Patent Publication Number: US-2021190328-A1

Title: Combined heating and cooling system

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. The Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a combined heating and cooling system. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a combined heating and cooling system including a heat pump and a heat storage device. 
     2. Background Art 
     Various fossil fuel phase-out initiatives have been made in the heating industry and mandates have been increasingly devised and implemented to phase out the direct or indirect use of fossil fuel in heat production for domestic and/or industrial uses. Attempts have been made to heat domestic water with alternative means, e.g., with the use of heat pumps whose operations are primarily driven using electricity in the form of pump or compressor operations. Supplemental electric heating elements may also be employed to aid a fossil fuel-free domestic water heating system in meeting heating demands. However, existing disparate heating and cooling systems used to service occupants of a building or space often lack the heat transfer synergies that are possible between the devices constituting these systems. For instance, heat generated by a device is released into its surroundings without having been properly harnessed. Unwanted heat from one part of a building is simply rejected into the environment by a first device while a second device that is used for serving the same user as the first device is used to generate heat energy by consuming more natural resources, e.g., fossil fuel, electricity, etc. Further, unused heat energy generated or renewable energy, e.g., solar energy, is not stored for use at a later time. Further, most existing heating systems derive their heat energy from the consumption of a resource to transform energy stored in a non-heat form to heat energy which create by-products in the form of carbon dioxide emissions, etc. The flow of energy between a lower-temperature environment and a higher-temperature environment is not emphasized as the key driver in existing heating or cooling strategies. 
     There exists a need for heating and/or cooling systems which take advantage of energy flow as the core strategy for heating and cooling, heat energy storage and efficient extraction of heat energy from resources that are simply released into the environment. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a heating system for heating a fluid received at an inlet, the system including:
         (a) a first heating device disposed in a first heated line branched from the inlet, wherein a first flow of the fluid through the first heated line is configured to be modulated by a first valve;   (b) a second heating device disposed in a second heated line branched from the inlet, wherein a second flow of the fluid through the second heated line is configured to be modulated by a second valve; and   (c) a bypass line and a third valve disposed in the bypass line, wherein a flow through the bypass line is configured to be modulated by the third valve,
 
wherein the first heating device, the first valve, the second heating device, the second valve and the third valve are configured to cooperate to supply heat to the fluid at an outlet received from the first heated line, the second heated line and the bypass line.
       

     In one embodiment, the first heating device includes a coil tube heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the second heating device includes a phase-change material (PCM). In one embodiment, the second heating device includes a heat storage device. In one embodiment, the second heating device includes a water heat storage device. In one embodiment, the second heating device includes a heat storage device configured for thermal coupling with a heat pump. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a heat pump configured for powering the second heating device. 
     In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided a heating system for heating a fluid, the heating system including:
         (a) a fluid conductor for receiving the fluid at an inlet at a first temperature and supplying the fluid at an outlet at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature, the fluid conductor including a first heat exchanger configured for receiving heat from a heating flow of a first heat source and a second heat exchanger configured for receiving heat from a second heat source; and   (b) a heat pump including an evaporator disposed within the heating flow and a condenser thermally coupled with the second heat exchanger,
 
wherein the heating flow is further thermally extracted by the evaporator and transferred via the second heat exchanger to the fluid, reducing the load required of the first heat source to raise the fluid from the first temperature to the second temperature.
       

     In one embodiment, the first heat source includes a gas-fired burner and a blower configured for generating the heating flow. In one embodiment, the first heat source includes a blower configured for generating the heating flow. In one embodiment, the second heat exchanger includes a plate-type heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the first heat exchanger includes a coil. 
     In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided a heating system including:
         (a) a burner;   (b) a blower configured for causing a first fluid flow through the burner from an inlet to an outlet;   (c) a heat exchanger interposed in a path of the first fluid flow, the heat exchanger configured for receiving a second fluid flow at an inlet and exhausting the second fluid flow at an outlet, wherein heat exchange can occur between the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow;   (d) an internal recirculation path connecting the outlet of the second fluid flow with a first point of the inlet of the heat exchanger;   (e) an external recirculation path connecting the outlet of the second fluid flow with a second point of the inlet of the heat exchanger, wherein the second point is disposed downstream of the first point along the second fluid flow; and   (f) a pump disposed at a third point of the inlet of the heat exchanger, wherein the third point is disposed downstream of the second point along the second fluid flow,
 
wherein the temperature of the second fluid flow is increased by at least one of the following operating modes of the heating system: (i) the pump is turned on to circulate the second fluid flow through at least one of the internal recirculation path and the external recirculation path, the blower is turned on to cause the first fluid flow which causes heat transfer from the first fluid flow via the heat exchanger to the second fluid flow; and (ii) the pump is turned on to circulate the second fluid flow through at least one of the internal recirculation path and the external recirculation path, the blower is turned on to cause the first fluid flow which causes heat transfer from the first fluid flow via the heat exchanger to the second fluid flow; and the burner is turned on to cause heat transfer from the burner via the heat exchanger to the second fluid flow.
       

