Patent Publication Number: US-8523381-B1

Title: Systems, methods and devices for a turret-type socket for a fluorescent light fixture

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/360,248 titled, “Systems, Methods, and Devices for a Turret-Type Socket for a Fluorescent Light Fixture,” filed on Jun. 30, 2010, the entire contents of which are hereby fully incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the invention relate generally to a fluorescent light fixture, and more particularly to systems, methods, and devices for providing a turret-type light socket on a high bay fluorescent light fixture. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Several categories of lighting fixtures exist for warehouse/factory-type applications, including: high bay and low bay. Industrial buildings and workplaces require lighting systems that provide appropriate quantities of energy-efficient lighting. High bay (sometimes referred to as “hibay”) applications typically have a mounting height between 20 and 40 feet above the floor and the fixtures are individually mounted as “point sources.” Low bay applications typically have a mounting height less than 20 feet above the floor and the fixtures are mounted in close proximity to each other, and in some cases the fixtures may even touch one another. High bay fixtures typically have their own power sources, while low bay fixtures typically have power supplied to multiple fixtures in a row through a daisy chain. 
     High bay spaces are typically found in warehouses, factories, large retail stores, and athletic facilities. High-intensity Discharge (HID) light sources, such as metal halide and high-pressure sodium lamps, have long dominated the market for lighting indoor spaces with high ceilings (high bay). HID lamps are typically installed in fixtures that direct their light using parabolic reflectors, which gives them the ability to concentrate light on horizontal work surfaces from lofty mounting heights. However, HID fixtures have negative mercury disposal issues and they are considered “point sources” because they produce intense light in such a small area. For years, fluorescent lamps have been used in low bay applications. Fluorescent lamps emit diffuse light from long glass tubes. This characteristic of diffusivity has enabled fluorescent fixtures to dominate the market for lighting low bay applications. Recently, more intense and efficient fluorescent lamps have been developed (called High-intensity Fluorescent (HIF) lamps), which have enabled fluorescent systems to break through the ceiling-height barrier to compete directly with HID fixtures in the high bay market. 
     High bay applications tend to have environments that are relatively more harsh and corrosive than low bay applications. In particular, high bay environments can have more airborne dust and oil particulates. Unlike HID lamps, which typically have male-threaded electrodes that screw into female-threaded sockets, fluorescent lamps have exposed pin-type electrodes at the ends of the tubes. Current fluorescent high bay lighting products in the marketplace are designed to use twist-lock or roto-lock style sockets with no protective metal enclosure around the sockets. These types of sockets can cause failure of the fluorescent lamp or fixture when exposed to harsh industrial environments, such as those that expose the fluorescent light fixture and its sockets to oils and solvents. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, disadvantages and problems associated with existing light fixtures have been reduced. 
     According to one aspect of the invention, a light fixture is provided comprising a two-piece housing for turret-type fluorescent lamp sockets for high bay industrial applications, the two-piece housing comprising: an end cap that is a first piece; and a socket track that is a second piece comprising an end wall having at least one socket hole, whereby a turret-type fluorescent lamp socket is mountable in the at least one socket hole, wherein the end cap and socket track connect with each other to form the housing. 
     A further aspect of the invention provides a fluorescent luminaire fixture for high bay industrial applications, the fixture comprising: a first industrial socket housing; a second industrial socket housing; a wire way comprising a first end and a second end, the first end of the wire way coupled to the first socket housing and the second end of the wire way coupled to the second socket housing; at least one female turret-type socket mounted in the first socket housing and at least one male turret-type socket mounted in the second socket housing such that the male and female turret-type sockets are opposite each other, whereby a fluorescent lamp is receivable by the male and female turret-type sockets; and at least one reflector positioned relative to the male and female turret-type sockets, whereby light from a fluorescent lamp received by the male and female turret-type sockets is reflectable by the at least one reflector for a high bay application. 
     Still another aspect of the invention provides a fluorescent luminaire fixture for high bay industrial applications, the fixture comprising: first and second industrial socket housing, wherein each of the first and second industrial socket housings comprises: a first piece, and a second piece comprising at least one socket hole, whereby a turret-type fluorescent lamp socket is mountable in the at least one socket hole, and wherein the first and second pieces connect with each other to form an industrial socket housing; a wire way comprising a first end and a second end, the first end of the wire way coupled to the first industrial socket housing and the second end of the wire way coupled to the second industrial socket housing; at least one female turret-type socket mounted in the first industrial socket housing and at least one male turret-type socket mounted in the second industrial socket housing such that the male and female turret-type sockets are opposite each other, whereby a fluorescent lamp is receivable by the male and female turret-type sockets; and at least one reflector connected directly to the first and second industrial socket housings and positioned relative to the male and female turret-type sockets, whereby light from a fluorescent lamp received by the male and female turret-type sockets is reflectable by the at least one reflector for a high bay application. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features. Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view and a fluorescent light fixture with turret-type sockets in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a partial perspective view of the fluorescent light fixture of  FIG. 1  showing the turret-type sockets with fluorescent lamps coupled thereto in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is another partial perspective view of the fluorescent light fixture of  FIG. 1  showing the turret-type sockets in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is another partial perspective view of the fluorescent light fixture of  FIG. 1  showing the clam shell design between the endcap and the socket track in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is another partial perspective view showing the reflector mounting to the turret socket tracks in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  is another partial perspective view of the fluorescent light fixture of  FIG. 1  with a tong hanger system coupled thereto in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the fluorescent light fixture of  FIG. 1  presenting an alternative chain hanger system coupled thereto in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the fluorescent light fixture of  FIG. 1  having an alternative Gripple hanger system in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective exploded view of a fixture; 
         FIG. 10A  is an exploded view of a socket housing comprising an end cap and a socket track wherein the view is from the perspective looking into the socket track and endcap; 
         FIG. 10B  is an exploded view of the socket housing of  FIG. 10A , wherein the view is from the perspective looking at the outside of the end cap; 
         FIG. 10C  is an exploded view of the socket housing of  FIGS. 10A and 10B  wherein the view is of the tab on the end cap and slits or tab slots in the socket track; 
         FIG. 11A  is a perspective of the socket housing, wherein the end cap and socket track are assembled, wherein sockets are shown in an exploded view; 
         FIG. 11B  is a perspective view of the assembled socket housing shown in  FIG. 11A , wherein the view is of the outside of the end cap; 
         FIG. 11C  is a perspective view of the assembled socket housing, wherein the view is of the end cap tabs and socket track slits or tab slots; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of a socket housing wherein sockets are assembled into the socket housing assembly; 
         FIG. 13A  is a perspective of a channel wire way and a socket housing assembled thereto; 
         FIG. 13B  is a perspective view of a wire way channel with a first socket housing attached or assembled to one end of the wire way channel and second socket housing assembled to a second end of the wire way channel; 
         FIG. 14A  is a perspective view of two reflectors, wherein one reflector is fully assembled to the socket housing assemblies and a second reflector is shown in an exploded view; 
         FIG. 14B  is a perspective view of two reflectors, wherein one reflector is a solid form reflector and the other is a perforated form reflector for up light; 
         FIG. 15A  is a perspective view of a wire channel way with two assembled socket housings, and two side flanges shown in an exploded view; 
         FIG. 15B  is a perspective view of the fixture shown in  FIG. 15A , wherein the side flanges are assembled to the distal ends of the socket housing assemblies; 
         FIG. 16A  is a perspective view of a wire way channel with two socket housings assembled thereto, and a channel cover shown in a exploded view; 
         FIG. 16B  is a perspective view of the fixture in  FIG. 16A , wherein the channel cover is assembled to the channel of the wire way; 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of three pairs of turret-type sockets, wherein each pair comprises a female socket and a male socket; 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a fixture having a motion detector; and 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of a fixture, wherein reflectors are supported by cross-members attached to the wire way. 
     
    
    
     The drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, as the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. The elements and features shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Additionally, certain dimensions may be exaggerated to help visually convey such principles. In the drawings, reference numerals designate like or corresponding, but not necessarily identical, elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Preferred embodiments and their advantages over the prior art are best understood by reference to  FIGS. 1-19  below. However, the present disclosure may be more easily understood in the context of a high level description of certain embodiments. 
     Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a fluorescent light fixture having turret-type sockets to protect the electrical connection point between the lamp and the lamp socket from harsh industrial environments.  FIGS. 1-7  present an exemplary embodiment for a fluorescent light fixture  100  having turret-type sockets  205 . Referring now to  FIGS. 1-7 , the fixture  100  is designed for exposure to harsh industrial environments including, but not limited, environments where the fixture  100  is subject to contact with oils and solvents. While the exemplary fixture  100  of  FIGS. 1-7  presents a fixture  100  having six total lamps  210 , in certain exemplary embodiments, the fixture  100  can be modified to hold greater or fewer lamps  210 . In one exemplary embodiment, the fixture can hold anywhere between two and ten lamps  210 . The lamps  210  can be any type of elongated fluorescent lamp including, but not limited to, a T5 or T8 lamps. 
     The fixture includes one or more turret-type sockets  205 . In one exemplary embodiment, the turret-type socket  205  is a spring-loaded socket. The use of the spring loaded turret-type sockets  205  provides greater lamp  210  retention in the socket  205  during conditions of vibration and compensates for the slight variation in lamp lengths. The turret-type socket  205  provides a protective electrical connection point between one end of a lamp  210  and the fixture  100  by providing a metal cover surrounding the electrical connection point between the lamp  210  and the socket  205  and capable of receiving a portion of the end of the lamp therein. The turret-type socket  205  allows the electrical connection point between the lamp  210  and the socket  205  to withstand harsh industrial environments by enclosing the connection area of the lamp  210  inside the oil resistant thermoplastic socket  205 , which is enclosed in a sheet metal enclosure. As seen in  FIG. 4 , in one exemplary embodiment, the turret-type socket  205  further includes a metal enclosure  402  made up of two parts: a turret end cap  405 ; and a turret socket track  410 . The socket material itself can withstand the harsh environments and can hold up to the oils and solvents unlike the roto-lock style sockets typically used in high bay industrial applications. The turret end cap  405  and the turret socket track  410  conceal wiring to the turret-type sockets  205  and prevent risk of shock to a user attempting to access the area covered by the socket track  410  and end cap  405 . In addition, the turret end cap  405  and socket track  410  protect the sockets  205  and associated wiring for the fixture  100  from corning into contact with or being damaged by foreign objects. In certain exemplary embodiments, the combination of the end cap  405  and the socket track  410  has a clam shell design. The clam shell design provides additional structural stiffness across both ends of the fixture  100 . 
     In certain exemplary embodiments, the turret socket track  410  accepts and orients the turret-style sockets  205  and closes off the channel wire way  415  disposed longitudinally and substantially along the center of the fixture  100 . Further, the turret socket track  410  provides an attachment point  705  for the channel cover  415  and allows for attachment of the reflectors  305  and optional fixture side flanges  420 . The optional side flanges  420  couple the two structural ends of the fixture  100  together creating a complete robust industrial product in torsion and stiffness without the need for a fully enclosed housing. The fixture  100  also provides easy access to the ballast area (a ballast is not shown) and internal wiring without the removal of the lamps  210  and reflectors  305 . By providing access to the ballast area and also access to the wiring without the need to remove the lamps  210  or reflectors  305 , maintenance on the fixture  100  related to wiring or ballast issues can be completed more quickly. The exemplary fixture can also include an optional wire guard and/or door frame. The optional wire guard and door frame are configured to aid in protecting the internal components of the fixture  100  as well as contain potential debris and prevent it from causing lamp breakage, should debris get into the fixture  100 . 
       FIGS. 6-8  present three of many alternative hanging methods that can be used with the fixture  100 .  FIG. 6  presents a tong hanger  605  coupled to a portion of the channel  415  substantially near the longitudinal and latitudinal center of the fixture  100 .  FIG. 7  presents a pair of AYC chain hangers  710 ,  715  coupled to substantially opposing ends of the channel  415 .  FIG. 8  presents a Gripple hanger system that includes a pair of apertures  805  disposed along one end of the fixture  100  and one or a pair of wires  810  extending through the apertures  805 . A Gripple system is provided for on both ends of the fixture. Further, while the exemplary embodiment shows the wires  810  from the same end coupled to one another, the hanging system can be modified such that the wires from the same longitudinal end of the fixture  100  are alternatively coupled to one another. In addition to the hanging methods shown in  FIGS. 6-8 , the exemplary fixture  100  can also be mounted or hung using a four-point stem mounting system (not shown) or any other hanging system known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     According to certain aspects of the invention, High-intensity Fluorescent (HIF) lamps may be used in the fixture. Depending on the particular application, any number of lamps may be used, in particular, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 lamp fixture configurations may be employed. One embodiment of the invention is a high bay fluorescent fixture for industrial applications, which provides for energy efficiencies compared to HID fixtures and other fluorescent fixtures. Some embodiments of the fixture may provide better light or energy efficiency. Embodiments of the fixture may also have photometrics and optical distribution, wherein light output is sufficiently great so that relatively fewer fixtures are required to illuminate spaces. Embodiments of the fixture for industrial applications may provide protection against airborne particulates, oil residues and/or chemical vapors. Lamps that may be used in a high bay industrial application with the turret-type sockets may include, for example, T8, T8HO (slim line), T5 and T5HO. 
     According to other aspects of the invention, a motion detector may be used with the high bay fixture to turn the fluorescent lamps on when motion is detected in the proximity of the fixture. A control circuit may also cause the lamps to remain on for a period of time after the motion has been detected and then switch the lamps off. 
     Another aspect of the exemplary embodiments is to provide a housing that encloses sockets for fluorescent lamps. The housing may entirely enclose the sockets so that only the portions of the sockets for receiving lamp electrodes are accessible through the housing. In one exemplary embodiment, the housing comprises a clam shell design wherein two halves of the housing mate together to form the enclosure. The two halves of the housing may be assembled by connecting first portions of the two halves and then rotating the two halves about the connection point so that the two halves are completely mated to form the enclosure. 
     Still another aspect of the invention is to provide a wireway enclosure for the fixture ballast and other electrical components and to provide a socket housing assembly wherein the wireway and socket housing assembly are open to each other so that electrical wires connect the ballast and other electrical components to the sockets without the wires or any of the electrical components being exposed outside the enclosures. In some exemplary embodiments, the wireway enclosure is configured in such a way that access to the interior of the wireway enclosure is achieved without disassembly of fixture components and fluorescent lamps. In particular, a cover is removed to give access to the ballast and other wiring without removing the fluorescent lamps. 
     Exemplary embodiments may also include reflectors that reflect and focus light emitted by the fluorescent lamps so that the fixture may be mounted in high bay applications, i.e., higher than 20 feet from the floor, and the area of illumination on the floor of the high bay environment is increased, the intensity of light that reaches the floor is increased or a combination of both. In certain exemplary embodiments the reflectors may be mounted directly to the socket housing. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of a fixture  100  in a fully assembled configuration. The fixture  100  comprises a wireway  20 , two socket housings  30 , two reflectors  60 , and two side flanges  70 . In the view shown in  FIG. 1 , the front and a side of the fixture  100  are shown so that the reflective side of the reflectors  60  and sockets  33  and  34  are visible. 
