Patent Publication Number: US-2015063260-A1

Title: Method and apparatus for device to device service in a wireless communication system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/873,539 filed on Sep. 4, 2013, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication networks, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for device to device service in a wireless communication system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     With the rapid rise in demand for communication of large amounts of data to and from mobile communication devices, traditional mobile voice communication networks are evolving into networks that communicate with Internet Protocol (IP) data packets. Such IP data packet communication can provide users of mobile communication devices with voice over IP, multimedia, multicast and on-demand communication services. 
     An exemplary network structure for which standardization is currently taking place is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The E-UTRAN system can provide high data throughput in order to realize the above-noted voice over IP and multimedia services. The E-UTRAN system&#39;s standardization work is currently being performed by the 3GPP standards organization. Accordingly, changes to the current body of 3GPP standard are currently being submitted and considered to evolve and finalize the 3GPP standard. 
     SUMMARY 
     A method and apparatus are disclosed for performing a device to device (D2D) discovery in a wireless communication system. The method includes a first UE (User Equipment) connects with a network. The method also includes the first UE receives a request from the network instructing the first UE to perform a device to device discovery to find a second UE. The method further includes the first UE performs the D2D discovery. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a diagram of a wireless communication system according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a transmitter system (also known as access network) and a receiver system (also known as user equipment or UE) according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a functional block diagram of a communication system according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a functional block diagram of the program code of  FIG. 3  according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart according to one exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The exemplary wireless communication systems and devices described below employ a wireless communication system, supporting a broadcast service. Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be based on code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) wireless access, 3GPP LTE-A or LTE-Advanced (Long Term Evolution Advanced), 3GPP2 UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), WiMax, or some other modulation techniques. 
     In particular, the exemplary wireless communication systems devices described below may be designed to support one or more standards such as the standard offered by a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” referred to herein as 3GPP, including Document Nos. SP-110638, “WID on Proposal for a study on Proximity-based Services”; TR22.803-c20, “Feasibility Study for Proximity Services (ProSe)”; and TR23.703-041, “Study on architecture enhancements to support Proximity Services (ProSe)”. The standards and documents listed above are hereby expressly incorporated herein. 
       FIG. 1  shows a multiple access wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the invention. An access network  100  (AN) includes multiple antenna groups, one including  104  and  106 , another including  108  and  110 , and an additional including  112  and  114 . In  FIG. 1 , only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, however, more or fewer antennas may be utilized for each antenna group. Access terminal  116  (AT) is in communication with antennas  112  and  114 , where antennas  112  and  114  transmit information to access terminal  116  over forward link  120  and receive information from access terminal  116  over reverse link  118 . Access terminal (AT)  122  is in communication with antennas  106  and  108 , where antennas  106  and  108  transmit information to access terminal (AT)  122  over forward link  126  and receive information from access terminal (AT)  122  over reverse link  124 . In a FDD system, communication links  118 ,  120 ,  124  and  126  may use different frequency for communication. For example, forward link  120  may use a different frequency then that used by reverse link  118 . 
     Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designed to communicate is often referred to as a sector of the access network. In the embodiment, antenna groups each are designed to communicate to access terminals in a sector of the areas covered by access network  100 . 
     In communication over forward links  120  and  126 , the transmitting antennas of access network  100  may utilize beamforming in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of forward links for the different access terminals  116  and  122 . Also, an access network using beamforming to transmit to access terminals scattered randomly through its coverage causes less interference to access terminals in neighboring cells than an access network transmitting through a single antenna to all its access terminals. 
     An access network (AN) may be a fixed station or base station used for communicating with the terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, a Node B, a base station, an enhanced base station, an eNodeB, or some other terminology. An access terminal (AT) may also be called user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, terminal, access terminal or some other terminology. 
