Patent Publication Number: US-10762738-B2

Title: Cash management system, cashier device, and cash management method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/JP2017/008354, filed Mar. 2, 2017, which claims the benefit of and priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-046236, filed Mar. 9, 2016, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a cash management system, a cashier device, and a cash management method. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Patent Document 1 describes a cash handling device shared by a plurality of shops. This cash handling device dispenses cash for use as change in a register of each shop (i.e., change funds). The register of the shop is previously registered with the cash handling device. A person in charge of each shop operates the cash handling device to request supply of change funds if necessary. Unless, when a request is made to replenish a register of a certain shop with change funds, the inventory number of a target denomination of banknotes or coins for replenishment in the cash handling device is nearly empty, the cash handling device dispenses, as change funds, banknotes or coins whose number meets the request. On the other hand, if the inventory number of the target denomination of banknotes or coins for replenishment in this device is nearly empty, the cash handling device dispenses, as change funds, banknotes or coins whose number is obtained by dividing the inventory number in this device by the number of the registered registers. Thus, this cash handling device can prevent all the cash in this device from being dispensed to a particular register when the inventory number in this device is low. As a result, the cash handling device can dispense change funds to as many registers as possible before being replenished with cash for change funds. 
     Patent Document 2 describes a cash management system including a plurality of point of sales (POS) terminals each provided with a cash settlement device capable of dispensing change. This cash management system includes a main POS terminal acquiring the inventory number of banknotes or coins in each of the cash settlement devices, and compares the inventory number with preset data on change funds, thereby calculating the shortage of change funds for the next business day. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Documents 
     Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 5200388 
     Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 5202403 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     As described also in Patent Document 1, in a cash management system including a plurality of registers and a plurality of cash settlement devices, when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in a cashier device that dispenses change funds is low, a need arises to appropriately dispense change funds to as many cash settlement devices as possible. 
     In this connection, when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device is low, the system described in Patent Document 1 described above dispenses banknotes or coins whose number is obtained by dividing the inventory number by the number of the registered registers (i.e., the cash settlement devices). This allows many cash settlement devices to be replenished with change funds. However, for example, some of the cash settlement devices do not have to be replenished, because a sufficient amount of change funds remain in each of the devices. In that case, evenly distributing the inventory number in the cashier device among the cash settlement devices as in the system described in Patent Document 1 prevents a sufficient amount of change funds from being allocated to a cash settlement device that needs to be replenished with change funds. 
     In view of the foregoing background, it is therefore an object of the present disclosure to provide a cash management system that, when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in a cashier device dispensing change funds is low, appropriately replenishes, with change funds, a cash settlement device that needs to be replenished. 
     Solution to the Problem 
     The present disclosure relates to a cash management system, including: a plurality of cash settlement devices corresponding to a plurality of registers, respectively, which store change funds, wherein the plurality of cash settlement devices are operable to dispense stored cash as at least change to be paid back to a customer; a cashier device operable to store sales proceeds of the plurality of registers, and when a request is made to supply the change funds on a denomination-by-denomination basis, operable to dispense a particular denomination of the cash stored in the cashier device; and a cash management device connected to the plurality of cash settlement devices and the cashier device to exchange a signal with each of the plurality of cash settlement devices and the cashier device, the cash management device controlling how the cashier device dispenses the cash. 
     A post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device is determined on a denomination-by-denomination basis, the post-replenishment inventory number serving as a standard for supplying the change funds, the cash management device acquires an inventory number of banknotes or coins as the change funds in each cash settlement device of the cash management system, and when a request is made to supply the change funds, calculates the total number of an associated denomination of banknotes or coins lacking in each cash settlement device of the cash management system relative to the post-replenishment inventory number, based on the inventory number of the denomination of the change funds associated with the request. 
     The cash management device further instructs the cashier device to, dispense the denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds for the cash settlement device associated with the request when the total number of a denomination of the banknotes or coins lacking is equal to or less than an inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the dispensed banknotes or coins being required to allow the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device to be equal to the post-replenishment inventory number, and instructs the cashier device to, dispense the denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds for the cash settlement device associated with the request when the total number of a denomination of the banknotes or coins lacking exceeds the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the number of the dispensed banknotes or coins being calculated according to a preset calculation formula. 
     According to this configuration, the cashier device of the cash management system stores sales proceeds of the registers in the cash management system, and dispenses the change funds with which the cash settlement devices are to be replenished. 
     The cash management device acquires the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in each cash settlement device of the cash management system. The timing at which the cash management device acquires the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device can be appropriately set. 
     For example, when a request is made to supply the change funds (specifically, when a person in charge operates the cashier device, for example, to request dispensing of money to supply change funds), the cash management device may acquire the inventory number of the change funds in each cash settlement device of the cash management system on a denomination-by-denomination basis. 
     The cash management device may acquire the inventory number of banknotes or coins as the change funds in each cash settlement device of the cash management system at regular intervals. 
     When acquiring the inventory numbers of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement devices of the cash management system, the cash management device may acquire the inventory numbers of each denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds in all of the cash settlement devices of the cash management system, or may acquire the inventory number(s) of each denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds in one or more of the cash settlement devices that may need to be replenished with change funds in the future. 
     When a request is made to supply change funds, the cash management device calculates the total number of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device of the cash management system, based on the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds. Also in this case, the cash management device may calculate the total number of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number in each of the cash settlement devices of the cash management system, or may calculate the total number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number in each of one or more of the cash settlement devices that may need to be replenished with change funds in the future. 
     This enables determination of how much change funds are lacking in all of the cash settlement devices of the cash management system. 
     When the total number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking is equal to or less than the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the cash management device determines that the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device is sufficiently left, and instructs the cashier device to dispense the denomination of banknotes or coins, the number of the dispensed banknotes or coins being required to allow the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in one of the cash settlement devices associated with the request to be equal to the preset post-replenishment inventory number. The cashier device dispenses the denomination of banknotes or coins. The number of the banknotes or coins is equal to the indicated number of banknotes or coins. The person in charge receives cash dispensed, and stores the denomination of cash in the corresponding cash settlement device. As a result, the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement device is equal to the post-replenishment inventory number. 
     On the other hand, when the total number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking exceeds the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the cash management device determines that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device is low, and limits the amount of cash to be dispensed. Specifically, the cash management device instructs the cashier device to dispense a denomination of banknotes or coins. The number of the denomination of the banknotes or coins is equal to the number of banknotes or coins calculated according to the preset calculation formula. The cashier device dispenses the denomination of banknotes or coins in the same way as described above. The number of the denomination of the banknotes or coins is equal to the indicated number of banknotes or coins. The person in charge receives cash dispensed, and stores the denomination of cash in the corresponding cash settlement device. As a result, the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement device is less than the post-replenishment inventory number. 
     According to this configuration, when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device is low, the amount of change funds dispensed is limited. This can prevent all the cash in the cashier device from being dispensed to a specific one of the cash settlement devices, and can prevent change funds from being unable to be dispensed to the other cash settlement devices. 
     Cash in the cashier device is dispensed as change funds not based on the preset nearly empty value but based on the inventory number of an associated denomination of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device of the cash management system as described above. This allows one or more of the cash settlement devices that need(s) to be replenished to be replenished with a sufficient amount of change funds. That is to say, the cash settlement device(s) that need(s) to be replenished can be appropriately replenished with change funds. 
     When the total number of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking exceeds the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the cash management device may be operable to perform an apportionment that apportions the inventory number of the banknotes or coins in the cashier device among one or more of the cash settlement devices in which change funds are lacking, according to a ratio of the number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking in the one or more of the cash settlement devices to the total number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking, and the cash management device may instruct the cashier device to dispense the apportioned number of the denomination of banknotes or coins. 
     Thus, when dispensing of change funds from the cashier device is limited, the inventory number of a denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device is apportioned among the cash settlement devices according to the ratios of the numbers of the denomination of banknotes/coins lacking in the cash settlement devices to the total number of the denomination of banknotes/coins lacking in all of the cash settlement devices of the cash management system. This allows an appropriate number of the denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds to be dispensed to one of the cash settlement devices that needs to be replenished with change funds. 
     Every time the cashier device dispenses the change funds to any one of the cash settlement devices, the cash management device may perform the apportionment. 
     This allows the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device to be appropriately apportioned at a timing at which the cashier device dispenses change funds. 
     Here, the post-replenishment inventory numbers of banknotes or coins as change funds in the registers and the cash settlement devices in the cash management system may be set to be equal to one another. The frequency at which change funds are used may vary according to the installation sites of the registers (i.e., the difference among counters or the difference among shops). In this case, it is recommended that a cash settlement device that uses change with a high frequency be replenished with a large amount of change funds. 