       FIG. 9  is an exploded perspective view of the fixture  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . The socket housings  30  each comprise an end cap  31  and a socket track  32 . In the embodiment shown, six pairs of turret-type sockets are provided. Each socket pair has a female socket  33  and a male socket  34 . In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 9 , the wireway  20  is comprised of a channel  21  and a channel cover  22 . Two separate reflectors  60  are also provided. Finally, two side flanges  70  extend along the sides of the fixture  100 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 10A , an exploded perspective view of a socket housing  30  is illustrated. The socket housing comprises an end cap  31  and a socket track  32 . In one exemplary embodiment, the end cap  31  and socket track  32  are bent from separate stamped pieces of sheet metal. The end cap  31  has an end wall  37 , two side walls  38 , a back wall  39  and a front wall  40 . The side walls  38  are perpendicular to the end wall  37 . Similarly, the back wall  39  and the front wall  40  are perpendicular to the end wall  37 . Thus, the walls are formed together so as to form a box that is open at one side. The distal edge of the back wall  39  has two tabs  35 . The front wall  40 , at its distal edge, has a lip  41  that extends the entire length of the front wall  40 . In the middle of the front wall  40 , a cover plate  42  extends in a direction parallel to the front wall  40 . On each side of the cover plate  42 , a flange tab  43  extends in a direction parallel to the side wall  38 . 
     The socket track  32  shown in  FIG. 10A , comprises an end wall  47 , two side walls  48 , and back wall  49 . The side walls  48  and the back wall  49  are perpendicular to the end wall  47 . At the distal edge of the end wall  47 , a lip  51  extends in a perpendicular direction from the end wall  47  in a direction opposite the side walls  48 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the end wall  47  has six socket holes  50  for receiving turret-type sockets. The end wall  47  also has two flange tabs  53  that extend from a central portion of the end wall  47  in a direction perpendicular to the end wall  47 . It should be noted that, in one exemplary embodiment, the central portion of the end wall  47  is completely absent between the flange tabs  53 . At the distal edge of the back wall  49 , there are two reflector mounting flanges  54 . The reflector mounting flanges  54  extend in a direction parallel to the back wall  49 . However, the reflector mounting flanges  54  do not lie in the same plane as the back wall  49 , but rather they are off-set in the direction of end wall  47 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 10B , a perspective view of the disassembled socket housing of  FIG. 10A  is shown from the view of the outside of the end cap  31 . As previously discussed, the end cap  31  has front wall  40 , two side walls  38 , and a back wall  39  (not shown) that extend in directions perpendicular to the end wall  37 . The cover plate  42  can be seen extending beyond the front wall  40  of the end cap  31 . The socket track  32  is shown in this view with its six different socket holes  50  in the end wall  47 . As previously described, a back wall  49  and two side walls  48  extend in directions perpendicular to the end wall  47 . 
     Referring  FIG. 10   c , a perspective view of the socket housing  30  of  FIGS. 10A and 10B  is shown from a view toward the exterior of the back wall  39  and  49 . From this view, it is clearly shown how the reflector mounting flanges  54  are offset from the back wall  49  of the socket track  32 . Further, in this view it is clearly shown how the tabs  35  of the end cap  31  align for engagement with the slits or tab slots  36  of the socket track  32 . Referring to  FIGS. 10A through 10C , it should be noted that the socket housing  30  is formed by assembling to each other the end cap  31  and the socket track  32 . In particular, the tabs  35  of the end cap  31  are inserted into the slits or tab slots  36  of the socket track  32 . With the tabs  35  inserted in the slits or tab slots  36 , the socket track  32  is rotated toward the end cap  31  until the lip  51  of the socket track  32  is positioned immediately behind the lip  41  of the end cap  31 . In an embodiment, the height of the end wall  47  of the socket track  32  is slightly larger than the window formed by the back wall  39  and lip  41  of the end cap  31 , so that the end cap  31  must be expanded slightly so as to receive the socket housing and allowing the end cap to resiliently embrace the socket cap  32 . Once assembled, the socket housing  30  provides an enclosure for receiving turret-type sockets. In some manufacturing processes, the sockets  33 ,  34  and wiring may already be installed when the end cap  31  is attached to the socket track  32 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 11A through 11C , perspective views of a fully assembled socket housing  30  are illustrated. The tabs  35  are extended through the slits or tab slots  36  and the lip  51  (not shown) of the socket track  32  is immediately behind the lip  41  of the end cap  31 . The side walls  48  of the socket track  32  are immediately inside the side walls  38  of the end cap  31 . Similarly, a portion of the flange tab  53  of the socket track  32  is immediately inside flange tab  43  that extends from the cover plate  42  of the end cap  31 . When fully assembled, an opening into the interior of the socket housing  30  is formed by the back wall  49 , flange tabs  53 , and cover plate  42 . For purposes of this disclosure, this opening will be identified as a wireway opening  56 . Flange tabs  53  also creates a bent edge relative to end wall  47 , rather than a sharp edge, which may protect wires from being cut when exiting the channel wire way opening  56  (see  FIG. 11A ) and into the socket housing assembly. As shown in  FIGS. 11A through 11C , turret-type sockets are inserted into the socket holes  50  of the socket housing  30 . Female sockets  33  and male sockets  34  are illustrated. Referring to  FIG. 12 , a fully assembled socket housing  30  is illustrated with male and female sockets mounted therein. The socket housing  30  has a wireway opening  56  for connection to a wireway (not shown). Female sockets  33  and male sockets  34  are mounted in the end wall  47  of the socket housing  30 . The socket housing  30  also includes reflector mounting flanges  54 . 
     In some exemplary embodiments, the end cap  31  and socket track  32  form-fit together so that no fasteners are required to hold or fix the assembled parts relative to each other. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 10A through 11C , metal screw-type fasteners are inserted into end cap side holes  45  and socket track side holes  55 , after the end cap  31  and socket track  32  are assembled to align the holes as best seen in  FIG. 11A . Similarly, metal screw-type fasteners are inserted into cover plate flange tab holes  44  and socket track flange tab holes  57 , after the end cap  31  and socket track  32  are assembled to align the holes as best seen in  FIG. 11C . Alternatively, any fastening means known to persons of skill may be used, but one consideration is to ensure that the fastening means are U/L compliant pertaining to fasteners intruding into the wireway. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 13A and 13B , the backbone structure of the fixture  100  is illustrated. As shown in  FIG. 13A , a channel  21  is inserted into the wireway opening  56  of a socket housing  30 . The channel  21  is inserted into the wireway opening  56  until the end of the channel  21  is positioned between flange tabs  53  of the socket housing  30 . As shown in FIG.  13 B, the backbone of the fixture  100  is completely assembled when a first socket housing  30  is attached to one end of the channel  21  and a second socket housing  30  is attached the opposite and of the channel  21 . In the illustrated embodiment, metal screw-type fasteners are inserted into cover plate flange tab holes  44 , socket track flange tab holes  57 , and holes in the sides of the channel  21  to secure the channel  21  to the socket housing  30 , as best seen in  FIGS. 12 and 13A . Additionally, fasteners (not shown) may be installed through the back wall  39  of the end cap  31  or the back wall  49  of the socket track  32  and into the back wall of the channel  21 . Alternatively, any fastening means known to persons of skill may be used, but one consideration is to ensure that the fastening means are U/L compliant pertaining to fasteners proximate wiring. 
     Referring  FIG. 14A , assembly of reflectors to the fixture  100  is illustrated. The reflector  60  is mounted to each side of the fixture  100 . In particular, each end of a fixture is positioned immediately adjacent to reflector mounting flanges  54  on the socket housing  30 . Reflector holes  51  in the reflector  60  are made to align with flange hole  62  in each of the socket housings  30  so as to allow screw-type fasteners to be inserted through the holes to fasten the reflector  60  to the socket housings  30 . Alternatively, any fastening means known to persons of skill may be used, but one consideration is to ensure that the fastening means are U/L compliant pertaining to fasteners proximate wiring. As illustrated, the reflectors  60  are positioned relative to the turret-type sockets of the socket housings  30  so as to reflect light emitted from fluorescent lamps that will be inserted into the sockets. As shown in  FIG. 14A , with the reflectors  60  mounted directly to the socket housings  30 , the fixture  100  may have increased stability and rigidity. 
