Patent Publication Number: US-2022211503-A1

Title: Pump assembly having a push valve for a penile prosthesis

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/687,073, filed on Nov. 18, 2019, entitled “PUMP ASSEMBLY HAVING A PUSH VALVE FOR A PENILE PROSTHESIS”, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 62/771,874, filed on Nov. 27, 2018, entitled “PUMP ASSEMBLY HAVING A PUSH VALVE FOR A PENILE PROSTHESIS”, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates generally to bodily implants and more specifically to bodily implants, such as a penile prosthesis that includes a pump assembly having a push valve to switch to a deflation mode. 
     BACKGROUND 
     One treatment for male erectile dysfunction is the implantation of a penile prosthesis that mechanically erects the penis. Some existing penile prostheses include inflatable cylinders or members that can be inflated or deflated using a pump mechanism. The pump mechanism pulls fluid from a fluid reservoir and then transfers the fluid to the inflatable members. The pump mechanism may include a pump bulb and a valve body that includes one or more valve components. According to some existing designs of inflatable penile prostheses, the complexity of the valve components may cause the pump bulb to get struck in a collapsed state, where the user may have to deform the valve block in order to dislodge one or more valve components until fluid is able to pass around them to refill the pump bulb. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an aspect, an inflatable penile prosthesis includes a fluid reservoir configured to hold fluid, an inflatable member, and a pump assembly configured to transfer the fluid between the fluid reservoir and the inflatable member. The pump assembly includes a pump bulb, a valve body, a push valve movably coupled to the valve body, a first fluid port configured to be fluidly coupled to the fluid reservoir, and a second fluid port configured to be fluidly coupled to the fluid reservoir. The push valve includes a movable valve element configured to move between an inflation position and a deflation position within a bore of the valve body. The movable valve element in the inflation position defines a fluid passageway through the bore to transfer fluid from the pump bulb to the second fluid port. The movable valve element, when moved to the deflation position, is configured to change the fluid passageway through the bore to transfer fluid from the second fluid port to the first fluid port such that the pump bulb is bypassed. 
     According to some aspects, the inflatable penile prosthesis may include one or more of the following features (or any combination thereof). The push valve may include a biasing member that biases the movable valve element to the inflation position. The push valve may include a poppet having a ring member. The movable valve element is configured to move to the deflation position in a linear direction based on a single instantaneous push of the movable valve element by a user. The pump assembly may include a button component that encloses a portion of the movable valve element when the movable valve element is in the inflation position. The pump assembly may include a feedback component disposed between the button component and the movable valve element, where the feedback component is configured to provide at least one of tactile or auditory feedback in response to the movable valve element being moved to the deflation position. A portion of the movable valve element may extend outside the valve body when the movable valve element is in the inflation position, and the portion of the movable valve element may be disposed inside the valve body when the movable valve element is in the deflation position. The valve body may include a refill valve aligned with the first fluid port, and the refill valve is configured to transfer fluid from the fluid reservoir to the pump bulb when the movable valve element is in the inflation position. The valve body may include an inflation valve disposed in a fluid passageway between the pump bulb and the bore. The movable valve element may include a first movable member and a second movable member, where the first movable member and the second movable member are configured to independently move with respect to each other. The valve body may include a refill valve, and an inflation valve, where the refill valve and the inflation valve are not used when the movable valve element is in the deflation position. 
     According to an aspect, a pump assembly for an inflatable penile prosthesis includes a push valve movably coupled to a valve body, where the push valve includes a movable valve element configured to move between an inflation position and a deflation position within a bore of the valve body, and a plurality of fluid transfer ports including a first fluid port configured to be fluidly coupled to a fluid reservoir, and a second fluid port configured to be fluidly coupled to an inflatable member. The movable valve element in the inflation position defines a fluid passageway through the bore to transfer fluid from a pump bulb to the second fluid port. The movable valve element, when moved to the deflation position, is configured to change the fluid passageway through the bore to transfer fluid from the second fluid port to the first fluid port such that the pump bulb is bypassed. 
     According to some aspects, the pump assembly may include any of the above/below features (or any combination thereof). The movable valve element may include a cylindrical unitary body having at least two sections with different diameters. The first fluid port includes a first tubular member, and the second fluid port includes a second tubular member and a third tubular member. The second tubular member is configured to be fluidly coupled to a first cylinder member of the inflatable member, and the third tubular member is configured to be fluidly coupled to a second cylinder member of the inflatable member. The pump assembly includes a refill valve disposed within the valve body at a location that is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the first fluid port, and an inflation valve disposed in a fluid passageway between the bore and the pump bulb. The movable valve element is configured to move from the inflation position to the deflation position along an axis, where the axis is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the first fluid port. The pump assembly may include an anti-auto inflate valve disposed in a fluid passageway between the first fluid port and the second fluid port. A portion of the movable valve element may extend outside the valve body when the movable valve element is in the inflation position, and the pump assembly may further include a button component that encloses the portion of the movable valve element, and a feedback component disposed between the button component and an end portion of the movable valve element. The feedback component is configured to provide at least one of tactile or auditory feedback in response to the movable valve element being moved to the deflation position. 
     According to an aspect, a method for controlling a direction of fluid through a pump assembly of an inflatable penile prosthesis includes transferring, by a pump assembly, fluid from a fluid reservoir to an inflatable member, including transferring the fluid from the fluid reservoir to a pump bulb via a refill valve, and transferring the fluid from the pump bulb to the inflatable member via an inflation valve and a push valve having a movable valve element. The method includes pushing the movable valve element along an axis to a deflation position to change a fluid passageway through a valve body of the pump assembly, and transferring the fluid from the inflatable member to the fluid reservoir via the push valve such that the fluid is not transferred through the pump bulb. In some examples, the refill valve and the inflation valve are not used to transfer the fluid from the inflation member to the fluid reservoir when the movable valve element is in the deflation position. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an inflatable penile prosthesis having a pump assembly with a push valve according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates an exterior of the pump assembly according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly with the push valve in an inflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 2C  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly with the push valve in a deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 2D  illustrates a cross-section of a valve body of the pump assembly with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 2E  illustrates a view of the valve body of the pump assembly with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a perspective of an exterior of the pump assembly according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly with the push valve in the inflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 3D  illustrates a perspective of a valve body of the pump assembly with the push valve in the inflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 3E  illustrates a perspective of the valve body with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a perspective of the push valve according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a perspective of the push valve in the inflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates a perspective of the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a perspective of an exterior of the pump assembly with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 5B  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly with the push valve in the inflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 5C  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 5D  illustrates a perspective of a valve body of the pump assembly with the push valve in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 6A  illustrates a feedback component as a dome structure according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 6B  illustrates the feedback component disposed on an end surface of a movable valve element according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a flow chart depicting example operations of a method of controlling a direction of fluid through a pump assembly of an inflatable penile prosthesis according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 8  schematically illustrates an inflatable penile prosthesis having a pump assembly according to an aspect. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Detailed embodiments are disclosed herein. However, it is understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the embodiments in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting, but to provide an understandable description of the present disclosure. 
     The terms “a” or “an,” as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “another,” as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open transition). The term “coupled” or “moveably coupled,” as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly and mechanically. 
