically in  FIG. 35 . Upon release of the power cord  90  from the twist look  116  (which can be the same or a different twist look releasing string or cable or rope  7 ) the UV lamp  5  moves downwardly in the container  4  towards the bottom of the container  4 . As described herein, when sterilizing a wide container (i.e., a container having a large diameter), the arms of the housing  2  may be chosen to have a length permitting the positioning of the UV lamp  5  within the center of the container  4 . In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp  5 . In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV device depicted schematically in  FIG. 34  may comprise any additional component described herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV device depicted in  FIG. 35 . This embodiment describes a UV device with similar functions as the UV device shown in  FIG. 34A . In the UV device schematically depicted in  FIG. 35 , a central sleeve  12  slides movably over the housing  2 . The housing  2 , similarly to that of  FIG. 34  comprises two arms. The two arms are attached to each other by a pivot point  118 . In this embodiment, the first arm may be attached to the UV device so that it is rotatable permitting the positioning of the UV lamp  5  (upon lowering the second arm as, e.g., described herein) into various horizontal positions (see also  FIGS. 8-11, 15 ) 
     In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp  5 . In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV device depicted schematically in  FIG. 32  may comprise any additional component described herein. 
     One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the parts described herein, in particular the parts controlling the movement and positioning of a UV light source within the interior of a container provide various means for moving and positioning the UV light source, such as, a means of positioning the UV light source within the central axis of a container, a means for tilting the UV light source from a vertical axis to a horizontal axis at an upper position within the container, a means for returning the UV light source from a horizontal axis to a vertical axis at an upper position within the container, a means for lowering or raising the UV light source within the central axis of the container, a means for stopping the UV light source at a pre-determined position along the central axis within a container, a means for tilting the lamp cluster from a vertical position to a horizontal position at a lower position within a container, a means for returning the UV light source from a horizontal axis to a vertical axis at the lower position within a container, and a means for returning the UV light source from a vertical position to a horizontal position within a container. 
     III. Containers, Rooms and Defined Environments 
     In some embodiments, a UV device, preferably a UV light source, more preferably a germicidal UV light source, is introduced into a container, a room or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments, a container is exposed to UV radiation. A container accepts a UV light source for the purpose of sterilization of the interior of the container, including any and all objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces contained within the interior of the container. In some embodiments, the objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces within the interior of the container are contained within the container temporarily. In other embodiments, they are contained within the container permanently. 
     The present invention provides a variety of containers. Containers, include, but are not limited to a vat, a silo, a tub, a basket, a case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a barrel, a keg, a tank (e.g., a Porta tank), a container for biological fluids, a beverage container, and an aquarium. 
     A container for biological fluid includes, but is not limited, to a container for blood, a container for blood products, a container for a fermentation product, a container for a cell culture product, or a container for a biotechnology product. In some embodiments, a fermentation product is an alcoholic beverage. In some embodiments, a fermentation product is wine. 
     A beverage container includes, but is not limited, to a beverage container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, an alcoholic beverage, or a carbonated beverage. An alcoholic beverage includes, but is not limited to beer, wine, gin, vodka, or whisky. A preferred alcoholic beverage is wine. Thus, a preferred container is a container for the fermentation of wine. 
     A container also includes any container for storing, transporting or selling a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition. A “liquid dairy composition” is any source of milk or milk ingredient. In exemplary embodiments, the milk is from sheep, goats, or cows. Liquid dairy compositions include without limitations, for example, liquid milk, liquid skim milk, liquid non-fat milk, liquid low fat milk, liquid whole milk, liquid half &amp; half, liquid light cream, liquid light whipping cream, liquid heavy cream, liquid lactose free milk, liquid reduced lactose milk, liquid sodium free milk, liquid reduced sodium milk, liquid dairy fortified with nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, E, K, or calcium, liquid high protein dairy, liquid whey protein concentrate, liquid whey protein isolate, etc. Milk concentrates and milk protein concentrates are particularly contemplated liquid dairy compositions. The term “milk concentrate” means any liquid or dried dairy-based concentrate comprising milk, skim milk, or milk proteins. Dry dairy components include without limitation, for example, whole dry milk, non-fat dry milk, low fat milk powder, whole milk powder, dry whey solids, de-mineralized whey powders, individual whey protein, casein dairy powders, individual casein powders, anhydrous milk fat, dried cream, lactose free dairy powder, dry lactose derivatives, reduced sodium dairy powder, etc. Also included are calorie-free dairy, cholesterol free dairy, low calorie dairy, low cholesterol dairy, light dairy, etc. Also included are combinations of any of the above liquid or dry dairy components in any ratio. 
     Containers of various sizes, shapes, heights, and diameters can be used in the methods of the present invention as long as they have at least one opening through which a UV device or a UV lamp can be introduced. 
     In some embodiments, a container (tank) capacity is selected from the group consisting of at least about 5,000 gallons, at least about 6,000 gallons, at least about 10,000 gallons, at least about 15,000 gallons, at least about 20,000 gallons, at least about 25,000 gallons, at least about 50,000 gallons, at least about 75,000 gallons, at least about 100,000 gallons, at least about 125,000 gallons, at least about 150,000 gallons, at least about 175,000 gallons, at least about 200,000 gallons, at least about 225,000 gallons, at least about 250,000 gallons, at least about 300,000 gallons, at least about 350,000 gallons, at least about 400,000 gallons, at least about 450,000 gallons, at least about 500,000 gallons. In some embodiments, a container to be sanitized has a capacity of from about 100,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. In some embodiments, a container to be sanitized has a capacity of from about 200,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. In some embodiments, a container to be sanitized has a capacity of from about 300,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. Individual tank capacities are described in detail in the Examples. 
     Containers of various refractive indexes can be used in the methods of the present invention. 
     Containers of various reflective nature can be used in the methods of the present invention. As indicated in the following table, different materials reflect different percentages of UV light (254 nm). One of skill in the art will appreciate the contribution of the reflectance of a material will have for achieving a desired UV intensity useful for UV disinfection and sterilization (see Table 6) 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Reflective Factors On Various Surfaces At 254 Nm Wavelength. 
               
               
                 The values are obtained at normal incidence. The percentage 
               
               
                 reflectances increases rapidly at angles greater than 75%. 
               
               
                 (American Ultraviolet Company, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Material 
                 % Reflectance 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aluminum, etched 
                 88 
               
               
                   
                 Aluminum, foil 
                 73 
               
               
                   
                 Aluminum, polished commercial 
                 73 
               
               
                   
                 Chromium 
                 45 
               
               
                   
                 Glass 
                  4 
               
               
                   
                 Nickel 
                 38 
               
               
                   
                 Silver 
                 22 
               
               
                   
                 Stainless steel 
                 20-30 
               
               
                   
                 Tri-plated steel 
                 28 
               
               
                   
                 Water paints 
                 10-30 
               
               
                   
                 White cotton 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 White oil paint 
                  5-10 
               
               
                   
                 White paper 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 White porcelain 
                  5 
               
               
                   
