Patent Publication Number: US-2019185233-A1

Title: Bottle closure assembly including a polyethylene homopolymer composition

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/607,343, which was filed on Dec. 19, 2017. The contents of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/607,343 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure is directed to bottle closure assemblies which are made at least in part with a polyethylene homopolymer composition. The bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The manufacture of simple one-piece closures using polyethylene compositions is well known to persons skilled in the art. 
     Bottle closure systems and designs incorporating an integrated tethering means, which secures a cap portion to a bottle after the cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening are also well known. Such designs typically involve molding processes which present a more complicated and longer flow path for a chosen plastic material relative to simple one-piece closure designs. As such, it would be beneficial to make tethered closure systems using a thermoplastic material which shows good performance in molding applications, especially those which involve longer and more tortuous flow paths in a mold. It would also be advantageous to make a tethered closure system using a material that has sufficient stress crack resistance and flexibility, as the tethering portion would need to be both strong enough to prevent loss of the cap portion once it has been removed from a bottle opening, and flexible enough to allow the tethering portion to be formed or bent into suitable closure system designs. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure concerns bottle closure assemblies including a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion, where the bottle closure assembly is made at least in part from a polyethylene homopolymer composition. 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a bottle closure assembly which includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion, the bottle closure assembly being made at least in part from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly fitted to a bottle opening and in a “closed” or “sealed” position.  FIG. 1B  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly as a cap portion is rotated in order to bring about its removal from a bottle opening.  FIG. 1C  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly after a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 1C  shows how an elongated tether portion connects at least one point on a cap portion to at least one point on a retaining collar portion once a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening. 
         FIG. 2A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly fitted over a bottle opening and before a cap portion has been removed from a bottle.  FIG. 2B  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly after a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 2B  also shows how an elongated tether portion connects at least one point on a cap portion to at least one point on a retaining collar portion once a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening, thereby preventing its loss. 
         FIG. 3A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly.  FIG. 3B  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly after a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 3B  also shows how an elongated tether portion connects at least one point on a cap portion to at least one point on a retaining collar portion once a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening, thereby preventing its loss.  FIG. 3C  shows how an elongated tether portion connects at least one point on a cap portion to at least one point on a retaining collar portion once a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 3C  further shows that a bottle can be a carton, a container, or any other suitable containment vessel which has or is fitted with an aperture or opening which can be covered or sealed using a bottle closure assembly. 
         FIG. 4A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly in the absence of a bottle. The bottle closure assembly has a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion.  FIG. 4B  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly fitted over a bottle opening and before a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 4C  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly after a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening. 
         FIG. 5A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly in the absence of a bottle.  FIG. 5B  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly as a cap portion is rotated in order to bring about its removal from a bottle opening. 
         FIG. 6A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly which fits over a bottle opening.  FIG. 6B  show an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly after a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 6B  shows how an elongated tether portion connects at least one point on a cap portion to at least one point on a retaining collar portion once a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening. 
         FIG. 7A  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly fitted to a bottle opening and in a “closed” or “sealed” position.  FIG. 7B  shows an embodiment of a bottle closure assembly after a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening.  FIG. 7B  shows how an elongated tether portion connects at least one point on a cap portion to at least one point on a retaining collar portion once a cap portion has been removed from a bottle opening. 
         FIG. 8 . shows a gel permeation chromatograph for a polyethylene homopolymer composition used in an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9A  shows a perspective view of a closure having a tether proxy.  FIG. 9B  shows a front elevation view of a closure having a tether proxy. In  FIGS. 9A and 9B  a tether proxy connects a cap portion to a tamper evident band. 
         FIG. 10A  shows a perspective view of a closure having a tether proxy after much of the tamper evident band has been removed. In  FIG. 10A  a tether proxy connects a cap portion to the remaining section of the tamper evident band. 
         FIG. 10B  shows a front elevation partial cross-sectional schematic view of a closure having a tether proxy and being mounted on a pre-form for shear deformation testing. Prior to mounting the closure on the pre-form, much of the tamper evident band was removed. The tether proxy connects a cap portion to the remaining section of the tamper evident band. To measure shear deformation of the tether proxy, the remaining section of the tamper evident band is clamped in a stationary position to the pre-form, while the cap portion is rotated within a torque tester, as shown. 
         FIG. 10C  shows a side elevation partial cross-sectional schematic view of a closure having a tether proxy and being mounted on a pre-form for tear deformation testing. The tamper evident band was deflected down and away from the cap portion, while leaving the tether proxy intact. The tether proxy connects the cap portion to the downwardly deflected tamper evident band. To measure tear deformation of the tether proxy, the downwardly deflected tamper evident band is clamped in a stationary position to the pre-form, while the cap portion is rotated within a torque tester, as shown. 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  show a perspective view and a front elevation view respectively, of a tether proxy after much of the cap portion and much of the tamper evident band have been removed. To measure tensile deformation of the tether proxy, the remaining section of the cap portion and the remaining section of the tamper evident band are each clamped and then drawn apart in a vertical direction, within a tensile tester, as shown. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Any suitable bottle closure assembly design including a cap portion or a closure portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion is contemplated for use in the present disclosure, so long as it is made at least in part using a polyethylene homopolymer composition as described herein. However, some specific non-limiting examples of suitable bottle closure assemblies for use in the present disclosure are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,904,062; 4,474,302; 4,557,393; 4,564,114; 4,573,602; 4,583,652; 4,805,792; 5,725,115; 8,443,994; 8,720,716; 9,493,283; and 9,776,779; U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2004/0016715 and 2008/0197135; U.S. Design Pat. No. D593,856; and WO 2015/061834; all of which are incorporated herein by reference. For further reference, some bottle closure assembly designs which may be used in embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in  FIGS. 1-7 . 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including: a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion, the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and where the tether portion connects at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion, wherein the cap portion, optionally the tether portion, and optionally the retaining means portion are made from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including: a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining means portion, the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and the elongated tether portion being molded to connect at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion, wherein the cap portion, optionally the elongated tether portion, and optionally the retaining means portion are made from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including an integrally molded:cap portion, tether portion, and retaining means portion; the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and the tether portion being molded to connect at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion; wherein the integrally molded: cap portion, tether portion, and retaining means portion are made from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including an integrally molded: cap portion, elongated tether portion, and retaining means portion; the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and the elongated tether portion being molded to connect at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion; wherein the integrally molded: cap portion, elongated tether portion, and retaining means portion are made from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including an integrally molded: cap portion, elongated tether portion, and retaining collar portion; the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining collar portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and the elongated tether portion being molded to connect at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining collar portion; wherein the integrally molded: cap portion, elongated tether portion, and retaining collar portion are made from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including: a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion, the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining collar portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, the elongated tether portion including a tether strip which is frangibly connected along a portion of its upper edge to a descending annular edge of the cap portion and which is frangibly connected along a portion of its lower edge to an upper annular edge of the retaining collar portion, the tether strip being integrally formed with and connected at one end to at least one point on the cap portion and integrally formed with and connected at another end to at least one point on the retaining collar portion, the frangible sections being breakable when the cap portion is removed from a bottle opening, but where the cap portion remains connected to the retaining collar portion via the tether strip; wherein the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are integrally molded from a polyethylene composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including: a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion, the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the elongated tether portion including a tether strip which is frangibly connected along a portion of its upper edge to a descending annular edge of the cap portion and which is frangibly connected along a portion of its lower edge to an upper annular edge of the retaining collar portion, the tether strip being integrally formed with and connected at one end to at least one point on the cap portion and integrally formed with and connected at another end to at least one point on the retaining collar portion, the frangible sections being breakable when the cap portion is removed from a bottle opening, but where the cap portion remains connected to the retaining collar via the tether strip; wherein the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are integrally molded from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 weight percent (wt. %) of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     An embodiment of the disclosure is a bottle closure assembly including: a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion, the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and where the tether portion connects at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion, wherein the cap portion, optionally the tether portion, and optionally the retaining means portion are made from a polyethylene composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.955 to 0.965 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10; and wherein the polyethylene composition has a melt index, I 2  of from 0.5 to 10 g/10 min and a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 . 
     When integrally molded the bottle closure assembly presents long flow paths for a plastic material to fill during manufacturing. In the present disclosure, the term “integrally molded” means that the components referred to are molded in a single continuous mold. 
     In some embodiments, the cap portion is molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening or aperture from which a liquid or other type of foodstuffs can be dispensed and so is removable therefrom. 
     In some embodiments, the retaining means portion, which may in some embodiments be a retaining collar portion, is generally not to be removed, or is not easily removable from a bottle and in other embodiments of the disclosure, the retaining collar engages a bottle neck, or an upper portion of a bottle. 
     In some embodiments, the tether portion, which may in an embodiment of the disclosure be an elongated tether portion, connects at least one point of the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion, so that when the cap portion is removed from a bottle opening, the cap portion remains flexibly fixed to the bottle via the tether portion and the retaining means portion. 
     In the present disclosure, the terms “bottle”, “container”, “jar”, “carton”, “pouch”, “package”, and the like may be used interchangeably in the present disclosure. That is, a “bottle closure assembly” may also be considered a “container closure assembly”, a “jar close assembly”, a “carton closure assembly”, a “pouch closure assembly”, a “package closure assembly”, and the like. A person skilled in the art will understand that a “bottle closure assembly” as described in the present disclosure can be used to close or seal a number of different types of structural containers having different designs and contours. 
     The terms “cap”, “closure”, “closure portion”, “cap portion”, and the like, are used in the present disclosure to connote any suitably shaped molded article for enclosing, sealing, closing or covering etc., a suitably shaped opening, a suitably molded aperture, an open necked structure, or the like used in combination with a container, a bottle, a jar, and the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining means portion can reversibly or irreversible engage a bottle neck, a shoulder section of a bottle, or an upper portion of a bottle, or a fitment (e.g., a fitment on a pouch or a carton). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining means portion can also serve as a tamper evident band (TEB). 
     In the present disclosure, the term “bottle neck” should be construed to mean a bottle neck per se but also any sort of similar or functionally equivalent structure such as a spout, a spigot, a fitment, or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining means portion is molded or shaped to reversibly or irreversible engage a bottle neck, a shoulder section of a bottle, or an upper portion of a bottle. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining means portion is a retaining collar portion which reversibly or irreversibly engages a bottle neck, a shoulder section of a bottle, or an upper portion of a bottle. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining collar portion is circularly or annularly shaped so as to reversibly or irreversibly engage a bottle neck, a shoulder section of a bottle, or an upper portion of a bottle. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion where the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining means portion are all integrally molded in one piece. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining collar portion where the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are all integrally molded in one piece. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining means portion where the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining means portion are all integrally molded in one piece. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion where the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are all integrally molded in one piece. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion where the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining means portion are separately molded. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining collar portion where the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are separately molded. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining means portion where the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining means portion are separately molded. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion where the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are separately molded. 
     In embodiments of the disclosure, when separately molded the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining means portion may be fixed together using any means known in the art. For example, the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining means portion may be glued together, or welded together using applied heat, sonication or other methods known in the art for fusing plastic materials together. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining means portion where the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining means portion are made from the same or different materials. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, a tether portion, and a retaining collar portion where the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are made from the same or different materials. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining means portion where the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining means portion are made from the same or different materials. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion where the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are made from the same or different materials. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the “tether portion” is of sufficient length and/or has a design which allows removal of a “cap portion” from a bottle opening while at the same time preventing the loss of the cap portion by maintaining a connection between the cap portion and a bottle, container, or the like by forming a connection between at least one point on the cap portion and at least one point on a “retaining means portion”. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure the tether portion may be an “elongated tether portion”, where “elongated” means that the tether portion will have at least one dimension (length) which is larger than at least one other dimension (width or height/thickness) or vice versa. Or considered another way, “elongated” means that the tether has a length which is greater than its width and/or height/thickness. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure the tether portion will have dimensions (e.g., width and/or height/thickness) which offer sufficient strength to prevent facile cleavage or breakage of the tether when placed under stress or duress, such as for example when the tether is subjected to bending or flexional forces. For example, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the tether will have sufficient width and/or height/thickness so as to prevent facile breakage of the tether when masticated. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the “elongated tether portion” is of sufficient length and/or has a design which allows removal of a “cap portion” from a bottle opening while at the same time preventing the loss of the cap portion by maintaining a connection between the cap portion and a bottle, container, or the like by forming a connection between at least one point on the cap portion and at least one point on a “retaining means portion”. 
     In embodiments of the disclosure, the retaining means portion may be a “retaining collar portion” which engages some portion of a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, container, or the like. 
     In embodiments of the disclosure, the retaining means portion may be a “retaining collar portion” which irreversibly engages some portion of a bottle neck, a spout, a spigot, a fitment on a pouch, or the like. 
     Alternatively, the retaining means portion may be a “retaining collar portion” which engages a bottle neck, or an upper portion of a bottle, container, or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining collar portion may rotatably engage a bottle neck, or upper portion of a bottle, container, or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining means portion is a retaining collar portion which is molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, container, or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining collar portion is annularly shaped or circularly shaped and can fit over and engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, container, or the like. 
     The cap portion may be a single contiguous piece, or it may itself comprise one or more cap portion structures. 
     The tether portion in the present disclosure need not serve as a hinged connection between a cap portion and a retaining means portion (such as for example a retaining collar portion), and the tether portion need not comprise a hinged portion or area, but the tether portion may in some embodiments of the disclosure comprise a hinge and when present the hinge may be a so called “living hinge”. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the elongated tether portion has a length which is sufficient to allow the cap portion of the bottle closure assembly to swing or hang out of the way of a bottle opening, aperture, or the like so as not to interfere with the dispensation of the bottle contents, while at the same time tethering the cap portion to a bottle via the retaining means portion. 