       FIG. 2  is a simplified block diagram of an embodiment of a transmitter system  210  (also known as the access network) and a receiver system  250  (also known as access terminal (AT) or user equipment (UE)) in a MIMO system  200 . At the transmitter system  210 , traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source  212  to a transmit (TX) data processor  214 . 
     In one embodiment, each data stream is transmitted over a respective transmit antenna. TX data processor  214  formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data. 
     The coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and may be used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response. The multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream is then modulated (i.e., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined by instructions performed by processor  230 . 
     The modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to a TX MIMO processor  220 , which may further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). TX MIMO processor  220  then provides N T  modulation symbol streams to N T  transmitters (TMTR)  222   a  through  222   t.  In certain embodiments, TX MIMO processor  220  applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted. 
     Each transmitter  222  receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. N T  modulated signals from transmitters  222   a  through  222   t  are then transmitted from N T  antennas  224   a  through  224   t,  respectively. 
     At receiver system  250 , the transmitted modulated signals are received by N R  antennas  252   a  through  252   r  and the received signal from each antenna  252  is provided to a respective receiver (RCVR)  254   a  through  254   r.  Each receiver  254  conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding “received” symbol stream. 
     An RX data processor  260  then receives and processes the N R  received symbol streams from N R  receivers  254  based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide N T  “detected” symbol streams. The RX data processor  260  then demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by RX data processor  260  is complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor  220  and TX data processor  214  at transmitter system  210 . 
     A processor  270  periodically determines which pre-coding matrix to use (discussed below). Processor  270  formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion. 
     The reverse link message may comprise various types of information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse link message is then processed by a TX data processor  238 , which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source  236 , modulated by a modulator  280 , conditioned by transmitters  254   a  through  254   r,  and transmitted back to transmitter system  210 . 
     At transmitter system  210 , the modulated signals from receiver system  250  are received by antennas  224 , conditioned by receivers  222 , demodulated by a demodulator  240 , and processed by a RX data processor  242  to extract the reserve link message transmitted by the receiver system  250 . Processor  230  then determines which pre-coding matrix to use for determining the beamforming weights then processes the extracted message. 
     Turning to  FIG. 3 , this figure shows an alternative simplified functional block diagram of a communication device according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the communication device  300  in a wireless communication system can be utilized for realizing the UEs (or ATs)  116  and  122  in  FIG. 1 , and the wireless communications system is preferably the LTE system. The communication device  300  may include an input device  302 , an output device  304 , a control circuit  306 , a central processing unit (CPU)  308 , a memory  310 , a program code  312 , and a transceiver  314 . The control circuit  306  executes the program code  312  in the memory  310  through the CPU  308 , thereby controlling an operation of the communications device  300 . The communications device  300  can receive signals input by a user through the input device  302 , such as a keyboard or keypad, and can output images and sounds through the output device  304 , such as a monitor or speakers. The transceiver  314  is used to receive and transmit wireless signals, delivering received signals to the control circuit  306 , and outputting signals generated by the control circuit  306  wirelessly. 
       FIG. 4  is a simplified block diagram of the program code  312  shown in  FIG. 3  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the program code  312  includes an application layer  400 , a Layer 3 portion  402 , and a Layer 2 portion  404 , and is coupled to a Layer 1 portion  406 . The Layer 3 portion  402  generally performs radio resource control. The Layer 2 portion  404  generally performs link control. The Layer 1 portion  406  generally performs physical connections. 
     In general, 3GPP SP-110638 proposes a new study item on proximity-based services (ProSe). As discussed in 3GPP SP-110638, the justification and objective of the study item are as follows: 
     3 Justification
         Proximity-based applications and services represent a recent and enormous socio-technological trend. The principle of these applications is to discover instances of the applications running in devices that are within proximity of each other, and ultimately also exchange application-related data. In parallel, there is interest in proximity-based discovery and communications in the public safety community.
 
