Patent Publication Number: US-10330823-B2

Title: Borehole testing device

Description:
This application claims priority in Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/205,335, filed on Aug. 14, 2015. In addition, this application is a Continuation-in-Part application of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/560,879 that was filed on Dec. 4, 2014, which is now abandoned, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/912,206 that was filed on Dec. 5, 2013. All of these prior filings are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     The invention of this application relates to a measuring device that can be deployed in a borehole or any deep excavation or opening to inspect the borehole and/or excavation, in particular, to inspect the bottom and/or side walls of the excavation and provide fast and reliable information about the quality, shape and/or verticality of the borehole and/or excavation. 
     INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
     McVay et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,502 discloses a wireless apparatus and method for analysis of piles which is incorporated by reference herein for showing the same. In addition, Mullins et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 6,783,273 discloses a method for testing integrity of concrete shafts which is also incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. Piscsalko et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,551 discloses a remote pile driving analyzer and is incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. Likins Jr. et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 5,978,749 discloses a pile installation recording system and is incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. Piscsalko et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 8,382,369 discloses a pile sensing device and method of using the same and is incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. Dalton et al.—Publ. No. 2012/0203462 discloses a pile installation and monitoring system and method of using the same and is incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. 
     Ding—U.S. Pat. No. 8,151,658 discloses an inspection device for the inspection of an interior bottom of a borehole which is incorporated by reference herein for showing the same. Tawfiq et al. U.S. Pat. No. 7,187,784 discloses a borescope for drilled shaft inspection and is incorporated by reference herein for showing the same. In addition, Tawfiq et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,169,477 discloses a digital video borescope for drilled shaft inspection and is incorporated by reference herein for showing the same. Hayes U.S. Pat. No. 7,495,995 discloses a method and apparatus for investigating a borehole with a caliper and is incorporated by reference herein for showing the same. 
     Glenning et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,874 discloses radio frequency communications for underwater devices and is incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. An et al.—U.S. Pat. No. 7,872,947 discloses a system and method for underwater wireless communication for underwater devices and is also incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. Mccoy—U.S. Publication No. 20060194537 discloses radio frequency communications for underwater devices and is incorporated by reference in this application for showing the same. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Applicant has found that the invention of this application works particularly well with the drilling and inspection of drilled pile shafts or boreholes wherein the reference “borehole” is being used throughout this application. However, this application is not to be limited to drilled pile shafts or boreholes wherein reference to piles and/or boreholes in this application is not to limit the scope of this application. In this respect, the invention of this application can be used in connection with any deep excavation wherein the quality, shape, radius and/or verticality need to be determined and/or measured. Yet further, the invention of this application can also be used for measuring other openings such as slurry walls or any other extended openings. Similarly, “piles” can equally refer to drilled shafts or other deep foundation elements. Thus, boreholes can equally refer to any opening in a layer, such as a ground layer and any other excavation, such as a slurry wall. Application to shallow foundations and/or openings is also useful. 
     Sensing apparatuses have been used in the building and construction industry for a number of years. These sensing apparatuses include a wide range of devices used for a wide range of reasons in the field. These devices include sensing devices that are used in connection with the installation and use of supporting elements such as piles that are used to support the weight of superstructures such as, but not limited to, supporting the weight of buildings and bridges. As can be appreciated, it is important to both ensure that a supporting foundation element, such as a pile, has been properly formed and installed and that structurally it is in proper condition throughout its use in the field. It must also have sufficient geotechnical bearing capacity to support the applied load without excessive settlement. 
     With respect to the installation of piles, it is important that these structures be properly constructed so that the pile can support the weight of a building or superstructure. Thus, over the years, systems have been designed to work in connection with the installation of a pile to ensure that the pile meets the building requirements for the structure. These include sensing devices that work in connection with the driving of a pile as is shown in Piscsalko et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,551. Again, the Piscsalko patent is incorporated by reference herein as background material relating to the sensing and driving of structural piles. These devices help the workers driving these piles to determine that the pile has been properly driven within the soil without over stressing the pile during the driving process, and assure the supervising engineer that the pile meets all design requirements including adequate geotechnical bearing capacity. 
     Similarly, devices are known which are used to monitor the pile after it is driven. This includes the Piscsalko patents which include devices that can be used to monitor the pile even after the driving process. Further, Mcvay, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,502 also discloses a device used to monitor a pile during or after the driving process is completed. The information produced by the systems can be used to determine the current state of the pile, including the geotechnical bearing capacity, and for determining a defect and/or damage, such as structural damage, that may or may not have incurred in response to any one of a number of events including natural disasters. 
     In addition, it is known in the art that devices can be used to help determine the structural integrity of a poured pile wherein the pouring of the pile and the quality of this pouring can determine the structural integrity of the pile once a poured material, like concrete, has cured. Mullins, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,783,273 attempts to measure this integrity of a poured pile by disclosing a system and method for testing the integrity of concrete shafts by moving a single thermal sensor arrangement up and down in a logging tube during the curing cycle of the concrete in the poured pile. Piscsalko U.S. Pat. No. 8,382,369 discloses an alternative to the Mullins device and discloses a thermal pile sensing device that includes one or more sensor strings, each with multiple thermal sensors, that are capable of monitoring the entire pile generally simultaneously and over a period of time and can create two or three dimensional images, in real time, based on the curing of the poured material to assess structural integrity and/or other structural characteristics. 
