Patent Publication Number: US-11378494-B2

Title: Fluid sample collection system for pumped fluid source

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/893,369, filed on Feb. 9, 2018, and entitled “FLUID SAMPLE COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR PUMPED FLUID SOURCE”. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/893,369 claims priority on U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/459,996, filed on Feb. 16, 2017 and entitled “FLUID SAMPLE COLLECTION SYSTEM FROM PUMPS IN WELLS”. As far as permitted, the contents of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/893,369, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/459,996, are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase, perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAs), including perfluoroalkyl acids such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), hydrogen sulfide and numerous other contaminants, are unstable upon removal from their in-situ, resident location as a result of mass loss and/or cross contamination from the surrounding environment. Within an in-situ, subsurface, resident environment, these contaminants often times reach an equilibrated concentration state that depends on the temperature, pressure, pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential as well as other factors such as the presence of other organic and inorganic constituents. In combination, these factors define the equilibrated state in an aquifer or any other type of water bearing subsurface environment. 
     The volatile nature of VOCs and PFAs in solution and the losses that occur from exsolution due to changes in water chemistry and sampling conditions has been a problem faced by the environmental industry for decades. Sample concentration accuracy has been exhaustively studied and is a key focus of various litigation cases involving VOC groundwater contamination. 
     Unfortunately, removal of groundwater samples from their pore space environment can be accompanied by various factors that may adversely impact the sample concentration accuracy. For example, removal of groundwater samples from their pore space environment can be accompanied by factors such as (i) a decrease in hydrostatic pressure during retrieval to the surface, (ii) transferring of the sample to another container at the surface, (iii) the vapor pressure of organic molecules in solution, (iv) the proximal presence of atmospheric cross-contaminants from generators and gas powered vehicles that potentially dissolve into the groundwater sample during transfer, (v) the potential for UV degradation of the sample during transfer and within the glass sample vial itself, and (vi) the variability in terms of how the sample is handled from one field person to the next, which can all contribute to loss of volatile organic contaminants from solution and/or introduction of contaminants from the surrounding environment during the sample collection process. Even VOC degradation by microbial processes due to change in water chemistry parameters and introduction of microbes from the surface environment can be a factor. To address these concerns, some field scientists transfer water quickly from one vial to another, while others transfer water at a gentler, slower rate. Additionally, some field personnel fill the vial from the bottom using a transfer tube, while others place the transfer tube at the top of the vial and allow the water to splash and aerate into the sample container. Still other field personnel fill the vial cap with water and then quickly turn the cap over in the attempt to flood the meniscus to avoid introducing air bubbles to the inside of the vial; often times with repeated attempts to avoid introduction of air bubbles into the sample. 
     Conventional methods of obtaining groundwater samples for chemical analysis have not been altogether satisfactory. In obtaining representative groundwater samples for chemical analysis, current practice can require that a pump is lowered into a well or borehole (sometimes also referred to herein as a “groundwater source” or simply as a “fluid source”) for the purpose of collecting a groundwater sample. When the pump reaches the required set depth, the pump can then be actuated by the operator at the ground surface. 
     The current procedures for how the samples are collected for VOC analysis vary when using pumps. For some projects, low flow purge and sampling methods are used. For other projects, three to five wet casing volumes are removed from the groundwater source prior to collecting a sample with the pump. Once the required volume has been purged and/or when stabilization parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, specific conductivity and turbidity are reached, the field technician can then orient the discharge from the sample return line towards the bottle(s) or sample vial(s) that need to be filled. It is during the transfer of groundwater from the pump&#39;s sample return line tube to the vial container at the ground surface where a large percentage of the dissolved VOCs are exsolved from solution due to the inherent vapor pressure of the organic molecules. Once the resident environment is breached, destabilization of the groundwater equilibrium in which the organic molecule resides begins to occur. In particular, current practice requires that a sampling device is lowered into a well or borehole, i.e. a fluid source, for the purpose of collecting a groundwater or other fluid sample. Once the apparatus is filled with the fluid, the device is then retrieved back to the surface. At the ground surface, the operator then decants the fluid sample from the sampling device and transfers the fluid into a different container in preparation for laboratory analysis. However, disturbance and degradation of the sample can occur during the retrieval of the samples to the surface as well as during the transfer to another container at the surface. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention is directed toward a fluid sample collection system for directly collecting a fluid sample from a fluid source without exposing the fluid sample to an ambient environment that surrounds the fluid sample collection system. In certain embodiments, the fluid source can be a borehole or a well, a lake, a pond, a river, or another suitable fluid source. In various embodiments, the fluid sample collection system includes a fluid collector and a fluid line. The fluid collector includes (i) a sample vial that is configured to retain fluid from the fluid source, the sample vial including a sample vial body and a vial cap that is selectively coupled and sealed to the sample vial body; (ii) a collector body that defines a passenger vial chamber, the sample vial being positioned at least partially within the passenger vial chamber during collection of the fluid; and (iii) a cap access facilitator that is configured to engage a portion of the sample vial to enable a user to selectively couple the vial cap to the sample vial body to seal the sample vial so that the fluid is retained within the sample vial. The fluid line extends between the fluid source and the fluid collector. The fluid line is configured to substantially directly transmit the fluid sample to the fluid collector without exposing the fluid sample to the ambient environment that surrounds the fluid sample collection system. 
     In some embodiments, the sample vial further includes a cap holder that is coupled to the vial cap. In certain such embodiments, the cap access facilitator is configured to selectively engage and retain the cap holder during selective coupling between the vial cap and the sample vial body. 
     In certain embodiments, the collector body includes a vial aperture, and the sample vial is moved into and out of the passenger vial chamber through the vial aperture. In such embodiments, the fluid collector can further include a vial aperture seal that seals a connection between the sample vial and the collector body adjacent to the vial aperture when the sample vial is positioned at least partially within the passenger vial chamber. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the collector body further defines an antechamber that is positioned substantially adjacent to the passenger vial chamber. The antechamber is configured to provide access to the cap access facilitator for the user. In such embodiments, the antechamber is not in fluid communication with the passenger vial chamber. 
     In certain embodiments, the fluid sample collection system further includes a pump that pumps the fluid out of the fluid source and directs the fluid to the fluid collector via the fluid line. It is appreciated, however, that the fluid can be moved from the fluid source to the fluid collector in another suitable manner, i.e. other than through the use of a pump. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid sample collection system further includes a fluid pass-through vessel that is configured to extend through an aperture in the collector body, the fluid pass-through vessel providing a conduit through which the fluid flows from outside the collector body and into the sample vial body. In some such embodiments, the fluid enters the fluid pass-through vessel after the fluid has been removed from the fluid source, but prior to the fluid entering the sample vial body. Additionally, the fluid collector can further include a system fluid inflow conduit that is configured to be positioned within and extend through the aperture in the collector body. In such embodiments, the fluid pass-through vessel is configured to extend through the system fluid inflow conduit. Further, in some embodiments, the fluid pass-through vessel includes a vessel distal end that is configured to be positioned near a bottom of the sample vial body. 
     In certain embodiments, the fluid line can be connected to the system fluid inflow conduit. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid sample collection system can further include a preservation assembly that is coupled in fluid communication to the fluid pass-through vessel, the preservation assembly being configured to selectively add a preservative to the fluid from the fluid source. 
     In certain embodiments, the fluid sample collection system further includes a fluid parameter testing system that is configured to receive excess fluid from the fluid collector. The fluid parameter testing system includes a sensor that is configured to sense at least one fluid parameter of the excess fluid that is received from the fluid collector. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, the fluid sample collection system further includes a second fluid collector that is coupled to the fluid collector, the second fluid collector including (i) a second sample vial that is configured to retain fluid from the fluid source, the second sample vial including a second sample vial body and a second vial cap that is selectively coupled and sealed to the second sample vial body; (ii) a second collector body that defines a second passenger vial chamber that is configured to selectively retain the second sample vial during collection of the fluid; and (iii) a second cap access facilitator that is configured to engage a portion of the second sample vial to enable a user to selectively couple the second vial cap to the second sample vial body to seal the second sample vial so that the fluid is retained within the second sample vial. In such embodiments, the fluid line is configured to substantially directly transmit a second fluid sample to the second fluid collector without exposing the second fluid sample to the ambient environment that surrounds the fluid sample collection system. 
     Additionally, in such embodiments, the fluid sample collection system can further include a distribution system that receives fluid from the fluid source via the fluid line, the distribution system being configured to distribute fluid to each of the fluid collector and the second fluid collector. 
     In certain embodiments, the passenger vial chamber is configured to selectively retain a plurality of sample vials simultaneously. Additionally, in some embodiments, the passenger vial chamber is formed from a non-rigid material. 
