Patent Publication Number: US-2005130913-A1

Title: Synergistic insecticidal mixtures

Description:
The present invention relates to new active compound combinations which contain firstly the known active compound thiacloprid and secondly at least one further known insecticidal active compound and which have very good insecticidal and acaricidal properties.  
      It is already known that thiacloprid, of the formula  
                 
 
 can be employed for controlling animal pests, in particular insects (cf. EP-A-0 235 725). While the activity of this compound is good, it leaves something to be desired in some cases when used at low application rates or against specific pests. 
 
      It has also been disclosed that the compounds abamectin (II) (DE 2 717 040) and emamectin (III) and/or emamectin benzoate (IIIa) (EP 089 202) can be used for controlling insects and/or acarina.  
      It has now been found that mixtures containing thiacloprid, of the formula (I)  
                 
 
 and at least one of the compounds (II), (III) and (IIIa) are synergistically active and are suitable for controlling animal pests. Owing to this synergism, markedly lower amounts of active compound may be used, that is to say the effect of the mixture exceeds the effect of the individual components. 
 
      The ratio of the compound of the formula (I) employed to the compounds of the formula (II), (III) or (IIIa), and the total amount of the mixture to be employed, depend on the species and the occurrence of the insects or acarina. The optimal ratios and overall rates used can be determined for each application by test series.  
      A preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active compound thiacloprid, of the formula (I), and abamectin (II). Abamectin is also known from “The Pesticide Manual”, 11 th  Edition, British Crop Protection Council, 1997, page 3. The terms abamectin and avermectin are used synonymously in the present patent application.  
      In this mixture, the ratio of the active compounds to each other may be varied within a substantial range. The weight ratio of thiacloprid to abamectin is preferably between 1:1 and 500:1, in particular between 5:1 and 25:1.  
      A further preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active compound thiacloprid, of the formula (I), and emamectin (III) and/or emamectin benzoate (IIIa). Emamectin and salts of emamectin are also known as MK-244 from Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 59 (1994), 7704-7708, U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,794, U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,710 and EP-0 089 202.  
      In this mixture, the ratio of the active compounds to each other may be varied within a substantial range. The weight ratio of thiacloprid to emamectin and/or emamectin benzoate is preferably between 1:1 and 500:1, in particular between 100:1 and 500:1. The active compound combinations are well tolerated by plants, demonstrate advantageous toxicity to warm-blooded species and are suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and nematodes, which are found in agriculture, in forestry, in the protection of stored products and materials and in the hygiene sector. They can preferably be employed as crop protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or individual developmental stages. The abovementioned pests include:  
      From the order of the Isopoda, for example,  Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio scaber.    
      From the order of the Diplopoda, for example,  Blaniulus guttulatus.    
      From the order of the Chilopoda, for example,  Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera  spp.  
      From the order of the Symphyla, for example,  Scutigerella immaculata.    
      From the order of the Thysanura, for example,  Lepisma saccharina.    
      From the order of the Collembola, for example,  Onychiurus armatus.    
      From the order of the Orthoptera, for example,  Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa  spp.,  Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus  spp.,  Schistocerca gregaria.    
      From the order of the Blattaria, for example,  Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica.    
      From the order of the Dermaptera, for example,  Forficula auricularia.    
      From the order of the Isoptera, for example,  Reticulitermes  spp.  
      From the order of the Phthiraptera, for example,  Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Trichodectes  spp.,  Damalinia  spp.  
      From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example,  Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.    
      From the order of the Heteroptera, for example,  Eurygaster  spp.,  Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma  spp.  
      From the order of the Homoptera, for example,  Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus  spp.,  Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus  spp.,  Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca  spp.,  Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus  spp.,  Psylla  spp.  
      From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example,  Pectinophora gossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria  spp.,  Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis  spp.,  Euxoa  spp.,  Feltia  spp.,  Earias insulana, Heliothis  spp.,  Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera  spp.,  Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris  spp.,  Chilo  spp.,  Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus  spp.,  Oulema oryzae.    
      From the order of the Coleoptera, for example,  Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica  spp.,  Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria  spp.,  Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus  spp.,  Sitophilus  spp.,  Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes  spp.,  Trogoderma  spp.,  Anthrenus  spp.,  Attagenus  spp.,  Lyctus  spp.,  Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus  spp.,  Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium  spp.,  Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes  spp.,  Conoderus  spp.,  Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus.    
      From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example,  Diprion  spp.,  Hoplocampa  spp.,  Lasius  spp.,  Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa  spp.  
      From the order of the Diptera, for example,  Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp.,  Culex  spp.,  Drosophila melanogaster, Musca  spp.,  Fannia  spp.,  Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia  spp.,  Chrysomyia  spp.,  Cuterebra  spp.,  Gastrophilus  spp.,  Hyppobosca  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Tannia  spp.,  Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia  spp.,  Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa, Hylemyia  spp.,  Liriomyza  spp.  
      From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example,  Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus  spp.  
      From the class of the Arachnida, for example,  Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus mactans, Acarus siro, Argas  spp.,  Ornithodoros  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Amblyomma  spp.,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Psoroptes  spp.,  Chorioptes  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Tarsonemus  spp.,  Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Hemitarsonemus  spp.,  Brevipalpus  spp.  
      The plant-parasitic nematodes include, for example,  Pratylenchus  spp.,  Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Heterodera  spp.,  Globodera  spp.,  Meloidogyne  spp.,  Aphelenchoides  spp.,  Longidorus  spp.,  Xiphinema  spp.,  Trichodorus  spp.,  Bursaphelenchus  spp.  
      All plants and plant types may be treated in accordance with the invention. Plants are understood as meaning, in the present context, all plants and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants including, naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and recombinant methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including, the plant varieties capable of protection or not by Plant Breeders&#39; Rights. Plant parts are understood as meaning all aerial and subterranean plants and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, shoots and seeds.  
      The treatment according to the invention of the plant and plant parts with the active compound combinations is effected directly or by application to the surroundings, environment or store by the customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, fogging, spreading, brushing, on and, in the case of propagation material, in particular seeds, furthermore by applying one or more coats.  
      The active compound combinations can be converted into the customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, granules, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with active compound, and microencapsulations in polymeric substances.  
      These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, that is, emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers.  
      In the case of the use of water as extender, organic solvents can, for example, also be used as cosolvents. Suitable as liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, as well as water.  
      Suitable solid carriers are: 
      for example ammonium salts and ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as highly disperse silica, alumina and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: for example non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, and protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are: for example lignin-sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.    

      Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations. Other additives can be mineral and vegetable oils.  
      It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.  
      The formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.  
      The active compound combinations according to the invention, in commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, may be present as a mixture with other active compounds such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaracides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators or herbicides. Insecticides include, for example, phosphoric esters; carbamates, carboxylic esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas, substances produced by microorganisms and the like.  
      Examples of suitable components in mixtures are the following:  
      Fungicides:  
     
         
          aldimorph, ampropylfos, ampropylfos-potassium, andoprim, anilazin, azaconazole, azoxystrobin,  
          benalaxyl, benodanil, benomyl, benzamacryl, benzamacryl-isobutyl, bialaphos, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate,  
          calcium polysulphide, capsimycin, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carvon quinomethionate, chlobenthiazone, chlorfenazole, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, clozylacon, cufraneb, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram,  
          debacarb, dichlorophen, diclobutrazole, diclofluanid, diclomezin, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinocap, diphenylamine, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, drazoxolon,  
          ediphenphos, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethirimol, etridiazole,  
          famoxadon, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenitropan, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, flumetover, fluoromid, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-alminium, fosetyl-sodium, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbonil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furmecyclox,  
          guazatine,  
          hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole, hymexazole,  
          imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadin, iminoctadin albesilate, iminoctadin triacetate, iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, irumamycin, isoprothiolan, isovaledione,  
          kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, copper preparations such as: copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, copper oxide, oxine-copper and Bordeaux mixture,  
          mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, meferimzone, mepanipyrim, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole methasulfocarb, methfuroxam, metiram, metomeclam, metsulfovax, mildiomycin, myclobutanil, myclozolin,  
          nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol,  
          ofurace, oxadixyl, oxamocarb, oxolinic acid, oxycarboxim, oxyfenthiin,  
          paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, phosdiphen, pimaricin, piperalin, polyoxin, polyoxorim, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidon, propamocarb, propanosine-sodium, propiconazole, propineb, pyrazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, pyroxyfur,  
          quinconazole, quintozene (PCNB),  
          sulphur and sulphur preparations,  
          tebuconazole, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tetcyclacis, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thicyofen, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tioxymid, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforin, triticonazole,  
          uniconazole,  
          validamycin A, vinclozolin, viniconazole,  
          zarilamid, zineb, ziram and  
          Dagger G,  
          OK-8705,  
          OK-8801,  
          α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-β-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,  
          α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-fluoro-β-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,  
          α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-methoxy-α-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,  
          α-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)-β-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylene]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol,  
          (5RS,6RS)-6-hydroxy-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-octanone,  
          (E)-α-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-phenoxyphenylacetamide,  
          1-isopropyl {2-methyl-1-[[[1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]carbonyl]propyl}-carbamate,  
          1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanone O-(phenylmethyl)-oxime,  
          1-(2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione,  
          1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-propenyl)-2,5-pyrrolidinedione,  
          1-[(diiodomethyl)sulphonyl]-4-methylbenzene,  
          1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole,  
          1-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyloxiranyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole,  
          1-[1-[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethenyl]-1H-imidazole,  
          1-methyl-5-nonyl-2-(phenylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinol,  
          2′,6′-dibromo-2-methyl-4′-trifluoromethoxy-4′-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,  
          2,2-dichloro-N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropane-carboxamide,  
          2,6-dichloro-5-(methylthio)-4-pyrimidinylthiocyanate,  
          2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)benzamide,  
          2,6-dichloro-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide,  
          2-(2,3,3-triiodo-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrazole,  
          2-[(1-methylethyl)sulphonyl]-5-(trichloromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole,  
          2-[[6-deoxy-4-O-(4-O-methyl-β-D-glycopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranosyl]amino]-4-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile,  
          2-aminobutane,  
          2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile,  
          2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide,  
          2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(isothiocyanatomethyl)acetamide,  
          2-phenylphenol(OPP),  
          3,4-dichloro-1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione,  
          3,5-dichloro-N-[cyano[(1-methyl-2-propynyl)oxy]methyl]benzamide,  
          3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl-1-oxo)-1H-indene-2-carbonitrile,  
          3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-3-isoxazolidinyl]pyridine,  
          4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-sulphonamide,  
          4-methyltetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one,  
          8-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-ethyl-N-propyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-2-methanamine,  
          8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate,  
          N-2-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-9H-xanthene-9-carbohydrazide,  
          bis-(1-methylethyl)-3-methyl-4-[(3-methylbenzoyl)oxy]-2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate,  
          cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol,  
          cis-4-[3-[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine hydrochloride,  
          ethyl [(4-chlorophenyl)azo]cyanoacetate,  
          potassium hydrogencarbonate,  
          sodium methanetetrathiolate,  
          methyl 1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate,  
          methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(5-isoxazolylcarbonyl)-DL-alaninate,  
          methyl N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-DL-alaninate,  
          N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide,  
          N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl)acetamide,  
          N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)acetamide,  
          N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-3-nitrobenzenesulphonamide,  
          N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidineamine,  
          N-(4-hexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidineamine,  
          N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)acetamide,  
          N-(6-methoxy)-3-pyridinyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide,  
          N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[(chloroacetyl)amino]ethyl]benzamide,  
          N-[3-chloro-4,5-bis(2-propinyloxy)phenyl]-N′-methoxymethaneimidamide,  
          sodium N-formyl-N-hydroxy-DL-alaninate,  
          O,O-diethyl [2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]ethylphosphoramidothioate,  
          O-methyl S-phenyl phenylpropylphosphoramidothioate,  
          S-methyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate,  
          spiro[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′(3′H)-isobenzofuran]-3′-one. 
 
