Patent Publication Number: US-2023154795-A1

Title: Frame mask for singulating wafers by plasma etching

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/278,489, filed on Nov. 12, 2021, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure generally relates to plasma dicing of semiconductor wafers. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to frame masks and methods for utilizing the frame masks for plasma dicing. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In semiconductor processing, a wafer is processed to form a plurality of devices thereon. After the devices are formed, the wafer is diced to separate the devices into individual dies. Conventional techniques for dicing employ the use of a dicing saw. The saw cuts the wafer along the x-direction and the y-direction saw lines, one at a time, to separate the wafer into individual dies. Sawing, however, takes time, which slows down the processing throughput. In addition, mechanical sawing causes vibration when cutting the wafer. The vibration may cause cracks in the dies, such as the back-end dielectric, which may impact yields negatively. 
     To combat the issues of sawing, plasma dicing has been investigated. Plasma dicing entails mounting a wafer onto a wafer ring and inserting the wafer ring with the wafer into a plasma chamber for etching. Unlike mechanical sawing, the plasma etch process singulates the wafer into individual dies in a single plasma etch step without any vibration issues. This significantly improves throughput as well as avoids reliability issues due to cracking. In addition, plasma dicing avoids vibration which may cause cracking in the dies. 
     However, plasma dicing requires pre and post-plasma dicing processes. The pre-plasma dicing process includes a coating process that forms a hard mask layer, such as a silicon oxide layer on the wafer, and a patterning process to form the hard mask. The patterning process includes laser etching. Laser etching requires individual laser cuts in the x-direction and the y-direction to form the etch mask used for plasma dicing. Laser etching tools are quite expensive and laser etching is time-consuming due to the required individual cuts. As for the post-plasma dicing process, it includes removing the mask, further incurring additional processing time. 
     Based on the foregoing discussion, there is a desire to provide fast and economical plasma dicing processes. 
     SUMMARY 
     Frame masks, including systems and methods thereof, are disclosed. In one embodiment, a frame mask for plasma dicing wafers includes a mask frame, wherein the mask frame includes a top ring mask support and a side ring mask support. A plurality of mask segments suspended from the top ring mask support by segment supports, the mask segments are configured to define dicing channels on a blank wafer. The frame mask is configured to removably sit onto a frame lift assembly in a plasma chamber of a plasma dicing tool, when fitted onto the frame lift assembly, the mask segments are disposed above a wafer on a wafer ring frame for plasma dicing. The mask frame is configured to enable flow of plasma therethrough to the wafer to etch the wafer to form dicing channels defined by the mask segments. 
     In another embodiment, a method for plasma dicing a wafer utilizing a frame mask includes providing a frame mask in a plasma chamber, the frame mask includes a mask frame for supporting a plurality of mask segments configured to define dicing channels of a wafer. A wafer frame ring assembly with a wafer for plasma dicing on wafer ring assembly holder of a frame lift assembly is disposed in a plasma chamber of a plasma dicing tool. The frame mask is placed onto a frame lift ring on a top of the frame lift assembly, wherein the mask segments are disposed over the wafer. The frame lift assembly is lowered so that the wafer on the wafer ring frame assembly is fixed to an electrostatic chuck in the plasma chamber. The method also includes performing plasma dicing of the wafer in the plasma chamber. 
     In yet another embodiment, a method for plasma dicing wafers utilizing frame masks includes providing a first frame mask in a first plasma chamber and a second frame mask in a second plasma chamber, the first and second frame masks include a mask frame for supporting a plurality of mask segments configured to define dicing channels of a wafer, the first frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in a first direction, and the second frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in a second direction. A wafer frame ring assembly with a wafer for plasma dicing is mounted on wafer ring assembly holder of a frame lift assembly disposed in the first plasma chamber of a plasma dicing tool. The first frame mask is placed onto a frame lift ring on a top of the frame lift assembly, wherein the mask segments are disposed over the wafer. The frame lift assembly is lowed so that the wafer on the wafer ring frame assembly is fixed to an electrostatic chuck in the first plasma chamber. The method also includes performing plasma dicing of the wafer in the first plasma chamber. The wafer frame ring assembly with the wafer for plasma dicing is mounted on wafer ring assembly holder of a frame lift assembly disposed in the second plasma chamber of a plasma dicing tool. The second frame mask is placed onto a frame lift ring on a top of the frame lift assembly, wherein the mask segments are disposed over the wafer. The frame lift assembly is lowered so that the wafer on the wafer ring frame assembly is fixed to an electrostatic chuck in the second plasma chamber. The method further includes performing plasma dicing of the wafer in the second plasma chamber. 
     These and other advantages and features of the embodiments herein disclosed, will become apparent through reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein are not mutually exclusive and can exist in various combinations and permutations. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. Also, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1   a    shows a simplified top view of an embodiment of a blank wafer; 
         FIG.  1   b    shows simplified top views of a wafer tape frame assembly mounted with different different-sized blank wafers used for plasma dicing; 
         FIGS.  2   a - 2   b    show simplified top views of embodiments of a frame mask used for plasma dicing; 
         FIG.  2   c    shows a simplified 3D view of embodiments of frame masks; 
         FIGS.  3   a - 3   c    show simplified views illustrating plasma dicing of a wafer in a plasma etch chamber of a plasma wafer dicing tool; 
         FIGS.  4   a - 4   b    show simplified cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a plasma etch process for dicing a wafer on a wafer frame assembly using a frame mask; 
         FIG.  5    shows a simplified process flow for an embodiment of plasma processing utilizing frame masks; 
         FIG.  6    shows a simplified process flow for another embodiment of plasma processing utilizing frame masks; 
         FIG.  7    shows a simplified process flow for another embodiment of plasma processing utilizing frame masks; and 
         FIG.  8    shows a simplified process flow for yet another embodiment of plasma processing utilizing frame masks. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments relate to frame masks and methods for utilizing frame masks for plasma dicing. Frame masks for plasma dicing improve cost efficiency with reusable pattern designs and reduce cycle time by avoiding the need to coat a mask before plasma dicing and remove the mask thereafter. 
       FIG.  1   a    shows a top view of an embodiment of a wafer  110 . The wafer  110 , in one embodiment, is a blank or unprocessed wafer with opposing major surfaces. For example, the wafer does not include a plurality of processed dies arranged in rows (x-direction) and columns (y-direction). As such, the wafer does not include any passivation stack. In one embodiment, the wafer is processed by plasma dicing to form blank dies  115 . As shown, the blank dies are rectangular-shaped blank dies. Dicing the wafer to form other shaped or sized blank dies, such as circular, square, hexagonal or other geometric shapes, may also be useful. In one embodiment, the blank wafer is processed by plasma dicing to singulate it into a plurality of blank dies. For example, the blank wafer is plasma diced to singulate the blank wafer into individual blank dies. 
     The blank dies may be used for various purposes. One purpose may include the blank dies serving as mechanical support structures for processed or active dies to improve the active dies&#39; mechanical integrity. Other purposes for the blank dies may also be useful. 
       FIG.  1   b    shows simplified top views of a wafer tape frame assembly mounted with different different-sized blank wafers used for plasma dicing. A wafer tape frame assembly  101   a  is shown. The wafer tape frame assembly includes a wafer tape frame  120  with an adhesive wafer tape  124  attached thereto. As shown, the wafer tape ring is shown as a circular ring frame with a circular ring opening within the ring frame. For example, inner and outer circumferences are circular. Other configurations of the tape frame may also be useful. For example, the inner and/or other circumferences may not be completely circular. In addition, the tape frame may include alignment markers. The wafer tape is fixed to, for example, a surface, such as the bottom surface, of the tape ring. The wafer tape fills the ring opening. The wafer tape frame accommodates a wafer  110   a . For example, the wafer is aligned to the tape frame assembly and attached thereto by the adhesive wafer tape. 
