Patent Publication Number: US-2023152083-A1

Title: Measuring device, exposure device, and measurement method

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a measuring device, an exposure device, and a measurement method. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In an exposure technology of exposing a light and dark pattern on a photosensitive substrate, a position of an existing pattern previously formed on the photosensitive substrate prior to exposure of the light and dark pattern is measured, the position is matched to the existing pattern, and the light and dark pattern is exposed on the photosensitive substrate. For a measurement of a position of an existing pattern, a method of measuring the position of the existing pattern by imaging an image of an alignment mark in the existing pattern with a position measurement optical system is used (see Patent Literature 1). 
     Citation List 
     Patent Literature 
     [Patent Literature 1] 
     U.S. Pat. No. 10120294 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Solution to Problem 
      According to a first aspect, a measuring device includes an illumination system configured to radiate light to a measuring target object located on an object plane; an image formation system configured to form a conjugate plane optically conjugated with the object plane; a diffracted light restricting part configured to restrict at least some of a plurality of rays of diffracted light from the measuring target object and to pass first diffracted light and second diffracted light different from the first diffracted light among the plurality of rays of diffracted light; and an imaging part disposed on the conjugate plane and configured to image a periodic light and dark pattern formed by the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light. 
     According to a second aspect, a measuring device includes an illumination system configured to radiate light with a plurality of wavelengths to a measuring target object located on an object plane; an image formation system configured to form a conjugate plane optically conjugated with the object plane; a diffracted light passing part configured to pass first diffracted light and second diffracted light different from the first diffracted light among a plurality of rays of diffracted light from the measuring target object; and an imaging part disposed on the conjugate plane and configured to image a light and dark pattern formed by the light with the plurality of wavelengths passed through the diffracted light passing part. 
     According to a third aspect, an exposure device includes the measuring device of the first or second aspect; and an exposure optical system configured to radiate exposure light to a substance including the measuring target object. 
     According to a fourth aspect, an exposure device using the measuring device according to the first or second aspect measures a position of a mark having a periodic structure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a view schematically showing a configuration of a measuring device of a first embodiment. 
         FIG.  2 ( a )  and  FIG.  2 ( b )  are views showing an example of a position measurement mark appropriate for the measuring device of the first embodiment.  FIG.  2 ( c )  is a view showing an image of a mark of  FIG.  2 ( a )  which is formed on an imaging surface of an imaging part of a measuring device. 
         FIG.  3    is a view showing another example of the position measurement mark appropriate for the measuring device of the first embodiment. 
         FIG.  4 ( a )  is a view showing an example of an illumination opening changing part in an illumination system.  FIG.  4 ( b )  is a view showing an example of a diffracted light restricting part. 
         FIG.  5    is a view showing a light source. 
         FIG.  6 ( a )  is a view showing an example of a size of a transmission opening provided in an illumination opening changing part.  FIG.  6 ( b )  is a view showing an example of a size of a selection opening provided in a diffracted light restricting part. 
         FIG.  7 ( a )  is a view showing an example of an illumination opening diaphragm of Variant 1 of the measuring device.  FIG.  7 ( b )  is a view showing an example of a diffracted light limiting diaphragm of Variant 1 of the measuring device. 
         FIG.  8    is a view schematically showing a part of a configuration of Variant 2 of the measuring device. 
         FIG.  9    is a view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure device of a second embodiment. 
         FIG.  10    is a view showing an example of a position measurement mark according to the variant. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     In the specification, “optically conjugate” means that one plane and another plane form an image formation relation via an optical system. 
     An X direction, a Y direction and a Z direction shown with arrows in each drawing referred to below are directions perpendicular to each other, and each of the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction indicates the same direction in each drawing. 
     Hereinafter, the directions shown by the arrows are referred to as a +X direction, a +Y direction and a +Z direction. 
     In addition, a position in the X direction is referred to as an X position, a position in the Y direction is referred to as a Y position, and a position in the Z direction is referred to as a Z position. 
     Measuring Device of First Embodiment 
       FIG.  1    is a view schematically showing a configuration of a measuring device  1  of a first embodiment. A measuring target object W is placed on a sampling stage  70  such that a surface WS, which is a surface on a +Z side of the measuring target object W such as a silicon wafer or the like serving as a measurement object, approximately coincides with an object plane OP of an image formation system  10 . The sampling stage  70  is supported by a guide  71  movably in the X direction and the Y direction, the measuring target object W is also movable in the X direction and the Y direction, and the X position and the Y position of the measuring target object W are measured by an encoder  61  via a position of a scale board  72  provided on the sampling stage  70  and transmitted to a control part  60  as a position signal S 2 . 
     The image formation system  10  has an objective lens  11 , a first relay lens  12 , a second relay lens  13 , and a third relay lens  14 , and a conjugate plane CP optically conjugated with respect to the object plane OP is formed. An imaging part  19  such as a CMOS image sensor or the like is disposed on the conjugate plane CP such that an imaging surface  19   s  of the imaging part  19  coincides with the conjugate plane CP, 
     A measurement mark WM that is a target for position measurement is formed on the surface WS of the measuring target object W, and the image formation system  10  forms an image of the measuring target object W including the measurement mark WM on the imaging surface  19   s  of the imaging part  19 . 
     The image formation system  10  has an intermediate image formation surface MP, on which an intermediate image of the measuring target object W is formed, between the first relay lens  12  and the second relay lens  13 , i.e., also between the object plane OP. on which the measuring target object W is disposed, and the conjugate plane CP. An index board  15  formed of a transparent substrate is provided on the intermediate image formation surface MP, and a position index  16  is provided on a part of the index board  15 . 
     The position index  16  has, as an example, light shielding films having a rectangular shape, which are periodically disposed on the index board  15 . With respect to a center of an optical path of the image formation system  10 , the position index  16  in which the light shielding films are periodically disposed in the X direction on both sides in the X direction is disposed, and the position index  16  in which the light shielding films are periodically disposed in the Y direction on both sides in the Y direction is provided. 
     The position index  16  is illuminated with light from an index illumination system (not shown) provided in the image formation system  10 , and an image of the position index  16  is formed on the conjugate plane CP by the second relay lens  13  and the third relay lens  14 . The imaging part  19  also images an image of the position index  16  together with the image of the measurement mark WM formed on the conjugate plane CP. 
     An illumination system  20  includes relay lenses  21 ,  22  and  24 , an illumination opening changing part  40 , a mirror  23 , a divergence mirror  25 , and the objective lens  11 , and illumination light IL supplied from a light source part  50  is radiated to the surface WS of the measuring target object W which is disposed on the object plane OP and which includes the measurement mark WM. Among these, the objective lens  11  is included in both of the image formation system  10  and the illumination system  20 . 
     The illumination light IL supplied from the light source part  50  passes through the relay lens  21  that constitutes the illumination system  20 , and a numerical aperture thereof is defined by an illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  included in the illumination opening changing part  40 . The illumination opening changing part  40  will be described below in detail. 
     The illumination light IL passing through the illumination opening changing part  40  reaches the divergence mirror  25  after passing the relay lens  21 , the mirror  23  and the relay lens  24 , 
     The divergence mirror  25  is, for example, a mirror that reflects light in a part of its plane and transmits light in another part, and for example, a mirror in which a reflection film is formed on a part of a transparent plate. 
     The illumination light passing through the relay lens  24  is reflected by the divergence mirror  25 , and passes through the objective lens  11  to be radiated to the measuring target object W including the measurement mark WM, 
     Further, in  FIG.  1   , while each lens such as the objective lens  11  or the like is shown as being constituted by a sheet of lens, each lens may be constituted by a plurality of lenses. 
       FIG.  2 ( a )  is a view showing in a +Z direction an example of the measurement mark WM appropriate for measurement at a position in the X direction, which is formed on the surface WS of the measuring target object W,  FIG.  2 ( b )  is a cross-sectional view showing the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  in a - Y direction. 
     Further, an example of a measurement mark appropriate for measurement at a position in the Y direction is provided by rotating the measurement mark WM 90° in an XY plane. 
     The measurement mark WM is, for example, a mark on which concave sections MB and convex sections MT having a step difference are alternately periodically formed on the surface WS of the measuring target object W in the X direction. One concave section MB has a rectangular shape elongated in the Y direction, each side of which is parallel to the X direction or the Y direction, and the plurality of concave sections MB are periodically formed at a period PX in the X direction. For this reason, the measurement mark WM functions as a reflective type diffraction grating having a periodic structure in the X direction. Further, the number of the concave sections MB periodically disposed in the X direction may be an arbitrary number of two or more. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2 ( b ) , the surface WS of the measuring target object W including the measurement mark W M is covered with a film RS containing photoresist or the like and having translucency or half translucency. 