                 White wall plaster 
                 40-60 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the interior surface of a container is UV reflective. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, the interior surface of a container is stainless steel. 
     Typically, a container for use in a method of the present invention is a closed container with one or more openings at the top (e.g., see  FIGS. 1-11, 14-16, 22-25, 29, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48 ), at a side wall (e.g., see  FIG. 31 ), or at the bottom part of a side wall (e.g., see  FIGS. 32, 33, 41, 48   56 - 59 , and  63 ). In some embodiments, this opening is referred to as manhole and is shown in, e.g.,  FIGS. 22-25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48 . The manhole or port  77  provides access to the container from the top of the container and further allows, e.g., for the attachment of various pressure washing devices. The manhole or port also allows the positioning of a UV device, e.g., of a UV device having a telescopic arm for practicing a method of the invention. As shown in  FIGS. 22-25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48 , part of the UV device rests on top of the manhole or port  77  when the UV device is used for the UV sterilization of the container. In some embodiments, a pulley mount arm rests on the top of the manhole. 
     In some embodiments, the means for attaching the UV device to a container, attaches the UV device to the manhole or port  77 . This attachment is typically done using a hanger, more specifically, using the clamp post  53  or a mounting bracket  3 . 
     In some embodiments, the means for attaching the UV device to a container, attaches the UV device to an opening at a side of a container. This attachment is typically done using a hanger, more specifically, using the clamp post  53  or a mounting bracket  3  (e.g., see,  FIG. 59 ). 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises a lid (indicated by  29  in the figures). In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises a hinged lid (indicated by  30  in the figures). The lid itself may have one or more openings through which a UV device or parts thereof (such as a UV light source) may be inserted inwardly into the container. When a lid is present, upon beginning the UV sterilization process, the lid is closed so to not expose a practitioner or any other person to the UV light. If a lid cannot be completely closed because, e.g., the attachment or placement of a UV device at an opening of the container, a protective shield can be used to prevent UV light from escaping the container. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises one or more support stands (indicated by  115  in the figures). 
     A. Fermentation Container 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a container is a container used in zymurgy or the production of an alcoholic beverage. A UV device of the present invention may be used in any large scale commercial steel vessel involved in the fermentation and production of an alcoholic beverage. The term “alcoholic beverage” is used to include the alcoholic beverage prescribed in Liquor Tax Law Chapter 1, Section 2. 
     A fermentation container may be of various size, shape, height, and can be used in a method of the present invention as long as it has at least one opening through which a UV device or UV lamp can be introduced. 
     A fermentation container may be made of a variety of materials, including stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or glass. A preferred fermentation container is made of wood. 
     IV. Systems 
     In another aspect of the present invention, systems comprising a UV device described herein, are provided. In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UV device. A UV device may include one or more components as described herein, e.g., a germicidal UV light source, a detector, a housing, a range-finding device, a bracket, an optical component, a circuit board, a frame, an upper frame, a lower frame, a UV sensor, one or more hinges (pivots) and/or a motorized unit. In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UV device and a container. In some embodiments, the container of such a system is selected from the group consisting of a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage, a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and a container for a biological fluid. In some embodiments, the container of such a system comprises wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UV device and a room, a space or defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UV device and a control box  127 , wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UV device, a control box  127 , wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device and a case  137 , wherein, the UV device, when not in use, resides within the case  137 . In some embodiment, the case  137  is attached to the control box  127 . In some embodiments a lower surface of the case  137  is attached to an upper surface of the control box  127  so that the case  137  resides on top of the control box  127 . In some embodiments and for easy maneuvering cart wheels  142  may be attached to the control box  127 . In some embodiments and for easy maneuvering one or more handrails  138  may be attached to the control box  127 . A system comprising a UV device (residing in a case), a case  137 , and a control box  127  is shown, e.g., in  FIG. 51 . 
     For transportation, a system comprising a UV device (residing in a case), a case  137  and control box  127  can be strapped to a transportation rack  140 . Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UV device, a control box  127 , wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device, a case  137 , wherein, the UV device, when not in use, resides within the case  137 , and a transportation rack  140  adapted to accommodate the control box  127  and case  137  for transportation. In some embodiments, a transportation rack comprises a plurality of fastening brackets  139 . The fastening brackets comprise an opening through which fastenings  141  can be guided through to allow fastening of the control box  127  and case  137  to the transportation rack  140 . A system comprising a UV device (residing in a case), a case  137 , a control box  127  and a transportation rack  140 , is shown, e.g., in  FIGS. 49 and 50 . 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use in a method for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of an interior surface of a container. In other embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use in a method for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of a room, a space or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use in a method for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a container, preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container. In other embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use in a method for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a room, a space or a defined environment, preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interior surface of a room, a space or a defined environment. 
     V. Methods of Use 
     In another aspect of the present invention, methods of using a UV device described herein, are provided. In some embodiments, a method of using a UV device is a method for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of an interior surface of a container. In some embodiments, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container comprises the steps of movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a container a germicidal UV light source and activating the germicidal UV light source. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of providing a container having an opening, 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source to a first vertical downwards position within the container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within the container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the horizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within the container. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a first vertical position within a container. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UV device employed for practicing a method, the movement can also be upwardly. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the first vertical position within the container to a second vertical position within the container. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UV device employed for practicing a method, the movement can also be upwardly. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of positioning a UV device on a bottom surface of a container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving a UV device on a bottom surface of a container from a first position to a second position. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprises the step of attaching a UV device comprising the germicidal UV light source to the container. Preferably, the attachment is at an opening at the container. An opening at a container can be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall of the container. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprises the step of movably positioning a UV device comprising the germicidal UV light source in a container. Preferably, movably positioning a UV device in a container comprises moving a UV device trough an opening into the container. An opening at a container can be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall of the container. The positioning of the UV device within the container may be on the floor of the container. 
     In some embodiments, a method of using a UV device is a method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container. In some embodiments, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container comprises the steps of movably and inwardly inserting through the opening of a container a germicidal UV light source and activating the germicidal UV light. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of providing a container having an opening. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source to a first vertical downwards position within the container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within the container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the horizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within the container. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a first vertical position within the container. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UV device employed for practicing a method, the movement can also be upwardly. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the first vertical position within the container to a second vertical position within the container. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UV device employed for practicing a method, the movement can also be upwardly. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of positioning a UV device on a bottom surface of a container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving a UV device on a bottom surface of a container from a first position to a second position. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of attaching a UV device comprising the germicidal UV light source to the container. Preferably, the attachment is at an opening at the container. An opening at a container can be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall of the container. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of movably positioning a UV device comprising the germicidal UV light source in a container. Preferably, movably positioning a UV device in a container comprises moving a UV device trough an opening into the container. An opening at a container can be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall of the container. The positioning of the UV device within the container may be on the floor of the container. 
     In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the step of attaching a UV device comprising the germicidal UV light source to the container. 
     A. Providing a Container 
     In some embodiments, a method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container comprises the step of providing a container having an opening. In some embodiments, a method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container comprises the step of providing a container having an opening. Containers useful for practicing methods of the present invention are described herein. 
     B. Attaching a UV Device to a Container 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of attaching a UV device to a container. Attaching a UV device temporarily, for a prolonged time, or permanently to a container is described herein. An exemplary embodiment of attaching a UV device to an opening at a side wall of a container is shown in  FIG. 59 . Thereby, a portable UV device is attached firmly and temporarily, e.g., for the duration of a sanitization cycle positioned to an opening of the container and is restricted from moving. 
     C. Movably and Inwardly Inserting a UV Light Source into a Container 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of movably and inwardly inserting a germicidal UV light source through an opening of the container. The opening of the container may be on top of the container as illustrated in  FIGS. 1-11, 14-16, 22-25, 29, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48 ). Alternatively, an opening of the container may also be at the bottom of a container or at a side of a container as illustrated in  FIGS. 31-33, 41, 48, 56-59 ). 
     One of skill in the art reading the instant specification will appreciate that a UV light source can be movably and inwardly inserted into a container through an opening on the top of the container, through an opening at the bottom of the container, or through an opening at a side of the container. As described herein, a UV light source, once movably an inwardly inserted into a container can be moved to any desired or predetermined position within the container. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein for positioning a UV light source within a container can be easily modified to account for the point of where the UV light source is being movably inserted into a container. Those would be considered design choices in view of the disclosure provided herewith. 
     In some embodiments, once the UV light source is movably and inwardly inserted into a container, it remains in a stationary position for the time of the sterilization process. In some other embodiments, once the UV light source is movably and inwardly inserted into a container, it is mobile. In some embodiments, a UV light source moves longitudinally within the container. In some embodiments, a UV light source moves laterally. In some embodiments, a UV light source rotates on its own axis or about an axis. In some embodiments, a combination of movements of some or all movements is used to achieve the desired result of positioning a UV light source at a desired or predetermined position within a container. The movement of a UV light source is achieved through use of a motorized unit, use of a hydraulic system, manually, or a combination thereof. 
     Mobility of the UV light source may depend on the size and shape of the container and on the size, shape, and intensity of the UV lamp(s). The use of a mobile UV light source will depend on the desired sterilization rate. If, for example, a faster rate is desired, the UV light source preferably is positioned closer to the inner surface of the container to be sterilized. Thus, in this embodiment, a means by which the UV light source is positioned in closer proximity to the inner surface is recommended. Similarly, in some embodiments, the positioning of the UV light source is altered to avoid an obstruction, such as an internally mounted thermometer or the like. As one of skill in the art will appreciate, the longitudinal movement of a UV light source depends on the height of the vessel. Further, the lateral movement of a UV light source depends on the diameter of the container. In embodiments where a rotating UV light source is used, the rate of rotation will depend on the type of UV lamp used (continuous UVC vs. pulsed UV) and on the intensity of the UV lamp. 
     D. Activating and Deactivating a UV Light Source 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of activating a germicidal UV light source. Thereby a necessary or predetermined dose of radiation will be delivered. Activating of the UV light source initiates the process of sterilization, disinfection and growth inhibition of the one or more microorganisms by providing a UV dose for effective sterilization of microorganisms, disinfection of the interior surface of a container, and for the growth inhibition of the one or more microorganisms. 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of manually activating a germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, a UV device comprises an on/off switch for manually activating the germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, a UV light source is connected to an external control box  127  comprising an on/off switch  85  for manually activating the germicidal UV light source. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an interface for activating the UV device, for inactivating the UV device, for making a user aware of the time elapsed in a sterilization cycle and/or making a user aware of the time remaining for completion of a sterilization cycle. Some interface function may be connected to a visual or audible alert or to an email notification, telephonic contacting or texting. In some embodiments, a UV device is connected to an external control box  127  comprising a touchscreen interface  135  adapted to provide input for functionalities as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, activation of the UV light source occurs at a predetermined time and may be controlled by an RFID communicating with a circuit board attached to the UV device (e.g.,  FIGS. 26 and 36 ). In some embodiments, the information retrieved from the RFID is used by the circuit board to determine the length of extension of the telescopic arm (e.g., moving the UV light source into a first vertical downwards position; payout position, e.g., see  FIG. 23 ) and the length of descent of the UV light source from its horizontal position into the second vertical downwards position (e.g., see  FIG. 25 ). 
     In some embodiments, activation of the UV light source occurs for a predetermined time. Preferably the duration of the activation of the UV light source is provided for a time sufficient to cause an at least about 1 log reduction of microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at least about 2 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at least about 3 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at least about 4 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at least about 5 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, or an at least about 6 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface of a container. 
     By inserting a UV light source into the interior of a container and by activating the UV light source, the interior surface of the container is exposed to a UV light dose. In some embodiments, the UV light dose is measured by a UV sensor  154 , as described herein. Data measured by the UV sensor are relayed to the control box  127  and may be shown on the touchscreen interface  135 . 
     Once the desired UV intensity has been applied to the interior surface of a container, the UV light source may be deactivated. In some embodiments, deactivation is performed by a timer, which can be set to different times depending on the desired log reduction of the desired microorganisms (see calculations of killing rates in Example B). Deactivation can also be performed by a UV detector (or UV sensor  154 ), which would automatically shut off the UV lamp(s) when the desired UV intensity has been attained. In some embodiments of the present invention, deactivation may also be controlled by a RFID. In some embodiments of the present invention, deactivation, upon completing a sterilization cycle, is controlled by a circuit board attached to the UV device or by a circuit board residing in an external control box  127 . Again, the desired UV intensity will depend on the desired log reduction of the desired microorganisms. For example, using a UV lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 60″ from the interior surface, if a 2 log reduction of  Shigella  dysentery is desired, 4,200 microwatt seconds/cm 2  would be required. Once the UV detector has detected that 4,200 microwatt seconds/cm 2  have been attained it would automatically shut off the UV lamp. Thus, in some embodiments, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container comprises the step deactivating a germicidal UV light source. As described herein, deactivation may occur automatically by using a preset UV detector. Alternatively, deactivation is performed manually. In some embodiments, a UV device comprises an on/off switch for manually deactivating the germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, a UV light source is connected to an external control box  127  comprising an on/off switch  85  for manually deactivating the germicidal UV light source. 
     In some embodiments, the process of sterilizing the interior of a container comprises the step of subjecting the interior of the container to UV radiation. 
     While typically a single exposure of an interior surface of a container by a necessary or predetermined UV dose is sufficient to achieve a desired log reduction of microorganisms, in some embodiments, the interior surface of the container is exposed multiple times to UV radiation. 
