Patent Publication Number: US-11653717-B2

Title: Shoes

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a shoe with improved heat dissipation properties. Specifically, the present invention relates to a shoe including an upper with improved heat dissipation properties. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Shoes are required to have heat dissipation properties as a basic function that is necessary for comfort in everyday life or during exercise (e.g., running, marathon, and other sports). From the viewpoint of the heat dissipation properties, most parts of a shoe upper are often made of breathable upper materials. In many cases, the back side of the upper has a structure without seams or unevenness of materials, taking into account the contact between the foot and the shoe. However, when the back side of the upper is free of unevenness, the upper will be in close contact with the foot. Therefore, even if the breathable upper materials are used, convection of gas such as sweat vapor is not likely to occur within the shoes, and the heat dissipation properties may be reduced. Moreover, it is not possible to accelerate the evaporation of sweat from the feet or socks when the convection of gas such as sweat vapor in the shoes is less active. This may result in foot discomfort, the development of blisters and swelling, poor performance, etc. Patent Document 1 proposes to form preferential passages for the sweat that moves away from the foot of the user toward the external edge of the upper of a shoe. The preferential passages are defined by a series of channels that are produced by a series of parallel ridges.
         Patent Document 1: JP 2017-518121 A       

     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     However, in Patent Document 1, the ridges and the channels are formed by three-dimensional fabrics. For this reason, the breathability of the upper needs to be improved further. 
     To solve the above problem, the present invention provides a shoe including an upper that improves the heat dissipation properties without impairing the contact between the foot and the shoe. 
     The present invention relates to a shoe including an upper, the upper including an instep cover that covers the instep of a foot. The instep cover includes an instep cover body and a tongue. Two or more protrusions that are configured to extend in use from the instep cover body toward the foot are located at least in a region between the MP joint and the talus in a side portion of the instep cover body. The protrusions are made of embroidery. The protrusions have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. A distance between each pair of adjacent protrusions is 2 mm or more in part of the region. 
     The present invention can provide a shoe including an upper that improves the heat dissipation properties without impairing the contact between the foot and the shoe. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic perspective view of a foot when viewed from the outside. 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic perspective view for explaining the heat dissipation properties of an upper in an example of the present invention. 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the heat dissipation properties of the upper. 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the heat dissipation properties of an upper in another example of the present invention. 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic perspective view of a shoe (left foot) of an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic developed view illustrating the back side of an upper of the shoe (which faces the foot). 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic developed view illustrating the front side of the upper of the shoe (which faces away from the foot). 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic perspective view of a shoe (left foot) of an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic developed view illustrating the back side of an upper of the shoe (which faces the foot). 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic developed view illustrating the front side of the upper of the shoe (which faces away from the foot). 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic plan view illustrating the surface of the upper that comes into contact with a sole. 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic perspective view of a shoe (left foot) of an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic developed view illustrating the back side of an upper of the shoe (which faces the foot). 
         FIG.  14    is a schematic developed view illustrating the front side of the upper of the shoe (which faces away from the foot). 
         FIG.  15    is a schematic plan view illustrating the surface of the upper that comes into contact with a sole. 
         FIG.  16    is a schematic plan view illustrating an example of protrusions located on the side of an upper facing the foot. 
         FIG.  17    is a schematic plan view illustrating an example of protrusions located on the side of an upper facing the foot. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present inventors conducted many studies on the upper of a shoe to improve the heat dissipation properties without impairing the contact between the foot and the shoe. As a result, the present inventors found that it was possible to improve the heat dissipation properties and also to maintain comfortable contact between the foot and the shoe when the upper satisfied the following conditions: (i) two or more protrusions that are made of embroidery and configured to extend in use from the instep cover body toward the foot (also referred to as “protrusions facing the foot” in the following) are located at least in a region between the MP joint and the talus in a side portion of the instep cover body; (ii) the protrusions facing the foot have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more; and (iii) a distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions is 2 mm or more in part of the region. 
