Patent Publication Number: US-2012031023-A1

Title: Frame construction for a fenestration

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present invention is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 12/851,298, filed Aug. 5, 2010. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to trim and a trim assembly for framing windows, doors, or the like in a wall fenestration. 
     Modern building constructions, particularly of homes and residences, ordinarily provide wall fenestrations in the building wall which receive windows or the like. A variety of window constructions may be inserted in these fenestrations, including simple window panes framed by sashes or casement windows or doors. In these installations, it has been common to provide a trim system to provide a finished look about the window or door positioned in the opening. These trim assemblies function not only to provide an attractive finish, but also serve the dual function of providing means for interengaging siding or other covering materials which ordinarily are used to cover or finish the building walls. Since the advent of siding products (vinyl, aluminum, wood, brick, etc.), numerous arrangements for covering fenestration trim areas have been devised whereby areas adjacent to the openings are covered with metal, wood, vinyl, paint, etc. 
     Trade names for some of the products currently available are “Lineals” and “Crown Mouldings.” None of these systems provide the overall advantages of the present invention as will be understood from the specification set forth hereafter. 
     An example of a commercial trim member is a molding which rests atop the casing of an opening. It is a single piece utilized as a cap on otherwise flat vinyl casing coverage and is not universally applicable. 
     Another, a product sold as Certain Teed&#39;s Restoration Millwork, creates an exterior architectural product of polymer and vinyl that is comparable in appearance to trim for fenestration openings. This product is not universally adaptable for fenestrations and is not simply installed. 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a set of trim components or a trim kit which may be fabricated as extrusions from suitable material, such as vinyl plastic for use in framing a window, door or the like. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a simple casing molding construction which permits the simple fabrication of a window trim system that frames a door or window with the frame providing a reinforcing member and also has a shadow box appearance. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide trim components which may be fabricated as extrusions from suitable material such as vinyl plastic for subsequent use in on site framing a window, door or the like or for use in a pre-cut trim kit. 
     It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved trim kit or system of one or more components for use in finishing a window or door casing in a manner that is attractive, easily installed, and adaptable to a wide range of sizes, shapes, and uses, including the adaptability of the unit using multiple components in various color combinations. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive trim assembly kit which may be adapted for a wide range of building constructions for purposes of finishing fenestrations and window casings in a manner that is inexpensive, easy to install, attractive in appearance, and adapted for a wide range of designs, appearances and uses. 
     One more object of the present invention is to provide designs for extrusions which are adaptable for use as a replacement installation, or as a new construction. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide a single extrusion for use in a trim kit or assembly that is shaped to be readily snap-locked or fastened into position to form a finished trim assembly. 
     One further object of the present invention is to provide an extrusion suitable to be used as a component in a trim assembly having spaced edges with the spaced edges each having interlocking components for interengaging bordering components. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     In the present invention, useful for interior or exterior fenestrations, there is provided a system which includes a minimum number of trim components or members which may be readily formed of metal, wood, plastic components or other building material in a variety of shapes by extrusions or simple bending processes and cut to size or assembled on site. In one embodiment the trim assembly preferably comprises an arrangement of an elongated casing face, an elongated casing molding that is continuous with the casing face, and an elongated J-channel, with the J-channel, in turn, securing and supporting in fixed relation the various siding or other finishing materials used on the outside of the building construction. Such a construction is particularly suited for use as a retrofit in renovating an existing structure. 
     The three components, namely the casing face, casing molding and J-channel, may be selectively formed as two or three separate but interengangeable components to permit use of different color trim elements for visual contrasts as well as for selective use of molding designs to enhance shadow effects of outdoor light on the assembled unit. 
     A single composite extrusion of all three components is also contemplated in one embodiment. In such an embodiment, the single component is provided with an interlock at either one or both side edges adapted to engage an underlying component of the trim assembly. Such an arrangement is suitable as a stand alone or new system. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the casing molding is formed as an extruded member cut to selected lengths and with a cross-sectional configuration having opposing side edges formed with locking mechanisms adapted to engage other components underlying the casing molding. This configuration allows the snapping of the casing molding into position once the casing facing has been positioned, thus reducing the time required of the installer to arrange and secure the various components. The design also provides a seamless appearing design with no nail holes or other securing members visible. 