     To satisfy the need, a priority order of the plurality of cash settlement devices may be previously determined according to the respective corresponding registers, and the cash management device may apportion the inventory number of the banknotes or coins in the cashier device in accordance with the priority order. 
     This allows a cash settlement device with higher priority to be replenished with a relatively large amount of change funds. 
     The post-replenishment inventory numbers of banknotes or coins in the plurality of cash settlement devices may be determined in accordance with the priority order so that the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in one of the plurality of cash settlement devices with higher priority is higher, and the cash management device may calculate a total number of each denomination of banknotes or coins lacking, based on the post-replenishment inventory number determined in accordance with the priority order, and may apportion the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device as cash for supplying the denomination of the banknotes or coins lacking. 
     This increases the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device with higher priority. Thus, the number of banknotes or coins lacking tends to be relatively high, and the number of banknotes or coins apportioned to the cash settlement device with higher priority also tends to be high. This allows a relatively large amount of change funds to be apportioned to a cash settlement device with higher priority, which can be replenished with the change funds. 
     When an amount of the change funds in a respective cash settlement device is smaller than a preset reference amount, the respective cash settlement device may determine that the amount of the change funds is insufficient, and when a request is made to supply the change funds, the cash management device may calculate the total number of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number in the respective cash settlement device in which the change funds are lacking. 
     Thus, a cash settlement device in which the inventory number of a concerned denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds is high and which may not have to be replenished with change funds is excluded from targets in which the number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking as change funds is to be calculated. Thus, in view of the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in only a cash settlement device that may need to be replenished with change funds, the cash management system limits dispensing of money from the cashier device, and replenishes, with change funds, a cash settlement device associated with the request. As a result, a cash settlement device associated with the request can be appropriately replenished with change funds. 
     The present disclosure relates to a cashier device of a cash management system. The cash management system includes a plurality of registers, a plurality of cash settlement devices corresponding to a plurality of registers, respectively, and storing change funds, the plurality of cash settlement devices dispensing stored cash as at least change to be paid back to a customer, and a cashier device storing sales proceeds of the registers, the cashier device dispensing the cash stored in the cashier device when a request is made to replenish the plurality of registers with the change funds. 
     A post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device is determined on a denomination-by-denomination basis, the post-replenishment inventory number serving as a standard for replenishing the cash settlement device with the change funds. The cashier device includes: an inventory number acquirer operable to acquire an inventory number of banknotes or coins as the change funds in the cash settlement device of the cash management system; a number-of-lacking-banknote/coin calculator operable to calculate a total number of a denomination, associated with the request, of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number in each cash settlement device of the cash management system, based on the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds, when a request is made to replenish the cash settlement device with the change funds, the inventory number being acquired by the inventory number acquirer; and a dispenser operable to dispense a particular denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds to one of the cash settlement devices associated with the request when the total number, calculated by the number-of-lacking-banknote/coin calculator, of the particular denomination of banknotes or coins lacking is equal to or less than an inventory number of the particular denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the number of the dispensed banknotes or coins being required to allow the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device to reach the post-replenishment inventory number, the dispenser operable to dispense the particular denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds to one of the cash settlement devices associated with the request when the total number of the particular denomination of banknotes or coins lacking exceeds the inventory number of the particular denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, the number of the dispensed banknotes or coins being calculated according to a preset calculation formula. 
     The present disclosure further relates to a cash management method for a cash management system. The cash management system includes: a plurality of cash settlement devices provided to correspond to a plurality of registers, respectively, which store change funds, the plurality of cash settlement devices dispensing stored cash as at least change to be paid back to a customer; a cashier device storing sales proceeds of the registers, and when a request is made to supply the change funds on a denomination-by-denomination basis, dispensing a particular denomination of the cash stored in the cashier device; and a cash management device connected to the plurality of cash settlement devices and the cashier device to exchange a signal with each of the plurality of cash settlement devices and the cashier device, the cash management device controlling how the cashier device dispenses the cash. 
     A post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device is determined on a denomination-by-denomination basis, the post-replenishment inventory number serving as a standard for supplying the change funds. The method includes: allowing the cash management device to acquire the inventory number of banknotes or coins as the change funds in each cash settlement device of the cash management system, and to, when a request is made to replenish one of the plurality of cash settlement devices with the change funds, calculate a total number of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number in each cash settlement device of the cash management system, based on the inventory number of the denomination, associated with the request, of banknotes or coins as the change funds; when the total number of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking is equal to or less than an inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, allowing the cash management device to instruct the cashier device to dispense the denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds to one of the cash settlement devices associated with the request, the number of the dispensed banknotes or coins being required to allow the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the one of the cash settlement devices to reach the post-replenishment inventory number; and when the total number of the denomination of banknotes or coins lacking exceeds the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device, allowing the cash management device to instruct the cashier device to dispense the denomination of banknotes or coins as the change funds to the one of the cash settlement device associated with the request, the number of the dispensed banknotes or coins being calculated according to a preset calculation formula. 
     Advantages of the Invention 
     As described above, according to the cash management system, the cashier device, and the cash management method, when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device that dispenses change funds is low, a cash settlement device that needs to be replenished can be appropriately replenished with change funds. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a general configuration of a cash management system. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a register. 
         FIG. 3  is a conceptual diagram showing an internal structure of a banknote settlement machine. 
         FIG. 4  is a conceptual diagram showing an internal structure of a coin settlement machine. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a cash settlement device. 
         FIG. 6  is a conceptual diagram showing an internal structure of a banknote cashier machine. A left portion of  FIG. 6  shows a state where a banknote receiving unit is fitted to the banknote cashier machine, and a right portion of  FIG. 6  shows a state where a cash transport cassette is fitted to the banknote cashier machine. 
         FIG. 7A  is a conceptual diagram of an internal structure of a coin cashier machine as viewed from the side. 
         FIG. 7B  is a conceptual diagram of the internal structure of the coin cashier machine as viewed from the front. 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a cashier device. 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a cash management device. 
         FIG. 10  is a table for exemplifying how change funds are apportioned when supplied (a first apportionment example). 
         FIG. 11  is a table for exemplifying how change funds are apportioned when supplied (a second apportionment example). 
         FIG. 12  is a table for exemplifying how change funds are apportioned when supplied (a third apportionment example). 
         FIG. 13  is a table for exemplifying how change funds are apportioned when supplied (a fourth apportionment example). 
         FIG. 14  is a table for exemplifying how change funds are apportioned when supplied (a fifth apportionment example). 
         FIG. 15  is a flowchart of control executed by the cash management device when a request is made to supply change funds. 
         FIG. 16  exemplifies a setting screen relating to dispensing of change funds performed while the cashier device is offline. 
         FIG. 17  is a flowchart showing how the cashier device is controlled while offline. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     A cash management system, a cashier device, and a cash management method according to the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the following description is illustrative. 
     (Configuration of Cash Management System) 
       FIG. 1  shows a general configuration of a cash management system. A cash management system  1  is a system built for shops of retailers in a department store or a supermarket, for example. The cash management system  1  includes at least one checkout counter  10  and a back office  11 . The at least one checkout counter  10  is provided in a checkout area of a shop. A salesclerk deposits and dispenses cash exchanged between the salesclerk and a customer into and from the checkout counter  10 . The cash management system  1  shown in  FIG. 1  includes a plurality of checkout counters  10 . The back office  11  manages cash in each checkout counter  10  and commercial products. The cash management system  1  is configured to transport cash between the checkout counter  10  and the back office  11  using a cash transport cassette  30  (see  FIG. 3  and other figures). Note that the cash transport cassette  30  may be replaced with a tray, a bag, a box, or any other suitable object for cash transport. 
     Each checkout counter  10  is provided with a cash settlement device  2  and a settlement system including a register  40 . The cash settlement device  2  settles accounts with a customer if cash is deposited and dispensed thereinto and therefrom. The register  40  is communicably connected to the cash settlement device  2  via a communication line (for example, a local area network (LAN))  12 , and registers commercial products purchased by the customer. The register  40  is, for example, a POS register operated by a salesclerk. 
     The cash settlement device  2  is operated by a salesclerk (or a customer himself or herself) and used for a settlement process between a shop and a customer. For example, the cash settlement device  2  accepts money paid by a customer or dispenses change to the customer. The money paid by the customer may be placed in a drawer and managed by the salesclerk, and the cash settlement device  2  may merely dispense the change to be paid to the customer. In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , the cash settlement device  2  includes a banknote settlement machine  2   a  accepting and dispensing banknotes, a coin settlement machine  2   b  accepting and dispensing coins, and a control box  2   c  controlling the banknote settlement machine  2   a  and the coin settlement machine  2   b.    