     The present invention is also directed toward a method for directly collecting a fluid sample from a fluid source without exposing the fluid sample to an ambient environment, the method including the steps of providing a fluid collector that includes a collector body that defines a passenger vial chamber; positioning a sample vial at least partially within the passenger vial chamber, the sample vial including a sample vial body and a vial cap that is selectively coupled and sealed to the sample vial body; substantially directly transmitting the fluid sample to the fluid collector with a fluid line that extends between the fluid source and the fluid collector such that the fluid sample is received and retained within the sample vial body without exposing the fluid sample to the ambient environment that surrounds the fluid sample collection system; and engaging a portion of the sample vial with a cap access facilitator to selectively couple the vial cap to the sample vial body to seal the sample vial so that the fluid is retained within the sample vial. 
     Additionally, in certain applications, the present invention is further directed toward a fluid sample collection system including (A) a fluid collector including (i) a sample vial that is configured to retain fluid from the fluid source, the sample vial including a sample vial body, a vial cap that is selectively coupled and sealed to the sample vial body, and a cap holder that is coupled to the vial cap; (ii) a collector body that defines a passenger vial chamber, the sample vial being positioned at least partially within the passenger vial chamber during collection of the fluid, the collector body further defining an antechamber that is positioned substantially adjacent to the passenger vial chamber, the antechamber not being in fluid communication with the passenger vial chamber; and (iii) a cap access facilitator that is configured to selectively engage and retain the cap holder of the sample vial to enable a user to selectively couple the vial cap to the sample vial body to seal the sample vial so that the fluid is retained within the sample vial, the antechamber being configured to provide access to the cap access facilitator for the user; (B) a fluid line that extends between the fluid source and the fluid collector, the fluid line being configured to substantially directly transmit the fluid sample to the fluid collector without exposing the fluid sample to the ambient environment that surrounds the fluid sample collection system; (C) a pump that pumps the fluid out of the fluid source and directs the fluid to the fluid collector via the fluid line; (D) a system fluid inflow conduit that is configured to be positioned within and extend through an aperture in the collector body, the system fluid inflow conduit being connected to the fluid line; (E) a fluid pass-through vessel that is configured to extend through the system fluid inflow conduit, the fluid pass-through vessel providing a conduit through which the fluid flows from outside the collector body and into the sample vial body, the fluid entering the fluid pass-through vessel after the fluid has been removed from the fluid source, but prior to the fluid entering the sample vial body; and (F) a fluid parameter testing system that is configured to receive excess fluid from the fluid collector, the fluid parameter testing system including a sensor that is configured to sense at least one fluid parameter of the excess fluid that is received from the fluid collector. 
     Further, the present invention is also directed toward a fluid sample collection system including (A) a fluid collector including (i) a sample vial that is configured to retain preserved fluid from the raw fluid source, the sample vial including a sample vial body and a vial cap that is selectively coupled and sealed to the sample vial body; (ii) a collector body that defines a passenger vial chamber, the sample vial being positioned at least partially within the passenger vial chamber during collection of the fluid; and (iii) a cap access facilitator that is configured to engage a portion of the sample vial to enable a user to selectively couple the vial cap to the sample vial body to seal the sample vial so that the fluid is retained within the sample vial; (B) a fluid mover that moves the raw fluid from the raw fluid source toward the fluid collector; (C) a system fluid inflow conduit that is configured to be positioned within and extend through an aperture in the collector body; (D) a fluid pass-through vessel that is configured to extend through the system fluid inflow conduit, the fluid pass-through vessel providing a conduit through which the fluid flows from outside the collector body and into the sample vial body, the fluid entering the fluid pass-through vessel after the fluid has been removed from the fluid source, but prior to the fluid entering the sample vial body; and (E) a preservative assembly that is in fluid communication with the fluid pass-through vessel, the preservative assembly being configured to selectively add preservative material to raw fluid from the raw fluid source to provide the preserved fluid. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, both as to its structure and its operation, will be best understood from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description, in which similar reference characters can refer to similar parts, and in which: 
         FIG. 1A  is a simplified schematic view illustration of a fluid source and an embodiment of a fluid sample collection system having features of the present invention that is positioned primarily outside of the fluid source; 
         FIG. 1B  is a simplified schematic view illustration of a portion of the fluid sample collection system illustrated in  FIG. 1A ; 
         FIG. 2A  is a partially exploded schematic view illustration of a portion of one embodiment of the fluid sample collection system, the fluid sample collection system including a fluid collector having a passenger vial chamber and a sample vial assembly that is shown in a first position relative to the passenger vial chamber; 
         FIG. 2B  is an exploded view illustration of the fluid collector illustrated in  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 2C  is a simplified schematic front view illustration of the portion of the fluid sample collection system illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the sample vial assembly being shown in a second position relative to the passenger vial chamber; 
         FIG. 2D  is a simplified schematic side view illustration of the portion of the fluid sample collection system illustrated in  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 2E  is a simplified schematic front view illustration of the portion of the fluid sample collection system illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the sample vial assembly being shown in a third position relative to the passenger vial chamber; 
         FIG. 3A  is a simplified schematic view illustration of an embodiment of the sample vial assembly and an embodiment of a cap access facilitator that is shown prior to engagement with a sample vial of the sample vial assembly; 
         FIG. 3B  is a simplified schematic view illustration of the sample vial assembly and the cap access facilitator illustrated in  FIG. 3A , with the cap access facilitator shown engaging the sample vial of the sample vial assembly; 
         FIG. 4A  is a simplified schematic view illustration of a portion of another embodiment of the fluid sample collection system; 
         FIG. 4B  is a sectional view of the portion of the fluid sample collection system taken on line  4 B- 4 B in  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 5A  is a simplified schematic view illustration of another embodiment of the sample vial assembly and another embodiment of a portion of the cap access facilitator that is shown prior to engagement with a sample vial; 
         FIG. 5B  is a simplified schematic illustration of the sample vial assembly and the portion of the cap access facilitator illustrated in  FIG. 5A , with the cap access facilitator shown engaging the sample vial; and 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified flowchart illustrating one representative example of the procedure for removing a fluid sample from a fluid source utilizing the fluid sample collection system. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention are described herein in the context of a fluid sample collection system (sometimes referred to herein as a “collection system”) and method for collecting fluid samples that have been removed from, e.g., pumped from, a fluid source. More particularly, the embodiments of the collection system and method described in detail herein help to provide much greater consistency during the collection of fluid samples, while inhibiting exposure of the fluid samples to undesired environmental influences. Thus, the embodiments of the collection system and method are able to provide greatly improved accuracy when evaluating the true level of contaminants within the fluid source. 
     Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following detailed description of the present invention is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other embodiments of the present invention will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure. Reference will now be made in detail to implementations of the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The same or similar nomenclature and/or reference indicators will be used throughout the drawings and the following detailed description to refer to the same or like parts. 
     In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations described herein are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer&#39;s specific goals, such as compliance with application-related and business-related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. 
       FIG. 1A  is a simplified schematic view illustration of a fluid source  10 , e.g., a groundwater production well or borehole in this particular application, and an embodiment of a fluid sample collection system  12  having features of the present invention that is positioned primarily outside of the fluid source  10 . 
     It is appreciated that although the collection system  12  and method disclosed herein is primarily illustrated and described for use with a groundwater well or borehole, the collection system  12  and method is equally usable with any type of fluid source  10 . For example, in addition to being usable in conjunction with a groundwater well or borehole, the collection system  12  and method can also be used to collect fluid samples from another type of fluid well, a lake, a pond, a river, a barrel, a tank, a pressure vessel, a canister, a container, a funnel, or any other suitable fluid source. Thus, the specific discussions herein of use of the collection system  12  and method in conjunction with a groundwater well or borehole is not intended to be limiting in any manner. 
     Additionally, it is further appreciated that embodiments of the collection system  12  as described herein can be used for various industrial applications, e.g., pharmacology, laboratory, beverages, etc., in addition to the noted use for collecting fluid samples for testing environmental conditions of fluid resources. 
     The fluid source  10  can be installed using any one of a number of methods known to those skilled in the art. In non-exclusive, alternative examples, the fluid source  10  can be installed with hollow stem auger, sonic, air rotary casing hammer, dual wall percussion, dual tube, rotary drilling, vibratory direct push, cone penetrometer, cryogenic, ultrasonic and laser methods, or any other suitable method known to those skilled in the art of drilling and/or well placement. 
     As illustrated, the fluid source  10  can be said to include a surface region  14  and a subsurface region  16 . The surface region  14  is an area that extends to and/or is positioned above a surface  18 . The surface  18  can either be a ground surface or the surface of a body of water or other liquid, as non-exclusive examples. The subsurface region  16  is the portion of the fluid source  10  that is below the surface  18  and below the surface region  14 , e.g., at a greater depth than the surface region  14 . 