     Embroidery has been conventionally applied to the upper of a shoe and mainly served as a means for controlling, e.g., the tensile properties and stretchability of a base layer of the upper (see, e.g., JP 2012-533404 A, JP 2016-198481 A, and WO 2018/236346). The present invention uses embroidery to form two or more protrusions that extend from the instep cover body toward the foot at least in the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body. The two or more protrusions have a predetermined size and a predetermined arrangement. With this configuration, the present invention can surprisingly improve the heat dissipation properties while maintaining comfortable contact between the foot and the shoe. In general shoes, the upper substantially adheres to the foot in the region between the MP joint  1  and the talus  2  (i.e., from the MP joint to the distal end of the talus), indicated by a broken line I and a broken line II shown in  FIG.  1   . Therefore, convection of gas such as sweat vapor is not likely to occur within the general shoes, and the heat dissipation properties are reduced. On the other hand, in the present invention, two or more protrusions having a predetermined size and a predetermined arrangement are formed with embroidery and extend from the instep cover body toward the foot in the above region between the MP joint and the talus. Due to the presence of the protrusions, a space can be created between the foot and the instep cover body when the shoe is worn. Thus, convection of gas such as sweat vapor in the shoes may become active, and the heat dissipation properties may be improved. In particular, the use of embroidery can increase the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the protrusions, so that the protrusions of any shape and any pitch can be located in any place and any direction. Moreover, the size (e.g., height or the like) of the protrusions can be set as desired, and the space can be appropriately created between the foot and the instep cover body. The formation of the protrusions using embroidery does not impair the contact between the foot and the shoe and also has a reinforcing effect. 
       FIG.  2    is a schematic perspective view for explaining the heat dissipation properties of an upper in an example of the present invention.  FIG.  3    is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the heat dissipation properties of the upper.  FIGS.  2  and  3    illustrate that the instep cover body is completely separated from the foot between the adjacent protrusions facing the foot.  FIG.  4    is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the heat dissipation properties of an upper in another example of the present invention.  FIG.  4    illustrates that the instep cover body is partially separated from the foot between the adjacent protrusions facing the foot. As shown in  FIGS.  2  to  4   , since two or more protrusions  4  with a predetermined size extend from the instep cover body  3  toward the foot  5 , a space  6  can be created between the foot  5  and the instep cover body  3  when the shoe is worn. Thus, convection of gas such as sweat vapor in the shoes becomes active, and the heat dissipation properties can be improved. If the height h of the protrusions  4  facing the foot is less than 0.5 mm, a space will not be created between the foot  5  and the instep cover body  3 . If the width W of the protrusions  4  facing the foot is less than 0.5 mm, a space will not be created between the foot  5  and the instep cover body  3 . If the length L of the protrusions  4  facing the foot is less than 2 mm, a space will not be created between the foot  5  and the instep cover body  3 . If there is no portion in which a distance S between each pair of the adjacent protrusions  4  is 2 mm or more, a space will not be created between the foot  5  and the instep cover body  3 . The length and the width of the protrusions facing the foot are the size in the longitudinal direction and the size in the width direction, respectively. 
     The protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may have a height of preferably 0.7 mm or more, and more preferably 0.9 mm or more, e.g., from the viewpoint of improving the heat dissipation properties. Furthermore, the protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may have a height of preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 8 mm or less, and further preferably 6 mm or less, e.g., from the viewpoint of facilitating comfortable contact between the foot and the shoe. The individual protrusions facing the foot may have the same height or different heights from each other. More specifically, the height of the protrusions facing the foot is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 0.6 mm or more and 8 mm or less, and further preferably 0.9 mm or more and 6 mm or less. The height of the protrusions facing the foot is measured under no-load conditions. Specifically, a space between a test stand and the instep cover body is observed by a microscope (digital microscope VHX-100F), and the height of the space is measured and defined as the height of the protrusions facing the foot. 