     The back office  11  includes a cashier device  5 , a cash management device  6 , and a POS management device  7 . The cashier device  5 , the cash management device  6 , the POS management device  7 , the registers  40 , and the cash settlement devices  2  are communicably connected together via the communication line  12 . 
     The cashier device  5  dispenses change funds with which the cash settlement devices  2  are to be replenished, and accepts sales proceeds collected from the cash settlement devices  2 . In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , the cashier device  5  includes a banknote cashier machine  5   a  accepting and dispensing banknotes, and a coin cashier machine  5   b  accepting and dispensing coins. 
     The cash management device  6  manages cash stored in the cash settlement devices  2  and the cashier device  5 . For example, the cash management device  6  manages cash left in each of the cash settlement devices  2  after settlements and cash exchanged between the cash settlement devices  2  and the cashier device  5 . The cash management device  6  further controls how the cashier device  5  dispenses money. Although described below in detail, in the cash management system  1  according to the present disclosure, the cash management device  6  is configured to, when a request is made to replenish one of the cash settlement devices  2  with change funds, be able to appropriately dispense change funds into the cash settlement device  2  associated with the request. 
     The POS management device  7  is communicably connected to the registers  40  via the communication line  12  to manage the flow of commercial products and the sales of the shop. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3, 4, 6, 7A, 7B , and other figures, the cash transport cassette  30  is configured to be attachable and detachable to/from the cash settlement devices  2  and the cashier device  5 , and can exchange cash with the associated cash settlement device  2  or the cashier device  5  when fitted to the cash settlement device  2  or the cashier device  5 . On the other hand, the cash transport cassette  30  that has been detached from the cash settlement devices  2  and the cashier device  5  stores therein cash so that the cash cannot be removed. A salesclerk transports cash between the cash settlement devices  2  and the cashier device  5  using the cash transport cassette  30 . For example, to replenish a cash settlement device  2  with change funds or to collect sales proceeds, the salesclerk transports cash between the cash settlement device  2  and the cashier device  5  using the cash transport cassette  30 . The salesclerk cannot touch the cash in the cash transport cassette  30  during transportation of the cash. Thus, the cash can be securely transported. 
     The cash transport cassette  30  may be configured to carry either banknotes or coins, or may be configured to be capable of carrying both of the banknotes and the coins. The cash transport cassette  30  for banknotes may be a stack-type cassette for storing banknotes stacked or a tape reel cassette for reeling a plurality of tapes together with banknotes with one of the banknotes interposed between each adjacent pair of the tapes. The cash transport cassette  30  for coins may be a cassette for storing different denominations of coins. 
     Components forming the cash management system  1  will now be individually described. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a register  40 . The register  40  includes a display  402 , a keyboard  404 , a printer  406 , a reader  408 , a communication unit  410 , a controller  412 , and a memory  414 . The display  402  displays various types of information. The keyboard  404  accepts manual input of various types of information and instructions from a salesclerk. The printer  406  outputs a receipt having transaction contents printed. The reader  408  reads product information. The communication unit  410  communicates with the associated cash settlement device  2  and the POS management device  7 . 
     The memory  414  includes a read only memory (ROM) or a hard disk drive (HDD) storing data and various programs that control the register  40 , and a random access memory (RAM) serving as an area where a program is loaded or a work area during the execution of a program. The memory  414  stores a table including a combination of information on commercial products and the prices of the commercial products. 
     The controller  412  is an arithmetic processing unit configured to execute a program in the memory  414  to control the entire register  40 . The controller  412  uses the product information read by the reader  408  to retrieve information from the table in the memory  414 , thereby obtaining the prices of commercial products and calculating the sum of the prices of commercial products purchased by a customer. 
     The controller  412  can transmit the sum of the prices of the purchased commercial products and the manually input information accepted by the keyboard  404  to the cash settlement device  2  via the communication unit  410 . The controller  412  can further transmit information on the commercial products purchased by the customer to the POS management device  7  via the communication unit  410 . 
       FIG. 3  is a conceptual diagram showing the internal structure of the banknote settlement machine  2   a  forming part of the cash settlement device  2 . The banknote settlement machine  2   a  includes an inlet cover  211   a . When depositing money, a salesclerk (or a customer) opens the inlet cover  211   a  to place one or more banknotes into an inlet  210   a . The inlet  210   a  is configured to feed the placed banknote(s) one by one to a transport unit  230   a . The transport unit  230   a  is configured to pass the fed banknote through a recognition unit  240   a  and then to transport the banknote to a storage unit  250   a , the cash transport cassette  30 , or an outlet  220   a . The recognition unit  240   a  determines the denomination, authentication, fitness, series, number, and other features of the banknote being transported. The transport unit  230   a  allows the banknotes to be stored in the storage unit  250   a  on a denomination-by-denomination basis, based on what the recognition unit  240   a  determines. 
     To dispense banknotes, the storage unit  250   a  is configured to feed banknotes one by one to the transport unit  230   a . The transport unit  230   a  transports the fed banknotes to the outlet  220   a . The banknote settlement machine  2   a  includes an outlet shutter  221   a . When money is dispensed, the outlet shutter  221   a  is opened to dispense one or more banknotes. 
     As can be seen, the banknote settlement machine  2   a  can store, in the storage unit  250   a , the banknotes placed into the inlet  210   a , and can dispense the banknotes stored in the storage unit  250   a  to the outlet  220   a . That is to say, the banknote settlement machine  2   a  is configured to be able to reuse the deposited banknotes as banknotes to be dispensed. 
     The banknote settlement machine  2   a  is provided with a cassette fitting portion  260   a  into which the cash transport cassette  30  is detachably fitted. If the cash transport cassette  30  is fitted into the cassette fitting portion  260   a , the banknote settlement machine  2   a  can load banknotes from the cash transport cassette  30  into the storage unit  250   a , or collect banknotes from the storage unit  250   a  to transfer the collected banknotes to the cash transport cassette  30 . If banknotes are loaded into the banknote settlement machine  2   a  (for example, if, as described below, the banknote settlement machine  2   a  is replenished with change funds), the cash transport cassette  30  feeds the banknotes one by one to the transport unit  230   a . The transport unit  230   a  loads the fed banknotes into the storage unit  250   a . If banknotes are collected from the banknote settlement machine  2   a , the storage unit  250   a  feeds the banknotes one by one to the transport unit  230   a . The transport unit  230   a  feeds the fed banknotes to the cash transport cassette  30  to collect these banknotes. 
     As can be seen, the banknote settlement machine  2   a  is configured to be able to load and collect banknotes using the cash transport cassette  30 . 
       FIG. 4  is a conceptual diagram showing the internal structure of the coin settlement machine  2   b  forming part of the cash settlement device  2 . A left portion of  FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of the coin settlement machine  2   b  as viewed from the side, and a right portion of  FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of the coin settlement machine  2   b  as viewed from the front. In the right portion of  FIG. 4 , a cash transport cassette  30  and a feeder  237   b  are not illustrated, and storage units  250   b  are illustrated. 
     The coin settlement machine  2   b  includes an inlet  210   b , and a salesclerk (or a customer) drops coins into the inlet  210   b  when depositing money. At this time, a plurality of denominations of coins may be dropped in a mixed state. A disc-shaped feeder  233   b  is configured to feed the coins dropped into the inlet  210   b  one by one to a transport unit  230   b . The transport unit  230   b  passes the fed coins through a recognition unit  240   b  and then transports the coins to one of the storage units  250   b , the cash transport cassette  30 , or an outlet  220   b . The recognition unit  240   b  determines the denomination, authentication, fitness, series, number, and other features of the coin being transported. The transport unit  230   b  sorts coins by denomination based on what the recognition unit  240   b  determines, and allows the coins to be each stored in one of the storage units  250   b  for an associated one of denominations. 
     To dispense coins, the storage units  250   b  are each configured to feed coins one by one to a transport unit  231   b . The storage units  250   b  store cash by denomination, and each include a disc-shaped feeder  253   b . The feeder  253   b  is configured to feed coins one by one to the transport unit  231   b . The transport unit  231   b  transports the fed coins to the outlet  220   b . As a result, the coin settlement machine  2   b  dispenses the coins to the outlet  220   b.    
