Patent Publication Number: US-10310412-B2

Title: Developing apparatus, cartridge, and image forming apparatus for suppressing developer leakage of a frame

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present disclosure relates to a developing apparatus and a cartridge that are used in an image forming apparatus, such as an electrophotographic printer or an electrophotographic copying machine, that forms an image on a recording material, and to an image forming apparatus. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Typically, a developing apparatus (or a cartridge, or an image forming apparatus) includes a developing roller, a developing blade, and a frame (a developer case) that rotatably supports the developing roller at edge portions thereof in a longitudinal direction. Furthermore, an edge portion seal that prevents developer from leaking from an edge portion of the frame (the developer case) is provided between the edge portions of the developing roller and the edge portion of the frame. 
     Specifically, while the edge portion seal is disposed between the edge portions of the developing roller and the edge portion of the frame that oppose each other, portions of edge portions of the developing blade are further disposed so as to enter between the edge portion seal and the developing roller. In other words, while a surface of the edge portion seal on a first side abuts against the frame, a surface on a second side includes areas that abut against the edge portions of the developing roller, and areas that abut against the edge portions of the developing blade. For example, in a developing apparatus described in a patent literature, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-185772, a configuration is disclosed in which a portion of an edge portion of a developing blade is disposed between an edge portion seal and a developing roller. 
     However, in the configuration of the developing apparatus in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-185772, in a case in which a carrying layer that is capable of carrying the developer to the edge portion is not formed in the longitudinal direction of the developing roller, there are cases in which, compared with the center portion, the charge amount of the developer at the edge portion is different or the charge amount is insufficient. In such a case, the charge amount of the developer at the edge portion is not optimized and there is a concern of a deficiency called an “edge portion fogging” occurring in the image edge portion. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure has been made in view of the abovementioned and provides a developing apparatus, a cartridge, and an image forming apparatus that, while effectively suppressing leakage of the developer from the edge portion of the frame that stores the developer, are capable of reducing occurrence of deficiency in the image edge portion. 
     A developing apparatus according to a first aspect of the present disclosure includes a developer carrying member that includes a carrying portion that carries developer, a developing frame that stores the developer carried by the developer carrying member, the developing frame rotatably supporting the developer carrying member at an edge portion of the developer carrying member in a longitudinal direction, a restricting member disposed in the longitudinal direction, the restricting member restricting a thickness of the developer carried on the carrying portion, and an edge portion sealing member disposed between the edge portion of the developer carrying member and an edge portion of the developing frame that supports the edge portion of the developer carrying member, the edge portion sealing member restricting leakage of the developer in the edge portion of the developing frame. In the developing apparatus, in the longitudinal direction, an edge portion of the carrying portion is disposed so as to be positioned outside an inner edge portion of the edge portion sealing member, and inside an outer edge portion of the edge portion sealing member, and an edge portion of the restricting member is disposed so as to be positioned outside the edge portion of the carrying portion, and inside the outer edge portion of the edge portion sealing member. 
     Furthermore, a cartridge according to a second aspect of the present disclosure includes an image carrying member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, and the developing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure in which the cartridge develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrying member. 
     Furthermore, an image forming apparatus according to a third aspect of the present disclosure includes an image carrying member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, and the developing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure in which the cartridge develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrying member. 
     Further features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an edge portion of a developing unit of an image forming apparatus according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the image forming apparatus according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 3A to 3C  are schematic cross-sectional views of the developing unit of the image forming apparatus according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 4A to 4D  are schematic diagrams illustrating configurations of edge portions of reference examples for describing effects of the first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an edge portion of a developing unit of an image forming apparatus according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view schematically illustrating the developing unit of the image forming apparatus according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     The present disclosure can also be implemented in the form of a developing apparatus, a cartridge, or an image forming apparatus. 
     Hereinafter, image forming apparatuses according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the exemplary embodiments described hereinafter illustrate the present disclosure in an exemplified manner, and the dimensions, the materials, the shapes, and the relative positions described hereinafter do not limit the scope of the present disclosure unless particularly described in a specific manner. 
     First Exemplary Embodiment 
     In an image forming apparatus (also referred to as an electrophotographic image forming apparatus) of a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an image is recorded (formed) on a recording medium mainly through an electrophotographic process described below. 
     In other words, the image forming apparatus uniformly charges an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter, referred to as a “photosensitive member”) serving as an image carrying member capable of forming an electrostatic latent image thereon. Subsequently, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive member by selectively exposing the charged photosensitive member. Subsequently, the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member is visualized as a toner image with toner serving as the developer. Furthermore, the toner image formed on the photosensitive member is transferred onto a recording material, such as a recording sheet or a plastic sheet. Moreover, the toner image is fixed to the recording material by applying heat and pressure to the toner image that has been transferred on the recording material. 
     Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment, a photosensitive drum, a charging member, a developing member, a cleaning member, and other members can be integrated inside a frame so as to form a cartridge. Note that the cartridge (for example, a process cartridge) formed into a cartridge is detachable from an apparatus main body of the image forming apparatus. 
     Furthermore, the cartridge may include, for example, at least either one of a cleaning unit including a photosensitive drum, a developing unit (a developing apparatus) including a developing member, and a toner unit that supplies developer. For example, the developing member may be configured as a cartridge (a developing cartridge) that is detachable from the apparatus main body of the image forming apparatus. 
     Overall Configuration of Electrophotographic Image Forming Apparatus 
     Referring first to  FIG. 2 , an overall configuration of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus (the image forming apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described.  FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional schematic view of the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment mainly includes an apparatus main body A, and a process cartridge B (hereinafter, may be referred merely as a cartridge B) detachable from the apparatus main body A. Note that the apparatus main body A of the present exemplary embodiment includes all of the components in  FIG. 2  except for the components inside the broken line (the components of the cartridge B). 
     Specifically, an exposing device  3  (a laser scanner unit) that forms an electro latent image on an electrophotographic photosensitive drum  62  (hereinafter, referred to as a drum  62 ) of the cartridge B is disposed in the apparatus main body A. Furthermore, a sheet tray (not shown) that stores recording materials (hereinafter, referred to as sheet members P) such as a recording medium is disposed in the apparatus main body A at a portion below the cartridge B. 
     Furthermore, a transfer roller  7 , a fixing device  9 , a discharge tray  11 , and the like are, along a conveyance direction D of the sheet member P, sequentially disposed in the apparatus main body A on a conveyance path. 
     Image Forming Process 
     An image forming process of the present exemplary embodiment will be described next. 
     In the present exemplary embodiment, the image forming process is started by an image formation start signal. In other words, the drum  62  is rotationally driven at a predetermined circumferential velocity (a processing speed) in a rotation direction R on the basis of the image formation start signal. Furthermore, a charge roller  66 , to which a bias voltage is applied, evenly and uniformly charges an outer peripheral surface of the drum  62  by coming in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the drum  62 . 
     Subsequently, the exposing device  3  outputs a laser beam L according to image information. In other words, the laser beam L passing through a laser opening provided in a cleaning frame  71  of the cartridge B performs scanning exposure on the outer peripheral surface of the drum  62 . With the above, an electrostatic latent image according to the image information is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the drum  62 . 
     Meanwhile, in a developing unit  20  serving as a developing apparatus, toner T inside a toner chamber  29  serving as a developer storing chamber is mixed and conveyed by rotation of a conveying member  43  and is sent out to a toner supply chamber  28  serving as a developing chamber. 
     Note that the toner T is attracted and carried on a surface of a developing roller  32  (a developer carrying member) with magnetic force of a magnet roller  34  (a stationary magnet). Furthermore, while the toner T is triboelectrically charged, the thickness of the toner T on the peripheral surface of the developing roller  32  is restricted with a developing blade  42 . Note that the toner T is adhered to the surface of the drum  62  according to the electrostatic latent image and is made into a visible image (developed) as a toner image. 
     Matched with an output timing of the laser beam L, the sheet member P stored in the lower portion of the apparatus main body A is sent out from the sheet tray. Note that the sheet member P is conveyed to a transfer position where the drum  62  and the transfer roller  7  oppose each other. 
     The toner image is transferred from the drum  62  to the sheet member P at the transfer position. The sheet member P on which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the drum  62  and is conveyed to the fixing device  9 . Subsequently, by passing the sheet member P through a nip portion between a heating roller and a pressing roller constituting the fixing device  9 , compression and heating is performed on the sheet member P at the nip portion to fix the toner image to the sheet member P. Lastly, the sheet member P that has undergone a toner image fixing process is discharged on the discharge tray. 
     Note that the drum  62  that has performed transferring is used in the next image forming process after the residual toner on the outer peripheral surface thereof is removed with a cleaning member (a blade)  77 . Meanwhile, the toner that has been removed from the photosensitive drum  62  is stored in a waste toner chamber  71   b  of a cleaning unit  60 . Note that in the present exemplary embodiment, a scooping sheet  65  that prevents the toner from leaking from the waste toner chamber  71   b  is provided in the frame of the cleaning unit  60 . 
     As described above, process members, such as the charge roller  66 , the developing roller  32 , the transfer roller  7 , and the cleaning member  77  that at least act on the drum  62 , are provided in the process cartridge B of the present exemplary embodiment. 
     Configuration of Process Cartridge 
     Hereinafter, a configuration of the cartridge B of the present exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     In the present exemplary embodiment, the cartridge B mainly includes the cleaning unit  60  and the developing unit  20 . Note that the cartridge B includes the electrophotographic photosensitive member (the drum  62 ) and the members, such as the charging member (the charge roller  66 ), the developing member (the developing unit  20 ), and the cleaning member (the cleaning member  77 ), serving as process members that act on the electrophotographic photosensitive member that are formed into a cartridge in an integrated manner. Furthermore, the cartridge B is detachable from the apparatus main body of the image forming apparatus. 
