Patent Publication Number: US-4548455-A

Title: Connector with lock mechanism

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a connector for electrically connecting the contacts of a plug and the contacts of a socket by coupling the plug and the socket with each other, and more particularly to a connector having a lock mechanism for locking the plug and the socket together when the plug is inserted in the socket. 
     One form of the connector of the type described is revealed in Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Publication No. 53-110489. With the known connector, when a plug and a socket are coupled with each other, a lock mechanism is automatically actuated to lock the plug and the socket together. The plug and the socket are locked against separation even when a cord connected to the connector is caught by a hand or a foot, for example. To disengage the plug and the socket, a coupling sleeve disposed around the plug is pulled back against a biasing force for unlocking the plug and the socket. When coupling the conventional connector, however, it has not been possible to connect the plug and the socket while holding the coupling sleeve. Since the coupling sleeve takes up a relatively large area around the plug, the user is required to hold a relatively small portion such as a cap other than the coupling sleeve, and has to pay attention to do so. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a connector with a lock mechanism, which includes a plug and a socket that can be coupled together while holding wherever desired on the plug, and which is relatively simple in construction and can be manufactured inexpensively. 
     According to the present invention, locking springs and support bars extending axially of a plug are disposed in superposed relation, and the support bars are axially movable and normally urged forwardly under the resiliency of a coil spring. When the plug is to be inserted into a socket, the support bars are caught by a front surface of the socket, and the locking springs are first inserted into an insertion slot defined in the front surface of the socket. As protrusions on the ends of the locking springs engage in recesses in the insertion slot in the socket, the support bars are inserted into the insertion slot under the bias of the coil spring, whereupon the protrusions are retained in the recesses to lock the plug and the socket together. The plug can be pulled out of the socket by pulling back a coupling sleeve against the biasing force to withdraw the support bars out of the insertion slot. 
     The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of illustrative example. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a plug in a connector according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the plug shown in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a socket body; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of support bars; 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a cap; 
     FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a half body of a coupling sleeve; 
     FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of a socket in the connector invention; 
     FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 8; 
     FIGS. 10A through 10D are fragmentary cross-sectional views showing the relationship between a locking spring, a protrusion, a support bar, an insertion slot, and a recess at the time the plug is inserted into and removed from the socket; 
     FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a plug according to another embodiment; 
     FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a socket according to another embodiment; 
     FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a plug according to still another embodiment; 
     FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of the plug shown in FIG. 13, with a coupling sleeve omitted from illustration; 
     FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the plug of FIG. 13, with the coupling sleeve removed; and 
     FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a cap of the plug of FIG. 13. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A plug in a connector according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 through 3. As shown in FIG. 3, a plug body 11 is in the form of a cylinder of an insulating material, and a tubular insert 12 is formed integrally with the plug body 11 and extends coaxially therewith toward a position in front of the plug body 11 (see FIG. 4). Plug contacts 13 projects forwardly from the plug body 11 in the tubular insert 12. The plug contacts 13 comprise pin contacts force-fitted in and extending through small holes (not shown) defined axially through the plug body 11. The contacts 13 have rear ends to which are connected lead wires 14a from a cord 14. The plug body 11 is fitted at its rear end in a front end of a cap 15, with the cord 14 lead out of a rear end of the cap 15. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, a positioning ridge 16 is integrally formed on an inner peripheral surface of the tubular insert 12 and extends axially thereof. 