     As can be seen, the coin settlement machine  2   b  can store the coins dropped into the inlet  210   b  in the associated storage units  250   b , and can dispense the coins stored in the storage unit  250   b  to the outlet  220   a . That is to say, the coin settlement machine  2   b  is configured to be able to reuse the deposited coins as coins to be dispensed. 
     If the cash transport cassette  30  is fitted into the cassette fitting portion  260   b , the coin settlement machine  2   b  can load coins from the cash transport cassette  30  into the associated storage units  250   b , or collect coins from any one of the storage units  250   a  to feed the collected coins to the cash transport cassette  30   b . If coins are loaded into the coin settlement machine  2   b  (for example, if, as described below, the coin settlement machine  2   b  is replenished with change funds), the cash transport cassette  30  dispenses the coins to the feeder  237   b  shown in the left portion of  FIG. 4 . At this time, the cash transport cassette  30  may dispense different denominations of coins to the feeder  237   b . The feeder  237   b  feeds the coins to the transport unit  231   b . The transport unit  231   b  transports the fed coins to the feeder  233   b , which feeds the coins one by one to the transport unit  230   b . The transport unit  230   b  is configured to pass the fed coins through the recognition unit  240   b  and then to transport the coins to the associated storage units  250   b  or the outlet  220   b . The recognition unit  240   b  determines the denominations of the coins being transported. The transport unit  230   b  allows coins to be stored in the storage units  250   b  on a denomination-by-denomination basis, based on what the recognition unit  240   b  determines. 
     If coins are collected from the coin settlement machine  2   b , the coin settlement machine  2   b  feeds coins one by one from the storage units  250   b  to the transport unit  231   b . The transport unit  231   b  feeds the fed coins to the cash transport cassette  30  to collect these coins. 
     As can be seen, the coin settlement machine  2   b  is configured to be able to load and collect coins using the cash transport cassette  30 . 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing a configuration of each cash settlement device  2  including the banknote settlement machine  2   a , the coin settlement machine  2   b , and the control box  2   c  described above. The reference characters without “a” and “b” are used to represent components common between the banknote settlement machine  2   a  and the coin settlement machine  2   b . This block diagram mainly shows components related to control on replenishment of the cash settlement device  2  with change funds, which will be described below, as components of the cash settlement device  2 . 
     The cash settlement device  2  further includes a memory  270 , a communication unit  280 , and a controller  290  in addition to the inlets  210 , the outlets  220 , the transport units  230 , the recognition units  240 , the storage units  250 , and the cassette fitting portions  260  described above. 
     The memory  270  includes a ROM or an HDD storing data and various programs that control the cash settlement device  2 , and a RAM serving as an area where a program is loaded or a work area during the execution of a program. The memory  270  further stores information on cash stored in each of the storage units  250  and the cash transport cassettes  30  (such as denominations and quantity). Furthermore, the memory  270  may store the quantity of each denomination of cash determined by an associated one of the recognition units  240 . 
     The communication unit  280  is communicably connected to the other devices forming part of the cash management system  1  (the cashier device  5 , the cash management device  6 , and the POS management device  7 ) and the register  40 . 
     The controller  290  is an arithmetic processing unit configured to execute a program in the memory  270  to control the entire cash settlement device  2 . 
     The controller  290  calculates the amount of cash placed into each inlet  210  based on the results obtained by the recognition unit  240  determining banknotes or coins and counting banknotes or coins. The controller  290  receives, from the register  40 , information manually entered into the register  40  and corresponding to at least one part of a deposit from a customer (hereinafter referred to as manually input information) via the communication unit  280 , and calculates the total amount of the deposit from the customer. 
     Furthermore, the controller  290  receives the total price of commercial products purchased by the customer from the register  40  via the communication unit  280 , and calculates the amount of change by subtracting the total price of the purchased commercial products from the total amount of the deposit from the customer. Then, the controller  290  controls components of the cash settlement device  2  to dispense the calculated amount of the change. 
     The controller  290  can output, to the cash management device  6 , the calculated amount of cash placed and manually input information received from the register  40  with the calculated amount of cash and the information distinguished from each other. Thus, the cash management apparatus  6  can manage the amount of cash actually stored in the cash settlement device  2  and the amount of cash (for example, rejected cash) which is not stored in the cash settlement device  2  but has been deposited, with these amounts distinguished from each other. 
     The controller  290  can output, to the cash management device  6 , information on the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement device  2  on a denomination-by-denomination basis. The controller  290  may determine whether or not the inventory number of each denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds is equal to or less than a preset nearly empty value, and may also output information on this determination to the cash management device  6 . 
       FIG. 6  is a conceptual diagram showing the internal structure of the banknote cashier machine  5   a  forming part of the cashier device  5 . A left portion of  FIG. 6  shows a state where a banknote receiving unit  511   a  is fitted into an inlet  510   a , and a right portion of  FIG. 6  shows a state where a cash transport cassette  30  is fitted into the inlet  510   a.    
     As shown in the left portion of  FIG. 6 , the banknote receiving unit  511   a  is detachably fitted into the inlet  510   a  of the banknote cashier machine  5   a . The banknote receiving unit  511   a  is configured to receive banknotes from the outside of the banknote cashier machine  5   a  and feed the banknotes one by one to the transport unit  530   a  while being fitted into the inlet  510   a . The banknote receiving unit  511   a  is used if a salesclerk manually deposits banknotes into the banknote cashier machine  5   a.    
     As shown in the right portion of  FIG. 6 , instead of the banknote receiving unit  511   a , the cash transport cassette  30  may be fitted into the inlet  510   a . If the cash transport cassette  30  is fitted, banknotes are fed one by one from the cash transport cassette  30  to the transport unit  530   a . Note that banknotes may be stored in the cash transport cassette  30  fitted into the inlet  510   a  as described below. 
     The transport unit  530   a  is configured to pass the fed banknotes through the recognition unit  540   a  and then to transport the banknotes to associated storage units  550   a , a collector  560   a , an external reject unit  5100 , or an internal reject unit  5110 . 
     The recognition unit  540   a  determines the denomination, authentication, fitness, series, number, and other features of the banknote being transported. The transport unit  530   a  allows the banknotes to be stored in the storage units  550   a  on a denomination-by-denomination basis, based on what the recognition unit  540   a  determines. 
     To dispense banknotes, the storage units  550   a  are each configured to feed the stored banknotes one by one to the transport unit  530   a . The transport unit  530   a  transports the fed banknotes to the outlet  520   a , the cash transport cassette  30  fitted into the inlet  510   a , or the collector  560   a . The banknotes to be dispensed from the banknote cashier machine  5   a  are sent to the outlet  520   a  or the cash transport cassette  30  as change funds that will be described below. 
     The collector  560   a  is used to collect the banknotes stored in the storage units  550   a . A banknote storage bag (not shown) for storing banknotes is detachably fitted to the collector  560   a . The banknotes sent from the storage units  550   a  to the collector  560   a  via the transport unit  530   a  are stored in the banknote storage bag. A denomination of banknotes that are not assigned to any one of the storage units  550   a  and overflow banknotes that cannot be stored in one of the storage units  550   a  for the corresponding denomination of banknotes due to fullness of the one of the storage units  550   a  are also stored in the banknote storage bag of the collector  560   a . Removing the banknote storage bag from the collector  560   a  allows the banknotes to be collected from the banknote cashier machine  5   a  together with the banknote storage bag. 
     A banknote that has been determined by the recognition unit  540   a  to be abnormal is sent, as a rejected banknote, to the external reject unit  5100 . On the other hand, a rejected banknote that cannot be dispensed to the outside of the banknote cashier machine  5   a  is sent to the internal reject unit  5110 , which stores the rejected banknote. Only an operator having administrative authority can access banknotes in the internal reject unit  5110 . 
     As can be seen, the banknote cashier machine  5   a  can store, in the storage units  550   a , banknotes placed into the inlet  510   a , and can dispense the banknotes stored in the storage units  550   a  to the outlet  520   a  or load the banknotes into the cash transport cassette  30 . That is to say, the banknote cashier machine  5   a  is configured to be able to reuse the deposited banknotes as banknotes to be dispensed. 
     When the proceeds from sales of each register  40  are deposited into the banknote cashier machine  5   a , banknotes are sent into the banknote cashier machine  5   a  through the banknote receiving unit  511   a  or the cash transport cassette  30  as described above. The sent banknotes are stored in the storage units  550   a . On the other hand, when change funds are dispensed, the banknotes fed from the storage units  550   a  are dispensed to the outlet  520   a  or loaded into the cash transport cassette  30 . 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  are conceptual diagrams showing the internal structure of the coin cashier machine  5   b  forming part of the cashier device  5 .  FIG. 7A  illustrates the internal configuration of the coin cashier machine  5   b  as viewed from the side, and  FIG. 7B  shows the internal configuration of the coin cashier machine  5   b  as viewed from the front. 