     In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a space heating and space conditioning system comprising a heat pump interposed between the first point and the second point along the second fluid flow, wherein the heat pump is configured to supply heat to the second fluid flow in a space cooling mode of the heat pump and to draw heat from the second fluid flow in a space heating mode of the heat pump. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a valve interposed within the internal recirculation path for controlling the size of the second fluid flow through the internal recirculation path. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a valve interposed within the external recirculation path for controlling the size of the second fluid flow through the external recirculation path. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a check valve interposed within the internal recirculation path for preventing a bypass flow through the internal recirculation path to the external recirculation path. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a heat storage tank interposed between the first point and the second point, wherein the heat storage tank is configured to store heat communicated from the second fluid flow. In one embodiment, the heating system further includes a solar collector functionally coupled to the heat storage tank. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a means for capturing waste heat for use in water heating. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a means for capturing waste heat for use in water heating with minimal hardware. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a means for removing heat from a space, storing the captured heat and releasing the heat for use either for space heating and/or water heating or for other heating purposes. 
     Whereas there may be many embodiments of the present invention, each embodiment may meet one or more of the foregoing recited objects in any combination. It is not intended that each embodiment will necessarily meet each objective. Thus, having broadly outlined the more important features of the present invention in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated, there are, of course, additional features of the present invention that will be described herein and will form a part of the subject matter of this specification. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram depicting a heat storage device which harnesses energy from an outdoor environment and stores it within a building. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram depicting a high efficiency heating system capable of recovering waste heat. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram depicting a high efficiency heating system capable of recovering waste heat. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram depicting a heating and air conditioning system aided with an energy storage device. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during summer without a hot water demand. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during summer with a hot water demand. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during winter without a hot water demand. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during winter with a hot water demand. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and an additional heat storage device. 
     
    
    
     PARTS LIST 
     
         
           2 —heating storage device 
           4 —heating system 
           6 —compressor 
           8 —heat exchanger 
           10 —pump 
           12 —valve 
           14 —heated line 
           16 —heated line 
           18 —bypass line 
           20 —heat storage tank 
           22 —heat exchanger 
           24 —inlet 
           26 —outlet 
           28 —temperature sensor 
           30 —inlet flow 
           32 —outlet flow 
           34 —heat pump 
           36 —flue-to-refrigerant heat exchanger, e.g., an evaporator 
           38 —refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 
           40 —exhaust 
           42 —blower 
           44 —fluid conductor 
           46 —heat exchanger 
           48 —housing 
           50 —condensate drainage hole 
           52 —heat exchanger 
           54 —fluid conductor containing a heat transfer fluid 
           56 —valve 
           58 —valve 
           60 —controller 
           62 —building 
           64 —expansion valve 
           66 —condenser and fan unit 
           68 —burner 
           70 —pump 
           72 —heat exchanger 
           74 —temperature regulator 
           76 —pump 
           78 —heat storage tank 
           80 —flow line 
           82 —valve 
           84 —valve 
           86 —solar collector 
           88 —point of use, e.g., shower 
           90 —heat pump 
           92 —heat exchanger 
           94 —compressor 
           96 —expansion valve 
           98 —heat exchanger 
           100 —internal recirculation path 
           102 —external recirculation path 
           104 —air inlet 
           106 —air outlet 
           108 —inlet 
           110 —outlet 
           112 —condenser 
       
    
     PARTICULAR ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
     The present heating system reduces the dependence of fossil fuel or electric heat or heat generated as a result of the consumption of a substance. Rather, the present heating system facilitates the flow or harnessing of existing heat energy via one or more heat pumps, i.e., causing a transfer of heat energy from a location where the heat energy is not required to a location where the heat energy can be used to increase the comfort of the user at the latter location. In one embodiment, a renewable energy, i.e., solar energy, is harnessed directly and either stored or consumed as it is being harnessed. 
     In one embodiment, the present heating system reduces the dependence of fossil fuel or electric heat or heat generated as a result of the consumption of a substance and/or electricity by causing a transfer of heat energy that would otherwise be wasted at the exhaust of a gas-fired burner to the inlet of a water supply to be heated. 
     In one embodiment, the present heating system is capable of removing heat from a space for lowering the temperature of the space for comfort and using at least a portion of the removed heat to be stored in a thermal storage device or to heat water and/or another heating purposes, reducing the total energy expended for cooling and/or heating. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The term “about” is used herein to mean approximately, roughly, around, or in the region of. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies that range by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical values set forth. In general, the term “about” is used herein to modify a numerical value above and below the stated value by a variance of 20 percent up or down (higher or lower). In some cases in the ensuing description, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, no controllers are shown functionally attached to various components, e.g., pumps, valves, compressors, etc., contributing to the mission of heating or cooling of a space or venue. However, the use of such controllers is inherently required for these components to function as systems and are a commonplace in modern control technologies and requires no further elaboration. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram depicting a heat storage device which harnesses energy from an outdoor environment and stores it within a building. The heat storage device  2  includes a thermal storage tank which stores a substance, e.g., water or a phase change material (PCM) and a heat pump thermally coupled with it at heat exchanger  52  outside of a building that houses a heat storage tank  20 . Heat exchanger  52  is thermally coupled with heat storage tank  20  via a fluid flow of fluid conductor  54 . The heat stored in the heat storage tank  20  may be retrieved by a domestic water heating system and/or a space heating system or another heating system through a heat exchanger, e.g., a coil, disposed within the thermal storage substance stored in the heat storage tank  20 . For instance, a water supply received at inlet  108  is configured to receive stored heat from tank  20  in order to supply a heated water supply at outlet  110 . Similarly, another device requiring heat may be thermally coupled with the tank  20 . 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram depicting a high efficiency heating system  4  capable of recovering waste heat. The heating system includes a blower  42 , a fluid conductor  44 , a heat pump  34  and a heat source that, in the embodiment shown, is generated by an air flow drawn into the heating system by the blower  42 . The fluid conductor  44  receives a fluid, e.g., domestic water, at an inlet at a first temperature and supplying the fluid at an outlet at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. The fluid conductor  44  includes a first heat exchanger  46  configured for receiving heat from the flow generated by the blower  42  and a second heat exchanger  38  configured for receiving heat from a second heat source. The heat pump  34  includes, an expansion valve  64 , an evaporator  36  disposed within the air flow and downstream of the expansion valve  64  of the heat pump  34  and a condenser  112  thermally coupled with the second heat exchanger  38 . The air flow is further thermally extracted by the evaporator  36  and transferred via the second heat exchanger  38  to the fluid, reducing the load required of the heating system to raise the fluid from the first temperature to the second temperature. In one embodiment not shown, a heat pump similar to heat pump  34  may be configured to recover heat from waste water effluent from points of use, e.g., sinks, showers, etc. For instance, a tremendous amount of heat energy is left unharnessed from waste water due to hot showers or baths and the waste water is simply drained into sewer and septic systems, carrying left over heat energy with it. 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram depicting a high efficiency heating system capable of recovering waste heat. The heating system shown in  FIG. 3  is similar to the system of  FIG. 2  with an exception that the heating system of  FIG. 3  includes a burner  68  interposed in the air flow generated by blower  42 . Here, the main heat source is a burner  68 , e.g., a gas-fired burner operationally coupled with a blower  42 . Therefore, the flow that is forced through the housing is a flue flow when the burner  68  is turned on. The flow remains an air flow if the burner  68  is kept off. It shall be noted that as the air flow moved by blower  42  arrives at evaporator  36  that is disposed in a housing  48 , it is still disposed at a temperature higher than the temperature of the refrigerant flow in the heat pump  34 , the refrigerant is capable of receiving the heat conducted from the flue flow and as the refrigerant is compressed by compressor  6 , the temperature of the refrigerant is raised further until it passes a condenser thermally coupled to the heat exchanger  