     The protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may have a width of preferably 4 mm or more, and more preferably 6 mm or more, e.g., from the viewpoint of facilitating comfortable contact between the foot and the shoe. Furthermore, the protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may have a width of preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 25 mm or less, and further preferably 20 mm or less, e.g., from the viewpoint of ease of improvement in the heat dissipation properties. The individual protrusions facing the foot may have the same width or different widths from each other. More specifically, the width of the protrusions facing the foot is preferably 2 mm or more and 30 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or more and 25 mm or less, and further preferably 6 mm or more and 20 mm or less. 
     The protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may have a length of preferably 5 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more, e.g., from the viewpoint of ease of improvement in the heat dissipation properties. Furthermore, the protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may have a length of preferably 80 mm or less, more preferably 60 mm or less, and further preferably 50 mm or less, e.g., from the viewpoint of facilitating comfortable contact between the foot and the shoe. The individual protrusions facing the foot may have the same length or different lengths from each other. More specifically, the length of the protrusions facing the foot is preferably 2 mm or more and 80 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or more and 60 mm or less, and further preferably 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less. 
     The distance between the adjacent protrusions facing the foot is not particularly limited. For example, from the viewpoint of ease of improvement in the heat dissipation properties, it is preferable that the distance between some of the adjacent protrusions is 2 mm or more and 85 mm or less, and it is more preferable that the distance between some of the adjacent protrusions is 3 mm or more and 20 mm or less. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ease of improvement in the heat dissipation properties, it is further preferable that the distance between all the adjacent protrusions is 2 mm or more and 85 mm or less, and it is particularly preferable that the distance between all the adjacent protrusions is 3 mm or more and 20 mm or less. The distance between the adjacent protrusions may be constant or changed along the entire length of the individual protrusions facing the foot. 
     The protrusions facing the foot are elongated in  FIG.  2   , but may have any shape that meets the above dimensions. For example, the protrusions facing the foot may be short. For example, the protrusions  4  facing the foot may be circular in plan view as shown in  FIG.  16   , quadrilateral (square etc.) in plan view as shown in  FIG.  17   , or of any other polygonal shape in plan view. When the protrusions facing the foot are circular in plan view, both the length and the width of each protrusion correspond to the diameter of the circle. 
     The protrusions facing the foot are not particularly limited, and may be made of at least one type of embroidery stitches selected from the group consisting of a satin stitch and a tatami stitch (fill stitch). The protrusions may extend not only toward the foot, but also toward the opposite side of the instep cover body from the foot. 
     The protrusions facing the foot may be composed of either embroidery threads alone or embroidery threads and a base material. The embroidery threads are not particularly limited, and may be, e.g., spun yarns or filament yarns. The base material is not particularly limited, and may be, e.g., a reinforcing material such as a reinforced nonwoven fabric usually used for embroidery. 
     In the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body, the area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1% or more and 50% or less, more preferably 5% or more and 45% or less, and further preferably 10% or more and 40% or less relative to the total area of the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body from the viewpoint of ensuring both the heat dissipation properties and the contact between the foot and the shoe. The area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot can be calculated by the following formula (1):
 
Area ratio of protrusions facing foot (%)= Ca/Ta× 100  (1)
 
     where Ta represents the total area of the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body and Ca represents the total area of the protrusions facing the foot. 
     In the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body, the air permeability of the portion including the protrusions facing the foot is not particularly limited, and is preferably 110 cc/cm 2 /sec or more, more preferably 130 cc/cm 2 /sec or more, and further preferably 150 cc/cm 2 /sec or more, as measured in accordance with the Frazier method, from the viewpoint of improving the heat dissipation properties. 
     In addition to the region between the MP joint and the talus, other portions of the instep cover body may also include protrusions that are made of embroidery and extend toward the foot. Moreover, the instep cover body may have other embroidered portions that extend only toward the opposite side of the instep cover body from the foot. 