     According to the present invention, locking springs 17 extending axially forwardly are mounted on the plug body 11 and have on free ends thereof protrusions 18 projecting radially outwardly of an axis of the plug body 11. The locking springs 17 are resiliently displaceable in radial directions. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, U-shaped slots 19 are formed in the insert 12 to axially extend into the plug body 11 to define the locking springs 17. The locking springs 17 have rear ends integrally fixed to the plug body 11 and free front ends from which the protrusions 18 integrally project. In the illustrated embodiment, the locking springs 17 are disposed in diametrically opposite relation to each other. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 3, a pair of support bars 21 is held against surfaces of the locking springs 17 opposite from the protrusions 18 and is axially movable. The support bars 21 are normally urged by a coil spring 22 to move axially in a forward direction, and can be moved back by a coupling sleeve 23 against the resiliency of the coil spring 22. The coupling sleeve 23 is axially movably disposed around the plug body 11 and the cap 15. As shown in FIG. 5, the support bars 21 have rear ends integrally connected by a ring member 24 on which there is integrally formed a pair of engagement members 25 extending radially outwardly. 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, and 6, the cap 15 have axial guide slots 26 defined in a front portion thereof in radial alignment with the engagement members 25. The engagement members 25 are guided in the axial guide slots 26 for axial movement therealong, with the engagement members 25 projecting radially outwardly from the guide slots 26. As shown in FIG. 4, the plug body 11 has axial holes 27 positioned radially inwardly of the locking springs 17 and having substantially the same widths as those of the U-shaped slots 19, the axial holes 27 communicating with the slots 19 and the interior of the tubular insert 12. As shown in FIG. 3, the support bars 21 are inserted in the holes 27 and held substantially in contact with inner surfaces of the locking springs 17. The support bars 21 have inner surfaces lying flush with or slightly recessed from the inner peripheral surface of the insert 12. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the coupling sleeve 23 has a ring-shaped recess 28 defined in an inner peripheral surface thereof in which ends of the engagement members 25 are inserted so as to be axially movable. The coupling sleeve 23 also has locking teeth 29 projecting radially inwardly from the inner peripheral surface of the coupling sleeve 23 at a rear end thereof. Between the locking teeth 29 and the ring-shaped recess 28, there is positioned a ring-shaped stopper 31 (FIG. 6) integrally formed on an outer peripheral surface of the cap 15. That is, a portion of the coupling sleeve 23 which is rearward of the ring-shaped recess 28 has a greater inside diameter to define a ring-shaped clearance 32 for allowing the coupling sleeve 23 to be axially moved between the locking teeth 29 and the ring-shaped recess 28. 
     The coil spring 22 is interposed between a ring-shaped step 20 formed in an inner peripheral surface of the cap 15 and the engagement members 25 in coaxial relation to the cap 15. The coil spring 22 urges the support bars 21 in a forward direction, and also urges the engagement members 25 to engage a front wall surface 28a of the ring-shaped recess 28 to thereby bias the coupling sleeve 23 forwardly. Under this condition, the locking teeth 29 are in engagement with the stopper 31. 
     In the illustrated position, the protrusions 18 of the locking springs 17 are positioned forwardly of the coupling sleeve 23 and project radially outwardly beyond the outer peripheral surface of the insert 12. The locking springs 17 project slightly forwardly of the support bars 21. 
     A socket for use with the plug shown in FIGS. 1 through 7 is illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 8 and 9. A socket body 34 is in the form of a cylinder made of an insulating material and has a ring-shaped insertion slot 35 defined in a front surface thereof. Contacts 36 are mounted in the socket body 34 radially inwardly of the slot 35. The socket contacts 36 are capable of coupling engagement with the plug contacts 13. In the illustrated embodiment, the socket contacts 36 are in the form of receptacle contacts in which the pin contacts 13 can be inserted. The socket contacts 36 are force-fitted in holes defined in the socket body 34. The socket body 34 includes an axial positioning groove 37 defined in an inner peripheral surface of the insertion slot 35 for receiving the positioning ridge 16 in the plug (FIGS. 2 and 3). 
     The socket body 34 also includes locking recesses 38 defined in an outer peripheral surface of the insertion slot 35 for receiving the protrusions 18 of the locking springs 17. In FIG. 3, the sum d 1  of the thicknesses of the protrusion 18 and the locking spring 17 and the thickness of the support bar 21 is greater than the width d 2  (FIG. 9) of the insertion slot 35. The width d 2  of the insertion slot 35 is greater than the sum d 3  of the thickness of the locking spring 17 behind the protrusion 18 and the thickness of the support bar 21. The axial length of the ring-shaped clearance 32 is selected such that, with the protrusions 18 engaging in the recesses 38, the support bars 21 can move into and out of the insertion slot 35 or be axially displaced. 
     Each of the protrusions 18 has a front taper 18a (FIG. 10A) sloping down from the top of the protrusion towards the tip end of the locking spring 17 to submerge under the level of the outer peripheral surface of the tubular insert 12 so that when the tubular insert 12 is inserted into the insertion slot 35, an outer edge of the slot 35 abuts the front taper 18a to displace the free end portion of the locking spring 17 radially inwardly. 
     Instead of providing the front taper 18a at the front end of the protrusion 18, it is also possible to form a taper 35a at the outer edge of the insertion slot 35 as indicated by broken line in FIG. 10C. In this case, the front end of the protrusion 18 is right-angled as indicated by broken line 18&#39;. 
     The protrusion 18 may also have a rear taper 18b at the rear end thereof, which effects to press the locking spring 17 radially inwardly as the locking spring 17 is pulled out of the insertion slot 35 (FIG. 10D). Instead of providing the rear taper 18b at the rear end of the protrusion 18, it is also possible to form a taper at an inner edge of the insertion slot 35, though not shown in the drawings. 
     For coupling the plug and the socket, the tubular insert 12 of the plug is inserted into the insertion slot 35 in the socket. When a front portion of the insert 12 extending forward beyond the free end of the locking spring 17 is inserted into the insertion slot 35, relative positioning between the insertion slot 35 and the free end of the locking spring 17 is automatically accomplished so that the outer edge of the insertion slot 35 may abut the front taper 18a of the protrusion 18. Accordingly, the ends of the protrusions 18 are guided into the insertion slot 35 as shown in FIG. 10A. Since the thickness d 1  of the protrusion 18 and the support bar 21 is greater than the slot width d 2 , as described above, the support bar 21 engages the front surface of the socket body 34 as shown in FIG. 10B and is retracted relatively to the protrusion 18 against the resiliency of the coil spring 22. The protrusions 18 and the insert 12 enter the insertion slot 35 while causing the locking springs 17 to be resiliently bent radially inwardly. When the protrusions 18 are brought into confronting relation to the recesses 38, the protrusions 18 enter and engage axially in the recesses 38 since the locking springs 17 spring back. At the time the locking springs 17 are resiliently bent, the support bars 21 are also resiliently bent as shown in FIG. 10B. Upon entrance of the protrusions 18 into the recesses 38, the support bars 21 spring back and are inserted into the insertion slot 35 under the force of the coil spring 22. To facilitate easy insertion of the support bars 21 into the insertion slot 35, it is preferable for each support bar 21 to have a tapered surface 21a on the distal end thereof. With the plug and the socket thus coupled, they are securely locked and cannot be separated merely by pulling the plug in a direction out of the socket since the protrusions 18 cannot be pulled out of the recesses 38 as the thickness of the locking spring 17 and the support bar 21 and the insertion slot width d 2  are selected as described above. 
     To pull the plug out of the socket, the coupling sleeve 23 is pulled back against the biasing force of the coil spring 22. The support bars 21 are then pulled back through the engagement members 25 until the support bars 21 are brought out of the insertion slot 35 as shown in FIG. 10D. Therefore, the ends of the locking springs 17 can be moved in a direction opposite from the protrusions 18. By pulling the plug axially, the locking springs 17 are resiliently bent as the protrusions 18 are moved out of the recesses 38, whereupon the plug is unlocked from the socket. 
     With the connector of the invention being thus constructed, when the plug is to be inserted into the socket while holding the coupling sleeve 23, the force imposed on the coupling sleeve 23 is applied through the locking teeth 29 to the cap 15. Thus, the plug can be inserted into the socket. The plug can also be inserted into the socket while holding wherever desired on the cap 15. The plug can easily assembled by attaching the contacts 13 to the plug body 11, inserting the support bars 21 through the holes 27 from behind the plug body 11, connecting the cord 14 to the contacts 13, fitting the plug body 11 into the cap 15 with the coil spring 22 housed therein, and then mounting the coupling sleeve 23 onto the plug body 11 and the cap 15 from the front ends thereof. The plug can be constructed of relatively simple parts with ease. Although the locking springs 17 are shown as integral with the plug body 11, the locking springs 17 may be integrally formed with the cap 15. The locking springs 17 may be positioned radially inwardly of the support bars 21, with the protrusions 18 disposed radially inwardly, and the recesses 38 defined in the inner peripheral surface of the insertion slot 35. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 in which like parts are denoted by like reference characters in FIGS. 1 through 9, the plug contacts 13 in the plug body 11 may comprise receptacle contacts, and the socket contacts 36 in the socket body 34 may comprise pin contacts. The locking spring 17 and the support bar 21 may be combined in one pair or three or more pairs. 
     FIGS. 13 through 16 illustrate a plug in a connector according to another embodiment of the present invention. Like or corresponding parts in FIGS. 13 through 16 are designated by like or corresponding reference characters in FIGS. 1 through 9. The plug body 11 is fixed to the cap 15 by auxiliary members. More specifically, the plug body 11 includes an extension 11a projecting rearwardly of the proximal ends of the locking springs 17, and such a rearward extension 11a has an outside diameter smaller than that of the plug body 11, thus defining a ring-shaped step 41. A ring member 24 is disposed over the rearward extension 11a and a coil spring 22 is also disposed over the rearward extension 11a. The locking springs 17 project radially outwardly of the outer peripheral surface of the plug body 11, and have integral positioning projections 42, 43 projecting away from each other on the proximal ends of the locking springs 17. An edge of the tubular insert 12 comprises projections 44 projecting radially outwardly from the outer peripheral surface of the tubular insert 12. 
     Semicylindrical metal members 45, 46 serve as auxiliary members for fixing the plug body 11 to the cap 15, and are mounted on the plug body 11 in surrouding relation to the outer peripheral surface thereof. Each of the semicylindrical metal members 45, 46 has an opening 47 radially aligned with the locking spring 17, recesses 48, 49 communicating with the opening 47 and aligned with the positioning projections 42, 43, and a recess 51 aligned with the projection 44. The projections 42, 43, 44 are fitted respectively in the recesses 48, 49, 51 to position the metal members 45, 46 on the plug body 11. The metal members 45, 46 extend rearwardly of the plug body 11, and one of the metal members 45 includes an arm 52 extending rearwardly. The rearwardly extending arm 52 is inserted into the cap 15 along an inner surface thereof. The arm 52 has a threaded hole 53. A screw 55 extends through a small hole 54 in the cap 15 threaded into the threaded hole 53, thus fastening the metal member 45 to the cap 15. 
     The cap 15 has two pairs of recesses 56 defined in diametrically opposite front portions thereof. Between the recesses 56 of each pair is formed a tongue in which there is defined a rectangular hole, the tongue with the rectangular hole serving as a holder 57. Thus, there are two such holders 57 on the cap 15 in diametrically opposite relation to each other. As shown in FIG. 16, each of the holders 57 is a double-walled construction having an arcuate groove 58 therein. The rear ends of the metal members 45, 46 are fitted into the arcuate grooves 58, respectively. The coil spring 22 is pushed forwardly by a front end surface of the cap 15. The arm 52 has an end serving as a cross-sectionally U-shaped lead-wire holder 59 which holds a plurality of lead wires 14a connected to plug contacts, so that no strong forces will be applied to joints between the lead wires 14a and the contacts when the cord 14 is strongly pulled. The coupling sleeve 23 has on an inner surface thereof projections 61 in the shape of a right-angled triangle. When the front end of the cap 15 is inserted into the coupling sleeve 23, the holders 57 are first elastically deformed radially inwardly and then the projections 61 are snapped into the rectangular holes in the holders 57. Therefore, the coupling sleeve 23 is axially movably mounted on the cap 15. 
     Although certain preferred embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.