Patent Publication Number: US-2018043199-A1

Title: Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of z-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     The present invention relates to the discovery of azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions which include Z-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents (“blowing agents”) for the production of thermoplastic and thermoset foams, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, solvents, fire extinguishing and suppression agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents. 
     Description of Related Art 
     Many industries have been working for the past few decades to find replacements for the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The CFCs and HCFCs have been employed in a wide range of applications, including their use as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for thermoplastic and thermoset foams, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing and suppression agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents. In the search for replacements for these versatile compounds, many industries have turned to the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), and hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs). 
     The HFCs do not contribute to the destruction of stratospheric ozone, but are of concern due to their contribution to the “greenhouse effect,” i.e., they contribute to global warming. As a result, they have come under scrutiny, and their widespread use may also be limited in the future. Unlike HFCs, many HFOs and HCFOs do not contribute to the greenhouse effect, as they react and decompose in the atmosphere relatively quickly. However, HFOs such as HFO-1234ze and HCFOs such as E-HCFO-1233zd have been found to be too unstable for many applications. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Mixtures of certain hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons that include Z-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (Z—CF 3 CH═CHCl, Z-1233zd) are believed to function as potential candidates for replacement of CFCs and HCFCs, but to display low global warming potentials (“GWPs”), and not contribute to the destruction of stratospheric ozone. 
     In Embodiment 1.0, there is provided a composition comprising Z-1233zd and a second component selected from the group consisting of: 
     a) Z-1336mzz; 
     b) Isopentane; 
     c) E-1438ezy; 
     d) E-1233zd; and, 
     e) HBFO-1233xfB, 
     wherein the second component is present in an effective amount to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like mixture with the Z-1233zd. 
     In Embodiment 2.0, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 1.0, wherein the second component is Z-1336mzz. 
     In Embodiment 3.0, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 1.0, wherein the second component is Isopentane. 
     In Embodiment 4.0, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 1.0, wherein the second component is E-1438ezy. 
     In Embodiment 5.0, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 1.0, wherein the second component is E-1233zd. 
     In Embodiment 6.0, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 1.0, wherein the second component is HBFO-1233xfB. 
     In Embodiment 7.0, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 1.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
     In Embodiment 7.1, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 2.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
     In Embodiment 7.2, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 3.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
     In Embodiment 7.3, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 4.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
     In Embodiment 7.4, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 5.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
     In Embodiment 7.5, there is provided the composition according to Embodiment 6.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
     In Embodiment 8.0, there is provided a process of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding a foamable composition to a blowing agent; and,   (b) reacting said foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam,
 
wherein said blowing agent comprises the composition according to Embodiment 1.0.
       

     In Embodiment 8.1, there is provided a process of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding a foamable composition to a blowing agent; and,   (b) reacting said foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam,
 
wherein said blowing agent comprises the composition according to Embodiment 2.0.
       

     In Embodiment 8.2, there is provided a process of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding a foamable composition to a blowing agent; and,   (b) reacting said foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam,
 
wherein said blowing agent comprises the composition according to Embodiment 3.0.
       

     In Embodiment 8.3, there is provided a process of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding a foamable composition to a blowing agent; and,   (b) reacting said foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam,
 
wherein said blowing agent comprises the composition according to Embodiment 4.0.
       

     In Embodiment 8.4, there is provided a process of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding a foamable composition to a blowing agent; and,   (b) reacting said foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam,
 
wherein said blowing agent comprises the composition according to Embodiment 5.0.
       

     In Embodiment 8.5, there is provided a process of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding a foamable composition to a blowing agent; and,   (b) reacting said foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam,
 
wherein said blowing agent comprises the composition according to Embodiment 6.0.
       

     In Embodiment 9.0, there is provided a foam formed by the process according to any of Embodiments 8.1 to 8.5. 
     In Embodiment 10.0, there is provided a foam comprising a polymer and the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0. 
     In Embodiment 11.0, there is provided a pre-mix composition comprising a foamable component and a composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 as a blowing agent. 
     In Embodiment 12.0, there is provided a process for producing refrigeration comprising condensing the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled. 
     In Embodiment 13.0, there is provided a heat transfer system comprising the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 as a heat transfer medium. 
     In Embodiment 14.0, there is provided a method of cleaning a surface comprising bringing the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 into contact with said surface. 
     In Embodiment 15.0, there is provided an aerosol product comprising a component to be dispensed and the composition according to any of Embodiment 2.0-6.0 as a propellant. 
     In Embodiment 16.0, there is provided a method for extinguishing or suppressing a flame comprising dispensing the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 at said flame. 
     In Embodiment 17.0, there is provided a system for preventing or suppressing a flame comprising a vessel containing the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 and a nozzle to dispense said composition toward an anticipated or actual location of said flame. 
     In Embodiment 18.0, there is provided a process for dissolving a solute comprising contacting and mixing said solute with a sufficient quantity of the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0. 
     In Embodiment 19.0, there is provided a method for preventing or rapidly quenching an electric discharge in a space in a high voltage device comprising injecting the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 into said space as a gaseous dielectric. 
     In Embodiment 20.0, there is provided a high voltage device comprising the composition according to any of Embodiments 2.0-6.0 as a gaseous dielectric. 
     In Embodiment 21.0, there is provided the high voltage device according to any of Embodiment 20.0 selected from the group consisting of a transformer, a circuit breaker, a switch and a radar waveguide. 
     In Embodiment 22.0, there is provided a compositional means for forming an azeotrope or a near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and a second component selected from the group consisting of: 
     a) Z-1336mzz; 
     b) Isopentane; 
     c) E-1438ezy; 
     d) E-1233zd; and, 
     e) HBFO-1233xfB. 
     In Embodiment 22.1, there is provided a compositional means for forming an azeotrope or a near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and Z-1336mzz. 
     In Embodiment 22.2, there is provided a compositional means for forming an azeotrope or a near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and Isopentane. 
     In Embodiment 22.3, there is provided a compositional means for forming an azeotrope or a near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and E-1438ezy. 
     In Embodiment 22.4, there is provided a compositional means for forming an azeotrope or a near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and E-1233zd. 
     In Embodiment 22.5, there is provided a compositional means for forming an azeotrope or a near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and HBFO-1233xfB. 
     In Embodiment 23.0, there is provided an azeotropic composition according to any of the line entries of any of Tables 2, 3, 9, 10, 14 and 15. 
     In Embodiment 24.0, there is provided an azeotrope-like composition according to any of the line entries of any of Tables 4, 5, 11, 12, 16, 17, 21, 22, 26 and 27. 
     In Embodiment 25.0, there is provided the composition according to any of Embodiments 22.0, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, 22.5, 23.0 or 24.0, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants, pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, emulsifiers dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and acid catchers. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  displays the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for a mixture of Z-1233zd and Z-1336mzz at a temperature of 30° C. over the Z-1233zd liquid mole fraction range of 0-1. 
         FIG. 2  displays the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for a mixture of Z-1233zd and Z-1336mzz at a temperature of 30° C. over the Z-1233zd liquid mole fraction range of 0-0.1. 
         FIG. 3  displays the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for a mixture of Z-1233zd and isopentane at 29.9° C. 
         FIG. 4  displays the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for a mixture of Z-1233zd and E-1438ezy at a temperature of 29.93° C. 
         FIG. 5  displays the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for a mixture of Z-1233zd and E-1233zd at a temperature of 30° C. 
         FIG. 6  displays the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for a mixture of Z-1233zd and HBFO-1233xfB at a temperature of 29.9° C. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to azeotropic and near-azeotropic compositions of Z-1233zd with each of Z-1336mzz; Isopentane; E-1438ezy; E-1233zd; and, HBFO-1233xfB. 
     Alternate designations for Z-1233zd include Z-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (Z—CF 3 CH═CHCl), cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1233zd, Z—HFO-1233zd and cis-HFO-1233zd. Alternate designations for Z-1336mzz include Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 ), cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, cis-1336mzz, Z—HFO-1336mzz and cis-HFO-1336mzz. Alternate designations for E-1438ezy include E-1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (E-(CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHF), trans-1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene, trans-1438ezy, trans-HFO-1438ezy and E-HFO-1438ezy. Alternate designations for HBFO-1233xfB (CF 3 CBr═CH 2 ) include 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and FC-1233xfB. 
     The azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method including mixing or combining the desired amounts. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and thereafter combine them in an appropriate container. 
     The inventive compositions can be used in a wide range of applications, including their use as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, solvents, cleaning agents, blowing agents (foam expansion agents) for thermoplastic and thermoset foams, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing and suppression agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents. 
     As used herein, the terms “inventive compositions” and “compositions of the present invention” shall be understood to mean the azeotropic and near-azeotropic compositions of Z-1233zd and, a second component selected from the group consisting of: Z-1336mzz, Isopentane, E-1438ezy, E-1233zd and HBFO-1233xfB. 
     Uses as a Heat Transfer Medium 
     The disclosed compositions can act as a working fluid used to carry heat from a heat source to a heat sink. Such heat transfer compositions may also be useful as a refrigerant in a cycle wherein the fluid undergoes a phase change; that is, from a liquid to a gas and back, or vice versa. 
     Examples of heat transfer systems include but are not limited to air conditioners, freezers, refrigerators, heat pumps, water chillers, flooded evaporator chillers, direct expansion chillers, walk-in coolers, heat pumps, mobile refrigerators, mobile air conditioning units and combinations thereof. 
     In one embodiment, the compositions comprising Z-1233zd are useful in mobile heat transfer systems, including refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems or apparatus. In another embodiment, the compositions are useful in stationary heat transfer systems, including refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems or apparatus. 
     As used herein, the term “mobile heat transfer system” shall be understood to mean any refrigeration, air conditioner, or heating apparatus incorporated into a transportation unit for the road, rail, sea or air. In addition, mobile refrigeration or air conditioner units, include those apparatus that are independent of any moving carrier and are known as “intermodal” systems. Such intermodal systems include “containers’ (combined sea/land transport) as well as “swap bodies” (combined road/rail transport). 
     As used herein, the term “stationary heat transfer system” shall be understood to mean a system that is fixed in place during operation. A stationary heat transfer system may be located within or attached to a building, or may be a stand-alone device located out of doors, such as a soft drink vending machine. Such a stationary application may be a stationary air conditioning device or heat pump, including but not limited to a chiller, a high temperature heat pumps, which may be a trans-critical heat pump (one that operates with a condenser temperature above 50° C., 70° C., 80° C., 100° C., 120° C., 140° C., 160° C., 180° C., or 200° C.), a residential, commercial or industrial air conditioning system, and may be window-mounted, ductless, ducted, packaged terminal, a chiller, and one that is exterior but connected to a building, such as a rooftop system. In stationary refrigeration applications, the disclosed compositions may be useful in high temperature, medium temperature and/or low temperature refrigeration equipment including commercial, industrial or residential refrigerators and freezers, ice machines, self-contained coolers and freezers, flooded evaporator chillers, direct expansion chillers, walk-in and reach-in coolers and freezers, and combination systems. In some embodiments, the disclosed compositions may be used in supermarket refrigerator systems. 
     Therefore in accordance with the present invention, the compositions as disclosed herein containing Z-1233zd may be useful in methods for producing cooling, producing heating, and transferring heat. 
     In one embodiment, a method is provided for producing cooling comprising evaporating any of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, and thereafter condensing said composition. 
     In another embodiment, a method is provided for producing heating comprising condensing any of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and thereafter evaporating said compositions. 
     In another embodiment, disclosed is a method of using the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd as a heat transfer fluid composition. The method comprises transporting said composition from a heat source to a heat sink. 
     Any one of the compositions disclosed herein may be useful as a replacement for a currently used (“incumbent”) refrigerant, including but not limited to R-123 (or HFC-123, 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), R-11 (or CFC-11, trichlorofluoromethane), R-12 (or CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane), R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane), R-245fa (or HFC-245fa, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane), R-114 (or CFC-114, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-236fa (or HFC-236fa, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane), R-236ea (or HFC-236ea, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane), R-124 (or HCFC-124, 2-chloro-1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane), among others. 
     As used herein, the term “incumbent refrigerant” shall be understood to mean the refrigerant for which the heat transfer system was designed to operate, or the refrigerant that is resident in the heat transfer system. 
     In another embodiment is provided a method for operating a heat transfer system or for transferring heat that is designed to operate with an incumbent refrigerant by charging an empty system with a composition of the present invention, or by substantially replacing said incumbent refrigerant with a composition of the present invention. 
     As used herein, the term “substantially replacing” shall be understood to mean allowing the incumbent refrigerant to drain from the system, or pumping the incumbent refrigerant from the system, and then charging the system with a composition of the present invention. The system may be flushed with one or more quantities of the replacement refrigerant before being charged. It shall be understood that some small quantity of the incumbent refrigerant may be present in the system after the system has been charged with the composition of the present invention. 
     In another embodiment is provided a method for recharging a heat transfer system that contains an incumbent refrigerant and a lubricant, said method comprising substantially removing the incumbent refrigerant from the heat transfer system while retaining a substantial portion of the lubricant in said system and introducing one of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd to the heat transfer system. In some embodiments, the lubricant in the system is partially replaced. 
     In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprising Z-1233zd may be used to top-off a refrigerant charge in a chiller. For instance, if a chiller using HCFC-123 has diminished performance due to leakage of refrigerant, the compositions as disclosed herein may be added to bring performance back up to specification. 
     In another embodiment, a heat exchange system containing any of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd is provided, wherein said system is selected from the group consisting of air conditioners, freezers, refrigerators, heat pumps, water chillers, flooded evaporator chillers, direct expansion chillers, walk-in coolers, heat pumps, mobile refrigerators, mobile air conditioning units, and systems having combinations thereof. Additionally, the compositions comprising Z-1233zd may be useful in secondary loop systems wherein these compositions serve as the primary refrigerant thus providing cooling to a secondary heat transfer fluid that thereby cools a remote location. 
     Each of a vapor-compression refrigeration system, an air conditioning system, and a heat pump system includes as components an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device. A vapor-compression cycle re-uses refrigerant in multiple steps producing a cooling effect in one step and a heating effect in a different step. The cycle can be described simply as follows. Liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator through an expansion device, and the liquid refrigerant boils in the evaporator, by withdrawing heat from the environment, at a low temperature to form a vapor and produce cooling. The low-pressure vapor enters a compressor where the vapor is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature. The higher-pressure (compressed) vapor refrigerant then enters the condenser in which the refrigerant condenses and discharges its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device through which the liquid expands from the higher-pressure level in the condenser to the low-pressure level in the evaporator, thus repeating the cycle. 
     In one embodiment, there is provided a heat transfer system containing any of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd. In another embodiment is disclosed a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus containing any of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd. In another embodiment, is disclosed a stationary refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus containing any of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd. In yet another embodiment is disclosed a mobile refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus containing a composition as disclosed herein. 
     Lubricants and Additives 
     In one embodiment, there is provided one of the present compositions comprising Z-1233zd and at least one additive. The most common additive is a lubricant. Lubricants and other additives are discussed in Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance and Testing, Ch. 15, “Refrigeration Lubricants—Properties and Applications,” Michels, H. Harvey and Seinel, Tobias H., MNL37WCD-EB, ASTM International, June 2003, which is incorporated by reference. Lubricants include polyolesters (“POEs”), naphthenic mineral oils (“NMOs”) and polyalkylene glycols (“PAGs”), and synthetic lubricants. Other additives are selected from the group that are chemically active in the sense that they can react with metals in the system or with contaminants in the lubricant, including dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, acid catchers. The selection of oxidation inhibitor can be dependent on the selection of lubricant. Alkyl phenols (e.g., dibutylhydroxytoluene) may be useful for polyolester lubricants. Nitrogen containing inhibitors (e.g., arylamines and phenols) may be useful for mineral oil lubricants. Acid catchers can be especially important in synthetic lubricant systems, and include alkanolamines, long chain amides and imines, carbonates and epoxides. Still other additives are selected from the group that change physical property characteristics selected from the group consisting of pour point modifiers, anti-foam agents, viscosity improvers, and emulsifiers. Anti-foam agents include the polydimethyl siloxanes, polyalkoxyamines and polyacrylates. 
     Methods of Forming a Foam 
     The present invention further relates to a method of forming a foam comprising: (a) adding to a foamable composition a composition of the present invention; and (b) reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam. 
     Closed-cell polyisocyanate-based foams are widely used for insulation purposes, for example, in building construction and in the manufacture of energy efficient electrical appliances. In the construction industry, polyurethane (polyisocyanurate) board stock is used in roofing and siding for its insulation and load-carrying capabilities. Poured and sprayed polyurethane foams are widely used for a variety of applications including insulating roofs, insulating large structures such as storage tanks, insulating appliances such as refrigerators and freezers, insulating refrigerated trucks and railcars, etc. 
     A second type of insulating foam is thermoplastic foam, primarily polystyrene foam. Polyolefin foams (e.g., polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene) are widely used in insulation and packaging applications. These thermoplastic foams were generally made with CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) as the blowing agent. More recently HCFCs (HCFC-22, chlorodifluoromethane) or blends of HCFCs (HCFC-22/HCFC-142b) or HFCs (HFC-152a) have been employed as blowing agents for polystyrene. 
     A third important type of insulating foam is phenolic foam. These foams, which have very attractive flammability characteristics, were generally made with CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) and CFC-113 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane) blowing agents 
     In addition to closed-cell foams, open-cell foams are also of commercial interest, for example in the production of fluid-absorbent articles. U.S. Pat. No. 6,703,431 (Dietzen, et. al.) describes open-cell foams based on thermoplastics polymers that are useful for fluid-absorbent hygiene articles such as wound contact materials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,071,580 (Bland, et. al.) describes absorbent extruded thermoplastic foams which can be employed in various absorbency applications. Open-cell foams have also found application in evacuated or vacuum panel technologies, for example in the production of evacuated insulation panels as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,271 (Malone). Using open-cell foams in evacuated insulation panels, it has been possible to obtain R-values of 10 to 15 per inch of thickness depending upon the evacuation or vacuum level, polymer type, cell size, density, and open cell content of the foam. These open-cell foams have traditionally been produced employing CFCs, HCFCs, or more recently, HFCs as blowing agents. 
     Multimodal foams are also of commercial interest, and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,787,580 (Chonde, et. al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,332,761 (Paquet, et. al.). A multimodal foam is a foam having a multimodal cell size distribution, and such foams have particular utility in thermally insulating articles since they often have higher insulating values (R-values) than analogous foams having a generally uniform cell size distribution. These foams have been produced employing CFCs, HCFCs, and, more recently, HFCs as the blowing agent. 
     All of these various types of foams require blowing (expansion) agents for their manufacture. Insulating foams depend on the use of halocarbon blowing agents, not only to foam the polymer, but primarily for their low vapor thermal conductivity, a very important characteristic for insulation value. 
     Other embodiments provide foamable compositions, and preferably thermoset or thermoplastic foam compositions, prepared using the compositions of the present disclosure. In such foam embodiments, one or more of the present compositions are included as or part of a blowing agent in a foamable composition, which composition preferably includes one or more additional components capable of reacting and/or foaming under the proper conditions to form a foam or cellular structure. Another aspect relates to foam, and preferably closed cell foam, prepared from a polymer foam formulation containing a blowing agent comprising the compositions of the present disclosure. 
     Certain embodiments provide methods of preparing foams. In such foam embodiments, a blowing agent comprising a composition of the present disclosure is added to and reacted with a foamable composition, which foamable composition may include one or more additional components capable of reacting and/or foaming under the proper conditions to form a foam or cellular structure. Any of the methods well known in the art, such as those described in “Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology,” Volumes I and II, Saunders and Frisch, 1962, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., which is incorporated herein by reference, may be used or adapted for use in accordance with the foam embodiments. 
     In certain embodiments, it is often desirable to employ certain other ingredients in preparing foams. Among these additional ingredients are, catalysts, surfactants, flame retardants, preservatives, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents, solubilizing agents, IR attenuating agents, nucleating agents, cell controlling agents, extrusion aids, stabilizing agents, thermally insulating agents, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers, gas barrier resins, polymer modifiers, rheology modifiers, antibacterial agents, vapor pressure modifiers, UV absorbers, cross-linking agents, permeability modifiers, bitterants, propellants and the like. 
     Polyurethane foams are generally prepared by combining and reacting an isocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a blowing or expanding agent and auxiliary chemicals added to control and modify both the polyurethane reaction itself and the properties of the final polymer. For processing convenience, these materials can be premixed into two non-reacting parts typically referred to as the “A-side” and the “B-side.” 
     The term “A-side” is intended to mean isocyanate or isocyanate containing mixture. An isocyanate containing mixture may include the isocyanate, the blowing or expanding agent and auxiliary chemicals, like catalysts, surfactants, stabilizers, chain extenders, cross-linkers, water, fire retardants, smoke suppressants, pigments, coloring materials, fillers, etc. 
     The term “B-side” is intended to mean polyol or polyol containing mixture. A polyol containing mixture usually includes the polyol, the blowing or expanding agent and auxiliary chemicals, like catalysts, surfactants, stabilizers, chain extenders, cross-linkers, water, fire retardants, smoke suppressants, pigments, coloring materials, fillers, etc. 
     To prepare the foam, appropriate amounts of A-side and B-side are then combined to react. 
     When preparing a foam by a process disclosed herein, it is generally preferred to employ a minor amount of a surfactant to stabilize the foaming reaction mixture until it cures. Such surfactants may comprise a liquid or solid organosilicone compound. Other, less preferred surfactants include polyethylene glycol ethers of long chain alcohols, tertiary amine or alkanolamine salts of long chain alkyl acid sulfate esters, alkyl sulfonic esters and alkyl arylsulfonic acids. The surfactants are employed in amounts sufficient to stabilize the foaming reaction mixture against collapse and to prevent the formation of large, uneven cells. About 0.2 to about 5 parts or even more of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of polyol are usually sufficient. 
     One or more catalysts for the reaction of the polyol with the polyisocyanate may also be used. Any suitable urethane catalyst may be used, including tertiary amine compounds and organometallic compounds. Such catalysts are used in an amount which measurably increases the rate of reaction of the polyisocyanate. Typical amounts are about 0.1 to about 5 parts of catalyst per 100 parts by weight of polyol. 
     Thus, in one aspect, the invention is directed to a closed cell foam prepared by foaming a foamable composition in the presence of a blowing agent described above. 
     Another aspect is for a foam premix composition comprising a polyol and a blowing agent described above. 
     Additionally, one aspect is for a method of forming a foam comprising:
         (a) adding to a foamable composition a blowing agent described above; and   (b) reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam.       

