Patent Publication Number: US-8532624-B2

Title: System and method for storing and retrieving multimedia messages on low-cost tags in order to facilitate contextual communications

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention generally relates to contextual communications, and more particularly to systems, methods and computer programs for the storage and retrieval of multimedia messages on low-cost barcode or radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, thereby allowing such messages to be affixed to physical, real-world objects. 
     2. Related Art 
     In today&#39;s technological environment, electronic communications mechanisms can be classified as either Person-to-Person (P2P), Unidirectional, Annotated, Social, Bulletin Board or Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications. This classification system is based on the type of participants in the communications and usage patterns. 
     Well known P2P communications paradigms involve a telephone or conference call where persons dial a number to get connected and then talk using audio signals. This method of communication is characterized by its real-time nature and the message exchange is synchronized. Other forms of popular P2P communications methodologies include electronic mail (E-mail), instant messaging, text messaging and Push-to-Talk (i.e., PTT—a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio, using a momentary button to switch from voice reception mode to transmit mode). All these communications methodologies are characterized by the presence of named senders and receivers, who are typically known a priori, and use a variety of addressing mechanisms and protocols. 
     Unidirectional messaging includes items such as News feeds and Web logs (also known as “blogs”). This method of communications has become more popular with the rise in the access to, and use of, the global, public Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). In this method of communications, the content of any one communication is not typically addressed to any single individual or group of individuals by the sender/publisher. Rather, the content is “pulled” through a browsing mechanism or through a feed reader such as the Real Simple Syndication (RSS) family of Web feed formats. In this method of communication, the receiving parties are usually not known a priori. 
     Annotated messaging in a shared context is exemplified by such mechanisms as posting comments to an electronic document. Annotated messaging is a good example of contextual communication where messages are attached to a repository of information. This form of communications, however, usually does not name participants. 
     Social messaging uses tools such as Chat rooms and Internet Relay Chat (IRC) technologies allow group (i.e., many-to-many) communication in discussion forums called channels, and also allow one-to-one communications via private messages over the Internet. The persons involved in this type of discussions are identified using a priori registrations but are not necessarily (personally) known to each other. 
     Finally, M2M communications involve digital processing units running one or more specialized applications exchanging messages with one another, usually to automate a particular task as encoded by the developers and/or users of the applications. 
     The above-described mechanisms of electronic communications, while they allow for rapid on-line/electronic communications, all have one deficiency. That deficiency is that they do not allow themselves to be associated with a physical (i.e., real world, non-virtual) context. For example, it would be very valuable to attach a voice message to a (tangible) gift, whereby the recipient of the gift can then easily retrieve the message when receiving the gift. Current mechanisms of sending messages with a gift include a printed or written communication in the form of a short note or a greeting card. There is no “electronic” way to “attach” a message with the physical context. While certain “clumsy” mechanisms can be thought of—such as sending an audio tape with the gift or writing a note containing a URL where an electronic message may be downloaded—there is no simple and elegant way to exchange rich electronic messages that can be tied to physical world contexts. 
     To further quantify the above-described problem, one need only consider the example of a doctor providing instructions to a patient on the usage of a particular prescription drug. Current mechanisms for receiving such instructions include the patient having to remember the doctor&#39;s instructions, or a printed label attached to the drug by the pharmacist with an often cryptic message such as: “Take 3× day with food.” There are no easy ways to listen to doctor&#39;s (detailed) instructions at the time (and place) of actually taking the drug by the patient. Patients either have to memorize the doctor&#39;s instructions or write it down somewhere. Oftentimes, however, the instructions are forgotten or misunderstood. 
     The two above examples point to a need for contextual communications where electronic messages can be attached or affixed to physical, real-world objects. Currently, there are at least three challenges for developing cost-effective, simple-to-use contextual messaging. First and foremost, there has to be an addressing mechanism to address an electronic communication to a physical world object or context. Second, the mechanics for storing and retrieving the messages have to be simple and intuitive to be of practical use. Third, the systems, methods and computer program products need to be cost effective in order to apply them to the marketplace in any meaningful way. 
     Given the foregoing, what are needed are systems, method and computer program products for the storing and retrieving of multimedia messages on low-cost tags, such as barcode and RFID tags, thereby facilitating contextual communications where such messages can be attached to physical, real-world objects. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention meets the above-identified needs by providing systems, methods and computer program products for storing and retrieving of multimedia messages on low-cost tags, where such messages can be attached to physical, real-world objects. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, low-cost, bar-coded (metal, paper or plastic) tags are utilized as virtual message stores. Similar to a smart card or a storage memory card, the virtual message allows for storing and retrieving electronic content using an electronic device. In such an aspect, mobile telephones or Personal Computers (PCs) equipped with appropriate software and sensors are utilized as devices for reading and writing messages onto the tags. Further, in such an aspect of the present invention, a backend infrastructure in the form of wireless or wireline communications, network-based computing and a storage facility, is utilized to implement the mechanics of storing and retrieving the messages. 
     In other aspects of the present invention, mechanisms for: producing and identifying the tags; producing and reading the electronic messages; associating the electronic message virtually to the tags; and establishing secure messaging communications; are provided. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, low-cost tags to be used as virtual message stores are easily generated such that barcodes can be printed onto them from any available printer and associated software. 
