Patent Publication Number: US-2021189744-A1

Title: Concrete Forming System

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/876,531 filed on May 18, 2020 which issues as U.S. Pat. No. 10,941,580 on Mar. 9, 2021 (Docket No. FISH-048), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/997,597 filed on Jun. 4, 2018 now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,655,347 (Docket No. FISH-023), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/722,417 filed on Oct. 2, 2017 now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,988,823 (Docket No. FISH-021). Each of the aforementioned patent applications, and any applications related thereto, is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable to this application. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     Example embodiments in general relate to a concrete forming system for reducing the time and labor required for the framing, pouring, and curing of concrete walls. 
     Related Art 
     Any discussion of the related art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such related art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field. 
     Walls have been in use since biblical times. Walls in the past have been constructed of blocks, wood, metals, or concrete. When constructing concrete walls, a liquid concrete is generally injected into a form and allowed to cure into a solid concrete wall. The forms may be constructed on-site which requires a significant amount of time and labor for each wall built. 
     Previous concrete forming systems rely on the setting of numerous free-standing panels to construct a form. The panels must be set and aligned manually and then cross-tied together to remain in place. On larger projects, this can require a significant amount of panels which each must be manually moved and reset in different positions, which is extremely labor and time intensive. 
     Failure to properly align the panels can significantly impact the constructed wall—sometimes even requiring that such a defective wall be torn down and the process started again. Failure to properly cross-tie the panels together can similarly result in structural deficiencies in the resulting wall. For example, if two free-standing panels are not cross-tied properly, one of the panels may fall down during the pouring process which will require a significant clean-up on the part of the construction crew building the concrete wall. 
     Current forming systems are available in large panels but require extensive site labor with manpower and lifting equipment. These systems require several days to set, cross tie, and brace prior to pouring. Along with another period of time to disassemble and reset to make the next pour sequence, repeating the process. After completing each pour laborers then need to return to the finished wall and remove the cross ties, and or plug holes left behind from the cross ties. 
     SUMMARY 
     An example embodiment is directed to a concrete forming system. The concrete forming system includes concrete forms including a first wall, a second wall opposing the first wall, a first side wall, and a second sidewall. A cavity is formed between the walls; with an opening being fluidly connected to the cavity. An arm coupler on the arm of a first vehicle is connected to a corresponding coupler on the first wall. An arm coupler on the arm of a second vehicle is connected to corresponding coupler on the second wall. Using the vehicles, the positioning and orientation of the walls may be adjusted. After the walls have been placed and oriented, the vehicles will hold the walls in place as concrete is poured into the cavity through the opening. The concrete is allowed to cure into a structure; after which the vehicles and walls may be moved to another location to repeat the process. 
     There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, some of the embodiments of the concrete forming system in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional embodiments of the concrete forming system that will be described hereinafter and that will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the concrete forming system in detail, it is to be understood that the concrete forming system is not limited in its application to the details of construction or to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The concrete forming system is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Example embodiments will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference characters, which are given by way of illustration only and thus are not limitative of the example embodiments herein. 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a concrete forming system in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a frontal upper perspective view of a concrete forming system in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a rear upper perspective view of a concrete forming system in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a bottom perspective view of a concrete forming system in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a frontal exploded view of a concrete forming system in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a rear exploded view of a concrete forming system in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a frontal view of a concrete forming system in use in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is an upper perspective view of a concrete forming system in use in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a side view of a concrete forming system in use in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a side perspective view of a concrete forming system in use in accordance with an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is an upper perspective view of a vehicle supporting a first wall in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 12  is an upper perspective view of a vehicle supporting a first wall with supports extended in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 13  is an upper perspective view of a vehicle supporting a second wall in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 14  is a side view of an arm supporting a first panel in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 15  is a frontal perspective view of a second panel being supported by a vehicle in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 16  is a sectional view illustrating interconnection of two adjacent first panels in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 17  is an upper perspective view of a pair of interconnected first panels being supported by a pair of vehicles in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 18  is a frontal view of four walls being supported by vehicles in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 19  is a top view of four vehicles supporting four sets of walls in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 20  is an upper perspective view of a second wall being supported by a vehicle in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 21  is an upper perspective view of a first wall being supported by a vehicle in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 22  is a top view illustrating rotation of a wall in a first direction in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 23  is a top view illustrating rotation of a wall in a second direction in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 24  is a side view of a first wall being rotated in a first direction in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 25  is a side view of a first wall being rotated in a second direction in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 26  is an upper perspective view of four sets of walls being supported by vehicles as concrete is poured in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 27  is an upper perspective view of two vehicles supporting a set of walls which are separated by a gap from an existing end structure in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 28  is an upper perspective view of two end structures with a gap in between them in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 29  is an upper perspective view of two sets of walls being used to complete the structure between the end structures in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 30  is an upper perspective view of two sets of walls being used to cure concrete to complete the structure between the end structures in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 31  is an upper perspective view of the completed structure in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 32  is a first top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 33  is a second top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 34  is a third top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 35  is a fourth top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 36  is a fifth top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 37  is a sixth top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 38  is a seventh top view illustrating four crews being utilized to build a structure in a staggered fashion in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 39  is a frontal view of a wall being supported by a vehicle in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 40  is a frontal perspective view of a wall being supported by a vehicle in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 41  is a frontal perspective view of an arm coupler and actuators in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 42  is a side perspective view of an arm coupler and actuators in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 43A  is a frontal view of a wall being rotated in a first direction in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
         FIG. 43B  is a frontal view of a wall being rotated in a second direction in accordance with an example embodiment of a concrete forming system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A. Overview 
     An example concrete forming system  10  generally comprises a first wall  30  having a first end  31 , a second end  32 , an upper end  33 , and a lower end  34 . As shown in  FIGS. 1-6 , the system  10  may also include a second wall  40  having a first end  41 , a second end  42 , an upper end  43 , and a lower end  44 ; a first sidewall  50  connected between the first ends  31 ,  41  of the first wall  30  and the second wall  40 ; and a second sidewall  55  connected between the second ends  32 ,  42  of the first wall  30  and the second wall  40 . A cavity  62  is defined between the first wall  30 , the second wall  40 , the first sidewall  50 , and the second sidewall  55 . The cavity  62  is adapted to receive a volume of concrete  12  and retain the concrete  12  during the curing process. An opening  60  formed within the upper ends  31 ,  41  of the first wall  30 , second wall  40 , first sidewall  50 , and second sidewall  55  is fluidly connected with the cavity  62 ; with the opening  60  being adapted to receive the concrete  12 . Also included is a first vehicle  20  adapted to traverse a ground surface  17 . The first vehicle  20  may include a first arm  21  extending from the first vehicle  20 , a first arm coupler  22  connected to a distal portion of the first arm  21 , and a plurality of first wheels or tracks  27  connected to a first motor. A first coupler  37  may be connected to the first wall  30 ; with the first coupler  37  being connected to the first arm coupler  22 ; with the first arm  21  retaining the first wall  30  in a desired position with respect to the second wall  40 . 
