Patent Publication Number: US-2015059411-A1

Title: Method of separating a glass sheet from a carrier

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/871543 filed on Aug. 29, 2013, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The present invention relates to a method of separating a glass substrate from a carrier plate, and more particularly to a method of removing a thin glass sheet from a carrier plate using laser ablation. 
     2. Technical Background 
     Typically, electronic devices produced using glass substrates, such as liquid crystal displays or organic light emitting displays employ glass substrates have employed glass substrates having a thickness in a range from about 0.5 to about 0.7 mm. However, recent advances in glass manufacturing have enabled the production of glass substrates having thicknesses less than about 0.3 mm, and in some cases less than 0.1 mm. The manufacture of glass substrates with such extraordinarily thin profiles may have a significant impact on device design, enabling thinner devices and, in some instances, flexible displays. 
     Notwithstanding the advantages to device design facilitated by very thin glass substrates, the processing of such thin substrates without damaging the substrate can be difficult. Accordingly, methods have been devised to bond the glass substrates to a carrier plate to form an assembly, processing the glass substrate, and then removing the processed glass substrate from the carrier plate. Nevertheless, removing the glass substrate from the carrier plate can still present difficulties. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with the present disclosure, methods for removing a thin glass substrate from a carrier plate without significant damage to the carrier plate are described. The methods include irradiating an unbonded portion of the glass substrate with a laser beam having a pico-second time scale pulse duration and a high repetition rate to ablate glass from the glass substrate and form a channel in the glass substrate. If the channel extends through the entire thickness of the glass substrate, and the channel is formed in a portion of the glass substrate that is not bonded to the carrier plate, at least a portion of the unbonded portion bounded by the channel can be removed from the carrier plate. The width of the channel can be selected to reduce the potential for damage to the removed portion by contacting the newly-freed portion with the portion of the glass substrate that remains bonded to the carrier plate. Because the laser parameters (e.g. pulse rate, power, pulse duration) are selected such that the carrier plate is not substantially damaged by the laser beam, the carrier plate may be re-used if desired after the unbonded portion is removed by subsequent removal of the bonded portion. 
     Accordingly, in one aspect a method of separating a glass sheet from a carrier plate is disclosed comprising: providing an assembly comprising a glass substrate and a carrier plate, the glass substrate having a first surface, a second surface and a thickness therebetween, the glass substrate further comprising an edge portion and a central portion, the second surface of the glass substrate at the edge portion being bonded to the carrier plate and wherein the second surface of the glass substrate at the central portion is not bonded to the carrier plate; irradiating the first surface of the glass substrate along an irradiation path over the unbonded central portion with a pulsed laser beam, the irradiating producing an ablation of the glass substrate along the irradiation path that forms a channel extending through the thickness of the glass substrate that separates the central portion from the edge portion, the channel having a first width at the first surface greater than a second width at the second surface; removing at least a portion of the central portion of the glass substrate from the assembly to produce a glass sheet; and wherein the edge portion of the glass substrate remains bonded to the carrier plate during the removing the at least a portion of the central portion. The laser beam may be moved in a raster pattern during the irradiating, the raster pattern defining a raster envelope. A thickness of the glass substrate the may be equal to or less than 0.7 mm, equal to or less than 0.5 mm, equal to or less than 0.3 mm, equal to or less than 0.1 mm or equal to or less than 0.05 mm The second width of the channel is preferably equal to or greater than 10 μm, such as equal to or greater than 20 μm, equal to or greater than 30 μm, equal to or greater than 50 μm. The width of the channel should be sufficient to provide clearance for removal of the at least a portion of the central portion without incurring contact between the edge portion. In most cases, the second width of the channel can be equal to or less than 100 μm, for example, in a range from about 40 μm to about 80 μm. 
     The laser beam may have, for example, a pulse duration equal to or less than 100 picoseconds, and an intensity distribution of the laser beam perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the laser beam is preferably Gaussian. The carrier plate is not separated by the laser beam during the irradiating. 
     In another aspect, a method of separating a glass sheet from a carrier plate is described comprising: providing an assembly comprising a glass substrate and a carrier plate, the glass substrate having a first surface, a second surface and a thickness therebetween, the glass substrate further comprising an edge portion and a central portion, the second surface of the glass substrate at the edge portion being bonded to the carrier plate and wherein the second surface of the glass substrate at the central portion is not bonded to the carrier plate; irradiating the first surface of the glass substrate with a pulsed laser beam, the laser beam moving along a plurality of parallel scan paths within a raster envelope; producing relative motion between the raster envelope and the glass substrate so that the raster envelope is moved along an irradiation path on the unbonded central portion, the irradiating producing an ablation of the glass substrate along the irradiation path that forms a channel extending through the thickness of the glass substrate and separates at least a portion of the central portion from the edge portion, the channel having a width W 1  at the first surface greater than a width W 2  at the second surface; removing the at least a portion of the unbonded central portion of the glass substrate from the assembly to produce a glass sheet; and wherein the carrier plate is not separated by the laser beam during the irradiating. The plurality of scan paths are preferably parallel with the irradiation path, and the laser beam preferably forms a spot on the first surface of the glass substrate, wherein a full width half max diameter of the spot is equal to or greater than a perpendicular distance between adjacent scan paths. In accordance with the present embodiment, the edge portion of the glass substrate remains bonded to the carrier plate during the removing the at least a portion of the central portion, although the edge portion may be unbonded from the carrier plate after the at least a portion of the unbonded central portion is removed from the assembly. 
     In still another aspect, a method of separating a glass sheet from a carrier plate is disclosed comprising providing an assembly comprising a glass substrate and a carrier plate, the glass substrate having a first surface, a second surface and a thickness therebetween, the glass substrate further comprising an edge portion and a central portion, the second surface of the glass substrate at the edge portion being bonded to the carrier plate and wherein the second surface of the glass substrate at the central portion is not bonded to the carrier plate; irradiating the first surface of the glass substrate with a pulsed laser beam, the laser beam moving along a plurality of parallel scan paths within a raster envelope; producing relative motion between the raster envelope and the glass substrate so that the raster envelope is moved along an irradiation path on the unbonded central portion that is parallel with the plurality of parallel scan paths, the irradiating producing an ablation of the glass substrate along the irradiation path that forms a channel having a width W 1  at the first surface greater than a width W 2  at the second surface and extending through the thickness of the glass substrate; removing the at least a portion of the unbonded central portion of the glass substrate from the assembly; and wherein the carrier plate is not separated by the laser beam during the irradiating. Preferably, the plurality of scan paths are parallel with the irradiation path, and the laser beam forms a spot on the first surface of the glass substrate wherein a full width half max diameter of the spot is equal to or greater than a perpendicular distance between adjacent scan paths. In accordance with embodiment disclosed herein, the edge portion of the glass substrate remains bonded to the carrier plate during the removing the at least a portion of the central portion. 
     Additional features and advantages of the embodiments disclosed herein will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the embodiments claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operations of the disclosed embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded edge view of an assembly comprising a thin glass substrate at least partially bonded to a carrier plate; 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of the assembly of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a separating apparatus for separating at least a portion of an unbonded portion of the glass substrate of  FIGS. 1 and 2  from the carrier plate; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of an exemplary raster patter illustrating a raster envelope that moves along and relative to an irradiation path on the glass substrate; 
         FIG. 5A  is a cross sectional view of the glass substrate of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , seen without the carrier plate, and illustrating the ablation channel formed by irradiation from a pulsed laser beam; 
         FIG. 5B  is a close-up view of the channel of  FIG. 5A ; 
         FIG. 6  is an edge view of the assembly of  FIGS. 1 and 2  during removal of the at least a portion of the unbonded central portion of the glass substrate after irradiation by the laser beam. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. 
     In conventional laser glass cutting processes the separation of glass into individual pieces relies on laser scribing and separation through crack propagation by mechanically or thermally induced stress. Nearly all current laser cutting techniques exhibit one or more shortcomings (1) they are limited in their ability to perform a free form shape cut from thin glass on a carrier plate due to a large heat-affected zone (HAZ) associated with a long (nanosecond scale) laser pulse, (2) they produce a thermal stress that often results in cracking of the surface near the laser irradiated region due to a shock wave and uncontrolled material removal, and/or (3) they can easily damage the carrier plate. 
     A laser cutting process based on thermal crack propagation is applicable for thin glass on a carrier plate. However, this approach can include another shortcoming. When extracting the thin glass substrate from the carrier plate, contact between the edges of the newly formed pieces can damage the thin glass in the form of chipping or micro-cracking if a sufficient gap between the adjacent edges does not exist. Such chipping or micro-cracking can decrease the edge strength of the glass and compromise the integrity of the separated substrate. Moreover, cracking in unwanted directions can occur, thereby potentially destroying the glass substrate. 
     While laser ablation cutting of thin glass exhibits a relatively slow processing speed due to low output power and pulse energy, it can also result in little to no crack formation near the ablation region, the ability to free-form shape the cut and controllable cutting thickness by adjusting a focal length of the laser beam, thereby avoiding damage to the underlying carrier plate surface. It is desirable that edge cracking and residual edge stress are avoided in certain glass substrates, such as glass substrates for electronic devices like flat panel displays, as damage typically originates at the edges of the glass, even when stress is applied to the center because originating flaws in the glass are more likely to occur at the edges. The high peak power of ultrafast pulsed lasers can be used to avoid these problems by employing cold ablation cutting without a measurable heat effect on the glass. Laser cutting using ultrafast pulsed lasers produces essentially no residual stress in the glass resulting in higher edge strength. 
     In the thermal regime, melting and ablation occur after the excited electrons redistribute energy to the glass lattice and the electrons and the lattice remain in equilibrium within the duration of the laser pulse. The time scale for the material to reach a common temperature is determined by the electron-phonon coupling constant. Heat diffusion from the electrons to the lattice (electron-phonon-relaxation-time) is a material property that has a typical value on the order of 1 to 10 picoseconds. Depending on the laser fluence, the resulting temperature of the material may exceed the melting temperature, at which time melting begins at the surface and moves inward within approximately the same timescale. At a higher fluence, e.g. energy densities around 1 J/cm 2  with pico- and femtosecond pulses, the boiling point of the material is exceeded and the gas phase will nucleate homogeneously in the superheated liquid. If the rate of gas bubble formation is high in comparison to the cooling rate of the liquid, material will be explosively ejected from the surface resulting in a phase explosion, i.e., ablation. With pulsed lasers having a pulse duration on the nanosecond time scale, material is removed by thermal ablation where the material is locally heated to near the boiling temperature. 
     However, with ultrafast pulses on the picosecond time scale, the pulse is of sufficiently short duration that very little energy from the laser beam couples into the material as heat. The short period pulse energy goes into exciting electrons, which then causes a small section of the material to ablate, and leaves behind a very limited heat-affected zone (HAZ), typically much less than a micron, i.e., low thermal penetration depth. The material disorders non-thermally before the lattice has equilibrated with the carriers for pulses of sub-picosecond duration, even below the damage threshold. The energy from the laser pulses can be deposited in a localized region through non-linear absorption such as multiple-photon processes, examples of which are multi-photon ionization and avalanche ionization that lead to the formation of a plasma, a quasi-free charge carrier in the material consisting of a mixture of electrons and ions. Therefore, material will be removed in a manner that results in extremely fine control of the location of material removal throughout the laser beam profile. Since the plasma formation rate above a threshold that depends on the material and laser parameters increases, extremely strong, optical breakdown occurs within this parameter range. A high degree of precision during machining by non-linear absorption requires that spatially localized, reproducible, small amounts of energy are introduced into the glass material. This cold ablation avoids unwanted heat transfer almost completely, thus making the ultrafast laser an extremely promising tool, especially for high-precision procedures that require machining accuracy down to a few micro- and nanometer regimes. 
     As embodied herein and depicted in the exploded cross sectional view of  FIG. 1 , an assembly  10  is shown comprising a glass substrate  12  positioned on a carrier plate  14 . Glass substrate  12  comprises a first surface  16  and a second surface  18  generally parallel with first surface  16 . Glass substrate  12  further comprises an edge portion  20  and a central portion  22 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , glass substrate  12  is rectangular in shape and comprises an edge portion  20  that forms a perimeter about central portion  22 . First surface  16  and second surface  18  extend over both the edge portion  20  and the central portion  22 , albeit on opposite sides of glass substrate  12 . Edge portion  20  may, for example, extend inward a distance “r” in a range from about 1 mm to about 20 mm from an outer edge  24  of glass substrate  12 , in a range from about 1 mm to about 10 mm or in a range from about 1 mm to 5 mm. Glass substrate  12  further comprises a thickness δ 1  extending perpendicularly between first and second surfaces  16 ,  18 . The thickness δ 1  of glass substrate  12  maybe, for example, equal to or less than 0.7 mm, equal to or less than 0.5 mm, equal to or less than 0.3 mm, equal to or less than 0.1 mm, or equal to or less than 0.05 mm. In some embodiments, the assembly may comprise additional layers, such as a layer of silicon, a layer of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) or even one or more electronic devices such as light emitting diodes deposited on the first surface of the glass substrate, as represented by layer  23 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 1 , carrier plate  14  comprises a first surface  26  and a second surface  28  generally parallel to first surface  26 . Carrier plate  14  may, for example, be formed of glass, ceramic, glass ceramic, or any other material that may form a rigid and dimensionally stable support for glass substrate  12  capable of being exposed to temperatures up to at least 700° C. without warping or undergoing significant dimensional changes. Alternatively, carrier plate  14  may be formed from the same material as glass substrate  12 , or another material, wherein the glass substrate and the carrier plate have the same or similar coefficient of thermal expansion. Carrier plate  14  further comprises a thickness δ 2  extending between and perpendicular to first and second surfaces  26  and  28 . The thickness of carrier plate  14  should be selected to provide suitable rigidity to the glass substrate so that subsequent processing of the glass substrate, such as the formation of the layer  23 , can be done safely, without damage to the glass substrate, while the glass substrate is bonded to the carrier plate. Accordingly, the thickness of the carrier plate will be dictated by the nature of the subsequent processing and the handling of the assembly, but in example embodiments may be in a range from about 0.5 mm to 2 mm, such as, for example, between 0.7 mm and 1 mm, inclusive. 
     As best seen in the top view of  FIG. 2 , glass substrate  12  is bonded to carrier plate  14  over edge portion  20  of glass substrate  12 , thus forming assembly  10 . That is, second surface  18  of glass substrate  12  at edge portion  20  is bonded to first surface  26  of carrier plate  14 , leaving the second surface  18  over central portion  22  unbonded to the carrier plate. For example, in the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 2 , glass substrate  12  is rectangular in shape, and edge portion  20  defines a generally rectangular perimeter region extending about central portion  22 . Accordingly, the unbonded central portion  22  is bounded by bonded edge portion  20 . The bonding may be accomplished, for example, with an organic adhesive (e.g. a polyamide) or by an inorganic material (e.g. glass frit). If re-use of the carrier plate is desired, an organic adhesive can be used to removably bond the glass substrate to the carrier plate. For example, in some embodiments the bonded portion of the substrate can be released from the carrier plate by irradiating the adhesive with a laser beam. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , assembly  10  is shown in conjunction with a separating apparatus  30  comprising a laser beam source  32  configured to provide a pulsed laser beam  34 , a laser beam steering apparatus  36  and a support device  38  for supporting assembly  10  and developing relative motion between laser beam  34  and glass substrate  12 . 
     Laser beam source  32  is configured to provide a pulsed laser beam at a pulse repetition rate equal to or greater than 100,000 (100 k) pulses per second, equal to or greater than 200 k pulses per second or equal to or greater than 300 k pulses per second. The pulse duration may be in a range from about 10 picoseconds to about 15 picoseconds. An optical energy of the laser beam can be equal to or greater than 40 microjoules (μJ), equal to or greater than 45 μJ or equal to or greater than 50 μJ, depending on the pulse rate. The laser beam may have a Gaussian intensity distribution in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the beam. A suitable laser source may be, for example, a Super Rapid picosecond laser manufactured by Coherent®. It should be noted, however, that since the ablation described herein relies on non-linear absorption characteristics of the glass, the operating wavelength of the laser may vary according to the glass substrate composition, and may not correlate to a high degree of absorption in the glass of the glass substrate at the operating wavelength. In some embodiments, the laser wavelength can be in a range from about 355 nm to about 1064 nm, such as, for example, 532 nm. It has been shown that in some instances a shorter wavelength laser, e.g. 355 nm, can result in improved edge strength of the cut glass substrate than a longer wavelength, e.g. 1064 nm. 
     Laser beam steering apparatus  36  comprises a first steering mirror  40  configured to direct laser beam  34  received from laser beam source  32  to first surface  16  of glass substrate  12 , and a lens  42  that can be used to focus the laser beam onto glass substrate  12 . Lens  42  may be, for example, a flat field lens (e.g. F-theta lens). Alternatively, laser beam steering apparatus  36  may further comprise a second steering mirror  44 , wherein first sterring mirror  40  is configured to direct laser beam  34  to second steering mirror nd second steering mirror  44  is configured to direct laser beam  34  received from first steering mirror  40  to first surface  16  of glass substrate  12 . First and second steering mirrors  40  and  44  may be driven by galvanometers  46  and  48 , respectively, and used separately or in conjunction with each other to produce raster scanning (“rastering”) of laser beam  34  incident on first surface  16  of glass substrate  12 . Referring to  FIG. 4 , in raster scanning, the laser beam sweeps horizontally left-to-right along a scan path, turns off and then rapidly moves back to the left, where it turns back on and sweeps out the next scan path, displaced from the preceding scan line. Accordingly, rastering of laser beam  34  can result in a saw-tooth pattern, wherein raster scan path  50   a  depicts the path of the laser beam during an “on” period over which active ablation of the glass substrate occurs, and may extend for a length L, for example, between 1 mm and 10 mm. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the terms “on” and “off” in connection with the laser/laser beam are distinguished from the pulse intervals, and are best understood in the context of ablation, wherein “on” signifies a pulse laser beam that ablates material from the glass substrate, and “off” denotes a period wherein no ablation occurs. Laser beam steering apparatus  36  controls first and second steering mirrors  40  and  44 , through their respective galvanometers, to sweep the laser beam through a plurality of adjacent, parallel scan paths  50   a.  On the other hand, raster scan path  50   b  depicts an “off” path the laser beam would illuminate if in the “on” state, wherein the beam steering device is configured to return the beam from the end position on one “on” raster scan  50   a  to a start position on an adjacent “on” scan path  50   a.  However, in some embodiments, the laser may be in an “on” state over the raster scan path  50   b  such that active ablation occurs over both scan paths  50   a  and  50   b  that comprise the raster pattern. As seen from  FIG. 4 , the plurality of scan paths  50   a  extend over a width W. The width W may be in a range from about 0.05 mm to about 0.2 mm, but could be larger or smaller depending on the desired width of the ablation area and hence the cut. As used hereinafter, the rectangular box represented by length L and width W will be referred to as raster envelope  52 . It should be noted that other raster envelope lengths and widths may be selected as necessary to achieve the desired amount of material removal. Moreover, the preceding description of a saw-tooth shaped raster pattern should not be viewed as limiting, since other rastering patterns may be used. For example, the raster pattern could be a square-wave shape. A suitable scanning speed may be, for example, in a range from about 40 cm/second to about 80 cm/second, for example 60 cm/second. 
     Support device  38  is configured to support assembly  10  and to move assembly  10  in any one, two or three orthogonal directions. Support device  38  comprises a vacuum platen  54  in fluid communication with vacuum pump  56  through vacuum line  58  and may, for example, include an x-y translational stage  60 . Support device  38  may be further configured to translate in a z-direction, so as to accommodate different thicknesses of the assembly  10  (e.g. various thicknesses δ 1 ) and facilitate focus of the laser beam on the glass substrate, for example. Separating apparatus  30  may further include a vacuum nozzle  62  in fluid communication with a second vacuum pump  64  wherein glass material ablated from glass substrate  12  by laser beam  34  is captured by the nozzle and removed from the region of glass substrate  12 . Support device  38  is preferably configured to provide relative motion between raster envelope  52  and glass substrate  12  along irradiation path  66  in a range from about 5 mm/second to about 7 mm/second. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , laser source  32  produces laser beam  34 , which is modified by beam steering apparatus  36  to impinge on first surface  16  of glass substrate  12  along laser beam irradiation path  66 . Translating assembly  10  produces relative motion between assembly  10  and laser beam  34  such that raster envelope  52  is moved along irradiation path  66 . As raster envelope  52  is moved along irradiation path  66 , material is ablated from glass substrate  12 , producing channel  68  in the glass substrate, as shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  depict a cross sectional side view of glass substrate  12  after irradiation by laser beam  34 , wherein the irradiation of glass substrate  12  by laser beam  34  produces through ablation channel  68  that extends through thickness  81  of glass substrate  12 . Thickness δ 1  may be, for example, equal to or less than 0.5 mm, equal to or less than 0.3 mm, equal to or less than 0.1 mm, or equal to or less than 0.05 mm. Glass substrate  12  is shown separately so as not to obscure features of the figure. It should be readily apparent from  FIGS. 5A and 5B  that a first width W 1  of channel  68  at first surface  16  of glass substrate  12  is greater than second width W 2  at second surface  18 . Accordingly the walls of channel  68  are positioned at an angle α relative to a normal  69  to the surfaces of glass substrate  12 . This can be seen more clearly from  FIG. 5B  showing a close-up view of channel  68 . Angle α may be, for example, in a range from about 10 degrees to about 14 degrees. Preferably, W 2  is between 8 μm and 12 μm. Knowing the desired W 2  that will be effective to reduce the potential for contact between the newly-formed ablated edges, W 1  may then be easily calculated. For example, selecting a value for W 2  of 10 μm, wherein a nominal value for angle α relative to surface normal  69  (normal to first surface  16 ) is  12  degrees, the resultant width W 1 =2*δ 1  Tan(α)+W 2 =52.5 μm. The overall width of channel  68  (i.e. widths W 1  and W 2 ) can be varied, for example, by selecting an appropriate raster envelope width W and/or by varying the spot size of laser beam  34  on glass substrate  12 . 
     Preferably, a spot size of the laser beam, defined herein as the full width half max (FWHM) diameter of the spot on glass substrate  12  irradiated by laser beam  34 , should be smaller than the width of channel  68 , but larger than the distance between adjacent parallel scans  50   a  of the laser beam within the raster envelope while the laser is in an “on” state so that successive passes of the irradiating laser spot overlap. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , glass substrate  12  is bonded to carrier plate  14  only along the edge portions  20  of the glass substrate, leaving the central portion  22  not bonded to carrier plate  14 . Vacuum pump  56  is used to draw a vacuum within vacuum platen  54  which couples assembly  10  to the vacuum platen. First steering mirror  40 , and, if present, second steering mirror  44 , can be used to steer laser beam  34  over first surface  16  of glass substrate  12  in a predetermined raster pattern (e.g. raster paths  50   a  and  50   b ) that forms a raster envelope  52 . Laser beam irradiation path  66  is preferably inward of the bonded edge portion  20 , relative to edge  24 , and sufficiently inward of bonded edge portion  20  that channel  68  is entirely within the unbonded portion of glass substrate  12 . Stage  60  can be used to produce relative motion between the raster envelope  52  of laser beam  34  and glass substrate  12  such that raster envelope  52  traverses beam irradiation path  66 . As laser beam  34  impinges on and irradiates first surface  16  along laser beam irradiation path  66 , the short-duration pulses ablate the glass substrate along laser beam irradiation path  66 , creating channel  68 , wherein a first width W 1  of channel  68  at first surface  16  is greater than a second width W 2  of channel  68  at second surface  18 . Channel  68  may be, for example, a closed channel insofar as laser beam irradiation path  66  is a closed path, where a beginning point of the path intersects with an end point for the path. Accordingly, channel  68  can be a closed channel that completely separates at least a portion  70  of central portion  22  from edge portion  20 . Once channel  68  has been formed, that portion  70  of central portion  22  that has been separated from edge portion  20  may be removed by lifting the separated portion from the assembly. Separated portion  70  may be lifted by lifting apparatus  72  comprising one or more suction devices  74  (e.g. suction cups) that engage with and hold separated portion  70 . The angled walls of channel  68  reduce the risk of contact between the separated portion  70  and the remaining portion of glass substrate  12  still affixed to carrier plate  14  during the removal process. 
     It should be apparent from the preceding description that although presented in the context of a rectangular irradiation path, the irradiation path could be other shapes, such as circular, oval, elliptical or even free-form. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of these embodiments provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.