     Note that not limited to the above, the process cartridge B may be a member that is formed into a cartridge with at least one of the charging member, the developing member, and the cleaning member described above, for example. 
     Cleaning Unit 
     In the present exemplary embodiment, the process cartridge B includes the cleaning unit  60 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the cleaning unit  60  includes the drum  62 , the charge roller  66 , the cleaning member  77 , the cleaning frame  71  that supports the above members. Furthermore, in the cleaning unit  60 , the charge roller  66  and the cleaning member  77  are disposed so as to be in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the drum  62 . Note that the cleaning member  77  includes a rubber blade  77   a  formed of a blade-shaped elastic member, and a supporting member  77   b  that supports the rubber blade  77   a.    
     The rubber blade  77   a  is disposed in a direction countering the rotation direction of the drum  62  and abut against the surface of the drum  62 . In other words, a leading edge portion of the rubber blade  77   a , which is a free end of the rubber blade  77   a  opposite to the side supported by the supporting member  77   b , is abutted against the drum  62  while being oriented towards the upstream side in the rotation direction of the drum  62 . Meanwhile, the drum  62  is rotationally driven in the rotation direction R illustrated in  FIG. 2  in accordance with an image forming operation by receiving driving force from a main body drive motor (not shown) serving as a drive source. 
     The charge roller  66  is rotatably attached to the cleaning unit  60 . Furthermore, the charge roller  66  is in pressure contact with the drum  62  by having pressure applied thereto towards the drum  62  and is rotated so as to follow the rotation of the drum  62 . 
     Developing Unit 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , in the present exemplary embodiment, the developing unit  20  mainly includes the developing roller  32 , a developer case  23  that supports the developing roller  32  and that stores toner (developer) T therein, and the developing blade  42  that restricts the developer on the developer carrying member. 
     Note that the developing roller  32  of the present exemplary embodiment constitutes the “developer carrying member” of the present disclosure, the developer case  23  constitutes a “developing frame”, and the developing blade  42  constitutes a “restricting member”. 
     Specifically, the developing roller  32  includes a cylindrical-shaped base  32   a  (see  FIG. 1 ), and a developer carrying layer  32   b  (a carrying portion, see  FIG. 1 ) provided on an outer surface of the base  32   a . Furthermore, the magnet roller  34  is inserted and provided inside the base  32   a . Furthermore, in the developing unit  20 , the developing blade  42  that restricts the layer thickness of the toner carried on the front surface (the carrying layer  32   b ) of the developing roller  32  is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the developing roller. Note that the developing roller  32  is fitted in an opening  231  of the developer case  23 . 
     Furthermore, gap maintaining members (not shown) are attached to two edge portions  32   a   1  (see  FIG. 1 ) of the developing roller  32  in the longitudinal direction of the developing roller  32  (the base  32   a ). By abutting the gap maintaining members against the drum  62 , the developing roller  32  is held so as to form a predetermined minute gap with the drum  62 . 
     The developing roller  32  is rotatably supported by the developer case  23  (the developing frame) at the two edge portions  32   a   1  in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, as described later, sealing members  45  (edge portion sealing members corresponding to each of the two edge portions  32   a   1 ) are disposed so as to be interposed between the edge portions  32   a   1  of the developing roller  32  (the base  32   a ) and edge portions (not shown) of the developer case  23 . Leakage of the developer at the edge portions of the developer case  23  (the developing frame) is restricted with the sealing members  45 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a bleeding out prevention sheet  33  that prevents the toner from bleeding out from the opening  231  of the developing unit  20  is provided. Note that the bleeding out prevention sheet  33  is provided so as to abut against the developing roller  32 . 
     Furthermore, the conveying member  43  is provided in the toner chamber  29  of the developer case  23 . The toner stored in the toner chamber  29  is mixed and is conveyed to the toner supply chamber  28  (the developing chamber) by the conveying member  43 . 
     In the present exemplary embodiment, the developing roller  32  is reliably pressed against the drum  62  by biasing the developing unit  20  with urging force of an urging member (not shown), such as a spring, so that the developing unit  20  approaches the cleaning unit  60 . Furthermore, the developing roller  32  is held so as to form a predetermined space with the drum with the gap maintaining members attached to the two edge portions of the developing roller  32 . 
     Note that in a known and typical configuration, in order to obtain seal characteristics of the edge portion of the frame, the contact pressure of an edge portion seal against the developing roller needs to be increased (pressing the developing roller towards the edge portion seal is required). In such a case, due to the pressing, the developing blade may be deformed (stretched) along the peripheral surface of the developing roller in areas where the edge portion seal and the edge portions of the developing blade abut against each other. 
     Accordingly, in the known and typical configuration, in an axial direction of the developing roller, portions of the developing blade that are near the edge portions and that are inside the edge portion seal become easily lifted away from the surface of the developing roller. As the developer enters the gap increased by such lifting away of the developing blade, a problem such as the developer easily leaking out to the outside at the edge portion of the frame may occur. 
     To address such a problem in the known and typical configuration, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-185772 proposes a configuration in which cutouts are provided in the edge portions of the developing blade against which the edge portion seal abuts. According to such a configuration, the lifting up of the edge portions of the developing blade due to the deformation (stretching) of the developing blade can be reduced. 
     However, in the configuration of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-185772, since the length of the developing blade in a short direction in the areas near the edge portions are short due to the cutouts in the edge portions of the developing blade, the action of dragging the developer into the nip between the developing blade and the developing roller may become poor. 
     Accordingly, the triboelectrically charging effect in the nip between the developing blade and the developing roller may decrease, and the possibility of the charge amount of the developer in the edge portions being insufficient compared with the center portion may become further higher. In such a case, the charge amount of the developer in the edge portions is not easily optimized, and it is considered that a deficiency in the edge portion of the image, such as “edge portion fogging”, occurs easily. 
     A configuration of the edge portion seal of the present exemplary embodiment described later is capable or overcoming such a problem as well. 
     Configuration of Edge Portion Seal 
     Referring hereinafter to  FIG. 1 , a configuration of the edge portion seal according to the present exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Particularly, a positional relationship between the sealing members  45  (the edge portion sealing members), the developing blade  42  (the restricting member), and the carrying layer  32   b  of the developing roller  32  (the developing carrying member) will be described. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the edge portion of the developing unit of the image forming apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment. Specifically,  FIG. 1  illustrates the edge portion of the developing unit  20  (see  FIG. 2 ) in the longitudinal direction (in a rotational axis direction) in a state in which the developing roller  32  is parallelly moved after being dismounted from the developer case  23 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the developing blade  42  (the restricting member) of the present exemplary embodiment includes a supporting member  42   a , and an elastic member  42   b  that is attached to the supporting member and that functions as a restricting portion of the developer. The elastic member  42   b  abutting against the carrying layer  32   b  of the developing roller  32  restricts the thickness of the developer carried on the carrying layer  32   b.    
     Specifically, in the present exemplary embodiment, the elastic member  42   b  includes a fixed end  42   b   2  that is an end in the short direction (a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction) fixed to the supporting member  42   a , and a free end  42   b   3  that is an edge portion on the opposite side with respect to the fixed end. The supporting member  42   a  is fixed to the developer case  23 . 
     Note that in the present exemplary embodiment, the fixed end  42   b   2  of the elastic member  42   b  that constitutes the developing blade  42  (the restricting member) is fixed to the developer case  23  with the supporting member  42   a  in between; however, the fixed end  42   b   2  may be directly fixed to the developer case  23  without the supporting member  42   a  in between. In other words, the developing blade  42  may be constituted by the elastic member  42   b  alone. 
     The sealing members  45  (the edge portion sealing members) are members that prevent the toner T stored in the developer case  23  from moving (leaking out) to the outside from the edge portion of the case in the longitudinal direction of the developing unit  20 . 
     The sealing members  45  are provided between the developer case  23  and the developing roller  32  to prevent the toner inside the developer case  23  (see  FIG. 1 ) from leaking to the outside at the two edge portions of the developing roller  32  in the axial direction (the longitudinal direction). Note that portions of the developing blade  42  are disposed between the developer case  23  (the developing frame) and the developing roller  32  at the edge portions in the longitudinal direction, and the gaps between the developer case  23  and the developing blade  42  are also sealed by the sealing members  45 . 
     More specifically, the sealing members  45  are disposed on sealing member attaching surfaces (not shown) of the developer case  23  so as to abut against the peripheral surfaces of the edge portions of the developing roller  32  in the axial direction. In order to enhance the seal characteristic, portions (edge portions  42   b   1 ) of the elastic member  42   b  are disposed so as to be interposed between the peripheral surfaces of the edge portions of the developing roller  32  and the sealing members  45 . 
     In other words, as it can be understood from  FIG. 1 , contact areas between the sealing members  45  and the developing roller  32  (the carrying layer  32   b ), and a contact area between the sealing members  45  and the elastic member  42   b  partially overlap each other in the axial direction (the longitudinal direction) of the developing roller  32 . 
     Furthermore, in the present exemplary embodiment, the elastic member  42   b  of the developing blade  42  abuts against an entire area of the developing roller  32  in the longitudinal direction, and forms a contact portion (nip) Q. Note that in  FIG. 1 , the contact portion Q is illustrated by oblique lines. 
     In the present exemplary embodiment, the free end  42   b   3  of the elastic member  42   b  is configured so as to be present on the upstream side in a rotation direction N with respect to the contact portion Q (as shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 3C ) between the elastic member  42   b  and the developing roller  32 . 
     In other words, in the rotation direction N of the developing roller  32 , an edge face ( 42   b   3 ) of the free end  42   b   3  that is capable of abutting against the carrying layer  32   b  can be disposed on the upstream side with respect to a contact position (the contact portion Q) between the restricting member (the elastic member  42   b ) and the carrying layer ( 32   b ). 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in the present exemplary embodiment, in the direction (the short direction) intersecting the rotational axis direction (the longitudinal direction) of the developing roller  32 , a free end of the elastic member  42   b  in a first area A 2  protrudes more towards the upstream side in the rotation direction N compared with a free end in a second area A 1 . 
     In other words, in the short direction of the elastic member  42   b  of the developing blade  42 , regarding the free lengths between the fixed end  42   b   2  and the free end  42   b   3 , a free length L 2  of a free end  42   b   5  on the edge portion side in the longitudinal direction is longer than a free length L 1  of a free ends  42   b   4  that is inside (on the center side of) the edge portion. 
     As described above, in the present exemplary embodiment, the elastic member  42   b  constituting the restricting member can include first portions (the second areas A 1 ) positioned on the edge portion sides in the longitudinal direction, and a second portion (the first area A 2 ) positioned inside with respect to the edge portion sides. Note that in an orthogonal direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the first portions each can have a first length (L 2 ), and the second portion can have a second length (L 1 ) that is longer than the first length (L 2 ). 
     Furthermore, the edge portion sealing members (the sealing members  45 ) can be configured to be in contact with the first portions (the second areas A 1 ) of the restricting member, and to not be in contact with the second portion (the first area A 2 ). 
     Furthermore, the second portion (the first area A 2 ) of the restricting member can be configured so that the distance to the edge face ( 42   b   3 ) of the free end  42   b   3  from the contact position (the contact portion Q) is longer than that of the first portions (the second areas A 1 ). 
     As described above, in the present exemplary embodiment, the edge portions of the first portions of the elastic member  42   b  constituting the restricting member can be positioned outside the edge portions of the carrying layer  32   b  and inside the outer edge portions of the sealing members  45 . With the above, contact portions (Q 1 ) described later can be formed in the first portions. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in the present exemplary embodiment, the developing roller  32  includes the base  32   a , and the carrying layer  32   b  formed on the base  32   a.    
     More specifically, the developing roller  32  constituting the developer carrying member includes the base  32   a  that, in the orthogonal direction that is orthogonal to the orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, has a round-shaped cross section, and the carrying layer  32   b  is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base. 
     Note that in the present exemplary embodiment, the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b  in the longitudinal direction are formed so as to be capable of being in contact with the developing blade  42  (the elastic member  42   b ) across the entire area of the outer peripheral surface of the base  32   a  in the circumferential direction during the rotation. 
     Furthermore, the base  32   a  can be formed with a metal material such as, for example, aluminum or SUS, or with a resin material. Note that the base  32   a  is, desirably, a rigid body. On the other hand, the carrying layer  32   b  can be formed as a cover layer in which a conductive substance, such as carbon black or graphite, or a solid lubricant is dispersed in resin and around which the outer peripheral surface of the base  32   a  is coated. The toner inside the developing apparatus (the developing unit) is provided with an optimum charge amount by being slid and rubbed against the carrying layer  32   b.    
     The “carrying portion” of the present disclosure may be formed by laminating the carrying layer  32   b  on the surface of the base  32   a  or may be formed by performing a surface treatment, such as surface roughening, on a portion of the surface of the base  32   a.    
     Note that in the present exemplary embodiment, the base  32   a  constituting the developer carrying member is formed in a tubular shape using aluminum. Furthermore, resin including carbon black is sprayed and coated on the surface of the tubular base  32   a  to form the carrying layer  32   b.    
     A positional relationship between the carrying layer  32   b  of the present exemplary embodiment, and the sealing members  45  and the developing blade  42  will be described next in a more detailed manner. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in the present exemplary embodiment, the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b  of the developing roller  32  are, in the longitudinal direction, disposed so as to be positioned outside inner edge portions  451  of the sealing members  45  and inside outer edge portions  452  of the sealing members  45 . 
     Furthermore, the edge portions  42   b   1  of the developing blade  42  (the elastic member  42   b ) are disposed so as to be positioned outside the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b  and inside the outer edge portions  452  of the sealing members  45 . 
     In other words, in the longitudinal direction, the edge portions  42   b   1  of the developing blade  42  (the elastic member  42   b ) are disposed outside the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b . Furthermore, the outer edge portions  452  of the sealing members  45  are further disposed outside the edge portions  42   b   1  of the developing blade  42  (the elastic member  42   b ). 
     Furthermore, as it can be understood from  FIG. 1 , in the present exemplary embodiment, when viewed in the orthogonal direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the developing roller  32  and the sealing members  45  are disposed so that portions in the areas of the carrying layer  32   b  of the developing roller  32  and portions in the areas of the sealing members  45  overlap each other in the longitudinal direction. 
     Moreover, in the longitudinal direction, the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b  are positioned inside (on the center portion side of) the edge portions  42   b   1  of the elastic member  42   b  of the developing blade  42 . 
     According to the present exemplary embodiment, the following effects can be obtained by overlapping the elastic member  42   b  and the sealing members  45  at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction. 
     In other words, the elastic member  42   b  being urged against the developing roller  32  in a further stronger manner tends to have an abutting width Q 1  formed with the developing roller  32  at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction be wider than an abutting width Q 2  formed with the developing roller  32  at portions other than the edge portions. Accordingly, in the areas where the abutting width Q 1  between the developing roller  32  and the elastic member  42   b  has increased, the toner supplied at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction has a higher charge amount by being sufficiently slid and rubbed against the carrying layer  32   b  on the developing roller  32 . 
     As a result, the amount of inverted toner, which is the cause of the “edge portion fogging” at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction, gradually decreases, and an image defect, namely, the “edge portion fogging” decreases. 
     Furthermore, by having the free end (edge face)  42   b   5  of the elastic member  42   b  be present on the upstream side in the rotation direction M with respect to the contact portions (Q 1 ) formed with the developing roller  32 , the abutting width Q 1  in the vicinities of the edge portion becomes reliably larger than the abutting width Q 2  of the image forming area. With the above, the charge providing effect on the toner at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction is improved. Furthermore, if there is a contact portion between the developing roller  32  and the elastic member  42   b , the above effect owing to the increase in the abutting width Q 1  can be obtained at the vicinities of the portions where the edge portion in the longitudinal direction overlap. 
     Furthermore, regarding the lengths from the contact portion Q between the elastic member  42   b  and the developing roller  32  to the free end, by having the first area A 2  be longer than the second area A 1 , both the effect of suppressing the “edge portion fogging” and the charge providing effect on the entire area in the longitudinal direction can be improved. 
     In particular, in the second area A 1 , by having the free end  42   b   5  of the elastic member  42   b  be present on the upstream side in the rotation direction M with respect to the contact portions (Q 1 ) formed with the developing roller  32 , the amount of toner, which is sent to the areas in the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction where the abutting width Q 1  increases, taken in can be increased appropriately. With the above, the charge amount of the toner at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction can be increased in a further optimum manner. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3A to 3C  and  FIGS. 4A to 4D , the effects of the present disclosure will be described in detail. 
       FIGS. 3A to 3C  are schemas (schematic diagrams) illustrating a cross sectional composition of the developing unit  20  of the image forming apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment. 
     Specifically,  FIG. 3A  illustrates a section (in other words, a cross section at the position illustrated by line IIIA-IIIA in  FIG. 1 ) of the developing unit  20  that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and that passes the center portion (the first area A 2 ) in the longitudinal direction. 
     Furthermore,  FIG. 3B  illustrates a section (in other words, a cross section at the position illustrated by line IIIB-IIIB in  FIG. 1 ) of the developing unit  20  that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and that passes the edge portion (the second area A 1 ) in the longitudinal direction. 
     Furthermore,  FIG. 3C  illustrates a section (in other words, a cross section at the position illustrated by line IIIC-IIIC in  FIG. 1 ) of the developing unit  20  that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and that passes the edge portion (the second area A 1 ) in the longitudinal direction. 
     As it can be understood from  FIG. 1  and  FIGS. 3A to 3C , in the elastic member  42   b , by having the second areas A 1  at the two edge portions be shorter than the first area A 2  at the center (L 2 &lt;L 1 ), the following effects can be further obtained. 
     In other words, in the first area A 2  positioned at the center in the longitudinal direction, by taking the toner in a space F (illustrated in  FIG. 3A ) formed between the developing roller  32  and the elastic member  42   b , the toner coat layer on the developing roller  32  can be restricted to have a predetermined layer thickness. 
     Meanwhile, in the second areas A 1  positioned at the edge portions in the longitudinal direction, a space G (illustrated in  FIG. 3C ) created by the elastic member  42   b  and the sealing members  45  overlapping each other can be smaller than the space F. In other words, in the second area A 1 , the space G can be decreased down to the thickness of the elastic member  42   b.    
     Since the space formed between the developing roller  32  and the elastic member  42   b  is smaller in the second area A 1  compared with that in the first area A 2 , the amount of toner taken in is smaller in the space G (illustrated in  FIG. 3C ) positioned on the edge portion side than in the space F (illustrated in  FIG. 3A ) positioned on the center side. Accordingly, compared with the first area A 2 , the amount of toner that is moved in the longitudinal direction by being pushed by the toner taken in subsequently is smaller in the second area A 1 , and the leaking of the toner from the edge portions of the developer case is reduced further. 
     Note that in the longitudinal direction, since the charge amount of the toner on the carrying layer  32   b  of the developing roller  32  is optimized by sliding and rubbing with the carrying layer  32   b  and the elastic member  42   b , retention of the toner on the carrying layer  32   b  is facilitated with image force created by the electric charge of the toner. 
     As described above, in the present exemplary embodiment, since the carrying layer  32   b  is disposed on the inner side (the center) in the longitudinal direction with respect to the elastic member  42   b , the toner is rarely conveyed to the outside of the edge portions of the elastic member  42   b  in the longitudinal direction, and the sealing of the toner with the edge portion sealing members can be reliably performed. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 4A to 4D , comparative examples of the present exemplary embodiment will be described. 
       FIGS. 4A to 4D  are schematic diagrams of the configuration of an edge portion of reference examples (the comparative examples) to describe the effects of the present exemplary embodiment. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4A , in a case in which the edge portion positions ( 32   b   1 ) of the carrying layer  32   b  in the longitudinal direction are inside (on the center side of) the edge portion positions ( 451 ) of the sealing member  45 , there will be areas in which an abutting width Q 10  is increased. In such an area, since there is no sliding nor rubbing against the carrying layer  32   b , an optimum charge amount of the toner at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction is not easily obtained. Accordingly, when compared with the present exemplary embodiment described above, the improvement effect of the “edge portion fogging” in the configuration of the comparative example illustrated in  FIG. 4A  is small. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 4B , in a case in which the edge portion positions ( 32   b   1 ) of the carrying layer  32   b  in the longitudinal direction are the same as the edge portion positions ( 451 ) of the sealing members  45 , the toner coating amount at the boundaries of the carrying layer  32   b  increases. Accordingly, triboelectricity providing (triboelectrically charging) effect is decreased in the areas where the abutting width Q 10  increases. As a result, when compared with the present exemplary embodiment described above, the suppressing effect of the “edge portion fogging” in the configuration of the comparative example illustrated in  FIG. 4B  is small. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4C and 4D , in a case in which the edge portion positions ( 32   b   1 ) of the carrying layer  32   b  in the longitudinal direction are on the outer side with respect to the edge portions ( 42   b   1 ) of the elastic member  42   b , the toner is easily conveyed to the outside of the edge portions  42   b   1  of the elastic member  42   b . Accordingly, when compared with the present exemplary embodiment described above, in the configurations of the comparative examples illustrated in  FIGS. 4C and 4D , the sealing of the toner becomes more difficult and the toner leaks to the outside from the sealing members  45  more easily. 
     Note that as described above, in order to obtain the effects of the present disclosure, basically, the carrying layer  32   b  and the sealing members  45  need to be disposed so as to overlap each other in the longitudinal direction as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Note that regarding the overlapping portion, it is available to provide the carrying layer  32   b  on at least a portion (a partial area) of the tubular base  32   a  in the circumferential direction. However, in order to further optimize the charge amount of the toner at the edge portions in the longitudinal direction, desirably, the carrying layer  32   b  is provided not only in the partial area but in the entire area of the tubular base  32   a  in the circumferential direction. 
     Furthermore, the developing blade  42  may be formed of a rigid material, such as metal, since it is easier to obtain the charge amount improving effect due to an increase in the pressure against the developing roller  32  at the edge portions. Note that an elastic material is more desirable as the material constituting the developing blade  42  since the easily deforming characteristics thereof can facilitate the effect of increasing the “abutting width Q 1 ”. 
     As described above, in the present exemplary embodiment, the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b  can be disposed on the outer side with respect to the inner edge portions  451  of the sealing members  45 , and the edge portions  32   b   1  of the carrying layer  32   b  can be disposed on the inner side with respect to the edge portions  42   b   1  of the elastic member  42   b . With the above, as well as improving the triboelectrically charged characteristics of the toner in the edge portion areas, leakage of the toner through the edge portions of the developer case can be suppressed effectively. In other words, the toner conveyed along the carrying layer  32   b  from the center side in the longitudinal direction towards the edge portion sides can be supplied to the contact portions (Q 1 ) more easily, and the triboelectric charge characteristics of the edge portions improve. Meanwhile, since the toner that has been conveyed from the center side in the longitudinal direction towards the edge portion sides rarely goes over the edge portions  42   b   1  of the elastic member  42   b , the toner rarely goes over the sealing members  45  such that leakage to the outside becomes more rare. 
     Furthermore, in the present exemplary embodiment, the free end  42   b   5  of the elastic member  42   b  can be disposed so as to protrude on the upstream side in the rotation direction M with respect to the contact portions (Q 1 ). With the above, the take in amount of the toner in the contact portions (Q 1 ) can be appropriately increased, and the charge amount of the toner at the vicinities of the edge portions in the longitudinal direction can be increased in a further optimum manner. 
     As described above, in the configuration of the present exemplary embodiment, both suppression in the “edge portion fogging” and increase in the seal characteristic can be achieved. In other words, as well as effectively suppressing the edge portion leakage of the developer stored in the frame, the occurrence of a defect in the image edge portion can be decreased. 
     Second Exemplary Embodiment 
     A second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure basically has a configuration that is similar to that of the first exemplary embodiment, and the points that are different will be described with reference to  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the edge portion of the developing unit of the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment. Furthermore,  FIG. 6  is a perspective view schematically illustrating a configuration of the developing unit of the present exemplary embodiment. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , mainly, the elastic member  42   b  of the present exemplary embodiment is different from that of the first exemplary embodiment. 
     Specifically, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in the first exemplary embodiment, the elastic member  42   b  includes two areas (in other words, the first area A 2  and the second area A 1 ) that have different lengths from the fixed end  42   b   2  to the free ends  42   b   4  or  42   b   5 . Note that a step portion  42   b   6  orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is provided between the free ends  42   b   4  and the free end  42   b   5 . 
     Conversely, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , in the elastic member  42   b  of the present exemplary embodiment, an area at a center portion (hereinafter, referred to as a first area A 2 ) and areas at edge portions (hereinafter, referred to as second areas A 1 ) are connected to each other with inclined areas (hereinafter, referred to as third areas A 3 ). 
     Specifically, in the present exemplary embodiment, the second area A 1  includes the free end  42   b   5  that is gently inclined in the longitudinal direction with respect to the third areas A 3  or that has a shape that is not inclined (parallel). 
     In other words, the third areas A 3  present between the first area A 2  and the second areas A 1  of the elastic member  42   b  are each formed across the corresponding second area A 1  and the first area A 2  so that the distant between the fixed end  42   b   2  to a corresponding free end  42   b   7  gradually increases. In other words, the free ends  42   b   7  of the third areas A 3  are formed so as to be inclined with respect to the free end  42   b   5  in the first area A 2  and the free ends  42   b   4  in the second areas A 1 . 
     In other words, in the longitudinal direction, the elastic member  42   b  constituting the restricting member can include third portions (the third areas A 3 ) that are disposed between the first portions (the second areas A 1 ) and the second portion (the first area A 2 ), and that connect the first portions and the second portion to each other. 
     Furthermore, the third portions (the third areas A 3 ) may be configured so as to be longer than the first length L 2  and that is shorter than the second length L 1 . 
     Furthermore, the length of the third portions (the third areas A 3 ) may continuously change from the first length L 2  to the second length L 1 . 
     Furthermore, as it can be understood from  FIG. 5 , the sealing members  45  may be in contact with the first portions (the second areas A 1 ) of the restricting member (the elastic member  42   b ), and not be in contact with the third portions (the third areas A 3 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , in the present exemplary embodiment, by rotation of the developing roller  32  in the rotation direction M, as indicated by arrow directions M 1  to M 4 , the toner, without being retained, moves (circulates) towards the outer side in the longitudinal direction along the inclined shape of the free end  42   b   7  positioned in the third area A 3 . As a result, sending of the toner to the portions where the abutting width Q 1  (see  FIG. 5 ) between the elastic member  42   b  and the developing roller  32  increases is facilitated further. With the above, the charge applying effect increases and the “edge portion fogging” phenomenon can be reduced further. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , in the present exemplary embodiment, the second area A 1  that has an inclination in the longitudinal direction that is gentle with respect to the inclination of the free ends  42   b   7  of the third areas A 3  or that has no inclination can be positioned on the edge portion side in the longitudinal direction with respect to the third area A 3 . 
     Furthermore, the movement of the toner occurring in the second areas A 1  is caused by the rotation of the developing roller  32 . Accordingly, in the present exemplary embodiment, driving force in the second area A 1  towards the outer side in the longitudinal direction is smaller and the conveying speed of the toner in the second area A 1  is attenuated. As a result, leaking of the toner, which moves in the longitudinal direction through the space G (see  FIG. 3C ), from the edge portions of the developer case rarely occurs. 
     As described above, by using the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment, the “edge portion fogging” can be suppressed even more while increasing the edge portion sealing characteristics of the developer case. 
     Others 
     The developing unit (the developing apparatus) described above may be configured as a developing cartridge by forming the developing unit (the developing apparatus) into a cartridge that is detachable from the apparatus main body of the image forming apparatus that forms an image. 
     Note that the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment may include the image carrying member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, and a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrying member. 
     Furthermore, in the present exemplary embodiment, while the cartridge B is detachable from the apparatus main body A, the apparatus main body A and the cartridge B may be integrated to form the image forming apparatus. 
     Furthermore, the image forming apparatus of the present exemplary embodiment may form an image using a process cartridge that is detachable from the apparatus main body of the image forming apparatus. 
     The developing apparatus, the cartridge, and the image forming apparatus can, as well as effectively suppressing the edge portion leakage of the developer stored in the frame, decrease the occurrence of a defect in the image edge portion. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions. 
     This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-069286 filed Mar. 30, 2017 and No. 2018-033618 filed Feb. 27, 2018, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.