     Any of the wall  30 ,  40  may be rotated about up to three axes (pitch, roll, and yaw) by a corresponding arm  21  of a vehicle  20  in some embodiments. In an exemplary embodiment such as shown in  FIG. 11 , a pitch actuator  25  may be connected between the first arm  21  and the first arm coupler  22 ; with the pitch actuator  25  being adapted to adjust a pitch of the first arm coupler  22  and the first wall  30  with respect to the first arm  21 . A yaw actuator  24  may be connected between connected between the first arm  21  and the first arm coupler  22 ; with the yaw actuator  24  being adapted to adjust a yaw of the first arm coupler  22  and the first wall  30  with respect to the first arm  21 . The pitch actuator  25  may be connected near an upper end of the first arm coupler  22  and the yaw actuator  24  may be connected near a side of the first arm coupler  22 . A first support  28  may be movably connected to the first vehicle  20  and removably connected to the first wall  30 . 
     In some embodiments, a second vehicle  20  adapted to traverse the ground surface  17  may include a second arm  21  extending from the second vehicle  20 , a second arm coupler  22  connected to a distal portion of the second arm  21 , and a plurality of second wheels or tracks  27  connected to a second motor. In such embodiments, a second coupler  47  may be connected to the second wall  40 . The second coupler  47  is also connected to the second arm coupler  22  of the second vehicle  20 ; with the second arm  21  retaining the second wall  40  in a desired position with respect to the first wall  30 . 
     In embodiments utilizing a second vehicle  20 , a first pitch actuator  25  may be connected between the first arm  21  and the first arm coupler  22  and a second pitch actuator  25  may be connected between the second arm  21  and the second arm coupler  22 ; with the first pitch actuator  25  being adapted to adjust a pitch of the first arm coupler  22  and the first wall  20  with respect to the first arm  21  and the second pitch actuator  25  being adapted to adjust a pitch of the second arm coupler  22  and the second wall  40  with respect to the second arm  21 . 
     Such embodiments may also include a first yaw actuator  24  connected between the first arm  21  and the first arm coupler  22  and a second yaw actuator  24  connected between the second arm  21  and the second arm coupler  22 ; with the first yaw actuator  24  being adapted to adjust a yaw of the first arm coupler  22  and the first wall  30  with respect to the first arm  21  and the second yaw actuator  24  being adapted to adjust a pitch of the second arm coupler  22  and the second wall  40  with respect to the second arm  21 . Such embodiments may also include a first support  28  movably connected to the first vehicle  20  and a second support  28  movably connected to the second vehicle  20 ; with the first support  28  removably connected to the first wall  30  and the second support  28  removably connected to the second wall  40 . 
     In another exemplary embodiment of the concrete form system  10 , a first set of walls comprising a first wall  30  having a first end  31 , a second end  32 , an upper end  33 , and a lower end  34  and a second wall  40  having a first end  41 , a second end  42 , an upper end  43 , and a lower end  44  may be provided; with the first wall  30  of the first set of walls being positioned in an opposed spaced-apart relationship with respect to the second wall  40  of the first set of walls. In such an embodiment, the first vehicle  20  may control the first wall  30  of the first set of walls and a second vehicle  20  may control the second wall  40  of the first set of walls. The first set of walls may include a first sidewall  50  connected between the first ends  31 ,  41  of the first wall  30  and the second wall  40  of the first set of walls. Similarly, a second sidewall  55  may be connected between the second ends  32 ,  42  of the first and second walls  30 ,  40  of the first set of walls. 
     In such an embodiment, a second set of walls comprising a first wall  30  having a first end  31 , a second end  32 , an upper end  33 , and a lower end  34  and a second wall  40  having a first end  41 , a second end  42 , an upper end  43 , and a lower end  44  may be provided; with the first wall  30  of the first set of walls being positioned in an opposed spaced-apart relationship with respect to the second wall  40  of the first set of walls. In such an embodiment, a third vehicle  20  may control the first wall  30  of the second set of walls and a fourth vehicle  20  may control the second wall  40  of the second set of walls. The first wall  30  of the first set of walls may be removably connected to the first wall  30  of the second set of walls and the second wall  40  of the first set of walls may be removably connected to the second wall  40  of the second set of walls. In such an embodiment, the cavity  62  may extend between the first wall  30  of the second set of walls and the second wall  40  of the second set of walls. The first wall  30  of the first set of walls may in some embodiments not be connected to the second wall  40  of the first set of walls, as no cross-tying is necessary due to the use of vehicles  20 . 
     Also disclosed is a method of forming a structure  16  which comprises the steps of moving a first wall  30  with a first vehicle  20  from a previous location on a ground surface  17  to a first location on the ground surface  17 , wherein the first location is distally spaced with respect to the previous location; positioning the first wall  30  with the first vehicle  20  such that a lower end  34  of the first wall  30  is retained in the first location on the ground surface  17 ; moving a second wall  40  with a second vehicle  20  from the previous location on a ground surface  17  to a second location on the ground surface  17 , wherein the second location is distally spaced with respect to the previous location and the first location; positioning the second wall  40  with the second vehicle  20  such that a lower end  44  of the second wall  40  is retained in the second location on the ground surface, wherein the first wall  30  is parallel and distally spaced with respect to the second wall  40  so as to define a cavity  62  between the first wall  30  and the second wall  40 ; filling the cavity  62  between the first wall  30  and the second wall  40  with a volume of concrete  12 ; and forming the structure  16  between the first wall  30  and the second wall  40  by allowing the concrete  12  to cure within the cavity  62  between the first wall  30  and the second wall  40 . 