 Bactericides: 
 
          bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracyclin, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other copper preparations. 
 
 Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides: 
 
          abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, alpha-cypermethrin, alphamethrin, amitraz, avermectin, AZ 60541, azadirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos A, azinphos M, azocyclotin,  
           Bacillus popilliae, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis , baculoviruses,  Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria tenella , bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, benzoximate, betacyfluthrin, bifenazate, bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, BPMC, bromophos A, bufencarb, buprofezin, butathiofos, butocarboxim, butylpyridaben,  
          cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap, chloethocarb, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos M, chlovaporthrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cloethocarb, clofentezine, clothianidin, cyanophos, cycloprene, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyromazine,  
          deltamethrin, demeton M, demeton S, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dichlorvos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dinotefuran, diofenolan, disulfoton, docusate sodium, dofenapyn,  
          eflusilanate, emamectin, empenthrin, endosulfan,  Entomophthora  spp., esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiprole, ethoprophos, etofenprox, etoxazole, etrimfos,  
          fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenitrothion, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyrad, fenpyrithrin, fenpyroximate fenvalerate, fipronil, fluazinam, fluazuron, flubrocythrinate, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flutenzine, fluvalinate, fonophos, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, fubfenprox, furathiocarb,  
          granulosis viruses  
          halofenozide, HCH, heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydroprene,  
          imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isazofos, isofenphos, isoxathion, ivermectin,  
          nuclear polyhedrosis viruses  
          lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron  
          malathion, mecarbam, metaldehyde, methamidophos,  Metharhizium anisopliae, Metharhizium flavoviride , methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoxyfenozide, metolcarb, metoxadiazone, mevinphos, milbemectin, monocrotophos,  
          naled, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron  
          omethoate, oxamyl, oxydemethon M  
           Paecilomyces fumosoroseus , parathion A, parathion M, permethrin, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimicarb, pirimiphos A, pirimiphos M, profenofos, promecarb, propargite, propoxur, prothiofos, prothoate, pymetrozine, pyraclofos, pyresmethrin, pyrethrum, pyridaben, pyridathion, pyrimidifen, pyriproxyfen,  
          quinalphos,  
          ribavirin  
          salithion, sebufos, silafluofen, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, sulfotep, sulprofos,  
          tau-fluvalinate, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimiphos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, temivinphos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, theta-cypernethrin, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiatriphos, thiocyclam hydrogenoxalate, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thuringiensin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, triarathene, triazamate, triazophos, triazuron, trichlophenidine, trichlorfon, triflumuron, trimethacarb,  
          vamidothion, vaniliprole,  Verticillium lecanii    
          YI 5302  
          zeta-cypermethrin, zolaprofos  
          (1R-cis)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]-methyl 3-[(dihydro-2-oxo-3 (2H)-furanylidene)methyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate  
          (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate  
          1-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-N-nitro-1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-imine  
          2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole  
          2-(acetyloxy)-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthalenedione  
          2-chloro-N-[[[4-(1-phenylethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide  
          2-chloro-N-[[[4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide  
          3-methylphenyl propylcarbamate  
          4-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentyl]-1-fluoro-2-phenoxybenzene  
          4-chloro-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[[2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]thio]-3 (2H)-pyridazinone  
          4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methylpropyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone  
          4-chloro-5-[(6-chlor-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3 (2H)-pyridazinone  
           Bacillus thuringiensis  strain EG-2348  
          N-[2-benzoyl-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)]benzohydrazide  
          2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl butanoate  
          N-[3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]cyanamide  
          dihydro-2-(nitromethylene)-2H-1,3-thiazine-3(4H)-carboxaldehyde  
          ethyl [2-[[1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-pyridazinyl]oxy]ethyl]carbamate  
          N-(3,4,4-trifluoro-1-oxo-3-butenyl)glycine  
          N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide  
          N-methyl-N′-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide  
          N-methyl-N′-2-propenyl-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide  
          O,O-diethyl [2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]ethylphosphoramidothioate  
       