     In general, the embodiments are directed to bodily implants. The term patient or user may hereafter be used for a person who benefits from the medical device or the methods disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the patient can be a person whose body is implanted with the medical device or the method disclosed for operating the medical device by the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an inflatable penile prosthesis  100  including a fluid reservoir  102 , an inflatable member  104 , and a pump assembly  106  configured to transfer fluid between the fluid reservoir  102  and the inflatable member  104  according to an aspect. The inflatable member  104  may be implanted into the corpus cavernosae of the user, the fluid reservoir  102  may be implanted in the abdomen or pelvic cavity of the user (e.g., the fluid reservoir  102  may be implanted in the lower portion of the user&#39;s abdominal cavity or the upper portion of the user&#39;s pelvic cavity), and the pump assembly  106  may be implanted in the scrotum of the user. 
     The pump assembly  106  includes a pump bulb  108 , a valve body  110 , a push valve  124  movably coupled to the valve body  110 , a first fluid port  114  fluidly coupled to the fluid reservoir  102  (via a first conduit connector  103 ), and a second fluid port  115  fluidly coupled to the inflatable member  104  (via a second conduit connector  105 ). The first fluid port  114  and the second fluid port  115  may extend from an end portion of the valve body  110 . In some examples, the fluid transfer ports are disposed on (or defined by) a tube adaptor (e.g., a triple tube adaptor) that is separate from the valve body  110 , and the tube adaptor is coupled to the valve body  110 . In some examples, the first fluid port  114  includes an elongated tubular member defining a cavity. In some examples, the second fluid port  115  includes two separate elongated tubular members (e.g., one tubular member being fluidly coupled to a first cylinder member of the inflatable member  104  and another tubular member being fluidly coupled to a second cylinder member of the inflatable member  104 ). 
     The push valve  124  is configured to move from an inflation position to a deflation position along an axis  121  within a bore of the valve body  110  when pressed by a user in order to control the direction of the fluid through the fluid passageways of the valve body  110 . The push valve  124  includes a movable valve element  140  and a biasing member  144  that biases the movable valve element  140  to the inflation position. In some examples, the movable valve element  140  is configured to move to the deflation position in a linear direction based on a single instantaneous push of the movable valve element  140  by a user. The pump assembly  106  includes a button component  112  that encloses a portion of the movable valve element  140  when the movable valve element  140  is in the inflation position. The button component  112  may be a flexible button-shaped material that extends over the movable valve element  140 . 
     In some examples, the movable valve element  140  includes a directional control valve. In some examples, the movable valve element  140  includes an elongated cylindrical body having at least two sections with different sizes. In some examples, the movable valve element  140  includes one or more ring members (e.g., annular rings or retainer rings). In some examples, the biasing member  144  includes a spring. In some examples, the movable valve element  140  includes a single unitary body (e.g., a single cylindrical member). In some examples, the movable valve element  140  includes a two-piece member (e.g., first and second movable members that are concentrically aligned and move independently of each other). 
     The design of the push valve  124  may reduce (or eliminate) the possibility for the pump bulb  108  to get stuck in a collapsed state even if the first squeeze to switch from the deflation mode to the inflation mode does not successfully move the movable valve element  140  to the inflation position. When the movable valve element  140  is in the inflation position, the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  is in an inflation mode (or inflation cycle). When the movable valve element  140  is in the deflation position, the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  is in a deflation mode (or deflation cycle). In some examples, a single, instantaneous push of the movable valve element  140  transfers the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  to the deflation position (e.g., as opposed to pressing and holding the movable valve element  140  for a certain predetermined time). In some examples, movement of the movable valve element  140  to the deflation position causes a fluid pathway to open between the second fluid port  115  and the first fluid port  114  such that fluid can be transferred from the inflatable member  104  to the fluid reservoir  102  via the pump assembly  106  in a manner that bypasses the pump bulb  108 . 
     In contrast, in the inflation mode, the pump bulb  108  is used to transfer fluid from the fluid reservoir  102  to the inflatable member  104 . For example, the user may depress (or squeeze) the pump bulb  108  and then release the pump bulb  108 , and then repeat these operations until the desired rigidity is achieved in the inflatable member  104 . The release of the pump bulb  108  creates a suction force that pulls fluid from the fluid reservoir  102  to the pump bulb  108 , and the depression of the pump bulb  108  expels the fluid from the pump bulb  108  to the inflatable member  104 . In some examples, in the inflation mode, the valve body  110  provides an optimized fluid passageway via the push valve  124  that may decrease the pressure drop across the push valve  124  for faster inflate time and/or decrease the fluid resistance thereby requiring less pump bulb squeeze force to inflate. 
     The pump bulb  108  may be a flexible member defining a cavity. The pump bulb  108  is coupled to and extends from the valve body  110 . In some examples, the pump bulb  108  extends from the valve body  110  in a direction that is opposite to the direction in which the first fluid port  114  and the second fluid port  115  extend from the valve body  110  (e.g., located on opposite ends of the valve body  110 ). The pump bulb  108  may be a squeeze pump. In some examples, the pump bulb  108  includes ribbing or dimples to aid the user in gripping the pump bulb  108 . As indicated above, the pump bulb  108  may use suction and pressure to move the fluid in and out of the cavity of the pump bulb  108  in the inflation mode. For example, the user may depress or squeeze the pump bulb  108  to expel the fluid out of the cavity, and, when the flexible member returns to its original shape, the resulting suction pushes the fluid into the cavity of the pump bulb  108 . In some examples, the pump bulb  108  may have a bulb spring rate that is designed to refill the pump bulb  108  in a selected time frame. 
     The valve body  110  defines one or more fluid passageways through the valve body  110 . The valve body  110  includes valve components disposed within the fluid passageways to control the flow of the fluid through the valve body  110  in the inflation mode and the deflation mode. In some examples, the valve body  110  includes a block of material that defines the fluid passageways and encloses the valve components. In some examples, the valve body  110  includes a silicone material. In some examples, the valve body  110  may be molded from a silicone material having a medium durometer value. In some examples, the pump assembly  106  includes an outer protective casing that is disposed over the valve body  110 . In some examples, the outer protective casing has a material (e.g., a polymer material) that is different from the valve body  110 . In some examples, the outer protective casing includes one or more tactile features that help the user locate the valve body  110  (in order to locate the push valve  124 ). In some examples, the tactile features include protruded portions, ridges, grooves, bumps, and/or depressions. 
     The valve body  110  includes a refill valve  120  and an inflation valve  122 . In some examples, the valve body  110  includes an anti-auto inflate valve. The refill valve  120  may be used when the pump bulb  108  is refilled. The refill valve  120  is not used in the deflation mode. In some examples, the refill valve  120  is a one-way valve. In some examples, the refill valve  120  is disposed in a fluid passageway within the valve body  110  between the first fluid port  114  and the pump bulb  108 . In some examples, the fluid passageway having the refill valve  120  that extends between the first fluid port  114  and the pump bulb  108  is used only for refilling the pump bulb  108  (e.g., a separated fluid pathway), which may decrease bulb refill time (e.g., deceases the wait time between squeezes). In some examples, the refill valve  120  is fluidly coupled to the bore (where the push valve  124  moves within) and the pump bulb  108 . 
     In some examples, the refill valve  120  is aligned with the first fluid port  114 . For example, the refill valve  120  may have an inlet and an outlet, where fluid enters the inlet from the first fluid port  114  and exits the outlet to the pump bulb  108 . The first fluid port  114  may define a longitudinal axis  119  that extends along the fluid pathway (e.g., between the inlet and the outlet) of the refill valve  120 . In some examples, the longitudinal axis  119  is orthogonal to the axis  121 . The alignment of the refill valve  120  with the first fluid port  114  may minimize fluid pathway tortuosity, and/or decrease pressure drop across the refill valve  120 . In some examples, the refill valve  120  includes a floating check ball with fluting (which may increase or maximize fluid velocity across the refill valve  120 ). In some examples, the refill valve  120  includes a biasing member that biases the refill valve  120  to a sealing position. In some examples, the biasing member includes a spring. In some examples, the refill valve  120  does not include a biasing member. 
     The inflation valve  122  may be disposed within a fluid passageway between the pump bulb  108  and the push valve  124 . The inflation valve  122  may be used during the inflation of the inflatable member  104  (e.g., when the fluid is transferred from the pump bulb  108  to the inflatable member  104 ). The inflation valve  122  is not used during the deflation mode. In some examples, the inflation valve  122  is a one-way valve. In some examples, the inflation valve  122  includes a check ball and a biasing member. The biasing member may bias the check ball to a sealing position. In some examples, the biasing member includes a spring. 
     In the inflation position (and when the user is operating the pump bulb  108 ), the fluid may flow from the first fluid port  114  (from the fluid reservoir  102 ) to the pump bulb  108  via the refill valve  120 , and from the pump bulb  108  to the second fluid port  115  via the inflation valve  122  and the push valve  124  (and then to the inflatable member  104 ). In response to the movable valve element  140  being pressed to the deflation position, the position in the movable valve element  140  within the bore of the valve body  110  may open a fluid passageway in the valve body  110  to transfer fluid from the inflatable member  104  to the fluid reservoir  102  that bypasses the pump bulb  108 . For example, the movable valve element  140 , when moved to the deflation position, is configured to change the fluid passageway through the bore to transfer fluid from the second fluid port  115  to the first fluid port  114  such that the pump bulb  108  is bypassed. In some examples, due to the pressure inside of the inflatable member  104 , some of the fluid may be automatically transferred from the inflation member  104  to the fluid reservoir  102  via the pump assembly  106 , and then the user may squeeze the inflatable member  104  to transfer some of the remaining fluid in the inflatable member  104 . 
     In some examples, the pump assembly  106  includes a feedback component disposed between the button component  112  and the movable valve element  140 . The feedback component is configured to provide at least one of tactile or auditory feedback in response to the activation of the movable valve element  140  being moved to the deflation position. For example, when the movable valve element  140  is pressed, the feedback component may provide a sound and/or tactile feeling that the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  has entered the deflation mode. In some examples, the feedback component includes a dome component. 
     Each of the first conduit connector  103  and the second conduit connector  105  may define a lumen configured to transfer the fluid to and from the pump assembly  106 . The first conduit connector  103  may be coupled to the pump assembly  106  and the fluid reservoir  102  such that fluid can be transferred between the pump assembly  106  and the fluid reservoir  102  via the first conduit connector  103 . For example, the first conduit connector  103  may define a first lumen configured to transfer fluid between the pump assembly  106  and the fluid reservoir  102 . The first conduit connector  103  may include a single or multiple tube members for transferring the fluid between the pump assembly  106  and the fluid reservoir  102 . 
     The second conduit connector  105  may be coupled to the pump assembly  106  and the inflatable member  104  such that fluid can be transferred between the pump assembly  106  and the inflatable member  104  via the second conduit connector  105 . For example, the second conduit connector  105  may define a second lumen configured to transfer fluid between the pump assembly  106  and the inflatable member  104 . The second conduit connector  105  may include a single or multiple tube members for transferring the fluid between the pump assembly  106  and the inflatable member  104 . In some examples, the first conduit connector  103  and the second conduit connector  105  may include a silicone rubber material. In some examples, the pump assembly  106  may be directly connected to the fluid reservoir  102 . 
     The inflatable member  104  may be capable of expanding upon the injection of fluid into a cavity of the inflatable member  104 . For instance, upon injection of the fluid into the inflatable member  104 , the inflatable member  104  may increase its length and/or width, as well as increase its rigidity. In some examples, the inflatable member  104  may include a pair of inflatable cylinders or at least two cylinders, e.g., a first cylinder member and a second cylinder member. The volumetric capacity of the inflatable member  104  may depend on the size of the inflatable cylinders. In some examples, the volume of fluid in each cylinder may vary from about  10  milliliters in smaller cylinders and to about  50  milliliters in larger sizes. In some examples, the first cylinder member may be larger than the second cylinder member. In other examples, the first cylinder member may have the same size as the second cylinder member. 
     The fluid reservoir  102  may include a container having an internal chamber configured to hold or house fluid that is used to inflate the inflatable member  104 . The volumetric capacity of the fluid reservoir  102  may vary depending on the size of the inflatable penile prosthesis  100 . In some examples, the volumetric capacity of the fluid reservoir  102  may be 3 to 150 cubic centimeters. In some examples, the fluid reservoir  102  is constructed from the same material as the inflatable member  104 . In other examples, the fluid reservoir  102  is constructed from a different material than the inflatable member  104 . In some examples, the fluid reservoir  102  contains a larger volume of fluid than the inflatable member  104 . 
       FIGS. 2A through 2E  illustrate various perspectives of a pump assembly  206  having a push valve  224  configured to move from an inflation position to a deflation position to open a fluid passageway that transfers fluid from an inflatable member to a fluid reservoir in a manner that bypasses a pump bulb  208 . For example, a user may push the push valve  224  to place the penile prosthesis in a deflation mode. In the inflation position, the pump assembly  206  transfers fluid from the fluid reservoir to the inflatable member via the pump bulb  208 . However, in the deflation position, the pump assembly  206  transfers fluid from the inflatable member to the fluid reservoir that bypasses the pump bulb  208 . In some examples, the push valve  224  is a switching valve. In some examples, the pump assembly  206  is an example of the pump assembly  106  of  FIG. 1 , and may include any of the features discussed with reference to the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  of  FIG. 1 . Also, the pump assembly  106  of  FIG. 1  may include any of the features with respect to the pump assembly  206  of  FIGS. 2A  though  2 E. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates an exterior of the pump assembly  206  according to an aspect.  FIG. 2B  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly  206  with the push valve  224  in an inflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 2C  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly  206  with the push valve  224  in a deflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 2D  illustrates a cross-section of a valve body  210  of the pump assembly  206  with the push valve  224  in the deflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 2E  illustrates a view of the valve body  210  of the pump assembly  206  with the push valve  224  in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
     The pump assembly  206  includes a pump bulb  208 , the valve body  210 , the push valve  224 , a button component  212 , and fluid transfer ports such as a first cylinder fluid port  213 , a second cylinder fluid port  215 , and a fluid reservoir port  214 . The fluid reservoir port  214  is configured to be connected to the first conduit connector  103  of  FIG. 1 , and the first cylinder fluid port  213  and the second cylinder fluid port  215  are configured to be connected to the second conduit connector  105  of  FIG. 1 . The first cylinder fluid port  213  includes a first tubular member defining a cavity. The second cylinder fluid port  215  includes a second tubular member defining a cavity. The fluid reservoir port  214  includes a third tubular member defining a cavity. In some examples, the first tubular member, the second tubular member, and the third tubular member are disposed parallel to each other. 
     In some examples, the pump assembly  206  includes a tube adaptor  250 . In some examples, the tube adaptor  250  is a triple tube adaptor. The tube adaptor  250  may be a unitary body (e.g., a single piece of material) that defines the first cylinder fluid port  213 , the second cylinder fluid port  215 , and the fluid reservoir port  214 . For example, the tube adaptor  250  may be manufactured separately from the valve body  210 , but coupled together during the assembly of the pump assembly  206 . The tube adaptor  250  is coupled to the valve body  210 . In some examples, the tube adaptor  250  is coupled to the valve body  210  using an interference fit. In some examples, the tube adaptor  250  is coupled to the valve body  210  using an adhesive material and/or one or more fasteners. 
     The pump bulb  208  may extend from a first end portion  216  of the valve body  210 , and the fluid transfer ports may extend from a second end portion  218  of the valve body  210 . The valve body  210  includes a side surface  217  that extends on one side of the valve body  210  between the first end portion  216  and the second end portion  218 . The button component  212  may extend from the side surface  217  and cover the push valve  224 . A user may press the button component  212  to move the push valve  224  to the deflation position. In some examples, a single instantaneous push of the push valve  224  causes the push valve  224  to move to the deflation position (and stay in the deflation position). For example, the user may not need to hold the push valve  224  for a predetermined period of time in order to move the push valve  224  to the deflation position. 
     The valve body  210  includes passageways and valve components. The valve body  210  may include a silicone material. For example, the valve body  210  may be molded from a silicone material having a medium durometer value. The valve body  210  includes the push valve  224 , a refill valve  220 , an inflation valve  222 , and an anti-auto inflate valve  230 . The anti-auto inflate valve  230  is shown with respect to  FIG. 2D . 
     The push valve  224  includes a movable valve element  240  and a biasing member  244  that biases the movable valve element  240  to the inflation position (as shown in  FIG. 2B ). The button component  212  may be a flexible button-shaped material that extends over the movable valve element  240 . In some examples, the button component  212  may be considered a portion of the valve body&#39;s housing extends from the side surface  217  of the valve body  210 . The biasing member  244  is biased to its elongated length, and, upon depression of movable valve element  240 , the biasing member  244  compresses to a shorter length (or compressed state). In some examples, the biasing member  244  includes a spring. In some examples, the movable valve element  240  includes an elongated cylindrical valve member. In some examples, the movable valve element  240  includes a poppet. In some examples, the movable valve element  240  includes a directional control valve. The movable valve element  240  includes a first end portion  243 , a ring member  242 , and a second end portion  245 . The ring member  242  may be a circular portion that extends around a portion of the shaft of the movable valve element  240 . In some examples, the ring member  242  includes an annular ring. In some examples, the ring member  242  includes a retainer ring. The ring member  242  is disposed on the movable valve element  240  at a location between the first end portion  243  and the second end portion  245 . In some examples, the first end portion  243  includes a ring member. In some examples, the second end portion  245  includes a ring member. In some examples, the second end portion  245  has a size (e.g., diameter) smaller than a size (e.g., diameter) of the first end portion  243 . In some examples, the first end portion  245  has a length (e.g., extending along an axis  221 ) longer than a length (e.g., extending along the axis  221 ) of the second end portion  245 . In some examples, the push valve  224  (or the valve body  210  in general) includes a directional control valve. 
     The movable valve element  240  (or a portion thereof) is movable within a main bore  225  defined by the valve body  210 . For example, in the inflation position, the first end portion  243  of the movable valve element  240  extends from the side surface  217  (but is covered by the button component  212 ). In some examples, the main bore  225  is a cylindrical cavity. The user may press the movable valve element  240  in the main bore  225  along the axis  221  to the deflation position (as shown in  FIGS. 2C through 2E ). In some examples, the button component  212  then flexes back to its original shape while the movable valve element  240  remains in the deflation position. In the deflation position, the edge of the second end portion  245  of the movable valve element  240  may be disposed adjacent to (or contact) a protrusion extending from the end of the main bore  225  with the biasing member  244  being compressed. In some examples, in the deflation position, the first end portion  243  of the movable valve element  240  is disposed within the valve body  210  (or substantially aligned with the side surface  217  of the valve body  210 ). 
     The pressure in the inflatable member may hold the movable valve element  240  in the deflation position (e.g. cylinder pressure seats the push valve  224 ). In some examples, the main bore  225  may include one or more protrusions that contact the ring member  242  (and/or another portion of the movable valve element  240 ) to hold the movable valve element  240  in the deflation position (e.g., preventing the biasing member  244  from pushing the movable valve element  240  to the inflation position). In order to switch to the inflation mode, the user may squeeze the pump bulb  208  and the resulting pressure causes the movable valve element  240  to move back to the inflation position. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2E , the portion of the main bore  225  disposed between the ring member  242  and the end of the main bore  225  defines an activation force pressure area  247 . When the user squeezes the pump bulb  208 , pressure inside of the activation force pressure area  247  increases, which forces the movable valve element  240  to switch to the inflation position. 
     The anti-auto inflate valve  230  is disposed within a post area  246  of the valve body  210 . The post area  246  may be considered a refill and anti-auto inflate post area. For example, the post area  246  is a fluid passageway area that transfers fluid from the fluid reservoir port  214  to refill the pump bulb  208  (in the inflation mode) and also transfers fluid to the fluid reservoir port  214  (in the deflation mode). In some examples, the anti-auto inflate valve  230  includes a check ball. In some examples, the anti-auto inflate valve  230  includes a check ball and a biasing member (e.g., a spring). 
     The refill valve  220  is disposed in a fluid passageway within the valve body  210  between the fluid reservoir port  214  and the pump bulb  208 . The refill valve  220  is used to transfer fluid in the inflation mode, but not used to transfer fluid in the deflation mode. In some examples, the refill valve  220  is a one-way valve. The refill valve  220  may include a floating check ball. In some examples, the refill valve  220  includes a floating check ball with fluting to increase and/or maximize fluid velocity across valve. In some examples, the refill valve  220  is aligned with the fluid reservoir port  214 . As shown in  FIG. 2B , the fluid reservoir port  214  defines a longitudinal axis  219  and the refill valve  220  is aligned along the longitudinal axis  219 . For example, in the inflation mode, fluid flows through the refill valve  220  to the pump bulb  208 , and the refill valve  220  is positioned along an axis that is aligned with the longitudinal axis  219  of the fluid reservoir port  214 . The refill valve  220  being in-line with the fluid reservoir port  214  may minimize fluid pathway tortuosity, and may decrease the pressure drop across the refill valve  220  to increase refill time. In some examples, the refill valve  220  and the anti-auto inflate valve  230  are disposed within the same fluid passageway within the valve body  210 . In some examples, the refill valve  220  is aligned with the anti-auto inflate valve  230 . For example, a longitudinal axis of the refill valve  220  may be substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis of the anti-auto inflate valve  230 . 
     The inflation valve  222  is disposed within a fluid passageway within the valve body  210  between the main bore  225  and the pump bulb  208 . The inflation valve  222  is used to transfer fluid during the inflation mode, but not used to transfer fluid in the deflation mode. In some examples, the inflation valve  222  is a one-way valve. In some examples, the inflation valve  222  includes a check ball and a biasing member that biases the inflation valve  222  to a sealing position. In some examples, the biasing member of the inflation valve  222  is a spring. In some examples, the size of the check ball of the inflation valve  222  is smaller than the size of the check ball of the refill valve  220 . In some examples, the smaller check ball and relatively light spring of the inflation valve  222  may decrease the squeeze force required to overcome the spring load. 
     In the inflation position (as shown in  FIG. 2B ), the pump bulb  208  is used to transfer fluid from the fluid reservoir to the inflatable member. For example, the user may depress (or squeeze) the pump bulb  208  and then release the pump bulb  208 , and then repeat these operations until the desired rigidity is achieved in the inflatable member. The release of the pump bulb  208  creates a suction force that pulls fluid from the fluid reservoir to the pump bulb  208  as shown by the arrow in  FIG. 2B . For example, the fluid flows through the fluid reservoir port  214  and through the valve body  210  and into the pump bulb  208 . In the valve body  210 , the fluid flows through a fluid passageway that includes the post area  246  and the refill valve  220 . The refill valve  220  being in-line with the fluid reservoir port  214  may minimize fluid pathway tortuosity, and may decrease the pressure drop across the refill valve  220  to increase refill time. The fluid does not enter the main bore  225  when being transferred through the fluid passageway from the fluid reservoir port  214  to the pump bulb  208 . 
