Patent Publication Number: US-2021168852-A1

Title: Mode-1 downlink control information transmission-reception for configured sidelink scheduling in nr v2x

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/976,297, which was filed Feb. 13, 2020; the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     Embodiments relate generally to the technical field of wireless communications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     3GPP RAN finalized the Study Item (SI) on NR-V2X and approved a new Work Item (WI) to develop the corresponding specifications for 5G V2X, especially the sidelink (SL) part based on NR. 
     NR V2X supports gNB controlled sidelink resource allocation mode. Most of the functionality have been defined already and some open issues were identified are pending design of proper solution. Such issues include details of DCI design for both dynamic scheduling and configured scheduling (w/semi-static signaling for configuration of sidelink transmission). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example of reference downlink timing in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a network in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a wireless network in accordance with various embodiments. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
         FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C  illustrate examples of operation flow/algorithmic structures in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrases “A or B” and “A/B” mean (A), (B), or (A and B). 
     Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosure may be directed to the following aspects of Mode-1 DCI design: (1) determination of activation, release, and dynamic grant DCI scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI; and (2) determination of configured sidelink slots for Type 1 configured sidelink scheduling. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to determine how activation DCI, release DCI, and dynamic retransmission DCI are distinguished for DCI formats 3_0/3_1 for Mode−1 sidelink resource allocation. Furthermore, in case of asynchronous DL and SL carriers, embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to determine how a UE determines transmission slots with respect to SFN or DFN when activated with Type 1 configured scheduling. 
     Activation/Deactivation DCI 3_0/3_1 for Configured SL Scheduling 
     For configured grant Type 2, embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to determine how activation, release, and retransmission grant are distinguished. 
     First, activation/release scrambled with SL-CS-RNTI and dynamic grant scrambled with SL-CS-RNTI can be distinguished by a value of NDI, as it is done in LTE/NR Uu. In this case, NDI=0 is treated as activation/release and NDI=1 is treated as ReTX grant. 
     Further, in order to distinguish activation and release the following options are considered:
         Option A. an invalid state of one of the fields may be used. At this stage, there is no obvious candidate field which has an invalid state.   Option B. different state of a field unused in case of SL-CS-RNTI. Such a field can be HARQ ID, if it is unused in case of dynamic retransmission scheduling.   Option C. a new 1-bit flag to distinguish activation and release. Given that there is already a field unused in activation/release, as discussed in Option B, introduction of a new flag is unjustified.       

     In order to realize option B, the following table is proposed in accordance with some embodiments: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Activation 
                 Release 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 3_0/3_1 
                 DCI format 3_0/3_1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 HARQ process number 
                 set to ‘0000’ 
                 set to ‘1111’ or ‘0001’ 
               
               
                   
                 (alternatively set to 
                 (alternatively set to 
               
               
                   
                 ‘1111’ or ‘0001’) 
                 ‘0000’) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In case of release, additional fields such as time and frequency resources assignment can be set to default value in order to minimize positive FAR. In order to realize it, the following table is proposed in accordance with some embodiments: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Activation 
                 Release 
               
               
                   
                 DCI format 3_0/3_1 
                 DCI format 3_0/3_1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 HARQ process number 
                 set to ‘0000’ 
                 set to ‘1111’ or ‘0001’ 
               
               
                   
                 (alternatively set to 
                 (alternatively set to 
               
               
                   
                 ‘1111’ or ‘0001’) 
                 ‘0000’) 
               
               
                 Frequency offset 
                   
                 set to all ‘1’ 
               
               
                 Time offset 
                   
                 set to all ‘1’ 
               
               
                 Frequency resource 
                   
                 set to all ‘1’ 
               
               
                 indication 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Time resource indication 
                   
                 set to all ‘1’ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     HARQ Process ID Determination for Configured Grants 
     In case of dynamic grant, HARQ ID and NDI were agreed to allow network to track UE buffer changes once it schedules initial transmission or retransmission. However, configured grant operation is usually based on traffic pattern characteristics rather the buffer status. Furthermore, usage of CG resources was agreed to be up to the UE, e.g., which resource to use for which TB. Taking this into account, there may be little or no benefit for a gNB to control HARQ process ID determination for configured grant cases. Instead, a configuration index can be used to refer to a semi-persistent process. 
     In cases where a ReTX of configured grant is scheduled, the HARQ ID field can be skipped/re-interpreted. 
     Timing Determination for Configured Grant Type 1 in Cross RAT Scheduling and Same RAT Scheduling 
       
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Agreements:  
               
               
                 • For dynamic grant and configured grant type-2, the slot of the first  
               
               
                 sidelink transmission is the in the first SL slot of the corresponding  
               
               
                 resource pool that starts not earlier than (working assumption for the  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             formula 
                             ) 
                           
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           
                             T 
                             DL 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               T 
                               TA 
                             
                             2 
                           
                           × 
                           
                             T 
                             C 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           m 
                           × 
                           
                             T 
                             slot 
                           
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           where 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           
                             T 
                             DL 
                           
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           is 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           starting 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           time 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           of 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           the 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 slot carrying the corresponding DCI, T TA  is the timing advance value and  
               
               
                 m is the slot offset (based on the SL numerology) between DCI and the  
               
               
                 first sidelink transmission scheduled by DCI, T c  is as defined in 38.211,  
               
               
                 and T slot  is the SL slot duration.  
               
               
                  ○ FFS the case of CG type 1  
               
               
                 • FFS the application of the above formula to cross-RAT scheduling. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The proposed working assumption seems working well for all cases of different and same numerology on SL and DL carrier, thus it can be confirmed. 
     In case of configured grant type 1, which does not have associated DCI reception time, there are two alternatives in accordance with some embodiments as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , which illustrates an example of reference DL timing for the case of Type 1 configured sidelink scheduling:
         Alt 1. The formula is not applied, and the configured slot offset with respect to DFN=0 is used. In this case there is a potential issue that gNB does not know usage of resources in a resource pool due to asynchronous timing. Therefore, dynamically scheduled transmissions or Type 2 CG transmissions may collide with Type 1 CG transmissions even scheduled by the same gNB.   Alt 2. TDL is the corresponding SFN=0 timing observed at a UE, and ‘m’ is calculated based on RRC-configured DFN offset. This option is suitable if the working assumption is confirmed.   Alt 3. the difference between SFN0 and DFN0 timings is to indicated by UE to network by request from gNB.
           UE can provide periodic update with preconfigured period on time difference between SFN and DFN. As an estimate of SFN timing UE can use DL RX timing−TA/2.   UE can provide event-triggered update to gNB when difference between SFN and DFN timing changes on preconfigured or predefined value Δ.   
               