     B. Vehicles 
     As shown throughout the figures, vehicles  20  are generally utilized to support, move, adjust, and retain the walls  30 ,  40  of the concrete forming system  10 . While the figures illustrate the vehicles  20  as comprising excavators, it should be appreciated that a wide range of vehicles  20  may be utilized, such as trucks, cars, loaders, and the like. 
     As best shown in  FIG. 8 , each vehicle  20  may include an arm  21  which is movably connected to the vehicle  20 . The arm  21  is generally controlled from within the cab of the vehicle  20 , though external or remote controls may be utilized in some embodiments. The arm  21  includes an arm coupler  22  at its distal end which is utilized to interconnect the arm  21  with a wall  30 ,  40 . The arm coupler  22  is generally hingedly connected to the arm  21  via a hinge  23  as shown in  FIG. 11 . 
     As best shown in  FIG. 8 , each vehicle  20  may traverse the ground surface  17  using a plurality of tracks  27 . Although not shown, it should be appreciated that the vehicle  20  may instead use wheels or any other device known to permit a vehicle  20  to traverse a ground surface  17 . In some embodiments, the vehicles  20  may be on rails or the like which run alongside the structure  16  being built. 
     As best shown in  FIGS. 11-12 , each vehicle  20  may include supports  28 ,  29  which are movably connected to the vehicle  20 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 15 , a vehicle  20  is illustrated with a first support  28  extending from a first side of the vehicle  20  and a second support  29  extending from a second side of the vehicle  20 . The supports  28 ,  29  may be utilized to provide additional stability to the walls  30 ,  40  when they are being supported by the vehicles  20 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 11-12 , the supports  28 ,  29  are removably connected to the outer surface  35  of a first wall  30 . The supports  28 ,  29  are adjustable between a first position in which the supports  28 ,  29  are not connected to a wall  30 ,  40  and a second position in which the supports  28 ,  29  are connected to a wall  30 ,  40 . 
     The supports  28 ,  29  may be lowered to come into contact with the wall  30 ,  40  or raised to release the wall  30 ,  40 . It should be appreciated that the supports  28 ,  29  may be connected to the wall  30 ,  40  by frictional engagement or may utilize other locking mechanisms such as brackets, clasps, or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 20 , the first support  28  extends from a first side of the vehicle  20  and the second support  29  extends from a second side of the vehicle  20 . The first support  28  may be parallel with respect to the second support  29 . The first and second supports  28 ,  29  may be individually controllable such that the first support  28  may be raised while the second support  29  is lowered, and vice versa. 
     Generally, the first support  28  will extend from the vehicle  20  to frictionally engage with the lower end  34 ,  44  of the outer surface  35 ,  45  of a wall  30 ,  40  near its first end  31 ,  41  of the wall  30 ,  40 . The second support  29  may extend from the vehicle  20  to frictionally engage with the lower end  34 ,  44  of the outer surface  35 ,  45  of the wall  30 ,  40  near its second end  32 ,  42 . As shown in  FIG. 20 , the supports  28 ,  29  may connect to (such as by frictional engagement) ribs  69  which extend along the outer surface  35 ,  45  of the wall  30 ,  40 . 
     The use of vehicles  20  to support the walls  30 ,  40  allows the omission of cross ties or any interconnection between the first wall  30  and the second wall  40  of a form. The vehicles  20  support allows the walls  30 ,  40  to withstand the pour pressures of the concrete  12  without cross ties or sidewalls  50 ,  55  connected between the walls  30 ,  40 . The weight of the vehicle  20  also eliminates the requirement of ground braces to support the walls  30 ,  40  at the mid or upper points on the walls  30 ,  40  while pouring. 
     C. Concrete Forms 
     As shown throughout the figures, the concrete forming system  10  may include a first wall  30  and a second wall  40  in a spaced-apart, opposed relationship with respect to the first wall  30 . Such a configuration creates a concrete form having a cavity  62  in which concrete  12  may be poured and allowed to cure to form a structure  16 . 
       FIGS. 1-10  illustrate a first exemplary embodiment which includes a first wall  30 , a second wall  40 , a first sidewall  50 , and a second sidewall  55 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the first wall  30  may include a first end  31 , a second end  32 , an upper end  33 , a lower end  34 , an outer surface  35 , and an inner surface  36 . The lower end  34  of the first wall  30  is positioned on the ground surface  17  and kept in place by the vehicle  20 . The first wall  30  includes an outer surface  35  which faces toward the vehicle  20  and an inner surface  36  which faces away from the vehicle  20  and toward the second wall  40  when the second wall  40  is in place, such as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5-6 , the second wall  40  similarly includes a first end  41 , a second end  42 , an upper end  43 , a lower end  44 , a first sidewall  50 , and a second sidewall  55 . The lower end  44  of the second wall  40  is positioned on the ground surface  17  and kept in place by a vehicle  20 . The second wall  40  is generally positioned in opposing, spaced-apart relationship with respect to the first wall  30  such as shown in  FIG. 26 . The second wall  40  may include an outer surface  45  which faces toward the vehicle  20  and an inner surface  46  which faces away from the vehicle  20 . 
       FIGS. 1-8  illustrate an embodiment which includes a pair of sidewalls  50 ,  55 . As best shown in  FIG. 5 , a first sidewall  50  may be connected between the first end  31  of the first wall  30  and the first end  41  of the second wall  40 . A second sidewall  55  may be connected between the second end  32  of the first wall  30  and the second end  42  of the second wall  40 . In such a manner, a cavity  62  is defined between the first wall  30 , the second wall  40 , the first side wall  50 , and the second sidewall  55 . 
     The first and second walls  30 ,  40  may comprise different orientations to produce different types of structures  16 . For example, both the first and second walls  30 ,  40  may be in an upright, vertical orientation to create a uniform-width wall. In other embodiments, the first wall  30  may be diagonally oriented and the second wall  40  may be vertically oriented, so as to produce a slanted face on the resulting structure  16 . Both walls  30 ,  40  could be diagonally oriented toward each other to produce a triangular-shaped wall. Any other orientation or configuration may be utilized. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the first sidewall  50  may comprise an upper end  51  and a lower end  52 . The first sidewall  50  may be removably connected between the first and second walls  30 ,  40 . The second sidewall  55  may comprise an upper end  56  and a lower end  56 . The second sidewall  55  may be removably connected between the first and second walls  30 ,  40 . In other embodiments, the sidewalls  50 ,  55  could be fixedly attached or integrally formed with the first and second walls  30 ,  40 . 
     The inner surfaces  36 ,  46  of the walls  30 ,  40  are preferably comprised of a material to which concrete  12  will not adhere as it cures and solidifies. In other words, the inner surfaces  36 ,  46  of the walls  30 ,  40  are preferably comprised of a material which allows the walls  30 ,  40  to be pulled or otherwise moved away from the solidified concrete  12  after curing without breaking off pieces of the solidified concrete  12  (such as if the concrete  12  were to stick to the inner surfaces  36 ,  46  of the walls  30 ,  40 ). 
     The outer surfaces  36 ,  46  of the walls  30 ,  40  each include a coupler  37 ,  47  which is adapted to removably engage with a corresponding arm coupler  22  such as shown in  FIGS. 8-10 . The first wall  30  may include a first coupler  37  on its outer surface  36  and the second wall  40  may include a second coupler  47  on its outer surfaces  46 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , the couplers  37 ,  47  may comprise structures such as rods, clips, brackets, or the like to which the corresponding arm couplers  22  may be connected. The arm couplers  22  may be removably connected to the couplers  37 ,  47 . 
     In some embodiments, the couplers  37 ,  47  may comprise quick-connect and quick-disconnect couplers  37 ,  47 . In such embodiments, manipulation of the arm  21  of the vehicle  20  may be utilized to easily connect the arm coupler  22  to a corresponding coupler  37 ,  47  or disconnect the arm coupler  22  from a corresponding coupler  37 ,  47 . 
     When the arm  21  of the vehicle  20  is coupled to a wall  30 ,  40  via the arm coupler  22  and coupler  37 ,  47 , the arm  21  may be manipulated to move or otherwise adjust the wall  30 ,  40  to which the arm  21  is connected. In such a manner, the wall  30 ,  40  may be positioned at a desired location on a ground surface  17  in a desired orientation to be used to form the structure  16  via curing of liquid concrete  12 . 
       FIGS. 8-10  illustrate a pair of vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  which are being utilized to support a concrete form comprised of a first wall  30 , a second wall  40 , a first sidewall  50 , and a second sidewall  55 . The first vehicle  20   a  is connected to the first wall  30 ; with the arm  21  of the first vehicle  20   a  being connected to the first coupler  37  of the first wall  40 . The second vehicle  20   b  is connected to the second wall  40 ; with the arm  21  of the second vehicle  20   b  being connected to the second coupler  47  of the second wall  40 . In this manner, both walls  30 ,  40  are supported in position while concrete  12  is poured into the cavity  62  and retained in such a position as the liquid concrete  12  cures into a solidified concrete  12  to form the structure  16 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , scaffolding  64  surrounds the upper ends  33 ,  43 ,  51 ,  56  of the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55 . This scaffolding  64  will allow an individual to safely service the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  as needed. The upper ends  33 ,  43 ,  51 ,  56  of the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  may include wall anchors  68  such as clips or the like which may be connected to a boom if necessary for moving the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55 . Alternatively, safety harnesses on workers may be connected to these wall anchors  68  to prevent injury. 
       FIGS. 11-26  illustrate an embodiment of the concrete forming system  10  which may retain the walls  30 ,  40  in position without the use of sidewalls  50 ,  55  or any type of cross-tie. In other words, the walls  30 ,  40  are retained in opposing, spaced-apart relationship without being connected to each other; the first wall  30  is not connected to the second wall  40 . This is possible due to the use of the vehicles  20  which retain the walls  30 ,  40  in position without the necessity of the walls  30 ,  40  being interconnected to each other. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 22-25 , such an embodiment may allow for more maneuverability in adjusting the orientation of the walls  30 ,  40 . As shown in  FIG. 20 , the arm coupler  22  in such an embodiment may comprise a plate-like member which is connected between the arm  21  and the wall  30 ,  40 . The arm coupler  22  may be removably or fixedly attached to the wall  30 ,  40 , such as via the couplers  37 ,  47  on the wall  30 ,  40 . 
     In some embodiments, it may be desirable to adjust the attitude, position, and/or orientation of the walls  30 ,  40 . Such adjustments may be utilized to accommodate for terrain variances that may be encountered when constructing the structure  16 . Different embodiments may allow adjustment of the walls  30 ,  40  about different numbers of axes depending on the needs of a particular area, terrain, or ground surface  17 . In some embodiments, the walls  30 ,  40  may be rotated about up to three axes (pitch, yaw, roll) with respect to the ground surface  17  or arm  21  of the vehicle  20  to which the particular wall  30 ,  40  is connected. 
       FIGS. 22-25  illustrate an embodiment which is rotatable about two axes: an X-axis with respect to the ground surface  17  (pitch) and a Y-axis with respect to the ground surface  17  (yaw). Such an embodiment may include actuators  24 ,  25  which are utilized to rotate or otherwise adjust the attitude or orientation of the wall  30 ,  40  with respect to the arm  21  to which the wall  30 ,  40  is interconnected. As shown in  FIGS. 22-23 , a pair of yaw actuators  24  may be connected between the arm  21  and the arm coupler  22 . The yaw actuators  24  are adapted to adjust the yaw of the arm coupler  22  with respect to the arm  21 . Because the wall  30 ,  40  is connected to the arm coupler  22 , such as via a coupler  37 ,  47  on the wall  30 ,  40 , the wall  30 ,  40  will similarly be adjusted along with the arm coupler  22 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 22 , a first yaw actuator  24  is connected between the hinge  23  and a first side of the arm coupler  22 . A second yaw actuator  24  is connected between the hinge  23  and a second side of the arm coupler  22 . Extending the first yaw actuator  24  as the second yaw actuator  24  is retracted will adjust the yaw of the arm coupler  22  in a first direction. Retracting the first yaw actuator  24  as the second yaw actuator  24  is extended will adjust the yaw of the arm coupler  22  (and, as a result, the wall  30 ,  40 ) in a second direction. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 24-25 , a pair of pitch actuators  25  may also be connected between the arm  21  and the arm coupler  22 . The pitch actuators  25  are adapted to adjust the pitch of the arm coupler  22  with respect to the arm  21 . Because the wall  30 ,  40  is connected to the arm coupler  22 , the wall  30 ,  40  will similarly be adjusted along with the arm coupler  22 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 24 , a first pitch actuator  25  is connected between the arm  21  and an upper end of the arm coupler  22 . A second pitch actuator  25  is connected between the arm  21  and a lower end of the arm coupler  22 . Extending the first pitch actuator  25  as the second pitch actuator  25  is retracted will adjust the pitch of the arm coupler  22  in a first direction. Retracting the first pitch actuator  25  as the second pitch actuator  25  is extended will adjust the pitch of the arm coupler  22  (and, as a result, the wall  30 ,  40 ) in a second direction. 