     The coin cashier machine  5   b  includes an inlet  510   b . Coins to be deposited into the coin cashier machine  5   b  are dropped into the inlet  510   b . At this time, a plurality of denominations of coins may be dropped in a mixed state. A disc-shaped feeder  533   b  is configured to feed the coins dropped into the inlet  510   b  one by one to a transport unit  530   b.    
     The transport unit  530   b  passes coins through a recognition unit  540   b  and then transports the coins to temporary storage units  560   b , a reject unit  501 , or an overflow box  502 . The recognition unit  540   b  determines the denominations, authentication, fitness, series, number, and other features of the coins being transported. The transport unit  530   b  sorts the coins by denomination and allows the coins to be stored in one of the temporary storage units  560   b  for the corresponding denomination. 
     A plurality of storage units  550   b  are provided below the temporary storage units  560   b . The temporary storage units  560   b  each send the corresponding denomination of coins stored to a return box  503  or each send the corresponding denomination of coins stored to an associated one of the storage units  550   b  through an associated chute. The return box  503  is configured to be capable of being pulled out to the outside of the coin cashier machine  5   b . The coins sent to the return box  503  are returned by being pulled out to the outside of the coin cashier machine  5   b.    
     The storage units  550   b  each store an associated denomination of coins. To dispense coins, the storage units  550   b  each include a disc-shaped feeder  553   b . The feeder  553   b  is configured to feed coins one by one. 
     A collection box (outlet)  520   b  is provided below the storage units  550   b . The cash transport cassettes  30  are detachably provided in the collection box  520   b . The storage units  550   b  are respectively connected to the cash transport cassettes  30  through individual chutes. The coins fed from each storage unit  550   b  are stored in an associated one of the cash transport cassettes  30  placed in the collection box  520   b  while being sorted by denomination. The collection box  520   b  is configured to be capable of being pulled forward of the coin cashier machine  5   b  from a lower portion of the front surface of the coin cashier machine  5   b.    
     As can be seen, the coin cashier machine  5   b  can store, in the storage units  550   b , the coins dropped into the inlet  510   b , and can dispense the coins stored in the storage units  550   b  to the associated cash transport cassettes  30 . That is to say, the coin cashier machine  5   b  is configured to be able to reuse the deposited coins as coins to be dispensed. 
     When the proceeds from sales of each register  40  are deposited into the coin cashier machine  5   b , coins are dropped into the inlet  510   b , and the dropped coins are stored in the storage units  550   b , as described above. On the other hand, when change funds are dispensed, coins fed from the storage units  550   b  are dispensed to the cash transport cassette  30  attached to the collection box  520   b.    
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the cashier device  5 . The reference characters without “a” and “b” are used to represent components common between the banknote cashier machine  5   a  and the coin cashier machine  5   b . This block diagram mainly shows components related to control on replenishment of the cash settlement device  2  with change funds, which will be described below, as components of the cashier device  5 . 
     The cashier device  5  further includes a memory  570 , a communication unit  580 , a controller  590 , an operation unit  591 , and a display  592  in addition to the inlets  510 , the outlets (or the collection box)  520 , the transport units  530 , the recognition units  540 , and the storage units  550  described above. 
     The memory  570  includes a ROM or an HDD storing data and various programs that control the cashier device  5 , and a RAM serving as an area where a program is loaded or a work area during the execution of a program. The memory  570  further stores information on cash stored in each of the storage units  550  and the cash transport cassettes  30  (such as denominations and quantity). Furthermore, the memory  570  may store the quantity of each denomination of cash determined by an associated one of the recognition units  540 . 
     The communication unit  580  is communicably connected to the other devices forming part of the cash management system  1  (the cash settlement devices  2 , the cash management device  6 , and the POS management device  7 ). 
     The controller  590  is an arithmetic processing unit configured to execute a program in the memory  570  to control the entire cashier device  5 . 
     The controller  590  calculates the amount of cash placed into each inlet  510  based on the results obtained by the recognition unit  540  determining banknotes or coins and counting banknotes or coins. 
     Although described below in detail, the controller  590  can output, to the cash management device  6 , information on the internal inventory number of banknotes or coins that can be dispensed as change funds when receiving a request to supply change funds. 
     As described below in detail, the controller  590  dispenses banknotes and/or coins serving as change funds in accordance with instructions from the cash management device  6  when receiving a request to supply change funds. 
     As described below in detail, a person in charge of a shop, for example, operates the operation unit  591  when making a request to supply change funds. Although not shown in detail, the operation unit  591  includes an authentication unit (such as a card reader) for authenticating a person who operates the cashier device  5 . The operation unit  591  further includes a hardware keyboard through which an input operation is performed. The display  592  may be configured as a touch panel display  592  without providing the hardware keyboard, and the operation unit  591  and the display  592  may be integrated together. 
     The display  592  displays various types of information for an operator who operates the cashier device  5 . 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the cash management device  6 . The cash management device  6  includes a display  602 , an operation unit  604 , a communication unit  610 , a controller  612 , and a memory  614 . The display  602  displays various types of information. The operation unit  604  includes a keyboard and a pointing device, and is used by a person in charge to perform various operations. The communication unit  610  communicates with the cash settlement devices  2 , the cashier device  5 , and the POS management device  7 . 
     The memory  614  includes a ROM or an HDD storing data and various programs that control the cash management device  6 , and a RAM serving as an area where a program is loaded or a work area during the execution of a program. Furthermore, as described below, the memory  614  stores information on the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2 . The information serves as a standard referred to when the cash settlement device  2  is replenished with change funds. The post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins corresponds to the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement device  2  that has been replenished with change funds. Note that each cash settlement device  2  may store information on the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in the memory  270 , and the controller  290  of the cash settlement device  2  may output information on the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins to the cash management device  6 . 
     The controller  612  is an arithmetic processing unit configured to execute a program in the memory  614  to control the entire cash management device  6 . The controller  612  manages the inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1  and the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  on a denomination-by-denomination basis. These inventory numbers have been acquired through the communication line  12  and the communication unit  610 . 
     (Description of Process for Supplying Change Funds) 
     A process for supplying change funds in the cash management system  1  will now be described in detail. First, principal steps of the process for supplying change funds will now be described. If the amount of change funds stored in a cash settlement device  2  is small during the business hours of the shop, the cash settlement device  2  needs to be replenished with change funds. The reference inventory number of each denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds (a nearly empty value) may be determined in advance. When the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds decreases to the nearly empty value, the cash settlement device  2  may inform a person in charge that the cash settlement device  2  needs to be replenished with change funds. 
     The person in charge operates the cashier device  5  in the back office  11  to supply change funds. Specifically, the person in charge first uses the cashier device to perform an authentication operation using, for example, an ID card. In response to the authentication operation, the cashier device  5  determines whether or not the operator has authority concerning an operation for supplying change funds, and determines one of the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1  to be replenished with change funds. The person in charge may perform an operation to designate one of the cash settlement devices  2  to be replenished with change funds. 
     The cash management device  6  controls how the cashier device  5  dispenses change funds. If, after completion of the authentication process, the person in charge operates the cashier device  5  to make a request to supply change funds, the cashier device  5  transmits a signal indicating the request via the communication line  12  to the cash management apparatus  6 . 
     The cash management device  6  previously stores information on the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  on a denomination-by-denomination basis as described above. The information serves as a standard referred to when the cash settlement device  2  is replenished with change funds. The post-replenishment inventory number corresponds to the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement device  2  that has been replenished with change funds, and is determined for each cash settlement device  2  or in common for the cash settlement devices  2  in the cash management system  1 . 
     When a request is made to replenish a cash settlement device  2  with change funds, the cash management device  6  acquires the inventory number of a concerned denomination of banknotes or coins as change funds in the cash settlement device  2  to be replenished, and checks the post-replenishment inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins. This post-replenishment inventory number is determined for the cash settlement device  2  to be replenished. The cash management device  6  calculates the shortage of change funds corresponding to the difference between the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds and the post-replenishment inventory number thereof. The cash management device  6  instructs the cashier device  5  via the communication line  12  to dispense cash equal in amount to the shortage. The cashier device  5  receives the instruction to dispense cash as change funds. Cash is stored in the cash transport cassette  30  fitted into the cashier device  5 , for example. The person in charge removes the cash transport cassette  30  from the cashier device  5 , and carries the cash transport cassette  30  to one of the checkout counters  10  to fit the cash transport cassette  30  into the cash settlement device  2 . As described above, cash in the cash transport cassette  30  is stored, as change funds, in the cash settlement device  2 . 