38  where heat transfer occurs and a portion of its heat is transferred to the incoming fluid flow in the fluid conductor  44 , thereby pre-heating the incoming flow, reducing the load of the heat source required to bring the temperature of the fluid flow in the fluid conductor  44  to a desired temperature. In one embodiment, the second heat exchanger  38  includes a plate-type heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the first heat exchanger  46  includes a coil. A temperature sensor  28  is configured to report the temperature of the fluid at the outlet of the system, i.e., the outlet of the fluid conductor  44 , to a controller  60  and if the heat source is determined to be incapable of causing the fluid to be output at a desired temperature, the firing rate of the heat source  42  is increased. Further, the flowrate of the refrigerant of the heat pump  34  may also be adjusted based on the requirement in heat recovery from the flue flow generated by the heat source. The rate of heat recovery can be increased by increasing the speed of the compressor  6  and this increase can be coupled with an increase in the intensity of the heat source as well, e.g., blower speed, firing rate of the burner, etc. It shall be noted that, upon passing the evaporator  36 , the flue flow in the case of  FIG. 3  or the air flow in the case of  FIG. 2 , exits the heating system as exhaust  40 . Any condensate generated of the system is drained via the condensate drainage hole  50 . When the burner  68  is used, the generated flue flow is further thermally extracted by the evaporator  36  and transferred via the second heat exchanger  38  to the fluid, again reducing the load required of the heating system to raise the fluid from the first temperature to the second temperature. 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram depicting a heating and air conditioning system aided with an energy storage device where the system receives a fluid to be heated at an inlet  24  and outputs a heated flow of the fluid at an outlet  26 . The system includes a first heating device, a second heating device and a bypass line  18 . The first heating device is disposed in a first heated line  14  branched from the inlet which receives an inlet flow  30 , where a first flow of the fluid through the first heated line  14  is configured to be modulated by a first valve  12 . The second heating device is disposed in a second heated line  16  branched from the inlet, where a second flow of the fluid through the second heated line  16  is configured to be modulated by a second valve  56 . The bypass line  18  includes a third valve  58  disposed in the bypass line  18 , where a flow through the bypass line  18  is configured to be modulated by the third valve  58 . The first heating device, the first valve  12 , the second heating device, the second valve  56  and the third valve  58  are configured to cooperate to supply heat to the fluid at an outlet received from the first heated line  14 , the second heated line  16  and the bypass line  18 . A temperature sensor  28  disposed at the outlet  26  of the system indicates the temperature of the outlet flow  32 . When a demand starts, the demand will be first met by the second heated line  16  until the demand can no longer be met by the second heated line  16  alone. 
     In the embodiment shown, the first heating device includes a coil tube heat exchanger  8  thermally coupled with a burner  68  that is operationally coupled to a blower  42 . In the embodiment shown, the second heating device includes a heat storage device  20 , e.g., a heat storage tank. The heat storage device is configured for thermal coupling with a heat pump  34  and for receiving heat energy via the heat pump  34  for storage in the heat storage device. Heated line  16  is configured to receive heat via a heat exchanger  22  interposed in the line  16 . 
     A demand that can no longer be kept up is indicated by the temperature sensor  28  as a flow that continues to decrease in its temperature over a period of time. In one embodiment, the ability of keeping up with the demand can also be determined and calculated using the thermal energy stored in the tank  20  and the thermal transfer rate at heat exchanger  22  and the size of demand at outlet  26 . As the amount of energy stored in tank  20  is determined to be incapable of meeting the demand at outlet  26  at a desired setpoint temperature, the flow through line  14  is increased and the flowrate through bypass line  18  is decreased to cause more flowrate through line  14 . Alternatively, the heat output rate of heat source associated with the blower  42  can be increased to provide a higher heating rate to maintain the flow output temperature at outlet  26 . Alternatively, the flow through line  16  may also be adjusted down so that the flowrate through line  14  is increased if the thermal reserve of the heat storage tank  20  is nearly depleted. In supplying heated water at outlet  26 , burner  68  is not required to be turned on at all times. As long as the air drawn by blower  42  is disposed at a temperature higher than the temperature of the flow in heat exchanger  8 , heat energy can be readily transferred to the flow in heat exchanger  8 . Further, residual heat in heat exchanger  8  can be captured in the heat storage device  20  even upon cessation of both blower  42  and burner  68  if flow line  80  and a pump  10  disposed therein is provided. Here, upon cessation of a demand at outlet  26  and if pump  10  of line  80  is turned on, a recirculating flow can be maintained through line  80  in the direction of the pump flow, through the once heated heat exchanger  8  which causes residual heat at heat exchanger  8  to be extracted into the flow within line  14  and subsequently through heat exchanger  22  of line  16  before recirculating through line  80 . In heat exchanger  22 , the residual heat harnessed earlier essentially flows from the flow in line  16  into the flow in line  82  where it is eventually stored in heat storage tank  20 . 