     In the context of polyurethane foams, the terms “foamable composition” and “foamable component” shall be understood herein to mean isocyanate or an isocyanate-containing mixture. In the context of polystyrene foams, the terms “foamable composition” and “foamable component” shall be understood herein to mean a polyolefin or a polyolefin-containing mixture. 
     A further aspect is for a method of forming a polyisocyanate-based foam comprising reacting at least one organic polyisocyanate with at least one active hydrogen-containing compound in the presence of a blowing agent described above. Another aspect is for a polyisocyanate foam produced by said method. 
     Propellants 
     Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of an inventive composition as described herein for use as a propellant in sprayable composition. Additionally, the present invention relates to a sprayable composition comprising an inventive composition as described herein. The active ingredient to be sprayed together with inert ingredients, solvents and other materials may also be present in a sprayable composition. Preferably, the sprayable composition is an aerosol. Suitable active materials to be sprayed include, without limitations, cosmetic materials, such as deodorants, perfumes, hair sprays, cleaners, and polishing agents as well as medicinal materials such as anti-asthma and anti-halitosis medications. 
     The present invention further relates to a process for producing aerosol products comprising the step of adding an inventive composition as described herein to active ingredients in an aerosol container, wherein said composition functions as a propellant. 
     Flame Suppression and Inerting 
     A further aspect provides methods of suppressing a flame, said methods comprising contacting a flame with a fluid comprising an inventive composition of the present disclosure. Any suitable methods for contacting the flame with the present composition may be used. For example, an inventive composition of the present disclosure may be sprayed, poured, and the like onto the flame, or at least a portion of the flame may be immersed in the flame suppression composition. In light of the teachings herein, those of skill in the art will be readily able to adapt a variety of conventional apparatus and methods of flame suppression for use in the present disclosure. 
     A further embodiment provides methods of extinguishing or suppressing a fire in a total-flood application comprising providing an agent comprising an inventive composition of the present disclosure; disposing the agent in a pressurized discharge system; and discharging the agent into an area to extinguish or suppress fires in that area. 
     Another embodiment provides methods of inerting a space to prevent a fire or explosion comprising providing an agent comprising an inventive composition of the present disclosure; disposing the agent in a pressurized discharge system; and discharging the agent into the space to prevent a fire or explosion from occurring. 
     The term “extinguishment” is usually used to denote complete elimination of a fire; whereas, “suppression” is often used to denote reduction, but not necessarily total elimination, of a fire or explosion. As used herein, terms “extinguishment” and “suppression” will be used interchangeably. There are four general types of halocarbon fire and explosion protection applications:
         1) In total-flood fire extinguishment and/or suppression applications, the agent is discharged into a space to achieve a concentration sufficient to extinguish or suppress an existing fire. Total flooding use includes protection of enclosed, potentially occupied spaces such, as computer rooms as well as specialized, often unoccupied spaces such as aircraft engine nacelles and engine compartments in vehicles.   2) In streaming applications, the agent is applied directly onto a fire or into the region of a fire. This is usually accomplished using manually operated wheeled or portable units. A second method, included as a streaming application, uses a “localized” system, which discharges the agent toward a fire from one or more fixed nozzles. Localized systems may be activated either manually or automatically.   3) In explosion suppression, an inventive composition of the present disclosure is discharged to suppress an explosion that has already been initiated. The term “suppression” is normally used in this application because the explosion is usually self-limiting. However, the use of this term does not necessarily imply that the explosion is not extinguished by the agent. In this application, a detector is usually used to detect an expanding fireball from an explosion, and the agent is discharged rapidly to suppress the explosion. Explosion suppression is used primarily, but not solely, in defense applications.   4) In inertion, an inventive composition of the present disclosure is discharged into a space to prevent an explosion or a fire from being initiated. Often, a system similar or identical to that used for total-flood fire extinguishment or suppression is used. Usually, the presence of a dangerous condition (for example, dangerous concentrations of flammable or explosive gases) is detected, and the inventive composition of the present disclosure is then discharged to prevent the explosion or fire from occurring until the condition can be remedied.       

     The extinguishing method can be carried out by introducing the composition into an enclosed area surrounding a fire. Any of the known methods of introduction can be utilized provided that appropriate quantities of the composition are metered into the enclosed area at appropriate intervals. For example, a composition can be introduced by streaming, e.g., using conventional portable (or fixed) fire extinguishing equipment; by misting; or by flooding, e.g., by releasing (using appropriate piping, valves, and controls) the composition into an enclosed area surrounding a fire. The composition can optionally be combined with an inert propellant, e.g., nitrogen, argon, decomposition products of glycidyl azide polymers or carbon dioxide, to increase the rate of discharge of the composition from the streaming or flooding equipment utilized. 
     Preferably, the extinguishing process involves introducing an inventive composition of the present disclosure to a fire or flame in an amount sufficient to extinguish the fire or flame. One skilled in this field will recognize that the amount of flame suppressant needed to extinguish a particular fire will depend upon the nature and extent of the hazard. When the flame suppressant is to be introduced by flooding, cup burner test data are useful in determining the amount or concentration of flame suppressant required to extinguish a particular type and size of fire. 
     Laboratory tests useful for determining effective concentration ranges of an inventive composition when used in conjunction with extinguishing or suppressing a fire in a total-flood application or fire inertion are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,430. 
     Gaseous Dielectrics 
     A dielectric gas, or insulating gas, is a dielectric material in gaseous state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. Dielectric gases are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g., transformers, circuit breakers, switchgear (namely high voltage switchgear), and radar waveguides. As used herein, the term “high voltage” shall be understood to mean above 1000 V for alternating current, and at least 1500 V for direct current. The inventive compositions can be useful as gaseous dielectrics in high voltage applications. 
     Solvents 
     The inventive compositions may also be used as inert media for polymerization reactions, fluids for removing particulates from metal surfaces, as carrier fluids that may be used, for example, to place a fine film of lubricant on metal parts or as buffing abrasive agents to remove buffing abrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal. They are also used as displacement drying agents for removing water, such as from jewelry or metal parts, as resist developers in conventional circuit manufacturing techniques including chlorine-type developing agents, or as strippers for photoresists when used with, for example, a chlorohydrocarbon such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or trichloroethylene. It is desirable to identify new agents for these applications with reduced global warming potential. 
     Binary azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of substantially constant-boiling mixtures can be characterized, depending upon the conditions chosen, in a number of ways. For example, it is well known by those skilled in the art, that, at different pressures the composition of a given azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition will vary at least to some degree, as will the boiling point temperature. Thus, an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition of two compounds represents a unique type of relationship but with a variable composition that depends on temperature and/or pressure. Therefore, compositional ranges, rather than fixed compositions, are often used to define azeotropes and azeotrope-like compositions. 
     As used herein, the term “azeotropic composition” shall be understood to mean a composition where at a given temperature at equilibrium, the boiling point pressure (of the liquid phase) is identical to the dew point pressure (of the vapor phase), i.e., X 2 ═Y 2 . One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without compositional change. Constant boiling compositions are characterized as azeotropic because they exhibit either a maximum or minimum boiling point, as compared with that of the non-azeotropic mixtures of the same components. Azeotropic compositions are also characterized by a minimum or a maximum in the vapor pressure of the mixture relative to the vapor pressure of the neat components at a constant temperature. 
     As used herein, the terms “azeotrope-like composition” and “near-azeotropic composition” shall be understood to mean a composition wherein the difference between the bubble point pressure (“BP”) and dew point pressure (“DP”) of the composition at a particular temperature is less than or equal to 5 percent based upon the bubble point pressure, i.e., [(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦5. As used herein, the terms “3 percent azeotrope-like composition” and “3 percent near-azeotropic composition” shall be understood to mean a composition wherein the difference between the bubble point pressure (“BP”) and dew point pressure (“DP”) of the composition at a particular temperature is less than or equal to 3 percent based upon the bubble point pressure, i.e., [(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦3. 
     For purposes of this invention, “effective amount” is defined as the amount of each component of the inventive compositions which, when combined, results in the formation of an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition. This definition includes the amounts of each component, which amounts may vary depending on the pressure applied to the composition so long as the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions continue to exist at the different pressures, but with possible different boiling points. Therefore, effective amount includes the amounts, such as may be expressed in weight percentages, of each component of the compositions of the instant invention which form azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions at temperatures or pressures other than as described herein. 
     As used herein, the term “mole fraction” shall be understood to mean the ratio of the number of moles of one component in the binary composition to the sum of the numbers of moles of each of the two components in said composition (e.g., X 2 =m 2 /(m 1 +m 2 ). 
     To determine the relative volatility of any two compounds, a method known as the PTx method can be used. In this procedure, the total absolute pressure in a cell of known volume is measured at a constant temperature for various compositions of the two compounds. Use of the PTx Method is described in detail in “Phase Equilibrium in Process Design”, Wiley-Interscience Publisher, 1970, written by Harold R. Null, on pages 124 to 126; hereby incorporated by reference. The resulting pressure v. liquid composition data are alternately referred to as Vapor Liquid Equilibria data (or “VLE data.”) 
     These measurements can be converted into equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions in the PTx cell by using an activity coefficient equation model, such as the Non-Random, Two-Liquid (NRTL) equation, to represent liquid phase nonidealities. Use of an activity coefficient equation, such as the NRTL equation is described in detail in “The Properties of Gases and Liquids,” 4th edition, published by McGraw Hill, written by Reid, Prausnitz and Poling, on pages 241 to 387, and in “Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering,” published by Butterworth Publishers, 1985, written by Stanley M. Walas, pages 165 to 244. The collection of VLE data, the determination of interaction parameters by regression and the use of an equation of state to predict non-ideal behavior of a system are taught in “Double Azeotropy in Binary Mixtures of NH 3  and CHF 2 CF 2 ,” C.-P. Chai Kao, M. E. Paulaitis, A. Yokozeki,  Fluid Phase Equilibria,  127 (1997) 191-203. All of the aforementioned references are hereby incorporated by reference. Without wishing to be bound by any theory or explanation, it is believed that the NRTL equation, together with the PTx cell data, can sufficiently predict the relative volatilities of the Z-1233zd-containing compositions of the present invention and can therefore predict the behavior of these mixtures in multi-stage separation equipment such as distillation columns. 
     A claim, or an element in a claim for a combination, may be expressed herein as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding material or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof. Thus, for example, the term “compositional means for forming an azeotrope or near-azeotrope of Z-1233zd and a second component” shall be understood to mean the azeotropes and near-azeotropes taught in the specification, including those tabulated, and equivalents thereof. 
     For economy of space in the tables that follow, “Z-1233zd” may be abbreviated to “Z1233zd” and “Isopentane” may be abbreviated to “Ipentane.” 
     Example 1: Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
     The binary system of Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz was explored for potential azeotropic and near-azeotropic behavior. To determine the relative volatility of this binary system, the PTx method described above was used. The pressure in a PTx cell of known volume was measured at constant temperature of 30.02° C. for various binary compositions. The collected experimental data are displayed in Table 1 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Experimental VLE Data on the Z-1233zd/Z- 
               
               
                 1336mzz System at 30.02° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Pexp 
                 Pcalc 
                 Pcalc − Pexp 
               
               
                 X 2   
                 Y 2   
                 psia 
                 psia 
                 psia 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 13.0960 
                   
                   
               
               
                 0.044 
                 0.043 
                 13.0820 
                 13.0879 
                 0.0005 
               
               
                 0.101 
                 0.097 
                 13.0680 
                 13.0643 
                 0.0003 
               
               
                 0.156 
                 0.148 
                 13.0200 
                 13.0277 
                 0.0006 
               
               
                 0.219 
                 0.205 
                 12.9690 
                 12.9690 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                 0.298 
                 0.274 
                 12.8730 
                 12.8717 
                 −0.0001 
               
               
                 0.363 
                 0.331 
                 12.7740 
                 12.7719 
                 −0.0002 
               
               
                 0.433 
                 0.391 
                 12.6520 
                 12.6436 
                 −0.0007 
               
               
                 0.587 
                 0.528 
                 12.2750 
                 12.2790 
                 0.0003 
               
               
                 0.652 
                 0.589 
                 12.0840 
                 12.0886 
                 0.0004 
               
               
                 0.714 
                 0.650 
                 11.8780 
                 11.8841 
                 0.0005 
               
               
                 0.769 
                 0.707 
                 11.6760 
                 11.6796 
                 0.0003 
               
               
                 0.833 
                 0.778 
                 11.4140 
                 11.4159 
                 0.0002 
               
               
                 0.897 
                 0.855 
                 11.1240 
                 11.1188 
                 −0.0005 
               
               
                 0.956 
                 0.934 
                 10.8240 
                 10.8108 
                 −0.0012 
               
               
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 10.5530 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X 2  = liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 Y 2  = vapor mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 P exp  = experimentally measured pressure. 
               