     A width of the concave section MB and the convex section MT in the X direction is, for example, about 1 to 3 µm, and the period PX of the arrangement in the X direction is, for example, about 2 to 4 µm. 
     The measurement mark WM is formed at a predetermined position on the measuring target object W in terms of design. However, since the measuring target object W such as a silicon wafer or the like is isotropically or anisotropically deformed by a semiconductor process or the like, the actual position of the measurement mark WM is different from the design position. 
     In position measurement, first, the control part  60  transmits a control signal S 3  on the basis of the position signal S 2  from the encoder  61  to move the sampling stage  70 , and causes the design position of the measurement mark WM to coincide with a measurement reference position of the image formation system  10 . 
     Accordingly, the illumination light IL is radiated to the measuring target object W, and as shown in  FIG.  1   , a plurality of rays of diffracted light such as +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1 , -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1 , +2 nd  order diffracted light D p   2 , -2 nd  order diffracted light D m   2 , and the like, from the measurement mark WM are generated by a periodic structure of the measurement mark WM in the X direction. The generated diffracted light enters the objective lens  11  and is guided to the divergence mirror  25 . 
     Then, the plurality of rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D m   1 , D p   1 , D p   2 ) pass through the divergence mirror  25 , and reach a diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  provided on a so-called pupil surface in the image formation system  10  or the vicinity thereof. Accordingly, diffracted light of different orders generated at different diffraction angles from the measurement mark WM disposed on the object plane OP is condensed at different positions on the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a . Further, in the example shown in  FIG.  1   , 0 order diffracted light that is regular reflection light from the measurement mark WM does not reach the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  because it is blocked by the divergence mirror  25 . 
     In the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a , a selection opening  35   a  is provided at a position where diffracted light of a predetermined order is condensed in an attenuation region where light is attenuated, the diffracted light of the predetermined order passes therethrough, and diffracted light of another order is attenuated. Here, the diffracted light of the other order may be blocked. In addition, light transmissivity (light transmittance) of the selection opening  35   a  may not be 100%. The light transmissivity of the selection opening  35   a  is higher than light transmittance of the attenuation region. In a state shown in  FIG.  1   , the selection opening  35   a  selectively passes +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  in the X direction, and blocks diffracted light of other orders (+1 st  order diffracted light D p   2 , -2 nd  order diffracted light D m   2 , and the like). A diffracted light restricting part  30  including the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  will be described below in detail. 
     The +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1   selectively passed by the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  are condensed by the first relay lens  12 , and an intermediate image of the measurement mark WM is formed as an interference fringe in the vicinity of the index board  15  disposed on the intermediate image formation surface MP. Then, the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  are condensed by the second relay lens  13  and the third relay lens  14 , and an image of the measurement mark WM is formed as an interference fringe on an imaging surface of the imaging part  19 . 
       FIG.  2 ( c )  is a view showing an example of an intensity distribution of an image IM of the measurement mark WM formed on the imaging surface  19   s . A lateral axis of a graph of the intensity distribution shown in  FIG.  2 ( c )  shows a position on the imaging surface  19   s  in the X direction, and a vertical axis shows intensity of the image IM. 
     In addition, intensity distributions of images IIL. and IIR of the position index  16  on the index board  15  are shown on a -X side and a +X side of the image IM of the measurement mark WM. 
     The image IM of the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( c )  is obtained by enlarging the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  and  FIG.  2 ( b )  by an image formation magnification (lateral magnification) of the image formation system  10  in the X direction. However, hereinafter, for the purpose of easy understanding, it will be explained assuming that the image formation system  10  has a lateral magnification of  1 . 
     Further, note that the scale of  FIG.  2 ( c )  in the X direction does not coincide with the scale of  FIG.  2 ( a )  and  FIG.  2 ( b )  in the X direction. 
     The image IM of the measurement mark WM is an interference fringe formed by the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  from the measurement mark WM interfering with each other. Accordingly, a periodic light and dark pattern is formed in the X direction over one period or longer, and a light and dark period in the X direction is ½ of the period PX of the measurement mark WM in the X direction. Further, the light and dark pattern may be referred to as a light and dark image. 
     The imaging part  19  images the image IM over an imaging range DA of one light and dark period or longer of the image IM of the measurement mark WM in the X direction, and transmits an imaging signal S1 to the control part  60 . A range in the X direction of the imaging range DA may be an integer times of ½ of the period PX, i.e., n×PX/2 (n is a natural number). 
     The imaging part  19  or the control part  60  may integrate the imaging signal S1 of the image IM in the imaging range DA in the Y direction. In addition, as described below, when a position of the measurement mark WM or the like in the Y direction is measured, the imaging part  19  or the control part  60  may integrate the imaging signal S1 of the image IM in the X direction in the imaging range DA. 
     A width in the X direction and a width in the Y direction of the imaging range DA may be variably set by the imaging part  19  or the control part  60 . By changing the width in the X direction and the width in the Y direction of the imaging range DA. various types of the measurement marks WM, WMa and WMh can be measured, and it is possible to reduce a bad influence due to a circuit pattern or the like disposed around the measurement marks WM. WMa and WMb. 
     Similarly, the imaging part  19  also images the images IIL and IIR of the position index  16 , and transmits the imaging signal S1 to the control part  60 . 
     The control part  60  measures an actual position of the measurement mark WM on the basis of the transmitted imaging signal S1. 
     As described above, the measurement mark WM for measurement is disposed such that a design position thereof coincides with a measurement reference position of the image formation system  10 . Accordingly, the actual position of the measurement mark WM can be measured by measuring the positional shift amount from the measurement reference position of the image formation system  10  of the measurement mark WM and by adding the positional shift amount to the design position of the measurement mark WM. 
     The measurement reference position of the image formation system  10  is, for example, a position where an image such as the measurement mark WM or the like disposed at the measurement reference position is formed in the middle of the images IIL and HR of the two position indices  16  in the imaging surface  19   s . 
     The control part  60  determines, on the basis of, for example, a phase of a light and dark change in the X direction of the images IIL and IIR of the two position indices  16 , positions of the images IIL and IIR in the X direction and determines measurement reference positions of the image formation system  10  in the X direction, which are intermediate positions of the images IIL and IIR. 
     The control part  60  determines a position of the image IM in the X direction and calculates a positional shift amount from a measurement reference position of the image formation system  10  in the X direction, on the basis of, for example, a phase of a light and dark change in the X direction of the image IM of the measurement mark WM. Then, an actual X position of the measurement mark WM is calculated (measured) by adding the positional shift amount to the designed X position of the measurement mark WM, which is already known. 
     While the measurement of the X position of the measurement mark WM has been described above, measurement of the Y position can also be performed similarly. In measurement of the Y position, as described above, the measurement mark WM obtained by rotating the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  90° in the XY plane on the measuring target object W is measured. In this case, a periodic light and dark changing image in the Y direction is formed on the imaging surface  19   s , and the control part  60  calculates (measures) an actual Y position of the measurement mark WM. on the basis of a positional relation between the formed periodic light and dark changing image and an image of the position index  16 , and the designed Y position of the measurement mark WM. 
     Further, as described above, when performing the position measurement of the measurement mark WM, the design position of the measurement mark WM is matched with the measurement reference position of the image formation system  10 , however, the design position of the measurement mark WM may not completely coincide with the measurement reference position of the image formation system  10 . In this case, the control part  60  may measure the positional shift amount from the measurement reference position of the image formation system  10  at the design position of the measurement mark WM during measurement by using the position signal S2 from the encoder  61 , and calculate (measure) an actual position of the measurement mark WM by further adding the positional shift amount. 
       FIG.  3    is a view showing another example of the measurement mark WM. 
     The measurement mark WMa shown in  FIG.  3 ( a )  is distinguished from the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  in that several concave sections MB in the vicinity of the center in the X direction is rotated by 90° in the XY plane. A -X side end portion LX and a +X side end portion RX of the measurement mark WMa have the concave section MBa and the convex section MTa extending in the X direction appropriate for position measurement in the X direction. Meanwhile, a central portion CY of the measurement mark WMa in the X direction has the concave section MBb and the convex section MTb extending in the Y direction appropriate for position measurement in the Y direction. 
     Accordingly, the measuring device  1  can perform the measurement of the position in the X direction and the measurement of the position in the Y direction of the measurement mark WMa together. 
     Further, a period PY of disposition of the concave section MBb and the convex section MTb of the central portion CY in the Y direction may be the same as or different from the period PX of the concave section MBa and the convex section MTa of the -X side end portion LX and the +X side end portion RX in the X direction. 
     The number of the concave sections MBa included in the central portion CY and the number of the concave sections MB included in the -X side end portion LX and the +X side end portion RX may be an arbitrary number such as two or more. 
     The measurement mark WMb shown in  FIG.  3 ( b )  is a mark including the concave section MBc formed in a two-dimensional lattice shape and the convex section MTc surrounded thereby. Since the two-dimensional lattice which the concave section MBc forms includes both the periodicity in the X direction in the periodicity in the Y direction, the measuring device  1  can perform both the measurement of the position in the X direction and the measurement of the position in the Y direction of the measurement mark WMb. 
     Further, in each of the above-mentioned measurement marks WM. WMa and WMb, one of the concave sections MB, MBa and MBb may be subdivided, for example, in a direction to be measured. 
       FIG.  3 ( c )  is a view showing an example of one of the subdivided concave sections MB. The one concave section MB shown in  FIG.  3 ( c )  is constituted by a plurality of micro concave sections MBSB and a plurality of micro convex sections MBST. which are subdivided in the X direction. 
     When the concave section MBa appropriate for measurement in the Y direction is subdivided, the inside thereof may be subdivided in the Y direction. 
     When the concave section MBb appropriate for the measurement in both the X direction and the Y direction is subdivided, the inside may be subdivided in the X direction, may be subdivided in the Y direction, or may be two -dimensionally subdivided in the X direction and the Y direction. 
     In these cases, a width of the one micro concave section MBb in the X direction (or the Y direction) is, for example, about 0.05 to 0.3 µm, and a period of disposition of a plurality of micro concave sections MBB that constitute the concave section MB in the X direction (or the Y direction) is about 0.1 to 0.5 µm. 
     Further, instead of one concave section MB, one of the convex sections MT. MTa and MTb may be a mark subdivided as described above. 
     Further, the measurement marks WM, WMa and WMb are not limited to the shape with the above-mentioned step difference, and may be marks having a difference in amplitude reflection coefficient between the concave sections MB, MBa and MBb and the convex sections MT, MTa and MTb. 
     In the measuring device  1  of the first embodiment, upon measurement of positions of the various the measurement marks WM, WMa and WMb (hereinafter, generally and simply referred to as “the measurement mark WM”) as described above, the image by the diffracted light appropriate for each measurement is imaged to perform position measurement. 
     For this reason, the measuring device  1  of the first embodiment includes the diffracted light restricting part  30  configured to attenuate at least some of the plurality of rays of diffracted light generated from the measurement mark WM. and configured to cause a first diffracted light (for example, the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1 ) and a second diffracted light (for example, the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1 ) different from the first diffracted light to pass therethrough. 
     Hereinafter, the diffracted light restricting part  30  and the illumination opening changing part  40  included in the illumination system  20  will be described with reference to  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  4   . 
       FIG.  4 ( b )  is a view showing the diffracted light restricting part  30  in the +Z direction. As shown in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  4 ( b ) , the diffracted light restricting part  30  has diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d , an image formation diaphragm holding part  32 , and a selection switching part  33 . The image formation diaphragm holding part  32  is held by the selection switching part  33  to be rotatable about a rotation center CL 2  as a center. 
     For example, the image formation diaphragm holding part  32  holds the four diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d , and inserts one of them into an image formation optical path  10 P of the image formation system  10 . 
     Selection openings  35   a  to  35   d  having different shapes are formed in the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d . The diffracted light restricting part  30  can select diffracted light passing through the selection openings  35   a  to  35   d  by inserting any one of the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  into the image formation optical path  10 P. 
       FIG.  4 ( a )  is a view showing the illumination opening changing part  40  in the +Z direction. As shown in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  4 ( a ) , the illumination opening changing part  40  has illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d , an illumination diaphragm holding part  42 , and an illumination switching part  43 . The illumination diaphragm holding part  42  is held by the illumination switching part  43  to be rotatable about a rotation center CL 1  as a center. 
     For example, the illumination diaphragm holding part  42  holds the four illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d , and one of them is inserted into an illumination optical path  20 P of the illumination system  20 . 
     Transmission openings  45   a  to  45   d  having different shapes are provided in the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d . The illumination opening changing pan  40  can select an illumination condition such as a numerical aperture of illumination light passing through the transmission openings  45   a  to  45   d  and radiated to the measuring target object W by inserting any one of the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d  into the illumination optical path  20 P. 
     Further, the numerical aperture of the illumination light is a sine (sin) of a half angle of an incidence angle range of the illumination light radiated to the measuring target object W. A value obtained by dividing the numerical aperture of the illumination light by a numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens  11  is a value generally referred to as a coherence factor. 
     Further, the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d  are disposed on the so-called pupil surface or the vicinity thereof by lenses  22  and  24 , the objective lens  11 , and the like, with respect to the object plane OP. Accordingly, the illumination light passing through each of the transmission openings  45   a  to  45   d  in the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d  enters the measurement mark WM disposed on the object plane OP at an incidence angle corresponding to positions of the transmission openings  45   a  to  45   d . 
     In addition, as described above, the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  are provided on the so-called pupil surface or the vicinity thereof in the image formation system  10 . Accordingly, the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d   inserted into the illumination optical path  20 P and the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  inserted into the image formation optical path  10 P have an image formation relation via the lenses  22  and  24 , the objective lens  11 , and the measuring target object W as reflection surfaces disposed on the object plane OP. 
     Further, a positional relation between the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  and the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d  in the X direction and the Y direction is inverted by an image formation action of the lenses  22  and  24  in the illumination system  20 . Here, for easy understanding of the image formation relation between the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  and the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d , the X direction and the Y direction of  FIG.  4 ( a )  are shown inverted (i.e.. rotated by 180°) with respect to  FIG.  4 ( b ) . 
     For example, when the measurement mark WM having periodicity in the X direction shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  is measured, the illumination opening changing part  40  inserts the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  into the illumination optical path  20 P, and the diffracted light restricting part  30  inserts the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  into the image formation optical path  10 P. This state is a state shown in  FIG.  4 ( a )  and  FIG.  4 ( b ) , a center  41   ac  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  is disposed to coincide with a center of the illumination optical path  20 P, and a center  31   ac  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  is disposed to coincide with a center of the image formation optical path  10 P. 
     A transmission opening  45   a  provided in the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  has a small width in the X direction, and a width in the Y direction is greater than the width in the X direction. Accordingly, the illumination light IL radiated to the measurement mark WM enters within a narrow incidence angle range in the X direction, and enters within a wide incidence angle range in the Y direction. 
     For example, a range of the incidence angle in the X direction to the measurement mark WM of the illumination light IL passing through the transmission opening  45   a  is 0 or more and ⅓ or less as the above-mentioned coherence factor. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , the plurality of rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D m   1 , D p   1 , D p   2 ) are generated from the measurement mark WM by radiation of the illumination light IL. The selection opening  35   a  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  of the diffracted light restricting part  30  passes the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  among them, and blocks the other rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D p   2 , and the like). Accordingly, only the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  appropriate for detection of the measurement mark WM in the X direction reach the imaging surface  19   s  of the imaging part  19 , and forms the image IM of the measurement mark WM. 
     Further, a distance of the two selection openings  35   a  from the center  31   ac  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  in the X direction is set to become a position where the selection opening  35   a  passes the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  from the measurement mark WM. In addition, a width of each of the two selection openings  35   a  in the X direction is set to a width through which the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  from the measurement mark WM can pass. 