     The instep cover body is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of improving the heat dissipation properties, the instep cover body is made of preferably a mesh fabric, more preferably a mesh fabric with an air permeability of 200 cc/cm 2 /sec or more, further preferably a mesh fabric with an air permeability of 250 cc/cm 2 /sec or more, and particularly preferably a mesh fabric with an air permeability of 300 cc/cm 2 /sec or more. In this case, the air permeability is measured in accordance with the Frazier method. 
     The mesh fabric is not particularly limited. Examples of the mesh fabric include warp knitted fabrics such as a single raschel fabric, a double raschel fabric, and a tricot fabric and weft knitted fabrics such as a plain knitted fabric and a circular knitted fabric. Through holes in the mesh fabric are not particularly limited, and may have a major axis of, e.g., 0.3 mm or more and 20 mm or less and a minor axis of, e.g., 0.3 mm or more and 20 mm or less. The major axis of a through hole means the length of the longest straight line connecting any two points on the perimeter of the through hole. The minor axis of the through hole means the length of the longest perpendicular line that is perpendicular to the major axis. The number of through holes in the mesh fabric is not particularly limited, and may be, e.g., 1 to 10000 per square inch. 
     The upper of a shoe is not particularly limited, and may further include members such as shoelace holes (also referred to as eyelets) in addition to the instep cover body and the tongue. The shoelace holes may be reinforced with, e.g., artificial leather. The upper may further include a sole cover that covers the whole sole of the foot. In this case, the upper has a bag-like shape with an opening for receiving the foot. This configuration further enhances the integration of the upper and the sole of the shoe. Different members of the upper may be made of either different materials or the same material. For example, the mesh fabric may be used for the sole cover and the tongue in terms of breathability and lightweight. 
     In the shoe, only the end portion of the tongue may be connected to the instep cover body. Alternatively, the tongue and the instep cover body may be joined to form a single unit. When the tongue and the instep cover body are joined together, the contact between the foot and the shoe can be more comfortable, and the fitting properties and the long-term wearability can also be improved. The tongue and the instep cover body may be joined as a single unit by sewing or preferably with the embroidery that covers the edge of the tongue and/or the instep cover body. This can improve the contact between the foot and the shoe, resulting in better fitting properties of the shoe with the instep of the foot. 
     In the shoe, the upper is attached to the sole. The method for attaching the upper to the sole is not particularly limited, and may be, e.g., a typical cemented construction method. The sole may be appropriately selected from general soles for shoes. 
     It is preferable that the tip, the heel, and the eyelets of the shoe are reinforced with artificial leather. The reinforcement of these members can maintain the shape and holding properties of the shoe. In this case, the heel does not need to be reinforced if a weight reduction of the shoe is truly required. Moreover, the surface of the upper of the shoe may be decorated as appropriate. The shoe may also have a shoelace. 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments shown in the drawings. 
       FIG.  5    is a schematic perspective view of a shoe (left foot) of an embodiment of the present invention.  FIG.  6    is a schematic developed view illustrating the back side of an upper of the shoe (which faces the foot).  FIG.  7    is a schematic developed view illustrating the front side of the upper of the shoe (which faces away from the foot). In this embodiment, a shoe  10  includes an upper  20  and a sole  30  to which the upper  20  is attached. 
     The upper  20  includes an instep cover  21  that covers the instep of the foot. The instep cover  21  includes an instep cover body  22  and a tongue  23 . Only the end portion of the tongue  23  is connected to the instep cover body  22  by sewing. 
     A plurality of protrusions  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  are formed with embroidery on the side of the instep cover body  22  facing the foot. The embroidered protrusions  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  penetrate the instep cover body  22 . Accordingly, a plurality of protrusions  25   a ,  25   b ,  25   c  corresponding to the protrusions  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c , respectively, are formed on the opposite side of the instep cover body  22  from the foot. 