    
      A mixture with other known active compounds such as herbicides, or with fertilizers and growth regulators, is also possible.  
      When used as insecticides, the active compound combinations according to the invention in commercially available formulations and in the use forms which are prepared from these formulations may furthermore be present as a mixture with synergists. Synergists are compounds by which the action of the active compounds is increased without it being necessary for the synergist added to be active itself.  
      The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations can vary within wide ranges. The active compound concentration of the use forms can amount to from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.  
      They are applied in a customary manner adapted to suit the use forms.  
      When applied against hygiene and stored-product pests, the active compound combinations are distinguished by outstanding residual action on wood and clay and by good stability to alkali on limed substrates.  
      The active compound combinations according to the invention are not only active against plant pests, hygiene pests and stored-product pests, but also, in the veterinary medicine sector, against animal parasites (ectoparasites) such as hard ticks, soft ticks, scab mites, harvest mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas. These parasites include:  
      From the order of the Anoplurida, for example,  Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp.,  Phtirus  spp.,  Solenopotes  spp.  
      From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example,  Trimenopon  spp.,  Menopon  spp.  Trinoton  spp.  Bovicola  spp.,  Werneckiella  spp.,  Lepikentron  spp.,  Damalina  spp.,  Trichodectes  spp.,  Felicola  spp.  
      From the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example,  Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp.,  Culex  spp.,  Simulium  spp.,  Eusimulium  spp.,  Phlebotomus  spp.,  Lutzomyia  spp.,  Culicoides  spp.,  Chrysops  spp.,  Hybomitra  spp.,  Atylotus  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Haematopota  spp.,  Philipomyia  spp.,  Braula  spp.,  Musca  spp.,  Hydrotaea  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Haematobia  spp.,  Morellia  spp.,  Fannia  spp.,  Glossina  spp.,  Calliphora  spp.,  Lucilia  spp.,  Chrysomyia  spp.,  Wohlfahrtia  spp.,  Sarcophaga  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Gasterophilus  spp.,  Hippobosca  spp.,  Lipoptena  spp.,  Melophagus  spp.  
      From the order of the Siphonapterida, for example,  Pulex  spp.,  Ctenocephalides  spp.,  Xenopsylla  spp.,  Ceratophyllus  spp.  
      From the order of the Heteropterida, for example,  Cimex  spp.,  Triatoma  spp.,  Rhodnius  spp.,  Panstrongylus  spp.  
      From the order of the Blattarida, for example,  Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, Supella  spp.  
      From the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the orders of the Metastigtnata and the Mesostigmata, for example,  Argas  spp.,  Ornithodorus  spp.,  Otobius  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Amblyomma  spp.,  Boophilus  spp.,  Dermacentor  spp.,  Haemophysalis  spp.,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Dermanyssus  spp.,  Raillietia  spp.,  Pneumonyssus  spp.,  Sternostoma  spp.,  Varroa  spp.  
      From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example,  Acarapis  spp.,  Cheyletiella  spp.,  Ornithocheyletia  spp.,  Myobia  spp.,  Psorergates  spp.,  Demodex  spp.,  Trombicula  spp.,  Listrophorus  spp.,  Acarus  spp.,  Tyrophagus  spp.,  Caloglyphus  spp.,  Hypodectes  spp.,  Pterolichus  spp.,  Psoroptes  spp.,  Chorioptes  spp.,  Otodectes  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Notoedres  spp.,  Knemidocoptes  spp.,  Cytodites  spp.,  Laminosioptes  spp.  
      The active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling arthropods which infest agricultural productive livestock such as, for example, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, honeybees, other domestic animals such as, for example, dogs, cats, caged birds, aquarium fish and what are known as experimental animals, such as, for example, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By controlling these arthropods, cases of death and reduced productivity (of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey and the like) should be diminished, so that more economic and simpler animal husbandry is possible by using the active compound combinations according to the invention.  
      The active compound combinations according to the invention are applied in the veterinary sector in a known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, potions, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through method, and suppositories, by parenteral administration, such as, for example, by injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and the like), implants, by nasal administration, by dermal use in the form of, for example, dipping or bathing, spraying, pouring on and spotting on, washing, dusting, and with the aid of active-compound-containing moulded articles such as collars, ear marks, tail marks, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like.  
      When used on livestock, poultry, domestic animals and the like, the active compounds may be used as formulations (for example powders, emulsions, flowables) which contain the active compounds in an amount of from 1 to 80% by weight, either directly or after 100- to 10 000-fold dilution, or they may be used as a chemical bath.  
      Moreover, it has been found that the active compound combinations according to the invention show a potent insecticidal action against insects which destroy industrial materials.  
      The following insects may be mentioned by way of example and with preference, but not by way of limitation:  
      Beetles such as 
       Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus  spec.,  Tryptodendron  spec.,  Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon  spec.,  Dinoderus minutus.      

