Patent Publication Number: US-2021163912-A1

Title: Performance-enhanced protease variants i

Description:
REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED VIA EFS-WEB 
     The content of the ASCII text file of the sequence listing named “P75334US_sequencelisting_ST25” which is 60 kb in size was created on Sep. 5, 2017 and electronically submitted via EFS-Web herewith. The sequence listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a national stage entry according to 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT application No.: PCT/EP2018/073893 filed on Sep. 5, 2018; which claims priority to German application No.: 10 2017 215 628.7 filed on Sep. 5, 2017, as well as to German application No.: 10 2018 208 778.4 filed on Jun. 5, 2018; all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Proteases from  Bacillus pumilus  are disclosed, the amino acid sequences of which have been altered to give them better cleaning performance at low temperatures (e.g. between 20° C. and 40° C.), and also relates to the nucleic acids coding therefor and to the production thereof. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Proteases are some of the most important enzymes. They are the longest established enzymes for washing and cleaning agents, and are contained in virtually all modern, effective washing and cleaning agents. They aid in the decomposition of protein-containing stains on the item to be cleaned. Of these, in turn, proteases of the subtilisin type (subtilases, subtilopeptidases, EC 3.4.21.62) are particularly important, which are serine proteases due to the catalytically active amino acids. They act as non-specific endopeptidases and hydrolyze any acid amide bonds that are inside peptides or proteins. Their optimum pH is usually in the distinctly alkaline range. The article “Subtilases: Subtilisin-like Proteases” by R. Siezen, pages 75-95 in “Subtilisin enzymes,” published by R. Bott and C. Betzel, New York, 1996, gives an overview of this family, for example. Subtilases are, naturally, formed from microorganisms. In particular, the subtilisins formed and secreted by Bacillus species are the most significant group of subtilases. 
     Examples of the subtilisin proteases used in washing and cleaning agents are the subtilisins BPN′ and Carlsberg, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the protease from  Bacillus lentus,  in particular from  Bacillus lentus  DSM 5483, the subtilisin DY and the enzymes therm itase, proteinase K and proteases TW3 and TW7, which belong to the subtilases but no longer to the subtilisins in the narrower sense, and variants of said proteases having an amino acid sequence that has been altered with respect to the starting protease. Proteases are altered in a targeted manner or randomly using methods known from the prior art, and are thus optimized for the use in washing and cleaning agents, for example. This includes point mutagenesis, deletion or insertion mutagenesis, or fusion with other proteins or protein parts. Appropriately optimized variants are therefore known for the majority of proteases known from the prior art. 
     European patent application EP2016175A1 discloses, for example, a protease from  Bacillus pumilus  intended for washing and cleaning agents. In general, only selected proteases are suitable for use in liquid, surfactant-containing preparations in any case. Many proteases do not exhibit sufficient catalytic performance in such preparations. For the use of proteases in cleaning agents, therefore, a high catalytic activity under conditions as they are during a wash cycle and a high storage stability is particularly desirable. 
     Consequently, protease and surfactant-containing liquid formulations from the prior art are disadvantageous in that the proteases contained, under standard washing conditions (e.g. in a temperature range of from 20° C. to 40° C.), do not have satisfactory proteolytic activity or are not storage-stable and the formulations therefore do not exhibit optimal cleaning performance on protease-sensitive stains. 
     SUMMARY 
     Surprisingly, it has now been found that a protease from  Bacillus pumilus  or a sufficiently similar protease (based on the sequence identity) has the amino acid substitutions at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 271 and optionally 9, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 29, 48, 61, 92, 101, 130, 131, 133, 137, 144, 149, 156, 162, 166, 172, 192, 217, 224, 252 or 265, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, is improved in terms of proteolytic activity in standard washing conditions compared with the wild-type form and/or reference mutants and is therefore particularly suitable for use in washing or cleaning agents. 
     The invention therefore relates, in a first aspect, to a protease comprising an amino acid sequence which has at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length and has, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1:
         (a) at the position corresponding to position 271, an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E; and   (b1) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, at least one further amino acid substitution; and/or   (b2) at the position corresponding to position 9, an amino acid substitution, in particular selected from 9T, 9H, 9S and 9A, and at at least one position corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144, 217, 224 and 252, in particular 130, 133, 144, 217 and 252, a further amino acid substitution.       

     In a second aspect, the invention also relates to a protease comprising an amino acid sequence which has at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length and, based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, has at least one amino acid substitution at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265. 
     In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a protease having an amino acid sequence which has at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length and which comprises at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of G131N, T133K, T133Y, N144L or N252S, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. In such an embodiment, the protease has either no substitutions at positions 9 and 271, and optionally also no substitution at position 216, or it has a substitution at one of positions 9 and 271, and optionally also a substitution at position 216. 
     The invention also relates to a method for preparing a protease, as defined above, comprising the substitution of amino acids in a starting protease which has at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length (a) at the position corresponding to position 271 in SEQ ID NO:1, such that the protease comprises an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E, at the position, and (b1) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, such that the protease comprises at least one further amino acid substitution, and/or (b2) at the position corresponding to position 9 in SEQ ID NO:1, such that the protease comprises the amino acid substitutions 9T, 9H, 9S or 9A, in particular 9T, at the positions, and at at least one position corresponding to position 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144, 224 or 252 in SEQ ID NO:1, such that the protease comprises at least one of the amino acid substitutions 29G, 48V, 101E, 130D, 130S, 130H, 131D, 131N, 131S, 131K, 133K, 133R, 133Y, 144K, 144L, 144A, 224A, 224T, 252T or 252S. The protease that can be obtained by this method has at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A protease within the meaning of the present patent application therefore comprises both the protease as such and a protease prepared by a method. All statements regarding the protease therefore relate both to the protease as such and to the proteases prepared by means of corresponding methods. The proteases described herein have the features (a) and either (b1) or (b2) or (a), (b1) and (b2). 
     Further aspects relate to the nucleic acids coding for these proteases, to non-human host cells containing proteases or nucleic, and to agents comprising proteases, in particular washing and cleaning agents, to washing and cleaning methods, and to uses of the proteases in washing or cleaning agents in order to remove protein-containing stains. 
     “At least one,” as used herein, means one or more, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or more. 
     When the protease is defined herein such that it includes “the amino acid substitutions 9T, 9H, 9S or 9A,” this means that position 9 is mutated to either T, H, S or A. Therefore, the phrase whereby the protease comprises “the amino acid substitutions 9T, 9H, 9S or 9A and 271E and optionally 216C” means that position 9 is mutated to either T, H, S or A, position 271 is mutated to E and position 216 is optionally mutated to C. 
     The present invention is based on the surprising finding of the inventors that amino acid substitutions at the positions described herein bring about improved performance of this altered protease (proteolytic activity under standard washing conditions) in washing and cleaning agents. Optionally, improved storage stability of this altered protease can additionally be brought about in washing and cleaning agents. This is particularly surprising insofar as none of the above-mentioned amino acid substitutions has previously been associated with increased catalytic activity and/or increased storage stability of the protease. 
     In non-limiting embodiments of the protease, the protease has amino acid substitutions
         (A) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 131 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 133, 144, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (B) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 133 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 144, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (C) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 224 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (D) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 133, 144, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (E) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 144 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (F) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (G) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 133 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 144, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (H) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 144 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 133, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (I) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 133, 144 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (J) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 133, 144 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (K) (i) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 133, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 144 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (L) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 144, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (M) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 144, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 133 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (N) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 133, 144, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (O) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 133, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 144 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1;   (P) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 133, 144 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1; or   (Q) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 133, 144, 252 and 271, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and optionally (ii) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 131 or 224, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1.       

     In further embodiments, proteases are those having amino acid substitutions at the positions:
     9 and 271 and at least one of 131, 133, 224, 130 and 144, and optionally at least one of 29, 48, 101 and 252;   9+271+131+224 and optionally at least one of 29, 48, 101, 130, 133, 144 or 252;   9+271+131+133 and optionally at least one of 29, 48, 101, 130, 144, 224 or 252;   9+271+131+133+224 and optionally at least one of 29, 48, 101, 130, 144 or 252; or   9+271+131+133+224+130 and optionally at least one of 29, 48, 101, 144 or 252;   

     In various embodiments, the protease has
         (1) at the position corresponding to position 271, an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E; and   (2-1) at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 144 and 252, the amino acid substitutions 9T, 130D, 144K and 252T; and/or   (2-2) at one or more of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, one or more amino acid substitutions selected from: 18D, 61Y, 92S, 99Y, 137K, 1491, 156G, 156Y, 1591, 162S, 166M, 172G, 172P, 192V, 199M, 217M and 265A.
 
Here, feature (1) can be combined with feature (2-1), feature (2-2), or both.
       

     In different embodiments, the protease has an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E, at the position corresponding to position 271; and has the amino acid substitutions 9T, 130D, 144K and 252T at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 144 and 252; and optionally has at least one, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, further amino acid substitution(s) at one or more of the positions corresponding to positions 62, 99, 133, 137, 149, 156, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217, 224 or 265, these being selected from: 62S, 99Y, 133R, 133K, 133A, 137K, 1491, 156G, 156Y, 162S, 166M, 172G, 172P, 192V, 199M, 217M, 224A and 265A. Such proteases are disclosed for example in example 1. Non-limiting embodiments include those proteases which have an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E, at the position corresponding to position 271; and have the amino acid substitutions 9T, 130D, 144K and 252T at the positions corresponding to positions 9, 130, 144 and 252; and optionally at least one, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, further amino acid substitution(s) at one or more of the positions corresponding to positions 62, 133, 137, 162, 192, 217 or 265, these being selected from: 62S, 133R, 133K, 133A, 137K, 162S, 192V, 217M and 224A. 
     In further embodiments, the protease has amino acid substitutions at the following positions (in the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1):
     9+271+29   9+271+48   9+271+101   9+271+130   9+271+131   9+271+133   9+271+144   9+271+224   9+271+252   9+271+29+48   9+271+29+101   9+271+29+130   9+271+29+131   9+271+29+133   9+271+29+144   9+271+29+224   9+271+29+252   9+271+48+101   9+271+48+130   9+271+48+131   9+271+48+133   9+271+48+144   9+271+48+224   9+271+48+252   9+271+101+130   9+271+101+131   9+271+101+133   9+271+101+144   9+271+101+224   9+271+101+252   9+271+130+131   9+271+130+133   9+271+130+144   9+271+130+224   9+271+130+252   9+271+131+133   9+271+131+144   9+271+131+224   9+271+131+252   9+271+133+144   9+271+133+224   9+271+133+252   9+271+144+224   9+271+144+252   9+271+224+252   9+271+29+48+101   9+271+29+48+130   9+271+29+48+131   9+271+29+48+133   9+271+29+48+144   9+271+29+48+224   9+271+29+48+252   9+271+29+101+130   9+271+29+101+131   9+271+29+101+133   9+271+29+101+144   9+271+29+101+224   9+271+29+101+252   9+271+29+130+131   9+271+29+130+133   9+271+29+130+144   9+271+29+130+224   9+271+29+130+252   9+271+29+131+133   9+271+29+131+144   9+271+29+131+224   9+271+29+131+252   9+271+29+133+144   9+271+29+133+224   9+271+29+133+252   9+271+29+144+224   9+271+29+144+252   9+271+2   9+224+252   9+271+48+101+130   9+271+48+101+131   9+271+48+101+133   9+271+48+101+144   9+271+48+101+224   9+271+48+101+252   9+271+48+130+131   9+271+48+130+133   9+271+48+130+144   9+271+48+130+224   9+271+48+130+252   9+271+48+131+133   9+271+48+131+144   9+271+48+131+224   9+271+48+131+252   9+271+48+133+144   9+271+48+133+224   9+271+48+133+252   9+271+48+144+224   9+271+48+144+252   9+271+48+224+252   9+271+101+130+131   9+271+101+130+133   9+271+101+130+144   9+271+101+130+224   9+271+101+130+252   9+271+101+131+133   9+271+101+131+144   9+271+101+131+224   9+271+101+131+252   9+271+101+133+144   9+271+101+133+224   9+271+101+133+252   9+271+101+144+224   9+271+101+144+252   9+271+101+224+252   9+271+130+131+133   9+271+130+131+144   9+271+130+131+224   9+271+130+131+252   9+271+130+133+144   9+271+130+133+224   9+271+130+133+252   9+271+130+144+224   9+271+130+144+252   9+271+130+224+252   9+271+131+133+144   9+271+131+133+224   9+271+131+133+252   9+271+131+144+224   9+271+131+144+252   9+271+131+224+252   9+271+133+144+224   9+271+133+144+252   9+271+133+224+252   9+271+144+224+252   9+271+29+48+101+130   9+271+29+48+101+131   9+271+29+48+101+133   9+271+29+48+101+144   9+271+29+48+101+224   9+271+29+48+101+252   9+271+29+48+130+131   9+271+29+48+130+133   9+271+29+48+130+144   9+271+29+48+130+224   9+271+29+48+130+252   9+271+29+48+131+133   9+271+29+48+131+144   9+271+29+48+131+224   9+271+29+48+131+252   9+271+29+48+133+144   9+271+29+48+133+224   9+271+29+48+133+252   9+271+29+101+130+131   9+271+29+101+130+133   9+271+29+101+130+144   9+271+29+101+130+224   9+271+29+101+130+252   9+271+29+101+131+133   9+271+29+101+131+144   9+271+29+101+131+224   9+271+29+101+131+252   9+271+29+101+133+144   9+271+29+101+133+224   9+271+29+101+133+252   9+271+29+101+144+224   9+271+29+101+144+252   9+271+29+101+224+252   9+271+29+130+131+133   9+271+29+130+131+144   9+271+29+130+131+224   9+271+29+130+131+252   9+271+29+130+133+144   9+271+29+130+133+224   9+271+29+130+133+252   9+271+29+130+144+224   9+271+29+130+144+252   9+271+29+130+224+252   9+271+29+131+133+144   9+271+29+131+133+224   9+271+29+131+133+252   9+271+29+131+144+224   9+271+29+131+144+252   9+271+29+131+224+252   9+271+29+133+144+224   9+271+29+133+144+252   9+271+29+133+224+252   9+271+29+144+224+252   9+271+48+101+130+131   9+271+48+101+130+133   9+271+48+101+130+144   9+271+48+101+130+224   9+271+48+101+130+252   9+271+48+101+131+133   9+271+48+101+131+144   9+271+48+101+131+224   9+271+48+101+131+252   9+271+48+101+133+144   9+271+48+101+133+224   9+271+48+101+133+252   9+271+48+101+144+224   9+271+48+101+144+252   9+271+48+101+224+252   9+271+48+130+131+133   9+271+48+130+131+144   9+271+48+130+131+224   9+271+48+130+131+252   9+271+48+130+133+144   9+271+48+130+133+224   9+271+48+130+133+252   9+271+48+130+144+224   9+271+48+130+144+252   9+271+48+130+224+252   9+271+48+131+133+144   9+271+48+131+133+224   9+271+48+131+133+252   9+271+48+131+144+224   9+271+48+131+144+252   9+271+48+131+224+252   9+271+48+133+144+224   9+271+48+133+144+252   9+271+48+133+224+252   9+271+48+144+224+252   9+271+101+130+131+133   9+271+101+130+131+144   9+271+101+130+131+224   9+271+101+130+131+252   9+271+101+130+133+144   9+271+101+130+133+224   9+271+101+130+133+252   9+271+101+130+144+224   9+271+101+130+144+252   9+271+101+130+224+252   9+271+101+131+133+144   9+271+101+131+133+224   9+271+101+131+133+252   9+271+101+131+144+224   9+271+101+131+144+252   9+271+101+131+224+252   9+271+101+133+144+224   9+271+101+133+144+252   9+271+101+133+224+252   9+271+101+144+224+252   9+271+130+131+133+144   9+271+130+131+133+224   9+271+130+131+133+252   9+271+130+131+144+224   9+271+130+131+144+252   9+271+130+131+224+252   9+271+130+133+144+224   9+271+130+133+144+252   9+271+130+133+224+252   9+271+130+144+224+252   9+271+131+133+144+224   9+271+131+133+144+252   9+271+131+133+224+252   9+271+131+144+224+252   9+271+133+144+224+252   

     In various embodiments, the aforementioned variants do not have further substitutions or have only one or more additional substitutions in the positions from the group of positions of 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144, 224 and 252, if these have not yet been mentioned above. In further embodiments, in particular in all the embodiments described above, the protease has an additional amino acid substitution at the position corresponding to position 217, based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. This amino acid substitution may be the amino acid substitution 217M. 
     Further embodiments relate to protease variants which have amino acid substitutions at the following positions (in the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1):
     271+18   271+61   271+92   271+99   271+137   271+149   271+156   271+159   271+162   271+166   271+172   271+192   271+199   271+217   271+265   271+18+61   271+18+92   271+18+99   271+18+137   271+18+149   271+18+156   271+18+159   271+18+162   271+18+166   271+18+172   271+18+192   271+18+199   271+18+217   271+18+265   271+61+92   271+61+99   271+61+137   271+61+149   271+61+156   271+61+159   271+61+162   271+61+166   271+61+172   271+61+192   271+61+199   271+61+217   271+61+265   271+92+99   271+92+137   271+92+149   271+92+156   271+92+159   271+92+162   271+92+166   271+92+172   271+92+192   271+92+199   271+92+217   271+92+265   271+99+137   271+99+149   271+99+156   271+99+159   271+99+162   271+99+166   271+99+172   271+99+192   271+99+199   271+99+217   271+99+265   271+137+149   271+137+156   271+137+159   271+137+162   271+137+166   271+137+172   271+137+192   271+137+199   271+137+217   271+137+265   271+149+156   271+149+159   271+149+162   271+149+166   271+149+172   271+149+192   271+149+199   271+149+217   271+149+265   271+156+159   271+156+162   271+156+166   271+156+172   271+156+192   271+156+199   271+156+217   271+156+265   271+159+162   271+159+166   271+159+172   271+159+192   271+159+199   271+159+217   271+159+265   271+162+166   271+162+172   271+162+192   271+162+199   271+162+217   271+162+265   271+166+172   271+166+192   271+166+199   271+166+217   271+166+265   271+172+192   271+172+199   271+172+217   271+172+265   271+192+199   271+192+217   271+192+265   271+199+217   271+199+265   271+217+265   

     In various embodiments, the aforementioned variants do not have further substitutions or have only one or more additional substitutions in the positions from the group of positions of 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 and 265, if these have not yet been mentioned above. 
     In all the aforementioned variants, the corresponding exchanges are in particular those mentioned above, i.e. 9T, 9H, 9S, 9A, 29G, 48V, 101E, 130D, 130S, 130H, 131D, 131N, 131S, 131K, 133K, 133R, 133Y, 144K, 144L, 144A, 224A, 224T, 252S, 252T and/or 271E. 9T, 130D, 133R/K, 144K, 252T/S and/or 271E. Accordingly, in particular the above-mentioned variants in which the aforementioned substitutions occur are preferred. A variant which has the substitutions 9T, 130D, 144K, 252T and 271E, and optionally also 133R/K and/or 217M may be included in a non-limiting embodiment. 
     In embodiments of the protease, i.e. in particular the variants listed above, the protease has amino acid substitutions at the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, which amino acid substitutions are selected from: 18D, 61Y, 92S, 99Y, 137K, 1491, 156G, 156Y, 1591, 162S, 166M, 172G, 172P, 192V, 199M, 217M and 265A. 
     In further embodiments, in particular in all the embodiments described above, the protease has an additional amino acid substitution at the position corresponding to position 216, based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. This amino acid substitution may be the amino acid substitution S216C. In various embodiments, however, the application described herein also relates to protease variants which do not have the substitution 216C, in particular do not have a substitution in the position 216 in the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     In various embodiments, the protease contains at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of A29G, A48V, D101E, N130D, N130S, N130H, G131D, G131N, G131S, G131K, T133K, T133R, T133Y, N144K, N144L, N144A, S224A, S224T or N252S, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. In yet further embodiments, the protease contains the amino acid substitutions (1) P9T, P9H, P9S or P9A and (2) Q271E and optionally also (3) S216C and additionally one of the following amino acid substitution variants: (I) A48V, G131S, T133R and 5224A; (II) G131D, T133R and 5224A; (III) N130D, G131N, T133K and N144K; (IV) A29G, N130D, G131N and T133R; (V) N130D, G131S, T133K and 5224A; (VI) N130D, G131N, T133K, N144L and N252S; (VII) G131S, N144K and S224T; (VIII) N1305, G131S, T133Y, N144L and 5224A; (IX) D101E, G131N and 5224A; or (X) N130H, G131S and S224A, the numbering being based in each case on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     In various embodiments, the proteases have an amino acid sequence according to one of SEQ ID Nos. 3-12, 16-25 or 15-25. 
     The proteases typically have improved cleaning performance, i.e. increased catalytic activity in washing or cleaning agents. In various embodiments, the proteases may have a proteolytic activity which, based on the wild type (SEQ ID NO:1), is at least 101%, such as at least 102% or more. In various embodiments, the proteases have a proteolytic activity which, based on a reference mutation variant of the protease (SEQ ID NO:13 and/or SEQ ID NO:2 and/or SEQ ID NO:14), is at least 110%, at least 115%, at least 120%, at least 125%, at least 130%, at least 135%, at least 140%, at least 145%, at least 150%, at least 155% or at least 160%. Such performance-enhanced proteases allow improved washing results on proteolytically sensitive stains in various temperature ranges, in particular in a temperature range of from 20° C. to 40° C. 
     Independently of or in addition to increased cleaning performance, the proteases may also have increased storage stability in washing or cleaning agents. This means that they have increased stability in washing or cleaning agents in comparison with the wild-type enzyme and in particular in contrast to the initial variant or a reference mutation variant of the protease (SEQ ID NO:2, 13 or 14), in particular when stored for 3 or more days, 4 or more days, 7 or more days, 10 or more days, 12 or more days, 14 or more days, 21 or more days or 28 or more days. 
     The proteases exhibit enzymatic activity, i.e. they are capable of hydrolyzing peptides and proteins, in particular in a washing or cleaning agent. A protease is therefore an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of amide/peptide bonds in protein/peptide substrates and is thus able to cleave proteins or peptides. Furthermore, a protease is a mature protease, i.e. the catalytically active molecule without signal peptide(s) and/or propeptide(s). Unless stated otherwise, the sequences given also each refer to mature (processed) enzymes. 
     In various embodiments, the protease is a free enzyme. This means that the protease can act directly with all the components of an agent and, if the agent is a liquid agent, that the protease is in direct contact with the solvent of the agent (e.g. water). In other embodiments, an agent may contain proteases that form an interaction complex with other molecules or that contain a “coating.” In this case, an individual protease molecule or multiple protease molecules may be separated from the other components of the agent by a surrounding structure. Such a separating structure may arise from, but is not limited to, vesicles such as a micelle or a liposome. The surrounding structure may also be a virus particle, a bacterial cell or a eukaryotic cell. In various embodiments, an agent may include cells of Bacillus pumilus or Bacillus subtilis which express the proteases, or cell culture supernatants of such cells. 
     In various embodiments, the protease comprises an amino acid sequence which, over its entire length, is at least 70%, 71° A, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 90.5%, 91%, 91.5%, 92%, 92.5%, 93%, 93.5%, 94%, 94.5%, 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5% and 98.8% identical to the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1, and has the amino acid substitutions given above in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. In the context of various embodiments, the feature whereby a protease has the given substitutions means that it contains one (of the given) substitution(s) at the relevant position, i.e. at least the given positions are not otherwise mutated or deleted, for example by fragmenting of the protease. The amino acid sequences of exemplary proteases which are detected are given in SEQ ID Nos: 3-12 and 16-25 or 17-25. In various embodiments, the proteases described herein, with the exception of the explicitly mentioned substitutions, have the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, i.e. apart from the substituted positions, they are 100% identical to the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1. 
     The identity of nucleic acid or amino acid sequences is determined by a sequence comparison. This sequence comparison is based on the BLAST algorithm established and commonly used in the prior art (cf. for example Altschul et al. (1990): “Basic local alignment search tool,” J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, and Altschul et al. (1997): “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs,” Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402) and in principle occurs by associating similar sequences of nucleotides or amino acids in the nucleic acid or amino acid sequences. A tabular association of the positions concerned is referred to as alignment. Another algorithm which is available in the prior art is the FASTA algorithm. Sequence comparisons (alignments), in particular multiple sequence comparisons, are created using computer programs. The Clustal series (cf. for example, Chenna et al. (2003): “Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs,” Nucleic Acid Res. 31:3497-3500), T-Coffee (cf. for example, Notredame et al. (2000): “T-Coffee: A novel method for multiple sequence alignments,” J. Mol. Biol. 302:205-217) or programs based on these programs or algorithms are frequently used, for example. Sequence comparisons (alignments) using the computer program Vector NTI® Suite 10.3 (Invitrogen Corporation, 1600 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, California, USA) with the predetermined, default parameters, and the AlignX module of which for sequence comparisons is based on ClustalW, are also possible. Unless stated otherwise, the sequence identity given herein is determined by the BLAST algorithm. 
     Such a comparison also allows a statement regarding the similarity of the compared sequences. It is usually given in percent identity, i.e. the proportion of identical nucleotides or amino acid residues in said sequences, or corresponding positions in an alignment. The broader concept of homology takes conserved amino acid substitutions into account in the case of amino acid sequences, i.e. amino acids having similar chemical activity, since they usually perform similar chemical activities within the protein. Therefore, the similarity of the compared sequences may also be stated as percent homology or percent similarity. Identity and/or homology information can be provided regarding whole polypeptides or genes or only regarding individual regions. Homologous or identical regions of different nucleic acid or amino acid sequences are therefore defined by matches in the sequences. Such regions often have identical functions. They can be small and comprise only a few nucleotides or amino acids. Often, such small regions perform essential functions for the overall activity of the protein. It may therefore be expedient to relate sequence matches only to individual, optionally small regions. Unless stated otherwise, however, identity or homology information in the present application relates to the entire length of the particular nucleic acid or amino acid sequence indicated. 
     In the context of various embodiments, the indication that an amino acid position corresponds to a numerically designated position in SEQ ID NO:1 therefore means that the corresponding position is associated with the numerically designated position in SEQ ID NO:1 in an alignment as defined above. 
     In a further embodiment, the protease is characterized in that the cleaning performance thereof is not significantly reduced compared with that of a protease comprising an amino acid sequence that corresponds to the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:13 and/or SEQ ID NO:2 and/or SEQ ID NO:14, i.e. has at least 80% of the reference washing performance, such as at least 100%, or at least 110% or more. The cleaning performance can be determined in a washing system containing a washing agent in a dosage between 4.5 and 7.0 grams per liter of washing liquor, and the protease, the proteases to be compared being used in the same concentration (based on active protein) and the cleaning performance with respect to a stain on cotton being determined by measuring the degree of cleaning of the washed textiles. 
     For example, the washing process can take place for 60 minutes at a temperature of 40° C. and the water can have a water hardness between 15.5 and 16.5° (German hardness). The concentration of the protease in the washing agent intended for this washing system is 0.001 to 0.1 wt. %, such as 0.01 to 0.06 wt. % based on active, purified protein. 
     A liquid reference washing agent for such a washing system may be composed as follows (all figures in wt. %): 4.4% alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, 5.6% further anionic surfactants, 2.4% C 12 -C 18  Na salts of fatty acids (soaps), 4.4% non-ionic surfactants, 0.2% phosphonates, 1.4% citric acid, 0.95% NaOH, 0.01% defoamer, 2% glycerol, 0.08% preservatives, 1% ethanol, and the remainder being dem ineralized water. In a non-limiting embodiment, the dosage of the liquid washing agent is between 4.5 and 6.0 grams per liter of washing liquor, for example 4.7, 4.9 or 5.9 grams per liter of washing liquor. Washing in a pH range between pH 7 and pH 10.5, such as between pH 7.5 and pH 8.5, is suitable. 
     In the context of various embodiments, the cleaning performance is determined for example at 20° C. or 40° C. using a liquid washing agent as stated above, the washing process being carried out for 60 minutes at 600 rpm. 
     The degree of whiteness, i.e. the lightening of stains, as a measure of the cleaning performance is determined by optical measuring methods, such as photometrically. A suitable device for this purpose is for example the Minolta CM508d spectrometer. Usually, the devices used for the measurement are calibrated beforehand with a white standard, such as a supplied white standard. 
     The activity-equivalent use of the respective protease ensures that the respective enzymatic properties, for example the cleaning performance on certain stains, are compared even if the ratio of active substance to total protein (the values of the specific activity) significantly differs. In general, a low specific activity can be compensated for by adding a larger amount of protein. 
     Otherwise, methods for determining protease activity are well known to, and routinely used by, a person skilled in the art of enzyme technology. For example, such methods are disclosed in Tenside, vol. 7 (1970), pp. 125-132. Alternatively, the protease activity can be determined by the release of the chromophore para-nitroaniline (pNA) from the substrate suc-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide (AAPF). The protease cleaves the substrate and releases pNA. The release of the pNA causes an increase in absorbance at 410 nm, the temporal progression of which is a measure of the enzymatic activity (cf. Del Mar et al., 1979). The measurement is carried out at a temperature of 25° C., a pH of 8.6, and a wavelength of 410 nm. The measuring time is 5 min and the measuring interval is 20 s to 60 s. The protease activity is usually indicated in protease units (PE). Suitable protease activities amount for example to 2.25, 5 or 10 PE per ml of washing liquor, for example. However, the protease activity is not equal to zero. 
     An alternative test for establishing the proteolytic activity of the proteases is an optical measuring method, such as a photometric method. The appropriate test involves the protease-dependent cleavage of the substrate protein casein. This is cleaved by the protease into a multitude of smaller partial products. The totality of these partial products has an increased absorption at 290 nm compared with uncleaved casein, it being possible for this increased absorption to be determined using a photometer, and thus for a conclusion to be drawn regarding the enzymatic activity of the protease. 
     The protein concentration can be determined using known methods, for example the BCA method (bicinchoninic acid; 2,2′-bichinolyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) or the Biuret method (A. G. Gornall, C. S. Bardawill and M. M. David, J. Biol. Chem., 177 (1948), pp. 751-766). The active protein concentration can be determined in this regard by titrating the active centers using a suitable irreversible inhibitor and determining the residual activity (cf. M. Bender et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 24 (1966), pp. 5890-5913). 
     In addition to the amino acid alterations discussed above, proteases can have other amino acid alterations, in particular amino acid substitutions, insertions or deletions. Such proteases are, for example, further developed by targeted genetic modification, i.e. by mutagenesis methods, and optimized for specific applications or with regard to specific properties (for example with regard to their catalytic activity, stability, etc.). Furthermore, nucleic acids can be introduced into recombination approaches and can thus be used to generate completely novel proteases or other polypeptides. 
     The aim is to introduce targeted mutations such as substitutions, insertions or deletions into the known molecules in order, for example, to improve the cleaning performance of enzymes. For this purpose, in particular the surface charges and/or the isoelectric point of the molecules and thus their interactions with the substrate can be altered. For example, the net charge of the enzymes can be altered in order to influence the substrate binding, in particular for use in washing and cleaning agents. Alternatively or in addition, one or more corresponding mutations can increase the stability or catalytic activity of the protease and thus improve its cleaning performance. Advantageous properties of individual mutations, e.g. of individual substitutions, can complement one another. A protease which has already been optimized with regard to specific properties, for example with respect to its stability during storage, can therefore also be further developed. 
     For the description of substitutions relating to exactly one amino acid position (amino acid exchanges), the following convention is used herein: first, the naturally occurring amino acid is designated in the form of the internationally used one-letter code, followed by the associated sequence position and finally the inserted amino acid. Several exchanges within the same polypeptide chain are separated by slashes. In insertions, additional amino acids are named according to the sequence position. In the case of deletions, the missing amino acid is replaced by a symbol, for example a star or a dash, or a 4 is indicated before the corresponding position. For example, P9T describes the substitution of proline at position 9 by threonine, P9TH describes the insertion of histidine following the amino acid threonine at position 9 and P9* or 4P9 describes the deletion of proline at position 9 and 130R/K describes the substitution at position 130 by lysine or arginine. This nomenclature is known to a person skilled in the art in the field of enzyme technology. 
     A protease is characterized in that it is obtainable from a protease as described above as the starting molecule by one-time or multiple conservative amino acid substitution, the protease in the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1 having the above-described amino acid substitutions. The term “conservative amino acid substitution” means the exchange (substitution) of one amino acid residue for another amino acid residue, with this exchange not resulting in a change to the polarity or charge at the position of the exchanged amino acid, e.g. the exchange of a nonpolar amino acid residue for another nonpolar amino acid residue. Conservative amino acid substitutions include, for example: G=A=S, l=V=L=M, D=E, N-Q, K -R, Y-F, S-T, G-A=I V L M Y F W=P=S T. 
     Alternatively or in addition, the protease is characterized in that it can be obtained from a protease as a starter molecule by means of fragmentation, deletion, insertion or substitution mutagenesis, and has an amino acid sequence which matches the starter molecule over a length of at least 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273 or 274 interconnected amino acids, the amino acid substitution(s) which are described herein and possibly contained in the starting molecule, still being present. I.e. when the proteases described herein are modified, the modification takes place such that the substitutions are maintained. 
     Alternatively or in addition, the protease is characterized in that it can be obtained from a protease as a starter molecule by means of fragmentation, deletion, insertion or substitution mutagenesis, and has an amino acid sequence which matches the starter molecule over a length of at least 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273 or 274 interconnected amino acids, the amino acid substitution(s) which are described herein and possibly contained in the starting molecule, still being present. 
     For example, it is possible to delete individual amino acids at the termini or in the loops of the enzyme without the proteolytic activity being lost or diminished in the process. Furthermore, such fragmentation or deletion, insertion or substitution mutagenesis can also for example reduce the allergenicity of the enzymes concerned and thus improve their overall applicability. Advantageously, the enzymes retain their proteolytic activity even after mutagenesis, i.e. their proteolytic activity corresponds at least to that of the starting enzyme, i.e. in a non-limiting embodiment the proteolytic activity is at least 80%, such as at least 90% of the activity of the starting enzyme. Further substitutions can also demonstrate advantageous effects. Both single and multiple interconnected amino acids can be exchanged for other amino acids. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the protease is characterized in that it is obtainable from a protease as a starting molecule by one-time or multiple conservative amino acid substitution, amino acid substitutions remaining unchanged. 
     The further amino acid positions are in this case defined by an alignment of the amino acid sequence of a protease with the amino acid sequence of the protease from  Bacillus pumilus,  as given in SEQ ID NO:1. Furthermore, the assignment of the positions depends on the mature protein. This assignment is also to be used in particular if the amino acid sequence of a protease comprises a higher number of amino acid residues than the protease from  Bacillus pumilus  according to SEQ ID NO:1. Proceeding from the above-mentioned positions in the amino acid sequence of the protease from  Bacillus pumilus,  the alteration positions in a protease are those which are assigned to precisely these positions in an alignment. 
     Advantageous positions for sequence alterations, in particular substitutions, of the protease from  Bacillus pumilus,  which are of particular significance when transferred to homologous positions of the proteases and which impart advantageous functional properties to the protease are therefore the positions which correspond to the positions described herein in an alignment, i.e. in the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. At the positions mentioned, the following amino acid residues are present in the wild-type molecule of the protease from  Bacillus pumilus:  P9, A18, A29, A48, F61, A92, N99, D101, N130, G131, T133, N137, N144, V149, S156, T159, T162, G166, D172, A192, S199, S216, Y217, S224, N252, K265 and Q271. 
     Further confirmation of the correct assignment of the amino acids to be altered, i.e. in particular their functional correspondence, can be provided by comparative experiments, according to which the two positions assigned to one another on the basis of an alignment are altered in the same way in both compared proteases, and observations are made as to whether the enzymatic activity is altered in the same way in both cases. If, for example, an amino acid exchange in a specific position of the protease from  Bacillus pumilus  according to SEQ ID NO:1 is accompanied by an alteration of an enzymatic parameter, for example an increase in the KM value, and a corresponding alteration of the enzymatic parameter, for example likewise an increase in the KM value, is observed in a protease variant of which the amino acid exchange has been achieved by the same introduced amino acid, this can therefore be considered to be confirmation of the correct assignment. 
     All of these aspects are also applicable to the method for preparing a protease. Accordingly, a method further comprises one or more of the following method steps:
         a) introducing a single or multiple conservative amino acid substitution into the protease, wherein the protease comprises   (a) at the position corresponding to position 271, an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E; and   (b1) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, at least one further amino acid substitution; and/or   (b2) at the position corresponding to position 9, an amino acid substitution, in particular selected from 9T, 9H, 9S and 9A, and at at least one position corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144, 217, 224 and 252, in particular 130, 133, 144, 217 and 252, a further amino acid substitution, for example A29G, A48V, D101E, N130D, N130S, N130H, G131D, G131N, G131S, G131K, T133K, T133R, T133Y, N144K, N144L, N144A, S224A, S224T or N252S;   b) modifying the amino acid sequence by means of fragmentation, deletion, insertion or substitution mutagenesis such that the protease comprises an amino acid sequence which matches the starter molecule over a length of at least 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273 or 274 interconnected amino acids, wherein the protease comprises   (a) at the position corresponding to position 271, an amino acid substitution, in particular the amino acid substitution 271E; and   (b1) at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, at least one further amino acid substitution; and/or   (b2) at the position corresponding to position 9, an amino acid substitution, in particular selected from 9T, 9H, 9S and 9A, and at at least one position corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144, 217, 224 and 252, in particular 130, 133, 144, 217 and 252, a further amino acid substitution, for example A29G, A48V, D101E, N130D, N130S, N130H, G131D, G131N, G131S, G131K, T133K, T133R, T133Y, N144K, N144L, N144A, S224A, S224T or N252S.       

     All embodiments also apply to the method. In particular, each of the aforementioned proteases may additionally comprise an amino acid substitution at position 216 and/or 217 in the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, in particular 216C and/or 217M. However, in various embodiments the protease may have no substitution at position 216. 
     In further embodiments, the protease or the protease prepared by a method is still at least 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 90.5%, 91%, 91.5%, 92%, 92.5%, 93%, 93.5%, 94%, 94.5%, 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, or 98.8% identical to one of the amino acid sequence specified in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length. Alternatively, the protease or the protease prepared by a method is still at least 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 90.5%, 91%, 91.5%, 92%, 92.5%, 93%, 93.5%, 94%, 94.5%, 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, or 98.8% identical to one of the amino acid sequences given in SEQ ID Nos:3-12 and 16-25 over its entire length. The protease or the protease prepared by means of the method has an amino acid substitution at position 271, in particular 271E, and (i) in particular one or more of the amino acid substitutions 9T, 130D, 144K and 252T at position 9 and at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 29, 48, 101, 130, 131, 133, 144, 224 or 252, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1, and/or (ii) at least one further amino acid substitution at at least one of the positions corresponding to positions 18, 61, 92, 99, 137, 149, 156, 159, 162, 166, 172, 192, 199, 217 or 265, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     In embodiments, the one amino acid substitution is at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of P9T, P9H, P9T, P9A, A29G, A48V, D101E, N130D, N130S, N130H, G131D, G131N, G131S, G131K, T133K, T133R, T133Y, N144K, N144L, N144A, S224A, S224T, N252S and Q271E, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     By way of example, the following amino acid substitutions may be mentioned: P9T, P9H, P9S or P9A, in particular P9T, and Q271E and optionally also S216C combined with one of (I) A48V, G131S, T133R and 5224A; (II) G131D, T133R and S224A; (III) N130D, G131N, T133K and N144K; (IV) A29G, N130D, G131N and T133R; (V) N130D, G131S, T133K and S224A; (VI) N130D, G131N, T133K, N144L and N252S; (VII) G131S, N144K and S224T; (VIII) N130S, G131S, T133Y, N144L and S224A; (IX) D101E, G131N and S224A; or (X) N130H, G131S and S224A, the numbering being based in each case on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     In various embodiments, proteases are formed according to SEQ ID NO:1 having the following amino acid substitution variants: Q271E combined with one of (i) P9T, N130D, N144K and N252T; (ii) P9T, N130D, N144K, N252T and S156G; (iii) P9T, N130D, N144K, N252T and S156Y; (iv) P9T, N130D, N144K, N252T and Y217M; (v) P9T, N130D, N144K, N252T and N137K; (vi) N130D, N144K, N252T and F61Y; (vii) N130D, N144K, N252T and A92S; (viii) N130D, N144K, N252T, F61Y and A92S; (ix) N130D, N144K, N252T and T162S; (x) N130D, N144K, N252T and A192V; (xi) N130D, N144K, N252T, P9H, A18D and T159I; or (xii) P9T and D172G, the numbering being based in each case on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. Further examples are the variants described above and in the examples. 
     The invention also relates to a protease described above which is additionally stabilized, in particular by one or more mutations, for example substitutions, or by coupling to a polymer. Increasing the stability in storage and/or during use, for example in the washing process, leads to the enzymatic activity lasting for longer and the cleaning performance thus being improved. In principle, all the stabilization options which are described in the prior art and/or are expedient are taken into consideration. Stabilizations may be achieved by mutation of the enzyme itself, as such stabilizations do not require any further working steps in addition to obtaining the enzyme. Examples of sequence alterations suitable for this purpose are mentioned above. Further suitable sequence changes are known from the prior art. 
     Further options for stabilization are, for example:
         modifying the binding of metal ions, in particular the calcium binding sites, for example by exchanging one or more of the amino acid(s) involved in calcium binding with one or more negatively charged amino acids and/or by introducing sequence changes to at least one of the sequences of the two amino acids arginine/glycine;   protecting against the influence of denaturing agents such as surfactants by means of mutations which change the amino acid sequence on or at the surface of the protein;   exchanging amino acids which are near the N-terminus with amino acids that are presumed to be in contact with the rest of the molecule via non-covalent interactions and therefore contribute to maintaining the globular structure.       

     Non-limiting embodiments are those in which the enzyme is stabilized in a variety of ways, as a plurality of stabilizing mutations have an additive or synergistic effect. 
     The invention also relates to a protease as described above, which is characterized in that it has at least one chemical modification. A protease with such an alteration is referred to as a derivative, i.e. the protease is derivatized. 
     Within the context of various embodiments, derivatives are understood to mean proteins of which the pure amino acid chain has been chemically modified. Derivatizations of this kind can be carried out in vivo, for example, by the host cell that expresses the protein. In this regard, couplings of low-molecular-weight compounds such as of lipids or oligosaccharides are particularly noteworthy. However, derivatizations may also be carried out in vitro, for example by the chemical conversion of a side chain of an amino acid or by covalent bonding of another compound to the protein. For example, it is possible to couple amines to carboxyl groups of an enzyme in order to change the isoelectric point. Another compound of this kind may also be another protein which is bound to a protein via bifunctional chemical compounds, for example. Derivatization is likewise understood to mean covalent bonding to a macromolecular carrier, or non-covalent entrapment in suitable macromolecular cage structures. Derivatizations can, for example, influence the substrate specificity or the strength of the bond to the substrate or lead to temporary blocking of the enzymatic activity, if the coupled substance is an inhibitor. This may be expedient for the period of storage, for example. Such modifications can furthermore influence stability or enzymatic activity. They can also be used to reduce the allergenicity and/or immunogenicity of the protein and thereby increase the skin compatibility thereof. For example, couplings with macromolecular compounds, such as polyethylene glycol, can improve the protein with regard to stability and/or skin compatibility. 
     Derivatives of a protein can be understood, in the broadest sense, to also mean preparations of said proteins. Depending on its extraction, processing or preparation, a protein can be combined with various other substances, for example from the culture of the producing microorganisms. A protein can also be combined in a targeted manner with other substances, for example in order to increase its storage stability. This is also irrespective of whether or not said protein actually develops this enzymatic activity in a specific preparation, as it may be desirable that it has no or only minimal activity in storage, and develops its enzymatic function only at the point of use. This can be controlled by corresponding accompanying substances, for example. In particular, the joint preparation of proteases with specific inhibitors is possible in this regard. 
     Of all the proteases or protease variants and/or derivatives described above, those of which the catalytic activity corresponds to at least one of those of the proteases according to SEQ ID Nos: 3-12 and 16-25, and/or of which the cleaning performance corresponds to at least one of those of the proteases according to SEQ ID Nos: 3-12 or 16-25, are suitable, the cleaning performance being determined in a washing system as described above. 
     In a further aspect, a protease may have an amino acid sequence which has at least 70% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO:1 over its entire length and which comprises at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of G131N, T133K, T133Y, N144L or N252S, in each case based on the numbering according to SEQ ID NO:1. In such an embodiment, the protease has either no substitutions at positions 9 and 271, and optionally also no substitution at position 216, or it has a substitution at one of positions 9 and 271, and optionally also a substitution at position 216. 
     This also applies in particular to the optionally present further substitutions and the sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1, which may be 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 90.5%, 91%, 91.5%, 92%, 92.5%, 93%, 93.5%, 94%, 94.5%, 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, or 98.8%. 
     The invention also relates to a nucleic acid which codes for a protease, as well as to a vector containing such a nucleic acid, in particular a cloning vector or an expression vector. 
     These may be DNA or RNA molecules. They can be present as a single strand, as a single strand that is complementary to this single strand, or as a double strand. In particular in the case of DNA molecules, the sequences of the two complementary strands must be taken into account in all three possible reading frames. Furthermore, it should be noted that different codons, i.e. base triplets, can code for the same amino acids such that a particular amino acid sequence can be coded by a plurality of different nucleic acids. Due to this degeneracy of the genetic code, all of the nucleic acid sequences which can code any of the proteases described above are included in this subject matter. A person skilled in the art is able to determine these nucleic acid sequences unequivocally since, despite the degeneracy of the genetic code, defined amino acids can be assigned to individual codons. Therefore, a person skilled in the art proceeding from an amino acid sequence can easily determine nucleic acids coding for said amino acid sequence. Furthermore, in the case of nucleic acids, one or more codons may be replaced by synonymous codons. This aspect relates in particular to the heterologous expression of the enzymes. Thus, every organism, for example a host cell of a production strain, has a particular codon usage. Codon usage is understood to mean the translation of the genetic code into amino acids by the particular organism. Bottlenecks can occur in the protein biosynthesis if the codons on the nucleic acid in the organism are faced with a comparatively small number of loaded tRNA molecules. Although coding for the same amino acid, this results in a codon being translated less efficiently in the organism than a synonymous codon coding for the same amino acid. Due to the presence of a higher number of tRNA molecules for the synonymous codon, it can be translated more efficiently in the organism. 
     Using methods which are currently generally known, such as chemical synthesis or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in conjunction with molecular-biological and/or protein-chemical standard methods, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to produce the corresponding nucleic acids and even complete genes on the basis of known DNA and/or amino acid sequences. Such methods are known, for example, from Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. 2001. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Laboratory Press. 
     In the context of various embodiments, vectors are understood to mean elements which consist of nucleic acids and which contain a nucleic acid as a characterizing nucleic acid range. They are able to establish these as a stable genetic element in a species or cell line over several generations or cell divisions. Vectors are specific plasm ids, i.e. circular genetic elements, in particular for use in bacteria. In the context of various embodiments, a nucleic acid is cloned into a vector. The vectors include, for example, those originating from bacterial plasm ids, viruses or bacteriophages, or predominantly synthetic vectors or plasmids with elements of a wide variety of origins. Using the further genetic elements which are present in each case, vectors can be established as stable units in the host cells in question over several generations. They may be present as separate units in an extrachromosomal manner or integrated into a chromosome or chromosomal DNA. 
     Expression vectors comprise nucleic acid sequences which enable them to replicate in the host cells containing them, such as microorganisms, e.g. bacteria, and to express a contained nucleic acid there. The expression is in particular influenced by the promoter(s) that regulate the transcription. In principle, the expression can take place by the natural promoter originally located before the nucleic acid to be expressed, but also by a promoter of the host cell provided on the expression vector or also by a modified or completely different promoter of another organism or another host cell. In the present case, at least one promoter is provided for the expression of a nucleic acid and used for the expression thereof. Furthermore, expression vectors can be regulatable, for example by changing the cultivation conditions or when a specific cell density of the host cells containing them is reached or by addition of specific substances, in particular activators of gene expression. An example of such a substance is the galactose derivative isopropyl-p-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), which is used as an activator of the bacterial lactose operon (lac operon). In contrast with expression vectors, the nucleic acid contained is not expressed in cloning vectors. 
     The invention also relates to a non-human host cell which contains a nucleic acid or a vector or which contains a protease, in particular one which secretes the protease into the medium surrounding the host cell. A nucleic acid or a vector is transformed into a microorganism, which then represents a host cell. Alternatively, individual components, i.e. nucleic acid parts or fragments of a nucleic acid can be introduced into a host cell such that the resulting host cell contains a nucleic acid or a vector. This procedure is particularly suitable when the host cell already contains one or more constituents of a nucleic acid or a vector and the further constituents are then supplemented accordingly. Methods for transforming cells are established in the prior art and are well known to a person skilled in the art. In principle, all cells, i.e. prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, are suitable as host cells. Host cells that can be managed in a genetically advantageous manner, for example in terms of the transformation with the nucleic acid or the vector and the stable establishment thereof, are suitable, for example unicellular fungi or bacteria. Furthermore, host cells are characterized by good microbiological and biotechnological handleability. This relates, for example, to ease of culturing, high growth rates, low demands on fermentation media, and good production and secretion rates for foreign proteins. Non-limiting host cells secrete the (transgenically) expressed protein into the medium surrounding the host cells. Furthermore, the proteases can be modified by the cells producing them after their production, for example by attachment of sugar molecules, formylations, am inations, etc. Such post-translational modifications can functionally influence the protease. 
     Other non-limiting embodiments are those host cells of which the activity can be regulated on account of genetic regulatory elements, which are, for example, made available on the vector but may also be present in these cells from the outset. These host cells may be induced to express, for example by the controlled addition of chemical compounds which are used as activators, by changing the culturing conditions, or upon reaching a certain cell density. This enables an economical production of the proteins. An example of such a compound is IPTG as described above. 
     Prokaryotic or bacterial cells may be host cells. Bacteria are characterized by short generation times and low demands on cultivation conditions. As a result, cost-effective cultivation methods or production methods can be established. In addition, a person skilled in the art has a wealth of experience in the case of bacteria in fermentation technology. For a specific production, gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria may be suitable for a wide variety of reasons to be determined experimentally in individual cases, such as nutrient sources, product formation rate, time requirement, etc. 
     In the case of gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, a large number of proteins are secreted into the periplasmic space, i.e. into the compartment between the two membranes enclosing the cells. This may be advantageous for particular applications. Furthermore, gram-negative bacteria can also be designed such that they eject the expressed proteins not only into the periplasmic space, but into the medium surrounding the bacterium. In contrast, gram-positive bacteria such as bacilli or actinomycetes or other representatives of Actinomycetales have no outer membrane, and therefore secreted proteins are released immediately into the medium surrounding the bacteria, usually the nutrient medium, from which the expressed proteins can be purified. They can be isolated directly from the medium or further processed. In addition, gram-positive bacteria are related or identical to most of the origin organisms for technically significant enzymes and usually even form comparable enzymes, meaning that they have a similar codon usage and the protein synthesizer is naturally aligned accordingly. 
     Host cells may be altered in terms of their requirements for the culture conditions, may have different or additional selection markers or may express other or additional proteins. In particular, this may also involve those host cells which transgenically express several proteins or enzymes. 
     [0084]The present invention is applicable in principle to all microorganisms, in particular to all fermentable microorganisms, such as those of the genus Bacillus, and leads to it being possible to produce proteins by the use of such microorganisms. Such microorganisms then represent host cells. 
     In a further embodiment, the host cell is characterized in that it is a bacterium, such as one selected from the group of the genera of  Escherichia, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Stenotrophomonas  and  Pseudomonas,  such as one selected from the group of  Escherichia coli, Klebsiella planticola, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alcalophilus, Bacillus globigii, Bacillus gibsonii, Bacillus clausii, Bacillus halodurans, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Arthrobacter oxidans, Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces coelicolor  and  Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.    
     The host cell may also be a eukaryotic cell, however, which is characterized in that it has a cell nucleus. The invention therefore also relates to a host cell which is characterized in that it has a cell nucleus. In contrast with prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are capable of post-translationally modifying the protein formed. Examples thereof are fungi such as  Actinomycetes  or yeasts such as  Saccharomyces  or  Kluyveromyces.  This may be particularly advantageous, for example, when, in the context of their synthesis, the proteins undergo specific modifications which allow such systems. Modifications carried out by eukaryotic systems, in particular in connection with the protein synthesis, include, for example, the binding of low-molecular-weight compounds such as membrane anchors or oligosaccharides. Such oligosaccharide modifications may be desirable, for example, to lower the allergenicity of an expressed protein. Co-expression with the enzymes naturally formed by such cells, such as cellulases, may be advantageous. Furthermore, for example, thermophilic fungal expression systems may be particularly suitable for the expression of temperature-resistant proteins or variants. 
     The host cells are cultivated and fermented in the conventional way, for example in discontinuous or continuous systems. In the first case, a suitable culture medium is inoculated with the host cells, and the product is harvested from the medium after a period of time that is to be experimentally determined. Continuous fermentations are characterized by the achievement of a flow equilibrium, in which cells partially die over a comparatively long period of time but also grow back and the protein formed can be removed from the medium at the same time. 
     Host cells are used to prepare proteases. The invention therefore also relates to a method for preparing a protease, comprising
         a) cultivating a host cell, and   b) isolating the protease from the culture medium or from the host cell.       

     This subject matter comprises fermentation processes. Fermentation processes are known per se from the prior art and represent the actual large-scale production step, usually followed by a suitable purification method of the produced product, for example the proteases. All fermentation processes which are based on a corresponding method for preparing a protease constitute embodiments of this subject matter. 
     Fermentation methods which are characterized in that the fermentation is carried out via an inflow strategy are considered in particular. In this case, the media components that are consumed by the continuous culturing are fed. As a result, considerable increases can be achieved both in the cell density and in the cell mass or dry mass and/or in particular in the activity of the protease of interest. Furthermore, the fermentation may also be designed in such a way that undesirable metabolic products are filtered out, or neutralized by adding a buffer or counterions which are appropriate in each case. 
     The protease prepared can be harvested from the fermentation medium. Such a fermentation process may be more suitable as compared to isolation of the protease from the host cell, i.e. product preparation from the cell mass (dry matter), but requires the provision of suitable host cells or one or more suitable secretion markers or mechanisms and/or transport systems for the host cells to secrete the protease into the fermentation medium. Without secretion, the protease can alternatively be isolated from the host cell, i.e. purified from the cell mass, for example by precipitation with ammonium sulphate or ethanol, or by chromatographic purification. 
     All of the above-mentioned aspects can be combined into methods in order to prepare protease. 
     The invention also relates to an agent which is characterized in that it contains a protease as described above. The agent is a washing or cleaning agent. 
     This subject matter includes all conceivable types of washing or cleaning agent, both concentrates and undiluted agents, for use on a commercial scale, in washing machines or in hand washing or cleaning. These include washing agents for textiles, carpets, or natural fibers, for which the term washing agent is used. These also include, for example, dishwashing detergents for dishwashers or manual dishwashing detergents or cleaners for hard surfaces such as metal, glass, porcelain, ceramics, tiles, stone, painted surfaces, plastics materials, wood or leather, for which the term cleaning agent is used, i.e. in addition to manual and machine dishwashing detergents, for example also scouring agents, glass cleaners, toilet scenters, etc. The washing and cleaning agents may also include auxiliary washing agents, which are added to the actual washing agent when washing textiles manually or using a machine in order to achieve an additional effect. Furthermore, washing and cleaning agents in the scope also include textile pre-treatment and post-treatment agents, i.e. those agents with which the item of laundry is brought into contact before the actual washing cycle, for example to loosen stubborn soiling, and also those agents which give the laundry further desirable properties such as a pleasant feel, crease resistance or low static charge in a step subsequent to the actual textile wash. Inter alia, softeners are included in the last-mentioned agents. 
     The washing or cleaning agents, which may be in the form of powdered solids, in further-compacted particulate form, homogeneous solutions or suspensions, may contain, in addition to a protease, all known ingredients conventional in such agents, with at least one other ingredient being present in the agent. The agents may in particular contain surfactants, builders, peroxygen compounds or bleach activators. They may also contain water-miscible organic solvents, further enzymes, sequestering agents, electrolytes, pH regulators and/or further auxiliaries such as optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, foam regulators, as well as dyes and fragrances, and combinations thereof. 
     In particular, a combination of a protease with one or more further ingredients of the agent is advantageous, since, in non-limiting embodiments, such an agent has improved cleaning performance by virtue of resulting synergisms. In particular, combining a protease with a surfactant and/or a builder and/or a peroxygen compound and/or a bleach activator can result in such a synergism. However, in embodiments, the agent may not contain boric acid. 
     Advantageous ingredients of agents are disclosed in international patent application WO2009/121725, starting at the penultimate paragraph of page 5 and ending after the second paragraph on page 13. Reference is expressly made to this disclosure and the disclosure therein is incorporated in the present patent application by reference. 
     An agent advantageously contains the protease in an amount of from 2 μg to 20 mg, such as from 5 μg to 17.5 mg, alternatively from 20 μg to 15 mg or from 50 μg to 10 mg per g of the agent. In various embodiments, the concentration of the protease (active enzyme) described herein in the agent is &gt;0 to 1 wt. %, such as 0.001 to 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the agent or composition. Further, the protease contained in the agent, and/or other ingredients of the agent, may be coated with a substance which is impermeable to the enzyme at room temperature or in the absence of water, and which becomes permeable to the enzyme under conditions of use of the agent. Such an embodiment is thus characterized in that the protease is coated with a substance which is impermeable to the protease at room temperature or in the absence of water. Furthermore, the washing or cleaning agent itself can be packed in a container, such as an air-permeable container, from which it is released shortly before use or during the washing process. 
     In further embodiments, the agent is characterized in that it
         (a) is present in solid form, in particular as a flowable powder having a bulk density of from 300 g/l to 1200 g/l, in particular from 500 g/l to 900 g/l, or   (b) is present in pasty or liquid form, and/or   (c) is present in the form of a gel or in the form of dosing pouches, and/or   (d) is present as a single-component system, or   (e) is divided into a plurality of components.       

     These embodiments include all solid, powdered, liquid, gel or paste administration forms of agents, which may optionally also consist of a plurality of phases and can be present in compressed or uncompressed form. The agent may be present as a free-flowing powder, having a bulk density of from 300 g/l to 1200 g/l, in particular from 500 g/l to 900 g/l or 600 g/l to 850 g/l. The solid administration forms of the agent also include extrudates, granules, tablets or pouches. Alternatively, the agent may also be in liquid, gel or paste form, for example in the form of a non-aqueous liquid washing agent or a non-aqueous paste or in the form of an aqueous liquid washing agent or a water-containing paste. Moreover, the agent may be present as a single-component system. Such agents consist of one phase. Alternatively, an agent may consist of a plurality of phases. Such an agent is therefore divided into a plurality of components. 
     Washing or cleaning agents may contain only one protease. Alternatively, they may also contain other hydrolytic enzymes or other enzymes in a concentration that is expedient for the effectiveness of the agent. A further embodiment is therefore represented by agents which further comprise one or more further enzymes. All enzymes which can develop catalytic activity in a washing or cleaning agent, in particular a lipase, amylase, cellulase, hem icellulase, mannanase, tannanase, xylanase, xanthanase, xyloglucanase, ß-glucosidase, pectinase, carrageenanase, perhydrolase, oxidase, oxidoreductase or another protease which is distinct from the protease, and mixtures thereof, can be used as further enzymes. Further enzymes are advantageously contained in the agent in an amount of from 1×10 −8  to 5 wt. %, based on active protein. Each further enzyme is contained in agents in an amount of from 1×10 − &#39;to 3 wt. %, from 0.00001 to 1 wt. %, from 0.00005 to 0.5 wt. %, from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt. % or from 0.0001 to 0.05 wt. %, based on active protein. The enzymes exhibit synergistic cleaning performance against specific soiling or stains, i.e. the enzymes contained in the agent composition support one another in their cleaning performance. There is synergism between the protease and a further enzyme of an agent, including in particular between said protease and an amylase and/or a lipase and/or a mannanase and/or a cellulase and/or a pectinase. Synergistic effects can arise not only between different enzymes, but also between one or more enzymes and other ingredients of the agent. 
     In the cleaning agents described herein, the enzymes to be used may furthermore be produced together with accompanying substances, for example from fermentation. In liquid formulations, the enzymes are used as enzyme liquid formulations. 
     The enzymes are generally not provided in the form of pure protein, but rather in the form of stabilized, storable and transportable preparations. These ready-made preparations include, for example, the solid preparations obtained through granulation, extrusion, or lyophilization or, particularly in the case of liquid or gel agents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously maximally concentrated, low-water, and/or supplemented with stabilizers or other auxiliaries. 
     Alternatively, the enzymes can also be encapsulated for both the solid and the liquid dosage form, for example by spray-drying or extrusion of the enzyme solution together with a natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped in a set gel, or in those of the core-shell type in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water-, air-, and/or chemical-impermeable protective layer. In the case of overlaid layers, other active ingredients, such as stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaching agents, or dyes, can be additionally applied. Such capsules are applied using inherently known methods, for example by shaking or roll granulation or in fluidized bed processes. Such granules are advantageously low in dust, for example due to the application of polymeric film-formers, and stable in storage due to the coating. 
     Moreover, it is possible to formulate two or more enzymes together, so that a single granule exhibits a plurality of enzyme activities. 
     The enzymes can also be incorporated in water-soluble films, such as those used in the formulation of washing and cleaning agents in a unit dosage form. Such a film allows the release of the enzymes following contact with water. As used herein, “water-soluble” refers to a film structure that is completely water-soluble. In a non-limiting embodiment, such a film consists of (fully or partially hydrolyzed) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). 
     The invention also relates to a method for cleaning textiles or hard surfaces, which is characterized in that an agent is used in at least one method step, or in that a protease becomes catalytically active in at least one method step, in particular such that the protease is used in an amount of from 40 μg to 4 g, such as from 50 μg to 3 g, alternatively from 100 μg to 2 g, or from 200 μg to 1 g. 
     In various embodiments, the method described above is characterized in that the protease is used at a temperature of from 0 to 100° C., such as 0 to 60° C., alternatively 20 to 40° C. or at 20 or 25° C. 
     These include both manual and mechanical methods, with mechanical methods being suitable. Methods for cleaning textiles are generally characterized in that various substances that have a cleaning effect are applied to the item to be cleaned in a plurality of method steps and washed off after the contact time, or in that the item to be cleaned is otherwise treated with a washing agent or a solution or dilution of this agent. The same applies to methods for cleaning all materials other than textiles, in particular hard surfaces. All conceivable washing or cleaning methods can be enhanced in at least one of the method steps by the use of a washing or cleaning agent or a protease, and then represent embodiments. All aspects, objects, and embodiments described for the protease and agents containing it are also applicable to this subject matter. Therefore, reference is expressly made at this point to the disclosure at the appropriate point with the note that this disclosure also applies to the above-mentioned methods. 
     Since proteases naturally already have hydrolytic activity and also exhibit this in media which otherwise have no cleaning power, for example in a simple buffer, a single and/or the sole step of such a method can consist in the protease, which is the only cleaning-active component, being brought into contact with the stain, such as in a buffer solution or in water. This represents a further embodiment of this subject matter. 
     Alternative embodiments of this subject matter are also represented by methods for treating textile raw materials or for textile care, in which a protease becomes active in at least one method step. Among these, methods for textile raw materials, fibers or textiles with natural components are suitable, such as those with wool or silk. 
     Finally, the invention also encompasses the use of the proteases described herein in washing or cleaning agents, for example as described above, for the (improved) removal of protein-containing stains, for example from textiles or hard surfaces. In various embodiments of this use, the protease in the washing or cleaning agent is stored for 3 or more days, 4 or more days, 7 or more days, 10 or more days, 12 or more days, 14 or more days, 21 or more days or 28 or more days before a washing or cleaning process. 
     All aspects, objects, and embodiments described for the protease and agents containing it are also applicable to this subject matter of the invention. Therefore, reference is expressly made at this point to the disclosure at the appropriate point with the note that this disclosure also applies to the above-mentioned use. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Overview of the Mutations: 
     This invention relates to a subtilisin-type alkaline protease from  Bacillus pumilus.  From this protease (wild-type  Bacillus pumilus  DSM 18097 protease according to SEQ ID NO:1), variants were produced by random mutagenesis, which were then screened, inter alia for improved washing performance and/or enzyme stability. In this way, two performance-enhanced mutants (mutant 1 [SEQ ID NO:13] and mutant 2 [SEQ ID NO:2]) were generated from the wild-type protease (SEQ ID NO:1) mentioned above in a first round by error-prone mutagenesis. Both of these mutants were subject to an independent, second error-prone round. In this second round of mutation, mutants 3-12 according to SEQ ID Nos. 3-12 were generated. Therefore, all of mutants 3-12 mentioned here also carry at least some of the mutations of mutants 1 or 2. In a third round, other performance-enhanced mutants (mutant 1 [SEQ ID NO:14], mutant 2 [SEQ ID NO:15], mutant 3 [SEQ ID NO:16]) were generated by error-prone mutagenesis. These mutants were subject to another error-prone round (fourth round), and several saturation mutagenesis processes were carried out at specific positions. Moreover, several mutants have been produced by targeted generation of synthetic genes. In this fourth round of mutation, mutants 16-24 according to SEQ ID Nos. 17-25 were generated, as well as mutants 25-52. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ 
               
               
                 Variant 
                 Amino acid substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 1 
                 ID NO. 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mutant 1 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 13 
               
               
                 Mutant 2 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 T133R 
                 S224A 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2 
               
               
                 Mutant 3 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 A48V 
                 G131S 
                 T133R 
                 S224A 
                   
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Mutant 4 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 G131D 
                 T133R 
                 S224A 
                   
                   
                   
                 4 
               
               
                 Mutant 5 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 N130D 
                 G131N 
                 T133K 
                 N144K 
                   
                   
                 5 
               
               
                 Mutant 6 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 A29G 
                 N130D 
                 G131N 
                 T133R 
                   
                   
                 6 
               
               
                 Mutant 7 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 N130D 
                 G131S 
                 T131K 
                 S224A 
                   
                   
                 7 
               
               
                 Mutant 8 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 N130D 
                 G131N 
                 T133K 
                 N144L 
                 N252S 
                   
                 8 
               
               
                 Mutant 9 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 G131S 
                 N144K 
                 S224T 
                   
                   
                   
                 9 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 N130S 
                 G131S 
                 T133Y 
                 N144L 
                 S224A 
                   
                 10 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 D101E 
                 G131N 
                 S224A 
                   
                   
                   
                 11 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 Q271E 
                 S216C 
                 N130H 
                 G131S 
                 S224A 
                   
                   
                   