     Short-wave UV light is harmful to humans. In addition to causing sunburn and (over time) skin cancer, UV light can produce extremely painful inflammation of the cornea of the eye, which may lead to temporary or permanent vision impairment. It can also damage the retina of the eye. For this reason, the light produced by a germicidal UV lamp must be carefully shielded against both direct viewing and reflections and dispersed light that might be viewed. Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, the methods of sterilization a container and methods for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container comprise the step of covering the opening of the container through which the germicidal UV light source has been inserted with a lid, top, or cover. The lid, top or cover essentially does not allow the UV light to penetrate and thus, protects humans from the harmful UV light. 
     E. Releasing a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Housing 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of releasing a germicidal UV light source from a housing. Thereby a germicidal UV light source, e.g., a UV lamp, is released from a housing. In some embodiments, the releasing of the germicidal UV light source from the housing is accomplished by a motorized unit. The motorized unit (exemplary shown in  FIGS. 1-3, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45 ) is connected to a rope, cable or wire  7 , which is connected to a UV lamp  5  and thus, can move the UV lamp  5  in an downward direction for use and moves the UV lamp  5  in an upward direction after use. Alternatively, depending on the UV device being used, the UV lamp  5  is moved in an upwardly direction for use and in a downwardly direction after use. Various modes of releasing a UV lamp  5  from a housing  2  have been described herein in the context of the various UV devices useful for practicing a method of the present invention. 
     In some embodiments, upon release from the housing, the germicidal UV light source moves longitudinally into the container to a predetermined position. An example of such a longitudinally movement is depicted, e.g., in  FIG. 3 . In some embodiments, upon release from the housing, the germicidal UV light source moves laterally in the container to a predetermined position. An example of such a lateral movement is depicted, e.g., in  FIG. 7 . In some embodiments, upon release from the housing, the germicidal UV light source rotates in the container. Examples of such a rotational movement are depicted, e.g., in  FIGS. 9-11 . 
     Still other modes for releasing a germicidal UV light source from a housing are depicted, e.g., in  FIGS. 27, 40, 41 and 44 . In some of those embodiments, a hinge or UV lamp module swing  81 , is used to move the UV light source from a closed position into an exposed (released) position. 
     As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, releasing a germicidal UV light source from a housing is only necessary in the methods of the present invention, wherein the housing is not UV light permissible, i.e., wherein the housing is made of a material which does not allow UV light to penetrate through. In some UV devices of the present invention, the UV light source resides within a housing made of a material which permits UV light to pass through. The UV light source of such UV devices does not need to be released from its housing for use in a method of the present invention. For example, some members of the UVT-4 family of UV devices comprise a housing made of a material allowing UV light to pass through even when the housing fully encases the UV light source. 
     F. Placing a UV Device on an Upper Perimeter of a Container 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of placing a UV device comprising a bracket to which the germicidal UV light source is attached on the upper perimeter of a container. Thereby the UV device comprising the UV light source is firmly positioned on the upper perimeter of the container is restricted from moving downwards due to the brackets. An exemplary placing of a bracket to which the germicidal UV light source is attached on the upper perimeter of a container is shown in  FIGS. 3, 10, and 11 . While the bracket is firmly placed on the upper perimeter of a container, as shown in  FIGS. 3, 10, and 11  other parts of the UV device can be moved downwards into the container. 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of placing a UV device comprising a housing to which the germicidal UV light source is attached (either directly or indirectly) on the upper perimeter of a container. Thereby the UV device comprising the UV light source is firmly positioned on the upper perimeter of the container and is restricted from moving downwards, e.g., by comprising a base plate (e.g.,  FIGS. 28, 29 ). An exemplary placing of a housing and base plate to which the germicidal UV light source is attached on the upper perimeter of a container is shown in  FIGS. 28 and 29 . While the base plate is firmly placed on the upper perimeter of a container, as shown in  FIG. 29  other parts of the UV device, such as the UV light source can be moved downwards into the container. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a subject method comprises the step of positioning a UV device on top of an opening of a container. This step is schematically depicted, e.g., in  FIGS. 1-3, 10, 11, 29, 30, 34, 41, 44 and 48 . 
     G. Movably and Inwardly Inserting a Second Germicidal UV Light Source Through an Opening of a Container, or into a Room or into a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a container, into a room or into a defined environment a second germicidal UV light source. The second germicidal UV light source can be inserted similarly as the first germicidal light source or differently. Insertion of the second germicidal UV light source can be simultaneously with insertion of the first germicidal light source or subsequently. In embodiments comprising a member of the UVT-4 family of UV devices, wherein at least one first germicidal light source is connected to a lower frame and wherein at least one second UV light source is connected to an upper frame and wherein the lower frame and upper frame are connected, both germicidal UV light sources are inserted simultaneously into a container, into a room or into a defined environment. In some embodiments, the second germicidal light source differs from the first germicidal light source in dimension and/or intensity. 
     H. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source to a First Vertical Downwards Position within a Container, a Room, or Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of moving a germicidal UV light source to a first vertical downwards position within a container, a room or a defined environment. Moving a germicidal UV light source to a first vertical downwards position within a container, a room or a defined environment is described herein. 
     I. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Vertical Downwards Position to a Horizontal Position within a Container, a Room or a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within a container, a room, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within a container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device through angular positions between the first vertical position and the horizontal position. Such movement can be terminated at any desired angular position between the first vertical downwards position and the horizontal position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within a container, a room or a defined environment is described herein. 
     J. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Horizontal Position to a Second Vertical Downwards Position within a Container, a Room or a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within a container, a room, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within a container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device through angular positions between the horizontal position and the second vertical downwards position. Such movement can be terminated at any desired angular position between the horizontal position and the second vertical downwards position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within a container, a room or a defined environment is described herein. 
     K. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Horizontal Position to a First Vertical Position within a Container, a Room or a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position within a container to a first vertical position within a container, a room, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a first vertical within a container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device through angular positions between the horizontal position and the first vertical position. Such movement can be terminated at any desired angular position between the horizontal position and the first vertical position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position within a container to a first vertical position within a container, a room, or a defined environment is described herein. 
     L. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Vertical Position to a Second Vertical Position within a Container, a Room or a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical position within a container, a room, or a defined environment to a second vertical position within the container, room or defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical position to a second vertical position within a container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device in increments of inches or centimeters between the first vertical position and the second vertical position. Such movement can be terminated at any desired position between the first vertical position and the second vertical position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical position within a container to a second vertical position within a container is described herein. 
     M. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Horizontal Position to a Second Horizontal Position within a Container, a Room or a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first horizontal position within a container, a room, or a defined environment to a second horizontal position within the container, room or defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a first horizontal position to a second horizontal position within a container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device in increments of inches or centimeters between the first horizontal position and the second horizontal position. Such movement can be terminated at any desired position between the first horizontal position and the second horizontal position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a first horizontal position within a container to a second horizontal position within a container is described herein. For example, it has been found that members of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices are particular useful for sanitizing large containers, large rooms and large defined environments. As described in the Examples, UV devices have been used to sterilize tanks having a capacity ranging from about 5,000 gallons to more than 200,000 gallons, ranging in diameters from several yards or meters to about ten yards or meters. Sometimes, those large containers do not have sufficient breathable air to permit a user of a portable UV device to crawl into such container and move the UV device from a first position to a second position, either horizontally, vertically or angularly. While in some embodiments, motorized units are used to accomplish such movements, other embodiments provide for a simple manual use. In such embodiments, an extension tool is provided ( FIG. 62 ). In some embodiments, an extension tool comprises an extension rod  173 , which can be of varying length. In some embodiments, the extension rod  173  is extendable by itself and the length of extension is locked in by a fastening mechanism. In some embodiments, the extension tool comprises a base plate  172 , having a front side and a back side ( FIG. 62 ). In some embodiments, the extension rod  173  is attached to the back side of the base plate ( FIG. 62 ). In some embodiments, a plurality of wheels  114  are attached to the base plate  172  ( FIG. 62 ). Once connected to the extension tool (see below), wheels  114  facilitate movement of a portable UV device within a container, room or defined environment. In some embodiments, an extension tool further comprises a top plate  171  having an upper side and a lower side ( FIG. 62 ). In some embodiments of an extension tool, the top plate  171  is attached to the base plate  172  in a perpendicular orientation. Other attachments are within the art. 
       FIG. 63  shows an exemplary attachment of an extension tool to a portable UV device. In this non-limiting example, the extension tool is connected to a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment. More specifically, in this non-limiting example, the extension tool is connected to a mounting bracket  3  attached to the portable UV device. As shown un  FIG. 63 , the mounting bracket  3  adapted to attach the portable UV device to an opening of e.g., a container, is further adapted to connect with the extension tool. More specifically, the top plate  171  of the extension tool is attached to the mounting bracket  3  and fastened to it by the bracket tightening knob  149 . As further shown in  FIG. 64 , once the extension tool is attached to the mounting bracket  3 , the portable UV device is then positioned on the bottom of the large container at its first horizontal position. This is made possible because of the second hinge  174 , which moveable connects the bracket  3  with the lower frame  146  of the UV device. By manually pushing the extension tool and facilitated by the wheels  114  attached to the portable UV device and wheels  114  attached to the extension tool, a user can easily move the portable UV device from the first horizontal position to a second horizontal position within the container (or a room or a defined environment). To ensure that the vertical interior surfaces are treated with approximately the same UV dose, in some embodiments, the second horizontal position is in the middle of a container, room, or defined environment. Once the sanitization cycle is complete, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a user will pull back the extension tool and thereby move the portable UV device from that second horizontal position back to the first horizontal position for easy retrieval from the container, room or defined environment. 
     N. Inhibiting Growth of Microorganisms 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light source is used to inhibit the growth of a microorganism or inhibit the growth of one or more microorganisms. The terms “inhibiting the growth of microorganisms,” “growth arresting microorganisms,” “reducing microorganisms,” “killing microorganisms,” or grammatically equivalents are used interchangeably herein. 
     In some embodiments of the present invention, a microorganism is a yeast species. The following provides a non-exhaustive list of yeast species that are typically found in a fermentation container, and more specifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container. Yeast species that have been investigated for wine and beer production include those from the  Candida, Kloeckera, Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces, Pichia, Hansenula, Metschnikowia, Torulespora, Debaryomyces, Saccharrmycodes  (species  ludwigii ), and  Williopsis genera . Cultured yeast species include  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  and  Saccharomyces bayanus . The growth of non- Saccharomyces  yeast in wine production is also being investigated and can be inhibited. Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a yeast species using a method of the present invention. For example, 17,600 μWs/cm 2  is necessary for a 2 log killing of  Sacchahhmycodes  and 6,600 μWs/cm 2  for a 2 log killing of Brewer&#39;s yeast. UV intensities required for sterilization for unknown microorganism species can be determined by one of skill in the art using methods known in the art and described herein. 
     Some of the microorganisms found in a fermentation container, more specifically, on an interior surface of a fermentation container, are pathogenic. In some embodiments of the present invention, a microorganism is a pathogenic microorganism. Those microorganisms include, but are not limited to,  Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Salmonella paratyphi  (causing enteric fever),  Salmonella typhosa  (causing typhoid fever),  Shigella dysenteriae  (causing dysentery),  Shigella flexerni  (causing dysentery),  Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus viridian  and  Vibrio comma  (causing cholera). Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a pathogenic microorganism using a method of the present invention. 
     Other microorganisms found in a fermentation container, more specifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container, are detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage. Those microorganisms include, but are not limited to,  Brettanomyces  ( Dekkera ), lactic acid bacteria,  Pediococcus, Lactobacillus , and  Oenococcus. Brettanomyces  species include  B. abstinens, B. anomalus, B. bruxellensis, B. claussenii, B. custersianus, B. custersii, B. intermedius, B. lamnbicus , and  B. naardensis . The genus  Dekkera  (the perfect form of  Brettanomyces , meaning it can sporulate), includes the species  D. bruxellensis  and  D. intermedius . Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a microorganism, which is detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage, using a method of the present invention. 
     Other microorganisms found in a fermentation container, more specifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container, that are detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage are bacterial microorganisms. Bacteria genus include, but are not limited to,  Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus , and  Leuconostoc. Acetobacter  species include, e.g.,  A. aceti, A. hansennii, A. liquefaciens , and  A. pasteurienus. Lactobacillus  species (ML bacteria, spoilage) include, e.g.,  L. fructivorans  and others.  Pediococcus  species (ML bacteria, spoilage) include, e.g.,  P. damnosus  and others.  Leuconostoc  species (ML bacteria) include, e.g.,  L. o  and others. Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a bacterial microorganism using a method of the present invention. 
     1. Duration of Sterilization 
     The duration of sterilization, i.e., the time of activating a UV light source, determines the percentage of how many microorganisms are growth arrested or killed. As one of skill in the art will appreciate, the duration of a sterilization cycle is based on the power output of the UV lamp and the distance of the UV lamp from the walls and surfaces of the container to be sterilized. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for a time to ensure that at least 90% of the microorganisms present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 90% growth arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 1 log reduction. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for a time to ensure that at least 99% of the microorganisms present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99% growth arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 2 log reduction. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for a time to ensure that at least 99.9% of the microorganisms present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99.9% growth arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 3 log reduction. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for a time to ensure that at least 99.99% of the microorganisms present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99.99% growth arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 4 log reduction. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for a time to ensure that at least 99.999% of the microorganisms present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99.999% growth arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 5 log reduction. 
     In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for a time to ensure that at least 99.9999% of the microorganisms present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99.9999% growth arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 6 log reduction. 
     Examples 6 and 7, in particular, provide useful times and guidance for sanitization of various containers. Examples 10 and 11 provide exemplary comparative studies of sanitization using a UV device of the present invention and other sanitization methods. 
     2. Extinction Depths at 254 nm Wavelength 
     When practicing methods of the present invention, the extinction depths of the UV light source at 254 nm wavelength in various liquids needs to be taken into consideration, unless the surface of the container to be sterilized is completely dry. The application of UV light to sterilize a surface following a pressure wash would have to take into account the extinction depth of UV light at 254 nm in the remaining tap water. However, the depth of tap water the UV light must penetrate is minimal and would be equivalent to that of a film of water or at most interspersed water droplets. In some instances, the effect of depth of tap water on the duration of sterilization and kill rate will have to be tested using methods described herein and available in the art. This is due to the fact that following pressure washing of a container (e.g., a fermentation vessel), the remaining layer of water covering the container may not be homogeneous. Maximum depths of water drops can be used to calculate extra time needed for the sterilization cycle. Although the extinction coefficient could theoretically be used to calculate this, it would not take into account the reflection and scattering caused by uneven surfaces of the water film and water droplets, as such empirical data would be more useful for determining how to adjust sterilization timing. The following table provides guidance: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Extinction Depths at 254 nm Wavelength (relationship to clear water) 
               
