Patent Publication Number: US-2019198981-A1

Title: Wearable heads-up displays employing a core wire communicatively coupled to a radio as an antenna

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present systems, devices, and methods generally relate to eyeglasses frames and eyeglasses frames assemblies (i.e., eyewear) for wearable electronic devices, and particularly relate to systems, devices, and methods that employ a core wire as an antenna in eyeglasses frames and eyeglasses frames assemblies for wearable heads-up displays. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Wearable Heads-Up Displays 
     A head-mounted display is an electronic device that is worn on a user&#39;s head and, when so worn, secures at least one electronic display within a viewable field of at least one of the user&#39;s eyes, regardless of the position or orientation of the user&#39;s head. A wearable heads-up display is a head-mounted display that enables the user to see displayed content but also does not prevent the user from being able to see their external environment. Examples of wearable heads-up displays include: the Google Glass®, the Optinvent Ora®, the Epson Moverio®, and the Microsoft Hololens® just to name a few. 
     The optical performance of a wearable heads-up display is an important factor in its design. When it comes to face-worn devices, however, users also care a lot about aesthetics. This is clearly highlighted by the immensity of the eyeglass (including sunglass) frame industry. Independent of their performance limitations, many of the aforementioned examples of wearable heads-up displays have struggled to find traction in consumer markets because, at least in part, they lack fashion appeal. Most wearable heads-up displays presented to date are bulky, to enable adequate display performance, and, as a result, appear very unnatural on a user&#39;s face compared to the sleeker and more streamlined look of typical eyeglass and sunglass lenses. However, a traditional eyeglasses frame is problematic when correct alignment of optical components carried by the eyeglasses frame is a necessity for a high-quality display. Because traditional eyeglasses have hinges where the arms meet the rest of the frame, any optical components carried on the arms may move relative to the rest of the frame or to the eye of the user while being worn, resulting in loss of or distortion of the display. There is a need in the art for means to successfully integrate electronic components into smaller frames in order to achieve the inconspicuous form factor and fashion appeal expected of the eyeglass frame industry while still maintaining a high display quality. 
     Inter-Device Connectivity 
     Another important factor in the design of electronic devices, including wearable heads-up displays, is the integration of components that allow for communication between devices. Examples of systems that integrate such inter-device connectivity are smart phones, watches, and headphones with Bluetooth® radio antennas. However, the design form factor and location of an antenna within an electronic device is important because the location of the antenna relative to other components, both electronic and non-electronic, within the device impacts the functionality of the antenna. In some cases, interference from other components within the device significantly reduces the range, signal strength, and overall connectivity capabilities of the antenna, thus preventing the antenna from effectively connecting or communicating with other electronic devices. In many cases, a similar result occurs depending on the distance and orientation of the antenna relative to an external device with which the antenna is communicating. As such, there remains a need in the art for integrating radio antennas into a compact, aesthetically-pleasing form factor for a wearable heads-up display in order to maximize connectivity, range, and signal strength of the antenna, regardless of the position of an external device relative to the antenna over a given range. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     A first exemplary implementation of an apparatus, such as a glasses form factor for a wearable heads-up display, may be summarized as including: a front eyeglass frame, including: a first rim, a second rim, and a bridge that physically couples the first rim and the second rim; a first arm coupled to the first rim and having a first temple portion including an anterior portion and a posterior portion; a second arm coupled to the second rim and having a second temple portion; a radio operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals; and a core wire housed in the first arm and that extends along at least a portion of the posterior portion of the first temple portion, the core wire repeatedly plastically deformable without breaking to retain at least the posterior portion in a shape, the core wire communicatively coupled to the radio as an antenna. 
     The apparatus may further include: the radio being operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals at a first wavelength, and the core wire having a length that is at least approximately equal to a reciprocal of an integer of the wavelength; the radio being operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals at a first wavelength, and the core wire having a length that is at least approximately equal to ¼, ⅓, or ½ of the wavelength; a length of the antenna being between 30 millimeters and 63 millimeters; at least a piece of the posterior portion being metal and coupled to a ground; a hinge between the anterior portion and the posterior portion and a printed circuit board in electrical communication with the core wire; and the core wire being electrically coupled to the hinge and extending from the hinge along at least the portion of the posterior portion of the first temple portion. 
     The apparatus may further include: an electrically conductive path from the printed circuit board to the core wire passing through at least the portion of the posterior portion, a portion of the hinge, and a portion of the anterior portion of the first temple portion; the electrically conductive path including: the printed circuit board housed in the anterior portion, the radio carried by the printed circuit board, the hinge, a conduit electrically connecting the hinge and the printed circuit board, and the core wire electrically coupled to the hinge; the conduit being one of a coaxial cable electrically coupled between the printed circuit board and the hinge and a shielded trace carried by at least one layer of the printed circuit board; an electrically conductive path between the printed circuit board and the core wire passing through at least the portion of the posterior portion and a portion of the anterior portion of the first temple portion, wherein the hinge is electrically isolated from the electrically conductive path. 
     The apparatus may further include: the electrically conductive path including: a first contact in the anterior portion proximate the hinge, a conduit electrically connecting the printed circuit board to the first contact, a second contact in the posterior portion proximate the hinge, the second contact electrically coupled to the core wire, and a pin having an unfolded configuration and a folded configuration, wherein in the unfolded configuration, the pin electrically couples the first contact and the second contact and in the folded configuration, the pin isolates the first contact from the second contact; the conduit being one of a coaxial cable and a shielded trace; the pin comprising a first pin portion and a second pin portion, the first pin portion electrically coupled to the core wire and the second pin portion electrically coupled to the first pin portion, the second pin portion removably coupleable with the first contact; and a housing surrounding at least the second pin portion, the housing received by the anterior portion of the first temple portion. 
     The core wire may be deformable without breaking to retain at least the posterior portion in a shape. 
     A second exemplary implementation of an apparatus, such as a glasses form factor for a wearable heads-up display, may be summarized as including: a front eyeglass frame, including: a first rim, a second rim, and a bridge that physically couples the first rim and the second rim; a first arm coupled to the first rim and having a first temple portion, the first temple portion including an anterior portion, a posterior portion, and a first hinge between the anterior portion and the posterior portion of the first arm; a second arm coupled to the second rim and having a second temple portion, the second temple portion including a second hinge; a radio operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals; a core wire housed in the first arm and extending along at least a portion of the posterior portion of the first temple portion, the core wire communicatively coupled to the radio as an antenna; and an electrically conductive path electrically connecting the radio and the core wire, the electrically conductive path passing through the first hinge, wherein the first hinge is electrically isolated from the electrically conductive path. 
     The apparatus may further include: the electrically conductive path including a conduit, the conduit comprising one of a flexible coaxial cable and a flexible shielded trace; the core wire being repeatedly plastically deformable without breaking to retain at least the posterior portion in a shape; and the first hinge being plastic. 
     The radio may be operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals at a first wavelength, and the core wire may have a length that is at least approximately equal to a reciprocal of an integer of the wavelength. For example, the core wire may have a length that is at least approximately equal to ¼, ⅓, or ½ of the wavelength. The length of the antenna may be between 30 millimeters and 63 millimeters. 
     At least a piece of the posterior portion may be metal, and may be coupled to a ground. 
     A third exemplary implementation of an apparatus, such as a glasses form factor for a wearable heads-up display, may be summarized as including: a front eyeglass frame, including: a first rim, a second rim, and a bridge that physically couples the first rim and the second rim; a first arm coupled to the first rim and having a first temple portion, the first temple portion including an anterior portion, a posterior portion, and a first hinge between the anterior portion and the posterior portion of the first arm; a second arm coupled to the second rim and having a second temple portion, the second temple portion including a second hinge; a radio operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals; a core wire housed in the first arm and that extends along at least a portion of the posterior portion of the first temple portion, the core wire communicatively coupled to the radio as an antenna; and an electrically conductive path electrically connecting the radio and the core wire, the electrically conductive path including at least a portion of the first hinge. 