      The above-mentioned relation with respect to the position and width from the center  31   ac  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  of the selection opening  35   a  is the same as that of the distance and width from the centers  31   bc  to  31   dc  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   b  to  31   d  of the other selection openings  35   b  to  35   d . 
     In addition, according to the width of the transmission opening  45   a  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  in the X direction, the diffracted light of each order is distributed in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  in the X direction. Accordingly, the width of the transmission opening  45   a  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  in the X direction may be set to a width such that the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  can be separated from the rays of diffracted light of the other orders. 
     Further, in the measuring device in the related an, the position of the measurement mark is measured on the basis of the image including not only the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  but also the rays of diffracted light of the other orders. Then, since the diffracted light of each order passes through different positions in the image formation system, different amounts of wave aberrations are received from the image formation system. In this case, for example, when a shape of the measurement mark WM fluctuates and a ratio of the intensity of the diffracted light of each order also fluctuates, the image IM of the measurement mark WM is deformed or displaced due to an influence of the wave aberration of the image formation system, and an error occurs in the position measurement result. 
     In the measuring device  1  of the first embodiment, since the image IM of the measurement mark WM is formed by selectively pass the first diffracted light (the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  or the like) and the second diffracted light (the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  or the like) among the plurality of rays of diffracted light by using the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a , it is less likely to be easily affected by the wave aberration of the image formation system  10 , and it is possible to perform accurate position measurement. 
     In addition, since the image IM of the measurement mark WM is formed by the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light, it is difficult to decrease a contrast of the image IM even when fluctuation (defocusing) at the position of the measurement mark WM in the Z direction occurs, and it is possible to measure the measurement mark WM at a deep focal depth. 
     Further, when the measurement mark WM appropriate for measurement in the Y direction obtained by rotating the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  by 90° in the XY plane is measured, an illumination opening diaphragm  41   c  is inserted into the illumination optical path  20 P such that a center  41   cc  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   c  coincides with a center of the illumination optical path  20 P. Then, a diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   c  is inserted into the image formation optical path  10 P such that a center  31   cc  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   c  coincides with a center of the image formation optical path  10 P. 
     A transmission opening  45   c  having a shape obtained by rotating the transmission opening  45   a  provided in the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  by 90° in the XY plane is provided in the illumination opening diaphragm  41   c . In addition, a selection opening  35   c  having a shape obtained by rotating the selection opening  35   a  provided in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  by 90° in the XY plane is provided in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   c . 
     Accordingly, the selection opening  35   c  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   c  passes the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  from the measurement mark WM appropriate for measurement in the Y direction, and blocks the other rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D p   2 , and the like). Accordingly, only the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  appropriate for detection of the measurement mark WM in the Y direction reaches the imaging surface  19   s  of the imaging part  19 , and form the image IM of the measurement mark WM. 
     As described above, the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  having the transmission opening  45   a  with a large width in the Y direction is used upon measurement in the X direction, and the illumination opening diaphragm  41   c  having the transmission opening  45   c  with a large width in the X direction is formed upon measurement in the Y direction. 
     However, even in any one of the measurement in the X direction and the measurement in the Y direction, instead of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  and the illumination opening diaphragm  41   c , an illumination opening diaphragm  41   b  having a transmission opening  45   b , in which both the width in the X direction and the width in the Y direction are narrow and which will be described below, may be used. 
     Further, as described above, by using the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  or the illumination opening diaphragm  41   c , the light quantity of the illumination light IL can be increased, S/N of the image IM can be improved, and improvement of measurement accuracy can be expected. 
     When the measurement mark WMa shown in  FIG.  3 ( a )  is measured, the measurement in the X direction and the measurement in the Y direction may be performed in sequence. Alternatively, in a state in which the illumination opening diaphragm  41   b  is inserted into the illumination optical path  20 P such that a center  41   bc  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   b  coincides with a center of the illumination optical path  20 P and a diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   b  is inserted into the image formation optical path  10 P such that a center  31   bc  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   b  coincides with a center of the image formation optical path  10 P. the measurements in the X direction and the Y direction may be simultaneously performed. 
     The transmission opening  45   b  with narrow widths in both the X direction and the Y direction is provided in the vicinity of the center  41   bc  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   b . Accordingly, the illumination light IL radiated to the measurement mark WMa enters at a narrow incidence angle range in the X direction and the Y direction. 
     For example, a range of the incidence angle of the illumination light IL passing through the transmission opening  45   b  to the measurement mark WM in the X direction and the Y direction is 0 or more and ⅓ or less as the above-mentioned coherence factor. 
     A selection opening  35   b  is provided in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   b  at a position separated from the center  31   bc  in the ±X direction and the ±Y direction. 
     A portion of the selection opening  35   b  separated from the center  31   bc  by the ±X direction pass the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  in the ±X direction from the -X side end portion LX and the +X side end portion RX of the measurement mark WMa due to radiation of the illumination light IL. Then, a portion of the selection opening  35   b  separated from the center  31  bc in the ±Y direction passes the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  in the ±Y direction generated from the central portion CY of the measurement mark WMa due to radiation of the illumination light IL. 
     In the diffracted light generated from the measurement mark WMa, the other diffracted light is blocked by the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   b . 
     Accordingly, by using the illumination opening diaphragm  41   b  and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   b , positions of the measurement mark WMa in the X direction and the Y direction shown in  FIG.  3 ( a )  can be accurately measured. 
     Further, when the X direction and the Y direction of the measurement mark WMa shown in  FIG.  3 ( a )  are simultaneously measured, the measurement may be performed using the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d  and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d . That is, in a state in which the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d  is inserted into the illumination optical path  20 P such that a center  41   dc  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d  coincides with a center of the illumination optical path  20 P and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d  is inserted into the image formation optical path  10 P such that a center  31   dc  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d  coincides with a center of the image formation optical path  10 P. the measurement may be performed. 
      In this case, first, in a cross-shaped transmission opening  45   d  formed in the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d , the illumination light IL passing through the vicinity of the end portion in the ±Y direction will be described. The +1 st  order diffracted light. D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  in the X direction generated by radiating the illumination light IL to the -X side end portion LX and the +X side end portion RX of the measurement mark WMa pass through any one of the four selection openings  35   d  provided in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d . Then, the diffracted light of another order in the X direction and the diffracted light in the Y direction generated by the light radiated to the central portion CY of the measurement mark WMa are blocked by the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d . 
     Next, in the cross-shaped transmission opening  45   d  formed in the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d , the illumination light IL passing through the vicinity of the end portion in the ±X direction will be described. The +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  in the Y direction generated by radiating the illumination light IL to the central portion CY of the measurement mark WMa pass through any one of the four selection openings  35   d  provided in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d . Then, the diffracted light of another order in the Y direction and the diffracted light in the Y direction generated by the light radiated to the -X side end portion LX and the +X side end portion RX of the measurement mark WMa are blocked by the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d . 
     Accordingly, even when the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d  and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d  are used, positions in the X direction and the Y direction of the measurement mark WMa shown in  FIG.  3 ( a )  will be accurately measured. 
     Even in the measurement mark WMb shown in  FIG.  3 ( b ) . as described above, by using the illumination opening diaphragm  41   b  and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   b  or using the illumination opening diaphragm  41   d  and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   d , positions in the X direction and the Y direction can be accurately measured. 
     Further, even in the measurement mark WMb shown in  FIG.  3 ( b ) , the measurement in the X direction and the measurement in the Y direction may be performed in sequence. 
     Further, hereinabove, the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  selectively pass the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  from the measurement mark, and block the diffracted light of another order. However, the diffracted light selectively passing through the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  may be, for example, the +2 nd  order diffracted light D p   2  and the -2 nd  order diffracted light D m   2  or a +3 rd  order diffracted light and a -3 rd  order diffracted light (not shown). 
     In addition, in the plurality of rays of diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d , a diaphragm configured to selectively pass the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  and a diaphragm configured to selectively pass the +2 nd  order diffracted light D p   2  and the -2 nd  order diffracted light D m   2  are provided, and these may be switched by the selection switching part  33  and inserted into the image formation optical path  10 P. 
     In addition, two rays of diffracted light passing through the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  are not limited to the pair of the rays of diffracted light with the same absolute value order, such as a +m th  order diffracted light and a -m th  order diffracted light with respect to a natural number m, and for example, may be a pair of rays of diffracted light with different orders of absolute values such as the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -2 nd  order diffracted light D m   2 . In addition, one of them may be a 0 th  order diffracted light (regular reflection light). 
     In the viewpoints of so-called telecentricity that the position measurement result of the measurement mark WM is not fluctuated even when the measuring target object W is raised or lowered in the Z direction, the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  may pass the two rays of diffracted light emitted symmetrically with respect to a surface perpendicular to the measurement direction. In other words, the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  may have each of the selection openings thereof provided line symmetry with respect to an axis passing through centers of the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  and perpendicular to the measurement direction. 
     Accordingly, as long as the illumination light IL enters substantially vertically the measuring target object W, in the viewpoints of so-called telecentricity, the pair of the rays of diffracted light with the same absolute value of order may pass therethrough to form the image on the imaging part  19 . 
     Meanwhile, when the illumination light IL enters the measuring target object W inclined at a predetermined angle from the vertical direction, for example, an angle corresponding to a half of the diffraction angle of the -1 st  order diffracted light, it is preferable From the viewpoint of telecentricity to selectively pass, for example, the 0 th  order diffracted light (regular reflection light) and the +1 st  order diffracted light. 
     Further, the illumination switching pan  43  included in the illumination opening changing part  40  may change an incidence angle of the illumination light IL to the measuring target object W by shifting positions of all the illumination diaphragm holding part  42  and the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d  in the X direction and the Y direction. 
       FIG.  5    is a view showing an example of a configuration of the light source part  50  of the measuring device  1 . The light source part  50  of the example has a first light emitting pan  51   a  configured to emit first light La with a first wavelength, and a second light emitting part  51   b  configured to emit second light Lb with a second wavelength. The first light emitting part  51   a  and the second light emitting part  51   b  may be members configured to emit light such as a laser, an LED, or the like, by itself, or may be members configured to emit light introduced from the outside of the emission end of the optical fiber. For example, the first light emitting part  51   a  may be a laser, and the second light emitting part  51   b  may be an LED. 
     The first light La and the second light Lb are mixed and separated by a polarization beam splitter  52 . An S-polarized element of the first light La is reflected by the polarization beam splitter  52 , and a P-polarized element of the second light Lb passes through the polarization beam splitter  52 , thereby forming illumination light L 1 . A P-polarized element of the first light La passes through the polarization beam splitter  52 , and an S-polarized element of the second light Lb is reflected by the polarization beam splitter  52 , thereby forming illumination light L 2 . 
     The illumination light L 1  is reflected by a mirror  53  and enters a phase modulation device  54   a . The illumination light L 2  enters a phase modulation device  54   b  as it is. 
     The phase modulation devices  54   a  and  54   b  are, for example, liquid crystal devices, and elements that function as so-called wavelength plates according to voltages applied from voltage control parts  55   a  and  55   b . That is, the device functions as a 0 wavelength plate (flat plate) when a first voltage is applied to the voltage control parts  55   a  and  55   b , and functions as a ½ wavelength plate when a second voltage is applied. 
     The illumination lights L 1  and L 2  are converted into illumination lights L 3  and L 4  by the phase modulation devices  54   a  and  54   b , respectively, by controlling polarization states thereof. 
     The illumination light L 3  passing through the phase modulation device  54   a  enters a polarization type beam splitter  57 , The illumination light L 4  passing through the phase modulation device  54   b  is reflected by a mirror  56  and enters the beam splitter  57 . Then, the illumination lights L 3  and L 4  are synthesized by the beam splitter  57 , and emitted from the light source part  50  as illumination light L 5 . 
     In the light source part  50  of the above-mentioned example, lights with a plurality of different wavelengths can be simultaneously or individually emitted, and a polarization state of the emitted illumination light L 5  can be changed by changing states of the phase modulation devices  54   a  and  54   b . 
     In the case in which the first light emitting part  51   a  is a laser, when the above-mentioned diffracted light limiting diaphragm is used, the measurement mark WM may be irradiated with the first illumination light L 1 . Even when etendue of an image formation light flux is reduced by the diffracted light limiting diaphragm, since brightness of the image formation light flux is high, a sufficient light quantity can be secured in the imaging surface  19   s . Meanwhile, when the measurement mark WM is irradiated with the second illumination light L 2  using the second light emitting part  51   b  as the LED, the above-mentioned diffracted light limiting diaphragm may not be used. In this case, an image formation NA may be about 0.5 while an illumination NA is about 0.4. 
     Further, the light source part  50  of the measuring device  1  is not limited to the above-mentioned light source shown in  FIG.  5   , and any light source may be used as long as it is a light source having one or a plurality of light emitting parts, and a synthesizing part configured to synthesize lights emitted from the light emitting parts according to necessity. 
     The light source part  50  may be configured to emit three or more lights with different wavelengths. 
     When the light source part  50  configured to emit lights with a plurality of wavelengths is used, diffraction angles of rays of diffracted light of each order from the measurement mark WM become angles different at each wavelength of the illumination light IL. Accordingly, positions of the rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D m   1 , D p   1 , D p   2 , and the like) of each order on the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  are different at each wavelength of the illumination light IL. For this reason, in order to selectively pass a predetermined order of diffracted light of the light with a plurality of wavelengths through the selection openings  35   a  to  35   d , the widths of the selection openings  35   a  to  35   d  in the measurement direction need to be expanded according to wavelength widths of the plurality of used wavelengths. 
       FIG.  6 ( a )  is a view showing an example of a size of the transmission opening  45   a  provided in the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  when the light source part  50  configured to emit lights with a plurality of wavelengths is used, and  FIG.  6 ( b )  is a view showing an example of a size of the selection opening  35   a  provided in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a . 
     Here, the light source part  50  is configured to emit light with a wavelength from a minimum wavelength where a wavelength is λ1 to a maximum wavelength where a wavelength is λ2, and measure the measurement mark WM having the period PX in the X direction shown in  FIG.  2 ( a ) . 
     Further, the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  is provided on the pupil surface of the illumination system  20  and the vicinity thereof, and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  is provided on the pupil surface of the image formation system  10  and the vicinity thereof. Here, in  FIG.  6 ( a )  and  FIG.  6 ( b ) , XY coordinates in the drawings will be described as corresponding to a sine of an incidence angle of the illumination light IL to the measuring target object W or a sine of an emission angle of the diffracted light (D m   2 , D m   1 , D p   1 , D p   2 . or the like) from the measuring target object W. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 ( a ) , a half width of the transmission opening  45   a  in the X direction is set to iNA, and the entire width of the transmission opening  45   a  in the X direction is set to 2xiNA. Further, a center position of the transmission opening  45   a  in the X direction coincides with the center  41   ac  of the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a . 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 ( b ) , the selection opening  35   a  is disposed in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  at a position separated from the center  31   ac  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  in the X direction by DX in each of the +X direction and the -X direction. Here, a value of the DX is (λ1+λ2)/(2×PX), and corresponds to a sine of the diffraction angles of the ±1 st  order rays of diffracted light generated when the light with a substantially intermediate wavelength between the above mentioned minimum wavelength (λ1) and the maximum wavelength (λ2) is radiated to the measurement mark WM having the period PX. 
     Then, a width of each of the selection opening  35   a  in the X direction is referred to as SX, and the SX may be provided to satisfy Equation (1). 
     
       
         
           
             SX 
             &lt; 
             
               
                 
                   
                     3 
                     × 
                     λ 
                     1 
                     - 
                     λ 
                     2 
                   
                 
               
               / 
               
                 PX-2 
                 × 
                 iNA 
               
             
           
         
       
     
      Accordingly, the selection opening  35   a  can pass the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  of the illumination light IL from the minimum wavelength (λ1) to the maximum wavelength (λ2), and can introduce the lights into the imaging part  19 . Meanwhile, the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  blocks another order of diffracted light (D m   2 , D p   2 , or the like). 
     Further, even in the case, the selection opening  35   a  may selectively pass two rays of diffracted light of the other orders such as a +m th  order diffracted light and a -m th  order diffracted light, and the like, instead of selectively passing the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1 . In this case, the SX may satisfy a condition of Equation (2), instead of Equation (1). 
     
       
         
           
             SX 
             &lt; 
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         m+2 
                       
                     
                     × 
                     λ 
                     1 
                     − 
                     m 
                     × 
                     λ 
                     2 
                   
                 
               
               / 
               
                 PX-2 
                 × 
                 iNA 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Further, when the minimum wavelength (λ1) and the maximum wavelength (λ2) are greatly different from each other, in the above-mentioned method, it is difficult for the selection opening  35   a  to selectively pass only the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1 . 
     However, according to the range of about λ1 &lt; λ2 ≤ 2×λ1, it is possible for the selection opening  35   a  expanded in the X direction to selectively pass only the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1 . 
     Further, for example, when the shape of the measurement mark WM is set such that intensity in diffracted light of an even number order is sufficiently smaller than diffracted light of an odd number order, it is possible for the selection opening  35   a  expanded in the X direction to selectively pass rays of diffracted light of desired two orders within a range of about λ1 &lt; λ2 ≤ 3×λ1. 
     Further, when the measurement in the Y direction is performed, the illumination opening diaphragm  41   a  and the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   a  shown in  FIG.  6 ( a ) and  FIG.  6 ( b )  may be used after being rotated by 90° in the XY plane. 
     Further, in the above-mentioned example, the diffracted light restricting part  30  includes the plurality of rays of diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  having the selection openings  35   a  to  35   d  with different shapes, and the selection switching part  33  selects them and inserts them into the image formation optical path  10 P. However, the configuration of the diffracted light restricting part  30  is not limited thereto, and for example, a configuration having a plurality of movable blades and configured to change a position and a form of a selection opening as the selection switching part  33  moves a position of each movable blade may be provided. 
     Similar to the illumination opening changing part  40 , for example, a configuration having a plurality of movable blades and configured to change a position and a form of a transmission opening as the illumination switching part  43  moves a position of each movable blade may be provided. 
     In addition, instead of blocking some of the illumination light IL using the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d , an optical member configured to condense the illumination light IL at positions corresponding to the transmission openings  45   a  to  45   d  may be used. 
     Further, the illumination opening changing part  40  may also be referred to as a diffracted light passing part. 
     Further, hereinabove, the image formation system  10  has the intermediate image formation surface MP, and the index board  15  is disposed on the intermediate image formation surface MP. However, when mechanical rigidity or temperature stability of the image formation system  10  is good, for example, since a predetermined imaging pixel of the imaging part  19  can be used as a measurement reference position of the image formation system  10 , the index board  15  may not be necessarily disposed. Accordingly, the intermediate image formation surface MP for disposition of the index board  15  may be not formed. 
     Further, by disposing the index board  15 , on which the position index  16  is provided, on the intermediate image formation surface MP, even when mechanical or thermal deformation occurs in the image formation system  10 , there is an effect capable of measuring the position of the measurement mark WM accurately. 
     Effects of Measuring Device of First Embodiment 
     (1) The measuring device of the above-mentioned first embodiment includes the illumination system  20  configured to radiate light (the illumination light IL) to the measuring target object W located on the object plane OP. the image formation systems  10 ,  10   a  and  10   b  configured to form the conjugate plane CP optically conjugated with the object plane OP, the diffracted light restricting part  30  configured to restrict at least some of the plurality of rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D m   1 , D p   1 , D p   2 , and the like) from the measuring target object W and to pass the first diffracted light (the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  or the like) of the plurality of rays of diffracted light and the second diffracted light (the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  or the like) different from the first diffracted light, and the imaging part  19  disposed on the conjugate plane CP and configured to image a periodical light and dark pattern (the image IM) formed by the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light. 
     According to the above-mentioned configuration, the image formation systems  10 ,  10   a  and  10   b  are less affected by the wave aberration, and accurate position measurement can be performed. 
     Variant 1 of Measuring Device 
     In Variant  1  of the measuring device, together with using the light source part  50  that emits lights with a plurality of wavelength, instead of at least some of the diffracted light limiting diaphragms  31   a  to  31   d  shown in  FIG.  4 ( b ) , a diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  shown in  FIG.  7 ( b )  is used. In addition, instead of at least some of the illumination opening diaphragms  41   a  to  41   d  shown in  FIG.  4 ( a ) , an illumination opening diaphragm  41   e  shown in  FIG.  7 ( a )  is used. 
     Even in Variant 1 of the measuring device, since the configuration except the diffracted light limiting diaphragm e and the illumination opening diaphragm  41   e  is the same as the measuring device  1  of the above-mentioned first embodiment, description of the same configuration will be omitted. 
     In the illumination opening diaphragm  41   e  shown in  FIG.  7 ( a ) , a transmission opening  45   f  in the vicinity of a center  45   ce , a transmission opening  45   e  at a position separated from the center  45   ec  in the -Y direction, and a transmission opening  45   g  at a position separated from the center  45   ec  in the +Y direction are provided. 
     The transmission opening  45   f  passes light with a first wavelength in the light include in the illumination light IL. The transmission opening  45   e  passes light with a second wavelength smaller than the first wavelength of the light included in the illumination light IL. Then, the transmission opening  45   g  passes light with a third wavelength greater than the first wavelength of the light included in the illumination light IL. 
     The illumination light IL passing through any one of the transmission openings  45   e ,  45   f  and  45   g  is guided to the lenses  22  and  24 , the mirror  23 , and the divergence mirror  25 , and radiated to the measurement mark WM. The light with the first wavelength passing through the transmission opening  45   f  enters the measurement mark WM from substantially vertically above. The light with the second wavelength passing through the transmission opening  45   e  enters the measurement mark WM from a direction inclined in the Y direction with respect to a vertical direction according to an image formation action of the lenses  22  and  24 . In addition, the light with the second wavelength passing through the transmission opening  45   g  enters the measurement mark WM from a direction inclined in the +Y direction with respect to the vertical direction. 
     An emission angle of the diffracted light generated from the measurement mark WM is shifted according to the wavelength by shifting incidence angles of the plurality of illumination lights IL having, different wavelengths to the measurement mark W.M in the Y direction. Accordingly, the position where the diffracted light of each order in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  is condensed can be shifted for each wavelength in the Y direction. 
     Here, in the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  shown in  FIG.  7 ( b ) , selection openings  35   e ,  35   f  and  35   g  disposed to form a pair in the X direction are provided at different positions in the Y direction. An interval between the two selection openings  35   e  in the X direction is smaller than an interval between the two selection openings  35   f  in the X direction, and an interval between the two selection openings  35   g  in the X direction is greater than an interval between the two selection openings  35   f  in the X direction. 
     When the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  is measured, the illumination light IL with the first wavelength passing through the transmission opening  45   f  enters the measurement mark WM substantially vertically, and the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  pass through the selection opening  35   f  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  to reach the imaging part  19 . 
     The illumination light IL with the second wavelength passing through the transmission opening  45   e  enters the measurement mark WM from the direction inclined in the -Y direction, and the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1  st order diffracted light D m   1  pass through the selection opening  35   e  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  and reach the imaging part  19 . 
     The illumination light IL with the third wavelength passing through the transmission opening  45   g  enters the measurement mark WM from the direction inclined in the +Y direction, and the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  pass through the selection opening  35   g  of the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  and reach the imaging part  19 . 
     Accordingly, in Variant 1 of the measuring device, the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  and the illumination opening diaphragm  41   e  can selectively pass the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  and the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  from the measurement mark WM even when the light source part  50  configured to emit the light with the plurality of wavelengths is used. Accordingly, a good image of the measurement mark WM can be formed on the imaging part  19 . The light source part  50  may simultaneously emit the light with the plurality of different wavelengths (the light with the first wavelength to the light with the third wavelength). 
     Alternatively, the wavelength of the light emitted at every predetermined time may differ. That is, the light with the first wavelength is radiated for a first duration. and the light with the second wavelength may be radiated for a second duration different from the first duration. In this case, the imaging part  19  can individually image the image of the measurement mark WM for each of the different wavelengths by performing the imaging for each of the first duration and the second duration. Accordingly, the position of the measurement mark WM is individually measured for each of the different wavelengths, statistical processing such as averaging or the like is performed on the measurement results thereof, and thus, the measurement can be more accurately performed. 
     In addition, spectroscopy may be performed in a non-measurement direction at the position of the intermediate image formation surface MP. 
     Further, when the Y position of the mark appropriate for measurement in the Y direction obtained by rotating the measurement mark WM shown in  FIG.  2 ( a )  by 90° in the XY plane is measured, the diffracted light limiting diaphragm and the illumination opening diaphragm having the shapes obtained by rotating the diffracted light limiting diaphragm  31   e  and the illumination opening diaphragm  41   e  by 90° may be used. 
     Effects of Variant 1 of Measuring Device 
     (2) Variant  1  of the above-mentioned measuring device includes the illumination system  20  configured to radiate the lights with the plurality of wavelengths to the measuring target object W located on the object plane OP, the image formation system  10  configured to form the conjugate plane CP optically conjugated with the object plane OP, the diffracted light passing part (the diffracted light restricting part  30 ) configured to pass the first diffracted light (the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1  or the like) and the second diffracted light (the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1  or the like) different from the first diffracted light among the plurality of rays of diffracted light (D m   2 , D m   1 , D p   1 , D p   2 , and the like) from the measuring target object W, and the imaging part  19  disposed on the conjugate plane CP and configured to image the light and dark pattern (the image IM) of the measuring target object W formed by the lights with the plurality of wavelengths passing through the diffracted light passing part. 
     According to the configuration, the same effect as the measuring device  1  of the above-mentioned first embodiment is provided, and an effect of performing the measurement more accurately is obtained by using the lights with the plurality of wavelengths. For example, due to a step difference of a concavo-convex portion of the measurement mark, it is effective when the image contrast of the measurement mark is good at a certain wavelength but the image contrast of the measurement mark is weak at another wavelength. 
     Variant 2 of Measuring Device 
     Hereinafter, Variant 2 of the measuring device  1  will be described. Since a configuration of Variant 2 of the measuring device  1  is almost the same as the configuration of the measuring device  1  or Variant 1 of the above-mentioned first embodiment, only a difference from the measuring device  1  or Variant 1 of the first embodiment will be described below, the same components are designated by the same reference signs, and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
       FIG.  8    is a view schematically showing a portion of the measuring device  1  of Variant 2 corresponding to the image formation system  10  after the index board  15  of the measuring device  1  of the above-mentioned first embodiment. In Variant 2, a beam splitter  17  is disposed between the second relay lens  13  and the third relay lens  14   a . Accordingly, each of rays of diffracted light such as the +1 st  order diffracted light D p   1 , the -1 st  order diffracted light D m   1 , and the like, is divided into two rays of lights by the beam splitter  17 . 
     One (D p   1   a , D m   1   a ) of the divided rays of diffracted light goes straight through the beam splitter  17 , is condensed by the third relay lens  14   a , and forms the image IM of the measurement mark WM on an imaging surface  19   as  of a first imaging part  19   a . The other (D p   1   b , D m   1   b ) of the divided rays of diffracted light is reflected by the beam splitter  17 , is condensed by the third relay lens  14   b , and forms the image IM of the measurement mark WM on an imaging surface  19   bs  of a second imaging part  19   b . 
     The optical system from the objective lens  11  (see  FIG.  1   ) to the third relay lens  14   a  via the index board  15 , the beam splitter  17 , and the like, constitute one image formation system  10   a . Similarly, the optical system from the objective lens  11  to the third relay lens  14   b  via the index board  15 . the beam splitter  17 , and the like, constitute another image formation system  10   b . That is, the measuring device  1  of Variant  2  has the plurality of image formation systems  10   a  and  10   b . 
     The imaging surface  19   as , of the first imaging part  19   a  is disposed in the vicinity of the conjugate plane CPa with respect to the object plane OP of the image formation system  10   a . The imaging surface  19   bs  of the second imaging pan  19   b  may be disposed in the vicinity of the conjugate plane CPb with respect to the object plane OP of the image formation system  10   b . 
     However, a positional shift amount of the imaging surface  19   as  with respect to the conjugate plane CPa in the Z direction is different from a positional shift amount of the imaging surface  19   bs  with respect to the conjugate plane CPb in the X direction. 
     In other words, a relative position in a direction crossing the conjugate plane CPa of the imaging surface  19   as  of the first imaging part  19   a  with respect to the conjugate plane CPa is different from a relative position in a direction crossing the conjugate plane CPb of the imaging surface  19   bs  of the second imaging part  19   b  with respect to the conjugate plane CPb. 
