Patent Publication Number: US-2021187898-A1

Title: Laminated structure and method for producing the same

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/092,821, filed Oct. 11, 2018, which is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 and claims the benefit of PCT Application No. PCT/JP2017/012028 having an international filing date of 24 Mar. 2017, which designated the United States, which PCT application claimed the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-084243 filed 20 Apr. 2016, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a laminated structure and a method for producing the same. 
     In a structure in which a wiring layer is formed on a substrate, the substrate and the wiring layer are often coated with an insulating layer. Sometimes the insulating layer has a seam therein which extends from a part (or the vicinity thereof) at which the wiring layer rises from the substrate, as a start point. This seam allows chemicals, water, and undesirable gas to infiltrate therethrough, which is detrimental to reliability. 
     Means to address this problem is known as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. H7-221179. The disclosure covers a method for producing a semiconductor device, the method including a step of forming a first layer of an interlayer insulating film on a metal wiring layer formed on a semiconductor substrate, a step of performing etch back by isotropic etching on the first layer of the interlayer insulating film, a step of forming a second layer of an interlayer insulating film on the first layer of the interlayer insulating film which has undergone etch back, and a step of planarizing the surface of the second layer of the interlayer insulating film by chemical polishing. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     [PTL 1] 
     Japanese Patent Laid-open No. H7-221179 
     SUMMARY 
     Technical Problem 
     The technology disclosed in the patent literature that the seam formed in the first layer does not extend into the second layer because the second layer is formed on the first layer after the first layer has undergone etch back by isotropic etching. In fact, however, this is not true. The etch back that is performed on the first layer by isotropic etching before the second layer is formed on the first layer causes the second seam to be formed in the second layer, with the second seam growing from a part (or the vicinity thereof) at which the first layer rises on the semiconductor substrate. Consequently, the second seam leads to the first seam, and this permits chemicals, water, and undesirable gas to migrate from the first seam to the second seam, thereby adversely affecting reliability. 
     It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a laminated structure and a method for producing the same, with the laminated structure being so configured as to securely prevent a raised portion from communicating with the outside through seams. 
     Solution to Problem 
     The present disclosure to address the foregoing problem discloses a laminated structure including: 
     a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; and 
     a second layer covering the first layer, 
     in which a first seam is formed inside the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside the second layer, starting from a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam and the second seam are discontinuous. 
     The present disclosure to address the foregoing problem also discloses a method for producing a laminated structure, the method including: 
     a first step of forming a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; 
     a second step of anisotropically etching the first layer to remain on the substrate and on a top face and a side face of the raised portion, after the first step; and 
     a third step of forming a second layer covering the first layer, after the second step, 
     in which a first seam is formed inside the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside the second layer, starting from a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam and the second seam are discontinuous. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     The present disclosure which relates to a laminated structure and a method for producing the same brings about the following effects. The laminated structure has its raised portion surely saved from chemicals, water, and undesirable gas entering the seams from the outside because the first seam and the second seam are discontinuous. This makes the laminated structure highly reliable. Note that the foregoing effects are merely exemplary and there may be additional effects. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are partly cutout schematic sectional views depicting respectively a laminated structure according to Example 1 and a laminated structure according to a modification of Example 1. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are partly cutout schematic sectional views depicting a laminated structure according to additional modifications of Example 1. 
         FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C  are partly cutout schematic sectional views, each depicting a method for producing a laminated structure according to Example 1. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are partly cutout schematic sectional views depicting steps of the method that follow the step depicted in  FIG. 3C  for producing a laminated structure according to Example 1. 
         FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C  are partly cutout schematic sectional views, each depicting a method for producing a laminated structure according to Example 2. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are partly cutout schematic sectional views depicting steps of the method that follow the step depicted in  FIG. 5C  for producing a laminated structure according to Example 2. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The present disclosure will be described below on the basis of embodiments with reference to the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and the various numerical values and materials in the embodiments are illustrative. The description proceeds in the order depicted below. 
     1. General description of laminated structure and method for producing the same according to present disclosure
 
