Patent Publication Number: US-2021195541-A1

Title: Mechanisms for integrated access and backhaul (iab) mobile terminal distributed unit simultaneous operation

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/984,523, which was filed Mar. 3, 2020; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/984,532, which was filed Mar. 3, 2020; the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Embodiments relate generally to the technical field of wireless communications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) network, an IAB node can connect to its parent node (an IAB donor or another IAB node) through a parent backhaul (BH) link, connect to a child user equipment (UE) through a child access (AC) link, and connect to its child IAB node through child BH link. 
     In current IAB network architectures, central unit (CU)/distributed unit (DU) split has been leveraged where each IAB node holds a DU and a Mobile-Termination (MT) function: Via the MT function, the IAB node connects to its parent IAB node or the IAB-donor like a UE; Via the DU function, the IAB node communicates with its child UEs and child MTs like a base station. RRC signaling is used between the CU in the IAB donor and the UE/MT; while F1AP signaling is used between the CU and the DU in an IAB node. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example of link types in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example of IAB centralized unit (CU)/distributed unit (DU) split architecture and signaling, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example of timing alignment for simultaneous mobile terminal (MT) transmission (Tx) and DU Tx, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example of timing alignment for simultaneous MT reception (Rx) and DU Rx, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an example of timing alignment for simultaneous MT Rx and DU Tx, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an example of timing alignment for simultaneous MT Tx and DU Rx, in accordance with various embodiments. 
       Example 7 illustrates eight resource transition cases with simultaneous MT Tx and DU Tx at slot n, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  schematically illustrates a wireless network in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 9  schematically illustrates components of a wireless network in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart of an example process that may be performed by an IAB node, in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart of another example process that may be performed by an IAB node, in accordance with various embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrases “A or B” and “A/B” mean (A), (B), or (A and B). 
     In NR Rel-16 specifications, the Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) section are focused on supporting time-division multiplexing (TDM) based distributed unit (DU) function and mobile terminal (MT) function within an IAB node. Extended IAB work direction will include duplexing enhancements to increase spectral efficiency and reduce latency through the support of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and/or frequency division multiplexing (FDM)-based resource management, through simultaneous transmissions and/or reception on IAB nodes. 
     Simultaneous operation (transmission (Tx) and/or reception (Rx)) of integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node&#39;s child and parent links includes four cases as below:
         MT TX/DU TX   MT TX/DU RX   MT RX/DU TX   MT RX/DU RX       

     In the above, MT TX/DU TX means simultaneous MT transmission and DU transmission at one IAB node; MT TX/DU RX means simultaneous MT transmission and DU reception at one IAB node; etc. 
     Various embodiments herein provide slot-based and symbol-based timing alignment mechanisms to support the possible IAB MT/DU simultaneous operations. Additional signaling options from an IAB DU to its child IAB MT to carry parent link related information as needed in some slot-based timing alignment mechanisms are also described. 
     Additionally, in one IAB node, the co-located IAB DU and IAB MT may have resource transition in the adjacent slots. For an IAB node that only support TDM between parent backhaul and child links, Ng are provided for each of the eight possible transitions with potential overlaps. 
     Various embodiments herein provide mechanisms for guard symbol management when IAB MT/DU simultaneous operation is supported. In embodiments, when one of the simultaneous operations is supported, the related transition guard symbols (e.g., desired and provided) are not needed. 
     In addition, the current agreed semi-static F1AP configuration is to notify the simultaneous operation capability of an IAB node to the donor CU and the parent node. Whether the capability is actually used or not needs additional dynamic signaling to notify the parent node, so that the parent node can utilize the parent link resource accordingly. Various embodiments herein provide contents and methods for additional dynamical signaling regarding dynamic IAB multiplexing information. 
     IAB DU and IAB MT Simultaneous Operation 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) network, in accordance with various embodiments. In the IAB network, an IAB node can connect to its parent node (an IAB donor or another IAB node) through parent backhaul (BH) link; connect to a child user equipment (UE) through child access (AC) link; and connect to its child IAB node through child BH link. 
     In current IAB network architectures, central unit (CU)/distributed unit (DU) split has been leveraged where each IAB node holds a DU and a Mobile-Termination (MT) function: Via the MT function, the IAB node connects to its parent IAB node or the IAB-donor like a UE; Via the DU function, the IAB node communicates with its child UEs and child MTs like a base station. RRC signaling is used between the CU in the IAB donor and the UE/MT; while F1AP signaling is used between the CU and the DU in an IAB node. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an example of the IAB CU/DU split architecture and signaling in  FIG. 2 , where MT and DU in a parent IAB node are marked as P-MT/P-DU; MT and DU in a child IAB node as C-MT/C-DU; and a child UE as C-UE. 
     As discussed above, in NR Rel-16 specifications, the IAB section are focused on supporting TDM based DU function and MT function within an IAB node. Extended IAB work direction will include duplexing enhancements to increase spectral efficiency and reduce latency through the support of SDM/FDM-based resource management, through simultaneous transmissions and/or reception on IAB nodes. 
     Slot-Based Alignment and Symbol-Based Alignment for IAB MT/DU Simultaneous Operation 
     Described herein are slot-based and symbol-based timing alignment mechanisms to support those possible IAB MT/DU simultaneous operation. Additional signaling options from an IAB DU to its child IAB MT to carry parent link related information as needed in some slot-based timing alignment mechanisms are also described. 
     MT TX/DU TX 
       FIG. 3  illustrates the timing relationship if simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU TX is supported. The DU TX timing needs to be aligned with its parent-DU TX timing as RAN1 has agreed that all IAB DU&#39;s DL TX timing are aligned. The MT TX timing has timing advance control (TA 0  with parent link propagation delay T p0 ) regarding MT RX timing. The MT TX timing is shown in blue block in the figure and the corresponding parent-DU RX timing is also shown in blue block. 
     There are two timing alignment ways for simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU TX. One way is slot-based alignment, which means MT TX slot and DU TX slot need to start and end at the same time. To fulfil slot-based alignment for MT TX/DU TX, since DU TX timing is fixed, MT TX timing needs to be shifted (delayed) TA 0 −T p0  as the red block (MT TX shifted) in the figure and the corresponding parent-DU RX shifted timing is also shown in red block. 
     Another way for simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU TX is symbol-based alignment, which means MT TX and DU TX are symbol aligned and no large shift like the slot-based alignment case is needed. This has the benefit that current TA control mechanism and timing relationship between IAB node and its parent node can remain. 
     MT RX/DU RX 
       FIG. 4  illustrates the timing relationship if simultaneous operation of MT RX/DU RX is supported. The MT RX timing is related to parent link propagation delay T p0 . The child-MT TX has timing advance control (TA with child link propagation delay T p ) regarding child MT RX timing. The child MT TX timing is shown in green block in the figure and the corresponding DU RX timing is also shown in green block. The DU RX timing is TA−2T p  ahead of DU TX timing and TA−2T p +T p0  ahead of MT RX timing as shown in the figure. 
     For the slot-based alignment, since MT RX timing is fixed, DU RX timing needs to be shifted (delayed) TA−2T p +T p0  as the red block (DU RX shifted) in the figure and the corresponding child-MT TX shifted timing is also shown in red block. We can observe that in order to fulfil slot-based alignment for MT RX/DU RX simultaneous operation, the child MT needs to know the parent backhaul propagation delay T p0 , which needs additional signaling. 
     For symbol-based alignment, there is no red block shifting. Current TA control mechanism and timing relationship between parent IAB node, IAB node and its child node can remain. 
     MT RX/DU TX 
       FIG. 5  illustrates the timing relationship if simultaneous operation of MT RX/DU TX is supported. The MT RX timing is related to parent link propagation delay T p0 . The DU TX timing is aligned with its parent DU TX timing. 
     For MT RX/DU TX simultaneous operation, slot-based alignment is not possible, since MT RX and DU TX timing are both fixed and cannot be shifted. Hence, only symbol-based alignment can be supported for MT RX/DU TX simultaneous operation. 
     MT TX/DU RX 
       FIG. 6  illustrates the timing relationship if simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU RX is supported. The MT TX timing has timing advance control (TA 0  with parent link propagation delay T p0 ) and is TA 0 −T p0  ahead of DL TX timing. Similarly, the child MT TX timing has timing advance control (TA with child link propagation delay T p ) and is TA−T p  ahead of DL TX timing. Hence, the DU RX timing is TA−2 T p  ahead of DL TX timing as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     For the slot-based alignment, there are two ways to shift:
         shift DU RX block ahead of time (DU RX shifted 1 in red block), with corresponding child-MT TX shifted 1 block also shown in red;   shift MT TX behind time (MT TX shifted 2), with corresponding parent-DU RX shifted 2 block also shown in red.       

     The shifting distance is ΔS=(TA 0 −T p0 )−(TA−2T p ). For child-MT TX shifted 1, we can observe that in order to fulfil slot-based alignment for MT TX/DU RX simultaneous operation, the child MT needs to know the parent backhaul propagation delay T p0  and the parent timing advance parameter TA 0 , which needs additional signalling. 
     For symbol-based alignment, there is no red block shifting. Current TA control mechanism and timing relationship between parent IAB node, IAB node and its child node can remain. 
     In summary, TA 0  defined as time advance control for MT TX with parent link propagation delay T p0  and TA defined as time advance control for child MT TX child link propagation delay T p , the slot-based alignment mechanism for the four cases can be described as follows.
         MT TX/DU TX: MT TX timing needs to be shifted (delayed) TA 0 −T p0  to be aligned with DU TX timing.   MT RX/DU RX: Child-MT TX timing needs to be shifted (delayed) TA−2 T p +T p0 , so that DU RX timing can be aligned with MT RX timing. Additional signaling is needed to inform the child MT with the parent backhaul propagation delay T p0 .   MT RX/DU TX: there is no slot-based alignment mechanism for this case.   MT TX/DU RX: there are two ways to fulfil slot-based alignment with ΔS=(TA 0 −T p0 )−(TA−2T p )
           Slot-based alignment1: shift child-MT TX ΔS ahead of time, so that DU RX timing can be aligned with MT TX timing. Additional signaling is needed to inform the child MT with the parent link related parameters TA 0 −T p0 .   Slot-based alignment1: shift MT TX ΔS behind time, so that MT TX timing can be aligned with DU RX timing.   
               

