Patent Publication Number: US-11665467-B2

Title: Display apparatus and computing apparatus including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/126,870, filed on Dec. 18, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/534,454, filed on Aug. 7, 2019, which claims the benefit of and priority to Korean Patent Applications No. 10-2018-0113072, filed on Sep. 20, 2018, the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the same. 
     2. Discussion of the Related Art 
     Generally, display apparatuses may be equipped in home appliances or electronic devices, such as televisions (TVs), monitors, notebook computers, smartphones, tablet computers, electronic organizers, electronic pads, wearable devices, watch phones, portable information devices, navigation devices, and automotive control display apparatuses, and are used as a screen for displaying an image. Display apparatuses may include a display panel for displaying an image and a sound device for outputting a sound associated with the image. 
     However, in display apparatuses, such as TVs and monitors, because a sound output from a sound device may travel toward a rearward or a downward direction of the display apparatus, sound quality may be degraded due to interference between sound reflected from a wall and the ground. As such, an immersion experience of a viewer may be reduced. 
     Moreover, in sound devices (or speakers) included in general computing apparatuses, such as notebook computers or tablet computers, it is difficult to realize high sound quality, and particularly, a base sound of a low-pitched sound is not sufficient. Also, as system bodies are reduced in weight and miniaturized, it is difficult to a low-pitched sound of about 1 kHz or less and a high-pitched sound of about 4 kHz or more. Furthermore, sound devices of general computing apparatuses are disposed on a lower side of a keyboard and a floor, a left side surface, and a right side surface of a body, and are spaced apart from a screen. As such, an immersion experience of a viewer is reduced due to a sense of difference (or mismatch) caused by a distance difference between an image and a sound. In other words, in speakers of general computing apparatuses, because an output direction of a sound is not a direction toward the ears of a viewer, a sound having a middle- or high-pitched sound band of about 2 kHz or more having strong linearity is not directly transferred to a viewer, and may be lost or distorted. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the same that substantially obviate one or more of the issues due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
     An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the same that output sound using a vibration of a display module and/or a display panel. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the same, in which a sound characteristic of a low-pitched sound band is improved. 
     Additional features and aspects will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concepts provided herein. Other features and aspects of the inventive concepts may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description, or derivable therefrom, and the claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
     To achieve these and other aspects of the inventive concepts as embodied and broadly described, there is provided a display apparatus, including, a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, at least one vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apart from the at least one vibration module, the enclosure surrounding at least one the vibration module. 
     In another aspect, there is provided a computing apparatus, including: a system body, a display apparatus, including: a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, a vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apart from the vibration module, the enclosure surrounding the vibration module, and a hinge part between the system body and the display apparatus, the hinge part being configured to rotatably support the display apparatus. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages will be, or will become, apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and be protected by the following claims. Nothing in this section should be taken as a limitation on those claims. Further aspects and advantages are discussed below in conjunction with embodiments of the disclosure. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present disclosure are examples and explanatory, and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, that may be included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain various principles of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  1    is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates an enclosure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  9    illustrates an enclosure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  10    illustrates an enclosure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  11    illustrates an enclosure according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  12    illustrates an enclosure according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  13    illustrates an enclosure according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  14    illustrates a computing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  15    illustrates a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  16    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus according to a comparative example. 
         FIG.  17    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  18    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  19    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  20    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  21    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  22    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  23    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a computing apparatus according to a comparative example, and a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  24    is a graph showing experimental results of a sound pressure characteristic of a computing apparatus according to a comparative example, and a sound pressure characteristic of a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwise described, the same drawing reference numerals should be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. The relative size and depiction of these elements may be exaggerated for clarity, illustration, and convenience. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which may be illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when a detailed description of well-known functions or configurations related to this document is determined to unnecessarily cloud a gist of the inventive concept, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. The progression of processing steps and/or operations described is an example; however, the sequence of steps and/or operations is not limited to that set forth herein and may be changed as is known in the art, with the exception of steps and/or operations necessarily occurring in a particular order. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout. Names of the respective elements used in the following explanations are selected only for convenience of writing the specification and may be thus different from those used in actual products. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. May be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The term “at least one” should be understood as including any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the meaning of “at least one of a first item, a second item, and a third item” denotes the combination of all items proposed from two or more of the first item, the second item, and the third item as well as the first item, the second item, or the third item. 
     In the description of embodiments, when a structure is described as being positioned “on or above” or “under or below” another structure, this description should be construed as including a case in which the structures contact each other as well as a case in which a third structure is disposed therebetween. The size and thickness of each element shown in the drawings are given merely for the convenience of description, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or overall coupled to or combined with each other, and may be variously inter-operated with each other and driven technically as those skilled in the art can sufficiently understand. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out independently from each other, or may be carried out together in co-dependent relationship. 
     Hereinafter, a display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1    is a cross-sectional view of a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     With reference to  FIG.  1   , a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display module  100 , a vibration plate  200 , a connection member  300 , a vibration module  400 , and an enclosure  500 . The display module  100  may include a display panel  110  that may display an image. The display panel  110  may be configured to display the image via a front surface thereof. A rear surface of the display panel may be defined as a surface of the display panel opposite to the front surface thereof and/or facing away from the front surface thereof. The display module  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first rear region and a second rear region, which may be parallel to each other, and may be parallel to a rear middle portion. The first rear region, the second rear region and the rear middle portion may be included in a rear surface of the display module. The rear surface of the display module  100  may be defined as a surface of the display module opposite or facing away from the rear surface of the display module  100 , which may correspond to a front surface of the display module  100 . The front surface of the display module  100  may correspond to a front surface of the display panel  110 . That is, the front surface of the display module  100  may correspond to a surface of the display module  100  via which an image may be displayed. 
     The display panel  110  may be any type of display panel, such as a liquid crystal display panel, a light-emitting display panel, an electrophoresis display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, a plasma display panel, an electro wetting display panel, and a quantum dot light-emitting display panel. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including the display panel  110  or a light-emitting display apparatus including a light-emitting display panel will be described for example, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The vibration plate  200  may be coupled or connected to the display module  100  by the coupling or connection member  300 . The vibration plate  200  according to an embodiment may be formed in a plate shape, including a metal material, and may face a rear surface of the display module  100 . For example, the vibration plate  200  may have the same size as that of the rear surface of the display module  100 , or may have a size that enables the vibration plate  200  to cover the whole rear surface of the display module  100 . Similarly, a front surface of the vibration plate  200  may be defined as a surface of the vibration plate  200  facing the rear surface of the display module  100 . A rear surface of the vibration plate  200  may be defined as a surface of the vibration plate  200  opposite to or facing away from the front surface of the vibration plate  200 . 
     The vibration plate  200  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include one or more of: magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), an Al alloy material, a Mg alloy material, and a Mg-lithium (Li) alloy material. For example, the Mg alloy material may include one or more of: Al, zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). The Mg alloy material may be a very lightweight metal material of a mechanism structure, may have relatively high non-rigidity (intensity/specific gravity), and relatively high vibration-damping capacity (e.g., capacity to absorb and progressively reduce vibration), and may have good dimension stability with respect to a variation of a temperature and over time. 
     When the vibration plate  200  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes one of the above-described materials, a fine sound may be realized due to a reactivity (a response time) of a fast sound based on a density, and a sound having a whole sound band including a low-pitched sound band to a high-pitched sound band may be realized based on a fast sound speed due to high non-rigidity. Also, when internal loss is large due to high vibration-damping capacity, undesired vibration may not occur. Thus, a residual sound and a reflected sound or a resonance sound may be suppressed or reduced, thereby enabling an original sound to be reproduced or generated. Also, the vibration plate  200  may have high elasticity. Thus, a high-pitched sound of about 40 kHz or more may be realized. 
     The vibration plate  200  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be on the rear surface of the display module  100  with a first air gap AG 1  therebetween by the coupling or connection member  300 , and thus, may cover the rear surface of the display module  100 , and may be spaced apart from the rear surface of the display module  100 . For example, the vibration plate  200  may have a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, e.g., for enhancing a sound of a high-pitched sound band. For example, if the thickness of the vibration plate  200  is less than 0.1 mm, it may be difficult to maintain flatness of the vibration plate  200 , and the vibration plate  200  may be torn when vibrating. On the other hand, if the thickness of the vibration plate  200  is more than about 2.0 mm, the vibration plate  200  may be suitable for realizing a sound of a low-pitched sound band, rather than a sound of the high-pitched sound band. 
     The connection member  300  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 . Thus, the first air gap AG 1  may be provided between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 . For example, the first air gap AG 1  may be a sealed space, sealed by the connection member  300 , between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 . That is, the connection member  300  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and a front surface of the vibration plate  200 . 
     The connection member  300  may be between an edge or a periphery of the vibration plate  200  and a periphery of the rear surface of the display module  100 . Thus, the vibration plate  200  may be fixed to the rear surface of the display module  100 , and the first air gap AG 1  may be provided between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 . The first air gap AG 1  may be a vibration space that may enable the vibration plate  200  to vibrate, and may enable the display module  100  to vibrate based on the vibration of the vibration plate  200 . 
     The connection member  300  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a double-sided adhesive tape and/or an adhesive resin. The double-sided adhesive tape may include a pad or a foam pad having a certain height (or a certain thickness). The adhesive resin may include an acryl-based material or a urethane-based material, but is not limited thereto. For example, to minimize or reduce a vibration of the vibration plate  200  directly transferred to the display module  100 , the adhesive resin may include the urethane-based material having a relatively ductile characteristic rather than the acryl-based material. 
     The vibration module  400  may be on the vibration plate  200 , and may vibrate according to a sound driving signal (or a vibration driving signal) input thereto to allow the vibration plate  200  to vibrate. The vibration module  400  may include a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  respectively attached to or provided on the vibration plate  200  by first and second adhesive members  412  and  432 . For example, the vibration module  400  may be on the front surface of the vibration plate  200 . 
     The vibration module  400  may include a first vibration-generating device  410  and a second vibration-generating device  430 . The first vibration-generating device  410  may be disposed in a first rear region of the display module  100 . For example, the first vibration-generating device  410  may be attached to or provided on one side or portion of the vibration plate  200  overlapping the first rear region of the display module  100  by the first adhesive member  412 . The second vibration-generating device  430  may be disposed in, or may correspond to, a second rear region of the display module  100 . For example, the second vibration-generating device  430  may be attached to or provided on the other side or portion of the vibration plate  200  overlapping the second rear region of the display module  100  by the second adhesive member  432 . 
     The first and second adhesive members  412  and  432  may each include a double-sided tape and/or a naturally-curable adhesive. The first and second adhesive members  412  and  432  may each include a thermocurable adhesive and/or a photocurable adhesive. For example, a characteristic of the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be reduced by heat used in a curing process of curing the first and second adhesive members  412  and  432 . 
     Each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be disposed on a front surface of the vibration plate  200  to face the rear surface of the display module  100 . For example, to reduce or prevent the rear surface of the display module  100  from physically contacting the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , which may vibrate based on the sound driving signal input thereto, the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  420  may be spaced apart from the rear surface of the display module  100  by a predetermined distance, and a distance between the display module  100  and each of the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be set based on a height (or a thickness) of the connection member  300 . Therefore, the connection member  300  may have a height (or a thickness) that may be relatively greater than a distance between the front surface of the vibration plate  200  and a front surface of each of the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , with respect to a thickness direction Z of the display module  100 , thereby preventing or reducing the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  from being damaged by direct physical contact between the display module  100  and each of the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . 
     The first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may each have a first length along a first direction X, and may each have a second length along a second direction Y intersecting the first direction X. For example, the first length of each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  may be shorter than the second length, but is not limited thereto. For example, the first length of each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  may be equal to or longer than the second length. The first direction may correspond to a width or a width direction of the display module and/or the display panel. The second direction may correspond to a height or a height direction of the display module and/or the display panel. In another example, each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  420  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be on a rear surface of the vibration plate  200  opposite to the front surface of the vibration plate  200 . 
     Each of the first and second vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a piezoelectric material layer having a piezoelectric effect, a first electrode on a front surface of the piezoelectric material layer, and a second electrode on a rear surface of the piezoelectric material layer. The piezoelectric material layer may include a piezoelectric material that may vibrate in accordance with an electric field. For example, the piezoelectric material may have a characteristic in which, as pressure is applied to or twisting occurs in a crystalline structure due to an external force, a potential difference may be caused by dielectric polarization based on a relative position change of a positive (+) ion and a negative (−) ion, and vibration may occur due to an electric field based on an applied voltage. 
     The piezoelectric material layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a polymer material-containing piezoelectric material, a thin-film material-containing piezoelectric material, a composite material-containing piezoelectric material, and/or a single crystalline ceramic or polycrystalline ceramic-containing piezoelectric material. Examples of the polymer material-containing piezoelectric material include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFe), and P(VDFTeFE). Examples of the thin-film material-containing piezoelectric material include zinc oxide (ZnO), cadmium sulfide (CdS), and aluminum nitride (AlN). Examples of the composite material-containing piezoelectric material include lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (e.g., PZT-PVDF), PZT-silicon rubber, PZT-epoxy, PZT-foam polymer, and PZT-foam urethane. Examples of the single crystalline ceramic-containing piezoelectric material include one or more of: alpha-aluminum phosphate (.—AlPO 4 , berlinate), alpha-silicon dioxide (.—SiO 2 ), lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), terbium molydbate (Tb 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 ), lithium borate (or lithium tetraborate) (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ), and ZnO. Examples of the polycrystalline ceramic-containing piezoelectric material include a PZT-based material, a lead titanate (PT)-based material, a PZT-complex perovskite-based material, and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ). 
     The first electrode and the second electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may overlap each other with the piezoelectric material layer therebetween. The first electrode and the second electrode may each include an opaque metal material that may be relatively low in resistance, and may have a good heat dissipation characteristic, but is not limited thereto. For example, the first electrode and the second electrode may each include a transparent conductive material and/or a conductive polymer material. 
     The first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  420  may each have a relatively small area, and thus, may have a sound characteristic of the high-pitched sound band, thereby increasing a frequency characteristic of the high-pitched sound band and a sound pressure of the high-pitched sound band of a sound generated based on a vibration of the display module  100 . For example, a frequency of the high-pitched sound band may be, for example, about 3 kHz or more, but is not limited thereto. 
     The enclosure  500  may be spaced apart from the vibration module  400 , may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the vibration module  400 . Therefore, the enclosure  500  may provide a second air gap AG 2  surrounding the vibration module  400  and/or may be included in the first air gap AG 1  between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200  provided by the connection member  300 . For example, the second air gap AG 2  may be a sealed space or a vibration space, sealed by the enclosure  500 , between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , e.g., the front surface of the vibration plate  200 , which may face each other with the vibration module  400  therebetween. The enclosure  500  may surround by the connection member  300 . 
     The enclosure  500  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a double-sided adhesive tape having a certain height (or a certain thickness). For example, the enclosure  500  may include one or more of: a double-sided tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and a double-sided foam tape. One surface of the enclosure  500  may be attached to or provided on the rear surface of the display module  100 , and the other surface of the enclosure  500  may be attached to or provided on the front surface of the vibration plate  200 . The enclosure  500  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be near the vibration module  400 , and may reduce or prevent or attenuate an undesired vibration of the vibration plate  200  caused by a vibration of the vibration module  400 . 
     The vibration plate  200  may have a plate shape having a relatively wide size (or an area). Thus, a horizontal vibration or eccentrically vibration caused by a vibration of the vibration module  400  may occur. When a vibration signal of 1 kHz is input, a whole portion of the vibration plate  200  may vibrate at the same 1 kHz, but when the whole portion of the vibration plate  200  does not vibrate at the same frequency, the horizontal vibration may occur. The horizontal vibration may cause an undesired vibration of the vibration plate  200 . When rub and buzz or noise occurs due to the horizontal vibration or the undesired vibration of the vibration plate  200 , the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the vibration plate  200  may increase. For example, when the vibration plate  200  is vibrating, an excessive peak vibration may occur due to mutual overlapping in a peripheral region of the vibration module  400 , or an excessive dip vibration may occur due to mutual offset, thereby decreasing a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic. 
     The total harmonic distortion characteristic occurs when, due to a nonlinearity of a sound device such as a speaker, a signal that is not actually input appears in an output, and is a method of showing a nonlinearity of a sound device. For example, the total harmonic distortion characteristic occurs when a pure tone or a pure sound is input to a sound device, and a frequency that was not input appears in an output due to harmonic distortion in which harmonics corresponding to an integer multiple, such as two times, three times, and four times, of the pure sound appear in an output. The harmonic distortion may occur when a sound source signal equal to or greater than an input limit of a sound device is input, and a waveform may be clipped, and may occur when, as a harmonic component increases, a total harmonic distortion characteristic value increases, and distortion of a waveform may be severe. 
     The total harmonic distortion characteristic may be represented as a ratio of a sum of root mean square (RMS) values of total harmonics to an RMS value of a basis wave. For example, the total harmonic distortion characteristic may be represented as a rate (%) at which a frequency, other than 1 kHz, occurs when a vibration signal of 1 kHz is input. The total harmonic distortion characteristic may occur when, as a harmonic component increases, a high value is obtained. As a total harmonic distortion characteristic value increases, distortion of a waveform may be severe. 
     For example, when noise is in a sound source, the noise may be amplified along with the sound source when amplifying the sound source, and due to this, the total harmonic distortion characteristic may increase. When rub and buzz occur due to a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , the total harmonic distortion characteristic may increase. As the total harmonic distortion characteristic increases, a ratio of an original sound may be reduced to cause distortion of the original sound or decrease a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic. For example, when the display apparatus, which outputs a sound according to a vibration of the display module  100 , has a total harmonic distortion characteristic of 5% or less in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more and has a total harmonic distortion characteristic of 15% or less in a sound band of less than about 2 kHz, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be enhanced. 
     The enclosure  500  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be in a horizontal vibration region of the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the vibration module  400 , and may act as a damper which prevents (or attenuates) a horizontal vibration (or an undesired vibration) of the vibration plate  200 , thereby decreasing the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  to enhance the sound quality and sound pressure characteristic of the display apparatus. For example, a first distance between the enclosure  500  and each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be a distance that may be one to three times the first length of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , with respect to the first direction X. Also, a second distance between the enclosure  500  and each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be a distance that may be half (0.5) to 1.5 times the second length of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , with respect to the second direction Y. 
     The enclosure  500  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530 . The first enclosure  510  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the first vibration-generating device  410 , and may prevent or attenuate a horizontal vibration or an undesired vibration of the vibration plate  200  occurring near the first vibration-generating device  410 . The second enclosure  530  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the second vibration-generating device  430 , and may prevent or attenuate a horizontal vibration or an undesired vibration of the vibration plate  200  occurring near the second vibration-generating device  430 . 
     The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a system rear cover  600 . The system rear cover  600  may accommodate the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200  coupled or connected to the vibration module  400 . The system rear cover  600  may include a rear structure  610  and a side structure  630 . 
     The rear structure  610 , an outermost rear structure on a rear surface of the display apparatus, may support the display module  100 , and may cover or overlap the rear surface of the vibration plate  200  with a third air gap AG 3  therebetween. The side structure  630 , an outermost side structure on a side surface of the display apparatus, may be provided on an edge or in a periphery of the rear structure  610 , and may cover side surfaces of the display module  100  and side surfaces of the vibration plate  200  with a border gap BG therebetween. 
     The system rear cover  600  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a rear sound member  650 . The rear sound member  650  may be in an inner corner portion of the system rear cover  600 . For example, the rear sound member  650  may protrude from a corner portion of each of the rear structure  610  and the side structure  630 , or may be installed in the corner portion of each of the rear structure  610  and the side structure  630 . For example, the rear sound member  650  may be referred to as a “sound guide member,” “rear sound guide member,” or a “rear sound guider,” but the term is not limited thereto. 
     The rear sound member  650  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an inclined surface or a curved surface, each facing the third air gap AG 3  and the border gap BG. The rear sound member  650  may guide a traveling path of a rear sound, traveling toward the border gap BG via the third air gap AG 3 , in a direction toward a front surface of the display panel  110 . For example, a rear sound RSW, which may be generated in the third air gap AG 3  based on a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , may be output in a direction toward the front surface of the display panel  110 , and thus, may be an edge sound or periphery sound ESW. 
     The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the display module  100 , which may vibrate based on a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , which may perform based on a vibration of the vibration module  400  based on a sound driving signal input thereto. Thus, the display module  100  may output a first sound wave, e.g., a panel sound PSW, generated based on the vibration of the display module  100 , toward a forward region in front of the display panel  110 , thereby outputting a high-quality sound of a broad sound band, realizing a sound field that may fully fill a whole screen, and may enhance an immersion experience of a viewer due to harmony (or match) between an image and a sound. 
     Also, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the enclosure  500 , which may be near the vibration module  400  to prevent (or attenuate) a horizontal vibration of the vibration plate  200 , which may vibrate based on a vibration of the vibration module  400 . Thus, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  may be reduced, thereby enhancing sound quality and a sound pressure characteristic. 
     Also, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first sound wave or panel sound PSW may be generated based on the vibration of the display module  100 , and may be directly output toward the forward region in front of the display panel  110 . Further, a second sound wave or rear sound (or a vibration sound of a vibration plate) or edge or periphery sound ESW may be generated based on the vibration of the vibration plate  200 , and may be output toward the forward region in front of the display panel  110  via the third air gap AG 3  and the border gap BG, instead of toward a rearward region behind and/or a downward region under the display panel  110 , thereby accurately transferring a sound and improving sound quality to increase an immersion experience of a viewer. For example, a sound having a middle- or high-pitched sound band of about 2 kHz to 20 kHz may have a strong linearity. Thus, even when the sound is output toward the ears of a viewer, the sound may be transferred to the viewer without being lost or without the sound being distorted. However, a sound of the middle- or high-pitched sound band, which may be output from a lower speaker and/or a rear speaker equipped in a related art display apparatus, cannot be normally transferred to a viewer due to an output direction thereof. 
     On the other hand, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the panel sound PSW and the edge or periphery sound ESW, each traveling toward ears of a viewer, outputs toward the forward region in front of the display panel  110 , a sound of the middle- or high-pitched sound band may be directly transferred to the viewer without being lost or distorted. Thus, a sound substantially similar to an original sound may be provided to the viewer. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     With reference to the examples of  FIGS.  2  to  4   , the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a system body  10 , a hinge part  20 , and a display apparatus  30 , which may be rotatably coupled or connected to the system body  10  through the hinge part  20 . 
     The system body  10  may include a main board, various circuits mounted on the main board, various storage mediums, peripheral devices, a keyboard, a power device, etc. The various circuits mounted on the main board may include a central control circuit for processing various pieces of information, an image processing circuit for processing data according to control by the central control circuit, a sound processing circuit for processing a sound according to control by the central control circuit, etc. The system body  10  may process various pieces of information, may generate video data and a sound signal and may provide the display apparatus  30  with the processed information, the generated video data, and the sound signal. 
     The hinge part  20  may be installed between the system body  10  and the display apparatus  30 , and may rotatably support a lower portion of the display apparatus  30 . The display apparatus  30  may be rotatably installed in the hinge part  20 , and may cover an upper surface of the system body  10 , or may be unfolded by a certain angle from the upper surface of the system body  10  with the hinge part  20  as a rotation shaft. The display apparatus  30  may be configured to display an image corresponding to video data provided from the system body  10 , based on a timing control signal provided from the system body  10 , and may output a panel sound PSW and an edge or periphery sound ESW corresponding to a sound signal provided from the system body  10 . For example, the sound signal may be synchronized with an image signal, but embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     The display apparatus  30  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display module  100 , a vibration plate  200 , a connection member  300 , a vibration module  400 , an enclosure  500 , a system rear cover  600 , and a system front cover  700 . The display module  100  may include a display panel  110 , a panel driving circuit unit  120 , a backlight unit  130 , a panel guide  140 , and a supporting cover  150 . The display panel  110  may display an image using light irradiated from the backlight unit  130 , and may include a lower substrate  111 , an upper substrate  112 , a lower polarization member  113 , and an upper polarization member  114 . 
     The lower substrate  111 , which may be a thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate, may include a pixel array including a plurality of pixels respectively provided in a plurality of pixel areas defined by intersections of a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines. Each of the plurality of pixels may include a TFT connected to a gate line and a data line corresponding thereto, a pixel electrode connected to the TFT, and a common electrode, which may be adjacent to the pixel electrode, and may be supplied with a common voltage. 
     The lower substrate  111  may further include a pad part in a first periphery thereof and a gate driving circuit in a second periphery thereof. The pad part may provide the pixel array and the gate driving circuit with a signal supplied from the outside. For example, the pad part may include a plurality of data pads connected to the plurality of data lines through a plurality of data link lines, and a plurality of gate input pads connected to the gate driving circuit via a gate control signal line. 
     The gate driving circuit may be embedded (or integrated) into the first periphery of the lower substrate  111  to be connected to the plurality of gate lines in a one-to-one relationship. For example, the gate driving circuit may be a shift register including a transistor, which may be formed through the same process as a process of forming a TFT in each of the pixel areas. As another example, the gate driving circuit may be in the panel driving circuit  120  without being embedded into the lower substrate  111 . 
     The upper substrate  112 , a color filter array substrate, may include a pixel pattern that may define an opening area overlapping each of the pixel areas on the lower substrate  111 , and a color filter layer in the opening area. The upper substrate  112  may be attached to the lower substrate  111  with a liquid crystal layer therebetween by a sealant. The liquid crystal layer may be between the lower substrate  111  and the upper substrate  112 , and may include a liquid crystal including liquid crystal molecules having an alignment direction, which may be changed based on an electric field generated from the common voltage and a data voltage applied to the pixel electrode in each of the plurality of pixels. 
     The lower polarization member  113  may be on a lower surface of the lower substrate  111 , and may polarize light, irradiated from the backlight unit  130 , to a first polarization axis to irradiate the polarized light onto the lower substrate  111 . The upper polarization member  114  may be on an upper surface of the upper substrate  112 , and may polarize light that passes through the upper substrate  112 , and may be output to the outside. The display panel  110  may drive the liquid crystal layer according to the electric field generated from the common voltage and the data voltage applied to the pixel electrode in each of the plurality of pixels, thereby displaying an image using light passing through the liquid crystal layer. 
     The panel driving circuit unit  120  may be connected to the pad part provided in the display panel  110 , and may display an image, corresponding to the video data supplied from the system body  10 , based on an output of each pixel. The panel driving circuit unit  120  according to an embodiment may include a plurality of data flexible circuit films  121 , a plurality of data driving integrated circuits (ICs)  123 , a printed circuit board (PCB)  125 , and a timing control circuit  127 . 
     Each of the plurality of data flexible circuit films  121  may be attached to the pad part on the lower substrate  111  of the display panel  110  by, for example, a film attachment process or a tape automated bonding process. Each of the plurality of data flexible circuit films  121  may be bent to surround a side surface of each of the display panel  110  and the backlight unit  130 , and may be connected to the PCB  125  at a rear surface of the supporting cover  150 . 
     Each of the plurality of data driving ICs  123  may be individually mounted on a corresponding data flexible circuit film of the plurality of data flexible circuit films  121 . Each of the plurality of data driving ICs  123  may receive pixel data and a data control signal supplied from the timing control circuit  127 , may convert the pixel data into a pixel-based analog data signal according to the data control signal, and may supply the analog data signal to a corresponding data line. As another example, each of the plurality of data driving ICs  123  may be directly mounted on the first periphery of the lower substrate  111  by a chip bonding process, and may be connected to a plurality of data lines. In this case, the plurality of data flexible circuit films  121  may be omitted. 
     The PCB  125  may be connected to the plurality of data flexible circuit films  121 . The PCB  125  may support the timing control circuit  127 , and may transfer signals and power between elements of the panel driving circuit unit  120 . The PCB  125  may include a user connector  125   a , connected to the system body  10  through a cable, and first and second sound output connectors  125   b  and  125   c  connected to the vibration module  400 . 
     The timing control circuit  127  may be mounted on the PCB  125 , and may receive, through the user connector  125   a  of the PCB  125 , the video data and a timing sync signal supplied from the system body  10 . The timing control circuit  127  may align the video data to generate pixel data suitable for a pixel arrangement structure of the display panel  100 , based on the timing sync signal, and may supply the generated pixel data to the data driving ICs  123 . Also, the timing control circuit  127  may generate the data control signal and a gate control signal, based on the timing synchronized signal. Thus, the timing control circuit  127  may control a driving timing of each of the plurality of data driving ICs  123  by the data control signal, and may control a driving timing of the gate driving circuit using the gate control signal. 
     The panel driving circuit unit  120  may further include a plurality of data flexible circuit films and a plurality of gate driving ICs, instead of a gate driving circuit. For example, the lower substrate  111  of the display panel  110  may further include a gate pad part, which may be provided in a third periphery thereof, and may include a plurality of gate pads connected to a plurality of gate lines through a plurality of gate link lines. Each of the plurality of gate flexible circuit films may be attached to the gate pad part on the lower substrate  111  of the display panel  110  by a film attachment process. Each of the plurality of gate flexible circuit films may be bent to a side surface of the display panel  110 . Each of the plurality of gate driving ICs may be individually mounted on a corresponding gate flexible circuit film of the plurality of gate flexible circuit films. Each of the plurality of gate driving ICs may receive the gate control signal supplied from the timing control circuit  127  through a gate input pad, may generate a gate pulse according to the gate control signal, and may supply the gate pulse to the gate lines in a predetermined order. As another example, each of the plurality of gate driving ICs may be directly mounted on the third periphery of the lower substrate  111  by a chip bonding process, may be connected to a plurality of gate lines, and may be connected to the gate input pad on the lower substrate  111 . In this case, the plurality of gate flexible circuit films may be omitted. 
     The backlight unit  130  may be on or facing a rear surface of the display panel  110 , and may irradiate light onto the rear surface of the display panel  110 . The backlight unit  130  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a light guide plate  131 , a light source unit  133 , a reflective sheet  135 , and an optical sheet part  137 . 
     The light guide plate  131  may include a light incident surface, which may overlap the display panel  110 , and may be provided on one sidewall thereof. The light guide plate  131  may include a light-transmitting plastic or glass material. The light guide plate  131  may transfer (or output) light, which may be incident through the light incident surface from the light source unit  133 , to the display panel  110 . 
     The light source unit  133  may irradiate light onto the light incident surface in the light guide plate  131 . The light source unit  133  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a light source PCB  133   a  and a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs)  133   b , which may be mounted on the light source PCB  133   a , and may irradiate light onto the light incident surface of the light guide plate  131 . The light source unit  133  may be covered by a light source housing. The light source housing may cover a front surface of the panel guide  140  and an edge or periphery of the optical sheer part  137 , which may be adjacent to each other with the light source unit  133  therebetween, and may cover an upper portion of the light source unit  133 . 
     The reflective sheet  135  may cover a rear surface of the light guide plate  131 . The reflective sheet  135  may reflect light, which may be incident from the light guide plate  131 , toward the light guide plate  131  to minimize or reduce the loss of the light. 
     The optical sheet part  137  may be on a front surface of the light guide plate  131 , and may enhance a luminance characteristic of light output from the light guide plate  131 . The optical sheet part  137  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a lower diffusive sheet, a lower prism sheet, and an upper prism sheet, but is not limited thereto. For example, the optical sheet part  137  may be include a stacked combination of one or more sheets one among a diffusive sheet, a prism sheet, a dual-brightness enhancement film (DBEF), and a lenticular sheet, or may include one composite sheet having a light diffusing function and a light collecting function. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when sound is output or generated based on a vibration of the display panel  110 , which may respond to a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , the loss of vibration of the vibration plate  200  may be minimized or reduced while the vibration is being transferred to the display panel  110 . The optical sheet unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include one composite sheet having the light diffusing function and the light collecting function. 
     The panel guide  140  may be accommodated into the supporting cover  150 , and may support the light source unit  133  and a periphery of a rear surface of the display panel  110 . The panel guide  140  may include a panel supporting part  141  that may support the periphery of the rear surface of the display panel  110 , and a cover coupling or connection part  143  that may be recessed from an outer surface of the panel supporting part. 
     The supporting cover  150  may support the panel guide  140 . The supporting cover  150  may include a metal material, a plastic material, and/or the like. For example, to secure rigidity and a heat dissipation characteristic of the backlight unit  130 , the supporting cover  150  may include a metal material. The supporting cover  150  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a cover plate  151  and a side cover  153 . 
     The cover plate  151  may cover a rear surface of the backlight unit  130 , and thus, may support the reflective sheet  135  of the backlight unit  130  and the panel guide  140 . For example, the panel guide  140  may be attached to or provided on the cover plate  151  by an adhesive member, such as a double-sided tape. 
     The side cover  153  may be vertically provided from a periphery of a front surface of the cover plate  151 , and may surround an outer sidewall of the panel guide  140 . For example, the side cover  153  may be inserted into the cover connection part  143  of the panel guide  140 , and thus, may not protrude to the outside of an outer surface of the panel guide  140 . 
     The display module  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a light blocking member  160 . The light blocking member  160  may cover a front surface of the panel guide  140  adjacent to the light source unit  133  and an edge or periphery of the optical sheet part  137  adjacent to the light source unit  133  and the light source PCB  133   a  of the light source unit  133 , thereby preventing or reducing the light leakage of the light source unit  133 . One portion of the light blocking member  160  may extend to cover an outer surface of the panel guide  140  adjacent to the light source unit  133 , the side cover  153  of the supporting cover  150 , and a periphery of a rear surface of the cover plate  151 . The light blocking member  160  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a black single-sided tape, but is not limited thereto. 
     The display module  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a panel coupling or connection member  170 . The panel coupling or connection member  170  may be between the periphery of the rear surface of the display panel  110  and the panel guide  140 , and may attach the display panel  110  on the panel guide  140 . For example, the display panel  110  may be attached to or provided on the panel guide  140  by the panel connection member  170 . The panel connection member  170  overlapping the light source unit  130  may be attached to or provided on the light blocking member  160 . The panel connection member  170  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a double-sided tape or a double-sided foam tape, but is not limited thereto. 
     The display module  100  may display an image using light provided to the display panel  110  from the backlight unit  130 , and may output the panel sound PSW and the edge or periphery sound ESW, each generated based on a vibration of the display panel  110  responding to a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , toward the forward region in front of the display panel  110  (for example, in a direction toward a face of a viewer). For example, the display module  100  may have a thin (or slim) structure, for example, having a thickness of 4 mm or less, to have the same vibration amount as that of the vibration plate  200 . 
     The vibration plate  200  may be coupled or connected to a rear surface of the display module  100 . The vibration plate  200  may be coupled or connected to a rear surface of the supporting cover  150  by the connection member  300  with the first air gap AG 1  therebetween. The vibration plate  200  may include at least one of the above-described metal materials, and a repetitive description relevant thereto is omitted. 
     The connection member  300  may be between the cover plate  151  of the supporting cover  150  and the vibration plate  200 . The connection member  300  may support the vibration plate  200 , and may provide the first air gap AG 1  between the display module  100  (e.g., the reflective sheet  135 ) and the vibration plate  200 . The first air gap AG 1  may be a sealed space or a vibration space for enabling a vibration of the vibration plate  200 . The connection member  300  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may overlap an edge or periphery portion of the light guide plate  131 . 
     The vibration module  400  may be disposed on a front surface of the vibration plate  200  to directly face the rear surface of the display module  100  (for example, the cover plate  151  of the supporting cover  150 ). The vibration module  400  may vibrate based on a sound driving signal, which may directly input from the system body  10 , or may indirectly input through the PCB  125  of the display module  100 , thereby allowing the vibration plate  200  to vibrate. The vibration module  400  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first vibration-generating device  410  and a second vibration-generating device  430 , which may be attached to or provided on the front surface of the vibration plate  200  by adhesive members  412  and  432 . The first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  may each include a piezoelectric material layer described above, and thus, their detailed descriptions are not repeated. 
     The enclosure  500  may be disposed in each of a first rear region and a second rear region of the vibration plate  200  to individually surround each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430 . For example, the enclosure  500  may be in a horizontal vibration region of the vibration plate  200 , which may be adjusted in each of the first rear region and the second rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and may prevent (or attenuate) a horizontal vibration (or an undesired vibration) of the vibration plate  200 , thereby decreasing the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  to enhance the sound quality and sound pressure characteristic of the display apparatus. 
     The enclosure  500  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530 . The first enclosure  510  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the first vibration-generating device  410 . The first enclosure  510  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may surround the first vibration-generating device  410  in the first rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and thus, may provide a second air gap AG 2  surrounding the first vibration module  410  in the first air gap AG 1 . For example, the second air gap AG 2  may be a sealed space or a vibration space for enabling the vibration plate  200  to vibrate based on a vibration of the first vibration-generating device  410 . The first enclosure  510  may prevent or attenuate a horizontal vibration or an undesired vibration, each occurring in the first rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and may prevent or decrease mutual interference between a vibration based on the first vibration-generating device  410  and a vibration based on the second vibration-generating device  430 . 
     The second enclosure  530  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the second vibration-generating device  430 . The second enclosure  530  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may surround the second vibration-generating device  430  in the second rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and thus, may provide a second air gap AG 2  surrounding the second vibration module  430  in the first air gap AG 1 . For example, the second air gap AG 2  may be a sealed space or a vibration space tor enabling the vibration plate  200  to vibrate based on a vibration of the second vibration-generating device  430 . The second enclosure  530  may prevent or attenuate a horizontal vibration or an undesired vibration each occurring in the second rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and may prevent or decrease mutual interference between a vibration based on the first vibration-generating device  410  and a vibration based on the second vibration-generating device  430 . 
     The system rear cover  600  may accommodate the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200  coupled or connected to the vibration module  400 . The system rear cover  600  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a rear structure  610  and a side structure  630 . 
     The rear structure  610 , which may be an outermost structure on a rear surface of the display apparatus, may support the supporting cover  150  of the display module  100 , and may cover the rear surface of the vibration plate  200  with a third air gap AG 3  therebetween. For example, the rear structure  610  may be spaced apart from the vibration plate  200  by a predetermined distance to not physically contact the vibration plate  200  when the vibration plate  200  is vibrating. The side structure  630 , which may be an outermost structure on a side surface of the display apparatus, may be on an edge or in a periphery of the rear structure  610 , and may cover side surfaces of the display module  100  and side surfaces of the vibration plate  200  with a border gap BG therebetween. 
     The system rear cover  600  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a rear sound member  650 . The rear sound member  650  may protrude from a corner portion of each of the rear structure  610  and the side structure  630 , or may be installed in the corner portion of each of the rear structure  610  and the side structure  630 . For example, the rear sound member  650  may be referred to as a “sound guide member,” a “rear sound guide member,” or a “rear sound guider,” but the term is not limited thereto. 
     The rear sound member  650  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an inclined surface or a curved surface, each facing the third air gap AG 3  and the bonder gap BG. The rear sound member  650  may guide a traveling path of a rear sound, traveling toward the border gap BG via the third air gap AG 3 , in a direction toward the border gap BG (for example, a direction toward a front surface of the display panel  110 ), thereby blocking, reducing, or minimizing a rear sound, which may again be reflected to the third air gap AG 3  by the side structure  630 . For example, a rear sound, which may be generated in the third air gap AG 3  based on a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , may be output in a direction toward the front surface of the display panel  110  through the border gap BG, and thus, may be an edge or periphery sound ESW. 
     The system front cover  700  may cover a periphery of a front surface of the display panel  110  and the border gap BG. The system front cover  700  may have a tetragonal (quadrilateral) frame shape, and may cover the periphery of the front surface of the display panel  110  and the border gap BG. The system front cover  700  may be coupled or connected to the side structure  630  of the system rear cover  600  by a fastening member, such as a hook. The system front cover  700  may cover the panel driving circuit unit  120  and a front surface of the display module  100 , other than a display area of the display panel  110 . 
     The system front cover  700  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least one sound emission part  710  overlapping the border gap BG. The sound emission part  710  may include a plurality of sound emission ports  710   a  and  710   b , which may vertically pass through the system front cover  600  overlapping the borer gap BG to communicate the border gap BG with the outside. For example, the sound emission part  710  may be disposed in at least one of first to fourth corner portions of the system front cover  700  and a middle portion between the first to fourth corner portions. 
     The computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the display module  100 , which may vibrate based on a vibration of the vibration plate  200  performed based on a vibration of the vibration module  400 , and thus, may output the panel sound PSW, generated based on the vibration of the display module  100 , toward a forward region in front of the display panel  110 , thereby outputting a high-quality sound of a broad sound band, realizing a sound field which may fully fill a whole screen, and enhancing an immersion experience of a viewer due to harmony (or match) between an image and a sound. Also, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the enclosure  500 , which may be near the vibration module  400  to prevent (or attenuate) a horizontal vibration of the vibration plate  200 , which may vibrate based on a vibration of the vibration module  400 . Thus, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  may be reduced, thereby enhancing sound quality and a sound pressure characteristic. Also, in the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a panel vibration sound generated based on the vibration of the display module  100  may be directly output as the panel sound PSW toward the forward region in front of the display panel  110 , and a rear sound (or a plate vibration sound) generated based on the vibration of the vibration plate  200  may be output as the edge sound ESW toward the forward region in front portion of the display panel  110  via the third air gap AG 3  and the border gap BG, instead of toward a rearward region behind and/or a downward region under the display panel  110 , thereby accurately transferring a sound and improving sound quality to increase an immersion experience of a viewer. 
     Also, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may output the panel sound PSW generated based on a vibration of the display panel  110  and the edge or periphery sound ESW, which may be output toward a forward region in front portion of the display panel  110  through the border gap BG based on a vibration of the vibration plate  200 , even without a speaker embedded into the system body  10 . Accordingly, an embedded speaker embedded into the system body  10  may be omitted. Thus, a weight of the system body may be reduced. Also, a space obtained by removing the embedded speaker may be used as a space in which a battery may be provided, thereby enabling an increase in the size of the battery. 
       FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates an embodiment in which a protection member may be added to the display apparatus illustrated in the examples of  FIGS.  2  to  4   . Thus, in the description below, only modified elements will be described in detail, and in descriptions of the other elements, as in  FIGS.  2  to  4   , like reference numerals refer to like elements and repetitive descriptions are omitted or will be briefly given. 
     With reference to  FIG.  5   , a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protection member  800 . The protection member  800  may be on or facing a rear surface of a display module  100 , facing a vibration module  400 . The protection member  800  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be on or facing a rear surface of a supporting cover  150 , facing the vibration module  400 , and may have a size that may be greater than that of each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  of the vibration module  400 . The protection member  800  may prevent or reduce the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  of the vibration module  400  from being damaged by a physical impact and/or an electrical impact, such as static electricity. For example, the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be damaged by static electricity, which may occur in the display module  100 , such as a panel driving circuit unit, or may flow in from the outside, or may be damaged by a physical contact with the display module  100  caused by pressing of the display module  100 . Therefore, the protection member  800  may be between the display module  100  and each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and thus, may cut off static electricity transferred to the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  through the display module  100  to protect the static electricity from the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and may protect the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  from a physical impact applied to each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . The protection member  800  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a single-sided insulation tape or an insulation single-sided foam tape, each including an adhesive layer attached to the supporting cover  150 . For example, the protection member  800  may be a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulation tape or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulation tape. 
     As another example, the protection member  800  may be alternatively or additionally on each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  of the vibration module  400  directly facing the rear surface of the display module  100 . For example, the protection member  800  may increase a weight of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  to decrease a resonance frequency of a vibration plate  200 , thereby increasing a frequency characteristic of a low-pitched sound band of a sound generated based on a vibration of the vibration plate  200 . 
       FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a structure of the supporting cover illustrated in each of the examples of  FIGS.  3  and  4   . Thus, in the description below, only modified elements will be described in detail, and in descriptions of the other elements, as in  FIGS.  2  to  5   , like reference numerals refer to like elements and repetitive descriptions are omitted or will be briefly given. 
     With reference to  FIG.  6   , a supporting cover  150  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include a cover plate  151 , a side cover  153 , and an opening or hole  155 . The cover plate  151  and the side cover  153  may be as described above with reference to  FIGS.  3  and  4   , and thus, their repetitive descriptions are omitted. 
     The opening or hole  155  may be provided in the cover plate  151  to face a vibration module  400 . The opening  155  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may vertically pass through the cover plate  151 , and may have a size that may be greater than that of each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  of the vibration module  400  for the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  to be inserted or accommodated therein. The opening  155  may protect the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  from a physical impact applied to each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  by the display module  100 . For example, when the display module  100  is excessively pressed, each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be inserted or accommodated into the opening  155  of the supporting cover  150 , and may not physically contact the cover plate  151  of the supporting cover  150 , thereby preventing or reducing the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  from being damaged by the physical impact caused by the display module  100 . 
     The supporting cover  150  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease in weight by a weight corresponding to a size of the opening  155 . Thus, a weight of the display module  100  may be reduced, and a weight of a computing apparatus may also be reduced. 
       FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  2    according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a structure of the display apparatus illustrated in each of the examples of  FIGS.  3  and  4   . Thus, in description below, only modified elements will be described in detail, and in descriptions of the other elements, as in  FIGS.  2  to  6   , like reference numerals refer to like elements and repetitive descriptions are omitted or will be briefly given. 
     With reference to  FIG.  7    in conjunction with  FIG.  2   , in a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display apparatus  30  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display module  100 , a vibration plate  200 , a connection member  300 , a vibration module  400 , an enclosure  500 , a system rear cover  600 , and a system front cover  700 . The display module  100  may be accommodated into the system rear cover  600 , and may display an image, e.g., an electronic image. The display module  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display panel  110  that may display an image, and a panel driving circuit unit that may drive the display panel  110 . 
     The display panel  110  may be a light-emitting display panel. The display panel  110  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a pixel array substrate  116  including a pixel array  117  including a plurality of pixels, an encapsulation layer  118  that may encapsulate the pixel array  117 , and a cover film  119  on an upper surface of the encapsulation layer  118 . 
     The plurality of pixels may be respectively in a plurality of pixel areas, and may be respectively driven by a plurality of pixel driving lines. Also, each of the plurality of pixels may include a pixel circuit, including at least two thin-film transistors (TFTs) and at least one capacitor, and a light-emitting device that may emit light with a current supplied from the pixel circuit. For example, the light-emitting device may include an organic light-emitting layer or a quantum dot light-emitting layer. As another example, the light-emitting device may include a micro light-emitting diode (LED). The encapsulation layer  118  may protect the TFTs and the light-emitting device from an external impact, and may reduce or prevent water or moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. 
     The cover film  119  may be attached to or provided on the upper surface of the encapsulation layer  118  by an adhesive member. The adhesive member may be a transparent adhesive member, but is not limited thereto. The cover film  119  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a polarization film, which may circularly polarize external light reflected by the TFT and/or the pixel driving lines provided on the pixel array substrate  116 , thereby enhancing the visibility and contrast ratio of the display panel  110 . According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the cover film  119  may be one or more of: an anti-fingerprint film, a brightness enhancement film, and a barrier film, but is not limited thereto. 
     The display panel  110  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a barrier layer and a touch electrode layer between the encapsulation layer  118  and the cover film  119 . Also, the display panel  110  may further include a color filter layer on an upper surface of the encapsulation layer  118 . 
     In the present embodiment, the encapsulation layer  118  may be replaced with an encapsulation substrate, which may be attached to the pixel array substrate  116  by a filler surrounding the pixel array  117 . If the filler is a transparent filler, the encapsulation substrate may be a transparent encapsulation substrate. 
     The panel driving circuit unit may be connected to a pad part in the display panel  110 , and may display an image, corresponding to video data supplied from the system body  10 , by respectively driving each pixel. The panel driving circuit unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as illustrated in  FIG.  4   , may include the plurality of data flexible circuit films  121 , the plurality of data driving ICs  123 , the PCB  125 , and the timing control circuit  127 . Thus, its description is not repeated. 
     The vibration plate  200  may be coupled or connected to a rear surface of the display module  100 . Except for the vibration plate  200  being coupled or connected to the rear surface of the display panel  110  with the connection member  300  therebetween using a first air gap AG 1 , the vibration plate  200  is as described above. Thus, its description is not repeated. 
     The vibration module  400  may be attached to or provided on a front surface of the vibration plate  200  by an adhesive member  412 . The vibration module  400  may include the above-described first vibration-generating device  410  and second vibration-generating device  430 , and may be as described above. Thus, its detailed description is not repeated. 
     The enclosure  500  may be in each of a first rear region and a second rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  and may be as described above, and thus, its detailed description may not repeated. 
     The system rear cover  600  may accommodate the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200  coupled or connected to the display module  100 . The system rear cover  600  may include a rear structure  610  that may cover a rear surface of the vibration plate  200  with a third air gap AG 3  therebetween, a side structure  630  that may be provided in an edge or periphery of the rear structure  610 , and may cover side surfaces of the display module  100  and side surfaces of the vibration plate  200 , and a rear sound member  650  that may be provided in a corner portion of the rear structure  610  and the side structure  630 . The system rear cover  600  is as described above. Thus, its repetitive description is omitted. 
     The system front cover  700  may have a tetragonal (quadrilateral) frame shape, and may cover a periphery of a front surface of the display panel  110  and a border gap BG between the side structure  630  of the system rear cover  600  and a side surface of the display module  100 . Also, the system front cover  700  may include at least one sound emission pan  710  including a plurality of sound emission ports  710   a  and  710   b , which may overlap the border gap BG and may communicate the border gap BG with the outside. The system front cover  700  is as described above. Thus, its repetitive description is omitted. 
     The display apparatus  30  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protection member  900  between the display module  100  and the vibration module  400 . The protection member  900  may be on the vibration-generating device  410  of the vibration module  400 , directly facing a rear surface of the display module  100 . For example, the protection member  900  may have a size that may be greater than that of the vibration-generating device  410  of the vibration module  400 . The protection member  900  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as described above, may prevent or reduce the vibration-generating device  410  of the vibration module  400  from being damaged by a physical impact and/or an electrical impact, such as static electricity. For example, the protection member  900  may be a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, but is not limited thereto. 
     As another example, the protection member  900  may be on the rear surface of the display module  100 , facing the vibration module  400 . For example, the protection member  900  may be on the rear surface of the display module  100  facing the vibration module  400 , and may have a size that may be greater than that of the vibration-generating device  410  of the vibration module  400 . 
     The computing apparatus according to the present embodiment may have the same effect as that of the computing apparatus illustrated of each of the examples of  FIGS.  2  to  6   . The following embodiments described with reference to the examples of  FIGS.  8  to  13    may be combined with any of the embodiments described in reference to the examples of  FIGS.  1  to  7   . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an enclosure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates an enclosure and a vibration module on a vibration plate. With reference to  FIG.  8   , each of a first vibration-generating device  410  and a second vibration-generating device  430  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a pair of first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b , which may be parallel to a first direction X, and may each have a first length L 1 . Each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  may further include a pair of second sides S 2   a  and S 2   b , which may be parallel to a second direction Y intersecting the first direction X, and may each have a second length L 2 . For example, each of the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating dev ice  430  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have a rectangular shape in which the first length L 1  may be shorter than the second length L 2 . 
     The vibration plate  200  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first rear region and a second rear region, which may be parallel to each other. For example, a center of the first vibration-generating device  410  may be in a center region of the first rear region of the vibration plate  200 , and a center of the second vibration-generating device  420  may be in a center region of the second rear region of the vibration plate  200 . Therefore, the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  may be bilaterally symmetrical with each other with respect to a center of the vibration plate  200 . For example, the vibration plate  200  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first half (½) line HL 1 , a one-quarter (¼) line OQL, and a three-quarter (¾) line TQL, which may be parallel to the second direction Y, and a second half (½) line HL 2  parallel to the first direction X. The first half line HL 1  may be in a center of a widthwise-direction of the vibration plate  200 , and the second half line HL 2  may be in a center of a lengthwise-direction of the vibration plate  200 . For example, the center of the first vibration-generating device  410  may be at an intersection point of the second half line HL 2  and the ¼ line OQL, and the center of the second vibration-generating device  430  may be at an intersection point of the second half line HL 2  and the ¾ line TQL. Therefore, the first vibration-generating device  410  and the second vibration-generating device  430  may be symmetrical with each other with respect to the first half line HL 1  of the vibration plate  200 . 
     The enclosure  500  according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure may include a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530 . The first enclosure  510  may be between a rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the first vibration-generating device  410 . The first enclosure  510  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have a square shape with respect to a center of the first vibration-generating device  410 , and may surround the first vibration-generating device  410 , thereby preventing or attenuating a horizontal vibration or an undesired vibration, which may each occur in the first rear region of the vibration plate  200 , e.g., due to a damping effect. 
     With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D 1  between the first enclosure  510  and each of the second sides S 2   a  and S 2   b  of the first vibration-generating device  410  may be longer than each of a first length L 1  and a second length L 2  of the first vibration-generating device  410 . For example, the first distance D 1  may be longer than the second length L 2 , and two times shorter than (e.g., half of) the first length L 1 . For example, when the first distance D 1  between the first enclosure  510  and each of the second sides S 2   a  and S 2   b  of the first vibration-generating device  410  is shorter than each of the first length L 1  and the second length L 2  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , when an excessive damping effect is caused by the first enclosure  510  disposed relatively close to the first vibration-generating device  410 , the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  may not be sufficiently reduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less. 
     Also, when the first distance D 1  between the first enclosure  510  and each of the second sides S 2   a  and S 2   b  of the first vibration-generating device  410  is two times longer than the first length L 1  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , when a damping effect is reduced by the first enclosure  510  disposed relatively far away from the first vibration-generating device  410 , the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  may not be sufficiently reduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. 
     With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D 2  between the first enclosure  510  and each of the first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of the first vibration-generating device  410  may be longer than the first length L 1  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , and may be shorter than the second length L 2  of the first vibration-generating device  410 . For example, when the second distance D 2  between the first enclosure  510  and each of the first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of the first vibration-generating device  410  is shorter than the first length L 1  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , when an excessive damping effect is caused by the first enclosure  510  disposed relatively close to the first vibration-generating device  410 , the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  may not be sufficiently reduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less. 
     Also, when the second distance D 2  between the first enclosure  510  and each of the first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of the first vibration-generating device  410  is longer than the second length L 2  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , when a damping effect is reduced by the first enclosure  510  disposed relatively far away from the first vibration-generating device  410 , the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  may not be sufficiently reduced by harmonic distortion occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. 
     The second enclosure  530  may be between the rear surface of the display module  100  and the vibration plate  200 , and may surround the second vibration-generating device  430 . The second enclosure  530  according to an embodiment may have a square shape with respect to a center of the second vibration-generating device  430 , and may surround the second vibration-generating device  430 , thereby preventing or attenuating a horizontal vibration or an undesired vibration, which may each occur in the second rear region of the vibration plate  200  due to a damping effect. 
     With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D 1  between the second enclosure  530  and each of the second sides S 2   a  and S 2   b  of the second vibration-generating device  430  may be longer than each of a first length L 1  and a second length L 2  of the second vibration-generating device  430 . For example, the first distance D 1  may be longer than the second length L 2  and two times shorter than (e.g., half of) the first length L 1 . Here, when the first distance D 1  between the second enclosure  530  and each of the second sides S 2   a  and S 2   b  of the second vibration-generating device  430  is shorter than each of the first length L 1  and the second length L 2  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , or is two times longer than the first length L 1  of the first vibration-generating device  410 , as described above, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less or in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. 
     With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D 2  between the second enclosure  530  and each of the first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of the second vibration-generating device  430  may be longer than the first length L 1  of the second vibration-generating device  430 , and may be shorter than the second length L 2  of the second vibration-generating device  430 . For example, when the second distance D 2  between the second enclosure  530  and each of the first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of the second vibration-generating device  430  is shorter than the first length L 1  of the second vibration-generating device  430 , or is longer than the second length L 2  of the second vibration-generating device  430 , as described above, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less or in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. 
     The first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may each include first to fourth enclosing members  501  to  504 , each having a certain width and a line shape. Each of the first to fourth enclosing members  501  to  504  may be a double-sided adhesive tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and/or a double-sided foam tape. For example, a width of each of the first to fourth enclosing members  501  to  504  may be about 3 mm, but is not limited thereto. 
     The first enclosing member  501  may be spaced apart from the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  by the second distance D 2 , and may be in parallel with the first direction X. The first enclosing member  501  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have a third length L 3 , which may be longer than the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . 
     The second enclosing member  502  may be disposed in parallel with the first enclosing member  501 , with the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  therebetween. A width and a length of the second enclosing member  502  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be the same as or different from those of the first enclosing member  501 . 
     The third enclosing member  503  may be spaced apart from the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  by the first distance D 1 , and may be in parallel with the second direction Y. The third enclosing member  503  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have a fourth length L 4 , which may be longer than the second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . For example, the fourth length L 4  of the third enclosing member  503  may be the same as a distance between an outer surface of the second enclosing member  502  and an outer surface of the first enclosing member  501 , which may not face the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . Inner surfaces of both edges or peripheries of the third enclosing member  503  facing the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may contact one side surface of the first enclosing member  501  and one side surface of the second enclosing member  502 . 
     The fourth enclosing member  504  may be disposed in parallel with the third enclosing member  503 , with the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  therebetween. A width and a length of the fourth enclosing member  504  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be the same as or different from those of the third enclosing member  503 . For example, the fourth length L 4  of the fourth enclosing member  504  may be the same as a distance between an outer surface of the second enclosing member  502  and an outer surface of the first enclosing member  501 , which may not face the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . Inner surfaces of both edges or peripheries of the fourth enclosing member  504  facing the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may contact the other side surface of the first enclosing member  501  and the other side surface of the second enclosing member  502 . 
     With respect to the first direction X, a third distance D 3  between one end LE of the vibration plate  200  and the third enclosing member  503  of the first enclosure  510 , a fourth distance D 4  between the first half line HL 1  of the vibration plate  200  and the fourth enclosing member  504  of the first enclosure  510 , a fifth distance D 5  between the first half line HL 1  of the vibration plate  200  and the fourth enclosing member  504  of the second enclosure  530 , and a sixth distance D 6  between the other end RE of the vibration plate  200  and the third enclosing member  503  of the second enclosure  510  may be the same. With respect to the first direction X, the third to sixth distances D 3  to D 6  may be adjusted identically. Thus, vibrations generated in the first rear region and the second rear region of the vibration plate  200  may be separated from each other and a horizontal vibration region of the vibration plate  200  may be reduced, minimized, or removed. 
     The first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 15% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and may decrease, by less than 3%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example in which the enclosure  500  is not disposed. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates an enclosure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  9    illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a size of the enclosure illustrated in the example of  FIG.  8   . Hereinafter, therefore, only an enclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described. 
     With reference to the example of  FIG.  9   , a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530  according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure may each have a rectangular shape having a size that may be greater than that of the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  8   . For example, a third enclosing member  503  and a fourth enclosing member  504  of each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  may each have a fifth length L 5 , which may be longer than a second length L 2  of each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . The fifth length L 5  of each of the third enclosing member  503  and the fourth enclosing member  504  may be longer than a fourth length L 4  of each of the third enclosing member  503  and the fourth enclosing member  504 , each illustrated in  FIG.  5   . Each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 5% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less; may decrease, by 14% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to about 2 kHz; and may decrease, by less than 2%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example in which the enclosure  500  is not disposed. 
     With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D 1  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure and each of first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be longer than each of the first length L 1  and the second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and may be two times shorter than (e.g. half of) the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . When the first distance D 1  is shorter than each of the first length L 1  and the second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and is two times longer than the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , as described above, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less or in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. 
     With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D 2  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure and each of the first sides S 1   a  and S 1   b  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be 2.5 times the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  or may be 1.5 times the second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . For example, when the second distance D 2  is 2.5 times longer than the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , as described above, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic may be reduced in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less or in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates an enclosure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  10    illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying a size of the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  8   . Hereinafter, therefore, only an enclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described. 
     With reference to  FIG.  10   , a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530  according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure may each have a square shape that may be less in size than the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  8   . With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D 1  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the third embodiment and each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be longer than a first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and may be shorter than a second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D 2  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure and each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be shorter than the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , or may be half of the second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . 
     Each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 32% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and may decrease, by less than 2%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example in which the enclosure  500  is not disposed. 
       FIG.  11    illustrates an enclosure according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  11    illustrates an embodiment implemented by enlarging a size of the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  8   . Hereinafter, therefore, an enclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described. 
     With reference to  FIG.  11   , a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530  according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure may each have a square shape, which may be greater in size than the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  8   . With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D 1  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure and each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be longer than a second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and may be 2.5 times shorter than a first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D 2  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure and each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be longer than the second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , or may be two times shorter than the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . 
     Each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 63% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and may decrease, by less than 5%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example in which the enclosure  500  is not disposed. 
       FIG.  12    illustrates an enclosure according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  12    illustrates an embodiment implemented by enlarging a size of the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  8   . Hereinafter, therefore, only an enclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described. 
     With reference to  FIG.  12   , a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530  according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure may each have a square shape, which may be greater in size than the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  11   . With respect to a first direction X, a first distance D 1  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure and each of a plurality of vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be 1.5 times longer than a second length L 2  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 , and may be three times shorter than a first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . With respect to a second direction Y, a second distance D 2  between each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure and each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430  may be 2.5 times the first length L 1  of each of the vibration-generating devices  410  and  430 . 
     Each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 31% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less; may decrease, by less than 9%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to about 2 kHz; and may decrease, by less than 2%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example in which the enclosure  500  is not disposed. 
       FIG.  13    illustrates an enclosure according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
       FIG.  13    illustrates an embodiment where the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  9    may be disposed in a double structure. Hereinafter, therefore, an enclosure and elements relevant thereto will be described. 
     With reference to  FIG.  13   , a first enclosure  510  and a second enclosure  530  according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure may each include an external enclosure, having the same or a substantially similar size as that of the enclosure illustrated in  FIG.  9   , and an internal enclosure disposed between a vibration module and the external enclosure. Here, each of the external enclosure and the internal enclosure may have a rectangular shape. The center of the internal enclosure and the center of the external disclosure may be the same and/or may respectively correspond to a center of the first and second vibration-generating device. 
     Each of the first enclosure  510  and the second enclosure  530  according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease, by 18% or less, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less; may decrease, by less than 6%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to about 2 kHz; and may decrease, by less than 1%, the total harmonic distortion characteristic of the vibration plate  200  occurring in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and a sound quality characteristic of a full sound band may be enhanced compared to a comparative example in which the enclosure  500  is not disposed. 
       FIG.  14    illustrates a computing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     With reference to  FIG.  14   , the computing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in any of the examples of  FIGS.  1  to  13   , and may include an embedded speaker equipped in a system body  10 . A cross-sectional surface taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  14    is illustrated in each of the examples of  FIGS.  3  and  5  to  7   , and a cross-sectional surface taken along line II-II′ illustrated in  FIG.  14    is illustrated in the example of  FIG.  4   . 
     Therefore, a computing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may realize a stereo sound using a speaker sound SSW that may be output to a region next to a side of the system body by the embedded speaker equipped in the system body  10 , a panel sound PSW that may be directly output toward a forward region in front of the display panel  110  based on a vibration of the display panel  110 , which may be performed based on a vibration of each of a vibration module and a vibration plate, and an edge or periphery sound ESW that may be output toward the forward region in front of the display panel  110  through a border gap based on the vibration of the vibration plate. 
       FIG.  15    illustrates a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In the computing apparatuses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in any of the examples of  FIGS.  1  to  14   , the display apparatus  30  may be used as a display apparatus, such as a television (TV) and a monitor illustrated in  FIG.  15   , and moreover, may be used as a display apparatus, such as a navigation device, an electronic pad, or a tablet computer. A cross-sectional surface taken along line I-I′ illustrated in  FIG.  15    is illustrated in each of the examples of  FIGS.  3  and  5  to  7   , and a cross-sectional surface taken along line II-II′ illustrated in  FIG.  15    is illustrated in the example of  FIG.  4   . The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG.  15    may realize a stereo sound using a panel sound PSW that may be directly output toward a forward region in front of the display panel  110  based on a vibration of the display panel  110 , which may be performed based on a vibration of each of a vibration module and a vibration plate, and an edge or periphery sound ESW that may be output toward the forward region in front portion of the display panel  110  through a border gap based on the vibration of the vibration plate. 
       FIG.  16    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus according to a comparative example.  FIG.  17    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  18    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  19    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  20    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  21    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG.  22    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       FIGS.  17  to  22    are graphs showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a display apparatus including an enclosure according to each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present disclosure. The display apparatus according to the comparative example has a structure in which an enclosure is not provided near a vibration module. In  FIGS.  16  to  23   , the abscissa axis (e.g., x-axis) represents a frequency (Hz), and the ordinate axis (e.g., y-axis) represents a total harmonic distortion (THD) ratio (%). 
     With reference to  FIG.  16   , in the display apparatus according to the comparative example, it may be seen that a THD characteristic of 70.39% is shown in a sound band (or a sound frequency) of about 1.03 kHz, a THD characteristic of 7.02% is shown in a sound band of about 2.42 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 5% is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 1.15 kHz to about 2 kHz. Therefore, the sound pressure characteristic and sound quality of the display apparatus according to the comparative example is reduced due to a THD characteristic in each of a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less and in a sound band of about 2 kHz to 2.5 kHz. 
     With reference to  FIG.  17   , in the display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a first embodiment of the present disclosure) including the enclosure according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 13.52% is shown in a sound band of about 1.04 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of 10.60% is shown in a sound band of 1.16 kHz, a tertiary THD characteristic of 4.2% is shown in a sound band of 1.4 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 3% or 2% is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the first embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality are enhanced. 
     With reference to  FIG.  18   , in the display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a second embodiment of the present disclosure) including the enclosure according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 13.42% is shown in a sound band of 1.58 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of 12.04% is shown in a sound band of 1.63 kHz, a THD characteristic of 4% is shown in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and a THD characteristic of 2% or less is shown in a sound band of about 1.8 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the second embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that the second embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to 1.8 kHz, and has a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band other than the sound band of about 1.5 kHz to 1.8 kHz. Accordingly, the second embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. 
     With reference to  FIG.  19   , in the display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a third embodiment of the present disclosure) including the enclosure according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 37.79% is shown in a sound band of 1.06 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of 13.37% is shown in a sound band of 1.22 kHz, a tertiary THD characteristic of 11.5% is shown in a sound band of 1.43 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 2% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the third embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that the third embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, and has a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Accordingly, the third embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. 
     With reference to  FIG.  20   , in the display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure) including the enclosure according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 62.17% is shown in a sound band of 1.18 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of 4.39% is shown in a sound band of 1.4 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 2.5% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz or less, has a similar THD characteristic in a sound band of about 1.5 kHz to 3.5 kHz, and has a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band of 3.5 kHz or more. Accordingly, the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. 
     With reference to  FIG.  21   , in the display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure) including the enclosure according to the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 30.70% is shown in a sound band of 1.38 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of 8.81% is shown in a sound band of 1.69 kHz, a tertiary THD characteristic of 6.8% is shown in a sound band of 1.17 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 2% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound qualify are enhanced. Also, in comparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of a sound band of 1.38 kHz and in a sound band of 1.69 kHz, and has a similar THD characteristic and a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band other than the sound band of 1.38 kHz and the sound band of 1.69 kHz. Accordingly, the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. 
     With reference to  FIG.  22   , in the display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure) including the enclosure according to the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that a primary THD characteristic of 17.73% is shown in a sound band of 1.20 kHz, a secondary THD characteristic of 5.39% is shown in a sound band of 1.81 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 1% or less is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Therefore, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is reduced in a full sound band. Thus, a sound pressure characteristic and sound quality are enhanced. Also, in comparison with the first embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be seen that the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure has a relatively high THD characteristic in a sound band of about 2 kHz or less, and has a relatively low THD characteristic in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Accordingly, the sixth embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. 
       FIG.  23    is a graph showing experimental results of a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a computing apparatus according to a comparative example, and a total harmonic distortion characteristic of a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In  FIG.  23   , the abscissa axis (e.g., x-axis) represents a frequency, and the ordinate axis (e.g., y-axis) represents a THD characteristic. The computing apparatus according to the comparative example includes a display apparatus in which an enclosure is not provided near a vibration module. The computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the display apparatus including the enclosure according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     As illustrated in a dotted-line graph shown in  FIG.  23   , it may be seen that, in the computing apparatus according to the comparative example, a THD characteristic of 18% is shown in a sound band of about 1 kHz to 2 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 5% to 10% is intermittently shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. As illustrated in a solid-line graph shown in  FIG.  23   , it may be seen that, in the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic of 7% is shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz, and a THD characteristic of 5% or less is shown in a sound band of about 2 kHz or more. Also, in comparison with the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a relatively low THD characteristic is shown in a sound band of 1 kHz or less. 
     Therefore, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the enclosure near the vibration module. Thus, in comparison with the comparative example, a THD characteristic of the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be reduced in a full sound band. 
       FIG.  24    is a graph showing experimental results of a sound pressure characteristic of a computing apparatus according to a comparative example, and a sound pressure characteristic of a computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In  FIG.  24   , the abscissa axis (e.g., x-axis) represents a frequency (Hz) and the ordinate axis (e.g., y-axis) represents a sound pressure level (dB). Also, in  FIG.  24   , a dotted-line graph represents a sound pressure characteristic of the computing apparatus according to the comparative example, and a thick-solid-line graph represents a sound pressure characteristic of the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  24   , in comparison with the computing apparatus according to the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a THD characteristic is improved in a full sound band as shown in  FIG.  23   . Thus, a sound pressure characteristic is enhanced. For example, in comparison with the computing apparatus according to the comparative example, it may be seen that, in the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sound pressure characteristic in a sound band of 1 kHz increases by 8 dB to 9 dB. 
     Therefore, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the enclosure disposed near the vibration module. Thus, in comparison with the comparative example, a THD characteristic of the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be reduced in a full sound band, and the sound pressure characteristic and sound quality of the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be enhanced. 
     The display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to desktop personal computers (PCs), laptop PCs, netbook computers, workstations, navigation apparatuses, automotive navigation apparatuses, automotive display apparatuses, TVs, wall paper display apparatuses, signage apparatuses, game machines, notebook computers, monitors, cameras, camcorders, home appliances, etc. 
     The display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may vibrate the display module to output a sound toward a forward region in front of the display panel. Thus, the display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the same may output a high-quality sound of a broad sound band, may realize a sound field that may fully fill a whole screen, and may enhance an immersion experience of a viewer due to harmony (or match) between an image and a sound. The display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the same according to the present disclosure may thus improve a sound characteristic of a low-pitched sound band and/or a high-pitched sound band. 
     Moreover, when the display apparatus and the computing apparatus including the same according to the present disclosure each include the enclosure for preventing (or attenuating) a horizontal vibration of the vibration plate, the total harmonic distortion of the vibration plate may be reduced. Thus, sound quality and a sound pressure characteristic may be enhanced. 
     A display apparatus and a computing apparatus including the same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure the present disclosure will be described below. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display apparatus may include: a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, at least one vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apart from the at least one vibration module, the enclosure surrounding the at least one vibration module. 
     For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection member may surround the enclosure. For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a first air gap between the display module and the vibration plate, the first air gap including at least one second air gap surrounding the at least one vibration module. 
     For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the enclosure may include one or more of: a double-sided adhesive tape, a double-sided adhesive pad, and a double-sided foam pad. For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one vibration module may include a vibration-generating device attached to or provided on the vibration plate by an adhesive member, the vibration-generating device may include: a pair of first sides parallel to a first direction, each having a first length, and a pair of second sides parallel to a second direction intersecting the first direction, each having a second length, and a first distance between the enclosure and each of the pair of second sides of the vibration-generating device may be one to three times the first length, with respect to the first direction. 
     For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second distance between the enclosure and each of the pair of first sides of the vibration-generating device may be 0.5 to 1.5 times the second length, with respect to the second direction. For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the vibration-generating device, the first length may be shorter than the second length. 
     For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the enclosure may include: a first enclosing member spaced apart from the vibration-generating device, and in parallel with the first direction, a second enclosing member in parallel with the first enclosing member, with the vibration-generating device therebetween, a third enclosing member spaced apart front the vibration-generating device, and in parallel with the second direction, and a fourth enclosing member in parallel with the third enclosing member, with the vibration-generating device therebetween. For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration-generating device may include a piezoelectric material layer. 
     For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protection member on the rear surface of the display module, facing the at least one vibration module. For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protection member on the at least one vibration module. 
     For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display module may include: a panel guide configured to support the display panel, a backlight unit on the rear surface of the display panel, and a supporting cover configured to: support the panel guide, and accommodate the backlight unit, the vibration plate may be on a rear surface of the supporting cover, and each of the connection member and the enclosure may be between the rear surface of the supporting cover and the vibration plate. For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a protection member on the rear surface of the supporting cover, facing the at least one vibration module. For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the supporting cover may include an opening facing the at least one vibration module, and a size of the opening may be wider than a size of the at least one vibration module. 
     For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel may include a plurality of pixels, each including a respective light-emitting device, the vibration plate may be on the rear surface of the display panel, and each of the connection member and the enclosure may be between the rear surface of the supporting cover and the vibration plate. For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a system rear cover on a rear surface of the vibration plate with a third air gap therebetween, the system rear cover including: a rear structure covering the rear surface of the vibration plate, and a side structure surrounding a side surface of the display module, with a border gap therebetween. 
     For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a system front cover covering a periphery of a front surface of the display module and the border gap, the system front cover including at least one sound emission part overlapping the border gap. For example, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration plate may include one or more of: magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), an Al alloy material, a Mg alloy material, and a Mg-lithium (Li) alloy material. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a computing apparatus may include: a system body, a display apparatus, including: a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, a vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apart from the vibration module, the enclosure surrounding the vibration module, and a hinge part between the system body and the display apparatus, the hinge part being configured to rotatably support the display apparatus. For example, the computing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include an embedded speaker in the system body. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made in the present disclosure without departing from the technical idea or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it may be intended that embodiments of the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of the disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.