     Given that barcodes and RFID tags are traditionally used for supply chain applications (e.g., inventory tracking), commerce applications (e.g., checkout counters), etc., the tags display certain characteristics to show that they are used for messaging according to one aspect of the present invention. In such an aspect, this is accomplished by printing appropriate labels and using the same nomenclature used for traditional digital storage media such as CDs, DVDs and flash drives. These traditional digital storage media typically specify a storage device type (i.e., CD, DVD, Memory Stick, etc.), a size (e.g., 500 MB, 1 GB, etc.), and access characteristics (e.g., Read, Read/Write, Recordable, etc.). Together, such information enables users to intuitively use the tags as a storage medium (albeit a virtual storage medium) for recording and accessing content according to aspects of the present invention. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, a system includes one or more mobile devices which have a messenger application loaded onto their memories, and capable of sending and receiving meta data and multimedia data. The system also includes low-cost tags, each encoded with a unique identifier (e.g., a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)) and capable of being read by the mobile devices. The system further includes a registry server which stores meta data associated with each of the tags, and capable of communicating such meta data to the messenger applications. The system also includes a media server capable of storing multimedia messages recorded using the mobile devices and capable of communicating with the messenger applications. The tags are capable of being affixed to a physical, real-world object and thus allowing messages recorded by a first user using one of the mobile devices to be retrieved with the real-world object in a time-shifted (temporal) manner and/or a space-shifted (spatial) manner by a second user using a second mobile device. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, a method includes the steps of encoding a tag with a unique identifier, utilizing a mobile device to read the unique identifier, receiving, at a registry server, the unique identifier from the mobile device, accessing meta data associated with the tag from the registry server using the unique identifier, sending the meta data associated with the tag from the registry server to the mobile device, utilizing the meta data, at the mobile device, to allow a user to record a message associated with the unique identifier, and storing the message onto a media server. The method also includes the steps of affixing the tag to a physical, real-world object and thus allowing the message to be retrieved with the object in a time-shifted and/or space-shifted manner from when and/or where the message was recorded. 
     In alternate aspects of the system and method: the mobile device involved in the recording (i.e., writing) and reading operations may be the same device or two different devices; the tag used for reading and writing are physically different, but encoded with the same globally unique identifier(s); and/or a security code is encoded on the tag that needs to be inputted by a user while recording or reading the contents associated with the tag. 
     An advantage of aspects of the present invention is that it combines the best aspects of digital and physical world assets to generate and retrieve messages using mobile devices and low-cost tags. 
     An advantage of aspects of the present invention is that it provides an addressing mechanism to facilitate cost-effective, simple-to-use contextual messaging. 
     Another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that the mechanics for storing and retrieving messages is simple and intuitive such as to be of practical use. 
     Another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that it is cost effective thereby allowing for application to today&#39;s marketplace in a meaningful way. 
     Yet another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that patients can now “click” on their prescription drugs to get instant usage instructions without the need to memorize their doctor&#39;s instructions or write it down while during their visit to the doctor&#39;s office. 
     Yet another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that it exploits the fact that, in today&#39;s technological climate, both bar-coded and RFID tags cost pennies, and tags can be easily bar-coded using any available printer and associated (widely-available) software. 
     Yet another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that it utilizes the UUID standard in order to guarantee that each tag is uniquely identifiable in order to facilitate the storage and retrieval of information. In such aspects, the UUID numbering system has enough capacity to tag every possible object in the universe which is where traditional barcode, UPC product codes or ISBN numbers fell short because they identify classes of products, not necessarily unique physical entities or instances. 
     Yet another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that a user may specify the attributes of a tag at the time of creation in order to simplify the user interface (and thus, enhance the user experience). For example, a user may specify and generate a “voice only” tag. This eliminates the step of pressing multiple buttons to record audio. Then, once the message is recorded and stored in a database, the tag may be scanned during a retrieval process such that the content will be automatically presented to the user. 
     Yet another advantage of aspects of the present invention is that well-established directory service mechanisms may be employed for controlling data access and ensuring information security by treating the tags as traditional data stores. 
     Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the structure and operation of various aspects of the present invention, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left-most digit of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an exemplary contextual messaging system architecture according to one aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a data flow diagram of an exemplary mechanism for storing a message on a virtual message store according to an aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a data flow diagram of an exemplary mechanism for reading a message from a virtual message store according to an aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a data flow diagram of an exemplary inter-domain message reading mechanism according to an aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an exemplary bar-coded tag used as a virtual message store according to an aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an exemplary security-encoded tag according to an aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of an exemplary UUID-encoded tag according to an aspect of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system useful for implementing the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention is directed to systems, methods and computer program products for storing and retrieving of multimedia messages on low-cost tags, where such messages can be attached or affixed to physical, real-world objects. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, an intuitive way to store and retrieve multimedia messages using low-cost barcode or RFID tags, rather than conventional digital mechanisms such as voice mail, SMS, email, etc., physical resources such as paper (e.g., letters, note paper, Post-it® notes, etc.), or verbal communications either directly or by telephone. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a universal resource number mechanism such as the UUID standard promulgated by the Open Software Foundation (and documented in ISO/IEC 11578:1996, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety) is used to uniquely identify the low-cost tags without significant central coordination. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s), a UUID in its most basic form is a 128-bit number frequently displayed as 32 hexadecimal digits, displayed in 5 groups separated by hyphens in the form 8-4-4-4-12 for a total of 36 characters (e.g., “550e8401-e28c-42d4-a726-456655330000”). 
     In other aspects of the present invention, a user may specify the attributes of a tag at the time of creation in order to simplify the user interface. For example, a user may specify whether the tag is meant to store text, audio, pictures and/or video. In such aspects, multiple messages may be recorded onto the tag, and when it is scanned to retrieve messages, the user may also specify the order in which the content needs to be presented or played. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, the user may specify how the tags behave during recording and playback: as a queue (i.e., first-in-first-out (FIFO)); as a stack (i.e., last-in-first-out (LIFO)); or as a “scratch pad” memory. 
     In other aspects of the present invention, directory service mechanisms using well established corporate standard practices may be employed to allow for data access. That is, many enterprises already define users, their roles and data access control mechanisms. By treating the tags as traditional data stores, the same principles may be applied for controlling data access and ensuring information security, all without any “username and password” schemes which can be particularly cumbersome on mobile devices. 
     The present invention is now described in more detail herein in terms of the above exemplary context. This is for convenience only and is not intended to limit the application of the present invention. In fact, after reading the following description, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the following invention in alternative aspects (e.g., using different low-costs tags, affixing the tags to other real-world objects not mentioned herein and the like). 
     The terms “entity,” “organization,” “firm,” “company,” “business,” “individual,” “patient,” “doctor,” “recipient,” “giver,” and/or the plural form of these terms are used interchangeably throughout herein to refer to those persons and entities would benefit from the systems, methods and computer program products that the present invention provide for storing and retrieving of multimedia messages on low-cost tags affixed to physical, real-world objects. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram illustrating an exemplary contextual messaging system architecture  100  for facilitating the storing and retrieving of multimedia messages onto low-cost tags according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. 
     In such an aspect, system  100  includes a one or more low-cost (metal, paper or plastic) tags  102 , such as a bar-coded or RFID tags, capable of being affixed or attached to real-world physical objects. In alternate aspects of the present invention, tags  102  may be a billboard, an LCD screen or the like. 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s), barcodes are ubiquitous and can be found on almost every product that is sold, transported goods, many documents such as letters, postal envelopes, industrial parts and components, groceries and just about anything that needs to be tracked, sold or categorized. There are many barcode technologies/standards that are in use today. Most common are the so-called 1-dimensional codes. In 1-dimensional codes, data is encoded in one dimension, usually horizontal with redundancy in the vertical direction. Examples of such barcode standards include UPC-A, EAN, Postnet, and UCC/EAN 128. In addition, it is possible to store data in two dimensions (both horizontal and vertical). These are referred to as 2D barcodes which usually have higher capacity than their 1-Dimensional counterparts. Examples of 2D barcodes include Data Matrix, MaxiCode and QR Code. There are even emerging 3D barcodes, some microscopic in nature for high value items are in development. In aspects of the present invention, differing types of barcodes, all with sufficient storage capacity are utilized (e.g., the Data Matrix standard). 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification technology similar in application to bar code technology, but uses radio frequency instead of optical signals. An RFID system consists of two major components—a reader and a tag. They work together to provide the end user with a non-contact solution to uniquely identify objects. The reader performs several functions, one of which is to produce a low-level radio frequency magnetic field that serves as a “carrier” of power from the reader to the RFID tag. A passive RFID tag contains an antenna and an integrated circuit (IC). The IC requires only a minimal amount of electrical power to function. The antenna in the tag provides a means for gathering the energy present in the magnetic field produced by the reader, and converts it to an electrical signal for use by the IC. When a tag is brought into the magnetic field produced by the reader, the recovered energy powers the IC, and an electromagnetic signal modulated with data in the memory is transmitted by the tag&#39;s antenna. The electromagnetic signal transmitted from the tag is recovered by an antenna within the reader, and converted back into an electrical form. The reader contains a sensitive receiving system that is designed to detect and process the weak tag signal, demodulating the original data stored in the tag memory. As opposed to passive tags, active tags contain a miniature battery that provides the operating power for the IC. When interrogated by the reader, the IC broadcasts a signal that identifies itself to sensitive reader detection and data transmission circuits. This allows the tag to begin sending its data at a considerably greater distance from the reader than its passive counterpart. Additionally, an active tag uses battery energy to produce a much stronger electromagnetic response signal. This results in a significantly greater read range than a passive tag. 
     Thus, in alternate aspects of the present invention, a tag  102  may be any NFC compliant tag such as NFC Forum Type 2, NFC Forum Type 4, MIFARE® UltraLight, MIFARE® DESFire and the like. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, tags  102  within system  100  may have the following attributes (i.e., meta data) listed in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Attributes of Virtual Storage Tag 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Attribute 
                 Values 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Memory  
                 R 
                 Read Only 
               
               
                 Type: 
                 W 
                 Write Only 
               
               
                   
                 Rec 
                 Recordable 
               
               
                   
                 WORM 
                 Write Once Read Many 
               
               
                 Memory  
                 1-N Kbytes 
                 Storage size typically in  
               
               
                 Size: 
                   
                 kilo or mega bytes 
               
               
                 Content  
                 Any of the Internet standard  
                 Content types such as  
               
               
                 Type: 
                 MIME content types  
                 TEXT, AUDIO, 
               
               
                   
                 according to RFC 2045 and  
                 VIDEO, IMAGE are 
               
               
                   
                 RFC 2046 (each of which is  
                 allowed. 
               
               
                   
                 hereby incorporated herein by  
                   
               
               
                   
                 reference in its entirety) 
                   
               
               
                 Access  
                 PUBLIC 
                 Anyone can access  
               
               
                 Control: 
                   
                 the content 
               
               
                   
                 PRIVATE-&lt;Domain List&gt; 
                 Devices belonging to certain  
               
               
                   
                   
                 domains have access 
               
               
                 Structure: 
                 LIFO 
                 Last in First Out Memory 
               
               
                   
                 FIFO 
                 First In First Out Memory 
               
               
                   
                 Random 
                 Random Access Memory 
               
               
                 Preview: 
                 Yes 
                 Preview of message is  
               
               
                   
                   
                 available 
               
               
                   
                 No 
                 Preview of message is  
               
               
                   
                   
                 not available 
               
               
                 Current  
                 Universal Resource Identifier  
                 URI of the content stored  
               
               
                 Content 
                 (URI) Link to Database  
                 in the database in the network 
               
               
                   
                 or NULL 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In such an aspect, system  100  includes one or more terminals  104  with multimedia capability and equipped with appropriate software and sensors for reading from and writing to tags  102 . Terminals  104  may be mobile telephones (shown as mobile devices  104   a  and  104   b  in  FIG. 1 ), PCs, minicomputers, laptops, palmtops, mainframe computers, microcomputers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) or any other like device having a processor and input and display capability for handling multimedia. 
     System  100  also includes a wireless network  106  for network connectivity between tags  102  and other components of contextual messaging system  100 . In alternate aspects of the present invention, network  106  may utilize one or more transmission protocols such as ZigBee (802.15.4), Cellular (CDMA, TDMA, GSM and others), Wi-Fi, ANT, Bluetooth (802.15.1), or custom wireless protocols working in one or more available frequencies. 
     In such an aspect, system  100  also includes a local registry server (with an associated data store)  108  for storing the attributes of tags  102 , a multimedia server (with an associated data store)  110  for storing and retrieving messages, a global registry  112  for reconciling inter-domain communications and a third-party server (with an associated data store)  114  to connect system  100  to third-party applications such as trouble management systems, content management systems, customer relationship management (CRM) tools and other Internet or Enterprise applications. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a data flow diagram  200  of an exemplary mechanism for storing a message on a virtual message store according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. That is, in such an aspect, flow  200  involves the virtual storing of information (i.e., one or more messages) onto tag  102 . 
     In such an aspect, a user  202  activates a messenger application  204 , that can send and receive meta data and multimedia data from various network connected servers, running on a terminal  104  (e.g., mobile device  104   a  such as the Nokia NFC  6131  mobile telephone). Then, user  202  positions a sensor on mobile device  104  (e.g., a camera or RFID reader chip embedded in a mobile telephone) near tag  102 . Messenger application  204  then reads tag  102  and contacts local register  108 . Then, local register  108  looks up its service registry and sends meta information about tag  102  (see Table 1) back to messenger application  204 . The messenger application, based on the meta information received from local register  108 , may display one or more permissible actions for user  202  to pursue. The actions may include Record Message, Read Message, Delete Message, etc. The messenger application displays the permissible actions as a menu prompt to user  202 . User  202 , in this particular example, chooses to select Record audio, and then records a message. Once recorded by user  202 , the message is then sent to media server  110  for storage. 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, messenger application  204 , in an aspect of the present invention, is a software module loaded onto mobile device  104 . Messenger application  204  has the capability to interact with the attached camera unit to take pictures and read encoded information from tag  102 , it has the capability to interact with Internet and Enterprise networks through IP-based protocols and it has ability to access information and other applications, such as browser or media recording application programming interfaces, available on mobile device  104 . In other aspects, messenger application  204  has the capability to interact with Near Field Communication (NFC) reader equipment available on some mobile devices  104  (e.g., the Nokia NFC  6131  telephone). Overall, the purpose of messenger application  204  is to be able to read tags, interpret the encoded data, offer the ability to record and play back voice (and other media such as video, text and/or any combination thereof) recordings and store/retrieve information from network-based servers. 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s), NFC is an open platform technology specifying short-range, high-frequency wireless communication technology which enables the exchange of data between devices over about a four-inch distance, and standardized in ISO/IEC 18092/ECMA-340: Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a data flow diagram  300  of an exemplary mechanism for reading a message from a virtual message store according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. That is, in such an aspect, flow  300  involves information retrieval from virtual storage tag  102 . 
     In such an aspect, a user  302  activates a messenger application  304  running on a terminal  104  (e.g., mobile device  104   b ). Then, user  302  positions a sensor on mobile device  104  (e.g., a camera or RFID reader chip embedded in a mobile telephone) near tag  102 . Messenger application  304  then reads tag  102  and contacts local register  108 . Then, local register  108  looks up its service registry and sends meta information about tag  102  (see Table 1) back to messenger application  304 . In one aspect, the meta information may command messenger application  304  to receive a message from media server  110 . Messenger application  304  then contacts media server  110  to retrieve the message, and then plays the message to user  302  on terminal  104 . 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, user  202 /messenger application  204  and user  302 /messenger application  304  may or may not be the same person or application, respectively. That is, user  202  who records the message may or may not be the same person who then retrieves the message depending on the application of system  100  (e.g., a doctor recording directions for a patient, a patient recording instructions for themselves to listen to later, or a gift giver attaching a message to a gift recipient). Further, messenger applications  204  and  304  would differ based on the type of terminal device  104  being employed by users  202  and  302 , respectively. 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, system  100  may have a local register  108  for each enterprise or customer for the purpose of maintaining security and enforcing access policy rules. Thus, the local register  108  shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  may or may not be the same local register in alternate aspects of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a data flow diagram  400  of an exemplary inter-domain message reading mechanism according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. 