2. Example 1 (for laminated structure and method for producing the same according to present disclosure)
 
3. Example 2 (modification of Example 1)
 
     4. Others 
     &lt;General Description of Laminated Structure and Method for Producing the Same According to Present Disclosure&gt; 
     In the laminated structure and the method for producing the same, A first layer and a second layer have a first seam and a second seam therein respectively, such that an end point of the first seam is above a starting point of the second seam, with these two points being preferably equal to or more than 5 nm apart. The first seam ends at its end point, which exists on the boundary between the first and second layers. 
     The substrate may be selected from various ones, each including insulation materials, conductive materials, and semiconductor materials. The raised portion may be a wiring layer including conductive material, various members (various components) included in a transistor, and various members (various components), such as photoelectric converter, included in a light emitting element or a receiving element and an optical sensor or an image sensor. Occasionally, the raised portion may be something originating from a foreign material present on the substrate. The raised portion may have a thickness (or height) ranging from 5×10 −8  to 1×10 −6  m, for example, without specific restrictions. 
     The substrate may be any one including glass, glass with an insulating film formed thereon, quartz, quartz with an insulating film formed thereon, a silicon semiconductor substrate, a silicon semiconductor substrate with an insulating film formed thereon, various compound semiconductor substrates, a metal substrate including various alloys such as stainless steel or various metals. Incidentally, the insulating film may be a silicon oxide-based material, such as SiO x  and spin-on glass (SOG), silicon nitride (SiN Y ), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), metal oxide, or metal salt. The substrate may also be a conductive substrate with an insulating film formed thereon (such as substrate including metal, like gold and aluminum, or highly oriented graphite). Examples of the substrate may include an organic polymer including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl phenol (PVP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The substrate of organic polymer may be a flexible substrate including a plastic film, a plastic sheet, or a plastic substrate. Using the substrate having such a flexible polymer enables an electronic device to be incorporated or integrated in an electronic apparatus having a curved surface. A silanol derivative may be formed on a front face of the substrate by the silane coupling method, a thin film including a thiol derivative, a carboxylic acid derivative, a phosphoric acid derivative or the like may be formed on the front face of the substrate by the SAM method or the like, and a thin film including an insulating metal salt or metal complex may be formed on the front face of the substrate by the CVD method or the like, thereby enhancing the adhesiveness between the substrate and the raised portion. 
     Alternatively, examples of the substrate may include inorganic insulating materials including such metal oxides and metal nitrides, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride (SiN Y ), silicon oxynitride (SiON), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum-hafnium oxide (HfAlO 2 ), silicon-hafnium oxide (HfSiO), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), lanthanum oxide (La 2 O), and metal silicates such as HfSiO, HfSiON, ZrSiO, AlSiO, and LaSiO. The materials derived from silicon oxide include silicon oxide (SiO X ), BPSG, PSG, BSG, AsSG, PbSG, and SOG (spin-on-glass). The inorganic insulating material may be an inorganic insulating material which includes one or more than one constituent. The substrate of inorganic insulating material may be of single layer structure or multiple layer structure, and it may be formed by the PVD method or the CVD method. 
     Alternatively, examples of the substrate may include organic insulating materials such low-dielectric materials as polyarylether, cycloperfluorocarbon polymer and benzocyclobutene, cyclic fluororesin, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated aryl ether, fluorinated polyimide, amorphous carbon, and organic SOG; polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyvinyl phenol (PVP); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); polyimide; polycarbonate (PC); polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polystyrene; silanol derivatives (silane coupling agents) such as N-2(aminoethyl)3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS); and organic polymers exemplified with linear aromatic hydrocarbons, including octadecanethiol and dodecylisocyanate, which have a terminal functional group capable of bonding to a conductive material. The foregoing organic insulating materials may be used in combination with one another. The substrate including the foregoing organic insulating materials is formed by any one of the PVD method, the CVD method, the spin-coating method, the coating method, the sol-gel method, the electrodeposition method, the shadow mask method, and the spray method. 
     Alternatively, examples of the substrate may include such conductive materials as metallic materials such as aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), silver (Ag), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), iron (Fe), platinum (Pt), and zinc (Zn); alloys and compounds containing the foregoing metallic elements, which are exemplified by nitrides such as TiN and silicides such as WSi 2 , MoSi 2 , TiSi 2 , and TaSi 2 ; semiconductors such as silicon (Si), and transparent conductive materials. The substrate may be of single-layer or multi-layer structure. The transparent conductive materials include those containing indium atoms listed below: indium oxide, indium-tin oxide (ITO, containing Sn-doped In 2 O 3 , crystalline or amorphous ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO), indium-gallium oxide (IGO), indium-doped gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO or In—GaZnO 4 ), and IFO (F-doped In 2 O 3 ). The transparent conductive materials further include, as a base layer, the following: tin oxide (SnO 2 ), ATO (Sb-doped SnO 2 ), FTO (F-doped SnO 2 ), Zinc oxide (ZnO, optionally doped with Al, B, or Ga), antimony oxide, oxide of spinel structure, oxide of YbFe 2 O 4  structure, gallium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, and nickel oxide. The substrate may include the foregoing conductive materials by any known thin-film forming technology selected from the CVD method, sputtering method, the vapor deposition method, the lift-off method, the ion-plating method, the electrolytic plating method, the electroless plating method, the screen printing method, the laser ablation method, and the sol-gel method. 
     Alternatively, the substrate may also include a silicon semiconducting material selected from the foregoing silicon semiconductor and compound semiconductor. Another example of the substrate may be a substrate in the form of SOI. 
     The substrate may be planar or uneven. In the latter case, for example, the raised portion may be provided on a projection of the substrate, in some cases, or on a recess of the substrate, in some cases, or alternatively, on both of a projection and a recess of the substrate, in some cases. 
     In the substrate of double-layer structure, the first and second layers may include the same or different materials which are inorganic insulating materials and conductive materials. The two layers may be formed by the PVD method or the CVD method. The PVD method includes, for example, (a) the vacuum vapor deposition method such as the electron beam heating method, the resistance heating method, the flash evaporation method, and the pulse laser deposition (PLD) method, (b) the plasma vapor deposition method, and (c) the bipolar sputtering method, the direct current (DC) sputtering method, the DC magnetron sputtering method, the high-frequency sputtering method, the magnetron sputtering method, the ion beam sputtering method and the bias-sputtering method. The CVD method includes, for example, the normal pressure CVD method, the reduced CVD method, the hot CVD method, and the plasma CVD method. 
     As mentioned above, the raised portion may be a photoelectric converter constituting a light-receiving element, an optical sensor, or an image sensor. The photoelectric converter may be that of laminate structure including a first electrode, a photoelectric converting layer, and a second electrode. In a case where the photoelectric converting layer includes an organic photoelectric converting material, the photoelectric converting layer may include any one of 
     (1) a single layer structure including a p-type organic semiconductor,
 
(2) a single layer structure including an n-type organic semiconductor,
 
(3) a laminated layer structure including a layer of a p-type organic semiconductor and a layer of an n-type organic semiconductor; including a layer of a p-type organic semiconductor, a layer of a mixture of a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor (in bulk heterostructure), and a layer of an n-type organic semiconductor; including a layer of a p-type organic semiconductor and a layer of a mixture of a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor (in bulk heterostructure); or including a layer of an n-type organic semiconductor and a layer of a mixture of a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor (in bulk heterostructure), and
 
(4) a single layer structure including a mixture of a p-type organic semiconductor and an n-type organic semiconductor (in bulk heterostructure).
 
The order of lamination may be changed as desired.
 
     The p-type organic semiconductor includes, for example, naphthalene derivative, anthracene derivative, phenanthrene derivative, pyrene derivative, perylene derivative, tetracene derivative, pentacene derivative, quinacridone derivative, thiophene derivative, thienothiophene derivative, benzothiophene derivative, triarylamine derivative, carbazole derivative, perylene derivative, picene derivative, chrysene derivative, fluoranthene derivative, phthalocyanine derivative, subphthalocyanine derivative, subporphyrazine derivative, metal complex containing heterocyclic compound as ligand, polythiophene derivative, polybenzothiadiazole derivative, and polyfluorene derivative. The n-type organic semiconductor includes, for example, fullerene and fullerene derivatives, an organic semiconductor having larger (deeper) HOMO or LUMO than the p-type organic semiconductors, and transparent inorganic metal oxides. The n-type organic semiconductor includes heterocyclic compounds (containing nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, or sulfur atoms) such as pyridine derivative, pyrazine derivative, pyrimidine derivative, triazine derivative, quinoline derivative, quinoxaline derivative, isoquinoline derivative, acridine derivative, phenazine derivative, phenanthroline derivative, tetrazole derivative, pyrazole derivative, imidazole derivative, thiazole derivative, oxazole derivative, imidazole derivative, benzoimidazole derivative, benzotriazole derivative, benzooxazole derivative, benzooxazole derivative, carbazole derivative, benzofuran derivative, dibenzofuran derivative, subporphyradine derivative, polyphenylenevinylene derivative, polybenzothiadiazole derivative, organic molecules having a polyfluorene derivative as part of the molecular skeleton, organometal complex, and subphthalocyanine derivative. The photoelectric converting layer including an organic photoelectric converting material (which will be referred to as “organic photoelectric converting layer” hereinafter) is not specifically restricted in thickness. The thickness broadly ranges from 1×10 −8  to 5×10 −7  m, preferably from 2.5×10 −8  to 3×10 −7  m, more preferably from 2.5×10 −8  to 2×10 −7  m, and most desirably from 1×10 −7  to 1.8×10 −7  m. Incidentally, the organic semiconductor is usually classified into p-type and n-type, and this implies that p-type easily transports holes and n-type easily transports electrons. This does not mean that the organic semiconductor has holes or electrons as thermally excited majority carriers like an inorganic semiconductor. 
     Alternatively, the organic photoelectric converting layer that converts green light into electric charges may include a material containing rhodamine dye, merocyanine dye, quinacridone derivative, subphthalocyanine dye, pigment violet, pigment red, or the like. The organic photoelectric converting layer that converts blue light into electric charges may include a material containing coumaric acid dye, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), merocyanine dye, naphthalene derivative, anthracene derivative, naphthacene derivative, styrylamine derivative, bis(azinyl)methene boron complex, or the like. 
     The organic photoelectric converting layer that converts red light into electric charges may include a material containing a phthalocyanine dye, subphthalocyanine dye, Nile red, pyran derivative such as DCM1 {4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)4H-pyran} and DCJT {4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(julolidilstyryl)pyran}, squarylium derivative, porphyrin derivative, chlorin derivative, eurodilin derivative, or the like. 
     Each of the organic layers may be formed by either the dry film forming method or the wet film forming method. The dry film forming method is accomplished by vacuum vapor deposition (that employs resistance heating or high-frequency heating), EB vapor deposition, sputtering (such as magnetron sputtering, RF-DC coupled bias sputtering, ECR sputtering, facing target sputtering, and high-frequency sputtering), ion plating, laser ablation, molecular beam epitaxy, and laser transfer. The CVD method includes the plasma CVD method, the hot CVD method, the MOCVD method, and the light CVD method. The wet film forming method includes spin coating, ink jet coating, spray coating, stamping, microcontact printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, gravure printing, and dipping. The patterning may be accomplished by chemical etching (with shadow mask, laser transfer, and photolithography) and physical etching (with ultraviolet rays and laser). Each of the organic layers is planarized by laser planarizing and reflowing. 
     Alternatively, the photoelectric converting layer may include an inorganic material selected from the following: crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, crystalline selenium, amorphous selenium, and the compounds listed below: chalcopyrite compound, such as CIGS (CuInGaSe), CIS (CuInSe 2 ), CuInS 2 , CuAlS 2 , CuAlSe 2 , CuGaS 2 , CuGaSe 2 , AgAlS 2 , AgAlSe 2 , AgInS 2 , and AgInSe 2  or III—V group compound, such as GaAs, InP, AlGaAs, InGaP, AlGaInP, and InGaAsP and a compound semiconductor, such as CdSe, CdS, In 2 Se 3 , In 2 S 3 , Bi 2 Se 3 , Bi 2 S 3 , ZnSe, ZnS, PbSe, and PbS. 
     The first electrode and the second electrode may include a transparent conductive material. The electrode including a transparent conductive material will be referred to as a “transparent electrode” hereinafter. The transparent electrode may include a conductive metal oxide, which includes the following, for example: indium oxide, indium-tin oxide (ITO, containing Sn-doped In 2 O 3 , crystalline or amorphous ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO) [zinc oxide doped with indium], indium-gallium oxide (IGO) [gallium oxide doped with indium], indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO, In—GaZnO 4 ) [zinc oxide doped with indium and gallium], IFO (F-doped In 2 O 3 ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), ATO (Sb-doped SnO 2 ), FTO (F-doped SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (including ZnO doped with other elements), aluminum-zinc oxide (AZO) [zinc oxide doped with aluminum], gallium-zinc oxide (GZO) [zinc oxide doped with gallium], titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), niobium-titanium oxide (TNO) [titanium oxide doped with niobium], antimony oxide, oxide of spinel structure, and oxide of YbFe 2 O 4  structure. Alternatively, the transparent electrode may have, as the base layer, gallium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, or nickel oxide. The transparent electrode may have a thickness ranging from 2×10 −8  m to 2×10 −7  m, preferably from 3×10 −8  m to 1×10 −7  m. Alternatively, in the case where the electrode does not need transparency, the anode that supplies holes should preferably include a conductive material having a high work function (for example, ϕ=4.5 to 5.5 eV). It typically includes, for example, gold (Au), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), iron (Fe), iridium (Ir), germanium (Ge), osmium (Os), rhenium (Re), and tellurium (Te). On the other hand, the cathode that supplies electrons should preferably include a conductive material having a low work function (for example, ϕ=3.5 to 4.5 eV). It typically includes, for example, alkali metal (such as Li, Na, and K) and fluoride or oxide thereof, alkaline earth metal (such as Mg and Ca) and fluoride or oxide thereof, aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), sodium-potassium alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, magnesium-silver alloy, indium, a rare-earth metal such as ytterbium, and alloys thereof. Alternatively, examples of the anode and cathode may include the following materials: platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), indium (In), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and molybdenum (Mo), and alloys thereof (in the form of conductive particles). Such conductive substances as polysilicon (containing impurities), carbonaceous material, an oxide semiconductor, carbon nanotube, and graphene. The electrodes may take on a laminate structure. Moreover, the anode and cathode may also include organic materials (conductive polymers) such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)/polystyrenesulfonic acid [PEDOT/PSS]. The foregoing conductive materials may be used in the form of mixture (paste or ink) with a binder (polymer), after curing. 
     The first electrode and the second electrode (anode and cathode) in the form of a film may be prepared by either the dry method or the wet method. The dry method includes the PVD method and the CVD method (chemical vapor deposition). The PVD method is classified into vacuum vapor deposition (that relies on resistance heating or high-frequency heating), electron beam (EB) deposition, sputtering (such as magnetron sputtering, RF-DC coupled bias sputtering, ECR sputtering, facing target sputtering, and high-frequency sputtering), ion plating, laser ablation, molecular beam epitaxy, and laser transfer. The CVD method is classified into plasma CVD, heat CVD, organometal (MO) CVD, and photo CVD. The wet method includes electrolytic plating, electroless plating, spin coating, ink jet coating, spray coating, stamping, microcontact printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, gravure printing, and dipping. The patterning may be accomplished by either chemical etching (which relies on shadow mask, laser transfer, and photolithography) or physical etching (that relies on ultraviolet rays and laser beam). The first and second electrodes may be planarized by the laser planarizing method, the reflow method, or the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method. 
     The organic photoelectric converting layer and the first electrode may face each other with a first carrier blocking layer interposed between them. Alternatively, the organic photoelectric converting layer and the second electrode may face each other with a second carrier blocking layer interposed between them. Moreover, the first carrier blocking layer and the first electrode may be made to face each other with a first charge injection layer interposed between them. The second carrier blocking layer and the second electrode may be made to face each other with a second charge injection layer interposed between them. For example, examples of an electron injection layer may include alkali metals, including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), fluorides thereof, and oxides thereof, or alkaline earth metals, including magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), fluorides thereof, and oxides thereof, for example. 
     In this step, formation of the first layer starts from a front face of the substrate, a side face of the raised portion, and a top face of the raised portion. Specifically, a formation interface of the first layer ( 1 A: formation front) is formed from a front face of a part of the substrate close to the part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate, and a formation interface of the first layer ( 1 B: formation front) is formed from the side face. As a result of growth of the formation fronts in the first layer, the formation fronts meet each other, whereby a first seam is formed. Likewise, in the formation of the second layer, a formation interface of the second layer ( 2 A: formation front) is formed from a front face in a vicinity of a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises, and a formation interface of the second layer ( 2 B: formation front) is formed from a front face in a vicinity of a part at which the first layer positioned above the raised portion rises. As a result of growth of the formation fronts in the second layer, the formation fronts meet each other, whereby a second seam is formed. 
     Example 1 
     Example 1 covers the laminated structure and the method for producing the same, according to the present disclosure. 
     Example 1 deals with a laminated structure  10  depicted in  FIG. 1A  which is a schematic partly cutaway sectional view. The laminated structure  10  includes a first layer  40  which covers a substrate  20  and a raised portion  30  existing on the substrate  20 , and a second layer  60  which covers the first layer  40 . 
     The first layer  40  has therein a first seam  50  which extends from a starting point  33  which corresponds to a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the raised portion  30  rises from the substrate  20 . In addition, the second layer  60  has therein a second seam  70  which extends from a starting point  63  of the second layer  60  which corresponds to a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the first layer  40  existing on the substrate  20  rises. The first seam  50  and the second seam  70  are discontinuous. 
       FIG. 1A  depicts that the first layer  40  has the cross section which follows the contours of the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30 . Likewise, the second layer  60  has the cross section which follows the contours of the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30 . The cross sections of the first layer  40  and the second layer  60  are not restricted to them illustrated but may vary depending on the cross section of the raised portion  30  and the conditions under which the first and second layers  40  and  60  are formed. This applies also to Example 2. 
     The first seam  50  is formed in such a way that it extends from the starting point  33  to an end point  50 E, which exists on the interface between the first layer  40  and the second layer  60 , and the end point  50 E is above a starting point  70 S of the second seam  70 . To be concrete, the end point  50 E of the first seam  50  and the starting point  70 S of the second seam  70  are equal to or more than 5 nm apart. Incidentally, although the figure depicts that the first and second layers  40  and  60  have rectangular cross sections and that the first layer  40  rises at right angles from the substrate  20 , the angular part  43  may occasionally be rounded. This applies also to Example 2. 
     In Example 1, the substrate  20  includes an inorganic insulating material, such as SiO 2 , and the raised portion  30  is a wiring layer including a conductive material, such as aluminum. The first layer  40  includes SiN and the second layer  60  includes SiO 2 . Below the substrate  20 , provided are various members (various components) included in a transistor such as a field-effect transistor (FET) or a thin-film transistor (TET), for example. Alternatively, the raised portion  30  may be a layer of an organic semiconductor material which constitutes the active layer (or extended part thereof) of an organic thin-film transistor. 
     According to Example 1, the laminated structure is produced by the method illustrated in  FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C  and  FIGS. 4A and 4B , which are schematic partly cutaway sectional views. 
     [Step- 100 ] 
     The process starts with forming the first layer  40  which covers the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30  existing on the substrate  20 . To be specific, the substrate  20  carrying the raised portion (wiring layer)  30  thereon undergoes sputtering, as depicted in  FIG. 3A , so that the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30  existing thereon are covered with the first layer  40 , as depicted in  FIGS. 3B and 3C . 
     In this step, formation of the first layer  40  starts from a front face  21  of the substrate  20 , a side face  31  of the raised portion  30 , and a top face  32  of the raised portion  30 . Specifically, a formation interface of the first layer  40  ( 1 A: formation front  41 ) is formed from a front face of a part  22  of the substrate  20  close to the part  33  at which the raised portion  30  rises from the substrate  20 , and a formation interface of the first layer  40  ( 1 B: formation front  42 ) is formed from the side face  31 . As a result of growth of the first layer  40 , the formation front  41  meets the formation front  42  (see  FIGS. 3B and 3C ), whereby a first seam  50  is formed. 
     [Step- 110 ] 
     In the next step, the first layer  40  undergoes anisotropic etching, so that the first layer  40  remains on the substrate  20 , the top face  32  of the raised portion  30 , and the side face  31  of the raised portion  30 , as depicted in  FIG. 4A . The anisotropic etching mostly etches out a part of the first layer  40  which is above the substrate  20  and a part of the first layer  40  which is above the top face  32  of the raised portion  30 , with a part of the first layer  40  which is on the side face  31  of the raised portion  30  substantially remaining unetched. The dotted line in  FIG. 4A  indicates the position of the first layer  40  which has existed before the anisotropic etching. 
     [Step- 120 ] 
     The subsequent step is to form the second layer  60  which covers the first layer  40  (see  FIGS. 4B and 1A ). To be concrete, sputtering is performed to form the second layer  60  that covers the first layer  40 . 
     In the formation of the second layer  60 , a formation interface of the second layer ( 2 A: formation front  61 ) is formed from a front face in a vicinity of a part  43  at which the first layer  40  positioned above the substrate  20  rises, and a formation interface of the second layer ( 2 B: formation front  62 ) is formed from a front face in a vicinity of a part  44  at which the first layer  40  positioned above the raised portion  30  rises. As a result of growth of the formation fronts in the second layer, the formation fronts meet each other, whereby a second seam  70  is formed. 
     Thus, the laminated structure of Example 1 having the structure depicted in  FIG. 1A  can be obtained. In the laminated structure and the method for producing the same in Example 1, the first layer is subjected to anisotropic etching, whereby the first seam and the second seam become discontinuous. The discontinuous seams securely prevent infiltration of chemicals, water, and undesirable gas, which makes the laminated structure more reliable. 
     The laminated structure according to Example 1 may be modified as depicted in  FIGS. 1B, 2A, and 2B . 
     One modification to the laminated structure according to Example 1 is depicted in  FIG. 1B . 
     The laminated structure in the modification includes the first layer covering the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30  existing on the substrate  20 , and the second layer  60  covering the first layer. The first layer includes as many layers as M (M denoting an integer not smaller than 2; M=3 in the illustrated case). The layers numbered m (m=1, 2, . . . M) as a constituent of the first layer is designated as the layers numbered  40   1 ,  40   2 , and  40   3 , respectively. They have therein first seams  50   1 ,  50   2 , and  50   3 , respectively, with each seam starting from a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the raised portion  30  rises. 
     Inside the second layer  60 , the second seam  70  is formed, starting from a part at which the layer numbered  40   3  as a constituent of the first layer positioned above the substrate  20  rises or a part of of the second layer  60  corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part, as a start point of the second seam  70 . 
     The first seam  50   3  in the layer numbered  40   3  as a constituent of the first layer and the second seam  70  are discontinuous. 
     Herein, the substrate  20  is a layer of an inorganic insulating material or SiO 2 . The raised portion  30  is a wiring layer of a conductive material such as aluminum. Also, the layers numbered  40   1 ,  40   2 , and  40   3  (constituting the first layer) include SiO 2 , SiN, and SiO 2 , respectively. The second layer  60  includes a conductive material such as tungsten and aluminum. These materials for the substrate  20 , the raised portion  30 , the layers numbered  40   1 ,  40   2 , and  40   3  and the second layer  60  are mere examples and not restrictive. 
     The example depicted in  FIG. 1B  is characterized in that the layer numbered  40   1  as a constituent of the first layer has therein the first seam  50   1 , the layer numbered  40   2  as a constituent of the first layer has therein the first seam  50   2 , and the layer numbered  40   3  as a constituent of the first layer has therein the first seam  50   3 . These first seams  50   1 ,  50   2 , and  50   3  are connected to one another. 
     Another modification to the laminated structure according to Example 1 is depicted in  FIG. 2A . 
     The laminated structure in the modification includes the first layer  40  covering the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30  existing on the substrate  20 , and the second layer covering the first layer  40 . The second layer includes as many layers as N (N denoting an integer not smaller than 2; N=3 in the illustrated case). The first layer  40  has therein the first seam  50  which starts from a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the raised portion  30  rises from the substrate  20 . The layer numbered n (n=1, 2, . . . N) as a constituent of the second layer is designated as the layers numbered  60   1 ,  60   2 , and  60   3 , respectively. They have therein second seams numbered  70   1 ,  70   2 , and  70   3 , respectively. The second seams  70   1 ,  70   2 , and  70   3  start from those parts of the layers numbered  60   1 ,  60   2 , and  60   3  which correspond to a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the first layer  40  above the substrate  20  rises. 
     The first seam  50  in the first layer  40  is discontinuous from the second seam  70   1  in the layer numbered  60   1  as a constituent of the second layer. 
     The substrate  20  includes an inorganic insulating material such as SiO 2 . The raised portion  30  is a wiring layer of a conductive material such as aluminum. The first layer  40  includes SiO 2 . The layers numbered  60   1  and  60   2  in the second layer include SiO 2  and SiN, respectively. The layer numbered  60   3  in the second layer includes a conductive material such as tungsten and aluminum. These materials for the substrate  20 , the raised portion  30 , the first layer  40  and the layers numbered  60   1 ,  60   2 , and  60   3  are mere examples and not restrictive. 
     The example depicted in  FIG. 2A  is characterized in that the first layer  40  has therein the first seam  50 , and the layers numbered  60   1 ,  60   2 , and  60   3  constituting the second layer have therein the second seams  70   1 ,  70   2 , and  70   3 , respectively. 
     These second seams  70   1 ,  70   2 , and  70   3  are continuous one another. 
     Another modification in the the laminated structure according to Example 1 is depicted in  FIG. 2B . 
     The laminated structure in the modification includes the first layer that covers the substrate  20  and the raised portion  30  existing on the substrate  20 , and the second layer covering the first layer. The first layer includes as many layers as M (M denoting an integer not smaller than 2; M=2 in the illustrated case). The second layer includes as many layers as N (N denoting an integer not smaller than 2; N=2 in the illustrated case). 
     The layers numbered m (m=1, 2, . . . M) as a constituent of the first layer is designated as the layers numbered  40   1  and  40   2 , respectively. They have therein first seams  50   1  and  50   2 , respectively. The first seams  50   1  and  50   2  start from the part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the raised portion  30  rises from the substrate  20 . The layer numbered n (n=1, 2, . . . N) as a constituent of the second layer is designated as the layers numbered  60   1  and  60   2 , respectively. They have therein second seams numbered  70   1  and  70   2 , respectively. The second seams  70   1  and  70   2  start from the part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the layer numbered  40   2  as a constituent of the first layer above the substrate  20  rises. 
     There is no connection between the first seam  50   2  in the layer  40   2  as a constituent of the first layer and the second seam  70   1  in the layer  60   1  as a constituent of the second layer. 
     The substrate  20  is a layer of an inorganic insulating material such as SiO 2 . The raised portion  30  is a wiring layer of a conductive material such as aluminum. The layers numbered  40   1  and  40   2  as constituents of the first layer include SiO 2  and SiN, respectively. The layers numbered  60   1  and  60   2  as constituents of the second layer include SiN and conductive material (such as tungsten and aluminum), respectively. However, these materials for the substrate  20 , the raised portion  30 , the layers numbered  40   1  and  40   2  and the layers numbered  60   1  and  60   2  are mere examples and not restrictive. 
     The example depicted in  FIG. 2B  is characterized in that the layer numbered  40   1  as a constituent of the first layer has therein the first seam  50   1 , and the layer numbered  40   2  as a constituent of the first layer has therein the first seam  50   2 , and these first seams  50   1  and  50   2  are connected to one another. It is also characterized in that the layer numbered  60   1  as a constituent of the second layer has therein the second seam  70   1 , and the layer numbered  60   2  as a constituent of the second layer has therein the second seam  70   2 , and these second seams  70   1  and  70   2  are connected to one another. 
     Example 2 
     Example 2 is a modification of Example 1. In Example 2, a raised portion  130  includes photoelectric converters constituting light-receiving element, an optical sensor, or an image sensor. The photoelectric converter includes a first electrode  130 A, a photoelectric converting layer  130 C covering the first electrode  130 A, and a second electrode  130 B formed on the top face of the photoelectric converting layer  130 C. The first electrode  130 A is paired with each photoelectric converter. On the other hand, the photoelectric converting layer  130 C and the second electrode  130 B are continuous through a plurality of the photoelectric converter. In other words, the photoelectric converting layer  130 C and the second electrode  130 B take on the form of a continuous film. The photoelectric converting layer  130 C includes the above-mentioned organic photoelectric converting material. The photoelectric converter is not restricted in constitution and structure to that mentioned above. 
     In Example 2, the substrate  20  includes an inorganic insulating material, such as SiO 2 , and the raised portion  130  includes a plurality of photoelectric converters as mentioned above. A first layer  140  includes a metal wiring material (such as tungsten), and a second layer  160  includes SiN. Below the substrate  20 , provided are various members (various components) included in a transistor (drive circuit) such as a field effect transistor (FET) or a thin-film transistor (TFT), to drive the photoelectric converter. The first electrode  130 A and the second electrode  130 B are connected to the drive circuit through the contact holes (not depicted) in the substrate  20 . In the illustrated example, the first layer  140  is so formed as to come into contact with an edge of the photoelectric converting layer  130 C and the second electrode  130 B. 
     Alternatively, below the substrate  20 , another photoelectric converter may be provided, so that an imaging element of laminate type can be made. The photoelectric converter provided below the substrate  20  may be a photoelectric converter which is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate, photoelectric converter which is formed on a compound semiconductor substrate, or photoelectric converter which includes an organic photoelectric converting material. The imaging element of laminate type is exemplified as follows. 
     (1) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light and a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light
 
(2) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light and a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light
 
(3) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light, and a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light
 
(4) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light, and a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light
 
(5) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
(6) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
(7) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
(8) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light, and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
(9) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light, and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
(10) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light, and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
(11) Laminate structure including a photoelectric converter sensitive to blue light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to green light, a photoelectric converter sensitive to red light, and a photoelectric converter sensitive to infrared light
 
     The photoelectric converters mentioned above are arranged along the direction of light entry. 
     According to Example 2, the laminated structure is produced by the method illustrated in  FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C  and  FIGS. 6A and 6B , which are schematic partly cutaway sectional views of the substrates and the like. 
     [Step- 200 ] 
     The process starts with forming the first layer  140  which covers the substrate  20  and the raised portion  130  existing on the substrate  20 . To be specific, the substrate  20  carrying the raised portion (photoelectric converter)  130  thereon undergoes sputtering, as depicted in  FIG. 5A , so that the substrate  20  and the raised portion  130  existing thereon are covered with the first layer  140 , as depicted in  FIG. 5B . The next step is performed to partly remove the first layer  140  which has been formed on a top face of the raised portion  130 , with part of the first layer  140  (of metal wiring material) remaining on a top face  132  of the edge of the raised portion  130 , on a side face  131  of the raised portion  130 , and on the substrate  20 , as depicted in  FIG. 5C . 
     In this step, the first layer  140  starts to form on the front face  21  of the substrate  20 , the side face  131  of the raised portion  130 , and the top face  132  of the raised portion  130 . That part (front  141 ) of the first layer  140  which rises from the part  22  of the substrate  20  close to a part  133  at which the raised portion  130  rises from the substrate  20  meets that part (front  142 ) of the first layer  140  which rises sideward from the side face  131  of the raised portion  130 , with the result that a first seam  150  is formed, as depicted in  FIG. 5B . 
     [Step- 210 ] 
     In the next step, the first layer  140  undergoes anisotropic etching, so that the first layer  140  remains on the substrate  20 , the top face  132  of the raised portion  130 , and the side face  131  of the raised portion  130 , as depicted in  FIG. 6A . The anisotropic etching mostly etches out a part of the first layer  140  which is above the substrate  20  and a part of the first layer  140  which is above the top face  132  of the raised portion  130 , with a part of the first layer  140  which is on the side face  131  of the raised portion  130  substantially remaining unetched. 
     [Step- 220 ] 
     The subsequent step is to form a second layer  160  which covers the first layer  140  (see  FIG. 6B ). To be concrete, sputtering is performed to form the second layer  160  that covers the first layer  140 . 
     In the formation of the second layer  160 , a formation interface of the second layer ( 2 A: formation front  161 ) is formed from a front face in a vicinity of a part  143  at which the first layer  140  positioned above the substrate  20  rises, and a formation interface of the second layer ( 2 B: formation front  162 ) is formed from a front face in a vicinity of a part  144  at which the first layer  140  positioned above the raised portion  130  rises. As a result of growth of the formation fronts in the second layer, the formation fronts meet each other, whereby a second seam  170  is formed. 
     Thus, the laminated structure of Example 2 having the structure depicted in  FIG. 6B  can be obtained. In the laminated structure and the method for producing the same in Example 2, the first layer is subjected to anisotropic etching, whereby the first seam and the second seam become discontinuous. The discontinuous seams securely prevent infiltration of chemicals, water, and undesirable gas, which makes the laminated structure more reliable. 
     Note that, when a reference sign  150 E represents a part of the first seam  150  (positioned in the interface between the first layer  140  and the second layer  160 ) as the end point where the first seam  150  terminates, the end point  150 E of the first seam  150  is positioned above a start point  170 S of the second seam  170 . To be concrete, the end point  150 E of the first seam  150  is equal to or more than 5 nm away from the start point  170 S of the second seam  170 . 
     The foregoing example may be modified as follows. That is, the second layer  160  may be covered with the third layer. In this case, the second layer  160  is regarded as the first layer and the third layer is regarded as the second layer. Alternatively, the “Step- 210 ” may be omitted. In this case, the resulting laminated structure is regarded as including the first layer (in place of the second layer  160 ) and the second layer (in place of the third layer). Here, the second layer  160  which is regarded as the first layer is called “the first′ layer” and the third layer which is regarded as the second layer is called “the second′ layer,” for convenience&#39;s sake. According to this terminology, the laminated structure is defined as including a first′ layer that covers a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate, and a second′ layer that covers the first′ layer, with the first′ layer having a first seam formed therein which extends from a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the raised portion rises from the substrate, and the second′ layer having a second seam formed therein which extends from that part of the second′ layer which corresponds to a part (or a vicinity thereof) of the first′ layer at which the first′ layer lying on the substrate rises, with the first seam and the second seam being discontinuous. 
     The present disclosure has been disclosed above with reference to some preferred embodiments. The embodiments are not intended to restrict the scope of the present disclosure. The laminated structure and the method for producing the same, which have been demonstrated in the embodiments, are mere examples, and the structure and materials may be variously changed as desired. That is, Example 1 demonstrates the instance in which the raised portion is entirely covered with the first layer and the first layer is entirely covered with the second layer. This may be modified such that the first layer is formed at a part (or a vicinity thereof) at which the raised portion rises. In this instance, the first layer is not formed on part of the top face of the raised portion and the first layer is not formed on a part of substrate which is away from the raised portion. Another instance may be possible in which the second layer is formed at a part (or a vicinity thereof), at which the first layer rises. In other words, the second layer is not formed on a part of the first layer which exists above the raised portion, and the second layer is not formed on the first layer away from the raised portion. The forgoing is applicable to Example 2. In the case demonstrated in Example 2, the first layer partly covers the raised portion, but the first layer may be formed differently so that it entirely covers the raised portion. 
     Note that the present disclosure may adopt the following configurations. 
     &lt;Laminated Structure&gt; 
     [A01] 
     A laminated structure including: 
     a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; and 
     a second layer covering the first layer, 
     in which a first seam is formed inside the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside the second layer, starting from a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam and the second seam are discontinuous. 
     [A02] 
     The laminated structure as defined in [A01] above, 
     in which, when a part of the first seam positioned on an interface between the first layer and the second layer is defined as an end point of the first seam, the end point of the first seam is positioned above the start point of the second seam. 