      Dermapterans such as 
       Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur.      

      Termites such as 
       Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.      

      Bristletails such as  Lepisma saccharina.    
      Industrial materials in the present context are understood as meaning non-live materials such as, preferably, plastics, adhesives, glues, paper and board, leather, wood, timber products and paints.  
      The material which is to be protected from insect attack is very especially preferably wood and timber products.  
      Wood and timber products which can be protected by the composition according to the invention, or mixtures comprising it, are to be understood as meaning, for example:  
      Construction timber, wooden beams, railway sleepers, bridge components, jetties, vehicles made of wood, boxes, pallets, containers, telephone poles, wood lagging, windows and doors made of wood, plywood, chipboard, joinery, or timber products which quite generally are used in house construction or building joinery.  
      The active compound combinations can be used as such, in the form of concentrates or generally customary formulations such as powders, granules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions or pastes.  
      The abovementioned formulations can be prepared in a manner known per se, for example by mixing the active compounds with at least one solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersant and/or binder or fixative, water repellant, if desired desiccants and UV stabilizers, and if desired colorants and pigments and other processing auxiliaries.  
      The insecticidal compositions or concentrates used for protecting wood and timber products comprise the active compound according to the invention in a concentration of from 0.0001 to 95% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 60% by weight.  
      The amount of the compositions or concentrates employed depends on the species and the abundance of the insects and on the medium. The optimal quantity to be employed can be determined in each case by test series upon application. In general, however, it will suffice to employ from 0.0001 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight, of the active compound, based on the material to be protected.  
      A suitable solvent and/or diluent is an organochemical solvent or solvent mixture and/or an oily or oil-type organochemical solvent or solvent mixture of low volatility and/or a polar organochemical solvent or solvent mixture and/or water and, if appropriate, an emulsifier and/or wetter.  
      Organochemical solvents which are preferably employed are oily or oil-type solvents with an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30° C., preferably above 45° C. Such oily and oil-type solvents which are insoluble in water and of low volatility and which are used are suitable mineral oils or their aromatic fractions or mineral-oil-containing solvent mixtures, preferably white spirit, petroleum and/or alkylbenzene.  
      Mineral oils which are advantageously used are those with a boiling range of from 170 to 220° C., white spirit with a boiling range of from 170 to 220° C., spindle oil with a boiling range of from 250 to 350° C., petroleum and aromatics with a boiling range of from 160 to 280° C., oil of turpentine, and the like.  
      In a preferred embodiment, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of from 180 to 210° C. or high-boiling mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of from 180 to 220° C. and/or spindle oil and/or monochloronaphthalene, preferably α-monochloronaphthalene, are used.  
      The organic oily or oil-type solvents of low volatility and with an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30° C., preferably above 45° C., can be replaced in part by organochemical solvents of high or medium volatility, with the proviso that the solvent mixture likewise has an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30° C., preferably above 45° C., and that the insecticide/fungicide mixture is soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent mixture.  
      In a preferred embodiment, some of the organochemical solvent or solvent mixture is replaced by an aliphatic polar organochemical solvent or solvent mixture. Aliphatic organochemical solvents which contain hydroxyl and/or ester and/or ether groups are preferably used, such as, for example, glycol ethers, esters or the like.  
      Organochemical binders used for the purposes of the present invention are the synthetic resins and/or binding drying oils which are known per se and which can be diluted in water and/or dissolved or dispersed or emulsified in the organochemical solvents employed, in particular binders composed of, or comprising, an acrylate resin, a vinyl resin, for example polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin, polycondensation or polyaddition resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin, phenol resin, hydrocarbon resin such as indene/coumarone resin, silicone resin, drying vegetable and/or drying oils and/or physically drying binders based on a natural and/or synthetic resin.  
      The synthetic resin employed as binder can be employed in the form of an emulsion, dispersion or solution. Bitumen or bituminous substances may also be used as binders, in amounts of up to 10% by weight. In addition, colorants, pigments, water repellants, odour-masking agents, and inhibitors or anticorrosive agents and the like, all of which are known per se, can be employed.  