     By utilizing the actuators  24 ,  25 , the walls  30 ,  40  may be adjusted to a desired orientation before being held in place for concrete  12  to be poured into the cavity  62  between the walls  30 ,  40 . When the walls  30 ,  40  are so oriented, additional supports  28 ,  29  may be interconnected between the vehicle  20  and the walls  30 ,  40  for added stability. 
     In some embodiments, the wall  30 ,  40  may be adjusted to rotate about three axes.  FIGS. 39-43  illustrate an embodiment which is rotatable about three axes: an X-axis with respect to the ground surface  17  (pitch); a Y-axis with respect to the ground surface  17  (yaw); and a Z-axis with respect to the ground surface  17  (roll).  FIGS. 24-25  illustrate a wall  30 ,  40  being rotated about a first axis to adjust pitch of the wall  30 ,  40 .  FIGS. 22-23  illustrate a wall  30 ,  40  being rotated about a second axis to adjust yaw of the wall  30 ,  40 .  FIGS. 43A and 43B  illustrate a wall  30 ,  40  being rotated about a third axis to adjust roll of the wall  30 ,  40 . 
       FIGS. 39-43  illustrate an alternate embodiment of an arm coupler  80  adapted to adjust the attitude of the wall  30 ,  40  with respect to the arm  21  to which the arm coupler  80  is connected (roll, pitch, yaw). Such an arm coupler  80  may comprise a frame  81  which is connected to the corresponding couplers  37 ,  47  on the wall  30 ,  40 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 39 , first couplers  37  of a first wall  30  are illustrated as comprising a plurality of elongated members extending between the first end  31  and the second end  32  of the first wall. The frame  81  comprises a plurality of elongated members which extend perpendicular with respect to the first couplers  37  of the first wall  30 . The frame  81  may be fixedly or removably connected to the coupler  37 ,  47  of a wall  30 ,  40 . In some embodiments, the frame  81  may be welded to the coupler  37 ,  47  of a wall  30 ,  40 . 
       FIG. 40  illustrates that the arm coupler  80  includes a hub  82  which is connected to the arm  21  of the vehicle  20  by a hinge  85 . The hub  82  is illustrated as comprising a cross-configuration, including a first arm  83  extending in a first direction and a second arm  84  extending in a second direction. It should be appreciated that alternate configurations of the hub  82  may be utilized. The hub  82  is shown as being connected to the frame  81  which in turn is connected to the wall  30 ,  40  by corresponding couplers  37 ,  47  on the wall  30 ,  40 . The manner in which the hub  82  is connected to the frame  81  may vary in different embodiments. The hub  82  and frame  81  could be welded together or otherwise interconnected. 
     As best shown in  FIG. 42 , the arm coupler  80  may include a bearing  89  which allows rotation of the arm coupler  80 . More specifically, the embodiment of  FIG. 42  includes a bearing  89  near the center of the hub  82  such that the hub  82  may rotate. The bearing  89  is utilized to allow attitude adjustment (roll) using the roll actuators  86  as discussed herein. 
     The arm  21  is only connected to the arm coupler  80  by the actuators  86 ,  87 ,  88 . In this manner, the actuators  86 ,  87 ,  88  may control the attitude of the arm coupler  80  and interconnected wall  30 ,  40 . The bearing  89  allows the roll of the wall  30 ,  40  to be adjusted to account for variations in the ground surface  17 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 41 , multiple actuators  86 ,  87 ,  88  are utilized to effectuate attitude adjustment by three-axis rotation of the wall  30 ,  40  with respect to the arm  21  of the vehicle  20 . Roll actuators  86  are illustrated which control rotation of the wall  30 ,  40  about a first axis (X-axis). Yaw actuators  87  are illustrated which control rotation of the wall  30 ,  40  with respect to a second axis (Y-axis). Pitch actuators  88  are illustrated which control rotation of the wall  30 ,  40  about a third axis (Z-axis). 
     As best shown in  FIG. 42 , the roll actuators  86  are each connected between the hub  82  and the frame  81 . A bearing  89  in the hub  82  allows the frame  81 , the hub  82  and by extension, the wall  30 ,  40  to rotate about the bearing  89  for roll adjustment. This is particularly useful for terrain variances. Although the figures illustrate only slight roll adjustments (3-5 degrees), it should be appreciated that larger degree changes may be supported for particular terrains. 
