Patent Publication Number: US-9406904-B2

Title: Organic light-emitting display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/953,688, filed on Jul. 29, 2013, which claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0035958, filed on Apr. 2, 2013, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In general, an organic light-emitting display apparatus is a display apparatus including an organic light-emitting device, a pixel electrode, a counter electrode facing the pixel electrode, and an intermediate layer positioned between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the organic light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer, for each pixel. 
     Because an organic light-emitting device included in the organic light-emitting display apparatus is highly vulnerable to moisture or the like, the organic light-emitting device may be covered with an encapsulation layer to prevent or substantially prevent external impurities or contaminants from penetrating into the organic light-emitting device. 
     SUMMARY 
     An encapsulation layer may be damaged during a manufacturing process in a typical method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus. If the encapsulation layer is damaged, protection by the encapsulation layer of an organic light-emitting device from external impurities and contaminants may be reduced. 
     Embodiments of the present invention provide an organic light-emitting display apparatus capable of preventing, substantially preventing, or reducing damage of an encapsulation layer for protecting an organic light-emitting device from external impurities during a manufacturing process, and a method of manufacturing the same. However, the above aspects of the present invention are only examples and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an organic light-emitting display apparatus including: a substrate; an organic light-emitting device on the substrate; an encapsulation layer covering the organic light-emitting device; and a low adhesive layer covering the encapsulation layer. 
     The low adhesive layer may include fluorine. 
     A degree of adhesion between an adhesive layer of a temporary protective film and the low adhesive layer may be lower than a degree of adhesion between the low adhesive layer and the encapsulation layer. 
     The encapsulation layer may have a layered structure in which an organic layer and an inorganic layer are alternatingly arranged such that an outermost layer in contact with the low adhesive layer is an inorganic layer. 
     The organic light-emitting display apparatus may further include a final protective film on the low adhesive layer. 
     Also, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may further include: a functional layer on the low adhesive layer, and the functional layer may include at least one of a polarizing film or a touch film; and a final protective film on the functional layer. 
     The low adhesive layer may include at least a portion of products obtained by reacting tetrafluorocarbon and hydrogen. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus including: forming an organic light-emitting device on a substrate; forming an encapsulation layer to cover the organic light-emitting device; and forming a low adhesive layer covering the encapsulation layer. 
     A degree of adhesion between an adhesive layer of a temporary protective film and the low adhesive layer is lower than a degree of adhesion between the low adhesive layer and the encapsulation layer. 
     The low adhesive layer may include fluorine. 
     The forming of the encapsulation layer may be forming the encapsulation layer as a layered structure in which an organic layer and an inorganic layer are alternatingly arranged such that the inorganic layer is an outermost layer. 
     The method may further include attaching a temporary protective film on the low adhesive layer; removing the temporary protective film; and attaching a final protective film on the low adhesive layer. 
     The method may further include forming a functional layer including at least one of a polarizing film or a touch film on the low adhesive layer, wherein forming the functional layer occurs between the removing of the temporary protective film and the attaching of the final protective film. 
     Forming the low adhesive layer may include reacting tetrafluorocarbon and hydrogen. 
     Forming the low adhesive layer may include using a chemical vapor deposition method. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features and aspects of embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in some detail example embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
         FIGS. 1 through 4  are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a manufacturing process of an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments of the invention are shown. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. Also, in the drawings, the sizes of elements may be scaled up or down for convenience in description. For example, because the thickness and size of each element in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience in description, the present invention is not limited to those illustrated. 
     When an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. 
     As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
       FIGS. 1 through 4  are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a manufacturing process of an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     According to a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to the present embodiment, an organic light-emitting device  300  is formed on a substrate  110  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . However, a thin film transistor  200  controlling the presence and degree of light emission of the organic light-emitting device  300  may be formed before the organic light-emitting device  300  is formed. 
     The substrate  110  may be formed of various suitable materials, such as a glass material, a metallic material, or a plastic material, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyimide. Another layer, such as a buffer layer  115 , may be added between the substrate  110  and the thin film transistor  200 . However, the buffer layer  115  may be formed on or across an entire surface of the substrate  110  and may be formed in a patterned form. 
     When the thin film transistor  200  is formed on the substrate  110 , a capacitor (not shown) in addition to the thin film transistor  200  may be formed together with the thin film transistor  200 . 