               
                 (American Ultraviolet Company, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Liquid 
                 Extinction Depth 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Apple juice 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 Beer 
                 &lt;1.3 
               
               
                 Liquid sugar 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 Milk - whole, raw 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 Vinegar 
                 &lt;5.0 
               
               
                 Water - concrete cistern 
                 &lt;75 
               
               
                 Water - distilled 
                 3,000 
               
               
                 Water - tap or mains 
                 125-180 
               
               
                 Wine 
                 &lt;2.5 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     O. Assessing Microbial Concentration 
     Microbial concentration on interior surfaces of containers may be assessed before and after performing a method of the present invention, such as the UV disinfection and UV sterilization methods described herein. A lower microbial concentration on interior surfaces of containers after a method of the present invention, e.g., performing a UV disinfection or UV sterilization method evidences the effectiveness of the method used. Methods for assessing microbial concentration are known in the art. Exemplary methods are described herein. 
     Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventor for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on those preferred embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor intends for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. 
     As can be appreciated from the disclosure above, the present invention has a wide variety of applications. While each of the elements of the present invention is described herein as containing multiple embodiments, it should be understood that, unless indicated otherwise, each of the embodiments of a given element of the present invention is capable of being used with each of the embodiments of the other elements of the present invention and each such use is intended to form a distinct embodiment of the present invention. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the definition and scope of the invention in any way. 
     P. Sanitization of a Room, a Space or a Defined Environment 
     In some embodiments, a UV device, preferably a UV light source, more preferably a germicidal UV light source, is used to sanitize a room, a space or a defined environment. The terms “sanitization” or “sanitation” and “UV sterilization” and grammatical equivalents thereof are used interchangeably herein. The meaning of a room is not limited to an enclosed room having walls, a ceiling, a floor or other barriers, but rather includes spaces open to at least on side and any defined environment. As exemplified herein, in some embodiments, a room, a space or defined environment is selected from the group consisting of a commercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an operating room, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room, a bathroom, a food production area, a nursery home, a trailer, a truck, a wagon, a rail car, an airplane, a boat, a grocery store display case, and a deli counter. 
     Thus, the present invention provides methods for sanitization (UV sterilization) of a room, a space or a defined environment. In some embodiments of this method, the method comprises the step of providing a room, a space or a defined environment in need of sanitization and exposing the room, the space or the defined environment to ultraviolet (UV) sterilization using a UV device. In some embodiments of this method, the method comprises the step of selecting a room, a space or a defined environment in need of sanitization and exposing the room, the space or the defined environment to ultraviolet (UV) sterilization using a UV device. Suitable UV devices are described herein. Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or defined environment comprise the step of attaching a UV device to a fixture within the room, the space or the defined environment. Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or defined environment comprise the step of attaching a UV device to a wall within the room, the space or the defined environment. Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment comprise the step of attaching a UV device to a ceiling of the room, space or defined environment. Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment comprise the step of attaching a UV device to an object or structure present in the room, the space or the defined environment. Objects or structures to which a UV device can be attached include, but are not limited to, a conveyer belt, a hood, a cabinet, a display case, etc. A UV device can also be superimposed over or attached to a preexisting light fixture. 
     Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment comprise the step of moving a UV light source from a closed position to an exposed position. 
     Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment comprise the step of activating the UV light source. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device being used for the sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, a portable UV device may be used. In some embodiments, an RFID tag is mounted to a doorway of a room, a space or a defined environment intended to be sanitized. In some embodiments, an RFID tag reader is mounted to the UV device, such that when the UV device is brought into the room, the space or the defined environment, the tag is read. Information on the tag includes, but is not limited to, dimension and type of the room, the space or the defined environment, and a desired log reduction. This information is uploaded into the UV device and a sanitization cycle is preprogrammed. 
     As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment comprise steps described herein for the sanitization (UV sterilization) of a container or surface of a container. Those steps are described in detail herein and one of ordinary skill in the art can easily adapt those steps for the use in the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment. 
     In some embodiments, a room, a space or a defined environment is exposed to UV radiation. It is to be understood that the invention can be applied to any defined environment. For example, an environment may be defined by solid surfaces or barriers, such as a wall or product packaging. 
     A room, a space or a defined environment accepts a UV light source for the purpose of sterilization of a wall, a ceiling or a floor, including any and all objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces contained within the room, the space or defined environment. In some embodiments, the objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces within the room, the space or the defined environment are contained within the room, the space or the defined environment temporarily. In other embodiments, they are contained within the room, the space, the defined environment permanently. 
     The present invention provides for the sanitization of a variety of rooms, spaces or defined environments. Rooms, spaces or defined environments include, but are not limited to a commercial kitchen, an operating room, a clean room (ISO 1-ISO 9), a food production area, a nursery home. An exemplary application of a UV device described herein would be for sanitizing a sensitive area of a medical facility, such as an acute care area or an operating room. Other areas in a medical facility that can be sanitized using a UV device described herein include a waiting room, a bathroom, and a medical equipment storage cabinet. 
     A UV device described herein may also be configured into a food processing equipment so that food is treated as it moves through the equipment, for example on a conveyor belt, automatic cutters and slicers and inspection areas. The product may be tumbled to promote uniform treatment. The UV device may also be configured to be placed in containers, trailers, cars, trucks, rail cars, airplanes or as a component to a refrigeration system of such containers, trailers, cars, trucks, rail cars and airplanes to sanitize the air therein while providing the beneficial preservative effects of ozone to any products stored therein. 
     Other exemplary applications of a UV device described herein include the provision or incorporation of the UV device into grocery store display cases, such as deli counters and meat, fish and poultry display cases and floral display cases, both refrigerated and non-refrigerated. 
     Still other examples of areas that can be sanitized with a UV device described herein include parcels, packages, and envelopes, also when moving on a conveyor belt. The parcels, packages, and envelopes may be tumbled or turned to promote uniform treatment. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or defined environment, one or more UV lamps are attached to the ceiling of the room, the space or the defined environment in a housing. One non-limiting embodiment of such UV device is shown in  FIG. 27 . The housing may be referred to as a box, UV light box or box-like housing. In some embodiments of the UV device, the UV device comprises UV lamps arranged in one or more UV lamp clusters, each comprising two, three, or more UV lamps. As shown in  FIG. 27 , the UV lamp clusters can either be stationary or retrievable. The UV device may also have combinations of stationary and retrievable UV lamp clusters, For example,  FIG. 27  shows a UV device having one stationary UV lamp cluster and four retrievable UV lamp clusters. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, a UV device is a UV device mountable to the ceiling or wall of a room, a space or a defined environment and comprises at least one stationary UV lamp cluster and at least one retrievable UV lamp cluster. In other embodiments, all UV lamp clusters are retrievable. In still other embodiments, all UV lamp clusters are stationary. 
     As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a UV device mountable to a ceiling or wall may have different configurations with respect to height, width and length dimensions as the one shown in  FIG. 27 . 
     When the UV lamp clusters comprising the UV lamps  5  are in a closed, locked or folded position, they may be folded completely within a box-like housing  79  as shown in  FIG. 27B . This can be easily achieved by positioning UV lamp holders  82  at slightly different height positions on the sides of the box-like housing  79  as shown in  FIG. 27 . A hinge or UV lamp module swing  81  serves to move the UV lamp holder into a desired position, for example from a closed, locked, or folded position into a position where the UV lamps are exposed ( FIG. 27 ). Optionally, the UV lamp clusters may be covered temporarily with a removable lid, cover, or panel when in the closed, locked or folded position. The interior surface of box-like housing  79  may be covered with a reflective interior surface so to enhance the sanitization process. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device mountable to a ceiling or wall of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamps or UV lamp clusters are fully enclosed in a housing when not in use. Prior to use of the UV lamps or UV lamp clusters for sanitization, the UV lamps or UV lamp clusters are moved from an enclosed position to an exposed position through one or more openings in the housing. The opening of the housing may also be covered by a flap door/hinge mechanism so that the UV lamps are not visible when the UV device is not in use. 
     In some embodiments, the UV lamp clusters extend from the box-like housing at varying angles. 
     A motor may be used to move the hinge or UV lamp module swing  81  and arrest them in a desired fixed angle position. Thus, the position of the UV lamps is adjustable vertically and horizontally in relation to the housing to optimize sanitization. Adjustments may be made hydraulically, pneumatically, electronically, mechanically, or by other equivalent means. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or defined environment, one or more UV lamps are attached to the side of a room, a space or a defined environment in a housing. The housing can be similar to the one shown in  FIG. 27 , however, may have different configurations with respect to height, width and length dimensions. When in use, the UV lamps may extend from the housing at varying angles. When not in use, the UV lamps may be retracted into a closed, locked, or folded position. Positioning the UV lamps into a desired position can be done by using a motor. 
     A UV device described herein may be configured for general room sanitization, space sanitization or defined environment sanitization applications wherein the UV device, or components thereof, may be placed on a moving part, either permanently or temporarily during the sanitization procedure. In some embodiments, a moving part comprises a motorized unit. In some embodiments, a moving part comprises a railing system to which a UV device is movably attached, either temporarily or permanently. The railing system then determines the movement of the UV device within the room, the space or the defined environment. In some embodiments, a railing system is attached to a ceiling of the room, the space or the defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV device comprises a range finding device to determine the size of the room, the space or the defined environment to be sanitized. The range-finder then provides information to preprogram an effective sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, a multi bulb UV cluster extends from the ceiling of a room, a space or a defined environment with the UV lamps extending at varying angles to optimize coverage and UV exposure of the room, the space or the defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, a multi lamp UV cluster extends from the ceiling of a room, a space or a defined environment with individual UV light coming down independently at varying angles. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamp cluster and housing are permanently fixed to either a wall, a floor, or a ceiling of the room, the space or the defined environment. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamp cluster is attached via a fixture to the ceiling of the room, the space or the defined environment. The fixture may be permanently attached and the UV bulb cluster and housing may be removable. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, the dimensions of the room, the space or the defined environment are preprogrammed into the UV device allowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized and the minimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation to be reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganism or more, determined as described herein. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV device is linked to a motion detector. This may be helpful to ensure people and/or animals are absent from the room, the space or the defined environment prior to the beginning of the sanitization cycle. It will also be helpful for shutting off and deactivating the UV sterilization process if a person enters a room, a space or a defined environment while a UV sterilization process is in process. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, multiple UV lamp clusters are spread throughout the room, the space or the defined environment. Based on the dimension and shape of the room, the space or the defined environment, the positioning of the UV lamps and angles are accounted for and this information is programmed into an algorithm allowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized and the minimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation to be reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganism or more, determined as described herein. The positioning of the UV lamps and angles can also be communicated via wireless technology. In some embodiments, a rangefinder analyzes the shape and dimension of the room, the space or the defined environment and inputs that information into an algorithm allowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized and the minimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation to be reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganisms or more, determined as described herein. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV bulb is attached to the bottom of a robot having wheels and follows programming allowing it to both perform an effective moving pattern on the floor covering desired areas. The robot may also have an object and wall avoiding programming and technology. The robot may move at a speed allowing an effective UV dose required for sanitization to be reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganisms or more, determined as described herein. 
     In some embodiments of a UV device, the UV bulb is attached to the bottom of a robot crawler that uses suction allowing it to crawl vertically on walls and horizontally on ceilings of a room, space or environment. The robot crawler may follow programming allowing it to perform an effective pattern on the wall and ceiling covering desired areas. The robot crawler may move at a speed allowing an effective UV dose required for sanitization to be reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganisms or more, determined as described herein. 
     It is also understood that for the methods described herein, individual steps may be performed by more than one person or more than one entity. Thus, not every step of a method described herein must be performed by the same person or entity. 
     VI. Methods of Manufacturing 
     In another aspect of the present invention, methods of manufacturing a UV device described herein, are provided. While the following provides steps for manufacturing a UV device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices, one of ordinary skill in the art will deduce from thereon steps for manufacturing other UV devices described herein as well. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the steps provided below may be performed in any order, unless clearly contradicted by content or explicitly stated. One of ordinary skill in the art reviewing  FIGS. 49-67  will readily identify locations within the UV device to which individual parts and components have been attached. One of ordinary skill in the art reviewing  FIGS. 49-67 , however, will also appreciate that those locations to which individual parts are shown being attached, are non-limiting. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the steps of attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source to a lower frame  146 , attaching at least one second germicidal UV light source to an upper frame, and attaching a first hinge  145  to the lower frame  146  and to the upper frame thereby connecting the lower frame  146  to the upper frame so that the upper frame can move in a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 . In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching the first hinge  145  to the lower frame  146  and to the upper frame using fasteners  177  so that fasteners  177  movably connect the upper frame to the lower frame  146  wherein the upper frame is capable of swinging into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame. Suitable means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame and individual components thereof for attaching are described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of surrounding a first germicidal UV light source with a UV light permissible housing  2 . Suitable housings  2  are described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of surrounding a second germicidal UV light source with a UV light permissible housing  2 . Suitable housings  2  are described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching to the lower frame  146  a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. Suitable means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment and individual components thereof for attaching are described herein and shown in figures. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a bracket tightening knob  149  to the means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a first rope post  150  to the means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second rope post  151  to the means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment to the lower frame  146  via a second hinge  174 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a first upper frame end  147  to the upper frame. Suitable non-limiting, examples of first upper frame ends  147  are described herein and shown in figures. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second upper frame end  152  to the upper frame. Suitable non-limiting examples of second upper frame ends  152  are described herein and shown in figures. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a first lower frame end  148  to the lower frame  146 . Suitable non-limiting examples of first lower frame ends  148  are described herein and shown in figures. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second lower frame end  153  to the lower frame  146 . Suitable non-limiting examples of second lower frame ends  153  are described herein and shown in figures. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a UV sensor  154  to the upper frame. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a UV sensor  154  to the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a plurality of protective rods  155  between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a plurality of protective rods  155  between the first lower frame end  148  and the second lower frame end  153 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a plurality of cross connectors  156  to the upper frame so that the plurality of protective rods  155  penetrates same. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching an upper frame fixture clip  157  to the first lower frame end  148  so that the upper frame fixture clip  157  can engage with the first upper frame end  147  and prevents the upper frame from moving. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of running a cable  158  through a cable guide  180  of the first hinge  145  so that a first end of the cable  158  can engage with a first hook  178  of an extension spring  165  and so that the second end of cable  158  is fixed in a cable anchoring point  182  within the first hinge  145 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a cross connector  164  to lower frame  146   
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a first side plate  162  to the cross connector  164 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second side plate  163  to the cross connector  164 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a side plate spacer  161  between the first side plate  162  and the second side plate  163 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a stop post  159  to the first side plate  162  so that the stop post  159  prevents the upper frame of the portable UV device to move beyond a perpendicular/vertical position with respect to the lower frame  146  of the UV device. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a stop post  159  to the second side plate  163  so that the stop post  159  prevents the upper frame of the portable UV device to move beyond a perpendicular/vertical position with respect to the lower frame  146  of the UV device. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second anchoring post  168  for an extension spring  165  to the lower frame  146 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a first hook  178  of an extension spring  165  to the first end of cable  158  to form a first anchoring post  167  for the extension spring  165 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second hook  179  of an extension spring  165  to second anchoring post  168  for the extension spring  165 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a handle  91  to the second anchoring post  168 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of coating the lower side of the lower frame  146  with a plastic or teflon. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of drilling an aperture into the first upper frame end  147  so that it can serve as a rope anchoring point  170 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching UV lamp sockets  94  to a first germicidal UV light source and attaching the UV lamp sockets  94 /first germicidal UV light source to openings in the first upper frame end  147  and in the second upper frame end  152  so that the first germicidal UV light source is positioned in between the first upper frame end  147  and the second upper frame end  152 . 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching UV lamp sockets  94  to a second germicidal UV light source and attaching the UV lamp sockets  94 /second germicidal UV light source to openings in the first lower frame end  148  and in the second lower frame end  153  so that the second germicidal UV light source is positioned in between the first lower frame end  148  and the second lower frame end  153 . 
     VII. Examples 
     The below examples are meant to illustrate specific embodiments of the methods and compositions described herein and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. 
     Example 1. Assessing Microbial Concentration 
     i. Inoculation of a Container 
     The following is an exemplary method for assessing microbial concentration in a tank after UV disinfection according to a method described herein and after using the standard sodium hydroxide and citric acid procedure or hypochlorite and citric acid (Emmanuel et al., 2004 , Environmental International,  30(7): 891-900). 
     Four tanks (wine fermentation vessels; stainless steel) are provided. Two tanks have a 36″ radius and two tanks have a 60″ radius and a height of 120″. The tanks are pressure washed with water and inoculated with spoilage yeast, cultured yeast, and pathogenic microorganisms (see Table 8). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Inoculating Containers (Tanks) With Microorganism 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Spoilage Yeast 
                 Cultured Yeast 
                 Pathogenic Microorganisms 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces abstinens 
                 