     If the inventory number of banknotes or coins as cash for change funds in the cashier device  5  is sufficiently high, every time a request is made to replenish a target cash settlement device  2  with change funds, the cash management device  6  instructs the cashier device  5  to dispense such an amount of cash that allows the inventory number of a denomination of cash associated with the request in the target cash settlement device  2  to be equal to the post-replenishment inventory number as described above. However, suppose that, every time a request is made to supply change funds, the cashier device  5  dispenses such an amount of cash that allows the inventory number of a denomination of banknotes or coins associated with the request to be equal to the post-replenishment inventory number while the inventory number of banknotes or coins as cash for change funds is low. In that case, change funds would lack. Even if a request is subsequently made to supply change funds, a sufficient amount of cash may be prevented from being dispensed, or cash may be prevented from being dispensed. 
     To address such a problem, if the inventory number of banknotes or coins as cash for change funds in the cashier device  5  is low, the cash management system  1  according to the present disclosure limits the amount of change funds dispensed. Specifically, when a request is made to supply change funds, the cash management device  6  acquires not only the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the target cash settlement device  2  to be replenished, but also the inventory number of a concerned denomination of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1 . Then, the number of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  is calculated, and the sum of these numbers is calculated. The sum of these numbers corresponds to the total number of banknotes or coins lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1 . 
     If the cash management device  6  compares the calculated sum of the numbers with the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5 , and as a result, the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is equal to the calculated sum, or the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is higher than the calculated sum, a determination is made that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is sufficiently high. Thus, as described above, in response to a request to supply change funds, an amount of cash that allows the inventory number of banknotes or coins to be equal to the post-replenishment inventory number is dispensed. On the other hand, if the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is lower than the calculated sum, a determination is made that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is low. Thus, the amount of change funds dispensed is limited. 
     When the amount of cash dispensed is limited, a specific amount of cash dispensed is calculated by apportioning the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  based on the ratios of the numbers of banknotes or coins lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  to the calculated sum. This allows an amount of change funds matching the number of banknotes or coins lacking in one of the cash settlement devices  2  associated with the request to be dispensed to the cash settlement device  2  even while the amount of cash dispensed is limited. Apportionment of change funds will now be described with a specific example. In the following specific example, first to fourth four registers  40  are provided in the cash management system  1 , and first to fourth four cash settlement devices  2  are provided to correspond to the first to fourth registers  40 , respectively. 
       FIG. 10  is a table for explaining a first apportionment example. In this first apportionment example, change funds are prepared as 10-euro banknotes. In the first apportionment example, each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2  stores ten 10-euro banknotes as its default. The cashier device  5  stores ten 10-euro banknotes. As a result of repeating deposit and dispensing of 10-euro banknotes from this initial state, the inventory numbers of 10-euro banknotes in the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  decrease to two, six, six, and eight, respectively. In that case, the cashier device  5  still stores the ten 10-euro banknotes. 
     If the nearly empty value of each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2  is set to be three, the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the first cash settlement device  2  is below the nearly empty value. Thus, the first cash settlement device  2  needs to be replenished with 10-euro banknotes. A person in charge, therefore, requests the cashier device  5  to replenish the first cash settlement device  2  with change funds prepared as 10-euro banknotes. 
     When the replenishment request is made, the cash management device  6  acquires the inventory number of a denomination of banknotes or coins in each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2 . As described above, when the replenishment request is made, the inventory numbers (A) of banknotes in the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are two, six, six, and eight, respectively. The post-replenishment inventory number (B) in each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2  is determined to be 10. The numbers (C) of banknotes lacking in the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  ((C)=(B)−(A)) are eight, four, four, and two, respectively, and the sum Tc thereof is 18. 
     The cash management device  6  compares the sum Tc of the numbers of banknotes lacking (18 in this case) with the inventory number Ac of a concerned denomination of banknotes in the cashier device  5  (10 in this case). In this example, since the sum Tc of the numbers of banknotes lacking is greater than the inventory number Ac, the amount of money to be dispensed is limited. 
     As described above, the cash management device  6  apportions the inventory number (Ac) of banknotes in the cashier device  5  among the cash settlement devices  2  based on the ratios of the numbers (C) of banknotes lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  to the sum (Tc) of the numbers of banknotes lacking. That is to say, Ac×C/Tc is calculated for each cash settlement device  2 . 
     Specifically, in the first apportionment example, the number of banknotes assigned to the first cash settlement device  2  associated with the replenishment request is 10×8/18 (=4). In this case, digits to the right of the decimal point are discarded. As shown in  FIG. 10 , the numbers of banknotes apportioned into the second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are two, two, and one, respectively. 
     Thus, the cashier device  5  dispenses four 10-euro banknotes as change funds for the first cash settlement device  2 . Although the inventory number of banknotes in the first cash settlement device  2  does not reach the post-replenishment inventory number therein, the first cash settlement device  2  can be replenished with a certain amount of change funds. If, at this point in time, requests are made to replenish not the first cash settlement device  2  but the second to fourth cash settlement devices  2  with change funds, the numbers of banknotes assigned to the second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are two, two, and one, respectively. Such an apportionment allows banknotes equal in number to the number of banknotes lacking in each cash settlement device  2  to be dispensed as change funds to the cash settlement device  2 . In the first apportionment example, a large amount of change funds can be assigned to the first cash settlement device  2  in which the inventory number of banknotes as change funds is lowest. 
     As a result of dispensing change funds, the inventory number of banknotes in the cashier device  5  is six. Limiting the number of banknotes to be dispensed allows the inventory number of banknotes in the cashier device  5  to be as high as possible. Thus, the other cash settlement devices  2  can be replenished with change funds also from now on. 
       FIG. 11  is a table for explaining a second apportionment example showing how change funds are apportioned when supplied. The second apportionment example relates to coins. Each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2  stores 150 coins as its default. The cashier device  5  stores 100 coins. The nearly empty value is 20. 
     In the second apportionment example, since the inventory number (A) of coins in the second cash settlement device  2  has decreased to zero, a request is made to replenish the second cash settlement device  2  with change funds. At this time, the inventory numbers (A) of coins in the first, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 20, 120, and 162, respectively. The inventory number (Ac) of coins in the cashier device  5  is still  100 . 
     As described above, when a request is made to supply change funds, the cash management device  6  acquires the number (A) of a denomination of coins in each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2 . The post-replenishment inventory number (B) of coins in each cash settlement device  2  is set to be 150. Thus, the numbers (C) of coins lacking in the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 130, 150, 30, and 0, respectively. The inventory number (A) of coins in the fourth cash settlement device  2  at the time of the replenishment request is greater than the post-replenishment inventory number (B) of coins therein. Thus, the number (C) of coins lacking therein is zero. The sum Tc of the numbers of the coins lacking in these cash settlement devices is 310. 
     The number of coins prepared as change funds and apportioned to the second cash settlement device  2  (Ac×C/Tc) is 48 (=100×150/310). The numbers of coins apportioned to the first, third and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 41, 9, and 0, respectively. The cashier device  5  dispenses 48 coins as the change funds for the second cash settlement device  2 . As a result, the inventory number of coins in the cashier device  5  becomes 52. 
       FIG. 12  is a table for explaining a third apportionment example showing how change funds are apportioned when supplied. In the third apportionment example, the initial state and the inventory number (A) of coins in each cash settlement device  2  at the time of the replenishment request are the same as those of the second apportionment example. In the third apportionment example, how the number of coins lacking is calculated and how change funds are apportioned into the cash settlement devices  2  are different from those of the second apportionment example. Specifically, one or more targets in each of which the number of coins lacking is to be calculated and to which change funds are apportioned are only one or more of the cash settlement devices  2  in which the inventory number of the corresponding denomination(s) of coins reaches is equal to or less than the nearly empty value. The other cash settlement device(s)  2  in (each of) which the inventory number of the corresponding denomination of coins is above the nearly empty value is determined to be a cash settlement device  2  that does not need to be replenished with change funds, and is thus excluded from the targets. Each cash settlement device  2  or the cash management device  6  may determine whether or not the inventory number of coins in the cash settlement device  2  is equal to or less than the nearly empty value. Note that the nearly empty value is 20 as described above. 