     Additionally, as illustrated, the fluid source  10  includes a support casing  20  and a well screen  22 . The support casing  20  can be a hollow, generally cylinder-shaped structure that extends in a generally downward direction into the subsurface region  16  to help provide access to a fluid  24  (illustrated as a plurality of “x”s in  FIG. 1A , e.g., groundwater or other fluids, present within the subsurface region  16 . The support casing  20  can have any desired thickness and can be formed from materials such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), other plastics, fiberglass, ceramics, metal, or other suitable materials. Additionally, the length of the support casing  20  can be varied to suit the specific design requirements of the fluid source  10  and/or depending on the specific locations of the desired fluid  24  within the subsurface region  16 . Further, an inner diameter of the support casing  20  can vary depending upon the specific design requirements of the fluid source  10 . It is understood that although the support casing  20  is illustrated in  FIG. 1A  as being positioned substantially vertically, the support casing  20  and the other structures of the fluid source  10  can alternatively be positioned at any suitable angle relative to vertical. 
     The well screen  22  extends from and/or forms a portion of the support casing  20  within the subsurface region  16 . The well screen  22  can comprise a perforated pipe that provides an access means through which the fluid  24  enters the fluid source  10 . As illustrated, the well screen  22  is adapted to be positioned at a level within the subsurface region  16  in vertical alignment with and/or substantially adjacent to the fluid  24  within the subsurface region  16 . It is noted that although the well screen  22  is shown as extending in a substantially continuous manner adjacent to the fluid  24  within the subsurface region  16 ; the well screen  22  can alternatively be positioned in a more discretized manner, such that the well screen  22  is provided in a number of individual sections that are positioned only in vertical alignment with and/or substantially adjacent to certain portions of the fluid  24 . 
     The design of the collection system  12  can be varied depending on the specific requirements and characteristics of the fluid source  10 , and/or depending on the specific availability of the fluid  24 , e.g., groundwater or other fluid, within the subsurface region  16 . In various embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 1A , the collection system  12  includes a pump assembly  26 , a fluid distribution system  28  (sometimes referred to herein simply as a “distribution system”), at least one fluid collector  30 , and a fluid parameter testing system  32  (sometimes referred to herein simply as a “parameter testing system”). As illustrated in this embodiment, each of the distribution system  28 , the at least one fluid collector  30  and the parameter testing system  32  are positioned outside of the fluid source  10  during collection of the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10 . Alternatively, the collection system  12  can include more components or fewer components than those specifically illustrated in  FIG. 1A . For example, in certain non-exclusive alternative embodiments, the collection system  12  can be designed without the parameter testing system  32 . In still other non-exclusive alternative embodiments, where the collection system  12  only includes a single fluid collector  30 , the collection system  12  need not include the distribution system  28 . 
     As an overview, the collection system  12  is configured to collect one or more fluid samples  24 S (illustrated as a plurality of “x”s in  FIG. 2E ) from the fluid source  10  for purposes of testing and evaluating the true level of contaminants within the fluid source  10 . In particular, the design of the collection system  12  enables the collection of such fluid samples  24 S from the fluid source  10  in a manner that inhibits contact of the fluid sample  24 S with the ambient environment (or atmosphere) that surrounds the collection system  12 . With such design, the collection system  12  is able to achieve certain significant objectives, including, but not limited to: (1) prevention of loss or reaction to the ambient environment of volatile species within the fluid sample  24 S; (2) exclusion of sample contaminants that may be present in the ambient environment surrounding the fluid collectors  30 ; (3) enforcement of consistency of physical practice in the sampling method; and (4) reducing standard deviation in sample results by enforcing consistency. 
     The pump assembly  26  provides a means to selectively remove the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  to be collected as the desired fluid samples  24 S. The design of the pump assembly  26  can be varied. As illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the pump assembly  26  can include a pump  34 , and a fluid return line  36 . Alternatively, the pump assembly  26  can have a different design. 
     The collection system  12  can utilize any suitable type of pump  34  for purposes of pumping the fluid  24  out of the fluid source  10 , i.e. to provide the desired fluid samples  24 S. For example, in certain non-exclusive alternative embodiments, the pump  34  can be a line shaft turbine or electric submersible pump, a bladder pump, a variable frequency drive centrifugal submersible pump, a single valve parallel gas displacement pump, double valve pump, a progressive cavity pump, a piston pump (single-action or double-action), or a gear-driven pump. Alternatively, the pump  34  can be another suitable type of pump. 
     The fluid return line  36  is coupled to the pump  34 , and provides a conduit through which the fluid  24  that will comprise the fluid samples  24 S are moved from the fluid source  10  to the fluid distribution system  28  and/or the fluid collectors  30  without the fluid  24  being exposed to the ambient environment. Stated in another manner, the pump  34  and the fluid distribution system  28  and/or the fluid collectors  30  are in fluid communication via the fluid return line  36 . The fluid return line  36  can have any suitable design. For example, in certain non-exclusive embodiments, the fluid return line  36  can include a flexible tube that is coupled to and extends between the pump  34  and the distribution system  28  and/or the fluid collectors  30 . 
     Because the collection system  12  is generally described as being usable for collecting fluid samples  24 S from a fluid source  10  using a pump assembly  26 , the pump assembly  26  is generally considered to be a part of the collection system  12 . However, as the collection system  12  may also be usable to collect fluid samples  24 S from a fluid source  10  without the specific use of a pump, the collection system  12  need not include the pump in order for proper operation of the collection system  12 . For example, in one non-exclusive alternative embodiment, the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  can be moved to the distribution system  28  and/or the fluid collectors  30  via gravity feed from a tube in a manner that also inhibits contact of the fluid  24  with the ambient environment. Still alternatively, movement of the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  can utilize other methods such as tapping into a pressurized pipeline, vessel or municipal tap. As such, the pump assembly  26  or other suitable assembly for moving the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  to the distribution system  28  and/or the fluid collectors  30  can also referred to as a “fluid mover”. 
     The distribution system  28  receives the fluid samples  24 S from the fluid return line  36  of the pump assembly  26 , and distributes the fluid samples  24 S to each of the fluid collectors  30 . The design of the distribution system  28  can be varied to suit the requirements of the collection system  12 . As illustrated in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1A , the distribution system  28  includes a connector valve  38 , a distributor inlet  40 , a distribution line  42 , and at least one collector inlet line  44 . Alternatively, the distribution system  28  can include additional components or fewer components than those specifically illustrated and described herein. 
     The connector valve  38  provides the desired connection between the fluid return line  36  and the distributor inlet  40 . In certain embodiments, the connector valve  38  can be a one-way valve that selectively permits the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10 , e.g., the fluid samples  24 S, to flow from the fluid return line  36  into the distributor inlet  40 . By utilizing a one-way valve, the fluid samples  24 S are inhibited from flowing from the distribution system  28  back into the fluid return line  36 . Additionally, as provided herein, when it is determined that sufficient fluid  24  has been collected with the collection system  12 , i.e. into the fluid collectors  30 , to comprise the desired fluid samples  24 S, the connector valve  38  can then be closed to inhibit additional fluid  24  from entering into the distribution system  28 . 
     The distributor inlet  40  is a conduit through which the fluid  24  traverses from the fluid return line  36  to the distribution line  42 . The distribution line  42  then functions as a manifold to distribute the fluid  24  to each of the at least one collector inlet lines  44 . For example, in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the distribution line  42  distributes the fluid  24  to each of four collector inlet lines  44 , with each collector inlet line  44  being coupled to a separate fluid collector  30 . Alternatively, the distribution system  28  can include greater than four or fewer than four collector inlet lines  44  depending on the number of fluid collectors  30  that are included within the collection system  12 . For example, in certain non-exclusive alternative embodiments, the distribution system  28  can be configured to include one, two, three, five or six collector inlet lines  44 , when the collection system includes one, two, three, five or six fluid collectors  30 , respectively. The distributing or splitting of the fluid  24  among multiple collectors  30  enables the collection system  12  to collect multiple fluid samples  24 S substantially simultaneously. 
     It is appreciated that, as noted above, in embodiments that include only a single fluid collector  30 , the collection system  12  can be designed without the distribution system  28 , and the fluid return line  36  can be coupled substantially directly to the fluid collector  30 . 
     The fluid collectors  30  are configured to receive and retain the desired number of fluid samples  24 S from the fluid source  10 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1A , the collection system  12  includes four fluid collectors  30 , with each fluid collector  30  being configured to collect a single fluid sample  24 S at any given time. Alternatively, the collection system  12  can include greater than four or fewer than four fluid collectors  30 . Still alternatively, in other embodiments, any fluid collector  30  can be configured to collect more than one fluid sample  24 S at any given time, i.e. substantially simultaneously. The specific design and functionality of embodiments of the fluid collectors  30  will be described in greater detail herein below. 
     As provided herein, the fluid parameter testing system  32  is configured to receive some of the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  during collection of the desired fluid samples  24 S. Additionally, the fluid parameter testing system  32  is further configured to ensure stabilization within the parameters of the fluid samples  24 S, so as to further ensure that the fluid samples  24 S accurately reflect the true makeup of the fluid source  10 , e.g., the true level of contaminants within the fluid  24  found in the fluid source  10 . The design of the parameter testing system  32  can be varied to suit the requirements of the collection system  12 . In certain embodiments, as shown, the parameter testing system  32  includes a fluid parameter testing facilitator  46 , a fluid testing line  48 , and a parameter testing cell  50 . Alternatively, the parameter testing system  32  can include additional components or fewer components than those specifically illustrated and described herein. 
