Patent Publication Number: US-11658101-B2

Title: Isolated temperature sensor device package

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to packaging semiconductor temperature sensor devices, and more particularly to packaging for semiconductor temperature sensors including electrical isolation. 
     BACKGROUND 
     For semiconductor temperature sensors, a semiconductor device includes components with a parameter that varies with temperature which can be used to develop a signal that varies predictably with temperature. The circuit is a temperature sensor. Semiconductor temperature sensors can use an impedance, capacitance, inductance or a transistor voltage threshold as a temperature sensor device, and circuitry can be implemented to output a signal, a current or voltage, that depends on the temperature sensor device and which varies with temperature. In an example a capacitance is used which has permittivity that varies with temperature. In another example, an impedance or pairs of impedances can be used with a current source in a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (“PTAT”) circuit. Delta-VBE temperature sensing using bipolar transistors with changes in a base-to-emitter voltage characteristic over temperature can be used. 
     When sensing temperature for high voltage applications, the semiconductor temperature sensor is exposed to the high voltage. Increasingly integrated devices are used for delivering increasing voltages, for example hundreds or thousands of volts, to a load. The area of a system where a temperature sensor is needed, for example a bus or a large conductor, may also have a high voltage on it. The semiconductor temperature sensor may not be capable of withstanding the electric field associated with the high voltage. Failures in the semiconductor temperature sensor can occur due to the dielectric breakdown voltage of the semiconductor device. Electrical isolation is needed for the temperature sensor device, even while the temperature sensor is thermally coupled to the conductor or bus, or other surface of interest. Optical sensors are sometimes used to achieve the electric isolation, however not all applications provide a signal that is appropriate for optical sensing. Improvements in semiconductor temperature sensors are needed. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an example an apparatus includes: a package substrate having a die pad configured for mounting a semiconductor die, a first lead connected to the die pad, and a second lead spaced from and electrically isolated from the die pad; a spacer dielectric mounted on the die pad; a semiconductor die including a temperature sensor mounted on the spacer dielectric; electrical connections coupling the semiconductor die to the second lead; and mold compound covering the semiconductor die, the die pad, the electrical connections, and a portion of the package substrate, with portions of the first lead and portions of the second lead exposed from the mold compound to form terminals for a packaged temperature sensor device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a projection view of a small outline integrated circuit (SOIC) semiconductor device package. 
         FIG.  2    is a projection view of a quad flat no-lead (QFN) semiconductor device package. 
         FIG.  3 A  is a projection view of a semiconductor wafer including semiconductor dies,  FIG.  3 B  is a projection view of a semiconductor die. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates, in a projection view, a semiconductor device package of an arrangement for a temperature sensor. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 E  illustrate in cross sectional views selected steps in forming a packaged temperature sensor in an arrangement. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates in a projection view a packaged temperature sensor of the arrangement coupled to a bus. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 B  are graphs that illustrate electric field strength simulation results for example arrangements. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates, in a cross section, another arrangement for a packaged temperature sensor in a QFN package. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates in a flow diagram a method for forming a packaged temperature sensor device of the arrangements. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts, unless otherwise indicated. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     Elements are described herein as “coupled.” As used herein, the term “coupled” includes elements that are directly connected, and elements that are electrically connected even with intervening elements or wires are coupled. 
     The term “semiconductor die” is used herein. As used herein, a semiconductor die can be a discrete semiconductor device such as a bipolar transistor, a few discrete devices such as a pair of power FET switches fabricated together on a single semiconductor die, or a semiconductor die can be an integrated circuit with multiple semiconductor devices such as the multiple capacitors in an A/D converter. The semiconductor die can include passive devices such as resistors, inductors, filters, or can include active devices such as transistors. The semiconductor die can be an integrated circuit with hundreds or thousands of transistors coupled to form a functional circuit, for example a microprocessor or memory device. The semiconductor die can be a passive device such as a sensor, example sensors include photocells, transducers, and charge coupled devices (CCDs). The semiconductor device can be a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device, such as a digital micromirror device (DMD). Semiconductor dies for power applications include a discrete power transistor, a gate driver to operate the power transistor, passives such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors needed to implement power circuitry, and intelligent power devices that include protective sensors such as inrush current sensors that add reliability and control to the system. In some applications, these devices may be fabricated of different semiconductor materials, and can be separate semiconductor dies that are mounted in a single device package. In the arrangements, a semiconductor die includes a temperature sensor. 
     The term “packaged electronic device” is used herein. A packaged electronic device has at least one semiconductor die electronically coupled to terminals and has a package body that protects and covers the semiconductor die. In some arrangements, multiple semiconductor dies can be packaged together. For example, a power metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistor (FET) semiconductor die and a second semiconductor die (such as a gate driver die or controller device die) can be packaged together to from a single packaged electronic device. Additional components such as passives can be included in the packaged electronic device. The semiconductor die is mounted to a package substrate that provides conductive leads, a portion of the conductive leads form the terminals for the packaged electronic device. The semiconductor die can be mounted to the package substrate with an active device surface facing away from the package substrate and a backside surface facing and mounted to the substrate. Alternatively, the semiconductor die can be flip-chip mounted with the active surface facing the substrate surface, and the semiconductor die is mounted to the leads of the substrate by conductive columns or solder balls. The packaged electronic device can have a package body formed by a thermoset epoxy resin in a molding process, or by the use of epoxies, plastics, or resins that are liquid at room temperature and are subsequently cured. The package body may provide a hermetic package for the packaged electronic device. The package body may be formed in a mold using an encapsulation process, however, a portion of the leads of the substrate are not covered during encapsulation, these exposed lead portions provide the exposed terminals for the packaged electronic device. 
     The term “package substrate” is used herein. A package substrate is a substrate arranged to receive a semiconductor die and to support the semiconductor die in a completed semiconductor package. Package substrates include conductive lead frames, which can be formed from copper, aluminum, stainless steel and alloys such as Alloy 42 and copper alloys. The lead frames can include a die pad for mounting the semiconductor die, and conductive leads arranged proximate to the die pad for coupling to bond pads on the semiconductor die using wire bonds, ribbon bonds, or other conductors. The lead frames can be provided in strips or arrays. Dies can be placed on the strips or arrays, the dies placed on a die pad for each packaged device, and die attach or die adhesive can be used to mount the dies to the lead frame die pads. Wire bonds can couple bond pads on the semiconductor dies to the leads of the lead frames. After the wire bonds are in place, a portion of the substrate, the die, and at least a portion of the die pad can be covered with a protective material such as a mold compound. 
     Alternative package substrates include pre-molded lead frames (PMLF) and molded interconnect substrates (MIS) for receiving semiconductor dies. These substrates can include dielectrics such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP) or mold compound and can include one or more layers of conductive portions in the dielectrics. The lead frames can include plated, stamped and partially etched lead frames, in a partially etched lead frame, two levels of metal can be formed by etching a pattern from one side of the metal lead frame, and then from the other side, to form full thickness and partial thickness portions, and in some areas, all of the metal can be etched to form openings through the partial etch lead frames. Repeated plating and patterning can form multiple layers of conductors spaced by dielectrics, and conductive vias connecting the conductor layers through the dielectrics, the dielectrics can be mold compound. The package substrate can also be tape-based and film-based substrates carrying conductors; ceramic substrates, laminate substrates with multiple layers of conductors and insulator layers; and printed circuit board substrates of ceramic, fiberglass or resin, or glass reinforced epoxy substrates such as FR4. 
     The term “quad flat no-lead” or “QFN” is used herein for a device package. A QFN package has leads that are coextensive with the sides of a molded package body and the leads are on four sides. Alternative flat no-lead packages may have leads on two sides or on one side. These can be referred to as “small outline no-lead” or “SON” packages. No lead packaged electronic devices can be surface mounted to a board. Leaded packages can be used with the arrangements where the leads extend away from the package body and are shaped to form a portion for soldering to a board. A dual in line package, or “DIP”, can be used with the arrangements. A thin DIP package arranged with leads for surface mounting can be referred to as a small outline integrated circuit or “SOIC” package. 
     The term “high voltage” is used herein. As used herein a “high voltage” is a voltage greater than 50 Volts. The arrangements can be used in systems where hundreds or thousands of volts are being delivered to a load. In an example, a 4 kVrms signal was used. Further, even in examples where average voltage is less than these levels, transients must be considered that much greater. In an example where a 300 Vrms level is expected on a signal or buss, a transient voltage of 2500 Vrms must be handled, since when a signal switches from off to on, or vice versa, a transient of that level can occur. Voltage isolation between isolated elements must be able to handle both the expected load voltages, and transients that can occur. 