     Alt 2 may work under the assumption that the working assumption is held. 
     Systems and Implementations 
       FIGS. 2-3  illustrate various systems, devices, and components that may implement aspects of disclosed embodiments. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a network  200  in accordance with various embodiments. The network  200  may operate in a manner consistent with 3GPP technical specifications for LTE or 5G/NR systems. However, the example embodiments are not limited in this regard and the described embodiments may apply to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems, or the like. 
     The network  200  may include a UE  202 , which may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device designed to communicate with a RAN  204  via an over-the-air connection. The UE  202  may be, but is not limited to, a smartphone, tablet computer, wearable computer device, desktop computer, laptop computer, in-vehicle infotainment, in-car entertainment device, instrument cluster, head-up display device, onboard diagnostic device, dashtop mobile equipment, mobile data terminal, electronic engine management system, electronic/engine control unit, electronic/engine control module, embedded system, sensor, microcontroller, control module, engine management system, networked appliance, machine-type communication device, M2M or D2D device, IoT device, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the network  200  may include a plurality of UEs coupled directly with one another via a sidelink interface. The UEs may be M2M/D2D devices that communicate using physical sidelink channels such as, but not limited to, PSBCH, PSDCH, PSSCH, PSCCH, PSFCH, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the UE  202  may additionally communicate with an AP  206  via an over-the-air connection. The AP  206  may manage a WLAN connection, which may serve to offload some/all network traffic from the RAN  204 . The connection between the UE  202  and the AP  206  may be consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP  206  could be a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) router. In some embodiments, the UE  202 , RAN  204 , and AP  206  may utilize cellular-WLAN aggregation (for example, LWA/LWIP). Cellular-WLAN aggregation may involve the UE  202  being configured by the RAN  204  to utilize both cellular radio resources and WLAN resources. 
     The RAN  204  may include one or more access nodes, for example, AN  208 . AN  208  may terminate air-interface protocols for the UE  202  by providing access stratum protocols including RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and L1 protocols. In this manner, the AN  208  may enable data/voice connectivity between CN  220  and the UE  202 . In some embodiments, the AN  208  may be implemented in a discrete device or as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of, for example, a virtual network, which may be referred to as a CRAN or virtual baseband unit pool. The AN  208  be referred to as a BS, gNB, RAN node, eNB, ng-eNB, NodeB, RSU, TRxP, TRP, etc. The AN  208  may be a macrocell base station or a low power base station for providing femtocells, picocells or other like cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells. 
     In embodiments in which the RAN  204  includes a plurality of ANs, they may be coupled with one another via an X2 interface (if the RAN  204  is an LTE RAN) or an Xn interface (if the RAN  204  is a 5G RAN). The X2/Xn interfaces, which may be separated into control/user plane interfaces in some embodiments, may allow the ANs to communicate information related to handovers, data/context transfers, mobility, load management, interference coordination, etc. 
     The ANs of the RAN  204  may each manage one or more cells, cell groups, component carriers, etc. to provide the UE  202  with an air interface for network access. The UE  202  may be simultaneously connected with a plurality of cells provided by the same or different ANs of the RAN  204 . For example, the UE  202  and RAN  204  may use carrier aggregation to allow the UE  202  to connect with a plurality of component carriers, each corresponding to a Pcell or Scell. In dual connectivity scenarios, a first AN may be a master node that provides an MCG and a second AN may be secondary node that provides an SCG. The first/second ANs may be any combination of eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, etc. 
     The RAN  204  may provide the air interface over a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. To operate in the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may use LAA, eLAA, and/or feLAA mechanisms based on CA technology with PCells/Scells. Prior to accessing the unlicensed spectrum, the nodes may perform medium/carrier-sensing operations based on, for example, a listen-before-talk (LBT) protocol. 
     In V2X scenarios the UE  202  or AN  208  may be or act as a RSU, which may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity used for V2X communications. An RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable AN or a stationary (or relatively stationary) UE. An RSU implemented in or by: a UE may be referred to as a “UE-type RSU”; an eNB may be referred to as an “eNB-type RSU”; a gNB may be referred to as a “gNB-type RSU”; and the like. In one example, an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located on a roadside that provides connectivity support to passing vehicle UEs. The RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry to store intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, as well as applications/software to sense and control ongoing vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The RSU may provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as crash avoidance, traffic warnings, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU may provide other cellular/WLAN communications services. The components of the RSU may be packaged in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) to a traffic signal controller or a backhaul network. 
     In some embodiments, the RAN  204  may be an LTE RAN  210  with eNBs, for example, eNB  212 . The LTE RAN  210  may provide an LTE air interface with the following characteristics: SCS of 15 kHz; CP-OFDM waveform for DL and SC-FDMA waveform for UL; turbo codes for data and TBCC for control; etc. The LTE air interface may rely on CSI-RS for CSI acquisition and beam management; PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS for PDSCH/PDCCH demodulation; and CRS for cell search and initial acquisition, channel quality measurements, and channel estimation for coherent demodulation/detection at the UE. The LTE air interface may operating on sub-6 GHz bands. 
     In some embodiments, the RAN  204  may be an NG-RAN  214  with gNBs, for example, gNB  216 , or ng-eNBs, for example, ng-eNB  218 . The gNB  216  may connect with 5G-enabled UEs using a 5G NR interface. The gNB  216  may connect with a 5G core through an NG interface, which may include an N2 interface or an N3 interface. The ng-eNB  218  may also connect with the 5G core through an NG interface, but may connect with a UE via an LTE air interface. The gNB  216  and the ng-eNB  218  may connect with each other over an Xn interface. 
     In some embodiments, the NG interface may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the nodes of the NG-RAN  214  and a UPF  248  (e.g., N3 interface), and an NG control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the nodes of the NG-RAN  214  and an AMF  244  (e.g., N2 interface). 
     The NG-RAN  214  may provide a 5G-NR air interface with the following characteristics: variable SCS; CP-OFDM for DL, CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL; polar, repetition, simplex, and Reed-Muller codes for control and LDPC for data. The 5G-NR air interface may rely on CSI-RS, PDSCH/PDCCH DMRS similar to the LTE air interface. The 5G-NR air interface may not use a CRS, but may use PBCH DMRS for PBCH demodulation; PTRS for phase tracking for PDSCH; and tracking reference signal for time tracking. The 5G-NR air interface may operating on FR1 bands that include sub-6 GHz bands or FR2 bands that include bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The 5G-NR air interface may include an SSB that is an area of a downlink resource grid that includes PSS/SSS/PBCH. 
     In some embodiments, the 5G-NR air interface may utilize BWPs for various purposes. For example, BWP can be used for dynamic adaptation of the SCS. For example, the UE  202  can be configured with multiple BWPs where each BWP configuration has a different SCS. When a BWP change is indicated to the UE  202 , the SCS of the transmission is changed as well. Another use case example of BWP is related to power saving. In particular, multiple BWPs can be configured for the UE  202  with different amount of frequency resources (for example, PRBs) to support data transmission under different traffic loading scenarios. A BWP containing a smaller number of PRBs can be used for data transmission with small traffic load while allowing power saving at the UE  202  and in some cases at the gNB  216 . A BWP containing a larger number of PRBs can be used for scenarios with higher traffic load. 
     The RAN  204  is communicatively coupled to CN  220  that includes network elements to provide various functions to support data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (for example, users of UE  202 ). The components of the CN  220  may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes. In some embodiments, NFV may be utilized to virtualize any or all of the functions provided by the network elements of the CN  220  onto physical compute/storage resources in servers, switches, etc. A logical instantiation of the CN  220  may be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN  220  may be referred to as a network sub-slice. 
     In some embodiments, the CN  220  may be an LTE CN  222 , which may also be referred to as an EPC. The LTE CN  222  may include MME  224 , SGW  226 , SGSN  228 , HSS  230 , PGW  232 , and PCRF  234  coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the LTE CN  222  may be briefly introduced as follows. 
     The MME  224  may implement mobility management functions to track a current location of the UE  202  to facilitate paging, bearer activation/deactivation, handovers, gateway selection, authentication, etc. 
     The SGW  226  may terminate an S1 interface toward the RAN and route data packets between the RAN and the LTE CN  222 . The SGW  226  may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement. 
     The SGSN  228  may track a location of the UE  202  and perform security functions and access control. In addition, the SGSN  228  may perform inter-EPC node signaling for mobility between different RAT networks; PDN and S-GW selection as specified by MME  224 ; MME selection for handovers; etc. The S3 reference point between the MME  224  and the SGSN  228  may enable user and bearer information exchange for inter-3GPP access network mobility in idle/active states. 
     The HSS  230  may include a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions. The HSS  230  can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc. An S6a reference point between the HSS  230  and the MME  224  may enable transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the LTE CN  220 . 
     The PGW  232  may terminate an SGi interface toward a data network (DN)  236  that may include an application/content server  238 . The PGW  232  may route data packets between the LTE CN  222  and the data network  236 . The PGW  232  may be coupled with the SGW  226  by an S5 reference point to facilitate user plane tunneling and tunnel management. The PGW  232  may further include a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection (for example, PCEF). Additionally, the SGi reference point between the PGW  232  and the data network  236  may be an operator external public, a private PDN, or an intra-operator packet data network, for example, for provision of IMS services. The PGW  232  may be coupled with a PCRF  234  via a Gx reference point. 
     The PCRF  234  is the policy and charging control element of the LTE CN  222 . The PCRF  234  may be communicatively coupled to the app/content server  238  to determine appropriate QoS and charging parameters for service flows. The PCRF  232  may provision associated rules into a PCEF (via Gx reference point) with appropriate TFT and QCI. 
     In some embodiments, the CN  220  may be a 5GC  240 . The 5GC  240  may include an AUSF  242 , AMF  244 , SMF  246 , UPF  248 , NSSF  250 , NEF  252 , NRF  254 , PCF  256 , UDM  258 , and AF  260  coupled with one another over interfaces (or “reference points”) as shown. Functions of the elements of the 5GC  240  may be briefly introduced as follows. 
     The AUSF  242  may store data for authentication of UE  202  and handle authentication-related functionality. The AUSF  242  may facilitate a common authentication framework for various access types. In addition to communicating with other elements of the 5GC  240  over reference points as shown, the AUSF  242  may exhibit an Nausf service-based interface. 
     The AMF  244  may allow other functions of the 5GC  240  to communicate with the UE  202  and the RAN  204  and to subscribe to notifications about mobility events with respect to the UE  202 . The AMF  244  may be responsible for registration management (for example, for registering UE  202 ), connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception of AMF-related events, and access authentication and authorization. The AMF  244  may provide transport for SM messages between the UE  202  and the SMF  246 , and act as a transparent proxy for routing SM messages. AMF  244  may also provide transport for SMS messages between UE  202  and an SMSF. AMF  244  may interact with the AUSF  242  and the UE  202  to perform various security anchor and context management functions. Furthermore, AMF  244  may be a termination point of a RAN CP interface, which may include or be an N2 reference point between the RAN  204  and the AMF  244 ; and the AMF  244  may be a termination point of NAS (N1) signaling, and perform NAS ciphering and integrity protection. AMF  244  may also support NAS signaling with the UE  202  over an N3 IWF interface. 
     The SMF  246  may be responsible for SM (for example, session establishment, tunnel management between UPF  248  and AN  208 ); UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization); selection and control of UP function; configuring traffic steering at UPF  248  to route traffic to proper destination; termination of interfaces toward policy control functions; controlling part of policy enforcement, charging, and QoS; lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI system); termination of SM parts of NAS messages; downlink data notification; initiating AN specific SM information, sent via AMF  244  over N2 to AN  208 ; and determining SSC mode of a session. SM may refer to management of a PDU session, and a PDU session or “session” may refer to a PDU connectivity service that provides or enables the exchange of PDUs between the UE  202  and the data network  236 . 
     The UPF  248  may act as an anchor point for intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, an external PDU session point of interconnect to data network  236 , and a branching point to support multi-homed PDU session. The UPF  248  may also perform packet routing and forwarding, perform packet inspection, enforce the user plane part of policy rules, lawfully intercept packets (UP collection), perform traffic usage reporting, perform QoS handling for a user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL/DL rate enforcement), perform uplink traffic verification (e.g., SDF-to-QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, and perform downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering. UPF  248  may include an uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network. 
     The NSSF  250  may select a set of network slice instances serving the UE  202 . The NSSF  250  may also determine allowed NSSAI and the mapping to the subscribed S-NSSAIs, if needed. The NSSF  250  may also determine the AMF set to be used to serve the UE  202 , or a list of candidate AMFs based on a suitable configuration and possibly by querying the NRF  254 . The selection of a set of network slice instances for the UE  202  may be triggered by the AMF  244  with which the UE  202  is registered by interacting with the NSSF  250 , which may lead to a change of AMF. The NSSF  250  may interact with the AMF  244  via an N22 reference point; and may communicate with another NSSF in a visited network via an N31 reference point (not shown). Additionally, the NSSF  250  may exhibit an Nnssf service-based interface. 
     The NEF  252  may securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions for third party, internal exposure/re-exposure, AFs (e.g., AF  260 ), edge computing or fog computing systems, etc. In such embodiments, the NEF  252  may authenticate, authorize, or throttle the AFs. NEF  252  may also translate information exchanged with the AF  260  and information exchanged with internal network functions. For example, the NEF  252  may translate between an AF-Service-Identifier and an internal 5GC information. NEF  252  may also receive information from other NFs based on exposed capabilities of other NFs. This information may be stored at the NEF  252  as structured data, or at a data storage NF using standardized interfaces. The stored information can then be re-exposed by the NEF  252  to other NFs and AFs, or used for other purposes such as analytics. Additionally, the NEF  252  may exhibit an Nnef service-based interface. 
     The NRF  254  may support service discovery functions, receive NF discovery requests from NF instances, and provide the information of the discovered NF instances to the NF instances. NRF  254  also maintains information of available NF instances and their supported services. As used herein, the terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like may refer to the creation of an instance, and an “instance” may refer to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. Additionally, the NRF  254  may exhibit the Nnrf service-based interface. 
     The PCF  256  may provide policy rules to control plane functions to enforce them, and may also support unified policy framework to govern network behavior. The PCF  256  may also implement a front end to access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a UDR of the UDM  258 . In addition to communicating with functions over reference points as shown, the PCF  256  exhibit an Npcf service-based interface. 
     The UDM  258  may handle subscription-related information to support the network entities&#39; handling of communication sessions, and may store subscription data of UE  202 . For example, subscription data may be communicated via an N8 reference point between the UDM  258  and the AMF  244 . The UDM  258  may include two parts, an application front end and a UDR. The UDR may store subscription data and policy data for the UDM  258  and the PCF  256 , and/or structured data for exposure and application data (including PFDs for application detection, application request information for multiple UEs  202 ) for the NEF  252 . The Nudr service-based interface may be exhibited by the UDR  221  to allow the UDM  258 , PCF  256 , and NEF  252  to access a particular set of the stored data, as well as to read, update (e.g., add, modify), delete, and subscribe to notification of relevant data changes in the UDR. The UDM may include a UDM-FE, which is in charge of processing credentials, location management, subscription management and so on. Several different front ends may serve the same user in different transactions. The UDM-FE accesses subscription information stored in the UDR and performs authentication credential processing, user identification handling, access authorization, registration/mobility management, and subscription management. In addition to communicating with other NFs over reference points as shown, the UDM  258  may exhibit the Nudm service-based interface. 
     The AF  260  may provide application influence on traffic routing, provide access to NEF, and interact with the policy framework for policy control. 
     In some embodiments, the 5GC  240  may enable edge computing by selecting operator/3rd party services to be geographically close to a point that the UE  202  is attached to the network. This may reduce latency and load on the network. To provide edge-computing implementations, the 5GC  240  may select a UPF  248  close to the UE  202  and execute traffic steering from the UPF  248  to data network  236  via the N6 interface. This may be based on the UE subscription data, UE location, and information provided by the AF  260 . In this way, the AF  260  may influence UPF (re)selection and traffic routing. Based on operator deployment, when AF  260  is considered to be a trusted entity, the network operator may permit AF  260  to interact directly with relevant NFs. Additionally, the AF  260  may exhibit an Naf service-based interface. 
     The data network  236  may represent various network operator services, Internet access, or third party services that may be provided by one or more servers including, for example, application/content server  238 . 
       FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a wireless network  300  in accordance with various embodiments. The wireless network  300  may include a UE  302  in wireless communication with an AN  304 . The UE  302  and AN  304  may be similar to, and substantially interchangeable with, like-named components described elsewhere herein. 
     The UE  302  may be communicatively coupled with the AN  304  via connection  306 . The connection  306  is illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols such as an LTE protocol or a 5G NR protocol operating at mmWave or sub-6 GHz frequencies. 
     The UE  302  may include a host platform  308  coupled with a modem platform  310 . The host platform  308  may include application processing circuitry  312 , which may be coupled with protocol processing circuitry  314  of the modem platform  310 . The application processing circuitry  312  may run various applications for the UE  302  that source/sink application data. The application processing circuitry  312  may further implement one or more layer operations to transmit/receive application data to/from a data network. These layer operations may include transport (for example UDP) and Internet (for example, IP) operations 
     The protocol processing circuitry  314  may implement one or more of layer operations to facilitate transmission or reception of data over the connection  306 . The layer operations implemented by the protocol processing circuitry  314  may include, for example, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC and NAS operations. 
     The modem platform  310  may further include digital baseband circuitry  316  that may implement one or more layer operations that are “below” layer operations performed by the protocol processing circuitry  314  in a network protocol stack. These operations may include, for example, PHY operations including one or more of HARQ-ACK functions, scrambling/descrambling, encoding/decoding, layer mapping/de-mapping, modulation symbol mapping, received symbol/bit metric determination, multi-antenna port precoding/decoding, which may include one or more of space-time, space-frequency or spatial coding, reference signal generation/detection, preamble sequence generation and/or decoding, synchronization sequence generation/detection, control channel signal blind decoding, and other related functions. 
     The modem platform  310  may further include transmit circuitry  318 , receive circuitry  320 , RF circuitry  322 , and RF front end (RFFE)  324 , which may include or connect to one or more antenna panels  326 . Briefly, the transmit circuitry  318  may include a digital-to-analog converter, mixer, intermediate frequency (IF) components, etc.; the receive circuitry  320  may include an analog-to-digital converter, mixer, IF components, etc.; the RF circuitry  322  may include a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, power tracking components, etc.; RFFE  324  may include filters (for example, surface/bulk acoustic wave filters), switches, antenna tuners, beamforming components (for example, phase-array antenna components), etc. The selection and arrangement of the components of the transmit circuitry  318 , receive circuitry  320 , RF circuitry  322 , RFFE  324 , and antenna panels  326  (referred generically as “transmit/receive components”) may be specific to details of a specific implementation such as, for example, whether communication is TDM or FDM, in mmWave or sub-6 gHz frequencies, etc. In some embodiments, the transmit/receive components may be arranged in multiple parallel transmit/receive chains, may be disposed in the same or different chips/modules, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the protocol processing circuitry  314  may include one or more instances of control circuitry (not shown) to provide control functions for the transmit/receive components. 
     A UE reception may be established by and via the antenna panels  326 , RFFE  324 , RF circuitry  322 , receive circuitry  320 , digital baseband circuitry  316 , and protocol processing circuitry  314 . In some embodiments, the antenna panels  326  may receive a transmission from the AN  304  by receive-beamforming signals received by a plurality of antennas/antenna elements of the one or more antenna panels  326 . 
     A UE transmission may be established by and via the protocol processing circuitry  314 , digital baseband circuitry  316 , transmit circuitry  318 , RF circuitry  322 , RFFE  324 , and antenna panels  326 . In some embodiments, the transmit components of the UE  304  may apply a spatial filter to the data to be transmitted to form a transmit beam emitted by the antenna elements of the antenna panels  326 . 
     Similar to the UE  302 , the AN  304  may include a host platform  328  coupled with a modem platform  330 . The host platform  328  may include application processing circuitry  332  coupled with protocol processing circuitry  334  of the modem platform  330 . The modem platform may further include digital baseband circuitry  336 , transmit circuitry  338 , receive circuitry  340 , RF circuitry  342 , RFFE circuitry  344 , and antenna panels  346 . The components of the AN  304  may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with like-named components of the UE  302 . In addition to performing data transmission/reception as described above, the components of the AN  308  may perform various logical functions that include, for example, RNC functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management, and data packet scheduling. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG. 4  shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources  400  including one or more processors (or processor cores)  410 , one or more memory/storage devices  420 , and one or more communication resources  430 , each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus  440  or other interface circuitry. For embodiments where node virtualization (e.g., NFV) is utilized, a hypervisor  402  may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/sub-slices to utilize the hardware resources  400 . 
     The processors  410  may include, for example, a processor  412  and a processor  414 . The processors  410  may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a DSP such as a baseband processor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor (including those discussed herein), or any suitable combination thereof. 
     The memory/storage devices  420  may include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory/storage devices  420  may include, but are not limited to, any type of volatile, non-volatile, or semi-volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc. 
     The communication resources  430  may include interconnection or network interface controllers, components, or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices  404  or one or more databases  406  or other network elements via a network  408 . For example, the communication resources  430  may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via USB, Ethernet, etc.), cellular communication components, NFC components, Bluetooth® (or Bluetooth® Low Energy) components, Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components. 
     Instructions  450  may comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors  410  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The instructions  450  may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processors  410  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), the memory/storage devices  420 , or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of the instructions  450  may be transferred to the hardware resources  400  from any combination of the peripheral devices  404  or the databases  406 . Accordingly, the memory of processors  410 , the memory/storage devices  420 , the peripheral devices  404 , and the databases  406  are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media. 
     Example Procedures 
     For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section. 
     In various embodiments, the devices/components of  FIGS. 2-4 , and particularly the baseband circuitry of  FIG. 3 , may be used to practice, in whole or in part, any of the operation flow/algorithmic structures depicted in  FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C . 
     One example of an operation flow/algorithmic structure is depicted in  FIG. 5A . In this example, operation flow/algorithmic structure  500  may include, at  505 , retrieving, from memory, downlink control information (DCI) associated with a configured grant sidelink transmission by a user equipment (UE), wherein the DCI includes an indication of an activation or release of a sidelink resource. Operation flow/algorithmic structure  500  may further include, at  510 , encoding a message for transmission to the UE that includes the DCI scrambled by a sidelink-configured scheduling-radio network temporary identifier (SL-CS-RNTI). 
     Another example of an operation flow/algorithmic structure is depicted in  FIG. 5B . In this example, operation flow/algorithmic structure  520  may include, at  525 , determining downlink control information (DCI) associated with a configured grant sidelink transmission by a user equipment (UE), wherein the DCI includes an indication of an activation or release of a sidelink resource. Operation flow/algorithmic structure  520  may further include, at  530 , encoding a message for transmission to the UE that includes the DCI scrambled by a sidelink-configured scheduling-radio network temporary identifier (SL-CS-RNTI). 
     Another example of an operation flow/algorithmic structure is depicted in  FIG. 5C . In this example, operation flow/algorithmic structure  540  may include, at  545 , receiving a message that includes downlink control information (DCI) associated with a configured grant sidelink transmission, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a sidelink-configured scheduling-radio network temporary identifier (SL-CS-RNTI), and wherein the DCI includes an indication of an activation or release of a sidelink resource. Operation flow/algorithmic structure  540  may further include, at  550 , encoding a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) or physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) message for transmission based on the DCI. 
     Examples 
     Example 1 may include a method of gNB-scheduled sidelink resource allocation with configured grant, the method comprising:
         receiving, by a user equipment (UE) a radio resource control (RRC) configuration for configured grant sidelink transmission;   receiving, by the UE, downlink control information (DCI) scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI;   identifying by the UE, whether the DCI is for activation or release or dynamic retransmission;   applying, by the UE, a timing rule; and   transmitting by the UE, a PSSCH/PSCCH according to a provided schedule.       

     Example 2 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein activation/release scrambled with SL-CS-RNTI and dynamic grant scrambled with SL-CS-RNTI can be distinguished by value of NDI. In this case, NDI=0 is treated as activation/release and NDI=1 is treated as ReTX grant. 
     Example 3 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein in order to distinguish activation and release an invalid state of one of the fields may be used. 
     Example 4 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein in order to distinguish activation and release different state of a field unused in case of SL-CS-RNTI. Such a field can be HARQ ID, if it is unused in case of dynamic retransmission scheduling. 
     Example 5 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein in order to distinguish activation and release a new 1-bit flag to distinguish activation and release is introduced in DCI. 
     Example 6 may include the method of the example 4 or some other example herein, wherein in case of activation by DCI format 3_0/3_1 the HARQ process number is set to all ‘0’ and in case of release by DCI format 3_0/3_1 the HARQ process number is set to all ‘1’. 
     Example 7 may include the method of example 4 or some other example herein, wherein in case of activation by DCI format 3_0/3_1 the HARQ process number is set to all ‘1’ and in case of release by DCI format 3_0/3_1 the HARQ process number is set to all ‘0’. 
     Example 8 may include the method of example 4 or some other example herein, wherein in case of activation by DCI format 3_0/3_1 the HARQ process number is set to ‘0001’ and in case of release by DCI format 3_0/3_1 the HARQ process number is set to ‘0000.’ 
     Example 9 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein in case of release, one or multiple of the following DCI bitfields: Frequency offset, Time offset, Frequency resource indication, Time resource indication, are set to all ‘1’. 
     Example 10 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein in case of release, one or multiple of the following DCI bitfields: Frequency offset, Time offset, Frequency resource indication, Time resource indication, are set to all ‘0’. 
     Example 11 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein HARQ process ID is up to UE in case of Type 1 or Type 2 configured grant scheduling. 
     Example 12 may include the method of example 11 or some other example herein, wherein configuration index in DCI is used to address retransmission grant. 
     Example 13 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein for Type 1 configured grant the timing calculation formula is not applied, and the configured slot offset with respect to DFN=0 is used. 
     Example 14 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein for Type 1 configured grant in the timing calculation formula TDL is the corresponding SFN=0 timing observed at a UE, and ‘m’ is calculated based on RRC-configured DFN offset. 
     Example 15 may include the method of example 1 or some other example herein, wherein for Type 1 configured grant the difference between SFN0 and DFN0 timings is to indicated by UE to network by request from gNB
         UE can provide periodic update with preconfigured period on time difference between SFN and DFN. As an estimate of SFN timing UE can use DL RX timing−TA/2   UE can provide event-triggered update to gNB when difference between SFN and DFN timing changes on preconfigured or predefined value Δ.       

     Example X1 includes an apparatus comprising: memory to store downlink control information (DCI) associated with a configured grant sidelink transmission by a user equipment (UE), wherein the DCI includes an indication of an activation or release of a sidelink resource; and processor circuitry, coupled with the memory, to: retrieve the DCI from the memory; and encode a message for transmission to the UE that includes the DCI scrambled by a sidelink-configured scheduling-radio network temporary identifier (SL-CS-RNTI). 
     Example X2 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI indicates the activation or release of the sidelink resource using a one-bit flag. 
     Example X3 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI indicates the activation or release of the sidelink resource using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number identifier field. 
     Example X4 includes the apparatus of example X3 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 30 or 31, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 0&#39;s or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 1&#39;s. 
     Example X5 includes the apparatus of example X3 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 30 or 31, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 1&#39;s or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 0&#39;s. 
     Example X6 includes the apparatus of example X3 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 30 or 31, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to ‘0001’ or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to ‘0000.’ 
     Example X7 includes the apparatus of example X1 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is to indicate a release of a sidelink resource and includes a frequency offset bitfield set to all 1&#39;s. 
     Example X8 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, are to cause a device to: determine downlink control information (DCI) associated with a configured grant sidelink transmission by a user equipment (UE), wherein the DCI includes an indication of an activation or release of a sidelink resource; and encode a message for transmission to the UE that includes the DCI scrambled by a sidelink-configured scheduling-radio network temporary identifier (SL-CS-RNTI). 
     Example X9 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI indicates the activation or release of the sidelink resource using a one-bit flag. 
     Example X10 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI indicates the activation or release of the sidelink resource using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number identifier field. 
     Example X11 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X10 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or 3_1, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 0&#39;s or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 1&#39;s. 
     Example X12 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X10 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or 3_1, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 1&#39;s or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 0&#39;s. 
     Example X13 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X10 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or 3_1, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to ‘0001’ or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to ‘0000.’ 
     Example X14 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X8 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is to indicate a release of a sidelink resource and includes a frequency offset bitfield set to all 1&#39;s. 
     Example X15 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, are to cause a user equipment (UE) to: receive a message that includes downlink control information (DCI) associated with a configured grant sidelink transmission, wherein the DCI is scrambled by a sidelink-configured scheduling-radio network temporary identifier (SL-CS-RNTI), and wherein the DCI includes an indication of an activation or release of a sidelink resource; and encode a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) or physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) message for transmission based on the DCI. 
     Example X16 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X15 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI indicates the activation or release of the sidelink resource using a one-bit flag. 
     Example X17 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X15 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI indicates the release of the sidelink resource using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number identifier field, and the DCI includes a frequency offset bitfield set to all 1&#39;s. 
     Example X18 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X17 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or 3_1, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 0&#39;s or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 1&#39;s. 
     Example X19 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X17 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or 3_1, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 1&#39;s or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to all 0&#39;s. 
     Example X20 includes the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of example X17 or some other example herein, wherein the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or 3_1, and wherein the DCI is to indicate an activation of a sidelink resource and the HARQ process number identifier is set to ‘0001’ or the DCI is to indicate a release and the HARQ process number identifier is set to ‘0000.’ 
     Example Z01 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example Z02 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example Z03 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or any other method or process described herein. 
     Example Z04 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example Z05 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions thereof. 
     Example Z06 may include a signal as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions or parts thereof. 
     Example Z07 may include a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example Z08 may include a signal encoded with data as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example Z09 may include a signal encoded with a datagram, packet, frame, segment, protocol data unit (PDU), or message as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure. 
     Example Z10 may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors is to cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions thereof. 
     Example Z11 may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-X20, or portions thereof. 
     Example Z12 may include a signal in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example Z13 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein. 
     Example Z14 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Example Z15 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein. 
     Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples), unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments. 
     Abbreviations 
     Unless used differently herein, terms, definitions, and abbreviations may be consistent with terms, definitions, and abbreviations defined in 3GPP TR 21.905 v16.0.0 (2019-06). For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations may apply to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 3GPP 
                 Third Generation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Partnership Project 
               
               
                   
                 4G 
                 Fourth Generation 
               
               
                   
                 5G 
                 Fifth Generation 
               
               
                   
                 5GC 
                 5G Core network 
               
               
                   
                 ACK 
                 Acknowledgement 
               
               
                   
                 AF 
                 Application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 AM 
                 Acknowledged 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mode 
               
               
                   
                 AMBR 
                 Aggregate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Maximum Bit Rate 
               
               
                   
                 AMF 
                 Access and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobility 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 AN 
                 Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 ANR 
                 Automatic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neighbour Relation 
               
               
                   
                 AP 
                 Application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol, Antenna 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Port, Access Point 
               
               
                   
                 API 
                 Application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Programming Interface 
               
               
                   
                 APN 
                 Access Point Name 
               
               
                   
                 ARP 
                 Allocation and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Retention Priority 
               
               
                   
                 ARQ 
                 Automatic Repeat 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Request 
               
               
                   
                 AS 
                 Access Stratum 
               
               
                   
                 ASN.1 
                 Abstract Syntax 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Notation One 
               
               
                   
                 AUSF 
                 Authentication 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Server Function 
               
               
                   
                 AWGN 
                 Additive 
               
               
                   
                   
                 White Gaussian 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Noise 
               
               
                   
                 BAP 
                 Backhaul 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Adaptation Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 BCH 
                 Broadcast Channel 
               
               
                   
                 BER 
                 Bit Error Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 BFD 
                 Beam Failure 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Detection 
               
               
                   
                 BLER 
                 Block Error Rate 
               
               
                   
                 BPSK 
                 Binary Phase Shift 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Keying 
               
               
                   
                 BRAS 
                 Broadband Remote 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Server 
               
               
                   
                 BSS 
                 Business Support 
               
               
                   
                   
                 System 
               
               
                   
                 BS 
                 Base Station 
               
               
                   
                 BSR  
                 Buffer Status 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Report 
               
               
                   
                 BW 
                 Bandwidth 
               
               
                   
                 BWP  
                 Bandwidth Part 
               
               
                   
                 C-RNTI 
                 Cell Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network Temporary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity 
               
               
                   
                 CA 
                 Carrier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Aggregation, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Certification 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Authority 
               
               
                   
                 CAPEX 
                 CAPital 
               
               
                   
                   
                 EXpenditure 
               
               
                   
                 CBRA 
                 Contention Based 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Random Access 
               
               
                   
                 CC 
                 Component Carrier, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Country Code, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cryptographic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Checksum 
               
               
                   
                 CCA 
                 Clear Channel 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Assessment 
               
               
                   
                 CCE 
                 Control Channel 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Element 
               
               
                   
                 CCCH 
                 Common Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 CE 
                 Coverage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Enhancement 
               
               
                   
                 CDM 
                 Content Delivery 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 CDMA 
                 Code- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Division Multiple 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access 
               
               
                   
                 CFRA 
                 Contention Free 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Random Access 
               
               
                   
                 CG 
                 Cell Group 
               
               
                   
                 CI 
                 Cell Identity 
               
               
                   
                 CID 
                 Cell-ID (e.g., 
               
               
                   
                   
                 positioning method) 
               
               
                   
                 CIM  
                 Common 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information Model 
               
               
                   
                 CIR 
                 Carrier to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interference Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 CK 
                 Cipher Key 
               
               
                   
                 CM 
                 Connection 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management, Conditional 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mandatory 
               
               
                   
                 CMAS 
                 Commercial 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Alert Service 
               
               
                   
                 CMD 
                 Command 
               
               
                   
                 CMS 
                 Cloud Management 
               
               
                   
                   
                 System 
               
               
                   
                 CO 
                 Conditional 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Optional 
               
               
                   
                 CoMP 
                 Coordinated Multi- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point 
               
               
                   
                 CORESET 
                 Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Resource Set 
               
               
                   
                 COTS 
                 Commercial Off- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 The-Shelf 
               
               
                   
                 CP 
                 Control Plane, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cyclic Prefix, Connection 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point 
               
               
                   
                 CPD 
                 Connection Point 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 CPE 
                 Customer Premise 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 CPICH 
                 Common Pilot 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 CQI 
                 Channel Quality 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 CPU 
                 CSI processing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 unit, Central Processing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unit 
               
               
                   
                 C/R 
                 Command/Response 
               
               
                   
                   
                 field bit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cloud Radio 
               
               
                   
                 CRAN 
                 Access Network, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cloud RAN 
               
               
                   
                 CRB  
                 Common Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block 
               
               
                   
                 CRC 
                 Cyclic Redundancy 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Check 
               
               
                   
                 CRI 
                 Channel-State 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator, CSI-RS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Resource Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 C-RNTI 
                 Cell RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 CS 
                 Circuit Switched 
               
               
                   
                 CSAR 
                 Cloud Service 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Archive 
               
               
                   
                 CSI 
                 Channel-State 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-IM 
                 CSI 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-RS 
                 CSI 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-RSRP 
                 CSI 
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 received power 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-RSRQ 
                 CSI 
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 received quality 
               
               
                   
                 CSI-SINR 
                 CSI signal- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to-noise and interference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ratio 
               
               
                   
                 CSMA 
                 Carrier Sense 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 CSMA/CA 
                 CSMA with 
               
               
                   
                   
                 collision avoidance 
               
               
                   
                 CSS  
                 Common Search 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Space, Cell-specific 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Search Space 
               
               
                   
                 CTS 
                 Clear-to-Send 
               
               
                   
                 CW 
                 Codeword 
               
               
                   
                 CWS 
                 Contention 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Window Size 
               
               
                   
                 D2D 
                 Device-to-Device 
               
               
                   
                 DC 
                 Dual Connectivity, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Direct Current 
               
               
                   
                 DCI  
                 Downlink Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 DF 
                 Deployment 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Flavour 
               
               
                   
                 DL 
                 Downlink 
               
               
                   
                 DMTF 
                 Distributed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management Task Force 
               
               
                   
                 DPDK 
                 Data Plane 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Development Kit 
               
               
                   
                 DM-RS, DMRS 
                 Demodulation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 DN 
                 Data network 
               
               
                   
                 DRB 
                 Data Radio Bearer 
               
               
                   
                 DRS 
                 Discovery 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 DRX 
                 Discontinuous 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reception 
               
               
                   
                 DSL 
                 Domain Specific 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Language. Digital 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber Line 
               
               
                   
                 DSLAM 
                 DSL Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplexer 
               
               
                   
                 DwPTS 
                 Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Pilot Time Slot 
               
               
                   
                 E-LAN 
                 Ethernet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Local Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 E2E 
                 End-to-End 
               
               
                   
                 ECCA 
                 extended clear 
               
               
                   
                   
                 channel assessment, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 extended CCA 
               
               
                   
                 ECCE 
                 Enhanced Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel Element, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Enhanced CCE 
               
               
                   
                 ED 
                 Energy Detection 
               
               
                   
                 EDGE 
                 Enhanced Datarates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 for GSM Evolution 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (GSM Evolution) 
               
               
                   
                 EGMF 
                 Exposure 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Governance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 EGPRS 
                 Enhanced 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GPRS 
               
               
                   
                 EIR 
                 Equipment Identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Register 
               
               
                   
                 eLAA 
                 enhanced Licensed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Assisted Access, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enhanced LAA 
               
               
                   
                 EM 
                 Element Manager 
               
               
                   
                 eMBB 
                 Enhanced Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Broadband 
               
               
                   
                 EMS 
                 Element 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management System 
               
               
                   
                 eNB 
                 evolved NodeB, E- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRAN Node B 
               
               
                   
                   
                 EN-DC E-UTRA- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NR Dual 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity 
               
               
                   
                 EPC 
                 Evolved Packet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Core 
               
               
                   
                 EPDCCH 
                 enhanced 
               
               
                   
                   
                 PDCCH, enhanced 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control Cannel 
               
               
                   
                 EPRE 
                 Energy per 
               
               
                   
                   
                 resource element 
               
               
                   
                 EPS 
                 Evolved Packet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 System 
               
               
                   
                 EREG 
                 enhanced REG, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enhanced resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 element groups 
               
               
                   
                 ETSI 
                 European 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Telecommunications 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Standards Institute 
               
               
                   
                 ETWS 
                 Earthquake and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tsunami Warning 
               
               
                   
                   
                 System 
               
               
                   
                 eUICC 
                 embedded UICC, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 embedded Universal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Integrated Circuit Card 
               
               
                   
                 E-UTRA 
                 Evolved 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRA 
               
               
                   
                 E-UTRAN 
                 Evolved 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRAN 
               
               
                   
                 EV2X 
                 Enhanced V2X 
               
               
                   
                   
                 F1AP F1 Application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 F1-C  
                 F1 Control plane 
               
               
                   
                   
                 interface 
               
               
                   
                 F1-U 
                 F1 User plane 
               
               
                   
                   
                 interface 
               
               
                   
                 FACCH 
                 Fast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 FACCH/F 
                 Fast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel/Full rate 
               
               
                   
                 FACCH/H  
                 Fast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel/Half rate 
               
               
                   
                 FACH 
                 Forward Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 FAUSCH 
                 Fast Uplink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signalling Channel 
               
               
                   
                 FB 
                 Functional Block 
               
               
                   
                 FBI 
                 Feedback 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 FCC 
                 Federal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communications 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Commission 
               
               
                   
                 FCCH 
                 Frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Correction CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 FDD 
                 Frequency Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Duplex 
               
               
                   
                 FDM 
                 Frequency Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplex 
               
               
                   
                 FDMA 
                 Frequency Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 FE 
                 Front End 
               
               
                   
                 FEC 
                 Forward Error 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Correction 
               
               
                   
                 FFS 
                 For Further Study 
               
               
                   
                 FFT 
                 Fast Fourier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transformation 
               
               
                   
                 feLAA 
                 further enhanced 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Licensed Assisted 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access, further 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enhanced LAA 
               
               
                   
                 FN 
                 Frame Number 
               
               
                   
                 FPGA  
                 Field- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Programmable Gate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Array 
               
               
                   
                 FR 
                 Frequency Range 
               
               
                   
                 G-RNTI 
                 GERAN 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identity 
               
               
                   
                 GERAN 
                 GSM EDGE RAN, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GSM EDGE Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 GGSN 
                 Gateway GPRS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Support Node 
               
               
                   
                 GLONASS 
                 GLObal&#39;naya 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NAvigatsionnaya 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sputnikovaya 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sistema (Engl.: 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Global Navigation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Satellite System) 
               
               
                   
                 gNB 
                 Next Generation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NodeB 
               
               
                   
                 gNB-CU 
                 gNB- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 centralized unit, Next 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Generation NodeB 
               
               
                   
                   
                 centralized unit 
               
               
                   
                 gNB-DU 
                 gNB- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 distributed unit, Next 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Generation NodeB 
               
               
                   
                   
                 distributed unit 
               
               
                   
                 GNSS 
                 Global Navigation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Satellite System 
               
               
                   
                 GPRS 
                 General Packet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Service 
               
               
                   
                 GSM 
                 Global System for 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communications, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Groupe Spécial 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile 
               
               
                   
                 GTP 
                 GPRS Tunneling 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 GTP-UGPRS 
                 Tunnelling 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol for User 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Plane 
               
               
                   
                 GTS 
                 Go To Sleep Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (related to WUS) 
               
               
                   
                 GUMMEI 
                 Globally 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unique MME Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 GUTI 
                 Globally Unique 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary UE Identity 
               
               
                   
                 HARQ 
                 Hybrid ARQ, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hybrid Automatic 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Repeat Request 
               
               
                   
                 HANDO 
                 Handover 
               
               
                   
                 HFN 
                 HyperFrame 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number 
               
               
                   
                 HHO 
                 Hard Handover 
               
               
                   
                 HLR 
                 Home Location 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Register 
               
               
                   
                 HN 
                 Home Network 
               
               
                   
                 HO 
                 Handover 
               
               
                   
                 HPLMN 
                 Home 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Public Land Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 HSDPA 
                 High Speed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink Packet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access 
               
               
                   
                 HSN 
                 Hopping Sequence 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number 
               
               
                   
                 HSPA 
                 High Speed Packet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access 
               
               
                   
                 HSS 
                 Home Subscriber 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Server 
               
               
                   
                 HSUPA 
                 High Speed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink Packet Access 
               
               
                   
                 HTTP 
                 Hyper Text 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transfer Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 HTTPS 
                 Hyper Text 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transfer Protocol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Secure (https is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 http/1.1 over SSL, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 i.e. port 443) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 I-Block Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block 
               
               
                   
                 ICCID 
                 Integrated Circuit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Card Identification 
               
               
                   
                 IAB 
                 Integrated Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and Backhaul 
               
               
                   
                 ICIC 
                 Inter-Cell 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Coordination 
               
               
                   
                 ID 
                 Identity, identifier 
               
               
                   
                 IDFT 
                 Inverse Discrete 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fourier Transform 
               
               
                   
                 IE 
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 element 
               
               
                   
                 IBE 
                 In-Band Emission 
               
               
                   
                 IEEE 
                 Institute of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electrical and Electronics 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Engineers 
               
               
                   
                 IEI 
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Element Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 IEIDL 
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Element Identifier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Data Length 
               
               
                   
                 IETF 
                 Internet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Engineering Task 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Force 
               
               
                   
                 IF 
                 Infrastructure 
               
               
                   
                 IM  
                 Interference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intermodulation, IP 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                 IMC  
                 IMS Credentials 
               
               
                   
                 IMEI 
                 International 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Equipment 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMGI 
                 International 
               
               
                   
                   
                 mobile group identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMPI 
                 IP Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Private Identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMPU 
                 IP Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                   
                 PUblic identity 
               
               
                   
                 IMS 
                 IP Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subsystem 
               
               
                   
                 IMSI 
                 International 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Subscriber 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity 
               
               
                   
                 IoT 
                 Internet of Things 
               
               
                   
                 IP 
                 Internet Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 Ipsec 
                 IP Security, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Internet Protocol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Security 
               
               
                   
                 IP-CAN 
                 IP- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 IP-M 
                 IP Multicast 
               
               
                   
                 IPv4 
                 Internet Protocol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Version 4 
               
               
                   
                 IPv6  
                 Internet Protocol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Version 6 
               
               
                   
                 IR 
                 Infrared 
               
               
                   
                 IS 
                 In Sync 
               
               
                   
                 IRP 
                 Integration 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Point 
               
               
                   
                 ISDN 
                 Integrated Services 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Digital Network 
               
               
                   
                 ISIM 
                 IM Services 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity Module 
               
               
                   
                 ISO 
                 International 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Organisation for 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Standardisation 
               
               
                   
                 ISP 
                 Internet Service 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Provider 
               
               
                   
                 IWF 
                 Interworking- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 I-WLAN 
                 Interworking 
               
               
                   
                   
                 WLAN Constraint length of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the convolutional code, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 USIM Individual key 
               
               
                   
                 kB 
                 Kilobyte (1000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 bytes) 
               
               
                   
                 kbps 
                 kilo-bits per second 
               
               
                   
                 Kc 
                 Ciphering key 
               
               
                   
                 Ki 
                 Individual 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subscriber 
               
               
                   
                   
                 authentication key 
               
               
                   
                 KPI 
                 Key Performance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 KQI 
                 Key Quality 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 KSI 
                 Key Set Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 ksps 
                 kilo-symbols per 
               
               
                   
                   
                 second 
               
               
                   
                 KVM 
                 Kernel Virtual 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Machine 
               
               
                   
                 L1 
                 Layer 1 (physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer) 
               
               
                   
                 L1-RSRP 
                 Layer 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 received power 
               
               
                   
                 L2  
                 Layer 2 (data link 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer) 
               
               
                   
                 L3 
                 Layer 3 (network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer) 
               
               
                   
                 LAA 
                 Licensed Assisted 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access 
               
               
                   
                 LAN 
                 Local Area 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 LBT 
                 Listen Before Talk 
               
               
                   
                 LCM 
                 LifeCycle 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 LCR 
                 Low Chip Rate 
               
               
                   
                 LCS 
                 Location Services 
               
               
                   
                 LCID 
                 Logical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel ID 
               
               
                   
                 LI 
                 Layer Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 LLC 
                 Logical Link 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control, Low Layer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Compatibility 
               
               
                   
                 LPLMN 
                 Local 
               
               
                   
                   
                 PLMN 
               
               
                   
                 LPP 
                 LTE Positioning 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 LSB 
                 Least Significant 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bit 
               
               
                   
                 LTE 
                 Long Term 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 LWA 
                 LTE-WLAN 
               
               
                   
                   
                 aggregation 
               
               
                   
                 LWIP 
                 LTE/WLAN Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Level Integration with 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IPsec Tunnel 
               
               
                   
                 LTE 
                 Long Term 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 M2M 
                 Machine-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Machine 
               
               
                   
                 MAC 
                 Medium Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control (protocol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layering context) 
               
               
                   
                 MAC 
                 Message 
               
               
                   
                   
                 authentication code 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (security/encryption 
               
               
                   
                   
                 context) 
               
               
                   
                 MAC-A 
                 MAC used 
               
               
                   
                   
                 for authentication and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 key agreement (TSG T 
               
               
                   
                   
                 WG3 context) 
               
               
                   
                 MAC-IMAC 
                 used for data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 integrity of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 signalling messages (TSG 
               
               
                   
                   
                 T WG3 context) 
               
               
                   
                 MANO 
                 Management and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Orchestration 
               
               
                   
                 MBMS 
                 Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Broadcast and Multicast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service 
               
               
                   
                 MBSFN 
                 Multimedia 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Broadcast multicast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 service Single Frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 MCC 
                 Mobile Country 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Code 
               
               
                   
                 MCG 
                 Master Cell Group 
               
               
                   
                 MCOT 
                 Maximum Channel 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Occupancy Time 
               
               
                   
                 MCS 
                 Modulation and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 coding scheme 
               
               
                   
                 MDAF 
                 Management Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Analytics Function 
               
               
                   
                 MDAS 
                 Management Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Analytics Service 
               
               
                   
                 MDT 
                 Minimization of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Drive Tests 
               
               
                   
                 ME 
                 Mobile Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 MeNB 
                 master eNB 
               
               
                   
                 MER 
                 Message Error 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 MGL 
                 Measurement Gap 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Length 
               
               
                   
                 MGRP 
                 Measurement Gap 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Repetition Period 
               
               
                   
                 MIB 
                 Master Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block, Management 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information Base 
               
               
                   
                 MIMO 
                 Multiple Input 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Output 
               
               
                   
                 MLC 
                 Mobile Location 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Centre 
               
               
                   
                 MM 
                 Mobility 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 MME  
                 Mobility 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management Entity 
               
               
                   
                 MN 
                 Master Node 
               
               
                   
                 MnS  
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service 
               
               
                   
                 MO 
                 Measurement 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Object, Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Originated 
               
               
                   
                 MPBCH 
                 MTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Broadcast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPDCCH 
                 MTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPDSCH 
                 MTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Shared CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPRACH 
                 MTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Random 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 MPUSCH 
                 MTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Uplink Shared 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 MPLS 
                 MultiProtocol 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Label Switching 
               
               
                   
                 MS 
                 Mobile Station 
               
               
                   
                 MSB 
                 Most Significant 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bit 
               
               
                   
                 MSC 
                 Mobile Switching 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Centre 
               
               
                   
                 MSI 
                 Minimum System 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information, MCH 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Scheduling 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 MSID 
                 Mobile Station 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 MSIN 
                 Mobile Station 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identification 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number 
               
               
                   
                 MSISDN 
                 Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber ISDN 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number 
               
               
                   
                 MT 
                 Mobile Terminated, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile Termination 
               
               
                   
                 MTC 
                 Machine-Type 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communications 
               
               
                   
                 mMTC 
                 massive MTC, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 massive Machine- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Type Communications 
               
               
                   
                 MU-MIMO 
                 Multi User 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MIMO 
               
               
                   
                 MWUS 
                 MTC wake- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 up signal, MTC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 WUS 
               
               
                   
                 NACK 
                 Negative 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Acknowledgement 
               
               
                   
                 NAI 
                 Network Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 NAS 
                 Non-Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Stratum, Non-Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Stratum layer 
               
               
                   
                 NCT 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity Topology 
               
               
                   
                 NC-JT 
                 Non- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Coherent Joint 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmission 
               
               
                   
                 NEC 
                 Network Capability 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Exposure 
               
               
                   
                 NE-DC 
                 NR-E- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UTRA Dual 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity 
               
               
                   
                 NEF 
                 Network Exposure 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 NF 
                 Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 NFP 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Path 
               
               
                   
                 NFPD 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Path 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 NFV 
                 Network Functions 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Virtualization 
               
               
                   
                 NFVI 
                 NFV Infrastructure 
               
               
                   
                 NFVO 
                 NFV Orchestrator 
               
               
                   
                 NG 
                 Next Generation, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Next Gen 
               
               
                   
                 NGEN-DC 
                 NG-RAN 
               
               
                   
                   
                 E-UTRA-NR Dual 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Connectivity 
               
               
                   
                 NM 
                 Network Manager 
               
               
                   
                 NMS 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management System 
               
               
                   
                 N-PoP 
                 Network Point of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Presence 
               
               
                   
                 NMIB, N-MIB 
                 Narrowband MIB 
               
               
                   
                 NPBCH 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Broadcast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPDCCH 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPDSCH 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Shared CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPRACH 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Random 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPUSCH 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Uplink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Shared CHannel 
               
               
                   
                 NPSS 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Primary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                 NSSS 
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Secondary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                 NR 
                 New Radio,  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Neighbour Relation 
               
               
                   
                 NRF 
                 NF Repository 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 NRS  
                 Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 NS 
                 Network Service 
               
               
                   
                 NSA 
                 Non-Standalone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 operation mode 
               
               
                   
                 NSD 
                 Network Service 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 NSR 
                 Network Service 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Record 
               
               
                   
                 NSSAI 
                 Network Slice 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Selection Assistance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 S-NNSAI  
                 Single- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NSSAI 
               
               
                   
                 NSSF 
                 Network Slice 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Selection Function 
               
               
                   
                 NW 
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 NWUS 
                 Narrowband wake- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 up signal, Narrowband 
               
               
                   
                   
                 WUS 
               
               
                   
                 NZP 
                 Non-Zero Power 
               
               
                   
                 O&amp;M 
                 Operation and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Maintenance 
               
               
                   
                 ODU2 
                 Optical channel 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Data Unit-type 2 
               
               
                   
                 OFDM 
                 Orthogonal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Frequency Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                 OFDMA 
                 Orthogonal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Frequency Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 OOB 
                 Out-of-band 
               
               
                   
                 OOS  
                 Out of Sync 
               
               
                   
                 OPEX  
                 OPerating EXpense 
               
               
                   
                 OSI 
                 Other System 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 OSS 
                 Operations Support 
               
               
                   
                   
                 System 
               
               
                   
                 OTA 
                 over-the-air 
               
               
                   
                 PAPR 
                 Peak-to-Average 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Power Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 PAR 
                 Peak to Average 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 PBCH 
                 Physical Broadcast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PC 
                 Power Control, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Personal Computer 
               
               
                   
                 PCC 
                 Primary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Component Carrier, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Primary CC 
               
               
                   
                 PCell 
                 Primary Cell 
               
               
                   
                 PCI 
                 Physical Cell ID, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Physical Cell 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identity 
               
               
                   
                 PCEF 
                 Policy and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Charging 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Enforcement 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 PCF 
                 Policy Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 PCRF  
                 Policy Control and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Charging Rules 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 PDCP 
                 Packet Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Convergence Protocol, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Packet Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Convergence 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol layer 
               
               
                   
                 PDCCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink Control  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PDCP 
                 Packet Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Convergence Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 PDN 
                 Packet Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network, Public Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 PDSCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink Shared 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PDU 
                 Protocol Data Unit 
               
               
                   
                 PEI 
                 Permanent 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Equipment Identifiers 
               
               
                   
                 PFD 
                 Packet Flow 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Description 
               
               
                   
                 P-GW 
                 PDN Gateway 
               
               
                   
                 PHICH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 hybrid-ARQ indicator 
               
               
                   
                   
                 channel 
               
               
                   
                 PHY 
                 Physical layer 
               
               
                   
                 PLMN 
                 Public Land Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 PIN 
                 Personal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identification Number 
               
               
                   
                 PM 
                 Performance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement 
               
               
                   
                 PMI 
                 Precoding Matrix 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 PNF 
                 Physical Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 PNFD 
                 Physical Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 PNFR 
                 Physical Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function Record 
               
               
                   
                 POC  
                 PTT over Cellular 
               
               
                   
                 PP, PTP 
                 Point-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point 
               
               
                   
                 PPP 
                 Point-to-Point 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 PRACH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 RACH 
               
               
                   
                 PRB 
                 Physical resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 block 
               
               
                   
                 PRG 
                 Physical resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 block group 
               
               
                   
                 ProSe  
                 Proximity Services, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Proximity-Based 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service 
               
               
                   
                 PRS 
                 Positioning 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 PRR 
                 Packet Reception 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio 
               
               
                   
                 PS 
                 Packet Services 
               
               
                   
                 PSBCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Broadcast 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSDCH  
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Downlink 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSCCH  
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                 PSFCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Feedback 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel  
               
               
                   
                 PSSCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sidelink Shared 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PSCell  
                 Primary SCell 
               
               
                   
                 PSS 
                 Primary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal  
               
               
                   
                 PSTN 
                 Public Switched 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Telephone Network 
               
               
                   
                 PT-RS 
                 Phase-tracking 
               
               
                   
                   
                 reference signal 
               
               
                   
                 PTT 
                 Push-to-Talk 
               
               
                   
                 PUCCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 PUSCH 
                 Physical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink Shared 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 QAM 
                 Quadrature 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Amplitude Modulation 
               
               
                   
                 QCI 
                 QoS class of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 identifier 
               
               
                   
                 QCL 
                 Quasi co-location 
               
               
                   
                 QFI 
                 QoS Flow ID, QoS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Flow Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 QoS 
                 Quality of Service 
               
               
                   
                 QPSK 
                 Quadrature 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Quaternary) Phase Shift 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Keying 
               
               
                   
                 QZSS 
                 Quasi-Zenith 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Satellite System 
               
               
                   
                 RA-RNTI 
                 Random 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 RAB  
                 Radio Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bearer, Random 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Burst 
               
               
                   
                 RACH 
                 Random Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Channel 
               
               
                   
                 RADIUS 
                 Remote 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Authentication Dial In 
               
               
                   
                   
                 User Service 
               
               
                   
                 RAN 
                 Radio Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 RAND  
                 RANDom number 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (used for 
               
               
                   
                   
                 authentication) 
               
               
                   
                 RAR 
                 Random Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Response 
               
               
                   
                 RAT 
                 Radio Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Technology 
               
               
                   
                 RAU 
                 Routing Area 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Update 
               
               
                   
                 RB 
                 Resource block, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Bearer 
               
               
                   
                 RBG 
                 Resource block 
               
               
                   
                   
                 group 
               
               
                   
                 REG  
                 Resource Element 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                   
                 Rel 
                 Release 
               
               
                   
                 REQ 
                 REQuest 
               
               
                   
                 RF 
                 Radio Frequency 
               
               
                   
                 RI  
                 Rank Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 RIV 
                 Resource indicator 
               
               
                   
                   
                 value 
               
               
                   
                 RL 
                 Radio Link 
               
               
                   
                 RLC 
                 Radio Link 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control, Radio Link 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control layer 
               
               
                   
                 RLC AM  
                 RLC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Acknowledged Mode 
               
               
                   
                 RLC UM 
                 RLC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unacknowledged Mode 
               
               
                   
                 RLF 
                 Radio Link Failure 
               
               
                   
                 RLM 
                 Radio Link 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Monitoring 
               
               
                   
                 RLM-RS 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal for RLM 
               
               
                   
                 RM 
                 Registration 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 RMC 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement Channel 
               
               
                   
                 RMSI  
                 Remaining MSI, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Remaining Minimum 
               
               
                   
                   
                 System Information 
               
               
                   
                 RN  
                 Relay Node 
               
               
                   
                 RNC 
                 Radio Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Controller 
               
               
                   
                 RNL 
                 Radio Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Layer 
               
               
                   
                 RNTI 
                 Radio Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 ROHC 
                 RObust Header 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Compression 
               
               
                   
                 RRC 
                 Radio Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control, Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Resource Control layer 
               
               
                   
                 RRM 
                 Radio Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 RS 
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 RSRP 
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Received Power 
               
               
                   
                 RSRQ 
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Received Quality 
               
               
                   
                 RSSI 
                 Received Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Strength Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 RSU 
                 Road Side Unit 
               
               
                   
                 RSTD 
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Time difference 
               
               
                   
                 RTP 
                 Real Time Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 RTS 
                 Ready-To-Send 
               
               
                   
                 RTT 
                 Round Trip Time 
               
               
                   
                 Rx 
                 Reception, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Receiving, Receiver 
               
               
                   
                 S1AP 
                 S1 Application 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 S1-MME 
                 S1 for the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 control plane 
               
               
                   
                 S1-U 
                 S1 for the user 
               
               
                   
                   
                 plane 
               
               
                   
                 S-GW  
                 Serving Gateway 
               
               
                   
                 S-RNTI  
                 SRNC 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identity 
               
               
                   
                 S-TMSI  
                 SAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Station Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 SA 
                 Standalone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 operation mode 
               
               
                   
                 SAE 
                 System 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Architecture Evolution 
               
               
                   
                 SAP 
                 Service Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point 
               
               
                   
                 SAPD 
                 Service Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 SAPI 
                 Service Access 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Point Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 SCC 
                 Secondary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Component Carrier, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Secondary CC 
               
               
                   
                 SCell 
                 Secondary Cell 
               
               
                   
                 SC-FDMA 
                 Single 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Carrier Frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Division Multiple 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access 
               
               
                   
                 SCG 
                 Secondary Cell 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                   
                 SCM 
                 Security Context 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 SCS 
                 Subcarrier Spacing 
               
               
                   
                 SCTP 
                 Stream Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 SDAP 
                 Service Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Adaptation Protocol, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service Data Adaptation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol layer 
               
               
                   
                 SDL 
                 Supplementary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Downlink 
               
               
                   
                 SDNF 
                 Structured Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Storage Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 SDP 
                 Session Description 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 SDSF 
                 Structured Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Storage Function 
               
               
                   
                 SDU 
                 Service Data Unit 
               
               
                   
                 SEAF 
                 Security Anchor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 SeNB 
                 secondary eNB 
               
               
                   
                 SEPP 
                 Security Edge 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protection Proxy 
               
               
                   
                 SFI  
                 Slot format 
               
               
                   
                   
                 indication 
               
               
                   
                 SFTD 
                 Space-Frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Time Diversity, SFN and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 frame timing difference 
               
               
                   
                 SFN  
                 System Frame 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number or 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Single Frequency 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 SgNB  
                 Secondary gNB 
               
               
                   
                 SGSN  
                 Serving GPRS 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Support Node 
               
               
                   
                 S-GW 
                 Serving Gateway 
               
               
                   
                 SI 
                 System Information 
               
               
                   
                 SI-RNTI 
                 System 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 SIB 
                 System Information 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block 
               
               
                   
                 SIM 
                 Subscriber Identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Module 
               
               
                   
                 SIP 
                 Session Initiated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 SiP 
                 System in Package 
               
               
                   
                 SL 
                 Sidelink 
               
               
                   
                 SLA 
                 Service Level 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Agreement 
               
               
                   
                 SM 
                 Session 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 SMF 
                 Session 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management Function 
               
               
                   
                 SMS 
                 Short Message 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Service 
               
               
                   
                 SMSF 
                 SMS Function 
               
               
                   
                 SMTC 
                 SSB-based 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Measurement Timing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Configuration 
               
               
                   
                 SN 
                 Secondary Node, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sequence Number 
               
               
                   
                 SoC 
                 System on Chip 
               
               
                   
                 SON 
                 Self-Organizing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 SpCell 
                 Special Cell 
               
               
                   
                 SP-CSI-RNTI 
                 Semi- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Persistent CSI RNTI 
               
               
                   
                 SPS  
                 Semi-Persistent 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Scheduling 
               
               
                   
                 SQN 
                 Sequence number 
               
               
                   
                 SR 
                 Scheduling Request 
               
               
                   
                 SRB 
                 Signalling Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bearer 
               
               
                   
                 SRS  
                 Sounding 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reference Signal 
               
               
                   
                 SS 
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                 SSB 
                 SS Block 
               
               
                   
                 SSBRI  
                 SSB Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 SSC 
                 Session and Service 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Continuity 
               
               
                   
                 SS-RSRP 
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal based Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal Received 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Power 
               
               
                   
                 SS-RSRQ 
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal based Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal Received 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Quality 
               
               
                   
                 SS-SINR 
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal based Signal to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Noise and Interference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
                 SSS 
                 Secondary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Synchronization 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                 SSSG 
                 Search Space Set 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                   
                 SSSIF  
                 Search Space Set 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 SST 
                 Slice/Service Types 
               
               
                   
                 SU-MIMO 
                 Single User 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MIMO 
               
               
                   
                 SUL 
                 Supplementary 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink 
               
               
                   
                 TA 
                 Timing Advance, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tracking Area 
               
               
                   
                 TAC 
                 Tracking Area 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Code 
               
               
                   
                 TAG 
                 Timing Advance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                   
                 TAU 
                 Tracking Area 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Update 
               
               
                   
                 TB 
                 Transport Block 
               
               
                   
                 TBS  
                 Transport Block 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Size 
               
               
                   
                 TBD 
                 To Be Defined 
               
               
                   
                 TCI 
                 Transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Configuration Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 TCP 
                 Transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Communication 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 TDD 
                 Time Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Duplex 
               
               
                   
                 TDM  
                 Time Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiplexing 
               
               
                   
                 TDMA 
                 Time Division 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Multiple Access 
               
               
                   
                 TE 
                 Terminal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 TEID  
                 Tunnel End Point 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 TFT 
                 Traffic Flow 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Template 
               
               
                   
                 TMSI  
                 Temporary Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber Identity 
               
               
                   
                 TNL 
                 Transport Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Layer 
               
               
                   
                 TPC 
                 Transmit Power 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Control 
               
               
                   
                 TPMI  
                 Transmitted 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Precoding Matrix 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Indicator 
               
               
                   
                 TR  
                 Technical Report 
               
               
                   
                 TRP, TRxP 
                 Transmission 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reception Point 
               
               
                   
                 TRS 
                 Tracking Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                 TRx 
                 Transceiver 
               
               
                   
                 TS 
                 Technical 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Specifications, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Technical Standard 
               
               
                   
                 TTI  
                 Transmission Time  
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interval 
               
               
                   
                 Tx 
                 Transmission, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmitting, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmitter 
               
               
                   
                 U-RNTI 
                 UTRAN 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Temporary Identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UART Universal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Asynchronous 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Receiver and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transmitter 
               
               
                   
                 UCI 
                 Uplink Control 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Information 
               
               
                   
                 UE 
                 User Equipment 
               
               
                   
                 UDM 
                 Unified Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Management 
               
               
                   
                 UDP 
                 User Datagram 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 UDR 
                 Unified Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Repository 
               
               
                   
                 UDSF 
                 Unstructured Data 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Storage Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 UICC 
                 Universal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Integrated Circuit Card 
               
               
                   
                 UL 
                 Uplink 
               
               
                   
                 UM 
                 Unacknowledged 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mode 
               
               
                   
                 UML 
                 Unified Modelling 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Language 
               
               
                   
                 UMTS 
                 Universal Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Telecommunications  
               
               
                   
                   
                 System 
               
               
                   
                 UP 
                 User Plane 
               
               
                   
                 UPF  
                 User Plane 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Function 
               
               
                   
                 URI 
                 Uniform Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Identifier 
               
               
                   
                 URL 
                 Uniform Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Locator 
               
               
                   
                 URLLC  
                 Ultra- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reliable and Low 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Latency 
               
               
                   
                 USB 
                 Universal Serial 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bus 
               
               
                   
                 USIM 
                 Universal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Subscriber Identity Module 
               
               
                   
                 USS 
                 UE-specific search 
               
               
                   
                   
                 space 
               
               
                   
                 UTRA 
                 UMTS Terrestrial 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Radio Access 
               
               
                   
                 UTRAN  
                 Universal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Terrestrial Radio 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access Network 
               
               
                   
                 UwPTS 
                 Uplink Pilot 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Time Slot 
               
               
                   
                 V2I 
                 Vehicle-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Infrastruction 
               
               
                   
                 V2P 
                 Vehicle-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Pedestrian 
               
               
                   
                 V2V 
                 Vehicle-to-Vehicle 
               
               
                   
                 V2X 
                 Vehicle-to- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 everything 
               
               
                   
                 VIM 
                 Virtualized 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Infrastructure Manager 
               
               
                   
                 VL 
                 Virtual Link, 
               
               
                   
                 VLAN 
                 Virtual LAN, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Virtual Local Area 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 VM 
                 Virtual Machine 
               
               
                   
                 VNF 
                 Virtualized 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network Function 
               
               
                   
                 VNFFG 
                 VNF 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Graph 
               
               
                   
                 VNFFGD  
                 VNF 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Forwarding Graph 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Descriptor 
               
               
                   
                 VNFM 
                 VNF Manager 
               
               
                   
                 VoIP 
                 Voice-over-IP, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Voice-over-Internet 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protocol 
               
               
                   
                 VPLMN 
                 Visited 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Public Land Mobile 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 VPN 
                 Virtual Private 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 VRB 
                 Virtual Resource 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Block 
               
               
                   
                 WiMAX 
                 Worldwide 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Interoperability for 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microwave Access 
               
               
                   
                 WLAN 
                 Wireless Local 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 WMAN  
                 Wireless 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Metropolitan Area 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 WPAN 
                 Wireless Personal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Area Network 
               
               
                   
                 X2-C  
                 X2-Control plane 
               
               
                   
                 X2-U 
                 X2-User plane 
               
               
                   
                 XML 
                 eXtensible Markup 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Language 
               
               
                   
                 XRES 
                 EXpected user 
               
               
                   
                   
                 RESponse 
               
               
                   
                 XOR  
                 eXclusive OR 
               
               
                   
                 ZC 
                 Zadoff-Chu 
               
               
                   
                 ZP 
                 Zero Power 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Terminology 
     For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions are applicable to the examples and embodiments discussed herein. 
     The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a complex PLD (CPLD), a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD), a structured ASIC, or a programmable SoC), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry. 
     The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, and/or transferring digital data. Processing circuitry may include one or more processing cores to execute instructions and one or more memory structures to store program and data information. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to one or more application processors, one or more baseband processors, a physical central processing unit (CPU), a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, and/or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, and/or functional processes. Processing circuitry may include more hardware accelerators, which may be microprocessors, programmable processing devices, or the like. The one or more hardware accelerators may include, for example, computer vision (CV) and/or deep learning (DL) accelerators. The terms “application circuitry” and/or “baseband circuitry” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, “processor circuitry.” 
     The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I/O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, and/or the like. 
     The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface. 
     The term “network element” as used herein refers to physical or virtualized equipment and/or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous to and/or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, router, switch, hub, bridge, radio network controller, RAN device, RAN node, gateway, server, virtualized VNF, NFVI, and/or the like. 
     The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” and/or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices and/or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing and/or networking resources. 
     The term “appliance,” “computer appliance,” or the like, as used herein refers to a computer device or computer system with program code (e.g., software or firmware) that is specifically designed to provide a specific computing resource. A “virtual appliance” is a virtual machine image to be implemented by a hypervisor-equipped device that virtualizes or emulates a computer appliance or otherwise is dedicated to provide a specific computing resource. 
     The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, and/or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor/CPU time, processor/CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input/output operations, ports or network sockets, channel/link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, and/or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by physical hardware element(s). A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, and/or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices/systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing and/or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable. 
     The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with and/or equivalent to “communications channel,” “data communications channel,” “transmission channel,” “data transmission channel,” “access channel,” “data access channel,” “link,” “data link,” “carrier,” “radiofrequency carrier,” and/or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices through a RAT for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information. 
     The terms “instantiate,” “instantiation,” and the like as used herein refers to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during execution of program code. 
     The terms “coupled,” “communicatively coupled,” along with derivatives thereof are used herein. The term “coupled” may mean two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with one another, may mean that two or more elements indirectly contact each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, and/or may mean that one or more other elements are coupled or connected between the elements that are said to be coupled with each other. The term “directly coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct contact with one another. The term “communicatively coupled” may mean that two or more elements may be in contact with one another by a means of communication including through a wire or other interconnect connection, through a wireless communication channel or link, and/or the like. 
     The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. 
     The term “SMTC” refers to an SSB-based measurement timing configuration configured by SSB-MeasurementTimingConfiguration. 
     The term “SSB” refers to an SS/PBCH block. 
     The term “a “Primary Cell” refers to the MCG cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. 
     The term “Primary SCG Cell” refers to the SCG cell in which the UE performs random access when performing the Reconfiguration with Sync procedure for DC operation. 
     The term “Secondary Cell” refers to a cell providing additional radio resources on top of a Special Cell for a UE configured with CA. 
     The term “Secondary Cell Group” refers to the subset of serving cells comprising the PSCell and zero or more secondary cells for a UE configured with DC. 
     The term “Serving Cell” refers to the primary cell for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC there is only one serving cell comprising of the primary cell. 
     The term “serving cell” or “serving cells” refers to the set of cells comprising the Special Cell(s) and all secondary cells for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA. 
     The term “Special Cell” refers to the PCell of the MCG or the PSCell of the SCG for DC operation; otherwise, the term “Special Cell” refers to the Pcell.