     The fluid parameter testing facilitator  46  is configured to receive portions of the fluid  24  that have flowed through and out of each of the fluid collectors  30 . Subsequently, the fluid parameter testing facilitator  46  combines such excess fluid from each of the fluid collectors  30  and directs the excess fluid toward the parameter testing cell  50  via a flow valve  46 A and the fluid testing line  48 . Stated in another manner, the fluid parameter testing facilitator  46  is in fluid communication with each of the fluid collectors  30  and with the parameter testing cell  50 . It is appreciated that the fluid parameter testing facilitator  46  can function in substantially the same manner regardless of the number of fluid collectors  30  that may be present within the collection system  12 , e.g., even if the collection system  12  only includes a single fluid collector  30 . 
     The parameter testing cell  50  then tests one or more parameters of the excess fluid to ensure stabilization of the one or more parameters, and thus stabilization of the fluid samples  24 S that are being collected from the fluid source  10 . In some embodiments, the parameter testing cell  50  can include at least one sensor  50 A (illustrated as a box in phantom) for sensing and testing the one or more fluid parameters of the fluid  24 . For example, in certain such embodiments, the at least one sensor  50 A can be configured to sense such fluid parameters as pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, and turbidity, as well as the presence or absence of any particular chemicals. 
     As noted, when the levels of such fluid parameters have become stabilized, i.e. the levels are not changing over time other than acceptable mild variations, it is appreciated that the fluid samples  24 S can then be accepted as a true and accurate representation of the actual component, e.g., including chemical and/or contaminant components, makeup of the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10 . Additionally, once such parameter stabilization has been achieved, the fluid samples  24 S can then be sealed within an appropriate portion of the fluid collectors  30  and sent for any suitable and desired laboratory testing of such fluid samples  24 S. 
     It is appreciated that, although the fluid parameter testing system  32  is illustrated in  FIG. 1A  as being coupled to an outflow portion of the collection system  12 , i.e. after the fluid  24  has flowed into and through the fluid collectors  30 , the fluid parameter testing system  32  can be alternatively coupled to an inflow portion of the collection system  12 , i.e. before the fluid  24  has flowed into and through the fluid collectors  30 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1A , in some embodiments, the collection system  12  can further include a preservation assembly  51  that may be included to selectively add preservatives to the fluid  24  to help preserve the integrity of the fluid samples  24 S that are being collected from the fluid source  10  and/or to extend the amount of time that the fluid samples  24 S can be held prior to laboratory analysis. More specifically, in such embodiments, the preservative can be added for various purposes including, but not limited to preservation, reaction, sterilization, or other physical or chemical interaction. For example, in such embodiments, the preservation assembly  51  can include a preservative reservoir  51 A that retains preservatives, and that is in fluid communication with the fluid return line  36 . The preservative can be provided in fluid form, particulate form, or another suitable form. Additionally, control of preservatives from the preservative reservoir  51 A into the fluid return line  36  can be controlled with a preservative valve  51 B. Further, or in the alternative, flow of preservatives from the preservative reservoir  51 A can be controlled and/or supplied by an active pumping mechanism, by gravity feed, or by a syringe or other pressure differential device. 
     In such embodiments, the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  can be referred to as a “raw fluid” from a “raw fluid source”; and the fluid with the preservative having been added thereto can be referred to as a “preserved fluid”. 
     Additionally, as further illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the combined flow of the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  and the preservative from the preservation assembly  51  can be controlled by the connector valve  38  of the distribution system  28 . Further, as noted, the distributor inlet  40 , the distribution line  42  (i.e. manifold), and collector inlet lines  44  can be used to split the combined flow of fluid  24  and preservative among the multiple collectors  30  to provide for the substantially simultaneous collection of multiple fluid samples  24 S. 
     It is appreciated that although the preservative assembly  51  is shown as being coupled to the fluid return line  36  between the pump  34  and the distribution system  28 , the preservative assembly  51  can alternatively be coupled to a different portion of the collection system  12 . For example, in one non-exclusive alternative embodiment, the preservative assembly  51  can be coupled to the collection system  12  within the distribution system  28 , e.g., can be coupled to the distributor inlet  40 , the distribution line  42  and/or the collector inlet lines  44 . Additionally, it is further appreciated that preservatives from the preservative reservoir  51 A can be added during or after the collection of the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10 . 
     Additionally, in certain embodiments, a portion of the collection system  12 , e.g., the fluid collectors  30 , can be supported by a device stand (not shown), e.g., a rack, a tripod, or the like) to inhibit the fluid collectors  30  from tipping over as well as to raise the fluid collectors  30  above a working surface so as not to allow surficial contact with the working surface to avoid being influenced by the surface temperature. 
       FIG. 1B  is a simplified schematic view illustration of a portion of the fluid sample collection system  12  illustrated in  FIG. 1A . In particular,  FIG. 1B  is a simplified schematic illustration of four fluid collectors  30 , i.e. a first fluid collector  30 A, a second fluid collector  30 B, a third fluid collector  30 C and a fourth fluid collector  30 D, that are coupled together, and that are further coupled to the fluid parameter testing facilitator  46  of the parameter testing system  32 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1B , each fluid collector  30 A- 30 B includes a system fluid inflow conduit  52 , a collector body  53 , and a sample vial assembly  56 . 
     The system fluid inflow conduit  52  provides an access point through which the fluid  24  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) passes from the collector inlet line  44  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) of the distribution system  28  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) into the collector body  53 . More specifically, in certain embodiments, the collector inlet line  44  can extend through the system fluid inflow conduit  52  into the collector body  53 . 
     The collector body  53  is configured to provide a housing around at least a portion of the sample vial assembly  56  during use of the collection system  12 . In particular, in the position shown in  FIG. 1B , for each fluid collector  30 A- 30 D, only a fairly small portion of the sample vial assembly  56  extends below and/or outside the general confines of the collector body  53 . 
     The various features of embodiments of the fluid collector  30  will be described in greater detail herein below. 
       FIG. 2A  is a partially exploded schematic view illustration of a portion of one embodiment of the fluid sample collection system  212 . In particular,  FIG. 2A  illustrates an embodiment of a fluid collector  230  that can be used within the collection system  212 . The design of the fluid collector  230  can be varied to suit the requirements of the fluid source  10  (illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) with which the collection system  212  is being used. In various embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 2A , the fluid collector  230  includes (i) a system fluid inflow conduit  252  (also sometimes referred to herein simply as an “inflow conduit”), (ii) a collector body  253  that defines and/or includes a passenger vial chamber  254  and an antechamber  255 , (iii) a sample vial assembly  256  including at least one sample vial  258  having a sample vial body  260 , a vial cap  262  and a cap holder  264 , and (iv) a cap access facilitator  266 . As illustrated, the sample vial  258  is shown in a first position relative to the collector body  253  and/or the passenger vial chamber  254 , i.e. with the sample vial  258  positioned completely outside the collector body  253  and completely outside the passenger vial chamber  254 . Additionally, or in the alternative, the fluid collector  230  can include more components or fewer components than those specifically illustrated and described herein. 
       FIG. 2A  further illustrates a portion of the fluid parameter testing system  232 , i.e. the fluid parameter testing facilitator  246 , that can be included as part of the collection system  212 . 
     The inflow conduit  252  provides an access point through which the fluid  24  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) from the fluid source  10  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) passes into the collector body  253  and/or the passenger vial chamber  254 . The design of the inflow conduit  252  can be varied to suit the requirements of the collection system  212 . In certain embodiments, the inflow conduit  252  can be a sealable plug that is configured to selectively fit within and extend through a fluid aperture  253 A that extends through the collector body  253  and into the passenger vial chamber  254 . Additionally, the inflow conduit  252  can be configured to receive a fluid pass-through vessel  268  (illustrated in  FIG. 2E ) through which the fluid  24  flows prior to the fluid  24  entering the sample vial  258 , i.e. the sample vial body  260 . More particularly, as shown, the inflow conduit  252  includes a conduit aperture  252 A through which the fluid pass-through vessel  268  can extend to enable the fluid  24  to flow from outside the collector body  253  to inside the collector body  253  and/or the passenger vial chamber  254  without the fluid  24  being adversely impacted by the ambient environment. 
     As above, the collector body  253  is configured to provide a housing around at least a portion of the sample vial assembly  256 . Additionally, in this embodiment, the collector body  253  defines and/or includes the passenger vial chamber  254  and the antechamber  255  that is positioned substantially adjacent to the passenger vial chamber  254  and/or substantially encircles the passenger vial chamber  254 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2A , the collector body  253  is substantially rectangular box-shaped and includes a top  253 B, a base  253 C, a plurality of sides  253 D, the fluid aperture  253 A and a vial aperture  253 E. Alternatively, the collector body  253  can have another suitable design and/or be another suitable shape, e.g., substantially cylinder-shaped. 
     Additionally, the collector body  253  can be made of any suitable materials. For example, in certain embodiments, the collector body  253  can be made from one or more of any type of plastic, steel, fiberglass, composites or any other suitable material. 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2A , the sample vial assembly  256  is configured to fit, at least in part, within the passenger vial chamber  254  that is formed into the collector body  253 . The design of the passenger vial chamber  254  can be varied. As shown in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the passenger vial chamber  254  can be substantially cylinder-shaped and can be configured to receive one sample vial  258  at least partially therein. Alternatively, the passenger vial chamber  254  can be configured to receive more than one sample vial  258  at least partially therein. 
     Additionally, in certain embodiments, the passenger vial chamber  254  can be formed from a non-rigid material, such that a flexible container is provided around the sample vial  258 . Alternatively, in other embodiments, the passenger vial chamber  254  can be formed from a more rigid material. 
     Further, as provided herein, the passenger vial chamber  254  can be configured to allow the fluid  24  to flow into, through, and out of the passenger vial chamber  254  during collection of the fluid samples  24 S. 
     The fluid aperture  253 A and the vial aperture  253 E can be positioned in any suitable manner about the collector body  253 . In this embodiment, the fluid aperture  253 A is configured to extend, at an angle, through one of the sides  253 D of the collector body  253 . Alternatively, in other embodiments, the fluid aperture  253 A can extend through the top  253 B or the base  253 C of the collector body  253 . 
     The vial aperture  253 E provides access for the sample vial  258  to move between the first position, where the sample vial  258  is positioned outside the collector body  253  (as shown in  FIG. 2A ), and a second position, where the sample vial  258  is positioned substantially within an interior of the collector body  253  (as shown in  FIG. 2C ). More specifically, the vial aperture  253 E provides access for the sample vial  258  into and out of the passenger vial chamber  254 . In one embodiment, the vial aperture  253 E can be configured to extend through the base  253 C of the collector body  253 . With this design, the sample vial  258  can be moved in a generally upward direction through the vial aperture  253 E as the sample vial  258  is moved from the first position to the second position. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the vial aperture  253 E can be configured to extend through another portion of the collector body  253 , i.e. through the top  253 B or one of the sides  253 D of the collector body  253 . 
       FIG. 2A  further illustrates a vial aperture seal  270 A, e.g., an O-ring, that can seal the vial aperture  253 E about the sample vial  258  when the sample vial  258  is positioned at least partially within the collector body  253 , i.e. at least partially within the passenger vial chamber  254 . The vial aperture seal  270 A provides a friction-type fit between the sample vial  258  and the collector body  253  so as to effectively hold the sample vial  258  at least partially within the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253 . Further, as provided herein, the vial aperture seal  270 A is configured to seal the connection between the sample vial  258  and the body chamber  254 B within the vial aperture  254 F to seal the environment within the antechamber  255 , i.e. between the passenger vial chamber  254  and the top  253 B, base  253 C and sides  253 D of the collector body  253 . As such, the vial aperture seal  270 A can inhibit ambient environmental factors from contacting and potentially adversely impacting (i.e. changing the component make-up of) the fluid  24  that is contained within the collector body  253  and/or within the sample vial  258 . 
     As provided herein, the antechamber  255  is a chamber that is provided within the collector body  253  and substantially adjacent to the passenger vial chamber  254 . In some embodiments, as shown, the antechamber  255  is a chamber that is provided between the passenger vial chamber  254  and the top  253 B, base  253 C and sides  253 D of the collector body  253 . In certain embodiments, the antechamber  255  can assist in the process of remotely closing and opening the sample vial  258  when the sample vial  258  is positioned within the passenger vial chamber  254  without substantially exposing the sample vial  258  to the external atmosphere surrounding the collection system  212 . For example, in some such embodiments, the antechamber  255  can help provide access to the cap access facilitator  266  and/or the sample vial  258  (i.e. when the sample vial  258  is positioned at least partially within the passenger vial chamber  254 ). 
     As noted above, in certain embodiments, the sample vial  258  includes the sample vial body  260 , the vial cap  262 , and the cap holder  264 . The sample vial body  260  and the vial cap  262  can be selectively coupled to one another to form a selectively sealed container in which the fluid samples  24 S (illustrated in  FIG. 2E ) can be collected for desired testing. In some embodiments, the vial cap  262  can be simply screwed onto and off of the sample vial body  260 . Alternatively, the vial cap  262  can be coupled to the sample vial body  260  in a different manner. 
     The cap holder  264  provides a means for facilitating the selectively coupling between the vial cap  262  and the sample vial body  260  when such coupling, or uncoupling occurs within the collector body  253  and/or within the passenger vial chamber  254 . In particular, in some embodiments, the cap holder  264  can be selectively engaged by the cap access facilitator  266  for purposes of facilitating the selective coupling or uncoupling of the vial cap  262  and the sample vial body  260 . For example, in certain such embodiments, the cap access facilitator  266  can engage the cap holder  264  so as to hold the cap holder  264  and thus the vial cap  262  in position as the sample vial body  260  is coupled to or uncoupled from the vial cap  262 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2A , the cap access facilitator  266  extends in a generally downward direction from the top  253 B of the collector body  253  and into an interior of the collector body  253 . More specifically, in such embodiment, the cap access facilitator  266  can extend in a generally downward direction into an upper portion of the passenger vial chamber  254 . In some embodiments, the cap access facilitator  266  is selectively fixed in position as shown within the interior of the chamber body  254 B. As such, the cap access facilitator  266  can easily engage the cap holder  264  of the sample vial  258  when the sample vial  258  has been moved from the first position to the second position. In addition to providing a hand grip for the cap holder  264 , the cap access facilitator  266  can further be configured to provide a travel stop to ensure the correct positioning of the cap holder  264  within the collector body  253 . As provided herein, the cap access facilitator  266  may be further configured to facilitate the transfer of fluid  24  out of the collector body  253 , e.g., to facilitate movement of the fluid  24  to the fluid parameter testing system  232 , or to another apparatus or process or part of the process stream, as desired. 
     It is appreciated that in some embodiments, the antechamber  255  can provide additional access to the cap access facilitator  266  for means of ensuring that the cap access facilitator  266  is maintained in the desired position during the selective coupling and uncoupling of the vial cap  262  and the sample vial body  260  while the sample vial  258  is positioned, at least in part, within the passenger vial chamber  254 . 
       FIG. 2B  is an exploded view illustration of the fluid collector  230  illustrated in  FIG. 2A . In particular,  FIG. 2B  illustrates the inflow conduit  252 , the collector body  253 , the sample vial  258  having the sample vial body  260 , the vial cap  262  and the cap holder  264 , and the cap access facilitator  266 , and certain additional features and components of the fluid collector  230 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2B , the inflow conduit  252  can be configured to extend through the fluid aperture  253 A in the collector body  253  to provide a sealed access point through which the fluid  24  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) from the fluid source  10  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) passes into the collector body  253  and/or into the passenger vial chamber  254  (illustrated in  FIG. 2A ). 
     Additionally,  FIG. 2B  further illustrates that the collector body  253  can further include a facilitator aperture  253 F through which the cap access facilitator  266  can be positioned to extend within the interior of the collector body  253 . As shown in this embodiment, the facilitator aperture  253 F can be formed in the top  253 B of the collector body  253 . Alternatively, the facilitator aperture  253 F can be formed in another part of the collector body  253 , e.g., the base  253 C or one of the sides  253 D of the collector body  253 . 
     Further, in addition to the vial aperture seal  270 A,  FIG. 2B  also illustrates a facilitator seal assembly  272 , e.g., a pair of O-rings that are configured to seal the connections between the cap access facilitator  266  and the collector body  253 , e.g., at the top  253 B of the collector body  253 , and between the cap access facilitator  266  and the cap holder  264 . 
     Still further, also shown in  FIG. 2B  is a parameter system inflow valve  274  that regulates flow of the fluid  24  from the fluid collector  230  to the fluid parameter testing system  232  (illustrated in  FIG. 2A ). 
       FIG. 2C  is a simplified schematic front view illustration of the portion of the fluid sample collection system  212  illustrated in  FIG. 2A . In particular, as noted above, in  FIG. 2C , the sample vial assembly  256  and/or the sample vial  258  of the fluid collector  230  has been moved to the second position relative to the collector body  253  and/or passenger vial chamber  254 . 
     As illustrated, when the sample vial  258  is in the second position, a majority of the sample vial  258  is positioned within the interior of the collector body  253  and/or the passenger vial chamber  254 . More specifically, as shown in  FIG. 2C , only a small portion of the sample vial  258  near the bottom the sample vial body  260  extends outside, and below, the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253 . It is appreciated that, in certain embodiments, when in the second position, the sample vial  258  extends far enough below the collector body  253  so that the bottom of the sample vial body  260  can be easily grasped by a user for purposes of manipulating the positioning of the sample vial  258 , e.g., rotating and/or moving translationally, relative to the collector body  253 . 