                 
                   Saccharomyces 
                 
                   Salmonella  spp 
               
               
                   
                 
                   cerevisiae 
                 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces anomalus 
                 
                 
                   Saccharomyces 
                 
                 
                   Clostridium botulinum 
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   bayanus 
                 
                   
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces bruxellensis 
                 
                   
                 
                   Staphylococcus aureus 
                 
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces claussenii 
                 
                   
                 
                   Campylobacter jejuni 
                 
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces custersianus 
                 
                   
                   Yersinia enterocolitica  and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 
                 
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces custersii 
                 
                   
                 
                   Listeria monocytogenes 
                 
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces intermedius 
                 
                   
                   Vibrio cholerae  O1 
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces lambicus 
                 
                   
                   Vibrio cholerae  non-O1 
               
               
                 
                   Brettanomyces naardensis 
                 
                   
                 
                   Vibrio parahaemolyticus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and other vibrios 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Vibrio vulnificus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Clostridium perfringens 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Bacillus cereus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Aeromonas hydrophila 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and other spp 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Plesiomonas shigelloides 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   Shigella  spp 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Miscellaneous enterics 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Streptococcus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Escherichia coli 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterotoxigenic (ETEC) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Escherichia coli 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enteropathogenic (EPEC) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   Escherichia coli  O157:H7 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 
                   Escherichia coli 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enteroinvasive (EIEC) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The tanks are inoculated on multiple surfaces, such as the corners, the weld seams, the bottom and sides of the tanks. After the inoculation and before the UV or chemical disinfection, samples are collected from several interior surfaces of the tanks (as described below). Those samples will be referred to as control samples or no treatment samples. 
     A UV light source, an American Air and Water UVC lamp 64″ in length with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (Model GML270) is inserted into a 36″ radius tank (see,  FIGS. 1-3 ) and activated for 1 minute and 26 seconds for each 64″ interval of the tank. The UV-C lamp is moved down the 36″ radius tank until the entire interior surface has been covered by the same intensity (dose) of UV-C light. After each interval of 1 minute and 26 seconds the UV lamp will be lowered by 64″. In order to kill 100% of  Saccharomyces  sp. Yeast, 17,600 microwatt/cm 2  is needed (The timing of 1 minute and 26 seconds was based on achieving 17,600 microwatt/cm 2  at a distance of 36″). 
     A UV light source, an American Air and water UVC lamp 64″ in length with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (Model GML270) is inserted into a 60″ radius tank (see,  FIGS. 1-3 ) and activated for 3 minute and 41 seconds for each 64″ interval of the tank. The UV-C lamp is moved down the 60″ radius tank until the entire interior surface has been covered by the same intensity (dose) of UV-C light. After each interval of 3 minute and 41 seconds the lamp will be lowered by 64″ In order to kill 100% of  Saccharomyces  sp. Yeast, 17,600 microwatt/cm 2  is needed (The timing of 3 minute and 41 seconds was based on achieving 17,600 microwatt/cm 2  at a distance of 60″). 
     The other 36″ and 60″ tanks, which have been comparably inoculated, are cleaned using the standard sodium hydroxide and citric acid solutions. 
     In a separate series of experiments, following inoculation, the tanks are sterilized/disinfected at different time intervals simulating alcoholic beverage production protocols (e.g., the time between tanks being emptied and then refilled). 
     ii. Collecting Samples from an Interior Surface of a Container 
     After completing the UV disinfection or the chemical disinfection as described above, the interior surfaces of the tanks are wiped using, e.g., Fellowes Surface Cleaning Wipes (STRATUS Inc., Amarillo, Tex.), which are premoisten antistatic wipes. Prior to the sampling, a sheet of original wipe cloth is cut to one forth size (48 cm 2 ) using sterilized scissors, placed into sterile whirl pack bags, and placed under a UV lamp for disinfection. Several areas of the tanks are wiped back and forth over the entire surface area of approximately 10 cm′ using several vertical strokes, then folded with the fresh side of the wipe exposed, and several horizontal strokes were made over the same area with the other side of the wipe. After the sampling, the wipes are placed in 10 mL of phosphate buffer saline plus 0.01% Tween-80 (PBST) in 50-mL tubes. Types of sampling areas are recorded after the sampling. 
     iii. Microbial Assays 
     Collected wipe samples are assayed with culture methods to measure viable microorganisms. Selective agars, i.e. Tryptic(ase) Soy Agar (TSA) for mesophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) for  Staphylococcus , CHROMagar for methicillin resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) for total fungi are used. 
     The log reduction of each inoculated microorganism species is recorded. Experiments are repeated to obtain statistically significant results. 
     iv. Pulsed UV Light 
     In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. to iii. of above, are repeated using a pulsed UV light. Xenon, SteriPulse-XL and Model RS-3000M will be used. As shown in  FIG. 10, 11 , or  16  one pulsed UV lamp will be mounted on laterally adjustable arms or mounts that allow the pulsed UV lamp to be brought within the optimal distance of 1.25″ of the surface to be sterilized. The pulsed UV lamp uses an elliptical window and has a footprint of 16″×1″. The pulsed UV lamp will be rotated at speed such that the footprint is exposed for a duration of 1 second on the surface being sterilized. For the tank with a 36″ radius that means that the rate of rotation will be 0.277 rpm. After a 16″ interval of the tank has been exposed to the pulsed UV, the device will be lowered by 16″ and the rotation will be repeated. This will be repeated in 16″ interval until the entire surface of the vessel has been exposed. 
     v. Closed Top Container 
     In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. to iv. of above, are repeated using a closed top fermentation vessel. Essentially, the only difference will be that instead of supporting the UV device by a bracket from the top of the fermentation vessel, the UV device will be mounted on a tripod and inserted through a hatch at the base of the fermentation vessel. 
     vi. Pressure Washing at Various Times 
     In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. to v. of above, are repeated by performing the pressure washing after various times following the inoculation. In this series of experiments it is also determined what, if any, effect the presence of water droplets will have on the log reduction. This is done by employing the UV device at various times following the pressure washing. 
     The first set of experiments involves inoculating the tanks and pressure washing them at different time intervals following inoculation, such as 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 144 hours. The pressure washing is then immediately followed by a UV sterilization cycle. This is done to determine whether the time bacteria and yeast are allowed to grow prior to pressure washing affects the final duration of the sterilization cycle. 
     Another set of experiments will not vary the time between inoculation and pressure washing, but rather the time between pressure washing and UV sterilization. The objective will be to determine the effects of varying amounts of water on the inner surface of the tank and its effect on the duration of the sterilization cycle and log reduction. In this set of experiments, the UV sterilization cycle can be applied at 0 minutes following the pressure washing, 15 minutes following the pressure washing and in continually increasing 15 minute intervals following the pressure washing until the tank is completely dry. 
     vii. Dry Interior Surface 
     In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. to vi. of above, are repeated by including the step of allowing the interior surface of the tanks to dry after performing the pressure washing. 
     Example 2. Calculating Killing of Microorganisms 
     The following provides the steps to calculate the time needed to kill a desired microorganism using compositions and methods of the present invention. The required Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in Ws/cm 2  needed for kill factor is provided herein in Tables 1-5. To determine the intensity of UV on a surface at various distances from a germicidal UV lamp one divides the radiant energy (shown in microwatts per square centimeter at one meter) by the intensity factor as shown in the Table 9 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Intensity Factor (American Ultraviolet Company, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Distance from UV Lamp 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2″ 
                 3″ 
                 4″ 
                 6″ 
                 8″ 
                 10″ 
                 12″ 
                 14″ 
                 18″ 
                 24″ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Intensity 
                 32.3 
                 22.8 
                 18.6 
                 12.9 
                 9.85 
                 7.94 
                 6.48 
                 5.35 
                 3.6 
                 2.33 
               
