Patent Publication Number: US-5153491-A

Title: Main spindle control method

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a vector control method for a spindle motor, and more particularly, to a control method for a spindle motor capable of high-accuracy contour machining. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     It is known to perform vector control for speed control of a spindle motor mounted in a machine tool, which motor is comprised of a thee-phase induction motor, for instance. As shown in FIG. 2, a conventional vector control apparatus comprises a speed controller 1 operable to perform proportional-plus-integral control in accordance with a deviation between a speed command ωc and an actual speed ωor of a spindle motor (not shown) detected by a speed sensor (not shown) to thereby obtain a torque command Tc, and magnetic flux command means 2 for obtaining a magnetic flux command Φc in accordance with the torque command Tc and the motor speed ωr. 
     A curve (FIG. 3) which indicates the maximum value Φcmax of the magnetic flux command, represented as a function of the motor speed ωr, and the minimum value Φcmin of the magnetic flux command are set beforehand in the magnetic flux command means 2. The maximum magnetic flux command curve is set so as to take a fixed value Φmax in a region where the motor speed ωr is not higher than a magnetic flux attenuation starting speed ωp which corresponds to the DC link voltage of an inverter (not shown), and to give, in a region where the motor speed exceeds the value ωp, a maximum magnetic flux command Φcmax which is decreased as the motor speed increases. The magnetic flux command means 2 calculates the torque command Tc in accordance with equation (1), by using the maximum magnetic flux command Φcmax obtained from the maximum magnetic flux command curve in accordance wit the motor speed ωr, the torque command Tc, and the minimum magnetic flux Φcmin. As shown in FIG. 4, the magnetic flux command Φc changes in proportion to the square root of the torque command Tc, the command being equal to the maximum magnetic flux command Φcmax determined in dependence on the motor speed ωr when the torque command takes the maximum value Tcmax, and being equal to the minimum value Φcmin when the torque command is zero. 
     
         Φc=Tc/Tcmar .sup.1/2 ·(Φcmax-Φcmin)+Φcmin.(1) 
    
     Referring again to FIG. 2, secondary current command means 3 divides the torque command Tc supplied from the speed controller 1 by the magnetic flux command Φc supplied from the magnetic flux command means 2, thereby determining a secondary current command I2C. Magnetic flux current means 4 divides the magnetic flux command Φc by a constant k1, to determine a magnetic flux current command IO. In slip speed calculating means 5, the product of the secondary current command I2C and the rotor winding resistance R2 of the spindle motor is divided by the product of the magnetic flux command Φc and a constant k2, thereby obtaining a slip speed ωs. Driving frequency command means 6 adds the moor speed ωr to the slip frequency ωs, thereby obtaining a driving frequency ωO of the spindle motor. The vector control based on the secondary current command I2C, the magnetic flux current command IO, and the during frequency ωO delivered from the elements 3, 4 and 6, respectively, is executed by means of vector control means 7, whereby a primary current command IC is generated. Induced voltage estimating means 8 for respective phases (only one for one phase is shown in FIG. 2) calculate estimated induced voltages EO or the individual phases with a phase difference of 2π/3 from one another, in accordance with a constant k3 and the magnetic flux command Φc and the driving frequency ωO delivered from the elements 2 and 6, respectively. In current controllers 9 for the individual phases (only one for one phase is shown), a current feedback value I f  for each phase, detected by means of a current sensor (not shown), is subtracted for the primary current command Ic supplied from the element 7, whereby a voltage command Vc for each phase is generated. Then, pulse width modulation (PWM) processing is executed in accordance with a compensated voltage command Vc, obtained by adding the estimated induced voltage EO supplied from the element 8 to the voltage command Vc supplied form the element 9, and the spindle motor is driven through the medium of the inverter. 
     In the machine tool equipped with the vector control apparatus of FIG. 2, the spindle motor is driven in any desired mode including a low-speed operation mode, a high-speed operation mode, an orientation mode where the spindle is positioned for automatic tool replacement, and a control control mode (Cs contour control mode) for control machining of a workpiece mounted on the spindle. Conventionally, the torque command Φc is calculated in accordance with equation (1), irrespective of the drive mode of the spindle motor. Meanwhile, a magnetic flux actually produced in the spindle motor is subject to a delay behind the magnetic flux command Φc due to the presence of inductance. As a result, them toro speed is subject to irregularity, so that vibration occurs in the motor. In the high-speed operation mode or the orientation mode, the irregularity of the motor speed causes no substantial hindrance. In the low-speed operation mode, however, the irregularity of the motor speed attributable to the delay of the actual magnetic flux makes it difficult to effect positioning control with required accuracy. Also in the Cs control control mode, which requires accuracy about 100 times as high as the positioning accuracy for the orientation mode, control machining with the required accuracy sometimes cannot be achieved due to the delay of the actual magnetic flux. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a spindle motor control method capable of performing highly accurate position control of a spindle motor in a control control mode. 
     In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a spindle motor control method for effecting vector control of a spindle motor y changing a magnetic flux command value in dependence on a torque command value. This control method comprises the steps of: (a) determining whether or not a spindle motor is being driven in a contour control mode where a workpiece mounted on a spindle is subjected to contour machining while the spindle motor is being operated at low speed; and (b) fixing the magnetic flux command value to a predetermined fixed value during the contour control mode. 
     Since the magnetic flux command value is fixed to the predetermined fixed value during the contour control mode, as described above, the actual magnetic flux never changes even when the torque command changes, so that the spindle motor speed can be prevented from becoming irregular due to a change of the actual magnetic flux. Thus, the position control of the spindle motor can be highly accurately effected in the contour control mode, so that the contour machining can be executed with high accuracy. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a magnetic flux calculation process in a spindle motor control method according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a vector control apparatus; 
     FIG. 3 is graph showing a maximum magnetic flux command curve used in a conventional magnetic flux calculation process; and 
     FIG. 4 is a diagram for illustrating the conventional magnetic flux calculation process 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A spindle motor control method according to the present invention is embodied by a vector control apparatus (not shown), for instance, which includes a processor operable to fulfill, by means of software processing, the respective functions of various elements shown in FIG. 2. The vector control apparatus, which is mounted to, e.g., a machine tool (not shown), is arranged to drive a spindle of the machine tool in any drive mode including a normal speed control mode, an orientation mode, and a control control mode (Cs contour control mode), in accordance with a machining program, and load a built-in register thereof with code information which is indicative of the current drive mode specified by the machining program. 
     The processor for vector control is operable to execute a speed loop process at intervals of a predetermined period to thereby obtain a torque command Tc corresponding to the output of the speed controller 1 of FIG. 2, and to execute a magnetic flux calculation process of FIG. 1 in each processing period. 
     More specifically, the processor determines whether or not an actual motor speed ωr detected by a speed sensor (not shown), such as an encoder, is equal to or less than a magnetic flux attenuation starting speed ωp (Step S1). If the motor speed ωr is not higher than the value ωp, the maximum value Φcmax of a magnetic flux command is set at a predetermined value Φmax (Step S2). If the speed ωr exceeds the value ωp, the product of the magnetic flux attenuation starting speed ωp and the predetermined magnetic flux command value Φmax is divided by the motor speed ωr to calculate the maximum magnetic flux command Φcmax (Step S3), as indicated by equation (2). 
     
         Φcmax=ωp·Φmax/ωr.             (2) 
    
     Subsequently, the processor determines whether the current spindle motor drive mode is the normal speed control mode, or the orientation mode, or the Cs control control mode (Step S4). If the drive mode is the normal speed control mode or the orientation mode, the minimum value NRΦcmin or ORΦcmin of the command magnetic flux for this mode is loaded into a register A (Step S5 aor S6). Then, the magnetic flux command Φc is calculated in accordance with equation (1), by using the minimum magnetic flux NRΦcmin orORΦcmin, the torque command Tc obtained in the speed loop process, the maximum magnetic flux command Φcmax obtained in Step S2 or S3, and the maximum value Tcmax of the torque command. Whereupon, conventional vector control is executed in accordance with magnetic flux command Φc. 
     If it is concluded in Step S4 that the current drive mode is the Cs contour control mode, on the other hand, the processor sets the magnetic flux command Φc at a predetermined fixed value CFΦ for the Cs contour control mode, and then performs vector control in accordance with this predetermine value CFΦ. during the vector control, the actual magnetic flux never changes, and a delay of the actual magnetic flux relative to the magnetic flux command Φc(=CFΦ) is not caused. As a result, the spindle motor suffers neither irregularity in speed nor vibration, so that contour matching can be defected with high accuracy.