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors already configured to prepare and deliver hot water to users at points of use, removing a need for an additional or dedicated heat storage device. The fluid conductors are preferably insulated to reduce loss of heat energy along the lengths of the fluid conductors. The heating system includes a burner  68 , a blower  42 , a heat exchanger  98 , an internal recirculation path  100 , an external recirculation path  102  and a pump  10 . The blower  42  is configured for causing a first fluid flow, e.g., air flow, through the burner  68  from an inlet to an outlet. The heat exchanger  98  is interposed in a path of the first fluid flow, the heat exchanger  98  configured for receiving a second fluid flow, e.g., water flow, at an inlet  108  and exhausting the second fluid flow at an outlet  110 , wherein heat exchange can occur between the first fluid flow and the second fluid flow. The internal recirculation path  100  connects the outlet of the second fluid flow with a first point of the inlet of the heat exchanger  98 . The external recirculation path  102  connects the outlet of the second fluid flow with a second point of the inlet of the heat exchanger  98 , where the second point is disposed downstream of the first point along the second fluid flow. The pump  10  is disposed at a third point of the inlet of the heat exchanger  98  wherein the third point is disposed downstream of the second point along the second fluid flow. 
     The temperature of the second fluid flow is increased by at least one of the following operating modes of the heating and air conditioning system: (i) the pump  10  is turned on to circulate the second fluid flow through at least one of the internal recirculation path  100  and the external recirculation path  102 , the blower is turned on to cause the first fluid flow which causes heat transfer from the first fluid flow via the heat exchanger  98  to the second fluid flow; and (ii) the pump  10  is turned on to circulate the second fluid flow through at least one of the internal recirculation path  100  and the external recirculation path  102 , the blower  42  is turned on to cause the first fluid flow which causes heat transfer from the first fluid flow via the heat exchanger  98  to the second fluid flow; and the burner  68  is turned on to cause heat transfer from the burner  68  via the heat exchanger  98  to the second fluid flow. It shall be noted that the blower  42  may be turned on independently of the burner  68 . As an air flow is drawn through air inlet  104  by blower  42 , it flows through a path burner  68  is disposed and eventually to an outlet  106 . The water flow can be heated independently of a heat pump  90 . However, with a heat pump  90  interposed between the first point and the second point along the water flow, the heat pump  90  can be used to supply heat to the water flow in a space cooling mode of the heat pump and to draw heat from the water flow in a space heating mode of the heat pump. A valve  82  is interposed within the internal recirculation path for controlling the size of the water flow through the internal recirculation path. A valve  84  is interposed within the external recirculation path for controlling the size of the water flow through the external recirculation path. A check valve  74  disposed within the internal recirculation path prevents a bypass from flowing through the internal recirculation path  100  to the external recirculation path  102 . The heat pump  90  is thermally coupled to the water flow via a heat exchanger  72 . The heat pump  90  includes a compressor  94 , a condenser and fan unit  66  and an expansion valve  96 . A heat exchanger  92  is thermally coupled to the heat pump  90 . Heat exchanger  92  is in turn thermally coupled to heat exchanger  72 . It shall be noted that as long as a water flow can be established in any one of the water conductors, external heat energy may be stored in the water flow. For instance, with the burner  68  remains off, as long as a flow is established in the internal recirculation path  100  along with an air flow caused by the blower  42  and the temperature of the air flow drawn from outside of the building  62  through air inlet conductor  104  that is higher than the water flow temperature in the heat exchanger  98 , heat transfer will occur from the air flow to the water flow in the internal recirculation path  100 . Upon traversing the heat exchanger  98 , the air flow continues to exit the building  62  through air outlet conductor  106 . Water flow in the external recirculation path  102  may be heated in a similar manner. Internal and external recirculation can occur simultaneously to afford a larger water volume for heat storage although each can be selected individually by opening valve  82  and  84 , respectively. Each of valves  82 ,  84  can be an on-off or a modulating valve. Pump  10  is only turned on if at least a hot water demand exists at a point of use  88  or at least one of the two valves  82 ,  84  is at least partially open or the heating system will be dead-headed. If a hot water demand exists and the temperature of the water flow is deemed insufficiently high at any one of the points of use  88  to meet the temperature setpoint, e.g., 120 degrees F., then the burner  68  may be turned on to rapidly add heat to the system via the flue gas generated as a result of combustion of burner  68  and radiation from the burner  68 . As the water or water flow/s contained in the fluid conductors has already been partially heated, the burner load required to increase the temperature at points of use  88  will be lower, thereby reducing the amount of energy expended at the burner  68  which is typically configured to consume a fossil fuel, e.g., natural gas, propane, gasoline, etc. 