     In such an aspect, when a tag  102  is read, a messenger application  404  contacts a first local register (LR 1 ) server  108   a  associated with that domain. In one aspect, the domain is pre-determined for every messenger application  404  client loaded onto a mobile device  104 . The LR 1  server  108   a  checks if the identifier associated with tag  102  is registered in its associated database. If not, then it might be a case of the tag belonging to a different functional domain (such as an Enterprise not served by the current local register server) or service provider. The LR 1  server  108   a  would then contact a global register  112  through “Check Credentials” message. Global register  112  would then check its associated database for registration information about tag  102 . 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, the “Check Credentials” message in an aspect is comprised of at least three parameters: Ti—the tag ID; Ui—the user ID; and Oi—the operation ID. 
     In an aspect of the present invention, only those tags identified for inter-domain communications by a service provider are listed within global register  112 . Global register server  112  would then send, through a Redirect message, the address of a second (foreign) local register (LR 2 ) server  108   b  which holds information for tag  102 . LR 1  would then contact LR 2 , through Check Credentials message, to obtain metadata about the tag, such as attributes associated with the tag and the applicable media server  110  which stores and serves the content (i.e., multimedia message) for the tag. The attribute information received by LR 1   108   a , through “Meta Data” message, is then sent to the messenger application  404 . As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, the “Meta Data” message in an aspect is comprised of at least one [attribute, value] pairs (denoted as [a n , v n ] pairs in  FIG. 4 ). Depending upon the attributes, messenger application  404  provides appropriate options to user  402 . User  402  can either read the message, or record a message. In case of recording, messenger application  404  sends the recorded information directly to foreign media server  110 . 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the description herein, system  100  may utilize one or more of the UDP, TCP, SIP, FTP, HTTP, RTP and like protocols for the reading and writing operations onto media server  110  (as shown in data flow  200 ,  300  and  400 ) in alternate aspects of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , a block diagram of an exemplary bar-coded tag  102  used as a virtual message store according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. Tag  102  shows a two-dimensional matrix barcode encoded with an identifier. In such an aspect, the surface of tag  102  would be labeled with a company name, service name (e.g., audio notes) and the marketing brand name of the tag (e.g., Flashtagg™ as shown in  FIG. 5 ). Further, the surface of tag  102  is labeled with a characteristic of the tag. For example, the letters “RW”, which stand for “Read and Write”, is displayed on tag  102 . This lets users know that tag  102  can be used for both reading and recording a message. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , a block diagram of an exemplary security-encoded message tag  102  according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. In such an aspect, tag  102  is comprised of a tag encoded with a message code used for generating and reading contextual messaging and another tag encoded with a security code. The purpose of the security code is to add an extra layer of protection so that the device used for reading needs to read and match both of the codes in order to perform a valid operation, such as reading or writing a message onto the tag. Adding a security code separately, as shown instead of in the main message code, reduces the size of the barcode. In general, the more characters there are, the bigger the barcode size is. In addition, the security code can also be “pasted” or applied onto a pre-printed tag and activated when a read or write operation is done on the tag by a mobile device. The advantage of this method is that it adds an additional layer of security to reduce the possibility of an unauthorized person guessing the codes and trying to read messages by randomly printing the codes. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a block diagram of an exemplary UUID-encoded, two-dimensional matrix tag  102  according to an aspect of the present invention is shown. In such an aspect, the UUID information may also be printed on the surface of tag  102 . The UUID code, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s), can be generated and managed independently using multiple computer systems. That is, the barcodes or tags  102  can be generated by users of the present invention independently, yet still can be guaranteed to be globally unique. This removes the overhead of centrally managing and assigning identifiers to tags  102  by a single database system. 
     The present invention (i.e., system  100 , data flow  200 ,  300 , or  400  or any part(s) or function(s) thereof) may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may be implemented in one or more computer systems or other processing systems. However, the manipulations performed by the present invention were often referred to in terms, such as adding or comparing, which are commonly associated with mental operations performed by a human operator. No such capability of a human operator is necessary, or desirable in most cases, in any of the operations described herein which form part of the present invention. Rather, the operations are machine operations. Useful machines for performing the operation of the present invention include general purpose digital computers or similar devices. 
     In fact, in one aspect, the invention is directed toward one or more computer systems capable of carrying out the functionality described herein. An example of a computer system  800  is shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     Computer system  800  includes one or more processors, such as processor  804 . The processor  804  is connected to a communication infrastructure  806  (e.g., a communications bus, cross-over bar, or network). Various software aspects are described in terms of this exemplary computer system. After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or architectures. 