Current 3GPP specification are only partially suited for such needs, since all such traffic and signaling would have to be routed in the network, thus impacting their performance and adding un-necessary load in the network. These current limitations are also an obstacle to the creation of even more advanced proximity-based applications.
 
In this context, 3GPP technology, has the opportunity to become the platform of choice to enable proximity-based discovery and communication between devices, and promote a vast array of future and more advanced proximity-based applications.
       

     4 Objective 
     The objective is to study use cases and identify potential requirements for an operator network controlled discovery and communications between devices that are in proximity, under continuous network control, and are under a 3GPP network coverage, for: 
     1. Commercial/social use 
     2. Network offloading 
     3. Public Safety 
     4. Integration of current infrastructure services, to assure the consistency of the user experience including reachability and mobility aspects 
     Additionally, the study item will study use cases and identify potential requirements for 
     5. Public Safety, in case of absence of EUTRAN coverage (subject to regional regulation and operator policy, and limited to specific public-safety designated frequency bands and terminals) 
     Use cases and service requirements will be studied including network operator control, authentication, authorization, accounting and regulatory aspects.
 
The study does not apply to GERAN or UTRAN.
 
     Furthermore, 3GPP TR22.803-c20 defines a ProSe discovery, which contains an open [ProSe] discovery and a restricted [ProSe] discovery, as follows: 
     3.1 Definitions 
     ProSe Discovery: a process that identifies that a UE is in proximity of another, using E-UTRA.
 
Open [ProSe] Discovery: is ProSe Discovery without explicit permission from the UE being discovered.
 
Restricted [ProSe] Discovery: is ProSe Discovery that only takes place with explicit permission from the UE being discovered.
 
     3GPP TR22.803-c20 also describes use cases of open [ProSe] discovery, restricted [ProSe] discovery, and service continuity between Infrastructure and E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) ProSe Communication paths as follows: 
     5.1.1 Restricted ProSe Discovery Use Case 
     5.1.1.3 Service Flows 
     Mary decides to look for a friend via her application, and so do John and Peter. Thus (e.g. following interaction with her application), as Mary&#39;s UE comes into proximity of John&#39;s and Peter&#39;s UEs, the user experience is such that, without any further user interaction with the device: 
     Mary&#39;s UE detects (for example using direct radio signals or via the operator&#39;s network) that John&#39;s UE is in its proximity; 
     John&#39;s UE detects that Mary&#39;s UE is in its proximity; 
     Mary&#39;s social networking application learns that John is in or out of her proximity; 
     John&#39;s social networking application learns that Mary and Peter are in or out of his proximity; 
     Mary&#39;s UE does not detect that Peter&#39;s UE is in its proximity; 
     Peter&#39;s UE does not detect that Mary&#39;s UE is in its proximity; 
     Mary&#39;s social networking application does not detect that Peter is in or out of her proximity; 
     Peter&#39;s social networking application does not detect that Mary is in or out of his proximity. 
     As the social network application of Mary detects that John is in her proximity, Mary may decide to transfer data to John via the social networking application.
 
ProSe Discovery is achievable without any location information.
 
     5.1.2 Open ProSe Discovery Use Case 
     5.1.2.3 Service Flows 
     As Mary walks into the neighbourhood where Store A is located, Mary is notified of the proximity of Store A.
 
Mary then decides to look for a restaurant, and thus (e.g., following interaction with her application), Mary is notified of the proximity of Restaurant A. Mary is not notified of the proximity of other establishments which are not determined to be of interest according to the application she is using. After she starts walking towards Restaurant B, Mary is notified of the proximity of Restaurant B, and also of Restaurant C.
 
5.1.6 Service Continuity between Infrastructure and E-UTRA ProSe Communication Paths
 
     5.1.6.1 Description 
     In this use case UEs communicate initially via an infrastructure path, then via a ProSe Communication path and finally return to an infrastructure path. 
     5.1.6.2 Pre-Conditions 
     An operator offers a service which makes use of the ProSe feature, in which: 
     The operator is able to establish a new user traffic session using E-UTRA ProSe communication; 
     The operator is able to switch user traffic from an infrastructure communication path to an E-UTRA ProSe communication path. 
     In addition, the following assumptions are made: 
     Mary and Peter use ProSe-enabled UEs; 
     Mary and Peter are subscribed to the same cellular operator; 
     Mary and Peter are currently residing on their HPLMN; 
     Mary and Peter are subscribed to an operator service that allows them to use ProSe; 
     Mary and Peter have performed ProSe discovery and initiation of ProSe communications. 
     5.1.6.3 Service Flows 
     Mary and Peter are engaged in a data session (including one or more flows) that is being routed over the MNO&#39;s core network infrastructure.
 
