Patent Publication Number: US-7210774-B2

Title: Ink loader drip plate and heater

Description:
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/736,656, Brent R. Jones and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/736,654, Brent R. Jones et al, filed concurrently, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present invention relates to ink loaders for phase change ink printers, and more specifically to solid ink melters for such printers. 
     Ink can be deposited into the print head of a phase change printer in either a solid or a liquid state. The earliest printers produced by Tektronix required that solid ink sticks be inserted into a reservoir structure that was part of the print head. The ink was then melted in this structure. This did not allow the user to stage extra volumes of ink for use when needed by the printer. 
     Later, Brother, Tektronix, and Xerox phase change printers used an intermediate ink-loading device to store extra ink. The Brother printer deposited small pieces of solid ink into the reservoir where it was melted, solving the problem of a very limited supply of ink on board the printer. This implementation, however, still imposed the need for the print head unit to supply enough heat to melt the ink and consequently compromised temperature uniformity. Tektronix and Xerox products melted the ink first, depositing liquid ink into the reservoir, speeding the melt process and addressing the thermal uniformity issue. To melt the ink before it reaches the print head, these products used a fairly expensive ceramic hybrid heater using a positive temperature coefficient device in series with the heater to limit upper temperatures. This hybrid heater solution works well, but is costly. Also, the melt plate heater assembly cannot be bent and ends up being essentially flat, thereby limiting the ink loader position to directly above the receiving openings of the print head reservoir because the main drip plate is made of ceramic material. Ceramic material also has a relatively poor thermal conductivity in comparison to aluminum and other similar non ferrous metals, which reduces the melt speed and uniformity of the thermal energy spread over the typical short periods of heater on time during a melting operation. 
     Other areas exist where current melt plate assemblies may be improved. Existing melt plate assemblies lack upper flow control. Features to catch ink slivers are present under only a portion of an ink stick. Flanges or physical features to curb flow of the ink melt front at the top of the plate are not present, though ink may overflow this area. Ink overflowing at the top can lead to unintended drip locations. The current melt plate assemblies also suffer from a poor thermal connection between the melt plate, which the ink makes direct contact with and the heated drip plate, which directs the molten ink flow to the point of a tapered portion of the drip plate where it establishes a fairly precise gravity fed flow or drip path to the print head reservoir below. The single, large high temperature plastic adapter used to mount the melt plate assemblies onto the ink loader feed chute is very costly and requires complicated wire routings to make power connections to each of the 4 heaters, which all have different length wires. This adapter configuration results in the ink loader positioned relative to the print head such that tilt range is limited and inadequate clearance exists for desired print head insulation layers. 
     What is needed is a melt plate design that can take advantage of the thermal properties of aluminum, brass, copper or similar materials. The melt plate and heater should be formed so that a drip point can be established at a point other than on or near the melt plate or ink interface planes, allowing additional clearance between print head and ink loader. Heater technologies that allow a significant cost reduction to costs are also desirable. Features designed to catch ink slivers or prevent them from sliding off the drip plate without being melted should be configured so that they are small enough in size that they can be present over the full width of the stick. 
     Embodiments include a drip plate that is part of a melt plate assembly in a phase change ink jet printer using solid ink. The drip plate includes an upper portion having substantially flat upper first and second opposing sides, and a lower pointed portion having substantially flat lower first and second opposing sides. The lower portion is not coplanar with the upper portion. The drip plate can be fastened to a melt plate. The ink side surface of the drip or the melt plate can include cutouts anchor tabs, and a sliver strainer located near a lower edge of the drip or melt plate. A flange may extend upwards from the upper portion of the drip plate to block ink overflow. 
    
    
     
       Various exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a color printer with the printer top cover closed. 
         FIG. 2  is an enlarged partial top perspective view of the printer of  FIG. 1  with the ink access cover open. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of a drip plate. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of the melt assembly including a melt plate and a drip plate. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a drip plate and an exemplary embodiment of a melt plate. 
         FIG. 6  is an exploded view of a melt plate assembly including an adapter. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the melt plate assembly and adapter when assembled. 
         FIG. 8  is an exploded view of an ink loader. 
         FIG. 9  is a top plan view of a surface of an exemplary embodiment of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater. 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-section through line  9 — 9  of the PTC heater of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 11  shows another exemplary embodiment of a drip plate including a schematic of an internal heating device. 
     
    
    
       FIG. 1  discloses an exemplary embodiment of a solid ink or phase change printer  10  having an ink access cover  20 .  FIG. 1  shows the ink access cover  20  in a closed position in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the printer  10  With its ink access cover  20  raised. The printer  10  includes an ink load linkage element  30 , and an ink suck feed assembly or ink loader  16 . A key plate or key plates  18  are positioned within the printer over a chute divided into multiple feed channels  25 . In the embodiment illustrated in claim  1 , multiple key plates  18  are shown. The key plates  18  include insertion openings or receptacles  24 . Each of the four ink colors has a dedicated channel for loading, feeding, and melting in the ink loader. The channels  25  guide the solid ink sticks toward the melt plate assemblIes  70  located at the opposite end of the channels from the key plate insertion opening. These melt plate assemblies  70  are shown in  FIGS. 3–8 .  FIG. 8  is an exploded view of the channels  25  and the heat plate assemblies  70 . They melt the ink and feed it into the individual ink color reservoirs within a print head (not shown) inside the printer  10 . 
     In the raised position, the attached ink load linkage element  30  pivots and causes the sliding yoke  17  to be positioned at the rear of the channels  25 , disclosing the ink stick openings  24  in the key plates  18 . The ink load linkage  30  is pivotally attached to the ink access cover  20  and a yoke  17 . When the access cover  20  is raised, the pivot arms  22  pull on the pivot pins of the yoke and cause it to slide back to a clear position beyond the ink insertion openings  24 , thereby allowing ink to be inserted through The ink insertion openings into the ink loader. Yoke  17  is coupled to the chute such that it Is able to slide from the rear to the front of the chute (toward the melt plates) above the key plates  18  as the ink access cover Is closed. Ink stick push blocks are linked to the yoke so that this movement of the yoke  17  assists in moving the individual ink sticks  12  forward In the feed channels  25  toward the melt plates  60 . Hook features on the yoke  17  allow it to snap in place on the channel side flanges when positioned beyond the normal range of motion, where even in that forced position, it remains clipped to the channel flanges with partial overlap. 
     Preloading of each color row of ink sticks against the corresponding melt plate  60  is facilitated by use of constant force springs (not shown) acting on push blocks which push the individual ink sticks  12  toward the drip plates  29 , as seen in  FIG. 2 . The springs are wound on rotatable drums (not shown) housed in the push blocks. 
     The anchored end of the springs are attached to the yoke  17  which is connected to the top cover  20  through the ink load linkage element  30  of  FIG. 1 . The ends of the yoke  17  are captivated to the key plates  18  by hook shaped ends so as to provide a linear slide along the opposing sides of the key plates  18 . 
     The foregoing description of an exemplary ink stick loader should be sufficient for the purposes of the presently described heat plate assembly. For a further description of ink stick feed loaders, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,734,402, 5,861,903, 6,056,394 and 6,572,225. 
       FIGS. 3–8  illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a melt plate assembly  70 . Each assembly  70  includes a drip plate  29  a heating mechanism  85  and an adapter  80 . In embodiments, and historically, the assembly has also included a separate melt plate as shown in  FIGS. 4–6 . In these embodiments, one surface of the melt plate is fastened to one surface of the drip plate. Methods of fastening include, for example, welding, riveting, and bonding. 
     In embodiments, the drip plate  29  (and melt plate  60 , if one is used) is metallic. Specifically, the plate(s) could be made of a non-ferrous metal such as, for example, aluminum, brass, or copper. These materials are good because they allow greater flexibility in physical characteristics of the drip plate. In addition, these metals conduct heat better, which is important in embodiments where the heating mechanism is on the other side of the drip plate from the ink stick. Alternatively, the drip plate  29  could be made of plastic, the advantages of which are discussed in reference to  FIG. 11 . 
     The ink side of the melt assembly  70  has been configured so that it contains melting ink and reduces the possibility of molten ink coming into contact with the support structure at the edges of the drip plate  29 , which can lead to a gradual build-up of stalactites/stalagmites of solidified ink. Such a build-up could eventually jam the ink sticks  12  and prevent contact of the ink stick with the heater, causing a failure of the ink load system to deliver ink to the reservoir when called upon to do so. 
     To help prevent this problem, embodiments of the ink side of melt assembly  70  includes a flange  72  at each side or have partially elongated protruding bent sides that limit the ability of ink sticks to slide sideways. In embodiments with separate drip plates  29  and melt plates  60 , the flanges  72  would preferably be a part of the melt plate  60  as shown in  FIGS. 4–5 . These flanges  72  also prevent the flow of molten ink from coming into contact with the melt plate assembly support structure. 
     As shown In  FIGS. 4–6 , the melt plates  60  can Include a plurality of anchor tabs  46  or sliver control tabs  48  or a combination thereof. As a group, these surface features help maintain the tentative bond between ink and melt plate needed to prevent Ink chunk and break-off chips from causing printer cleanliness and functional problems. Melt plates having tabs such as these are disclosed in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,530,655. 
     It should be understood that the shapes represented in  FIGS. 4 and 5  serve to clarify intended function and placement but could be produced in a variety of sizes, forms and location or pattern configurations.  FIG. 5  shows an embodiment of a melt plate, which fastens to a drip plate, that includes two pairs of anchor tabs  46 , two relatively large cut out portions  44 , and an elongated row of sliver control tabs or sliver strainer  48  running a substantial portion of the width of the melt plate  60 . However, other configurations are certainly possible. 
     As should be clear anchor tabs  46 , and sliver strainer  48  could all be part of the drip plate  29  as well.  FIG. 3  illustrates a drip plate having anchor tabs  46  and sliver strainer  48 . In melt assembly embodiments having a drip plate  29  and a melt plate  60 , the melt plate is supplied with large cutout portions  44  to increase heat transfer from the heater, through the drip plate, to the ink stick. 
     The anchor tabs  46  are included to hold ink sticks in place while the loader and or printer is moved. In embodiments, the anchor tabs  46  are located inside the area of the melt plate  60  that the ink stick  12  contacts. When the ink is solidified the ink stick is securely adhered to the melt plate  60  and is not likely to come loose when exposed to shock and vibration, thereby also not aggravating the tendency for melt front chips to break free. The anchor tabs  46  can also serve the concurrent purpose of adding significant heated surface area to which the ink is exposed when the loader is in use, thereby increasing the melt rate. In systems with simply a drip plate, the anchor tabs would preferably be located near the center of the drip plate  29 . 
     In embodiments, the sliver strainer is a row of sliver control tabs  48  that are narrow, upturned catch tabs that have been added to the lower edge of the melt plate  60  to serve as catches for separated ink sections or slivers. Placed in the flow path of melting ink, the sliver control tabs  48  impede moving ink slivers from sliding off the melt plate  60  as large chunks. In embodiments, these tabs  48  have a width and spacing between approximately 1 mm and approximately 4 mm. The sliver control tabs  48  are spread over nearly the full width of the melt plate so that large or small slivers forming at or sliding to any region within the side flange boundary of the melt plate will be held so the ink can melt without sliding off the plate. The sliver control tabs  48  function like a strainer, hence the group will also be referred to as the silver strainer  48 . The sliver strainer geometry can also be created by bending up a tab or flange that has an array of slots or holes.  FIG. 3  shows a drip plate  29  having a sliver strainer  48  for single plate embodiments. 
     The combination of appropriately sized and shaped cutouts  44 , protrusions  46 , and control tabs  48  is the preferred way to produce anchoring as they can be added to a melt plate forming tool without resulting in appreciable cost increases. Roughing the surface would also provide a bonding benefit and might be employed, though the process would add to costs and could cause undesirable burrs or add particulate matter to the back side where they might degrade the thin electrical insulation film. 
     The drip plate  29  also includes a drip plate point or drip point that can be configured in any fashion that causes ink to drip or flow from a desired location. This could be literally a point, but more typically would be a narrow or tapered shape that may have a flat or rounded portion at the end. 
     In embodiments, the drip plate  29  has a lower portion  74  that is not coplanar with the upper portion  76  and includes the drip plate point. See  FIGS. 3 and 4 . The bent tip  74  directs ink flow so that it “reaches” out over a reservoir, such as, for example, a print head reservoir (not shown). The bent tip  74  allows the ink loader to be positioned well back from the upper portion of a tilted print head. This is useful because the print head itself will often be wrapped in insulation, which can interfere with the ink loader when the head tilts between its maintenance, standby, and parked positions. Having a separation between the loader and the print head yields greater flexibility in printer design. 
     It is also possible for ink to flow over the top of the melt plate assembly. To help prevent this from occurring, either plate can be configured to have a bent upper flange that extends upward to block any potential flow of melted ink from behind the melt plate  60 . In embodiments, the drip plate  29  and the melt plate  60  have an upper flange  78  that extends over the ink interface surface of the melt plate  60  as shown in  FIGS. 3–5 . In single plate embodiments, the flange extends over the ink interface surface of the drip plate. 
     In two plate embodiments, the melt plate assembly includes direct face to face contact between the drip plate  29  and the melt plate  60 . As described elsewhere in this description, the melt plate has side flanges that limit the spread of the melt flow toward the sides and anchor features that grip or anchor the ink when the melt front is solidified. In embodiments, the upper region of the side flow flanges incorporate an interlocking feature that causes the melt plate and drip plate to be properly positioned and aligned with one another when they are coupled. The plates can be bonded, secured with tabs or other means, riveted, or, preferably, spot welded together, further improving the thermal energy conductivity between them. 
     The melt or drip plate, but preferably the drip plate, can further have notched or extending features at the sides for positioning and mounting interface to the ink feed chute or another component of the ink loader assembly. 
     Instead of a single expensive monolithic adapter, the present design includes four smaller identical units  80  that couple each of the heated melt plate assemblies  70  to its corresponding ink loader channel  25 . Melt plate adapters  80  position and retain the drip plates  29  and melt plates  60 . The adapters  80  are offset a desired distance from the front of each channel  25 . The melt plate adapters  80  mount to each channel  25  and function as a safety barrier against high temperature and voltage by enclosing the top, front and sides of the melt plate area. These individual adapters  80  are typically made of high temperature plastic. Each of the four (one for each channel) melt plate assemblies  70  are identical and use the same length wire, adding to the cost savings over the existing design. The adapters  80  also have features that allow the drip plate to easily clip into place and mounting tabs that clip into place on the front of the ink loader chute. For example, a retaining clip  82  is shown that holds the drip plate in position and also engages features in the chute to hold the melt assembly in place. The adapters also may incorporate features with a variety of different configurations to secure the heater thermistor and/or fuse, route and secure cabling and provide strain relief to the cables so the point of their attachment is not stressed. Additionally, the adapter can include features to attach a separate low mass clip that could be used to secure heaters or heater components. 
     Multiple methods of heating the melt plate  60  can be used. In prior phase change devices, the heating apparatus was located on the same side of the drip plate  29  as the ink sticks. However, traditional heating mechanisms still leave room for improvement. It is desirable to use alternative approaches to the expensive hybrid heaters on ceramic material used in current printers. In embodiments, the heating element can be located on the side  84  of the drip plate  29  opposite the ink sticks. See  FIG. 4 . In  FIG. 4 , heating element  85  contacts the surface of drip plate  29 . The other surface of the drip plate contacts the melt plate  60 , which in turn contacts the ink stick  12 . In embodiments, the heating element  85  will be bonded to a first surface of the drip plate  29  and the ink sticks will contact a melt plate  60  bonded to a second surface of the drip plate  29 . In embodiments without a heat plate, the ink sticks will contact the second surface of the drip plate directly. 
     One drip plate heater technology that could be used is a closed loop heater where a thermocouple or thermistor  98  is used to monitor temperature. This type of heater might also use a thermal fuse  99  to ensure a safe upper limit to the heater device. This type of heater adds to the cost of the printer due to the use of electrical components and wiring connections that sense and monitor the temperature, but as a whole this added cost is minimal and can be offset by the efficiency benefit and lower mass of applicable heaters. The most efficient and lowest mass heater technology is a foil heater encapsulated within a thin electrically insulative material  88 , such as, for example, Kapton film. This light weight, flexible heater can be bonded onto the drip plate surface and will follow reasonable 3D surface topography, so is ideal for the new formed drip plate of the present concept. See  FIGS. 4–6 . Silicone heaters are likewise suitable, although these have a higher mass and are less efficient due to increased thermal resistance between the heater and plate. 
     Another heater technology that can be employed is a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device  86  used singularly as the heating means. In previous melt plate assemblies, a PTC device was used to limit the temperature of a non PTC primary heating element. However, a PTC device with the correct properties can be used a heating device itself. A PTC heater  86  would work well in conjunction with the melt and drip plate assembly  70  described herein. Useful PTC heating devices typically have a fairly low electrical resistance at room temperature that sharply increases at some higher target temperature. When a PTC heater reaches the target temperature, the wattage is lowered so dramatically that the temperature of the plate to which the PTC is coupled is sustained or even drops. Such heating devices would be self-regulating. The primary benefit of using a PTC heater in a printer ink loader for pre-melting ink is its low cost and safe operation, since the upper temperature of such a device is self limiting. 
     The appropriate PTC material to be used will of course depend upon a number of factors, including, but not necessarily limited to, the environmental temperature, the ability of the melt plate assembly to transfer heat, the size and shape of the ink blocks, the melting temperature of the ink blocks, the amount of surface area contact between the melt plate assembly and the PTC material and between the melt plate assembly and the ink sticks, the thermal coefficient of the material and the mass of the material included, and the manner in which a current is passed through the PTC material. 
     In embodiments, the system environment within phase change ink printers is around 60° C. In some cases, such as where a printing device has recently been started, after a lengthy downtime, ambient temperature may only be between 20° and 60° C. In order to initiate melt as soon as possible after power up, the power dissipated by the PTC material at lower temperatures should be relatively high. In embodiments, the PTC material would dissipate on average about 75 Watts within a temperature range of about 30° to about 105° C. In embodiments, an output of about 50 Watts is used to maintain steady state melting of the ink sticks at a predetermined targeted drip rate which requires a PTC temperature of about 160° C. The PTC surface temperature will typically have to be more than that necessary to sustain the ink melt temperature. In normal operation, the melt plate will not attain the maximum PTC Surface Temperature because of the energy being consumed by the melt process and to a lesser extent, losses through radiation, conduction and convection. In embodiments, the PTC surface is about 50° warmer than the 110° needed to maintain steady melting of ink sticks. Ink temperature continues to rise before it drips off the drip plate. In embodiments, the target drip temperature is about 125° C. and not more than about 140° C. The PTC reduces power to about 10 Watts or less when the temperature is from about 190° to about 200° C. This upper end is important. There are situations where a melter may be active and no ink will be in contact with the heated melt plates. In these cases, it is important that the limit temperature be between 190 and 200° C. to prevent damage to structural components. Additionally, temperatures of over 200° C. can damage the ink. In embodiments, the PTC material is supplied with the equivalent of 87VAC-RMS. Peak voltage can range from 87 to 277 Volts. 
     The PTC heating device  86  could be soldered, bonded or held against the electrically conductive drip plate with external force, such as with a mounting clip or an external spring. The mass of a PTC heater is high relative to the mass of some other kinds of heaters and its mass, along with that of any mounting implements used, tends to reduce the efficiency of the heated system. Therefore, to reduce the total mass associated with using a PTC heater  86 , the heater can be implemented using a “single sided” fabrication method. See  FIGS. 8–9 . In such a method, a PTC composition is placed over an alternating conductive grid such that current passes through the semiconductor material nearly in parallel with the surface having the PTC coating or element. 
       FIG. 9  shows an exemplary grid pattern that could be used. Two intertwining conductive traces  92 ,  94  are overlaid on a surface of a PTC material  90  such that they do not contact each other. The terminus of one trace  92  connects to one part of a circuit and the terminus of the other trace  94  connects to the remainder of the circuit. The potential difference between these two ends of the circuit is sufficient to allow current to flow through the PTC material such that its temperature increases. See  FIG. 10 . The conductor coatings are placed on the surface of the PTC material  90  contacting the surface of the drip plate  29 . If the drip plate is made of some conductive material, such as, for example, aluminum, the drip plate will short the connection between the two conductive coatings unless some preventative measure is taken. For example, a passivation layer  96 , i.e., a coating of some nonconductive or low conductive material can be placed over the conductor coatings to prevent electrical conduction through the drip plate. The PTC heating device  86  can then be bonded to the surface of the drip plate  29 . 
     A PTC heating device would work well with a specialized drip/melt plate herein referred to as a drip panel  100 , such as that shown in  FIG. 11 . A melt and delivery system that is highly integrated can be accomplished by incorporating molten ink containment and directional flow and delivery location control into a common component. This embodiment will be referred to as a drip panel for convenience but could also be called a drip plate or melt plate. The drip panel  100  incorporates features previously found in the combination of drip and melt plates of earlier designs with other new features. This highly integrated system could provide multiple benefits such as component cost reduction, assembly ease, inherent electrical shock safety and expanded flexibility in designing ever more complex and purposeful supplementary features for mounting, thermal isolation, cable routing, solidified ink stick and solidified ink melt front retention, ink stick positional control at the melt panel interface and so forth. 
     These benefits are accomplished by using high temperature plastic, with or without metallic or other external platings, to form the melt panel and supplementary features into a single integrated unit. Various heater technologies could be incorporated with greater flexibility with this approach as well. The heater  85  could be held against the desired face and be retained and/or clamped by posts, clips, guides, clamps or similar features formed into the melt panel. Heater  85  could also be bonded to the desired face of panel. The heater  85  could be inserted into an open or closed slot  102  or pocket in the panel. Rather than be inserted through slot  102 , the heater  85  could also be insert molded into the panel  100  itself. 
     Heating technologies applicable to this melt panel concept would include, but not be limited to, ceramic, wire and mica, foil, silicon, PTC and heater hybrid, sandwiched PTC and single sided PTC devices. The preferred heating technology would be a single sided PTC device as previously described. 
     Form or configuration flexibility is potentially high with a plastic melt panel. Ink flow channels, retention features, melt rate considerations by ink stick area location (more heat at edges or center, as example) and flow direction to almost any appropriately configured delivery feature, such as an angled or curved drip point, can all be optimized. The panel  100  can be essentially flat with respect to the ink delivery location or drip point relative to one of the panel faces or it could have considerable topography, including an ink delivery location non planar with the panel faces. 
     Drip or melt plate configurations could have holes or perforations  104  allowing or encouraging ink to flow to the side opposite the side ink sticks are directed toward. In  FIG. 11 , the holes  104  actually pass into a cavity where ink can then drip down the other side of the bent lower portion. With the plastic melt panel, the potential advantages of the holes  104  can be achieved or improved by creating channels, ribs and the like in the interior portion. Of course, holes through the drip plate must avoid the heating mechanism. In  FIG. 11  the internal heating element can be positioned so that it does not interfere with the passage of ink through the holes  104 . 
     While holes are shown only in the particular embodiment  104  illustrated in  FIG. 11 , holes shown may be present in any of the drip plates  29  or melt plates  60  shown and described herein. As discussed earlier cutout portions  44  may be desirable in the melt plate of a two plate assembly. Holes  104  through a drip plate or through a melt plate and drip plate combination could be used for a variety of reasons. For example, the presence of holes increases the surface area of the drip plate, thereby increasing melt flow. Further, holes could be used to control the temperature of the ink. A passage through the drip plate may increase or decrease the temperature of the ink depending on the length of the passage and the particular path; e.g., ink could be selectively routed toward or away from heating sources. The pathways will be limited in some melt assemblies as the heating mechanism may get in the way. Holes  104  also help limit the spread of ink about the contact point between the ink stick and the drip or melt plate. By giving it a channel to flow through, there is less chance for ink to be spilled off to the sides or around the plate. This allows the use of a narrower melt panel. Finally, the presence of holes through the plate reduces the opportunity for molten ink to bridge backward into contact with the ink stick chute or feed channels. 
     A variety of materials could be considered for the melt panel, including, but not limited to: Poly-amide-imide, Polyarylether, Polyarylsulfone, Polyetheretherketone, Polyimide, Polyphenylene Oxide, Polyphenylene Sulfide, Polysulfone and various compounded plastics. Cost, material compatibility with the specific ink formulation in use, moldability in the various panel configurations and temperature range of operation would be the biggest factors in material selection. PPS (Polyphenylene Sulfide) and high temperature nylon compounds would be among of the more preferred materials. 
     In addition to the previously mentioned heating mechanisms, other heaters exist that may be used. For example, another drip plate heater technology that could be used is a thick film on ceramic substrate. In embodiments, this includes bonding a very thin unit onto the drip plate in an area that is chiefly flat. Pass through passages or holes through the drip plate would be possible in the flat areas of the drip plate where the heating unit was not bonded. Another heater technology alternative is resistance wire wound over and enclosed by mica. This type of heater could be partially encircled with a thin aluminum backing, providing structural support and a thermally conductive surface to transfer heat to the drip plate. 
     All these and other heater technologies lend themselves to use in this closed loop, actively controlled and/or thermally fused solid ink melt plate application. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. It is intended to encompass alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, including substantial equivalents, similar equivalents, and the like, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention. All patent applications, patents and other publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.