     Further, as shown, when the sample vial  258  is in the second position, the cap access facilitator  266  engages the cap holder  264  of the sample vial  258 . As provided herein, such engagement between the cap access facilitator  266  and the cap holder  264  enables the selective coupling and uncoupling between the sample vial body  260  and the vial cap  262 . More specifically, in some embodiments, the cap access facilitator  266  is maintained in a fixed position within the upper portion of the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253  so as to effectively hold the cap holder  264  and thus the vial cap  262  in a fixed position. This enables the user to manipulate, e.g., screw or unscrew, the sample vial body  260  relative to the vial cap  262  to selectively couple or uncouple the vial cap  262  from the sample vial body  260 . Additionally and/or alternatively, the operator can access the cap access facilitator  266  (and thus the cap holder  264  and the vial cap  262 ) via the antechamber  255  that surrounds the passenger vial chamber  254  to more effectively hold and maintain the position of the cap access facilitator  266  within the passenger vial chamber  254 . 
       FIG. 2D  is a simplified schematic side view illustration of the portion of the fluid sample collection system  212  illustrated in  FIG. 2A . More specifically, similar to  FIG. 2C ,  FIG. 2D  again illustrates the fluid collector  230  with the sample vial assembly  256  and/or the sample vial  258  being in the second position relative to the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253 . 
       FIG. 2E  is a simplified schematic front view illustration of the portion of the fluid sample collection system  212  illustrated in  FIG. 2A . In particular,  FIG. 2E  illustrates the sample vial assembly  256  and/or the sample vial  258  being shown in a third position relative to the collector body  253  and/or the passenger vial chamber  254 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2E , the vial cap  262  has been selectively removed or uncoupled from the sample vial body  260 . Additionally, the vial cap  262  and the cap holder  264  are shown as being retained by the cap access facilitator  266  within the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253 . For example, in one non-exclusive embodiment, the cap access facilitator  266  can engage the cap holder  264 , and then the sample vial body  260  can be rotated relative to the collector body  253 . As the cap holder  264  is being engaged, and held, by the cap access facilitator  266 , rotation of the sample vial body  260  relative to the collector body  253  results in rotation of the sample vial body  260  relative to the vial cap  262 . The sample vial body  260  can thus be uncoupled from the vial cap  262 . It is appreciated that the uncoupling of the sample vial body  260  from the vial cap  262  can be accomplished in a different manner, i.e. other than simply unscrewing the sample vial body  260  from the vial cap  262 . 
     Once the sample vial body  260  is uncoupled from the vial cap  262 , the sample vial body  260 , i.e. without the vial cap  262 , can be moved in a generally downward direction away from the vial cap  262  and further out of the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253  so that the sample vial  258  is now open and ready to receive fluid  24  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) from the fluid source  10  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ). 
     Also shown in  FIG. 2E  is the fluid pass-through vessel  268  through which the fluid  24  passes before entering the sample vial body  260 . In some embodiments, the fluid pass-through vessel  268  can include a portion of one of the collector inlet lines  44  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) or a portion of the fluid return line  36  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ). Alternatively, the fluid pass-through vessel  268  can be a fluid vessel, e.g., a tubular vessel, that is separate and distinct from both the collector inlet lines  44  and the fluid return line  36 . 
     As noted above, in some embodiments, the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  can be combined with a preservative from the preservation assembly  51  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) prior to the combined fluid  24  and preservative entering into the collector  230 . Additionally, in such embodiments, the preservation assembly  51  and/or the preservative can be in fluid communication with the fluid pass-through vessel  268 . In certain such embodiments, the preservative can be added to the fluid  24  directly within the fluid pass-through vessel  268 . Alternatively, the preservative can be added to the fluid  24  prior to the fluid  24  reaching the fluid pass-through vessel  268 . 
     In certain embodiments, the fluid pass-through vessel  268  can be configured and positioned to extend through a top opening  260 A of the sample vial body  260  and have a vessel distal end  268 A be positioned near a bottom  260 B of the sample vial body  260 . With such design, the fluid  24  will not splash significantly within and/or out of the sample vial body  260 , and, as such, excessive air bubbles will not be formed within the fluid sample  24 S to is collected within the sample vial body  260 . Additionally, the bottom fill nature of this arrangement ensures that any contamination present on the interior of the collector body  253  is not entrained within the sample vial body  260 . 
     During collection of the fluid sample  24 S, the fluid  24  can be allowed to continue flowing after the sample vial body  260  has become completely filled. As the fluid  24  continues to flow, the fluid  24  will also eventually fill up the interior of the passenger vial chamber  254 . The fluid  24  can then flow through the cap access facilitator  266 , and into the fluid parameter testing system  232  via the parameter system inflow valve  274  (illustrated in  FIG. 2B ). The fluid parameter testing facilitator  246  can then combine excess fluid from multiple sample vials  258  (if more than one sample vial  258  is being used within the collection system  212 ) and move the excess fluid to the parameter testing cell  50  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) via the fluid testing line  48  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ). The parameter testing cell  50  will then, as noted above, sense one or more parameters of the fluid  24  to ensure parameter stabilization. Once the fluid parameters have been stabilized, as confirmed by the parameter testing cell  50 , the flow of fluid  24  from the fluid source  10  can be stopped, and the fluid pass-through vessel  268  can be removed from the sample vial  258 . The sample vial body  260  can then be moved back to the second position, the sample vial body  260  can be moved, e.g., rotated, relative to the collector body  253 , such that the vial cap  262  can again be coupled and sealed to the sample vial body  260 . 
     At this time, the sample vial  258  can be removed from the passenger vial chamber  254  of the collector body  253  via the vial aperture  253 E. The cap holder  264  can then be removed from the vial cap  262  so that the sample vial  258  conforms to the requirements of standard autosampler laboratory equipment. The sealed sample vial  258  can then be appropriately labeled and shipped to a laboratory for any desired testing of the fluid samples  24 S. 
       FIG. 3A  is a simplified schematic view illustration of an embodiment of the sample vial assembly  356  and an embodiment of a cap access facilitator  366  that is shown prior to engagement with a sample vial  358  of the sample vial assembly  356 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3A , the sample vial  358  includes the sample vial body  360 , the vial cap  362  and the cap holder  364 . The design and functioning of the sample body  360 , the vial cap  362  and the cap holder  364  are substantially similar to what was illustrated and described herein above. Accordingly, a detailed description of such components will not be repeated herein. 
     Additionally, as noted, the cap access facilitator  366  is configured to selectively engage and retain the cap holder  364 . The design of the cap access facilitator  366  can be varied to suit the requirements of the collection system  212  (illustrated in  FIG. 2A ). 
       FIG. 3B  is a simplified schematic illustration of the sample vial assembly  356  and the cap access facilitator  366  illustrated in  FIG. 3A , with the cap access facilitator  366  shown engaging the sample vial  358  of the sample vial assembly  356 . More particularly, in  FIG. 3B , the sample vial  358  and the cap access facilitator  366  have been moved relative to one another so that the cap access facilitator  366  is now engaging and retaining (via a sealed engagement) the cap holder  364  of the sample vial  358 . 
       FIG. 4A  is a simplified schematic illustration of a portion of another embodiment of the fluid sample collection system  412 . As illustrated in this embodiment, the collection system  412  can include a fluid collector  430  having a collector body  453 , and a pressurization system  476  that is coupled in fluid communication to the collector body  453 . 
       FIG. 4B  is a sectional view of the portion of the fluid sample collection system  412  taken on line  4 B- 4 B in  FIG. 4A . In particular,  FIG. 4B  illustrates many detailed features and aspects that can be included within the fluid collector  430  and the pressurization system  476 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4B , the fluid collector  430  is somewhat similar to what was illustrated and described above in the previous embodiments, although the specific design, functioning and positioning of the various components of the fluid collector  430  are somewhat different than in the previous embodiments. For example, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4B , the fluid collector  430  includes a system fluid inflow conduit  452  (an “inflow conduit”), a collector body  453  that defines and/or includes a passenger vial chamber  454  and an antechamber  455 , a sample vial assembly  456  including at least one sample vial  458  (two are shown in  FIG. 4B ) having a sample vial body  460  and a sample vial cap  462 , and a cap access facilitator  466 . Additionally, the fluid collector  430  again includes a fluid pass-through vessel  468  through which the fluid  24  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) flows prior to the fluid  24  entering the sample vial  458 , i.e. the sample vial body  460 . However, in this embodiment, the fluid pass-through vessel  468  is provided in the form of a host container  468 B that is further defined by and/or included within the collector body  430 , in addition to the tubular vessel  468 C, e.g., a portion of one of the collector inlet lines  44  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ), a portion of the fluid return line  36  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ), or a separate tubular vessel, that is configured to extend into an interior of the collector body  430 . 