     However, while the prior art disclosed above can effectively measure the integrity of the pile and certain aspects of the borehole during or after the pouring of the pile, the bearing capacity of the pile is also and more usually dependent on the condition of the soil around the length of the shaft and below the bottom borehole before the pile is poured. The bearing capacity at the bottom of the borehole relates to the condition of the soil at the bottom of the borehole wherein loose soil has less bearing capacity than soils that are undisturbed or dense. Loose soil also contributes to undesirable increased settlement of the supported structure. Thus, it is best to reduce the amount of loose soil at the bottom of the borehole. In view of the difficulties associated with viewing the bottom of a borehole that can be many meters below the ground surface, and frequently in an opaque slurry condition consisting of suspended clay particles mixed in water, or possibly a liquid polymer mixture, it is common practice to employ a so-called “clean-out bucket” to reduce the amount of unsuitable bearing material, such as loose soil, at the shaft bottom. This procedure requires replacing the drilling equipment with the clean-out bucket, which is then lowered into the borehole. The success of the bottom cleaning is, however, not assured and several passes or cycles of this effort may be needed. The uncertainty can lead to unnecessary effort and, therefore, cost. Throughout the remaining specification of this application, the terminology “debris layer” and/or “debris” will be used to generally define the unsuitable bearing material above the bearing layer. The unsuitable bearing material includes, but is not limited to, loose soil, loose material, soft material and/or general debris. The debris together forms the debris layer. The same is true with the condition of the borehole wall wherein the condition and shape of the borehole wall is also a factor in the bearing capacity of the poured pile. 
     Therefore, there is still a need for a system to inspect the surfaces of a borehole before a pile is poured that reduces the complexity and cost of the system without adversely increasing labor costs by requiring highly skilled operators at the jobsite for long periods of time and working near the borehole. Yet further, there is a need for a system that makes it less costly to inspect the borehole bottom and/or sides and reduces the need for, or time required by, the secondary excavating system to clean up the debris on the bottom of the borehole. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention of this application relates to a borehole and/or deep excavation inspection device; and more particularly, to a borehole and/or deep excavation inspection device and system. 
     Even more particularly, the invention of this application relates to a borehole inspection device or system that has a configuration that allows it to be operated “wirelessly” as is defined by the application, but this is not required. Yet further, it can quickly and accurately measure the condition of the borehole including, but not limited to, accurately measure and/or determine the configuration of the bottom and/or side wall(s) of the opening or excavation to provide fast and reliable information about the quality, shape, radius and/or verticality of the borehole and/or excavation. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, provided is a system that includes a scanner or sensor arrangement that can be directed within the borehole, excavation or shaft hole to scan, sense and/or detect the surfaces of the bottom and/or sides of the borehole to determine one or more characteristics of the opening. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, provided is a system that includes a sensor arrangement that can be essentially a self contained sensor arrangement that can be directed within the borehole or opening. In that the sensor arrangement can be self contained, the device can be a “wireless” device wherein the self contained device is directed into the borehole. 
     In one set of embodiments, the sensor arrangement can communicate wirelessly with an operator and/or system outside of the borehole and/or off site. As will be discussed throughout this application, a “wireless” system can be any system that allows the downhole portion of the device to be used without being hard wired to an external system not lowered in the borehole. This can include, but is not limited to, a) use of a wireless operating and/or communication arrangement that allows the downhole portion of the system to be operated independent of and/or communicate with external system(s) without communication wires and b) includes a data management system that allow the downhole portion of the system to be self contained and communicate data after a data measurement cycle is completed and, the downhole portion is removed from the borehole and/or after the downhole portion returns to the surface of the borehole. The preferred versions of these arrangements will be discussed more below and these preferred versions are intended to be examples only and are not intended to limit this application. 
     In another set of embodiments, the sensor arrangement can retain data and then communicate that data on demand. This can include, but is not limited to, communicating the data after the system has cycled through the borehole and the sensor arrangement is at least partially removed from the borehole. While not preferred, a wired communication system could be utilized for this communication of data. 
     According to yet another aspect of the present invention, provided is a system that includes a sensor arrangement that is mountable to a Kelly Bar, the main line or cable used in the excavation and/or boring, and/or any other lowering device known in the industry that is used to dig, excavate, bore and/or clean out the borehole and/or excavation. By using wireless technology and/or a self contained design, the system can be deployed more quickly than prior systems. Yet further, any wireless technology and/or data management systems could be used with the device of this application. 
     According to even yet another aspect of the present invention, provided is a system that can include a self contained sensor arrangement, which is configured for inspecting a borehole. Further, the system includes a sensor arrangement that eliminates the need to rotate the device in the borehole, which is necessary in the prior art. As can be appreciated, this can further simplify the system. Further, it can improve accuracies and response times compared to existing systems. 
     According to further aspects of the present invention, provided is a system for inspecting a borehole that includes a sensor arrangement having circumferentially spaced sensors and/or testing devices that are circumferentially spaced about a device or head axis and extend radially outwardly from the device or head axis. This has been found to further reduce the need to rotate the device by allowing the sensor arrangement to simultaneously test at least a large portion of the borehole wall(s) around the entire sensor device. Further, this can include multiple sets of sensors that are staggered relative to one another to allow for a greater portion of the borehole wall(s) to be scanned simultaneously. In one set of embodiments, the multiple sets could be axially spaced from one another along the head axis. 
     According to yet other aspects of the present invention, provided is a system for inspecting a borehole that includes a sensor arrangement that includes multiple sets of sensors that are configured for different conditions found within the borehole. In this respect, one set of sensors (that includes one or more first sensors) could be configured for dry environments while one or more other sets of sensors (that includes one or more second sensors, etc.) could be configured for wet or slurry environments. 
     According to other aspects of the present invention, provided is a system for inspecting a borehole that includes a sensor arrangement that includes sensors, receivers and/or reference members at known spacings that can be used to measure changes in the slurry density and/or wave speeds as the device is lowered into the borehole. 
     According to yet even other aspects of the present invention, provided is a system for inspecting a borehole that includes a depth measurement system and/or depth control system. The depth measurement system and/or depth control system can include multiple pressure sensors. In a preferred arrangement, this system includes at least two pressure sensors that are at known spacings to one another and axial spaced from one another by a known spacing. The depth measurement system can include one or more accelerometers, one or more altimeters, timers, clocks, rotary encoders, or any other depth measuring systems known to calculate and/or measure depth of the sensor arrangement. As with other aspects of the system and/or arrangement, the calculated/measured depth can be stored and/or selectively communicated to other parts of the system. 
     According to further aspects of the present invention, the system can include one or more accelerometers and/or one or more altimeters to determine the verticality of the system within the borehole. Further, the verticality measurements of the scanner system can be used to complement scanner system measurements. Yet further, the system can further include a rotary encoder fixed relative to a Kelly Bar (or other lowering device) that can measure depth either independently and/or in combination with other devices including, but not limited to, pressure sensors(s), accelerometers, timers, clocks and/or altimeters. When used in combination, the rotary encoder can be synced with the pressure sensor(s), accelerometers, timer, clocks and/or altimeters to further improve accuracies in depth measurement. 
     According to even yet other aspects of the present invention, the depth of the system within the borehole can be calculated, at least in part, using two or more pressure sensors having known vertical spacings wherein the pressure sensors can work together to detect depth. The depth is detected based on the changes in the slurry density and this can be used to determine the depth of the sensor arrangement. 
     According to yet further aspects of the present invention, the use of rotary encoder, pressure sensors, accelerometers, timers, clocks and/or altimeters, in combination with other aspects of the invention and/or wireless technology eliminates the need for wires and/or lines connecting the lowered device to surface systems and/or operator(s) monitoring the borehole inspection on site or off site during data collection. 
     According to other aspects of the present invention, a timing system can be included to synchronize one or more components of the sensor system thereby allowing the system to be “wireless.” In this respect, the system can include a lower arrangement that is configured to lower the sensor arrangement into the borehole. The lower arrangement can include a lowering timer and the sensor arrangement can include a sensor timer. The lowering timer and the sensor timer can be synchronized. Moreover, sensor data can be measured as a function of time and depth can be measured as a function of time wherein the sensor data and the depth data can then be synchronized with respect to time to determine the depth of the sensor data. This data can then be communicated by wire and/or wirelessly during and/or after the test to allow wireless operation during the data collection phase. 
     According to even yet further aspects of the present invention, the use of rotary encoders, accelerometers, timers, clocks and/or altimeters in combination with wireless technology better allows for semi-automation and/or full automation of the inspection process. Yet further, multiple boreholes could be inspected simultaneously with a device and system of this application by a single operator and/or single operating system. 
     According to another aspect of the invention of this application, the devices of this application can also work in combination with other systems for borehole inspection. This can include, but is not limited to devices used to measure the bearing capacity of the soils underneath the shaft bottom and/or the bearing capacity the side walls of the shaft opening. 
     More particularly, in one set of embodiments, the system can work in combination with devices configured to measure soil resistance by utilizing a reaction load and this reaction load can be a substantial reaction load produced by the weight of the already present and massive drilling equipment. 
     According to yet another aspect of the invention of this application, the system can work in combination with devices that can measure a reaction load to both determine the depth of the debris layer on the surface of the bottom of the borehole bottom and measure the load capacity of the bearing layer of the borehole below the debris layer. 
     According to a further aspect of the invention of this application, the system can work in combination with devices that can measure the bearing capacities of the side wall and thus potentially save more money by justifiably reducing the safety margin as the bearing capacity is better known). 
     According to a further aspect of the invention of this application, the system can include multiple sensors and these multiple sensors can detect and test more than one characteristic of the borehole. As noted above, the use of multiple sensors can also prevent the need for the rotation of the device. 
     According to another aspect of the invention of this application, the system can be configured to quickly connect to the drilling equipment wherein separate and independent lowering systems are not required thereby eliminating the need for setting up cumbersome additional equipment and reducing to a minimum any time delays between the end of the drilling process and the beginning of concrete casting. 
     According to yet another aspect of the invention of this application, the system can work in combination with devices that include both force and displacement sensors thereby measuring both the amount of debris and/or the bearing capacity of the bearing layer of the borehole bottom and/or sides. 
     According to yet other aspects of the present invention, the system can include the sensing on the head unit that is lowered into the borehole and a surface system (on site or off site) that can be in communication with the head unit and that can display real time data viewable by the operator of the device, personnel on site and/or personnel off site thereby preventing the system from being removed from the borehole for each location tested on the borehole bottom, thus improving efficiency and reducing the time required for testing. 
     These and other objects, aspects, features, advantages and developments of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the Detailed Description of the invention set forth below taken together with the drawings which will be described in the next section. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangement of parts, a preferred embodiment of which will be described in detail and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a side elevational view a borehole inspection device according to certain aspects of the present invention that is positioned within a bore and/or excavation hole; 
         FIG. 2  is a side elevational view the borehole inspection device shown in  FIG. 1  descending within a slurry; 
         FIG. 3  is a side elevational view yet another borehole inspection device according to certain other aspects of the present invention that is positioned within a bore and/or excavation hole; 
         FIG. 4  is a side elevational view yet another borehole that includes a non-vertical section; 
         FIG. 5  is an enlarged schematic view of a sensor array in a first orientation; 
         FIG. 6  is an enlarged schematic view of the sensor array shown in  FIG. 5  in a second orientation; 
         FIG. 7  is an enlarged schematic view of another sensor array; 
         FIG. 8  is an enlarged schematic view of yet another sensor array; 
         FIG. 9  is a side elevation view of another embodiment of the borehole inspection device of this application with dual pressure sensors; and, 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic representation of a measurement system for a part of the system. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating preferred and alternative embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, shown is a borehole inspection device or system  10  that includes one or more components that are mountable, fixed relative to and/or mounted to a lowering device KB, such as a Kelly Bar or a lowering cable. In this respect, while the invention of this application is being described in connection with a Kelly Bar, the inspection device can connected to any equipment or system used to excavate, bore, lower and/or inspect the opening including, but not limited to, being mountable to a Kelly Bar, a main cable line, main chain line, excavation and/or boring equipment, and/or any other lowering device known in the industry that is used to dig, excavate, bore, lower and/or clean out the borehole and/or excavation. Therefore, while the invention is being described for use in connection with a Kelly Bar, it is not to be limited to a Kelly Bar. The Kelly Bar or other lowering device KB can include a mounting arrangement MA that allows a mount  20  to secure some or all of the device or system  10  relative to lowering device KB. The mount can be sized to slide over the end of the Kelly Bar and can include a locking feature, such as a pin  22 , to secure the device to the bar, which will be discussed in greater detail below. However, any attachment configuration could be used without detracting from the invention of this application. 
     In greater detail, borehole inspection device or system  10  includes a downhole testing head unit or head assembly, unit or arrangement  30  that can be lowered into a borehole BH wherein the borehole has one or more sidewalls SW extending between a top opening O in a ground layer G and a bottom extent BE. Bottom extent BE defines the borehole bottom. System  10  can further include one or more surface control and/or display unit(s)  40  that can be in direct communication with head unit  30 , but this is not required, which will be discussed more below. 
     Head unit  30  can be any configuration without detracting from the invention of this application. As is shown, Head unit  30  includes a top  31  and an opposite bottom  32 . Head unit  30  further includes one or more side  33  that extend radially outwardly from a head unit axis  34 . Head unit  30  further includes an outer layer or shell  35  and one or more watertight internal regions  36 , which will be discussed more below. As will be discussed more below, head unit  30  can be positioned within the borehole such that head unit axis  34  is plumb wherein system  10  can further detect the verticality of the borehole to determine whether the borehole is plumb within the ground surface along its length. 
     In one set of embodiments, head unit  30  is in direct communication with surface unit(s)  40  by way of one or more wireless communication systems  48 . This direct connection can be in real time and/or intermittent as is desired and/or required. In these embodiments, wireless communication systems  48  is a wireless communication system that includes a first wireless antenna (internal and/or external)  50  connected to head unit  30  and a second wireless antenna (internal and/or external)  52  connected to surface control unit  40 . These antennas can utilize any technology known in the art and are preferably transceivers that both send and receive data. Further, the antenna technology can depend on the whether the Borehole is filled with air or liquid L (such as a slurry). In one set of embodiments, control unit  40  can include an antenna  52   a  that is at least partially submerged in liquid L that is within the borehole. Yet further, the wireless technology can also utilize the central opening in the Kelly Bar to transmit data in boreholes that are filled with liquid L to allow for transmission through air instead of the borehole liquids. As can be appreciated, transmission through slurries eliminates many wireless technologies wherein use of the internal cavity of the Kelly Bar could allow for their use, such as use of optical wireless technologies. Wireless communication system  48  allows head unit or assembly  30  to communicate with surface control unit  40  during a data collection phase and/or a data transmission phase without the need for wires thereby further simplifying the setup of system  10  simplifying the operation of the system, but this is not required. As can be appreciated, wired communication during data collection can involve long lengths of communication wires or lines that must be managed at the jobsite. Further, wires on the jobsite can be damaged, which can create downtime. Yet further surface control and/or display unit(s)  40  can be an on-site unit that is located at or near the bore hole, at any location onsite, or can be an off-site unit located at a remote location wherein the borehole work for one or more boreholes is done by engineers that are offsite. Yet further, the system can further include a separate offsite control and/or display unit(s)  41  that works with on site surface control and/or display unit(s)  40  or directly with head unit  30 . Any system of communication known in the art can be used to communicate to, or from, the off-site location. 
     Head unit  30  can further include a self contained power supply  56  to provide electrical power to operate an internal measurement system  58  of the head unit, which will be discussed in greater detail below. Power supply  56  can be any power supply known in the art including re-chargeable power systems. Yet further, power supply  56  can include the use of interchangeable and/or rechargeable battery packs that allow for a longer operational life of the battery system. In that rechargeable battery systems are generally known, these will not be discussed in greater detail in the interest of brevity. 
     Surface units  40  and/or  41  can be any control unit configured to operate a system and/or collect data including, but not limited to, a computer system, a laptop, a tablet, a smart phone, a hand held system, a wrist mounted system and/or the like. In that these types of systems are known in the art, details are not included in this application in the interest of brevity. 
     In different embodiments of this application, differing portions of system can be within downhole head unit  30  without detracting from the invention of this application. The same is true concerning units  40  and/or  41 . In this respect, some or all of the operating system for system  10  could be an integral part of internal measurement system  58  of head unit  30  wherein unit  40  could have more of a display, data transmission and/or data storage function. In other embodiments, surface unit  40  is a display and control unit wherein head unit  30  operates based on instructions received from surface unit  40 . Accordingly, the operating system could be in either device and/or both devices. In any arrangement, the overall device could include one or more preprogrammed operation modes configured to automatically perform one or more desired testing routines and/or guide the system within the borehole. This can include the one or more operational steps for unit  30  during the data collection phase. Further, this preprogramed operation could include guiding the system based on input from one or more of the sensors that will be discussed more below. The wireless communication system can be any wireless system known in the art including, but not limited to high frequency ultrasonic technology. Further, the wireless technology can operate on different frequencies based on the material that it is communicating through. This can include, for example, operation at in the range of about 0.5 to 2 MHz in wet or slurry conditions and in the range of about 10 to 100 KHz in dry conditions. In one set of embodiments, operation is at about 1 MHz in wet or slurry conditions and about 20 to 60 KHz in dry conditions; preferably around 40 KHz. Yet further, the wireless communication system can include one or more liquid sensors  54  to determine whether head unit is in a wet or dry condition, which can be used to automatically or manually switch the system to and from wet or dry modes. Liquid sensor  54  can be a part of internal measurement system  58 . In one set of embodiments, sensor  54  could include an ultrasonic sensor and/or use one of the ultrasonic sensors discussed in greater detail below. 
     Downhole head unit  30  can operate in differing levels of independence without detracting from the invention. In this respect, head unit  30  can operate independently of units  40  and/or  41  when it is in the data collection phase of the testing, but operate with units  40  and/or  41  when in the data transmission phase. In this application, the data collection phase is when head unit  30  is within borehole BH and is testing the borehole. The data collection phase can include a lowering phase wherein head unit  30  is being lowered in the borehole from borehole opening O toward bottom extent BE and/or a raising phase wherein the head unit is being raised in borehole BH from bottom extent BE toward opening O and any subsets thereof. Test data can be taken in either or both of these phases. 
     In one set of embodiments, data is obtained based on sensor readings that are taken in the lowering phase from a sensor arrangement  59  that includes sensors  70 , which will be discussed more below. Then, after head unit reaches a lower stop point LSP, which can be a set point at or above bottom extent BE, head unit  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  can be rotated about a system axis  34 . Once the rotation is completed, data can be taken during the raising phase without rotation. With reference to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , shown are two orientations of the sensor arrangement  59  of head  30 , which will be discussed more below. In this embodiment, the sensor arrangement includes eight sensors  70   h  in 45 degree circumferential increments that can be in a first orientation ( FIG. 5 ) during the lowering phase, and then rotated by 22.5 degrees after head unit  30  reaches lower stop point LSP. Then, during the raising phase, head unit  30  can take data readings in a second orientation ( FIG. 6 ). This doubles the measured angular resolution of a single vertical scan. For the head units that include four horizontal sensors  70   h  ( FIGS. 1 &amp; 10 ), the head unit  30  could be rotated 45 degrees. Yet further, the data collection phase could include multiple lowering and raising phases (“multiple measuring cycles”) with a smaller degree of rotation to produce a higher degree of angular resolution for the overall test data. 
     Wireless communication and/or operation relating to the independent operation of downhole head unit  30  can be, and is defined as, any form of communication that does not require a direct wired connection between units  40  and/or  41  and head unit  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  during the data collection phase. In this respect, system  10  includes measurement system  58  that allows the operation of head unit  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  without a wired connection. This can include, but is not limited to, wireless communication system  48  between downhole head unit  30  and units  40  and/or  41  during the data collection phase, This wireless communication between downhole head unit  30  and units  40  and/or  41  during the data collection phase can be limited to data transmission from downhole head unit  30  only. In another set of embodiments, wireless operation can include head unit  30  that operates independent of units  40  and/or  41  during some or all of the data collection phase and communicates with units  40  and/or  41  during the data transmission phase that can be independent of the data collection phase. In this respect, the data transmission phase of downhole head unit  30  can be limited to after the completion of the data collection phase and this transmission can be by either wired and/or wireless transmission without changing the designation of the system as being a “wireless” communication and/or operating system. This includes wired and/or wireless transmission from the downhole head  30  unit after head  30  is at or near the top of the borehole and/or has been removed from the borehole. But, operations of head  30  while in the borehole during the data collection phase are without wired communication wherein operations are “wireless.” 
     Yet even further, if head unit  30  is a self-contained unit as is defined by this application, unit  30  can operate at least partially independently wherein head unit  30  could even eliminate the need for onsite computing system and/or merely need onsite computing systems to be a conduit to one or more offsite systems. For example, head unit  30  could be configured to transmit directly to an offsite location system  41 , such as transmitting directly to a cloud computing location or system during the data collection and/or transmission phases based on a direct connection such as by way of a cellular connection between head unit  30  and a cellular service. 
     However, as can be appreciated, independent operation can take many forms without detracting from the invention of this application wherein in this application, independent operation means that head unit  30  can perform at least some functions without a wired link to a surface system, such as units  40  and/or  41 . There are many degrees of independent operation that include, but are not limited to, a) full independence wherein all operating systems, commands, data storage and the like are part of internal measurement system  58  of head unit  30  wherein unit  30  is a fully functional system by itself. The data collected during the data collection phase is thus completely independent of surface systems, such as units  40  and/or  41 . b) partial independence wherein head unit  30  includes independent operations but system  10  includes one or more of the commands, data storage and the like at least partially controlled by units  40  and/or  41 . This can include, but not limited to, use of units  40  and/or  41  to program a preferred mode of operation for the data collection phase of head  30 , receiving data during the data collection phase, providing at least some of the operating steps and/or controlling one or more synchronization clocks. c) substantial dependence wherein head unit  30  is substantially controlled by units  40  and/or  41  during the data collection phase. Again, while examples have been provided, these examples are not exhaustive wherein differing variations of these operation modes are contemplated with the invention of this application. 
     Head unit  30  can include a wide range of configuration without detracting from the invention of this application. For discussion only, wherein the following description is not intended to limit the invention of this application, head unit  30  can include a head plate and/or assembly  60  that includes top portion  31 , bottom portion  32  and one or more sides  33 . Head unit can be round as is shown in the drawings, but this is not required. Head unit  30  further includes one or more sensor arrangements  59  for determining the physical characteristics of the borehole wall, the physical characteristics of the borehole bottom and/or to help in the operation of the system, which will be discuss more below. These sensor arrangement(s) can have a wide range of functions and/or uses and can work in combination with other sensors or autonomously. 
     The sensor arrangements can include liquid sensor  54  noted above that can work to help the operation of the device. The sensor arrangements further include one or more scanners or sensors  70  for the measurement of the physical characteristics of the borehole. In this respect, sensors  70  are configured to scan, sense or detect the borehole walls, borehole bottom borehole opening and/or the top extent of liquid L to determine the locations of these items relative to head unit  30 , sensor arrangement  59  and/or plate  60 . In the embodiments shown, these sensors can be oriented as needed to obtain desired data. In this respect, sensors  70   h  are radially outwardly facing sensors relative to head axis  34 . In that these sensors are measuring radially outwardly from head unit axis  34 , the data obtain from these sensors is described as a radius spacing between axis  34  and a portion of sidewall SW that is located radially outwardly of the particular sensor  70   h , which will also be described in greater detail below. Head unit  30  can further include sensors  70   t  and/or  70   b  that can be utilized to scan the bottom extent to determine the condition of the surface of bottom extent BE and/or to help determine the location of unit  30  relative to the top and/or bottom of the borehole. Again, this can be used to help make unit  30  a self contained system. 
     Sensors  70  can utilize a wide range of scanning technology without detracting from the invention of this application. The data produced by the sensors can be used to provide dimensional data on the borehole including, but not limited to, the dimensions of the borehole size as radius, the detection of imperfections in the borehole wall, the shape of the borehole wall, vertical orientation and/or any other dimensional characteristics of the borehole wall. And, multiple sensors can be circumferentially spaced about axis  34  to prevent the need to rotate head  30 , and/or assembly  60  and/or improve the resolution of the data obtained. In one set of embodiments, sensors  70  include at least one sonar sender and/or receiver (or transceiver) that can be, or is, directed at the surface to be analyzed. Sensors  70   h  are directed at a portion of sidewall SW. This also can include the use of one or more ultrasonic sensors. This can include, for example, operation in the range of about 0.5 to 2 MHz in wet or slurry conditions and in the range of about 10 to 100 KHz in dry conditions. In one set of embodiments, operation is at about 1 MHz in wet or slurry conditions and about 20 to 60 KHz in dry conditions. No matter what sensor is used, a plurality of sensors in sensor arrangement  59  can together calculate a general three-dimensional shape of the borehole and/or the radius of the borehole along its length between opening O and bottom extent BE, or at least a portion thereof. Depending on the number of horizontal sensors  70   h , this can be done without the need for rotation between the lowering phase and the raising phase between the top extent of the measurement and lower stop point LSP. At least, it can reduce the number of the measuring cycles needed for a desired resolution. Yet further, head unit  30  and/or system  10  can use different technologies for different environments. In this respect, sensors  70  can include ultrasonic sensors for wet or slurry conditions and/or ultrasonic, laser and/or optical sensors for dry conditions. In addition, the ultrasonic sensors can be configured for use with both wet and dry conditions. In this respect, the ultrasonic sensors can be configured to transmit at different frequencies so that the ultrasonic sensors could be operated at higher frequencies for liquids or slurries and operated at lower frequencies for air. Yet even further, the system can include a sensor arrangement  59  that includes multiple sets of different sensors configurations and/or types wherein one set of sensors can be used for dry conditions and another set of sensors can be used for wet conditions. Moreover, these multiple sets could include a first set that has one or more ultrasonic sensors configured to operate at higher frequencies for liquids or slurries and a second set that has one or more ultrasonic sensors configured to operate at lower frequencies for air. 
     Sensor  70  of head unit  30  can also include sonar transducers which can scan a portion of sidewall SW of the borehole and/or a portion of bottom BE of the borehole with an ultrasonic signal. Again, multiple sonar sensors can be configured to send in multiple directions to prevent the need to rotate head  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  during data collection as is defined in this application. In this respect, head unit  30  extends about head unit axis  34  and head  30  can be positioned in borehole BH such that axis  34  is generally coaxial with a borehole axis  76 , but this is not required and will likely change as unit  30  is lowered into the borehole. In this respect, sensors  70   h  face radially outwardly from axis  34  of head unit  30  and measure the spacing between the sensor and sidewall SW. This measurement from multiple sensors  70   h  can then be used to determine the overall radius of the borehole and the location of head unit  30  relative to the borehole. This can be used to determine if the borehole is vertical, if the borehole changes direction, the radius of the borehole and/or if the borehole has any imperfections in its side wall SW. As can be appreciated, head  30  can be positioned in borehole such that head axis  34  is substantially coaxial with borehole axis  76 . Then, as the head is lowered, sensors  70   h  can detect if borehole axis  76  remains coaxial with head axis  34 . If the head is being lowered such that head axis  34  is plumb, this is an indication that the borehole is not plumb. Again, while sensors  70   h  could be a single sensor, it is preferred that head unit  30  includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced sensors  70   h  positioned about head unit axis  34  that face radially outwardly from axis  34 . In this configuration, head unit  30  does not have to be rotated during the data collection phase, which has been found to increase accuracies and greatly reduce testing times. 
     Yet further, sensor arrangement  59  and sensors  70 , including sensors  70   h  of sensor arrangement  59 , can include a wide range of operating modes and these operating modes can be controlled by internal measurement system  58  and/or sensor arrangement  59 . In this respect, system  10  can include a sensor arrangement  59  that operates all sensors  70   h  simultaneously, which is operation in parallel. In another set of embodiments, the sensors, such as sensors  70   h , can operate in sets. For example, all of the even sensors  70   h  could operate during a first testing period and all of the odd sensors could operate during a second testing period. In yet other embodiments, one type of sensor could operate during a first testing period and other types could operate during a second testing period. This includes the operation of one or special application sensors, such as the depth sensors. 
     As is shown in  FIG. 1 , unit  30  includes a sensor arrangement  59  having multiple sensors  70 . Again, this reduces the need to rotate head unit  30 . Sensors  70  includes a first set of sensors ( 70   h ) positioned on the one or more of side edges  66  of head unit  30  circumferentially spaced about axis  34  or at least radially extending from axis  34 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , there are four horizontal sensors  70   h  circumferentially spaced about head axis  34 . However, as is shown in  FIGS. 5-8 , more or less sensor could be used without detracting from the invention of this application. As can be appreciated, more sensors can improve resolution, reduce testing times and/or reduce the number of measuring cycles. By including the use of wireless technology and anti-rotation sensor arrangements to prevent the need to rotate the head, head unit  30  operation can be simplified significantly, testing times can be improved and accuracies can be improved. Further, the head unit can be a self contained head unit that can be quickly set up and lowered into the borehole. In one set of embodiments, head unit  30  includes support bracket  20  that can work in connection with mount MA on existing lowering devices or systems being used at the jobsite, such as Kelly Bar KB and/or lowering cables. Again, while any mounting arrangement could be used to secure head unit  30  to a lowering device, Kelly Bar KB, shown mount  20  utilizes pin  22  to secure head unit  30  to the Kelly Bar. 
     Again, the data collected by sensor arrangement  59  from sensors  70  can be transmitted to the surface unit  40  by way of the wireless technology. In one set of embodiments, the wireless communication is by communication system  48  and antennas  50  and  52  or  52   a . In another set of embodiments, data is communicated directly from head unit after the data collection phase. In this respect, unit  30  can be self contained during at least the data collection phase of the operation. Moreover, internal measurement system  58  of head unit  30  can include a memory  96  and memory  96  can include operating instructions for a head processer  98  to control the data collection phase, store the data collected during the data collection phase and/or communicate the data during the data transmission phase. In some embodiments, the memory for the data memory is independent of the memory for the operating instructions. Then, after the data collection phase is concluded, the head unit can be raised to the top and the data can be downloaded from head unit  30  directly after it has surfaced. This extraction of data can also be by way of wireless communication using antenna  50  and/or it could include a wired communication arrangement  83 . Wired communication arrangement  83  can include a selectively securable cable  84  having cable connections  85  wherein cable  84  can be selectively securable between a data port  86  in surface unit  40  and/or  41  and a data port  88  in head unit  30 . In addition, this can be limited to when the head unit is in the data transmission phase, which can be when the head unit is at least partially out of the borehole. As can be appreciated, wireless and/or wired communication between head unit  30  and surface unit  40  and/or  41  is much different when the head unit is out of the borehole than communication with head unit  30  when it is in the borehole during the data collection phase. Again, any communication system and/or technology could be used including all of the typical wireless RF or optical communication links used by industry. RF links include, but are not limited to, BLUETOOTH®, ZigBee®, Wi-Fi, Universal Serial Bus and RS232 communication standards and/or systems. Optical communication links include, but are not limited to, Li-Fi. 
     While mounting head unit  30  to the Kelly Bar can allow the head unit to be rotated, the exact angle of rotation would be needed to accurately determine the portion of the side wall and/or bottom wall being measured at any given time. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , head unit  30  includes sensor arrangement  59  having five sensors  70 . These include four horizontal sensors  70   h  and one bottom sensor  70   b . Again, more or less than five sensors could be used without detracting from the invention of this application. 
     Again, sensors  70  in one set of embodiments can be one or more ultrasonic sensors that can be used to detect the spacing or distance between the sensor and the side wall. Multiple readings from multiple sensors can then be used to calculate the shape and/or configuration of any surface within the borehole. In particular, horizontal sensors  70   h  can be used to detect and determine the shape and/or overall radius of the sidewall(s) of the borehole. Bottom sensor or sensors  70   b  can be used to detect and determine the shape of bottom surfaces BE of the borehole. Alternatively, bottom sensor or sensor  70   b  can be used to detect and determine the location of bottom extent BE and/or lower stop point LSP. 
     In another set of embodiments, sensors  70  can include one or more laser and/or optical sensor could be utilized to take the same or similar readings. These sensors are intended for holes that are not filled with a slurry. In addition, in at least one set of embodiments, the device can include sensor arrangement  59  with a combination of sensors wherein the one or more ultrasonic sensors can be utilized in the scanning within a liquid or slurry and the one or more laser, ultrasonic and/or optical sensors could be utilized in dry conditions. With special reference to  FIG. 3 , sensor arrangement  59  can include a first array of sensors  70   h  and a second array of sensors  71   h . These arrays of sensors extend about unit axis  34  and/or can be positioned in multiple layers and/or sensor arrays that can include use of the same sensor technology and/or different sensor technology. In this respect, an increasing number of sensors can be used to improve the angular resolution of the device. Different scan technology can be used to allow one head unit  30  to work in different borehole environments. Therefore, at least one set of embodiments includes sensors positioned about most of the side(s) (at least radially outwardly) of the device to improve resolution. If a sensor is used that includes a narrow sensor range that are highly directional, a greater number of sensors could be used without interference with adjacent sensors. As noted above, this can improve angular resolution. In one set of embodiments, this can include over ten sensors spaced about the side or radially extending from unit axis  34  of the head device.  FIG. 8  shows 16 sensors  70   h . According to another set of embodiments, over twenty sensors could be positioned about the side or radially extending from unit axis  34  of the device. According to yet another set of embodiments, over thirty sensors could be positioned about the side or radially extending from unit axis  34  of the head device. Depending on the size of the side sensors, the head unit and/or other factors, more than one layer or sets of sensors could be positioned about the axis of the device. These other layers or sets could also utilize a different sensor technology. Again, in one mode of operation, the head unit can be lowered into the borehole or excavation (lowering phase) until it reaches lower stop point LSP. Then, head unit  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  can be partially rotated before the raising phase. This can be used to improve the angular resolution of the device by changing the rotational position of the device when raised to change the rotational orientation of the sensors relative to the wall(s). This rotation method can also be used to address gaps in the sensors&#39; data when fewer sensors are used and/or when highly directional sensors are used. 
     According to yet another set of embodiments, sensor arrangements  59  can further include one or more calibration sensor arrangements  79 . Calibration sensors can have a wide range of functions including, but not limited, depth measurement and/or confirmation, density measurement and/or confirmation, and/or other operational functions. These include one or more sensors configured to measure the density of the slurry about head unit  30  as will be discussed more below. In this respect, head unit  30  can include one or more devices, like the scanners and/or sensors described above, that are directed toward other devices at known locations, which can be used to determine and account for the changes in slurry densities as the devices is lowered into the borehole. In this respect, the fluid or slurry that is used to maintain the borehole until it is filled with material to be solidified, such as grout, has different densities at different depths. Further, changes in density will affect the wave speed of the sonar sensors of sensor  70  wherein wave speed slows as density increases. Therefore, the accuracy of the system can be impacted as the density of the slurry changes. In order to account for the changes in slurry density, the invention of this application can further include one or more density sensors  80 . Sensor  80  can be a single unit device directed toward an object at a known location  81  or a transmitter  80  and a receiver  81  at a known location wherein units  80  and  81  are spaced from one another by a known spacing  82 . In that the spacing is known, density sensor  80  can be utilized to calibrate head  30  and/or system  10  by calculating changes in the slurry density. This calibration information can then be used to adjust sensor readings from sensors  70 . Yet further, the density sensor  80  could also work with depth sensors, such as pressure sensors  110 , which will be discussed more below. This can be used to increase accuracies of the depth measurement of the system and/or the accuracy of the sensors. 
     Again, in one set of embodiments, device  80  can be a transmitting device and device  81  can be a receiving device wherein known spacing  82  is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. The density measurement can then be made by tracking the time delay, and changes in time delay, from the received signal sent from the transmitter to the receiver. This can then be used to adjust sensor readings from sensors  70  to account for the changing density of the slurry at any depth within the borehole. Further, receiver  81  could also be used in combination with one of sensors  70  wherein at least one of sensors  70  acts as unit  80  and receiver  81  is positioned at know distance  82  from the one of sensors  70 . Again, the changes in transmission times from receiver  81  can be used to calculate density. Calibration system along with density sensor  80  and receiver  81  can be a part of measurement system  58 . 
     Borehole inspection device  10  can further include one or more depth measurement systems  89 . As can be appreciated, knowing the depth of head  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  is important to know where the scanned images are located within the borehole. Depth measurement systems  89  can include one or more internal measuring systems  90 , that can be part of system  58  of head unit  30 . System  90  can include, but is not limited to, accelerometers, gyroscopes, ultrasonic sensors, altimeter(s)  91 , and/or pressure sensors  110  to determine the depth of the system within the borehole and/or changes in depth. And, these systems can be used with other systems to determine current depth for head  30 . Yet further, the depth measurement systems  89  can include a rotary encoder  92  fixed relative to a Kelly Bar, a lowering cable, main line and/or other lowering device, that can measure depth either independently and/or in combination with the other systems within head unit  30 . The rotary encoder  92  can include a support  100  and a wheel  102  wherein wheel  102  is configured to engage Kelly Bar KB, wire or lowering device. When used in combination, the rotary encoder can be synced with the systems onboard the head unit. In this respect, both the surface systems, such as surface unit  40  and/or encoder  92 , can include a timing device or clock  104  and head unit  30  can include a timing device or clock  106 . Clocks  104  and  106  can be synchronized so that sensors  70  can take readings or be pinged against side wall(s) SW based on a unit of time. If the clocks are synchronized and head unit  30  is lowered during the lowering and raised during the raising phases at a known rate, the depths for each “ping” can be determined based on time. In addition, the accelerometers, pressure sensors and/or altimeters can further improve accuracies in depth measurement and/or lowering rate. The use of rotary encoder, accelerometers and/or altimeters in combination with wireless technology eliminates the need for wire and/lines connecting the device to surface systems and/or operator(s) monitoring the borehole inspection. Yet further, encoder  92  can include a wireless system  108  that allows communication between encoder  92  and head  30  and/or surface unit  40 ,  41 . 
     According to one set of embodiments, and with special reference to  FIG. 9 , head unit  30  can include one or more pressure sensors  110  to measure depth in the borehole alone or in combination with other systems described above. It is preferred that at least two pressure sensors be used to measure depth. More particularly, head unit  30  can include a first pressure sensor  110   a  and a second pressure sensor  110   b . Moreover, pressure sensor  110   a  can be an upper sensor and pressure sensor  110   b  can be a lower sensor that are axially spaced relative to head axis  34  and which are separated by a known spacing  112 . Known spacing  112  can be any known spacing. In one set of embodiments, spacing  112  can be approximately 12 inches. In one set of embodiments, spacing  112  is in the range of about 6 inches to 36 inches. In another set of embodiments, spacing  112  is between about 8 inches and 24 inches. In one embodiment, it is greater than 6 inches. In that spacing  112  is a known spacing, sensors  110  can confirm vertical movement by the changes in pressure. For example, movement of head by sensor spacing  112  should result in pressure sensor  110   a  reading the same pressure after the movement as sensor  110   b  read before the movement. This can be used to determine and/or confirm depth. Depth can be calculated in the same way wherein it can be determined that the head unit has moved by the distance of spacing  112  once sensor  110   a  reads the pressure of sensor  110   b  before the movement began. As a result, an analysis of the pressures of both sensors can be utilized to track depth and/or to confirm depth. As with other aspects of the system and/or arrangement, this data can be stored and/or communicated to other parts of the system in real time and/or during the data transmission phase. 
     In addition, the one or more accelerometers  120  and/or gyroscopes  122  can be utilized to calculate the verticality of the hole being scanned. In greater detail, and with special reference to  FIG. 4 , when borehole O is bored, the boring tool can encounter an in ground obstacle IGO that can cause deflection of the bore wherein the bore opening can in include a vertical portion VP and a non-vertical portion NVP. The accelerometers and/or gyroscopes can confirm the verticality of head unit head  30  and/or sensor arrangement  59  to maintain and/or determine if head unit axis  34  is plumb to allow head unit to detect the verticality of the borehole opening. Further, the accelerometers and/or gyroscopes can be used with other components in system  10  to lower the head unit into the opening. This information can then be used in combination with sensor data from sensors  70  to allow both hole size determination and verticality determination of opening O to determine when it has transition from a vertical section to a non-vertical section and/or vice versa. 
     According to even yet further aspects of the present invention, the use of the rotary encoder, accelerometers and/or altimeters in combination with wireless technology improves the system&#39;s ability to work in a semi-automated and/or fully automated mode of inspection. Yet further, these modes of operation can allow multiple boreholes to be inspected simultaneously with a single surface unit device or system wherein at least one embodiment includes multiple head units that communicate with a single surface unit and/or off-site unit. 
     The systems and devices of this application can work together to allow inspection device  10  to be a quickly deployed borehole measuring system that can operate in a wide variety of borehole configurations and sizes without significant set up. Yet further, the systems of this application can work in combination with other sensing devices without detracting from the invention of this application. While considerable emphasis has been placed on the preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated that other embodiments, and equivalences thereof, can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention. Furthermore, the embodiments described above can be combined to form yet other embodiments of the invention of this application. Accordingly, it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation.