Patent Publication Number: US-2019199315-A1

Title: Vibrator device, electronic apparatus and vehicle

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a vibrator device, an electronic apparatus, and a vehicle. 
     2. Related Art 
     In the related art, for example, as represented by a quartz crystal oscillator, a vibrator device including a vibrator element and a circuit element has been known. A temperature-compensated oscillator disclosed in JP-A-2007-295302 includes a container main body made of concave ceramic having an inner wall stepped portion, an IC chip integrated with an oscillation circuit and a temperature-compensated mechanism fixed to an inner bottom surface of the container main body using a bump, a quartz crystal element fixed to the inner wall stepped portion of the container main body using a conductive adhesive. Here, in the IC chip, the temperature sensor of the temperature-compensated mechanism is disposed in the vicinity of an IC terminal. 
     However, in the temperature-compensated oscillator disclosed in JP-A-2007-295302, since quartz crystal element and the IC chip are respectively fixed to the container main body, it is difficult for a temperature sensor provided in the IC chip to detect the temperature of the quartz crystal element with high accuracy, and thereby it is not possible to realize a sufficient temperature compensation function. 
     SUMMARY 
     An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a vibrator device capable of improving temperature compensation performance, and to provide an electronic apparatus and a vehicle provided with the vibrator device. 
     The invention can be implemented as the following application examples or embodiments. 
     A vibrator device according to an application example includes abase; a circuit element attached to the base; a vibrator element attached to the circuit element; and a plurality of temperature sensors arranged in the circuit element, in which the circuit element includes a first connecting terminal connected to the base, a second connecting terminal connected to the vibrator element, and at least one circuit of an output buffer circuit, a power supply circuit, and a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit, and the shortest distance between each of the plurality of temperature sensors and the first connecting terminal or the second connecting terminal is shorter than the shortest distance between each of the temperature sensors and the at least one circuit. 
     According to such a vibrator device, since the vibrator element is attached to the circuit element, it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element with high accuracy (high sensitivity) by using a temperature sensor disposed in the circuit element. For this reason, the temperature compensation performance of the vibrator device can be improved by using the detection result of the temperature sensor. In addition, since there are a plurality of the temperature sensors, it is possible to detect the temperature distribution of the circuit element by using the plurality of temperature sensors and perform more appropriate temperature compensation using the detection result. 
     Further, when the temperature sensor is disposed at a position closer to the connecting terminal than the output buffer circuit, the power supply circuit, and the phase-locked loop circuit which are the heat sources in the circuit element, it is possible to further reduce the heat effect of the circuit element, and improve the temperature measurement accuracy of the vibrator element. Here, the phrase “connected to the base” includes not only a case of being directly connected to the base but also a case of being connected to the base via a member such as a metal bump. Similarly, the phrase “connected to the vibrator element” includes not only a case of being directly connected to the vibrator element but also a case of being connected to the vibrator element via a member such as a metal bump or a relay substrate. 
     In the vibrator device according to the application example, at least two of the plurality of temperature sensors may be arranged at different positions when viewed from a direction in which the circuit element and the vibrator element are arranged. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to detect the temperature distribution in the in-plane direction of the circuit element. Therefore, more appropriate temperature compensation can be performed using the detection result. 
     In the vibrator device according to the application example, the plurality of temperature sensors may include a first temperature sensor disposed on an active surface side of the circuit element, and a second temperature sensor disposed on a side opposite to the active surface side of the circuit element. 
     With this configuration, it is possible to detect the temperature distribution in a thickness direction of the circuit element. Therefore, more appropriate temperature compensation can be performed using the detection result. 
     The vibrator device according to the application example may further includes a relay substrate disposed between the vibrator element and the circuit element; a first bonding material that bonds the base and the circuit element to each other; a second bonding material that bonds the circuit element and the relay substrate to each other; and a third bonding material that bonds the relay substrate and the vibrator element to each other. 
     With this configuration, the stress generated in the vibrator element can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics such as the frequency-temperature characteristics of the vibrator device. 
     In the vibrator device according to the application example, each of the first bonding material, the second bonding material, and the third bonding material may be a metal bump. 
     With this configuration, heat conduction can be efficiently performed between the vibrator element and the circuit element. For this reason, the temperature sensor can be used to detect the temperature of the vibrator element with higher accuracy. In addition, it is possible to mount the vibrator element and the circuit element on the package without using a resin material. Therefore, even if a heat treatment is performed after the package is sealed, problems due to outgassing do not occur in the package. Since the vibrator element is attached to the circuit element via the relay substrate, the stress generated in the vibrator element can be reduced even with metal bumps. 
     In the vibrator device according to the application example, the first bonding material and the second bonding material may be disposed on the active surface of the circuit element, and at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors is disposed on the active surface of the circuit element. 
     With this configuration, there is no need to provide a structure like a Si through electrode in the circuit element, and cost reduction of the circuit element can be achieved. Further, by using the temperature sensors arranged on the active surface side of the circuit element, it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element with higher accuracy. 
     In the vibrator device according to the application example, one of the first bonding material and the second bonding material may be disposed on the active surface of the circuit element, and the other one is disposed on a surface opposite to the active surface of the circuit element, and at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors is disposed on the second bonding material side of the circuit element. 
     With this configuration, the circuit element and the relay substrate can be stacked and mounted on the package from the same side. Therefore, there is an advantage that these implementations are simplified. Further, by using the temperature sensors arranged on the second bonding material side of the circuit element, it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element with higher accuracy. 
     In the vibrator device according to the application example, the second bonding material may be disposed on one surface of the relay substrate, and the third bonding material is disposed on the other surface of the relay substrate. 
     With this configuration, the relay substrate and the vibrator element can be stacked and mounted on the circuit element from the same side. Therefore, there is an advantage that these implementations are simplified. 
     An electronic apparatus according to an application example includes the vibrator device according to the application example. 
     According to such an electronic apparatus, the characteristics of the electronic apparatus can be improved by using excellent characteristics of the vibrator device. 
     A vehicle according to an application example includes the vibrator device according to the application example. 
     According to such a vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicle can be improved by using excellent characteristics of the vibrator device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements. 
         FIG. 1  is a longitudinal sectional view (a sectional view along an αγ plane) illustrating a vibrator device (oscillator) according to a first embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view (view seen from +γ direction side) of the vibrator device as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) of a circuit element included in the vibrator device as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) of a relay substrate included in the vibrator device as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) illustrating Modification Example 1 of the relay substrate. 
         FIG. 6  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) illustrating Modification Example 2 of the relay substrate. 
         FIG. 7  is a longitudinal sectional view (a sectional view along an αγ plane) illustrating a vibrator device (oscillator) according to a second embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a mobile type (or notebook type) personal computer which is an example of an electronic apparatus according to the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a smartphone which is an example of the electronic apparatus according to the invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a digital still camera which is an example of the electronic apparatus according to the invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view illustrating an automobile which is an example of a vehicle according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, a vibrator device, an electronic apparatus, and a vehicle according to the invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings. 
     Vibrator Device 
     First Embodiment 
       FIG. 1  is a longitudinal sectional view (a sectional view along an αγ plane) illustrating a vibrator device (oscillator) according to a first embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 2  is a plan view (view seen from +γ direction side) of the vibrator device as illustrated in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 3  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) of a circuit element as illustrated in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 4  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) of a relay substrate as illustrated in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 5  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) illustrating Modification Example 1 of the relay substrate.  FIG. 6  is a plan view (view seen from −γ direction side) illustrating Modification Example 2 of the relay substrate. 
     In the following description, for convenience of explanation, explanation will be made by appropriately using three axes of an α axis, a β axis, and a γ axis which are orthogonal to each other. In the following description, a direction parallel to the α axis is referred to as “α direction”, α direction parallel to the β axis is referred to as “β direction”, and α direction parallel to the γ axis is referred to as “γ direction”. In the following description, in the drawings, the leading end side of the arrow indicating each axis of the α axis, the β axis, and the γ axis is “+” and the base end side thereof is “−”. Also, the upper side (+γ direction side) in  FIG. 1  is referred to as “above” and the lower side (−γ direction side) as “under”. In addition, viewing from the γ direction is also referred to as “plan view”. Further, in  FIG. 2 , for the sake of convenience of the explanation, the interior of a base  2  is illustrated through a lid  3  in a transparent manner. 
     A vibrator device  1  illustrated in  FIG. 1  is a quartz crystal oscillator. The vibrator device  1  is provided with a base  2  (base body), a lid  3 , a circuit element  4 , a relay substrate  5 , a vibrator element  6 , metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9 . 
     Here, the base  2  and the lid  3  constitute a package  10  having a space S storing the circuit element  4 , the relay substrate  5 , and the vibrator element  6 . In the space S of this package  10 , the circuit element  4 , the relay substrate  5 , and the vibrator element  6  are arranged (stacked) in this order from the +γ direction side to the −γ direction side. 
     The metal bump  7  (first metal bump: first bonding material) bonds the base  2  and the circuit element  4 , and the circuit element  4  is attached to the base  2  via the metal bump  7 . The metal bump  8  (second metal bump: second bonding material) bonds the circuit element  4  and the relay substrate  5 , and the relay substrate  5  is attached to the circuit element  4  via the metal bump  8 . The metal bump  9  (third metal bump: third bonding material) bonds the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6 , and the vibrator element  6  is attached to the relay substrate  5  via the metal bump  9 . In addition, the circuit element  4  includes a plurality of temperature sensors  41 . 
     In this manner, in the vibrator device  1 , the vibrator element  6  is attached to the circuit element  4  (attached via the relay substrate  5  in this embodiment), and thus it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element  6  with high accuracy by using a temperature sensor  41  disposed in the circuit element  4 . For this reason, the temperature compensation performance of the vibrator device can be improved by using the detection result of the temperature sensor  41 . In addition, since there are a plurality of the temperature sensors  41 , it is possible to detect the temperature distribution of the circuit element  4  by using the plurality of temperature sensors  41  and perform more appropriate temperature compensation using the detection result. Hereinafter, each part of such a vibrator device  1  will be described. 
     Package 
     The package  10  includes a box-shaped base  2  having a recessed portion  21  opening to a top surface and a plate-shaped lid  3  bonded to the base  2  and closing an opening (upper opening) of the recessed portion  21 , and forms the space S between the base  2  and the lid  3  as an airtight space for storing the circuit element  4 , the relay substrate  5 , and the vibrator element  6 . This space S may be in a depressurized (vacuum) state or an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon may be sealed. 
     The constituent material of the base  2  is not particularly limited, and a material that has insulating properties and is suitable for making the space S an airtight space can be used. Examples thereof include various ceramics such as oxide ceramics such as alumina, silica, titania, and zirconia, nitride ceramics such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium nitride, and carbide ceramics such as silicon carbide. 
     The base  2  has a stepped portion  22  provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the bottom surface of the recessed portion  21  above the bottom surface of the recessed portion  21 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a plurality (ten in the drawing) of connecting electrodes  23  to be electrically connected to the circuit element  4  are provided on the upper surface of the stepped portion  22 . These connecting electrodes  23  are electrically connected to a plurality of external mounting electrodes  24  (refer to  FIG. 1 ) provided on the lower surface of the base  2  via through electrodes (not shown) penetrating the base  2 , respectively. 
     The constituent materials of the connecting electrodes  23 , the external mounting electrode  24 , and the through electrode are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metallic materials such as gold (Au), a gold alloy, platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), an aluminum alloy, silver (Ag), a silver alloy, chromium (Cr), a chromium alloy, nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr). 
     The lid  3  is bonded to the upper end face of such abase  2  by, for example, seam welding. Here, a bonding member such as a seal ring for bonding these may be interposed between the base  2  and the lid  3 . The constituent material of the lid  3  is not particularly limited, and a metallic material is preferably used, and among them, it is preferable to use a metallic material having a linear expansion coefficient close to that of the constituent material of the base  2 . Therefore, for example, in a case where the base  2  is a ceramic substrate, it is preferable to use an alloy such as Kovar as the constituent material of the lid  3 . 
     Circuit Element 
     The circuit element  4  is an integrated circuit element having a function of driving the vibrator element  6  to oscillate and a function (temperature compensation function) of correcting the frequency-temperature characteristics of the oscillation frequency. The circuit element  4  includes the plurality of temperature sensors  41 , a plurality of terminals  42  (first connecting terminals), a plurality of terminals  43  (second connecting terminals), an output buffer circuit  44 , a power supply circuit  45 , a phase-locked loop circuit  46 , a drive circuit (not shown), and a temperature compensation circuit (not shown). Here, in the circuit element  4 , the drive circuit drives the vibrator element  6  to oscillate the vibrator element  6  and output a signal of a desired frequency. Further, the circuit element  4  corrects the frequency-temperature characteristic of the output signal of the circuit element  4  according to the output signal of the temperature sensor  41 . The output buffer circuit  44  reduces the fluctuation of the oscillation frequency. The power supply circuit  45  supplies electric power to each part of the circuit element  4 . The phase-locked loop circuit  46  performs frequency multiplication so as to obtain a desired oscillation frequency. Note that, the circuit element  4  may have at least one of the output buffer circuit  44 , the power supply circuit  45 , and the phase-locked loop circuit  46 . 
     The plurality of terminals  42  and the plurality of terminals  43  illustrated in  FIG. 3  are disposed on the lower surface (the lower surface in  FIG. 1 ), which is the active surface of the circuit element  4 . The plurality of terminals  42  are terminals for connecting to the plurality of connecting electrodes  23  of the base  2  described above, and are provided corresponding to the plurality of connecting electrodes  23 . As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the plurality of terminals  42  are arranged side by side in the β direction at both end portions in the α direction of the circuit element  4 . Each of the plurality of terminals  42  is bonded to the corresponding connecting electrode  23  via the metal bump  7 . As a result, the circuit element  4  is attached to the base  2 , and the circuit element  4  and the base  2  are electrically connected to each other. Further, the plurality of terminals  43  are terminals for connecting to the relay substrate  5 , and include terminals electrically connected to a pair of excitation electrodes (pad electrodes) of the vibrator element  6  described later via the relay substrate  5 . As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the plurality of terminals  43  are arranged side by side in the β direction at both end portions in the α direction of the circuit element  4  inside the plurality of terminals  42 . Each of the plurality of terminals  43  is bonded to the relay substrate  5  via the metal bump  8 . As a result, the relay substrate  5  is attached to the circuit element  4 , and the circuit element  4  and the relay substrate  5  are electrically connected to each other. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the plurality of temperature sensors  41  are arranged at different positions of the circuit element  4  in plan view. This makes it possible to detect the temperature distribution in the in-plane direction of the circuit element  4  by using the plurality of temperature sensors  41 . Here, the plurality of temperature sensors  41  include a plurality of temperature sensors  41   a  and a plurality of temperature sensors  41   b  arranged on the lower surface (active surface) side of the circuit element  4 , and a temperature sensor  41   c  disposed on the upper surface side of the circuit element  4 . When the temperature sensors  41  are provided on both sides of the circuit element  4  in this manner, the temperature distribution in the thickness direction of the circuit element  4  can also be detected using the plurality of temperature sensors  41 . Note that, the temperature sensor  41   c  disposed on the side opposite to the active surface of the circuit element  4  is, for example, a thin film thermistor. 
     The plurality of temperature sensors  41   a  are provided corresponding to the plurality of terminals  42  or the plurality of metal bumps  7  described above. In order to detect the temperature of the corresponding terminal  42  or the metal bump  7 , each of the temperature sensors  41   a  is disposed in the vicinity of the corresponding terminal  42  or the metal bump  7  (position closer than a terminal or a metal bump other than the corresponding terminal  42  or the metal bump  7 ). In addition, as described above, in order to detect the temperature of the corresponding terminal  42  without receiving the influence of heat from the output buffer circuit  44 , the power supply circuit  45 , and the phase-locked loop circuit  46  which are heat sources as much as possible, each temperature sensor  41   a  is disposed closer to the corresponding terminal  42  than these heating sources. 
     The plurality of temperature sensors  41   b  are provided corresponding to the plurality of terminals  43  or the plurality of metal bumps  8  described above. In order to detect the temperature of the corresponding terminal  43  or the metal bump  8 , each of the temperature sensors  41   b  is disposed in the vicinity of the corresponding terminal  43  or the metal bump  8  (position closer than a terminal or a metal bump other than the corresponding terminal  43  or the metal bump  8 ). In addition, as described above, in order to detect the temperature of the corresponding terminal  43  without receiving the influence of heat from the output buffer circuit  44 , the power supply circuit  45 , and the phase-locked loop circuit  46  which are heat sources as much as possible, each temperature sensor  41   b  is disposed closer to the corresponding terminal  43  than these heating sources. 
     The temperature sensor  41   c  is disposed at the center of the circuit element  4  in plan view. The temperature sensor  41   c  is disposed at a position closest to the lid  3  among the plurality of temperature sensors  41 . As a result, it is possible to suitably detect the temperature change of the circuit element  4  due to the heat from the lid  3  using the temperature sensor  41   c.    
     Note that, the arrangement of the temperature sensors  41  illustrated in the drawing is merely an example, and the invention is not limited thereto. For example, in the drawing, the temperature sensors  41   a  are arranged so as not to overlap the corresponding terminal  42  or the metal bump  7  in plan view, but may be arranged so as to overlap the corresponding terminal  42  or the metal bump  7 . Similarly, the temperature sensors  41   b  may be arranged so as to overlap the corresponding terminal  43  or the metal bump  8  in plan view. In addition, it suffices that the circuit element  4  has the plurality of temperature sensors  41 , and apart of the plurality of temperature sensors  41  described above may be omitted, and another temperature sensor may added to the circuit element  4 . Although the temperature sensor  41   c  is disposed at the center of the circuit element  4  in plan view, the temperature sensor  41   c  is not limited to this, and may be disposed so as to overlap the temperature sensor  41   a  or  41   b  in plan view, for example. 
     Relay Substrate 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the relay substrate  5  is bonded to the lower surface (the surface on the −γ direction side) of the circuit element  4  by a plurality of the metal bumps  8 . The vibrator element  6  is bonded to the surface of the relay substrate  5  on the side opposite to the circuit element  4  via a metal bump  9 . Here, wiring (not shown) provided corresponding to a pair of excitation electrodes (pad electrodes) of the vibrator element  6  described later is disposed on the relay substrate  5 , and the corresponding metal bumps  8  and  9  are connected to each other through the corresponding wiring. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the relay substrate  5  of this embodiment has a gimbal shape. The relay substrate  5  includes a frame-like first part  51 , a frame-like second part  52  disposed inside the first part  51 , a third part  53  disposed inside the second part  52 , a first beam portion  54  supporting the second part  52  with respect to the first part  51  so as to be swingable about the first axis β 1 , a second beam portion  55  supporting the third part  53  with respect to the second part  52  so as to be swingable about the second axis al intersecting with the first axis β 1 . Here, the first part  51 , the second part  52 , the third part  53 , the first beam portion  54 , and the second beam portion  55  are integrally formed. 
     In plan view, the first part  51  is a rectangle whose outer and inner circumferences are the α direction as a longitudinal direction, and is disposed so as to overlap the plurality of terminals  43  of the circuit element  4 . In plan view, the second part  52  has a shape (that is, a rectangle) along the inner periphery of the first part  51  in the outer periphery and the inner periphery, and is disposed inside the first part  51  to be spaced apart from the first part  51 . In plan view, the third part  53  has a shape (that is, a rectangle) along the inner periphery of the second part  52 , and is disposed inside the second part  52  to be spaced apart from the second part  52 . In plan view, the first beam portion  54  is disposed between the first part  51  and the second part  52  and has a shape extending along the first axis β 1 , and the first part  51  and the second part  52  are connected to each other. In plan view, the second beam portion  55  is disposed between the second part  52  and the third part  53  and has a shape extending along the second axis α 1 , and the second part  52  and the third part  53  are connected to each other. 
     In such a relay substrate  5 , the second part  52  is capable of swinging around the first axis β 1  with respect to the first part  51  with elastic deformation of the first beam portion  54 , and the third part  53  is capable of swinging around the second axis α 1  with respect to the second part  52  with elastic deformation of the second beam portion  55 . Therefore, the third part  53  is capable of swinging about both the first axis β 1  and the second axis α 1  with respect to the first part  51 . Here, the circuit element  4  is bonded to the first part  51  via the metal bump  8 , whereas the third part  53  is bonded to the vibrator element  6  via the metal bump  9 . With this, the stress generated in the vibrator element  6  can be further reduced. Further, vibration from the package  10  is less likely to be transmitted to the vibrator element  6 , and as a result, vibration resistance characteristics can be improved. 
     The shape of each part of the relay substrate  5  is not limited to the shape illustrated in the drawings. For example, the outer peripheries and the inner peripheries of the first part  51 , the second part  52 , and the third part  53  in plan view may have other polygonal shapes such as a square shape and a hexagonal shape, respectively. In addition, each of the first beam portion  54  and the second beam portion  55  may have a bent portion or a branched part in the middle thereof, or may be disposed at a position displaced from the first axis β 1  or the second axis α 1 . Further, for example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the relay substrate  5  does not need to have a gimbal shape. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the above-described second beam portion  55  may be omitted, and the second part  52  and the third part  53  may be in the form of an integrated single plate. Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the relay substrate  5  may be in the form of a single board. 
     Here, the widths of the first beam portion  54  and the second beam portion  55  are preferably smaller than the thickness of the relay substrate  5 . With this, the stress generated in the vibrator element  6  can be suitably reduced. 
     The thickness of the relay substrate  5  varies depending on the shape of the relay substrate  5  in plan view, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably larger than the thickness of the vibrator element  6  and smaller than the thickness of the circuit element  4 . More specifically, it is preferably 1.5 times or more the thickness of the vibrator element  6  and 0.8 times or less the thickness of the circuit element  4 . With this, the stress generated in the vibrator element  6  can be suitably reduced. 
     Although the constituent material of the relay substrate  5  is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use a material having a linear expansion coefficient close to that of the constituent material of the vibrator element  6 , specifically, it is preferable to use quartz crystal. With this, it is possible to reduce the stress generated in the vibrator element  6  due to the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6 . In particular, in a case where the relay substrate  5  is made of quartz crystal, the relay substrate  5  has a spread in a XY plane defined by the Y axis (machine axis) and the X axis (electric axis) which are the quartz crystal axes of the quartz crystal substrate, and is preferably in a form of a plate having a thickness in the direction of the Z axis (optical axis). That is, it is preferable that the relay substrate  5  is formed of a Z-cut quartz crystal board. As a result, it is possible to easily obtain the relay substrate  5  having high dimensional accuracy by wet etching. Note that, the Z-cut quartz crystal board includes a quartz crystal board having a cut angle such that the plane orthogonal to the Z axis is rotated in a range of 0 to 10 degrees around at least one of the X axis and the Y axis as the principal plane. 
     Vibrator Element 
     The vibrator element  6  is an element that excites thickness sliding vibration. The vibrator element  6  includes a quartz crystal substrate  61 , a pair of excitation electrodes (not shown) disposed on both surfaces of the quartz crystal substrate  61 , and a pair of pad electrodes (not shown) electrically connected to the pair of excitation electrodes disposed on one surface (upper surface) of the quartz crystal substrate  61 . In the vibrator element  6 , when a periodically changing voltage is applied between the pair of excitation electrodes through the pair of pad electrodes, thickness sliding vibration is excited at a desired frequency in a predetermined portion of the quartz crystal substrate  61 . 
     Here, the quartz crystal belongs to the trigonal system and has an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis orthogonal to each other as crystal axes. The X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are referred to as an electric axis, a mechanical axis, and an optical axis, respectively. The quartz crystal substrate  61  is a “rotated Y-cut quartz crystal substrate” cut along a plane obtained by rotating the XZ plane (a plane orthogonal to the Y axis) around the X axis by a predetermined angle θ. By using an AT-cut quartz crystal substrate which is a rotated Y-cut quartz crystal substrate of θ=35° 15′ as the quartz crystal substrate  61 , the vibrator element  6  having excellent temperature characteristics is obtained. Note that, the quartz crystal substrate  61  is not limited to the AT-cut quartz crystal substrate as long as it can excite thickness shear vibration, and for example, a BT cut or SC cut quartz crystal substrate may be used. 
     The quartz crystal substrate  61  has a rectangular shape whose longitudinal direction is the α direction in plan view. The shape of the vibrator element  6  in plan view is not limited to the above-described shape as long as it has a shape obtained by chamfering one corner of a circle or rectangle shape. Although the thickness of the vibrator element  6  is constant in the drawing, it is not limited thereto, and it may be, for example, a so-called mesa type or an inverted mesa type. 
     As the structure of the excitation electrode and the pad electrode used for the vibrator element  6 , a known electrode material can be used, but it is not particularly limited thereto. For example, metal coating is cited which uses metal such as Au (gold) and Al (aluminum) or an alloy containing Au and Al as a main component on a base layer such as Cr (chromium) or Ni (nickel). 
     One end portion (a right end portion in  FIG. 4 ) of the vibrator element  6  in the α direction as described above is bonded to the third part  53  of the above-described relay substrate  5  via the two metal bumps  9 . Here, the two metal bumps  9  are connected to two pad electrodes of the vibrator element  6 . Note that, the arrangement of the metal bumps  9  is not limited to the arrangement illustrated in the drawing as long as the circuit element  4  and the vibrator element  6  can be electrically connected via the relay substrate  5 . For example, the metal bump may be disposed at two corners at diagonal corners of the vibrator element  6 , two metal bumps may be arranged at one corner of the vibrator element  6 , or the metal bump may be disposed at each corner of the vibrator element  6 . 
     Metal Bump: Bonding Material 
     The metal bump  7  (first metal bump: first bonding material) bonds the base  2  (the package  10 ) and the circuit element  4  to each other. With this, it is possible to smoothly transfer heat between the base  2  and the circuit element  4 , and as a result, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference between them. The metal bump  8  (second metal bump: second bonding material) bonds the circuit element  4  and relay substrate  5  to each other. With this, it is possible to smoothly transfer heat between the circuit element  4  and the relay substrate  5 , and as a result, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference between them. The metal bump  9  (third metal bump: third bonding material) bonds the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6  to each other. With this, it is possible to smoothly transfer heat between the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6 , and as a result, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference between them. 
     Each of the metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9  has a circular shape in plan view. The shapes of the metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9  are not limited to the shapes illustrated in the drawings, and may be, for example, a columnar shape, a polygonal columnar shape, or a circular truncated conical shape. The constituent materials of the metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9  are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and platinum (Pt), and an alloy thereof, a lead-free solder, a leaded solder, and the like. Each of the metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9  can be formed by, for example, a plating method, a bonding method, or the like, and the bonding can be performed by pressure welding, heat pressing, or ultrasonic combined heating pressure welding or the like. Instead of at least a part of the metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9 , a conductive adhesive containing a resin material and a conductive filler may be used as a bonding material. 
     As described above, the vibrator device  1  includes the base  2 , the circuit element  4  attached to the base  2 , the vibrator element  6  attached to the circuit element  4  (via the relay substrate  5  in this embodiment), and the plurality of temperature sensors  41  arranged in the circuit element  4 . In addition, the circuit element  4  includes a terminal  42  which is a first connecting terminal connected to the base  2 , a terminal  43  which is a second connecting terminal connected to the vibrator element  6 , an output buffer circuit  44 , a power supply circuit  45 , and a phase-locked loop circuit  46 . The distance between each of the plurality of temperature sensors  41  and the terminal  42  or  43  which is the closest to each of the temperature sensors is shorter than the distance between each of the temperature sensors  41  and the circuit (any of the output buffer circuit  44 , the power supply circuit  45 , and the phase-locked loop circuit  46 ) which is the closest to each of the temperature sensors. 
     Note that, the distance between the terminal and the circuit may be set as the shortest distance among the distances between any of the sides or corners of the terminal and any of the sides or corners of any of the electronic components constituting the circuit. Regarding other temperature measurement accuracy, the distance may be appropriately determined in consideration of its influence. 
     In this manner, according to the vibrator device  1 , the vibrator element  6  is attached to the circuit element  4  (attached via the relay substrate  5  in this embodiment), and thus it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element  6  with high accuracy by using a temperature sensor  41  disposed in the circuit element  4 . For this reason, the temperature compensation performance of the vibrator device  1  can be improved by using the detection result of the temperature sensor  41 . In addition, since there are a plurality of the temperature sensors  41 , it is possible to detect the temperature distribution of the circuit element  4  by using the plurality of temperature sensors  41  and perform more appropriate temperature compensation using the detection result. Further, when the temperature sensor  41  is disposed at a position closer to the terminals  42  and  43  than the output buffer circuit  44 , the power supply circuit  45 , and the phase-locked loop circuit  46  which are the heat sources in the circuit element  4 , it is possible to further reduce the heat effect of the circuit element  4 , and improve the temperature measurement accuracy of the vibrator element  6 . 
     Here, at least two of the plurality of temperature sensors  41  (all the temperature sensors  41  in this embodiment) are arranged in the different positions from each other (that is, positions not overlapping with each other) when viewed from the direction (γ direction) where the circuit element  4  and the vibrator element  6  are arranged. With this, it is possible to detect the temperature distribution in the in-plane direction (direction along the αβ plane) of the circuit element  4 . Therefore, more appropriate temperature compensation can be performed using the detection result. 
     In addition, the plurality of temperature sensors  41  include the temperature sensors  41   a  and  41   b , which are first temperature sensors arranged on the active surface side (−γ direction side) of the circuit element  4 , and the temperature sensor  41   c  which is the second temperature sensor disposed on the side (+γ direction side) opposite to the active surface side of the circuit element  4 . As a result, it is possible to detect the temperature distribution (temperature gradient) in the thickness direction (γ direction) of the circuit element  4  based on the difference between the detected temperature of the temperature sensors  41   a  and  41   b  and the detected temperature of the temperature sensor  41   c . Therefore, more appropriate temperature compensation can be performed using the detection result. Further, in this embodiment, the surface of the circuit element  4  on the side of the temperature sensor  41   c  faces the lid  3 , and thus the temperature change of the circuit element  4  due to the heat from the lid  3  can be suitably detected using the temperature sensor  41   c . Therefore, temperature compensation can be performed in consideration of radiation from the wall surface of the package  10  or heat due to convection. 
     The vibrator device  1  further includes the relay substrate  5  disposed between the vibrator element  6  and the circuit element  4 , the metal bump  7  serving as a first bonding material bonding the base  2  and the circuit element  4 , the metal bump  8  serving as the second bonding material bonding the circuit element  4  and the relay substrate  5 , and the metal bump  9  serving as the third bonding material bonding the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6 . With this, the stress generated in the vibrator element  6  can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics such as the frequency-temperature characteristics of the vibrator device  1 . 
     Here, the first bonding material, the second bonding material, and the third bonding material are respectively the metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9 . Consequently, heat conduction can be efficiently performed between the vibrator element  6  and the circuit element  4 . For this reason, the temperature sensor  41  can be used to detect the temperature of the vibrator element  6  with higher accuracy. In addition, it is possible to mount the vibrator element  6  and the circuit element  4  on the package  10  without using a resin material. Therefore, even if a heat treatment is performed after the package  10  is sealed, it is possible to solve the problem caused by the gas (out gas) generated from the resin material in the package  10 . Since the vibrator element  6  is supported by the circuit element  4  via the relay substrate  5 , the stress generated in the vibrator element  6  can be reduced even with metal bumps. 
     The metal bump  7  (first bonding material) and the metal bump  8  (second bonding material) are disposed on the active surface side (−γ direction side) of the circuit element  4 , and at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors  41  (the temperature sensors  41   a  and  41   b  in this embodiment) are arranged on the active surface side of the circuit element  4 . As a result, there is no need to provide a structure like a Si through electrode in the circuit element  4 , and cost reduction of the circuit element  4  can be achieved. Further, by using the temperature sensors  41   a  and  41   b  arranged on the active surface side of the circuit element  4 , it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element  6  with higher accuracy. 
     In addition, the metal bump  8  (second bonding material) is disposed on one surface side (+γ direction side) of the relay substrate  5 , and the metal bump  9  (third bonding material) is disposed on the other surface side (−γ direction side) of the relay substrate  5 . With this, the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6  can be stacked and mounted on the circuit element  4  from the same side. Therefore, there is an advantage that these implementations are simplified. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be described. 
       FIG. 7  is a longitudinal sectional view (a sectional view along an αγ plane) illustrating a vibrator device (oscillator) according to the second embodiment of the invention. 
     Hereinafter, the vibrator device of the second embodiment will be described focusing on differences from the above-described first embodiment, and description of similar items will not be made. 
     The vibrator device according to the second embodiment of the invention is the same as that in the above-described first embodiment except that the circuit element, the relay substrate, and the vibrator element are stacked in this order from the base side to the lid side of the package. 
     A vibrator device  1 A illustrated in  FIG. 7  is provided with a base  2 A (base body), a lid  3 , a circuit element  4 A, a relay substrate  5 , a vibrator element  6 , metal bumps  7 ,  8 , and  9 . 
     Here, an opening of a recessed portion  21 A of the base  2 A is closed by the lid  3 , and the base  2 A and the lid  3  constitute a package  10 A having a space S storing the circuit element  4 A, the relay substrate  5 , and the vibrator element  6 . In the space S of this package  10 A, the circuit element  4 A, the relay substrate  5 , and the vibrator element  6  are arranged (stacked) in this order from the −γ direction side to the +γ direction side. 
     The metal bump  7  (the first metal bump) bonds the base  2 A and the circuit element  4 A, and the circuit element  4 A is attached to the base  2 A via the metal bump  7 . The metal bump  8  (the second metal bump) bonds the circuit element  4 A and the relay substrate  5 , and the relay substrate  5  is attached to the circuit element  4 A via the metal bump  8 . The metal bump  9  (the third metal bump) bonds the relay substrate  5  and the vibrator element  6 , and the vibrator element  6  is attached to the relay substrate  5  via the metal bump  9 . 
     Here, although not shown, a terminal to which the metal bump  7  is bonded is provided on the lower surface of the circuit element  4 A; on the other hands, a terminal to which the metal bump  8  is bonded is provided on the upper surface of the circuit element  4 A. In addition, the circuit element  4 A is provided with electrodes such as a Si through electrodes for conducting between both surfaces of the circuit element  4 A. 
     The circuit element  4 A includes a plurality of temperature sensors  41 . Here, the plurality of temperature sensors  41  include a plurality of temperature sensors  41   a  and a temperature sensor  41   c  arranged on the lower surface (active surface) side of the circuit element  4 A, and a plurality of temperature sensors  41   b  arranged on the upper surface side of the circuit element  4 A. As in the first embodiment, the plurality of temperature sensors  41   a  are provided corresponding to the plurality of metal bumps  7 . The plurality of temperature sensors  41   b  are provided corresponding to the plurality of metal bumps  8  described above. The temperature sensor  41   c  is disposed at the center of the circuit element  4 A in plan view. Here, in this embodiment, the plurality of temperature sensors  41   b  are arranged on the side opposite to the active surface side of the circuit element  4 A, and the temperature sensor  41   c  is disposed on the active surface side of the circuit element  4 A. 
     According to the second embodiment as described above, as in the above-described in the first embodiment, the vibrator element  6  is attached to the circuit element  4 A (attached via the relay substrate  5  in this embodiment), and thus it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element  6  with high accuracy by using a temperature sensor  41  disposed in the circuit element  4 A. For this reason, the temperature compensation performance of the vibrator device LA can be improved by using the detection result of the temperature sensor  41 . In addition, since there are a plurality of the temperature sensors  41 , it is possible to detect the temperature distribution of the circuit element  4 A by using the plurality of temperature sensors  41  and perform more appropriate temperature compensation using the detection result. 
     In addition, in the vibrator device  1 A of this embodiment, one (the metal bump  7  in this embodiment) of the metal bump  7  (first bonding material) and the metal bump  8  (second bonding material) is disposed on the active surface side of the circuit element  4 A, and the other one (the metal bump  8  in this embodiment) is disposed on the side opposite to the active surface side of the circuit element  4 A. In addition, at least one (the temperature sensor  41   b  in this embodiment) of the plurality of temperature sensors  41  is disposed on the metal bump  8  (the second bonding material) side of the circuit element  4 A. With this, the circuit element  4 A and the relay substrate  5  can be stacked and mounted on the package  10 A from the same side. Therefore, there is an advantage that these implementations are simplified. Further, by using the temperature sensors  41   b  arranged on the metal bump  8  side of the circuit element  4 A, it is possible to detect the temperature of the vibrator element  6  with higher accuracy. 
     Electronic Apparatus 
     Next, an electronic apparatus according to the invention will be described. 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a mobile type (or notebook type) personal computer which is an example of an electronic apparatus according to the invention. In  FIG. 8 , a personal computer  1100  is configured to include a main body portion  1104  provided with a keyboard  1102  and a display unit  1106  provided with a display portion  1108 , and the display unit  1106  is configured to be pivotably supported around the main body portion  1104  via a hinge structure portion. A vibrator device  1  (or LA) functioning as a filter, a resonator, a reference clock, or the like is built in the aforementioned personal computer  1100 . 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a smartphone which is an example of the electronic apparatus according to the invention. In  FIG. 9 , a mobile phone  1200  is provided with a plurality of operation buttons  1202 , an earpiece  1204 , and a mouthpiece  1206 , and a display portion  1208  is disposed between the operation button  1202  and the earpiece  1204 . A vibrator device  1  (or  1 A) functioning as a filter, a resonator, or the like is built in the aforementioned mobile phone  1200 . 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a digital still camera which is an example of the electronic apparatus according to the invention. Note that connection with an external device is also briefly illustrated in  FIG. 10 . A display portion  1310  is provided on a rear surface of a case (body)  1302  of the digital still camera  1300 , and is configured to perform display based on imaging signals of the CCD, and the display portion  1310  functions as a viewfinder displaying a subject as an electronic image. A light receiving unit  1304  including an optical lens (imaging optical system) and a CCD or the like is provided on the front side (back side in the drawing) of the case  1302 . 
     When the photographer confirms a subject image displayed on the display portion  1310  and presses a shutter button  1306 , the imaging signal of the CCD at that time is transferred and stored in a memory  1308 . In the digital still camera  1300 , a video signal output terminal  1312  and an input and output terminal  1314  for data communication are provided on the side surface of the case  1302 . As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , a television monitor  1430  is connected to the video signal output terminal  1312 , and a personal computer  1440  is connected to the input and output terminal  1314  for data communication, as necessary. Further, the imaging signal stored in the memory  1308  is output to the television monitor  1430  or the personal computer  1440  by a predetermined operation. A vibrator device  1  (or  1 A) functioning as a filter, a resonator, or the like is built in the aforementioned digital still camera  1300 . 
     The above-described electronic apparatus is provided with the vibrator device  1  or  1 A. According to such an electronic apparatus, the characteristics of the electronic apparatus can be improved by using excellent characteristics of the vibrator device  1  or  1 A. 
     Note that, the electronic apparatus provided with the vibrator device according to the invention can be applied to, for example, a watch, a tablet terminal, an ink jet type discharging apparatus (for example, an ink jet printer), a laptop personal computer, TV, a video camera, a video tape recorder, a car navigation device, a pager, an electronic notebook (including a communication function), an electronic dictionary, a calculator, an electronic game machine, a word processor, a work station, a video phone, a security TV monitor, electronic binoculars, a POS terminal, medical equipment (such as an electronic clinical thermometer, a blood pressure monitor, a blood glucose meter, an electrocardiogram measuring device, an ultrasonic diagnostic device, and an electronic endoscope), a fish finder, various measuring instruments, meters and gauges (such as meters and gauges for a vehicle, an aircraft, and a ship), a flight simulator, in addition to the personal computer (mobile type personal computer) of  FIG. 8 , the smartphone (mobile phone) of  FIG. 9 , and the digital still camera of  FIG. 10 . 
     Vehicle 
     Next, a vehicle (vehicle according to the invention) to which the vibrator device according to the invention is applied will be described. 
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view illustrating an automobile which is an example of the vehicle according to the invention. A vibrator device  1  (or  1 A) is mounted on an automobile  1500 . The vibrator device  1  or  1 A can be applied to an electronic control unit (ECU) such as keyless entry, an immobilizer, a car navigation system, a car air conditioner, an anti-lock brake system (ABS), an air bag, a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), engine control, a battery monitor of a hybrid car and an electric vehicle, and a vehicle body attitude control system. 
     The automobile  1500  which is the above-described vehicle is provided with the vibrator device  1  or  1 A. According to such an automobile  1500 , the characteristics of the automobile  1500  can be improved by using excellent characteristics of the vibrator device  1  or  1 A. 
     Although the vibrator device, the electronic apparatus, and the vehicle according to the invention have been described based on the embodiments illustrated in the drawings; however, the invention is not limited thereto, and the configuration of each portion can be replaced by optional configuration having the same functions. Further, any other constituent may be added to the invention. Further, each of the above-described embodiments may be appropriately combined. 
     In the above-described embodiment, the quartz crystal substrate is used as a piezoelectric substrate, but various kinds of piezoelectric substrates such as lithium niobate and lithium tantalate may be used instead. 
     Further, in the above-described embodiment, a configuration in which a member such as a relay substrate is disposed between the circuit element and the vibrator element has been described; however, the invention is not limited thereto, and the circuit element and the vibrator element may be bonded together with the bonding material such as the metal bump without some members such as the relay substrate. 
     Further, in the above-described embodiments, a case where the vibrator element is an element that causes thickness sliding vibration is described as an example; however, the invention is not limited thereto, and may be a tuning fork type vibrator or the like, for example. Further, in the above-described embodiments, a case where the vibrator device is an oscillator is described as an example, but the invention is not limited thereto, and the invention can also be applied to, for example, a gyro sensor and the like. 
     The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-247353, filed Dec. 25, 2017 is expressly incorporated by reference herein.