     [A03] 
     The laminated structure as defined in [A02] above, 
     in which the end point of the first seam is 5 nm or more away from the start point of the second seam. 
     [A04] 
     A laminated structure including: 
     a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; and 
     a second layer covering the first layer, 
     in which the first layer includes M layers (M denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     a first seam is formed inside a layer numbered m (note that m=1, 2, . . . M) constituting the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside the second layer, starting from a part at which the layer numbered M constituting the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the raising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam in the layer numbered M constituting the first layer, and the second seam are discontinuous. 
     [A05] 
     A laminated structure including: 
     a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; and 
     a second layer covering the first layer, 
     in which the second layer includes N layers (N denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     a first seam is formed inside the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside a layer numbered n (note that n=1, 2, . . . N) constituting the second layer, starting from a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the layer numbered n of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam in the first layer and the second seam in the layer numbered  1  constituting the second layer are discontinuous. 
     [A06] 
     A laminated structure including: 
     a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; and 
     a second layer covering the first layer, 
     in which the first layer includes M layers (M denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     the second layer includes N layers (N denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     a first seam is formed inside a layer numbered m (note that m=1, 2, . . . M) constituting the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside a layer numbered n (note that n=1, 2, . . . N) constituting the second layer, starting from a part of the layer numbered M constituting the first layer positioned above the substrate or a part of the layer numbered n of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam in the layer numbered M constituting the first layer, and the second seam in the layer numbered  1  constituting the second layer are discontinuous. 
     &lt;Method for Producing Laminated Structure&gt; 
     [B01] 
     A method for producing a laminated structure, the method including: 
     a first step of forming a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; 
     a second step of anisotropically etching the first layer to remain on the substrate and on a top face and a side face of the raised portion, after the first step; and 
     a third step of forming a second layer covering the first layer, after the second step, 
     in which a first seam is formed inside the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside the second layer, starting from a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam and the second seam are discontinuous. 
     [B02] 
     The method for producing a laminated structure as defined in [B01] above, 
     in which, when a part of the first seam positioned in an interface between the first layer and the second layer is defined as an end point of the first seam, the end point of the first seam is positioned higher than the start point of the second seam. 
     [B03] 
     The method for producing a laminated structure as defined in [B02] above, 
     in which the end point of the first seam is 5 nm or more away from the start point of the second seam. 
     [B04] 
     A method for producing a laminated structure, the method including: 
     a first step of forming a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; 
     a second step of anisotropically etching the first layer to remain on the substrate and on a top face and a side face of the raised portion, after the first step; and 
     a third step of forming a second layer covering the first layer, after the second step, 
     in which the first layer includes M layers (M denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     a first seam is formed inside a layer numbered m (note that m=1, 2, . . . M), starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside the second layer, starting from a part at which the layer numbered M constituting the first layer positioned above the substrate or a part of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam in the layer numbered M constituting the first layer, and the second seam are discontinuous. 
     [B05] 
     A method for producing a laminated structure, the method including: 
     a first step of forming a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; 
     a second step of anisotropically etching the first layer to remain on the substrate and on a top face and a side face of the raised portion, after the first step; and 
     a third step of forming a second layer covering the first layer, after the second step, 
     in which the second layer includes N layers (N denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     a first seam is formed inside the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside a layer numbered n (note that n=1, 2, . . . N) constituting the second layer, starting from a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a part of the layer numbered n of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam in the first layer, and the second seam in the layer numbered  1  constituting the second layer are discontinuous. 
     [B06] 
     A method for producing a laminated structure, the method including: 
     a first step of forming a first layer covering a substrate and a raised portion existing on the substrate; 
     a second step of anisotropically etching the first layer to remain on the substrate and on a top face and a side face of the raised portion, after the first step; and 
     a third step of forming a second layer covering the first layer, after the second step, 
     in which the first layer includes M layers (M denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     the second layer includes N layers (N denoting an integer not smaller than 2), 
     a first seam is formed inside a layer numbered m (note that m=1, 2, . . . M) constituting the first layer, starting from a part at which the raised portion rises from the substrate or a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the first seam, 
     a second seam is formed inside a layer numbered n (note that n=1, 2, . . . N) constituting the second layer, starting from a part of the layer numbered M constituting the first layer positioned above the substrate or a part of the layer numbered n of the second layer corresponding to a vicinity of the rising part as a start point of the second seam, and 
     the first seam in the layer numbered M constituting the first layer, and the second layer in the layer numbered  1  constituting the second layer are discontinuous. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           10  . . . Laminated structure 
           20  . . . Substrate 
           21  . . . Front face of the substrate 
           22  . . . Part of the substrate in a vicinity of a part at which a raised portion rises from the substrate 
           30  . . . Raised portion 
           130  . . . Raised portion (photoelectric convertor) 
           130 A . . . First electrode 
           130 B . . . Second electrode 
           130 C . . . Photoelectric converting layer 
           31 ,  131  . . . Side face of the raised portion 
           33 ,  133  . . . Top face of the raised portion 
           40 ,  40   1 ,  40   2 ,  40   3 ,  140  . . . First layer 
           41 ,  141  . . .  1 A Formation front 
           42 ,  142  . . .  1 B Formation front 
           43 ,  143  . . . Part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises 
           44 ,  144  . . . Part at which the first layer positioned above the raised portion rises 
           50 ,  50   1 ,  50   2 ,  50   3 ,  150  . . . First seam 
           50 E . . . End point of the first seam 
           60 ,  60   1 ,  60   2 ,  60   3 ,  160  . . . Second layer 
           61 ,  161  . . .  2 A formation front 
           62 ,  162  . . .  2 B formation front 
           63  . . . Part of the second layer corresponding to a part at which the first layer positioned above the substrate rises or a vicinity of the rising part 
           70 ,  70   1 ,  70   2 ,  70   3 ,  170  . . . Second seam 
           70 S . . . Start point of the second seam