     First, a semiconductor layer  210  is formed on the buffer layer  115 . The semiconductor layer  210  may be formed of amorphous silicon, oxide, or polycrystalline silicon, or may be formed of an organic semiconductor material. In one embodiment, the semiconductor layer  210  may include a source region and a drain region that are doped with dopants, and a channel region. Thereafter, a gate dielectric  130  covering the semiconductor layer  210  is formed, and a gate electrode  220  is formed on the gate dielectric  130 . However, a first capacitor electrode (not shown) may be concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) formed during the formation of the gate electrode  220 . 
     The gate dielectric  130  may be typically formed to cover the entire surface of the semiconductor layer  210  and the buffer layer  115 . In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layer  130  may be formed in a patterned form (e.g., across only portions of the semiconductor layer  210  and the buffer layer  115 ). The gate dielectric  130  may be formed of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or other insulating organic and inorganic materials. The gate electrode  220 , for example, may be formed as a single layer or with multiple layers, and may include one or more conductive materials such as aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu), or a suitable alloy thereof, in consideration of adhesion with an adjacent layer, surface flatness of a stacked layer, and processability. 
     Subsequently, an interlayer dielectric  140  is formed of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or other insulating organic and inorganic materials to cover the gate electrode  220  and the gate dielectric  130 , and portions of the gate dielectric  130  and the interlayer dielectric  140  are removed to form a contact hole so as to expose a region (e.g., a predetermined region) of the semiconducting layer  210 . The interlayer dielectric  140  may also be partially patterned. Thereafter, source electrode/drain electrodes  230  are formed to contact the semiconducting layer  210  through the contact hole and thus, the thin film transistor  220  may be formed. However, a second capacitor electrode (not shown) may be concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) formed during the formation of the source electrode/drain electrodes  230 . Accordingly, a capacitor having the first capacitor electrode positioned or located (e.g., formed) on the same layer as the gate electrode  220  and the second capacitor electrode positioned or located (e.g., formed) on the same layer as the source electrode/drain electrodes  230  may be formed on the substrate  110 . The source electrode/drain electrode  230 , for example, may be formed as a single layer or multiple layers, and may include a conductive material such as Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, Ti, W, and Cu, or a suitable alloy thereof, in consideration of conductivity and the like. 
     After the thin film transistor  200  is formed, a protective layer  150  is formed of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or other suitable insulating organic and inorganic materials to cover the source electrode/drain electrodes  230  of the thin film transistor  200  and the interlayer dielectric  140 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a planarization layer  160  having a substantially flat top surface is formed on the protective layer  150 . The planarization layer  160  may be formed of an acrylic inorganic, a polyimide, or benzocyclobutene (BCB), and may be formed of silicon oxide or silicon nitride. A top portion of the planarization layer  160  thus formed may be planarized by a suitable planarization technique such as a mechanical method (such as milling). 
     After the formation of the planarization layer  160 , a via hole is formed in the protective layer  150  and the planarization layer  160  so as to expose any one of the source electrode/drain electrodes  230  of the thin film transistor  200  through the protective layer  150  and the planarization layer  160 . Next, a pixel electrode  310  is formed on the planarization layer  160  to be electrically coupled to the thin film transistor  200  through the via hole. A pixel-defining layer  170  having a single or multilayer structure is formed of an organic material, such as polyacrylate and polyimide, or a material, such as a suitable inorganic layer, so as to expose a portion including a center portion of the pixel electrode  310 . 
     The pixel electrode  310  may be formed as a (semi) transparent electrode or a reflective electrode. In a case where the pixel electrode  310  is formed as a (semi) transparent electrode, the pixel electrode  310 , for example, may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In a case where the pixel electrode  310  is formed as a reflective electrode, the pixel electrode  310  may include a reflective layer formed of Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, or a compound thereof, and a layer formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In 2 O 3 . However, the configuration and material of the pixel electrode  310  are not limited thereto, and various modifications may be possible. 
     The pixel-defining layer  170  may define a pixel by having an opening corresponding to each sub-pixel, i.e., an opening to expose the center portion of the pixel electrode  310  or the entire pixel electrode  310 . Also, the pixel-defining layer  170  may act to prevent (or substantially prevent) the generation of arcs at edges of the pixel electrode  310  by increasing distances between the edges of the pixel electrode  310  and a counter electrode  330  above the pixel electrode  310 . 
     Thereafter, an intermediate layer  320 , including a light-emitting layer, is formed, and the counter electrode  330  is subsequently formed so as to at least correspond to the pixel electrode  310  or correspond to most of the area of the substrate  110 , and thus, an organic light-emitting display apparatus, including the organic light-emitting device  300  that is electrically coupled to the thin film transistor  200 , may be manufactured. 
     The intermediate layer  320  positioned or located (e.g., formed) between the pixel electrode  310  and the counter electrode  330  may be formed of a low molecular weight material or a polymer material. In a case where the intermediate layer  320  is formed of a low molecular weight material, the intermediate layer  320  may be formed by stacking or layering a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL) in a single or composite structure. Various suitable materials including copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), and tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) may be used as an organic material suitable for the intermediate layer  320 . The above layers may be formed by a suitable deposition technique, such as vacuum deposition or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI). 
     In a case where the intermediate layer  320  is formed of a polymer material, the intermediate layer  320  may have a structure generally including an HTL and an EML, in which poly-(3,4)-ethylene-dihydroxy thiophene (PEDOT) or polyaniline (PANI) may be used as the HTL, and a polymer material, such as poly-phenylenevinylenes (PPVs) and polyfluorenes, may be used as the EML. The above layers may be formed by a suitable deposition technique, such as screen printing, inkjet printing, or LITI. 
     However, the intermediate layer  320  is not limited thereto, and the intermediate layer  320  may also have various structures. 
     The counter electrode  330  may cover a display area (active area) by being formed in one piece or a continuous layer in a plurality of pixels. Herein, the expression “display area” denotes all areas in which light may be emitted by an entire organic light-emitting display apparatus, and for example, may denote all areas except edges of the organic light-emitting display apparatus on which a controller or the like is positioned or located. However, in a case where a dead area does not exist on an entire surface of the organic light-emitting display apparatus, the entire surface of the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be denoted as the display area. 
     The counter electrode  330  may be in contact with an electrode power supply line outside of the display area to receive an electrical signal from the electrode power supply line. The counter electrode  330  may be formed as a (semi) transparent electrode or a reflective electrode. In a case where the counter electrode  330  is formed as a (semi) transparent electrode, the counter electrode  330  may include a layer in which Li, Ca, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, Al, Mg, or a compound thereof is deposited to face the intermediate layer  320 , or an auxiliary electrode or a bus electrode line formed of a (semi) transparent material, such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In 2 O 3 . In a case where the counter electrode  330  is formed as a reflective electrode, the counter electrode  330 , for example, may have a layer including one or more materials of Li, Ca, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, Al, Ag, and Mg. However, the configuration and material of the counter electrode  330  are not limited thereto, and various modifications may be possible. 
     After the organic light-emitting device  300  is formed on the substrate  110 , an encapsulation layer  400  is formed to cover the organic light-emitting device  300 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . In one embodiment, the encapsulation layer  400  having a layered structure is formed, in which an organic layer  420  and an inorganic layer  410  are alternatingly arranged (e.g., formed) with the inorganic layer  410  as an outermost layer. 
     Because the organic light-emitting device  300  may be easily deteriorated by an external factor, such as external moisture or oxygen, the encapsulation layer  400  may prevent external oxygen or moisture from penetrating into the organic light-emitting device  300 . In this case, because external impurities may penetrate through the encapsulation layer  400  when the encapsulation layer  400  is formed in a single layer structure, the encapsulation layer  400  may be allowed to have a multilayer structure. In this case, when the encapsulation layer  400  is formed only as an organic layer or an inorganic layer, oxygen or moisture may penetrate from the outside through fine passages formed in the encapsulation layer  400 . Therefore, in order not to generate fine passages interconnected to the organic light-emitting device  300  in the encapsulation layer  400 , the encapsulation layer  400  may have a layered structure in which the organic layer  420  and the inorganic layer  410  are alternatingly stacked, and thus, the generation of the interconnected fine passages may be prevented, substantially prevented, or reduced. 
     When the encapsulation layer  400  is formed, the outermost layer of the encapsulation layer  400  may include the inorganic layer  410  by using a material such as silicon nitride and/or silicon oxide. The reason for this is that a mechanical strength of an inorganic layer may be higher than that of an organic layer. 