     As shown in  FIG. 41 , a first roll actuator  86  may be connected between the first arm  83  of the hub  82  and the frame  81 . A second roll actuator  86  may be connected between the second arm  84  of the hub  82  and the frame  81 . The roll actuators  86  are illustrated as extending vertically in a parallel orientation with respect to the frame  81 . Extension/retraction of the roll actuators  86  adjusts the attitude (roll) of the wall  30 ,  40 .  FIG. 43A  illustrates the wall  30 ,  40  being rolled a first direction by extension of the roll actuator  86  on the first arm  83 .  FIG. 43B  illustrates the wall  30 ,  40  being rolled in a second direction by extension of the roll actuator  86  on the second arm  84 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 41 , a first yaw actuator  87  may be connected between the hinge  85  and the first arm  83  of the hub  82  of the arm coupler  80 . A second yaw actuator  87  may similarly be connected between the hinge  85  and the second arm  84  of the hub  82  of the arm coupler  80 . The yaw actuators  87  may extend in opposite directions as shown in the figures. The yaw actuators  87  may be extended and/or retracted to adjust the yaw of the wall  30 ,  40 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 41 , a first pitch actuator  88  extends between the arm  21  of the vehicle  20  and the upper end of the hub  82  of the arm coupler  80 . A second pitch actuator  88  extends between the arm  21  of the vehicle  20  and the lower end of the hub  82  of the arm coupler  80 . The pitch actuators  88  may be extended and/or retracted to adjust the pitch of the wall  30 ,  40 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 13, 15, and 21 , the vehicle  20  may include a first support  28  extending from a first side of the vehicle  20  and a second support  29  extending from a second side of the vehicle  20 . Each of the supports  28 ,  29  may comprise various configurations, such as an elongated member such as a rod as shown in the figures. The supports  28 ,  29  provide additional bracing for the wall  30 ,  40  when it is being held in position by the vehicle  20 . 
     The supports  28 ,  29  are preferably movably connected to the vehicle  20  such that the supports  28 ,  29  may be raised into a storage/transport position or lowered into an engaged position to engage with the wall  30 ,  40 . In the figures, the supports  28 ,  29  are illustrated as rotating between a vertical position and a horizontal position. Thus, the supports  28 ,  29  may be hingedly connected to the vehicle  20  by hinges as shown in the figures. Actuators may be provided to adjust the positions of the supports  28 ,  29 . The location where the supports  28 ,  29  are connected to the vehicle  20  may vary in different embodiments and should not be construed as limited by the figures. 
     The supports  28 ,  29  may interconnect with the wall  30 ,  40  or may frictionally engage with the wall  30 ,  40 . In the figures, the supports  28 ,  29  are illustrated as engaging with ribs  69  on the lower end  34 ,  44  of the outer surface  35 ,  45  of the relevant wall  30 ,  40 . The supports  28 ,  29  may interconnect with any location on the wall  30 ,  40  in different embodiments. 
     The supports  28 ,  29  may be parallel with each other as shown in the figures. The supports  28 ,  29  may be individually controlled in some embodiments, or controlled together in other embodiments. When engaged with the wall  30 ,  40 , the supports  28 ,  29  provide additional stability for the lower end  34 ,  44  of the wall  30 ,  40  to keep the wall  30 ,  40  in its desired orientation and location during curing. 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 , multiple sets of walls, each comprising a first wall  30  and an opposing second wall  40 , may be daisy-chained together. The number of walls  30 ,  40  so interconnected may vary in different embodiments and for different types of resulting structures  16 . For example, if a longer structure  16  is desired, additional walls  30 ,  40  may be daisy-chained onto the end to increase the effective length of the cavity  62  in which the concrete  12  is cured. 
     To effectuate interconnection of walls  30 ,  40 , connectors  38 ,  48  and receivers  48 ,  49  may be utilized. The first wall  30  may include a first connector  38  on its first end  31  and a first receiver  39  on its second end  32 . The second wall  40  may similarly include a second connector  48  on its first end  41  and a second receiver  49  on its second end  42 . 
     Each connector  38 ,  48  is adapted to removably engage with a corresponding receiver  39 ,  49  on an adjacent wall such as shown in  FIGS. 16-17 . The connectors  38 ,  48  may each comprise pins while the receivers  39 ,  49  may each comprise openings into which the connectors  38 ,  48  are inserted to interconnect adjacent walls  30 ,  40 . 
       FIG. 19  illustrates four first walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d  which are interconnected to each other to form a unitary structure. Opposing the four first walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d  are four second walls  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d  which are similarly interconnected to each other to form a unitary structure. Thus, the cavity  62  extends between all of the interconnected walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d ,  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d . As is readily apparent, this allows the length of the cavity  62  to be increased. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 19 , a first sidewall  50  has been connected between the first set of walls (first wall  30   a  and second wall  40   a ). A second sidewall  55  has been connected between the fourth set of walls (first wall  30   d  and second wall  40   d ). 
     As shown throughout the figures, the walls  30 ,  40  may include or define an opening  60  through which the concrete  12  is poured into the cavity  62 . In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , the opening  60  is defined by the upper ends  33 ,  43 ,  51 ,  56  of the first wall  30 , second wall  40 , first sidewall  50 , and second sidewall  50 . The opening  60  could be in other locations, such as lower on the wall  30 ,  40  such that a hose, conduit, or other type of feeder may be connected to feed the liquid concrete  12  into the cavity  62 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 , rebar  66  may be positioned between the walls  30 ,  40  in the cavity  62  prior to pouring the liquid concrete  12 . Rebar  66  may be lowered into the cavity  62  through the opening  60  in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the rebar  66  may be placed against the first wall  30  before the second wall  40  is moved into place opposing the first wall  30 , such as shown in  FIG. 21 . 
     D. Operation of Preferred Embodiment 
     In use, the vehicles  20  significantly decrease the time and effort required for formation of a structure  16  such as a wall.  FIG. 27  illustrates a concrete form comprised of a first wall  30 , a second wall  40 , a first sidewall  50 , and a second sidewall  55  being utilized to build a second structure segment  15  next to a first structure segment  14 ; with a gap  18  therebetween which may be filled in to complete the structure  16 . As discussed herein, it may be beneficial to stagger structure segments  14 ,  15  to more efficiently build the structure with the vehicles  20  and walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  available. 
     As shown in  FIG. 27 , a pair of vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  is being utilized to support a concrete form in an upright position. The first wall  30  is connected to and supported by a first vehicle  20   a . The second wall  40  is connected to and supported by a second vehicle  20   b . The first wall  30  may be adjusted by the first arm  21   a  and the second wall  40  may be adjusted by the second arm  21   b.    
     The arm  21   a  of the first vehicle  20   a  is interconnected with the first wall  30  via the arm coupler  22   a  engaging with the first coupler  37  of the first wall  30 . The arm  21   b  of the second vehicle  20   b  is interconnected with the second wall  40  via the arm coupler  22   b  engaging with the second coupler  47  of the second wall  40 . Adjustment of the arms  21   a ,  21   b  may be utilized to reorient or reposition the walls  30 ,  40 . Additionally, movement of the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  themselves may also be utilized to reposition the walls  30 ,  40 . 