     The depression (or squeezing) of the pump bulb  208  expels the fluid from the pump bulb  208  to the inflatable member. For example, in the valve body  210 , the fluid flows through the inflation valve  222 , into the main bore  225  (with the movable valve element  240  in the inflation position), and then out of the main bore  225  into the first and second cylinder fluid ports  213 ,  215 . In the inflation position, the movable valve element  240  blocks a fluid passageway from the main bore  225  to the post area  246  (e.g., preventing fluid from flowing from the main bore  225  to the post area  246  during the inflation mode). Rather, the fluid flows through the main bore  225  between the ring member  242  and the end of the cavity of the main bore  225 , and into the first and second cylinder fluid ports  213 ,  215 . In some examples, the fluid pathway from the pump bulb  208  to the first and second cylinder fluid ports  213 ,  215  may decrease the pressure drop across the inflation valve  222  to allow for faster inflate time and may provide less fluid resistance (thereby requiring less pump bulb squeeze force). 
     The user may press the movable valve element  240  to move along the axis  221  to the deflation position (as shown in  FIGS. 2C, 2D, and 2E ). In some examples, the axis  221  is substantially orthogonal (e.g., perpendicular) to the axis  219 . In some examples, a single instantaneous push of the movable valve element  240  causes the movable valve element  240  to move to the deflation position (and stay in the deflation position). In the deflation position, the edge of the second end portion  245  of the movable valve element  240  may be disposed adjacent to (or contact) a protrusion at the end of the main bore  225  with the biasing member  244  being in a compressed state. In some examples, due to the pressure inside of the inflatable member, some of the fluid may be automatically transferred from the inflation member to the fluid reservoir via the pump assembly  206  (bypassing the pump bulb  208 ), and then the user may squeeze the inflatable member to transfer some of the remaining fluid in the inflatable member. 
     Movement of the movable valve element  240  to the deflation position causes a fluid passageway to open between the main bore  225  and the post area  246  (as shown in  FIG. 2D ), and closes a fluid passageway from the main bore  225  to the inflation valve  222 . The fluid may flow from the first and second cylinder ports  213 ,  215  into the main bore  225  (via a fluid passageway between the cylinder fluid ports  213 ,  215  and the main bore  225 ), and the movable valve element  240  causes the fluid to flow into the post area  246 . The fluid flows through the anti-auto inflate valve  230  and into the fluid reservoir port  214  (via a fluid passageway between the post area  246  and the fluid reservoir port  214 ). In the deflation mode, the fluid is not routed through the pump bulb  208 . Also, in the deflation mode, the refill valve  220  and the inflation valve  222  are not used. 
       FIGS. 3A through 3E  illustrate various perspectives of a pump assembly  306  having a push valve  324  configured to move from an inflation position to a deflation position to open a fluid passageway that transfers fluid from an inflatable member to a fluid reservoir in a manner that bypasses a pump bulb  308 . In the inflation position, the pump assembly  306  transfers fluid from the fluid reservoir to the inflatable member via the pump bulb  308 . However, in the deflation position, the pump assembly  306  transfers fluid from the inflatable member to the fluid reservoir that bypasses the pump bulb  308 . In some examples, the push valve  324  is a push rod valve. In some examples, the pump assembly  306  is an example of the pump assembly  106  of  FIG. 1 , and may include any of the features discussed with reference to the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  of  FIG. 1  and/or the pump assembly  206  of  FIGS. 2A through 2E . Also, the pump assembly  106  of  FIG. 1  and/or the pump assembly  206  of  FIGS. 2A through 2E  may include any of the features with respect to the pump assembly  306  of  FIGS. 3A  though  3 E. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a perspective of an exterior of the pump assembly  306  according to an aspect.  FIG. 3B  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly  306  with the push valve  324  in the inflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 3C  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly  306  with the push valve  324  in the deflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 3D  illustrates a perspective of a valve body  310  of the pump assembly  306  with the push valve  324  in the inflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 3E  illustrates a perspective of the valve body  310  with the push valve  324  in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
     The pump assembly  306  includes the pump bulb  308 , the valve body  310 , the push valve  324 , a button component  312 , and fluid transfer ports such as a first cylinder fluid port  313 , a second cylinder fluid port  315 , and a fluid reservoir port  314 . The valve body  310  includes passageways and valve components. The valve body  310  and/or the pump assembly  306  include the push valve  324 , a refill valve  320 , and an inflation valve  322 . In some examples, the valve body  310  includes an anti-auto inflate area  365  (see  FIG. 3C ) that includes an anti-auto inflate valve. In some examples, the anti-auto inflate valve includes a check ball. In some examples, the anti-auto inflate valve includes a check ball and a biasing member (e.g., a spring). 
     The push valve  324  includes a movable valve element  340  and a biasing member  344  that biases the movable valve element  340  to the inflation position (as shown in  FIG. 3B ). As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the button component  312  may be a flexible button-shaped material that extends over the movable valve element  340 . In some examples, the button component  312  may be considered a portion of the valve body&#39;s housing extends from a side surface  317  of the valve body  310 . In some examples, the biasing member  344  includes an elastomer control valve spring. In some examples, the biasing member  344  includes a spring. In some examples, the movable valve element  340  includes an elongated cylindrical valve member. In some examples, the movable valve element  340  is a push rod having sections of different sizes. In some examples, the movable valve element  340  includes a poppet. In some examples, the movable valve element  340  includes a directional control valve. 
     As shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 3D and 3E , the movable valve element  340  includes a first end portion  343 , a first central portion  347 , a second central portion  349 , and a second end portion  345 . In some examples, the first end portion  343  includes a button-shaped end that is slightly smaller than the button component  312  such that the first end portion  343  can fit into the button component  312 . The second end portion  345  defines a ring member  342 . The ring member  342  may be a circular portion that extends around the end of the movable valve element  340 . In some examples, the ring member  342  includes an annular ring. In some examples, the ring member  342  includes a retainer ring. The second central portion  349  has a size (e.g., diameter) that is less than a size (e.g., diameter) of the first central portion  347 . In some examples, the first end portion  343  has a size (e.g., diameter) that is less than the size of the second central portion  349 . In some examples, the second central portion  349  has a length (e.g., extending along an axis  321 ) longer than a length (e.g., extending along the axis  321 ) of the first central portion  347 . In some examples, the push valve  324  (or the valve body  310  in general) includes a single poppet. 
     The movable valve element  340  (or a portion thereof) is movable within a main bore  325  defined by the valve body  310 . For example, in the inflation position, the first end portion  343  of the movable valve element  340  extends from the side surface  317  (but is covered by the button component  312 ). In some examples, the main bore  325  is a cylindrical cavity. The user may press the movable valve element  340  to move the movable valve element  340  in the main bore  325  along the axis  321  to the deflation position (as shown in  FIGS. 3C and 3D ). In some examples, the button component  312  then flexes back to its original shape while the movable valve element  340  remains in the deflation position. In the deflation position, the ring member  342  on the second end portion  345  of the movable valve element  340  may be disposed adjacent to the end of the main bore  325  and/or in contact with a portion  362  of the valve body  310  that slightly extends into the main bore  325 . In the deflation position, the biasing member  344  is compressed. In some examples, in the deflation position, the edge of the first end portion  343  of the movable valve element  340  may be disposed within the valve body  310  and/or substantially aligned with the side surface  317  of the valve body  310 . 
     The pressure in the inflatable member may hold the movable valve element  340  in the deflation position (e.g. cylinder pressure seats the push valve  324 ). In some examples, the main bore  325  may include one or more protrusions that contact the ring member  342  (and/or another portion of the movable valve element  340 ) to hold the movable valve element  340  in the deflation position. In some examples, the biasing member  344  is configured to return the movable valve element  340  to the inflation position in response to the cylinder pressure dropping below a threshold level. In some examples, the user may squeeze the pump bulb  308  and the resulting pressure causes the movable valve element  340  to move back to the inflation position. 
     The refill valve  320  is disposed in a fluid passageway between the main bore  325  and the pump bulb  308 . The refill valve  320  is used to transfer fluid in the inflation mode, but not used to transfer fluid in the deflation mode. In some examples, the refill valve  320  is a one-way valve. The refill valve  320  may include a floating check ball. In some examples, the refill valve  320  includes a floating check ball with fluting to increase and/or maximize fluid velocity across valve. In some examples, the refill valve  320  is aligned with the fluid reservoir port  314 . The fluid reservoir port  314  defines a longitudinal axis  319  and the refill valve  320  is aligned along the longitudinal axis  319 . For example, in the inflation mode, fluid flows through the refill valve  320  to the pump bulb  308 , and the refill valve  320  is positioned along an axis that is aligned with the longitudinal axis  319  of the fluid reservoir port  314 . The refill valve  320  being in-line with the fluid reservoir port  314  may minimize fluid pathway tortuosity, and may decrease the pressure drop across the refill valve  320  to increase refill time. 
     The inflation valve  322  is disposed within a fluid passageway between the main bore  325  and the pump bulb  308 . In some examples, the inflation valve  322  is disposed in a separate fluid passageway than the refill valve  320 . In some examples, the inflation valve  322  and the refill valve  320  are parallel to each other. The inflation valve  322  is used to transfer fluid during the inflation mode, but not used to transfer fluid in the deflation mode. In some examples, the inflation valve  322  is a one-way valve. In some examples, the inflation valve  322  includes a check ball and a biasing member that biases the inflation valve  322  to a sealing position. In some examples, the biasing member of the inflation valve  322  is a spring. In some examples, the size of the check ball of the inflation valve  322  is smaller than the size of the check ball of the refill valve  320 . In some examples, the smaller check ball and relatively light spring of the inflation valve  322  may decrease the squeeze force required to overcome the spring load. 
     In the inflation position (as shown in  FIGS. 3B and 3D ), the pump bulb  308  is used to transfer fluid from the fluid reservoir to the inflatable member. For example, the user may depress (or squeeze) the pump bulb  308  and then release the pump bulb  308 , and then repeat these operations until the desired rigidity is achieved in the inflatable member. The release of the pump bulb  308  creates a suction force that pulls fluid from the fluid reservoir to the pump bulb  308  as shown by the arrow in  FIG. 3B . For example, the fluid flows through the fluid reservoir port  314 , through the valve body  310 , through the refill valve  320 , and into the pump bulb  308 . In the valve body  310 , the fluid flows from the fluid reservoir port  314  into a portion  364  of the main bore  325 . In the inflation position, the portion  364  of the main bore  325  is a bore portion between the first central portion  347  of the movable valve element  340  and the ring member  342  of the movable valve element  340 . In the inflation position, the second central portion  349  (e.g., having the reduced size) of the movable valve element  340  is positioned in the main bore  325  such that the movable valve element  340  directs the flow of fluid around the second central portion  349  and into the fluid passageway having the refill valve  320 . 
     The depression (or squeezing) of the pump bulb  308  expels the fluid from the pump bulb  308  to the inflatable member. For example, the fluid flows from the pump bulb  308 , through the inflation valve  322 , into a portion  366  of the main bore  325 , and then into the first and second cylinder fluid ports  313 ,  315 . In the inflation position, the portion  366  of the main bore  325  is a bore portion disposed between the ring member  342  of the movable valve element  340  and an end  368  of the main bore  325 . For instance, in the inflation position, the ring member  342  may separate the fluid passageway in the main bore  325  from the fluid reservoir port  314  to the pump bulb  308  and the fluid passageway in the main bore  325  from the pump bulb  308  to the first and second cylinder fluid ports  313 ,  315 . In some examples, the fluid pathway from the pump bulb  308  to the first and second cylinder fluid ports  313 ,  315  may decrease the pressure drop across the inflation valve  322  to allow for faster inflate time and may provide less fluid resistance (thereby requiring less pump bulb squeeze force). 
     The user may press the movable valve element  340  to move along the axis  321  to the deflation position (as shown in  FIGS. 3C and 3E ). In some examples, the axis  321  is substantially orthogonal (e.g., perpendicular) to the axis  319 . In some examples, a single instantaneous push of the movable valve element  340  causes the movable valve element  340  to move to the deflation position (and stay in the deflation position). In the deflation position, the biasing member  344  is compressed, and the ring member  342  contacts a portion  362  of the valve body  310  that extends into the main bore  325 . In some examples, due to the pressure inside of the inflatable member, some of the fluid may be automatically transferred from the inflation member to the fluid reservoir via the pump assembly  306  (bypassing the pump bulb  308 ), and then the user may squeeze the inflatable member to transfer some of the remaining fluid in the inflatable member. 
     Movement of the movable valve element  340  to the deflation position closes the fluid passageway in the main bore  325  between the fluid reservoir port  314  and the pump bulb  308  and closes the fluid passageway in the valve body  310  between the pump bulb  308  and the first and second cylinder ports  313 ,  315 . As shown in  FIG. 3C , in the deflation position, the fluid may flow through a portion of the main bore  325  between the ring member  342  and the first central portion  347 . In the deflation mode, the fluid is not routed through the pump bulb  308 . Also, in the deflation mode, the refill valve  320  and the inflation valve  322  are not used. 
       FIGS. 4A through 4C  illustrates a push valve  424  according to an aspect. The push valve  424  may be an example of any of the push valves discussed with reference to the previous figures, and may include any of the features discussed herein.  FIG. 4A  illustrates a perspective of the push valve  424  according to an aspect.  FIG. 4B  illustrates a perspective of the push valve  424  in the inflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 4C  illustrates a perspective of the push valve  424  in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
     The push valve  424  includes a two-piece movable valve element  440 . The movable valve element  440  includes a first movable member  470  and a second movable member  472 . The first movable member  470  and the second movable member  472  are unitary bodies that are separate from each other. The first movable member  470  and the second movable member  472  are concentrically aligned. The first movable member  470  and the second movable member  472  are configured to move independently of each other within a main bore  425  of a valve body  410 . The push valve  424  includes a first biasing member  444  that biases the first movable member  470  to the inflation position, and a second biasing member  445  that biases the second movable member  472  to the inflation position. The first biasing member  444  and the second biasing member  445  are configured to be compressed upon an application of force. In some examples, the first biasing member  444  includes a spring having a plurality of coils. In some examples, the second biasing member  445  includes a spring having a plurality of coils. 
     The first movable member  470  may be a cylindrical body having sections with different sizes (e.g., diameters). The second movable member  472  may be a cylindrical body having sections with different sizes (e.g., diameters). The first movable member  470  includes a ring member  442  disposed on one end portion of the first movable member  470  and an interfacing portion  471  disposed on the other end portion of the first movable member  470 . The second movable member  472  includes a ring member  443  disposed on one end portion of the second movable member  472 , an interfacing portion  473  disposed on the other end portion of the second movable member  472 , and a ring member  447  disposed on the second movable member  472  at a location between the interfacing portion  473  and the ring member  443 . The ring members  442 ,  443 ,  447  may be circular portions that extend around portions of the first movable member  470  or the second movable member  472 . In some examples, the ring members  442 ,  443 ,  447  may be annular rings or retainer rings. 
     The interfacing portion  471  of the first movable member  470  may be movably coupled (e.g., contact and slide) with respect to the interfacing portion  473  of the second movable member  472 . In some examples, the interfacing portion  471  may overlap with the interfacing portion  473  and may move away from each other such that the interfacing portion  471  and the interfacing portion  473  partially overlap (or do not overlap at all). In some examples, each of the interfacing portion  471  and the interfacing portion  473  has a width that is narrower than other portions of the first movable member  470  and the second movable member  472 , respectively. In some examples, the first movable member  470  defines a channel or groove on a surface portion of the first movable member  470  that is configured to receive the interfacing portion  473  of the second movable member  472 , and the second movable member  472  defines a channel or groove on a surface portion of the second movable member  472  that is configured to receive the interfacing portion  471  of the first movable member  470 . 
     A user may press the button component  412  that causes the first movable member  470  and the second movable member  472  to linearly move to the deflation position in which the first biasing member  444  and the second biasing member  445  are compressed. The first biasing member  444  is disposed in the main bore  425 , and contacts the ring member  442  on the first movable member  470 . For example, the first biasing member  444  may be disposed between the ring member  442  and an end portion  480  of the main bore  425 . The ring member  442  defines slots  474  that receive coil portions of the first biasing member  444 . For example, the first biasing member  444  contacts the ring member  442  at the slots  474  to bias the first movable member  470  to the inflation position. The second biasing member  445  is disposed in the main bore  425 , and contacts the ring member  447  on the second movable member  472 . For example, the second biasing member  445  may be disposed between the ring member  447  and a portion  482  of the valve body  410  in the main bore  425 . The second biasing member  445  contacts the ring member  447  to bias the second movable member  472  to the inflation position. In some examples, the ring member  447  includes slots that receive coils portions of the second biasing member  445 . 
       FIGS. 5A through 5D  illustrate various perspectives of a pump assembly  506  having a push valve  524  configured to move from an inflation position to a deflation position to open a fluid passageway that transfers fluid from an inflatable member to a fluid reservoir in a manner that bypasses a pump bulb  508 . In some examples, the push valve  524  is a switching valve pump. The pump assembly  506  may include any of the features discussed with reference to the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  of  FIG. 1 , the pump assembly  206  of  FIGS. 2A through 2E , the pump assembly  306  of  FIGS. 3A through 3D , and/or the push valve  424  of  FIGS. 4A through 4C . Also, the pump assembly  106  of  FIG. 1 , the pump assembly  206  of  FIGS. 2A through 2E , the pump assembly  306  of  FIGS. 3A through 3D , and/or the push valve  424  of  FIGS. 4A through 4C  may include any of the features with respect to the pump assembly  506  of  FIGS. 5A  though  3 D. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a perspective of an exterior of the pump assembly  506  with the push valve  524  in the deflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 5B  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly  506  with the push valve  524  in the inflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 5C  illustrates a perspective of the pump assembly  506  with the push valve  524  in the deflation position according to an aspect.  FIG. 5D  illustrates a perspective of a valve body  510  of the pump assembly  506  with the push valve  524  in the deflation position according to an aspect. 
     The pump assembly  506  includes the pump bulb  508 , the valve body  510 , the push valve  524  movable with respect to the valve body  510 , and fluid transfer ports such as a first cylinder fluid port  513 , a second cylinder fluid port  515 , and a fluid reservoir port  514 . In some examples, the pump assembly  506  includes a button component that covers the push valve  524 . The valve body  510  includes passageways and valve components. The valve body  510  includes the push valve  524 , a refill valve  520 , an inflation valve  522 , and an anti-auto inflate valve  530 . 
     The push valve  524  includes a movable valve element  540  and a biasing member (not shown) that biases the movable valve element  540  to the inflation position (as shown in  FIG. 5B ). The push valve  524  may include a valve guide  585 . In the inflation position, a portion of the movable valve element  540  extends from a side surface  517  of the valve body  510 . In some examples, the biasing member includes a spring. In some examples, the movable valve element  540  includes an elongated cylindrical valve member. In some examples, the movable valve element  540  is a push rod having sections of different sizes. In some examples, the movable valve element  540  includes a poppet. In some examples, the movable valve element  540  includes a directional control valve. 
     The movable valve element  540  includes a first end portion  543 , a central portion  549 , and a second end portion  545 . In some examples, the central portion  549  has a size (e.g., diameter) less than a size (e.g., diameter) of the first end portion  543  and a size (e.g., diameter) of the second end portion  545 . In some examples, the first end portion  543  includes a ring member. In some examples, the second end portion  545  includes a ring member. In some examples, the ring member includes an annular ring or a retainer ring. The central portion  549  has a length longer than a length of the first end portion  543  and longer than a length of the second end portion  545 . 
     In some examples, the pressure in the inflatable member may hold the movable valve element  540  in the deflation position (e.g. cylinder pressure seats the push valve  524 ). In some examples, the main bore  525  may include one or more protrusions that contact one or more portions of the movable valve element  540  to hold the movable valve element  540  in the deflation position. In some examples, the user may squeeze the pump bulb  508  and the resulting pressure causes the movable valve element  540  to move back to the inflation position. 
     The refill valve  520  is disposed in a fluid passageway between the fluid reservoir port  514  and the pump bulb  508 . The refill operation does not pass through the main bore  525  so there may be less fluid resistance in the refill state. The refill valve  520  is used to transfer fluid in the inflation mode, but not used to transfer fluid in the deflation mode. In some examples, the refill valve  520  is a one-way valve. The refill valve  520  may include a floating check ball. In some examples, the refill valve  520  includes a floating check ball with fluting to increase and/or maximize fluid velocity across valve. In some examples, the refill valve  520  is aligned with the fluid reservoir port  514 . The fluid reservoir port  514  defines a longitudinal axis  519  and the refill valve  520  is aligned along the longitudinal axis  519 . For example, in the inflation mode, fluid flows through the refill valve  520  to the pump bulb  508 , and the refill valve  520  is positioned along an axis that is aligned with the longitudinal axis  519  of the fluid reservoir port  514 . The refill valve  520  being in-line with the fluid reservoir port  514  may minimize fluid pathway tortuosity, and may decrease the pressure drop across the refill valve  520  to increase refill time. 
     The inflation valve  522  is disposed within a fluid passageway between the main bore  525  and the pump bulb  508 . In some examples, the inflation valve  522  is disposed in a separate fluid passageway than the refill valve  520 . In some examples, the inflation valve  522  and the refill valve  520  are parallel to each other. The inflation valve  522  is used to transfer fluid during the inflation mode, but not used to transfer fluid in the deflation mode. In some examples, the inflation valve  522  is a one-way valve. In some examples, the inflation valve  522  includes a check ball and a biasing member that biases the inflation valve  522  to a sealing position. In some examples, the biasing member of the inflation valve  522  is a spring. In some examples, the size of the check ball of the inflation valve  522  is smaller than the size of the check ball of the refill valve  520 . In some examples, the smaller check ball and relatively light spring of the inflation valve  522  may decrease the squeeze force required to overcome the spring load. 
     In the inflation position, the pump bulb  508  is used to transfer fluid from the fluid reservoir to the inflatable member. For example, the user may depress (or squeeze) the pump bulb  508  and then release the pump bulb  508 , and then repeat these operations until the desired rigidity is achieved in the inflatable member. The release of the pump bulb  508  creates a suction force that pulls fluid from the fluid reservoir to the pump bulb  308  as shown by the arrow in  FIG. 5B . For example, the fluid flows through the fluid reservoir port  514 , the refill valve  520 , and into the pump bulb  508 . 
     The depression (or squeezing) of the pump bulb  508  expels the fluid from the pump bulb  508  to the inflatable member. For example, the fluid flows from the pump bulb  508 , through the inflation valve  522 , into a portion of the main bore  525 , and then into the first and second cylinder fluid ports  513 ,  515 . The second end portion  545  of the movable valve element  540  directs the fluid into the first and second cylinder fluid ports  513 ,  515 . In some examples, the fluid pathway from the pump bulb  508  to the first and second cylinder fluid ports  513 ,  515  may decrease the pressure drop across the inflation valve  522  to allow for faster inflate time and may provide less fluid resistance (thereby requiring less pump bulb squeeze force). 
     The user may press the movable valve element  540  to move along the axis  521  to the deflation position. In some examples, the axis  521  is substantially orthogonal (e.g., perpendicular) to the axis  519 . In some examples, a single instantaneous push of the movable valve element  540  moves the movable valve element  540  to the deflation position (and stay in the deflation position). As shown in  FIG. 5C , in the deflation position, the fluid may flow from the first and second cylinder fluid ports  513 ,  515 , through the anti-auto inflate valve  530 , and into the fluid reservoir port  514 . In the deflation mode, the fluid is not routed through the pump bulb  508 . Also, in the deflation mode, the refill valve  520  and the inflation valve  522  are not used. 
       FIGS. 6A through 6B  illustrates various perspectives of a feedback component  611  configured to provide at least one of tactile or auditory feedback in response to moving a movable valve element  640  to the deflation position. The feedback component  611  is disposed between the movable valve element  640  and a button component  612 . The feedback component  611  may be used in any of the push assemblies discussed herein. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates the feedback component  611  as a dome structure  685  according to an aspect. In some examples, the dome structure  685  includes a rounded vault and a circular base. In some examples, when the dome structure  685  is compressed, the dome structure  685  may create a sound. In some examples, when the dome structure  685  is compressed, the dome structure  685  may provide a tactile sensation that is perceptible by the user.  FIG. 6B  illustrates the feedback component  611  disposed on an end surface  633  of the movable valve element  640  according to an aspect. When the button component  612  is pressed, the button component  612  moves the movable valve element  640  in order to place the push valve in the deflation position. The movable valve element  640  and the button component  612  compress the feedback component  611 , which causes the feedback component  611  to provide at least one of tactile or auditory feedback. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a flow chart  700  depicting example operations of a method of controlling a direction of fluid through a pump assembly of an inflatable penile prosthesis according to an aspect. Although the flow chart  700  is explained with reference to the inflatable penile prosthesis  100  of  FIG. 1 , the example operations of the flow chart  700  may be performed by any of inflatable penile prostheses, pump assemblies, and/or push valves discussed herein. 
     Operation  702  includes transferring, by a pump assembly  106 , fluid from a fluid reservoir  102  to an inflatable member  104 , including transferring the fluid from the fluid reservoir  102  to a pump bulb  108  via a refill valve  120  and transferring the fluid from the pump bulb  108  to the inflatable member  104  via an inflation valve  122  and a push valve  124  having a movable valve element  140 . Operation  704  includes pushing the movable valve element  140  along an axis  121  to a deflation position to change a fluid passageway through a valve body  110  of the pump assembly  106 . Operation  706  includes transferring the fluid from the inflatable member  104  to the fluid reservoir  102  via the push valve  124  such that the fluid is not transferred through the pump bulb  108 . 
       FIG. 8  schematically illustrates an inflatable penile prosthesis  800  having a pump assembly  806  according to an aspect. The pump assembly  806  may include any of the features of the pump assemblies (including the push valve) described with reference to the previous figures. The penile prosthesis  800  may include a pair of inflatable cylinders  810 , and the inflatable cylinders  810  are configured to be implanted in a penis. For example, one of the inflatable cylinders  810  may be disposed on one side of the penis, and the other inflatable cylinder  810  may be disposed on the other side of the penis. Each inflatable cylinder  810  may include a first end portion  824 , a cavity or inflation chamber  822 , and a second end portion  828  having a rear tip  832 . 
     The pump assembly  806  may be implanted into the patient&#39;s scrotum. A pair of conduit connectors  805  may attach the pump assembly  806  to the inflatable cylinders  810  such that the pump assembly  806  is in fluid communication with the inflatable cylinders  810 . Also, the pump assembly  806  may be in fluid communication with a fluid reservoir  802  via a conduit connector  803 . The fluid reservoir  802  may be implanted into the user&#39;s abdomen. The inflation chamber or portion  822  of the inflatable cylinder  810  may be disposed within the penis. The first end portion  824  of the inflatable cylinder  810  may be at least partially disposed within the crown portion of the penis. The second end portion  828  may be implanted into the patient&#39;s pubic region PR with the rear tip  832  proximate the pubic bone PB. 
     In order to implant the inflatable cylinders  810 , the surgeon first prepares the patient. The surgeon often makes an incision in the penoscrotal region, e.g., where the base of the penis meets with the top of the scrotum. From the penoscrotal incision, the surgeon may dilate the patient&#39;s corpus cavernosae to prepare the patient to receive the inflatable cylinders  810 . The corpus cavernosum is one of two parallel columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsal part of the body of the penis, e.g., two slender columns that extend substantially the length of the penis. The surgeon will also dilate two regions of the pubic area to prepare the patient to receive the second end portion  828 . The surgeon may measure the length of the corpora cavernosae from the incision and the dilated region of the pubic area to determine an appropriate size of the inflatable cylinders  810  to implant. 
     After the patient is prepared, the penile prosthesis  800  is implanted into the patient. The tip of the first end portion  824  of each inflatable cylinder  810  may be attached to a suture. The other end of the suture may be attached to a needle member (e.g., Keith needle). The needle member is inserted into the incision and into the dilated corpus cavernosum. The needle member is then forced through the crown of the penis. The surgeon tugs on the suture to pull the inflatable cylinder  810  into the corpus cavernosum. This is done for each inflatable cylinder  810  of the pair. Once the inflation chamber  822  is in place, the surgeon may remove the suture from the tip. The surgeon then inserts the second end portion  828 . The surgeon inserts the rear end of the inflatable cylinder  810  into the incision and forces the second end portion  828  toward the pubic bone PB until each inflatable cylinder  810  is in place. 
     A pump bulb  808  of the pump assembly  806  may be squeezed or depressed by the user in order to facilitate the transfer of fluid from the fluid reservoir  802  to the inflatable cylinders  810 . For example, in the inflation mode, while the user is operating the pump bulb  808 , the pump bulb  808  may receive the fluid from the fluid reservoir  802 , and then output the fluid to the inflatable cylinders  810 . When the user switches to the deflation mode, at least some of the fluid can automatically be transferred back to the fluid reservoir  802  (due to the difference in pressure from the inflatable cylinders  810  to the fluid reservoir  802 ). Then, the user may squeeze the inflatable cylinders  810  to facilitate the further transfer of fluid through the pump bulb  808  to the fluid reservoir  802 . 
     While certain features of the described implementations have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the scope of the embodiments.