     In some regions, the heating system shown in  FIG. 5  may not even include a burner as the average outdoor temperature is high enough especially during winter months such that heating using outdoor air alone is sufficient in getting the water temperature to a comfortable level. The air flow path of the burner is essentially the same path as the air path, i.e., the burner  68  uses the same incoming air drawn in through inlet  104  and the flue gas generated by the burner  68  exits the building  62  via the outlet  106 . With the addition of a heat pump  90 , a space heating and air conditioning system can be added. For the heat pump  90  to function as a space heating system, the compressor  94  is configured to drive a refrigerant flow or another working fluid flow in the direction towards the condenser and fan unit  66 . Having received heat via heat exchanger  92 , the refrigerant flow that is now compressed upon leaving compressor  94  is now elevated in temperature and heat is rejected at condenser and fan unit  66  to the space or air flow being heated. For the heat pump  90  to function as a space conditioning system, the compressor  94  is configured to drive the refrigerant flow in the direction towards the heat exchanger  92 . Upon leaving the compressor  94 , the temperature of the refrigerant flow becomes elevated such that heat flow occurs from the heat pump  90  by way of heat exchangers  92 ,  72  to the water heating system as long as pump  70  is activated. Upon rejecting heat at heat exchanger  92 , the temperature of the refrigerant flow continues to drop upon passing the expansion valve  96 . Upon arriving at the condenser and fan unit  66 , the refrigerant flow is now disposed at a temperature lower than the temperature of the air used in cooling the space. Heat transfer occurs from the air moved by the fan of the condenser and fan unit  66 , cooling the space and providing the water heating system with additional heat. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during summer without a hot water demand. Note the direction in which the compressor  94  operates by noting the arrows representing the refrigerant flow. Note also that the burner  68  is not turned on without a demand.  FIG. 7  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during summer with a hot water demand. Here, it shall be noted that the burner  68  is now turned on to meet a hot water demand as the size of the demand is too large to be met by the heated water stored in the water flow conductors. 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during winter without a hot water demand. Again, note the direction in which the compressor  94  operates by noting the arrows representing the refrigerant flow, a direction that is opposite of the direction shown in  FIG. 7 . Again, note also that the burner  68  is not turned on without a demand.  FIG. 9  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and its operation during winter with a hot water demand. Here, it shall be noted that the burner  68  is now turned on to meet a hot water demand as the size of the demand is too large to be met by the heated water stored in the water flow conductors. 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram depicting a space and water heating and air conditioning system aided with stored energy in fluid conductors and an additional heat storage device. It shall be noted that in this embodiment, the heating system further includes a heat storage tank  78  interposed between the first point and the second point, where the heat storage tank  78  is configured to store heat communicated from the water flow. The heating system further includes a solar collector  86  functionally coupled to the heat storage tank  78  in a loop. The solar collector  86  is essentially a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the sun to heat a fluid flow moved by a pump  76  within the loop. Two temperature regulators  74  each disposed on an inlet and outlet, respectively, of the solar collector  86  is used to prevent loss of thermal energy stored in the heat storage tank  78  through the solar collector  86  when the solar collector  86  is not being used, e.g., during periods when there is insufficient sun light as thermal energy is trapped in the artificial highest point of the fluid conductor (as provided by each temperature regulator  74 ) connected to either the inlet or outlet of the solar collector  86 . In one embodiment, each temperature regulator  74  is a loop. It shall be understood that the heat energy harnessed by the solar collector  86  may be alternatively stored directly in the fluid conductors, i.e., in place of the heat storage tank  78 . In that case, a heat exchanger is used where heat is communicated between the water flow and solar collector  86  loop directly instead of the indirect transfer of heat through the medium or contents of the heat storage tank  78 , e.g., water, which serves as a heat storage medium. 
     Any thermal or heat storage devices disclosed herein that are not configured to also supply potable water can include any one of following substances for retaining and releasing heat stored therein, e.g., a phase-change material (PCM), e.g., paraffin wax, etc., liquid, e.g., water, etc., and any substances having high heat of fusion, high thermal conductivity, high specific heat and density. 
     The detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific aspects and embodiments in which the present disclosed embodiments may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice aspects of the present invention. Other embodiments may be utilized, and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments. The detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, with the full scope of equivalents to which they may be entitled. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement that is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Combinations of the above embodiments and other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon studying the above description. The scope of the present disclosed embodiments includes any other applications in which embodiments of the above structures and fabrication methods are used. The scope of the embodiments should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.