      In accordance with the invention, the composition or the concentrate preferably comprises, as organochemical binders, at least one alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin and/or a drying vegetable oil. Alkyd resins which are preferably used in accordance with the invention are those with an oil content of over 45% by weight, preferably 50 to 68% by weight.  
      Some or all of the abovementioned binder can be replaced by a fixative (mixture) or plasticizer (mixture). These additives are intended to prevent volatilization of the active compounds, and also crystallization or precipitation. They preferably replace from 0.01 to 30% of the binder (based on 100% of binder employed).  
      The plasticizers are from the chemical classes of the phthalic esters, such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate or benzyl butyl phthalate, phosphoric esters such as tributyl phosphate, adipic esters such as di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, stearates such as butyl stearate or amyl stearate, oleates such as butyl oleate, glycerol ethers or higher-molecular-weight glycol ethers, glycerol esters and p-toluenesulphonic esters.  
      Fixatives are based chemically on polyvinyl alkyl ethers such as, for example, polyvinyl methyl ether, or ketones such as benzophenone and ethylenebenzophenone.  
      Other suitable solvents or diluents are, in particular, also water, if appropriate as a mixture with one or more of the abovementioned organochemical solvents or diluents, emulsifiers and dispersants.  
      Particularly effective timber protection is achieved by industrial-scale impregnating processes, for example the vacuum, double-vacuum or pressure processes.  
      If appropriate, the ready-to-use compositions may additionally also contain further insecticides and also, if appropriate, one or more fungicides.  
      The active compound combinations according to the invention can at the same time be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, such as hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.  
      Fouling by sessile Oligochaeta, such as Serpulidae, and by shells and species from the Ledamorpha group (goose barnacles), such as various  Lepas  and  Scalpellum  species, or by species from the Balanomorpha group (acorn barnacles), such as  Balanus  or  Pollicipes  species, increases the frictional drag of ships and, as a consequence, leads to a marked increase in operation costs owing to higher energy consumption and additionally frequent residence in the dry dock.  
      Apart from fouling by algae, for example  Ectocarpus  sp. and  Ceramium  sp., fouling by sessile Entomostraka groups, which come under the generic term Cirripedia (cirriped crustaceans), is of particular importance.  
      Surprisingly, it has now been found that the active compound combinations according to the invention have an outstanding antifouling action.  
      Using the active compound combinations according to the invention, the use of heavy metals such as, for example, in bis(trialkyltin)sulphides, tri-n-butyltin laurate, tri-n-butyltin chloride, copper(I)oxide, triethyltin chloride, tri-n-butyl(Z-phenyl-4-chlorophenoxy)tin, tributyltin oxide, molybdenum disulphide, antimony oxide, polymeric butyl titanate, phenyl(bispyridine)bismuth chloride, tri-n-butyltin fluoride, manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc ethylene-bisthiocarbamate, zinc salts and copper salts of 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide, bisdimethyldithiocarbamoylzinc ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc oxide, copper(I) ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate, copper thiocyanate, copper naphthenate and tributyltin halides can be dispensed with, or the concentration of these compounds substantially reduced.  
      If appropriate, the ready-to-use antifouling paints can additionally contain other active compounds, preferably algicides, fungicides, herbicides, molluscicides, or other antifouling active compounds.  
      Preferably suitable components in combinations with the antifouling compositions according to the invention are: 
      algicides such as     2-tert-butylamino-4-cyclopropylamino-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine, dichlorophen, diuron, endothal, fentin acetate, isoproturon, methabenzthiazuron, oxyfluorfen, quinoclamine and terbutryn;     fungicides such as     benzo[b]thiophenecarboxylic acid cyclohexylamide S,S-dioxide, dichlofluanid, fluorfolpet, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, tolylfluanid and azoles such as azaconazole, cyproconazole, epoxyconazole, hexaconazole; metconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole;     molluscicides such as     fentin acetate, metaldehyde, methiocarb, niclosamid, thiodicarb and trimethacarb; or conventional antifouling active compounds such as 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, diiodomethylparatryl sulphone, 2-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl; potassium, copper, sodium and zinc salts of 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide, pyridine-triphenylborane, tetrabutyldistannoxane, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulphonyl)pyridine, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, tetramethylthiuram disulphide and 2,4,6-trichlorophenylmaleimide.    

      The antifouling compositions used contain the active compound in a concentration of from 0.001 to 50% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 20% by weight.  
      Moreover, the antifouling compositions contain the customary components such as, for example, those described in Ungerer,  Chem. Ind.  1985, 37, 730-732 and Williams, Antifouling Marine Coatings, Noyes, Park Ridge, 1973.  
      Besides the algicidal, fungicidal, molluscicidal and insecticidal active compounds, antifouling paints contain, in particular, binders.  
      Examples of recognized binders are polyvinyl chloride in a solvent system, chlorinated rubber in a solvent system, acrylic resins in a solvent system, in particular in an aqueous system, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer systems in the form of aqueous dispersions or in the form of organic solvent systems, butadiene/styrene/acrylonitrile rubbers, drying oils such as linseed oil, resin esters or modified hardened resins in combination with tar or bitumens, asphalt and epoxy compounds, small amounts of chlorine rubber, chlorinated polypropylene and vinyl resins.  
      If appropriate, paints also comprise inorganic pigments, organic pigments or colorants which are preferably soluble in salt water. Paints may furthermore comprise materials such as colophonium to allow controlled release of the active compounds. Furthermore, the paints may comprise plasticizers, modifiers which affect the rheological properties and other conventional constituents. The active compound combinations may also be incorporated into self-polishing antifouling systems.  
      The active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces such as, for example, dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be employed alone or in combination with other active compounds and auxiliaries in domestic insecticide products for controlling these pests. They are active against sensitive and resistant species and against all developmental stages. These pests include: From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example,  Buthus occitanus.    
      From the order of the Acarina, for example,  Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornthodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.    
      From the order of the Araneae, for example,  Aviculariidae, Araneidae.    
      From the order of the Opiliones, for example,  Pseudoscorpiones chelifer, Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.    
      From the order of the Isopoda, for example,  Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.    
      From the order of the Diplopoda, for example,  Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus  spp.  
      From the order of the Chilopoda, for example,  Geophilus  spp.  
      From the order of the Zygentoma, for example,  Ctenolepisma  spp.,  Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.    
      From the order of the Blattaria, for example,  Blatta orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora  spp.,  Parcoblatta  spp.,  Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuiliginosa, Supella longipalpa.    
      From the order of the Saltatoria, for example,  Acheta domesticus.    
      From the order of the Dermaptera, for example,  Forficula auricularia.    
      From the order of the Isoptera, for example,  Kalotermes  spp.,  Reticulitermes  spp.  
      From the order of the Psocoptera, for example,  Lepinatus  spp.,  Liposcelis  spp.  
      From the order of the Coleptera, for example,  Anthrenus  spp.,  Attagenus  spp.,  Dermestes  spp.,  Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia  spp.,  Ptinus  spp.,  Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.    
      From the order of the Diptera, for example,  Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles  spp.,  Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila  spp.,  Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus  spp.,  Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium  spp.,  Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.    
      From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example,  Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionelia. Tineola bisselliella.    
      From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example,  Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.    
      From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example,  Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula  spp.,  Tetramorium caespitum.    
      From the order of the Anoplura, for example,  Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis.    
      From the order of the Heteroptera, for example,  Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.    
      Application in the field of the domestic insecticides can also be effected in combination with other suitable active compounds such as phosphoric esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, growth regulators or active compounds from other known classes of insecticides.  
      They are used as aerosols, pressure-free spray products, for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose or polymer, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in baits for spreading or in bait stations.  
      When applying the active compound combinations according to the invention, the application rates can be varied within a substantial range, depending on the type of application. In the treatment of plant parts, the application rates of active compound combinations are generally between 0.1 and 10 000 g/ha, preferably between 10 and 1 000 g/ha.  
      The good insecticidal and acaricidal action of the active compound combinations according to the invention can be seen from the examples which follow. While the individual active compounds exhibit weaknesses with regard to the action, the combinations demonstrate an action which exceeds the simple summation of action.  
      Insecticides and acaricides always exhibit a synergistic effect when the action of the active compound combination exceeds the sum of the actions of the active compounds when applied individually.  
      Formula for Calculating the Synergistic Action of a Combination of Two Active Compounds  
      The action to be expected for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Carpenter, C. S., “Mammalian Toxicity of 1-Naphthyl-N methylcarbamate [Sevin Insecticide]”, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 9, No. 1, pages 30-39, 1961):  
      If 
      Pa stands for the proportion of active compound A,     Pb stands for the proportion of active compound B,     LC 50 (or 95) a indicates the concentration at which 50% (or 95%, respectively) of the specimens treated with active compound A are destroyed and     LC 50 (or 95) b indicates the concentration at which 50% (or 95%, respectively) of the specimens treated with active compound B are destroyed, 
 
 then the expected  
           LC     50   ⁢     (     or   ⁢           ⁢   95     )         ⁡     (     comb   .     )       =     1       Pa       LC     50   ⁢     (     or   ⁢           ⁢   95     )         ⁢   a       +     Pb       LC     50   ⁢     (     or   ⁢           ⁢   95     )         ⁢   b               
 
 If the calculated LC  50  (or  95 ) exceeds the value which has actually been achieved and is above the confidence interval, the combination displays superadditive action, i.e. a synergistic effect is present. 
   

    
    
     USE EXAMPLES  
     Example A  
       Heliothis armigera  Test  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Soya bean shoots (Glycine max) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with  Heliothis armigera  caterpillars while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the caterpillars have been destroyed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula (see previous page).  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE A                          plant-damaging insects         Heliothis armigera  test                     Active compounds   LC 50  after 6 days                                 Emamectin benzoate        0.007 ppm       known       Thiacloprid        3.178 ppm       known       Emamectin benzoate + Thiacloprid (1:500)   calc.**    1.667 ppm       in accordance with the invention   found*   0.0022 ppm                 found* = found effect            calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula             
 
     Example B  
       Phaedon  larvae Test  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Cabbage leaves ( Brassica oleracea ) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with mustard beetle larvae ( Phaedon cochleariae ) while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the beetle larvae have been destroyed; 0% means that no beetle larvae have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula.  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE B                          plant-damaging insects       Phaedon larvae test                     Active compounds   LC 50  after 6 days                                 Emamectin benzoate        0.026 ppm       known       Thiacloprid       12.391 ppm       known       Emamectin benzoate + Thiacloprid (1:100)   calc.**    2.169 ppm       in accordance with the invention   found*    0.026 ppm                 found* = found effect            calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula             
 
     Example C  
       Plutella  Test, Sensitive Strain  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Cabbage leaves ( Brassica oleracea ) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with diamond-back moth caterpillars ( Plutella xylostella , sensitive strain) while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the caterpillars have been destroyed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula.  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE C                          plant-damaging insects         Plutella  test, sensitive strain                     Active compounds   LC 95  after 6 days                                 Emamectin benzoate       0.0009 ppm       known       Thiacloprid        43.67 ppm       known       Emamectin benzoate + Thiacloprid (1:500)   calc.**    0.445 ppm       according to the invention   found*   0.0029 ppm                 found* = found effect            calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula             
 
     Example D  
       Plutella  Test, Resistant Strain  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Cabbage leaves ( Brassica oleracea ) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with diamond-back moth caterpillars ( Plutella xylostella , resistant strain) while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the caterpillars have been destroyed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula.  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE D                          plant-damaging insects         Plutella  test, resistant strain                     Active compounds   LC 95  after 6 days                                 Emamectin benzoate       0.0033 ppm       known       Thiacloprid        75.0 ppm       known       Emamectin benzoate + Thiacloprid (1:500)   calc.**    0.072 ppm       according to the invention   found*    0.003 ppm                 found* = found effect            calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula             
 
     Example E  
       Spodoptera frugiperda  Test  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether.  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Cabbage leaves ( Brassica oleracea ) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with army worm caterpillars ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the caterpillars have been destroyed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula.  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE E                          plant-damaging insects         Spodoptera frugiperda  test                     Active compounds   LC 50  after 6 days                                 Emamectin benzoate       0.0029 ppm       known       Thiacloprid        2.791 ppm       known       Emamectin benzoate + Thiacloprid (1:500)   calc.**    0.954 ppm       according to the invention   found*   0.0036 ppm                 found* = found effect            calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula             
 
     Example F  
       Phaedon  larvae Test  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Cabbage leaves ( Brassica oleracea ) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with mustard beetle larvae ( Phaedon cochleariae ) while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the beetle larvae have been destroyed; 0% means that no beetle larvae have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula.  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE F                          plant-damaging insects       Phaedon larvae test                             Active compounds   LC 95  after 6 days                                             Avermectin        0.345 ppm           known           Thiacloprid       41.096 ppm           known           Avermectin + Thiacloprid (1:5)   calc.**    1.984 ppm           according to the invention   found.*    0.318 ppm                         found* = found effect                calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula             
 
     Example G  
       Spodoptera frugiperda  Test  
     
         
          Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide  
          Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether  
       
    
      To prepare a suitable active compound preparation, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.  
      Cabbage leaves ( Brassica oleracea ) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and are populated with army worm caterpillars ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) while the leaves are still moist.  
      After the desired period, the destruction in % is determined. 100% means that all of the caterpillars have been destroyed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been destroyed. The destruction values determined are calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula.  
      In this test, a synergistically increased activity in comparison with the active compounds used individually was shown by the following active compound combination in accordance with the present application:  
               TABLE G                          plant-damaging insects         Spodoptera frugiperda  test                             Active compounds   LC 95  after 6 days                                             Avermectin       30.104 ppm           known           Thiacloprid       30.703 ppm           known           Avermectin + Thiacloprid (1:5)   calc.**   30.303 ppm           according to the invention   found.*    5.504 ppm                         found* = found effect                calc.** = effect calculated using Carpenter&#39;s formula