     The protrusions  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  facing the foot are located at least in a region between the MP joint and the talus in a side portion of the instep cover body  22 . The protrusions  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. At least in the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body  22 , there is a portion in which a distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c  is 2 mm or more. The protrusions  25   a ,  25   b ,  25   c  on the opposite side may have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. 
     The instep cover  21  also includes shoelace holes  27  through which a shoelace  26  passes. The shoe  10  may include a toe reinforcement  40  and a heel counter  50 . The toe reinforcement  40  and the heel counter  50  may be made of, e.g., artificial leather. 
       FIG.  8    is a schematic perspective view of a shoe (left foot) of an embodiment of the present invention.  FIG.  9    is a schematic developed view illustrating the back side of an upper of the shoe (which faces the foot).  FIG.  10    is a schematic developed view illustrating the front side of the upper of the shoe (which faces away from the foot).  FIG.  11    is a schematic plan view illustrating the surface of the upper that comes into contact with a sole. In this embodiment, a shoe  100  includes an upper  110  and a sole  120  to which the upper  110  is attached. Moreover, the shoe  100  includes a toe reinforcement  130  and a heel counter  140 . 
     The upper  110  includes an instep cover  111  and a sole cover  112 . The inner sole cover  112   a  and the outer sole cover  112   b  are put together by sewing. The presence of the sole cover  112  further enhances the integration of the upper and the sole of the shoe, resulting in better fitting properties. 
     The instep cover  111  includes an instep cover body  121  and a tongue  122 . The instep cover body  121  and the tongue  122  are joined to form a single unit. Thus, the contact between the foot and the shoe becomes comfortable, and the fitting properties and the long-term wearability are improved. The instep cover body  121  and the tongue  122  are joined as a single unit with the embroidery that covers the edge of the instep cover body  121 . 
     The tongue  122  may be made of, e.g., a single raschel fabric. The single raschel fabric contains 5 to 15% by mass of elastic fibers (elastic yarns) and 85 to 95% by mass of non-elastic fibers (non-elastic yarns), has a weight per unit area of 300 g/m 2  or more and 550 g/m 2  or less, and has a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. The tongue  122  is disposed so that the longitudinal direction of the elastic fibers (elastic yarns) is oriented along the width direction of the foot. The elastic yarns may be, e.g., spandex yarns (monofilament, 140 dtex). The non-elastic yarns may be, e.g., polyester non-elastic yarns (multifilament, 48 filaments, 150 dtex). 
     A plurality of protrusions  123  are formed with embroidery on the side of the instep cover body  121  facing the foot. The embroidered protrusions  123  penetrate the instep cover body  121 . Accordingly, a plurality of protrusions  124  corresponding to the protrusions  123 , respectively, are formed on the opposite side of the instep cover body  121  from the foot. The protrusions  123  facing the foot are located at least in a region between the MP joint and the talus in a side portion of the instep cover body  121 . The protrusions  123  have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. The protrusions  124  on the opposite side may have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. At least in the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body  121 , there is a portion in which a distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions  123  is 2 mm or more. 
     The instep cover  111  also includes shoelace holes  126 ,  127  through which a shoelace  125  passes, and reinforcements  128  for the shoelace holes  126 . The shoelace holes  126  of a predetermined size may be provided in such a way that strings or the like having a predetermined thickness are partially integrated with the instep cover body  121  by using the embroidery that forms the protrusions  124 . The shoelace holes  127  may be formed by making holes of a predetermined size in the tongue  122  with embroidery. 
     The inner instep cover body  121  and the inner sole cover  112   a  are made of one piece of fabric. The outer instep cover body  121  and the outer sole cover  112   b  are made of one piece of fabric. 