     Previously, efforts to provide trim for fenestrations have not been particularly aesthetically attractive and in many instances could not be efficiently installed and were not universally adaptable for most fenestrations. The architectural design of this invention is aesthetically attractive as it utilizes reverse curves and rounded contour lines to create shadows or shadow box appearances to achieve an architecturally pleasing appearance. Additionally the present invention avoids the need to field fabricate trim areas of fenestration since the extrusions of the present invention may be pre-fabricated and packaged for approximately 90% of all commercial applications. The feature reduces time typically required in the field for fabricating trim coverage around openings. 
     Each of the primary components, the casing face, the casing molding and the J-channel, may be extruded or otherwise formed of suitable material such as metal, vinyl, plastic or other material normally used in building constructions. The components may also be formed in length of sheets appropriately folded and bent to conform to the cross-sectional dimensions desired for the element. Extrusions, however, are preferred to folding and bending sheets of material for various fabrication reasons. The various components may be made in various selected shapes to interlock one with the other and to simultaneously provide a selection of various finishes and appearances. If desired, one or more of the components may be painted or otherwise color formed to provide a contrasting color component to one or more of the elements forming this trim. 
     Use of extrusions to form the casing molding, in particular, provides an additional advantage in substituting for what would ordinarily be fabricated of wood. The extruded casing molding is light weight, costs less to make, is more readily installed, and may be designed with interlocking features not available in solid casing molding constructions. 
     Another feature of the present invention in one embodiment provides components that may snap together and interlock in an effective manner without exterior or face nailing or alternative adhesive methods such as is typically required with conventional products. Additionally, the present invention employs the conventional siding J-channel products into the final product such that it appears more seamlessly yet performs its function as a pocket for the siding products of the installer&#39;s choice. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a plan elevational view of a window assembly embodying the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a fragmentary, cross-sectional detail taken along the lines  2 - 2  of  FIG. 1  for use with fenestration bordered with siding; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional detail of a modification of the preferred embodiment, also taken essentially along the line  2 - 2  of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional detail of a modification of the preferred embodiment, also taken substantially along the line  2 - 2  of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a fragmentary, perspective view of a segment of a window and trim assembly embodying the present invention; 
         FIG. 6   a  is a cross-sectional detail of a sill cover; 
         FIG. 6   b  is a top-plan view of the sill cover of  FIG. 6   a;    
         FIG. 7   a  is an end view of the end cap for the sill cover of  FIG. 6   a;    
         FIG. 7   b  is an edge view of the cap of  FIG. 7   a ; and 
         FIG. 7   c  is a plan view of the right end cap for the end of the sill cover shown in  FIG. 6   a.    
         FIG. 8  is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view showing a modified form of a casing face installed in a window frame using a blind nailing technique; 
         FIG. 9  is a plan view of the casing face shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the casing face shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of a casing molding; 
         FIG. 12  is a top plan view of the casing molding of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view of a casing face and casing molding combination used for what is characterized in the trade as “brick molding”; 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional detail of a J-channel used with the casing molding of  FIGS. 11 and 13 ; and 
         FIG. 15  is a plan view of the J-channel shown in  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view of a further modification of the casing molding useful for a fenestration bordered by siding. 
         FIG. 17  is a fragmentary, perspective view of a segment of a window and a trim assembly embodying the present invention useful as a stand-alone unit; 
         FIG. 17   a  is a cross-sectional view of a slightly modified version of  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional elevational view of a further modification of the present invention designed specifically as a stand-alone colonial casing installation. 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view of the extrusion forming the casing molding shown in  FIG. 17   a;    
         FIG. 20  is a plan view of an extrusion forming the casing flashing of  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 21   a  is a cross-sectional view of an extrusion forming a casing molding adapter or fastening strip; 
         FIG. 22  is a plan view of the casing molding adapter of  FIG. 21   a;    
         FIG. 23  is a plan view taken along lines  23 - 23  of  FIG. 21   a;    
         FIG. 23   a  is an elevational view taken along lines  23   a - 23   a  of  FIG. 21   a;    
         FIG. 24   a  is a fragmentary plan view of a partial assembly showing a corner block; 
         FIG. 24   b  is an elevational view of a corner block forming a portion of the invention; 
         FIG. 24   c  is a plan view taken along lines  24   c - 24   c  of  FIG. 24   b;    
         FIG. 24   d  is a plan view taken along lines  24   d - 24   d  of  FIG. 24   b;    
         FIG. 25   a  is a cross-sectional elevation of a modification of the casing molding and related components suitable for a new brick and molding installation; 
         FIG. 25   b  is a cross-sectional elevation of a modified casing molding as shown in  FIG. 25   a;    
         FIG. 25   c  is an end view of a mounting clip shaped to hold the casing face onto the edge of a standard window; 
         FIG. 25   d  is a top plan view of the elements shown in  FIG. 25   b;    
         FIG. 25   e  is a top plan view of the molding clip shown in  FIG. 25   c;    
         FIG. 26  is another modification of the casing molding and J-channel designed for installation as a brick mold for retrofit or new siding; 
         FIG. 27  is a perspective view of a corner piece shaped to receive adjacent, orthogonally related ends of a casing molding in an assembled frame. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
     As noted, the present invention is directed primarily to a window, doors and other fenestrations treatment for installation in new or existing residential and commercial buildings, but has other applications. The designs are suitable for retrofits or new constructions. In the specific embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , there is shown an installed window trim assembly designed primarily as a retrofit for a residential building in which an interior or exterior building wall may be conventionally formed with a window opening or fenestration in which a window  10  is positioned. The window  10  may be a wide range of designs including simple designs in which the window pane is framed by a sash  12  or by other casement type windows. The window is secured to the building construction which may comprise a standard construction. For example, a wooden wall  14  ( FIG. 2 ) supported by studs and framing (not shown) forms the shell of the building. The window opening is framed by a casing  15  which preferably extends about the sides and top of the opening and is finished by a sill suitably covered by a sill cover shown and further described in connection with  FIGS. 6   a  through  7   c . The window trim system comprises primarily a casing face  16 , a casing molding  20  and a J-channel  30  interlocked and secured to the casing  15  as hereafter described. Finish siding material  50  ( FIG. 5 ) positioned over the casing  15  is secured and fits into the J-shaped channel  30 . 
     The casing face  16 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , may be formed by an elongated, metal, plastic or other sheet or extrusions providing a facing web  16   a  that lies against the outer surface of the casing  15 . A flange  16   b  continuous with and positioned normal to web  16   a  lies in facing relation to the casing  15 . At the remote end of the flange  16   b  is a lip  16   c  designed to engage and secure the facing web  16   a  in close relation to the casing  15 . The facing web  16   a  extends along the surface of casing  15  and terminates in an integrally formed portion providing an apron-like segment having a series of holes through which the nails  19  may be secured to hold the casing face down in facing relation to the casing  15 . The casing face  16  is also formed with a flange  22  parallel to the surface of the casing face  16  and defining a slot to receive one edge of the casing molding  20  as hereafter described. 
     The casing molding  20  includes a web  21  positioned between outwardly extending flanges  21   a  and  21   b  and is integral therewith. Flange  21   a  and  21   b  are laterally spaced from one another with a non-planar web  21  extending angularly there between. Flange  21   b  is interengaged by the slot formed in the space between flange  22  and the surface of the facing  16  (see also  FIG. 8 ). Flange  21   a  terminates in the loop  24  shaped to receive and engage in a locking position the one end of a J-channel  30  as hereafter described. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a J-shaped channel  30  having legs  31  lies flush against the inner surface of the casing molding to receive siding material  50 . The J-shaped channel  30  has an end continuous with loop  24   a  conforming in shape and interengaged with loop  21   a  in an interlocking position. As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the loop  24   a  and  24   b  may be open thus enabling the installer to readily interlock the loops  24   a  and  24   b  as shown in  FIG. 3 . The loop has been compressed and the assembly is essentially a permanent interlocked arrangement. The web  21  may vary in shape depending upon the decorative selections as desired. As illustrated, embodiments of  FIGS. 2 ,  3  and  13 , this web  21  is formed with reverse curves essentially creating two channels  23   a  and  23   b . These channels may vary in width, depth and number. The design is selected to provide an attractive reflective surface for light impinging on the web and for enhancement of shadows created by sunlight. In place of the reverse curves, the invention also contemplates a zig-zag configuration designed to cause a shadow effect. 
