Patent Publication Number: US-2022211704-A1

Title: Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. More particularly, the invention provides novel inhibitors of HIV, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods for using these compounds in the treatment of HIV infection. The invention also relates to methods for making the compounds hereinafter described. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the result of infection by HIV. HIV continues to be a major global public health issue. In 2015, an estimated 36.7 million people were living with HIV (including 1.8 million children)—a global HIV prevalence of 0.8%. The vast majority of this number live in low- and middle-income countries. In the same year, 1.1 million people died of AIDS-related illnesses. 
     Current therapy for HIV-infected individuals consists of a combination of approved anti-retroviral agents. Over two dozen drugs are currently approved for HIV infection, either as single agents or as fixed dose combinations or single tablet regimens, the latter two containing 2-4 approved agents. These agents belong to a number of different classes, targeting either a viral enzyme or the function of a viral protein during the virus replication cycle. Thus, agents are classified as either nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), or entry inhibitors (one, maraviroc, targets the host CCR5 protein, while the other, enfuvirtide, is a peptide that targets the gp41 region of the viral gp160 protein). In addition, a pharmacokinetic enhancer with no antiviral activity (cobicistat) has recently been approved for use in combinations with antiretroviral agents (ARVs) that require boosting. 
     Despite the armamentarium of agents and drug combinations, there remains a medical need for new anti-retroviral agents. High viral heterogeneity, drug-associated toxicity, tolerability problems, and poor adherence can all lead to treatment failure and may result in the selection of viruses with mutations that confer resistance to one or more antiretroviral agents or even multiple drugs from an entire class (Beyrer, C., Pozniak A. HIV drug resistance—an emerging threat to epidemic control. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017, 377, 1605-1607; Gupta, R. K., Gregson J., et al. HIV-1 drug resistance before initiation or re-initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2017, 18, 346-355; Zazzi, M., Hu, H., Prosperi, M. The global burden of HIV-1 drug resistance in the past 20 years. PeerJ. 2018, DOI 10.7717/peerj.4848). As a result, new drugs are needed that are easier to take, have high genetic barriers to the development of resistance and have improved safety over current agents. In this panoply of choices, novel mechanisms of action (MOAs) that can be used as part of the preferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) can still have a major role to play since they should be effective against viruses resistant to current agents. 
     Certain potentially therapeutic compounds have now been described in the art and set forth in Blair, Wade S. et. al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2009), 53(12), 5080-5087, Blair, Wade S. et al. PLoS Pathogens (2010), 6(12), e1001220, Thenin-Houssier, Suzie; Valente, Susana T. Current HIV Research, 2016, 14, 270-282, and PCT Patent applications with the following numbers: WO 2012065062, WO 2013006738, WO 2013006792, WO 2014110296, WO 2014110297, WO 2014110298, WO 2014134566, WO 2015130964, WO2015130966, WO 2016033243, WO2018035359, and WO2018203235. 
     What is now needed in the art are additional compounds which are novel and useful in the treatment of HIV. Additionally, these compounds should provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example, with regard to one or more of their mechanisms of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, or bioavailability. Also needed are new formulations and methods of treatment which utilize these compounds. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Briefly, in one aspect, the present invention discloses the compounds depicted below 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 
     In another aspect, the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or salt of the invention. 
     In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method of treating HIV infection in a human comprising administering a compound or salt of the invention. 
     In another aspect, the present invention discloses a compound or salt of the invention for use in therapy. 
     In another aspect, the present invention discloses a compound or salt of the invention for use in treating HIV infection in a human. 
     In another aspect, the present invention discloses the use of a compound or salt of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of HIV infection in a human. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Preferably, the stereochemistry of the compounds and salts of this invention is as depicted below 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The salts of the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable. Such salts may be acid addition salts or base addition salts. For a review of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts see, for example, Berge et al, J. Pharm, Sci., 66, 1-19, 1977. 
     Representative pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, 4-acetamidobenzoate, acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), benzoate, bisulfate, bitartrate, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate (camsylate), caprate (decanoate), caproate (hexanoate), caprylate (octanoate), cinnamate, citrate, cyclamate, digluconate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, disuccinate, dodecylsulfate (estolate), edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), estolate (lauryl sulfate), ethane-1,2-disulfonate (edisylate), ethanesulfonate (esylate), formate, fumarate, galactarate (mucate), gentisate (2,5-dihydroxybenzoate), glucoheptonate (gluceptate), gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycerophosphorate, glycolate, hexylresorcinate, hippurate, hydrabamine (N,N′-di(dehydroabietyl)-ethylenediamine), hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, hydroxynaphthoate, isobutyrate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), methylsulfate, mucate, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (napadisylate), naphthalene-2-sulfonate (napsylate), nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, palmitate, p-aminobenzenesulfonate, p-aminosalicyclate, pamoate (embonate), pantothenate, pectinate, persulfate, phenylacetate, phenylethylbarbiturate, phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), pyroglutamate, pyruvate, salicylate, sebacate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfamate, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate (8-chlorotheophyllinate), thiocyanate, triethiodide, undecanoate, undecylenate, and valerate. 
     Representative pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include, but are not limited to, aluminium, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS, tromethamine), arginine, benethamine (N-benzylphenethylamine), benzathine (N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine), bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, bismuth, calcium, chloroprocaine, choline, clemizole (1-p chlorobenzyl-2-pyrrolildine-1′-ylmethylbenzimidazole), cyclohexylamine, dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, diethyltriamine, dimethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, dopamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, L-histidine, iron, isoquinoline, lepidine, lithium, lysine, magnesium, meglumine (V-methylglucamine), piperazine, piperidine, potassium, procaine, quinine, quinoline, sodium, strontium, t-butylamine, and zinc. 
     In one embodiment, the compositions of this invention further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In the method of this invention, preferred routes of administration are oral and by injection to deliver subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Therefore, preferred pharmaceutical compositions include compositions suitable for oral administration (for example tablets) and compositions suitable for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. 
     In another aspect the present invention discloses methods of preventing HIV infection in a human or reducing the risk of infection, comprising administering a compound or salt of this invention. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP) is when people at risk for HIV infection take daily medicine to lower their chances of getting HIV infection. PrEP has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of infection. 
     The compounds and salts of this invention are believed to have as their biological target the HIV capsid and thus their mechanism of action is to modify in one or more ways the function of the HIV capsid. 
     The compounds and salts of the present invention may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. Combination therapies according to the present invention thus comprise the administration of at least one compound or salt of the invention, and the administration of at least one other agent which may be useful in the treatment of HIV infection. A compound or salt of the present invention, and the other agent may be formulated and administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or may be formulated and administered separately. When formulated and administered separately, administration may occur simultaneously or sequentially in any order. Suitable other agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, cabotegravir, maraviroc, rilpiverine, atazanavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, islatravir, doravirine, and darunavir. Preferred agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, islatravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, and cabotegravir. Particularly preferred agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, and cabotegravir. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Preparation of ethyl 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred suspension of sodium methanesulfinate (5.0 g, 48.98 mol, 2.45 equiv.) in DMF (50 mL) at room temperature and under N 2  atmosphere was added pyridine (6.3 mL) and ethyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate (3.9 g, 20.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 18 h at 50° C. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. and was then diluted with water (150 mL) and MTBE (100.0 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30-45 min at the same temperature. The organic layer was separated and reserved. The aqueous layer extracted with MTBE (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaHCO 3  solution (50 mL), then 2.0 N HCl (50 mL), and then 15% NaCl solution (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then concentrated under vacuum at below 50° C. to afford ethyl 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanoate as a liquid. The crude product, 2.5 g (64%), was directly used for the next step without purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) for crude product: 64.27 (q, 3=7.04 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.32 (t, J=7.04 Hz, 3H). APCI-MS [M+H] + : 195.0 
     Preparation of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanal 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanoate (crude material prepared as described above, 5.0 g, 25.74 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous dichloromethane (100 mL) was slowly added DIBAL-H (1M in toluene, 51.48 mL) at −70 to −80° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at −78° C. After the reaction was determined to be complete (TLC), the mixture it was quenched via the addition of aq. 20% potassium sodium tartrate (50.0 mL) at −70 to −80° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was then stirred for 4-6 h. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad washing with dichloromethane (25 mL). The phases of the filtrate were partitioned; the organic phase was reserved. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with aq. 15% NaCl solution (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, then concentrated under vacuum at below 45° C. The resultant gummy liquid product, crude 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanal (2.6 g, 67%), was directly used for the next step without purification. 
     Preparation of 3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yne 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of potassium carbonate (3.68 g, 36.32 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) in methanol (20 mL) was added (2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propanal (crude material prepared as described above) (2.0 g, 13.31 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) at room temperature. After being stirred for 10-15 min, the mixture was cooled to 0° C. To the mixture was added dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (“Bestmann-Ohira reagent”, 3.07 g, 15.97 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) and the mixture was stirred for 15-30 min at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was then stirred for 4 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a celite pad washing with dichloromethane (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum at below 50° C. The crude residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and the solution was then washed with sat. aq. NaHCO 3  solution (30 mL) and then aq. 15% NaCl solution (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, then concentrated under vacuum at below 45° C. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc 80:20→70:30) to afford the pure 3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yne as off-white solid, 1.3 g (67%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 1H), 1.67 (s, 6H). APCI-MS [M+H] + =147.1. 
     Preparation of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of cyclopent-3-enol (130 g, 1545 mmol) in DCM (1200 mL) under N 2  atmosphere at 0-5° C. was added dropwise a solution of diethyl zinc in hexane (1.0 M, 3091 mL, 3091 mmol) over a period of 3 h. To the solution at 0° C. was added dropwise a solution of diiodomethane (249 mL, 3091 mmol) in DCM (300 mL) over a period of 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27° C. upon which formation of a white precipitation was observed. The mixture stirred for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 20% EtOAc/pet, Rf=0.3, UV-inactive, PMA-active). The reaction mixture was quenched via the careful addition of aq. saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1.5 L). The mixture was filtered through pad of Celite. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2×1 L). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol as red liquid, 180 g. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ=4.41-4.35 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.73 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 1.35-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.14 (m, 1H), 0.57-0.43 (m, 2H). GCMS: m/z=98.1). 
     Preparation of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol (210 g, 2054 mmol) in DCM (5000 mL) under N 2  atmosphere at 0° C. was added portion-wise Dess-Martin periodinane (954 g, 225 mmol). The mixture was allowed to warm to 27° C. and was then stirred for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 20% Acetone/Hex, Rf=0.3, UV in-active, PMA-active). The reaction mixture was filtered through pad of Celite and the filtrate was washed with aq. NaOH (1N, 8×1 L). The combined aqueous phases were extracted with DCM (5×1 L). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure (bath temperature: 20° C.) to afford crude bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one as brown liquid. The liquid was further purified by downward distillation at 70° C. to afford bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one as a pale yellow viscous liquid, 125 g (62%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ=2.61-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.46 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.86 (m, 1H), −0.01-−0.08 (m, 1H); GCMS: M/Z=96.1. 
     Preparation of 2-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (125 g, 1274 mmol) in THE (1500 mL) under N 2  atmosphere at −78° C. was added LDA (2.0 M in THF, 0.701 L, 1402 mmol). The solution was stirred for 1 h at −78° C. To the solution was added slowly over 30 minutes a solution of ethyldifluoroacetate (174 g, 1402 mmol) in THE (300 mL) maintaining a temperature of −78° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27° C. and was then stirred for 1 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 20% Acetone/Hexane, Rf=0.3, UV-active). The reaction mixture was quenched via the addition of aq. HCl (1N, 2000 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 min. and then was extracted with EtOAc (3×1000 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1000 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4  and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one as a pale yellow viscous liquid, 180 g (71%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ=6.18 (t, 3=54.8 Hz, 1H), 2.70-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.35 (d, 3=19.4 Hz, 1H), 2.14 (br s, 1H), 1.26-1.21 (m, 1H), 1.04-1.03 (m, 1H), 0.22-0.21 (m, 1H), LCMS: M/Z=173.17). 
     Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of 2-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (180 g, 910 mmol) in ethanol (2 L) under N 2  atmosphere at 27° C. was added ethyl 2-hydrazinylacetate hydrochloride (422 g, 2729 mmol) followed by sulfuric acid (20 mL, 375 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 min. and then was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 20% Acetone/Hexane, Rf=0.3, UV-active). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (2000 mL) and was washed with water (2×1 L), brine (1.0 L), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (pet.:acetone 100:0→98:2) to afford ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate as an off-white solid, 110 g (46%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ=6.86 (t, 3=54.8 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 4.14 (q, 3=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.88-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.19 (t, 3=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.10-1.03 (m, 1H), 0.14 (q, 3=4.3 Hz, 1H). 
     Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5-oxo-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (110 g, 422 mmol) and Celite (395 g) in cyclohexane (3.5 L) at 0° C. was added portionwise pyridinium dichromate (794 g, 2110 mmol). To the mixture under nitrogen atmosphere was added dropwise tert-butyl hydroperoxide (355 mL, 2130 mmol) over a period of 10 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to 27° C. and was then stirred at that temperature for 48 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 30% Acetone/pet, Rf=0.4, UV-active). The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was extracted with EtOAc (1000 mL). The filtrate was washed with saturated aq. Na 2 S 2 O 3  (2×500 mL); saturated aq. FeSO 4  (300 mL); and then brine (500 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude title compound (150 g). 
     Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5-oxo-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (75 g, 269 mmol) in DCM (1500 mL) at 27° C. under nitrogen atmosphere was added ethane-1,2-dithiol (43.0 mL, 511 mmol) followed by the addition of boron trifluoride acetic acid (72.6 mL, 511 mmol). The solution was stirred for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 20% Acetone/Pet, Rf=0.35, UV-Active). After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched via the addition of aq. saturated NaHCO 3  (500 mL). The mixture was extracted with DCM (2×1000 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (1000 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a brown liquid. This material was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (Pet.:EtOAc 95:5→90:10) to afford ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate as an off-white solid, 80 g (74%). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ=6.61 (t, J=55.2 Hz, 1H), 5.00-4.85 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 4H), 2.63-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.24 (m, 4H), 0.65-0.60 (m, 1H). LCMS M+H=346.9. 
     Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (26.3 g, 92 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at −70° C. under N 2  atmosphere was added HF-pyridine (2.460 g, 24.83 mmol). The solution was for 30 min. To the solution was added a solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate (10 g, 25 mmol) in DCM (20 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to −40° C. and then was stirred at that temperature for 1 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 30% EtOAc/Pet, Rf=0.3, UV in-active). The reaction mixture was quenched via the addition of aq. sat. NaHCO 3  (200 mL). The mixture was warmed to room temperature and was then extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (50 mL); dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a brown solid. This material was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (Pet.:EtOAc 100:0→75-25) to afford ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate as a pale yellow solid, 8.5 g (91%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ=6.62 (t, J=55.2 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.30-4.18 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.23 (m, 3H), 1.14-1.08 (m, 1H). LCMS M+H=293.07. 
     Preparation of 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (15 g, 50 mmol) in THE (17 mL) and MeOH (66 mL) at 0° C. under N 2  atmosphere was added a solution of LiOH (1.788 g, 74.7 mmol) in water (66 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27° C. and was then stirred for 3 h at that temperature. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 5% MeOH/DCM, Rf=0.2, UV Active). After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure; diluted with water (50 mL); and washed with EtOAc (2×250 mL) to remove impurities. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 2-3 using aq. HCl (1M), then was extracted with EtOAc (3×1000 mL). The combined organics were dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid as an off white solid, 14 g (98%). LCMS M+H=265.15. 
     Separation affording 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid and 2-((3bR,4aS)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (5.5 g) was dissolved in isopropanol (20 mL). The solution was subjected portion-wise to SFC chiral separation as follows: Instrument=Thar 80; column=Chiralpak IC 30×250 mm, 5 micron; solvent A=super critical C02; solvent B=isopropanol with 0.5% isopropylamine (v/v); eluent composition=70% A:30% B; flow-rate=65 g/min; back-pressure=100 bar; temperature=30° C.; injection volume=2.5 mL; detection=220 nm. 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid was collected as peak eluting from 7.5 min. to 14 min; 2-((3bR,4aS)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid was collected as a peak eluting from 2.7 min. to 5.8 min. For each enantiomer, the resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting solids were dissolved in EtOAc, then twice washed with aq. citric acid (1M) followed by water followed by brine. The organic solution was dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; then concentrated in vacuo to afford the separated enantiomer in 80-90% recovery. 
     Preparation of 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of 1-bromo-4-chloro-2-fluorobenzene (200 g, 0.955 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous THE (2.0 L) was added a solution of LDA in THE (2.0 M, 620 mL, 1.24 mol, 1.3 equiv.) at −50° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to −20° C. and was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to −50° C. and slowly to the mixture was added DMF (184.8 mL, 2.48 mol, 2.6 equiv.) maintaining a temperature of −50° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C. and was stirred for 30-45 min at the same temperature (0° C.). The mixture was quenched via the slow addition of ice cold water (2.0 L). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.0 L) and stirred for 15 min at room temperature. The organic layer was separated and reserved; the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×1.0 L). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×1.0 L); 1.0 N HCl (1.0 L) and then 15% NaCl solution (2.0 L). The organic solution was dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and then concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude solid was used directly in the next step without further purification. Yield for the crude product: 210.0 g (93%). 
     Preparation of 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (210.0 g, 0.89 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in water (2.1 L) at room temperature was added hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (175.15 g, 1.55 mol, 1.75 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 18 h). The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for 1-1.5 h. The solids were isolated via filtration and were then washed with water. The wet solid was dried under vacuum at 50° C. for 12-15 h to afford 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde, 190.0 g (91%). 
     Preparation of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a 3 L three neck round bottom flask fitted with a water-cooled condenser, a thermometer and a mechanical stirrer was added 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile (100 g, 427 mmol) and ethanol (500 mL). To the solution was added hydrazine hydrate (104 ml, 2133 mmol) at room temperature. The solution was heated to 80° C. and was maintained at that temperature for 1 h upon which the mixture became a homogeneous solution and LCMS analysis indicated the reaction was complete. The solution was allowed to cool to 45° C. and then water (1 L) was added slowly to produce a white ppt. as a thick slurry. Following the addition, the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The solids were isolated via filtration. The solids were washed with water (1 L) and then dried under vacuum at 45° C. to afford 7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine as a pale orange solid, 103 g (98%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ): δ 12.21 (bs, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (bs, 2H) ppm. 
     Preparation of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-amine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile (360.0 g, 1.55 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in ethanol (1.08 L) was added methylhydrazine sulphate (1.11 kg, 7.73 mol, 5.0 equiv.) followed by the addition of triethylamine (1.3 L, 9.3 mol, 6.0 equiv.) at 25-35° C. The reaction mixture was heated to 110° C. and maintained at that temperature for 15 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and to the mixture was added water (3.0 L). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solids were isolated via filtration and were washed with water. The wet solid was dried under vacuum at 50° C. for 12-15 hours. The material was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc 90:10→60:40) to afford 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-amine as a pale yellow solid, 185.0 g (46%). 
     Preparation of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-amine (90 g, 0.34 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in CH 2 Cl 2  (900 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (“DIPEA”, 180.4 mL, 1.04 mol, 3.0 equiv.) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (“DMAP”, 2.07 g, 0.017 mol, 0.05 equiv.). The mixture was stirred for 5 min, then was cooled to 0° C. and methanesulfonyl chloride (67.7 mL, 0.87 mol, 2.5 equiv.) was added resulting in a noted exotherm. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred at that temperature 3 h upon which a precipitate formed. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (1.0 L) and then was washed with water (2.0 L) followed by aq. HCl (1.0M, 1.0 L), and then brine (1.5 L). The organic solution was dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered, and then concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was dissolved in EtOH (1.8 L). To the solution was added aq. NaOH (20%, 650 mL) at room temperature upon which a slight exotherm was noted. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h upon which the mixture became a homogeneous solution. The solution was diluted with water (2.0 L) and the pH was adjusted to pH 2-3 using aq. HCl (1.0M, app. 3.0 L). The precipitate that was formed was collected by filtration. The solids were washed with water and then dried in vacuo to afford N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide as an off-white solid, 96 g (82%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.48 (d, 3-7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (br s, 1H), 6.95 (d, 3-7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (s, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H). LC/MS (M+H) + =337.80. 
     Preparation of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a mixture of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (49 g, 0.144 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMF (980 mL) was added 1-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (23.54 mL, 0.17 mol, 1.2 equiv.). To the mixture was added cesium carbonate (61.3 g, 0.18 mol, 1.3 equiv.). The mixture was heated to 80° C. and maintained at that temperature for 2 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC) the mixture was poured into water (2.0 L). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×1.5 L). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1.0 L); dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallised from hexanes:EtOAc (9:1, 120 mL) to afford the desired product V-(7-Bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl) methane sulfonamide as a white solid. Yield: 62 g (94%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.44 (d, 3-7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, 3-8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, 3-8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.99 (br s, 1H), 4.76 (br s, 1H), 4.40 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H). 
     Preparation of N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of N-(7-Bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl) methanesulfonamide (55 g, 0.12 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in NMP (900 mL) at room temperature was added copper (I) iodide (4.57 g, 0.024 mol, 0.2 equiv.), sodium ascorbate (47.4 g, 0.24 mol, 2 equiv.) and (1R,2R)—N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (8.52 g, 0.06 mol, 0.5 equiv.) were added at room temperature. Then a solution of sodium azide (23.3 g, 0.36 mol, 3.0 equiv.) in water (182 mL). The mixture was heated to 100° C. and maintained at that temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (1.5 L), then filtered through a pad of Celite. The filter pad was extracted with EtOAc (500 mL). The combined filtrate was diluted with water (2.0 L) and the organic layer was isolated and reserved. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×1.0 L). The combined organic layers were washed with water (1.0 L); brine (1.0 L); dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by silica column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc 100:0→80:20) to afford the title compound, N-(7-Amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl) methanesulfonamide, as an off-white solid, 27.0 g (57%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.33-7.29 (m, 2H), 6.89 (d, 3-7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.48 (d, 3-7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (br.s, 1H), 4.81 (br.s, 1H), 4.30 (s, 3H), 3.80 (br s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.99 (s, 3H). LC/MS (M+H) + =395.00. 
     Preparation of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid (3.82 g, 12.66 mmol), 2-amino-4-bromobenzoic acid (3.01 g, 13.93 mmol) and N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (5 g, 12.66 mmol) in pyridine (50 mL) was added diphenyl phosphite (9.80 mL, 50.6 mmol). The resulting mixture was placed on a preheated oil bath (70° C.) and heated at 70° C. for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (approximately 500 mL) and washed with aqueous citric acid (0.5M, 2×50 mL), then aqueous NaOH (1M, 3×50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue was then purified via silica gel chromatography (330 g silica gel column, gradient of hexanes:EtOAc 0:100→50:50) to afford tert-butyl (S)-(1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (6.2 g, 7.22 mmol, 57.1% yield) as pale yellow solid foam (inseparable mixture of atropisomers). LC/MS: m/z=801.10 [M-tBu]. 
     Preparation of(S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (6.2 g, 7.22 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM) (50 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL, 260 mmol) followed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.770 mL, 8.67 mmol). The resulting dark red solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. LCMS at this point indicates two peaks containing the desired product mass, consistent with the presence of two diastereomeric atropisomers (ratio of approximately 30:70). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned between EtOAc (300 mL) and aq. NaOH (1M, 30 mL). The aq. phase was tested and determined to be pH &gt;=8.0. The organic phase was isolated and dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified in three approximately equal portions via C18 chromatography (275 g RediSep Gold Column, Mobile Phase A: 5:95 acetonitrile:water with 0.1% TFA; Mobile Phase B: 95:5 acetonitrile:water with 0.1% TFA; gradient of 10-60% B over 30 min). Fractions containing the major atropisomer (second eluting) were combined, adjusted to pH 8 via addition of aq. 1M NaOH; extracted with ethyl acetate; washed with brine (sat. aq. NaCl); dried over Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and then concentrated to afford the desired major atropisomer (S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (2.4 g, 3.76 mmol, 52% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ ppm 8.11 (d, J=8.55 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, 3-1.53 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, 3-8.55, 1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 2H), 6.96-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.75 (br d, 3-7.02 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.56 (dd, J=7.63, 5.19 Hz, 1H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.81 (dd, J=13.43, 8.24 Hz, 1H). LCMS: m/z=637.05 [M+H] + . 
     Preparation of N—((S)-1-(7-bromo-3-(4-choro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a solution of (S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (2.08 g, 3.26 mmol), 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (0.861 g, 3.26 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (“DIPEA”) (1.709 mL, 9.78 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (30 mL) was added HATU (1.364 g, 3.59 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temp for 3 h. To the mixture was added ammonia in methanol (2M, 3 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temp for 30 min. Water was then added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate; washed with brine; dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered; and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc 100:0→30:70) to afford N—((S)-1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (2.5 g, 2.83 mmol, 87% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ ppm 8.18 (d, 3-8.24 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, 3-1.53 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, 3-8.55, 1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.63 Hz, 1H), 6.57-6.83 (m, 4H), 6.38 (br d, J=5.80 Hz, 2H), 4.71-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.63 (d, 3-6.71 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.18 (dd, 3-13.73, 6.10 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (dd, 3-13.58, 7.48 Hz, 1H), 2.52-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.50 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.09-1.16 (m, 1H). 
     LCMS: m/z=883.05 [M+H] + . 
     Preparation of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine (128.0 g, 0.52 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in dry THE (1.92 L) at 0° C. was added tBuOK (76 g, 0.67 mol, 1.3 equiv.) in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min at 0° C.; then to the solution was slowly added 2,2-difluoroethyl trifluoro-methanesulfonate (122.5 g, 0.57 mol, 1.1 equiv.) at 0° C. The mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and then was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with ice-cold water (3.0 L) and MTBE (2×1.5 L). The organic layer was separated, washed with water (2×1.2 L), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and then concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude material was subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc 95:5→90:10). Product-containing fractions contaminated with the undesired regioisomer were concentrated and then triturated with DCM (5 mL/g) to afford the pure desired product which was then combined with fractions of the pure material. This process afforded 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine as a light yellow solid, 110 g (68%).  1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 500 MHz) δ 7.55 (d, 1H, 3-7.9 Hz), 6.96 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 6.1-6.5 (m, 1H), 5.62 (s, 2H), 4.94 (dt, 2H, 3-3.8, 14.1 Hz). 
     Preparation of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine (10 g, 0.032 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in dry pyridine (100 mL) was added cyclopropylsulfonyl chloride (18.1 g, 0.128 mol, 4.0 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The mixture was diluted with water (400 mL) and extracted with MTBE (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3×300 mL), brine (300 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude material was triturated with hexanes (15 V) to obtain N-(7-Bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H/indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide as a light-red solid, 11.1 g (82%). 
     Preparation of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred mixture of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclo-propanesulfonamide (15 g, 0.036 mol, 1.0 equiv.) and 1-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (6.79 g, 0.043 mol, 1.2 equiv.) in DMF (150 mL) was added cesium carbonate (15.32 g, 0.047 mol, 1.3 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred at that temperature for 2 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the mixture was poured into water (300 mL) and the product was extracted with MTBE (2×200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude material was subjected to silica gel column purification (hexanes:EtOAc 80:20→75:25) to afford N-(7-Bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide as a gummy liquid, 16.5 g (86%). 
     Preparation of N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of N-(7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamide (32 g, 0.059 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in NMP (512 mL) at room temperature was added copper (I) iodide (2.27 g, 0.012 mol, 0.2 equiv.), sodium ascorbate (23.7 g, 0.12 mol, 2 equiv.) and (1R,2R)—N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (4.25 g, 0.03 mol, 0.5 equiv.). To the mixture was added a solution of sodium azide (11.6 g, 0.18 mol, 3.0 equiv.) in water (112 mL). The reaction was heated to 100° C. and stirred for 18 h the same temperature. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (1.2 L). The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, extracting with EtOAc (300 mL). The combined filtrate was poured into water (1.5 L) and the organic layer was isolated and reserved. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×0.8 L). The combined organic layers were washed with water (0.8 L), brine (0.8 L), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and then concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc 100:0→80:20) to afford the title compound, N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamide as an off-white solid, 14.2 g (50%). 
     Preparation of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl) cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid (15 g, 49.8 mmol) and 2-amino-4-bromobenzoic acid (12.91 g, 59.7 mmol) in pyridine (150 mL) in a sealed tube at 26° C. was added diphenyl phosphite (35.7 mL, 184 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed with N 2  bubbling for each addition of reagents. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to 26° C., then N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamide (N66734-90-A2, 20.49 g, 34.9 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 30% EtOAc/Pet. Rf=0.3). The reaction mixture was cooled to 26° C. and then was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×500 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with aq. citric acid (5% w/v, 2×150 mL), then brine (250 mL); dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a brown gummy liquid (40 g). The above procedure was repeated, and the crude product of both iterations was combined. This material was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography (pet.:EtOAc, 60:40→55:45) to afforded tert-butyl (S)-(1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (mixture of diastereomers) as a yellow solid (42 g, 98%). LCMS: M+H=933.88 &amp; 935.88; purity=76.91%. 
     Preparation of (S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (14 g, 11.53 mmol) in DCM (140 mL) at 27° C. under N 2  atmosphere was added TFA (140 mL). The solution was stirred for 10 min. To the solution was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (7.16 mL, 81 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 27° C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 50% EtOAc/pet, Rf=0.2). The solvent was removed under a gentle stream of nitrogen. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (500 mL) and the organic layer was washed with aq. saturated NaHCO 3  (2×150 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to dryness to the crude compound as an off white solid (12 g). The above procedure was repeated twice more and the additional crude solids (2×14 g) were combined with the above. The combined material was dissolved in dichloromethane (500 mL) and concentrated to afford a homogeneous crude solid. This material was washed with pet. ether:EtOAc (80:20) and then dried under vacuum to afford a brown solid (30 g). This material was then subjected to C18 reverse phase chromatography under the following conditions: Column=RediSep Gold HP C18 275 g; Mobile Phase A=Water:MeCN:TFA (950:50:1); Mobile Phase B=Water:MeCN:TFA (50:950:1); flow rate=80 mL/min; gradient profile (time/% B)=5/5, 5/10, 5/15, 10/20, 15/30, 20/40, 15/45, 10/50; temperature=ambient. Fractions of the major peak were pooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the non-aqueous solvent. 
     The resulting aq. solution was neutralized via the addition of sat. aq. NaHCO 3  (1000 mL), then was extracted with EtOAc (4×500 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (500 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated to afford (S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide (single diastereomer) as an off white solid. The material was then subjected to SFC purification under the following conditions: Column/dimensions=Chiralpak OX-H (30×250 mm), 5p; Solvent A=liquid CO 2 ; Solvent B=Methanol with 0.5% diethyl amine; Eluent=A:B (70:30); Flow-rate=100.0 g/min; Back Pressure=100.0 bar; Detection=UV (214 nm); injection volume=1.3 mL (93 mg/injection); 160 injections. Two peaks were collected separately, and the major peak was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide (single stereoisomer) as a pale yellow solid, 7.5 g (20%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ=8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.69 (m, 2H), 6.38-6.19 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.97-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.76 (m, 1H), 1.05-0.99 (m, 4H). LCMS: M+H=712.94 and 714.94; purity=98.37%, chiral HPLC purity=96%. 
     Preparation of N—((S)-1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a stirred solution of (S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-bromo-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide (500 mg, 0.700 mmol), 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (N68084-15-A1, 185 mg, 0.700 mmol), and HOBt (42.9 mg, 0.280 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at 27° C. was added N-methylmorpholine (0.308 mL, 2.80 mmol) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (242 mg, 1.261 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 27° C. for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO 2 , 50% EtOAc/Pet., Rf=0.3, UV-active). On completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with ice cold water (70 mL) and then stirred for 15 min at 27° C. The precipitated solids were collected by filtration and then dried under vacuum to obtain the crude compound as an off-white solid. The crude compound was subjected to silica gel chromatography (pet.:EtOAc (98:2→50:50) to afford N—((S)-1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide as an off-white solid, 550 mg (80%).1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) b=9.99 (s, 1H), 9.24 (d, 3=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, 3=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, 3=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.77 (d, 3=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, 3=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.64-6.58 (m, 2H), 6.23-5.98 (m, 1H), 4.74-4.57 (m, 2H), 4.41-4.35 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.02-0.90 (m, 4H), 0.87-0.82 (m, 1H). LCMS analysis method F: RT=6.74 mins, (M+H)=959.0 and 961.0; LCMS Purity=98%; Chiral HPLC Purity=98%. 
     Preparation of Example 1: N—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a vial charged with N—((S)-1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (50 mg, 0.057 mmol), 3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yne (9.92 mg, 0.068 mmol), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (1.5 mL) and triethylamine (0.024 mL, 0.170 mmol) was added copper(I) iodide (1.077 mg, 5.66 μmol), followed by bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (3.97 mg, 5.66 μmol). The mixture was then degassed for 5 min with argon, and then was heated at 60° C. for 5 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was subjected to HPLC purification (Column: Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18, 21.2×100 mm, 5 μm particles; Solvent A=0.1% Formic Acid in 100% Water. Solvent B=Acetonitrile. Flow Rate=40 mL/min. Start % B=30 Final % B=72.2. Gradient Time=7 min, then a 2 min hold at 98% B. Wavelength=215 and 254 nm. ESI+Range: 150 to 1500 dalton. Sample was loaded at 30% B.) to afford N—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (24 mg, 0.025 mmol, 44.7% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, METHANOL-d 4 ) δ ppm 8.26 (d, 3-8.05 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, 3-1.79 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, 3-7.75 Hz, 1H), 6.54-6.81 (m, 4H), 4.78-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.57-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.45-4.55 (m, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.41-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.06 (dd, 3-14.01, 9.24 Hz, 1H), 2.37-2.47 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 6H), 1.33-1.38 (m, 1H), 0.95-1.01 (m, 1H). LC/MS retention time=1.36 min; m/z=949.3 [M+H] + . LCMS analysis method: Column=Acquity BEH C18, 2.1×30 mm, 1.7 μm particles; Solvent A=0.1% Formic acid in 100% Water. Solvent B=0.1% Formic Acid in 100% Acetonitrile. Flow Rate=0.8 mL/min. Start % B=5. Final % B=95. Gradient Time=1.7 min, then a 0.2 min hold at 95% B. Wavelength=215 and 254 nm. ESI+Range: 150 to 1500 Dalton. System=Agilent 1290 Infinity II. 
     Preparation of Example 2: N—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     To a vial charged with N—((S)-1-(7-bromo-3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (50 mg, 0.052 mmol), 3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yne (9.14 mg, 0.062 mmol), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (1.5 mL) and triethylamine (0.022 mL, 0.156 mmol) was added copper(I) iodide (0.992 mg, 5.21 μmol) followed by bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (3.66 mg, 5.21 μmol). The mixture was then degassed with argon for 5 min., and then was heated at 60° C. for 5 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was subjected to HPLC purification (Column=Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18, 21.2×100 mm, 5 μm particles; Solvent A=0.1% Formic Acid in 100% Water. Solvent B=Acetonitrile. Flow Rate=40 mL/min. Start % B=30. Final % B=75.4. Gradient Time=7 min, then a 2 min hold at 98% B. Wavelength=215 and 254 nm. ESI+Range: 150 to 1500 dalton. Sample was loaded at 30% B.) to afford N—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (35 mg, 0.034 mmol, 65.5% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, METHANOL-d 4 ) δ ppm 8.25 (d, 3-8.05 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, 3-1.49 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.05 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.05 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.82 (m, 4H), 5.84-6.13 (m, 1H), 4.66-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.64 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.02 (dd, 3-14.31, 9.54 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (tt, J=8.05, 4.77 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.48 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 6H), 1.31-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.04-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.91-1.01 (m, 3H). LC/MS retention time=1.45 min; m/z=1025.2 [M+H] + . LCMS analysis method: Column=Acquity BEH C18, 2.1×30 mm, 1.7 μm particles; Solvent A=0.1% Formic acid in 100% Water. Solvent B=0.1% Formic Acid in 100% Acetonitrile. Flow Rate=0.8 mL/min. Start % B=5. Final % B=95. Gradient Time=1.7 min, then a 0.2 min hold at 95% B. Wavelength=215 and 254 nm. ESI+Range: 150 to 1500 Dalton. System: Agilent 1290 Infinity II) 
     Biological Methods: 
     HIV cell culture assay—MT-2 cells, 293T cells and the proviral DNA clone of NL 4-3  virus were obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program. MT-2 cells were propagated in RPMI 1640 media supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mg/ml penicillin G and up to 100 units/mL streptomycin. The 293T cells were propagated in DMEM media supplemented with 10% heat inactivated FBS, 100 mg/mL penicillin G and 100 mg/mL streptomycin. A recombinant NL 4-3  proviral clone, in which a section of the nef gene was replaced with the  Renilla  luciferase gene, was used to make the reference virus used in these studies. The recombinant virus was prepared through transfection of the recombinant NL 4-3  proviral clone into 293T cells using Transit-293 Transfection Reagent from Mirus Bio LLC (Madison, Wis.). Supernatent was harvested after 2-3 days and the amount of virus present was titered in MT-2 cells using luciferase enzyme activity as a marker by measuring luciferase enzyme activity. Luciferase was quantitated using the EnduRen Live Cell Substrate from Promega (Madison, Wis.). Antiviral activities of compounds toward the recombinant virus were quantified by measuring luciferase activity in MT-2 cells infected for 4-5 days with the recombinant virus in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound.
 
The 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) was calculated by using the exponential form of the median effect equation where (Fa)=1/[1+(ED 50 /drug conc.)m] (Johnson V A, Byington R T. Infectivity Assay. In Techniques in HIV Research. ed. Aldovini A, Walker B D. 71-76. New York: Stockton Press. 1990). The 50% inhibitory concentration (EC 50 ) was calculated by using the exponential form of the median effect equation where percent inhibition=1/[1+(EC 50 /drug concentration)m], where m is a parameter that reflects the slope of the concentration-response curve. Curve fitting and analysis were performed with ActivityBase XE Runner software version 9.1.0.4 using model 203 (ID Business Solutions, LTD, Guildford, UK).
 
     Compound cytotoxicity and the corresponding CC 50  values were determined using the same protocol as described in the antiviral assay except that uninfected cells were used. Cytotoxicity was assessed on day 4 in uninfected MT2 cells by using an XTT (2,3-bis[2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt)-based colorimetric assay (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Mo.). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 EC 50  nM 
                 CC 50  μM 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 0.035 
                 &gt;0.5 
               
               
                   
                 Example 2 
                 0.047 
                 &gt;0.5