     The cap portion may itself be a screw cap which threadingly engages a threaded system on a bottle neck, spigot, spout, valve, fitment on a pouch, or the like. The cap portion may alternatively be a snap cap which reversibly engages a bottle neck, spigot, spout, or the like. The cap portion may also reversibly engage a retaining collar portion in a snap fitting or in a complementary arrangement of threaded structures. The cap portion may comprise a first cap portion and a second cap portion, where the first cap portion engages the second cap portion in a snap fitting, and the second cap portion engages a bottle neck, or upper portion of a bottle in a reversible or irreversible manner. For example, a second cap portion may have a threaded structure which threadingly engages a threaded system on a bottle neck. Alternatively, the second cap portion may itself engage a bottle neck by any suitable type of snap fitting. The cap portion may also comprise more than two cap portions. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion adapted to close an opening in a bottle or the like by making a frictional engagement with the opening. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the cap portion has internal threads which mate with external threads surrounding an opening in a bottle, such as on a bottle neck, spigot, or spout for example. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining collar portion is adapted to cooperate with a shoulder or a flange on the neck of a bottle or an upper portion of a bottle which is to be sealed by the cap portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining collar portion is annularly or cylindrically shaped and fits onto the neck of a bottle and is coupled to the same, using any suitable coupling means, such as a snap fitting, or a threaded engagement. In an embodiment, the retaining collar portion is molded to snap fit onto a bottle neck, bottle aperture, spigot, spout, or the like. In an embodiment, the retaining collar portion may be threaded onto a bottle neck, bottle aperture, spigot, spout, or the like. In an embodiment the retaining collar portion may itself have an internal threading system which mates with external threads on a bottle neck, bottle aperture, spigot, spout, or the like. In an embodiment, the retaining collar portion is dimensioned to be engaged beneath a flange or shoulder molded into a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle. For example, the retaining collar portion may have an annular radial dimension which prevents it from moving past an annular shoulder integrally molded into a bottle neck or into an upper portion of a bottle. In this case the annular outwardly extending shoulder on a bottle neck or on an upper portion of a bottle acts as a camming surface which prevents movement of the retaining collar toward a bottle opening. Such a shoulder on a bottle could for example have a tapered outer annular edge which allows the retaining collar portion to be slipped onto the bottle in an irreversible manner. In an embodiment of the disclosure, there may be outwardly extending annularly spaced bosses or the like on a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, against which the retaining collar abuts to hold it on to a bottle neck, bottle aperture, spigot, spout, or the like. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that other means could be used to secure the retaining collar portion to a bottle neck, the upper portion of a bottle, a spout, spigot, and the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the elongated tether portion includes a connecting strip having a first end connected to a least one point of the cap portion and a second end connected to at least one point of the retaining collar portion, a lower edge and an upper edge, wherein when the cap portion is fitted on to a bottle opening, the connecting strip at least partially encircles a bottle neck, spout, or the like between the cap portion and the retaining collar portion, and where at least a portion of the upper edge of the connecting strip is frangibly connected to a lower edge of the cap portion, and where at least a portion of the lower edge of the connecting strip is frangibly connected to an upper edge of the retaining collar portion, and where when the cap portion is removed from a bottle opening by breaking the frangible connections between the cap portion, the connecting strip and the retaining collar portion, the cap portion remains secured to retaining collar portion and the bottle via the connecting strip. 
     In an embodiment the elongated tether portion is a cylindrically adapted connecting strip which at least partially encircles a bottle neck, spout, or the like and is located between the cap portion and the retaining collar portion prior to removal of the cap portion form a bottle opening. 
     In an embodiment the elongated tether portion has a first end which is connected to at least one point on the cap portion and a second end which is connected to at least one point on the retaining collar portion. 
     In an embodiment, the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are integrally molded so that the elongated tether portion has a first end which is connected to at least one point on the cap portion and a second end which is connected to at least one point on the retaining collar. 
     In an embodiment, the cap portion, the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are integrally molded so that the elongated tether portion has a first end which is connected to at least one point on the cap portion and a second end which is connected to at least one point on the retaining collar portion, and wherein the elongated tether portion has an upper edge and a lower edge, where at least a portion of the upper edge is frangibly connected to a lower edge of the cap portion, and at least a portion of the lower edge is frangibly connected to an upper edge of the retaining collar portion, the frangibly connected portions being breakable when the closure is removed from a bottle opening. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the frangible connections or frangibly connected portions are regularly or irregularly spaced molded sections (e.g., pins) having a dimension suitably small to allow facile breakage. 
     Frangible connections or frangibly connected portions can also be thought of as defining a weakening line along which the elongated tethering portion can be separated from the cap portion and the retaining collar portion. Such weakening lines can be generally defined as open sections alternating with bridging sections, where the bridging sections have a dimension suitably small to allow facile breakage. Alternatively, the weakening lines are defined by lines of plastic which have been made thin enough to break under stress. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, a single piece of a molded plastic having a suitable shape, is purposely weakened (by for example, regular or irregularly spaced cuts) along predetermined lines to define a cap portion, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion, wherein the cap portion is shaped to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion is shaped to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle, and where the elongated tether portion connects at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes an upper cap portion, an intermediate elongate tethering portion, and a lower retaining collar portion, where the intermediate elongate tethering portion has a first end permanently connected to at least one point of the upper cap portion and a second end permanently connected to at least one point on the lower retaining collar portion, wherein the intermediate elongate tethering portion is partially joined to a lower annular edge of the upper cap portion along a first peripheral weakening line and the intermediate elongate tethering portion is partially joined to an upper annular edge of the lower retaining collar portion along a second peripheral weakening line, wherein removal of the upper cap portion from a bottle separates the upper cap portion from the intermediate elongate tethering portion along the first peripheral weakening line and separates the lower retaining collar portion from the intermediate elongate tethering portion along the second weakening line, while maintaining a linkage between the upper cap portion and the lower retaining collar portion through the intermediate elongate tethering portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 1A-1C , the bottle closure assembly includes: an upper cap portion,  1  dimensioned to reversibly cover and close a bottle opening, a lower retaining collar portion,  10  dimensioned to irreversibly engage a bottle neck, or an upper portion of a bottle, and an elongated tether portion,  5  being dimensioned as a strip which at least partially encircles a bottle neck between the upper cap portion and the lower retaining collar portion, the strip including a first end, a second end, an upper edge and a lower edge, the upper edge of which is in part contiguous with the upper cap portion, the lower edge of which is in part contiguous with the lower retaining collar portion, whereby removal of the upper cap portion from a bottle (by for example rotation about a threaded system on the bottle neck) separates the elongated tether portion from the upper cap portion and the lower retaining collar portion, while at the same leaving the upper cap portion attached to the lower retaining collar via the elongated tether portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the bottle closure assembly includes: an upper cap portion,  1  dimensioned to reversibly cover and close a bottle opening,  2  a lower retaining collar portion,  10  dimensioned to irreversibly engage a bottle neck,  3  or an upper portion of a bottle, and an elongated tether portion,  5  being dimensioned as a strip which at least partially encircles a bottle neck between the upper cap portion and the lower retaining collar portion, the strip including a first end,  6  a second end,  7  an upper edge,  11  and a lower edge,  12 , the upper edge of which is in part frangibly attached,  8  to the upper cap portion, and in part contiguous with the upper cap portion, the lower edge of which is in part frangibly attached,  9  to the lower retaining collar portion and in part contiguous with the lower retaining collar portion, whereby removal of the upper cap portion from a bottle will rupture the frangible attachments while leaving the upper cap portion attached to the lower retaining collar portion via the elongated tether portion. In an embodiment and with reference to  FIG. 2B , the bottle opening may have peripheral threads,  15  which engage threads on the inside of the cap portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 3A-3C , the bottle closure assembly includes: an upper cap portion,  1  dimensioned to reversibly cover and close a bottle opening,  2 , a lower retaining collar portion,  10  dimensioned to irreversibly engage a bottle neck,  3  or an upper portion of a bottle, and an elongated tether portion,  5  being dimensioned as a strip which at least partially encircles a bottle neck between the upper cap portion and the lower retaining collar portion, the strip having a first end,  6  a second end,  7  an upper edge, and a lower edge, the upper edge of which is in part frangibly attached to the upper cap portion by frangible elements,  20  (such as for example breakable pins), and in part contiguous with the upper cap portion, the lower edge of which is in part frangibly attached to the lower retaining collar portion by frangible elements,  20  (such as for example breakable pins) and in part contiguous with the lower retaining collar portion, whereby removal of the upper cap portion from a bottle opening will rupture the frangible attachments while leaving the upper cap portion attached to the lower retaining collar portion via the elongated tether portion,  5 . In an embodiment and with reference to  FIG. 3B , the bottle neck and opening may have peripheral threads,  15  which engage threads on the inside of the cap portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 4A-4C , the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion,  1 , an elongated tether portion,  5 , and a retaining collar portion,  10 . 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the bottle closure assembly includes: a cap portion,  1  a tether portion,  5  and a retaining means portion,  10  the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining means portion being molded to irreversibly engage a bottle neck or an upper portion of a bottle,  18  and the tether portion being molded to connect at least one point on the cap portion to at least one point on the retaining means portion, the cap portion and the retaining collar portion extending coaxially with each other, the tether portion including a tabbed tether strip which is integrally formed with and secured at its respective ends ( 6  and  7 ) to the cap portion and the retaining collar portion, the tether strip being joined to the cap portion and the retaining collar along a preselected length of the tether strip to be manually separated from the cap portion and the retaining collar portion by frangible elements,  20  of a preselected thickness to permit the elongated tether strip to be manually separated from the cap portion and the retaining collar portion along the preselected length, the tether strip being of such length so as to permit the cap portion to be removed from a bottle opening while at the same remaining attached to the bottle via the tether strip and the retaining collar. In an embodiment and as shown in  FIG. 5B , a cap portion may have a circular top wall,  16  and a descending annular side wall  17 . 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes: a cap portion having a top wall and a side wall, an elongated tether portion, and a retaining collar portion, the cap portion being molded to reversibly engage and cover a bottle opening, the retaining collar portion being annular and being molded to irreversibly engage a ridge or flange on a bottle neck or on an upper portion of a bottle, and the elongated tether portion being integrally molded with the cap portion and the retaining collar portion to connect at least one point on the cap side wall to at least one point on the retaining collar portion, wherein the elongated tether portion runs between the cap side wall and the retaining collar portion along the circumference of the cap portion when the cap portion is on a bottle and the elongated tether portion connects at least one point on the cap side wall to at least one point on the retaining collar portion when the cap portion is removed from a bottle. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 6A and 6B , the bottle closure assembly includes an upper cap portion,  1 , an opening,  2 , an intermediate elongate tethering portion,  5  and a lower retaining collar portion,  10  where the intermediate elongate tethering portion has a first end permanently connected to at least one point of the upper cap portion and a second end permanently connected to at least one point on the lower retaining collar portion, wherein the intermediate elongate tethering portion is partially joined to a lower annular edge of the upper cap portion along a first peripheral weakening line defined by perforations,  25  and the intermediate elongate tethering portion is partially joined to an upper annular edge of said lower retaining collar portion along a second peripheral weakening line defined by perforations,  25  wherein removal of the upper cap portion from a bottle separates the upper cap portion from the tethering portion along the first peripheral weakening line and separates the lower retaining collar portion from the tethering portion along the second weakening line, while maintaining a linkage between the upper cap portion and the lower retaining collar portion through the intermediate elongated tethering portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 6A and 6B , a bottle neck  3 , may have an annular groove  28 , which presents a flange onto which the cap portion,  1  may reversibly engage in a snap fit arrangement. In an embodiment and with reference to  FIGS. 6A and 6B  a bottle neck may have an outwardly extended annular flange,  29  which prevents a retaining collar portion,  10  from being removed from a bottle neck. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, and with reference to  FIGS. 7A and 7B , the bottle closure assembly includes a cap portion,  1 , an elongated tether portion,  5 , and a retaining collar portion,  10 . The elongated tether portion connects at least one point of the cap portion at a first end,  6  to at least one point of the retaining collar portion at a second end,  7 . The elongated tether portion may be further joined to the cap portion along a frangible connection  8 . The elongated tether portion may be further joined to the retaining collar portion along a frangible connection  9 . Separation of the cap portion from the elongated tether portion along a frangible connection  8  along with separation of the retaining collar portion from the elongated tether portion along a frangible connection  9 , allows removal of the cap portion from a bottle opening while at the same time securing it to the bottle via the elongated tether portion, and the retaining collar portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the bottle closure assembly includes: a cap portion, the cap portion being dimensioned to cover and close a bottle opening, a retaining collar portion, and an elongated tether portion which forms an elastic connection between at least one point on the cap portion and at least one point on the retaining collar portion. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining means portion is integrally molded into a bottle, container, or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the retaining collar portion is integrally molded into a bottle, container, or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the tether portion fixes the cap portion to the retaining collar portion which remains secured to the bottle, making it difficult to separate the cap portion from the bottle, thereby preventing its loss, while at the same time allowing rotation of the cap portion for facile removal and replacement of the same from and onto a bottle opening. 
     In the present disclosure, the bottle closure assembly is made in part or in full using a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the cap portion, optionally the tether portion, and optionally the retaining collar portion are made from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the cap portion, the tether portion, and the retaining collar portion are all integrally molded from a polyethylene homopolymer composition including: (I) 95 to 5 wt. % of a first ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 ; and (II) 5 to 95 wt. % of a second ethylene homopolymer having a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , wherein the ratio of the melt index I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer is at least 10. 
     Further polyethylene homopolymer compositions suitable for use in the manufacture of part or all of the bottle closure assembly discussed above are disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. Nos. U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,737,220; 9,587,093; 9,644,087 and US Pat. Appl. Pub. Nos. US2015/0203671; US20170130040; and US2008/0118749 all of which are incorporated, in their entirety, herein. 
     Suitable polyethylene homopolymer compositions for use in the manufacture of part or all of the bottle closure assembly are described in more detail below. 
     As used herein, by the term “ethylene homopolymer” or “polyethylene homopolymer”, it is meant that the product polymer is the product of a polymerization process, where only ethylene was deliberately added as a polymerizable olefin. 
     As used herein, by the term “ethylene copolymer” or “polyethylene copolymer”, it is meant that the product polymer is the product of a polymerization process, where ethylene and one or more than one comonomer were deliberately added or was deliberately present as polymerizable olefins. 
     The term “unimodal” is herein defined to mean there will be only one significant peak or maximum evident in a GPC-curve. A unimodal profile includes a broad unimodal profile. Alternatively, the term “unimodal” connotes the presence of a single maxima in a molecular weight distribution curve generated according to the method of ASTM D6474-99. In contrast, as used herein, by the term “bimodal” it is meant that there will be a secondary peak or shoulder evident in a GPC-curve which represents a higher or lower molecular weight component (i.e. the molecular weight distribution, can be said to have two maxima in a molecular weight distribution curve). Alternatively, the term “bimodal” connotes the presence of two maxima in a molecular weight distribution curve generated according to the method of ASTM D6474-99. As used herein, the term “multi-modal” denotes the presence of two or more maxima in a molecular weight distribution curve generated according to the method of ASTM D6474-99. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition includes at least a first ethylene homopolymer and at least a second ethylene homopolymer which is different from the first ethylene homopolymer. 
     I) The First Ethylene Homopolymer 
     In some embodiments, the first ethylene homopolymer includes negligible amounts of comonomer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  which is lower than the melt index, I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  which is at least 50 percent lower than the than melt index, I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  which is at least 10 times lower than the melt index, I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a weight average molecular weight, M W  that is higher than the weight average molecular weight, M W  of the second ethylene homopolymer. 
     As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, melt index, I 2 , is in general inversely proportional to molecular weight. Thus, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a comparatively low melt index, I 2  (or, alternatively stated, a comparatively high molecular weight) in comparison to the second ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 . In another embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a density of from 0.955 to 0.970 g/cm 3 . In another embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a density of from 0.955 to 0.965 g/cm 3 . 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of less than about 1.0 grams/10 minutes (g/10 min). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of from about 0.01 to about 1.0 grams/10 minutes (g/10 min). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 grams/10 minutes (g/10 min). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of from about 0.8 to about 2.0 grams/10 minutes (g/10 min). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the molecular weight distribution (M w /M n ) of the first ethylene homopolymer is from about 1.7 to about 20.0. In further embodiments of the disclosure, the molecular weight distribution (M w /M n ) of the first ethylene homopolymer is from about 2.0 to about 20.0, or from about 1.7 to about 4.0, or from about 2.0 to about 4.0. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer may itself comprise one or more high density ethylene homopolymer subcomponents. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 95 to 5 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 95 to 20 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 95 to 30 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 95 to 40 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 90 to 30 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 85 to 30 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 80 to 30 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 75 to 30 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 70 to 30 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 65 to 35 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 60 to 40 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. 
     II) The Second Ethylene Homopolymer 
     In some embodiments, the second ethylene homopolymer includes negligible amounts of comonomer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  which is higher than the melt index, I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  which is at least 50 percent greater than the melt index, I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  which is at least 10 times larger than the melt index, I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a weight average molecular weight, M W  that is lower than the weight average molecular weight, M W  of the first ethylene homopolymer. 
     As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, melt index, I 2 , is in general inversely proportional to molecular weight. Thus, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a comparatively high melt index, I 2  (or, alternatively stated, a comparatively low molecular weight) in comparison to the first ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 . In another embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a density of from 0.955 to 0.970 g/cm 3 . In another embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a density of from 0.955 to 0.965 g/cm 3 . 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of greater than about 5.0 g/10 min. In further embodiments, the second ethylene homopolymer may have a melt index of from greater than about 5.0 to about 50 g/10 min, or from greater than 5.0 to about 40.0 g/10 min, or from greater than 5.0 to about 30 g/10 min, or from greater than 5.0 to about 20.0 g/10 min. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of from 15.0 to 30.0 g/10 min. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer has a melt index, I 2  of greater than about 100 g/10 min, or greater than about 500 g/10 min, or greater than about 1000 g/10 min, or greater than about 5000 g/10 min. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the molecular weight distribution (M w /M n ) of the second ethylene homopolymer is from about 1.7 to about 20.0. In further embodiments of the disclosure, the molecular weight distribution (M w /M n ) of the second ethylene homopolymer is from about 2.0 to about 20.0, or from about 1.7 to about 4.0, or from about 2.0 to about 4.0. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer may itself comprise one or more high density ethylene homopolymer subcomponents. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 5 to 95 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 5 to 80 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 5 to 70 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 5 to 60 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 10 to 70 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 15 to 70 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 20 to 70 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 25 to 70 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first ethylene homopolymer includes from 30 to 70 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 35 to 65 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second ethylene homopolymer includes from 40 to 60 wt. % of the total weight of the first and second ethylene homopolymers. 
     The Polyethylene Homopolymer Composition 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition minimally includes a I) first ethylene homopolymer; and II) a second ethylene homopolymer. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the ratio of the melt index, I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer to the melt index, I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer, (i.e. the I 2  of the second ethylene homopolymer divided by the I 2  of the first ethylene homopolymer) is at least 10 (i.e. the ratio is at least 10/1). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a bimodal profile in a gel permeation chromatograph. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a multimodal profile in a gel permeation chromatograph. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition includes one or more than one nucleating agent. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a density of a least 0.950 grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm 3 . In another embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a density of a least 0.955 grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm 3 . 
     In embodiments of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a density of from 0.950 to 0.975 g/cm 3 , or from 0.952 to 0.973 g/cm 3 , or from 0.955 to 0.970 g/cm 3 , or from 0.955 to 0.967 g/cm 3 , or from 0.955 to 0.965 g/cm 3 . 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a melt index, I 2  of from 0.5 to 10 g/10 min. In another embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a melt index, I 2  of from 0.8 to 8 g/10 min. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition has a molecular weight distribution (M w /M n ) of from about 3.0 to about 20.0. 
     The polyethylene homopolymer composition may be made by any blending process, such as: 1) physical blending of particulate resins; 2) co-feed of different resins to a common extruder; 3) melt mixing (in any conventional polymer mixing apparatus); 4) solution blending; or 5) a polymerization process which employs 2 or more reactors. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition is prepared by a solution polymerization process using two reactors that operate under different polymerization conditions. This provides a uniform, in-situ blend of the first and second ethylene homopolymer components. An example of this process is described in published U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2006/0047078, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition is prepared by melt blending a first and second ethylene homopolymer in an extruder. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition is prepared by melt blending the following two blend components in an extruder: from 90 to 70 wt. % of I) a first ethylene homopolymer which is a conventional high density polyethylene (HDPE) having a melt index, I 2 , of from about 0.8 to about 2.0 grams/10 minutes and a density of from 0.955 to 0.965 g/cm 3 , with from 10 to 30 wt. % of II) a second ethylene homopolymer which is a conventional high density polyethylene (HDPE) having a melt index, I 2 , of from about 15 to about 30 grams/10 minutes and a density of from 0.950 to 0.960 g/cm 3 . 
     Examples of commercially available HDPE resins which are suitable for use as the first ethylene homopolymer include (with typical melt index and density values shown in brackets): SCLAIR® 19G, available from NOVA CHEMICALS® (I 2 =1.2 g/10 min, density=0.962 g/cm 3 ); MARFLEX® 9659, available from CHEVRON PHILLIPS® (I 2 =1 g/10 min, density=0.962 g/cm 3 ); and ALATHON® L 5885, available from EQUISTAR® (I 2 =0.9 g/10 min, density=0.958 g/cm 3 ). 
     An example of a commercially available HDPE resin which is suitable for use as the second ethylene homopolymer is sold under the trademark SCLAIR 79F, which is an HDPE resin that is prepared by the homopolymerization of ethylene with a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst. It has a typical melt index, I 2  of 18 g/10 min, a typical density of 0.963 g/cm 3  and a typical molecular weight distribution of about 2.7. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition is prepared by a solution polymerization process using two reactors that operate under different polymerization conditions. This provides a uniform, in situ blend of the first and second ethylene homopolymer components. Such a blend can, for example, be made according to US Pat. Appl. Pub. No. US2013/0225743, US2015/0203671, US2017/0002186, US20170130040, or US2008/0118749. 
     Nucleating Agents 
     The term “nucleating agent”, as used herein, is meant to convey its conventional meaning to those skilled in the art of preparing nucleated polyolefin compositions, namely an additive that changes the crystallization behavior of a polymer as the polymer melt is cooled. 
     A review of nucleating agents is provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,981,636, 6,465,551 and 6,599,971, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Nucleating agents which are commercially available and which may be added to the polyethylene homopolymer composition are dibenzylidene sorbital esters (such as the products sold under the trademark MILLAD® 3988 by Milliken Chemical and IRGACLEAR® by Ciba Specialty Chemicals). Further examples of nucleating agents which may be added to the polyethylene homopolymer composition include the cyclic organic structures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,636 (and salts thereof, such as disodium bicyclo [2.2.1] heptene dicarboxylate); the saturated versions of the structures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,636 (as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,465,551; Zhao et al., to Milliken); the salts of certain cyclic dicarboxylic acids having a hexahydrophthalic acid structure (or “HHPA” structure) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,971 (Dotson et al., to Milliken); and phosphate esters, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,342,868 and those sold under the trade names NA-11 and NA-21 by Asahi Denka Kogyo, cyclic dicarboxylates and the salts thereof, such as the divalent metal or metalloid salts, (particularly, calcium salts) of the HHPA structures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,971. For clarity, the HHPA structure generally includes a ring structure with six carbon atoms in the ring and two carboxylic acid groups which are substituents on adjacent atoms of the ring structure. The other four carbon atoms in the ring may be substituted, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,971. An example is 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylicacid, calcium salt (CAS registry number 491589-22-1). Still further examples of nucleating agents which may be added to the polyethylene homopolymer composition include those disclosed in WO2015042561, WO2015042563, WO2015042562 and WO2011050042. 
     Many of the above described nucleating agents may be difficult to mix with the polyethylene homopolymer composition that is being nucleated and it is known to use dispersion aids, such as for example, zinc stearate, to mitigate this problem. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the nucleating agents are well dispersed in the polyethylene homopolymer composition. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the amount of nucleating agent used is comparatively small—from 100 to 3000 parts by million per weight (based on the weight of the polyethylene composition) so it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that some care must be taken to ensure that the nucleating agent is well dispersed. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the nucleating agent is added in finely divided form (less than 50 microns, especially less than 10 microns) to the polyethylene homopolymer composition to facilitate mixing. This type of “physical blend” (i.e. a mixture of the nucleating agent and the resin in solid form) is generally preferable to the use of a “masterbatch” of the nucleator (where the term “masterbatch” refers to the practice of first melt mixing the additive—the nucleator, in this case—with a small amount of the polyethylene homopolymer composition—then melt mixing the “masterbatch” with the remaining bulk of the polyethylene homopolymer composition). 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, an additive such as nucleating agent may be added to the polyethylene homopolymer composition by way of a “masterbatch”, where the term “masterbatch” refers to the practice of first melt mixing the additive (e.g., a nucleator) with a small amount of the polyethylene homopolymer composition, followed by melt mixing the “masterbatch” with the remaining bulk of the polyethylene homopolymer composition. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, the polyethylene homopolymer composition includes a nucleating agent or a mixture of nucleating agents. 
     Other Additives 
     The polyethylene homopolymer composition may also contain other conventional additives, especially (1) primary antioxidants (such as hindered phenols, including vitamin E); (2) secondary antioxidants (especially phosphites and phosphonites); and (3) process aids (especially fluoroelastomer and/or polyethylene glycol bound process aid). 
     Still other additives that may be added to the polyethylene homopolymer include nitrones, antacids, UV absorbers, metal deactivators, pigments, dyes, fillers and reinforcing agents, nano-scale organic or inorganic materials, antistatic agents, lubricating agents such as calcium stearates, and slip additives such as erucimide and behenamide. 
     The polyethylene homopolymer compositions described above are used in the formation of bottle closure assemblies. For example, bottle closure assemblies formed in part on in whole by compression molding and injection molding are contemplated. 
     In one embodiment, the bottle closure assembly includes the polyethylene homopolymer composition described above which has good barrier properties. The bottle closure assemblies are well suited for sealing bottles, containers, and the like, for examples bottles that may contain drinkable water, and other foodstuffs, including but not limited to liquids that are pressurized (e.g., carbonated beverages or appropriately pressurized drinkable liquids). The bottle closure assemblies may also be used for sealing bottles containing drinkable water or non-carbonated beverages (e.g., juice). Other applications include bottle closure assemblies for bottles and containers containing foodstuffs, such as for example ketchup bottles and the like. 
     The bottle closure assemblies of the current disclosure can be made according to any known method, including for example injection molding and compression molding techniques that are well known to persons skilled in the art. Hence, in an embodiment of the disclosure, a bottle closure assembly including the polyethylene homopolymer composition (defined above) is prepared with a process including at least one compression molding step and/or at least one injection molding step. 
     Further non-limiting details of the disclosure are provided in the following examples. The examples are presented for the purpose of illustrating selected embodiments of this disclosure, it being understood that the examples presented do not limit the claims presented. 
     Examples 
     M n , M w , and M z  (g/mol) were determined by high temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) with differential refractive index (DRI) detection using universal calibration (e.g., ASTM-D6474-99). GPC data was obtained using an instrument sold under the trade name “Waters 150c”, with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the mobile phase at 140° C. The samples were prepared by dissolving the polymer in this solvent and were run without filtration. Molecular weights are expressed as polyethylene equivalents with a relative standard deviation of 2.9% for the number average molecular weight (“Mn”) and 5.0% for the weight average molecular weight (“Mw”). The molecular weight distribution (MWD) is the weight average molecular weight divided by the number average molecular weight, M W /M n . The z-average molecular weight distribution is M z /M n . Polymer sample solutions (1 to 2 mg/mL) were prepared by heating the polymer in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and rotating on a wheel for 4 hours at 150° C. in an oven. The antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was added to the mixture in order to stabilize the polymer against oxidative degradation. The BHT concentration was 250 ppm. Sample solutions were chromatographed at 140° C. on a PL 220 high-temperature chromatography unit equipped with four Shodex columns (HT803, HT804, HT805 and HT806) using TCB as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute, with a differential refractive index (DRI) as the concentration detector. BHT was added to the mobile phase at a concentration of 250 ppm to protect the columns from oxidative degradation. The sample injection volume was 200 mL. The raw data were processed with Cirrus GPC software. The columns were calibrated with narrow distribution polystyrene standards. The polystyrene molecular weights were converted to polyethylene molecular weights using the Mark-Houwink equation, as described in the ASTM standard test method D6474. 
     Unsaturations in the polyethylene homopolymer composition were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as per ASTM D3124-98. A Thermo-Nicolet 750 Magna-IR Spectrophotometer equipped with OMNIC version 7.2a software was used for the measurements. 
     Polyethylene composition density (g/cm 3 ) was measured according to ASTM D792. 
     Melt indexes, I 2 , I 5 , I 6  and I 21  for the polyethylene composition were measured according to ASTM D1238 (when conducted at 190° C., using a 2.16 kg, a 5 kg, a 6.48 kg and a 21 kg weight, respectively). 
     Hexane extractables were determined according to ASTM D5227. 
     The so called “stress exponent” is defined as Log 10 [I 6 /I 2 ]/Log 10 [6.48/2.16]. 
     Shear viscosity was measured by using a Kayeness WinKARS Capillary Rheometer (model # D5052M-115). For the shear viscosity at lower shear rates, a die having a die diameter of 0.06 inch and L/D ratio of 20 and an entrance angle of 180 degrees was used. For the shear viscosity at higher shear rates, a die having a die diameter of 0.012 inch and L/D ratio of 20 was used. 
     The Shear Viscosity Ratio as the term is used in the present disclosure is defined as: η 10 /η 1000  at 240° C. The η 10  is the melt shear viscosity at the shear rate of 10 s −1  and the η 1000  is the melt shear viscosity at the shear rate of 1000 s −1  measured at 240° C. 
     Plaques molded from the polyethylene compositions were tested according to the following ASTM methods: Bent Strip Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) at Condition B at 10% IGEPAL® CO-630 at 50° C., ASTM D1693; notched Izod impact properties, ASTM D256; Flexural Properties, ASTM D 790; Tensile properties, ASTM D 638; Vicat softening point, ASTM D 1525; Heat deflection temperature, ASTM D 648. 
     IGEPAL® CO-630 is a polyoxyethylene (9) nonylphenylether which has an average M n  of 617 and the structure below and is available from SIGMA-ALDRICH®. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Dynamic mechanical analyses were carried out with a rheometer, namely Rheometrics Dynamic Spectrometer (RDS-II) or Rheometrics SR5 or ATS Stresstech, on compression molded samples under nitrogen atmosphere at 190° C., using 25 mm diameter cone and plate geometry. The oscillatory shear experiments were done within the linear viscoelastic range of strain (10% strain) at frequencies from 0.05 to 100 rad/s. The values of storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), complex modulus (G*) and complex viscosity (η*) were obtained as a function of frequency. The same rheological data can also be obtained by using a 25 mm diameter parallel plate geometry at 190° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. The SHI (1,100) value is calculated according to the methods described in WO 2006/048253 and WO 2006/048254. 
     A polyethylene homopolymer composition was prepared in a dual reactor solution polymerization process using a phosphinimine catalyst, in a manner outlined in U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2008/0118749 and 2015/0203671 both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety. As noted above, melt index (I 2 ) is generally inversely proportional to molecular weight for polyethylene resins. This was confirmed for homopolymer HDPE resins having a narrow molecular weight distribution (of less than 3) by preparing a plot of log(I 2 ) versus log(weight average molecular weight, Mw). In order to prepare this plot, the melt index (I 2 ) and weight average molecular Mw) of more than 15 different homopolymer HDPE resins was measured. These homopolymer HDPE resins had a narrow molecular weight distribution (less than 3) but had different Mw-ranging from about 30,000 to 150,000. (As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is difficult to obtain reproducible I 2  values for polyethylene resins having a molecular weight which is outside of this range.) A log/log plot of these I 2  and Mw values was used to calculate the following relation between I 2  and Mw for such homopolymer HDPE resins: I 2 =(1.774×10 −19 )×(Mw −3.86 ). Extrapolation (based on the above relation) was used to estimate the I 2  values of the I) first ethylene homopolymer component and the II) second ethylene homopolymer component present in the polyethylene homopolymer composition. That is, the molecular weight of component I and component II was measured and the Mw values were used to estimate the I 2  values. 
     The polyethylene homopolymer composition, Example 1 had a density of 0.968 g/cm 3 , a melt index (I 2 ) of 6 g/10 min, a molecular weight distribution (M W /M n ) of 5.5, and was nucleated with 1,200 ppm (parts per million by weight) of HPN-20E which is commercially available from Milliken. The polyethylene homopolymer composition, Example 2 had a density of 0.967 g/cm 3 , a melt index (I 2 ) of 1.2 g/10 min, a molecular weight distribution (M W /M n ) of 8.2, and was nucleated with 1,200 ppm (parts per million by weight) of HPN-20E which is commercially available from Milliken. To nucleate the polyethylene homopolymer compositions, each was melt compounded with a HPN-20E masterbatch. Further polymer and plaque details for the nucleated polyethylene homopolymer compositions of Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1. A GPC profile for polyethylene homopolymer composition of Example 1 is shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     The polyethylene homopolymer composition of Example 2 had two distinct fractions which varied according to molecular weight. The low molecular weight fraction had a melt index which was estimated to be greater than about 5000 g/10 min. The high molecular weight fraction had a melt index which was estimated to be less than about 0.1 g/10 min. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Polymer and Plaque Data 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example No. 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Nucleating Agent 
                 1200 ppm 
                 1200 ppm 
               
               
                   
                   
                 HPN-20E 
                 HPN-20E 
               
               
                   
                 Density (g/cm 3 ) 
                 0.968 
                 0.967 
               
               
                   
                 Rheology/Flow 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Properties 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Melt Index I 2   
                 6 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 (g/10 min) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Melt Flow Ratio 
                 32.6 
                 55 
               
               
                   
                 (I 21 /I 2 ) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 I 21   
                 191 
                 67.4 
               
               
                   
                 I 5   
                 16.8 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 I 21 /I 5   
                 11.37 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Stress Exponent 
                 1.27 
                 1.36 
               
               
                   
                 Shear Viscosity 
                 5.22 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 at 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 5  s −1  (240° C., 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Pa-s) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Shear Viscosity 
                 3.93 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Ratio η(10 s −1 )/η 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (1000 s −1 ) at 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 240° C. 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Shear Viscosity 
                 86.96 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Ratio 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 η (100 s −1 )/η 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (100000 s −1  ) at 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 240° C. 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 GPC- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 conventional 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 M n   
                 12098 
                 12063 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 M w   
                 66127 
                 98717 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 M z   
                 169449 
                 314939 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 Polydispersity 
                 5.47 
                 8.24 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 Index (M w /M n ) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 M z /M w   
                 2.56 
                 3.19 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 Branch 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Frequency- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 FTIR 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (uncorrected 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 for chain end-  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 CH 3 ) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Uncorrected 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 SCB/1000C 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Uncorrected 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 comonomer 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 content (mol %) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Internal 
                 0.020 
                 0.023 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 unsaturation 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (/1000C) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Side chain 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 unsaturation 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (/1000C) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Terminal 
                 0.070 
                 0.070 (average) 
               
               
                   
                 unsaturation 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (/1000C) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Comonomer 
                 None 
                 None 
               
               
                   
                 DSC 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Primary Melting 
                 133.45 
                 133.97 
               
               
                   
                 Peak (° C.) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Heat of Fusion 
                 251.90 
                 243.8 
               
               
                   
                 (J/g) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Crystallinity (%) 
                 86.85 
                 84.07 
               
               
                   
                 Environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Stress Crack 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Resistance 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ESCR Cond. B 
                 4 
                 &lt;24 
               
               
                   
                 at 10 % (hours) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Flexural 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Properties 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (Plaques) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Flex Secant 
                 2167 
                 2046 
               
               
                   
                 Mod. 1% (MPa) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Flex Secant 
                 1755 
                 1673 
               
               
                   
                 Mod. 2% (MPa) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Flex strength at 
                 52.2 
                 51.3 
               
               
                   
                 break (MPa) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Impact 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Properties 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (Plaques) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 lzod Impact (ft-lb/in) 
                 0.70 
                 2.36 
               
               
                   
                 Other 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 properties 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Hexane 
                 0.3 
                 0.20 
               
               
                   
                 Extractables (%) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 VICAT Soft. Pt. 
                 127 
                 129.3 
               
               
                   
                 (° C.)-Plaque 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Heat Deflection 
                 86 
                 81.4 
               
               
                   
                 Temp. [° C.] @ 66 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 PSI 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The polyethylene homopolymer compositions described above can be used in the formation of bottle closure assemblies. For example, bottle closure assemblies formed in part on in whole by compression molding and/or injection molding are contemplated. 
     In one embodiment, the bottle closure assembly includes the polyethylene homopolymer composition described above and has good barrier properties. Hence, the bottle closure assemblies are well suited for sealing bottles, containers, and the like, for examples bottles that may contain drinkable water, and other foodstuffs, including but not limited to liquids that are pressurized or non-pressurized. 
     In an embodiment of the disclosure, a bottle closure assembly including a polyethylene homopolymer composition defined as above is prepared with a process including at least one compression molding step and/or at least one injection molding step. 
     Preparation of a Tether Proxy for Deformation Testing 
     In order to provide a proxy of a tether portion which can be analyzed under conditions of shear, tear and tensile deformation, a closure (see  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) was compression molded as described below and then a tamper evident band,  10 * (a proxy for a retaining means portion,  10 ) was formed by folding in and cutting the bottom circular edge of the closure using a folding/slitting machine with a modified blade, so that a tamper evident band ( 10 *) which was joined to the cap portion ( 1 ) by several narrow (“pin” like) connecting sections (marked by the frangible line,  9  in  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) and one larger continuous section (i.e. continuous with a portion of the cap portion side wall), with the larger continuous section serving as a proxy for a tether (the area marked as  40  in  FIGS. 9A and 9B ). The larger continuous section or “tether proxy” section was designed to have an arcuate length of 6 mm. The “tether proxy” section had a cross-sectional width (or thickness) of 0.6 mm as determined by the dimensions of the closure mold used for the compression molding process (see below). The “tether proxy” section, or simply “tether proxy”  40  was then subjected to shear and tear deformations and to tensile deformation using a toque tester unit and tensile tester unit respectively (see below). 
     Method of Making a Closure by Compression Molding 
     A SACMI Compression molding machine (model CCM24SB) and a PCO (plastic closure only) 1881 carbonated soft drink (CSD) closure mold was used to prepare the closures. Depending on material density, melt index (I 2 ) and chosen plug size, the closure weight varied between 2.15 g and 2.45 grams, with the process conditions adjusted to target a closure having a weight of about 2.3 grams. During the closure preparation process, the overall closure dimensions, such as, for the example, the closure diameter and the closure height were measured and maintained within desired “quality-controlled” specifications. Closures with poor circularity or with significant deformation away from the pre-defined specifications were rejected by an automatic vision system installed on the compression molding machine. Once the closure had been compression molded, a tamper evident band, inclusive of one larger continuous section (a proxy for a tether portion) was cut into the closure bottom edge using a folding/slitting machine fitted with a modified blade. Both experimental and simulated data confirmed that 99% of any closure weight differences were due to differences in the top panel thickness (of the cap portion, see  FIG. 9A ) for each of the compression molded closures. For example, in the closures prepared by compression molding, the top panel thickness values of closures having a weight ranging from 2.15 grams to 2.45 grams were found to be slightly different, but each of the closure side wall thicknesses were found to be identical. As a result, any small differences in the compression molded cap weight were expected to have no impact on the dimensions of the tamper evident band or the tether proxy section (see above): in each case, the tether proxy had an arcuate length of 6 mm and a cross-sectional thickness of 0.6 mm. 
     Type 1 closures were compression molded from the polyethylene composition of Example 1 which had a melt index, I 2  of 6 g/10 min and a density of 0.968 g/cm 3 . 
     Type 2 closures were compression molded from the polyethylene composition of Example 2 which had a melt index, I 2  of 1.2 g/10 min and a density of 0.967 g/cm 3 . 
     Type 3 closures (Comparative) were compression molded from a unimodal polyethylene copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene having a melt index I 2  of 32 g/10 min, a density of 0.951 g/cm 3 , and a molecular weight distribution, M w /M n  of 2.88, and which is made using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst in a solution olefin polymerization process. This resin is commercially available from NOVA CHEMICALS® as SCLAIR 2712. 
     The compression molding conditions used to make each closure type are provided in Table 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Compression Molding Processing Conditions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Closure Type No. 
                 1 
                 2 
                 (Comparative) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Closure Weight (g) 
                 2.31 
                 2.28 
                 2.39 
               
               
                 BT1 Temp (° C.) 
                 169 
                 165 
                 163 
               
               
                 BT2 Temp (° C.) 
                 165 
                 1701 
                 164 
               
               
                 BT3 Temp (° C.) 
                 164 
                 175 
                 163 
               
               
                 BT4 Temp (° C.) 
                 164 
                 175 
                 161 
               
               
                 BT6 Temp (° C.) 
                 168 
                 175 
                 170 
               
               
                 BT7 Temp (° C.) 
                 182 
                 185 
                 187 
               
               
                 BT8 Temp (° C.) 
                 184 
                 185 
                 184 
               
               
                 BT9 Temp (° C.) 
                 184 
                 185 
                 184 
               
               
                 BT15 Temp (° C.) 
                 170 
                 175 
                 170 
               
               
                 BT16 Temp (° C.) 
                 165 
                 179 
                 165 
               
               
                 BT17 Temp (° C.) 
                 175 
                 182 
                 174 
               
               
                 Metering Pump Set Press (bar) 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                 Metering Pump Actual Press 1 (bar) IN 
                 51 
                 32 
                 50 
               
               
                 Metering Pump Actual Press 2 (bar) 
                 60.2 
                 137 
                 30.6 
               
               
                 OUT 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Pump Speed (%) 
                 56 
                 59 
                 57 
               
               
                 Hydraulic Operating Temp (° C.) 
                 46 
                 45 
                 46 
               
               
                 Punch Cooling BT18 (° C.) 
                 20 
                 20 
                 20 
               
               
                 Cavity Cooling BT19 (° C.) 
                 20 
                 20 
                 20 
               
               
                 Ausiliari Cooling BT20 (° C.) 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Shear Deformation of a Tether Proxy 
     A TMS 5000 Torque Tester unit manufactured by Steinfurth was used to carry out the tether proxy shear deformation testing. The unit was adjusted to operate in “removal torque mode”. A closure having a tether proxy section (area  40  in  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) with a 6 mm arcuate length and a 0.6 mm cross-sectional width connecting a cap portion ( 1 ) to a tamper evident band  10 * (a proxy for a retaining means portion,  10 ) and suitable for mating with a PCO 1881 bottle finish was employed. Prior to testing, the tamper evident band ( 10 *) was unfolded and then almost entirely removed, by cutting through the tamper evident band at a distance of approximately 2 mm from each end of the tether proxy section. The remaining portion of the tamper evident band (as shown in  FIGS. 10A and 10B ) then, includes the tether proxy section having an arcuate length of 6 mm, and a further 2 mm arcuate length section on either side of the tether proxy section, all of which has a cross sectional width of 0.6 mm. Adding 2 mm to either side of the tether proxy section provides a larger surface area to grip when carrying out the shear deformation testing. In order to support the closure for testing in the Torque Tester unit, a modified tubular preform was used (item  45  in  FIG. 10B ). The tubular pre-form  45  was made of polyethylene terephthalate and was modified to have smooth outer walls. Following this, a brass rod ( 50 ), having a diameter which fit snuggly within the preform ( 45 ) was inserted as a plug to afford rigidity to the pre-form and to prevent its deformation during testing. Next, the closure was placed on top of the pre-form and the remaining section of the tamper evident band ( 10 *) was clamped to the preform using vice grips. The closure and preform were then mounted within the Torque Tester. The cap portion ( 1 ) was gripped from above within a suitably designed chuck and rotated at a removal torque speed of 0.8 rpm, relative to the clamped section of the tamper evident band, using the Torque Tester. The shear strength of the tether proxy ( 40 ) is defined as the maximum torque (in inches·pounds) required to separate the cap portion ( 1 ) from the remaining section of the tamper evident band section ( 10 *) by breaking the tether proxy ( 40 ). The reported shear strength in Table 3 is the average of at least 5 such shear deformation tests. 
     Tear Deformation of a Tether Proxy 
     A TMS 5000 Torque Tester unit manufactured by Steinfurth was used to carry out the tether proxy shear deformation testing. The unit was adjusted to operate in “removal torque mode”. A closure having a tether proxy section (area  40  in  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) with a 6 mm arcuate length and a 0.6 mm cross-sectional width connecting a cap portion ( 1 ) to a tamper evident band  10 * (a proxy for a retaining means portion,  10 ) and suitable for mating with a PCO 1881 bottle finish was employed. In order to support the closure for testing in the Torque Tester unit, a modified tubular pre-form was used (item  45  in  FIG. 10C ). The tubular pre-form  45  was made of polyethylene terephthalate and was modified to have smooth outer walls. Following this, a brass rod ( 50 ), having a diameter which fit snuggly within the pre-form ( 45 ) was inserted as a plug to afford rigidity to the pre-form and to prevent its deformation during testing. Next, the closure was placed on top of the preform. Prior to testing, the tamper evident band ( 10 *) was deflected downward (on the opposite side of the tether proxy section) and away from the cap portion ( 1 ) as is shown in  FIG. 10C . The downward deflection breaks all the narrow pin sections (the frangible line  9  in  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) joining the top edge of the tamper evident band to the lower edge of the cap portion while leaving the larger continuous section, the tether proxy section ( 40 ), intact. The tamper evident band ( 10 *) is deflected downward and away from the cap portion ( 1 ) until the top edge of the tamper evident band makes an angle with the lower edge of the cap portion of about 27 degrees, while the tether portion remains intact along its 6 mm arcuate length (see  FIG. 10C ). The tamper evident band ( 10 *) was then clamped to the pre-form in this downwardly deflected position using vice grips. The closure and pre-form were then mounted within the Torque Tester. The cap portion ( 1 ) was gripped from above within a suitably designed chuck and rotated at a removal torque speed of 0.8 rpm, relative to the clamped tamper evident band ( 10 *), using the Torque Tester. The tear strength of the tether proxy ( 40 ) is defined as the maximum torque (in inches·pounds) required to separate the cap portion ( 1 ) from the downwardly deflected tamper evident band ( 10 *) by breaking the tether proxy ( 40 ). The reported tear strength in Table 3 is the average of at least 5 such tear deformation tests. 
     Tensile Deformation of a Tether Proxy 
     Tensile deformation tests were performed using a tensile machine (an Instron 4204 universal tester, with a 1 KN (225 lbf) capacity load cell) with the crosshead velocity set at 50 mm/min. A closure having a tether proxy section (area  40  in  FIGS. 9A and 9B ) with a 6 mm arcuate length and a 0.6 mm cross-sectional width connecting a cap portion ( 1 ) to a tamper evident band  10 * (a proxy for a retaining means portion,  10 ) and suitable for mating with a PCO 1881 bottle finish was employed. Prior to testing, the tamper evident band ( 10 *) was unfolded and then almost entirely removed, by cutting through the tamper evident band at a distance of approximately 2 mm from each end of the tether proxy section (see  FIGS. 10A, 11A and 11B ). The remaining portion of the tamper evident band (as shown in  FIGS. 10A, 11A and 11B ) then, includes the tether proxy section having an arcuate length of 6 mm, and a further 2 mm arcuate length section on either side of the tether proxy section, all of which has a cross sectional width of 0.6 mm. Adding 2 mm to either side of the tether proxy section provides a larger surface area to grip when carrying out the tensile deformation testing. For the tensile deformation test, most of the cap portion ( 1 ) was similarly cut away, leaving only a section of the cap portion side wall connected to the what was left of the tamper evident band (see  FIGS. 11A and 11B ). This “cut away” section of the closure was then mounted in the tensile tester, with the remaining cap portion side wall and the remaining tamper evident band each being secured with 0.5-inch wide steel serrated grips at a 0.25-inch grip separation. During the tensile testing, the remaining section of the cap portion ( 1 ) and the remaining section of the tamper evident band ( 10 *) were drawn apart vertically. The tensile strength of the tether proxy ( 40 ) is defined as the maximum load (in grams·force, gf) required to separate the remaining cap portion ( 1 ) from the remaining tamper evident band section ( 10 *) by breaking the tether proxy ( 40 ). The reported tensile strength in Table 3 is the average of at least 5 such tensile deformation tests. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Average Shear, Tear and Tensile Deformation of a Tether Proxy 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Closure Type No. 
                 1 
                 2 
                 (Comparative) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Shear Strength 
                 11.80 
                 11.62 
                 9.43 
               
               
                 (inches.pounds) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Tear Strength 
                 10.96 
                 11.00 
                 9.18 
               
               
                 (inches.pounds) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Tensile Strength 
                 16315 
                 15964 
                 12800 
               
               
                 (grams.force) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A person skilled in the art will recognize from the data provided in Table 3, that a tether proxy made using a polyethylene homopolymer composition according to the current disclosure may have a relatively good ability to resist shear, tear and tensile deformations (relative to a comparative tether proxy made from a unimodal polyethylene copolymer of ethylene and 1-butene, SCLAIR 2712). The data thus provides further evidence that the polyethylene homopolymer compositions described herein may be useful in the production of bottle closure assemblies, by preventing facile separation of a cap portion from a retaining means portion or from a bottle, and by generally helping to prevent loss or disassociation of a cap portion (a potential plastic waste stream) from a bottle, where the cap portion could otherwise contribute to environmental waste concerns. 
     The present disclosure has been described with reference to certain details of particular embodiments thereof. It is not intended that such details be regarded as limitations upon the scope of the disclosure except insofar as and to the extent that they are included in the accompanying claims.