               
                 P calc  = pressure as calculated by NRTL model. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 1  displays a plot of the pressure vs composition data over the compositional range of 0-1 liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd. The top curve represents the bubble point (“BP”) locus, and the bottom curve represents the dew point (“DP”) locus.  FIG. 2  displays the same data, focusing on the 0-0.1 range of liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd.  FIG. 2  graphically illustrates the formation of an azeotropic composition comprising about 2.1 mole percent Z-1233zd and about 97.9 mole percent Z-1336mzz, at which point the pressure goes through a maximum. 
     Based on these VLE data, interaction coefficients were extracted. These coefficients were then used in the NRTL model to predict the behavior of the Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz system at various temperatures and pressures. The NRTL model was run over the temperature range of −40 to 140 deg. C. in increments of 10 deg. C. allowing pressure to vary such that the azeotropic condition (X 2 ═Y 2 ) was met. The resulting predictions of azeotropes in the Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz system are displayed in Table 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 NRTL Predictions of Azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz System from −40 to 140° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 Z-1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Vapor 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Liquid 
                 Liquid 
                 Liquid 
               
               
                 Temp 
                 Pressure 
                 Mol. 
                 Mol. 
                 Mol. 
                 Mol. 
                 Mol. 
                 Mol. 
               
               
                 C. 
                 psi 
                 Frac. 
                 Frac. 
                 Frac. 
                 Frac. 
                 Frac. 
                 Frac. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.353 
                 0.155 
                 0.845 
                 0.155 
                 0.845 
                 0.128 
                 0.872 
               
               
                 −30 
                 0.688 
                 0.137 
                 0.863 
                 0.137 
                 0.863 
                 0.112 
                 0.888 
               
               
                 −20 
                 1.261 
                 0.119 
                 0.881 
                 0.119 
                 0.881 
                 0.097 
                 0.903 
               
               
                 −10 
                 2.189 
                 0.100 
                 0.900 
                 0.100 
                 0.900 
                 0.082 
                 0.918 
               
               
                  0 
                 3.620 
                 0.081 
                 0.919 
                 0.081 
                 0.919 
                 0.066 
                 0.934 
               
               
                  10 
                 5.738 
                 0.062 
                 0.938 
                 0.062 
                 0.938 
                 0.050 
                 0.950 
               
               
                  20 
                 8.763 
                 0.041 
                 0.959 
                 0.041 
                 0.959 
                 0.033 
                 0.967 
               
               
                  30* 
                 12.946 
                 0.021 
                 0.979 
                 0.021 
                 0.979 
                 0.017 
                 0.983 
               
               
                  40 
                 18.573 
                 .2383423-03 
                 1.000 
                 .2383931-03 
                 1.000 
                 .1896429-03 
                 1.000 
               
               
                  50 
                 25.958 
                 .9966856-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1003314-05 
                 1.000 
                 .7981028-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                  60 
                 35.441 
                 .9938676-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1006132-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8003445-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                  70 
                 47.393 
                 .9914575-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1008543-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8022616-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                  80 
                 62.214 
                 .9894430-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1010557-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8038641-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                  90 
                 80.332 
                 .9878218-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1012178-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8051537-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 100 
                 102.215 
                 .9866034-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1013397-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8061229-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 110 
                 128.369 
                 .9858130-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1014187-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8067516-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 120 
                 159.352 
                 .9854973-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1014503-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8070027-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 130 
                 195.782 
                 .9857346-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1014265-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8068140-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 140 
                 238.352 
                 .9866555-06 
                 1.000 
                 .1013345-05 
                 1.000 
                 .8060815-06 
                 1.000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Experimentally measured data. 
               
               
                 The data show that no azeotropes occur above 40° C. and 19 psia. 
               
               
                 The modeled azeotropic composition at 1 atm is displayed in Table 3. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotropic Composition of Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz at 1 atm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
               
               
                 PRES 
                 TEMP 
                 VAPOR 
                 VAPOR 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
               
               
                 (atm) 
                 (° C.) 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
                 wt. frac. 
                 wt. frac. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 33.4 
                 0.014 
                 0.986 
                 0.014 
                 0.986 
                 0.011 
                 0.989 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For purposes of brevity, the listing of the 5010 combinations was edited to reflect increments of 0.10 Z-1233zd liquid molar composition, or the boundaries of near-azeotropic behavior. The resulting summarized listing is presented in Table 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                   
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Pressure 
                 Pressure 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.350 
                 0.350 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.100 
                 0.103 
                 0.900 
                 0.897 
                 0.353 
                 0.353 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.200 
                 0.196 
                 0.800 
                 0.804 
                 0.353 
                 0.353 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.300 
                 0.282 
                 0.700 
                 0.718 
                 0.351 
                 0.350 
                 0.18% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.400 
                 0.364 
                 0.600 
                 0.636 
                 0.347 
                 0.345 
                 0.61% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.500 
                 0.446 
                 0.500 
                 0.554 
                 0.342 
                 0.338 
                 1.30% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.600 
                 0.530 
                 0.400 
                 0.470 
                 0.335 
                 0.328 
                 2.11% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.700 
                 0.621 
                 0.300 
                 0.379 
                 0.326 
                 0.316 
                 2.81% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.800 
                 0.723 
                 0.200 
                 0.277 
                 0.314 
                 0.304 
                 3.04% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.900 
                 0.845 
                 0.100 
                 0.155 
                 0.299 
                 0.292 
                 2.34% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.279 
                 0.279 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.257 
                 1.257 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.100 
                 0.101 
                 0.900 
                 0.899 
                 1.261 
                 1.261 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.200 
                 0.193 
                 0.800 
                 0.807 
                 1.259 
                 1.259 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.300 
                 0.280 
                 0.700 
                 0.720 
                 1.252 
                 1.249 
                 0.21% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.400 
                 0.364 
                 0.600 
                 0.636 
                 1.238 
                 1.231 
                 0.60% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.500 
                 0.448 
                 0.500 
                 0.552 
                 1.219 
                 1.205 
                 1.19% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.600 
                 0.534 
                 0.400 
                 0.466 
                 1.195 
                 1.172 
                 1.87% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.700 
                 0.626 
                 0.300 
                 0.374 
                 1.163 
                 1.134 
                 2.44% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.800 
                 0.729 
                 0.200 
                 0.271 
                 1.123 
                 1.093 
                 2.61% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.900 
                 0.850 
                 0.100 
                 0.150 
                 1.072 
                 1.051 
                 1.99% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.009 
                 1.009 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 3.614 
                 3.614 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.100 
                 0.099 
                 0.900 
                 0.901 
                 3.620 
                 3.619 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.200 
                 0.192 
                 0.800 
                 0.808 
                 3.609 
                 3.607 
                 0.05% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.300 
                 0.279 
                 0.700 
                 0.721 
                 3.584 
                 3.575 
                 0.23% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.400 
                 0.365 
                 0.600 
                 0.635 
                 3.544 
                 3.523 
                 0.58% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.500 
                 0.450 
                 0.500 
                 0.550 
                 3.490 
                 3.452 
                 1.09% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.600 
                 0.538 
                 0.400 
                 0.462 
                 3.420 
                 3.364 
                 1.66% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.700 
                 0.631 
                 0.300 
                 0.369 
                 3.333 
                 3.262 
                 2.13% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.800 
                 0.735 
                 0.200 
                 0.265 
                 3.225 
                 3.152 
                 2.25% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.900 
                 0.854 
                 0.100 
                 0.146 
                 3.090 
                 3.038 
                 1.70% 
               
               
                 0 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 2.922 
                 2.922 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 8.760 
                 8.760 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.100 
                 0.098 
                 0.900 
                 0.902 
                 8.757 
                 8.757 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.200 
                 0.190 
                 0.800 
                 0.810 
                 8.722 
                 8.716 
                 0.07% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.300 
                 0.279 
                 0.700 
                 0.721 
                 8.655 
                 8.634 
                 0.24% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.400 
                 0.365 
                 0.600 
                 0.635 
                 8.557 
                 8.509 
                 0.56% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.500 
                 0.452 
                 0.500 
                 0.548 
                 8.427 
                 8.343 
                 1.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.600 
                 0.542 
                 0.400 
                 0.458 
                 8.262 
                 8.141 
                 1.48% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.700 
                 0.636 
                 0.300 
                 0.364 
                 8.060 
                 7.910 
                 1.86% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.800 
                 0.740 
                 0.200 
                 0.260 
                 7.811 
                 7.660 
                 1.94% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.900 
                 0.859 
                 0.100 
                 0.141 
                 7.508 
                 7.399 
                 1.45% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 7.142 
                 7.139 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 20 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 7.134 
                 7.134 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 18.573 
                 18.573 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.100 
                 0.097 
                 0.900 
                 0.903 
                 18.542 
                 18.540 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.200 
                 0.189 
                 0.800 
                 0.811 
                 18.449 
                 18.434 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.300 
                 0.279 
                 0.700 
                 0.721 
                 18.297 
                 18.251 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.400 
                 0.366 
                 0.600 
                 0.634 
                 18.085 
                 17.988 
                 0.54% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.500 
                 0.455 
                 0.500 
                 0.545 
                 17.812 
                 17.649 
                 0.91% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.600 
                 0.545 
                 0.400 
                 0.455 
                 17.472 
                 17.243 
                 1.31% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.700 
                 0.641 
                 0.300 
                 0.359 
                 17.059 
                 16.782 
                 1.62% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.800 
                 0.745 
                 0.200 
                 0.255 
                 16.560 
                 16.282 
                 1.68% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.900 
                 0.863 
                 0.100 
                 0.137 
                 15.956 
                 15.758 
                 1.24% 
               
               
                 40 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 15.224 
                 15.224 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 35.441 
                 35.441 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.100 
                 0.096 
                 0.900 
                 0.904 
                 35.340 
                 35.334 
                 0.02% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.200 
                 0.189 
                 0.800 
                 0.811 
                 35.135 
                 35.103 
                 0.09% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.300 
                 0.279 
                 0.700 
                 0.721 
                 34.828 
                 34.740 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.400 
                 0.368 
                 0.600 
                 0.632 
                 34.417 
                 34.243 
                 0.51% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.500 
                 0.457 
                 0.500 
                 0.543 
                 33.899 
                 33.617 
                 0.83% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.600 
                 0.549 
                 0.400 
                 0.451 
                 33.265 
                 32.877 
                 1.17% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.700 
                 0.646 
                 0.300 
                 0.354 
                 32.504 
                 32.042 
                 1.42% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.800 
                 0.750 
                 0.200 
                 0.250 
                 31.594 
                 31.137 
                 1.45% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.900 
                 0.866 
                 0.100 
                 0.134 
                 30.510 
                 30.186 
                 1.06% 
               
               
                 60 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 29.212 
                 29.212 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 62.214 
                 62.214 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.100 
                 0.096 
                 0.900 
                 0.904 
                 61.977 
                 61.963 
                 0.02% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.200 
                 0.189 
                 0.800 
                 0.811 
                 61.575 
                 61.513 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.300 
                 0.279 
                 0.700 
                 0.721 
                 61.007 
                 60.855 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.400 
                 0.370 
                 0.600 
                 0.630 
                 60.272 
                 59.986 
                 0.48% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.500 
                 0.460 
                 0.500 
                 0.540 
                 59.364 
                 58.916 
                 0.75% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.600 
                 0.553 
                 0.400 
                 0.447 
                 58.269 
                 57.665 
                 1.04% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.700 
                 0.651 
                 0.300 
                 0.349 
                 56.970 
                 56.262 
                 1.24% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.800 
                 0.755 
                 0.200 
                 0.245 
                 55.439 
                 54.744 
                 1.25% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.900 
                 0.870 
                 0.100 
                 0.130 
                 53.636 
                 53.146 
                 0.91% 
               
               
                 80 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 51.507 
                 51.507 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 102.215 
                 102.215 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.100 
                 0.096 
                 0.900 
                 0.904 
                 101.742 
                 101.715 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.200 
                 0.189 
                 0.800 
                 0.811 
                 101.016 
                 100.911 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.300 
                 0.280 
                 0.700 
                 0.720 
                 100.037 
                 99.794 
                 0.24% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.400 
                 0.372 
                 0.600 
                 0.628 
                 98.802 
                 98.365 
                 0.44% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.500 
                 0.463 
                 0.500 
                 0.537 
                 97.301 
                 96.637 
                 0.68% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.600 
                 0.558 
                 0.400 
                 0.442 
                 95.519 
                 94.641 
                 0.92% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.700 
                 0.656 
                 0.300 
                 0.344 
                 93.431 
                 92.416 
                 1.09% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.800 
                 0.760 
                 0.200 
                 0.240 
                 91.000 
                 90.014 
                 1.08% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.900 
                 0.873 
                 0.100 
                 0.127 
                 88.174 
                 87.486 
                 0.78% 
               
               
                 100 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 84.885 
                 84.885 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 159.352 
                 159.352 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.100 
                 0.096 
                 0.900 
                 0.904 
                 158.501 
                 158.454 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.200 
                 0.190 
                 0.800 
                 0.810 
                 157.272 
                 157.110 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.300 
                 0.282 
                 0.700 
                 0.718 
                 155.667 
                 155.310 
                 0.23% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.400 
                 0.374 
                 0.600 
                 0.626 
                 153.684 
                 153.061 
                 0.40% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.500 
                 0.467 
                 0.500 
                 0.533 
                 151.312 
                 150.389 
                 0.61% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.600 
                 0.562 
                 0.400 
                 0.438 
                 148.534 
                 147.335 
                 0.81% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.700 
                 0.661 
                 0.300 
                 0.339 
                 145.321 
                 143.954 
                 0.94% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.800 
                 0.765 
                 0.200 
                 0.235 
                 141.630 
                 140.315 
                 0.93% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.900 
                 0.877 
                 0.100 
                 0.123 
                 137.400 
                 136.490 
                 0.66% 
               
               
                 120 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 132.550 
                 132.550 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 238.352 
                 238.352 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.100 
                 0.096 
                 0.900 
                 0.904 
                 236.947 
                 236.880 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.200 
                 0.191 
                 0.800 
                 0.809 
                 234.970 
                 234.746 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.300 
                 0.284 
                 0.700 
                 0.716 
                 232.436 
                 231.954 
                 0.21% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.400 
                 0.378 
                 0.600 
                 0.622 
                 229.349 
                 228.528 
                 0.36% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.500 
                 0.472 
                 0.500 
                 0.528 
                 225.710 
                 224.513 
                 0.53% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.600 
                 0.567 
                 0.400 
                 0.433 
                 221.507 
                 219.971 
                 0.69% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.700 
                 0.666 
                 0.300 
                 0.334 
                 216.713 
                 214.983 
                 0.80% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.800 
                 0.770 
                 0.200 
                 0.230 
                 211.288 
                 209.640 
                 0.78% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.900 
                 0.880 
                 0.100 
                 0.120 
                 205.171 
                 204.039 
                 0.55% 
               
               
                 140 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 198.275 
                 198.275 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Near-azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz system at 1 atmosphere pressure were calculated. The results are displayed in Table 5 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/A-1336mzz at 1 Atmosphere 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                   
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 Pressure 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Pressure 
                 Pressure 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 (atm) 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 Z1336mzz 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.100 
                 0.097 
                 0.900 
                 0.903 
                 14.696 
                 14.695 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.200 
                 0.190 
                 0.800 
                 0.810 
                 14.696 
                 14.685 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.300 
                 0.279 
                 0.700 
                 0.721 
                 14.696 
                 14.659 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.400 
                 0.366 
                 0.600 
                 0.634 
                 14.696 
                 14.616 
                 0.54% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.500 
                 0.454 
                 0.500 
                 0.546 
                 14.696 
                 14.559 
                 0.93% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.600 
                 0.545 
                 0.400 
                 0.455 
                 14.696 
                 14.498 
                 1.35% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.700 
                 0.640 
                 0.300 
                 0.360 
                 14.696 
                 14.451 
                 1.67% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.800 
                 0.744 
                 0.200 
                 0.256 
                 14.696 
                 14.444 
                 1.72% 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.900 
                 0.862 
                 0.100 
                 0.138 
                 14.696 
                 14.510 
                 1.26% 
               
               
                 1 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based on these calculations, it has been found that Z-1233zd and Z-1336mzz form azeotropic compositions ranging from about 2.1 mole percent to about 15.5 mole percent Z-1233zd and from about 97.9 mole percent to about 84.5 mole percent Z-1336mzz, which form azeotropic compositions boiling at a temperature of from about −40° C. to about 30° C. and at a pressure of from about 0.3 psia (2.1 kPa) to about 12.9 psia (89 kPa). For example, at about 30° C. and about 12.9 psia (89 kPa), the azeotropic composition comprises about 2.1 mole percent Z-1233zd and about 97.9 mole percent Z-1336mzz. For another example, at about 33.4° C. and about atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 101 kPa), the azeotropic composition comprises about 1.4 mole percent Z-1233zd and about 98.6 mole percent Z-1336mzz. 
     The detailed data in Tables 4 and 5 are broadly summarized in Tables 6 and 7 below. The broad ranges of azeotrope-like compositions (based on [(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦5) are listed in Table 6. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotrope-Like Compositions of Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 −40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 −20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 0 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 60 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 80 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 100 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The 3 percent azeotrope-like compositions are listed in Table 7. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 3% Near-Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 −40 
                  1-75/99-25 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 82-99/18-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 −20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 0 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 60 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 80 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 100 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/Z-1336mzz 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2: Z-1233zd/Isopentane 
     The binary system of Z-1233zd/lsopentane was explored for potential azeotropic and near-azeotropic behavior. To determine the relative volatility of this binary system, the PTx method described above was used. The pressure in a PTx cell of known volume was measured at constant temperature of 29.9° C. for various binary compositions. The collected experimental data are displayed in Table 8 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 VLE Data for the Z-1233zd/Isopentane System 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Pexp 
                 Pcalc 
                 Pcalc − Pexp 
               
               
                 X 2   
                 Y 2   
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 15.72 
                   
                   
               
               
                 0.05 
                 0.07 
                 16.29 
                 16.24 
                 −0.0031 
               
               
                 0.10 
                 0.13 
                 16.68 
                 16.63 
                 −0.0030 
               
               
                 0.17 
                 0.20 
                 17.01 
                 16.97 
                 −0.0025 
               
               
                 0.23 
                 0.25 
                 17.11 
                 17.11 
                 −0.0003 
               
               
                 0.29 
                 0.29 
                 17.14 
                 17.15 
                 0.0006 
               
               
                 0.36 
                 0.33 
                 17.08 
                 17.09 
                 0.0007 
               
               
                 0.43 
                 0.36 
                 16.95 
                 16.95 
                 0.0003 
               
               
                 0.58 
                 0.44 
                 16.36 
                 16.38 
                 0.0013 
               
               
                 0.64 
                 0.48 
                 15.96 
                 15.99 
                 0.0015 
               
               
                 0.70 
                 0.52 
                 15.47 
                 15.50 
                 0.0018 
               
               
                 0.77 
                 0.57 
                 14.85 
                 14.86 
                 0.0010 
               
               
                 0.83 
                 0.64 
                 14.02 
                 14.01 
                 −0.0006 
               
               
                 0.90 
                 0.74 
                 12.96 
                 12.93 
                 −0.0024 
               
               
                 0.95 
                 0.86 
                 11.75 
                 11.72 
                 −0.0030 
               
               
                 1.00 
                 1.00 
                 10.51 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X 2  = liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 Y 2  = vapor mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 P exp  = experimentally measured pressure. 
               
               
                 P calc  = pressure as calculated by NRTL model. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above vapor pressure v. Z-1233zd liquid mole fraction data are plotted in  FIG. 3 . An azeotropic composition is indicated at about 28 mole percent Z-1233zd and 72 mole percent Isopentane, where the curve goes through a maximum. The experimental data points are shown in  FIG. 3  as solid points. The solid line represents bubble point predictions using the NRTL equation (see below). The dashed line represents predicted dew points. 
     Based on these VLE data, interaction coefficients were extracted. The NRTL model was run over the temperature range of −40 to 140 deg. C. in increments of 10 deg. C. allowing pressure to vary such that the azeotropic condition (X 2 ═Y 2 ) was met. The resulting predictions of azeotropes in the Z-1233zd/Isopentane system are displayed in Table 9. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/Isopentane from −40 to 140° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Z1233ZD 
                 IPENTANE 
                 Z1233ZD 
                 IPENTANE 
                 Z1233ZD 
                 IPENTANE 
               
               
                 TEMP 
                 PRESSURE 
                 VAPOR 
                 VAPOR 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
                 (PSI) 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
                 wt. frac. 
                 wt. frac. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.67 
                 0.19 
                 0.81 
                 0.19 
                 0.81 
                 0.30 
                 0.70 
               
               
                 −30 
                 1.22 
                 0.21 
                 0.79 
                 0.21 
                 0.79 
                 0.32 
                 0.68 
               
               
                 −20 
                 2.11 
                 0.22 
                 0.78 
                 0.22 
                 0.78 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
               
               
                 −10 
                 3.47 
                 0.24 
                 0.76 
                 0.24 
                 0.76 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
               
               
                  0 
                 5.45 
                 0.25 
                 0.75 
                 0.25 
                 0.75 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
               
               
                  10 
                 8.27 
                 0.26 
                 0.74 
                 0.26 
                 0.74 
                 0.39 
                 0.61 
               
               
                  20 
                 12.12 
                 0.27 
                 0.73 
                 0.27 
                 0.73 
                 0.40 
                 0.60 
               
               
                   29.9 * 
                 17.21 
                 0.28 
                 0.72 
                 0.28 
                 0.72 
                 0.41 
                 0.59 
               
               
                  30 
                 17.27 
                 0.28 
                 0.72 
                 0.28 
                 0.72 
                 0.41 
                 0.59 
               
               
                  40 
                 23.96 
                 0.29 
                 0.71 
                 0.29 
                 0.71 
                 0.42 
                 0.58 
               
               
                  50 
                 32.48 
                 0.30 
                 0.70 
                 0.30 
                 0.70 
                 0.43 
                 0.57 
               
               
                  60 
                 43.14 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.44 
                 0.56 
               
               
                  70 
                 56.24 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.45 
                 0.55 
               
               
                  80 
                 72.12 
                 0.32 
                 0.68 
                 0.32 
                 0.68 
                 0.46 
                 0.54 
               
               
                  90 
                 91.14 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.47 
                 0.53 
               
               
                 100 
                 113.66 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.47 
                 0.53 
               
               
                 110 
                 140.10 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.48 
                 0.52 
               
               
                 120 
                 170.89 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.49 
                 0.51 
               
               
                 130 
                 206.55 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 140 
                 247.71 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 * Experimentally measured data 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The model was used to predict azeotropes over a pressure range of 1-31 atm at 1 atm increments, the results of which are displayed in Table 10. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/Isopentane from 1 to 31 Atm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Z1233ZD 
                 IPENTANE 
                 Z1233ZD 
                 IPENTANE 
                 Z1233ZD 
                 IPENTANE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 VAPOR 
                 VAPOR 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
               
               
                 PRES 
                 TEMP 
                 MOL- 
                 MOL- 
                 MOL- 
                 MOL- 
                 WT- 
                 WT- 
               
               
                 ATM 
                 C. 
                 FRAC 
                 FRAC 
                 FRAC 
                 FRAC 
                 FRAC 
                 FRAC 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 25.35 
                 0.28 
                 0.72 
                 0.28 
                 0.72 
                 0.41 
                 0.59 
               
               
                 2 
                 46.64 
                 0.29 
                 0.71 
                 0.29 
                 0.71 
                 0.43 
                 0.57 
               
               
                 3 
                 60.80 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.44 
                 0.56 
               
               
                 4 
                 71.73 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.31 
                 0.69 
                 0.45 
                 0.55 
               
               
                 5 
                 80.77 
                 0.32 
                 0.68 
                 0.32 
                 0.68 
                 0.46 
                 0.54 
               
               
                 6 
                 88.55 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.47 
                 0.53 
               
               
                 7 
                 95.41 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.47 
                 0.53 
               
               
                 8 
                 101.58 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.33 
                 0.67 
                 0.48 
                 0.52 
               
               
                 9 
                 107.20 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.48 
                 0.52 
               
               
                 10 
                 112.36 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.48 
                 0.52 
               
               
                 11 
                 117.15 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.34 
                 0.66 
                 0.49 
                 0.51 
               
               
                 12 
                 121.63 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.49 
                 0.51 
               
               
                 13 
                 125.83 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.49 
                 0.51 
               
               
                 14 
                 129.79 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 15 
                 133.54 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.35 
                 0.65 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 16 
                 137.09 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 17 
                 140.48 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 18 
                 143.71 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.51 
                 0.49 
               
               
                 19 
                 146.79 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.36 
                 0.64 
                 0.51 
                 0.49 
               
               
                 20 
                 149.74 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.51 
                 0.49 
               
               
                 21 
                 152.57 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.51 
                 0.49 
               
               
                 22 
                 155.27 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.52 
                 0.48 
               
               
                 23 
                 157.86 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.52 
                 0.48 
               
               
                 24 
                 160.33 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.37 
                 0.63 
                 0.52 
                 0.48 
               
               
                 25 
                 162.67 
                 0.38 
                 0.62 
                 0.38 
                 0.62 
                 0.52 
                 0.48 
               
               
                 26 
                 165.41 
                 0.38 
                 0.62 
                 0.38 
                 0.62 
                 0.53 
                 0.47 
               
               
                 27 
                 168.28 
                 0.38 
                 0.62 
                 0.38 
                 0.62 
                 0.53 
                 0.47 
               
               
                 28 
                 171.15 
                 0.39 
                 0.61 
                 0.39 
                 0.61 
                 0.53 
                 0.47 
               
               
                 29 
                 173.99 
                 0.39 
                 0.61 
                 0.39 
                 0.61 
                 0.54 
                 0.46 
               
               
                 30 
                 176.79 
                 0.40 
                 0.60 
                 0.40 
                 0.60 
                 0.54 
                 0.46 
               
               
                 31 
                 179.56 
                 0.40 
                 0.60 
                 0.40 
                 0.60 
                 0.55 
                 0.45 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The model was run over a temperature range from −40 to 140 deg. C. in 20 deg. increments, and also at 29.9 deg. for the purpose of comparison to experimentally measured results. At each temperature, the model was run over the full range from 0 to 1 of Z-1233zd liquid molar composition in increments of 0.002. Thus the model was run at a total of 5511 combinations of temperature and Z-1233zd liquid molar composition (11×501=5511). Among those 5511 combinations, some qualify as azeotropic or near-azeotropic, and it is these combinations that Applicant claims. For purposes of brevity, the listing of the 5511 combinations was edited to reflect increments of 0.10 Z-1233zd liquid molar composition, or the boundaries of near-azeotropic behavior. The resulting summarized listing is presented in Table 11. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/Isopentane from −40 to 140° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 LIQUID 
                 VAPOR 
                 LIQUID 
                 VAPOR 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                   
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 TEMP 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Pressure 
                 Pressure 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 C. 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Ipentane 
                 Ipentane 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 0.627 
                 0.627 
                 0.13% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.010 
                 0.021 
                 0.990 
                 0.979 
                 0.633 
                 0.629 
                 0.58% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.100 
                 0.135 
                 0.900 
                 0.865 
                 0.666 
                 0.657 
                 1.25% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.200 
                 0.197 
                 0.800 
                 0.803 
                 0.672 
                 0.672 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.300 
                 0.237 
                 0.700 
                 0.763 
                 0.667 
                 0.640 
                 4.05% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.310 
                 0.240 
                 0.690 
                 0.760 
                 0.667 
                 0.634 
                 4.86% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.312 
                 0.241 
                 0.688 
                 0.759 
                 0.666 
                 0.633 
                 5.03% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 1.953 
                 1.951 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.100 
                 0.140 
                 0.900 
                 0.860 
                 2.077 
                 2.046 
                 1.50% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.200 
                 0.211 
                 0.800 
                 0.789 
                 2.109 
                 2.107 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.300 
                 0.258 
                 0.700 
                 0.742 
                 2.102 
                 2.071 
                 1.51% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.360 
                 0.282 
                 0.640 
                 0.718 
                 2.087 
                 1.984 
                 4.94% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.362 
                 0.283 
                 0.638 
                 0.717 
                 2.087 
                 1.981 
                 5.08% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.400 
                 0.297 
                 0.600 
                 0.703 
                 2.073 
                 1.908 
                 7.96% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 5.021 
                 5.016 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.100 
                 0.141 
                 0.900 
                 0.859 
                 5.339 
                 5.254 
                 1.59% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.200 
                 0.220 
                 0.800 
                 0.780 
                 5.443 
                 5.426 
                 0.32% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.300 
                 0.275 
                 0.700 
                 0.725 
                 5.444 
                 5.418 
                 0.48% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.400 
                 0.320 
                 0.600 
                 0.680 
                 5.383 
                 5.141 
                 4.49% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.408 
                 0.324 
                 0.592 
                 0.676 
                 5.376 
                 5.110 
                 4.95% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.410 
                 0.325 
                 0.590 
                 0.675 
                 5.374 
                 5.102 
                 5.07% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.984 
                 0.925 
                 0.016 
                 0.075 
                 3.111 
                 2.961 
                 4.83% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 11.132 
                 11.122 
                 0.09% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.100 
                 0.141 
                 0.900 
                 0.859 
                 11.815 
                 11.632 
                 1.54% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.200 
                 0.226 
                 0.800 
                 0.774 
                 12.080 
                 12.021 
                 0.49% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.300 
                 0.287 
                 0.700 
                 0.713 
                 12.116 
                 12.102 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.400 
                 0.339 
                 0.600 
                 0.661 
                 12.009 
                 11.711 
                 2.48% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.456 
                 0.366 
                 0.544 
                 0.634 
                 11.896 
                 11.308 
                 4.94% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.458 
                 0.367 
                 0.542 
                 0.633 
                 11.891 
                 11.292 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.976 
                 0.913 
                 0.024 
                 0.087 
                 7.645 
                 7.268 
                 4.93% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 15.791 
                 15.778 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.100 
                 0.140 
                 0.900 
                 0.860 
                 16.737 
                 16.487 
                 1.49% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.200 
                 0.227 
                 0.800 
                 0.773 
                 17.129 
                 17.036 
                 0.54% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.300 
                 0.292 
                 0.700 
                 0.708 
                 17.202 
                 17.195 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.400 
                 0.347 
                 0.600 
                 0.653 
                 17.068 
                 16.753 
                 1.85% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.480 
                 0.388 
                 0.520 
                 0.612 
                 16.836 
                 16.008 
                 4.92% 
               
               
                 29.9 
                 0.482 
                 0.389 
                 0.518 
                 0.611 
                 16.829 
                 15.986 
                 5.01% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 21.983 
                 21.966 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.100 
                 0.139 
                 0.900 
                 0.861 
                 23.263 
                 22.932 
                 1.42% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.200 
                 0.228 
                 0.800 
                 0.772 
                 23.826 
                 23.688 
                 0.58% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.300 
                 0.296 
                 0.700 
                 0.704 
                 23.955 
                 23.952 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.400 
                 0.354 
                 0.600 
                 0.646 
                 23.793 
                 23.469 
                 1.36% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.500 
                 0.409 
                 0.500 
                 0.591 
                 23.388 
                 22.291 
                 4.69% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.506 
                 0.412 
                 0.494 
                 0.588 
                 23.355 
                 22.205 
                 4.93% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.508 
                 0.413 
                 0.492 
                 0.587 
                 23.345 
                 22.176 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.510 
                 0.415 
                 0.490 
                 0.585 
                 23.334 
                 22.148 
                 5.08% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.966 
                 0.901 
                 0.034 
                 0.099 
                 16.393 
                 15.609 
                 4.79% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 39.610 
                 39.585 
                 0.06% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.100 
                 0.135 
                 0.900 
                 0.865 
                 41.773 
                 41.246 
                 1.26% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.200 
                 0.229 
                 0.800 
                 0.771 
                 42.822 
                 42.563 
                 0.61% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.300 
                 0.302 
                 0.700 
                 0.698 
                 43.135 
                 43.134 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.400 
                 0.365 
                 0.600 
                 0.635 
                 42.923 
                 42.605 
                 0.74% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.500 
                 0.426 
                 0.500 
                 0.574 
                 42.269 
                 40.978 
                 3.06% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.564 
                 0.467 
                 0.436 
                 0.533 
                 41.617 
                 39.545 
                 4.98% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.566 
                 0.468 
                 0.434 
                 0.532 
                 41.593 
                 39.497 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.948 
                 0.877 
                 0.052 
                 0.123 
                 31.834 
                 30.279 
                 4.88% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 66.334 
                 66.300 
                 0.05% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.100 
                 0.132 
                 0.900 
                 0.868 
                 69.706 
                 68.950 
                 1.08% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.200 
                 0.228 
                 0.800 
                 0.772 
                 71.481 
                 71.063 
                 0.58% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.300 
                 0.306 
                 0.700 
                 0.694 
                 72.107 
                 72.091 
                 0.02% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.400 
                 0.375 
                 0.600 
                 0.625 
                 71.872 
                 71.586 
                 0.40% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.500 
                 0.441 
                 0.500 
                 0.559 
                 70.898 
                 69.493 
                 1.98% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.600 
                 0.511 
                 0.400 
                 0.489 
                 69.185 
                 66.263 
                 4.22% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.634 
                 0.536 
                 0.366 
                 0.464 
                 68.420 
                 65.016 
                 4.98% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.636 
                 0.538 
                 0.364 
                 0.462 
                 68.372 
                 64.941 
                 5.02% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.916 
                 0.838 
                 0.084 
                 0.162 
                 57.223 
                 54.375 
                 4.98% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 104.736 
                 104.693 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.100 
                 0.128 
                 0.900 
                 0.872 
                 109.686 
                 108.688 
                 0.91% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.200 
                 0.226 
                 0.800 
                 0.774 
                 112.478 
                 111.876 
                 0.54% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.300 
                 0.308 
                 0.700 
                 0.692 
                 113.596 
                 113.547 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.400 
                 0.382 
                 0.600 
                 0.618 
                 113.392 
                 113.157 
                 0.21% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.500 
                 0.454 
                 0.500 
                 0.546 
                 112.032 
                 110.607 
                 1.27% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.600 
                 0.528 
                 0.400 
                 0.472 
                 109.541 
                 106.365 
                 2.90% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.700 
                 0.611 
                 0.300 
                 0.389 
                 105.827 
                 101.155 
                 4.41% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.768 
                 0.675 
                 0.232 
                 0.325 
                 102.507 
                 97.388 
                 4.99% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.770 
                 0.677 
                 0.230 
                 0.323 
                 102.398 
                 97.276 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.772 
                 0.679 
                 0.228 
                 0.321 
                 102.289 
                 97.165 
                 5.01% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.822 
                 0.733 
                 0.178 
                 0.267 
                 99.347 
                 94.379 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.900 
                 0.832 
                 0.100 
                 0.168 
                 93.846 
                 90.109 
                 3.98% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 85.088 
                 84.986 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 157.677 
                 157.626 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.100 
                 0.124 
                 0.900 
                 0.876 
                 164.647 
                 163.414 
                 0.75% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.200 
                 0.223 
                 0.800 
                 0.777 
                 168.841 
                 168.038 
                 0.48% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.300 
                 0.309 
                 0.700 
                 0.691 
                 170.701 
                 170.597 
                 0.06% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.400 
                 0.388 
                 0.600 
                 0.612 
                 170.626 
                 170.455 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.500 
                 0.465 
                 0.500 
                 0.535 
                 168.827 
                 167.475 
                 0.80% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.600 
                 0.544 
                 0.400 
                 0.456 
                 165.374 
                 162.144 
                 1.95% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.700 
                 0.630 
                 0.300 
                 0.370 
                 160.213 
                 155.298 
                 3.07% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.800 
                 0.728 
                 0.200 
                 0.272 
                 153.193 
                 147.735 
                 3.56% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.900 
                 0.847 
                 0.100 
                 0.153 
                 144.076 
                 140.035 
                 2.80% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.998 
                 0.996 
                 0.002 
                 0.004 
                 132.807 
                 132.696 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 228.374 
                 228.316 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.100 
                 0.119 
                 0.900 
                 0.881 
                 238.024 
                 236.560 
                 0.61% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.200 
                 0.220 
                 0.800 
                 0.780 
                 244.221 
                 243.196 
                 0.42% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.300 
                 0.309 
                 0.700 
                 0.691 
                 247.249 
                 247.061 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.400 
                 0.393 
                 0.600 
                 0.607 
                 247.489 
                 247.384 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.500 
                 0.474 
                 0.500 
                 0.526 
                 245.203 
                 244.000 
                 0.49% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.600 
                 0.558 
                 0.400 
                 0.442 
                 240.547 
                 237.459 
                 1.28% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.700 
                 0.647 
                 0.300 
                 0.353 
                 233.582 
                 228.738 
                 2.07% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.800 
                 0.746 
                 0.200 
                 0.254 
                 224.285 
                 218.830 
                 2.43% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.900 
                 0.861 
                 0.100 
                 0.139 
                 212.565 
                 208.505 
                 1.91% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.998 
                 0.997 
                 0.002 
                 0.003 
                 198.587 
                 198.477 
                 0.06% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based upon these calculations, it has been found that an azeotropic composition of 19 mole percent Z-1233zd and 81 mole percent Isopentane is formed at −40° C. and 0.7 psia (4.8 kPa), and an azeotropic composition of 36 mole percent Z-1233zd and 64 mole percent Isopentane is formed at 140° C. and 248 psia (1710 kPa). Accordingly, the present invention provides an azeotropic composition of from about 19 to about 36 mole percent Z-1233zd and from about 81 to about 64 mole percent Isopentane, said composition having a boiling point of from about 140° C. at about 248 psia (1710 kPa) to about −40° C. at about 0.7 psia (4.8 kPa). For example, at 25.3° C. and atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 101 kPa) the azeotropic composition is 27.6 mole percent Z-1233zd and 72.4 mole percent Isopentane. Based upon these calculations, it has been found that azeotrope-like compositions of from about 1 to about 99 mole percent Z-1233zd and from about 99 to about 1 mole percent Isopentane are formed. 
     The detailed data in Table 11 are broadly summarized in Table 12 below. The broad ranges of azeotrope-like compositions (based on [(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦5), and Compositions that meet the 3% near-azeotropic criterion ([(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦3) are listed in Table 12. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotrope-Like Mixtures of Z-1233zd and Isopentane 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Mole Percent Range 
                 Mole Percent Range 
               
               
                 T (° C.) 
                 (5% basis) 
                 (3% basis) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 1-31/99-69 
                 1-28/99-72 
               
               
                 −20 
                 1-36/99-64 
                 1-33/99-67 
               
               
                 0 
                 1-40/99-60 
                 1-37/99-63 
               
               
                 20 
                 1-45/99-55 
                 1-42/99-58 
               
               
                 40 
                 1-50/99-50 
                 1-45/99-55 
               
               
                 60 
                 1-56/99-44 
                 1-49/99-51 
               
               
                   
                   
                 98-99/2-1   
               
               
                 80 
                 1-63/99-37 
                 1-55/99-45 
               
               
                   
                   
                 96-99/4-1   
               
               
                 100 
                 1-77/99-23 
                 1-60/99-40 
               
               
                   
                   
                 94-99/6-1   
               
               
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1  
                 1-69/99-31 
               
               
                   
                   
                 89-99/11-1  
               
               
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1  
                 1-99/99-1  
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 3: Z-1233zd/E-1438ezv 
     The binary system of Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy was explored for potential azeotropic and near-azeotropic behavior. To determine the relative volatility of this binary system, the PTx method described above was used. The pressure in a PTx cell of known volume was measured at constant temperature of 29.9° C. for various binary compositions. The collected experimental data are displayed in Table 13 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 VLE Data for Z-1233zd/1438ezy System at 29.9° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Pexp 
                 X 2   
                 Y 2   
               
               
                 (psia) 
                 mol. frac. 
                 mol. frac. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 14.47 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                 14.64 
                 0.058 
                 0.066 
               
               
                 14.74 
                 0.118 
                 0.127 
               
               
                 14.79 
                 0.184 
                 0.187 
               
               
                 14.77 
                 0.255 
                 0.245 
               
               
                 14.66 
                 0.344 
                 0.313 
               
               
                 14.51 
                 0.415 
                 0.365 
               
               
                 14.30 
                 0.489 
                 0.418 
               
               
                 13.75 
                 0.632 
                 0.527 
               
               
                 13.43 
                 0.692 
                 0.576 
               
               
                 13.08 
                 0.747 
                 0.628 
               
               
                 12.65 
                 0.806 
                 0.689 
               
               
                 12.16 
                 0.862 
                 0.758 
               
               
                 11.61 
                 0.915 
                 0.835 
               
               
                 11.05 
                 0.962 
                 0.918 
               
               
                 10.52 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X 2  = liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 Y 2  = vapor mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 P exp  = experimentally measured pressure. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above vapor pressure v. Z-1233zd liquid mole fraction data are plotted in  FIG. 4 . An azeotropic composition is indicated at about 23.5 mole percent Z-1233zd and about 76.5 mole percent E-1438ezy, where the curve goes through a maximum. The experimental data points are shown in  FIG. 4  as solid points. The solid line represents bubble point predictions using the NRTL equation (see below). The dashed line represents predicted dew points. 
     Based on these VLE data, interaction coefficients were extracted. The NRTL model was run over the temperature range of −40 to 140 deg. C. in increments of 10 deg. C. allowing pressure to vary such that the azeotropic condition (X 2 ═Y 2 ) was met. The resulting predictions of azeotropes in the Z-1233zd/1438ezy system are displayed in Table 14. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/1438ezy from −40 to 140° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1438ezy 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1438ezy 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1438ezy 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Vapor 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Liquid 
                 Liquid 
                 Liquid 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 Press. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 wt. 
                 wt. 
               
               
                 ° C. 
                 (psia) 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.4 
                 0.288 
                 0.712 
                 0.288 
                 0.712 
                 0.198 
                 0.802 
               
               
                 −30 
                 0.8 
                 0.281 
                 0.719 
                 0.281 
                 0.719 
                 0.192 
                 0.808 
               
               
                 −20 
                 1.5 
                 0.273 
                 0.727 
                 0.273 
                 0.727 
                 0.187 
                 0.813 
               
               
                 −10 
                 2.5 
                 0.266 
                 0.734 
                 0.266 
                 0.734 
                 0.181 
                 0.819 
               
               
                  0 
                 4.1 
                 0.258 
                 0.742 
                 0.258 
                 0.742 
                 0.175 
                 0.825 
               
               
                  10 
                 6.5 
                 0.251 
                 0.749 
                 0.251 
                 0.749 
                 0.169 
                 0.831 
               
               
                  20 
                 9.9 
                 0.243 
                 0.757 
                 0.243 
                 0.757 
                 0.163 
                 0.837 
               
               
                   29.9 * 
                 14.8 
                 0.235 
                 0.765 
                 0.235 
                 0.765 
                 0.158 
                 0.842 
               
               
                  40 
                 20.6 
                 0.226 
                 0.774 
                 0.226 
                 0.774 
                 0.151 
                 0.849 
               
               
                  50 
                 28.6 
                 0.218 
                 0.782 
                 0.218 
                 0.782 
                 0.145 
                 0.855 
               
               
                  60 
                 38.8 
                 0.209 
                 0.791 
                 0.209 
                 0.791 
                 0.139 
                 0.861 
               
               
                  70 
                 51.5 
                 0.200 
                 0.800 
                 0.200 
                 0.800 
                 0.132 
                 0.868 
               
               
                  80 
                 67.2 
                 0.190 
                 0.810 
                 0.190 
                 0.810 
                 0.125 
                 0.875 
               
               
                  90 
                 86.3 
                 0.180 
                 0.820 
                 0.180 
                 0.820 
                 0.118 
                 0.882 
               
               
                 100 
                 109.3 
                 0.170 
                 0.830 
                 0.170 
                 0.830 
                 0.111 
                 0.889 
               
               
                 110 
                 136.6 
                 0.159 
                 0.841 
                 0.159 
                 0.841 
                 0.103 
                 0.897 
               
               
                 120 
                 168.8 
                 0.148 
                 0.852 
                 0.148 
                 0.852 
                 0.096 
                 0.904 
               
               
                 130 
                 206.6 
                 0.138 
                 0.862 
                 0.138 
                 0.862 
                 0.089 
                 0.911 
               
               
                 140 
                 250.8 
                 0.129 
                 0.871 
                 0.129 
                 0.871 
                 0.083 
                 0.917 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 * Experimentally measured data 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The predicted azeotropes over a pressure range of 1-22 atm at 1 atm increments are displayed in Table 15. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/1438ezy from 1 to 22 Atm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Z1233ZD 
                 E1438EZY 
                 Z1233ZD 
                 E1438EZY 
                 Z1233ZD 
                 E1438EZY 
               
               
                   
                   
                 VAPOR 
                 VAPOR 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
                 LIQUID 
               
               
                 Press. 
                 Temp 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 wt. 
                 wt. 
               
               
                 atm 
                 C. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 30.4 
                 0.234 
                 0.766 
                 0.234 
                 0.766 
                 0.157 
                 0.843 
               
               
                 2 
                 50.9 
                 0.217 
                 0.783 
                 0.217 
                 0.783 
                 0.145 
                 0.855 
               
               
                 3 
                 64.4 
                 0.205 
                 0.795 
                 0.205 
                 0.795 
                 0.136 
                 0.864 
               
               
                 4 
                 74.9 
                 0.195 
                 0.805 
                 0.195 
                 0.805 
                 0.129 
                 0.871 
               
               
                 5 
                 83.5 
                 0.187 
                 0.813 
                 0.187 
                 0.813 
                 0.123 
                 0.877 
               
               
                 6 
                 90.9 
                 0.179 
                 0.821 
                 0.179 
                 0.821 
                 0.117 
                 0.883 
               
               
                 7 
                 97.4 
                 0.172 
                 0.828 
                 0.172 
                 0.828 
                 0.113 
                 0.887 
               
               
                 8 
                 103.2 
                 0.166 
                 0.834 
                 0.166 
                 0.834 
                 0.108 
                 0.892 
               
               
                 9 
                 108.5 
                 0.160 
                 0.840 
                 0.160 
                 0.840 
                 0.104 
                 0.896 
               
               
                 10 
                 113.4 
                 0.155 
                 0.845 
                 0.155 
                 0.845 
                 0.101 
                 0.899 
               
               
                 11 
                 117.9 
                 0.150 
                 0.850 
                 0.150 
                 0.850 
                 0.097 
                 0.903 
               
               
                 12 
                 122.1 
                 0.146 
                 0.854 
                 0.146 
                 0.854 
                 0.094 
                 0.906 
               
               
                 13 
                 126.1 
                 0.142 
                 0.858 
                 0.142 
                 0.858 
                 0.091 
                 0.909 
               
               
                 14 
                 129.8 
                 0.138 
                 0.862 
                 0.138 
                 0.862 
                 0.089 
                 0.911 
               
               
                 15 
                 133.3 
                 0.135 
                 0.865 
                 0.135 
                 0.865 
                 0.087 
                 0.913 
               
               
                 16 
                 136.6 
                 0.132 
                 0.868 
                 0.132 
                 0.868 
                 0.085 
                 0.915 
               
               
                 17 
                 139.8 
                 0.129 
                 0.871 
                 0.129 
                 0.871 
                 0.083 
                 0.917 
               
               
                 18 
                 142.8 
                 0.127 
                 0.873 
                 0.127 
                 0.873 
                 0.082 
                 0.918 
               
               
                 19 
                 145.7 
                 0.126 
                 0.874 
                 0.126 
                 0.874 
                 0.081 
                 0.919 
               
               
                 20 
                 148.5 
                 0.125 
                 0.875 
                 0.125 
                 0.875 
                 0.080 
                 0.920 
               
               
                 21 
                 151.1 
                 0.125 
                 0.875 
                 0.125 
                 0.875 
                 0.080 
                 0.920 
               
               
                 22 
                 153.7 
                 0.126 
                 0.874 
                 0.126 
                 0.874 
                 0.081 
                 0.919 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The model was run over a temperature range from −40 to 140 deg. C. in 20 deg. increments. At each temperature, the model was run over the full range from 0 to 1 of Z1233zd liquid molar composition in increments of 0.002. Thus the model was run at a total of 5010 combinations of temperature and Z-1233zd liquid molar composition (10×501=5010). Among those 5010 combinations, some qualify as azeotropic or near-azeotropic, and it is these combinations that Applicant claims. For purposes of brevity, the listing of the 5010 combinations was edited to reflect increments of 0.1 Z-1233zd liquid molar composition, or the boundaries of near-azeotropic behavior. The resulting summarized listing is presented in Table 16. 
                     TABLE 16                  Near-Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy from −40 to 140° C.                                                 Liquid   Vapor   Liquid   Vapor   Bubble   Dew   [(BP −       Temp.   mol.   mol.   mol.   mol.   Point   Point   DP)/       deg.   frac.   frac.   frac.   frac.   Pressure   Pressure   BP] ×       C.   Z1233zd   Z1233zd   E1438ezy   E1438ezy   (psia)   (psia)   100                                                     −40   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   0.389   0.389   0.00%       −40   0.100   0.131   0.900   0.869   0.407   0.403   0.90%       −40   0.200   0.223   0.800   0.777   0.415   0.413   0.36%       −40   0.300   0.296   0.700   0.704   0.417   0.417   0.01%       −40   0.400   0.360   0.600   0.640   0.414   0.410   0.91%       −40   0.500   0.420   0.500   0.580   0.408   0.394   3.32%       −40   0.552   0.452   0.448   0.548   0.403   0.383   4.96%       −40   0.554   0.453   0.446   0.547   0.403   0.383   5.02%       −40   0.960   0.888   0.040   0.112   0.302   0.287   5.05%       −40   0.962   0.893   0.038   0.107   0.301   0.287   4.85%       −40   0.970   0.913   0.030   0.087   0.297   0.285   4.01%       −40   0.980   0.939   0.020   0.061   0.291   0.283   2.84%       −40   0.990   0.968   0.010   0.032   0.285   0.281   1.51%       −40   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   0.279   0.279   0.00%       −20   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   1.391   1.391   0.00%       −20   0.100   0.124   0.900   0.876   1.441   1.432   0.58%       −20   0.200   0.217   0.800   0.783   1.463   1.460   0.19%       −20   0.300   0.292   0.700   0.708   1.467   1.466   0.03%       −20   0.400   0.359   0.600   0.641   1.456   1.443   0.90%       −20   0.500   0.423   0.500   0.577   1.434   1.391   2.96%       −20   0.574   0.472   0.426   0.528   1.408   1.339   4.96%       −20   0.576   0.473   0.424   0.527   1.408   1.337   5.02%       −20   0.948   0.872   0.052   0.128   1.100   1.044   5.07%       −20   0.950   0.876   0.050   0.124   1.097   1.043   4.93%       −20   0.960   0.897   0.040   0.103   1.081   1.036   4.16%       −20   0.970   0.920   0.030   0.080   1.064   1.029   3.29%       −20   0.980   0.945   0.020   0.055   1.046   1.022   2.32%       −20   0.990   0.972   0.010   0.028   1.028   1.015   1.23%       −20   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   1.009   1.009   0.00%       0   0.100   0.119   0.900   0.881   4.088   4.073   0.36%       0   0.200   0.212   0.800   0.788   4.138   4.134   0.09%       0   0.300   0.290   0.700   0.710   4.142   4.139   0.06%       0   0.400   0.360   0.600   0.640   4.109   4.073   0.86%       0   0.500   0.427   0.500   0.573   4.042   3.937   2.61%       0   0.600   0.497   0.400   0.503   3.942   3.750   4.88%       0   0.604   0.500   0.396   0.500   3.937   3.741   4.97%       0   0.606   0.502   0.394   0.498   3.934   3.737   5.01%       0   0.932   0.852   0.068   0.148   3.213   3.051   5.04%       0   0.934   0.855   0.066   0.145   3.206   3.047   4.94%       0   0.940   0.866   0.060   0.134   3.183   3.036   4.62%       0   0.950   0.886   0.050   0.114   3.144   3.016   4.04%       0   0.960   0.906   0.040   0.094   3.103   2.997   3.40%       0   0.970   0.927   0.030   0.073   3.060   2.978   2.68%       0   0.980   0.950   0.020   0.050   3.016   2.959   1.88%       0   0.990   0.974   0.010   0.026   2.970   2.941   0.99%       0   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   2.922   2.922   0.00%       20   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   9.561   9.561   0.00%       20   0.100   0.114   0.900   0.886   9.778   9.756   0.22%       20   0.200   0.207   0.800   0.793   9.869   9.865   0.04%       20   0.300   0.287   0.700   0.713   9.863   9.854   0.09%       20   0.400   0.361   0.600   0.639   9.777   9.698   0.81%       20   0.500   0.432   0.500   0.568   9.617   9.399   2.27%       20   0.600   0.505   0.400   0.495   9.380   8.992   4.14%       20   0.646   0.541   0.354   0.459   9.242   8.782   4.98%       20   0.648   0.543   0.352   0.457   9.235   8.772   5.01%       20   0.906   0.820   0.094   0.180   7.949   7.548   5.05%       20   0.908   0.823   0.092   0.177   7.934   7.539   4.99%       20   0.910   0.826   0.090   0.174   7.920   7.530   4.92%       20   0.920   0.842   0.080   0.158   7.844   7.484   4.58%       20   0.930   0.859   0.070   0.141   7.766   7.440   4.20%       20   0.940   0.876   0.060   0.124   7.685   7.395   3.77%       20   0.950   0.894   0.050   0.106   7.601   7.351   3.29%       20   0.960   0.913   0.040   0.087   7.514   7.307   2.76%       20   0.970   0.933   0.030   0.067   7.424   7.263   2.17%       20   0.980   0.954   0.020   0.046   7.331   7.219   1.52%       20   0.990   0.977   0.010   0.023   7.234   7.176   0.80%       20   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   7.134   7.134   0.00%       40   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   20.108   20.108   0.00%       40   0.100   0.111   0.900   0.889   20.471   20.443   0.13%       40   0.200   0.204   0.800   0.796   20.611   20.609   0.01%       40   0.300   0.286   0.700   0.714   20.573   20.550   0.11%       40   0.400   0.362   0.600   0.638   20.381   20.228   0.75%       40   0.500   0.437   0.500   0.563   20.044   19.651   1.96%       40   0.600   0.514   0.400   0.486   19.556   18.873   3.49%       40   0.700   0.598   0.300   0.402   18.892   17.977   4.85%       40   0.714   0.610   0.286   0.390   18.783   17.846   4.99%       40   0.716   0.612   0.284   0.388   18.767   17.828   5.01%       40   0.858   0.765   0.142   0.235   17.367   16.496   5.01%       40   0.860   0.768   0.140   0.232   17.342   16.477   4.99%       40   0.870   0.781   0.130   0.219   17.219   16.385   4.85%       40   0.880   0.794   0.120   0.206   17.093   16.293   4.68%       40   0.890   0.808   0.110   0.192   16.962   16.201   4.49%       40   0.900   0.822   0.100   0.178   16.827   16.110   4.27%       40   0.910   0.837   0.090   0.163   16.689   16.019   4.01%       40   0.920   0.853   0.080   0.147   16.546   15.929   3.73%       40   0.930   0.869   0.070   0.131   16.398   15.839   3.41%       40   0.940   0.885   0.060   0.115   16.246   15.749   3.06%       40   0.950   0.902   0.050   0.098   16.089   15.660   2.66%       40   0.960   0.920   0.040   0.080   15.927   15.572   2.23%       40   0.970   0.939   0.030   0.061   15.759   15.484   1.75%       40   0.980   0.958   0.020   0.042   15.587   15.397   1.22%       40   0.990   0.979   0.010   0.021   15.408   15.310   0.64%       40   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   15.224   15.224   0.00%       60   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   38.055   38.055   0.00%       60   0.100   0.108   0.900   0.892   38.601   38.572   0.08%       60   0.200   0.201   0.800   0.799   38.786   38.786   0.00%       60   0.300   0.285   0.700   0.715   38.670   38.619   0.13%       60   0.400   0.364   0.600   0.636   38.286   38.023   0.69%       60   0.500   0.442   0.500   0.558   37.647   37.012   1.69%       60   0.600   0.522   0.400   0.478   36.742   35.668   2.92%       60   0.700   0.609   0.300   0.391   35.536   34.111   4.01%       60   0.800   0.709   0.200   0.291   33.963   32.462   4.42%       60   0.900   0.833   0.100   0.167   31.911   30.809   3.45%       60   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   29.212   29.212   0.00%       80   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   66.281   66.281   0.00%       80   0.100   0.105   0.900   0.895   67.030   67.004   0.04%       80   0.200   0.199   0.800   0.801   67.231   67.230   0.00%       80   0.400   0.366   0.600   0.634   66.251   65.835   0.63%       80   0.500   0.447   0.500   0.553   65.131   64.188   1.45%       80   0.600   0.530   0.400   0.470   63.583   62.032   2.44%       80   0.700   0.620   0.300   0.380   61.561   59.533   3.29%       80   0.800   0.721   0.200   0.279   58.978   56.861   3.59%       80   0.900   0.843   0.100   0.157   55.696   54.154   2.77%       80   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   51.507   51.507   0.00%       100   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   108.118   108.118   0.00%       100   0.100   0.103   0.900   0.897   109.072   109.053   0.02%       100   0.200   0.197   0.800   0.803   109.222   109.215   0.01%       100   0.300   0.285   0.700   0.715   108.657   108.487   0.16%       100   0.400   0.369   0.600   0.631   107.436   106.822   0.57%       100   0.500   0.453   0.500   0.547   105.582   104.274   1.24%       100   0.600   0.539   0.400   0.461   103.084   100.999   2.02%       100   0.700   0.630   0.300   0.370   99.893   97.214   2.68%       100   0.800   0.733   0.200   0.267   95.911   93.146   2.88%       100   0.900   0.852   0.100   0.148   90.983   88.990   2.19%       100   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   84.885   84.885   0.00%       120   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   167.501   167.501   0.00%       120   0.100   0.102   0.900   0.898   168.652   168.640   0.01%       120   0.200   0.196   0.800   0.804   168.634   168.610   0.01%       120   0.300   0.286   0.700   0.714   167.564   167.292   0.16%       120   0.400   0.372   0.600   0.628   165.526   164.669   0.52%       120   0.500   0.459   0.500   0.541   162.567   160.852   1.05%       120   0.600   0.547   0.400   0.453   158.695   156.054   1.66%       120   0.700   0.641   0.300   0.359   153.874   150.557   2.16%       120   0.800   0.744   0.200   0.256   148.017   144.650   2.28%       120   0.900   0.861   0.100   0.139   140.980   138.583   1.70%       120   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   132.550   132.550   0.00%       140   0.000   0.000   1.000   1.000   249.256   249.256   0.00%       140   0.100   0.101   0.900   0.899   250.697   250.692   0.00%       140   0.200   0.196   0.800   0.804   250.349   250.295   0.02%       140   0.300   0.287   0.700   0.713   248.403   247.998   0.16%       140   0.400   0.376   0.600   0.624   245.029   243.897   0.46%       140   0.500   0.465   0.500   0.535   240.358   238.228   0.89%       140   0.600   0.556   0.400   0.444   234.468   231.323   1.34%       140   0.700   0.652   0.300   0.348   227.381   223.548   1.69%       140   0.800   0.755   0.200   0.245   219.062   215.256   1.74%       140   0.900   0.869   0.100   0.131   209.414   206.753   1.27%       140   1.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   198.275   198.275   0.00%                    
The near-azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy system at atmospheric pressure were also modeled. At each temperature, the model was run over the full range from 0 to 1 of Z-1233zd liquid molar composition in increments of 0.002. Among the combinations, some qualify as azeotropic or near-azeotropic, and it is these combinations that Applicant claims. For purposes of brevity, the listing of the combinations was edited to reflect increments of 0.1 Z-1233zd liquid molar composition, or the boundaries of near-azeotropic behavior. The resulting summarized listing is presented in Table 17.
 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy at 1 Atm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 deg. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Press. 
                 Press. 
                 BP) × 
               
               
                 C. 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1438ezy 
                 E1438ezy 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 31.174 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 30.634 
                 0.100 
                 0.112 
                 0.900 
                 0.888 
                 14.696 
                 14.671 
                 0.17% 
               
               
                 30.418 
                 0.200 
                 0.205 
                 0.800 
                 0.795 
                 14.696 
                 14.693 
                 0.02% 
               
               
                 30.452 
                 0.300 
                 0.287 
                 0.700 
                 0.713 
                 14.696 
                 14.681 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 30.701 
                 0.400 
                 0.362 
                 0.600 
                 0.638 
                 14.696 
                 14.582 
                 0.78% 
               
               
                 31.157 
                 0.500 
                 0.435 
                 0.500 
                 0.565 
                 14.696 
                 14.388 
                 2.09% 
               
               
                 31.842 
                 0.600 
                 0.510 
                 0.400 
                 0.490 
                 14.696 
                 14.146 
                 3.74% 
               
               
                 32.633 
                 0.684 
                 0.580 
                 0.316 
                 0.420 
                 14.696 
                 13.962 
                 4.99% 
               
               
                 32.655 
                 0.686 
                 0.581 
                 0.314 
                 0.419 
                 14.696 
                 13.959 
                 5.02% 
               
               
                 35.501 
                 0.872 
                 0.781 
                 0.128 
                 0.219 
                 14.696 
                 13.955 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 35.543 
                 0.874 
                 0.783 
                 0.126 
                 0.217 
                 14.696 
                 13.961 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 35.586 
                 0.876 
                 0.786 
                 0.124 
                 0.214 
                 14.696 
                 13.966 
                 4.97% 
               
               
                 35.672 
                 0.880 
                 0.792 
                 0.120 
                 0.208 
                 14.696 
                 13.977 
                 4.89% 
               
               
                 35.892 
                 0.890 
                 0.806 
                 0.110 
                 0.194 
                 14.696 
                 14.008 
                 4.68% 
               
               
                 36.121 
                 0.900 
                 0.820 
                 0.100 
                 0.180 
                 14.696 
                 14.044 
                 4.44% 
               
               
                 36.360 
                 0.910 
                 0.835 
                 0.090 
                 0.165 
                 14.696 
                 14.083 
                 4.17% 
               
               
                 36.608 
                 0.920 
                 0.851 
                 0.080 
                 0.149 
                 14.696 
                 14.128 
                 3.86% 
               
               
                 36.865 
                 0.930 
                 0.867 
                 0.070 
                 0.133 
                 14.696 
                 14.178 
                 3.53% 
               
               
                 37.134 
                 0.940 
                 0.884 
                 0.060 
                 0.116 
                 14.696 
                 14.233 
                 3.15% 
               
               
                 37.413 
                 0.950 
                 0.901 
                 0.050 
                 0.099 
                 14.696 
                 14.294 
                 2.74% 
               
               
                 37.704 
                 0.960 
                 0.919 
                 0.040 
                 0.081 
                 14.696 
                 14.360 
                 2.28% 
               
               
                 38.007 
                 0.970 
                 0.938 
                 0.030 
                 0.062 
                 14.696 
                 14.434 
                 1.79% 
               
               
                 38.323 
                 0.980 
                 0.958 
                 0.020 
                 0.042 
                 14.696 
                 14.514 
                 1.24% 
               
               
                 38.653 
                 0.990 
                 0.979 
                 0.010 
                 0.021 
                 14.696 
                 14.601 
                 0.65% 
               
               
                 38.996 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based upon these calculations, it has been found that Z-1233zd and E-1438ezy form azeotropic compositions ranging from about 12.9 mole percent to about 28.8 mole percent Z-1233zd and from about 87.1 mole percent to about 71.2 mole percent E-1438ezy (which form azeotropic compositions boiling at a temperature of from about −40° C. to about 140° C. and at a pressure of from about 0.4 psia (2.7 kPa) to about 251 psia (1731 kPa)). For example, at about 30° C. and about 14.8 psia (102 kPa) the azeotropic composition comprises about 23.5 mole percent Z-1233zd and about 76.5 mole percent E-1438ezy. For another example, at about 30.4° C. and about atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 101 kPa) the azeotropic composition comprises about 23.4 mole percent Z-1233zd and about 76.6 mole percent E-1438ezy. 
     In some embodiments of this invention, an azeotrope-like composition comprises 1-99 mole percent Z-1233zd and 99-1 mole percent E-1438ezy at a temperature ranging from about −40° C. to about 140° C. In some embodiments of this invention, an azeotrope-like composition comprises 5-95 mole percent Z-1233zd and 95-5 mole percent E-1438ezy at a temperature ranging from about −40° C. to about 140° C. 
     The calculational predictions of azeotrope-like compositions detailed in Table 16 are summarized in Table 18. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotrope-Like Compositions of Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 −40 
                  1-55/99-45 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 97-99/3-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 −20 
                  1-57/99-43 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 95-99/5-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 0 
                  1-60/99-40 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 94-99/6-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 20 
                  1-64/99-36 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 91-99/9-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 40 
                  1-71/99-29 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 86-99/14-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 60 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 80 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 100 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The 3 percent azeotrope-like compositions (those meeting the criterion [(BP−DP)/BP]×100≦3) are summarized in Table 19. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 19 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 3% Azeotrope-Like Compositions of Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 −40 
                 1-48/99-52 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 98-99/2-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 −20 
                 1-50/99-50 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 98-99/2-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 0 
                 1-51/99-49 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 97-99/3-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 20 
                 1-54/99-46 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 91-99/9-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 40 
                 1-56/99-44 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 95-99/5-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 60 
                 1-60/99-40 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 92-99/8-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 80 
                 1-66/99-34 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 89-99/11-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 100 
                 1-99/99-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1438ezy 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 4: Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
     The binary system of Z-1233zd/E-1233zd was explored for potential azeotropic and near-azeotropic behavior. To determine the relative volatility of this binary system, the PTx method described above was used. The pressure in a PTx cell of known volume was measured at constant temperature of 30° C. for various binary compositions. The collected experimental data are displayed in Table 20 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 20 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 VLE Data for a Z-1233zd/E-1233zd System at 30° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Pexp 
                   
                   
               
               
                 psia 
                 X2 
                 Y2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 22.403 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                 22.015 
                 0.040 
                 0.024 
               
               
                 21.633 
                 0.085 
                 0.051 
               
               
                 21.160 
                 0.134 
                 0.080 
               
               
                 20.543 
                 0.194 
                 0.116 
               
               
                 19.788 
                 0.268 
                 0.161 
               
               
                 19.086 
                 0.334 
                 0.203 
               
               
                 18.350 
                 0.400 
                 0.248 
               
               
                 16.687 
                 0.546 
                 0.362 
               
               
                 15.909 
                 0.611 
                 0.422 
               
               
                 15.091 
                 0.675 
                 0.488 
               
               
                 14.220 
                 0.742 
                 0.567 
               
               
                 13.274 
                 0.812 
                 0.662 
               
               
                 12.329 
                 0.881 
                 0.769 
               
               
                 11.391 
                 0.946 
                 0.887 
               
               
                 10.719 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X 2  = liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 Y 2  = vapor mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 P exp  = experimentally measured pressure. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above vapor pressure v. Z-1233zd liquid mole fraction data are plotted in  FIG. 5 . The experimental data points are shown in  FIG. 5  as solid points. The solid line represents bubble point predictions using the NRTL equation (see below). The dashed line represents predicted dew points. 
     Based on these VLE data, interaction coefficients were extracted. The NRTL model was run over a temperature range from −40 to 140 deg. C. in 20 deg. increments. At each temperature, the model was run over the full range from 0 to 1 of Z-1233zd liquid molar composition in increments of 0.002. Thus the model was run at a total of 5010 combinations of temperature and Z-1233zd liquid molar composition (10×501=5010). Among those 5010 combinations, some qualify as near-azeotropic, and it is these combinations that Applicant claims. For purposes of brevity, the listing of the 5010 combinations was edited to reflect increments of 0.10 Z-1233zd liquid molar composition, or the boundaries of near-azeotropic behavior. The resulting summarized listing is presented in Table 21. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 21 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/E-1233zd System. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                   
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Press. 
                 Press. 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 ° C. 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1233zd 
                 E1233zd 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.837 
                 0.837 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.020 
                 0.009 
                 0.980 
                 0.991 
                 0.828 
                 0.815 
                 1.55% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.040 
                 0.017 
                 0.960 
                 0.983 
                 0.818 
                 0.792 
                 3.18% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.060 
                 0.025 
                 0.940 
                 0.975 
                 0.809 
                 0.769 
                 4.87% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.062 
                 0.026 
                 0.938 
                 0.974 
                 0.808 
                 0.767 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.962 
                 0.888 
                 0.038 
                 0.112 
                 0.302 
                 0.287 
                 5.24% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.964 
                 0.893 
                 0.036 
                 0.107 
                 0.301 
                 0.286 
                 4.99% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.970 
                 0.910 
                 0.030 
                 0.090 
                 0.297 
                 0.285 
                 4.21% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.980 
                 0.939 
                 0.020 
                 0.061 
                 0.291 
                 0.283 
                 2.87% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.990 
                 0.969 
                 0.010 
                 0.031 
                 0.285 
                 0.281 
                 1.46% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.279 
                 0.279 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 2.665 
                 2.665 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.020 
                 0.010 
                 0.980 
                 0.990 
                 2.638 
                 2.608 
                 1.11% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.040 
                 0.019 
                 0.960 
                 0.981 
                 2.610 
                 2.551 
                 2.28% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.060 
                 0.029 
                 0.940 
                 0.971 
                 2.583 
                 2.492 
                 3.51% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.080 
                 0.038 
                 0.920 
                 0.962 
                 2.555 
                 2.433 
                 4.78% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.082 
                 0.039 
                 0.918 
                 0.961 
                 2.553 
                 2.427 
                 4.91% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.084 
                 0.040 
                 0.916 
                 0.960 
                 2.550 
                 2.421 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.954 
                 0.878 
                 0.046 
                 0.122 
                 1.096 
                 1.040 
                 5.10% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.956 
                 0.883 
                 0.044 
                 0.117 
                 1.092 
                 1.038 
                 4.89% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.960 
                 0.893 
                 0.040 
                 0.107 
                 1.084 
                 1.036 
                 4.48% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.970 
                 0.919 
                 0.030 
                 0.081 
                 1.065 
                 1.029 
                 3.43% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.980 
                 0.945 
                 0.020 
                 0.055 
                 1.046 
                 1.022 
                 2.33% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.990 
                 0.972 
                 0.010 
                 0.028 
                 1.027 
                 1.015 
                 1.19% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.009 
                 1.009 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 6.969 
                 6.969 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.020 
                 0.011 
                 0.980 
                 0.989 
                 6.904 
                 6.847 
                 0.83% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.040 
                 0.021 
                 0.960 
                 0.979 
                 6.838 
                 6.721 
                 1.71% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.060 
                 0.032 
                 0.940 
                 0.968 
                 6.772 
                 6.593 
                 2.64% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.080 
                 0.042 
                 0.920 
                 0.958 
                 6.706 
                 6.464 
                 3.61% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.100 
                 0.053 
                 0.900 
                 0.947 
                 6.640 
                 6.334 
                 4.60% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.108 
                 0.057 
                 0.892 
                 0.943 
                 6.613 
                 6.282 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.110 
                 0.058 
                 0.890 
                 0.942 
                 6.606 
                 6.269 
                 5.10% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.942 
                 0.862 
                 0.058 
                 0.138 
                 3.195 
                 3.031 
                 5.13% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.944 
                 0.867 
                 0.056 
                 0.133 
                 3.186 
                 3.027 
                 4.97% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.950 
                 0.880 
                 0.050 
                 0.120 
                 3.158 
                 3.016 
                 4.49% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.960 
                 0.903 
                 0.040 
                 0.097 
                 3.110 
                 2.997 
                 3.66% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.970 
                 0.926 
                 0.030 
                 0.074 
                 3.063 
                 2.978 
                 2.79% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.980 
                 0.950 
                 0.020 
                 0.050 
                 3.016 
                 2.959 
                 1.90% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.990 
                 0.975 
                 0.010 
                 0.025 
                 2.969 
                 2.941 
                 0.97% 
               