     For plasma dicing, wafer tape frame assemblies are specifically configured for a specific-sized wafer. Different sized frame assemblies are provided for different sized wafers. As shown, the wafer tape frame assembly  101   a  is specifically configured to fit a  12 ″ wafer. For example, the ring opening of the wafer tape frame  120  is specifically configured to fit a  12 ″ sized wafer. A specified gap exists between the wafer&#39;s outer edge and the inner edge of the wafer tape frame. In one embodiment, the wafer attached to the wafer tape frame assembly is a blank  12 ″ sized wafer. In one embodiment, the blank wafer does not need to be perfectly aligned with the wafer frame assembly. The tape frame with the wafer is configured to mount onto an electrostatic chuck (ESC) in a plasma chamber for processing. 
     A second wafer frame assembly  101   b  is shown. As shown, the wafer frame assembly includes a wafer frame  120  with an adhesive wafer frame tape  124 . The wafer frame assembly is configured for a  12 ″ sized wafer. However, as shown, an  8 ″ inch sized blank wafer  110   b  is attached to the second wafer frame assembly. As such, the wafer frame assembly can accommodate non-specifically sized blank wafers. Furthermore, the blank wafer need not be perfectly aligned with the wafer frame assembly. 
     Similarly, a third wafer frame assembly  101   c , which is configured for a  12 ″ sized wafer, is mounted with a  6 ″ sized wafer  110   c . The blank wafer need not be perfectly aligned with the wafer frame assembly. 
       FIGS.  2   a - 2   b    show simplified top views of embodiments of a frame mask  202  used for plasma dicing. The frame mask, in one embodiment, is a physical mask which is disposed over the blank wafer in the plasma chamber. With the frame mask, there is no need for pre-plasma dicing processing, such as forming a hard mask (coating and patterning) and post-plasma dicing processing, such as removing the hard mask. This improves cycle time. Furthermore, unlike coated masks used in plasma processing, the frame mask is reusable. For example, the same frame mask can be used over and over again for plasma dicing wafers. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   a   , an embodiment of a frame mask  202  is shown. The frame mask, in one embodiment, is configured for a two-step plasma etch process for singulating a blank wafer into individual blank dies. For example, a first etch process is performed to form first directional cuts (x-direction or y-direction) and a second etch process in which the mask is rotated 90° to form second directional cuts (y-direction or x-direction) is performed to complete the plasma singulation process. The wafer frame is configured to enable plasma to pass through the frame mask to etch the wafer. In addition, the wafer frame assembly can accommodate blank wafers of different sizes as well as avoid the need to have the wafer perfectly aligned thereto. As such, further cost savings can be achieved due to wafer frame flexibility. 
     In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a mask frame  230 . The mask frame is configured to support mask segments  250  which define plasma dicing channels  260  in the first direction. As shown, the mask segments are elongated members separated by spaces defining the plasma dicing channels. The mask segments are elongated rectangular-shaped members. For example, the mask segments are configured to form rectangular-shaped blank dies. Forming other shaped blank dies may be achieved by tuning the shapes of the mask segments. 
     In one embodiment, a mask segment includes a top segment surface  252 , a bottom segment surface  254  and side segment surfaces  255 , as shown in  FIG.  2   c   . In one embodiment, the top segment surface is smaller than the bottom segment surface, resulting in slanted side segment surfaces. The slanted side segment surfaces facilitate the flow of plasma to the dicing channels for dicing the wafer. 
     The mask frame is also configured or adapted to fit in a plasma chamber and to be disposed over a wafer tape frame assembly for plasma dicing of the wafer. In particular, the mask frame is configured to fit into a conventional plasma dicing tool with minimal customization or no changes at all. In one embodiment, existing plasma dicing tools include support structures to which the mask frame can be adapted. For example, the mask frame can be adapted to an existing frame lift ring of a plasma dicing tool. In one embodiment, the mask frame includes a sloping mask frame side support  235  configured to fit onto the frame lift ring of the plasma etch tool. Alternatively, the mask frame can be fitted with a support adaptor which is configured to fit onto an existing support structure, such as a frame lift frame, of the plasma dicing tool. Other configurations of adapting the mask frame to the plasma dicing tool may also be useful. 
     In one embodiment, the mask frame enables plasma to pass through to etch the wafer on the wafer frame assembly. For example, the mask frame includes a grid-patterned top ring portion or support  231  to support the mask segments as well as a grid-patterned side support to facilitate plasma passing through to the wafer to etch the wafer. By grid-patterned, it refers to the presence of openings between support structures to enable plasma to pass through. The pattern of the grid may be any pattern. In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a bottom ring support  238 . The top ring support  231 , side support  235  and bottom ring support  238  form the frame mask. The interconnected components of the frame mask increase the frame mask&#39;s structural integrity. Other configurations of the frame mask or mask frame may also be useful. 
     When placed over the wafer frame assembly with the blank wafer, a first plasma etch process forms cuts along the dicing channels in a first direction. After the first plasma etch process, the wafer frame assembly or frame mask is rotated 90°. A second plasma etch process is performed to form cuts along the dicing channels in the second direction. The second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. The second etch process completes the singulation process. In one embodiment, the singulation process using the frame mask produces individual dies with smooth and straight sidewalls. The blank dies are economically produced with high throughput. For example, the blank dies are produced without the need of conventional pre-plasma and post-plasma dicing processes. In addition, the blank dies can be configured to have any size and shape. 
     The frame mask, in one embodiment, is formed of a rigid material. Preferably, the frame mask is formed of a similar or the same material as the frame lift frame of the plasma etch tool. Such a configuration produces consistency in thermal expansion. For example, a mismatch in thermal expansion is avoided. In one embodiment, the mask frame is formed with Aluminum (Al). Other types of rigid materials may also be employed. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   b   , another embodiment of the mask frame  202  is shown. The mask frame is similar to the mask frame of  FIG.  2   a   . Common elements may not be described or described in detail. 
     The frame mask, in one embodiment, is configured for a single-step plasma etch process for singulating a blank wafer into individual blank dies. For example, the single plasma etch process singulates the wafer into individual blank dies. The wafer frame is configured to enable plasma to pass through the frame mask to etch the wafer. In addition, the wafer frame assembly can accommodate blank wafers of different sizes as well as avoid the need to have the wafer perfectly aligned thereto. As such, further cost savings can be achieved due to wafer frame flexibility. 
     In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a mask frame  230 . The mask frame is configured to support mask segments  250  which are configured to define plasma dicing channels  260  in first and second orthogonal directions (x-direction and y-direction). In one embodiment, mask segments include first direction mask segments (e.g., x-direction)  250   x  and second direction mask segments  250   y  (e.g., y-direction), forming first direction dicing channels  260 , and second direction dicing channels  260   y . The mask segments, in one embodiment, are mask segment blocks corresponding to blank dies. For example, the mask segment blocks, after dicing, singulate the blank wafer into blank dies with a single plasma dicing process. The shape of the mask segment blocks corresponds to the shape of the blank dies. The mask segment blocks, for example, are suspended from the top ring support via segment supports  244 . 
     In one embodiment, a mask segment block includes a top segment surface  252 , a bottom segment surface  254  and side segment surfaces  255 . In one embodiment, the top segment surface is smaller than the bottom segment surface, resulting in slanted side segment surfaces. The slanted side segment surfaces facilitate the flow of plasma to the dicing channels for dicing the wafer. 
     When placed over the wafer frame assembly with the blank wafer, a plasma etch process forms cuts in the dicing channels exposed by the mask segment blocks. The etch process singulates the blank wafer into individual blank dies according to the shape of the segment blocks of the frame mask. In one embodiment, the singulation process using the frame mask produces individual dies with smooth and straight sidewalls. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   c   , a simplified 3-D view of frame mask  202  is shown. The mask frame, for example, is similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   a - 2   b   . Common elements may not be described or described in detail. 
     The frame mask includes a mask frame  230 . The mask frame, in one embodiment, includes a top frame or ring support  231 , side ring support  235  and a bottom ring support  238 . In one embodiment, mask segments  250  are provided. The mask segments  250  are attached or suspended from the top ring support by mask segment supports  244 . 
     In one embodiment, the mask segments are configured to define plasma dicing channels  260  along a first direction of the frame mask. The mask segments, for example, are elongated members along the first direction. The gaps between the adjacent members form the dicing channels. In one embodiment, the elongated members are rectangular-shaped elongated members. With rectangular-shaped members in the first direction, the frame mask is configured to form rectangular-shaped blank dies after first and second plasma dicing processes. In one embodiment, the frame mask or the frame support in the plasma chamber is rotated by 90° for the second plasma etch process. Forming other shaped dies may also be useful. For example, sides of the elongated segment members may have the desired shapes to form the desired shaped blank dies. Of course, the shapes formed by the elongated segment members may be limited to what shapes can be formed using two plasma etch processes with the same shaped elongated segment members. In such cases, the elongated members are not rectangular-shaped members. In one embodiment, a bottom surface of the mask segments is coated with a heat resistant layer  256 . For example, the bottom surface of the elongated members is coated with the heat resistant layer. The heat resistant layer, for example, may be a high temperature silicone rubber material layer. Other types of heat resistant layers may also be useful. The heat resistant layer is able to withstand the plasma chamber process conditions, including the high temperature of the process. 
     In other embodiments, the mask segments are configured to form blank dies of the desired shape using a single plasma dicing process. For example, the mask segments are mask segment blocks having the desired shape corresponding to the shape of the blank dies. Gaps between adjacent mask segment blocks define dicing channels in first and second orthogonal directions or generally along first and second directions. For example, in the case of rectangular shaped blank dies, the gaps between adjacent mask segment blocks define dicing channels along the first and second orthogonal directions. In the case that the dies are not rectangular-shaped, the gaps may define dicing channels which are generally along first and second orthogonal directions. In one embodiment, a bottom surface of the mask segments is coated with a heat resistant layer. For example, a bottom surface of the segment blocks is coated with the heat resistant layer. The heat resistant layer, for example, may be a high temperature silicone rubber material layer. Other types of heat resistant layers may also be useful. The heat resistant layer is able to withstand the plasma chamber process conditions, including the high process temperature. 
     The frame mask is configured for plasma to pass through to etch the wafer. In one embodiment, the mask frame is an opened mask frame which enables the plasma to pass through to define the blank dies on the blank wafer according to the mask segments. In one embodiment, the top support ring includes an outer top ring with ring support members  232  which form a grid pattern. Segment supports  244  are connected to the ring support members, supporting the mask segments. Side ring support members extend from the top support ring to the bottom support ring. For example, the top and bottom support rings are connected by the side ring support members. In one embodiment, the top ring is larger in diameter than the bottom ring to form slanted side supports. In one embodiment, to increase flow of plasma to the wafer, the mask segments are not connected to the bottom support ring. For example, a gap exists between the mask segments and the bottom ring support. Other configurations of the mask frame may also be useful. 
       FIGS.  3   a - 3   c    show simplified views illustrating plasma dicing of a wafer in a plasma etch chamber  300  of a plasma wafer dicing tool. The plasma dicing employs a frame mask  302 , such as those or similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   a - 2   c   , configured for the plasma dicing tool to serve as a plasma etch mask for singulating a wafer into individual blank dies. Common elements may not be described or described in detail. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   , the plasma etch chamber includes a frame lift assembly  380  and an Electrostatic Chuck (ESC)  370 . The frame lift assembly includes a lift frame  382 . The lift frame is configured with a wafer frame assembly holder  384 . The wafer frame assembly holder is configured to hold a wafer frame assembly  301  with a wafer attached thereto in position in the plasma etch chamber. A frame lift ring  386  is disposed on the top of the lift frame. As shown, the cross-sectional profile of the frame lift ring includes a slanted surface at the inner circumference thereof. For example, an upper portion of the frame lift ring includes the slanted sidewall surface while the lower portion of the frame lift ring includes a vertical sidewall surface. Other configurations of the inner sidewall surface of the frame lift ring may also be useful. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   a   , the frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above the ESC table. For example, the wafer frame is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   b   , a frame mask  302  is disposed onto the frame lift ring  386 . As shown, sides of the frame mask are configured to fit onto the slanted sidewall surface  387 . A bottom of the frame mask is disposed over the wafer on the wafer frame assembly. In particular, the mask segments of the frame mask sit over the wafer. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   c   , the frame lift assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing. In one embodiment, the wafer frame assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer frame assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing. 
       FIGS.  4   a - 4   b    show cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a plasma etch process  400  for dicing a wafer  410  on a wafer frame assembly  401  using a frame mask  402 . The wafer frame assembly with the wafer may be the same or similar to those described in  FIG.  1   b    and the frame mask may be the same or similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   a - 2   c   . As for the plasma wafer dicing process, it may employ a plasma chamber similar to that described in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   . Common components may not be described or described in detail. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   a   , a frame mask  402  is disposed over a wafer frame assembly  401  with a wafer  410 . The frame mask  402  includes a plurality of mask segments  450 . The mask segments include planar or substantially planar opposing top and bottom major surfaces  452  and  454  and side walls  455 . The top major surface has a smaller area than the bottom major surface, resulting in outwardly sloped profiles of the side walls  455 . The outwardly sloped profiles of the side walls facilitate plasma passing through the mask segments during processing. A cap layer  456  is disposed on the bottom major surface of the mask segments. For example, the cap layer is a heat resistant cap layer, such as a high temperature silicone rubber material layer. Other heat resistant cap layers may also be useful. 
     A mask frame supports the mask segments. In one embodiment, the mask segment includes a top ring support with ring support members  432 . The mask segments are suspended from the ring support members via segment supports  444 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   b   , plasma passes through the mask segments, as indicated by arrows. The slanted side walls of the mask segments facilitate plasma passing through to etch the wafer below, singulating it into individual blank dies. 
       FIG.  5    shows a simplified process flow of an embodiment of plasma dicing of a blank wafer attached on a wafer frame assembly using a frame mask. The wafer frame assembly is the same or similar to those described in  FIG.  1   b   . The frame mask is the same or similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   a  and  2   c   . As for the plasma dicing process, it may be similar to those described in  FIGS.  4   a - 4   b   , employing a plasma chamber similar to that described in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   . Common components may not be described or described in detail. 
     The plasma dicing process involves a two-step plasma singulation process for singulating a blank wafer into individual blank dies. For example, a first etch process is performed in a first plasma chamber to form first directional cuts (x-direction or y-direction) and a second etch process is performed in a second plasma chamber to form second directional cuts (y-direction or x-direction) to complete the plasma singulation process. The wafer frame is configured to enable plasma to pass through the frame mask to etch the wafer. 
     In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a mask frame. The mask frame is configured to support mask segments which define plasma dicing channels in the first or second direction. For example, the mask segments are elongated members separated by spaces defining the plasma dicing channels. The mask segments are elongated rectangular-shaped members. For example, the mask segments are configured to form rectangular-shaped blank dies. Forming other shaped blank dies may be achieved by tuning the shapes of the mask segments. 
     At  510 , the singulation process commences with providing a first frame mask positioned in a first plasma chamber and a second frame mask positioned in a second plasma chamber. For example, the first frame mask is fitted onto a frame lift ring of a frame lift assembly in the first plasma chamber, the second frame mask is fitted onto a frame lift ring of a frame lift assembly in the second plasma chamber. The first frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in the first direction, the second frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in the second direction. For example, the second frame mask is positioned orthogonal to the first frame mask. 
     At  520 , a wafer frame assembly with a blank wafer is placed over a wafer frame holder of a frame lift assembly in the first plasma chamber. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer ring is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  530 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing in the first direction. 
     Referring to  540 , the wafer frame assembly with the wafer plasma processed in the first direction is transferred and placed over a wafer frame holder of a frame lift assembly in the second plasma chamber. For example, the wafer frame assembly with the wafer is transferred and positioned with no rotation since the second frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in the second direction. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer ring is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  550 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing in the second direction. 
     At  560 , the two-step plasma dicing process completes after the singulation in the second direction. The etch process singulates the blank wafer into individual blank dies according to the shape of the segment blocks of the frame mask. In one embodiment, the singulation process using the frame mask produces individual dies with smooth and straight sidewalls. 
       FIG.  6    shows a simplified process flow of another embodiment of plasma dicing of a blank wafer using a frame mask. The wafer frame assembly is the same or similar to those described in  FIG.  1   b   . The frame mask is the same or similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   a  and  2   c   . As for the plasma dicing process, it may be similar to those described in  FIGS.  4   a - 4   b   , employing a plasma chamber similar to that described in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   . Common components may not be described or described in detail. 
     The plasma dicing process illustrated in  FIG.  6    also involves a two-step plasma singulation process for singulating a blank wafer into individual blank dies. However, it is different from the singulation process as illustrated in  FIG.  5    in that the two-step plasma singulation process is performed in the same plasma chamber via rotating the frame mask. For example, a first etch process is performed in a plasma chamber to form first directional cuts (x-direction or y-direction) and a second etch process in which the frame mask is rotated by 90° is performed in the same plasma chamber to form second directional cuts (y-direction or x-direction) to complete the plasma singulation process. The wafer frame is configured to enable plasma to pass through the frame mask to etch the wafer. 
     In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a mask frame. The mask frame is configured to support mask segments which defines plasma dicing channels in the first direction. For example, the mask segments are elongated members separated by spaces defining the plasma dicing channels. The mask segments are elongated rectangular-shaped members. For example, the mask segments are configured to form rectangular-shaped blank dies. Forming other shaped blank dies may be achieved by tuning the shapes of the mask segments. 
     At  610 , the singulation process commences with providing a frame mask positioned in a plasma chamber. For example, the frame mask is fitted onto a frame lift ring of a frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. The frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in the first direction. 
     At  620 , a wafer frame assembly with a blank wafer is placed over a wafer frame holder of a frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer ring is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  630 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing in the first direction. 
     Referring to  640 , the frame mask is repositioned onto the frame lift ring of the frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. For example, the frame mask is rotated by 90° to provide plasma dicing channels in the second direction. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer ring is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  650 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing in the second direction. 
     At  660 , the two-step plasma dicing process completes after the singulation in the second direction. The etch process singulates the blank wafer into individual blank dies according to the shape of the segment blocks of the frame mask. In one embodiment, the singulation process using the frame mask produces individual dies with smooth and straight sidewalls. 
       FIG.  7    shows a simplified process flow of another embodiment of plasma dicing of a blank wafer using a frame mask. The wafer frame assembly is the same or similar to those described in  FIG.  1   b   . The frame mask is the same or similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   a  and  2   c   . As for the plasma dicing process, it may be similar to those described in  FIGS.  4   a - 4   b   , employing a plasma chamber similar to that described in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   . Common components may not be described or described in detail. 
     The plasma dicing process illustrated in  FIG.  7    also involves a two-step plasma singulation process for singulating a blank wafer into individual blank dies. However, it is different from the singulation process as illustrated in  FIGS.  5  and  6    in that the two-step plasma singulation process is performed via rotating the wafer in the same plasma chamber. For example, a first etch process is performed in a plasma chamber to form first directional cuts (x-direction or y-direction) and a second etch process in which the wafer is rotated by 90° is performed in the same plasma chamber to form second directional cuts (y-direction or x-direction) to complete the plasma singulation process. The wafer frame is configured to enable plasma to pass through the frame mask to etch the wafer. 
     In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a mask frame. The mask frame is configured to support mask segments which defines plasma dicing channels in the first direction. For example, the mask segments are elongated members separated by spaces defining the plasma dicing channels. The mask segments are elongated rectangular-shaped members. For example, the mask segments are configured to form rectangular-shaped blank dies. Forming other shaped blank dies may be achieved by tuning the shapes of the mask segments. 
     At  710 , the singulation process commences with providing a frame mask positioned in a plasma chamber. For example, the frame mask is fitted onto a frame lift ring of a frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. The frame mask is configured to provide plasma dicing channels in the first direction. 
     At  720 , a wafer frame assembly with a blank wafer is placed over a wafer frame holder of the frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer ring is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  730 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing in the first direction. 
     Referring to  740 , the wafer frame assembly with wafer is rotated by 90° relative to the frame mask disposed over the wafer. As such, the frame mask defines plasma dicing channels in the second direction. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer frame is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  750 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing in the second direction. 
     At  760 , the two-step plasma dicing process completes after the singulation in the second direction. The etch process singulates the blank wafer into individual blank dies according to the shape of the segment blocks of the frame mask. In one embodiment, the singulation process using the frame mask produces individual dies with smooth and straight sidewalls. 
       FIG.  8    shows a simplified process flow of yet another embodiment of plasma dicing of a blank wafer using a frame mask. The wafer frame assembly is the same or similar to those described in  FIG.  1   b   . The frame mask is the same or similar to those described in  FIGS.  2   b  and  2   c   . As for the plasma dicing process, it may be similar to those described in  FIGS.  4   a - 4   b   , employing a plasma chamber similar to that described in  FIGS.  3   a - 3   c   . Common components may not be described or described in detail. 
     The plasma dicing process illustrated in  FIG.  8    involves a single-step plasma singulation process for singulating a blank wafer into individual blank dies. For example, the single plasma etch process singulates the wafer into individual blank dies. The wafer frame is configured to enable plasma to pass through the frame mask to etch the wafer. 
     In one embodiment, the frame mask includes a mask frame. The mask frame is configured to support mask segments which are configured to define plasma dicing channels in first and second orthogonal directions (x-direction and y-direction). In one embodiment, mask segments include first direction mask segments (e.g., x-direction) and second direction mask segments (e.g., y-direction), forming first direction dicing channels and second direction dicing channels. The mask segments produce mask segment blocks corresponding to blank dies. For example, the mask segment blocks, after dicing, singulates the blank wafer into blank dies. The shape of the mask segment blocks corresponds to the shape of the blank dies. 
     At  810 , the singulation process commences with providing a frame mask positioned in a plasma chamber. For example, the frame mask is fitted onto a frame lift ring of a frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. 
     At  820 , a wafer frame assembly with a blank wafer is placed over a wafer frame holder of the frame lift assembly in the plasma chamber. The frame lift assembly is configured to be in a non-etching position. For example, the frame lift assembly is in an elevated position. In the elevated position, the wafer frame assembly is disposed above an ESC table. For example, the wafer ring is not sitting on and held into position by the ESC table for plasma etching. 
     The lift frame assembly with the frame mask and wafer frame assembly with the wafer is lowered into position for plasma dicing, at  830 . In one embodiment, the wafer assembly is held into position by the ESC table when the wafer assembly is lowered into position for plasma dicing the wafer in position for plasma dicing. 
     The single-step plasma dicing process completes at  840 . The etch process singulates the blank wafer into individual blank dies according to the shape of the segment blocks of the frame mask. In one embodiment, the singulation process using the frame mask produces individual dies with smooth and straight sidewalls. 
     The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments, therefore, are to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting the invention described herein. Scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.