     Computer system  800  can include a display interface  802  that forwards graphics, text, and other data from the communication infrastructure  806  (or from a frame buffer not shown) for display on the display unit  830 . 
     Computer system  800  also includes a main memory  808 , preferably random access memory (RAM), and may also include a secondary memory  810 . The secondary memory  810  may include, for example, a hard disk drive  812  and/or a removable storage drive  814 , representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive  814  reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit  818  in a well known manner. Removable storage unit  818  represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive  814 . As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit  818  includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data. 
     In alternative aspects, secondary memory  810  may include other similar devices for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system  800 . Such devices may include, for example, a removable storage unit  822  and an interface  820 . Examples of such may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), or programmable read only memory (PROM)) and associated socket, and other removable storage units  822  and interfaces  820 , which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit  822  to computer system  800 . 
     Computer system  800  may also include a communications interface  824 . Communications interface  824  allows software and data to be transferred between computer system  800  and external devices. Examples of communications interface  824  may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) slot and card, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface  824  are in the form of signals  828  which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by communications interface  824 . These signals  828  are provided to communications interface  824  via a communications path (e.g., channel)  826 . This channel  826  carries signals  828  and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a telephone line, a cellular link, an radio frequency (RF) link and other communications channels. 
     In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and “computer usable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as removable storage drive  814 , a hard disk installed in hard disk drive  812 , and signals  828 . These computer program products provide software to computer system  800 . The invention is directed to such computer program products. 
     Computer programs (also referred to as computer control logic) are stored in main memory  808  and/or secondary memory  810 . Computer programs may also be received via communications interface  824 . Such computer programs, when executed, enable the computer system  800  to perform the features of the present invention, as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable the processor  804  to perform the features of the present invention. Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of the computer system  800 . 
     In an aspect where the invention is implemented using software, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system  800  using removable storage drive  814 , hard drive  812  or communications interface  824 . The control logic (software), when executed by the processor  804 , causes the processor  804  to perform the functions of the invention as described herein. 
     In another aspect, the invention is implemented primarily in hardware using, for example, hardware components such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform the functions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s). 
     In yet another aspect, the invention is implemented using a combination of both hardware and software. 
     As will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s) after reading the foregoing description, one aspect the present invention would enable a doctor providing instructions to a patient on the usage of a particular prescription drug to provide for a way to listen to doctor&#39;s instructions at the time and place of actually taking the drug by the patient. Thus, in such an aspect, the doctor would have—next to their conventional prescription pad—a pad of Post-it® notes (or any other brand or kind of note paper with attaching means capable of being affixed to common object surfaces, which would then serve as the low-cost tag  102  of system  100 ) with each sheet of the pad having a pre-printed UUID barcode. The doctor could then, after writing a prescription on their conventional prescription pad, take one of the pre-printed, UUID-encoded Post-it® notes, scan it with their mobile device  104  (e.g., the camera on a Nokia N95 smartphone), and record a detailed message regarding directions for the drug&#39;s usage. The message would then be stored on media server  110  as shown in  FIG. 2 ). Then, the patient can take the pre-printed, UUID-encoded Post-it® note and affix it to the prescription bottle once the prescription is filled. Then, at any time in the future when the patient desires to hear the doctor&#39;s instructions, they can scan the UUID-encoded tag  102  with their mobile device  104 , and hear the recorded instructions (once retrieved from media server  110  as shown in  FIG. 3  or  FIG. 4 ). 
     While various aspects of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention should not be limited by any of the above described exemplary aspects, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 
     In addition, it should be understood that the figures in the attachments, which highlight the structure, methodology, functionality and advantages of the present invention, are presented for example purposes only. The present invention is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be implemented in ways other than that shown in the accompanying figures. 
     Further, the purpose of the foregoing Abstract is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and especially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the relevant art(s) who are not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of this technical disclosure. The Abstract is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the present invention in any way.