As Peter moves within proximity of Mary, one or more flows of the data session is switched to an E-UTRA ProSe communication path.
 
At some point later, the data session is switched back to the infrastructure path.
 
The user experience is such that the switching of the data path is not perceived by the users.
 
The user experience of the ongoing user traffic sessions is such that any un-switched data flows are not negatively impacted by the switching of other data flows.
 
     In addition, 3GPP TR23.703-041 describes a solution for network-authorized LTE (Long Term Evolution) direct communication (one-to-one) as follows: 
     6.2.4 Solution C4: Network-Authorised LTE Direct Communication (One-to-One) 
     6.2.4.1 Functional Description 
     As defined in section 4.1.1 two different modes for ProSe direct communication need to be supported for ProSe “one-to-one” Direct Communication.
 
This solution defines procedures for the network authorised mode.
 
The different phases that occur below before the direct IP communication between two UEs can commence are the following:
 
     1. Discovery phase: the originating UE has discovered the UE that is interested to initiate communication to. The procedures of the Discovery phase for this solution alternative are described in different sections. 
     NOTE 1: This phase may not be needed for public safety scenarios. 
     2. Network assistance for Direct connection establishment: the originating and terminating UEs exchange signaling with the network before they establish the Direct connection. This may involve obtaining authorisation for using ProSe Direct Communication and obtaining direct communication parameters such as security keys etc. 
     3. Direct connectivity phase: the originating UE initiates the process to setup the Direct connection. This involves exchanging RRC and NAS signaling to convey information like IP addresses, QoS etc. Session keys are also being setup at this phase. 
     4. Direct communication phase: the originating UE is initiating direct communication (over IP) with the terminating UE. This involves any form of “over IP” signaling as/if required e.g. SIP to setup a VoIP session. 
     In general, the main purpose of switching a data session from the infrastructure path to the ProSe communication path is to offload some traffic from the infrastructure if the network is overloaded. Based on the use cases described in 3GPP TR22.803-c20, a precondition of switching a data session from the infrastructure path to the ProSe communication path is that both parties of the data session would have performed a ProSe discovery and a ProSe discovery is typically initiated by a user via interaction with an application in a UE. In this situation, the chances for the network to trigger path switching may be low because not all users of UEs engaging in data sessions would initiate ProSe discoveries. Further enhancement could be considered to increase the chances of traffic offloading. 
     When a network gets overloaded, it would consider offloading some traffic from the infrastructure path to ProSe (or device to device, D2D) communication path. Since not all UE pairs engaging in data sessions are close to each other, the network would need to select some candidates for path switching (e.g., both parties of a data session are served by the same cell or the same eNB). The network would then request both parties to perform a ProSe discovery. If either one of these two parties could discover the other, the network may switch at least one flow of the data session from the infrastructure path to the ProSe communication path. For this solution, the network would actually request a ProSe discovery on a specific target to the UE. In one embodiment, a flow of the data session refers to a radio bearer used to communicate data of the data session. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow chart  500  in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. In step  505 , a first UE connects with a network. In step  510 , the first UE receives a request from the network instructing the first UE to perform a D2D discovery to find a second UE. In step  515 , the first UE performs the D2D discovery. In one embodiment, the request from the network contains an identity of the second UE. Furthermore, a D2D discovery is a process of identifying that a UE is in proximity of another UE. In addition, the D2D discovery resources are broadcasted in a system information message of a cell; and a D2D discovery signal is transmitted or received according to the D2D discovery resources. In one embodiment, the D2D discovery signal contains an identity of a UE which transmits the signal. For example, the second UE could transmit a D2D discovery signal containing an identity of the second UE. If the first UE receives the D2D discovery signal transmitted by the second UE, the first UE would conclude that the second UE has been discovered. 
     Returning to  FIG. 5 , in step  520 , the first UE then reports a result of the D2D discovery to the network, wherein the result indicates whether the second UE has been discovered or not. 
     Referring back to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , in one embodiment, the device  300  could include a program code  312  stored in memory  310  for performing a D2D discovery. The CPU  308  could execute the program code  312  to enable the UE (i) to connect with a network, (ii) to receive a request from the network instructing the first UE to perform a D2D discovery to find a second UE, and (iii) to perform the D2D discovery. Furthermore, the CPU  308  could execute the program code  312  to enable the UE to reports a result of the D2D discovery to the network, wherein the result indicates whether the second UE has been discovered or not. In addition, the CPU  308  could execute the program code  312  to perform all of the above-described actions and steps or others described herein. 