     In the third apportionment example, when a request is made to supply change funds, the inventory number of coins in each of the first and second cash settlement devices  2  is equal to or less than the nearly empty value, and the inventory number of coins in each of the third and fourth cash settlement devices  2  is above the nearly empty value. Thus, when the number (C) of coins lacking is calculated, the number (C) of coins lacking in each of the first and second cash settlement devices  2  is calculated, and the number (C) of coins lacking in each of the third and fourth cash settlement devices  2  is determined to be zero. Then, the sum Tc of the numbers of coins lacking is calculated, and is compared with the inventory number Ac of coins in the cashier device  5 . Also in the third apportionment example, the sum Tc of the numbers of coins lacking (=280≥Ac) is greater than the inventory number Ac of coins in the cashier device  5 . Thus, the inventory number of coins in the cashier device  5  is apportioned. 
     Specifically, in the third apportionment example, the number of coins apportioned to the second cash settlement device  2  is 100×150/280 (=53). As compared with the second apportionment example, in the third apportionment example, excluding one or more cash settlement devices  2  in each of which the inventory number of coins is above the nearly empty value (i.e., one or more cash settlement devices  2  that may be unnecessary to replenished with change funds) from the targets to be replenished can increase the number of coins assigned to the second cash settlement device  2  that needs to be replenished with change funds from  48  to  53 . 
       FIG. 13  is a table for explaining a fourth apportionment example showing how change funds are apportioned when supplied. In the fourth apportionment example, the degree to which each of the registers  40  is busy is taken into account. Specifically, change funds in one of the registers  40  having a high usage frequency are relatively more likely to be lost, while change funds in another one of the registers  40  having a low usage frequency are relatively less likely to be lost. All of the registers in the cash management system  1  are not always used, and some of the registers  40  are not used in some cases (that is, idle registers). In the fourth apportionment example, the degree to which each of the registers  40  is busy is weighted. In the fourth apportionment example, a busyness flag for each cash settlement device  2  is set to be on or off. Specifically, the first, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  have their busyness flags turned on. On the other hand, the second cash settlement device  2  has its busyness flag turned off. Each busyness flag is turned on/off at an appropriate timing. For example, when one of the registers  40  is paused during the business hours, the busyness flag of the cash settlement device  2  corresponding to this register  40  may be turned off. 
     In the fourth apportionment example, the inventory number of coins in the first cash settlement device  2  decreases to 50, and a request is thus made to replenish the first cash settlement device  2  with change funds. The inventory number of coins in the second cash settlement device  2  is zero, while the busyness flag of the second cash settlement device  2  is off. Thus, in the apportionment example shown in  FIG. 4 , the post-replenishment inventory number of coins in the second cash settlement device  2  is zero. As a result, the number of coins lacking in the second cash settlement device  2  is also zero. The numbers (C) of coins lacking in the first, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 100, 30, and 0, respectively. The sum Tc of the numbers of coins lacking is 130. Setting the busyness flags allows one of the cash settlement devices  2  that does not need to be replenished to be excluded from targets to be replenished. This can accordingly reduce the sum of the numbers of coins lacking. 
     As a result, the number of coins apportioned to the first cash settlement device  2  is 100×100/130 (=76). Thus, the number of coins assigned to the first cash settlement device  2  that needs to be replenished can be increased. 
       FIG. 14  is a table for explaining a fifth apportionment example showing how change funds are apportioned when supplied. In the fourth apportionment example, the busyness flag of each cash settlement device  2  is turned on/off, whereas in the fifth apportionment example, determining the priority order of the cash settlement devices  2  allows the degrees of busyness of the cash settlement devices  2  to be finely set. More specifically, the register  40  of the first cash settlement device  2  is determined to be a busy register, the register  40  of the second cash settlement device  2  is determined to be a normal register, the register  40  of the third cash settlement device  2  is determined to be a slack register, and the register  40  of the fourth cash settlement device  2  is determined to be an inactive register. It can be said that in the fifth apportionment example, the degree to which change funds are required increases in the order of the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2 . 
     In the fifth apportionment example, the ratios (r) of change funds apportioned to the cash settlement devices  2  is set so that the degrees to which change funds are apportioned to the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2  vary according to the priority order. Specifically, the ratio r of change funds apportioned to the first cash settlement device  2  serving as a busy register is set to be 150%, the ratio r of change funds apportioned to the second cash settlement device  2  serving as a normal register is set to be 100%, the ratio r of change funds apportioned to the third cash settlement device  2  serving as a slack register is set to be 50%, and the ratio r of change funds apportioned to the fourth cash settlement device  2  serving as an inactive register is set to be 0%. These ratios change the respective post-replenishment inventory numbers of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement devices  2 . The reference inventory number (D) of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  is multiplied by the associated ratio (r) to determine the post-replenishment inventory number (B). Here, the reference inventory number (D) of coins in each of the first to fourth cash settlement devices  2  is set to be 100. The post-replenishment inventory numbers (B) of coins in the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 150, 100, 50, and 0, respectively. 
     In the fifth apportionment example, the inventory number (A) of coins in the first cash settlement device  2  decreases to 10. Thus, a request is made to replenish the first cash settlement device  2  with change funds. At this time, the inventory numbers (A) of coins in the second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 20, 100, and 0, respectively. In that case, the inventory number (Ac) of coins in the cashier device  5  is 100. 
     Accordingly, the numbers (C) of coins lacking in the first, second, third, and fourth cash settlement devices  2  are 140, 80, 0, and 0, respectively. Here, while the inventory number (A) of coins in the fourth cash settlement device  2  is zero, the number (C) of coins lacking is also zero, because the post-replenishment inventory number (B) of coins in the fourth cash settlement device  2  serving as the inactive register is zero. The sum Tc of the numbers of coins lacking is 220. 
     As a result, the number of coins apportioned to the first cash settlement device  2  is 100×140/220 (=63). This allows a large amount of change funds to be assigned to the first cash settlement device  2  serving as the busy register. 
     The above-described priority order and the ratios (r) corresponding to the priority order are each set at an appropriate timing. The ratios (r) themselves can be each set to be equal to an appropriate value. These ratios (r) associated with the priority order may be set in accordance with, for example, predicted proceeds from sales and sales achievements (such as yesterday&#39;s sales results and sales results on the same day the previous week). 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart of control performed by the cash management device  6  when a request is made to supply change funds. As described above, this flow is started, for example, by a person in charge of a shop operating the cashier device  5  to request supply of change funds. 
     In step S 151  after the start, the cash management device  6  acquires the inventory number (A) of a denomination of banknotes or coins associated with the request in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1  and the inventory number (Ac) of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5 . In subsequent step S 152 , the cash management device  6  calculates the number (C) of banknotes or coins lacking relative to the post-replenishment inventory number (B) in each cash settlement device  2 , and calculates the sum (Tc) of the numbers of banknotes or coins lacking. As described above, if the nearly empty value is taken into account, or if the busyness flag or the priority order is set, the cash management device  6  calculates the sum (Tc) of the numbers of banknotes or coins lacking, with the above factors taken into account. 
     In step S 153 , a determination is made whether or not the sum (Tc) of the numbers of banknotes or coins lacking is equal to or less than the inventory number (Ac) of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5 . If the sum Tc is equal to or less than the inventory number Ac (i.e., if the determination in step S 153  is YES), a determination is made that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is great enough. Thus, the process proceeds to step S 154 . In step S 154 , the cash management device  6  instructs the cashier device  5  to dispense an amount of change funds corresponding to the number of banknotes or coins lacking in one of the cash settlement devices  2  associated with the request. 
     On the other hand, if a determination is made in step S 153  that the sum Tc is greater than the inventory number Ac (i.e., if the determination in step S 153  is NO), a determination is made that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is low. Thus, the process proceeds to step S 155 . 
     In step S 155 , as described above, the cash management device  6  apportions the inventory number (Ac) of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  according to a calculation formula. In subsequent step S 156 , the cash management device  6  instructs the cashier device  5  to dispense, to the cash settlement device  2  associated with the request, an amount of change funds apportioned into the cash settlement device  2 . 