     In the view shown in  FIG. 27 , the arms  21  of the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  have been adjusted to orient the first and second walls  30 ,  40  in an upright, vertical position on a foundation  11  formed in a ground surface  17 . The vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  have been positioned a distance away from a first structure segment  14 ; with a gap  18  between the first structure segment  14  and the location of the walls  30 ,  40 . This type of staggering of walls may aid in efficiency and positioning of vehicles  20   a ,  20   b.    
     While the figures may illustrate a foundation  11  being formed in the ground surface  17  before the forming process, it should be appreciated that a foundation  11  may be omitted in some embodiments. Once the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  are in position, rebar  66  may be lowered into the cavity  62  defined between the first wall  30 , second wall  40 , first sidewall  50 , and second sidewall  55 . In some embodiments, rebar  66  may be omitted. 
     As shown in  FIG. 29 , with the rebar  66  in place, liquid concrete  12  is poured into the cavity  62  via the opening  60  at the upper ends  31 ,  41 ,  51 ,  56  of the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55 . The liquid concrete  12  fills the cavity  62 ; starting with the lower ends  34 ,  44 ,  52 ,  57  of the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55 . As the concrete  12  fills the cavity  62 , the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  are retained in place by the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b.    
     The cavity  62  may in some embodiments not be completely filled with concrete  12 . In some embodiments, the cavity  62  will be completed filled with concrete  12 . In either case, once the desired volume of liquid concrete  12  is poured or otherwise introduced into the cavity  62 , such as by a concrete dispenser  13  such as a boom or the like, the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  are retained in place as the liquid concrete  12  cures and solidifies. 
     After the concrete  12  has cured into a solid mass such as shown in  FIG. 30 , the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  may be removed from around the resulting structure  16 . The walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  may be removed in any number of manners. In one embodiment, the first sidewall  50  is disconnected from the first ends  31 ,  41  of the first and second walls  30 ,  40 . The second sidewall  55  is disconnected from the second ends  32 ,  42  of the first and second walls  30 ,  40 . The first vehicle  20   a  may then move to another location with the first wall  30  while the second vehicle  20   b  moves to another location with the second wall  40 . When at the other location, the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  may be put into place, the sidewalls  50 ,  55  reattached, and the process repeated. In another embodiment, the arms  21   a ,  21   b  of the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  may be lifted together to pull the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  off of the structure  16 . 
       FIG. 26  illustrates the use of four sets of first and second walls  30 ,  40  to create an elongated cavity  62  which extends through all sets of walls  30 ,  40 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 26 , each set of walls comprises a first wall  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d  and an opposing second wall  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d . A first vehicle  20   a  retains a first wall  30   d  and a second vehicle  20   h  retains the second wall  40   a . A third vehicle  20   b  retains the first wall  30   c  and a fourth vehicle  20   g  retains the second wall  40   b . A fifth vehicle  20   c  retains the first wall  30   b  and a sixth vehicle  20   f  retains the second wall  40   c . A seventh vehicle  20   d  retains the first wall  30   a  and an eighth vehicle  20   e  the second wall  40   d . Arms  21   a ,  21   b ,  21   c ,  21   d ,  21   e ,  21   f ,  21   g ,  21   h  are interconnected to the walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d ,  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d  via arm couplers  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c ,  22   d ,  22   e ,  22   f ,  22   g ,  22   h.    
     The manner or order in which the walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d ,  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d  are put into place may vary. In some embodiments, each set of walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d ,  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d  is put into place in turn; with the first set of walls  30   a ,  40   d  being put into place by the vehicles  20   d ,  20   e . The second set of walls  30   b ,  40   c  are then put into place by the vehicles  20   c ,  20   f ; with the first wall  30   b  being connected to the first wall  30   a  and the second wall  40   d  being connected to the second wall  40   c . The third set of walls  30   c ,  40   b  are then put into place by the vehicles  20   b ,  20   g ; with the first wall  30   c  being connected to the first wall  30   b  and the second wall  40   b  being connected to the second wall  40   c . The fourth set of walls  30   d ,  40   a  are then put into place by the vehicles  20   d ,  20   h ; with the first wall  30   d  being connected to the first wall  30   c  and the second wall  40   a  being connected to the second wall  40   b.    
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 19 , a first sidewall  50  has been connected to the first ends  31 ,  41  of the first and second walls  30   a ,  40   a . A second sidewall  55  has been connected to the second ends  32 ,  42  of the first and second walls  30   d ,  40   d . Thus, the cavity  62  extends from the first set of walls to the fourth set of walls; with the sidewalls  50 ,  55  enclosing the cavity  62 . Liquid concrete  12  may then be poured through the opening  60  of the cavity  62  to fill the cavity  62 . The concrete  12  allowed to solidify and cure, after which the walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c ,  30   d ,  40   a ,  40   b ,  40   c ,  40   d  may be removed and then repositioned to repeat the process again.  FIG. 26  illustrates the same configuration, but without the sidewalls  50 ,  55  and with rebar  66  positioned in the cavity  62 . Such a configuration may be utilized to cast a set of walls between two existing structure segments  14 ,  15 . 
       FIGS. 32-38  illustrate multiple sets of vehicles  20  being utilized to complete different structure segments  14 ,  15  in a staggered configuration to complete a structure  16 . As shown, sets of vehicles  20  and walls  30 ,  40  are utilized to form discrete structure segments  14 ,  15  which are separated by gaps  18 . The same vehicles  20  may then be utilized to fill the gaps  18  to complete the structure  16  while additional vehicles  20  are utilized to create additional structure segments  14 ,  15  separated by gaps  18  that themselves will be filled in in a staggered fashion. 
     Such a staggered method of completed the structure  16  allows multiple crews to work simultaneously. While one set of vehicles  20  is at a first location while concrete  12  is cured to form a first structure segment  14 , additional sets of vehicles  20  may be in transit or in another location to form a second structure segment  15 . The gaps  18  ensure that vehicles  20  do not get in each other&#39;s way. Additionally, gaps  18  may be utilized to account for elevation changes; with the first and second structure segments  14 ,  15  straddling an elevation change. 