       FIG. 6  is a flow chart  600  in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. In step  605 , a network connects with a first UE. In step  610 , the network transmits a request instructing the first UE to perform a device to device discovery to find a second UE. In one embodiment, the request from the network contains an identity of the second UE. Furthermore, a D2D discovery is a process of identifying that a UE is in proximity of another UE. In addition, the D2D discovery resources are broadcasted in a system information message of a cell; and a D2D discovery signal is transmitted or received according to the D2D discovery resources. In one embodiment, the D2D discovery signal contains an identity of a UE which transmits the signal. Correspondingly, the network should also instruct the second UE to perform a device to device discovery so that the first UE could find the second UE. For example, the second UE could transmit a D2D discovery signal containing an identity of the second UE. If the first UE receives the D2D discovery signal transmitted by the second UE, the first UE would conclude that the second UE has been discovered. 
     Returning to  FIG. 6 , in step  615 , the network receives a result of the D2D discovery from the first UE, wherein the result indicates whether the second UE has been discovered or not. 
     Referring back to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , in one embodiment, the device  300  could include a program code  312  stored in memory  310  for requesting a D2D discovery. The CPU  308  could execute the program code  312  to enable the network (i) to connect with a first UE, and (ii) to transmit a request instructing the first UE to perform a device to device discovery to find a second UE. Furthermore, the CPU  308  could execute the program code  312  to enable the network to receive a result of the D2D discovery from the first UE, wherein the result indicates whether the second UE has been discovered or not. In addition, the CPU  308  could execute the program code  312  to perform all of the above-described actions and steps or others described herein. 
     Various aspects of the disclosure have been described above. It should be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure, function, or both being disclosed herein is merely representative. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented or such a method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein. As an example of some of the above concepts, in some aspects concurrent channels may be established based on pulse repetition frequencies. In some aspects concurrent channels may be established based on pulse position or offsets. In some aspects concurrent channels may be established based on time hopping sequences. In some aspects concurrent channels may be established based on pulse repetition frequencies, pulse positions or offsets, and time hopping sequences. 
     Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. 
     Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two, which may be designed using source coding or some other technique), various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which may be referred to herein, for convenience, as “software” or a “software module”), or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     In addition, the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (“IC”), an access terminal, or an access point. The IC may comprise a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, electrical components, optical components, mechanical components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein, and may execute codes or instructions that reside within the IC, outside of the IC, or both. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. 
     It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in any disclosed process is an example of a sample approach. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module (e.g., including executable instructions and related data) and other data may reside in a data memory such as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of computer-readable storage medium known in the art. A sample storage medium may be coupled to a machine such as, for example, a computer/processor (which may be referred to herein, for convenience, as a “processor”) such the processor can read information (e.g., code) from and write information to the storage medium. A sample storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in user equipment. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in user equipment. Moreover, in some aspects any suitable computer-program product may comprise a computer-readable medium comprising codes relating to one or more of the aspects of the disclosure. In some aspects a computer program product may comprise packaging materials. 
     While the invention has been described in connection with various aspects, it will be understood that the invention is capable of further modifications. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptation of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention, and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within the known and customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains.