Patent Publication Number: US-8123582-B2

Title: Manufacturing method of airtight container and image displaying apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of an airtight container. In particular, the present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a vacuum airtight container (envelope) used for a flat panel image displaying apparatus. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     An image displaying apparatus, in which a number of electron-emitting devices for emitting electrons according to image signals are provided on a rear plate and a fluorescent film for displaying an image by emitting light in response to irradiation of electrons is provided on a face plate, and of which the inside is maintained with a vacuum, has been known. In the image displaying apparatus like this, generally, the face plate and the rear plate are bonded to each other through a support frame, thereby forming an envelope. In case of manufacturing the image displaying apparatus like this, it is necessary to exhaust the inside of the envelope to secure a vacuum. Such an exhausting process can be achieved by several kinds of methods. As one of these methods, a method of exhausting the inside of a container through a through-hole provided on the surface of the container and thereafter sealing the through-hole by a cover member has been known. 
     In case of sealing the through-hole by the cover member, it is necessary to arrange a sealant around the through-hole to obtain a sealing effect. Here, several kinds of methods of arranging the sealant have been known. When one of these methods is applied to a vacuum airtight container, it is desirable to select the method which can prevent the sealant from flowing into the through-hole. This is because, although it is necessary to heat and then soften or melt the sealant to uniformly arrange and form it around the through-hole, there is a fear at this time that the sealant flows into the through-hole due to a difference between internal and external pressures of the container. In particular, in case of manufacturing the envelope of the image displaying apparatus, the sealant which has flowed inside the through-hole accounts for an electrical discharge phenomenon. 
     Here, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-192399 (called a patent document 1 hereinafter) discloses a technique for tapering the face of a cover member opposite to a through-hole. More specifically, in the patent document 1, the distance between the tapered face and the face on which the through-hole has been formed becomes wider as the tapered face goes apart from the periphery of the through-hole. Then, a melted sealant is deformed due to the weight of the sealant itself, and the deformed sealant moves toward the tapered portion, thereby restraining the sealant from flowing into the through-hole. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,145 (called a patent document 2 hereinafter) discloses a technique for closing up a circular through-hole by a spherical metal cap or the like, externally filling up a sealant to the contact portion between the through-hole and the metal cap, and thus sealing the through-hole. More specifically, in the patent document 2, since the cap is fit into the tapered through-hole, the force toward the inside of a container is applied to the cap if the inside of the cap is in a vacuum. Thus, since the cap is in tight contact with the through-hole easily, it becomes difficult for the sealant to flow into the through-hole. 
     In the patent document 1, since the sealant directly faces the through-hole, there is a strong possibility that the sealant flows into the through-hole when it is melted. More specifically, although most sealant flows into the tapered portion, there is a possibility that a part of the sealant flows into the through-hole due to the vacuum inside the container. In the patent document 2, the sealant is applied merely to the vicinity of the cap. That is, unlike the patent document 1, the patent document 2 does not include any process of pressing the sealant. For this reason, since it is difficult in the patent document 2 to uniformly distribute the sealant, there is a possibility that it is difficult to obtain sufficient sealing performance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention aims, in a manufacturing method of an airtight container including a process of sealing a through-hole by a cover member, to provide the manufacturing method which can secure sealing performance and also restrain a sealant from flowing into the through-hole. Moreover, the present invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of an image displaying apparatus, which uses the relevant manufacturing method of the airtight container. 
     An airtight container manufacturing method in the present invention comprises: (a) exhausting an inside of a container through a through-hole provided on the container; (b) arranging a plate member having, at its periphery, grooves penetrating the plate member in its plate thickness direction on an outer surface of the container the inside of which has been exhausted, so as to close up the through-hole; and (c) sealing the container by arranging a cover member so as to cover the plate member via a sealant and by bonding the arranged cover member and the outer surface of the container via the sealant, wherein the sealing includes hardening the sealant after deforming the sealant as pressing the plate member by the cover member so that the sealant is positioned between the cover member and the outer surface of the container via the grooves. 
     Another airtight container manufacturing method in the present invention comprises: (a) exhausting an inside of a container through a through-hole provided on the container; (b) arranging a plate member on an outer surface of the container the inside of which has been exhausted, so as to close up the through-hole; and (c) sealing the container by arranging a cover member, which has a plate portion and a side wall positioned along a periphery of the plate portion and having on its inner surface grooves extending in a height direction of the side wall, so as to cover the plate member via a sealant and by bonding the arranged cover member and the outer surface of the container via the sealant, wherein the sealing includes hardening the sealant after deforming the sealant as pressing the plate member by the cover member so that the sealant is positioned between the cover member and the outer surface of the container via the grooves. 
     A still another airtight container manufacturing method in the present invention comprises: (a) exhausting an inside of a container through a through-hole provided on the container; (b) preparing a laminated body in which a plate member and a cover member are laminated with a sealant interposed between the plate member and the cover member; and (c) sealing the container by pressing the laminated body toward an outer surface of the container the inside of which has been exhausted, so that the through-hole is covered by the plate member, and by bonding the cover member and the outer surface of the container to each other via the sealant, wherein the cover member has a plate portion and a side wall extending along a periphery of the plate portion and having on its inner surface grooves extending in a height direction of the side wall, and wherein the sealing includes, in the laminated body, hardening the sealant after deforming the sealant as pressing the plate member by the cover member so that the sealant is positioned between the cover member and the outer surface of the container via the grooves. 
     A manufacturing method of an image displaying apparatus, in the present invention, comprises manufacturing an envelope an inside of which has been vacuumized, by using the airtight container manufacturing methods described as above. 
     According to the present invention, in the airtight container manufacturing method including sealing the through-hole by the cover member, it is possible to provide the airtight container manufacturing method which can efficiently secure the sealing performance and also restrain the sealant from flowing into the through-hole. Moreover, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide the image displaying apparatus manufacturing method which uses the airtight container manufacturing method described as above. 
     Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A ,  1 B,  10 ,  1 D,  1 E,  1 E′,  1 F,  1 G,  1 D″,  1 E″,  1 F″ and  1 G″ are schematic step views indicating a sealing process of the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view of a plate member in the first embodiment. 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are a plan view and a cross sectional view of a cover member in the first embodiment. 
         FIGS. 4A ,  4 B and  4 C are a plan view and cross sectional views of a modified plate member in the first embodiment. 
         FIGS. 5A ,  5 B,  5 C,  5 D,  5 D′,  5 E,  5 C″,  5 D″ and  5 E″ are schematic step views indicating a sealing process of the second embodiment. 
         FIGS. 6A ,  6 B and  6 C are a plan view and cross sectional views of a plate member and a cover member in the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a view indicating the first embodiment. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are a plan view and a cross sectional view of the plate member and the cover member in the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a view indicating the second embodiment. 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  are a plan view and a cross sectional view of the plate member and the cover member in the second embodiment. 
         FIGS. 11A ,  11 B,  11 C,  11 D and  11 E are schematic step views indicating the third embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a view indicating the third embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  is a view indicating the fourth embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     A manufacturing method of an airtight container of the present invention can be widely applied to a manufacturing method of an airtight container of which the inside is exhausted to be vacuumized. Particularly, the present invention can be preferably applied to a manufacturing method of an envelope of a flat panel image displaying apparatus of which the inside is exhausted to be vacuumized. 
     First Embodiment 
     The first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.  1 A to  1 G″. Here, FIGS.  1 A to  1 G″ are the schematic step views indicating a sealing process, which can be particularly preferably used in a case where a through-hole is sealed under a state that the through-hole of an airtight container is placed on the upper surface of an envelope. Incidentally, FIGS.  1 D″,  1 E″,  1 F″, and  1 G″ are the cross sectional views (i.e., views toward upward) respectively along the  1 D″- 1 D″ line in  FIG. 1D , the  1 E″- 1 E″ line in  FIG. 1E , the  1 F″- 1 F″ line in  FIG. 1F , and the  1 G″- 1 G″ line in  FIG. 1G . Further,  FIGS. 1D ,  1 E,  1 F, and  1 G are the cross sectional views respectively along the  1 D- 1 D line in FIG.  1 D″, the  1 E- 1 E line in FIG.  1 E″, the  1 F- 1 F line in FIG.  1 F″, and the  1 G- 1 G line in FIG.  1 G″. Furthermore, FIG.  1 E′ is the cross sectional view along the  1 E′- 1 E′ line in FIG.  1 E″. 
     (Step S 1 ) 
     Initially, an inside S of a container  1  is exhausted via a through-hole  5  provided in the surface of the container  1 . The container  1  can have desired materials and constitution. In case of a flat panel image displaying apparatus, a part of the container  1  is usually manufactured by glass. In the present embodiment, as indicated in  FIG. 1A , the container  1  is composed of a face plate  2 , a rear plate  3  and a support frame  4 , which are mutually bonded by a proper means such as a glass frit or the like, to form an airtight container. A large number of electron emitters (not illustrated) for emitting electrons in accordance with an image signal are provided on the rear plate  3 . A fluorescent film (not illustrated), which emits light upon receiving irradiation of electrons and thus displays images, is provided on the face plate  2 . Additionally, the through-hole  5 , which is an aperture nearly equal to a circular form, is provided on the rear plate  3 . The position and the size of the through-hole  5  are properly set in consideration of a desired degree of vacuum in the container  1 , a desired exhausting time, and the like. In the present embodiment, only one through-hole  5  is provided, however plural through-holes may be provided. In order to improve adherence and wettability with a sealant  12  later described, a surface treatment may be performed to the circumference portion of the through-hole  5  on an outer surface  6  of the container  1  by use of an ultrasonic cleaning process, or a metal film may be deposited. 
     An exhaust unit of the container  1  is selected so that the inside of the container  1  becomes a desired degree of vacuum. The exhaust unit is not especially limited if the inside of the container  1  can be exhausted by the exhaust unit via the through-hole  5  and thus a process to be described later can be performed. In a case where an exhausting process is performed under a condition that the whole container  1  is set inside a vacuum-exhaust chamber, such a situation is desirable because moving mechanisms (rotating/vertical moving mechanisms  20  and  23  in later-described examples) of later-described respective members (a plate member  8 , a cover member  13 , etc.) can be also provided in the same chamber. 
     (Step S 2 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 1B , the plate member  8  is arranged on the outer surface  6  of the container  1 , of which an inside S has been exhausted, so as to close up the through-hole  5 . More specifically, the plate member  8  is arranged so that the plate member  8  is in contact with a periphery  9  (refer to  FIG. 1A ) of the through-hole  5  and the through-hole  5  is covered by the plate member  8 . Here,  FIG. 2  is a plan view of the plate member  8  (that is, a view of the plate member  8  viewed from the side of the outer surface  6  of the container). As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , plural grooves  100  penetrating the plate member  8  in its plate thickness direction are provided on the periphery of the plate member  8  at desired intervals. In the present embodiment, the plate member  8  is a circular member of which the diameter is larger than that of the through-hole  5 , and the grooves  100  are provided at certain angular intervals (e.g., 90° pitches). Here, each of the grooves  100  is positioned outside the periphery of the through-hole  5 , when viewed from the center of the through-hole  5 . Each of  FIGS. 1B to 1G  is the cross sectional view which is obtained by expediently cutting off the portion of the plate member  8  including the grooves  100 . In any case, if the grooves  100  are provided, the sealant actively flows by using the groove  100  as a starting point, whereby the desired positions can be infilled with the sealant  12  without unevenness. Further, it is possible to relatively position the plate member  8  and the cover member  13  at the portion having no groove  100 . It is desirable that the plate member  8  and the through-hole  5  are almost concentrically arranged. A contact surface  10  of the plate member  8  is in contact with the outer surface  6  of the container  1  to prevent that the sealant  12  flows into the through-hole  5 . Therefore, it is desirable that the configuration and surface roughness of the contact surface  10  are defined so that a gap (a leak path) between the outer surface  6  of the container  1  and the plate member  8  becomes tight when the plate member  8  is arranged so as to cover the through-hole  5  of the container  1 . The thickness of the plate member  8  is properly defined in consideration of sealing performance and deformation characteristic of the sealant  12 . In the present embodiment, it is also possible to use a plate member having a projection structure (a projection  18  in  FIG. 5B ) as described later in the second embodiment. 
     (Step S 3 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 1C , the sealant  12  is provided on a surface  11  (refer to  FIG. 1B ) of the plate member  8  opposite to the contact surface  10  between the plate member  8  and the through-hole  5 . The sufficient amount of the sealant  12  is provided so that the sealant  12  becomes thicker than the plate member  8 . The material of the sealant  12  is not especially limited if it can obtain desired sealing performance and adhesive characteristic. In the present embodiment, since the container  1  made by glass to be used in the flat panel image displaying apparatus is targeted, a glass frit, or an In alloy such as In or InSn is used as the sealant  12  in consideration of high sealing performance or stress in heating. 
     (Step S 4 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 1D , the cover member  13  is arranged on the sealant  12 . As a result of this arrangement, the cover member  13  is arranged so as to cover the plate member  8 . Here,  FIG. 3A  is a plan view of the cover member  13  (i.e., a view of the cover member  13  viewed from the side of the outer surface  6  of the container), and  FIG. 3B  is a cross sectional view along the  3 B- 3 B line in  FIG. 3A . The cover member  13  includes a plate portion  131  and a cylindrical side wall  132  positioned along the periphery of the plate portion  131 . Here, it is desirable to use the cover member  13  having a plane area larger than that of the plate member  8  so that a sufficient sealing width can be obtained on the circumference of the plate member  8 , in response to the sealing characteristic of the sealant  12 . 
     Next, as indicated in  FIGS. 1E ,  1 F and  1 G, the sealant  12  is pressed in the vertical downward direction (i.e., the direction indicated by an outline arrow) by the cover member  13  to deform the sealant  12  so that a space  14  between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1  is filled with the sealant  12  along the periphery of the plate member  8 . More specifically, if the sealant  12  is pressed by the cover member  13 , as indicated in  FIG. 1E , while the sealant  12  is being deformed, a part of the sealant  12  moves to the side of the plate member  8  and flows from the portion of the groove  100  to the container side. Further, a part of the sealant  12  is extended sideling along the cover member  13 . If the sealant  12  is further pressed by the cover member  13 , as indicated in  FIGS. 1F and 1G , the sealants  12  which are flowed respectively from the adjacent grooves  100  are linked together, whereby the sealant  12  becomes an unbroken circle. Thus, the space  14  is completely infilled with the sealant  12 , and the width of the sealant  12  is extended to such a width nearly equal to that of the cover member  13 . After that, the sealant  12  is heated, and then cooled down to be hardened. As indicated in FIG.  1 E′, the sealant  12  is prevented from being deformed toward (flowed into) the outer surface  6  of the container by the plate member  8  at the portion where there is no groove  100 . After that, as described above, the sealants  12  infilled from the plural grooves  100  are linked together with the sealants  12  infilled from the respective adjacent grooves  100 , whereby the whole sealant  12  becomes the unbroken circle. 
     However, the sealant  12  is not always required to be deformed to become such the condition. For example, if a predetermined sealing width is ensured, the sealant  12  is not required to be extended to the same width as that of the cover member  13 . Further, although the sealant  12  remains between the plate member  8  and the cover member  13  in the drawings, all of the sealant  12  may be moved to the space  14  between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1 . 
     In case of pressing the sealant  12  by the cover member  13 , it is desirable to heat the sealant  12  to the temperature of melting the sealant  12  in accordance with the characteristic of the sealant  12 . Herewith, a deformation performance of the sealant  12  is improved. In the present embodiment, since the whole container  1  is set within a vacuum-exhaust chamber, a convective flow in heating can not be expected, and it is thus considered that heating efficiency is deteriorated. Therefore, as an object of shortening a heating time in case of heating the sealant  12  to the melting temperature, at least one of the plate member  8  and the cover member  13  may be heated within a range that the sealant  12  is not melted before the process of deforming the sealant  12 . The heat from the plate member  8  or the cover member  13  is transmitted to the sealant  12 , and a heating effect for the sealant  12  can be obtained. It is desirable that the heating temperature is set so that the plate member  8  or the cover member  13  is not destroyed by a sudden change of temperature. 
     A method of applying the load (press force) can be properly selected. For example, such a means of using a spring, mechanically applying the press force or arranging a weight can be enumerated. In the present embodiment, although the applying of the load to keep the position of the cover member  13  and the applying of the load to deform the sealant  12  are realized by the same load, different means may be used. As to the load in this case, a force of sufficiently squashing the sealant  12  is required so that the sealant  12  keeps at least airtightness. When the sealant  12  is deformed, the sealant  12  may be pressed by the cover member  13  while rotating the cover member  13  around an axis parallel to the direction of pressing the sealant  12  (for example, a central axis C of the cover member  13 ) as a center of rotation as indicated in  FIG. 1E . Thus, the sealant  12  is more effectively deformed, whereby the space  14  is uniformly infilled with the sealant  12 . 
     According to the present embodiment, the sealant  12  is deformed while the plate member  8  is being pressed by the cover member  13 , and then the sealant  12  is hardened, whereby sealing and bonding are completed. That is, when the sealant  12  is melted and deformed, the plate member  8  closes up the through-hole  5  while being pressed downwardly toward the through-hole  5 . Therefore, the sealing performance between the contact surface  10  of the plate member  8  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1  is enhanced, whereby the melted sealant  12  becomes hard to flow into the through-hole  5 . Thus, in the flat panel image displaying apparatus, when high voltage to be used to display images is applied, a discharge phenomenon caused by the sealant  12  flowing in the container can be easily prevented. Further, according to a material of the sealant  12 , there is a case that the sealant  12  generates gas. However, in the present embodiment, since the sealant  12  seldom flows into the container  1 , a negative influence to electron emitters and the like due to the generated gas hardly occurs. 
     Further, in the present embodiment, both the sealing effect by the sealant  12  provided between the outer surface  6  of the container and the cover member  13  and the sealing effect by the fact that the plate member  8  is positioned so as to close up the through-hole  5  can be expected. Thus, the sealing performance itself is improved, and also defective airtightness can be easily prevented. 
     Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the thickness of the plate member  8  results to define the minimum value of the thickness of the sealant  12 . Therefore, even if the pressing load is large in some degree, deformation of the sealant  12  is prevented to be fixed to such a level less than the thickness of the plate member  8 , and this fact leads to an improvement of reliability of airtightness. However, to prevent destruction of the container  1 , the plate member  8  and the cover member  13 , it is not desirable to increase the pressing load too. 
     In the present embodiment, the cover member  13  has the recessed portion for containing therein the plate member  8 . However, the present invention is not limited to this. As indicated in  FIGS. 4A to 4C , even in the case where the cover member  13  is tabular, if grooves (notches) are provided at the periphery of the plate member  8 , the sealant  12  actively flows toward the outer surface of the container from the grooves as the starting point when the sealant  12  is deformed. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture the container in which unevenness of the sealant  12  is little and which resultingly has high airtightness. Incidentally,  FIG. 4A  is the plan view of the cover member,  FIG. 4B  is the cross sectional view along the  4 B- 4 B line in  FIG. 4A , and  FIG. 4C  is the cross sectional view along the  4 C- 4 C line in  FIG. 4A . 
     Second Embodiment 
     The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in a point that a through-hole is sealed by bringing a laminated body composed of a plate member, a sealant and a cover member into contact with the through-hole from the downside of the through-hole. Also, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in a point that grooves are formed not on the plate member but on the cover member, and other points in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the following description, the points different from the first embodiment will be mainly described. Namely, as to the matters not described in the following, the description in the first embodiment should be referred. 
     The second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″. Here, FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″ are the schematic step views indicating a sealing process which can be especially preferably used in a case where the through-hole is sealed in a state that the through-hole of the airtight container was opened to the vertical downward direction. Incidentally, FIGS.  5 C″,  5 D″ and  5 E″ are the cross sectional views respectively along the  5 C″- 5 C″ line in  FIG. 5C , the  5 D″- 5 D″ line in  FIG. 5D  and the  5 E″- 5 E″ line in  FIG. 5E . Further,  FIGS. 5C ,  5 D and  5 E are the cross sectional views respectively along the  5 C- 5 C line in FIG.  5 C″, the  5 D- 5 D line in FIG.  5 D″ and the  5 E- 5 E line in FIG.  5 E″. Furthermore, FIG.  5 D′ is the cross sectional view along the  5 D′- 5 D′ line in FIG.  5 D″. Besides,  FIGS. 6A to 6C  are views enlargedly illustrating only the plate member and the cover member in the present embodiment. More specifically,  FIG. 6A  is the plan view of the plate member and the cover member,  FIG. 6B  is the cross sectional view along the  6 B- 6 B in  FIG. 6A , and  FIG. 6C  is the cross sectional view along the  6 C- 6 C in  FIG. 6A . 
     (Step S 51 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 5A , the inside of a container  1  is exhausted via a through-hole  5   a  provided on the surface of the container  1 . This step is the same as that in the first embodiment. 
     (Step S 52 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 5B , a laminated body  16 , in which a plate member  8   a  and a cover member  13  are laminated with a sealant  12  interposed between the plate member  8   a  and the cover member  13 , is prepared. The cover member  13  is a circular member which has a recessed portion at its center, and relative positioning of the plate member  8   a  and the cover member  13  can be performed by the recessed portion. Further, the cover member  13  includes a plate portion  131  and a cylindrical side wall  132  positioned along the periphery of the plate portion  131 , and has, on the inner surface of the side wall  132 , the grooves  100  extending in the height direction of the side wall  132  ( FIGS. 6A and 6B ). The plural grooves  100  are provided at certain angular intervals (e.g., 90° pitches) on the side wall  132  of the cover member  13 . Each of FIGS.  5 C″ to  5 E″ is the cross sectional view which is obtained by expediently cutting off the portion including the grooves  100 . In any case, if the grooves  100  are provided, the sealant actively flows in by using the groove  100  as a starting point, whereby it is possible to infill the sealant to desired positions without unevenness. 
     In the present embodiment, the plate member  8   a , which has a cylindrical or semispherical projection  18  capable of being inserted inside the through-hole  5   a , is used. As will be described later, when the plate member  8   a  is brought into contact with an outer surface  6  of the container  1 , the projection  18  is inserted into the through-hole  5   a . That is, the projection  18  functions as a guide when the plate member  8   a  is brought into contact with the through-hole  5   a . Therefore, it is desirable that the projection  18  has such a size (diameter) to be naturally set in the through-hole  5   a . In any case, the sealant  12 , which is the same as that in the first embodiment, can be used. At a previous step before the laminated body  16  is formed, at least one of the plate member  8   a  and the cover member  13  may be heated within a range that the sealant  12  is not melted. 
     (Step S 53 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 5C , the laminated body  16  is arranged on the outer surface  6  of the container  1  of which the inside has been exhausted so that the plate member  8   a  is in contact with the outer surface  6  along a periphery  9  (refer to  FIG. 5A ) of the through-hole  5   a  and the through-hole  5   a  is closed up by the plate member  8   a . The above operation is performed in the state that the through-hole  5   a  is opened in the vertical downward direction, as described above. Since the projection  18  is inserted in the through-hole  5   a , positioning is easily performed. At this time, according to a characteristic of the sealant  12 , the sealant  12  may be heated to the extent that the sealant  12  is not melted. 
     (Step S 54 ) 
     As indicated in  FIG. 5D , the sealant  12  is pressed in the vertical upward direction (i.e., the direction indicated by the outline arrow) by the cover member  13 . A means of applying load can be properly selected as well as the first embodiment. While maintaining this condition, the sealant  12  is heated to a temperature of melting the sealant  12 . The melted sealant  12  is then deformed so that a space  14  between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1  is infilled with the sealant  12  along an outer circumference portion  15  of the plate member  8   a . Namely, the sealant is deformed so as to be positioned between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1  via the grooves  100 . More specifically, when the sealant  12  is pressed by the cover member  13 , as indicated in  FIG. 5D , a part of the sealant  12  is moved to the lateral direction of the plate member  8   a  while the sealant  12  is being deformed. Further, another part of the sealant  12  is dragged by the cover member  13 , and thus extended to the lateral direction. In this deformation, the sealant  12  is infilled from the plural grooves  100  toward the outside of the container, and the infilled sealant  12  is linked to the sealant from the adjacent grooves  100 , whereby the whole sealant  12  becomes an unbroken circle. When the sealant  12  is further pressed by the cover member  13 , as indicated in  FIG. 5E , the space is completely infilled with the sealant  12 , and the width of the sealant  12  is extended to such a width nearly equal to that of the cover member  13 . FIG.  5 D′ is the cross sectional view which is obtained by expediently cutting off the portion not including the grooves  100 . As indicated in FIG.  5 D′, it is prevented at the portion not including the groove  100  that the sealant  12  is deformed (flowed) toward the outer surface  6  of the container by the plate member  8   a . After then, as described above, the sealant flowed from the plural grooves  100  toward the outside of the container is linked to the sealant from the adjacent grooves  100 , whereby the whole sealant  12  becomes the unbroken circle. Thereafter, the sealant  12  is heated, and then cooled down to be hardened. As just described, in the present embodiment, the laminated body is pressed so that the plate member closes up the through-hole, and the cover member and the outer surface of the container are bonded via the sealant, whereby the container  1  is sealed. Further, a fact that the sealing process includes a process of hardening the sealant after deforming the sealant while pressing the plate member by the cover member is substantially the same as that in the first embodiment. 
     In the present embodiment, the through-hole can be sealed in a state that the through-hole is opened in the vertical downward direction, and the same effect as that in the first embodiment can be achieved. That is, the melted sealant  12  hardly flows into the through-hole  5   a . Thus, in the flat panel image displaying apparatus, a discharge phenomenon caused by the sealant  12  flowing in the apparatus can be easily prevented. A negative influence to the electron emitter or the like due to gas hardly occurs. Further, sealing performance itself is improved, and defective airtightness can be easily prevented. Even if the pressing load is large in some degree, it can be prevented that the sealant  12  is deformed to have a thickness equal to or less than the thickness of the plate member  8   a , thereby improving reliability of airtightness. Further, in the present embodiment, a process of sequentially providing the plate member  8   a , the sealant  12  and the cover member  13  is not required, and a process of forming the laminated body  16  can be individually performed. Therefore, also an effect capable of rationalizing the sealing process is obtained. 
     Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the laminated body composed of the plate member, the sealant and the cover member is brought into contact with the airtight container from the downward side. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the laminated body may be brought into contact with the airtight container from the upward side. Incidentally, as described in the first embodiment, in case of deforming the sealant  12 , it is possible also in the present embodiment to press the sealant  12  by the cover member  13  while rotating the cover member  13  around the axis being in parallel with the direction in which the sealant  12  is pressed. Further, it is possible to heat at least one of the plate member  8   a  and the cover member  13  within a range that the sealant  12  is not melted, before the process of deforming the sealant is performed. 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail as specific examples. 
     Example 1 
     This is an example of manufacturing an airtight container by using the first embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Hereinafter, this example will be described with reference to  FIG. 7 . 
     In this example, the container  1  was stored in a vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was then exhausted to be vacuumized by using an exhaust unit  22  containing a turbo molecular pump and a dry scroll pump. Further, heaters  19   a  and  19   b  used as heating units were provided in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the through-hole  5  having the diameter of 3 mm was provided on the upper surface of the container  1 . 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  are views of the plate member  8  and the cover member  13 . More specifically,  FIG. 8A  is the plan view of the plate member and the cover member, and  FIG. 8B  is the cross sectional view along the  8 B- 8 B line in  FIG. 8A . 
     As the plate member  8 , soda lime glass having the diameter of 5 mm and the thickness of 0.3 μm was prepared. The four grooves  100  each having the size of about 2 mm in length and breadth were provided at the periphery of the plate member  8 . As the sealant  12 , a glass frit, which was molded to have the diameter of 7 mm and the thickness of 0.4 mm by pre-baking and from which a paste component had been eliminated, was prepared. As the cover member  13 , soda lime glass having the diameter of 8 mm and the thickness of 1 mm was prepared. Here, the recessed portion (recession) having the diameter of 7.5 mm and the depth of 0.5 mm was provided at the center of the cover member  13 . As a load applying weight  21 , a weight of 150 g made by SUS340 (Steel Use Stainless 340) was prepared. After then, these members were mounted on the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  20  capable of individually performing vertical movement and rotational movement for each of the members, and the mounted members were arranged in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . 
     Process (a) 
     The exhaust unit  22  was operated to exhaust the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the vacuum degree of the inside of the container  1  was decreased to a level equal to or less than 1×10 −3  Pa via the through-hole  5 . The heaters  19   a  and  19   b  were operated in correspondence with the exhausting process, and the respective members arranged inside the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  were heated to 350° C. which is equal to or less than a softening temperature of the glass frit serving as the sealant  12 . 
     Process (b) 
     The plate member  8  was arranged immediately above the through-hole  5  by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  20 . 
     Process (c) 
     The sealant  12  was arranged immediately above the plate member  8  by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  20 . 
     Process (d) 
     The cover member  13  was arranged immediately above the sealant  12  by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  20 . After then, the load applying weight  21  was rotationally moved to the position immediately above the cover member  13  by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  20 . The load applying weight  21  was slowly descended at speed of 1 mm/min by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  20  so that the load was not rapidly added, and then the load applying weight  21  was mounted on the cover member  13 . 
     Process (e) 
     The heating process was executed to reach a softening temperature of the glass frit. 
     After then, the load applying weight  21  was cooled to a room temperature while being mounted on the cover member  13 , the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was then purged, and the manufactured container  1  was taken out from the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . 
     As just described above, the vacuum airtight container in which the through-hole was sealed by the sealant and of which the inside was exhausted to be vacuumized was manufactured. The glass frit having the thickness of 0.2 mm was formed closely between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1 . Since the grooves  100  were provided on the plate member  8 , the flowing of the sealant  12  could be controlled. Thus, the uniform sealing shape having no unevenness in the circumferential direction could be manufactured, and reliability of airtightness could be improved. In this example, the plate member  8  was continuously pressed toward the periphery of the through-hole  5  while the glass frit serving as the sealant was melted and squashed in the process (e) by the fact that the load applying weight  21  was mounted on the cover member  13  in the process (d). For this reason, a fact that the sealant  12  flowed into the through-hole  5  was not confirmed. In addition, since the two places, that is, the periphery of the plate member  8  and the through-hole  5  and the periphery of the cover member  13  and the through-hole  5 , were sealed, the vacuum airtight container having sufficient airtightness could be obtained. 
     Example 2 
     This is an example of manufacturing an airtight container by using the second embodiment indicated in FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″. Hereinafter, this example will be described with reference to  FIGS. 9 ,  10 A and  10 B. 
     In this example, the container  1  was stored in a vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was then exhausted to be vacuumized by using an exhaust unit  22  having a turbo-molecular pump and a dry scroll pump. Further, heaters  19   a  and  19   b  used as heating units were provided in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . The container  1  had two substrates oppositely arranged each other, and surface conduction electron-emitting devices (not illustrated) were formed on the inner surface of one substrate and an anode electrode and a light emission member (not illustrated) were formed on the inner surface of the other substrate. Further, the container  1  had the through-hole  5   a  having the diameter of 4 mm, on its lower surface. 
       FIGS. 10A and 10B  are views of the plate member  8  and the cover member  13 . More specifically,  FIG. 10A  is the plan view of the plate member and the cover member, and  FIG. 10B  is the cross sectional view along the  10 B- 10 B line in  FIG. 10A . As the cover member  13 , non-alkaline glass having the diameter of 10 mm and the thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared. Here, the recessed portion (recession) having the diameter of 7.5 mm and the depth of 0.5 mm was provided at the center of the cover member  13 . The four grooves  100  each having the size of about 2 mm in length and breadth were provided on the side wall  132  of the cover member  13 . Further, the sealant  12  of In (indium) molded to have the diameter of 7 mm and the thickness of 0.4 mm was provided on the cover member  13 . The plate member  8   a  of non-alkaline glass having the diameter of 5 mm and the thickness of 0.3 mm and having at its center the projection  18  having the diameter of 1 mm and the height of 2 mm was mounted on the sealant  12 . Thus, the laminated body  16  was prepared. Since the recessed portion (recession) was provided on the cover member  13  of the laminated body  16 , positioning of the plate member  8   a  and the sealant  12  could be performed. The rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  was equipped with a stage  24  capable of applying pressing force to be operated in the vertical upward direction by a spring member  25  having the spring constant of about 1N/mm. The laminated body  16  set on the stage  24  was arranged in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . 
     Process (a) 
     Initially, the laminated body  16  was escaped to a position not to be heated by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b , by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23 . Next, the exhaust unit  22  was operated to exhaust the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the vacuum degree of the inside of the container  1  was decreased to a level equal to or less than 1×10 −4  Pa via the through-hole  5   a . The heaters  19   a  and  19   b  were operated in correspondence with the exhausting process, and the container  1  was heated at 350° C. for an hour by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b  to exhaust adsorption gas in the container  1 . After that, the heaters  19   a  and  19   b  and the container  1  were naturally cooled to reach the temperature of 100° C. 
     Process (b) 
     The laminated body  16  was moved to the position immediately below the through-hole  5   a  by the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23 . Subsequently, a reheating process was performed by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b  while the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was being exhausted continuously. Thus, the container  1 , the stage  24  including the spring member  25 , and the laminated body  16  were respectively heated to 100° C. being equal to or less than a melting temperature of In, so as to have the same temperature as that of the container  1 . 
     Process (c) 
     The laminated body  16  held by the stage  24  was slowly moved upward by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  until the plate member  8   a  came into contact with the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  in a state of the projection  18  of the plate member  8   a  being inserted in the through-hole  5   a . Subsequently, the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  was moved upward by 5 mm at speed of 1 mm/sec so that the plate member  8   a  was pressed by the spring member  25 . 
     Process (d) 
     The temperatures of the container  1  and the respective members were raised to 160° C., which is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of In, at a speed rate of 3° C./min by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b . Also, when In was melted, since the respective members were being continuously pressed toward the through-hole  5   a  by the spring member  25 , the sealant  12  was deformed according to melting of In, whereby the through-hole  5   a  was sealed. 
     After that, the temperature was cooled down to the room temperature while the laminated body  16  was being pressed by the spring member  25 . Then, the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was purged, and the manufactured container  1  was taken out from the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . 
     As described above, in the manufactured airtight container, In having the thickness of 0.2 mm was formed closely between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1 . Since the grooves  100  were provided on the cover member  13 , the flowing of the sealant  12  could be controlled. Thus, the uniform sealing shape having no unevenness in the circumferential direction could be manufactured, and reliability of airtightness could be improved. Further, since the pressing by the spring member was continuously performed in the processes (c) and (d), the plate member  8   a  was continuously pressed to the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  while In serving as the sealant  12  was melted and deformed in the process (d). As a result, it was able to prevent the sealant  12  from flowing into the through-hole  5   a . In addition, since the two places, that is, the periphery of the plate member  8   a  and the through-hole  5   a  and the periphery of the cover member  13  and the through-hole  5   a , were sealed, the vacuum airtight container having sufficient airtightness could be obtained. 
     In this manner, an image forming apparatus, of which the inside had been exhausted to be vacuumized, having therein surface conduction electron-emitting devices could be obtained. Although voltage of 15 kV was applied between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode of the image forming apparatus for 24 hours, any electric discharge was not generated in an area of the image forming apparatus and its peripheral area, and it was confirmed that electron accelerating voltage could be stably applied. 
     Example 3 
     This is an example of manufacturing an airtight container by using the second embodiment. This example will be described with reference to FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″,  10 A,  10 B,  11 A to  11 E, and  12 . 
     In this example, the container  1  had a through-hole having the diameter of 2 mm on its lower surface, and had therein a support member (a spacer for withstand atmosphere pressure)  26  so as not to be destroyed even if the load was locally applied to the periphery of an aperture from the outside of the container. A flange  30  serving as an exhaust pipe and having the bore diameter larger than that of the through-hole had therein the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  according to a straight line manipulator, the spring member  25  and an internal heater  19   c  connected to the spring member. If the heater was pressed to the container side by the rotating/vertical moving mechanism, the load could be applied according to a pressing degree. In addition, the exhaust unit  22  having the turbo-molecular pump and the dry scroll pump was connected to the flange  30 , so as to be able to exhaust the inside to be vacuumized. 
       FIGS. 10A and 10B  respectively illustrate the plate member  8   a  and the cover member  13 . The plate member  8   a , which had a projection having the diameter of 1.9 mm and the height of 0.5 mm on a disc-like plate having the diameter of 5 mm and the height of 0.5 mm, was formed by PD-200 available from Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. The sealant  12  was formed from an alloy of In and Ag molded to have the diameter of 4 mm and the thickness of 1.5 mm. The cover member  13  had a circular shape having the diameter of 8 mm and the thickness of 1 mm, and was formed by PD-200. Here, the recessed portion (recession) having the diameter of 7.5 mm and the depth of 0.5 mm was provided at the center of the cover member  13 . The four grooves  100  each having the size of about 2 mm in length and breadth were provided on the side wall  132  of the cover member  13 . Then, the plate member  8   a , the sealant  12  and the cover member  13  were laminated mutually in this order to form the laminated body, and the formed laminated body was arranged within the exhaust pipe. Since the recessed portion (recession) was provided on the cover member  13  of the laminated body  16 , positioning of the plate member  8   a  and the sealant  12  could be performed. 
     Process (a) 
     The cover member  13 , the sealant  12  and the plate member  8   a  were sequentially laminated and arranged on the internal heater  19   c  arranged inside the flange  30  so that the centers of the respective diameters of these members were coincided with others. 
     Process (b) 
     An O-ring  29  composed of a material Viton® (registered trademark) was arranged on the aperture of the flange  30 . 
     Process (C) 
     Vacuum exhaust was started by the exhaust unit  22  while the O-ring  29  was being pressed by the container  1  and the flange  30  at a position where the O-ring  29  was in contact with the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  of the container  1  and the centers of the diameters of the respective members in the process (a) coincided with the center of the through-hole  5   a . Thus, the inside of the container  1  was exhausted to be vacuumized. 
     Process (d) 
     After the internal heater  19   c  in the flange  30  was heated up to 150° C. and held, the temperature was raised to 170° C. at a speed rate of 1° C./min. Subsequently, the laminated body composed of the plate member  8   a , the sealant  12  and the cover member  13  was moved along the exhaust pipe by elevating the rotating/vertical moving mechanism in the flange at speed of 1 mm/min, and the laminated body was pressed to the outer surface of the container while being arranged so as to close up through-hole  5   a.    
     Process (e) 
     After then, the internal heater  19   c  was naturally cooled to the room temperature while the state of applying the press force in the process (d) was kept. Then, after the sealant  12  was hardened, the exhausting process by the exhaust unit  22  was stopped, the inside of the flange  30  was purged by air, and then the O-ring  29  was separated from the container  1 . 
     As described above, the container was sealed by bonding the outer surface of the container and the cover member to each other via the sealant, whereby the vacuum airtight container of which the inside had been exhausted to be vacuumized was manufactured. Since the grooves  100  were provided on the cover member  13 , the flowing of the sealant  12  could be controlled. Thus, the uniform sealing shape having no unevenness in the circumferential direction could be manufactured, and reliability of airtightness could be improved. Incidentally, in the process (d), since the plate member  8   a  was continuously pressed to the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  while the sealant  12  was being melted and deformed, it was able to prevent the sealant  12  from flowing into the through-hole  5   a . In addition, since the sealing by the sealant  12  was performed at the two places, that is, the place where the plate member  8   a  was arranged so as to close up the through-hole  5   a  and the place between the outer surface of the container at the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  and the cover member  13 , the vacuum airtight container having sufficient airtightness could be obtained. Further, in this example, the capacity of the inside of the tray shape (i.e., the capacity of the concave portion) of the cover member  13  and the sum of the volume of the plate member  8   a  and the volume of the sealant were aligned. For this reason, the sealant was formed closely in the inside (i.e., the concave portion) of the cover member  13 , an appearance with the sealant not overflowing outside the cover member  13  was obtained. Further, as compared with a case of arranging the whole of the container  1  within the vacuum chamber, when the plural vacuum airtight containers were continuously manufactured, it was possible to only connect the container  1  at the portion of the O-ring  29  and exhaust the insides of the flange and the container, whereby the inner capacity to be exhausted and vacuumized was small. For this reason, since a time required for exhaust could be shortened, a total manufacturing time could be shortened. 
     Example 4 
     This is an example of manufacturing an airtight container of an image displaying apparatus by partially modifying the second embodiment. In any case, this example will be described with reference to FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″,  9  and  13 . 
     In this example, as indicated in  FIG. 13 , an anode electrode  28  was provided inside the container  1  serving as an envelope, and a spring terminal  27  serving as a terminal unit composed of a conductive material was provided on the plate member  8   a  having the projection. Incidentally, it should be noted that the constitution in this example is similar to that in the example 2 except that the spring terminal  27  was provided and the materials of the plate member and the cover member were respectively different. As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the container  1  was held in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was exhausted to be vacuumized by using the exhaust unit  22  having the turbo-molecular pump and the dry scroll pump. The heaters  19   a  and  19   b  were included in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  as the heating units. Further, as indicated in FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″ and  13 , the container  1  had a face plate  2  and a rear plate  3  opposite to each other via a support frame  4 . Furthermore, surface conduction electron-emitting devices (not illustrated) were formed on the inner surface of the rear plate  3  having the through-hole, and the anode electrode  28  and light emission members (not illustrated) were formed on the inner surface of the face plate  2 . Further, an envelope (the container  1 ) was formed so that the surface-conduction electron-emitting devices, the anode electrode and the light emission members were arranged in the envelope. The container  1  had the through-hole  5   a  having the diameter of 4 mm on its lower surface, and the distance from the outside of the hole to the anode electrode was 3.4 mm. 
     In FIGS.  5 A to  5 E″ and 13, an Fe—Ni alloy having the diameter of 10 mm and the thickness of 500 μm was prepared as the cover member  13 . The recessed portion (recession) was provided at the center of the cover member  13 . The recessed portion (recession) had the diameter of 7.5 mm and the depth of 0.5 mm. The four grooves  100  each having the size of about 2 mm in length and breadth were provided on the side wall  132  of the cover member  13 . On the cover member  13 , the sealant  12  of In molded to have the diameter of 7 mm and the thickness of 0.4 mm was provided. On the sealant  12 , the platy plate member  8   a  of Fe—Ni allow, which had the diameter of 5 mm and the thickness of 0.3 mm and had at its center the projection  18  having the diameter of 1 mm and the height of 1 mm, was laminated. Here, the spring terminal  27  made by a conductive material was welded to the upper portion of the projection. Thus, the laminated body  16  was prepared. The length of the spring terminal was 4 mm. The rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  was equipped with the stage  24  capable of applying the press force to be operated in the vertical upward direction by the spring member  25  having the spring constant of about 1N/mm. Then, the laminated body  16  set on the stage  24  was arranged in the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . Since the recessed portion (recession) was provided on the cover member  13  of the laminated body  16 , positioning of the plate member  8   a  and the sealant  12  could be performed. 
     Process (a) 
     Initially, the laminated body  16  was arranged to a position not to be heated by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b , by the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23 . Next, the exhaust unit  22  was operated to exhaust the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 , and the vacuum degree of the inside of the container  1  was decreased to a level equal to or less than 1×10 −4  Pa via the through-hole  5   a . The heaters  19   a  and  19   b  were operated in conformity with the exhausting process, and the container  1  was heated at 350° C. for an hour by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b  to exhaust adsorption gas in the container  1 . After then, the heaters  19   a  and  19   b  and the container  1  were naturally cooled to reach the temperature of 100° C. 
     Process (b) 
     The laminated body  16  was moved to the position immediately below the through-hole  5   a  by the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23 . Subsequently, a reheating process was performed by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b  while the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was being exhausted continuously. Thus, the container  1 , the stage including the spring member  25 , and the respective members of the laminated body  16  were respectively heated to 100° C. being equal to or less than a melting temperature of In, so as to have the same temperature as that of the container  1 . 
     Process (c) 
     The laminated body  16  held by the stage  24  was slowly moved upward by using the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  until the plate member  8   a  came into contact with the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  in a state of the projection  18  of the plate member  8   a  being inserted in the through-hole  5   a . Subsequently, the rotating/vertical moving mechanism  23  was moved upward by 5 mm at speed of 1 mm/sec so that the plate member  8   a  was pressed by the spring member  25 . 
     Process (d) 
     The temperatures of the container  1  and the respective members were raised to 160° C., which is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of In, at a speed rate of 3° C./min by the heaters  19   a  and  19   b . Also, when In was melted, since the respective members were being continuously pressed toward the through-hole  5   a  by the spring member  25 , the sealant did not flow into the through-hole even if the sealant  12  was deformed according to the melting of In, whereby the container  1  was sealed. In this case, as described above, since the sum of the length of the spring terminal  27  and the length of the projection  18  of the plate member was larger than the distance between the outer surface of the rear plate and the anode electrode, the spring member  27  serving as a terminal unit was fixed in the state that the spring member  27  kept shortened by 1.6 mm was in contact with the anode electrode  28 . 
     After then, the temperature was cooled down to the room temperature while the laminated body  16  was being pressed by the spring member  25 . Then, the inside of the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31  was purged, and the manufactured container  1  was taken out from the vacuum-exhaust chamber  31 . 
     As just described, in the manufactured airtight container, In having the thickness of 300 μm was formed closely between the cover member  13  and the outer surface  6  of the container  1 . Further, since the pressing by the spring member was continuously performed in the processes (c) and (d), the plate member  8   a  was continuously pressed to the periphery of the through-hole  5   a  while In serving as the sealant  12  was melted and deformed in the process (d). As a result, it was able to prevent the sealant  12  from flowing into the through-hole  5   a . In addition, since the two places, that is, the periphery of the plate member  8   a  and the through-hole  5   a  and the periphery of the cover member  13  and the through-hole  5   a , were sealed, the vacuum airtight container having sufficient airtightness could be obtained. 
     In this manner, an image forming apparatus, of which the inside had been exhausted to be vacuumized, having therein surface conduction electron-emitting devices could be obtained. Incidentally, the spring terminal  27  made by the conductive material was held in the state that the sprint terminal  27  was in contact with the anode electrode  28  in the image displaying apparatus. Further, since the plate member  8   a  welded with the spring terminal  27  was the Fe—Ni alloy, the sealant  12  was In, and the cover member  13  was also the Fe—Ni alloy, then the cover member  13  and the anode electrode  28  are electrically conductive. In this example, in the manufacture of the vacuum airtight container, the conductive electrode to the inside of the vacuum container could be made at the same time when the container was sealed. Incidentally, in this example, the envelope of the image displaying apparatus was manufactured by using the laminated body obtained by laminating the plate member, the sealant and the cover member. However, the manufacturing method is not limited to this. That is, this method is also applicable to the method described in the first embodiment, and, in this case, the same effect can be obtained. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions. 
     This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-012910, filed Jan. 23, 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.