     Turning to  FIG. 14B , two different reflectors are illustrated. A solid-form reflector  64  provides maximum reflectivity but may also retain heat. Perforated-form reflector  65  has perforations  66  such that its reflectivity may be slightly less than what the reflectivity would be for a solid-form reflector  64 , but the perforations  66  allow for heat to dissipate from the reflector and are used for up-light applications. The reflectors may utilize a Zenoptic or X-FORM reflective material, by Cooper Industries. The reflectors may be made of silver reflective material called Specular, Semi-Specular or micro-matte finish, or painted white. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15A and 15B , assembly of the side flanges to the fixture is illustrated. The side flanges  70  are mounted directly to the side walls  38  and  48  of the socket housings  30 . While the side flanges  70  may be mounted to the fixture  100  by any means known to persons with skill in the art, in one exemplary embodiment, a screw-type fastener is inserted through holes in the side flanges  70  and into end cap side holes  45  and socket track side holes  55  of the socket housing  30 . Alternatively, any fastening means known to persons of skill may be used. As shown in  FIG. 15B , with the side flanges  70  mounted directly to the socket housings  30 , the fixture  100  may have increased stability and rigidity. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 16A and 16B , assembly of a wireway is illustrated. The wireway  20  is comprised of a channel  21  and a channel cover  22 . As previously described, the channel  21  extends between two socket housings  30  to form the backbone of a fixture  100 . In  FIG. 16A , the channel cover  22  is shown in an exploded view, while in  FIG. 16B , the channel cover  22  is assembled to the channel  21  to form the wireway  20 . Components of the fixture  100  may be contained within the wireway  20 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 17 , three pairs of turret-type sockets are shown. Each pair of sockets comprises a female socket  33  and a male socket  34 . The male sockets  34  have receptacles that extend beyond the housing of the socket. These receptacles are spring loaded so that fluorescent lamps may be inserted into the receptacle of the male socket  34  until the male socket is compressed against the spring so that the opposite end of the fluorescent lamps can be inserted into the female socket  33 . Because of the spring located inside the male sockets, the receptacles are biased to a position in which they retain fluorescent lamps between the male  34  and female  33  sockets. Illustrative turret-type sockets include those manufactured and sold by Leviton or Etlin Daniels. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates a perspective view of a fixture  100 , wherein the fixture  100  has a motion detector  80 . Motion detector  80  enables the fixture to operate in an energy efficient manner such that one or more of the lamps of the fixture  100  may remain off until motion is detected proximate the fixture  100 . When motion is detected, the motion detector  80  turns on the lamps of the fixture and causes the lamps to remain on for a period of time after motion is no longer detected. Motion detectors may be particularly useful in high bay applications where the fixture is being used as a “point source” for light. Where an array of fixtures  100  with motion detectors  80  are implemented in a high bay application, only the fixtures  100  detecting motion may be illuminated. In an alternative exemplary embodiment, when motion is detected by a motion detector  80  at one of the fixtures  100 , that fixture  100  as well as adjacent fixtures  100  may be illuminated. Thus, light may be provided only to those areas where activities occur. 
       FIG. 19  shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the reflectors  60  are not fixed to the socket housings  30 , but rather they are fixed to cross-members  26 . Thus, in this embodiment, the socket housings  30  do not comprise reflector mounting flanges (see  FIG. 14A ). The cross-members  26  are positioned to be perpendicular relative to the wire way  20 . The cross-members may be fixed to the wire way  20  via metal screw-type fasteners or any other fastening means known, but one consideration is to ensure that the fastening means are U/L compliant pertaining to fasteners proximate wiring. The reflectors  60  are fixed to the cross-members  26  via metal screw-type fasteners or any other fastening means known. The reflectors may also contact portions of the socket housings  30 , the wire way  20 , and the side flanges  70 . These points of contact may further lend support to the reflectors  60  and may further provide structural rigidity to the entire fixture  100 . 
     Although the inventions are described with reference to preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications are well within the scope of the invention. From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that an embodiment of the present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to any specifically discussed application and that the embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. From the description of the exemplary embodiments, equivalents of the elements shown therein will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and ways of constructing other embodiments of the present invention will suggest themselves to practitioners of the art. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited herein. 
     Although the disclosed embodiments are described in detail in the present disclosure, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from their spirit and scope.