Patent Publication Number: US-11665116-B2

Title: Invitation media overlays for private collections of media content items

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/704,187, filed Apr. 27, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic messaging, particularly instant messaging, continues to grow globally in popularity. Users are quickly able to share with one another electronic media content items including text, electronic images, audio, and video instantly. 
     With the increasing number of users on social networking systems, each user also has a growing network of individuals that she follows. Therefore, in order to maintain the user&#39;s engagement on social networking systems, it is paramount that the systems have the ability to present to each user the media content items that are most interesting or relevant to her. In addition to the need to curate the media content items, the social networking systems are also presented with the challenge of providing a graphical user interface that captivates the user&#39;s attention and allows her to view the curated media content items and further interact the network of individuals that she follows. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example, and not limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a diagrammatic representation of a networked environment in which the present disclosure may be deployed, in accordance with some examples. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagrammatic representation of a messaging system, in accordance with some examples, that has both client-side and server-side functionality. 
         FIG.  3    is a diagrammatic representation of a data structure as maintained in a database, in accordance with some examples. 
         FIG.  4    is a diagrammatic representation of a message, in accordance with some examples. 
         FIG.  5    is a flowchart for an access-limiting process, in accordance with some examples. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a process  600  of generating invitation media overlays for private collections of media content items in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a user interface  700  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a user interface  800  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a user interface  900  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a user interface  1000  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a user interface  1100  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates a user interface  1200  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  13    illustrates a user interface  1300  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  14    illustrates a user interface  1400  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  15    illustrates a user interface  1500  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  16    illustrates a user interface  1600  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  17    illustrates a user interface  1700  displayed on a client device in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG.  18    is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions may be executed for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, in accordance with some examples. 
         FIG.  19    is a block diagram showing a software architecture within which examples may be implemented. 
         FIG.  20    is a diagrammatic representation of a processing environment, in accordance with some examples. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In messaging systems, users are connected to a variety of other users with whom they have different levels and types of relationships. For example, a user can be connected to a group of his close friends as well as his co-workers, acquaintances as well as people he does not know outside of the messaging system. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure improve the functionality of electronic messaging software and systems by recognizing that the user may want to share media content items with one group of users (e.g., close friends) and not with the rest of the users he is connected to on the messaging system. Specifically, the embodiments of the present disclosure generates invitation media overlay that are used to invite one or more selected users (e.g., recipients) to join a private group that have access to a private collection of media content items (e.g., images, pictures, text, video, audio, etc.) generated by the user (e.g., the sender). When recipients receives a media content item with the invitation media overlay from the sender, the recipients are more inclined to continue engaging with the messaging system and send a response to the sender when the media content item that he received appears to be a direct personal message and allows him to join the private group. 
     Networked Computing Environment 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram showing an example messaging system  100  for exchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network. The messaging system  100  includes multiple instances of a client device  102 , each of which hosts a number of applications, including a messaging client  104 . Each messaging client  104  is communicatively coupled to other instances of the messaging client  104  and a messaging server system  108  via a network  106  (e.g., the Internet). 
     A messaging client  104  is able to communicate and exchange data with another messaging client  104  and with the messaging server system  108  via the network  106 . The data exchanged between messaging client  104 , and between a messaging client  104  and the messaging server system  108 , includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data). 
     The messaging server system  108  provides server-side functionality via the network  106  to a particular messaging client  104 . While certain functions of the messaging system  100  are described herein as being performed by either a messaging client  104  or by the messaging server system  108 , the location of certain functionality either within the messaging client  104  or the messaging server system  108  may be a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging server system  108  but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the messaging client  104  where a client device  102  has sufficient processing capacity. 
     The messaging server system  108  supports various services and operations that are provided to the messaging client  104 . Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the messaging client  104 . This data may include message content, client device information, geolocation information, media augmentation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messaging system  100  are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the messaging client  104 . 
     Turning now specifically to the messaging server system  108 , an Application Program Interface (API) server  110  is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, application servers  112 . The application servers  112  are communicatively coupled to a database server  118 , which facilitates access to a database  120  that stores data associated with messages processed by the application servers  112 . Similarly, a web server  124  is coupled to the application servers  112  and provides web-based interfaces to the application servers  112 . To this end, the web server  124  processes incoming network requests over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other related protocols. 
     The Application Program Interface (API) server  110  receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device  102  and the application servers  112 . Specifically, the Application Program Interface (API) server  110  provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the messaging client  104  in order to invoke functionality of the application servers  112 . The Application Program Interface (API) server  110  exposes various functions supported by the application servers  112 , including account registration, login functionality, the sending of messages, via the application servers  112 , from a particular messaging client  104  to another messaging client  104 , the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging client  104  to a messaging server  114 , and for possible access by another messaging client  104 , the settings of a collection of media data (e.g., story), the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device  102 , the retrieval of such collections, the retrieval of messages and content, the addition and deletion of entities (e.g., friends) to an entity graph (e.g., a social graph), the location of friends within a social graph, and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the messaging client  104 ). 
     The application servers  112  host a number of server applications and subsystems, including for example a messaging server  114 , an image processing server  116 , and a social network server  122 . The messaging server  114  implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the messaging client  104 . As will be described in further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called stories or galleries). These collections are then made available to the messaging client  104 . Other processor and memory intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the messaging server  114 , in view of the hardware requirements for such processing. 
     The application servers  112  also include an image processing server  116  that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations, typically with respect to images or video within the payload of a message sent from or received at the messaging server  114 . 
     The social network server  122  supports various social networking functions and services and makes these functions and services available to the messaging server  114 . To this end, the social network server  122  maintains and accesses an entity graph  306  (as shown in  FIG.  3   ) within the database  120 . Examples of functions and services supported by the social network server  122  include the identification of other users of the messaging system  100  with which a particular user has relationships or is “following,” and also the identification of other entities and interests of a particular user. 