               
                 0 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 2.922 
                 2.922 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 15.648 
                 15.648 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.020 
                 0.012 
                 0.980 
                 0.988 
                 15.512 
                 15.413 
                 0.64% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.040 
                 0.023 
                 0.960 
                 0.977 
                 15.376 
                 15.171 
                 1.33% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.060 
                 0.035 
                 0.940 
                 0.965 
                 15.238 
                 14.925 
                 2.06% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.080 
                 0.046 
                 0.920 
                 0.954 
                 15.100 
                 14.675 
                 2.81% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.100 
                 0.057 
                 0.900 
                 0.943 
                 14.960 
                 14.423 
                 3.59% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.120 
                 0.068 
                 0.880 
                 0.932 
                 14.820 
                 14.170 
                 4.39% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.134 
                 0.076 
                 0.866 
                 0.924 
                 14.721 
                 13.992 
                 4.95% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.136 
                 0.077 
                 0.864 
                 0.923 
                 14.707 
                 13.967 
                 5.03% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.928 
                 0.845 
                 0.072 
                 0.155 
                 7.848 
                 7.449 
                 5.08% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.930 
                 0.849 
                 0.070 
                 0.151 
                 7.828 
                 7.440 
                 4.96% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.940 
                 0.869 
                 0.060 
                 0.131 
                 7.729 
                 7.395 
                 4.32% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.950 
                 0.890 
                 0.050 
                 0.110 
                 7.630 
                 7.350 
                 3.67% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.960 
                 0.911 
                 0.040 
                 0.089 
                 7.530 
                 7.306 
                 2.98% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.970 
                 0.932 
                 0.030 
                 0.068 
                 7.431 
                 7.262 
                 2.28% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.980 
                 0.954 
                 0.020 
                 0.046 
                 7.332 
                 7.219 
                 1.54% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.990 
                 0.977 
                 0.010 
                 0.023 
                 7.233 
                 7.176 
                 0.78% 
               
               
                 20 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 7.134 
                 7.134 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 31.185 
                 31.185 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.020 
                 0.012 
                 0.980 
                 0.988 
                 30.931 
                 30.772 
                 0.51% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.040 
                 0.025 
                 0.960 
                 0.975 
                 30.675 
                 30.349 
                 1.06% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.060 
                 0.037 
                 0.940 
                 0.963 
                 30.417 
                 29.916 
                 1.65% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.080 
                 0.049 
                 0.920 
                 0.951 
                 30.156 
                 29.477 
                 2.25% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.100 
                 0.061 
                 0.900 
                 0.939 
                 29.894 
                 29.033 
                 2.88% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.120 
                 0.073 
                 0.880 
                 0.927 
                 29.629 
                 28.586 
                 3.52% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.140 
                 0.085 
                 0.860 
                 0.915 
                 29.362 
                 28.137 
                 4.17% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.160 
                 0.097 
                 0.840 
                 0.903 
                 29.093 
                 27.690 
                 4.82% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.164 
                 0.100 
                 0.836 
                 0.900 
                 29.039 
                 27.601 
                 4.95% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.166 
                 0.101 
                 0.834 
                 0.899 
                 29.012 
                 27.556 
                 5.02% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.910 
                 0.824 
                 0.090 
                 0.176 
                 16.882 
                 16.030 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.920 
                 0.842 
                 0.080 
                 0.158 
                 16.698 
                 15.937 
                 4.56% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.930 
                 0.860 
                 0.070 
                 0.140 
                 16.513 
                 15.844 
                 4.05% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.940 
                 0.879 
                 0.060 
                 0.121 
                 16.329 
                 15.752 
                 3.53% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.950 
                 0.898 
                 0.050 
                 0.102 
                 16.144 
                 15.662 
                 2.99% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.960 
                 0.917 
                 0.040 
                 0.083 
                 15.960 
                 15.572 
                 2.43% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.970 
                 0.937 
                 0.030 
                 0.063 
                 15.776 
                 15.484 
                 1.85% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.980 
                 0.958 
                 0.020 
                 0.042 
                 15.592 
                 15.396 
                 1.25% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.990 
                 0.979 
                 0.010 
                 0.021 
                 15.408 
                 15.310 
                 0.64% 
               
               
                 40 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 15.224 
                 15.224 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 56.563 
                 56.563 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.020 
                 0.013 
                 0.980 
                 0.987 
                 56.123 
                 55.887 
                 0.42% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.040 
                 0.026 
                 0.960 
                 0.974 
                 55.680 
                 55.196 
                 0.87% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.060 
                 0.039 
                 0.940 
                 0.961 
                 55.233 
                 54.490 
                 1.34% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.080 
                 0.052 
                 0.920 
                 0.948 
                 54.781 
                 53.773 
                 1.84% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.100 
                 0.065 
                 0.900 
                 0.935 
                 54.326 
                 53.047 
                 2.35% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.120 
                 0.077 
                 0.880 
                 0.923 
                 53.866 
                 52.316 
                 2.88% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.140 
                 0.090 
                 0.860 
                 0.910 
                 53.402 
                 51.581 
                 3.41% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.160 
                 0.103 
                 0.840 
                 0.897 
                 52.934 
                 50.846 
                 3.94% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.180 
                 0.116 
                 0.820 
                 0.884 
                 52.462 
                 50.112 
                 4.48% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.198 
                 0.128 
                 0.802 
                 0.872 
                 52.032 
                 49.455 
                 4.95% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.200 
                 0.129 
                 0.800 
                 0.871 
                 51.985 
                 49.382 
                 5.01% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.886 
                 0.797 
                 0.114 
                 0.203 
                 32.741 
                 31.095 
                 5.03% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.888 
                 0.800 
                 0.112 
                 0.200 
                 32.679 
                 31.060 
                 4.95% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.890 
                 0.803 
                 0.110 
                 0.197 
                 32.617 
                 31.025 
                 4.88% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.900 
                 0.820 
                 0.100 
                 0.180 
                 32.307 
                 30.851 
                 4.51% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.910 
                 0.836 
                 0.090 
                 0.164 
                 31.996 
                 30.679 
                 4.12% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.920 
                 0.853 
                 0.080 
                 0.147 
                 31.686 
                 30.509 
                 3.72% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.930 
                 0.870 
                 0.070 
                 0.130 
                 31.376 
                 30.341 
                 3.30% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.940 
                 0.888 
                 0.060 
                 0.112 
                 31.066 
                 30.174 
                 2.87% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.950 
                 0.905 
                 0.050 
                 0.095 
                 30.756 
                 30.009 
                 2.43% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.960 
                 0.924 
                 0.040 
                 0.076 
                 30.447 
                 29.847 
                 1.97% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.970 
                 0.942 
                 0.030 
                 0.058 
                 30.138 
                 29.685 
                 1.50% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.980 
                 0.961 
                 0.020 
                 0.039 
                 29.829 
                 29.526 
                 1.02% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.990 
                 0.980 
                 0.010 
                 0.020 
                 29.520 
                 29.368 
                 0.51% 
               
               
                 60 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 29.212 
                 29.212 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 95.200 
                 95.200 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.050 
                 0.034 
                 0.950 
                 0.966 
                 93.400 
                 92.544 
                 0.92% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.100 
                 0.068 
                 0.900 
                 0.932 
                 91.556 
                 89.772 
                 1.95% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.150 
                 0.102 
                 0.850 
                 0.898 
                 89.667 
                 86.941 
                 3.04% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.200 
                 0.136 
                 0.800 
                 0.864 
                 87.734 
                 84.103 
                 4.14% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.240 
                 0.164 
                 0.760 
                 0.836 
                 86.155 
                 81.858 
                 4.99% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.242 
                 0.165 
                 0.758 
                 0.835 
                 86.075 
                 81.747 
                 5.03% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.852 
                 0.760 
                 0.148 
                 0.240 
                 58.625 
                 55.670 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.854 
                 0.762 
                 0.146 
                 0.238 
                 58.528 
                 55.609 
                 4.99% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.860 
                 0.771 
                 0.140 
                 0.229 
                 58.238 
                 55.428 
                 4.83% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.880 
                 0.801 
                 0.120 
                 0.199 
                 57.272 
                 54.832 
                 4.26% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.900 
                 0.831 
                 0.100 
                 0.169 
                 56.306 
                 54.248 
                 3.65% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.920 
                 0.863 
                 0.080 
                 0.137 
                 55.341 
                 53.677 
                 3.01% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.940 
                 0.896 
                 0.060 
                 0.104 
                 54.378 
                 53.117 
                 2.32% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.960 
                 0.929 
                 0.040 
                 0.071 
                 53.418 
                 52.569 
                 1.59% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.980 
                 0.964 
                 0.020 
                 0.036 
                 52.460 
                 52.033 
                 0.82% 
               
               
                 80 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 51.507 
                 51.507 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 150.973 
                 150.973 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.050 
                 0.036 
                 0.950 
                 0.964 
                 148.171 
                 147.040 
                 0.76% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.100 
                 0.071 
                 0.900 
                 0.929 
                 145.298 
                 142.946 
                 1.62% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.150 
                 0.107 
                 0.850 
                 0.893 
                 142.356 
                 138.765 
                 2.52% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.200 
                 0.143 
                 0.800 
                 0.857 
                 139.347 
                 134.568 
                 3.43% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.250 
                 0.180 
                 0.750 
                 0.820 
                 136.273 
                 130.413 
                 4.30% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.292 
                 0.211 
                 0.708 
                 0.789 
                 133.641 
                 126.990 
                 4.98% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.294 
                 0.213 
                 0.706 
                 0.787 
                 133.514 
                 126.829 
                 5.01% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.804 
                 0.709 
                 0.196 
                 0.291 
                 98.666 
                 93.720 
                 5.01% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.806 
                 0.712 
                 0.194 
                 0.288 
                 98.524 
                 93.621 
                 4.98% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.820 
                 0.730 
                 0.180 
                 0.270 
                 97.528 
                 92.931 
                 4.71% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.840 
                 0.757 
                 0.160 
                 0.243 
                 96.107 
                 91.963 
                 4.31% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.860 
                 0.785 
                 0.140 
                 0.215 
                 94.689 
                 91.015 
                 3.88% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.880 
                 0.813 
                 0.120 
                 0.187 
                 93.273 
                 90.086 
                 3.42% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.900 
                 0.842 
                 0.100 
                 0.158 
                 91.861 
                 89.175 
                 2.92% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.920 
                 0.872 
                 0.080 
                 0.128 
                 90.453 
                 88.282 
                 2.40% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.940 
                 0.903 
                 0.060 
                 0.097 
                 89.051 
                 87.408 
                 1.85% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.960 
                 0.934 
                 0.040 
                 0.066 
                 87.655 
                 86.550 
                 1.26% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.980 
                 0.967 
                 0.020 
                 0.033 
                 86.266 
                 85.710 
                 0.65% 
               
               
                 100 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 84.885 
                 84.885 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 228.348 
                 228.348 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.100 
                 0.075 
                 0.900 
                 0.925 
                 219.779 
                 216.842 
                 1.34% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.200 
                 0.150 
                 0.800 
                 0.850 
                 210.813 
                 204.866 
                 2.82% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.300 
                 0.228 
                 0.700 
                 0.772 
                 201.509 
                 193.083 
                 4.18% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.376 
                 0.290 
                 0.624 
                 0.710 
                 194.241 
                 184.532 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.378 
                 0.292 
                 0.622 
                 0.708 
                 194.048 
                 184.313 
                 5.02% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.718 
                 0.622 
                 0.282 
                 0.378 
                 160.231 
                 152.184 
                 5.02% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.720 
                 0.624 
                 0.280 
                 0.376 
                 160.030 
                 152.025 
                 5.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.750 
                 0.659 
                 0.250 
                 0.341 
                 157.017 
                 149.670 
                 4.68% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.800 
                 0.720 
                 0.200 
                 0.280 
                 152.015 
                 145.899 
                 4.02% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.850 
                 0.784 
                 0.150 
                 0.216 
                 147.051 
                 142.312 
                 3.22% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.900 
                 0.852 
                 0.100 
                 0.148 
                 142.141 
                 138.898 
                 2.28% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.950 
                 0.924 
                 0.050 
                 0.076 
                 137.302 
                 135.647 
                 1.21% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.990 
                 0.985 
                 0.010 
                 0.015 
                 133.493 
                 133.158 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 332.652 
                 332.652 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.100 
                 0.079 
                 0.900 
                 0.921 
                 319.886 
                 316.460 
                 1.07% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.200 
                 0.159 
                 0.800 
                 0.841 
                 306.606 
                 299.679 
                 2.26% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.300 
                 0.240 
                 0.700 
                 0.760 
                 292.973 
                 283.198 
                 3.34% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.400 
                 0.326 
                 0.600 
                 0.674 
                 279.114 
                 267.586 
                 4.13% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.500 
                 0.416 
                 0.500 
                 0.584 
                 265.145 
                 253.130 
                 4.53% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.600 
                 0.514 
                 0.400 
                 0.486 
                 251.190 
                 239.915 
                 4.49% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.700 
                 0.620 
                 0.300 
                 0.380 
                 237.380 
                 227.914 
                 3.99% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.800 
                 0.736 
                 0.200 
                 0.264 
                 223.857 
                 217.043 
                 3.04% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.900 
                 0.863 
                 0.100 
                 0.137 
                 210.771 
                 207.200 
                 1.69% 
               
               
                 140 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 198.275 
                 198.275 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based upon these calculations, it has been found that Z-1233zd and E-1233zd form azeotrope-like compositions ranging from about 1 mole percent to about 99 mole percent Z-1233zd and from about 99 mole percent to about 1 mole percent E-1233zd (which form azeotrope-like compositions boiling at a temperature of from about −40° C. to about 140° C. and at a pressure of from about 0.3 psia (2.1 kPa) to about 333 psia (2296 kPa). 
     The model was run for the Z-1233zd/E-1233zd system at atmospheric pressure over the range of liquid mole percents of Z=1233zd from 0 to 1 in increments of 0.002. The results are summarized in Table 22, wherein compositions that meet the near-azeotropic criterion ([(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦5) are displayed. Results are given in liquid mole fractional increments of 0.10 up to the point of criterion failure. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 22 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/E-1233zd System at 1 Atm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liqid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 deg. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Press. 
                 Press. 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 C. 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1233zd 
                 E1233zd 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18.324 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 18.557 
                 0.020 
                 0.012 
                 0.980 
                 0.988 
                 14.696 
                 14.600 
                 0.65% 
               
               
                 18.793 
                 0.040 
                 0.023 
                 0.960 
                 0.977 
                 14.696 
                 14.498 
                 1.35% 
               
               
                 19.033 
                 0.060 
                 0.034 
                 0.940 
                 0.966 
                 14.696 
                 14.390 
                 2.08% 
               
               
                 19.276 
                 0.080 
                 0.046 
                 0.920 
                 0.954 
                 14.696 
                 14.279 
                 2.84% 
               
               
                 19.524 
                 0.100 
                 0.057 
                 0.900 
                 0.943 
                 14.696 
                 14.165 
                 3.61% 
               
               
                 19.775 
                 0.120 
                 0.068 
                 0.880 
                 0.932 
                 14.696 
                 14.049 
                 4.40% 
               
               
                 19.954 
                 0.134 
                 0.076 
                 0.866 
                 0.924 
                 14.696 
                 13.968 
                 4.95% 
               
               
                 19.980 
                 0.136 
                 0.077 
                 0.864 
                 0.923 
                 14.696 
                 13.956 
                 5.03% 
               
               
                 36.152 
                 0.914 
                 0.829 
                 0.086 
                 0.171 
                 14.696 
                 13.955 
                 5.04% 
               
               
                 36.216 
                 0.916 
                 0.833 
                 0.084 
                 0.167 
                 14.696 
                 13.970 
                 4.94% 
               
               
                 36.343 
                 0.920 
                 0.840 
                 0.080 
                 0.160 
                 14.696 
                 14.001 
                 4.73% 
               
               
                 36.988 
                 0.940 
                 0.878 
                 0.060 
                 0.122 
                 14.696 
                 14.161 
                 3.64% 
               
               
                 37.645 
                 0.960 
                 0.917 
                 0.040 
                 0.083 
                 14.696 
                 14.330 
                 2.49% 
               
               
                 38.315 
                 0.980 
                 0.958 
                 0.020 
                 0.042 
                 14.696 
                 14.508 
                 1.28% 
               
               
                 38.996 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The foregoing data regarding near-azeotropes of the Z-1233zd.E-1233zd system have been summarized by temperature in Table 23. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 23 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotrope-Like Compositions of the Z-1233zd/E-1233zd System 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 −40 
                  1-6/99-94 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 96-99/4-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 −20 
                  1-8/99-92 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 96-99/4-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 0 
                 1-11/99-89 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 94-99/6-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 20 
                 1-13/99-87 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 93-99/7-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 40 
                 1-16/99-84 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 92-99/8-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 60 
                 1-19/99-81 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 89-99/11-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 80 
                 1-24/99-76 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 86-99/14-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 100 
                 1-29/99-71 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 81-99/19-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 120 
                 1-37/99-63 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 72-99/28-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Compositions that meet the 3% near-azeotropic criterion ([(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦3) are summarized by temperature in Table 24. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 24 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 3% Azeotrope-Like Compositions 
               
               
                 of the Z-1233zd/E-1233zd System 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 −40 
                  1-3/99-97 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 98-99/2-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 −20 
                  1-5/99-95 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 98-99/2-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 0 
                 1-6/99-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 97-99/3-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 20 
                  1-8/99-92 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 96-99/4-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 40 
                 1-10/99-90 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 95-99/5-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 60 
                 1-12/99-88 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 94-99/6-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 80 
                 1-14/99-86 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 93-99/7-1   
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 100 
                 1-17/99-83 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 89-99/11-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 120 
                 1-21/99-79 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 87-99/13-1  
               
               
                   
                 Z-1233zd/E-1233zd 
                 140 
                 1-26/99-74 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 81-99/19-1  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 5: Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
     The binary system of Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB was explored for potential azeotropic and near-azeotropic behavior. To determine the relative volatility of this binary system, the PTx method described above was used. The pressure in a PTx cell of known volume was measured at constant temperature of 29.9° C. for various binary compositions. The collected experimental data are displayed in Table 25 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 25 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 VLE Data for the Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB System at 29.9° C. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Pexp 
                   
                   
               
               
                 psia 
                 X 2   
                 Y 2   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 12.342 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                 12.311 
                 0.040 
                 0.037 
               
               
                 12.258 
                 0.089 
                 0.083 
               
               
                 12.202 
                 0.140 
                 0.129 
               
               
                 12.138 
                 0.199 
                 0.183 
               
               
                 12.007 
                 0.273 
                 0.249 
               
               
                 11.945 
                 0.336 
                 0.308 
               
               
                 11.839 
                 0.404 
                 0.370 
               
               
                 11.571 
                 0.552 
                 0.511 
               
               
                 11.446 
                 0.615 
                 0.573 
               
               
                 11.312 
                 0.679 
                 0.637 
               
               
                 11.168 
                 0.743 
                 0.705 
               
               
                 11.004 
                 0.814 
                 0.781 
               
               
                 10.837 
                 0.882 
                 0.858 
               
               
                 10.667 
                 0.946 
                 0.934 
               
               
                 10.525 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X 2  = liquid mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 Y 2  = vapor mole fraction of Z-1233zd. 
               