               
                 Factor 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Distance from UV Lamp 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 39.37″ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 36″ 
                 (1 meter) 
                 48″ 
                 60″ 
                 80″ 
                 100″ 
                 120″ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Intensity 
                 1.22 
                 1.0 
                 0.681 
                 0.452 
                 0256 
                 0.169 
                 0.115 
               
               
                 Factor 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Using a UV lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 36″ from the interior surface, the following calculations are used for achieving 99% killing of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  (13,200 microwatt seconds/cm 2  required; see Table 5). Step 1: 13,200 microwatt seconds/cm 2 /190 microwatts/cm 2 =69.47 seconds. Step 2: The intensity factor at 36″ is 1.22 (see Table 9), therefore 69.47 seconds/1.22=56.96 seconds. 
     Using a lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 60″ from the interior surface, the following calculations are used for achieving 99% killing of  Shigella  dysentery (4,200 microwatt seconds/cm 2  required; see Table 2): Step 1. 4,200 microwatt seconds/cm 2 /190 microwatts/cm 2 =22.10 seconds. Step 2: The intensity factor at 60″ is 0.452 (see Table 9), therefore 22.10 seconds/0.452=48.90 seconds. 
     Using a lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm 2  at 254 nm (at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 60″ from the interior surface, the following calculations are used for achieving 99% killing of  Sarcina lutea  (26,400 microwatt seconds/cm 2  required; see Table 2): Step 1. 26,400 microwatt seconds/cm 2 /190 microwatts/cm 2 =138.94 seconds. Step 2; The intensity factor at 60″ is 0.452 (see Table 9), therefore 138.94 seconds/0.452=307.40 seconds. 
     Since  Sarcina lutea  is one of the most UV resistant bacteria (more resistant than known species of yeast), a fermentation vessel where the UV source was 60″ away from the internal surface could be left on for about 307.40 seconds at each sterilization interval within the vessel to ensure all yeast (known) and pathogenic microorganisms are killed. 
     Example 3. Inhibiting the Growth of  Bacillus Subtilis    
     To determine the effectiveness of a method of the present invention and efficacy of a UV device of the present invention for the sanitization of a stainless steel tank used in the wine making process, the killing/growth arrest of  Bacillus subtilis  (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC Number 82TM; designations: AMC [ATCC 8037, NRS 315]) was investigated.  Bacillus  subtilus forms spores, thereby making it a more UV resistant microorganism than microorganisms that do not form spores. In this experiment 30″ SE UV-C lamps (Steril-Aire) were used. Three identical UV lamps were placed in a mount and put in a spiral configuration with each UV lamp set at a 15 degrees angle. 
     Two coupons (per time point) were spiked with a  Bacillus subtilus  suspension to give a final concentration of 9.6×10 6  CFU (colony forming units)/coupon for the first three time points. The fourth (25 minute) time point was inoculated with a suspension of 1.3×10 7  CFU/coupon (since it was tested on a different day) and allowed to air dry inside a biological safety cabinet. The coupons were allowed to dry and attached to the inside of stainless steel tank. Then the coupons were exposed to the UV light at a distance of 60″ from the UV light source for four all four (4) time points: 30 seconds, 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 25 minutes. After each exposure time was performed, the coupons were swabbed in order to perform the recovery process. Two additional stainless steel coupons were spiked to be used as positive controls. 
     UV readings to measure the UV-C exposure at various time points were done using a General UV512C Digital UV-C Meter (radiometer). Table 10 below provides the actual UV readings recorded for each exposure time: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 UV Readings per Time Point and Interval. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 30 Seconds 
                 5 Minutes 
                 15 Minutes 
                 25 Minutes 
               
               
                 Time Point 
                 Time Point 
                 Time Point 
                 Time Point 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Seconds 
                 uW 
                 Minutes 
                 uW 
                 Minutes 
                 uW 
                 Minutes 
                 uW 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 5 
                 42 
                 0.5 
                 135 
                 1 
                 243 
                 3 
                 200 
               
               
                 10 
                 54 
                 1 
                 202 
                 2 
                 225 
                 6 
                 179 
               
               
                 15 
                 69 
                 1.5 
                 206 
                 3 
                 212 
                 9 
                 174 
               
               
                 20 
                 87 
                 2 
                 204 
                 4 
                 198 
                 12 
                 167 
               
               
                 25 
                 109 
                 2.5 
                 202 
                 5 
                 186 
                 15 
                 162 
               
               
                 30 
                 135 
                 3 
                 198 
                 6 
                 177 
                 18 
                 159 
               
               
                   
                   
                 3.5 
                 195 
                 7 
                 176 
                 21 
                 162 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4 
                 192 
                 8 
                 181 
                 24 
                 169 
               
               
                   
                   
                 4.5 
                 190 
                 9 
                 175 
               
               
                   
                   
                 5 
                 184 
                 10 
                 172 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 11 
                 171 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 12 
                 171 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 13 
                 171 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 14 
                 170 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15 
                 168 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The recovery of  Bacillus subtilis  from the coupons after 30 seconds exposure to the UV light was 5.3×10 5  CFU/ml. After 5 minutes exposure to the UV light, the recovery of  Bacillus subtilis  was reduced to 1.4×10 3  CFU/ml. After 15 minutes exposure to the UV light, the recovery of  Bacillus subtilis  was further reduced to 1.5×10 1  CFU/ml. Finally, after 25 minutes exposure to the UV light, no microorganisms were recovered. The recovery positive control had a count of 6.4×10 5  CFU/ml for the first three time points and 8.1×10 5  CFU/ml for the fourth time point. 
     Table 11 below summarizes the results of the above experiment and provides the log reduction results based on calculations from  Bacillus subtilis  recovery from test coupon vs. positive control. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Inhibiting the growth of  Bacillus subtilis . 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Concentration  Bacillus   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Exposure Time 
                   subtilis  Recovered (CFU/ml) 
                 Log Reduction 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 30 seconds 
                 5.3 × 10 5   
                 0.1 
               
               
                   
                  5 minutes 
                 1.4 × 10 3   
                 2.7 
               
               
                   
                 15 minutes 
                 1.5 × 10 1   
                 4.6 
               
               
                   
                 25 minutes 
                 0 
                 5.9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The results of this experiment demonstrated that the UV light source tested was effective in reducing the  Bacillus subtilis  microorganism population by about 3 logs at an exposure time of 5 minutes, by about 5 logs at an exposure time of 15 minutes and by about 6 logs at exposure time of 25 minutes. 
     One of skill in the art will appreciate that in view of the experiments described above, a lower UV dose will be required to kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms that do not produce spores. Thus, by having demonstrated that one of the most UV-resistant microorganisms can be efficiently killed or growth inhibited using a method of the present invention, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the methods of the present invention in combination with the UV devices of the present invention are useful to kill or growth inhibit other microorganism that might be present in a fermentation container, more specifically on a surface of a fermentation container 
     Example 4. Sanitization of a Room 
     The following provides an exemplary procedure for UV sterilization of a room, in particular, an operating room, a clean room (ISO 1-9), a nursing home, or a kitchen (commercial or residential). The UV device for sanitizing the room will be fixed to the ceiling of, for example, a 20 ft by 20 ft room. The UV device is allowed to determine the dimensions of the room and program a sanitization cycle. The room has all of the standard equipment and features of an operating room (OR), a clean room (ISO 1-9), a nursing home, or a kitchen (commercial or residential). Radiometers and plates pre inoculated with pathogenic microorganisms (such as but not limited to:  Streptococcus  and  Pseudomonas , and foodborne bacteria such as  Shigella, Campylobacter , and  Salmonella ) are placed throughout the room at varying distances from the UV device to determine the UV-C intensity level attained in addition to the log reduction of microorganisms. Furthermore, swab tests are taken at those locations in addition to swabbing objects of different material composition, such as polymers, metals, papers, and fabrics. This is to determine log reductions on objects of different material. Areas of potential shading are also tested in a similar fashion in order to determine the effects of reflected light on log reductions and UV-C intensity. 
     These experiments are repeated in each room type, however with multiple UV devices in the room. One UV device is fixed to the ceiling, one to each wall. The UV devices are allowed to scan the respective room and communicate with one another, and program a sanitization cycle. 
     In some embodiments the UV device will communicate with a surface reading radar unit that will enable it to detect relative distances of objects in the room, material type and will program a sanitization cycle based on the nature of the material and the positioning of the objects and room size. 
     Example 5. Using UV Device UV55 
     The UV device UV55 has been extensively tested on 55 gallon wine drums having a 2″ Tri-clover™ fitting located on the side (see below, Examples 6, 7). The UV device UV55 is particularly well suited for use on any small container from about 15 gallon kegs to about 550 gallon Porta tanks. In addition, it has also been tested on oak barrels (see Examples 6). The UV device UV55 comprises an 18″ SE lamp manufactured by Steril-Aire. As tests demonstrated, at least a 5 log reduction of microorganism growth was observed when the UV device UV55 was tested in a 55 gallon drum after 3 minutes of activation (i.e., exposure of UV radiation onto the interior surface of the container, which was spiked with microorganisms). Using UV device UV55 the following applications have been proven successful: 3 minutes of exposure for 15 gallon kegs, 6 minutes for a 55 gallon drum, 12 minutes for a Porta tank or oak barrel. Among others, testing was performed with  Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a gram negative bacterium similar to many of the herein mentioned microbes potentially harmful to wine production. 
     The following provides a more detailed user guide for using UV device UV55. UV device UV55 is plugged in. The user will want to make sure that the central sleeve tightening knob  86  on the side of the metal sleeve attachment ring  95  is loosened prior to use so that the central sleeve  12  can slide downwardly and upwardly easily. For storage and protection of the UV lamp  5 , the central sleeve  12  is pulled into its most upward position so that the UV lamp fully retracts beyond the position of the base plate  10 . The on/off or reset button  85  at the handle cap  92  is set to an on/reset position. To turn off the UV device UV55, the on/off or reset button  85  is pressed downwards. To turn on the UV device UV55, the on/off or reset button  85  is twisted clockwise. 
     The user places UV device UV55 on top of a container  4  so that the housing  2  is positioned on top of an opening within the container  4 . The opening on top of the container is at least wide enough to allow the insertion of the UV lamp  5 . If the opening of the container is wider than the base plate  10  of the UV device, the user is advised to use an additional protective shield and cover the opening of the container (but leave an opening wide enough to allow insertion of the UV lamp  5 ) to not get exposed to UV irradiation during the sterilization process. The protective shield may have any shape or form or size—as long as it provides an opening through which a UV lamp  5  can be inserted and prevents exposure to UV irradiation. 
     Once the housing  2  is positioned on top of the opening of the container  4  and the central sleeve knob  86  is loosened, a user can lower the UV lamp  5  into the container by allowing the central sleeve  12  to move downwardly. A user may conveniently control this downward movement by holding on to the handle  91  or hanging hook  84 . As the central sleeve is lowered, the optical switch  98  is activated. In addition, an audible beep will sound to indicate that a sterilization cycle has started and LED lights behind the translucent plastic ring  87  will blink. Minutes of the sterilization cycle will be indicated by a specific number of blinks. Minute one is indicated by one blink, minute two is indicated by two blinks, minute tree is indicated by three blinks, etc. 
     Using UV device UV55 a standard keg can be sterilized in about three minutes. Using UV device UV55 a standard drum can be sterilized in about six minutes. At 12 minutes of use, an audible beep will sound alerting the user to the amount of time which has elapsed. The UV lamp  5  will remain on until switched off (see above). 
     UV device UV55 will be automatically reset as the user moves the central sleeve  12  upwardly and the optical switch  98  moves upwardly out of the housing  2 . The sterilization cycle of another container may be done. 
     Example 6. UV Sanitation of a Wooden Barrel Using UV Device UV55 
     A study was performed to determine the efficacy of UV device UV55 for the sanitization of wood barrel tanks used in the wine making process. The study was performed by inoculating the interior surface of wood barrel coupons (in triplicate) with a suspension of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The coupons were then exposed to UV light according to Table 12. 
     Details of this study were as follows: Three coupons (per time point) were spiked with the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  suspension to give a final concentration of 1.9×10 7  CFU/coupon. The coupons were placed at three different locations within the tank and exposed to the UV light (UV55) for five (5) time points: 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 minutes, and 12 minutes. After each exposure time was performed, the coupons were immersed into 10 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform the enumeration/recovery process. Three additional stainless steel coupons were spiked as above and used as positive controls (no exposure to UV light). 
     The result of this study is shown in Table 12. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Growth inhibition (log reduction) of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  after 
               
               
                 exposure to UV light (UV device UV55). 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Concentration of 
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   Pseudomonas 
                 
                   
               
               
                 Exposure Time 
                   aeruginosa  recovered 
                 Log 
               
               
                 (minutes) 
                 (CFU/coupon) 
                 Reduction 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 1.3 × 10 5   
                 2.2 
               
               
                 4 
                 1.5 × 10 5   
                 2.1 
               
               
                 6 
                 1.1 × 10 5   
                 2.2 
               
               
                 8 
                 9.1 × 10 4   
                 2.3 
               
               
                 12 
                 1.4 × 10 3   
                 4.1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based on this test, it can be concluded that the UV light source tested was effective in reducing the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  population by about 4.1 logs at an exposure time of 12 minutes. 
     Example 7. A Comparative Study: UV Sanitation Using UV55 vs. Chemical Cleaning 
     A study was performed to determine the efficacy of UV device UV55 for the sanitization of stainless steel tanks used in the wine making process versus a solution of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate at a concentration of 1.56 g/L. The study was performed by inoculating the interior surface of stainless steel coupons (in triplicate) with a suspension of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The coupons were then exposed to either UV light or to the chemical solution according to Table 13. 
     Details of UV Sanitation were as follows: Three coupons (per time point) were spiked with the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  suspension to give a final concentration of 1.5×10 8  CFU/coupon. The coupons were placed at three different locations within the tank and exposed to the UV light (UV55) for four (4) time points: 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, and 8 minutes. After each exposure time was performed, the coupons were immersed into 100 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform the enumeration/recovery process. Three additional stainless steel coupons were spiked as above and used as positive controls (no exposure to UV light). 
     Details of Carbonate Solution Cleaning were as follows: Three coupons were spiked with the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  suspension to give a final concentration of 1.5×10 8  CFU/coupon. The coupons were then immersed into 100 ml of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate solution at a concentration of 1.56 g/L and then into 100 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform the enumeration/recovery process. The same positive control and suspension was used for both studies. 
     The result of this study is shown in Table 13. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Growth inhibition (log reduction) of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  after 
               
               
                 exposure to UV light (UV device UV55) and Treatment with sodium 
               
               
                 carbonate peroxyhydrate solution. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Concentration of 
                   
               
               
                 UV55 
                 
                   Pseudomonas 
                 
                   
               
               
                 Exposure Time 
                   aeruginosa  recovered 
                   
               
               
                 (minutes) 
                 (CFU/coupon) 
                 Log Reduction 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 1.8 × 10 3   
                 4.9 
               
               
                 4 
                 1.2 × 10 3   
                 5.1 
               
               
                 6 
                 8.3 × 10 2   
                 5.3 
               
               
                 8 
                  &lt;1 × 10 3   
                 ≥5.2 
               
               
                 Sodium Carbonate 
                   3 × 10 6   
                 1.7 
               
               
                 Solution 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based on this test, it can be concluded that the UV light source tested was effective in reducing growth of the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  population by &gt;5.2 logs at an exposure time of 8 minutes. The sodium carbonate solution used as a rinse was effective in reducing growth of the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  population by about 1.7 log. 
     Example 8. Vertical Versus Horizontal Irradiation of a Tank 
     A study was performed to determine whether a container could be more efficiently UV sterilized when a UV light source is inserted into the container and positioned either in a parallel (i.e., horizontal) position with respect to the bottom or top of the container or in a perpendicular (i.e., vertical) position with respect to the bottom and top of a the container. The container used in this study was a tank of 450 cm in diameter. A total UV lamp output of 300 W was employed in the testing. The 300 W output could either be a single UV lamp or a cluster of lamps. No assumptions on light blocking by mounts, cables or shields were made. 
     The calculations were made for various lamp distances from the floor (or top) of the container of 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. While the overall distribution of irradiance was highly dependent on the orientation of the UV lamps (i.e., horizontal vs. vertical; data not shown), the irradiance at the corners of the container (the more difficult area to UV sterilize) was not affected by the orientation of the UV lamps (data not shown). Under the testing parameters, it was found that the limiting irradiance for almost all configurations is around 200 uW/cm 2 . Assuming a required dose of 100,000 uJ/cm 2 , the required illumination time for achieving a 4 log reduction of bacterial growth is about 500 sec. 
     Example 9. Irradiation Study of a Tank 
     A ray tracing analysis was performed using ZEMAX® software in order to determine irradiance times and distribution within a cylindrical tank having a diameter of 38.8 ft and 40 ft in height. The UV lamps were arranged in a cluster configuration at an angle of 15 degrees with the vertical axis. The UV lamps were 1500 mm in length and 32 mm in diameter. UV-C output per bulb was 134 W. The study assumed zero reflectivity within the tank offering a worst case scenario. The optical study software (ZEMAX®) placed 4 detector plates in the orientations of North, South, East and West. 1,000,000 analysis rays were used to determine UV light distribution. The base of the UV lamps were positioned 6″ off the lower surface of the tank and at a fixed distance of 10′ from the lower port regardless of tank size. The time necessary for all surfaces to reach a minimum irradiance level of 100,000 uJ/cm 2  was determined to be approximately 166 min (data not shown). This same bulb configuration was applied to tanks of lesser dimensions and volumes and times determined to reach the aforementioned minimum level of radiance. Respective irradiation times were determined for tanks of 202,000 gallons, 120,000 gallons, 100,000 gallons and 23,000 gallons. These times were 59 minutes, 47 minutes, 30 minutes and 18.5 minutes, respectively (data not shown). 
     Example 10. Comparative Efficacy Trial of Sanitization Using UVC (UVT-4 Model) Versus Steam and Peratic Acid on Reduction of Microbial Populations on Stainless Steel Tanks 
     A comparative efficacy trial on three different tank sanitation methods was conducted at a winery in St. Helena, Calif. The objective of this comparative trial was to evaluate the sanitation efficacies of various sanitizers (Steam, Peracetic Acid (PAA), and Ultraviolet Light C (UVC)) on the reduction of wine and environmental microbe populations on interior surfaces of stainless steel production tanks. The trial was conducted on four different tanks. Briefly, the methodology of the trial was as follows: (i) tanks were emptied of wine; (ii) pre-treatment microbiological swab samples were collected from the ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (iii) tanks underwent appropriate sanitation protocol; (iv) post-treatment microbiological swab samples were collected from ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (v) microbiological swab samples were processed at a microbiology laboratory; and (vi) the survivability, percent Colony Forming Units (CFU) reduction, and Log 10  reduction of microbe populations after treatment with the various sanitizers was determined and compared. 
     The objective and scope of this trial were as follows: 
     (1). Equipment: Four stainless steel tanks; 
     (2). Surface type: 316 grade stainless steel; 
     (3). Cleaning methods: (a) water rinse, (b) caustic cleaner; 
     (4). Sanitizing methods: (a) steam; (b) PAA; (c) UVC at 253.7 nm 
     (5). Efficacy testing method: Surface-based swab recovery method to detect microbial populations 
     (6). Test locations on interior of stainless steel tanks: (a) floor; (b) wall; (c) interior ceiling 
     (7). Types of microbes monitored for on interior surfaces of tanks: (a) wine and environmental yeast; (b) wine and environmental bacteria; (c) molds 
     The methodology of the trial was as follows: 
     (A). A total of four tanks were used for the trial. 
     (B). All four tanks were emptied of wine prior to start of trial. 
     (C). Pre-treatment surface swab samples were collected from the floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank: (1). A 4 inch×4 inch square area (swab both horizontally and vertically in area) was swabbed at each location. (2). Samples collected at this stage were used to determine the starting levels of microbes, which were then used to determine the percent CFU reduction and Log 10  reduction in microbial load after each sanitizer treatment. (3). The total number of samples collected at starting point was: 4 tanks×3 sample points=12 samples.
 
(D). The tanks were exposed to the following sanitation treatment methods. (1). Tank 1 was rinsed with water and treated with steam. (2). Tank 2 was cleaned with caustic, rinsed with water, treated with PAA, and rinsed with water. (3) Tank G13 was rinsed with water and treated with UVC for 10 minutes (using Model UVT-4). (4). Tank G12 was cleaned with caustic, rinsed with water, treated with PAA, and rinsed with water.
 
(E). After application of sanitizer, post-treatment surface samples were collected from floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank. Samples were collected at different locations on tanks than locations used prior to treatments. The total number samples collected post sanitizer was: 4 tanks×3 sample points=12 samples.
 
(F). Samples were transported back to a microbiological laboratory and processed as follows: (1). All 24 samples and a saline blank were filter plated using Wallerstein Nutrient Media. (2). Plates were incubated at 29° C. for 4 to 7 days depending on rate of microbial growth. (3). After 4 to 7 days, surviving microorganisms were counted.
 
(G). The efficacy of sanitizing methods on interior surfaces of stainless steel tanks was determined by measuring the survivability, percent CFU reduction, Log 10  reduction of microbe populations after treatment with sanitizers.
 