                 12 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                   
                   
                   
                 Q271E 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 14 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                   
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 16 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 S156G 
                   
                   
                   
                 17 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 S156Y 
                   
                   
                   
                 18 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 Y217M 
                   
                   
                   
                 19 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 N137K 
                   
                   
                   
                 20 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                   
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 F61Y 
                 A92S 
                   
                   
                 21 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                   
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                   
                   
                   
                 22 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                   
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 A192V 
                   
                   
                   
                 23 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9H 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 A18D 
                 T159I 
                   
                   
                 24 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                   
                   
                   
                 Q271E 
                 D172G 
                   
                   
                   
                 25 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T133R 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T133K 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 S224A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 S224A 
                 T133R 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 D172G 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 D172P 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 V149I 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 N99Y 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 Q62S 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 N137K 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 Y217M 
                 T133R 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 Y217M 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 Y217M 
                 T133A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 Y217M 
                 A192V 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T133A 
                 A192V 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 A192V 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 Y217M 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 T133A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 Y217M 
                 A192V 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 Y217M 
                 A192V 
                 T133A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 Y217M 
                 T133A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 A192V 
                 T133A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T133A 
                 K265A 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T133A 
                 S199M 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T133A 
                 G166M 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 T162S 
                 G166M 
               
               
                 Mutant 
                 P9T 
                 N130D 
                 N144K 
                 N252T 
                 Q271E 
                 A192V 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Washing Agent Matrix Used 
     The following washing agent matrices (commercially available, without enzymes, opt. brighteners, perfume and dyes) were used for the washing tests: 
     Washing Test 2: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Wt. % active 
                 Wt. % active substance 
               
               
                 Chemical name 
                 substance in the 
                 in the formulation 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Demineralized water 
                 100 
                 Remainder 
               
               
                 Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid 
                 96 
                 12-18 
               
               
                 Anionic surfactants 
                 70 
                 4-8 
               
               
                 C 12 -C 18  fatty acid Na salt 
                 30 
                 2-4 
               
               
                 Non-ionic surfactants 
                 100 
                  8-14 
               
               
                 Phosphonate 
                 60 
                 0.5-2     
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                 100 
                 3-5 
               
               
                 NaOH 
                 50 
                 0.5-2     
               
               
                 Defoamer 
                 100 
                 &lt;1% 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 99.5 
                 1-3 
               
               
                 1,2-propanediol 
                 100 
                  8-12 
               
               
                 Monoethanolamine 
                 100 
                 4-8 
               
               
                 Soil repellent polymer 
                 30 
                 0.5-1     
               
               
                 Protease stabilizer 
                 100 
                 0.5-1.5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Without opt. brighteners, perfume, dye and enzymes. 
               
               
                 Dosage 3.17 g/L 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Washing Test 1: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Wt. % active 
                 Wt. % active substance 
               
               
                 Chemical name 
                 substance in the 
                 in the formulation 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Demineralized water 
                 100 
                 Remainder 
               
               
                 Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid 
                 96 
                 4.4 
               
               
                 Anionic surfactants 
                 70 
                 5.6 
               
               
                 C 12 -C 18  fatty acid Na salt 
                 30 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 Non-ionic surfactants 
                 100 
                 4.4 
               
               
                 Phosphonates 
                 40 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                 100 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 NaOH 
                 50 
                 0.95 
               
               
                 Defoamer 
                 t.q. 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 100 
                 2 
               
               
                 Preservative 
                 100 
                 0.08 
               
               
                 Ethanol 
                 93 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Without opt. brighteners, perfume, dye and enzymes. 
               
               
                 Dosage 4.7 g/L 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Protease Activity Assays 
     The activity of the protease is determined by the release of the chromophore para-nitroaniline from the substrate succinyl alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine-para-nitroanilide (AAPFpNA; Bachem L-1400). The release of the pNA causes an increase in absorbance at 410 nm, the temporal progression of which is a measure of the enzymatic activity. 
     The measurement was carried out at a temperature of 25° C., a pH of 8.6, and a wavelength of 410 nm. The measuring time was 5 min ata measuring interval of 20 to 60 seconds. 
     Measurement Approach:
     10 μL AAPF solution (70 mg/mL)   1000 μL Tris-HCl (0.1 M; pH 8.6 with 0.1% Brij 35)   10 μL diluted protease solution   

     Kinetics created over 5 min at 25° C. (410 nm) 
     Mini Washing Test and Results 
     Washing Test 1: 
     Washing test with Bacillus subtilis culture supernatants containing the screened protease mutants by heterologous expression. The supernatants were used in washing agents in the equivalent activity to the benchmark =starting molecule for this mutagenesis round (mutants 1 and 2 according to SEQ ID Nos. 1 and 2) at a market-standard concentration for proteases. Conditions: 40° C., 16° dH water, 1 h 
     Stains:
     1. CFT CS038   2. CFT PC-10   3. WFK 10N   4. CFT C-03   5. EMPA 112   6. CFT C-05   

     Punched-out pieces of fabric (diameter=10 mm) provided in a microtiter plate, the washing liquor to pre-heated to 40° C., final concentration 4.7 g/L, the liquor and enzyme added to the stain, incubated for 1 h at 40° C. and 600 rpm, then the stain rinsed several times with clear water, left to dry and the brightness determined using a color-measuring device. The brighter the fabric becomes, the better the cleaning performance. The L value =brightness was measured here, the higher the brighter. The sum of the 6 stains is given in % based on the mutant according to SEQ ID NO:13 or the mutant according to SEQ ID NO:2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Catalytic activity (based on cationic 
                   
               
               
                   
                 activity of mutant 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2)) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Variant 
                 40° C. 
                 20° C. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 2 
                 100% 
                 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 3 
                 112% 
                 117% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 4 
                 112% 
                 110% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Both variants exhibit increased washing performance in comparison with the starting variant (mutant 2 according to SEQ ID NO:2). The improvements are clear at 40° C. and 20° C. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Catalytic activity (based on cationic 
                   
               
               
                   
                 activity of mutant 1 (SEQ ID NO: 13)) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Variant 
                 40° C. 
                 20° C. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 1 
                 100% 
                 100% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 5 
                 129% 
                 138% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 6 
                 113% 
                 148% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 7 
                 129% 
                 124% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 8 
                 126% 
                 121% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 9 
                 134% 
                 117% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 10 
                 118% 
                 124% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 11 
                 118% 
                 117% 
               
               
                   
                 Mutant 12 
                 121% 
                 131% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     All variants exhibit increased washing performance in comparison with the starting variant (mutant 1 according to SEQ ID NO:13). The improvements are clear at 40° C. and 20° C. 
     Washing Test 2: 
     Washing test with Bacillus subtilis culture supernatants containing the screened protease mutants by heterologous expression. The supernatants are used in washing agents in the equivalent activity to the benchmark =wild type (according to SEQ ID NO:1) at a market-standard concentration for proteases. The mutants are all based on the washing performance of the wild type, which is set equal to 100% (sum of the 7 stains, corrected by the performance of the washing agent alone). 
     Conditions: 40° C., 16° dH water, 1 h 
     Stains:
     1. CFT CS038   2. CFT PC-10   3. WFK 10N   4. CFT C-03   5. EMPA 112   6. CFT C-05   7. H-MR-B   

     Punched-out pieces of fabric (diameter=10 mm) provided in microtiter plates, the washing liquor to pre-heated to 40° C., final concentration 3.17 g/L, the liquor and enzyme added to the stain, incubated for 1 h at 40° C. and 600 rpm, then the stain rinsed several times with clear water, left to dry and the brightness determined using a color-measuring device. The brighter the fabric becomes, the better the cleaning performance. The L value=brightness was measured here, the higher the brighter. The sum of the 7 stains is given in % based on the wild type according to SEQ ID NO:1 corrected by the performance of the washing agent without protease. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Performance in washing test at 40° C. 
               
               
                 Variant 
                 (based on performance of wild type (SEQ ID NO: 1)) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Wild type 
                 100% 
               
               
                 Mutant 13 
                 103% 
               
               
                 Mutant 15 
                 105% 
               
               
                 Mutant 16 
                 109% 
               
               
                 Mutant 17 
                 110% 
               
               
                 Mutant 18 
                 106.5%     
               
               
                 Mutant 19 
                 106% 
               
               
                 Mutant 20 
                 113% 
               
               
                 Mutant 21 
                 109% 
               
               
                 Mutant 22 
                 107.5%     
               
               
                 Mutant 23 
                 101.5%     
               
               
                 Mutant 24 
                 101.5%     
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     All variants exhibit increased washing performance in comparison with the wild type according to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     The same washing test was performed again at 20° C., using mutant 3 as a reference. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Performance in washing test at 20° C. 
               
               
                 Variant 
                 (based on performance of mutant 3 (SEQ ID NO: 4)) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Mutant 15 
                 100% 
               
               
                 Mutant 25 
                 105% 
               
               
                 Mutant 26 
                 107% 
               
               
                 Mutant 27 
                 107% 
               
               
                 Mutant 28 
                 113% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A further washing test was, as described above, carried out at 40° C. with the stain CFT PC-10, using mutant 15 as a reference. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Performance in washing test at 40° C. 
               
               
                 Variant 
                 (based on performance of mutant 3 (SEQ ID NO: 4)) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Mutant 15 
                 100% 
               
               
                 Mutant 29 
                 117% 
               
               
                 Mutant 30 
                 118% 
               
               
                 Mutant 31 
                 108% 
               
               
                 Mutant 32 
                 108% 
               
               
                 Mutant 33 
                 117% 
               
               
                 Mutant 34 
                 121% 
               
               
                 Mutant 35 
                 116% 
               
               
                 Mutant 36 
                 118% 
               
               
                 Mutant 37 
                 122% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     All variants exhibit increased washing performance in comparison with the variant according to SEQ ID NO:16.