     A modification of the embodiment of  FIGS. 2 and 3  is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . In this arrangement, the casing face  16  is formed with the web portion  16   a  extending along the surface of the casing with like numbers essentially similar to those shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . In this arrangement, however, the casing face is formed with a slot  22   a  defined by a fold along one edge of a casing face  16 . A nail  16   g  ( FIG. 8 ) extends through the holes  16   h  formed in the casing face  16  to secure it to the casing. 
     Material for the casing face  16  may be formed of extruded lengths of plastic material or bent metal in varying lengths, as for example 20 feet long, which are then cut to size on site to the length of the sides and the upper end of the casing. 
     The window sill at the bottom of the window opening is similarly covered as illustrated in  FIGS. 5-7   c . In this arrangement, the sill cover  17  fits closely around a sill  17   a  ( FIG. 6   a ). The sill cover includes an upper web  17   b  which extends close to the angled sill and terminates in a downwardly extending flange  17   c  which in turn is integral with the inwardly extending flange  17   d , with the outwardly extending flange  17   d  terminating in a lip  17   e  that is secured to the wall  14  below the opening by conventional means. The sill cover  17  may be secured to the sill by means of nails secured to the sill through openings  17   j  ( FIG. 6   b ). The ends of the sill cover  17  may be closed by end caps  17   f  and  17   g  shown in  FIGS. 7   a  and  7   c.    
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the J-shaped channel  30  forms a recess at its inner end to receive shingling or siding material  50 . The siding material may, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , comprise shingles or sheets of vinyl or other plastics or composite construction material shaped to simulate a shingle effect. These sheets are secured by conventional means to the outer wall of the building construction  53 . 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 10 , the casing face  16  is similar in overall construction to the previously described casing face but is provided with an extruded or otherwise similarly formed slot  16   m  in its upper surface to engage and lock an outwardly directed flange  22  of the casing molding, shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  in a manner previously and hereafter described. 
       FIGS. 11 &amp; 12  show a somewhat enlarged view of the casing molding illustrated in  FIGS. 2 &amp; 3 . In this configuration, the loop  24   a  may be bulbous as initially formed and shown in  FIG. 2  to provide an interengagement with a corresponding shaped end of a J-channel. This loop  24   a  may be flattened as shown in  FIG. 3  if the extruded material forming the casing mold is malleable. The corresponding flange  22  engages the slot in the casing face as previously described. The combination of the bulbous end  24   a  and flange  22  provide a double snap engaging means for engaging the J-channel on the left as shown in  FIG. 2  and the casing face at the inner end of the interlock of the flange  22  with the slot (also as shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a combined or integrated casing face and molding design specifically for, what is characterized in the trade as, “brick molding” or similar trim configurations on the outside of the building. In this configuration, the portion of the unit forming the casing molding  55  is integrally formed with casing face  51 , which trim is shaped to fit over the inner side of the brick mold or other substitute wall covering and is secured thereto by nails or the like. The casing mould is terminated at its other end in a flange having a loop  53  which may have a constricted opening to receive and grip the edge of a J-channel shown in  FIG. 14  more securely. One edge of the casing molding  55  may be integral with the casing face  51 . The other edge may be snap-locked to a J-channel with the corresponding loop  53 . In a manner similar to the arrangement of  FIGS. 2 and 3 . 
       FIGS. 14 &amp; 15  show a J-channel in which a flange  61  of the J-channel  60  terminates at its free end in a curved loop  63  which may be interlocked with the loop  53  shown in  FIG. 13  or similar loops. Similar to the other embodiments siding extends into the J-channel as described in the other embodiments. The j-channel may be provided with holes  60   a  sized to allow the j-channel to be nailed to the casing. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a still further embodiment of a modified shape for the casing molding primarily designed as a new construction “brick mold” casing molding. Here, the outwardly extending flange  70  terminates in an S-shaped segment having legs  71 ,  72 ,  73 , and  74 . A J-shaped channel may be secured abutting legs  73  and between legs  72  and  74 . Since this design is intended primarily for new construction, the use of a J-channel may not be necessary. In this construction, the edge of the siding simply extends between legs  72  and  74 . 
     The construction of  FIG. 16  is arranged with the outwardly extending flange  70  having its inner end spaced above and laterally from the casing engaging members  78  and  79 . Casing engaging members  78  and  79  are orthogonally related planar members that are shaped to engage the wood casing of the window frame with flange  79  having an outwardly extending lip  80  adapted to engage the underside of the casing  76 . In some installations extending lip  80  may be turned and the casing molding secured by nails. An inclined flange  83  interconnects the outer end  77  of flange  70  and the inner end  84  of flange  78 . The inclined flange  83  as shown in the cross-section of  FIG. 16  is undulating or forms reverse curves with convex and concave portions  85  and  86 , respectively. These are continuous with one another as illustrated to form a non-linear surface between the adjacent edges of flange  70  and  78 . The effect of this inclined flange  83  in the assembled unit is to provide a shadow-like feature when the assembled unit is installed and sunlight impinges on it. 
     Turning now to the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 17 and 17   a  there is illustrated a trim assembly designed as a stand-alone casing molding. In this configuration, a casing molding  91  is positioned above and engages a molding adapter or fastening strip  92  (see also  FIGS. 21-23 ) which in turn is positioned over and in facing relation to the casing facing  93  and is secured thereto by suitable means such as nails in holes in the strip  92 . The casing facing  93  is conventionally shaped to cover the casing and is formed with orthogonally related flanges  96  and  97  shaped and sized and positioned to engage the outer surfaces of the casing. The facing  93  may be suitably secured to the inner edge of the casing by a downwardly or orthogonally related flange  96  having an outwardly extending lip  96   a  adapted to engage the underside of the casing. The legs of flange  96  extend underneath the casing molding  91  and support the lower surface of the fastening strip  92 . The inner end of the casing molding  91  is provided with an outwardly extending flange  112  positioned under the fastening strip  92 . An inwardly extending flange  111  forming an integral part of the casing molding  91  is inter engaged with an offset flange  116  integral with the fastening strip  92  and forming a pocket into which flange  111  fits and is engaged. Inclined flange  101  is formed with reversed curves previously described in conjunction with similar constructions. These reverse curves provide the same function as those described earlier. 
     The fastening strip  92  shown in  FIGS. 21   a  to  23   a  is used in the arrangement of  FIG. 17 . It is provided with orthogonally related flanges  98  and  98   a  with flange  98   a  extending downwardly on the outer surface of the casing and is suitably engaged to it by suitable means. The orthogonally related flange  98  extends inwardly and is formed at its inner end with an off-set barb  110  shaped to engage a portion of the casing molding  91  as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     In the modification shown in  FIG. 18 , the flange  101  is flat at its outer end which in turn is integrally connected to an orthogonally related flange  106  which extends downwardly. The downwardly extending flange  106  terminates in a barb  107  which interengages a slot  110  formed in the fastening strip  92   a  at its inner end. The barb  107  interlocks with a projecting detent  115  integrally formed in a slot  110  extending upwardly from the flange  98 . 
     In  FIGS. 24   a - 24   c , there is illustrated a corner of an assembled unit in which the trim components are at a squared end  200 . In this arrangement, a corner block  201  having a decorative feature such as a rosette  202  is secured. The corner block replaces the mitred corners of abutting trim members and typically may comprise a rectangle or square block having a surface segment  205  contoured to and complementary with the casing molding forming this particular trim assembly. The molding may be provided with a nail hole  206 , coaxial hole  206   a  to receive a plug  207   a  supporting the rosette  202  which extends downwardly into and secured to the underlying components. 