               
                 P exp  = experimentally measured pressure. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above vapor pressure v. Z-1233zd liquid mole fraction data are plotted in  FIG. 6 . The experimental data points are shown in  FIG. 6  as solid points. The solid line represents bubble point predictions using the NRTL equation (see below). The dashed line represents predicted dew points. 
     Based on these VLE data, interaction coefficients were extracted. The NRTL model was run over a temperature range from −40 to 140 deg. C. in 20 deg. increments. At each temperature, the model was run over the full range from 0 to 1 of Z-1233zd liquid molar composition in increments of 0.002. Thus the model was run at a total of 5010 combinations of temperature and Z-1233zd liquid molar composition (10×501=5010). Among those 5010 combinations, some qualify as near-azeotropic, and it is these combinations that Applicant claims. For purposes of brevity, the listing of the 5010 combinations was edited to reflect increments of 0.10 Z-1233zd liquid molar composition, or the boundaries of near-azeotropic behavior. The resulting summarized listing is presented in Table 26. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 26 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB System 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 deg. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Press. 
                 Press. 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 C. 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1233xfb 
                 E1233xfb 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −40 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.384 
                 0.384 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.100 
                 0.083 
                 0.900 
                 0.917 
                 0.377 
                 0.376 
                 0.41% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.200 
                 0.164 
                 0.800 
                 0.836 
                 0.370 
                 0.366 
                 0.96% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.300 
                 0.247 
                 0.700 
                 0.753 
                 0.361 
                 0.356 
                 1.57% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.400 
                 0.331 
                 0.600 
                 0.669 
                 0.352 
                 0.345 
                 2.17% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.500 
                 0.420 
                 0.500 
                 0.580 
                 0.342 
                 0.333 
                 2.66% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.600 
                 0.514 
                 0.400 
                 0.486 
                 0.332 
                 0.322 
                 2.94% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.700 
                 0.617 
                 0.300 
                 0.383 
                 0.320 
                 0.311 
                 2.93% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.800 
                 0.729 
                 0.200 
                 0.271 
                 0.307 
                 0.300 
                 2.51% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 0.900 
                 0.856 
                 0.100 
                 0.144 
                 0.294 
                 0.289 
                 1.58% 
               
               
                 −40 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.279 
                 0.279 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.310 
                 1.310 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.100 
                 0.086 
                 0.900 
                 0.914 
                 1.291 
                 1.288 
                 0.26% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.200 
                 0.171 
                 0.800 
                 0.829 
                 1.270 
                 1.263 
                 0.61% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.300 
                 0.256 
                 0.700 
                 0.744 
                 1.247 
                 1.234 
                 1.03% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.400 
                 0.344 
                 0.600 
                 0.656 
                 1.221 
                 1.203 
                 1.44% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.500 
                 0.434 
                 0.500 
                 0.566 
                 1.192 
                 1.171 
                 1.78% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.600 
                 0.530 
                 0.400 
                 0.470 
                 1.161 
                 1.138 
                 2.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.700 
                 0.632 
                 0.300 
                 0.368 
                 1.128 
                 1.105 
                 2.00% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.800 
                 0.743 
                 0.200 
                 0.257 
                 1.091 
                 1.072 
                 1.72% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 0.900 
                 0.864 
                 0.100 
                 0.136 
                 1.051 
                 1.040 
                 1.09% 
               
               
                 −20 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.009 
                 1.009 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 3.622 
                 3.622 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.100 
                 0.089 
                 0.900 
                 0.911 
                 3.581 
                 3.576 
                 0.16% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.200 
                 0.176 
                 0.800 
                 0.824 
                 3.534 
                 3.520 
                 0.39% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.300 
                 0.264 
                 0.700 
                 0.736 
                 3.480 
                 3.457 
                 0.67% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.400 
                 0.354 
                 0.600 
                 0.646 
                 3.420 
                 3.387 
                 0.95% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.500 
                 0.446 
                 0.500 
                 0.554 
                 3.353 
                 3.313 
                 1.20% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.600 
                 0.543 
                 0.400 
                 0.457 
                 3.281 
                 3.236 
                 1.35% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.700 
                 0.644 
                 0.300 
                 0.356 
                 3.202 
                 3.158 
                 1.37% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.800 
                 0.753 
                 0.200 
                 0.247 
                 3.116 
                 3.079 
                 1.19% 
               
               
                 0 
                 0.900 
                 0.871 
                 0.100 
                 0.129 
                 3.023 
                 3.000 
                 0.75% 
               
               
                 0 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 2.922 
                 2.922 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 8.518 
                 8.518 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.100 
                 0.091 
                 0.900 
                 0.909 
                 8.441 
                 8.433 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.200 
                 0.181 
                 0.800 
                 0.819 
                 8.350 
                 8.329 
                 0.25% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.300 
                 0.271 
                 0.700 
                 0.729 
                 8.245 
                 8.209 
                 0.44% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.400 
                 0.362 
                 0.600 
                 0.638 
                 8.127 
                 8.076 
                 0.64% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.500 
                 0.456 
                 0.500 
                 0.544 
                 7.996 
                 7.931 
                 0.81% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.600 
                 0.553 
                 0.400 
                 0.447 
                 7.851 
                 7.778 
                 0.92% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.700 
                 0.655 
                 0.300 
                 0.345 
                 7.693 
                 7.620 
                 0.94% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.800 
                 0.762 
                 0.200 
                 0.238 
                 7.521 
                 7.459 
                 0.82% 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.900 
                 0.877 
                 0.100 
                 0.123 
                 7.334 
                 7.296 
                 0.52% 
               
               
                 20 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 7.134 
                 7.134 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 17.646 
                 17.646 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.100 
                 0.093 
                 0.900 
                 0.907 
                 17.519 
                 17.508 
                 0.06% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.200 
                 0.185 
                 0.800 
                 0.815 
                 17.365 
                 17.337 
                 0.16% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.300 
                 0.277 
                 0.700 
                 0.723 
                 17.184 
                 17.135 
                 0.29% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.400 
                 0.369 
                 0.600 
                 0.631 
                 16.979 
                 16.906 
                 0.43% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.500 
                 0.464 
                 0.500 
                 0.536 
                 16.748 
                 16.656 
                 0.55% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.600 
                 0.561 
                 0.400 
                 0.439 
                 16.493 
                 16.388 
                 0.64% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.700 
                 0.663 
                 0.300 
                 0.337 
                 16.213 
                 16.108 
                 0.65% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.800 
                 0.769 
                 0.200 
                 0.231 
                 15.909 
                 15.818 
                 0.57% 
               
               
                 40 
                 0.900 
                 0.881 
                 0.100 
                 0.119 
                 15.579 
                 15.522 
                 0.37% 
               
               
                 40 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 15.224 
                 15.224 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 33.054 
                 33.054 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.100 
                 0.095 
                 0.900 
                 0.905 
                 32.866 
                 32.854 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.200 
                 0.188 
                 0.800 
                 0.812 
                 32.631 
                 32.597 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.300 
                 0.281 
                 0.700 
                 0.719 
                 32.350 
                 32.288 
                 0.19% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.400 
                 0.375 
                 0.600 
                 0.625 
                 32.026 
                 31.934 
                 0.29% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.500 
                 0.471 
                 0.500 
                 0.529 
                 31.659 
                 31.540 
                 0.38% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.600 
                 0.569 
                 0.400 
                 0.431 
                 31.252 
                 31.115 
                 0.44% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.700 
                 0.670 
                 0.300 
                 0.330 
                 30.803 
                 30.663 
                 0.45% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.800 
                 0.775 
                 0.200 
                 0.225 
                 30.313 
                 30.192 
                 0.40% 
               
               
                 60 
                 0.900 
                 0.884 
                 0.100 
                 0.116 
                 29.783 
                 29.707 
                 0.26% 
               
               
                 60 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 29.212 
                 29.212 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 57.113 
                 57.113 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.100 
                 0.096 
                 0.900 
                 0.904 
                 56.863 
                 56.850 
                 0.02% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.200 
                 0.191 
                 0.800 
                 0.809 
                 56.536 
                 56.499 
                 0.06% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.300 
                 0.285 
                 0.700 
                 0.715 
                 56.136 
                 56.067 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.400 
                 0.380 
                 0.600 
                 0.620 
                 55.667 
                 55.561 
                 0.19% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.598 
                 0.573 
                 0.402 
                 0.427 
                 54.543 
                 54.380 
                 0.30% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.600 
                 0.575 
                 0.400 
                 0.425 
                 54.531 
                 54.367 
                 0.30% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.700 
                 0.675 
                 0.300 
                 0.325 
                 53.867 
                 53.698 
                 0.31% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.800 
                 0.779 
                 0.200 
                 0.221 
                 53.141 
                 52.993 
                 0.28% 
               
               
                 80 
                 0.900 
                 0.887 
                 0.100 
                 0.113 
                 52.354 
                 52.260 
                 0.18% 
               
               
                 80 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 51.507 
                 51.507 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 92.436 
                 92.436 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.100 
                 0.097 
                 0.900 
                 0.903 
                 92.145 
                 92.135 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.200 
                 0.193 
                 0.800 
                 0.807 
                 91.737 
                 91.704 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.300 
                 0.289 
                 0.700 
                 0.711 
                 91.219 
                 91.151 
                 0.07% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.400 
                 0.385 
                 0.600 
                 0.615 
                 90.596 
                 90.488 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.500 
                 0.482 
                 0.500 
                 0.518 
                 89.873 
                 89.727 
                 0.16% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.600 
                 0.580 
                 0.400 
                 0.420 
                 89.055 
                 88.880 
                 0.20% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.700 
                 0.681 
                 0.300 
                 0.319 
                 88.145 
                 87.961 
                 0.21% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.800 
                 0.784 
                 0.200 
                 0.216 
                 87.145 
                 86.981 
                 0.19% 
               
               
                 100 
                 0.900 
                 0.890 
                 0.100 
                 0.110 
                 86.057 
                 85.952 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 100 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 84.885 
                 84.885 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 141.820 
                 141.820 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.100 
                 0.098 
                 0.900 
                 0.902 
                 141.563 
                 141.556 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.200 
                 0.195 
                 0.800 
                 0.805 
                 141.132 
                 141.108 
                 0.02% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.300 
                 0.292 
                 0.700 
                 0.708 
                 140.541 
                 140.486 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.400 
                 0.389 
                 0.600 
                 0.611 
                 139.798 
                 139.704 
                 0.07% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.500 
                 0.486 
                 0.500 
                 0.514 
                 138.911 
                 138.778 
                 0.10% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.600 
                 0.585 
                 0.400 
                 0.415 
                 137.888 
                 137.724 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.700 
                 0.685 
                 0.300 
                 0.315 
                 136.735 
                 136.558 
                 0.13% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.800 
                 0.788 
                 0.200 
                 0.212 
                 135.458 
                 135.297 
                 0.12% 
               
               
                 120 
                 0.900 
                 0.892 
                 0.100 
                 0.108 
                 134.061 
                 133.956 
                 0.08% 
               
               
                 120 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 132.550 
                 132.550 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 208.224 
                 208.224 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.100 
                 0.099 
                 0.900 
                 0.901 
                 208.178 
                 208.177 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.200 
                 0.198 
                 0.800 
                 0.802 
                 207.882 
                 207.873 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.300 
                 0.296 
                 0.700 
                 0.704 
                 207.355 
                 207.326 
                 0.01% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.400 
                 0.393 
                 0.600 
                 0.607 
                 206.612 
                 206.552 
                 0.03% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.500 
                 0.491 
                 0.500 
                 0.509 
                 205.665 
                 205.571 
                 0.05% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.600 
                 0.590 
                 0.400 
                 0.410 
                 204.527 
                 204.402 
                 0.06% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.700 
                 0.690 
                 0.300 
                 0.310 
                 203.210 
                 203.067 
                 0.07% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.800 
                 0.791 
                 0.200 
                 0.209 
                 201.722 
                 201.588 
                 0.07% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.900 
                 0.895 
                 0.100 
                 0.105 
                 200.074 
                 199.984 
                 0.04% 
               
               
                 140 
                 0.998 
                 0.998 
                 0.002 
                 0.002 
                 198.313 
                 198.310 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 140 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 198.275 
                 198.275 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The model was run for the Z-1233zd/E-1233xfb system at atmospheric pressure over the Z-1233zd liquid mole range of from 0 to 1 in increments of 0.1. The results are summarized in Table 27. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 27 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Near-Azeotropes of the Z-1233zd/E-1233xfb System at 1 Atm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Liquid 
                 Vapor 
                 Bubble 
                 Dew 
                 [(BP − 
               
               
                 Temp. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 mol. 
                 Point 
                 Point 
                 DP)/ 
               
               
                 deg. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 frac. 
                 Press. 
                 Press. 
                 BP] × 
               
               
                 C. 
                 Z1233zd 
                 Z1233zd 
                 E1233xfB 
                 E1233xfB 
                 (psia) 
                 (psia) 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 34.68 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                 34.90 
                 0.100 
                 0.093 
                 0.900 
                 0.907 
                 14.696 
                 14.686 
                 0.07% 
               
               
                 35.16 
                 0.200 
                 0.184 
                 0.800 
                 0.816 
                 14.696 
                 14.670 
                 0.18% 
               
               
                 35.47 
                 0.300 
                 0.276 
                 0.700 
                 0.724 
                 14.696 
                 14.649 
                 0.32% 
               
               
                 35.83 
                 0.400 
                 0.368 
                 0.600 
                 0.632 
                 14.696 
                 14.628 
                 0.46% 
               
               
                 36.23 
                 0.500 
                 0.463 
                 0.500 
                 0.537 
                 14.696 
                 14.609 
                 0.59% 
               
               
                 36.68 
                 0.600 
                 0.560 
                 0.400 
                 0.440 
                 14.696 
                 14.597 
                 0.68% 
               
               
                 37.18 
                 0.700 
                 0.662 
                 0.300 
                 0.338 
                 14.696 
                 14.595 
                 0.69% 
               
               
                 37.73 
                 0.800 
                 0.768 
                 0.200 
                 0.232 
                 14.696 
                 14.608 
                 0.60% 
               
               
                 38.33 
                 0.900 
                 0.880 
                 0.100 
                 0.120 
                 14.696 
                 14.641 
                 0.38% 
               
               
                 39.00 
                 1.000 
                 1.000 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
                 14.696 
                 14.696 
                 0.00% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Based upon these calculations, it has been found that Z-1233zd and HBFO-1233xfB form azeotrope-like compositions ranging from about 1 mole percent to about 99 mole percent Z-1233zd and from about 99 mole percent to about 1 mole percent HBFO-1233xfB, which compositions boil at a temperature of from −40° C. to 140° C. and at a pressure of from about 0.3 psia (2.1 kPa) to about 208 psia (1434 kPa). 
     The foregoing data regarding near-azeotropes of the Z-1233zd HBFO-1233xfB system have been summarized by temperature in Table 28. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 28 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Azeotrope-Like Compositions of the Z-1233zd/E-1233xfb System 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 −40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 −20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 0 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 60 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 80 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 100 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Compositions that meet the 3% near-azeotropic criterion ([(BP−VP)/BP]×100≦3) are summarized by temperature in Table 29. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 29 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 3% Azeotrope-Like Compositions of 
               
               
                 the Z-1233zd/E-1233xfb System 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Components 
                 T (° C.) 
                 Mole Percentage Range 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 −40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 −20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 0 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 20 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 40 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 60 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 80 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 100 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 120 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                 Z-1233zd/HBFO-1233xfB 
                 140 
                 1-99/99-1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Those of skill in the art will understand that the invention is not limited to the scope of only those specific embodiments described herein, but rather extends to all equivalents, variations and extensions thereof.