     The apparatus may further include: the first hinge comprising a barrel hinge, the barrel hinge including at least a first barrel coupled to a second barrel by a fastener, wherein the electrically conductive path includes at least a portion of the first barrel and a portion of the second barrel; the first hinge comprising a spring hinge, the spring hinge including at least a first barrel coupled to a second barrel by a fastener and a spring coupled to the first barrel and the second barrel, wherein the electrically conductive path includes at least a portion of the first barrel, a portion of the second barrel, and the spring; the first hinge further including: an outer housing, an inner housing coupled to the outer housing by a first fastener, the inner housing having a first barrel, a spring housed in the inner housing and coupled to the first barrel, and a second barrel coupled to the first barrel and the inner housing by a second fastener; the electrically conductive path including the first fastener, the outer housing, the second fastener, and the second barrel; and the electrically conductive path including the first fastener, the first barrel, and the second barrel. 
     The radio may be operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals at a first wavelength, and the core wire may have a length that is at least approximately equal to a reciprocal of an integer of the wavelength. For example, the core wire may have a length that is at least approximately equal to ¼, ⅓, or ½ of the wavelength. The length of the antenna may be between 30 millimeters and 63 millimeters. 
     At least a piece of the posterior portion may be metal, and may be coupled to a ground. The core wire may be deformable without breaking to retain at least the posterior portion in a shape. 
     A wearable heads-up display (“WHUD”) according to some of the teachings herein may be summarized as including a support structure that in use is worn on a head of a user and a display component carried by the support structure. The display component allows the user to view displayed content (i.e., on a transparent combiner) but which also permits the user to see their external environment. 
     In some cases a transparent combiner is positioned within a field of view of an eye of the user when the support structure is worn on the head of the user. 
     In some implementations the WHUD includes a laser projector carried by the support structure, the laser projector being is positioned and oriented to scan laser light over at least a first area of the transparent combiner. The support structure may have the shape and appearance of an eyeglasses frame and the transparent combiner may include an eyeglass lens. 
     Generally WHUD also includes a communication module for communication with other electronic devices. In some implementations, the communication module includes an antenna that is at least partially integrated with the support structure. In some implementations, one or more components of the antenna are integrated within one or more of the support arms of a pair of eyeglasses. In some implementations, one or more components of the antenna are integrated within a rim portion of a pair of eyeglasses, the rim portion supporting one or more eyeglass lenses. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some of these elements may be arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn are not necessarily intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the particular elements, and may have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the drawings. 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of a glasses frame formed according to the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of a first arm of a glasses frame according to the present disclosure having an antenna housed in the first arm. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an alternative exemplary implementation of a glasses frame formed according to the present disclosure and having an antenna housed in the frame. 
         FIG. 4A  is a left side view of an exemplary implementation of a core wire formed according to the present disclosure and acting as an antenna as part of an electrically conductive path including at least a portion of a hinge. 
         FIG. 4B  is a right side view of the core wire and electrically conductive path of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 4C  is a cross-sectional view of the hinge and a portion of the electrically conductive path of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 5A  is a right side view of an alternative exemplary implementation of a core wire formed according to the present disclosure and acting as an antenna as part of an electrically conductive path that is electrically isolated from a hinge. 
         FIG. 5B  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the electrically conductive path of  FIG. 5A  showing a pin connection in the electrically conductive path. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of a system incorporating a wearable heads-up display in communication with at least one other electronic device in accordance with the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram of a wearable heads-up display in accordance with the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 8A  is a schematic representation of a wearable heads-up display worn on a head of a user. 
         FIG. 8B  is a schematic representation of the wearable heads-up display of  FIG. 8A  showing an exemplary EM pattern generated by an antenna in the wearable heads-up display. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram of a communication module integrated within a support arm of a wearable heads-up display according to the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram of a communication module having an antenna integrated within a support arm of a wearable heads-up display according to the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram of a communication module having an antenna integrated within a support arm of a wearable heads-up display according to the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram of a communication module having an antenna integrated within a support arm of a wearable heads-up display according to the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram of a communication module having an antenna integrated within a rim portion of a wearable heads-up display according to the present systems, devices, and methods. 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic diagram of a communication module having an antenna integrated within a rim portion of a wearable heads-up display according to the present systems, devices, and methods. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed implementations. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that implementations may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures associated with antennas, displays, portable electronic devices and head-worn devices have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the implementations. 
     Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as “comprises” and “comprising,” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is as “including, but not limited to.” 
     Reference throughout this specification to “one implementation” or “an implementation” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the implementation is included in at least one implementation. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one implementation” or “in an implementation” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same implementation. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more implementations. 
     As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its broadest sense, that is as meaning “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. 
     Throughout this specification and the appended claims, the term “carries” and variants such as “carried by” are generally used to refer to a physical coupling between two objects. The physical coupling may be direct physical coupling (i.e., with direct physical contact between the two objects) or indirect physical coupling mediated by one or more additional objects. Thus the term “carries” and variants such as “carried by” are meant to generally encompass all manner of direct and indirect physical coupling. 
     The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the implementations. 
     The various implementations described herein provide systems, devices, and methods for eyeglasses frames and eyeglasses frames assemblies for wearable electronic devices, such as a wearable heads-up display, carrying a core wire communicatively coupled to a radio as an antenna for inter-device connectivity. Such glasses include a minimal form factor that is aesthetically pleasing, and an antenna design that enables superior range, signal strength, and overall connectivity capabilities of the antenna. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary implementation of eyewear in the form of a pair of eyeglasses  100  having a first arm  118 , a second arm  126  and a front eyeglass frame  102  formed in accordance with the present disclosure. The front eyeglass frame  102  includes a first rim  104  having a first upper peripheral portion  106  and a first lower peripheral portion  108 . The front eyeglass frame  102  further includes a second rim  110  having a second upper peripheral portion  112  and a second lower peripheral portion  114 , and a bridge  116  securely physically coupling the first rim  104  and the second rim  110 . In an implementation, the bridge  116  is coupled to the first rim  104  and the second rim  110  between the first upper peripheral portion  106  and the second upper peripheral portion  112 . In addition, the front eyeglass frame  102  may be formed as a single, unitary, integral piece or as separate components fastened together with one or more adhesives, screws, or other fasteners. 
     Eyeglasses  100  also include the first arm  118  coupled to the first rim  104  and having a first temple portion  122 . Temple portion  122  is preferably hollow, in order to house certain components as described herein. In an implementation, first arm  118  is stiff and inflexible such that when first arm  118  is coupled to the front eyeglass frame  102 , first arm  118  maintains a fixed position relative to the front eyeglass frame  102 . In the illustrated implementation, there is no hinge connecting the first arm  118  of the eyeglasses  100  to the front eyeglasses frame  102 , in contrast to traditional eyeglasses, although one of skill in the art will appreciate that other implementations include such a hinge. 
     Further, in an implementation, the first temple portion  122  has a first hinge  124  which separates first temple portion  122  into a first anterior part  122   a  and a first posterior part  122   b , wherein first posterior part  122   b  folds in towards the front eyeglasses frame  102 . In other words, the first hinge  124  is coupled between the first anterior part  122   a  and the first posterior part  122   b  such that the first posterior part  122   b  is rotatable relative to the first anterior part  122   a  and the front eyeglass frame  102  about the first hinge  124  along at least one axis of rotation passing through the first hinge  124 . In an implementation, the first hinge  130  is one of a spring hinge or a barrel hinge. 
     The pair of eyeglasses  100  includes a second arm  126  coupled to the second rim  110  having a second temple portion  128 . Second temple portion  128  is hollow. In an implementation, second arm  126  is stiff and inflexible such that when second arm  126  is coupled to the front eyeglass frame  102 , second arm  126  maintains a fixed position relative to the front eyeglass frame  102 . There is no hinge connecting the second arm  126  of the eyeglasses  100  to the front eyeglasses frame  102 , in contrast to traditional eyeglasses. 
     In an implementation, second temple portion  128  has a second hinge  130  which separates second temple portion  128  into a second anterior part  128   a  and a second posterior part  128   b , wherein second posterior part  128   b  folds in towards the front eyeglasses frame  102 . In other words, the second hinge  130  is coupled between the second anterior part  128   a  and the second posterior part  128   b  such that the second posterior part  128   b  is rotatable relative to the second anterior part  128   a  and the front eyeglass frame  102  about the second hinge  130  along at least one axis of rotation passing through the second hinge  130 . In an implementation, the second hinge  130  is one of a spring hinge or a barrel hinge. 
     Temple portions  122  and  128  each preferably sit on, and extend beyond, a respective ear of a user to hold eyeglasses  100  on a head of the user. The front eyeglass frame  102  further includes a first lens  132  mounted in the first rim  104  and a second lens  134  mounted in the second rim  110 . As such, front eyeglass frame  102  has the shape and appearance of a front of a traditional pair of eyeglasses. Lenses  132  and  134  may be inserted and held in respective rims  104  and  110  by an interference fit, friction fit, press fit, or by a heat/shrink fit. Each of rims  104  and  110  is of a size and shape that can receive the respective lens  132  and  134  and hold the lenses  132  and  134  in place without any movement once the lenses  132  and  134  are inserted. Assembly of the eyeglasses  100  may include the technology described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/609,607 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/634,654. 
     In an implementation, eyeglasses  100  are a wearable heads-up display wherein display-producing components are present within or carried by one or both arms  118  and  126  (i.e., one arm for a monocular display, both arms for a binocular display) and display components are embedded within or carried by one or both lenses  132  and  134 . In addition, as described in more detail below, the eyeglasses  100  may include an antenna (not shown) and a power source (not shown) in addition to power circuitry (e.g., processor, radio (e.g., transmitter, receiver or transceiver coupled to one or more antenna)) in order to provide inter-device connectivity between the eyeglasses  100  and external electronic devices, such as a smart phone (not shown) or a ring worn on the user&#39;s finger that implements the technology described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/236,060, U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/282,535 (now US Patent Application Publication 2017/0097753), and U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/799,642 (now US Patent Application Publication 2018/0067621). 
     In an implementation, the arms  118  and  126  carry certain display-producing components, for example one or more of a projector (e.g., a scanning laser projector with laser diodes), or a micro-display (e.g., liquid crystal display (LCD) or organic light emitting diode (OLED) display). The display components embedded in the lenses  132  and  134  may be a waveguide which receives light from the display-producing components and guides the light towards an eye of the user, or may be a reflector, refractor, or diffractor; for example, a holographic optical element, to, for example, provide an augmented reality experience. The fixed position of at least the anterior portions  122   a  and  128   a  of the arms  118  and  126  relative to the front eyeglasses frame  102  may enable correct initial and “in-use” positioning of components such as the projector and holographic optical element, in implementations where such components are used. 
     Further, the eyeglasses  100  may include adjustable nose pads, such as nose pad  136 , to assist with customization of the fit of eyeglasses  100  to the user. The eyeglasses  100  preferably include two nose pads  136 , wherein each nose pad  136  is coupled to a respective rim  104 ,  110 , and the nose pads  136  are adjustable in orientation as well as vertically and horizontally. Accordingly, the nose pads  136  enable lenses  132 ,  134  to be adjusted relative to the user&#39;s eye (i.e., adjusting the nose pads  136  adjusts a height of the lenses  132 ,  134  relative to the eyes of a user), which one of skill in the art will appreciate is an important design consideration for wearable heads-up displays including display components. Adjusting the angular orientation of the nose pads  136  enables a secure fit on the user&#39;s nose to further prevent the eyeglasses  100  from falling off of a user&#39;s face. In an implementation, nose pads  136  are also adjustable horizontally so as to further assist in adjusting the eyeglasses  100  with respect to the eye of a user, and further enabling a secure fit on the nose of the user (i.e., adjusting width ensures the nose pads  136  establish a secure, comfortable fit with a nose of a user, and adjusting positioning of nose pads  136  with respect to front eyeglass frame  102  enables positioning with respect to eyes of the user). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2  with continuing reference to  FIG. 1 , such “in-use” positioning may be further enabled by a core wire, illustrated in  FIG. 2  by dashed line  242 . The core wire  242  is located in at least one of, or preferably both of, the first arm  118  and the second arm  126 , wherein the core wire  242  is repeatedly plastically deformable to retain a portion of the first arm  118  or second arm  126  in a shape provided by the user. Preferably, the core wire  242  is housed in, and extends along, at least a portion of the first posterior part  122   b  or the second posterior part  128   b . In various implementations, at least the portion of the first posterior part  122   b  or the second posterior part  128   b  includes less than half, at least half, at least three quarters, or substantially all of the first posterior part  122   a  or the second posterior part  128   b , wherein the first posterior part  122   b  and the second posterior part  128   b  are formed of an elastic or semi-elastic material, such that the core wire  242  can be used to adjust the eyeglasses  100  to the head of the user. The core wire  242  preferably comprises a repeatedly plastically deformable material, which may include a metal or metal alloy, for example stainless steel, titanium, beta titanium (i.e., titanium alloy including vanadium and aluminum), a titanium nickel alloy, beryllium, or a nickel and copper alloy, or various combinations thereof, among others. The repeatedly plastically deformable material may also include certain thermoplastics, for example acrylic, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, nylon, polylactic acid, polybenzimidazole, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyoxymethylene, polyetherether ketone, polyetherimide, polyethylene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, or combinations thereof, among others. However, one of skill in the art will appreciate that other materials may be available that are repeatedly plastically deformable. In some instances, at least a portion of the eyeglasses  100  may be warmed before or as part of shaping the first and second arms  118 ,  126 , and more specifically, at least the first and second posterior parts  122   b ,  128   b  may be warmed. 
       FIG. 2  further illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of a first arm  218  of a pair of eyewear, such as eyeglasses  100 . One of skill in the art will appreciate that the first arm  218  can be substantially similar to first arm  118  or second arm  126  in  FIG. 1 . Accordingly, the features described with reference to first arm  218  may be incorporated into implementations of first arm  118  or second arm  126 , or both, in eyeglasses  100 , as well as in other implementations disclosed herein. 
     First arm  218  includes a first frame portion  220  and a first temple portion  222 . Temple portion  222  is preferably hollow to receive components for a wearable heads-up display within the eyewear, for example eyeglasses  100 , as described herein. The temple portion  222  preferably has a first aperture  236  at a front thereof, which may also assist with placing the components, or alternatively, may receive an antenna. First frame portion  220  is preferably stiff and inflexible such that when first frame portion  220  is coupled to the front eyeglass frame  102 , first arm  218  maintains a fixed position relative to the front eyeglass frame  102 . First frame portion  220  and first temple portion  222  may be formed as a single, unitary, integral component, or may be two components which are combined to make first arm  218 . In the implementation illustrated in  FIG. 2 , first frame portion  220  is attached to first temple portion  222  with screws, but one of skill in the art will appreciate that other fasteners may be used (e.g., bolts, rivets, adhesive, epoxy, etc.). 
     First arm  218  further includes a first hinge  224 , which separates the first temple portion  222  into a first anterior part  222   a  and a first posterior part  222   b . The first hinge  224  is preferably one of a barrel hinge or a spring hinge, as described in greater detail herein. However, in some implementations, the first arm  218  does not include the first hinge  224 , in which case the anterior and posterior parts  222   a  and  222   b  are simply anterior and posterior portions of the temple portion  222 . Further, the first anterior part  222   a  of the first temple portion  222  of the first arm  218  includes a front end  241  proximate the first frame portion  220 . In an assembled eyeglass frame, such as eyeglasses  100 ,  300  described herein, the front end  241  is also proximate the front eyeglass frame (not shown), which may be substantially similar to front eyeglass frame  102 ,  302  in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , respectively. In an implementation, the first aperture  236  is formed in the front end  241 . 
     In  FIG. 2 , a radio  240  is housed within the first arm  218 , and preferably within the first temple portion  222 , and even more preferably within the first anterior part  222   a  of the first temple portion  222 . In some implementations, the radio  240  may be coupled to a printed circuit board (not shown) housed in the first temple portion  222 , in which case, the radio  240  is in electrical communication with electrically conductive traces of the printed circuit board (not shown). In an implementation, the radio  240  can take the form of a transmitter and, or, a receiver or a transceiver. In the illustrated implementation, core wire  242  is communicatively coupled to the radio  240  as an antenna. 
     In other words, the radio  240  is operable to at least one of receive or transmit wireless signals at a wavelength, and the core wire  242  comprises an electrically conductive material, which includes the various repeatedly plastically deformable metals described herein, and has a length that is at least approximately equal to a reciprocal of an integer of the wavelength of the signals. For example, the length of the core wire  242  may be approximately equal to ¼, ⅓, or ½ of the wavelength of the wireless signals transmitted by, or received by, the radio  240 . In this context, “approximately” means within +/−3 millimeters (i.e., if ¼ of the wavelength of the signal is 32 millimeters, a length of the core wire  242  that is approximately equal to ¼ wavelength of the signal corresponds to the length of the core wire  242  being between 29 millimeters and 35 millimeters). In an implementation, the length of the core wire  242  is between 30 millimeters and 63 millimeters, which corresponds to between approximately ¼ and ½ of the wavelength of a signal in the 2.4 GHz range. The radio  240  and core wire  242  are operable to provide wireless communications in the radio frequency and, or, microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. 
     While the core wire  242  is illustrated in  FIG. 2  as a dashed line, one of skill in the relevant art will appreciate that the antenna  242  can be a variety of geometric shapes with varying cross sections. For example, in various implementations, the core wire  242  has a circular, ovular, triangular, rectangular, or square cross section along its length. In addition, in certain other implementations, the core wire  242  changes size along its length, for example, a dimension between outer surfaces of the core wire  242  proximate the radio  240  may be greater than, equal to, or less than, a dimension between outer surfaces of the core wire  242  proximate a first distal end  244 . Still further, the core wire  242  can change size and or shape along its length, such that in an implementation, the core wire  242  is continuously tapered along at least a portion of its length or all of its length, while in other implementations, a greatest dimension between exterior surfaces of the core wire  242  along its length changes multiple times, such as in a “step-down” configuration. Still further, the antenna  242  can include different cross sections along its length along with one or more transitions, for example, a portion of the core wire  242  proximate the radio  240  may have a circular or square cross section, a portion of the core wire  242  proximate its mid-point may have a triangular cross section, and a portion of the core wire  242  proximate the first distal end  244  may have a circular cross section. There may also be one or more gaps or apertures along the length of the core wire  242 . Accordingly, implementations of the present disclosure encompass a wide variety of shapes and configurations of the core wire  242 . 
     In still further implementations, the first anterior part  222   a  of the first arm  218  includes a U-shaped cross section along at least a portion of its length, wherein the first anterior part  222   a  comprises a metal. In other words, the first anterior part  222   a  is a channel  243  including sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  such that the cross section of the channel  243  is generally in the shape of a “U,” wherein at least one of the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c , or, more preferably, all of the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  comprise metal along at least a portion of the length of the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c . The sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  may also optionally include a metal portion for heat dissipation surrounded by plastic or non-metallic portions in the remainder of the first anterior part  222   a . As such, in an implementation, the U-shaped cross section is metal. In other implementations, only a portion of the first anterior part  222   a  is metal (i.e., one of the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  is metal and the remaining sidewalls are plastic or a non-metallic material), while in further implementations, the entire U-shaped cross section is plastic or other non-metallic material. The front end  241  may be metal, plastic, or other non-metallic material. 
     In implementations where at least a portion of the first anterior part  222   a  comprises metal or a material with high thermal conductivity, electronic components that may be present in the first anterior part  222   a  may be thermally conductively coupled to the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  with a thermally conductive fastener. One of skill in the art will recognize that, because the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  of the first anterior part  222   a  have a comparatively large surface area (i.e., relative to individual electronic components) that is exposed to the external environment, the metal of the sidewalls  245   a ,  245   b , and  245   c  of the first anterior part  222   a  in such implementations dissipates heat produced during operation of the electronic components in an effective manner. As such, it is preferable that the adhesive, fasteners, or other securing means used to couple the radio  240  and other components to the first anterior part  222   a  allow for heat transfer. Examples of adhesives that enable such heat transfer include, but are not limited to, adhesives, epoxies, glues or polymers entrained with various proportions of metals. 
     Further, the first posterior part  222   b  may be metal along at least a portion of its length. In an implementation, the entire first posterior part  222   b  is metal, while in other implementations, at least a piece of the first posterior part  222   b  comprises metal. In such an implementation, the metal piece of the first posterior part  222   b , or the entire first posterior part  222   b , can be coupled to a ground, so as to electrically isolate the first posterior part  222   b  from the core wire  242 , which may be communicatively coupled to the radio  240  as a radio, wherein the grounding reduces interference between the core wire  242  and the first posterior part  222   b . In other implementations, the first posterior part  222   b  is plastic, or other flexible or deformable materials, such as various thermoplastic polymers. 
     In an alternative implementation, the core wire  242  is electrically coupled to a conduit (included as part of dashed line  242 ) that passes through the first hinge  224 . In other words, the conduit, which may be a flexible coaxial cable or a flexible shielded trace, for example, that passes through the first hinge  224  such that the core wire  242 , which is housed in the first posterior portion  222   b , is in electrical communication with the radio  240  in the first anterior portion  222   a , but the first hinge  224  is electrically isolated from the conduit. In such an implementation, the conduit is preferably flexible such that the first hinge  224  may rotate without damaging the conduit. Further, the first hinge  224  may be electrically isolated from the conduit due to properties of the conduit (i.e., an outer plastic layer of the coaxial cable or shielded trace), or by virtue of being coupled to a ground where the first hinge  224  is metal, or the first hinge  224  comprises electrically insulating material, which may be plastic. 
     In addition, implementations of the present disclosure include an antenna, a power source, and an electrically conductive path or wire placed in various locations within an eyewear frame. For example,  FIG. 3  is a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of eyeglasses  300 , which may be, in an implementation, substantially similar in structure to eyeglasses  100 , except for differences described herein. For ease of recognition in the drawings, eyeglasses  300  are represented by dashed lines, and certain internal features, such as the frame portions and apertures of arms  318 ,  326 , are not shown, although one of skill in the art will appreciate that such features are present within implementations of the eyeglasses  300 . 
     The eyeglasses  300  include first and second arms  318  and  326  coupled to a front eyeglass frame  302 . The front eyeglass frame  302  includes a first rim  304  and a second rim  310  securely physically coupled by a bridge  316 . A radio  340  is housed internally in a first temple portion  322  of the first arm  318 , and preferably within a first anterior portion  322   a  of the first temple portion  322  of the first arm  318 . The radio is electrically coupled to, or in electrical communication with, a power source  346   a.    
     In a preferred implementation, the power source  346   a  is housed internally within a second temple portion  328  of the second arm  326 , and more preferably within a second anterior portion  328   a  of the second temple portion  328  of the second arm  326 . The power source  346   a  may be a portable power source, such as a battery or a super-capacitor (i.e., capacitor with capacitance on the order of 0.01 F or greater). In addition, where the power source  346   a  is a battery, the battery can be rechargeable (i.e., a user inserts an external charging cord into eyeglasses  300  to charge the battery comprising the power source  346   a ), or replaceable (i.e., the eyeglasses  300  include a removable cover for removing and replacing the battery or batteries comprising the power source  346   a ). In implementations where the power source  346   a  is one or more replaceable batteries, circuitry may be housed within either of the arms  318  and  326 , and more specifically within either of the first and second temple portions  322  and  328 , to receive the battery or batteries and provide an electrical connection between the battery or batteries and the radio  340 . In other words, the circuitry is communicatively coupleable to the replaceable battery or batteries comprising the power source  346   a . However, one of skill in the art will appreciate that, in implementations where the power source  346   a  is a rechargeable battery or a super-capacitor, the same or substantially similar circuitry may be present to connect the power source  346   a  to the radio  340 . The power source  346   a  is electrically coupled to the radio  340  by wire  348   a  to transmit electric current from the power source  346   a  to power the radio  340 , as well as any other electronic components housed within the first temple portion  322  of the first arm  318 . 
     In an implementation, the wire  348   a  passes internally from the power source  346   a  housed within the second temple portion  328 , through a second aperture (not shown) in the second arm  326  similar to first aperture  236  ( FIG. 2 ), the second rim  310 , the bridge  316 , the first rim  304 , the first aperture  236  ( FIG. 2 ) to the radio  340  in the first temple portion  322 . The wire  348   a  can pass through any of the elements of the front eyeglass frame  302 . For example, in various implementations the wire  348   a  passes internally through a second upper peripheral portion  312  of the second rim  310 , the bridge  316 , and a first upper peripheral portion  306  of the first rim  304 . In other implementations, the wire  348   a  passes through a second lower peripheral portion  314  of the second rim  310 , the bridge  316 , and the first upper peripheral portion  306  of the first rim  304 . In alternative implementations, the wire  348   a  passes through the second upper peripheral portion  312 , the bridge  316 , and a first lower peripheral portion  308  of the first rim  304 . Accordingly, implementations of the present disclosure are not limited by the path of the wire  348   a  through the front eyeglass frame  302 . 
     In other variations, the power source and wire are located within the first temple portion  318 , along with the radio  340 , as represented by dashed lines  346   b  and  348   b , respectively. In such an implementation, the wire  348   b  preferably does not pass through any portion of the front eyeglass frame  302 . Rather, the power source  346   b  is housed proximate the radio  340  and electrically coupled to radio  340  by wire  348   b . It may even be possible to include the power source  346   b  within a first posterior portion  322   b  of the first temple portion  322  or a second posterior portion  328   b  of the second temple portion  328 . In other words, in an implementation, the power source  346   b  is located within the first anterior portion  322   b  proximate a first distal end  344  of the first arm  318  or within the second anterior portion  328   b  of the second temple portion  328  proximate a second distal end  345  of the second arm  326 . 
     A first core wire  342   a , which may be substantially similar to core wire  242  illustrated in  FIG. 2 , is incorporated into the first arm  318  of the eyeglasses  300 , and more preferably in at least a portion of the first posterior portion  322   b . The first core wire  342   a  is communicatively coupled to the radio  340  as an antenna, as described herein. Preferably, the second arm  326  includes a second core wire  342   b  incorporated into the second posterior portion  328   b  such that at least each of the core wires  342   a ,  342   b , and each of the posterior portions  322   b ,  328   b  are adjustable. More specifically, each of the core wires  342   a ,  342   b  is preferably repeatedly plastically deformable to retain at least the posterior portion in a shape without breaking when adjusted by the user, and each of the posterior portions  322   b ,  328   b  preferably comprises at least a flexible or adjustable material so as to enable shaping of the core wires  342   a ,  342   b . In an implementation, only the first core wire  342   a  is communicatively coupled to the radio  340  as an antenna, with the second core wire  342   b  assisting with fitting the eyeglasses  300  to the head of the user. However, in other implementations, both core wires  342   a ,  342   b  are communicatively coupled to radios as antennas, such as may be the case when display-producing components are located in both arms  318 ,  326  (such as in a binocular display). In such implementations, both core wires  342   a ,  342   b  may be substantially similar, although they are not required to be. For example, a length or width of the first core wire  342   a  could be greater than, or less than, a length or width of the second core wire  342   b.    
     Further, one of skill in the art will appreciate that although at least the posterior portions  322   b ,  328   b  are preferably deformable along with the core wires  342   a ,  342   b , implementations of the present disclosure also include the posterior portions  322   b ,  328   b  and core wires  342   a ,  342   b  being stiff and inflexible, as well as other portions of the arms  318 ,  326  being deformable or flexible in addition to the posterior portions  322   b ,  328   b . For example, in various implementations, at least one of the core wires  342   a ,  342   b  extends into a respective anterior portion  322   a ,  328   a , wherein the respective anterior portion  322   a ,  328   a  is deformable or flexible, such that the anterior portion  322   a ,  328   a  is deformable according to the shape held by the core wire  342   a ,  342   b . In other words, in certain implementations, one or both of the core wires  342   a ,  342   b  extends along at least a portion of a respective anterior portion  322   a ,  328   b , wherein the core wires  342   a ,  342   b  are repeatedly plastically deformable to retain at least the posterior portion  322   b ,  328   b  in a shape, as well as the respective anterior portion  322   a ,  328   b  in the shape. 
     The phrase “repeatedly plastically deformable” as used herein with reference to various implementations of core wires refers to a material&#39;s ability to have its shaped changed by a user several times without breaking, wherein after the user changes the shape of the material, the material retains the shape. Put another way, “repeatedly plastically deformable” includes materials which may be deformed from an original position at least two times or more without breaking or fracture, wherein after the material has been deformed, the material holds the deformed shape. In various implementations, the repeatedly plastically deformable material comprising at least one of the core wires  342   a ,  342   b  is deformable at least three times, at least four times, at least five times, at least six times, at least seven times, at least eight times, at least nine times, at least ten times, at least fifteen times, at least twenty times, at least thirty times, at least forty times, at least fifty times, at least seventy-five times, at least one hundred times, at least five hundred times, or at least one thousand times without breaking or fracturing, wherein after each deformation, the repeatedly plastically deformable material retains the shape imparted by the user via the deformation. 
     In an implementation, the core wire  342   a  is electrically communicatively coupled to the radio  340  as an antenna operative to wirelessly transmit radio frequency signals that embody an established wireless communication protocol, for example, without limitation: Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® Low-Energy, Bluetooth Smart®, ZigBee®, WiFi®, Near-Field Communication (NFC), or the like. Such protocols typically employ radio frequency signals in the range of 1 GHz to 10 GHz (with the exception of NFC, which operates in the 10 MHz-20 MHz range) and may include pairing or otherwise establishing a wireless communicative link between an apparatus, such as a wearable heads-up display carrying the core wire  342   a , and another external electronic device. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate left and right side views, respectively, of an electrically conductive path housed within a temple portion  400  of an arm including at least a core wire  406  and a portion of a hinge  402 . The temple portion  400  is illustrated here in dashed lines so as to avoid obscuring implementations of the electrically conductive path, although one of skill in the art will readily appreciate that temple portion  400 , including the electrically conductive path, may be substantially similar to temple portions  322 ,  328  in  FIG. 3  or temple portions  122 ,  128  in  FIG. 1 . In an implementation, the temple portion  400  replaces at least one of temple portions  122 ,  128 ,  322 , or  328 , while in other implementations; the temple portion  400  replaces at least two of, at least three of, or all of temple portions  122 ,  128 ,  322 , or  328 . As such, temple portion  400  may be coupled to a frame portion as in  FIG. 2  and further incorporated into eyeglasses  100 ,  300 , although not specifically illustrated as such. 
     The temple portion  400  includes a hinge  402  between an anterior portion  404   a  and a posterior portion  404   b  of the temple portion  400 . The temple portion  400  further includes a printed circuit board  408 , which in an implementation is housed in the anterior portion  404   a  and thermally conductively coupled to metal sidewalls of the anterior portion  404   a . The core wire  406  is electrically and physically coupled to the hinge  402  via a connector  410 . The hinge  402  is electrically coupled to the printed circuit board  408  via element  412 , which may be a wire, metal strip, or other electrically conductive device. A radio  414  is carried by the printed circuit board  408  and electrically coupled to the element  412  and the hinge  402  via path  416 . In an implementation, path  416  extends from a first contact  418  on a first major face  422  of the printed circuit board  408  to a second contact  420  on a second major face  424  of the printed circuit board. The element  412  is electrically coupled to, or in electrical communication with, the second contact  420 , and the radio  414  is electrically coupled to, or in electrical communication with, the first contact  418 . In various implementations, the path  416  is one of a wire, a coaxial cable, or a shielded trace on the printed circuit board  408 . 
     Because the radio  414  is operative to at least one of transmit or receive signals, and is electrically coupled to electrically conductive traces (not shown) on the printed circuit board  408  as described herein, when the radio  414  sends a signal, the signal passes from radio  414  to first contact  418  on the printed circuit board  408 , through path  416  to the second contact  420 , to element  412 , to the hinge  402 , and into core wire  406  for amplification. Alternatively, when a signal is received by the core wire  406 , the signal passes through the temple portion  400  in reverse, to be received by the radio  414 . As such, at least a portion of each of the radio  414 , printed circuit board  408 , path  416 , element  412 , hinge  402 , and core wire  406  may be included in an electrically conductive path housed in the temple portion  400 . 
     Further, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the core wire  406  is physically and electrically coupled to hinge  402  by the connector  410  and the core wire  406  extends along at least a portion of the posterior portion  404   b  of the temple portion  400 . The core wire  406  extends along the posterior portion  404   b  according to its length, which as described herein, preferably corresponds to a reciprocal integer of a wavelength of a signal received or transmitted by the radio  414 . As such, implementations of the present disclosure include the core wire  406  extending along less than half, more than half, or along substantially all of the posterior portion  404   b.    
       FIG. 4C  is a cross-sectional view showing the electrically conductive path through the hinge  402  in additional detail.  FIG. 4C  illustrates the hinge  412  between the anterior portion  404   a  and the posterior portion  404   b , wherein the anterior portion  404   a  and the posterior portion  404   b  are separated by a gap or space  426 , with the hinge  402  extending through the gap  426 , such that the hinge  402  is between the anterior portion  404   a  and the posterior portion  404   b . The core wire  406  is electrically and physically coupled to the connector  410 , and the element  412  is electrically physically coupled to the hinge  402 . 
     In an implementation, the hinge  402  is a spring hinge including an outer housing  430  coupled to an inner housing  432  by a first fastener  428 . The first fastener  428  couples the element  412  to the outer housing  430  as well. A spring  436  is housed in the inner housing  432 . Preferably, the spring  436  is housed in a spring housing  434  that is coupled to, and received by, the inner housing  432 . The inner housing  432  further includes at least a first barrel  440  and a third barrel  444 . The first and third barrels  440 ,  444  are in spaced physical relationship to receive a second barrel  442 , which is part of, or coupled to, the connector  410 . In order words, the second barrel  442  has a size and a shape to be received by a space between first and third barrels  440 ,  444 . Each of the barrels  440 ,  442 ,  444  are coupled by a second fastener  438  passing through each of the barrels  440 ,  442 ,  444 . As such, when the hinge  402  is manipulated between an open and closed configuration, at least the second barrel  442  rotates relative to the first and third barrels  440 ,  444 , wherein such rotation is aided by the spring  436 . 
     As such, an electrically conductive path passing through the hinge  402  may pass through only a portion of the hinge  402 , depending on which features of the hinge  402  comprise electrically conductive material. In an implementation, all of the elements of the hinge  402  are electrically conductive. However, in other implementations, the electrically conductive path takes a more specific path through the hinge  402  from the element  412  to the connector  410  and the core wire  406 , wherein only certain features of the hinge  402  are electrically conductive. 
     For example, in an implementation, the electrically conductive path passes through a portion of the hinge  402  including the first fastener  428 , the outer housing  430 , the second fastener  438 , and the second barrel  442 . In another implementation, the electrically conductive path passes through a portion of the hinge  402  including the outer housing  430 , the second fastener  438 , and the second barrel  442 . In a further implementation, the electrically conductive path passes through a portion of the hinge  402  including the outer housing  430 , the inner housing  432  (including the first and third barrels  440 ,  444 ), and the second barrel  442 . In still further implementations, the electrically conductive path passes through a portion of the hinge  402  including the first fastener  428 , the inner housing  432 , the spring housing  434 , and the second barrel  442 , wherein the first and third barrels  440 ,  444  are electrically isolated from the electrically conductive path. In yet a further implementation, the spring housing  434  and spring  436  are coupled to the second barrel  442 , and the electrically conductive path includes at least a portion of the first barrel  440 , a portion of the second barrel  442 , and the spring  436 . As such, it is to be understood that the electrically conductive path through the hinge  402  may include only a portion of, or all of, the features of the hinge  402 , and implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to specific paths through the hinge. Moreover, certain features that are not described as being part of the electrically conductive path in a given implementation may be comprised of metal coupled to a ground, or electrically insulating material, which may be plastic, among others. 
     In an alternative implementation, the hinge  402  is a barrel hinge. In such an implementation, the hinge  402  does not include the spring  436  or the spring housing  434 . Instead, the hinge  402  comprises at least one housing, which may be either the outer housing  430 , inner housing  432 , or a combination thereof where the outer housing  430  and inner housing  432  are a single, unitary, integral component, and at least three barrels  440 ,  442 ,  444 . The element  412  is coupled to the housing with the first fastener  428 , and the barrels  440 ,  442 ,  444  are rotatably coupled by the second fastener  438 . As such, in implementations where the hinge  402  is a barrel hinge, the electrically conductive path includes at least a portion of each of the first fastener  428 , the housing (including at least a portion of one of the barrels  440 ,  444 ), the second barrel  442  and optionally, the second fastener  438 . In such implementations where the electrically conductive path includes the hinge  402 , it is preferable that the impedance of the various electrical couplings within the electrically conductive path is substantially similar, which in this context means within 3 ohms. Adjusting the impedance may include one or both of adjusting dimensions of the components of the hinge  402 , or changing materials comprising the components of the hinge  402  that are included in the electrically conductive path until the impedance is substantially similar. 
     Implementations of the present disclosure also include the hinge  402  being electrically isolated from the electrically conductive path, as in  FIG. 5A .  FIG. 5A  is a right side view of an alternative implementation of temple portion  500  of an arm of a pair of eyeglasses, such as eyeglasses  100 ,  300 , including a hinge  502  between an anterior portion  504   a  and a posterior portion  504   b  of the temple portion  500 . A core wire  506  is integrated into the temple portion  500  and extends along at least a portion of the posterior portion  504   b . Further, the core wire  506  may include one or more apertures  508  along its length. An electrically conductive path that is electrically isolated from the hinge  502  may include a conduit  510  (which may be electrically coupled to a printed circuit board (not shown), such as printed circuit board  408 ), a first contact  512  proximate the hinge  502  in the anterior portion  504   a , a pin  514 , and a second contact  516  proximate the hinge  502  in the posterior portion  504   b , wherein the core wire  506  is electrically coupled to the second contact  516 . Importantly, however, the hinge  502  in such an implementation is electrically isolated from the electrically conductive path, either by virtue of the hinge  502  being coupled to a ground (not shown) when the hinge  502  includes metal, or because one or more components of the hinge  502  comprise electrically insulating material, which may be plastic. 
       FIG. 5B  is a cross-section of temple portion  500  showing a portion of the electrically conductive path in additional detail. The temple portion  500  includes the anterior portion  504   a  and the posterior portion  504   b , with the pin  514  extending across a space  501  between the anterior and posterior portions  504   a ,  504   b . The pin  514  includes a first pin portion  520  electrically and physically coupled to the second contact  516 , and a second pin portion  522  electrically coupled to the first contact  512 . The first contact  512  is electrically coupled to the conduit  510 . In an implementation, the conduit  510  terminates at the first contact  512 , such that the first contact  512  is a part of the conduit  510 . The second contact  516  is electrically coupled to the core wire  506 . In an implementation, the second contact  520  is part of the first pin portion  520 , although in other implementations, the second contact  520  is a separate structure between the first pin portion  520  and the core wire  506 . As such, the first pin portion  520  is electrically coupled to the core wire  506 , and the second pin portion  522  is electrically coupled to the conduit  510 . 
     The pin  514  may be protected by a housing  518 , wherein the housing  518  is received by the anterior portion  504   a  and surrounds at least a portion of, or substantially all of, the second pin portion  522 . In this context only, “substantially all of” means every surface of the second pin portion  522  except one exposed surface. The pin  514  may be manipulated by a user via rotating the posterior portion  504   b  about the hinge (not shown) between an unfolded configuration and a folded configuration. In the folded configuration, the pin  514  electrically isolates the first contact  512  from the second contact  516 . In an implementation, the isolation includes the second pin portion  522  being removably coupled to the first contact  512  and electrically and physically coupled to the first pin portion  520 , such that rotation of the posterior portion  504   b  removes the second pin portion  522  from contact with the first contact  512 , thereby electrically isolating the first contact  512  from the second contact  516 . In such an implementation, the second pin portion  522  may move within the housing  518  (i.e., is removably coupled to the housing  518 ) or the housing  518  may be removably coupled to the anterior portion  504   a  (i.e., the second pin portion  522  is physically coupled to the housing  518 ). 
     In other implementations, the second pin portion  522  is physically and electrically coupled to the first contact  512  and removably coupled to the first pin portion  520  such that rotation of the posterior portion  504   b  electrically isolates the pin portions  520 ,  522  and therefore the contacts  512 ,  516 . In still a further implementation, the folded configuration includes the first contact  516  electrically isolated from core wire  506  by virtue of the first contact  516  being removably coupled to the core wire  506  and physically and electrically coupled to the first pin portion  520 , such that rotation of the posterior portion  504   b  to the folded configuration includes the first contact  516  being electrically isolated from the core wire  506 . 
     In the unfolded configuration, as shown in  FIG. 5B , the electrically conductive path includes the conduit  510 , the first contact  512 , the first and second pin portions  520 ,  522 , the second contact  516 , and the core wire  506 . The hinge (not shown) may be electrically isolated from the electrically conductive path as described herein. In other words, rotation of the posterior portion  504   b  to the unfolded configuration establishes an electrical connection between components of the pin  514 , the conduit  510 , and core wire  506  via first and second contacts  512 ,  516 . Further, the conduit  510  may be one of a coaxial cable or a shielded trace, among other alternatives. 
     The various implementations described herein provide a compact, aesthetically pleasing glasses form factor that includes an antenna and a radio for enabling inter-device connectivity. Further, such glasses form factor enables efficient and automated manufacturing, as well as a highly directional antenna, in order to increase connectivity range. A location, orientation and position of a power source and an electrically conductive path between the power source and the radio and antenna are adjustable to reduce interference. In addition, the directionality of the antenna reduces interference with metal components which may be proximate to the antenna in the glasses form factor, thereby limiting any interference from such metal components while also enabling efficient heat dissipation from heat produced by the electronic components in the glasses form factor. As a result, implementations of the present disclosure allow for optimization of the connectivity, range, and signal strength of the antenna when transmitting or receiving signals from other electronic devices. In particular, implementations of the present disclosure enable optimal connectivity, range, and signal strength characteristics for the antenna and the radio regardless of the position of an external device within a given range. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 6 , illustrated therein is a system  610  incorporating a wearable heads-up display (“WHUD”)  600  in wireless communication with at least one other electronic device in accordance with the present systems, devices, and methods. In particular, in this implementation the WHUD  6100  may be in wireless communication with one or more portable electronic devices  620 , such as a smartphone  622  or a laptop  624 . Other exemplary portable electronic devices could include an audio player, a tablet computer, an ebook reader, and so on. 
     As shown, in this implementation the WHUD  6100  may also be in wireless communication with one or more wearable electronic devices  630 , such as an electronic ring  632  or other wearable device  634 . Generally, a wearable electronic device may be attached or coupled to the user by a strap or straps, a band or bands, a clip or clips, an adhesive, a pin and clasp, an article of clothing, tension or elastic support, an interference fit, an ergonomic form, etc. Other examples of wearable electronic devices include digital wristwatches, electronic armbands, electronic ankle-bracelets or “anklets”, hearing aids, and so on. 
     As also shown, in this implementation the WHUD  6100  may also be in wireless communication with one or more other electronic devices  640  that are generally considered to be non-portable electronic devices, such as a computer workstation  642 . Other examples of such electronic devices could include objects with a large mass or which are generally difficult for a user to hold and carry either due to the size and configuration, or being attached to something, and could include smart televisions, vehicles, smart devices (e.g., appliances such as smart fridges, smart thermostats, or hazardous condition detectors such as smoke alarms), and so on. 
     Generally speaking, the WHUD  6100  and electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640  are in wireless communication to permit the exchange of data therebetween, which could include the exchange of control data, media data, information to be displayed to the user of the WHUD  6100  (i.e., via the display), or other types of data. For instance, the electronic ring  632  could be in wireless communication with the WHUD  6100  to control information being displayed on the transparent combiner of the WHUD  6100 . This could allow a user to cycle through a menu of possible commands, for instance, or take some other action. 
     In some instances, one or more of the electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640  could be in wireless communication with each other, regardless of whether they are in communication with the WHUD  6100 . For instance, the electronic ring  632  could be in wireless communication with the smartphone  622  to control one or more aspects of the smartphone  622 . 
     Generally speaking, wireless communication within the system  610  can be accomplished using any suitable communication protocol. Some communication protocols may be particularly suitable for use within the system  610 , since they may be low power consuming protocols that are well suited for short distance wireless communication. Two examples might include ZigBee® and Bluetooth®. For instance, one or more of the electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640  and WHUD  6100  may include a Bluetooth® Low Energy chip having a signal frequency of about 2400 MHz to about 2500 MHz. 
     In some implementations, wireless communication within the system  610  can operate using signals having a frequency in a band of 100 MHz, 200 MHz, 300 MHz, 400 MHz, 800 MHz, and 900 MHz. 
     One of the challenges with facilitating wireless communication within the system  610  relates to the performance of the various components used to send and receive wireless signals, particularly the antenna. 
     Generally speaking, an antenna is a function of its environment, and its performance can vary greatly depending on whether the antenna is being used is a laboratory environment with minimal interference, or in the real world in the presence of a user. Quite notably, an antenna tends to be affected by everything around it, including materials and surrounding equipment in an electronic device that includes the antenna, but also aspects of the surrounding environment, including the presence of the user. Specifically, the radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields from an antenna interact with nearby materials, which can alter the frequency of operation of the antenna or change its input impedance. This, in turn, can induce a mismatch with the driving power amplifier (e.g., transmitter) or receiving low noise amplifier (e.g., receiver). As a result, to develop reliable antenna performance, the antenna should be tested in its final environment (or a reasonable approximation thereof) and impedance matched so that it operates well within the desired frequency band. A poorly matched antenna on the other hand can degrade the system link budget by 10-30 dB thus severely reducing the overall link range. 
     For the system  610  described above, it is generally desirable to understand the various use cases around how a user will be interacting with the WHUD  6100  and the other electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640 . For example, some wearable components such as the electronic ring  632  may be worn by the user of the WHUD  6100  at times, while others such as a smartphone  622  may typically be carried in a pocket. Similarly, the communication distance between a user of the WHUD  6100  and the electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640  can vary. In some cases, it may be sufficient to have a working communication range of approximately 10 meters or less to facilitate effective wireless communication between the WHUD  6100  and one or more electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640 . In some implementations it may be desirable to have a higher working range greater than 10 meters, greater than 20 meters, or even larger. In some cases, it may be suitable to have a smaller working range, such as less than 5 meters, less than 3 meters, and so on. In some cases the effective working communication range can be varied by adjusting the power of the communications modules within the system  610 . 
     Turning now to  FIG. 7 , illustrated therein is a perspective view of an exemplary WHUD  7100  operable for wireless communication with electronic devices, such as electronic devices  620 ,  630  and  640 . WHUD  7100  as shown includes elements such as a projector  7111  (i.e., a laser module) adapted to output a visible laser light  7121  (e.g., in at least a first narrow waveband). In some cases, the projector  7111  may be operable to output infrared laser light  7122 , and optionally an oscillating scan mirror or reflector  7512 . The WHUD  7100  also includes a display component that enables the user to see displayed content but also does not prevent the user from being able to see their external environment. As shown, the display component could include a transparent combiner  7130  (aligned with an eyeglass lens  7129 ) which redirects the laser light  7121  and  7122  towards an eye  7190  of a user. In some implementations, the WHUD  7100  may include at least one infrared photodetector  7150  responsive to infrared laser light  7122 . 
     Depending on the implementation, the visible laser light  7121  may correspond to any of, either alone or in any combination, red laser light, a green laser light, and/or a blue laser light. 
     WHUD  7100  also includes a support frame  7180  that has a general shape and appearance or a pair of eyeglasses, so that transparent combiner  7130  is positioned within a field of view of an eye  7190  of the user when support frame  7180  is worn on a head of the user. The support frame  7180  typically includes two support arms  7181 ,  7182  extending rearwardly from a front rim portion  7183  that supports the eyeglass lens  7129  and transparent combiner  7130 . The rim portion  7183  is normally supported by a nose of the user, while the support arms  7181 ,  7182  are normally supported by the ears of the user. 
     WHUD  7100  further includes a digital processor  7160  communicatively coupled to photodetector  7150  (in this example), and a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium or memory  7170  communicatively coupled to digital processor  7160 . Memory  7170  stores processor-executable instructions and/or data that, when executed by processor  7160 , can cause processor  7160  to take actions, such as determining one or more position(s) and/or movement(s) of eye  7190 , determining what information to display on the transparent combiner  7130 , and managing communication between the WHUD  7100  and one or more electronic devices  620 ,  630  and  640 . 
     In particular, WHUD  7100  further includes a communication module  7200  for wireless communication with other electronic devices, and which may be communicatively coupled to the digital processor. Generally speaking, according to the teachings herein, one or more components of the communication module  7200  may be integrated within one or more components of the support frame  7180 . For instance, the communication module  7200  may be at least partially integrated within one or both of the support arms  7181 ,  7182 . The communication module  7200  may be at least partially integrated within the rim portion  7183  of the support frame  7180 . In some examples, the communication module  7200  may be at least partially integrated within some combination of the support arms  7181 ,  7182  and the rim portion  7183 . 
     Generally speaking, the communication module  7200  includes a radio frequency (RF) antenna for the signals transmitted and received via the communication network. For example,  FIG. 8A  shows the WHUD  8100  mounted on a head  860  of a user, with the support arm  8182  being supported by an ear  862  and the rim portion  8183  being supporting by a nose  863 .  FIG. 8B  on the other hand shows an exemplary EM pattern “R” generated by an antenna in the WHUD  8100 . 
     Turning now to  FIG. 9 , the WHUD  9100  mounted on the user&#39;s head  960  is shown schematically in greater detail. As shown, the WHUD  9100  is mounted on the head  960 , with the arm supports  9181 ,  9182  being supported by ears  961 ,  962  (respectively) and the rim portion  9183  being supported by nose  963 . 
     Shown enlarged in is a schematic cross-section of the arm portion  9181  having an integrated communication module  9200  therein. In particular the arm support  9181  generally includes a first body member  9186  that typically extends lengthwise of the arm support  9181 , and which serves as a housing for components of the WHUD  9100 , such as a printed circuit board (PCB)  9184 , which may include the digital processor  9160 , memory  9170 , and so on. The first body member  9186  may be made of any suitable material, such as a plastic or a metal. The arm support  9181  also includes a second body member  9202  which is designed to serve as a resonating element or antenna of the communication module  9200 . As shown schematically, the second body member  9202  may be electrically and/or mechanically isolated from the first body member  9185 . The second body member  9202  may in some implementations comprise a conductive material, such as a metal plate element that resonates in response to instructions received from the digital processor  9160  to send wireless signals to one or more electronic devices  620 ,  630  and  640 . Moreover, the second body member  9202  may also resonate in response to signals received from the electronic devices  620 ,  630 , and  640  to act as a receiving antenna. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 10 , illustrated therein is an example of an arm support  10182   a  having integrated components of the communication module. In particular arm support  10182   a  includes PCB  10184  which is mounted to the first body member (not shown in  FIG. 10 ), such as via mounting screws  10185 . In this implementation, the communication module includes a wire antenna  10204  which is housed within the arm support  10182   a . In some implementations, the wire antenna  10204  may be coupled to the second body member  10202  to cooperate therewith as an antenna for the WHUD. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 11 , illustrated therein is an example of another arm support  11182   b  having integrated components of the communication module. In this implementation, the arm support  11182   b  includes the wire antenna  11204  as well as a grounding element  11206  for increasing the ground plane. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 12 , illustrated therein is an example of another arm support  12182   c  having integrated components of the communication module. In this implementation, the second body portion  12202  serves as the antenna for the communication module without requiring an internal wire antenna. 
     Since the antenna will be worn but a user, it will be in close proximity to the user&#39;s body. By being in close proximity to the user&#39;s body, the user&#39;s body can affect the input impedance. In some cases, the length of the antenna can be designed to minimize this input impedance. In particular, the length of the antenna can be designed to consider impedance matching. Generally, an ideal length of the antenna is nλ/2, wherein λ is the wavelength of a signal guided. 
     In addition to selecting an appropriate length for the antenna, matching will also be provided by an impedance matching module on the PCB. 
     One of the challenges observed, however, with some of the preceding implementations relates to the nature of antennae. In particular, as discussed above an antenna is a function of its environment, and its performance can vary greatly depending on the operating environment. In designing a WHUD, however, it can be difficult to develop a comfortable “one size fits all” arrangement where the size and shape of all the components, particularly the arm supports, is constant. In fact, in contrast, it has been observed that it may be desirable to offer WHUDs in multiple shapes and sizes to accommodate different sizes and shapes of the heads of different users. 
     Returning to  FIG. 9 , this means that the respective lengths of the arm portions  9181 ,  9182  is sometimes different, in some case quite different. As a result, this can have a dramatic impact on the performance of the antenna. Although it may be possible to have a second body portion  9202  that is the same for each of the different sizes of arm portions  9181 ,  9182 , this can lead to aesthetic challenges as differently sized WHUDs  9100  may have a vastly different appearance. 
     According to another implementation of the teachings herein, one or more of the arm supports  9181 ,  9182  may incorporate a multi-piece construction, wherein the antenna elements of the communication module  9200  are incorporated in first piece that has a common size and shape, and the other portion of the arm supports  9181 ,  9182  can vary in length. 
     One example of such an embodiment is shown schematically in  FIG. 13 . In this example, the arm support  13182   d  includes a first forward portion  13187 , and a second rearward portion  13188 . The forward portion  13187  may be positioned adjacent (or even be part of) the rim support, and may include the PCB  13184 . As shown, the forward portion  13187  includes an antenna  13206  (shown here as a spiral antenna). The forward portion  13187  can generally have a consistent shape and size, regardless of the sizing required to accommodate a particular head of a user. 
     The rearward portion  13188  of the arm support  13182   d , on the other hand, can have a size and shape that is selected to accommodate the sizing requirements for the user&#39;s head. For instance, in larger WHUDs, the rearward portion  13188  could be longer, while in smaller WHUDs the rearward portion  13188  could be smaller. 
     In some implementations, the rearward portion  13188  could include a body member  13202   a  (i.e., a metal plate), which could be used to extend the ground plane. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , in this implementation the other arm support  13181  could support a power source  13189  (i.e., a battery) which provides power to the components in the arm support  13182   d.    
     Turning now to  FIG. 14 , illustrated therein is a close up view of an exemplary implementation, wherein the forward portion  14187  may be part of or coupled to the rim support  14183 . In this implementation, the antenna  14206  is located in the front area of the forward portion, and is coupled to the PCB  14184  via a flex connector. 
     Throughout this specification and the appended claims, the term “about” is sometimes used in relation to specific values or quantities. For example, “light within a bandwidth of about 10 nm or less.” Unless the specific context requires otherwise, the term about generally means±15%. 
     The above description of illustrated implementations, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementations to the precise forms disclosed. Although specific implementations of and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as will be recognized by those skilled in the relevant art. The teachings provided herein of the various implementations can be applied to other portable electronic devices, and not necessarily the exemplary eyeglass frames or wearable heads-up displays generally described above. 
     For instance, the foregoing detailed description has set forth various implementations of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, schematics, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, schematics, and examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one implementation, the present subject matter may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the implementations disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in standard integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs executed by one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs executed by on one or more controllers (e.g., microcontrollers) as one or more programs executed by one or more processors (e.g., microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this disclosure. 
     When logic is implemented as software and stored in memory, logic or information can be stored on any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with any processor-related system or method. In the context of this disclosure, a memory is a computer-readable medium that is an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical device or means that contains or stores a computer and/or processor program. Logic and/or the information can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions associated with logic and/or information. 
     In the context of this specification, a “computer-readable medium” can be any element that can store the program associated with logic and/or information for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, and/or device. The computer-readable medium can be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable medium would include the following: a portable computer diskette (magnetic, compact flash card, secure digital, or the like), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), digital tape, and other nontransitory media. 
     Many of the methods described herein can be performed with variations. For example, many of the methods may include additional acts, omit some acts, and/or perform acts in a different order than as illustrated or described. 
     The various implementations described above can be combined to provide further implementations. To the extent that they are not inconsistent with the specific teachings and definitions herein, all of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet which are owned by Thalmic Labs Inc., including but not limited to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/670,200, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/236,060, U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/282,535 (now US Patent Application Publication 2017/0097753), U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/799,642 (now US Patent Application Publication 2018/0067621), U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/609,607, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/634,654 are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the implementations can be modified, if necessary, to employ systems, circuits and concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further implementations. 
     These and other changes can be made to the implementations in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific implementations disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible implementations along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.