     Note that for the shifted value A in all cases, if A is negative, time delay A means time advance |A|. 
     For the symbol-based alignment mechanism, simultaneous operation does not require MT/DU slot to start and end at the same time. Current TA control mechanism and timing relationship between IAB node and its parent node can remain. 
     Additional Signaling for Slot-Based Alignment to Support IAB MT/DU Simultaneous Operation 
     As described above, for slot-based alignment to support IAB MT/DU simultaneous operation, additional signaling is needed for some scenarios to carry parent link related information to the child MT. In the case of MT RX/DU RX, parent backhaul propagation delay T p0  needs to be transmitted, while in the case of slot-based alignment1 for MT TX/DU RX, parent link related parameters TA 0 −T p0  needs to be transmitted. 
     For the signaling method for this purpose, there are several options to carry parent link related information form IAB DU to the child MT. 
     Option 1: Over MAC CE/PDSCH 
     For Option 1, the parent link related information is carried over medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) carried by physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), which can be either dynamic triggered or configured grant. 
     In current NR specification (see 3GPP Technical Standard (TS) 38.321), the logic channel ID (LCID) field which identifies the logical channel instance of the corresponding MAC service data unit (SDU) or the type of the corresponding MAC CE or padding for the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) is described in the following Table. In embodiments, one of the reserved LCID values (33-46) may be used to transmit the parent link related information from an IAB DU to its child IAB MT. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 TS38.321 Table 6.2.1-1 Values of LCID for DL-SCH 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Index 
                 LCID values 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 CCCH 
               
               
                  1-32 
                 Identity of the logical channel 
               
               
                 33-46 
                 Reserved 
               
               
                 47 
                 Recommended bit rate 
               
               
                 48 
                 SP ZP CSI-RS Resource Set 
               
               
                   
                 Activation/Deactivation 
               
               
                 49 
                 PUCCH spatial relation 
               
               
                   
                 Activation/Deactivation 
               
               
                 50 
                 SP SRS Activation/Deactivation 
               
               
                 51 
                 SP CSI reporting on PUCCH 
               
               
                   
                 Activation/Deactivation 
               
               
                 52 
                 TCI State Indication for UE-specific 
               
               
                   
                 PDCCH 
               
               
                 53 
                 TCI States Activation/Deactivation for UE-specific PDSCH 
               
               
                 54 
                 Aperiodic CSI Trigger State Subselection 
               
               
                 55 
                 SP CSI-RS/CSI-IM Resource Set 
               
               
                   
                 Activation/Deactivation 
               
               
                 56 
                 Duplication Activation/Deactivation 
               
               
                 57 
                 SCell Activation/Deactivation (four octets) 
               
               
                 58 
                 SCell Activation/Deactivation (one octet) 
               
               
                 59 
                 Long DRX Command 
               
               
                 60 
                 DRX Command 
               
               
                 61 
                 Timing Advance Command 
               
               
                 62 
                 UE Contention Resolution Identity 
               
               
                 63 
                 Padding 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Option 2: Over Group-Common PDCCH 
     Regarding transmission over group-common PDCCH, a new field can be added in one of current DCI 2_0 formats, or a new DCI format can be added (e.g., if new field cannot be added in current DCI 2_0 formats). 
     Option 3: Over a New Defined L1 Channel 
     For Option 3, if a IA channel will be added in current specification, the IAB parent link related information can also be transmitted over this new defined IA channel. 
     Guard Symbol Management Mechanism for IAB MT/DU Simultaneous Operation 
     In one IAB node, the co-located IAB DU and IAB MT may have resource transition in the adjacent slots. For an IAB node that only support TDM between parent backhaul and child links, Ng are provided for each of the eight possible transitions with potential overlaps. RAN1 #98bis-RAN1 #99 have made the following agreements regarding guard symbols for transitions between an IAB MT and co-located IAB DU.
         A parent IAB node can be made aware of the number of symbols Ng the child IAB node would like the parent IAB node not to use at the edge (beginning or end) of a slot when there is a transition between child MT and child DU. Separately or additionally, the child IAB node can be made aware of the number of guard symbols that the parent IAB node will provide.
           Ng can be provided for each of the [8] possible transitions with potential overlap:   
               

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 MT to DU 
                 DL Tx 
                 UL Rx 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DL Rx 
                   
                   
               
               
                 UL Tx 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DU to MT 
                 DL Rx 
                 UL Tx 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DL Tx 
                   
                   
               
               
                 UL Rx 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
         
         
           
             If Ng is not provided it is assumed to be 0 NOTE: this agreement does not introduce any performance requirement on IAB nodes. 
             Desired Guard Symbols and Provided Guard Symbols are provided per cell and use 3 bits for each of the 8 transitions to indicate the number of guard symbols.
           Ng can be provided for each of the [8] possible transitions with potential overlap:   In Rel-16, a range of 0-4 symbols are supported for each transition. Additional entries are reserved for future use   A new parameter GuardSymbol-SCS is also provided which indicates the reference SCS (FR1: {15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz}, FR2: {60 kHz, 120 kHz}) to be used for the guard symbols.   
         
           
         
       
    
     Various embodiments herein provide guard symbol management mechanism to support those possible IAB MT/DU simultaneous operation. 
     As an example, when simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU TX is supported,  FIG. 7  illustrates eight possible transitions with MT TX/DU TX at slot n. 
     For Case A1/A2, when MT TX/DU TX at slot n followed by MT TX or DU TX at slot n+1, since simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU TX is supported, the transition guard symbols of DU TX to MT TX in the Ng table can be removed. Case A5 can also be proceeded without any MT TX to DU TX or DU TX to MT TX guard symbols restriction. 
     For Case A3, when MT TX/DU TX at slot n followed by MT RX at slot n+1, whether guard symbols are needed depends on whether simultaneous operation of DU TX/MT RX is supported. If it is supported, the transition guard symbols of DU TX to MT RX in the Ng table can be removed. Otherwise the transition guard symbol rule for DU TX to MT RX still needs to be followed. 
     For Case A4, when MT TX/DU TX at slot n followed by DU RX at slot n+1, whether guard symbols are needed depends on whether simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU RX is supported. If it is supported, the transition guard symbols of MT TX to DU RX in the Ng table can be removed. Otherwise the transition guard symbol rule for MT TX to DU RX still needs to be followed. 
     For Case A6, when MT TX/DU TX at slot n followed by simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU RX (which indicates this operation is supported), the transition guard symbols of both MT TX to DU RX and DU TX to MT TX in the Ng table should be removed. 
     For Case A7, when MT TX/DU TX at slot n followed by simultaneous operation of MT RX/DU TX (which indicates this operation is supported), the transition guard symbols of both MT TX to DU TX and DU TX to MT RX in the Ng table should be removed. 
     For Case A8, when MT TX/DU TX at slot n followed by simultaneous operation of MT RX/DU RX (which indicates this operation is supported), the transition guard symbols of MT TX to DU RX and DU TX to MT RX in the Ng table still need to be followed, unless the simultaneous operation of MT TX/DU RX and DU TX/MT RX are additionally supported. 
     Similarly, the eight transition cases with MT RX/DU RX at slot n, eight transition cases with MT RX/DU TX at slot n, and eight transition cases with MT TX/DU RX at slot n can be anal10ed. The common ground is that when one of the simultaneous operations is supported, the related transition guard symbols (desired and provided) are not needed. The summary on guard symbol management for IAB MT/DU simultaneous operations in the following Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Guard symbols removal with different simultaneous operations 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 MT 
                   
                   
               
               
                 to DU 
                 DL Tx 
                 UL Rx 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DL 
                 Remove Ng if MT RX/DU 
                 Remove Ng if MT RX/DU 
               
               
                 Rx 
                 TX supported 
                 RX supported 
               
               
                 UL 
                 Remove Ng if MT TX/DU 
                 Remove Ng if MT TX/DU 
               
               
                 Tx 
                 TX supported 
                 RX supported 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DU 
                   
                   
               
               
                 to MT 
                 DL Rx 
                 UL Tx 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DL 
                 Remove Ng if MT RX/DU 
                 Remove Ng if MT TX/DU 
               
               
                 Tx 
                 TX supported 
                 TX supported 
               
               
                 UL 
                 Remove Ng if MT RX/DU 
                 Remove Ng if MT TX/DU 
               
               
                 Rx 
                 RX supported 
                 RX supported 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Additional Signaling for Dynamic Indication of IAB MT/DU Simultaneous Operation 
     Regarding IAB MT/DU simultaneous operation, RAN1 #98bis-RAN1 #99 have made the following agreements.
         The donor CU and the parent node can be made aware of the multiplexing capability between MT and DU (TDM required, TDM not required) of an IAB node to for any {MT CC, DU cell} pair.
           Signaling details up to RAN2/RAN3.   
           The indication of the multiplexing capability for the case of no-TDM between IAB MT and IAB DU is additionally provided with respect to each transmission-direction combination (per MT CC/DU cell pair):
           MT-TX/D U-TX   MT-TX/DU-RX   MT-RX/D U-TX   MT-RX/DU-RX   
               

     Note: This agreement does not require any additional specification impact in RAN1 in Rel-16, e.g. in Rel-16 the behaviour of the IAB node is only defined for TDM cases. The behaviour for no-TDM is left to IAB-node/network implementation in Rel-16. 
     In 3GPP RAN1 #98bis, F1AP signaling has been agreed to be used between CU and IAB node or Donor DU, to notify the donor CU and the parent node regarding the multiplexing capability between co-located MT and DU. 
     However, this is the semi-static F1AP configuration to notify the CU and the parent node that the simultaneous operation capability of an IAB node. Whether the capability is actually used or not needs additional dynamic signaling to notify the parent node, so that the parent node can utilize the parent link resource accordingly. 
     Signaling Contents 
     The signaling contents regarding dynamic IAB multiplexing information can have several options.
         Option A1: Enumerate the transmission-direction combination that allowed dynamically from the set of {MT-TX/DU-TX, MT-TX/DU-RX, MT-RX/DU-TX, MT-RX/DU-RX} for each {MT CC, DU Cell} pair.   Option A2: Use four bits to indicate the possible four transmission-direction combination for each {MT CC, DU Cell} pair. For example, fix the index order as {MT-TX/DU-TX, MT-TX/DU-RX, MT-RX/DU-TX, MT-RX/DU-RX}, then “1100” means MT-TX/DU-TX and MT-TX/DU-RX are currently allowed.       

     Signaling Methods 
     For signaling method, there can be several options to include the dynamic IAB multiplexing information through L1/L2 signaling to the parent DU.
         Option B1: Over UCI/PUCCH       

     For Option B1, regarding dynamic IAB multiplexing information over uplink control information (UCI) from the IAB MT to the parent IAB DU, a new field can be added in one of current uplink control information (UCI) formats. Alternatively, a new UCI format can be added if new field cannot be added in current UCI formats, and can be carried by physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). The PUCCH resource used to carry the new UCI type may be semi-statically configured or based on semi-persistent scheduling or dynamic scheduling. Note that PUCCH may be piggyback transmitted on PUSCH.
         Option B2: Over MAC CE/PUSCH       

     For Option B2, the dynamic IAB multiplexing information is over medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) carried by physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), which can be either dynamic triggered or configured grant. 
     In current NR specification (see 3GPP Technical Standard 38.321), the logic channel ID (LCD) field which identifies the logical channel instance of the corresponding MAC service data unit (SDU) or the type of the corresponding MAC CE or padding for the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) is described in the following Table. In some embodiments, one of the reserved LCID values (33-51) can be used to transmit the dynamic IAB multiplexing information from an IAB MT to its parent DU. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 TS38.321 Table 6.2.1-2 Values of LCID for UL-SCH 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Index 
                 LCID values 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 CCCH of size 64 bits 
               
               
                  1-32 
                 Identity of the logical channel 
               
               
                 33-51 
                 Reserved 
               
               
                 52 
                 CCCH of size 48 bits 
               
               
                 53 
                 Recommended bit rate query 
               
               
                 54 
                 Multiple Entry PHR (four octet C i ) 
               
               
                 55 
                 Configured Grant Confirmation 
               
               
                 56 
                 Multiple Entry PHR (one octet C i ) 
               
               
                 57 
                 Single Entry PHR 
               
               
                 58 
                 C-RNTI 
               
               
                 59 
                 Short Truncated BSR 
               
               
                 60 
                 Long Truncated BSR 
               
               
                 61 
                 Short BSR 
               
               
                 62 
                 Long BSR 
               
               
                 63 
                 Padding 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
         
         
           
             Option B3: Over a new defined L1 channel 
           
         
       
    
     For Option B3, if a L1 channel will be added in current specification, the dynamic IAB multiplexing information can also be transmitted over this new defined L1 channel. 
     Systems and Implementations 
       FIGS. 8-10  illustrate various systems, devices, and components that may implement aspects of disclosed embodiments. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a network  800  in accordance with various embodiments. The network  800  may operate in a manner consistent with 3GPP technical specifications for LTE or 5G/NR systems. However, the example embodiments are not limited in this regard and the described embodiments may apply to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems, or the like. 
     The network  800  may include a UE  802 , which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN  804  via an over-the-air connection. The UE  802  may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the network  800  may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface. The UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  802  may additionally communicate with an AP  806  via an over-the-air connection. The AP  806  may manage a WLAN connection, which may serve to offload some/all network traffic from the RAN  804 . The connection between the UE  802  and the AP  806  may be consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP  806  could be a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router. In some embodiments, the UE  802 , RAN  804 , and AP  806  may utilize cellular-WLAN aggregation (for example, LWA/LWIP). Cellular-WLAN aggregation may involve the UE  802  being configured by the RAN  804  to utilize both cellular radio resources and WLAN resources. 
     The RAN  804  may include one or more access nodes, for example, AN  808 . AN  808  may terminate air-interface protocols for the UE  802  by providing access stratum protocols including RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and L1 protocols. In this manner, the AN  808  may enable data/voice connectivity between CN  820  and the UE  802 . In some embodiments, the AN  808  may be implemented in a discrete device or as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of, for example, a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN or virtual baseband unit pool. The AN  808  be referred to as a BS, gNB, RAN node, eNB, ng-eNB, NodeB, RSU, TRxP, TRP, etc. The AN  808  may be a macrocell base station or a low power base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells. 
     In embodiments in which the RAN  804  includes a plurality of ANs, they may be coupled with one another via an X2 interface (if the RAN  804  is an LTE RAN) or an Xn interface (if the RAN  804  is a 5G RAN). The X2/Xn interfaces, which may be separated into control/user plane interfaces in some embodiments, may allow the ANs to communicate information related to handovers, data/context transfers, mobility, load management, interference coordination, etc. 
     The ANs of the RAN  804  may each manage one or more cells, cell groups, component carriers, etc. to provide the UE  802  with an air interface for network access. The UE  802  may be simultaneously connected with a plurality of cells provided by the same or different ANs of the RAN  804 . For example, the UE  802  and RAN  804  may use carrier aggregation to allow the UE  802  to connect with a plurality of component carriers, each corresponding to a Pcell or Scell. In dual connectivity scenarios, a first AN may be a master node that provides an MCG and a second AN may be secondary node that provides an SCG. The first/second ANs may be any combination of eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, etc. 
     The RAN  804  may provide the air interface over a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. To operate in the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may use LAA, eLAA, and/or feLAA mechanisms based on CA technology with PCells/Scells. Prior to accessing the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may perform medium/carrier-sensing operations based on, for example, a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol. 
     In V2X scenarios the UE  802  or AN  808  may be or act as a RSU, which may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable AN or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE. An RSU implemented in or by: a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU”; an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU”; a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU”; and the like. In one example, an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located on a roadside that provides connectivity support to passing vehicle UEs. The RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry to store intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, as well as applications/software to sense and control ongoing vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The RSU may provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as crash avoidance, traffic warnings, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU may provide other cellular/WLAN communications services. The components of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) to a traffic signal controller or a backhaul network. 
     In some embodiments, the RAN  804  may be an LTE RAN  810  with eNBs, for example, eNB  812 . The LTE RAN  810  may provide an LTE air interface with the following characteristics: SCS of 15 kHz; CP-OFDM waveform for DL and SC-FDMA waveform for UL; turbo codes for data and TBCC for control; etc. The LTE air interface may rely on CSI-RS for CSI acquisition and beam management; PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH/PDCCH demodulation; and CRS for cell search and initial acquisition, channel quality measurements, and channel estimation for coherent demodulation/detection at the UE. The LTE air interface may operating on sub-6 GHz bands. 
     In some embodiments, the RAN  804  may be an NG-RAN  814  with gNBs, for example, gNB  816 , or ng-eNBs, for example, ng-eNB  818 . The gNB  816  may connect with 5G-enabled UEs using a 5G NR interface. The gNB  816  may connect with a 5G core through an NG interface, which may include an N2 interface or an N3 interface. The ng-eNB  818  may also connect with the 5G core through an NG interface, but may connect with a UE via an LTE air interface. The gNB  816  and the ng-eNB  818  may connect with each other over an Xn interface. 
     In some embodiments, the NG interface may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the nodes of the NG-RAN  814  and a UPF  848  (e.g., N3 interface), and an NG control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the nodes of the NG-RAN  814  and an AMF  844  (e.g., N2 interface). 
     The NG-RAN  814  may provide a 5G-NR air interface with the following characteristics: variable SCS; CP-OFDM for DL, CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL; polar, repetition, simplex, and Reed-Muller codes for control and LDPC for data. The 5G-NR air interface may rely on CSI-RS, PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS similar to the LTE air interface. The 5G-NR air interface may not use a CRS, but may use PBCH DMRS for PBCH demodulation; PTRS for phase tracking for PDSCH; and tracking reference signal for time tracking. The 5G-NR air interface may operating on FR1 bands that include sub-6 GHz bands or FR2 bands that include bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The 5G-NR air interface may include an SSB that is an area of a downlink resource grid that includes PSS/SSS/PBCH. 
     In some embodiments, the 5G-NR air interface may utilize BWPs for various purposes. For example, BWP can be used for dynamic adaptation of the SCS. For example, the UE  802  can be configured with multiple BWPs where each BWP configuration has a different SCS. When a BWP change is indicated to the UE  802 , the SCS of the transmission is changed as well. Another use case example of BWP is related to power saving. In particular, multiple BWPs can be configured for the UE  802  with different amount of frequency resources (for example, PRBs) to support data transmission under different traffic loading scenarios. A BWP containing a smaller number of PRBs can be used for data transmission with small traffic load while allowing power saving at the UE  802  and in some cases at the gNB  816 . A BWP containing a larger number of PRBs can be used for scenarios with higher traffic load. 
     The RAN  804  is communicatively coupled to CN  820  that includes network elements to provide various functions to support data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (for example, users of UE  802 ). The components of the CN  820  may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes. In some embodiments, NFV may be utilized to virtualize any or all of the functions provided by the network elements of the CN  820  onto physical compute/storage resources in servers, switches, etc. A logical instantiation of the CN  820  may be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN  820  may be referred to as a network sub-slice. 
     In some embodiments, the CN  820  may be an LTE CN  822 , which may also be referred to as an EPC. The LTE CN  822  may include MME  824 , SGW  826 , SGSN  828 , HSS  830 , PGW  832 , and PCRF  834  coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the LTE CN  822  may be briefly introduced as follows. 
     The MME  824  may implement mobility management functions to track a current location of the UE  802  to facilitate paging, bearer activation/deactivation, handovers, gateway selection, authentication, etc. 
     The SGW  826  may terminate an Si interface toward the RAN and route data packets between the RAN and the LTE CN  822 . The SGW  826  may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. 
     The SGSN  828  may track a location of the UE  802  and perform security functions and access control. In addition, the SGSN  828  may perform inter-EPC node signaling for mobility between different RAT networks; PDN and S-GW selection as specified by MME  824 ; MME selection for handovers; etc. The S3 reference point between the MME  824  and the SGSN  828  may enable user and bearer information exchange for inter-3GPP access network mobility in idle/active states. 
     The HSS  830  may include a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions. The HSS  830  can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc. An S6a reference point between the HSS  830  and the MME  824  may enable transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the LTE CN  820 . 
     The PGW  832  may terminate an SGi interface toward a data network (DN)  836  that may include an application/content server  838 . The PGW  832  may route data packets between the LTE CN  822  and the data network  836 . The PGW  832  may be coupled with the SGW  826  by an S5 reference point to facilitate user plane tunneling and tunnel management. The PGW  832  may further include a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection (for example, PCEF). Additionally, the SGi reference point between the PGW  832  and the data network  836  may be an operator external public, a private PDN, or an intra-operator packet data network, for example, for provision of IMS services. The PGW  832  may be coupled with a PCRF  834  via a Gx reference point. 
     The PCRF  834  is the policy and charging control element of the LTE CN  822 . The PCRF  834  may be communicatively coupled to the app/content server  838  to determine appropriate QoS and charging parameters for service flows. The PCRF  832  may provision associated rules into a PCEF (via Gx reference point) with appropriate TFT and QCI. 
     In some embodiments, the CN  820  may be a 5GC  840 . The 5GC  840  may include an AUSF  842 , AMF  844 , SMF  846 , UPF  848 , NSSF  850 , NEF  852 , NRF  854 , PCF  856 , UDM  858 , and AF  860  coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the 5GC  840  may be briefly introduced as follows. 
     The AUSF  842  may store data for authentication of UE  802  and handle authentication-related functionality. The AUSF  842  may facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types. In addition to communicating with other elements of the 5GC  840  over reference points as shown, the AUSF  842  may exhibit an Nausf service-based interface. 
     The AMF  844  may allow other functions of the 5GC  840  to communicate with the UE  802  and the RAN  804  and to subscribe to notifications about mobility events with respect to the UE  802 . The AMF  844  may be responsible for registration management (for example, for registering UE  802 ), connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception of AMF-related events, and access authentication and authorization. The AMF  844  may provide transport for SM messages between the UE  802  and the SMF  846 , and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages. AMF  844  may also provide transport for SMS messages between UE  802  and an SMSF. AMF  844  may interact with the AUSF  842  and the UE  802  to perform various security anchor and context management functions. Furthermore, AMF  844  may be a termination point of a RAN CP interface, which may include or be an N2 reference point between the RAN  804  and the AMF  844 ; and the AMF  844  may be a termination point of NAS (N1) signaling, and perform NAS ciphering and integrity protection. AMF  844  may also support NAS signaling with the UE  802  over an N3 IWF interface. 
     The SMF  846  may be responsible for SM (for example, session establishment, tunnel management between UPF  848  and AN  808 ); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP function; configuring traffic steering at UPF  848  to route traffic to proper destination; termination of interfaces toward policy control functions; controlling part of policy enforcement, charging, and QoS; lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI system); termination of SM parts of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiating AN specific SM information, sent via AMF  844  over N2 to AN  808 ; and determining SSC mode of a session. SM may refer to management of a PDU session, and a PDU session or “session” may refer to a PDU connectivity service that provides or enables the exchange of PDUs between the UE  802  and the data network  836 . 
     The UPF  848  may act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point of interconnect to data network  836 , and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU session. The UPF  848  may also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane part of policy rules, lawfully intercept packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS handling for a user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL/DL rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic verification (e.g., SDF-to-QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering. UPF  848  may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network. 
     The NSSF  850  may select a set of network slice instances serving the UE  802 . The NSSF  850  may also determine allowed NSSAI and the mapping to the subscribed S-NSSAIs, if needed. The NSSF  850  may also determine the AMF set to be used to serve the UE  802 , or a list of candidate AMFs based on a suitable configuration and possibly by querying the NRF  854 . The selection of a set of network slice instances for the UE  802  may be triggered by the AMF  844  with which the UE  802  is registered by interacting with the NSSF  850 , which may lead to a change of AMF. The NSSF  850  may interact with the AMF  844  via an N22 reference point; and may communicate with another NSSF in a visited network via an N31 reference point (not shown). Additionally, the NSSF  850  may exhibit an Nnssf service-based interface. 
     The NEF  852  may securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions for third party, internal exposure/re-exposure, AFs (e.g., AF  860 ), edge computing or fog computing systems, etc. In such embodiments, the NEF  852  may authenticate, authorize, or throttle the AFs. NEF  852  may also translate information exchanged with the AF  860  and information exchanged with internal network functions. For example, the NEF  852  may translate between an AF-Service-Identifier and an internal 5GC information. NEF  852  may also receive information from other NFs based on exposed capabilities of other NFs. This information may be stored at the NEF  852  as structured data, or at a data storage NF using standardized interfaces. The stored information can then be re-exposed by the NEF  852  to other NFs and AFs, or used for other purposes such as analytics. Additionally, the NEF  852  may exhibit an Nnef service-based interface. 
     The NRF  854  may support service discovery functions, receive NF discovery requests from NF instances, and provide the information of the discovered NF instances to the NF instances. NRF  854  also maintains information of available NF instances and their supported services. As used herein, the terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like may refer to the creation of an instance, and an “instance” may refer to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. Additionally, the NRF  854  may exhibit the Nnrf service-based interface. 
     The PCF  856  may provide policy rules to control plane functions to enforce them, and may also support unified policy framework to govern network behavior. The PCF  856  may also implement a front end to access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a UDR of the UDM  858 . In addition to communicating with functions over reference points as shown, the PCF  856  exhibit an Npcf service-based interface. 
     The UDM  858  may handle subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions, and may store subscription data of UE  802 . For example, subscription data may be communicated via an N8 reference point between the UDM  858  and the AMF  844 . The UDM  858  may include two parts, an application front end and a UDR. The UDR may store subscription data and policy data for the UDM  858  and the PCF  856 , and/or structured data for exposure and application data (including PFDs for application detection, application request information for multiple UEs  802 ) for the NEF  852 . The Nudr service-based interface may be exhibited by the UDR  221  to allow the UDM  858 , PCF  856 , and NEF  852  to access a particular set of the stored data, as well as to read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notification of relevant data changes in the UDR. The UDM may include a UDM-FE, which is in charge of processing credentials, location management, subscription management and so on. Several different front ends may serve the same user in different transactions. The UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification handling, access authorization, registration/mobility management, and subscription management. In addition to communicating with other NFs over reference points as shown, the UDM  858  may exhibit the Nudm service-based interface. 
     The AF  860  may provide application influence on traffic routing, provide access to NEF, and interact with the policy framework for policy control. 
     In some embodiments, the 5GC  840  may enable edge computing by selecting operator/3rd party services to be geographically close to a point that the UE  802  is attached to the network. This may reduce latency and load on the network. To provide edge-computing implementations, the 5GC  840  may select a UPF  848  close to the UE  802  and execute traffic steering from the UPF  848  to data network  836  via the N6 interface. This may be based on the UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by the AF  860 . In this way, the AF  860  may influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing. Based on operator deployment, when AF  860  is considered to be a trusted entity, the network operator may permit AF  860  to interact directly with relevant NFs. Additionally, the AF  860  may exhibit an Naf service-based interface. 
     The data network  836  may represent various network operator services, Internet access, or third party services that may be provided by one or more servers including, for example, application/content server  838 . 
       FIG. 9  schematically illustrates a wireless network  900  in accordance with various embodiments. The wireless network  900  may include a UE  902  in wireless communication with an AN  904 . The UE  902  and AN  904  may be similar to, and substantially interchangeable with, like-named components described elsewhere herein. 
     The UE  902  may be communicatively coupled with the AN  904  via connection  906 . The connection  906  is illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols such as an LTE protocol or a 5G NR protocol operating at mmWave or sub-6 GHz frequencies. 
     The UE  902  may include a host platform  908  coupled with a modem platform  910 . The host platform  908  may include application processing circuitry  912 , which may be coupled with protocol processing circuitry  914  of the modem platform  910 . The application processing circuitry  912  may run various applications for the UE  902  that source/sink application data. The application processing circuitry  912  may further implement one or more layer operations to transmit/receive application data to/from a data network. These layer operations may include transport (for example UDP) and Internet (for example, IP) operations 
     The protocol processing circuitry  914  may implement one or more of layer operations to facilitate transmission or reception of data over the connection  906 . The layer operations implemented by the protocol processing circuitry  914  may include, for example, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC and NAS operations. 
     The modem platform  910  may further include digital baseband circuitry  916  that may implement one or more layer operations that are “below” layer operations performed by the protocol processing circuitry  914  in a network protocol stack. These operations may include, for example, PHY operations including one or more of HARQ-ACK functions, scrambling/descrambling, encoding/decoding, layer mapping/de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol/bit metric determination, multi-antenna port precoding/decoding, which may include one or more of space-time, space-frequency or spatial coding, reference signal generation/detection, preamble sequence generation and/or decoding, synchronization sequence generation/detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions. 
     The modem platform  910  may further include transmit circuitry  918 , receive circuitry  920 , RF circuitry  922 , and RF front end (RFFE)  924 , which may include or connect to one or more antenna panels  926 . Briefly, the transmit circuitry  918  may include a digital-to-analog converter, mixer, intermediate frequency (IF) components, etc.; the receive circuitry  920  may include an analog-to-digital converter, mixer, IF components, etc.; the RF circuitry  922  may include a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, power tracking components, etc.; RFFE  924  may include filters (for example, surface/bulk acoustic wave filters), switches, antenna tuners, beamforming components (for example, phase-array antenna components), etc. The selection and arrangement of the components of the transmit circuitry  918 , receive circuitry  920 , RF circuitry  922 , RFFE  924 , and antenna panels  926  (referred generically as “transmit/receive components”) may be specific to details of a specific implementation such as, for example, whether communication is TDM or FDM, in mmWave or sub-6 gHz frequencies, etc. In some embodiments, the transmit/receive components may be arranged in multiple parallel transmit/receive chains, may be disposed in the same or different chips/modules, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the protocol processing circuitry  914  may include one or more instances of control circuitry (not shown) to provide control functions for the transmit/receive components. 
     A UE reception may be established by and via the antenna panels  926 , RFFE  924 , RF circuitry  922 , receive circuitry  920 , digital baseband circuitry  916 , and protocol processing circuitry  914 . In some embodiments, the antenna panels  926  may receive a transmission from the AN  904  by receive-beamforming signals received by a plurality of antennas/antenna elements of the one or more antenna panels  926 . 
     A UE transmission may be established by and via the protocol processing circuitry  914 , digital baseband circuitry  916 , transmit circuitry  918 , RF circuitry  922 , RFFE  924 , and antenna panels  926 . In some embodiments, the transmit components of the UE  904  may apply a spatial filter to the data to be transmitted to form a transmit beam emitted by the antenna elements of the antenna panels  926 . 
     Similar to the UE  902 , the AN  904  may include a host platform  928  coupled with a modem platform  930 . The host platform  928  may include application processing circuitry  932  coupled with protocol processing circuitry  934  of the modem platform  930 . The modem platform may further include digital baseband circuitry  936 , transmit circuitry  938 , receive circuitry  940 , RF circuitry  942 , RFFE circuitry  944 , and antenna panels  946 . The components of the AN  904  may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with like-named components of the UE  902 . In addition to performing data transmission/reception as described above, the components of the AN  908  may perform various logical functions that include, for example, RNC functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management, and data packet scheduling. 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG. 10  shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources  1000  including one or more processors (or processor cores)  1010 , one or more memory/storage devices  1020 , and one or more communication resources  1030 , each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus  1040  or other interface circuitry. For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor  1002  may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources  1000 . 
     The processors  1010  may include, for example, a processor  1012  and a processor  1014 . The processors  1010  may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those discussed herein), or any suitable combination thereof. 
     The memory/storage devices  1020  may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices  1020  may include, but are not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc. 
     The communication resources  1030  may include interconnection or network interface controllers, components, or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices  1004  or one or more databases  1006  or other network elements via a network  1008 . For example, the communication resources  1030  may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via USB, Ethernet, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. 
     Instructions  1050  may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors  1010  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions  1050  may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors  1010  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), the memory/storage devices  1020 , or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions  1050  may be transferred to the hardware resources  1000  from any combination of the peripheral devices  1004  or the databases  1006 . Accordingly, the memory of processors  1010 , the memory/storage devices  1020 , the peripheral devices  1004 , and the databases  1006  are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media. 
     Example Procedures 
     In some embodiments, the electronic device(s), network(s), system(s), chip(s) or component(s), or portions or implementations thereof, of  FIGS. 8-10 , or some other figure herein, may be configured to perform one or more processes, techniques, or methods as described herein, or portions thereof. One such process  1100  is depicted in  FIG. 11 . In some embodiments, the process  1100  may be performed by an IAB node or a portion thereof (e.g., baseband circuitry of the IAB node). 
     For example, the process  1100  may include, at  1102 , determining an operational mode for simultaneous operation of a mobile terminal (MT) communication and a distributed unit (DU) communication. In some embodiments, the operational mode may be one of: a first mode in which the MT communication is an MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU transmission; a second mode in which the MT communication is an MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU reception; a third mode in which the MT communication is an MT reception and the DU communication is a DU transmission; and/or a fourth mode in which the MT communication is an MT reception and the DU communication is a DU reception. 
     The process  1100  may further include, at  1104 , aligning the MT communication and the DU communication based on the determined operational mode. The alignment may be slot-based alignment or symbol-based alignment. In some embodiments, aligning may include encoding parent link timing information for transmission to a child MT, e.g., to enable the child MT to shift the timing of its child MT transmission. The parent link timing information may include, for example a TA 0  value and/or a T p0  value. In one example, the parent link timing information may include one value that corresponds to TA 0 −T p0 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates another process  1200  in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, the process  1200  may be performed by an IAB node or a portion thereof (e.g., baseband circuitry of the IAB node). 
     For example, the process  1200  may include, at  1202 , communicating, in a first slot, a first mobile terminal (MT) communication and a first distributed unit (DU) communication simultaneously. In various embodiments, the first MT communication is one of a first MT transmission or a first MT reception; the first DU communication is one of a first DU transmission or a first DU reception; the second MT communication is one of a second MT transmission or a second MT reception; and/or the second DU communication is one of a second DU transmission or a second DU reception. 
     The process  1200  may further include, at  1204 , communicating, in a second slot after and adjacent to the first slot, a second MT communication and/or a second DU communication with no guard period. In some embodiments, the communicating in the second slot includes the second MT communication, and the guard period is omitted based on a determination that the IAB node supports simultaneous operation of the second MT communication and the first DU communication. Additionally, or alternatively, in some embodiments, the communicating in the second slot includes the second DU communication, and the guard period is omitted based on a determination that the IAB node supports simultaneous operation of the second DU communication and the first MT communication. 
     In some embodiments, the process  1200  may further include transmitting, to a parent node, IAB multiplexing information to indicate one or more IAB multiplexing modes that are used by the IAB node. In one example, the IAB multiplexing information enumerates the one or more IAB multiplexing modes that are used by the IAB node. In another example, the IAB multiplexing information includes a plurality of bits, wherein individual bits of the plurality of bits indicate whether a corresponding individual IAB multiplexing mode is used by the IAB node. 
     For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 may include a method of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, the method comprising: determining an operational mode for simultaneous operation of a mobile terminal (MT) communication and a distributed unit (DU) communication; and aligning the MT communication and the DU communication based on the determined operational mode. 
     Example 2 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein the aligning is a slot-based alignment. 
     Example 3 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein the aligning is a symbol-based alignment. 
     Example 4 may include the method of example 1-3 or some other example herein, wherein the operational mode is one of: a first mode in which the MT communication is an MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU transmission; a second mode in which the MT communication is an MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU reception; a third mode in which the MT communication is an MT reception and the DU communication is a DU transmission; and/or a fourth mode in which the MT communication is an MT reception and the DU communication is a DU reception. 
     Example 5 may include the method of example 1-4 or some other example herein, wherein the MT communication is an MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU transmission, and wherein the aligning includes delaying the MT transmission to align with the DU transmission. 
     Example 6 may include the method of example 5 or some other example herein, wherein the delay corresponds to TA 0 −T p0 , wherein TA 0  is a time advance control for the MT transmission and T p0  is a parent link propagation delay. 
     Example 7 may include the method of example 1-4 or some other example herein, wherein the MT communication is an MT reception and the DU communication is a DU reception, wherein the aligning includes delaying a child MT transmission to align the DU reception with the MT reception. 
     Example 8 may include the method of example 7 or some other example herein, wherein the delay corresponds to TA−2T p +T p0 , wherein TA is a time advance control for the child MT transmission, T p  is a child link propagation delay, and T p0  is a parent link propagation delay. 
     Example 9 may include the method of example 7-8 or some other example herein, wherein the aligning includes transmitting, to a child MT, a parent link propagation delay to cause the alignment. 
     Example 10 may include the method of example 1-4 or some other example herein, wherein the MT communication is a MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU reception, and wherein the aligning includes shifting a child MT transmission to align the DU reception with the MT transmission. 
     Example 11 may include the method of example 10 or some other example herein, wherein the shifting includes moving the child MT transmission ahead in time by ΔS=(TA 0 −T p0 )−(TA−2T p ), wherein TA 0  is a time advance control for the MT transmission, T p0  is a parent link propagation delay TA is a time advance control for the child MT transmission, and T p  is a child link propagation delay. 
     Example 12 may include the method of example 11 or some other example herein, further comprising transmitting, to a child MT that is to transmit the child MT transmission, parent link timing parameters TA 0  and T p0 . 
     Example 13 may include the method of example 1-4 or some other example herein, wherein the MT communication is a MT transmission and the DU communication is a DU reception, and wherein the aligning includes shifting the MT transmission to align with the DU reception. 
     Example 14 may include the method of example 13 or some other example herein, wherein the shifting includes delaying the MT transmission by ΔS=(TA 0 −T p0 )−(TA−2T p ), wherein TA 0  is a time advance control for the MT transmission, T p0  is a parent link propagation delay TA is a time advance control for the child MT transmission, and T p  is a child link propagation delay. 
     Example 15 may include the method of example 1-14 or some other example herein, wherein the aligning includes transmitting, to a child MT, parent link timing information to cause the alignment. 
     Example 16 may include the method of example 15 or some other example herein, wherein the parent link timing information includes a time advance control for an MT transmission (TA 0 ) and/or a parent link propagation delay (T p0 ). 
     Example 17 may include the method of example 15-16 or some other example herein, wherein the parent link timing information is transmitted via a MAC CE on a PDSCH. 
     Example 18 may include the method of example 15-16 or some other example herein, wherein the parent link timing information is transmitted via a group-common PDCCH. 
     Example 19 may include the method of example 15-16 or some other example herein, wherein the parent link timing information is transmitted via an L1 channel. 
     Example 20 may include a method of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, the method comprising: communicating, in a first slot, a first mobile terminal (MT) communication and a first distributed unit (DU) communication simultaneously; and communicating, in a second slot after and adjacent to the first slot, a second MT communication and/or a second DU communication with no guard period. 
     Example 21 may include the method of example 20 or some other example herein, wherein the communicating in the second slot includes the second MT communication, and wherein the guard period is omitted based on a determination that the IAB node supports simultaneous operation of the second MT communication and the first DU communication. 
     Example 22 may include the method of example 20 or some other example herein, wherein the communicating in the second slot includes the second DU communication, and wherein the guard period is omitted based on a determination that the IAB node supports simultaneous operation of the second DU communication and the first MT communication. 
     Example 23 may include the method of example 20-22 or some other example herein, wherein: 
     the first MT communication is one of a first MT transmission or a first MT reception; 
     the first DU communication is one of a first DU transmission or a first DU reception; 
     the second MT communication is one of a second MT transmission or a second MT reception; and 
     the second DU communication is one of a second DU transmission or a second DU reception. 
     Example 24 may include the method of an IAB node, the method comprising: determining one or more IAB multiplexing modes that are used by the IAB node; and encoding, for transmission to a parent node, IAB multiplexing information to indicate the one or more IAB multiplexing modes that are used by the IAB node. 
     Example 25 may include the method of example 24 or some other example herein, wherein the one or more IAB multiplexing modes include one or more of: a first mode in which an MT transmission is simultaneous with a DU transmission, a second mode in which an MT transmission is simultaneous with a DU reception, a third mode in which an MT reception is simultaneous with a DU transmission, and a fourth mode in which an MT reception is simultaneous with a DU reception. 
     Example 26 may include the method of example 24-25 or some other example herein, wherein the IAB multiplexing information enumerates the one or more IAB multiplexing modes that are used by the IAB node. 
     Example 27 may include the method of example 24-25 or some other example herein, wherein the IAB multiplexing information includes a plurality of bits, wherein individual bits of the plurality of bits indicate whether a corresponding individual IAB multiplexing mode is used by the IAB node. 
     Example 28 may include the method of example 24-27 or some other example herein, wherein the IAB multiplexing information is transmitted in uplink control information (UCI). 
     Example 29 may include the method of example 24-27 or some other example herein, wherein the IAB multiplexing information is transmitted in a MAC CE. 
     Example 30 may include the method of example 24-27 or some other example herein, wherein the IAB multiplexing information is transmitted in an L1 channel. 
     Example 31 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example 32 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example 33 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example 34 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example 35 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions thereof. 
     Example 36 may include a signal as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example 37 may include a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example 38 may include a signal encoded with data as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example 39 may include a signal encoded with a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example 40 may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors is to cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions thereof. 
     Example 41 may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-30, or portions thereof. 
     Example 42 may include a signal in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example 43 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example 44 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Example 45 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples), unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments. 
     Abbreviations 
     Unless used differently herein, terms, definitions, and abbreviations may be consistent with terms, definitions, and abbreviations defined in 3GPP TR 21.905 v16.0.0 (2019 June). For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations may apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
                 3GPP Third Generation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Partnership Project  
               
               
                   
                   
                 4G Fourth Generation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 5G Fifth Generation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 5GC 5G Core network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ACK Acknowledgement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AF Application  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AM Acknowledged  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mode  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AMBRAggregate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Maximum Bit Rate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AMF Access and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobility  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AN Access Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ANR Automatic  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neighbour Relation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AP Application  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol, Antenna  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Port, Access Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 API Application  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Programming Interface  
               
               
                   
                   
                 APN Access Point Name  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ARP Allocation and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Retention Priority  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ARQ Automatic Repeat 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Request  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AS Access Stratum  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ASN.1 Abstract Syntax  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Notation One  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AUSF Authentication 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Server Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 AWGN Additive  
               
               
                   
                   
                 White Gaussian  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Noise  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BAP Backhaul  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Adaptation Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BCH Broadcast Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BER Bit Error Ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BFD Beam Failure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Detection  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BLER Block Error Rate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BPSK Binary Phase Shift  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Keying  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BRAS Broadband Remote  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Server  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BSS Business Support  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BS Base Station  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BSR Buffer Status  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Report  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BW Bandwidth  
               
               
                   
                   
                 BWP Bandwidth Part  
               
               
                   
                   
                 C-RNTI Cell Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network Temporary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CA Carrier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aggregation,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Certification  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Authority  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CAPEX CAPital  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EXpenditure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CBRA Contention Based  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Random Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CC Component Carrier,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Country Code,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cryptographic  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Checksum  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CCA Clear Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Assessment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CCE Control Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Element  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CCCH Common Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CE Coverage  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Enhancement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CDM Content Delivery  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CDMA Code- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Division Multiple  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CFRA Contention Free  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Random Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CG Cell Group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CI Cell Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CID Cell-ID (e.g.,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 positioning method)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CIM Common  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information Model  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CIR Carrier to  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interference Ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CK Cipher Key  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CM Connection  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management, Conditional  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mandatory  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CMAS Commercial  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Alert Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CMD Command  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CMS Cloud Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CO Conditional  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Optional  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CoMP Coordinated Multi- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CORESET Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Resource Set  
               
               
                   
                   
                 COTS Commercial Off- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 The-Shelf  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CP Control Plane,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cyclic Prefix, Connection  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CPD Connection Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CPE Customer Premise  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Equipment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CPICHCommon Pilot  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CQI Channel Quality 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CPU CSI processing  
               
               
                   
                   
                 unit, Central Processing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 C/R  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Command/Response 
               
               
                   
                   
                 field bit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CRAN Cloud Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Network,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cloud RAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CRB Common Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CRC Cyclic Redundancy  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Check  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CRI Channel-State 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator, CSI-RS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Resource Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 C-RNTI Cell RNTI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CS Circuit Switched  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSAR Cloud Service 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Archive  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSI Channel-State  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSI-IM CSI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSI-RS CSI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSI-RSRP CSI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 received power  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSI-RSRQ CSI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 received quality  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSI-SINR CSI signal- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to-noise and interference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSMA Carrier Sense  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSMA/CA CSMA with  
               
               
                   
                   
                 collision avoidance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CSS Common Search  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Space, Cell-specific  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Search Space 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CTS Clear-to-Send  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CW Codeword  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CWS Contention  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Window Size  
               
               
                   
                   
                 D2D Device-to-Device  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DC Dual Connectivity,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Direct Current  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DCI Downlink Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DF Deployment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Flavour  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DL Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DMTF Distributed  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management Task Force  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DPDK Data Plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Development Kit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DM-RS, DMRS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Demodulation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DN Data network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DRB Data Radio Bearer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DRS Discovery  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DRX Discontinuous  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reception  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DSL Domain Specific  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Language. Digital  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber Line  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DSLAM DSL Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplexer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 DwPTS Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Pilot Time Slot  
               
               
                   
                   
                 E-LAN Ethernet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Local Area Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 E2E End-to-End  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ECCA extended clear  
               
               
                   
                   
                 channel assessment,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 extended CCA  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ECCE Enhanced Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel Element,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Enhanced CCE  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ED Energy Detection  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EDGE Enhanced Datarates  
               
               
                   
                   
                 for GSM Evolution  
               
               
                   
                   
                 (GSM Evolution) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 EGMF Exposure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Governance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EGPRS Enhanced 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GPRS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EIR Equipment Identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Register  
               
               
                   
                   
                 eLAA enhanced Licensed  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Assisted Access,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 enhanced LAA  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EM Element Manager 
               
               
                   
                   
                 eMBB Enhanced Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Broadband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EMS Element  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 eNB evolved NodeB, E- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRAN Node B  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EN-DC E-UTRA- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NR Dual  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EPC Evolved Packet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Core  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EPDCCH enhanced  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDCCH, enhanced  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control Cannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EPRE Energy per  
               
               
                   
                   
                 resource element  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EPS Evolved Packet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EREG enhanced REG,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 enhanced resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 element groups  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ETSI European  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Telecommunications  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Standards Institute  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ETWS Earthquake and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tsunami Warning  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 eUICC embedded UICC,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 embedded Universal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Integrated Circuit Card  
               
               
                   
                   
                 E-UTRA Evolved  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRA  
               
               
                   
                   
                 E-UTRAN Evolved  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 EV2X Enhanced V2X  
               
               
                   
                   
                 F1AP F1 Application  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 F1-C F1 Control plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 interface  
               
               
                   
                   
                 F1-U F1 User plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 interface  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FACCH Fast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FACCH/F Fast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel/Full rate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FACCH/H Fast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel/Half rate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FACH Forward Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FAUSCH Fast Uplink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signalling Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FB Functional Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FBI Feedback  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FCC Federal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communications  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Commission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FCCH Frequency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Correction CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FDD Frequency Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Duplex  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FDM Frequency Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplex  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FDMA Frequency Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 FE Front End  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FEC Forward Error 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Correction  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FFS For Further Study  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FFT Fast Fourier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transformation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 feLAA further enhanced  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Licensed Assisted  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access, further  
               
               
                   
                   
                 enhanced LAA  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FN Frame Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FPGA Field- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Programmable Gate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Array  
               
               
                   
                   
                 FR Frequency Range  
               
               
                   
                   
                 G-RNTI GERAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GERAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GSM EDGE RAN, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GSM EDGE Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GGSN Gateway GPRS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Support Node  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GLONASS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GLObal&#39;naya  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NAvigatsionnaya  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sputnikovaya 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sistema (Engl.:  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Global Navigation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Satellite System)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 gNB Next Generation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NodeB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 gNB-CU gNB- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 centralized unit, Next  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Generation NodeB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 centralized unit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 gNB-DU gNB- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 distributed unit, Next  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Generation NodeB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 distributed unit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GNSS Global Navigation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Satellite System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GPRS General Packet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GSM Global System for  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communications,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Groupe Spécial  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GTP GPRS Tunneling  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GTP-UGPRS Tunnelling  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol for User  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GTS Go To Sleep Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 (related to WUS)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GUMMEI Globally  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unique MME Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 GUTI Globally Unique  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary UE Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HARQ Hybrid ARQ,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hybrid Automatic  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Repeat Request  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HANDO Handover  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HFN HyperFrame  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HHO Hard Handover  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HLR Home Location  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Register  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HN Home Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HO Handover  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HPLMN Home  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Public Land Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HSDPA High Speed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink Packet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HSN Hopping Sequence  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HSPA High Speed Packet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HSS Home Subscriber 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Server  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HSUPA High Speed  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink Packet Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HTTP Hyper Text  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transfer Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 HTTPS Hyper Text 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transfer Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Secure (https is  
               
               
                   
                   
                 http/1.1 over SSL,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 i.e. port 443)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 I-Block Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ICCID Integrated Circuit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Card Identification  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IAB Integrated Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 and Backhaul  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ICIC Inter-Cell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Coordination  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ID Identity, identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IDFT Inverse Discrete  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fourier Transform  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IE Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 element  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IBE In-Band Emission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IEEE Institute of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electrical and Electronics 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Engineers  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IEI Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Element Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IEIDL Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Element Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Data Length  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IETF Internet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Engineering Task  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Force  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IF Infrastructure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IM Interference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intermodulation, IP 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multimedia  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMC IMS Credentials  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMEI International  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Equipment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMGI International  
               
               
                   
                   
                 mobile group identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMPI IP Multimedia  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Private Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMPU IP Multimedia  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PUblic identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMS IP Multimedia  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subsystem  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMSI International  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Subscriber 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IoT Internet of Things  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IP Internet Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ipsec IP Security,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Internet Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Security  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IP-CAN IP- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IP-M IP Multicast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IPv4 Internet Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Version 4  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IPv6 Internet Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Version 6  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IR Infrared  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IS In Sync  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IRP Integration  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ISDN Integrated Services  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Digital Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ISIM IM Services  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity Module  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ISO International  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Organisation for  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Standardisation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ISP Internet Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Provider  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IWF Interworking- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 I-WLAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interworking  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WLAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Constraint length of  
               
               
                   
                   
                 the convolutional code, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 USIM Individual key  
               
               
                   
                   
                 kB Kilobyte (1000  
               
               
                   
                   
                 bytes)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 kbps kilo-bits per second  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Kc Ciphering key  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ki Individual  
               
               
                   
                   
                 subscriber  
               
               
                   
                   
                 authentication key 
               
               
                   
                   
                 KPI Key Performance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 KQI Key Quality  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 KSI Key Set Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ksps kilo-symbols per  
               
               
                   
                   
                 second  
               
               
                   
                   
                 KVM Kernel Virtual  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Machine  
               
               
                   
                   
                 L1 Layer 1 (physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 L1-RSRP Layer 1  
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 received power  
               
               
                   
                   
                 L2 Layer 2 (data link 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 L3 Layer 3 (network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LAA Licensed Assisted  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LAN Local Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LBT Listen Before Talk 
               
               
                   
                   
                 LCM LifeCycle  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LCR Low Chip Rate  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LCS Location Services  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LCID Logical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel ID  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LI Layer Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LLC Logical Link  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control, Low Layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Compatibility  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LPLMN Local  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PLMN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LPP LTE Positioning  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LSB Least Significant  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LTE Long Term  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Evolution  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LWA LTE-WLAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 aggregation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LWIP LTE/WLAN Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Level Integration with  
               
               
                   
                   
                 IPsec Tunnel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 LTE Long Term  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Evolution  
               
               
                   
                   
                 M2M Machine-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Machine  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MAC Medium Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control (protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 layering context)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MAC Message  
               
               
                   
                   
                 authentication code  
               
               
                   
                   
                 (security/encryption  
               
               
                   
                   
                 context)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MAC-A MAC used  
               
               
                   
                   
                 for authentication and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 key agreement (TSG T  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WG3 context)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MAC-IMAC used for data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 integrity of  
               
               
                   
                   
                 signalling messages (TSG  
               
               
                   
                   
                 T WG3 context)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MANO  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Orchestration  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MBMS Multimedia  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Broadcast and Multicast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MBSFN Multimedia  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Broadcast multicast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 service Single Frequency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCC Mobile Country  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Code  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCG Master Cell Group 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCOT Maximum Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Occupancy Time  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MCS Modulation and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 coding scheme  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MDAF Management Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Analytics Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MDAS Management Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Analytics Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MDT Minimization of  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Drive Tests  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ME Mobile Equipment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MeNB master eNB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MER Message Error  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MGL Measurement Gap 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Length  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MGRP Measurement Gap  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Repetition Period  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MIB Master Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block, Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information Base  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MIMO Multiple Input  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Output  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MLC Mobile Location  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Centre  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MM Mobility  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MME Mobility  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management Entity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MN Master Node  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MnS Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MO Measurement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Object, Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Originated  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MPBCH MTC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Broadcast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MPDCCH MTC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MPDSCH MTC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Shared CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MPRACH MTC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Random  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MPUSCH MTC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Uplink Shared  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MPLS MultiProtocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Label Switching  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MS Mobile Station  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MSB Most Significant  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MSC Mobile Switching  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Centre  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MSI Minimum System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information, MCH  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Scheduling  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MSID Mobile Station  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MSIN Mobile Station  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identification  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MSISDN Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber ISDN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MT Mobile Terminated,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Termination  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MTC Machine-Type  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communications  
               
               
                   
                   
                 mMTCmassive MTC,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 massive Machine- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Type Communications  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MU-MIMO Multi User  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MIMO  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MWUS MTC wake- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 up signal, MTC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WUS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NACK Negative  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Acknowledgement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NAI Network Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NAS Non-Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Stratum, Non-Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Stratum layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NCT Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity Topology  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NC-JT Non- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Coherent Joint  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NEC Network Capability  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Exposure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NE-DC NR-E- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRA Dual  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NEF Network Exposure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NF Network Function 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NFP Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Path  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NFPD Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Path  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NFV Network Functions  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Virtualization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NFVI NFV Infrastructure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NFVO NFV Orchestrator 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NG Next Generation,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Next Gen  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NGEN-DC NG-RAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 E-UTRA-NR Dual  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NM Network Manager  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NMS Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 N-PoP Network Point of  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Presence  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NMIB, N-MIB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Narrowband MIB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NPBCH Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Broadcast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NPDCCH Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NPDSCH Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Shared CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NPRACH Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Random  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NPUSCH Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Uplink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Shared CHannel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NPSS Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Primary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSSS Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Secondary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NR New Radio,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neighbour Relation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NRF NF Repository  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NRS Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NS Network Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSA Non-Standalone  
               
               
                   
                   
                 operation mode  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSD Network Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSR Network Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Record  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSSAINetwork Slice  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Selection Assistance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S-NNSAI Single- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSSAI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSSF Network Slice  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Selection Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NW Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NWUSNarrowband wake- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 up signal, Narrowband  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WUS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 NZP Non-Zero Power  
               
               
                   
                   
                 O&amp;M Operation and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Maintenance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ODU2 Optical channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Data Unit-type 2  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OFDM Orthogonal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Frequency Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplexing  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OFDMA Orthogonal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Frequency Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OOB Out-of-band  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OOS Out of Sync  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OPEX OPerating EXpense  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OSI Other System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OSS Operations Support  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 OTA over-the-air  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PAPR Peak-to-Average  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Power Ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PAR Peak to Average  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PBCH Physical Broadcast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PC Power Control,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Personal Computer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PCC Primary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Component Carrier,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Primary CC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PCell Primary Cell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PCI Physical Cell ID,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Cell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PCEF Policy and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Charging  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Enforcement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PCF Policy Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PCRF Policy Control and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Charging Rules  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDCP Packet Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Convergence Protocol,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Packet Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Convergence  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDCCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDCP Packet Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Convergence Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDN Packet Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network, Public Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDSCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink Shared  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDU Protocol Data Unit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PEI Permanent  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Equipment Identifiers  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PFD Packet Flow  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Description  
               
               
                   
                   
                 P-GW PDN Gateway  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PHICH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 hybrid-ARQ indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PHY Physical layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PLMN Public Land Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PIN Personal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identification Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PM Performance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PMI Precoding Matrix  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PNF Physical Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PNFD Physical Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function Descriptor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PNFR Physical Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function Record  
               
               
                   
                   
                 POC PTT over Cellular  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PP, PTP Point-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PPP Point-to-Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PRACH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RACH  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PRB Physical resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PRG Physical resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 block group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ProSe Proximity Services,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Proximity-Based  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PRS Positioning  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PRR Packet Reception  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PS Packet Services  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSBCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Broadcast  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSDCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSCCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSFCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Feedback  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSSCH Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Shared  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSCell Primary SCell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSS Primary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PSTN Public Switched  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Telephone Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PT-RS Phase-tracking  
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PTT Push-to-Talk  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PUCCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 PUSCH Physical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink Shared  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QAM Quadrature  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Amplitude Modulation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QCI QoS class of  
               
               
                   
                   
                 identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QCL Quasi co-location  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QFI QoS Flow ID, QoS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Flow Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QoS Quality of Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QPSK Quadrature  
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Quaternary) Phase Shift 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Keying  
               
               
                   
                   
                 QZSS Quasi-Zenith  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Satellite System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RA-RNTI Random  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access RNTI 
               
               
                   
                   
                 RAB Radio Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bearer, Random  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Burst  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RACH Random Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RADIUS Remote  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Authentication Dial In  
               
               
                   
                   
                 User Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RAN Radio Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RAND RANDom number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 (used for  
               
               
                   
                   
                 authentication)  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RAR Random Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Response  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RAT Radio Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Technology  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RAU Routing Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Update  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RB Resource block,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Bearer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RBG Resource block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 REG Resource Element  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Rel Release  
               
               
                   
                   
                 REQ REQuest  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RF Radio Frequency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RI Rank Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RIV Resource indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 value  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RL Radio Link  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RLC Radio Link  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control, Radio Link  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RLC AM RLC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Acknowledged Mode  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RLC UM RLC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unacknowledged Mode  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RLF Radio Link Failure  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RLM Radio Link  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Monitoring  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RLM-RS Reference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal for RLM  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RM Registration  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RMC Reference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement Channel  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RMSI Remaining MSI,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Remaining Minimum  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RN Relay Node  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RNC Radio Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Controller  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RNL Radio Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RNTI Radio Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ROHC RObust Header  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Compression  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RRC Radio Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control, Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Resource Control layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RRM Radio Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RS Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RSRP Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Received Power  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RSRQ Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Received Quality  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RSSI Received Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Strength Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RSU Road Side Unit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RSTD Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Time difference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RTP Real Time Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RTS Ready-To-Send  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RTT Round Trip Time  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Rx Reception,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Receiving, Receiver  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S1AP S1 Application  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S1-MME S1 for the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 control plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S1-U S1 for the user  
               
               
                   
                   
                 plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S-GW Serving Gateway  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S-RNTI SRNC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S-TMSI SAE  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Station Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SA Standalone  
               
               
                   
                   
                 operation mode  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SAE System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Architecture Evolution  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SAP Service Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SAPD Service Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point Descriptor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SAPI Service Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCC Secondary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Component Carrier, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Secondary CC  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCell Secondary Cell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SC-FDMA Single  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Carrier Frequency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Division Multiple  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCG Secondary Cell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCM Security Context  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCS Subcarrier Spacing  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCTP Stream Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SDAP Service Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Adaptation Protocol,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service Data Adaptation  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SDL Supplementary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SDNF Structured Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Storage Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SDP Session Description  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SDSF Structured Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Storage Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SDU Service Data Unit  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEAF Security Anchor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SeNB secondary eNB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEPP Security Edge  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protection Proxy  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SFI Slot format  
               
               
                   
                   
                 indication  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SFTD Space-Frequency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Time Diversity, SFN and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 frame timing difference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SFN System Frame  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number or  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Single Frequency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SgNB Secondary gNB  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SGSN Serving GPRS  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Support Node  
               
               
                   
                   
                 S-GW Serving Gateway  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SI System Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SI-RNTI System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information RNTI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SIB System Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SIM Subscriber Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Module  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SIP Session Initiated  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SiP System in Package  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SL Sidelink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SLA Service Level  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Agreement  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SM Session  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SMF Session  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SMS Short Message  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SMSF SMS Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SMTC SSB-based  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement Timing  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Configuration  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SN Secondary Node,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sequence Number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SoC System on Chip  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SON Self-Organizing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SpCell Special Cell  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SP-CSI-RNTISemi- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Persistent CSI RNTI  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SPS Semi-Persistent  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Scheduling  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SQN Sequence number  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SR Scheduling Request  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SRB Signalling Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bearer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SRS Sounding  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SS Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SSB SS Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SSBRI SSB Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SSC Session and Service  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Continuity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SS-RSRP  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal based Reference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal Received  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Power  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SS-RSRQ  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal based Reference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal Received  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Quality  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SS-SINR  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal based Signal to  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Noise and Interference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SSS Secondary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SSSG Search Space Set  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SSSIF Search Space Set  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SST Slice/Service Types  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SU-MIMO Single User  
               
               
                   
                   
                 MIMO  
               
               
                   
                   
                 SUL Supplementary  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TA Timing Advance,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tracking Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TAC Tracking Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Code  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TAG Timing Advance  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TAU Tracking Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Update  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TB Transport Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TBS Transport Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Size  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TBD To Be Defined  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TCI Transmission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Configuration Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TCP Transmission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communication  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TDD Time Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Duplex  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TDM Time Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplexing  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TDMA Time Division  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TE Terminal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Equipment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TEID Tunnel End Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TFT Traffic Flow  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Template  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TMSI Temporary Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TNL Transport Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Layer  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TPC Transmit Power 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TPMI Transmitted  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Precoding Matrix  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TR Technical Report  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TRP, TRxP  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmission  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reception Point  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TRS Tracking Reference  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TRx Transceiver  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TS Technical  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Specifications,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Technical Standard  
               
               
                   
                   
                 TTI Transmission Time  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interval  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tx Transmission,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmitting,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmitter  
               
               
                   
                   
                 U-RNTI UTRAN  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identity  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UART Universal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Asynchronous  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Receiver and  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmitter  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UCI Uplink Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UE User Equipment  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UDM Unified Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UDP User Datagram  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UDR Unified Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Repository  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UDSF Unstructured Data  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Storage Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UICC Universal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Integrated Circuit Card  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UL Uplink  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UM Unacknowledged  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mode  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UML Unified Modelling  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Language  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UMTS Universal Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Telecommunications  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UP User Plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UPF User Plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 URI Uniform Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier  
               
               
                   
                   
                 URL Uniform Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Locator  
               
               
                   
                   
                 URLLC Ultra- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reliable and Low  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Latency  
               
               
                   
                   
                 USB Universal Serial  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bus  
               
               
                   
                   
                 USIM Universal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber Identity Module  
               
               
                   
                   
                 USS UE-specific search 
               
               
                   
                   
                 space  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRA UMTS Terrestrial  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRAN Universal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Terrestrial Radio  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 UwPTS Uplink Pilot  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Time Slot  
               
               
                   
                   
                 V2I Vehicle-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Infrastruction  
               
               
                   
                   
                 V2P Vehicle-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Pedestrian  
               
               
                   
                   
                 V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle  
               
               
                   
                   
                 V2X Vehicle-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 everything  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VIM Virtualized  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Infrastructure Manager  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VL Virtual Link,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VLAN Virtual LAN,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Virtual Local Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VM Virtual Machine  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VNF Virtualized  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network Function  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VNFFG VNF  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Graph 
               
               
                   
                   
                 VNFFGD VNF  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Graph  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VNFM VNF Manager  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VoIP Voice-over-IP,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Voice-over-Internet  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VPLMN Visited  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Public Land Mobile  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 VPN Virtual Private  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 VRB Virtual Resource  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WiMAX Worldwide  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interoperability for  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microwave Access  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WLANWireless Local  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Area Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WMAN Wireless  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Metropolitan Area  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 WPANWireless Personal  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Area Network  
               
               
                   
                   
                 X2-C X2-Control plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 X2-U X2-User plane  
               
               
                   
                   
                 XML eXtensible Markup  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Language  
               
               
                   
                   
                 XRES EXpected user  
               
               
                   
                   
                 RESponse  
               
               
                   
                   
                 XOR eXclusive OR  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ZC Zadoff-Chu  
               
               
                   
                   
                 ZP Zero Power 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Terminology 
     For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. 
     The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a complex PLD (CPLD), a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD), a structured ASIC, or a programmable SoC), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry. 
     The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, and/or transferring digital data. Processing circuitry may include one or more processing cores to execute instructions and one or more memory structures to store program and data information. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, a physical central processing unit (CPU), a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, and/or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, and/or functional processes. Processing circuitry may include more hardware accelerators, which may be microprocessors, programmable processing devices, or the like. The one or more hardware accelerators may include, for example, computer vision (CV) and/or deep learning (DL) accelerators. The terms “application circuitry” and/or “baseband circuitry” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, “processor circuitry.” 
     The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I/O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, and/or the like. 
     The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. 
     The term “network element” as used herein refers to physical or virtualized equipment and/or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous to and/or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, router, switch, hub, bridge, radio network controller, RAN device, RAN node, gateway, server, virtualized VNF, NFVI, and/or the like. 
     The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices and/or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing and/or networking resources. 
     The term “appliance,” “computer appliance,” or the like, as used herein refers to a computer device or computer system with program code (e.g., software or firmware) that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource. A “virtual appliance” is a virtual machine image to be implemented by a hypervisor-equipped device that virtualizes or emulates a computer appliance or otherwise is dedicated to provide a specific computing resource. 
     The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, and/or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor/CPU time, processor/CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input/output operations, ports or network sockets, channel/link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, and/or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by physical hardware element(s). A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices/systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing and/or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable. 
     The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with and/or equivalent to “communications channel,” “data communications channel,” “transmission channel,” “data transmission channel,” “access channel,” “data access channel,” “link,” “data link,” “carrier,” “radiofrequency carrier,” and/or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices through a RAT for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. 
     The terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like as used herein refers to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. 
     The terms “coupled,” “communicatively coupled,” along with derivatives thereof are used herein. The term “coupled” may mean two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with one another, may mean that two or more elements indirectly contact each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, and/or may mean that one or more other elements are coupled or connected between the elements that are said to be coupled with each other. The term “directly coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct contact with one another. The term “communicatively coupled” may mean that two or more elements may be in contact with one another by a means of communication including through a wire or other interconnect connection, through a wireless communication channel or link, and/or the like. 
     The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. 
     The term “SMTC” refers to an SSB-based measurement timing configuration configured by SSB-MeasurementTimingConfiguration. 
     The term “SSB” refers to an SS/PBCH block. 
     The term “a “Primary Cell” refers to the MCG cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. 
     The term “Primary SCG Cell” refers to the SCG cell in which the UE performs random access when performing the Reconfiguration with Sync procedure for DC operation. 
     The term “Secondary Cell” refers to a cell providing additional radio resources on top of a Special Cell for a UE configured with CA. 
     The term “Secondary Cell Group” refers to the subset of serving cells comprising the PSCell and zero or more secondary cells for a UE configured with DC. 
     The term “Serving Cell” refers to the primary cell for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC there is only one serving cell comprising of the primary cell. 
     The term “serving cell” or “serving cells” refers to the set of cells comprising the Special Cell(s) and all secondary cells for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA/. 
     The term “Special Cell” refers to the PCell of the MCG or the PSCell of the SCG for DC operation; otherwise, the term “Special Cell” refers to the Pcell.