     System Architecture 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding the messaging system  100 , according to some examples. Specifically, the messaging system  100  is shown to comprise the messaging client  104  and the application servers  112 . The messaging system  100  embodies a number of subsystems, which are supported on the client-side by the messaging client  104  and on the server-side by the application servers  112 . These subsystems include, for example, an ephemeral timer system  202 , a collection management system  204 , an augmentation system  206 , a map system  208 , and a game system  210 . 
     The ephemeral timer system  202  is responsible for enforcing the temporary or time-limited access to content by the messaging client  104  and the messaging server  114 . The ephemeral timer system  202  incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., a story), selectively enable access (e.g., for presentation and display) to messages and associated content via the messaging client  104 . Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system  202  are provided below. 
     The collection management system  204  is responsible for managing sets or collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video, and audio data). A collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system  204  may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the messaging client  104 . In one embodiment, the collection management system  204  can be responsible for managing a private collection of media content items that can only be viewed by a group of users in the messaging system that are selected by the creator of the private collection. In one embodiment, the private collection of media content items can only be modified by the creator. For example, the collection management system  204  only processes and implements modifications such as adding, deleting, or editing the media content items included in the private collection that are received from the creator&#39;s client device  102 . The private collection can also be a “private story” such that the private collection be made available for a specified time period, that is enforced by the ephemeral timer system  202 . 
     The collection management system  204  furthermore includes a curation interface  212  that allows a collection manager to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface  212  enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system  204  employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain examples, compensation may be paid to a user for the inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the collection management system  204  operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content. 
     The augmentation system  206  provides various functions that enable a user to augment (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) media content associated with a message. For example, the augmentation system  206  provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messages processed by the messaging system  100 . The augmentation system  206  operatively supplies a media overlay or augmentation (e.g., an image filter) to the messaging client  104  based on a geolocation of the client device  102 . In another example, the augmentation system  206  operatively supplies a media overlay to the messaging client  104  based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the client device  102 . A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device  102 . For example, the media overlay may include text or image that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device  102 . In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the augmentation system  206  uses the geolocation of the client device  102  to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device  102 . The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database  120  and accessed through the database server  118 . In one embodiment, the augmentation system  206  generates the invitation media overlays for the private collection of media content items. The invitation overlay can include a text that identifies the private collection of media content items. The invitation overlay can also include an avatar of associated with the user that created the private collection. 
     In some examples, the augmentation system  206  provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The augmentation system  206  generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation. 
     In other examples, the augmentation system  206  provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the augmentation system  206  associates the media overlay of the highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time. 
     The map system  208  provides various geographic location functions and supports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by the messaging client  104 . For example, the map system  208  enables the display of user icons or avatars (e.g., stored in profile data  308 ) on a map to indicate a current or past location of “friends” of a user, as well as media content (e.g., collections of messages including photographs and videos) generated by such friends, within the context of a map. For example, a message posted by a user to the messaging system  100  from a specific geographic location may be displayed within the context of a map at that particular location to “friends” of a specific user on a map interface of the messaging client  104 . A user can furthermore share his or her location and status information (e.g., using an appropriate status avatar) with other users of the messaging system  100  via the messaging client  104 , with this location and status information being similarly displayed within the context of a map interface of the messaging client  104  to selected users. 
     The game system  210  provides various gaming functions within the context of the messaging client  104 . The messaging client  104  provides a game interface providing a list of available games that can be launched by a user within the context of the messaging client  104  and played with other users of the messaging system  100 . The messaging system  100  further enables a particular user to invite other users to participate in the play of a specific game, by issuing invitations to such other users from the messaging client  104 . The messaging client  104  also supports both the voice and text messaging (e.g., chats) within the context of gameplay, provides a leaderboard for the games, and also supports the provision of in-game rewards (e.g., coins and items). 
     Data Architecture 
       FIG.  3    is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures  300 , which may be stored in the database  120  of the messaging server system  108 , according to certain examples. While the content of the database  120  is shown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that the data could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as an object-oriented database). 
     The database  120  includes message data stored within a message table  302 . This message data includes, for any particular one message, at least message sender data, message recipient (or receiver) data, and a payload. Further details regarding information that may be included in a message and included within the message data stored in the message table  302  is described below with reference to  FIG.  4   . 
     An entity table  304  stores entity data, and is linked (e.g., referentially) to an entity graph  306  and profile data  308 . Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table  304  may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, and so forth. Regardless of entity type, any entity regarding which the messaging server system  108  stores data may be a recognized entity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown). 
     The entity graph  306  stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization) interested-based or activity-based, merely for example. 
     The profile data  308  stores multiple types of profile data about a particular entity. The profile data  308  may be selectively used and presented to other users of the messaging system  100 , based on privacy settings specified by a particular entity. Where the entity is an individual, the profile data  308  includes, for example, a username, telephone number, address, settings (e.g., notification and privacy settings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation (or collection of such avatar representations). A particular user may then selectively include one or more of these avatar representations within the content of messages communicated via the messaging system  100 , and on map interfaces displayed by messaging clients  104  to other users. The collection of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” which present a graphical representation of a status or activity that the user may select to communicate at a particular time. 
     Where the entity is a group, the profile data  308  for the group may similarly include one or more avatar representations associated with the group, in addition to the group name, members, and various settings (e.g., notifications) for the relevant group. 
     The database  120  also stores augmentation data, such as overlays or filters, in an augmentation table  310 . The augmentation data is associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table  314 ) and images (for which data is stored in an image table  316 ). 
     Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of various types, including user-selected filters from a set of filters presented to a sending user by the messaging client  104  when the sending user is composing a message. The user-selected filters can include an invitation media overlay that is associated with a private collection of media content items. 
     Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the messaging client  104 , based on geolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit of the client device  102 . 
     Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the messaging client  104 , based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device  102  during the message creation process. Examples of data filters include current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a client device  102 , or the current time. 
     Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table  316  includes augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding to applying lenses or augmented reality experiences). An augmented reality content item may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image or a video. 
     As described above, augmentation data includes augmented reality content items, overlays, image transformations, AR images, and similar terms refer to modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videos or images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an image as it is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras) of a client device  102  and then displayed on a screen of the client device  102  with the modifications. This also includes modifications to stored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified. For example, in a client device  102  with access to multiple augmented reality content items, a user can use a single video clip with multiple augmented reality content items to see how the different augmented reality content items will modify the stored clip. For example, multiple augmented reality content items that apply different pseudorandom movement models can be applied to the same content by selecting different augmented reality content items for the content. Similarly, real-time video capture may be used with an illustrated modification to show how video images currently being captured by sensors of a client device  102  would modify the captured data. Such data may simply be displayed on the screen and not stored in memory, or the content captured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory with or without the modifications (or both). In some systems, a preview feature can show how different augmented reality content items will look within different windows in a display at the same time. This can, for example, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandom animations to be viewed on a display at the same time. 
     Data and various systems using augmented reality content items or other such transform systems to modify content using this data can thus involve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter, and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modification or transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In various embodiments, different methods for achieving such transformations may be used. Some examples may involve generating a three-dimensional mesh model of the object or objects and using transformations and animated textures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. In other examples, tracking of points on an object may be used to place an image or texture (which may be two dimensional or three dimensional) at the tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysis of video frames may be used to place images, models, or textures in content (e.g., images or frames of video). Augmented reality content items thus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to create transformations in content, as well as to additional modeling and analysis information needed to achieve such transformations with object detection, tracking, and placement. 
     Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data (e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of a computerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load video files and save them in a memory of a device or can generate a video stream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can be processed using a computer animation model, such as a human&#39;s face and parts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs, cars, or other objects. 
     In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along with content to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified by the computing device, and then detected and tracked if they are present in the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modified according to the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can be performed by different methods for different kinds of transformation. For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changing forms of object&#39;s elements characteristic points for each element of an object are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or other known methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points is generated for each of the at least one element of the object. This mesh used in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object in the video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh for each element is aligned with a position of each element. Then, additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first points is generated for each element based on a request for modification, and a set of second points is generated for each element based on the set of first points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of the video stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the object on the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. In such method, a background of the modified object can be changed or distorted as well by tracking and modifying the background. 
     In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object using its elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points for each element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculated characteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh, and then various areas based on the points are generated. The elements of the object are then tracked by aligning the area for each element with a position for each of the at least one element, and properties of the areas can be modified based on the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Depending on the specific request for modification properties of the mentioned areas can be transformed in different ways. Such modifications may involve changing color of areas; removing at least some part of areas from the frames of the video stream; including one or more new objects into areas which are based on a request for modification; and modifying or distorting the elements of an area or object. In various embodiments, any combination of such modifications or other similar modifications may be used. For certain models to be animated, some characteristic points can be selected as control points to be used in determining the entire state-space of options for the model animation. 
     In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image data using face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of a specific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an Active Shape Model (ASM) algorithm is applied to the face region of an image to detect facial feature reference points. 
     In other examples, other methods and algorithms suitable for face detection can be used. For example, in some embodiments, features are located using a landmark, which represents a distinguishable point present in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks, for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. If an initial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has an eyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identification procedures may be used for any such objects. In some examples, a set of landmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors using the coordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned to another with a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, and rotation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shape points. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes. 
     In some examples, a search for landmarks from the mean shape aligned to the position and size of the face determined by a global face detector is started. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting a tentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by template matching of the image texture around each point and then conforming the tentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. In some systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shape model pools the results of the weak template matches to form a stronger overall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in an image pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution. 
     A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a client device (e.g., the client device  102 ) and perform complex image manipulations locally on the client device  102  while maintaining a suitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. The complex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotion transfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), state transfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changing gender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any other suitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutional neural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on the client device  102 . 
     In some examples, a computer animation model to transform image data can be used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream of the user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device  102  having a neural network operating as part of a messaging client application  104  operating on the client device  102 . The transformation system operating within the messaging client  104  determines the presence of a face within the image or video stream and provides modification icons associated with a computer animation model to transform image data, or the computer animation model can be present as associated with an interface described herein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis for modifying the user&#39;s face within the image or video stream as part of the modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, the transform system initiates a process to convert the image of the user to reflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face on the user). A modified image or video stream may be presented in a graphical user interface displayed on the client device  102  as soon as the image or video stream is captured, and a specified modification is selected. The transformation system may implement a complex convolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video stream to generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user may capture the image or video stream and be presented with a modified result in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has been selected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the video stream is being captured, and the selected modification icon remains toggled. Machine taught neural networks may be used to enable such modifications. 
     The graphical user interface, presenting the modification performed by the transform system, may supply the user with additional interaction options. Such options may be based on the interface used to initiate the content capture and selection of a particular computer animation model (e.g., initiation from a content creator user interface). In various embodiments, a modification may be persistent after an initial selection of a modification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or off by tapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by the transformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to other areas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified by the transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on or off globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified and displayed within a graphical user interface. In some embodiments, individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, may be individually modified, or such modifications may be individually toggled by tapping or selecting the individual face or a series of individual faces displayed within the graphical user interface. 
     A story table  312  stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user for which a record is maintained in the entity table  304 ). A user may create a “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the messaging client  104  may include an icon that is user-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal story. 
     A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from varies locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common location event at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the messaging client  104 , to contribute content to a particular live story. The live story may be identified to the user by the messaging client  104 , based on his or her location. The end result is a “live story” told from a community perspective. 
     A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,” which enables a user whose client device  102  is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some examples, a contribution to a location story may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus). 
     As mentioned above, the video table  314  stores video data that, in one example, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table  302 . Similarly, the image table  316  stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the entity table  304 . The entity table  304  may associate various augmentations from the augmentation table  310  with various images and videos stored in the image table  316  and the video table  314 . 
     Data Communications Architecture 
       FIG.  4    is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a message  400 , according to some examples, generated by a messaging client  104  for communication to a further messaging client  104  or the messaging server  114 . The content of a particular message  400  is used to populate the message table  302  stored within the database  120 , accessible by the messaging server  114 . Similarly, the content of a message  400  is stored in memory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of the client device  102  or the application servers  112 . A message  400  is shown to include the following example components:
         message identifier  402 : a unique identifier that identifies the message  400 .   message text payload  404 : text, to be generated by a user via a user interface of the client device  102 , and that is included in the message  400 .   message image payload  406 : image data, captured by a camera component of a client device  102  or retrieved from a memory component of a client device  102 , and that is included in the message  400 . Image data for a sent or received message  400  may be stored in the image table  316 .   message video payload  408 : video data, captured by a camera component or retrieved from a memory component of the client device  102 , and that is included in the message  400 . Video data for a sent or received message  400  may be stored in the video table  314 .   message audio payload  410 : audio data, captured by a microphone or retrieved from a memory component of the client device  102 , and that is included in the message  400 .   message augmentation data  412 : augmentation data (e.g., filters, stickers, or other annotations or enhancements) that represents augmentations to be applied to message image payload  406 , message video payload  408 , or message audio payload  410  of the message  400 . Augmentation data for a sent or received message  400  may be stored in the augmentation table  310 .   message duration parameter  414 : parameter value indicating, in seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message (e.g., the message image payload  406 , message video payload  408 , message audio payload  410 ) is to be presented or made accessible to a user via the messaging client  104 .   message geolocation parameter  416 : geolocation data (e.g., latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the content payload of the message. Multiple message geolocation parameter  416  values may be included in the payload, each of these parameter values being associated with respect to content items included in the content (e.g., a specific image into within the message image payload  406 , or a specific video in the message video payload  408 ).   message story identifier  418 : identifier values identifying one or more content collections (e.g., “stories” identified in the story table  312 ) with which a particular content item in the message image payload  406  of the message  400  is associated. For example, multiple images within the message image payload  406  may each be associated with multiple content collections using identifier values.   message tag  420 : each message  400  may be tagged with multiple tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of content included in the message payload. For example, where a particular image included in the message image payload  406  depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included within the message tag  420  that is indicative of the relevant animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user input, or may be automatically generated using, for example, image recognition.   message sender identifier  422 : an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the Client device  102  on which the message  400  was generated and from which the message  400  was sent.   message receiver identifier  424 : an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device  102  to which the message  400  is addressed.       

     The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message  400  may be pointers to locations in tables within which content data values are stored. For example, an image value in the message image payload  406  may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table  316 . Similarly, values within the message video payload  408  may point to data stored within a video table  314 , values stored within the message augmentations  412  may point to data stored in an augmentation table  310 , values stored within the message story identifier  418  may point to data stored in a story table  312 , and values stored within the message sender identifier  422  and the message receiver identifier  424  may point to user records stored within an entity table  304 . 
     Although the described flowcharts can show operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed. A process may correspond to a method, a procedure, an algorithm, etc. The operations of methods may be performed in whole or in part, may be performed in conjunction with some or all of the operations in other methods, and may be performed by any number of different systems, such as the systems described herein, or any portion thereof, such as a processor included in any of the systems. 
     Time-Based Access Limitation Architecture 
       FIG.  5    is a schematic diagram illustrating an access-limiting process  500 , in terms of which access to content (e.g., an ephemeral message  502 , and associated multimedia payload of data) or a content collection (e.g., an ephemeral message group  504 ) may be time-limited (e.g., made ephemeral). 
     An ephemeral message  502  is shown to be associated with a message duration parameter  506 , the value of which determines an amount of time that the ephemeral message  502  will be displayed to a receiving user of the ephemeral message  502  by the messaging client  104 . In one example, an ephemeral message  502  is viewable by a receiving user for up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of time that the sending user specifies using the message duration parameter  506 . 
     The message duration parameter  506  and the message receiver identifier  424  are shown to be inputs to a message timer  512 , which is responsible for determining the amount of time that the ephemeral message  502  is shown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiver identifier  424 . In particular, the ephemeral message  502  will only be shown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by the value of the message duration parameter  506 . The message timer  512  is shown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system  202 , which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content (e.g., an ephemeral message  502 ) to a receiving user. 
     The ephemeral message  502  is shown in  FIG.  5    to be included within an ephemeral message group  504  (e.g., a collection of messages in a personal story, or an event story). The ephemeral message group  504  has an associated group duration parameter  508 , a value of which determines a time duration for which the ephemeral message group  504  is presented and accessible to users of the messaging system  100 . The group duration parameter  508 , for example, may be the duration of a music concert, where the ephemeral message group  504  is a collection of content pertaining to that concert. Alternatively, a user (either the owning user or a curator user) may specify the value for the group duration parameter  508  when performing the setup and creation of the ephemeral message group  504 . 
     Additionally, each ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  has an associated group participation parameter  510 , a value of which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message  502  will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message group  504 . Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message group  504  may “expire” and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral message group  504 , prior to the ephemeral message group  504  itself expiring in terms of the group duration parameter  508 . The group duration parameter  508 , group participation parameter  510 , and message receiver identifier  424  each provide input to a group timer  514 , which operationally determines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message  502  of the ephemeral message group  504  will be displayed to a particular receiving user and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message group  504  is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as a result of the message receiver identifier  424 . 
     Accordingly, the group timer  514  operationally controls the overall lifespan of an associated ephemeral message group  504 , as well as an individual ephemeral message  502  included in the ephemeral message group  504 . In one example, each and every ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  remains viewable and accessible for a time period specified by the group duration parameter  508 . In a further example, a certain ephemeral message  502  may expire, within the context of ephemeral message group  504 , based on a group participation parameter  510 . Note that a message duration parameter  506  may still determine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message  502  is displayed to a receiving user, even within the context of the ephemeral message group  504 . Accordingly, the message duration parameter  506  determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message  502  is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether the receiving user is viewing that ephemeral message  502  inside or outside the context of an ephemeral message group  504 . 