       FIG.  12    is a schematic perspective view of a shoe (left foot) of an embodiment of the present invention.  FIG.  13    is a schematic developed view illustrating the back side of an upper of the shoe (which faces the foot).  FIG.  14    is a schematic developed view illustrating the front side of the upper of the shoe (which faces away from the foot).  FIG.  15    is a schematic plan view illustrating the surface of the upper that comes into contact with a sole. In this embodiment, a shoe  200  includes an upper  210  and a sole  220  to which the upper  210  is attached. Moreover, the shoe  200  includes a toe reinforcement  230  and a heel counter  240 . 
     The upper  210  includes an instep cover  211  and a sole cover  212 . The inner sole cover  212   a  and the outer sole cover  212   b  are put together by sewing. The presence of the sole cover  212  further enhances the integration of the upper with the sole of the shoe, resulting in better fitting properties. 
     The instep cover  211  includes an instep cover body  221  and a tongue  222 . The instep cover body  221  and the tongue  222  are joined to form a single unit. Thus, the contact between the foot and the shoe becomes comfortable, and the fitting properties and the long-term wearability are improved. The instep cover body  221  and the tongue  222  are joined as a single unit with the embroidery that covers the edge of the instep cover body  221 . 
     The tongue  222  may be made of, e.g., a single raschel fabric. The single raschel fabric contains 5 to 15% by mass of elastic fibers (elastic yarns) and 85 to 95% by mass of non-elastic fibers (non-elastic yarns), has a weight per unit area of 300 g/m 2  or more and 550 g/m 2  or less, and has a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. The tongue  222  is disposed so that the longitudinal direction of the elastic fibers (elastic yarns) is oriented along the width direction of the foot. The elastic yarns may be, e.g., spandex yarns (monofilament, 140 dtex). The non-elastic yarns may be, e.g., polyester non-elastic yarns (multifilament, 48 filaments, 150 dtex). 
     A plurality of protrusions  223  are formed with embroidery on the side of the instep cover body  221  facing the foot. The embroidered protrusions  223  penetrate the instep cover body  221 . Accordingly, a plurality of protrusions  224  corresponding to the protrusions  223 , respectively, are formed on the opposite side of the instep cover body  221  from the foot. The protrusions  223  facing the foot are located at least in a region between the MP joint and the talus in a side portion of the instep cover body  221 . The protrusions  223  have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. The protrusions  224  on the opposite side may have a height of 0.5 mm or more, a width of 2 mm or more, and a length of 2 mm or more. At least in the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body  221 , there is a portion in which a distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions  223  is 2 mm or more. 
     The instep cover  211  also includes shoelace holes  226 ,  227  through which a shoelace  225  passes, and reinforcements  228  for the shoelace holes  226 . The shoelace holes  226  of a predetermined size may be provided in such a way that strings or the like having a predetermined thickness are partially integrated with the instep cover body  221  by using the embroidery that forms the protrusions  224 . The shoelace holes  227  may be formed by making holes of a predetermined size in the tongue  222  with embroidery. 
     The inner instep cover body  221  and the inner sole cover  212   a  are made of one piece of fabric. The outer instep cover body  221  and the outer sole cover  212   b  are made of one piece of fabric. 
     The above embodiments are to be considered in all aspects as illustrative only and not limiting. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains would be able to make various embodiments using the principles of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present invention, by taking the above teaching into consideration, even if there is no explicit description of such embodiments in the present specification. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more derail by way of examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples. 
     First, the measurement methods used in the examples will be described. 
     (Air Permeability) 
     The air permeability was measured in accordance with the Frazier method. The measuring device was an air permeability tester FX 3300 (manufactured by TEXTEST) and the measuring pressure was 125 MPa. 
     (Protrusions Facing Foot) 
     The height of the protrusions facing the foot was measured under no-load conditions. Specifically, a space between a test stand and the instep cover body was observed by a microscope (digital microscope VHX-100F), and the height of the space was measured and defined as the height of the protrusions facing the foot. 
     The width and length of the protrusions facing the foot and the distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions were measured by a digital vernier caliper “ABS Solar Digimatic Caliper CD-S15CT (500-454)” manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation. The measurement range was 0 to 150 mm. 