     After the encapsulation layer  400  is formed, a low adhesive layer  510  covering the encapsulation layer  400  is formed as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The low adhesive layer  510  may include a material in which a degree or level of adhesion between the low adhesive layer  510  and another adhesive layer that is subsequently formed over the low adhesive layer  510  may be lower than a degree or level of adhesion between the adhesive layer  510  and the encapsulation layer  400 . That is, the low adhesive layer  510  may include a material in which the degree of adhesion between another adhesive layer to be in contact with the low adhesive layer  510  at a later time is lower than a degree of adhesion between the low adhesive layer  510  and the inorganic layer  410 , the outermost layer of the encapsulation layer  400 . In other words, the low adhesive layer  510  may adhere more strongly to the encapsulation layer  400  than to an adhesive layer of a temporary protective film  530 ′ which may be attached to the low adhesive layer  510  later. For example, the low adhesive layer  510  may include fluorine or another suitable low adhesive layer material. 
     The low adhesive layer  510  (e.g., including fluorine) may be formed by reacting tetrafluorocarbon (CF 4 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ). In one embodiment, the low adhesive layer  510  may be formed by using a chemical vapor deposition method, and in this case, tetrafluorocarbon is reacted with hydrogen to generate methane (CH 4 ) and fluorine. Thus, the low adhesive layer  510 , a fluorine layer, or a layer including fluorine, is formed on the encapsulation layer  400 . 
     In a case where the chemical vapor deposition method is used to form the low adhesive layer  510 , because the inorganic layer  410 , the outermost layer of the encapsulation layer  400 , may be formed by using the chemical vapor deposition method and the low adhesive layer  510  may be subsequently formed in the same chamber, the low adhesive layer  510  may be effectively formed while maintaining relatively high productivity. Because the low adhesive layer  510  is a hydrophobic layer, the low adhesive layer  510  may effectively prevent or reduce corrosion of the inorganic layer  410  of the encapsulation layer  400  due to moisture during a subsequent manufacturing process or after completion of the manufacturing of the organic light-emitting display apparatus. 
     After the formation of the low adhesive layer  510 , a temporary protective film  530 ′ may be attached to the low adhesive layer  510 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , in order for the organic light-emitting device  300  or the encapsulation layer  400  not to be damaged during a subsequent manufacturing process. After the attachment of the temporary protective film  530 ′, a subsequent process, e.g., scribing and/or a cleaning process, may be performed. Herein, the expression “scribing” denotes that, in a state of attaching a temporary protective film after a plurality of display areas having an organic light-emitting device as a pixel are formed on a mother substrate, and an encapsulation layer and a low adhesive layer are then formed, a plurality of organic light-emitting display apparatuses are concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) manufactured by cutting the mother substrate along the outside of the plurality of display areas. 
     In a case where the subsequent process, such as scribing and/or a cleaning process, is performed, the low adhesive layer  510  or the encapsulation layer  400  may be damaged if the temporary protective film  530 ′ does not exist. Therefore, in order to prevent the damage thereof, the subsequent process may be performed in a state of having the temporary protective film  530 ′ attached on the low adhesive layer  510 . The temporary protective film  530 ′ may be removed after the subsequent process is performed. 
     The temporary protective film  530 ′ may have a structure including a layer formed of a material, such as polyethylene terephthalate, and an adhesive layer coated on one surface of the layer. 
     Therefore, when the temporary protective film  530 ′ is attached to any surface and then detached after the subsequent process has been performed, the surface having the temporary protective film  530 ′ attached thereto may be damaged due to the adhesion of the adhesive layer. 
     For example, it may be considered that the temporary protective film  530 ′ is attached to the encapsulation layer  400  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , before the low adhesive layer  510  is formed. In this case, because the adhesion between the inorganic layer  410 , such as silicon oxide and/or silicon nitride, as the outermost layer of the encapsulation layer  400  and the adhesive layer of the temporary protective film  530 ′ is high, defects, in which a portion of the inorganic layer  410  is delaminated by being adhered to the temporary protective film  530 ′ or a surface of the inorganic layer  410  is damaged, may occur during the detachment of the temporary protective film  530 ′ after the subsequent process is performed. The defects may eventually cause degradation of the performance of the encapsulation layer  400  and may subsequently cause damage of the organic light-emitting device due to external oxygen, moisture, or other contaminants reacting or interacting with the organic light-emitting device. 
     However, with respect to the method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus, according to the present embodiment, the low adhesive layer  510  is formed on the encapsulation layer  400  and the temporary protective film  530 ′ is attached to the low adhesive layer  510  as described above. In this case, because the adhesion between the adhesive layer of the temporary protective film  530 ′ and the low adhesive layer  510  is lower than the adhesion between the adhesive layer of the temporary protective film  530 ′ and the inorganic layer  410 , the temporary protective film  530 ′ may be effectively detached or removed while surface damage of the low adhesive layer  510  is minimized during the detachment of the temporary protective film  530 ′ after the subsequent process is performed. 
     Therefore, according to the method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus, according to the present embodiment, an organic light-emitting display apparatus having the low adhesive layer  510  with minimized surface damage may be manufactured by removing the temporary protective film  530 ′ as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
     However, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , in one embodiment, a final protective film  530  may be attached to or formed over the low adhesive layer  510  after removing the temporary protective film  530 ′. For example, the final protective film  530  may protect a surface of the organic light-emitting display apparatus by performing a hard coating treatment with polyethylene terephthalate, even in the case that a mechanical impact from the outside is applied. 
     In one embodiment, before the final protective film  530  is attached after the temporary protective film  530 ′ has been removed, a functional layer including at least any one of layers, such as a polarizing film and a touch film, is formed on the low adhesive layer  510 , and the final protective film  530  may be attached to the functional layer. In using the organic light-emitting display apparatus after the manufacture thereof is completed, the polarizing film may act to prevent or reduce a rapid decrease in visibility of an image reproduced in the display apparatus while external light is incident on the organic light-emitting display apparatus and reflected back therefrom. 
     While the method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus has been described, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, an organic light-emitting display apparatus manufactured by using the same method or a similar method may also be included in the scope of the present invention. 
     The organic light-emitting display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a structure as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . That is, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may include a substrate  110 , an organic light-emitting device  300  positioned or located (e.g., formed) on the substrate  110 , an encapsulation layer  400  covering the organic light-emitting device  300 , and a low adhesive layer  510  covering the encapsulation layer  400 . 
     The low adhesive layer  510  may include fluorine, and the adhesion of an adhesive layer with the low adhesive layer  510  may be controlled to be lower than the adhesion of the adhesive layer with the encapsulation layer  400 . In one embodiment, the encapsulation layer  400  may have a layered structure in which an organic layer  420  and an inorganic layer  410  are alternatingly arranged (e.g., formed) so as to allow the inorganic layer  410  to be a portion in contact with the low adhesive layer  510 , wherein the adhesion of the adhesive layer with the low adhesive layer  510  may be controlled to be lower than the adhesion of the adhesive layer with the inorganic layer  410 , the outermost layer of the encapsulation layer  400 . Accordingly, when a temporary protective film is attached to the low adhesive layer  510  during the manufacturing process and then detached after a subsequent process has been performed, the temporary protective film may be cleanly detached while the low adhesive layer  510  is not damaged. 
     However, because the low adhesive layer  510  including fluorine is a hydrophobic layer, the low adhesive layer  510  may effectively prevent or reduce corrosion of the inorganic layer  410  of the encapsulation layer  400  due to moisture or other external contaminants during a subsequent manufacturing process or after completion of the manufacturing of the organic light-emitting display apparatus. 
     As described above, the low adhesive layer  510  may be formed to include at least a portion of products obtained by reacting CF 4  and H 2 , and in one embodiment, the low adhesive layer  510  may be formed by using a chemical vapor deposition method. In this case, because the inorganic layer  410 , the outermost layer of the encapsulation layer  400 , may be formed by using a chemical vapor deposition method and the low adhesive layer  510  may be subsequently formed in the same chamber, the low adhesive layer  510  may be effectively formed while maintaining productivity. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , an organic light-emitting display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention may further include the final protective film  530  positioned or located (e.g., formed) on the low adhesive layer  510 . For example, the final protective film  530  may protect a surface of the organic light-emitting display apparatus by performing a hard coating treatment with polyethylene terephthalate, even in the case that a mechanical impact from the outside is applied. 
     In one embodiment, before the final protective film  530  is attached, a functional layer including at least any one of layers, such as a polarizing film and a touch film, is formed on the low adhesive layer  510 , and the final protective film  530  may be attached to the functional layer. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, an organic light-emitting display apparatus capable of preventing or reducing damage of an encapsulation layer and protecting an organic light-emitting device from external impurities or contaminants during a manufacturing process, and a method of manufacturing the same may be realized. However, the scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to such effects. 
     While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims, and their equivalents.