     The term “spacer dielectric” is used herein. A spacer dielectric as used herein is a dielectric material that has a thermal conductivity of greater than 10 Watts per meter-Kelvin (W/mK). Some spacer dielectrics useful in the arrangements are ceramics, composites, or glasses. 
     In the arrangements, a semiconductor die including a temperature sensor is thermally coupled to an input and is provided in a semiconductor device package where the semiconductor die is electrically isolated from an input, which may be at a high voltage, by use of a thermally conductive spacer dielectric within the package. A die pad of a package substrate is coupled to a first input or group of inputs that may be used to sense temperature at a signal or surface. A spacer dielectric of a sufficient thickness to provide electrical isolation is mounted to the die pad. A semiconductor die including a temperature sensor is mounted to the spacer dielectric and is thermally coupled to the die pad. By arranging the spacer dielectric to be of sufficient thickness, the temperature sensor can be thermally coupled to a signal or surface for sensing the temperature, while the semiconductor die is electrically isolated from the surface or signal. Even in a case where a surface being sensed is at a high voltage, the semiconductor die is isolated from the electric field in the package due that can occur due to the high voltage. Additional input and output signals that are also electrically isolated from the die pad can be used to provide control and data signals for the temperature sensor. Temperatures that can be expected for semiconductor devices in power applications can exceed 250 degrees C., for example over 300 degrees C. Temperature sensors are often applied at portions of systems where these high temperatures may occur, to enable shutting down components when an over temperature condition is detected, for example. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates in a projection view a DIP package that is useful with certain arrangements. The DIP package can be a small outline integrated circuit (SOIC) package which is thinner and takes less space on an system board than other DIP packages. In  FIG.  1   , device package  101  has eight leads extending from a body formed by use of a mold compound. Mold compounds used in semiconductor packaging can be used with the arrangements, for example thermoset epoxy resin mold compound can be used to cover the semiconductor die, portions of a package substrate such as a lead frame, and portions of the leads. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates, in another projection view, a board side surface of a QFN package useful with the arrangements. In  FIG.  2   , the QFN package  201  has a body formed from mold compound, and a die pad with an exposed surface, as well as terminals near the die pad for coupling to a signal bus, conductor, trace or surface to be sensed, and terminals space from the die pad that are electrically isolated from the die pad. The QFN package  201  can be surface mounted to a system board using solder and surface mount technology (SMT), QFN packages are increasingly used because the non-leaded package bodies require less board area than leaded packages, such as the DIP  101  in  FIG.  1   . The semiconductor die can be packaged in a DIP device package, an SOIC device package, in a QFN package, or in another semiconductor package type. Packages with leads or no-leads packages can be used with the arrangements. DIP, SOIC, QFN packages, small outline packages (SOP), small outline no-lead (SON) packages, and quad flat package (QFP) packages, as well as other packages for semiconductor devices, can be used with the arrangements. 
       FIGS.  3 A and  3 B  illustrate a semiconductor wafer including a plurality of semiconductor dies and a single semiconductor die after it has been removed from the semiconductor wafer in a singulation process, respectively. In  FIG.  3 A , a semiconductor wafer  338  is shown with a plurality of semiconductor dies  310  arranged in rows and columns and spaced by scribe lines  342 , shown in a vertical direction as the semiconductor wafer  338  is oriented in  FIG.  3 A, and  340   , shown in a horizontal direction in  FIG.  3 A . After semiconductor dies including a temperature sensor are manufactured using semiconductor fabrication processes, the wafer is singulated into unit dies by the use of a saw or laser cutting tool to cut the dies  310  apart from the wafer  338  along the scribe lines  340  and  342 .  FIG.  3 B  illustrates a single rectangular semiconductor die such as can be used in the arrangements. A temperature sensor circuit can be formed on the semiconductor die  310  using any one of several types of sensor circuits and including at least one component that has a characteristic which varies predictably with device temperature. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates in a projection an example arrangement  401  using a SOIC DIP package to package a temperature sensor. In  FIG.  4   , a semiconductor die  310  is shown mounted on a package substrate  403 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  4    the package substrate is a metal lead frame, such as a copper lead frame. Other conductive lead frame materials can be used, such as stainless steel and Alloy 42. Partially etched or half etched lead frames can be used. PMLF substrates, including conductors spaced by dielectric material such as mold compound, MIS substrates, and other substrates used in semiconductor packaging can be used. 
     Package substrate  403  includes a die pad  409 , and a first lead or group of leads  411  coupled to the die pad  409 . The leads  411  shown at one side of the arrangement  401  may be an input for the device and may be attached to a surface or conductor where the temperature is to be sensed, such as a bus trace on a system board. Package substrate  403  also includes a second group of leads  405  of package substrate  403  is shown at a side opposite the first group of leads. The second group of leads  405  is electrically isolated from the die pad  409  and the first group of leads  411 , and as is described below, a lead or leads  405  can be electrically connected to the semiconductor die  310 , by bond wires for example, to use in communication with external devices. 
     A spacer dielectric  413  is shown mounted on die pad  409 . The spacer dielectric can be one of several dielectric materials that are thermal conductors and electric isolators, and can be a ceramic material. Examples that are useful in the arrangements include aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), barium titanium oxide (BTO), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), silicon carbide (SiC), glasses, and composites made of multiple materials. The spacer dielectric  413  can have varying thicknesses with a particular thickness determined by the properties of the material, and by the needs of a particular application. The spacer dielectric in the arrangements will have a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 10 W/mK. The spacer dielectric in the arrangements is an electrical insulator. By using the spacer dielectric in a package to thermally couple the semiconductor die to the pad and also a lead, and by electrically isolating the semiconductor die from the die pad, the semiconductor die is protected from the electric field due to the high voltage on the die pad. In one example, a spacer dielectric of AlN was used at a thickness of 125 microns, and in another example, AlN was used at thickness of 250 microns. AlN has a thermal conductivity of 160 W/mK at 25 degrees C. As is further detailed below, in both examples simulations show that the electric field in the semiconductor die is less than 10 Volts/micron, with a 4 kVrms voltage input at the input leads  411 . Spacer dielectric  413  may have planar surfaces, or may have a cup shaped recess for receiving the semiconductor die  310  in a surface, as is further described below. A die attach material  415  is used to attach the semiconductor die  310  to the spacer dielectric  413 , which can be a conductive die attach, a non-conductive die attach, or a non-conductive die attach film. Another die attach is also used to attach spacer dielectric  413  to die pad  409  (not visible in  FIG.  4   ) which can be the same die attach material or another die attach material. Die attach epoxies or die attach films, both conductive and non-conductive types, can be used to form arrangements. Mold compound  417  forms the package body and covers the semiconductor die  310 , the die pad  409 , and portions of leads  405  and  411 , while other portions extend from the mold compound to form terminals for the packaged semiconductor device of arrangement  401 . Use of the spacer dielectric with high thermal conductivity and high electrical isolation results in a temperature sensor in the semiconductor device  310  that is electrically isolated from leads  411 , which are configured to be mounted to a high voltage area where temperature is to be measured, while being thermally coupled to the leads  411 . 
       FIGS.  5 A- 5 E  illustrate, in a series of cross sectional views, a method for forming an arrangement. In  FIG.  5 A , the package substrate  403 , which in this example is a metal lead frame, has leads  411  coupled to the die pad  409 , which is configured for mounting devices. Although several leads  411  are shown in  FIG.  4   , in another example arrangement, one lead or many leads  411  can be used. Using multiple leads in parallel to a common signal reduces resistance and may improve performance in some applications. Leads  405  are spaced from the die pad  409  and will be electrically isolated from the die pad  409  and the leads  405 . 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates, in another cross section, the arrangement of  FIG.  5 A  after additional processing. In  FIG.  5 B , spacer dielectric  413  is shown mounted to die pad  409 . Die attach  412  is used to mount the spacer dielectric  413 . The die attach material can be a conductive die attach. The die attach material can be a non-conductive die attach, however, because in the presence of a high voltage at the input (leads  411 ) any voids in a non-conductive die attach can cause a concentration in an electric field between the die pad  409  and the spacer dielectric  413 , the non-conductive die attach should be void free to avoid concentrated electric fields that might occur in voids of non-conductive die attach. A non-conductive die attach film (NCDAF) may be used to form a void free non-conductive die attach layer. Spacer dielectric  413  can be of one of several insulators that are thermally conductive and are good electric isolators. Aluminum nitride (AlN) is one example of a ceramic that is useful in the arrangements. The thickness of the spacer dielectric  413  can vary, from about 50 ums to several hundred microns. In particular examples, a thickness of 125 microns was evaluated and a thickness of 250 microns was evaluated using AlN ceramic in an SOIC package with  8  terminals. A stress volume characteristic Sv/t observed for packages using spacer dielectrics at these thicknesses were similar to mold compound, and so these materials are appropriate for package applications. AlN has little change in permittivity over a broad temperature range, and has low electrical conductivity over a range of temperatures, including temperatures greater than 200 degrees C. Other materials with similar characteristics can be used, including other ceramics such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), and barium titanium oxide (BTO), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), silicon carbide (SiC), glass, and composites made of multiple layers of these materials or including these materials. 
       FIG.  5 C  illustrates, in another cross section, the structure of  FIG.  5 B  after further processing. In  FIG.  5 C , semiconductor die  310  is mounted to the spacer dielectric  413  using a second die attach  415 . The second die attach  415  can be the same material as die attach  412  or can be of different die attach material. Conductive die attach can be used. Non-conductive die attach film can be used, as described above. Semiconductor die  310  includes a component or components that are configured as temperature sensors. Semiconductor die is thermally coupled to die pad  409  and leads  411 , but is electrically isolated from both. Because the spacer dielectric  413  provides electrical isolation, the semiconductor die  310  experiences a lower electric field even when high voltages are applied to leads  411 , at the input to the package of the example arrangement. 
     In  FIG.  5 C , the spacer dielectric  413  is shown having planar exterior surfaces for mounting to the die pad (the lower surface of spacer dielectric  413 , as oriented in  FIG.  5 C ) and for mounting the semiconductor die  310  (the upper surface of spacer dielectric  413  as oriented in  FIG.  5 C ). In an alternative arrangement (not shown), spacer dielectric  413  can have a recessed upper surface to form a cup shape for receiving the semiconductor die  310 , which can add additional isolation for the semiconductor die  310  by covering the sides of the semiconductor die  310 . 
       FIG.  5 D  illustrates, in another cross section, the structure of  FIG.  5 C  after additional processing. In  FIG.  5 D , bond wires  417  are used to couple the semiconductor die to the leads  405 . Leads  405  are electrically isolated from the die pad  409  and leads  411 . Leads  405  can be coupled to input and output signals to allow for communication between semiconductor die  310  and an external device. Signals needed for the semiconductor die  310  to operate, including power, ground and clock signals, can be provided at leads  405 . 
       FIG.  5 E  illustrates in another cross section, the packaged device  401  after an encapsulation molding process is performed on the structure of  FIG.  5 D . Mold compound  419  can be applied by a molding process such as a transfer molding process using a thermoset epoxy resin mold compound. Thermoset mold compound can be provided as a solid puck or powder, heated to liquefy the mold compound, and allowed to flow into a mold to cover the die pad, the semiconductor die, the spacer dielectric, the bond wires, the die attach, and portions of the leads  405  and  411  of package substrate  403 . The mold compound cures to form a solid package body  419 . Portions of leads  405 ,  411  are left exposed from the mold compound  419  to form leads for mounting the device to a printed circuit board. Other materials can be used such as resins, epoxies, and plastic to cover the devices and form the body of the package. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates in an example application the packaged temperature sensor device package  401  coupled to a bus  610  to sense temperature of the bus  610 . The leads  411  couple the bus  610  to the device  401 , with die pad  409  inside the packaged device thermally and electrically coupled to the bus  610 . The semiconductor die  310  is thermally coupled to the bus  610 , but is electrically isolated from it by spacer dielectric  413 . 
       FIG.  7 A  illustrates in a graph the electric field observed in simulations within the packaged device  401  when a 4 kVrms signal is applied to the leads  411  using an AlN spacer of 250 microns thickness. As seen in  FIG.  7 A , the darker areas have lower electric field Ev, while lighter areas indicate larger electric fields. The maximum electric field observed was 22 V/um within the spacer dielectric of AlN. The field in the semiconductor device  310  was much lower, as indicated by the dark shading, and was less than 10 V/um. 
       FIG.  7 B  illustrates in another graph the electric field observed within the packaged device  401  when a 4 kVrms signal is applied to the leads  411  using an AlN spacer of 125 microns thickness. As seen in  FIG.  7 B , the darker areas have lower electric field, while lighter areas indicate larger electric fields. The maximum electric field observed was 44 V/um in the spacer dielectric of 125 microns of AlN. The field in the semiconductor device  310  was much lower in this example as well, and again was less than 10 V/um. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates in an alternative arrangement a packaged device  801  in a QFN package. Mold compound  419  covers a semiconductor die  310  including a temperature sensor, which is attached to a spacer dielectric  413  by a die attach layer  415 . A second die attach  412  is used to attach the spacer dielectric  413  to the die pad  809  of a package substrate  803 , which can be a metal lead frame. Leads  811  are physically attached and electrically coupled to the die pad and provide a thermal connection to the die pad from an input of the packaged device  801 . Leads  805  are electrically isolated from the die pad  809  and leads  811 , and are connected to the semiconductor die  310  by bond wires. Ribbon bonds or another electrical connection can be used to couple leads  805  to the semiconductor die  310 . The mold compound covers portions of the package substrate  803  but leaves portions of leads  805 , die pad  809  and leads  811  exposed to make thermal and electrical connections to the packaged device  801 . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an overhang distance D 1  used in the arrangements. The spacer dielectric  413  has an overhang extending past the edge of the semiconductor die  310  by a distance of at least 10 mils, or 0.254 mm. This overhang ensures a minimum creepage distance is maintained between the die pad ( 809  in  FIG.  8   ) and the die  310 , to prevent unwanted electric coupling such as an arc from the die pad to the semiconductor die when a high voltage is present. By having the spacer dielectric with a greater width on all sides than the die, so that it overhangs the die on all four sides, the creepage distance is increased, preventing arcing between the die pad and the semiconductor die. 
     In alternative arrangements, the spacer dielectric can have metal plates on the planar surfaces where the die attach is shown, and when metal plates are present on the spacer dielectric, solder can be used to attach the die  310  to the spacer dielectric  413 , and to attach the spacer dielectric  413  to the die pad  809  of the metal lead frame. The metal plates should also be spaced from the edge of the spacer dielectric and be of similar size as the die  310 , so that the creepage distance between the die pad  809  or  309  and the die  310  is maintained. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates, in a flow diagram, a method for forming an arrangement. In step  901 , a spacer dielectric is mounted to a die pad of a package substrate, and the package substrate has at least one first lead connected to the die pad (see  FIG.  5 B , spacer dielectric  413  is mounted on die pad  409  of package substrate  403 , with lead  411  attached to the die pad  409 ). At step  903 , the method continues by mounting a semiconductor die including a temperature sensor to the spacer dielectric (see  FIG.  5 C , semiconductor die  310  is mounted to spacer dielectric  413 ). The spacer dielectric provides a thermal coupling between the semiconductor die and the die pad, which is also thermally coupled to the first lead. The semiconductor die is electrically isolated from the die pad by the spacer dielectric. At step  905 , the method continues by electrically connecting a lead from a second set of leads that are electrically isolated from the die pad to the semiconductor die, the electrical connections can be formed by wire bonding, or by ribbon bonding (see  FIG.  5 D  where bond wire  417  couples the second leads  405  to the semiconductor die  310 ). The second set of leads are isolated from the die pad. 
     At step  907 , the method completes by covering the semiconductor die, the die pad, and portions of the first and second set of leads with mold compound to form a packaged temperature sensor device (see  FIG.  5 E , where mold compound  419  covers the elements). Encapsulation using a thermoset resin epoxy mold compound can be used. 
     The packaged temperature sensor device can be used as shown in  FIG.  6    by coupling the lead or leads  411  to a bus or surface where temperature is measured. Alternative applications include mounting a QFN package such as  801  shown in  FIG.  8    with the exposed portion of the die pad in thermal contact with a surface or conductor on a board, module, or device where temperature is to be sensed. When a high voltage is present at the surface to be sensed, the semiconductor die is electrically isolated from the high voltage so that the temperature sensor is not damaged due to dielectric breakdown in the presence of an electric field associated with the high voltage. 
     Modifications are possible in the described arrangements, and other alternative arrangements are possible within the scope of the claims.