     As shown, the passenger vial chamber  454  is configured to selectively receive and retain the at least one sample vial  458 . For example, the passenger vial chamber  454  can include at least on vial receptacle  454 R, with each vial receptacle  454 R being configured to receive a sample vial  458 . In the case of two or more sample vials  458 , the sample vials  458  can reside inside the passenger vial chamber  454  in a side-by-side configuration or in an over-under configuration, i.e. stacked on top of one another. Other internal configurations for the sample vials  458  of the collection system  412  include vertically right-side up, vertically upside down, angled and horizontal within the passenger vial chamber  454 . It is appreciated that the passenger vial chamber  454  can be configured to selectively receive and retain any suitable number of sample vials  458 . 
     In this embodiment, the host container  468 B, the passenger vial chamber  454 , the antechamber  455 , and a deployment head  478  are selectively coupled to one another to make up the collector body  453 . As shown in  FIG. 4B , the collector body  453  is configured with the passenger vial chamber  454  positioned between the host container  468 B and the antechamber  455  while the collection system  412  is receiving fluid  24  that has been pumped with the pump  34  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) from the fluid source  10  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ). Stated in another manner, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4B , the uppermost compartment of the collection system  412  is referred to as the antechamber  455 ; the next lower compartment is referred to as the passenger vial chamber  454 ; and the lowest of the three compartments is referred to as the host container  468 B. As provided herein, the antechamber  455  allows one to remotely access the passenger vial chamber  454  to operate the cap access facilitator  466  within the passenger vial chamber  454  below the antechamber  455 . Additionally, in this embodiment, the deployment head  478  is selectively coupled to the antechamber  455 . Further, as provided herein, at certain times during the use of the collection system  412 , the various components of the collector body  453  can be uncoupled from one another, e.g., during removal of the sample vials  458  from within the collector body  453 . Alternatively, the collector body  453  and/or the components thereof can be configured in another manner than that illustrated in  FIG. 4B . 
     In this embodiment, the tubular vessel  468 C of the fluid pass-through vessel  468 , e.g., the fluid return line  36  (illustrated in  FIG. 1A ) that extends from the pump  34  to the fluid collector  430 , one of the collector inlet lines  44 , or a separate tubular vessel, is connected to the inflow conduit  452  at or near a base  479 A of the host container  468 B. Additionally, as shown, the base  479 A of the host container  468 B substantially coincides with the base  453 C of the collector body  453 . With such design, the fluid  24  can fill the host container  468 B from the bottom up. Thus, as noted above, in this embodiment, the tubular vessel  468 C and the host container  468 B work in conjunction with one another to function as the fluid pass-through vessel  468  through which the fluid  24  passes before entering the sample vial  458  and/or the passenger vial chamber  454 . 
     In some embodiments, the fluid  24  flows into the host container  468 B through the inflow conduit  452 , which can be regulated through the use of an inflow valve  452 A, e.g., a one-way valve, that is positioned adjacent to the inflow conduit  452  at or near the base  479 A of the host container  468 B. 
     As the fluid  24  continues to fill up the host container  468 B, the fluid  24  eventually reaches a top  479 B of the host container  468 B. The fluid  24  then continues to fill upwardly into the passenger vial chamber  454  through a chamber inflow regulator  480 , e.g., a one-way valve or other suitable type of valve, or a chamber aperture, at a chamber bottom  454 A. Thus, the fluid  24  flows into the passenger vial chamber  454  via the chamber inflow regulator  480  that is positioned at the chamber bottom  454 A. 
     Additionally, as the fluid  24  continues to flow upwardly into the passenger vial chamber  454  so as to fill the passenger vial chamber  454 , the fluid  24  further flows into the sample vial(s)  458 . More particularly, during the actual collection of the fluid samples  24 S (illustrated in  FIG. 2E ), the vial cap  462  is not coupled to the sample vial body  460  such that the sample vial body  460  is effectively open for purposes of receiving the fluid samples  24 S therein. Further, as the fluid  24  continues to flow into the passenger vial chamber  454  to fill the passenger vial chamber  454 , the atmosphere inside the passenger vial chamber  454  is displaced by the infilling fluid  24 . In such case, the displaced atmosphere can escape through a chamber top  454 B of the passenger vial chamber  454 , and can then travel through an upper chamber valve  481  at the chamber top  454 B and/or a vent  482  at a top  453 B of the collector body  453 . 
     The host container  468 B and the passenger vial chamber  454  can be made of any material including any type of plastic, steel, fiberglass, composites or any other suitable material and can have any diameter, height and geometric form. 
     With respect to fill detection of the host container  468 B and the passenger vial chamber  454 , and the sample vials  458  contained therein, there are several methods and/or apparatuses for doing so. For example, as the host container  468 B and passenger vial chamber  454  are filling with fluid  24  from the fluid source  10 , the atmosphere inside the host container  468 B and passenger vial chamber  454  are displaced by the infilling fluid  24 , moving from the bottom to the top of the collection system  412 . The displaced gas exits through the upper chamber valve  481  at the chamber top  454 B and/or the vent  482  located at the top  453 B of the collector body  453 . If there is no more atmosphere left inside the host container  468 B and the passenger vial chamber  454 , then only fluid  24  will exit through the upper chamber valve  481  and/or the vent  482 . Upon first arrival of fluid  24  exiting through the upper chamber valve  481  and/or the vent  482 , the pump  34  can be stopped, and/or the inflow valve  452 , the chamber inflow regulator  480  and/or the upper chamber valve  481  can be closed such that the host container  468 B and the passenger vial chamber  454  are sealed off from external atmospheric contact. If desired at this point, the collection system  412  can be re-pressurized in order to simulate the hydrostatic pressure at the sample depth of the pump  34 . 
     The antechamber  455  allows remote closure of the sample vials  458  within the passenger vial chamber  454 , i.e. through use of the cap access facilitator  466  as described below, without substantially exposing the sample vials  458  to the external atmosphere surrounding the collection system  412 . This configuration also inhibits fluid  24  from entering the antechamber  455  at any point in time—either before, during or after the sample vials  458  are filled with the fluid  24  to comprise the desired fluid samples  24 S. In certain embodiments, this can be accomplished through internally bypassing the antechamber  455  with a pressurization line  476 A that enters through the top  453 B of the collector body  453 , coaxially passes through the antechamber  455  entirely and then connects to a tube fitting  483  on an antechamber floor  455 A of the antechamber  455 . Therefore, the internal environment inside the pressurization line  476 A does not come into contact with the environment of the antechamber  455 . At the connection point, the pathway then continues through the antechamber floor  455 A of the antechamber  455  (simultaneously the chamber top  454 B of the passenger vial chamber  454 ) and terminates where the pressurization line  476 A exits into the passenger vial chamber  454  itself. 
     In certain embodiments, the collection system  412  can utilize the pressurization system  476  to provide a desired environment within the collector body  453 , i.e. to permit pressurization as well as depressurization when required. For example, in some such embodiments, the host container  468 B and/or the passenger vial chamber  454  can be pressurized with an inert gas, compressed air, or another suitable fluid prior to receiving the fluid  24  from the fluid source  10 . The desired inert gas, compressed air, or other suitable fluid can be provided into the passenger vial chamber  454  and/or the host container  458 B via the pressurization line  476 A, as regulated by a pressurization valve  476 B. The inert gas environment created inside the host container  468 B and/or the passenger vial chamber  454  has several advantages including reduction or elimination of an oxidizing environment in contact with the fluid sample  24 S that is being collected with the collection system  412 . Additionally, the inert gas from the pressurization system  476  can also be used to control the rate at which the sample vials  458  are being filled with the fluid samples  24 S. When the fluid sample  24 S is ready to be delivered by the pump  34  located at some depth inside the fluid source  10 , the host container  468 B and/or the passenger vial chamber  454  can be depressurized either completely or partially in order to allow the fluid sample  24 S to fill the sample vials  458  to a desired fill level. Once the sample vials  458  have reached the desired fill level, compressed gas can then be reintroduced and used to reconstitute simulation of the hydrostatic pore pressure from which the fluid sample  24 S was obtained. Alternatively, the collection system  412  can be utilized without the pressurization system  476 . 
     As shown, the internal pressure of the host container  468 B and the passenger vial chamber  454  are locked-in between the inflow valve  452 A and the chamber inflow regulator  480 , and/or between the chamber inflow regulator  480  and the upper chamber valve  481 . 
     Additionally, in certain embodiments, a portion of the collection system  412 , e.g., the fluid collector  430 , can supported by a device stand (not shown), e.g., a rack, a tripod, or the like) to inhibit the fluid collector  430  from tipping over as well as to raise the fluid collector  430  above a working surface so as not to allow surficial contact with the working surface to avoid being influenced by the surface temperature. 
     As provided herein, the cap access facilitator  466  can be configured to selectively access the vial cap  462  of the sample vial  458  to selectively open and close the sample vial  458 , i.e. so that the vial cap  462  is selectively coupled to and uncoupled from the sample vial body  460 . The design of the cap access facilitator  466  and the vial cap  462  can be varied. For example, in some embodiments, the cap access facilitator  466  and the vial cap  462  can formulate a slot and key system that assures that the sample vial body  460  and the vial cap  462  are correctly oriented within the vial receptacle  454 R. Correct orientation of the sample vial body  460  and the vial cap  462  within the vial receptacle  454 R inhibits potential cross-threading of the vial cap  462  when the vial cap  462  is remotely screwed onto the sample vial body  460 , and further inhibits air bubbles from entering a given fluid sample  24 S during packaging in the field and transport to a suitable laboratory. 
