Patent Publication Number: US-10327513-B2

Title: Devices and methods for adjusting the fit of footwear

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/073,773 filed Nov. 6, 2013, entitled “Devices and Methods for Adjusting the Fit of Footwear,” which claims priority to Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 61/723,218 filed Nov. 6, 2012, entitled “Running Shoe and Other Devices,” the entire disclosure of which are hereby incorporated by reference, for all purposes, as if fully set forth herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is related to closure devices for various articles, such as braces, medical devices, shoes, clothing, apparel, and the like. Such articles typically include closure devices that allow the article to be placed and closed about a body part. The closure devices are typically also used to maintain or secure the article to the body part. For example, shoes are typically placed over an individual&#39;s foot and lace is tensioned and tied to close the shoe about the foot and secure the shoe to the foot. Conventional closure devices have been modified in an effort to increase the fit and/or comfort of the article about the body part. For example, shoe lacing configurations and/or patterns have been modified in an attempt to increase the fit and/or comfort of wearing shoes. Conventional closure devices have also been modified in an effort to decrease the time in which an article may be closed and secured about the body part. These modifications have resulted in the use of various pull cords, straps, and tensioning devices that enable the article to be quickly closed and secured to the foot. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally provides improved closure devices that may be used for closure of various articles, such as braces, medical devices, shoes, clothing, apparel, and the like. In some embodiments, a zonal tightening device or system for tightening an article is provided. In a specific embodiment, the article may be a shoe. 
     According to one aspect, the zonal tightening device/system includes a plurality of first guide members that are coupled with the article and that define a first zone of the article. A plurality of second guide members are also coupled with the article and define a second zone of the article. At least a portion of the second zone is different than the first zone. A first tension member, such as lace, is guided by the plurality of first guide members within the first zone. The first tension member is configured to tighten the first zone of the article upon tensioning of the first tension member. A second tension member is guided by the plurality of second guide members within the second zone. The second tension member is configured to tighten the second zone of the article upon tensioning of the second tension member. A tensioning mechanism is also coupled with the article and with the first tension member and the second tension member. The tensioning mechanism is configured to differentially tension the first and second tension members so as to differentially tighten the first and second zones of the article. In some embodiments, the tensioning mechanism may be a reel assembly as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a proximal end of the first tension member or the second tension member is coupled with the tensioning mechanism and a distal end of the first tension member or the second tension member is coupled with, or terminates on, the article. In such embodiments, the distal end of the first tension member or the second tension member may be adjustable relative to the article to vary the differential tension applied to the respective tension member and zone. 
     In some embodiments, the device/system may also include an adjustment mechanism that is coupled with the first tension member and the second tension member. The adjustment mechanism may be configured to vary a length of the first tension member and the second tension member within the respective zones to vary the differential tightness applied to the respective tension members. In such embodiments, the adjustment mechanism may be configured to decrease the length of one of the tension members within the respective zone and to increase the length of the other tension member within the respective zone by a corresponding amount. 
     According to another aspect, the zonal tightening device/system includes a first guide member that is coupled with the article and positioned within a first zone of the article. A second guide member is also coupled with the article and positioned within a second zone of the article. At least a portion of the second zone is different than the first zone. A first tension member is guided by the first guide member within the first zone and a second tension member guided by the second guide member within the second zone. Tensioning of the first tension member causes tightening of the first zone of the article while tensioning of the second tension member causes tightening of the second zone of the article. A tensioning mechanism is coupled with the article and with the first tension member and the second tension member. The tensioning mechanism is configured to tension the first and second tension members to tighten the first and second zones. 
     In some embodiments, the tensioning mechanism causes a differential tension to be applied to the first tension member and the second tension member to differentially tighten the first and second zones. In such embodiments, the tensioning mechanism may include a spool having a first portion around which the first tension member is wound and a second portion around which the second tension member is wound. A diameter of the first portion may be different than a diameter of the second portion so that winding of the first and second tension members around the spool causes the differential tension to be applied to the first and second tension members. 
     In other embodiments, the tensioning mechanism may include a spool having the above mentioned first portion and second portion with the first portion including a first channel for the first tension member and the second portion including a second channel for the second tension member. The first channel may be separate from the second channel to prevent tangling of the first and second tension members. In some embodiments, the tensioning mechanism may include a first spool around which the first tension member is wound and a second spool around which the second tension member is wound. A gear or clutch mechanism of the tensioning mechanism may cause rotation of the first and second spools at different rates to cause the differential tension to be applied to the first and second tension members. 
     In some embodiments, a proximal end of the first tension member may be coupled with the tensioning mechanism and a distal end of the first tension member may be coupled with the article or with a second guide member positioned within the first zone. In such embodiments, a proximal end of the second tension member may likewise be coupled with the tensioning mechanism and a distal end of the second tension member may likewise be coupled with the article or with a second guide member positioned within the second zone. The distal end of the first tension member may be adjustable relative to the article to vary a length of the first tension member within the first zone and/or the distal end of the first tension member may include a tab that is graspable by a user to enable the user to adjust the distal end of the first tension member relative to the article. 
     In some embodiments, the device/system may also include an adjustment mechanism that is coupled with the first and second tension members. The adjustment mechanism may be configured to vary a length of the first and second tension members within the respective zones to vary the differential tightness applied to the respective zones by the first and second tension members. In some embodiments, the tensioning mechanism may include the adjustment mechanism while in other embodiments the adjustment mechanism may be coupled with the article and separate from the tensioning mechanism. In such embodiments, the adjustment mechanism may be adjacent the first and/or second zones. The adjustment mechanism may be configured to decrease the length of one of the tension members within the respective zone and to increase the length of the other tension member within the respective zone by a corresponding amount. 
     According to another aspect, a method for coupling a lacing system to an article is provided. The method includes coupling a first guide member with the article with the first guide member positioned within a first zone of the article. A second guide member is also coupled with the article with the second guide member positioned within a second zone of the article. At least a portion of the second zone is different than the first zone. A tensioning mechanism is also coupled with the article. The tensioning mechanism is configured to tension a first tension member and to tension a second tension member. The first tension member is coupled with the tensioning mechanism so that the first tension member is guided by the first guide member within the first zone and so that tensioning of the first tension member causes tightening of the first zone. The second tension member is also coupled with the tensioning mechanism so that the second tension member is guided by the second guide member within the second zone and so that tensioning of the second tension member causes tightening of the second zone. 
     In some embodiments, the tensioning mechanism is configured to differentially tension the first tension member and the second tension member to differentially tighten the first and second zones. In some embodiments, coupling the first tension member with the tensioning mechanism includes coupling a proximal end of the first tension member with a first portion of a spool and coupling the second tension member with the tensioning mechanism likewise includes coupling a proximal end of the second tension member with a second portion of the spool. In such embodiments, a diameter of the first portion of the spool may be different than a diameter of the second portion of the spool so that winding of the first and second tension members around the spool causes the differential tension to be applied to the first and second tension members. 
     In some embodiments, a distal end of the first tension member may be coupled with the article or with a second guide member that is positioned within the first zone. In such embodiments, a distal end of the second tension member may likewise be coupled with the article or with a second guide member that is positioned within the second zone. In such embodiments, the distal end of the first tension member may be adjusted relative to the article to vary a length of the first tension member within the first zone. The distal end of the first tension member may include a grippable tab that enables adjustment of the first tension member relative to the article. 
     In some embodiments, the first and second tension members may be coupled with an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism may be configured to vary a length of the first and second tension members within the respective zones to vary the differential tension applied to the first and second tension members. In such embodiments, coupling the first and second tension members with the adjustment mechanism may include coupling a distal end of the first and second tension members with the adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism may be configured to decrease the length of one of the tension members within the respective zone and to increase the length of the other tension member within the respective zone by a corresponding amount. 
     In another embodiment, a torsion bar or drive shaft type device or system for tightening an article is provided. In a specific embodiment, the article may be a shoe. According to one aspect, the device/system includes a tensioning mechanism that is operable to adjust a tightness of the article, a rod that extends longitudinally along at least a portion of the article, and a first tension member that extends laterally from the rod across an opening of the article. The rod has a proximal end operationally coupled with the tensioning mechanism and a distal end coupled with the article. The first tension member has a proximal end coupled with the rod and a distal end coupled with the article. Operation of the tensioning mechanism causes rotation of the rod about the article to adjust a tension of the first tension member and thereby adjust the tightness of the article. 
     In some embodiments, the proximal end of the first tension member may be adjustable relative to the rod to vary a length of the first tension member available for tightening the article. In other embodiments, the distal end of the first tension member may be adjustable relative to the article to vary a length of the first tension member available for tightening the article. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the tension of the first tension member adjusts the tightness of a first zone of the article. In such embodiments, the device/system may also include a second tension member that extends laterally from the rod and across the opening of the article. The second tension member may have a proximal end that is coupled with the rod and a distal end that is coupled with the article. Rotation of the rod may adjust a tension of the second tension member and thereby adjust the tightness of a second zone of the article. The first and/or second tension members may be coupled with the rod so as to be windable around the rod. Rotation of the rod may wind approximately an equal length of the first and second tension members around the rod, or unwind approximately an equal length of the tension members therefrom. 
     In some embodiments, coupling the first and/or second tension members with the rod may include inserting the proximal end of the first tension member within a first slot of the rod and inserting the proximal end of the second tension member with a second slot of the rod. In some embodiments, a length of the first tension member available for tightening the first zone and/or a length of the second tension member available for tightening the second zone may be adjustable to vary the tightness applied to the first and/or second zones. 
     According to another aspect, a method for coupling a lacing system to an article is provided. The method includes coupling a tensioning mechanism with the article where the tensioning mechanism is operable to adjust a tightness of the article. A rod is also coupled with the article so that the rod extends longitudinally along at least a portion of the article and so that the rod has a proximal end that operationally couples with the tensioning mechanism and a distal end that couples with the article. A proximal end of a first tension member is coupled with the rod and a distal end of the first tension member is coupled with the article so that the first tension member extends laterally from the rod and across an opening of the article. The rod is coupled with the tensioning mechanism so that operation of the tensioning mechanism causes rotation of the rod about the article to adjust a tension of the first tension member and thereby adjust the tightness of the article. 
     In some embodiments, the proximal end of the first tension member may be adjusted relative to the rod to vary a length of the first tension member available for tightening the article. In other embodiments, the distal end of the first tension member may be adjusted relative to the article to vary a length of the first tension member available for tightening the article. 
     In some embodiments, adjusting the tension of the first tension member may adjust the tightness of a first zone of the article. In such embodiments, a proximal end of a second tension member may be coupled with the rod and a distal end of the second tension member with the article so that the second tension member extends laterally from the rod and across the opening of the article. Rotation of the rod may adjust a tension of the second tension member and thereby adjusts the tightness of a second zone of the article. In such embodiments, the first and second tension members may be coupled with the rod by inserting the proximal end of the first tension member within a first slot of the rod and inserting the proximal end of the second tension member with a second slot of the rod. In such embodiments, a length of the first tension member available for tightening the first zone may be adjusted and/or a length of the second tension member available for tightening the second zone may be adjusted in order to vary the tightness applied to the first and second zones. Rotation of the rod may wind approximately an equal length of the first and second tension members around the rod, or may unwind approximately an equal length of the tension members from the rod. 
     In another embodiment, a unique tubing configuration may be employed to aid in tightening an article. In a specific embodiment, the article may be a shoe. According to one aspect, the unique configuration may be employed in a lacing system that includes a tensioning mechanism and a tension member that is coupled with the tensioning mechanism so as to be tensionable by operation of the tensioning mechanism. A first tubing may be coupled with the article and may extend along at least a portion thereof. The first tubing may include a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. A second tubing may also be coupled with the article and may extend along at least a portion thereof. The second tubing may include a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. The tension member may be disposed within the lumen of the first tubing and the second tubing and a distal end of the second tubing may be slidably positioned within a proximal end of the first tubing&#39;s lumen so that tensioning of the tension member causes the second tubing to slide within the first tubing&#39;s lumen to allow adjustment of the tightness of the article adjacent the first and second tubing. 
     In some embodiments, the first and second tubing may be positioned around a heel or collar portion of a shoe. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the proximal end of the first tubing&#39;s lumen may be transparent so that sliding of the second tubing within the first tubing&#39;s lumen is viewable to a user. In some embodiments, the distal end of the second tubing and the proximal end of the first tubing may be uncoupled from the article (e.g., shoe) so that buckling of the article&#39;s material is reduced or prevented as the second tubing slides within the first tubing&#39;s lumen. In another embodiment, the distal end of the second tubing and the proximal end of the first tubing may be coupled with a flexible material so that buckling of the article is reduced or prevented as the second tubing slides within the first tubing&#39;s lumen. 
     In some embodiments, sliding of the second tubing within the first tubing&#39;s lumen adjusts the tightness of the article via compression of the first and second tubing about a body of the article. In some embodiments, the lumen of the first tubing includes a stop component that limits sliding of the second tubing within the first tubing&#39;s lumen. In some embodiments, a third tubing may be coupled with the article and may extend along at least a portion thereof. The third tubing may include a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. The tension member may be disposed within the lumen of the third tubing and a distal end of the third tubing may be slidably positioned within the lumen of the first tubing or second tubing so that tensioning of the tension member causes the third tubing to slide within the lumen of the first or second tubing. 
     According to one aspect, a method for coupling a lacing system to an article is provided. The lacing system includes the unique tubing configuration. The method includes coupling a tensioning mechanism with the article and coupling a first tubing with the article so that the first tubing extends along at least a portion of the article. The first tubing has a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. A second tubing is also coupled with the article so that the second tubing extends along at least a portion of the article. The second tubing has a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. A distal end of the second tubing is inserted within a proximal end of the first tubing&#39;s lumen so that the distal end of the second tubing is slidably disposed within the proximal end of the first tubing&#39;s lumen. A tension member is inserted within the lumens of the first tubing and the second tubing and the tension member is coupled with the tensioning mechanism so that the tension member is tensionable by operation of the tensioning mechanism. Tensioning of the tension member causes the second tubing to slide within the first tubing&#39;s lumen in order to adjust the tightness of the article. 
     In some embodiments, a third tubing is also coupled with the article so that the third tubing extends along at least a portion of the article. The third tubing has a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. In such embodiments, a distal end of the third tubing may be inserted within the lumen of the first tubing or second tubing so that the distal end of the second tubing is slidably disposed within the lumen of the first tubing or second tubing. The tension member may also be inserted within the lumen of the third tubing. Tensioning of the tension member may cause the third tubing to slide within the lumen of the first or second tubing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention is described in conjunction with the appended figures: 
         FIGS. 1-4  illustrate embodiments of a closure device being used with a shoe to allow the shoe to be closed about a foot of an individual. 
         FIGS. 5A-6D  illustrate various embodiments of closure devices that may be used to close a heel or collar portion of a shoe. 
         FIGS. 7A-C  illustrate various embodiments of closure devices that may be used to zonally tension a shoe. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate a closure device being used to pivotally close a heel counter of a shoe. 
         FIGS. 9A-9E  illustrate various embodiments of a closure device that may be used to provide collar compression to an individual&#39;s heel. 
         FIGS. 10A-G  illustrate various embodiments of closure devices and lacing systems that may be used to zonally tension a shoe. 
         FIGS. 11A-D  illustrate various embodiments of teeter mechanisms that may be used to vary a length of lace within zones of a shoe. 
         FIGS. 12A-R  illustrate various embodiments of components that may be used to adjust an end of a lace of a lacing system and/or adjust the tension in the lace. 
         FIGS. 13A-E  illustrate various embodiments of gross or macro adjustment mechanisms that may be used to provide gross or macro closure of a shoe or article. 
         FIGS. 14A-E  illustrate various embodiments of tensioning rods or shaft that may be used to tension one or more zones of the shoe or article. 
     
    
    
     In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same numerical reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letter that distinguishes among the similar components and/or features. If only the first numerical reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components and/or features having the same first numerical reference label irrespective of the letter suffix. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments described herein provide various features for closure devices that may be used to close a variety of items, such as medical braces (i.e., back braces, knee braces, and the like), items of clothing (i.e., hats, gloves, and the like), sports apparel (boots, snowboard boots, ski boots, and the like), and various other items. A specific embodiment in which the closure devices may be used involves shoes, and specifically running shoes. For ease in describing the embodiments herein, the disclosure will mainly describe the closure device being used for shoes or running shoes, although it should be realized that the closure devices may be used for the various other items. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 1-4 , provided is a general description of a tensioning mechanism or reel assembly (hereinafter reel assembly) of a lacing system. The illustrated reel assembly includes a knob that may be grasped and rotated by a user to tension lace that is wound around guides of a shoe. The illustrated reel assembly, however, is only one of many tensioning mechanisms that may be used to tension a tension member, such as lace. Accordingly, other tension mechanisms may be used instead of, or in addition to, the illustrated reel assembly to tension a tension member. For example, various pull cords, clamp devices, and the like may be used instead of or in addition to the illustrated reel assembly. As such, the embodiments described herein are not limited to reel assembly based devices. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an embodiment of lacing system used for tightening a shoe. The shoe can be any suitable footwear that can be tightened around a user&#39;s foot. The lacing system can be used to close or tighten various other articles as described herein, such as, for example, a belt, a hat, a glove, snowboard bindings, a medical brace, or a bag. The lacing system can include a reel assembly  104 , lace  106 , and one or more lace guides  108 . In the illustrated embodiment, the reel assembly  104  can be attached to the tongue  110  of the shoe. Various other configurations are also possible. For example, the reel assembly  104  can be attached to a side of the shoe, which can be advantageous for shoes in which the shoe sides  112   a - b  are designed to be drawn closely together when tightened, leaving only a small portion of the tongue  110  exposed. The reel assembly  104  can also be attached to the back of the shoe, and a portion of the lace  106  can pass through the shoe, sometimes using tubing for the lace to travel through, on either side of the user&#39;s ankle such that the lace  106  can be engaged with the reel assembly  104  when back-mounted. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a lacing system  200  that can be similar to the lacing system of  FIG. 1 , or any other lacing system described herein. The lacing system  200  can include a reel assembly  204  which can be similar to reel assembly  104 , or any other reel assembly described herein.  FIGS. 3 and 4  are exploded perspective views of the reel assembly  204 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 2 to 4 , the reel assembly  204  can include a base member  214 , a spool member  216 , and a knob  218 . The base member  214  can include a housing  220  and a mounting flange  222 . The housing  220  can include a plurality of housing teeth  224 , which can extend radially inwardly. The housing  220  can also include lace holes  226   a - b  that allow the lace  206  to enter the housing  220 . 
     The spool member  216  can be disposed within the housing  220  such that the spool member  216  is rotatable about an axis  228  with respect to the housing  220 . The lace  206  can be secured to the spool member  216  such that when the spool member  216  rotates in a tightening direction (shown by arrow A) the lace  206  is drawn into the housing  220  and is wound around the channel  230  formed in the spool member  216 , and when the spool member  216  rotates in a loosening direction (shown by arrow B) the lace  206  unwinds from the channel  230  of the spool member  216  and exits the housing  220  via the lace holes  226   a - b . The spool member  216  can also include spool teeth formed thereon. It will be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein can be modified such that rotation in the direction shown by arrow B will tighten the lacing. In this particular embodiment, the knob  218  may be raised axially to disengage the knob  218  from the spool  216  in order to allow the spool to freewheel in direction B in order to release the lace. In other embodiments, rotation of the knob  218  in the direction shown by arrow B may loosen the lacing system. 
     The knob  218  can be attached to the housing  220  such that the knob  218  can rotate about the axis  228  with respect to the housing  220 . The knob  218  can include knob teeth  234  that can be configured to mate with the spool teeth of spool member  216  to couple the knob  218  to the spool member  216  such that rotation of the knob  218  in the tightening direction causes the spool member  216  to also rotate in the tightening direction. In some embodiments, the rotation of the knob  218  in the loosening direction can also cause the spool member  216  to rotate in the loosening direction. The knob  218  can also include one or more pawls  236  which can be biased radially outwardly so as to mate with the housing teeth  224 . The pawls  236  and housing teeth  224  can be configured so that the housing teeth  224  can displace the pawls  236  radially inwardly when the knob member  218  is rotated in the tightening direction, thereby allowing the knob member  218  to rotate in the tightening direction. The pawls  236  and the housing teeth  224  can also be configured so that they engage one another when force is applied to twist the knob member  218  in the loosening direction, thereby preventing the knob member  218  from rotating in the loosening direction. 
     Thus, the reel assembly  204  can provide a one-way tightening system that allows the user to rotate the knob  218  in the tightening direction, which causes the spool member  216  to rotate in the tightening direction, which in turn causes the lace  206  to be drawn into the housing  220  via the lace holes  226   a - b . As the lace  206  is drawn into the housing  220  the lacing system  200  can tighten, causing the lace guide  208  to be drawn in the direction toward the reel  204  (shown by arrow C in  FIG. 2 ). Although the lacing system  200  is shown with a single lace guide  208 , any other suitable number of lace guides can be used. Other feature of the reel and lacing system are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0266384, filed Apr. 29, 2011, and Titled “Reel Based Lacing System”, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The embodiments described herein generally describe ways in which a shoe, brace, or other device may be custom or tailor fit to a user. 
     Heel Hold and Perpendicular Pressure, Displacement, or Force 
     In one embodiment, the customized fit may be provided by providing a sufficient amount of “hold” or tightening in desired areas of the foot, such as: heel hold, mid-foot fit or hold, saddle fit or hold. In one embodiment, the shoe&#39;s “heel hold” may be divided into three categories, specifically: the width of the heel pocket, the Achilles area (i.e., the fit of the shoe about the Achilles), and the adjustability of the ankle or rake of the heel counter. In one embodiment, the heel hold (i.e., the width of the heel pocket, rake of the heel counter, and the like) may be adjusted by providing a compressible or hinging collar that fits about the heel of the shoe. Heel hold may be provided by squeezing the shoe above the calcaneus, preferably on the medial and lateral sides, which squeeze may be achieved via a compressible collar. In some embodiments, lace of a closure system, such as those described in  FIGS. 1-4 , may be inserted within a shoe&#39;s collar in order to apply pressure to the top portion of the heel when the lace is tensioned via reel assembly. In such embodiments, tensioning of the lace will shrink the collar circumference of the shoe around the user&#39;s foot. 
     In some embodiments, the amount of perpendicular or closure force applied to the foot may be modified by configuring the shoe with force free and/or compression free regions. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , tubing  622  may be run through or along the shoe and lace  604  inserted through the tubing  622 . The tubing  622  may be considered an incompressible solid body that resists compression as the lace  604  is tensioned. In this manner, a force and/or pressure will not be applied or transferred to the foot in regions that are coupled or otherwise include tubing  622  as the lace is tensioned. To create closure or pressure zones, the tubing  622  may be discontinuous, or stated differently have separated tube portions, to create regions or zones  620  where a force or pressure may be applied as the lace  604  is tensioned. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the shoe  630  may be configured to have one, two, or more force application regions  620  where the tubing  622  is discontinuous or individual tube segments are separated. As the lace  604  is tensioned via reel assembly  602 , the shoe&#39;s collar is compressed around the user&#39;s foot due to regions  620  of discontinuous tubing. The force or pressure may not be applied in regions of the shoe that are coupled with the tubing  622 . The embodiment of  FIGS. 5A and 5B  is an “open design” where the lace  604  spans the open regions  620 . In other embodiments, webbing  640  may be attached to the shoe  630  to span the compressible regions  620  as shown in  FIG. 6A . The webbing  640  may be a flexible or elastic material that stretches or expands and contracts as the shoe&#39;s collar is compressed or constricted about the user&#39;s foot. The “open” design of  FIGS. 5A and 5B  and/or the webbing  640  of  FIG. 6A  prevent or reduce buckling of the shoe&#39;s material as the shoe&#39;s collar compresses about the user&#39;s foot. 
     In another embodiment, tubing, or tubing segments, through which the lace is disposed may have compressible regions that allow a compression force to be applied at desired areas along or about the shoe. The compressible regions allow for the application of a force even though the tubing or tubing segments are generally incompressible. As illustrated in  FIG. 6C , according to one embodiment the compressible regions may be provided by a “tube in tube” configuration, where a first or inner tubing segment  608   a  is slidingly inserted within a second or outer tubing segment  608   b . Specifically, a distal end of the inner tubing  608   a  is slidably positioned within a proximal end of a lumen of outer tubing  608   b . Lace  604  is disposed within the lumens of inner tubing  608   a  and outer tubing  608   b . The inner and outer tubing,  608   a  and  608   b , are coupled with the shoe and extend along at least a portion thereof, which may be on a side of the shoe&#39;s collar, or around the shoe&#39;s heel as illustrated in  FIG. 6D , and/or elsewhere along the shoe. In some embodiments, the inner and/or outer tubing,  608   a  and  608   b , and/or portions thereof, may be disposed within the outer material layer of the shoe so as to be hidden from view. 
     As the lace is tensioned, such as via reel assembly  602 , the inner tubing  608   a  slides within the outer tubing  608   b  and compression is applied to the foot along the tubing segments and/or at the mating location of the tube segments. Compression of the inner tubing  608   a  and outer tubing  608   b  about the shoe&#39;s collar, or elsewhere relative to the shoe, tightens the shoe about the user&#39;s foot. Although not shown, in one embodiment, the outer tubing  608   b  may have one or more stops that limit sliding of the inner tubing within the outer tubing. In this manner, the amount of compression applied to desired regions of the foot may be more approximately controlled and/or limited. Further, the tubing segments may have multiple compressible areas, such as by having multiple tube-in-tube configurations or locations. Specific compression about the foot may be provided via the arrangement of the compressible regions about the shoe. In some embodiments, the proximal end of the outer tubing  608   b  and/or inner tubing  608   a , or at least a portion thereof, may be transparent so that sliding of the inner tubing  608   a  within the outer tubing&#39;s lumen  608   b  is viewable to a user. 
     In some embodiments, the distal end of the inner tubing  608   a  and the proximal end of the outer tubing  608   b  may be uncoupled from the shoe so that buckling of the shoe&#39;s material is reduced or prevented as the inner tubing  608   a  slides within the outer tubing&#39;s lumen  608   b . In other embodiments, the distal end of the inner tubing  608   a  and the proximal end of the outer tubing  608   b  may be coupled with a flexible material, such as webbing  640 , so that buckling of the article is reduced or prevented as the inner tubing  608   a  slides within the outer tubing&#39;s lumen  608   b .  FIG. 6D  illustrates the tube-in-tube configuration positioned around the shoe&#39;s collar to apply pressure at the back of the foot and/or at the medial and lateral sides of the foot. It should be realized that various other configurations are possible. 
     Although not shown in  FIGS. 6C and 6D , in some embodiments a third tubing segment may be coupled with the shoe and extend along at least a portion thereof. The lace  604  may be disposed within a lumen of the third tubing segment and a distal end of the third tubing segment may be slidably positioned within the lumen of the inner tubing  608   a  or outer tubing  608   b . In such embodiments, tensioning of the lace  604  may cause the third tubing to slide within the lumen of the inner or outer tubing,  608   a  or  608   b.    
     Related to  FIGS. 6C and 6D , a method for coupling a tube-in-tube configuration to a shoe may include coupling a reel assembly with the shoe, coupling a first tubing with the shoe, and coupling a second tubing with the shoe. The first and second tubing may each extend along at least a portion of the shoe, such as around the collar or heel of the shoe. The first and second tubing may also each have a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen that extends between the proximal and distal ends. The method may also include inserting a distal end of the second tubing within a proximal end of the first tubing&#39;s lumen so that the distal end of the second tubing is slidably disposed within the proximal end of the first tubing&#39;s lumen. The lacing system&#39;s lace may be inserted through, or otherwise disposed within, the lumens of the first tubing and the second tubing. The lace may be coupled with the reel assembly so that the lace is tensionable by operation of the reel assembly. As described herein, tensioning of the lace causes the second tubing to slide within the first tubing&#39;s lumen and thereby adjusts the tightness of the shoe about a user&#39;s foot. A third tubing could likewise be coupled with the shoe and have a distal end positioned within the lumen of the first or second tubing so that tensioning of the lace causes the third tubing to slide within the first or second tubing&#39;s lumen. 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates another embodiment that may be used to provide heel hold or collar compression. Specifically, webbing may be used to compress the shoe&#39;s collar. In the embodiment illustrated, a first webbing segment  614  crosses a second webbing segment  612  at a center point or transition ring  616 . As the second webbing segment  612  is tensioned via lace  604  and reel  602 , a force is transferred to first and second webbing segments,  614  and  612 , that compresses the collar of the shoe about the user&#39;s foot. 
     The compression of the shoe or article against the body surface as provided by the embodiments described herein may also be applied to various medical applications. For example, in one embodiment, the tube-in-tube configuration, webbing segments, and the like may be used in a brace that applies compression to an area of the body, such as in an ankle brace, arm brace, and the like. The provided compression may be part of a therapeutic treatment plan for the body part, such as healing sprains (e.g., ACL, PCL sprains or tears), tears, fractures, bone brakes, and the like. In another embodiment, the compression may be applied with heat or cold, such as by placing an ice or heat pack within the brace and tensioning the lace to compress the area of the body in contact with the ice or heat pack. 
     Multiple Spool and/or Single Reel Arrangement 
     In another embodiment, a single reel could be provided that drives multiple spool segments and/or winds multiple lace segments. For example, as shown in  FIG. 7C , two or more separate spools,  610  and  611 , could be positioned adjacent one another and rotated or driven via a single reel assembly  613 . Each of the spools,  610  and  611 , may include gear teeth that allow the spools to be driven via the single reel assembly  613 . In some embodiments, the spools,  610  and  611 , could be geared at different ratios so that the spools,  610  and  611 , are driven or rotated at different rates by the single reel assembly  613  and thereby differentially tension lace coupled with the spools. In other embodiments, a clutch mechanism could be used to cause differential rotation of the spools,  610  and  611 , and thereby differentially tension lace coupled therewith. Differentially tensioning the lace may be performed to differentially or zonally tighten the shoe or other article about the user&#39;s foot or body part as described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7B , in another embodiment, a spool  620  may have multiple channels that prevent or limit tangling of lace segments coupled therewith. For example, spool  620  may include a first channel of portion  621  around which a first lace is wound (not shown), and may include a second channel or portion  623  and/or third channel or portion  625  around which a second and/or third lace is wound (not shown). The first, second, and/or third channels ( 621 ,  623 , and/or  625 ) are separate from one another and divided by a wall or barrier that prevents tangling of the laces coupled therewith. One or more of the channels ( 621 ,  623 , and/or  625 ) may have the same diameter central body portions as shown in embodiment  620 , or may have different diameter central body portions as shown in embodiment  632 . The varying diameter body portions of embodiment  632  allows separate lace segments coupled with the individual channels to be wound or tensioned at different rates. Accordingly, differential tightening and/or zonal adjustment of the shoe or article may be achieved via a single reel assembly. In some embodiments, the lace materials and/or properties used for the different spools and/or channels may be varied to further achieve differential or zonal shoe/article tightening. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7A , the zonal or differential tightening may be further adjusted by adjusting a distal end of the lace. The adjustable lace ends may be especially useful in the zonal tensioning embodiments described in greater detail hereinbelow.  FIG. 7A  illustrates a tensioning mechanism or reel assembly  650  that is configured to tension a plurality of individual and/or separate lace segments. Specifically, a proximal end of a first lace  652 , a second lace  654 , a third lace  656 , and the like, is coupled with reel assembly  650 . Each lace may be coupled with a separate or individual spool, or a lace channel of a spool, such as is illustrated in  FIGS. 7B and 7C . A distal end the first lace  652 , second lace  654 , or third lace  656 , or a distal end of each lace may be coupled with the shoe or other article or with a guide member (i.e.,  653 ,  655 , and the like) that is positioned within a zone of the shoe or otherwise coupled with the shoe. 
     In some embodiments, such as the zonal tensioning embodiments described hereinbelow, the first lace  652 , the second lace  654 , and/or the third lace  656  may each be positioned within separate zones so that tensioning of the laces differentially tensions the separate zones of the shoe or article. The distal ends of the first lace  652 , the second lace  654 , and/or the third lace  656  are adjustable relative to the shoe/article to vary a length of the respective lace within the respective zone. For example, the lace ends of the first lace  652 , the second lace  654 , and/or the third lace  656  include components or adjusters, such as cams, snaps, hooks, crimps, knots, and the like, that allow the termination points of the lace ends to be adjusted about the article and thereby vary the length of the respective lace within the respective zone. The components or adjusters may engage with guide member or termination points,  653 ,  655 , and the like, to prevent proximal movement of the lace about the shoe/article. For example, the cams, snaps, hooks, crimps, knots, and the like, may be positioned within a channel or aperture of the termination points,  653  and  655 , to prevent movement of the lace. The lace may be pulled distally of the termination point to shorten the lace length of a respective lace. In some embodiments, the distal end of the laces may include a tab that is graspable by a user to enable the user to adjust the distal end of the first tension member relative to the article. 
     The embodiments described herein allow the shoe to be custom fit in a relatively quick manner, which allows the user to quickly and conveniently close the shoe over the foot while providing a customized fit. Stated differently, the embodiments described herein enable one type of shoe to fit a wide variety of foot volumes and foot shapes. 
     In some embodiments, the above described spools could be geared in a vertical or horizontal arrangement, such as by using planetary gears. In one embodiment, multiple spools may be driven at different rates with a planetary intermediary gear that is able to provide varying spool speeds. In other embodiments, the spools could be belt driven, such as by a small cog belt or friction belt (e.g., rubber belt). 
     Flexible Heel Counter 
     In one embodiment, the shoe&#39;s heel counter may be flexible or adjustable by tensioning the lace. As shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , the heel counter  830  may be hinged to the shoe&#39;s sole to allow the heel counter  830  to pivot and press against the back of the user&#39;s foot. The lace  804  may be coupled with the heel counter  830  so that tensioning the lace  804  via reel assembly  802  pulls the heel counter  830  forward and into contact with the user&#39;s heel. In some embodiments, the attachment point of the lace and heel counter  830  may be adjusted (e.g., vertically) to allow the user to adjust the pull of the lace on the heel counter  830  and/or the pressure of the heel counter  830  on the back of the user&#39;s foot. Areas of portions of the collar may also be stiffened as the heel counter is adjusted, to tighten the shoe around the user&#39;s heel as desired. In one embodiment, the material of the medial and/or lateral sides of the shoe positioned just forward of the heel counter may be removed so that the shoe comprises an “open” configuration between the heel counter and the front of the heel as shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B . In such embodiments, the lace (or multiple laces) may traverse the open area and couple with the heel counter  830 . In other embodiments, webbing may traverse the open portion between the heel counter  830  and forward portion of the shoe. 
     Although not shown, in another embodiment, a split plate or member may be integrated with the heel counter. The split plate or member may have a separated center portion that may be pulled together with the lace  804  and reel assembly  802  to apply compression to the heel of the foot. In yet another embodiment, external straps may be pulled via the reel assembly  802  and/or lace  804  to apply a force or compression to the foot. As illustrated in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , the lace  804  may cross the “open” portion of the shoe multiple times to increase the closure force of the heel counter  830  about the user&#39;s heel. The lace  804  may be inserted through tubing that directs the lace  804  to the front of the shoe and/or along the shoe&#39;s tongue portion. As such, a single reel assembly  802  may be used to close the heel counter  830  about the user&#39;s heel and to close the shoe about the forefront of the foot. The multiple lace crossings about the “open” portion of the shoe may aid in closing the heel counter  830  about the heel in comparison to closing the forefront of the shoe. 
     Creating Curvature with the Lace 
     In some embodiments, the curvature or shape of the shoe may be changed as the lace is tensioned. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 9A-E , the lace  904  may initially be straight and a portion or area of the shoe flat. The lace  904  or portion of the shoe may curve as the lace  904  is tightened via reel assembly  902 . In some embodiments, a member or compression panel  906  may be configured to bow inward as the lace  904  is tensioned to force the portion of the shoe inward against the user&#39;s foot. The curved portion of the shoe, or compression member  906 , may “pinch” or press against a desired portion of the foot, such as the calcaneus, to apply pressure to that area. In some embodiments, the compression member  906  may be controlled with an independent reel (not shown) or share a reel with other portions of the shoe that are tensioned. In one embodiment, the shoe may include one or more members (e.g., plastic pieces) with a hinge built therein and a lace track in the back so that when the lace is tensioned, the one or more members provide the desired curvature. It should be realized that the curved portion of the shoe can include various deflectable or elastic members and may be positioned at various areas where a “pinch” or similar compression is desired. 
     Zonal Tensioning 
     As described briefly above, in some embodiments the lacing system and/or reel assembly may be used to provide “zonal” tensioning. As used herein, zonal tensioning means that separate or individual portions or regions of the shoe or article are differentially tightened. Zonal tensioning may improve the fit of the shoe about the foot, or the fit of an article about the body, by allowing the individual or separate portions/regions to be tightened about the foot in a customized and/or desired manner. For example, the upper region of the shoe may be tightened at a differential rate from the forefront of the shoe, which may increase the fit or hold of the shoe about the foot. Similarly, the heel or collar of the shoe may be differentially tightened from the forefront to increase the hold of the shoe about the heel. The differential tightness may be adjusted or configured based on an activity of the user, or based on a desired fit or wear of the shoe. Differential tightening also allows the shoe to be tailored or customized to unique and individual foot shapes and sizes, which increases the comfort and/or fit of the shoe about the unique foot. 
     Many of the zonal tensioning embodiments include a first guide member that is coupled with the article (hereinafter shoe) and positioned within a first zone of the shoe. The embodiments also include a second guide member that is coupled with the shoe and positioned within a second zone of the shoe. At least a portion of the second zone may be different than the first zone. The embodiments may also include other guide members that are positioned within the first zone, the second zone, and/or other zones of the shoe. A first tension member (hereinafter first lace) is guided by the first guide member within the first zone of the shoe. Tensioning of the first lace causes tightening of the first zone of the shoe. A second tension member (hereinafter second lace) is guided by the second guide member within the second zone of the shoe. Tensioning of the second lace causes tightening of the second zone of the shoe. The embodiments may also include other laces that are guided by guide members within the first zone, second zone, and/or additional zones. 
     A tensioning mechanism or reel assembly (hereinafter reel assembly) is also coupled with the shoe and with the first lace and second lace. The reel assembly is configured to tension the first lace and second lace to tighten the first and second zones. In some embodiments, the reel assembly may be operated to differentially tension the first lace and the second lace, and thereby differentially tighten the first and second zones of the shoe. 
     In some embodiments, the shoes may be custom fit by using multiple laces that attach to a spool and/or by using lace ends that may be adjustable or fit into an adjustable lace end as describe in  FIGS. 7A-C .  FIGS. 10A-12N  illustrate various embodiments of zonal tensioning systems and components. For illustrative purposes,  FIG. 10E  shows an embodiment that utilizes a single tension zone. In  FIG. 10E , when the lace is tensioned, via a reel assembly, the lace throughout the single zone is approximately equally tensioned, accounting for any frictional losses. In contrast, the other embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 10A-12R  may be used to differentially tension individual tension zones of the shoe. 
     In one embodiment, the closure system may include multiple laces that are configured to tighten separate zones of the shoe and that have lace ends that terminate in or adjacent the separate zones. In some embodiments, the lace ends may be adjustable relative to the shoe and/or separate zones to vary the length of the lace available for tightening the respective zone. For example, as shown in  FIG. 10A , the lacing system may include a first lace  1002  that crosses the shoe&#39;s tongue and terminates in a first lace end  1012 . The lace path of the first lace  1002  may represent a first zone of the shoe. The lacing system also includes a second lace  1004  that crosses the shoe&#39;s tongue and terminates in a second lace end  1014 . The lace path of the second lace  1004  may represent a second zone of the shoe. The first and second laces,  1002  and  1004 , may be differentially tensioned to differentially tightened the first and second zones of the shoe, and thereby vary the force applied by the shoe on the user&#39;s foot. 
     In one embodiment, the length of the first and/or second lace,  1002  and  1004 , may be adjusted or varied within the respective zones to allow the zones to be differentially tightened. For example, the first lace  1002  may include an adjustment component or system, such as those described in  FIG. 7A  or described elsewhere herein, that allows the first lace end  1012  to be varied relative to the shoe. The second lace  1004  length may likewise include an adjustment component that allows the second lace end  1014  to be adjusted relative to the shoe. Subsequent operation of the reel assembly may differentially tension the first and second laces,  1002  and  1004 . Additional methods of varying the lace ends are described hereinbelow. 
       FIG. 10B  illustrates another embodiment of zonal tensioning. Specifically, the lacing system includes three zones having a first lace  1022  that terminates at a first lace end  1023 , a second lace  1024  that terminates at a second lace end  1025 , and a third lace  1026  that terminates at a third lace end  1027 . A single reel assembly tensions all three laces,  1022 ,  1024 , and  1026 . The lace lengths of one or more of the laces,  1022 ,  1024 , and  1026 , may be adjusted to provide a desired and/or differential tension and pressure in each zone. For example, the lace ends of one or more of the respective laces may include adjustment members that allow the ends to be adjusted relative to the shoe as described herein. In some embodiments, one or more of the laces may be routed to the various zones via tubing that is coupled with the shoe. 
       FIGS. 10C and 10D  illustrate another embodiment of zonal tensioning. Specifically, a first lace  1032  may wrap around the collar of the shoe and define a first tension zone while a second lace  1034  crisscrosses the shoe&#39;s tongue and defines a second tension zone. The first lace  1032  may traverse through a fabric sleeve and/or tubing (e.g., via tube-in-tube configuration of  FIGS. 6C and 6D ) and may compress the collar around the user&#39;s ankle while the second lace  1034  applies pressure to the forefront of the user&#39;s foot. In some embodiments, both ends of the first lace  1032  may be coupled with the reel so that operation of the reel pulls on both ends of the lace. In another embodiment, one end of the first lace  1032  may be terminated and/or adjustable (not shown). As shown in  FIG. 10C , in some embodiments the second lace  1034  may terminate in a lace end  1035 , which may allow for adjustment of the lace length. In other embodiments, both ends of the second lace  1034  may couple with the reel assembly as shown in  FIG. 10D . 
       FIG. 10F  illustrates another embodiment of providing zonal tensioning. Specifically, a first lace  1042  may traverse an upper region of the shoe&#39;s tongue and terminate at a first lace end, or couple with the reel assembly  1043 , to define a first tension zone adjacent the upper region of the shoe&#39;s tongue. An end of the first lace  1042  may be adjustable as described herein. The first lace  1042  may be guided by first guides  1041  that are positioned within the first tension zone. A second lace  1044  may traverse a lower portion of the shoe&#39;s tongue and terminate at a second lace end  1045  to define a second tension zone adjacent the lower region of the shoe&#39;s tongue. The second lace end  1045  may be adjustable as described herein. The second lace  1044  may be guided by second guides  1046  that are positioned within the second tension zone. In some embodiments, the first and/or second lace,  1042  and  1044 , may traverse the respective zones of the shoe in a square or crisscrossing manner as shown in  FIG. 10F . Reel assembly  1043  may be operated to differentially tension the first and/or second lace,  1042  and  1044 , and thereby differentially tighten, or apply zonal pressure, to the first and second tension zones as described herein, which may custom fit the shoe about the user&#39;s foot. 
     Although the reel assembly in  FIGS. 10A-F  is generally descried as differentially tensioning the lace and differentially tightening the shoe, it should be realized that in some embodiment, the tension in the individual laces and/or separate zones of the shoe may be roughly the same. In such embodiments, operation of the reel assembly may roughly equally tension the lace and/or equally tighten the separate zones. 
       FIG. 10G  illustrates another embodiment of zonal tensioning. Specifically, a first lace  1054  is guided by first guide members  1056  that are positioned within and define a first zone  1057  about the tongue of the shoe. Both ends of the first lace  1054  are coupled with a reel assembly  1052  and are tensionable thereby to tighten the first zone  1057  about an upper portion of the user&#39;s foot. A second lace  1055  is guided by second guide members  1058  that are positioned within and define a second zone  1059  about the tongue of the shoe. At least a portion of the second zone  1059  is different than the first zone  1057  although the two zones may overlap to some degree so that tensioning of one or both laces tightens both zones to some small degree. Both ends of the second lace  1055  are coupled with the reel assembly  1052  and are tensionable thereby to tighten the second zone  1059  about a lower portion of the user&#39;s foot. Coupling both ends of the first and second lace,  1054  and  1055 , with the reel assembly  1052  may provide an improved closure and fit of the shoe about the user&#39;s foot. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10G , in some embodiments, the first zone  1057  may include two guide members  1056  while the second zone  1059  includes four guide members  1058 . In other embodiments, the number of guide members used in each zone may be varied and/or the first and second laces,  1054  and  1055 , may each be guided by one or more of the same guide members. Although not shown in  FIG. 10G , in some embodiments an initial tension of the first and/or second lace,  1054  and  1055 , may be varied to affect the differential tightness applied and/or achieved in each zone. For example, the lace adjustment mechanisms described in  FIGS. 12A-Q , and particularly  12 O-Q, may be used to vary the initial tension in the first and/or second lace,  1054  and  1055 , as desired. For example, in some embodiments the first guide members  1056  and/or second guide members  1058  may have an open back or open channel configuration that allows the respective lace to be removed or uncoupled from the guide. The lace may then be coupled with an adjacent guide member as shown in  FIG. 12O . In other embodiments, the first guide members  1056  and/or second guide members  1058  may be positioned on a track that allows the guide member to be proximally and distally moved relative to the shoe as shown in  FIGS. 12P and 12Q . 
     Lace Length Adjustment via Teeter Mechanisms 
       FIGS. 11A-11D  illustrate various embodiments that may be employed to differentially tension lace and/or differentially tighten zones. Differential lace tension/zone tightness is typically achieved by varying the length of the lace within a respective zone. The embodiments of  FIGS. 11A-11D  illustrate various methods in which lace length within zones of a shoe may be varied. 
     In some embodiments, zonal pressure or differential tightness may be achieved by employing a “teeter” or adjustment mechanism. The “teeter” or adjustment mechanism is used to adjust a respective amount of lace within a zone that is tensioned via a reel assembly. As used herein, the term “teetering” generally means lengthening a lace within one zone while shortening another lace in a separate zone by a corresponding amount. Such teetering or lace adjustment may be achieved using a special reel mechanism. For example, a first end of a lace may be pulled or moved out of a first port of the reel mechanism while a second and opposite end of the lace is drawn into a second port of the reel mechanism. In some embodiments, the reel assembly may also function as the teeter or adjustment mechanism. 
       FIG. 11A  illustrates one embodiment of a teeter or adjustment mechanism  1102  (hereinafter teeter mechanism). A single lace is positioned through the teeter mechanism  1102  with a first portion  1104  exiting and positioned on a first side of the teeter mechanism  1102  and a second portion  1106  exiting and positioned on a second side of the teeter mechanism  1102  opposite the first side. The first portion  1104  terminates at a first end  1102  while the second portion terminates at a second end  1105 , which may be adjacent a forefront of the shoe. The relative lengths of the first portion  1104  and the second portion  1106  may be adjusted by pulling the lace through the teeter mechanism  1102 , which increases the tension in either the first portion  1104  or second portion  1106  while decreasing the tension in the other portion. Subsequent operation of the reel assembly, which may be the same mechanism as teeter mechanism  1102 , differentially tensions each lace portion,  1104  and  1106 , thereby applying a differential zonal pressure or tightness. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11B , the first portion  1104  and second portion  1106  may have an relatively equal tension (upper image) so that operation of the reel assembly (e.g., teeter mechanism  1102 ) applies an approximately equal tension in both lace portions. Or, as shown in middle image, the first portion  1104  may be pulled through the teeter mechanism  1102  (e.g., through a channel) so that the lace is unbalanced on opposing sides with the first portion  1104  having a relatively greater lace length and less lace tension. Similarly, as shown in bottom image, the second portion  1106  may be pulled through the teeter mechanism  1102  so that the lace is unbalanced on opposing sides with the second portion  1106  having a relatively greater lace length and less lace tension. Subsequent operation of the reel assembly (e.g., teeter mechanism  1102 ) in the unbalanced state creates differential tension in the first and second lace portions,  1104  and  1106 , and differential zonal pressure or tightness within the shoe. The first and second portions,  1104  and  1106 , may be traversed across the shoe in any desired manner to provide a desired zonal pressure configuration and/or effect. In some embodiments, the lace may be pulled through the teeter mechanism  1102  by hand when the reel assembly is in an lace setting state, or other components (not shown) may be used to pull the lace through the teeter mechanism  1102 . 
       FIG. 11C  illustrates a teeter system that uses a teeter mechanism or device  1102  that is separate from the reel assembly  1110 . The lacing system may include a first lace or lace portion  1104  that is coupled with the reel assembly  1110  and that traverses along or about a first zone of the shoe. The first lace  1104  terminates at the teeter mechanism  1102 . The lacing system also includes a second lace or lace portion  1106  that likewise is coupled with the reel assembly  1110  and that traverse along or about a second zone of the shoe. The second lace  1106  likewise terminates at the teeter mechanism  1102 . Operation of the teeter mechanism  1102  lengthens either the first lace  1104  or second lace  1106  and shortens the other lace. In some embodiments, each end of the lace,  1104  and  1106 , may be pre-wound onto or about teeter mechanism  1102  by at least one revolution. 
     The laces,  1104  and  1106 , may be would in opposite directions so that turning the knob of teeter mechanism  1102  winds one of the laces,  1104  and  1106 , out of a first port while winding the opposite lace into a second port. Increased pre-winding of the lace,  1104  and  1106 , about teeter mechanism  1102  may increase, or provide additional, stroke as desired. In this manner, the tension in each lace may be adjusted so that operation of the reel assembly  1110  differentially tensions the respective laces,  1104  and  1106 , by a desired amount to apply a desired differential zonal pressure or tightness. Embodiments of winding the lace,  1104  and  1106 , about the teeter mechanism  1102  are illustrated in  FIG. 11D . In one embodiment, the teeter mechanism  1102  may include a two-tiered spool arrangement that is positioned within a housing. The two-tiered spool may or may not include different diameter spools as described previously. Rotation of the spool via teeter mechanism  1102  may vary the lengths of the first and second laces,  1104  and  1106 . In other embodiments, the teeter mechanism  1102  may be a lever, a cam, a pull through spool device, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, teeter mechanism  1102  may be a second reel assembly that may have a configuration and/or function similar to reel assembly  1110 . In such embodiments, a knob of the second reel assembly (i.e., teeter mechanism  1102 ) may be rotated to wind first lace portion  1104  or second lace portion  1106  about a spool of the reel assembly while unwinding the other lace portion from the spool. In this manner, the lace tension in one of the lace portions may be increased while the lace tension in the other lace portion is simultaneously decreased. As such, the second reel assembly may be used to influence the lace length and/or initial lace tension in the first and second zones and thereby zonally or differentially tension the lace. 
     In other embodiments, multiple tracks or panels, multiple guides, and/or one or more crossover points may be used to create differential tension with a single reel. Further, the shoe may be fitted with multiple areas where releasing guides may be attached so that the tension applied in one or more zones may be adjusted based on the specific user. 
     Lace Termination Adjustment 
     In some embodiments, the lace length may be adjusted at the lace ends or termination points to vary an initial tension in respective laces (i.e., prior to operation of a reel assembly).  FIGS. 12A-12R  illustrate various embodiments in which the ends of a lace may be adjusted. These embodiments may be employed in the device illustrated in  FIG. 7A  wherein the lace ends are each adjustable to differentially tension the lace and/or differentially tighten various zones of a shoe or article. 
       FIGS. 12A and 12B  illustrate a ball and string, or cylinder and string, concept for adjusting lace length. Specifically, a distal portion of the lace may include “balls/cylinders”  1204  or enlarged portions, which fit and lock within grooves or recessed lace ends  1202 . The lace may be pulled until a desired tension or lace length is achieved and a ball/cylinder or enlarged portion  1204  adjacent the recessed end  1202  may be inserted within the recessed end  1202  to lock the lace in place. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12C , in another embodiment the lace may be coupled with a ratchet system,  1206  and  1208 , that allows the lace length to be adjusted by operation of the ratchet device  1208 . The lace may be coupled with a ratchet track  1206  that is moved proximally and distally via ratchet device  1208 . Movement of the ratchet track  1206  cause the lace to length or shorten within a respective zone of the shoe or article. As shown in  FIG. 12D , in another embodiment the lace  1210  may be coupled with a rotatable knob  1212  or cam that winds the lace around a spool to adjust the lace length. The knob  1212  or cam may have a limited range of motion, such as by using an internal mechanism/stop or external mechanism/stop, so that the lace length variation is limited to a defined amount. As illustrated in  FIG. 12R , in another embodiment the lace  1214  may be coupled with a cable adjustment system, which may include a bolt or screw  1218  that is coupled with the lace  1214  and that is threaded through a nut  1216  that presses against a stop component  1220  that is anchored to the shoe or article. As the bolt  1218  is rotated relative to the nut  1216 , the threads of bolt  1218  and nut  1216  cause the bolt  1218  to displace relative to the nut  1216  and thereby move relative to the shoe or article. Displacement of the bolt  1218  in this manner varies the length of the lace  1214  within a zone of the shoe or article and thereby varies the tension in the lace  1214 . 
       FIGS. 12E-G  illustrate various ladder lock systems that may be used to vary the lace length. The ladder lock systems include a lock  1232   a - c  that may be moved proximally and distally along a ladder  1230   a - c , respectively, and coupled therewith to increase or decrease the lace length within a zone of the shoe or article and thereby tension the lace by a desired amount.  FIG. 12H  illustrates another embodiment of a lace length varying system. In this embodiment, the lace  1242  may be pulled through a garage or stop component  1240  until the lace  1242  has a desired tension or lace length. A ferrule  1244  may then be crimped about the lace  1242  and the lace released. The ferrule  1244  prevents the lace  1242  from being pulled proximally through the garage  1240 . As illustrated in  FIG. 12I , in another embodiment the lace  1254  may be pulled through a collar or housing  1250  until the lace  1254  has a desired lace length or tension. A set screw  1252 , detent, and the like, may then be screwed or positioned to pinch the lace  1254  within the collar  1250  and prevent proximal movement of the lace  1254  relative to the collar  1250 . In both embodiments, an excess amount of the lace may be cut and discarded if desired. 
       FIG. 12K  illustrates yet another embodiment of a lace length adjustment system. In this embodiment, the lace  1264  may be coupled with webbing  1260  that is positioned through and coupled with a buckle component  1262 . The webbing  1260  may include holes or other features that allow the webbing  1260  to be coupled at various positions about buckle  1262  to vary the lace  1264  length and/or tension. As shown in  FIG. 12L , in another embodiment the lace  1272  may be coupled with a rack  1270  that is movable via a pinion  1274 . Movement of the rack  1270  varies the lace length within a zone of the shoe or article and thereby tension the lace  1272  by a desired amount. In one embodiment, opposite ends of the rack  1270  may be coupled with a first lace  1272  and a second lace  1276  so that operation of the pinion  1274  and movement of the rack  1270  “teeter” and/or adjust the relative lengths of the first and second laces,  1272  and  1276 , as described herein. As shown in  FIGS. 12M  and N, in another embodiment the lace  1284  may be coupled with a “worm” or “wormshaft”  1282  that may be moved proximally and distally via a worm gear  1280 . Movement of the wormshaft  1282  may vary the lace length within a zone of the shoe or article and thereby tension the lace  1284  by a desired amount. In one embodiment, opposite ends of the wormshaft  1282  may be coupled with a first lace  1284  and a second lace  1286  so that operation of the worm gear  1280  and movement of the wormshaft  1282  “teeter” and/or adjust the relative lengths of the first and second laces,  1284  and  1286 , as described herein.  FIG. 12J  illustrates another variation of the worm gear embodiment. 
       FIG. 12O  illustrates an embodiment of a lace tension adjustment system. Specifically, the illustrated shoe includes a plurality of “open-back” guide members (i.e.,  1291 ,  1292 , and  1293 ) that are positioned adjacent one another about a side of the shoe. The open-back guide members include an open channel or back configuration that allows lace to be coupled or uncoupled from a respective guide member by placing the lace over the open channel, or removing the lace therefrom, in a hook like manner. Because the guide members (i.e.,  1291 ,  1292 , and  1293 ) are positioned adjacent one another about the side of the shoe, the lace may be removed from the open channel of one guide member and repositioned within an open channel of an adjacent guide member to increase or decrease the tension in the lace as desired. 
       FIG. 12P  illustrates an embodiment of a lace tension adjustment system that includes a guide member  1295  that may be moved proximally and distally within a track  1294  to vary lace tension. The guide member  1295  is coupled with lace as described herein and includes a boss or projection that may be removably positioned within an aperture of the track  1294 . The track  1294  includes multiple apertures that may be coupled with the boss or projection of the guide member  1295 . In this manner, the guide member  1295  may be removed from one of the apertures of track  1294 , moved proximally or distally with respect to track  1294 , and repositioned within another aperture of track  1294  to tension the lace as desired. The track  1294  may be coupled with a side of a shoe similar to the arrangement of guides  1291 - 1293  to allow the guide member  1295  to be moved along or about the side of the shoe similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 12O .  FIG. 12Q  is similar to  FIG. 12P  in that a guide member  1296  may be moved proximally and distally about a side of the shoe, but differs in that the guide member  1296  is configure to move along or about a strip of webbing or fabric  1297 . The guide member  1296  includes a ring, hook, cam, or clamp component that allows the guide member  1296  to be coupled with fabric or webbing strip  1297 . In this manner, the guide member  1296  may be moved about the shoe to tension lace that is coupled therewith by a desired amount. The embodiments of  FIG. 12O-Q  may be used to affect the differential tightening of one or more zones of a shoe by varying the tension in one or more laces positioned within the respective zone. 
     Gross Adjustment 
     In one embodiment, the lace winding system may include gross or macro adjustment features.  FIGS. 13A-E  illustrate various embodiments of gross or macro adjustment. In  FIGS. 13A-C  the lace  1306  may be coupled with a lever  1302  that is positionable into one of a plurality of slots of a ladder system  1304  and folded over to tension the lace  1306  and provide gross or macro closure of an opening of the shoe or other device, such as a brace. The lace  1306  is subsequently wound via a reel assembly  1308  to provide fine or micro adjustment and/or tensioning of the lace  1306 . In another embodiment, the lace  1314  may be coupled with multiple foldable panels  1312  that fold over one another to tension the lace  1314  and provide gross or macro closure of an opening of the shoe or other device, such as the illustrated brace  1318 . A reel assembly (not illustrated) may be subsequently operated to provide fine or micro tensioning of the system. 
       FIGS. 13D and 13E  illustrate another embodiment of a gross or macro adjustment system. Specifically, a plurality of posts  1372  may be positioned along the shoe, such as centrally along the tongue or on one side of the shoe (or elsewhere). The lace  1374  may be pulled to close the shoe about the foot and a distal portion of the lace  1374  may be positioned around one of the posts  1372 . The lace  1374  may be run through and/or around various guides  1377  as described herein. Proximally and distally moving the lace  1374  relative to the posts  1372  and positioning the lace  1374  around one of the posts  1372  provides gross adjustment of the fit of the shoe. Additional tensioning of the lace  1374  may then be achieved using reel assembly  1376  as described herein. In some embodiments, the distal portion of the lace  1374  that is positioned around the posts  1372  may include a pull tab  1378  to facilitate pulling and placement of the lace  1374  about the posts  1372 . 
     Software Fitting System 
     In some embodiments, a system may use software in fitting a shoe to an individual user. For example, an image of the user&#39;s foot may be acquired (e.g., via picture, scan, sensed pressure, and the like) and a program may be run to determines or tailor a fit of the shoe to the user. For example, in one embodiment the user may stand on a sensory pad that measures pressure points from the user&#39;s foot. Based on the input received, the system may determine or calculate an optimal fit of the shoe for the user. The system may determine that additional heal compression is needed or that increased arch support is need for the user and provide this feedback to a service provider who would custom or tailor fit the shoe for the individual. The lace length, lace guide configuration, lace tension, and the like may be adjusted based on the feedback provided by the system. Likewise, the lace length, termination point of individual laces, reel selection, lace guide positioning, and the like may be adjusted based on the determined or calculated fit. 
     In another embodiment, the calculations may be provided to the user and the initial adjustments performed by the user. For example, a “fit number” may be displayed to the user as the user steps on a pressure scale or other device. The user may then adjust the configuration of the lace winding system based on the fit number. A small instructional manual may be provided to the user that instructs the user on adjusting the configuration based on the calculated fit number. 
     Since the shoe may be tailor fit to the individual user, gross adjustment of the shoe may not be needed. Rather, the gross adjustment of the shoe may be performed once and the user may only be required to perform subsequent micro-adjustments to the shoe. This may reduce the complexity of the overall closure system and provide the user with a more positive experience of the shoe closure system. 
     The above process may be particularly useful for closure systems having multiple lace termination points, multiple zones, or multiple laces because these configurations are typically less “self-adjusting” than single zone or lace systems. The individual zones, laces, and/or termination points may be tailor fit to the user, thereby reducing the complexity of properly fitting a shoe. Minor adjustments may then be compensated for by the user, which adjustments are typically less difficult or taxing. The above described system may also be used in fitting medical devices or braces with the lace winding system. 
     Torsion Bar or Flexible Tensioning Shaft 
     In another embodiment, the zonal fit of the shoe about the user&#39;s foot may be adjusted by using a flexible tensioning shaft or a torsion bar. As shown in  FIG. 14A-C , a rod or flexible tensioning shaft  1702  may extend along the medial or lateral side of the shoe and may be used to tension a plurality of zones of the shoe. A lace or strap  1704  length from the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  to each of the zones may be adjusted based on the shape of the user&#39;s foot, and/or for various other reasons, so that tensioning of the lace or strap  1704  via the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  provides a custom fit. The lace or strap  1704  lengths for one or each of the zones may be determined using the software and system described previously, or using any other manner. The lace or strap ends  1708  may be adjusted and terminated as described herein, such as by using a locking component (e.g., ladder lock, buckle, and the like) and adjusting a distal end of the lace or strap  1704  relative to the locking component. 
     In some embodiments, the lace or strap  1704  may be coupled with the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  by inserting an end of the lace or strap  1704  through a slot  1706  in the flexible tensioning shaft  1702 . The lace of strap  1704  may then be wound on itself via the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  and a gear mechanism  1720 , which may include a reel assembly  1722  and gear  1724 . In some embodiments, the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  may be disposed or positioned within tubing (not shown) that is in turn disposed within on upper material of the shoe or positioned externally thereof. In other embodiments, the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  may extend along an outer surface of the shoe and be coupled therewith using one or more bearings or locks (not shown). 
     In one embodiment, the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  may have an adjustable slip clutch at one or more of the zones that allows the lace or strap  1704  within one or more zones to be tensioned to or by a defined amount. For example, the adjustable slip clutch may be set at a desired tension and the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  tensioned (e.g., via reel assembly  1722 ) until the zone or zones reaches the set tension. After reaching the set tension, the clutch may slip so that additional tension is not applied to the lace or strap  1704 . When the slip clutch  1712  is adjusted to a desired tension, the slip clutch may be “locked out” so as to slip at the desired tension. In this manner, the tension in one or more zone, and in some embodiments each zone, may be controlled so that respective laces are tensioned by a desired amount. In some embodiments, the laces or straps  1704  may be coupled with additional straps that allow gross adjustment of the individual laces and/or fine tuning of the lace or strap  1704  tension via the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  and/or slip clutch system. 
     The slip clutch may also allow the overall design of the reel and lace winding system to be simplified. For example, the reel may be designed to withstand over tightening by relatively strong individuals to ensure that the reel and lace winding system does not break. These design constraints may be relaxed with the use of a slip clutch since the system may only allow a defined amount of tension to be placed on the lace before the reel and/or lace winding system slip. 
     In another embodiment, the lace may terminate in one or more ends that are configured to compensate for or adjust to different lace tensions. Using such ends, lace in individual zones of the shoe may be tensioned to a desired amount. For example, the lace may be coupled with webbing ends that begin to elastically deform or stretch when a defined tension is applied. The lace in each zone may be adjusted to deform at the same or differential tensions so that a desired tension in each zone is ultimately provided. The user may tension the system until a comfortable fit is achieved. If a different fit in one or more zones is subsequently desired, the lace ends (e.g., webbing ends) may be adjusted so as to deform at a different tension. The differential tension may also be achieved by adjusting the lace length at the termination points. The lace ends and/or lace length may then be “locked out” so that a desired tension is achieved in the one or more zones. 
     In yet another embodiment, the above described slip clutch may be used to determine an initial tension and then subsequently “locked out” so that the lace in individual zones is tensioned by approximately the same amount. For example, the lace may be wound and each lace may be tensioned to a defined amount. When the laces are tensioned to the defined amount, the slip clutch system may be locked so that additional tensioning of the system tensions the laces in each zone by roughly the same amount. 
     In some embodiments, the lace or straps  1704  in separate zones may be differentially tensioned to differentially tighten the separate zones. This may improve the fit and/or comfort of the shoe. Differential tension may be achieved by varying the lace or strap  1704  length within the various zones. Subsequent operation of the reel assembly  1722  may then differentially tension the lace or straps  1704 . The lace or strap length may be varied on the side of the shoe adjacent the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  and/or on the opposite side adjacent end  1708 . In some embodiments, rotation of the flexible tensioning shaft  1702  winds approximately an equal length of the lace or straps  1704  around the rod body of flexible tensioning shaft  1702 , or unwinds approximately an equal length of the lace or straps  1704  therefrom. 
       FIGS. 14D and 14E  illustrate another embodiment of a flexible tensioning shaft  1730  being used to tension a boot. The flexible tensioning shaft system includes a reel assembly  1732  and one or more gears (not shown) that rotate or twist flexible tensioning shaft  1730 . Positioned along the longitudinal length of flexible tensioning shaft  1730  are one or more laces or straps  1728  that extend across the forefront and/or tongue of the boot. The laces or straps  1728  are coupled with a gross adjustment mechanism, such as a camlock or lever buckle  1740  that may be pulled, inserted into a grooved slot, and rotated to initially tension the lace or straps  1728 . Lever mechanism  1740  may be similar to that previously described embodiments. The straps  1728  may be coupled with flexible tensioning shaft  1730  via slots, weld bars  1742 , pinch points, buckles, and the like.  FIGS. 14D and 14E  further illustrate flexible tensioning shaft  1730  traversing several slots or channels  1738  that hold the flexible tensioning shaft  1730  in place relative to the boot and that allow the flexible tensioning shaft  1730  to be rotated to tension the laces or straps  1728 . 
     Other Embodiments 
     In another embodiment, the shoe may include a single strap, or a few straps, that are positioned around the shoe. The lace of the winding system may go around the shoe, or be coupled with the strap, so that as the lace is tensioned, a single “cinch” point is created where the shoe closes or comes together. 
     In another embodiment, the lace winding system may be designed to grab a portion or portions of the body, such as the heel and mid-foot. This embodiment may be particularly useful in ankle brace applications to stabilize that portion of the foot. The lace winding system may pull opposite sides of the shoe together to provide this support. For example, the lace winding system may be coupled with a “pita pocket” or opposite sides of the shoe near the midsole so that as the lace is tightened, the pocket or opposite sides of the show tighten, or puff up, around the user&#39;s foot in a supportive manner. 
     In another embodiment, a portion of the shoe may be adjusted to the user and then the lace winding system subsequently coupled with the shoe. For example, the shoe “upper” may be elastic and may be fit to the user&#39;s foot prior to the lace winding system being coupled with the shoe. The shoe&#39;s upper, or any other portion of the shoe, may be composed of an initial settable material, such as a thermally settable material, light settable, and the like, so that the shoe conforms to the shape of the user&#39;s foot upon the application of heat, UV light, and the like. For example, a thermally formable piece of plastic (e.g., Lycra) may be positioned within an interior portion of, or throughout, the shoe, such as within foam padding. The shoe may then be formed to the user&#39;s foot and thermally set in that position so that the shoe is essentially an approximately perfect fit. The lace winding system may then be coupled with the shoe and/or custom fit to the shoe to allow easy donning and doffing thereof. Custom fitting the shoe in this manner may provide a more desirable “shrink wrap” feel where the user&#39;s foot is in increased contact with and/or cushioned by the shoe material. 
     In one embodiment, a formable or elastic upper may be integrated with roughly rigid parts or pieces of the shoe so that a better fit of the shoe with the lace winding system is provided. The formable or elastic upper may be formed to the user&#39;s foot and “locked” in the formed shape so that the ultimate shoe system is static and not necessarily elastic. 
     In another embodiment, a deformable member may be coupled with the shoe to allow the shoe to be custom fit to the individual user. For example, a deformable rod, wire, plates, shaft, and the like, may be inserted within a portion of the shoe. The deformable member may then be bent or formed into a custom shape that allows a custom fit or closure for the specific user. The deformable member be hardened (e.g., work hardened, cured, and the like) so that it maintains the custom shape and the shoe is custom fit to the user. In some embodiments, the deformable member may be formed external to the shoe with a specific piece of equipment or prior to inserting within the shoe. In a specific embodiment, the deformable member may be used to shape the eyestay of the shoe. 
     Having described several embodiments, it will be recognized by those of skill in the art that various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit of the invention. Additionally, a number of well-known processes and elements have not been described in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Accordingly, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. 
     Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included. 
     As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a process” includes a plurality of such processes and reference to “the device” includes reference to one or more devices and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. 
     Also, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” and “includes” when used in this specification and in the following claims are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, acts, or groups.