     Accordingly, in the measuring device  1  of Variant 2, for example, the image formed on the imaging surface  19   as  has a contrast better than the measurement mark WM disposed on the object plane OP and at a position shifted from the object plane OP in the -Z direction. Meanwhile, the image formed on the imaging surface  19   bs  has a contrast better than the measurement mark WM disposed on the object plane OP and a position shifted from the object plane OP in the +Z direction. 
     As a result, even when the measurement mark WM is disposed to be shifted from the object plane OP in the ±Z direction, a good image of the measurement mark WM is detected by any one of the plurality of image formation systems  10   a  and  10   b , and as a result, the measurement mark WM can be accurately measured. 
     Hereinabove, while the example in which the two image formation systems  10   a  and  10   b  are included has been described, three image formation systems may be provided by disposing the plurality of beam splitters  17  in series or the like. 
     In addition, a position where the beam splitter  17  configured to divide the optical path of the plurality of image formation systems  10   a  and  10   b  is disposed is not limited to between the second relay lens  13  and the third relay lens  14 . The beam splitter  17  configured to divide the optical path may be disposed, for example, closer to the objective lens  11  than the index board  15 , or may be disposed closer to the objective lens  11  than the diffracted light restricting part  30 . In these cases, the index board  15  or the diffracted light restricting part  30  may be disposed in each of the plurality of image formation systems  10   a  and  10   b . 
     Exposure Device of Second Embodiment 
       FIG.  9    is a view schematically showing an exposure device  2  of a second embodiment. The exposure device  2  of the second embodiment is an exposure device configured to expose and transfer a light and dark pattern on a photoresist (not shown) formed on a surface (a +Z side surface) of a semiconductor wafer or a substrate for a display device (hereinafter, both are referred to as “a substrate”) WF. 
     The exposure device  2  includes a part of the measuring device  1  of the first embodiment or the variant as the measuring device  1   a . The measuring device  1   a  is a part of the measuring device  1  of the first embodiment or the variant including the image formation system  10 , the illumination system  20 , the diffracted light restricting part  30 , the imaging part  19  and the light source part  50 . Further, since the configurations and functions of the control part  60 , the sampling stage  70 , the guide  71 , the scale board  72 , and the encoder  61  of the exposure device  2  are the same as the configurations and functions included in the measuring device  1  of the first embodiment or the variant, description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. 
     The measuring device  1  treats a substrate WF as the measuring target object W, and measures a position of the measurement mark WM (see  FIG.  1    and not shown in  FIG.  9   ) formed on the surface of the substrate WF. 
     The substrate WF loaded into the exposure device  2  is placed on the sampling stage  70  movable on the guide  71 , and disposed below the measuring device  1   a  according to movement of the sampling stage  70 . The control part  60  sends the control signal S3 and moves the sampling stage  70  in the XY plane, the measurement marks WM disposed at a plurality of places on the surface of the substrate WF are disposed directly under the image formation system  10  of the measuring device  1   a  in sequence, and the positions of the measurement marks WM are measured by the method described above. 
     The control part  60  creates map data related to the X position and the Y position of an existing circuit pattern on the substrate WF on the basis of the information related to a positional relation between the measurement mark WM and the existing circuit pattern, which are already known, and a position of the measurement mark WM measured by the measuring device  1   a . 
     Then, the control part  60  moves the sampling stage  70  in the XY plane such that the substrate WF is disposed below an exposure optical system  80 , and performs exposure to the photoresist (not shown) formed on the surface of the substrate WF. The exposure may be so-called step exposure or may be scan exposure. 
     The X position and the Y position of the sampling stage  70  during the exposure are measured by the encoder  61   a  held integrally with the exposure optical system  80  via a position of the scale board  72  provided on the sampling stage  70 , and transmitted to the control part  60  as the position signal S2a. The control part  60  controls the X position and the Y position of the sampling stage  70  on the basis of the position signal S2a and the above-mentioned map data. 
     In the above-mentioned exposure operation, the illumination light from an exposure light source  81  is radiated to a master copy (mask pattern) drawn on a mask  83  via an exposure illumination system  82 . As a result, the image of the master copy is projected to the photoresist (not shown) on the substrate WF via the exposure optical system  80  disposed on an exposure light path AXP. and the light and dark pattern is exposed to the photoresist. 
     When the exposure operation is the scan exposure, the exposure optical system  80  is synchronized with the mask  83  and the substrate WF and is relatively scanned during the exposure operation. For this scanning, the mask  83  is placed on a mask stage  84 , and the mask stage  84  is movable on a mask surface table  85  in the X direction. A position of the mask stage  84  is measured by an interferometer  87  via a position of a reference mirror  86 . 
     When the exposure operation is the step exposure, the sampling stage  70  is stopped during exposure of one shot, and the sampling stage  70  is moved by a predetermined distance in the X direction or the Y direction between each shot. 
     The exposure optical system  80  may be a so-called optical system for liquid immersion in which a liquid is disposed between the exposure optical system  80  and the substrate WF. Alternatively, the exposure device  2  is not limited to a device configured to perform exposure using light or ultraviolet light or may be a device configured to perform exposure using an electron beam or an X ray. 
     The exposure device  2  includes the plurality of measuring devices  1   a , and may simultaneously measure the plurality of measurement marks WM on the substrate WF. 
     Effects of Exposure Device of Second Embodiment 
     (3) The exposure device  2  of the second embodiment includes the measuring device of the above-mentioned first embodiment, Variant 1 or Variant 2, and the exposure optical system  80  configured to radiate exposure light to the substance including the measuring target object W (the substrate WF). 
     According to the configuration, the position of the measurement mark WM formed on the substrate WF can be accurately measured, and thus, the light and dark pattern can be exposed by accurately matching the position with the existing circuit pattern formed on the substrate WF. 
     Other Variants 
     In the above-mentioned description, as shown in  FIG.  2 ( b ) , the surface WS of the measuring target object W is directly covered with the film RS. However, as shown in  FIG.  10   , a configuration in which the concave section MB of the measurement mark WM of the measuring target object W is filled with a first type of medium ML 1 , above it is covered with a second type of medium ML 2  different from the first type of medium, and the film RS is formed above of the second type of medium ML 2  may be provided. Here, the film thickness of the second type of medium ML 2  may change depending on the process. The contrast of the image of the measurement mark WM formed on the imaging surface  19   s  is varied according to the change of the film thickness of the medium ML 2 . In this case, mark measurement may be performed using illumination light with a wavelength band that has a good contrast of the image of the measurement mark WM. 
     The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned contents. The other aspects considered within the range of the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the range of the present invention. The embodiment may be a combination of all or some of the above-mentioned aspects. 
     Reference Signs List 
       1 ,  1   a : measuring device,  10 ,  10   a ,  10   b : image formation system,  11 : objective lens,  15 : index board,  16 : position index,  19 : imaging part, OP: object plane, CP: conjugate plane, MP: intermediate image formation surface,  20 : illumination system,  40 : illumination opening changing part,  41   a  to  41   e : illumination opening diaphragm,  30 : diffracted light restricting part,  31   a  to  31   e : diffracted light limiting diaphragm,  33 : selection switching part,  50 : light source part,  60 : control part, W: the measuring target object W, WM, WMa, WMb: measurement mark,  2 : exposure device,  80 : exposure optical system,  81 : exposure light source,  82 : exposure illumination system