     The height, width, and length of the protrusions facing the foot and the distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions were measured with the upper lying flat on the test stand before it was assembled to the sole. 
     (Area Ratio of Protrusions Facing Foot) 
     The total area Ta of the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body was measured and calculated. Moreover, the total area Ca of the protrusions facing the foot in the above region between the MP joint and the talus was measured and calculated. Then, the area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot was determined by the following formula (1):
 
Area ratio of protrusions facing foot (%)= Ca/Ta× 100  (1).
 
     The area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot was measured with the upper lying flat on the test stand before it was assembled to the sole. 
     Example 1 
     Shoes having an upper structure shown in  FIGS.  5  to  7    were produced. The instep cover body was made of a warp knitted fabric (single raschel fabric of 100% polyester, weight per unit area: 232 g/m 2 , air permeability: 515 cc/cm 2 /sec, major axis of through holes: 1.62 mm, minor axis of through holes: 1.09 mm, number of through holes: 146 per square inch). The tongue was made of a warp knitted fabric (double raschel fabric of 100% polyester, weight per unit area: 190 g/m 2 ). The embroidery thread was Sylco (product name, 100% polyester, fineness: 120 D) manufactured by Coats. Two types of embroidery stitches, i.e., a tatami stitch and a satin stitch were used. The weight of one shoe was 146 g. 
     In the instep cover body, the protrusion  24   a  had a height of 0.7 mm, a width of 2 mm, and a length of 5 to 56 mm, the protrusion  24   b  had a height of 0.65 mm, a width of 12 mm, and a length of 35 to 55 mm, and the protrusion  24   c  had a height of 0.7 mm, a width of 2 mm, and a length of 25 to 35 mm. In the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body, the distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions was 3 to 9 mm, and the area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot was 49%. Moreover, in the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body, the air permeability of the portion including the protrusions facing the foot was 117 cc/cm 2 /sec. In  FIG.  6   , the portion indicated by the broken line I and the broken line II corresponds to the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body. 
     Example 2 
     Shoes shown in  FIGS.  8  to  11    were produced. The instep cover body and the sole cover were made of a warp knitted fabric (single raschel fabric of 100% polyester, weight per unit area: 232 g/m 2 , air permeability: 515 cc/cm 2 /sec, major axis of through holes: 1.62 mm, minor axis of through holes: 1.09 mm, number of through holes: 146 per square inch). The tongue was made of a warp knitted fabric (double raschel fabric of 90% polyester and 10% spandex, weight per unit area: 402 g/m 2 ). The embroidery thread was Sylco (product name, 100% polyester, fineness: 120 D) manufactured by Coats. Two types of embroidery stitches, i.e., a tatami stitch and a satin stitch were used. The weight of one shoe was 177 g. 
     In the instep cover body, the protrusions  123  had a height of 0.9 mm, a width of 2 to 8 mm, and a length of 40 to 70 mm. In the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body, the distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions was 2 to 13 mm, and the area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot was 30%. In  FIG.  9   , the portion indicated by the broken line I and the broken line II corresponds to the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body. 
     Example 3 
     Shoes shown in  FIGS.  12  to  15    were produced. The instep cover body and the sole cover were made of a warp knitted fabric (single raschel fabric of 100% polyester, weight per unit area: 232 g/m 2 , air permeability: 515 cc/cm 2 /sec, major axis of through holes: 1.62 mm, minor axis of through holes: 1.09 mm, number of through holes: 146 per square inch). The tongue was made of a warp knitted fabric (double raschel fabric of 90% polyester and 10% spandex, weight per unit area: 402 g/m 2 ). The embroidery thread was Sylco (product name, 100% polyester, fineness: 120 D) manufactured by Coats. Two types of embroidery stitches, i.e., a tatami stitch and a satin stitch were used. The weight of one shoe was 171 g. 
     In the instep cover body, the protrusions  223  had a height of 0.7 to 0.9 mm, a width of 2 to 9 mm, and a length of 13 to 77 mm. In the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body, the distance between each pair of the adjacent protrusions was 2 to 15 mm, and the area ratio of the protrusions facing the foot was 37%. In  FIG.  13   , the portion indicated by the broken line I and the broken line II corresponds to the region between the MP joint and the talus in the side portion of the instep cover body. 
     Fifty-nine subjects wore the shoes of Examples 1 to 3 and conventional running shoes without embroidery (reference example), and did high-intensity exercise (consisting of 1 km interval (3′00″ to 3′10″) and 10 to 20 km running (3′10″ to 3′30″)). Then, the breathability, the contact between the foot and the shoe, and the development of blisters and swelling were evaluated based on the following criteria. Table 1 shows the results. 
     (Breathability) 
     The breathability of the shoes was rated on a four-point scale A to D. Interviews with the individual subjects were conducted to know which grade accounted for the highest percentage. 
     A: The shoes had particularly good breathability. 
     B: The shoes had good breathability. 
     C: The shoes had breathability. 
     D: The shoes appeared to be less breathable, or had poor breathability. 
     (Contact Between Foot and Shoe) 
     The contact between the foot and the shoe was rated on a two-point scale A to B. Interviews with the individual subjects were conducted to know which grade accounted for the highest percentage. 
     A: The contact between the foot and the shoe was good. 
     B: The contact between the foot and the shoe appeared to be less comfortable, or was bad. 
     (Development of Blisters and Swelling) 
     When the number of subjects who got blisters or swelling on their feet was less than three, the shoes were rated A. When three or more subjects got blisters or swelling on their feet, the shoes were rated B. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Example 
               
               
                   
                 Examples 
                 (running shoes  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 without embroidery) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Area ratio of protrusions  
                 49% 
                 30% 
                 37% 
                 0% 
               
               
                 facing foot 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Breathability 
                 C 
                 A 
                 B 
                 D 
               
               
                 Contact between foot and shoe 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Development of blisters  
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                 and swelling 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As can be seen from Table 1, each pair of shoes in Examples 1 to 3, which includes the protrusions facing the foot, has better breathability and is less likely to cause blisters and swelling, compared to the pair of shoes in Reference Example, which does not include any protrusions facing the foot. The reasons for this may be that the creation of the space between the foot and the upper due to the presence of the protrusions can improve the breathability of the shoes of Examples 1 to 3, and that stuffiness in the shoes can be reduced so that blisters and swelling are not likely to develop. 
     Table 1 also shows that despite the presence of the protrusions facing the foot, the contact between the foot and the shoe for each pair of shoes in Examples 1 to 3 is comparable to that for the running shoes without embroidery. The reason for this may be that the protrusions facing the foot are made of embroidery. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The shoes of one or more embodiments of the present invention can suitably be used for both daily life and exercise. 
     DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  MP joint 
           2  Talus 
           3 ,  22 ,  121 ,  221  Instep cover body 
           4 ,  24   a ,  24   b ,  24   c ,  123 ,  223  Protrusions facing foot 
           5  Foot 
           6  Space created between foot and instep cover body 
           10 ,  100 ,  200  Shoe 
           20 ,  110 ,  210  Upper 
           21 ,  111 ,  211  Instep cover 
           25   a ,  25   b ,  25   c ,  124 ,  224  Protrusions on opposite side 
           23 ,  122 ,  222  Tongue 
           26 ,  125 ,  225  Shoelace 
           27 ,  126 ,  127 ,  226 ,  227  Shoelace hole 
           30 ,  120 ,  220  Sole 
           40 ,  130 ,  230  Toe reinforcement 
           50 ,  140 ,  240  Heel counter 
           112 ,  212  Sole cover 
           112   a ,  212   a  Inner sole cover 
           112   b ,  212   b  Outer sole cover 
           128 ,  228  Reinforcement