     The ephemeral timer system  202  may furthermore operationally remove a particular ephemeral message  502  from the ephemeral message group  504  based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated group participation parameter  510 . For example, when a sending user has established a group participation parameter  510  of 24 hours from posting, the ephemeral timer system  202  will remove the relevant ephemeral message  502  from the ephemeral message group  504  after the specified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system  202  also operates to remove an ephemeral message group  504  when either the group participation parameter  510  for each and every ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  has expired, or when the ephemeral message group  504  itself has expired in terms of the group duration parameter  508 . 
     In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message group  504  may specify an indefinite group duration parameter  508 . In this case, the expiration of the group participation parameter  510  for the last remaining ephemeral message  502  within the ephemeral message group  504  will determine when the ephemeral message group  504  itself expires. In this case, a new ephemeral message  502 , added to the ephemeral message group  504 , with a new group participation parameter  510 , effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message group  504  to equal the value of the group participation parameter  510 . 
     Responsive to the ephemeral timer system  202  determining that an ephemeral message group  504  has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible), the ephemeral timer system  202  communicates with the messaging system  100  (and, for example, specifically the messaging client  104 ) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevant ephemeral message group  504  to no longer be displayed within a user interface of the messaging client  104 . Similarly, when the ephemeral timer system  202  determines that the message duration parameter  506  for a particular ephemeral message  502  has expired, the ephemeral timer system  202  causes the messaging client  104  to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textual identification) associated with the ephemeral message  502 . 
     Invitation Media Overlay 
     In one embodiment, a first user associated with a first client device  102  can generate a private collection of media content items (e.g., a private story) that is shared with only a select group of users (e.g., close friends). To invite the users to join a group that can view his private story, an invitation media overlay (e.g., private story sticker) can be overlaid on a media content item that is shared as a “story” to the select group of users or as a direct message to each of users in the select group of users. The select group of users (e.g., recipients) can join the private story by selecting the invitation media overlay. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a process  600  of generating invitation media overlays for private collections of media content items in accordance with one embodiment. The operations of process  600  may be performed by any number of different systems, such as the messaging server  114  or the messaging client  104  described herein, or any portion thereof, such as a processor included in any of the systems. 
     At operation  602 , the processor receives a first media content item from a first client device  102  that is associated with a first user. The media content item can be images, pictures, videos, text, or any combination thereof. The first user can capture the media content item using a camera included in the first client device  102 .  FIG.  7    illustrates user interface  700  that can be displayed on the first client device  102 . The media content item  702  as shown in  FIG.  7    is a picture or photograph of a cat. The user interface  700  also includes a sticker menu icon  704 . When the first user selects the sticker menu icon  704 , the user interface  800  in  FIG.  8    is displayed by the first client device  102 . The user interface  800  includes different media overlays that can be applied to augment the media content item  702 . 
     At operation  604 , the processor receives from the first client device  102  a selection of an invitation media overlay to be applied to the first media content item. The invitation media overlay can be associated with a private collection of media content items. In user interface  800  in  FIG.  8   , the invitation media overlay selectable item  802  is a selectable item included in the plurality of media overlays that are available to the first user to apply to the media content item  702 . In this embodiment, when the first user selects the invitation media overlay selectable item  802 , the processor receives from the first client device  102  the selection of the invitation media overlay. The invitation media overlay selectable item  802  is associated with an invitation media overlay that invites a recipient user to a join a collection of media content items (e.g., a story). The collection can be a private collection such that only the first user who is the creator of the private collection can edit the private collection. 
     In one embodiment, the processor can cause a privacy selectable item to be displayed by the first client device  102 . The processor can also cause a text input item to be displayed by the first client device  102 . As shown in  FIG.  9   , in response to the selection of the invitation media overlay selectable item  802 , a user interface  900  can be displayed by the first client device  102 . The user interface  900  can include a text input item  902 , a privacy selectable item  904 , and a shared selectable item  906 . 
     When the first user selects the privacy selectable item  904 , the processor receives a selection of the privacy selectable item  904  from the first client device  102 . In response to receiving the selection of the privacy selectable item  904  from the first client device  102 , the processor establishes that the private collection of media content items can only be modified by the first client device  102 . 
     When the first user selects the shared selectable item  906 , the processor receives the selection of the shared selectable item  906  from the first client device  102  and establishes that the collection of media content items is a shared collection of media content items. The shared collection of media content items can be modified other users such as the selected users in the group. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , the privacy selectable item  904 , and the shared selectable item  906  can be radio buttons that can be selected. In other embodiments, the privacy selectable item  904 , and the shared selectable item  906  can be selectable items such as text, links, icons, images, etc. 
     The processor can also receive a text from the first client device  102  via the text input item  902  in user interface  900 . As shown in  FIG.  10   , the user interface  1000  that can be displayed by the first client device  102  illustrates that the first user has input the text “Justines Cat” in text input item  902 . The text can be the title associated with the private collection of media content items. 
     At operation  606 , the processor generates a modified first media content item by overlaying the invitation media overlay on the first media content item. 
     In  FIG.  11   , the user interface  1100  that can be displayed by the first client device  102  is shown. Once the text “Justines Cat” is input by the first user in text input item  902  and the privacy selectable item  904  is selected, the user interface  1100  is caused to be displayed by the first client device  102  which includes the modified media content item  1102 . As shown in  FIG.  11   , the modified media content item  1102  includes the invitation media overlay  1104  that is overlaid on the media content item  702 . The invitation media overlay  1104  can include the text that is input in the text input item  902  (e.g., “Justines Cat”). In one embodiment, the invitation media overlay  1104  can also comprise an icon that includes an avatar of the creator of the private collection (e.g., the first user). To indicate that the story or collection is a private collection, the icon can also include an image of a lock as shown in invitation media overlay  1104 . 
     At operation  608 , the processor generates the private collection of media content items. The private collection of media content items comprises the modified first media content item (e.g., modified media content item  1102 ). In one embodiment, the private collection of media content items includes a plurality of media content items received from the first client device  102 . In one embodiment, the processor receives a second media content item from the first client device  102 . 
     At operation  610 , the processor receives from the first client device  102  a selection of a second user associated with a second client device  102 . The second user is selected by the first user to be included in the select group of users (e.g., private group) that can view the private collection. The private group can include one or more users associated with one or more client devices  102 . 
     At operation  612 , the processor causes the modified first media content item to be displayed by the second client device  102 . 
     In one embodiment, the second client device  102  can receive the modified first modified media content item  1102  as a story or collection. For example, the processor can cause the second client device  102  to display a story icon associated with this modified media content item  1102  from the first user. The first user&#39;s private collection&#39;s story icon can be included in a plurality of story icons associated with a plurality of users that are connected to the second user (e.g., second user&#39;s connections or friends) on the messaging system  100 . In this embodiment, the modified media content item  1102  from the first user is broadcast to the users in the private group as a story that is available for a limited amount of time. When the second user selects the first user&#39;s private collection&#39;s story icon, the user interface  1400  in  FIG.  14    can be displayed by the second client device  102 . The user interface  1400  includes the modified media content item  1102  with the invitation media overlay  1104 . The user interface  1400  also includes the invitation response selectable item  1402 . The second user can select either the invitation media overlay  1104  or the invitation response selectable item  1402  to join the private story or collection (e.g., “Justines Cat”). In other words, the second user can join the private group that has access to view this private collection of media content items. 
     When the second user selects the invitation media overlay  1104 , at operation  614 , the processor receives a selection of the invitation media overlay from the second client device  102 . In one embodiment, when the second user selects the invitation response selectable item  1402 , the processor causes the user interface  1500  to be displayed on the second client device  102  as shown in  FIG.  15   . The user interface  1500  includes the invitation details display  1502  that can be a pop-up or scroll up notification that is overlaid on the user interface  1400 . The invitation details display  1502  can include the information included in the invitation media overlay  1104  such as the text (e.g., “Justines Cat”) and the icon with the first user&#39;s avatar. The invitation details display  1502  can also include text that invites the second user to join the story or collection. For example, the text can indicate that the first user invites the second user to view the private collection of media content items (e.g., “Justine invited you to see her private story!”). The invitation details display  1502  also includes an invitation details response selectable item  1504 . The second user can select the invitation details response selectable item  1504  to respond to the invitation to join the private story. In one embodiment, the processor can also receive the selection of the invitation media overlay from the second client device  102  in operation  614  when the second user selects the invitation details response selectable item  1504 . 
     In another embodiment, the second client device  102  can receive the modified first modified media content item  1102  as a direct message from the first client device  102 . When the modified media content item  1102  is received as a direct message, the user interface  1600  in  FIG.  16    can be displayed by the second client device  102 . The user interface  1600  comprises the message notifications that correspond to messages received from the first user (e.g., Justine). The message notifications include the direct message notification  1602  and direct message invitation selectable item  1604 . When the second user selects the direct message notification  1602 , the user interface  1400  including the modified media content item  1102  can be displayed by the second client device  102 . Alternatively, when the second user selects the direct message invitation selectable item  1604 , the user interface  1700  can be displayed on the second client device  102 . The user interface  1700  includes the invitation details display  1502  that is overlaid on the user interface  1600 . The invitation details display  1502  in user interface  1700  can also include the invitation details response selectable item  1504 . 
     At operation  616 , the processor causes the private collection of media content items to be displayed by the second client device  102 . In one embodiment, the private collection is broadcast to the users in the private group as a story that is available for a limited amount of time. In one embodiment, the second client device  102  can receive a story notification associated with the private collection. The story notification indicates to the second user that the private collection includes media content items that has not yet been viewed by the second user. 
     When the first user adds a second media content item to the private collection, the processor can receive the second media content item from the first client device  102  and update the private collection of media content items to comprise the second media content item. The processor can also cause the updated private collection of media content items to be displayed by the second client device  102 . 
       FIG.  7    illustrates the user interface  700  displayed on a client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. The user interface  700  can be displayed on the first client device  102  that is creating a media content item for the private collection. The media content item  702  can be an image, a photograph, an audio recording, a video, a text, or any combination thereof. The media content item  702  can be captured by the first client device  102  using a camera included in the first client device  102  or coupled to the first client device  102 . The user interface  700  includes the media content item  702  and a plurality of icons that are used to augment the media content item  702  with text, audio, edits, drawings, animations, stickers, special effects, etc. The sticker menu icon  704  is one of the plurality of icons in the user interface  700 . The sticker menu icon  704  is used to activate the sticker menu user interface  800 . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates the user interface  800  displayed on a client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. The user interface  800  can be displayed on the first client device  102  that is creating a media content item for the private collection. The user interface  800  includes different media overlays that can be applied to augment the media content item  702 . The media overlays can include a plurality of images (e.g., stickers) that can be static or animated (e.g., images of cat, bear, snail, turtle, etc.). The media overlays can also include the invitation media overlay selectable item  802 . The invitation media overlay selectable item  802  is associated with a sticker that invites a recipient user to join a collection of media content items. In one embodiment, the sticker is a private story sticker that invites the recipient to join a private collection of media content items. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates the user interface  900  displayed on the first client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. User interface  900  includes the text input item  902 , the privacy selectable item  904 , and the shared selectable item  906 . The text input item  902  can receive a text that is input by the first user that is the title of the private collection or story. The text can also be included in the private story sticker (e.g., invitation media overlay  1104 ) being generated. 
     The first user has the alternative to select the privacy selectable item  904  or the shared selectable item  906 . Selecting the privacy selectable item  904  causes the story to be a private collection such that only the first user has the permission to modify the private collection and the contents of the private collection. Selecting the shared selectable item  906  causes the story to be a shared collection such that the users in the private group are able to modify the shared collection and the contents of the shared collection. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates the user interface  1000  displayed on the first client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. The user interface  1000  illustrates the first user inputting the title of the private collection in the text input item  902  (e.g., “Justines Cat”), which is also the text in the invitation media overlay  1104 . 
       FIG.  11    illustrates the user interface  1100  displayed on the first client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. Once the text is inputted in text input item  902  in user interface  900  and the privacy selectable item  904  is selected to generate the invitation media overlay  1104 , the user interface  1100  is caused to be displayed on the first client device  102 . The user interface  1100  comprises the modified media content item  1102  that includes the invitation media overlay  1104  overlaid on the media content item  702 . 
       FIG.  12    illustrates the user interface  1200  displayed on the first client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. 
     User interface  1200  illustrates when the first user is generating a media content item that is to be added to an existing private collection. When the first user input a portion of text in text input item  902  (e.g., “sna”), a plurality of collection selectable items  1202  that have titles that include that portion of text are displayed in user interface  1200  (e.g., “Snack”, “Snap Doggies”, etc.). 
     In another example, if the first user input a portion of text “Justine”, a collection selectable item associated with the private collection (e.g., “Justines Cat”) can appear in the plurality of collection selectable items  1202  in user interface  1200 . In this example, the first user can add an additional media content item to the private collection “Justines Cat” by selecting the collection selectable item associated with the private collection (e.g., “Justines Cat”). 
       FIG.  13    illustrates the user interface  1300  displayed on the first client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. 
     In user interface  1200 , when the first user selects the collection selectable item “Snack” in the collection selectable items  1202  and activates the privacy selectable item  904 , the user interface  1300  in  FIG.  13    is caused to be displayed. The user interface  1300  comprises the modified media content item  1302  that includes the invitation media overlay  1304  overlaid on the media content item  702 . The invitation media overlay  1304  includes the text “Snack” and is associated with the private collection titled “Snack”. 
       FIG.  14    illustrates the user interface  1400  displayed on the second client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. 
     The user interface  1400  is displayed to the second user when the second user receives the modified media content item  1102  as a story. The modified media content item  1102  is received as a story when the first client device  102  broadcasts the modified media content item  1102  to the private group and the story is associated with a story icon on each user in the private group&#39;s client device  102 . 
     The user interface  1400  can also be displayed by the second client device  102  when the second user activates a direct message notification  1602  in  FIG.  16    associated with the modified media content item  1102 . 
     The user interface  1400  includes the modified media content item  1102  with the invitation media overlay  1104  and invitation response selectable item  1402 . The second user can activate the invitation media overlay  1104  or the invitation response selectable item  1402  to join the private group and gain viewing privileges to the private collection. 
     When the second user activates the invitation response selectable item  1402 , the user interface  1500  in  FIG.  15    is caused to be displayed by the second client device  102  in accordance to one embodiment. 
     The user interface  1500  comprises invitation details display  1502  which can be a pop-up or scroll-up notification that is overlaid on the user interface  1400 . The invitation details display  1502  can include the information included in the invitation media overlay  1104  such as the text (e.g., “Justines Cat”) and the icon with the first user&#39;s avatar. The invitation details display  1502  can also include text that invites the second user to join the story or collection. For example, the text can indicate that the first user invites the second user to view the private collection of media content items (e.g., “Justine invited you to see her private story!”). The invitation details display  1502  also includes an invitation details response selectable item  1504 . The second user can select the invitation details response selectable item  1504  to respond to the invitation to join the private story. 
       FIG.  16    illustrates the user interface  1600  displayed on the second client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. When the first user sends the first modified media content item  1102  to the second user as a direct message, the user interface  1600  is caused to be displayed by the second client device  102 . The user interface  1600  comprises direct message notification  1602  that is associated with the modified media content item  1102 . Activation of the direct message notification  1602  causes the modified media content item  1102  to be displayed by the second client device  102 . In one embodiment, the selection or activation of the direct message notification  1602  can cause the user interface  1400  including the modified media content item  1102  to be displayed. 
     The user interface  1600  also comprises the direct message invitation selectable item  1604  that is associated with the private collection. The direct message invitation selectable item  1604  can include an icon with the first user&#39;s avatar and a text inviting the second user to join the private collection. 
     When the direct message invitation selectable item  1604  is activated by the second user, the user interface  1700  in  FIG.  17    can be displayed by the second client device  102  in accordance with one embodiment. 
     The user interface  1700  comprises the invitation details display  1502  which can be a pop-up or scroll-up notification that is overlaid on the user interface  1600 . The invitation details display  1502  can include the information included in the invitation media overlay  1104  such as the text (e.g., “Justines Cat”) and the icon with the first user&#39;s avatar. The invitation details display  1502  can also include text that invites the second user to join the story or collection. For example, the text can indicate that the first user invites the second user to view the private collection of media content items (e.g., “Justine invited you to see her private story!”). The invitation details display  1502  also includes an invitation details response selectable item  1504 . The second user can select the invitation details response selectable item  1504  to respond to the invitation to join the private story. 
     Machine Architecture 
       FIG.  18    is a diagrammatic representation of the machine  1800  within which instructions  1808  (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine  1800  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. For example, the instructions  1808  may cause the machine  1800  to execute any one or more of the methods described herein. The instructions  1808  transform the general, non-programmed machine  1800  into a particular machine  1800  programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. The machine  1800  may operate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine  1800  may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine  1800  may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions  1808 , sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine  1800 . Further, while only a single machine  1800  is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointly execute the instructions  1808  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The machine  1800 , for example, may comprise the client device  102  or any one of a number of server devices forming part of the messaging server system  108 . In some examples, the machine  1800  may also comprise both client and server systems, with certain operations of a particular method or algorithm being performed on the server-side and with certain operations of the particular method or algorithm being performed on the client-side. 
     The machine  1800  may include processors  1802 , memory  1804 , and input/output I/O components  638 , which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus  1840 . In an example, the processors  1802  (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor  1806  and a processor  1810  that execute the instructions  1808 . The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although  FIG.  18    shows multiple processors  1802 , the machine  1800  may include a single processor with a single-core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof. 
     The memory  1804  includes a main memory  1812 , a static memory  1814 , and a storage unit  1816 , both accessible to the processors  1802  via the bus  1840 . The main memory  1804 , the static memory  1814 , and storage unit  1816  store the instructions  1808  embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions  1808  may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory  1812 , within the static memory  1814 , within machine-readable medium  1818  within the storage unit  1816 , within at least one of the processors  1802  (e.g., within the Processor&#39;s cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine  1800 . 
     The I/O components  1838  may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components  1838  that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components  1838  may include many other components that are not shown in  FIG.  18   . In various examples, the I/O components  1838  may include user output components  1824  and user input components  1826 . The user output components  1824  may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The user input components  1826  may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like. 
     In further examples, the I/O components  1838  may include biometric components  1828 , motion components  1830 , environmental components  1832 , or position components  1834 , among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components  1828  include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components  1830  include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope). 
     The environmental components  1832  include, for example, one or cameras (with still image/photograph and video capabilities), illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. 
     With respect to cameras, the client device  102  may have a camera system comprising, for example, front cameras on a front surface of the client device  102  and rear cameras on a rear surface of the client device  102 . The front cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and video of a user of the client device  102  (e.g., “selfies”), which may then be augmented with augmentation data (e.g., filters) described above. The rear cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and videos in a more traditional camera mode, with these images similarly being augmented with augmentation data. In addition to front and rear cameras, the client device  102  may also include a 360° camera for capturing 360° photographs and videos. 
     Further, the camera system of a client device  102  may include dual rear cameras (e.g., a primary camera as well as a depth-sensing camera), or even triple, quad or penta rear camera configurations on the front and rear sides of the client device  102 . These multiple cameras systems may include a wide camera, an ultra-wide camera, a telephoto camera, a macro camera and a depth sensor, for example. 
     The position components  1834  include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like. 
     Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components  1838  further include communication components  1836  operable to couple the machine  1800  to a network  1820  or devices  1822  via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communication components  1836  may include a network interface Component or another suitable device to interface with the network  1820 . In further examples, the communication components  1836  may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices  1822  may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB). 
     Moreover, the communication components  1836  may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components  1836  may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components  1836 , such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth. 
     The various memories (e.g., main memory  1812 , static memory  1814 , and memory of the processors  1802 ) and storage unit  1816  may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions  1808 ), when executed by processors  1802 , cause various operations to implement the disclosed examples. 
     The instructions  1808  may be transmitted or received over the network  1820 , using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components  1836 ) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions  1808  may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via a coupling (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices  1822 . 
     Software Architecture 
       FIG.  19    is a block diagram  1900  illustrating a software architecture  1904 , which can be installed on any one or more of the devices described herein. The software architecture  1904  is supported by hardware such as a machine  1902  that includes processors  1920 , memory  1926 , and I/O components  1938 . In this example, the software architecture  1904  can be conceptualized as a stack of layers, where each layer provides a particular functionality. The software architecture  1904  includes layers such as an operating system  1912 , libraries  1910 , frameworks  1908 , and applications  1906 . Operationally, the applications  1906  invoke API calls  1950  through the software stack and receive messages  1952  in response to the API calls  1950 . 
     The operating system  1912  manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system  1912  includes, for example, a kernel  1914 , services  1916 , and drivers  1922 . The kernel  1914  acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel  1914  provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionality. The services  1916  can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers  1922  are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers  1922  can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth. 
     The libraries  1910  provide a common low-level infrastructure used by the applications  1906 . The libraries  1910  can include system libraries  1918  (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries  1910  can include API libraries  1924  such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries  1910  can also include a wide variety of other libraries  1928  to provide many other APIs to the applications  1906 . 
     The frameworks  1908  provide a common high-level infrastructure that is used by the applications  1906 . For example, the frameworks  1908  provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks  1908  can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications  1906 , some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform. 
     In an example, the applications  1906  may include a home application  1936 , a contacts application  1930 , a browser application  1932 , a book reader application  1934 , a location application  1942 , a media application  1944 , a messaging application  1946 , a game application  1948 , and a broad assortment of other applications such as a third-party application  1940 . The applications  1906  are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications  1906 , structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the third-party application  1940  (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the third-party application  1940  can invoke the API calls  1950  provided by the operating system  1912  to facilitate functionality described herein. 
     Processing Components 
     Turning now to  FIG.  20   , there is shown a diagrammatic representation of a processing environment  2000 , which includes a processor  2002 , a processor  2006 , and a processor  2008  (e.g., a GPU, CPU or combination thereof). 
     The processor  2002  is shown to be coupled to a power source  2004 , and to include (either permanently configured or temporarily instantiated) modules, namely a collection management component  2010 , an augmentation component  2012 , and an ephemeral timer component  2014 . The Collection management component  2010  operationally generates and manages the private collection of media content items, the augmentation component  2012  operationally generates the invitation media overlays, and the ephemeral timer component  2014  operationally manages the access time associated with each of the media content items in the private collection. As illustrated, the processor  2002  is communicatively coupled to both the processor  2006  and the processor  2008 . 
     Glossary 
     “Carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device. 
     “Client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network. 
     “Communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1xRTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology. 
     “Component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In embodiments in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors  1004  or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations. 
     “Computer-readable storage medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. 
     “Ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory. 
     “Machine storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines and data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.” 
     “Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to a tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine. 
     “Signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.