     Prior to collecting the fluid samples  24 S, the deployment head  478  is removed from the remainder of the collector body  453  to provide access to the interior of the antechamber  455 . In one embodiment, the antechamber floor  455 A of the antechamber  455  includes twist knobs  484  as part of the cap access facilitator  466  that can be operated with an Allen-wrench, screw driver, or another suitable tool. The twist knobs  484  are connected to a rotational armature  485  that extends through the antechamber floor  455 A of the antechamber  455 , passing through facilitator seal assembly  472 , e.g., a plurality of O-rings), and exits into the passenger vial chamber  454 . The bottom end fixtures for each rotational armature  485  include a vial cap clamp  486 . In certain embodiments, the vial cap  462  resides within the vial cap clamp  486 . The vial cap  462  is held in place with either a set screw  487  that is controlled from the side of the vial cap clamp  486 , or through an interlocking geometry. In various embodiments, one element to the vial cap clamp  486 , vial cap  462 , sample vial body  460  and vial receptacle  454 R is the use of the key and slot alignment system that orients each sample vial  458  into only a single loading position. For example, in one non-exclusive embodiment, the vial cap  462  contains two vertical slots that can be separated by approximately one hundred eighty degrees and can be oriented vertically along a height of the vial cap  462 . In one embodiment, the vial cap clamp  486  receives the vial cap  462  and contains internal vertical keys that fit into the slots and are also oriented at approximately one hundred eighty degrees apart. The sample vial  458  can have two vertical slots as well that run a vertical height of the sample vial  458 . The sample vial  458  can slide into the vial receptacle  454 R that contains the two corresponding keys that align with the vial slots. 
     When it is desired to open the sample vial  458  for purposes of receiving the desired fluid samples  24 S, the twist knobs  484  in the antechamber  455  are rotated, and the armature  485  as well as the vial cap clamp  486  rotates accordingly whereby the vial cap  462  is threaded off of the corresponding sample vial body  460 . In the embodiment illustrated and described herein, the twist knobs  484 , the rotational armatures  485 , the vial cap clamps  486 , and the set screws  487  can be said to be included as components of the cap access facilitator  466 . 
     Upon filling of the sample vials  458 , the deployment head  478  can again be removed from the remainder of the collector body  453  to again provide access to the antechamber  455 . Once the deployment head  478  is removed, the twist knobs  484  can again be accessed and operated. When the twist knobs  484  in the antechamber  455  are rotated, the armature  485  as well as the vial cap clamp  486  rotates accordingly whereby the vial cap  462  is threaded onto the corresponding sample vial body  460 . In so doing, atmospheric contact with the fluid samples is inhibited or prevented, direct human contact with the fluid  24  in the passenger vial chamber  454  and/or the sample vials  458  is inhibited or prevented, and transfer of fluid  24  from the sample vials  458  to another container prior to shipment to an analytical lab can be avoided. The key and slots for both the vial cap  462  and sample vial  458  section of the collection system  412  inhibit any rotational slippage during vial cap  462  rotation where it is being threaded on to the top of the sample vial body  460 . 
     The entire vial cap  462  and sample vial  458  design can also provide another benefit. When both the vial cap  462  and the sample vial body  460  of the sample vial  458  are completely submerged under fluid inside the passenger vial chamber  454  of the collection system  412 , there is a possibility that a few remaining air bubbles could reside inside the vial cap  462 . The process of threading the vial cap  462  onto the sample vial body  460  can force any remaining air bubbles to be removed from the vial cap  462  by displacement of the air bubbles by the sample vial body  460  and the threads of the vial cap  462 , and the volume of fluid  24  inside the passenger vial chamber  454  when the threads are fully mated together via the threading procedure. 
     As provided herein, in this embodiment, once the fluid  24  has been received into the collection system  412  and fills the sample vial(s) to provide the desired fluid sample(s)  24 S, the passenger vial chamber  454  and/or the antechamber  455  can be removed/detached from the host container  468 B without transfer of the fluid samples  24 S in the passenger vial chamber  454  to another container. The passenger vial chamber  454  can then be labeled (such as by a field technician) and placed inside of a shipment container for transportation to an analytical laboratory. Additionally, or in the alternative, in some embodiments, the sample vials  458  can be removed from the passenger vial chamber  454  and independently sealed, and the individual sample vials  458  can then be shipped to a laboratory for desired analysis. 
     Additionally, in one embodiment, each vial cap  462  contains a septum (not shown in  FIG. 5B ). One purpose of the septum is so that when the passenger vial chamber  454  reaches the lab, the sample vials  458  are then inserted into a receiving tray, typically one that can host many such sample vials  458 . A small sample of the fluid sample  24 S is extracted from each of the sample vials  458 , often times via a robotic arm that travels to each sample vial  458 , whereby, following the arrival, the robotic arm inserts a needle through the septum in order to extract a small subsample of the fluid sample  24 S inside the sample vial  458 . The sample is then analyzed by various methods. If the sample vials  458  are made from stainless steel, they typically can be reused by first applying proper cleaning methods before the reuse. 
       FIG. 5A  is a simplified schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sample vial assembly  456  and another embodiment of a portion of the cap access facilitator  466  that is shown prior to engagement with a sample vial  458  of the sample vial assembly  456 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , the sample vial  458  includes the sample vial body  460  and the vial cap  462 . Additionally, as noted above, the cap access facilitator  466  is configured to selectively engage and retain the vial cap  462 . 
       FIG. 5B  is a simplified schematic illustration of the sample vial assembly  456 , e.g., the sample vial  458 , and the portion of the cap access facilitator  466  illustrated in  FIG. 5A , with the cap access facilitator  466  shown in the process of coupling the vial cap  462  to the sample vial body  460 . 
       FIG. 6  is a simplified flowchart illustrating one representative example of the procedure for removing a fluid sample from a fluid source utilizing the fluid sample collection system. It is appreciated that the various steps illustrated and described herein can be performed in any suitable order, and any steps can be combined, omitted, and/or performed substantially simultaneously with any other steps without deviating from the intended breadth and scope of the present invention. 
     At step  601 , a sample vial with the vial cap secured to the sample vial body is inserted at least partially into a passenger vial chamber of a collector body of a fluid collector. In some embodiments, the sample vial is positioned in the passenger vial chamber via a vial access aperture that is formed in the collector body. 
     At step  603 , the vial cap is engaged by a cap access facilitator, and the vial cap is uncoupled from the sample vial body. 
     At step  605 , the sample vial body is moved within the passenger vial chamber, so that the sample vial body extends further outside of the passenger vial chamber and/or the collector body. 
     At step  607 , a system fluid inflow conduit is coupled to the collector body so as to extend through a fluid aperture formed in the collector body. Additionally, a fluid pass-through vessel is positioned to extend through a conduit aperture formed in the system fluid inflow conduit so that a vessel distal end of the fluid pass-through vessel is positioned near a bottom of the sample vial body. 
     At step  609 , a pump is positioned in a fluid source from which fluid samples are desired. A fluid return line is coupled to the pump and extends between the pump and the system fluid inflow conduit. Once the pump and the fluid return line are positioned as desired, the pump is activated so as to pump the fluid from the fluid source. 
     At step  611 , the fluid flows from the pump, through the fluid return line, through the fluid pass-through vessel and into the sample vial body, so as to fill the sample vial body with fluid from the fluid source. 
     At step  613 , the fluid is allowed to continue flowing to fill the passenger vial chamber. As the fluid continues to flow after the passenger vial chamber has been filled, the excess fluid is directed out of the passenger vial chamber toward a parameter testing system. One or more fluid parameters are sensed and/or tested in the excess fluid until such time as the fluid parameters become stabilized. At such time, the operator would be satisfied that the fluid sample in the sample vial retains no remnant characteristic of the sample vial or its initial atmosphere. 
     At step  615 , the pump is turned off or the fluid is otherwise stopped from flowing from the fluid source into the fluid collector. 
     At step  617 , the fluid pass-through vessel is removed from the sample vial body and/or is taken out of the collector body. The sample vial body is then moved within the passenger vial chamber back toward the vial cap. The vial cap is again accessed by the cap access facilitator so that the vial cap is effectively coupled and sealed to the sample vial body. 
     At step  619 , the sealed sample vial is removed from the passenger vial chamber and/or the collector body, e.g., via the vial access aperture. The sealed sample vial is then appropriately labeled and shipped to a suitable laboratory for any desired testing of the fluid samples retained therein. 
     It is understood that although a number of different embodiments of the fluid sample collection system  12  have been illustrated and described herein, one or more features of any one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of one or more of the other embodiments, provided that such combination satisfies the intent of the present invention. 
     While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments of the fluid sample collection system  12  have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.