     The data set of this trial and results are shown in  FIGS. 69A-D . The results in  FIGS. 69B-D  show that all three sanitizing methods significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. When steam was used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 81%, 94%, and 90%, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.7, 1.2, and 1.0, respectively. When PAA was used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 77%, 91%, and 99.5%, respectively, for trial #1. For trial #2, the percent CFU reduction on ceiling, wall, and floor was 85%, 90%, and 99%, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.6, 1.0, and 2.3, respectively, for trial #1. For trial #2, the Log 10  reduction on ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.8, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively. When UVC (UVT-4 Model) was used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 93%, 97%, and 99.8%, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 1.2, 1.6, and 2.8, respectively. 
     When comparing the results between the three sanitizer treatment methods, UVC (UVT-4 Model) was the most effective sanitizer at reducing microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. This was the case when looking at the data for both percent CFU reduction and Log 10  reduction of microbial loads. In  FIGS. 69C and 69D , a significant difference in reduction of microbe populations by UVC (UVT-4 Model) compared to the other sanitizing methods is indicated in grey shades. A comparison between steam and PAA showed the following with respect to reducing microbial loads: steam and PAA were approximately equivalent on the ceiling of tanks, steam was slightly more effective on the wall of tanks, and PAA was significantly more effective on the floor of tanks. 
     After comparing the data collected from the trial, UVC (UVT-4 Model) was determined to be the most effective of the three sanitizers at reducing microbial loads on all three surfaces sampled on interior of stainless steel tanks (ceiling, wall, and floor). Steam was significantly less effective than UVC and PAA at reducing microbial loads on the floor of tank. 
     The results from this trial demonstrate that UVC is a superior sanitizer for interior of winery stainless steel tanks compared to steam and chemical sanitizers currently used in the wine industry. 
     Example 11. Comparative Efficacy Trial of Sanitization Using UVC (UVT-4 Model) Versus Chlorine Dioxide on Reduction of Microbial Populations on Stainless Steel Tanks 
     A comparative efficacy trial on two different tank sanitation methods (chlorine dioxide, C102 (ozone) and UVC (UVT-4 Model)) was conducted at a winery in Sonoma, Calif. The objective of this comparative trial was to evaluate the sanitation efficacies of two different sanitizers on the reduction of wine and environmental microbe populations on interior surfaces of stainless steel production tanks. 
     The trial was conducted on four different tanks with two of the tanks receiving treatment with UVC (UVT-4 Model) and two tanks receiving treatment with ozone (chlorine dioxide). Briefly, the methodology of the trial was as follows: (i) tanks were emptied of wine; (ii) pre-treatment microbiological swab samples were collected from the ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (iii) tanks underwent appropriate sanitation protocol; (iv) post-treatment microbiological swab samples were collected from ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (v) microbiological swab samples were processed at a microbiology laboratory (BevTrac Mobile Quality Systems LLC (BevTrac)); and the survivability, percent Colony Forming Units (CFU) reduction, and Log 10  reduction of microbe populations after treatment with sanitizers was determined and compared. 
     The objective and scope of this trial were as follows: 
     (1). Equipment: Ten stainless steel tanks; 
     (2). Tank Size: approximately 6,000 gallons 
     (3). Surface type: 316 grade stainless steel; 
     (4). Cleaning methods: 270 Extra; 
     (5). Sanitizing methods: (a) UVC at 253.7 nm; (b) chlorine dioxide [Chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms by attacking amino acids within the cell. Specifically, chlorine dioxide breaks chemical bonds of amino acids (disulfide bridges and aromatic ring structures), which destroys proteins within the cell];
 
(6) Positive Control: tank not exposed to cleaner or sanitizer;
 
(7) Negative Control: tank not exposed to  Saccharomyces  inoculum and not cleaned or sanitized after study was initiated;
 
(8). Efficacy testing method: Surface-based swab recovery method to detect microbial populations;
 
(9). Test locations on interior of stainless steel tanks: (a) floor; (b) wall; (c) interior ceiling;
 
(10). Types of microbes monitored for on interior surfaces of tanks: (a) wine and environmental yeast; (b) wine and environmental bacteria; (c) molds.
 
     The methodology of the trial was as follows: 
     (A). A total of ten tanks were used for the trial. 
     (B). The tanks were cleaned and sanitized using winery standard operating procedure for tanks. 
     (C). The interior surface of all tanks, except Negative Control tank, were contaminated with  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  using a tank washer to spray inoculum. 
     (D). Pre-treatment surface swab samples were collected from the floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank after application of inoculum as follows: (1). A 4 inch×4 inch square area (swab both horizontally and vertically in area) was swabbed at each location. (2). Samples collected at this stage were used to determine the starting levels of microbes, which were then be used to determine the Log 10  reduction in microbial load after each sanitizer treatment. (3). The total number of samples collected at starting point was: 10 tanks×3 sample points=30 samples.
 
(E). The tanks were exposed to the following treatment methods. Tanks were exposed to chlorine dioxide for 10 minutes and exposed to UVC for 12 minutes. (1). Negative Control (Tank  61 )—tank not exposed to  Saccharomyces  inoculum and not cleaned or sanitized. (2). Positive Control (Tank  62 )—tank contaminated with  Saccharomyces , but not treated with cleaner or sanitizer. (3). Short wide tank (Tank  63 ) treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and chlorine dioxide. (4). Short wide tank (Tank  64 ) treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and UVC. (5). Tall thin tank (Tank  67 ) treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and chlorine dioxide. (6). Tall thin tank (Tank  68 ) treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and UVC. (7). Short wide tank (Tank  65 ) treated with chlorine dioxide. (8). Short wide tank (Tank  66 ) treated with UVC. (9). Tall thin tank (Tank  69 ) treated with chlorine dioxide. (10). Tall thin tank (Tank  57 ) treated with UVC.
 
(F). After application of sanitizer, post-treatment surface samples were collected from floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank. Samples were collected at different locations on tanks than locations used prior to treatments. The total number samples collected post sanitizer was: 10 tanks×3 sample points=30 samples.
 
(G). Samples were transported back to BevTrac laboratory and processed as follows: (1). Because the Pre-Treatment samples were expected to have a high population of yeast, these 30 samples were serial diluted in saline solution using test tubes. (2). All 60 samples and a saline blank were filter plated using Wallerstein Nutrient Media. (3). Plates were incubated at 29° C. for 4 to 7 days depending on rate of microbial growth. (4). After 4 to 7 days, surviving microorganisms were counted.
 
(H). The efficacy of sanitizing methods on interior surfaces of stainless steel tanks was determined by measuring the survivability and Log 10  reduction of microbe populations after treatment with sanitizers.
 
     The data for this trial are shown in  FIGS. 70A-I . The Negative Control tank (not exposed to yeast inoculum and not cleaned or sanitized after start of study) showed very low levels of microbial contamination both at the pre-treatment and the post-treatment sample collection times ( FIG. 70A ). This demonstrates that the tanks were effectively sanitized prior to the study and that tanks very likely did not accumulate environmental microbe contamination during the course of the study. The Positive Control tank (inoculated with yeast and not treated with cleaner or sanitizer) displayed high levels of microbial contamination both at the pretreatment and the post-treatment sample collection times ( FIG. 70A ). These results show that the interior of the tanks were effectively inoculated with yeast and that the yeast populations did not significantly decrease during the course of the study. 
       FIG. 70B  schematically depicts the effect of cleaning two short wide tanks (tanks  63  and  64 ) with 270 Extra and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Microbe survival is represented as Log 10  CFU. For reference, the microbe survival results for the Negative Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown in  FIG. 70B . The results in  FIGS. 70B and 70C  show that both sanitizing methods in combination with the cleaner significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. Both sanitizers helped to produce a ≥3 Log 10  reduction. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and chlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.6, 3.5 and 3.9, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and UVC sanitation were 3.0, 5.0, and 4.6, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this trial, the cleaner and chlorine dioxide was more effective at reducing microbial load on ceiling of tank than the combination of cleaner and UVC. However, surprisingly and unexpectedly application of the cleaner and UVC produced a significantly higher reduction of microbe load on the wall and floor compared to use of cleaner and chlorine dioxide. In  FIG. 70C , a significant difference in reduction of microbe populations by cleaner/chlorine dioxide or cleaner/UVC is indicated in grey shades. 
       FIG. 70D  schematically depicts the effect of cleaning two tall thin tanks (tanks  67  and  68 ) with 270 Extra and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Microbe survival is represented as Log 10  CFU. For reference, the microbe survival results for the Negative Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown in  FIG. 70D . The results in  FIGS. 70D and 70E  show that both sanitizing methods in combination with the cleaner significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. Both sanitizers helped to produce a ≥2.1 Log 10  reduction. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and chlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.3, 3.9, and 4.3, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and UVC sanitation were 2.1, 4.4 and 5.3, respectively. 
     The results are very similar to the short wide tanks above where the cleaner and chlorine dioxide were more effective at reducing microbial load on ceiling of tank than the combination of cleaner and UVC, and the cleaner and UVC produced a significantly higher reduction of microbe load on the wall and floor compared to use of cleaner and chlorine dioxide. In  FIG. 70E , a significant difference in reduction of microbe populations by cleaner/chlorine dioxide or cleaner/UVC is indicated in grey shades. 
     The results for both the short wide tanks and the tall thin tanks after application of cleaner and sanitizer show that the cleaner/UVC combination has a higher efficacy on the walls and floors of tanks, while the cleaner/chlorine dioxide combination has a higher efficacy on the tank ceiling. At two tank sites sampled (wall of tank  64  and floor of tank  68 ), UVC in combination with cleaner completely eliminated all microbes. Chlorine dioxide did not completely eliminate microbes at any site sampled. 
     The results suggest that UVC can kill microbes more effectively than chlorine dioxide when surfaces are close to the ultraviolet light (i.e. walls and floors). The efficacy of UVC on the ceiling of tanks could possibly be improved by increasing UVC exposure time or increasing intensity of ultraviolet lights. For chlorine dioxide, the reduction in microbe populations was pretty consistent for both tanks shapes on all surfaces sampled (3.3 to 4.3 Log 10  reduction 
       FIG. 70F  schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing two short wide tanks (tanks  65  and  66 ) with either chlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. For this trial, no cleaning agent was used prior to application of sanitizer. Microbe survival is represented as Log 10  CFU. For reference, the microbe survival results for the Negative Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown in  FIG. 70F . The results in  FIGS. 70F and 70G  show that both sanitizing methods significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. Both sanitizers helped to produce a ≤2.4 Log 10  reduction. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after chlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.6, 3.9, and 4.6, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after UVC sanitation were 2.4, 4.7, and 4.0, respectively. 
     Based on the results of this trial, the chlorine dioxide was more effective at reducing microbial load on ceiling and floor of tank than the UVC. However, UVC produced a significantly higher reduction of microbe load on the wall compared to use of chlorine dioxide. In  FIG. 70G , a significant difference in reduction of microbe populations by chlorine dioxide or UVC is indicated in grey shades. 
       FIG. 70H  schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing two tall thin tanks (tanks  69  and  57 ) with either chlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. For this trial, no cleaning agent was used prior to application of sanitizer. Microbe survival is represented as Log 10  CFU. For reference, the microbe survival results for the Negative Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown in  FIG. 70H . The results in  FIGS. 70H and 70I  show that both sanitizing methods significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. Both sanitizers helped to produce a ≥2.7 Log 10  reduction. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after chlorine dioxide sanitation were 2.8, 4.2 and 2.7, respectively. The Log 10  reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after UVC sanitation were 2.7, 4.2 and 4.6, respectively. 
     Based on the results of this trial, UVC produced a significantly higher reduction of microbe loads on the floor compared to using chlorine dioxide. For the ceiling and wall, both sanitation methods were equally effective. In  FIG. 70I , a significant difference in reduction of microbe populations by chlorine dioxide or UVC is indicated in grey shade. 
     The results for both the short wide tanks and the tall thin tanks after use of sanitizer show that UVC has a higher or equal efficacy compared to chlorine dioxide on the walls and floor. However, again chlorine dioxide demonstrated a higher efficacy on tank ceiling than UVC. This confirms that UVC, even in the absence of a cleaner, can kill microbes more effectively than or just as effectively as chlorine dioxide when surfaces are close to UVC (i.e. walls and floors). 
     There are several benefits that can be realized by wineries if they use UVC instead of chemicals as a sanitizer for stainless steel tanks: 1) significantly less water usage; 2) reduced wastewater generated; 3) more environmentally friendly due to reduced chemical usage; 4) reduced labor costs; and 5) more effective reduction in microbe populations on stainless steel surfaces.