       FIGS. 27-31  illustrate such a method of forming a structure  16 . As shown in  FIG. 27 , a first structure segment  14  has already been constructed. A pair of vehicles  20   a ,  20   b  are supporting walls  30 ,  40  having an opening  60  fluidly connected to a cavity  62 . It can be seen that rebar  66  has been positioned in the cavity  62 . Liquid concrete  12  may be poured into the cavity  62  via the opening  60 ; with the concrete  12  filling the cavity  62  around the rebar  66 . The concrete  12  may be allowed to cure, and the walls  30 ,  40 ,  50 ,  55  removed by the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b.    
       FIG. 28  illustrates the first structure segment  14  and the second structure segment  15  having been constructed with a gap  18  between the segments  14 ,  15 . As shown in  FIG. 29 , two sets of walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  40   a ,  40   b  have been positioned in the gap  18  and are being retained by four vehicles  20   a ,  20   b ,  20   c ,  20   d . A first vehicle  20   a  supports the first wall  30   a , a second vehicle  20   b  supports the second wall  40   a , a third vehicle  20   c  supports the first wall  30   b , and a fourth vehicle  20   d  supports the second wall  40   b.    
     Continuing to reference  FIG. 29 , the first wall  30   a  is connected to the first wall  30   b ; with both first walls  30   a ,  30   b  being positioned between the structure segments  14 ,  15  in the gap  18 . The second wall  40   a  is connected to the second wall  40   b ; with both second walls  40   a ,  40   b  being positioned between the structure segments  14 ,  15  in the gap  18 . The first wall  30   a  is spaced-apart and opposite the second wall  40   a . The first wall  30   b  is spaced-apart and opposite the second wall  40   b . The first wall  30   a  is not connected to the second wall  40   a . The first wall  30   b  is not connected to the second wall  40   b . Such a configuration is possible without the use of ties or other connections between opposing walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  40   a ,  40   b  because the vehicles  20   a ,  20   b ,  20   c ,  20   d  retain the walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  40   a ,  40   b  in place. 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 29 , the cavity  62  extends across both sets of walls  30   a ,  30   b ,  40   a ,  40   b . Liquid concrete  12  is poured through the opening  60  into the cavity  62 , such as by a concrete dispenser  13  such as a boom. The concrete  12  fills the cavity  62  and surrounds the rebar  66  as shown in  FIG. 30 . The liquid concrete  12  is allowed to solidify form the structure  16  as shown in  FIG. 30 . The vehicles  20   a ,  20   b ,  20   c ,  20   d  are then removed.  FIG. 31  illustrates the completed structure  16 . 
       FIGS. 32-38  illustrate a method by which multiple crews  70 ,  72 ,  74 ,  76  may work efficiently together to complete an elongated structure  16  such as a concrete wall. Each crew  70 ,  72 ,  74 ,  76  includes four vehicles  20  comprised of excavators. The first crew  70  has four arms  21  each supporting a first wall  30 . The second crew  72  has four arms  21  each supporting a second wall  40 ; with the first walls  30  and the second walls  40  of the first crew  70  and the second crew  72  forming a first set of walls. 
     The third crew  74  similarly has four arms  21  each supporting a first wall  30 . The fourth crew  76  has four arms  21  each supporting a second wall  40 ; with the first walls  30  and the second walls  40  of the third crew  74  and the fourth crew  76  forming a second set of walls adapted to form a second cavity  62  for receiving liquid concrete  12  to be cured. 
     As shown in  FIG. 32 , three completed segments  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c  have been previously completed by the crews  70 ,  72 ,  74 ,  76 , with gaps  18  between each of the segments  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c . The first and second crews  70 ,  72  in  FIG. 32  are in position between the first completed segment  19   a  and the second completed segment  19   b  curing poured concrete  12  to form a fourth completed segment  19   d . The third and fourth crews  74 ,  76  in in  FIG. 32  are in position forming a fifth completed segment  19   e , with concrete  12  being poured from a concrete dispenser  13 . A gap  18  is present between the third completed segment  19   c  and the fourth completed segment  19   d  that is being formed by the third and fourth crews  74 ,  76 . 
     In  FIG. 33 , it can be seen that the first and second crews  70 ,  72  have completed the fourth completed segment  19   d . The second crew  72  has moved to the gap  18  between the second completed segment  19   b  and the third completed segment  19   c . Rebar  66  is in place to be positioned next to the walls  30  of the second crew  72 . In  FIGS. 33-36 , it is shown how, after the rebar  66  is set, each vehicle  20  of the first crew  70  moves over to oppose the second crew  72 . 
     As the second crew  72  is in motion, the fifth completed segment  19   e  has been curing such as shown in  FIG. 36 .  FIG. 37  illustrates that the fifth completed segment  19   e  has been finished. Both the first and second crews  70 ,  72  are in position and receiving concrete  12  to cure from a concrete dispenser  13 . The fourth crew  76  is positioned a distance away from fifth completed segment  19   e  such that a gap  18  is present between the fifth completed segment  19   e  and the location of the fourth crew  76 . Rebar  66  has been put in place. In  FIG. 38 , it can see that the concrete  12  between the first and second crews  70 ,  72  has set. These crews  70 ,  72  are now ready to move to the next gap  18 . Concrete  12  is being poured between the third and fourth crews  74 ,  76 . That concrete  12  will set while the first and second crews  70 ,  72  are in motion to the next gap  18 . 
     As seen in the above figures and description, utilizing multiple crews  70 ,  72 ,  74 ,  76  which stagger completed segments  19  with gaps  18  may significantly improve efficiency. The crews  70 ,  72 ,  74 ,  76  are able to avoid each other due to the use of the gaps  18 ; which will prevent two sets of crews  70 ,  72 ,  74 ,  76  from ever being in close proximity to each other, which can be difficult due to the size of the vehicles  20 . Additionally, if obstructions or changes in elevation are present, gaps  18  can be used to complete work on other locations along the path of the structure  16 . 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the concrete forming system, suitable methods and materials are described above. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent allowed by applicable law and regulations. The concrete forming system may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiment be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Any headings utilized within the description are for convenience only and have no legal or limiting effect.