       FIG. 25   a  illustrates a cross-sectional embodiment of trim components useful for new colonial style construction. It is not designed as a stand-alone. The casing molding, generally shown at  220 , is provided with a web  221  having a pair of channels  222  and  223  defining a reverse curve that functions similarly to the channels  23   a  and  23   b . Outwardly extending flange  224  is integrally connected with the outer end of the web  220  while an outwardly extending flange  225  is integral with the inner side of the web  221 . The flanges  224  and  225  both extend outwardly and preferably are parallel to one another but are spaced laterally apart from one another. The flange  224  is integral with a downwardly extending flange  227 , continuous with an inwardly extending flange  228 , another downwardly extending flange  229 , and an orthogonally outwardly extending flange  230  forming essentially an S-shape configuration style on the outer edge of the casing molding to receive siding or the like  50 . The inner end of the casing molding  220  is secured by an interlock of the flanges  228 ,  229 , and  230  with the siding material  50 , while the inner edge of the casing molding  220  is connected to the flange  225  which extends outwardly and into interengagement with a slot  231 . Slot  231  is integrally formed with the casing face  235  at the inner end and defines the slot  231  into which the flange  225  fits and is secured. A nailing clip  236  fits between the casing and the casing flashing  235  with the clip  236  having a downwardly extending flange  237  interengaging an inwardly extending lip  238  that is integral with the inner, downwardly extending flange  239  on the inner end of the casing face  235 . The insert  236  interengages the outwardly extending flange  238  with the chip  236  which is secured to the casing by a nail  240  or by other suitable means. 
     The embodiment of  FIG. 26  is designed as a “brick molding” suitable specifically for a retro-fit into an existing structure. 
       FIG. 26  is a modification of the present invention designed primarily as a retro-fit construction for existing structures and is adapted particularly for brick mold casing installation. In this configuration, the construction is similar in design to the construction illustrated in  FIG. 16  with like numbers corresponding. In this construction, however, the inclined flange  83  may be simplified with shallower concave and convex portions. The inner end of flange  70  terminates in a loop  88  shaped to receive a correspondingly shaped end of a J-channel  89  which may be used to support existing or previously installed siding  90 . The loop  88  and the curved end of the J-shaped channel are sized and shaped to snap together to allow a quick interengagement of the two components when assembling the trim. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates a configuration of a corner block designed for use in a trim kit in preferably at least two or four of the corners of the installation. In this configuration, the casing molding is shaped as illustrated, with a cross-sectional configuration similar to the embodiments previously shown and, in particular to the embodiment in  FIG. 18 . The corner block shown in  FIG. 26  may be dimensioned exactly the same as the ends of the casing molding shown in  FIG. 18  so that the trim assembly may be arranged with a corner block  300  abutting the ends of adjacent, orthogonally related casing moldings. Alternatively, the molding may be formed with dimensions slightly larger or smaller to permit telescoping of the ends into engagement with the open ends of the corner block shown in  FIG. 27 . In this arrangement, the trim assembly need not have mitered corners in the casing molding when assembling the original unit. 
     The casing faces, casing moldings and J-channels may each be made for a trim kit package adapted for on-site fabrication. In this arrangement, these components, whether separately or integrally extruded, may be formed as extruded plastic or bent metal components having lengths, such as 20′ that will exceed the dimensions of the fenestration. On site they are cut to fit the particular installation using well-known techniques for installing window components. 
     As used in this specification the terms inward or inwardly, unless otherwise expressly stated, is related to the position of the fenestration or window. References to a direction parallel, or essentially parallel, refer to the major surface of the construction wall or the fenestration. 
     While aspects of the invention have been described with reference to various illustrative embodiments, such aspects are not limited to the embodiments described. Thus, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations of the embodiments described will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of aspects of the invention.