     In the flowchart shown in  FIG. 15 , step S 151  is performed by an inventory number acquirer configured to acquire the inventory number of banknotes or coins as change funds in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1 . Step S 152  is performed by a number-of-lacking-banknote/coin calculator. When a request is made to supply change funds, the number-of-lacking-banknote/coin calculator calculates, on a denomination-by-denomination basis, the sum of the numbers of a denomination, associated with the request, of banknotes or coins lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1  relative to the respective post-replenishment inventory numbers of banknotes or coins therein, based on the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins (change funds). This inventory number is acquired by the inventory number acquirer. Steps S 153  to S 156  are performed by a dispenser. When the sum of the numbers of each denomination of banknotes or coins lacking is less than the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5 , the dispenser dispenses, to the cash settlement device  2  associated with the request, a denomination of banknotes or coins, as change funds, that are required to allow the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device  2  to be equal to the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins therein. On the other hand, when the sum of the numbers of each denomination of banknotes or coins lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  exceeds the number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5 , the dispenser dispenses a denomination of banknotes or coins equal in number to the number calculated according to a predetermined calculation formula as change funds for one of the cash settlement devices  2  associated with the request. 
     Thus, when a request is made to supply change funds, the cash management system  1  having the above-described configuration acquires the sum of the numbers of banknotes or coins, as change funds, lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1 . When a comparison between the sum and the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  shows that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is lower, the cash management system  1  limits the amount of change funds dispensed. This can prevent all the cash from being dispensed to a specific one of the cash settlement devices  2  and prevent change funds from being unable to be dispensed to the other cash settlement devices  2  when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is low. 
     In addition, the amount of change funds dispensed is limited not based on the fact that the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is equal to or less than the nearly empty value, but based on the inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1 . Thus, the cash settlement device  2  that needs to be replenished can be appropriately replenished with change funds. 
     Thus, when dispensing of cash from the cashier device  5  is limited, the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is apportioned to each cash settlement device  2  according to the ratio of the number of banknotes or coins lacking in the cash settlement device  2  to the sum of the numbers of banknotes/coins, as change funds, lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1 . This allows an appropriate amount of change funds to be assigned to the cash settlement device  2  that needs to be replenished with change funds. 
     Furthermore, the priority order of the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1  is previously set according to the corresponding registers  40 . If the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is apportioned according to the priority order, a relatively large amount of change funds can be assigned, and supplied, to a cash settlement device  2  having higher priority. 
     In addition, when the total number of banknotes or coins, as change funds, lacking in the cash management system  1  is calculated, and when the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  is apportioned, if only one or more of the cash settlement devices  2  in which the inventory number of banknotes or coins is equal to or less than the nearly empty value is to be replenished with change funds, the cash settlement device(s)  2  that is/are requested to be replenished can be more appropriately replenished with change funds. 
     According to the above-described configuration, when a request is made to supply change funds, the cash management device  6  acquires the inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1 . However, the cash management device  6  may be configured to acquire the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1  at regular intervals. The cash management device  6  may acquire the inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1  at regular intervals, and when a request is made to supply change funds, may again acquire the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device  2  of the cash management system  1 . 
     According to the above-described configuration, when a request is made to supply change funds, the number of banknotes or coins, as change funds, lacking at this point in time is calculated, and the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device is apportioned. However, every time a request is made to supply change funds, the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device does not have to be apportioned. For example, if, when a request is made to supply change funds, a predetermined time has not elapsed since the last time a request was made to supply change funds, the number of banknotes or coins determined by apportioning the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device at the last time a request was made to supply change funds may be dispensed without again apportioning the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cashier device. 
     A specific description is given according to the first apportionment example described above. Suppose that as described above, immediately after four 10-euro banknotes are dispensed to the first cash settlement device  2 , a request is made to replenish the second cash settlement device  2  with change funds. In that case, 10-euro banknotes (in this case, two banknotes) equal in number to the number determined by apportioning the inventory number of banknotes in the cashier device  5  at the last time a request was made to supply change funds is dispensed to the second cash settlement device  2  without apportioning the inventory number of 10-euro banknotes in the cashier device  5  (in this case, six banknotes). If, every time a request is made to supply change funds, the inventory number of banknotes in the cashier device is apportioned, the inventory number of banknotes therein decreases. This also reduces the number of banknotes apportioned to each cash settlement device. If requests are successively made to supply change funds at substantially the same time, the number of banknotes apportioned in response to a later request may be much smaller than that in response to an earlier request. 
     Suppose that to address this problem, if, when a request is made to supply change funds, a predetermined time has not elapsed since the last time a request was made to supply change funds, the number of banknotes determined by apportioning the inventory number of banknotes in the cashier device at the last time a request was made to supply change funds is dispensed without again apportioning the inventory number of banknotes in the cashier device. In that case, if requests are successively made to supply change funds, change funds can be appropriately dispensed to meet the requests. 
     As described in the third apportionment example, if replenishing one of the cash settlement devices  2  with change funds prevents the inventory number of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement device  2  from being nearly empty, and a subsequent request is made to replenish another one of the cash settlement devices with change funds, the one of the cash settlement devices  2  can be excluded from the targets in each of which the number of banknotes or coins lacking is to be calculated and to each of which change funds are to be apportioned. This allows change funds to be appropriately dispensed to meet the subsequent request to supply change funds. 
     If, when a request is made to supply change funds, a predetermined time has not elapsed since the last time a request was made to supply change funds, the cash settlement device  2  replenished with change funds in response to the last request may be excluded from the targets in each of which the number of banknotes or coins lacking is to be calculated and to each of which change funds are to be apportioned. This also allows change funds to be appropriately dispensed to meet a later request to supply change funds. 
     One denomination has been described above. However, naturally, all of denominations to be handled are treated in the same way. Specifically, the cash management device  6  calculates the total number of each denomination of banknotes or coins lacking in the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1  relative to the total post-replenishment inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cash settlement devices  2  of the cash management system  1 , based on the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins, as change funds, in each cash settlement device  2 , and compares the total number of the denomination of banknotes or coins to the inventory number of the denomination of banknotes or coins in the cashier device  5  to limit, as necessary, dispensing of a denomination of banknotes or coins lacking. 
     (Control on Supply of Change Funds in Offline Mode) 
     As described above, in the cash management system  1 , when a person in charge operates the cashier device  5  to request supply of change funds, the cashier device  5  outputs a signal indicating the request to the cash management device  6 , which is configured to control how cash is dispensed from the cashier device  5 . The cash management device  6  stores and manages information on the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2 . 
     Here, if a person in charge operates the cashier device  5  to request the supply of change funds, and communication between the cashier device  5  and the cash management device  6  is offline for any reason, the cashier device  5  cannot dispense change funds. 
     To improve the convenience, the cashier device  5  may be configured to independently dispense change funds even if communication between the cashier device  5  and the cash management device  6  is offline. However, the cashier device  5  does not store and manage the information on the post-replenishment inventory number of banknotes or coins in each cash settlement device  2 . Thus, change funds are dispensed without any limitation according to the request made by the person in charge. This is securely problematic. 
     To address this problem, in the cash management system  1 , if, to improve both convenience and security, the cashier device  5  is operated to request supply of change funds, and communication between the cashier device  5  and the cash management device  6  is offline, the cashier device  5  is configured to dispense the change funds while limiting the dispensing according to preset limitations. 
     Specifically, limitations in an offline mode are as follows. Specifically, the number of times the person in charge requesting addition of change funds dispenses cash in the offline mode and the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by the person are limited to the preset number and amount for each currency. 
     Here, the person in charge includes a “person in charge of a tenant,” a “cashier,” an “operator of a cash-in-transit company”, a “manager,” and a “maintenance service personnel.” The number of times cash is dispensed in the offline mode and the upper limit of the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed are limited for each person in charge.  FIG. 16  exemplifies a setting screen SC 1  displayed on the cashier device  5 , for example, in order to set the number of times cash is dispensed in the offline mode and the upper limit of the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed. 
     As described above, this setting screen SC 1  includes “Tenant,” “Cashier,” “CIT,” “Manager,” and “Service” buttons for selecting a person in charge (Role). In the illustrated example, the “Manager” button is chosen. 
     Further, the setting screen SC 1  includes buttons for setting whether or not the cashier device  5  permits the limited dispensing of change funds during the offline mode (i.e., an offline operation). In the illustrated example, an “ON” button is chosen, and an offline operation is set to be permitted. 
     Further, the setting screen SC 1  includes a time field (Times) where the upper limit of the number of times change funds are dispensed during the offline mode is set, and amount fields (EUR, USD, CAD, JPY, CNY, CHF) where the upper limit of the total cumulative amount of change funds dispensed during the offline mode is set for each currency. Data can be entered into these amount fields when an offline operation is set to be permitted. 
     Operating the operation unit  591  of the cashier device  5  allows necessary numbers to be entered in each field. A check box (No Limit), which is marked when no upper limit is set, is provided to one side of each of the field where the upper limit of the number of times change funds are dispensed during the offline mode is set, and the fields where the upper limit of the total cumulative amount of change funds dispensed is set for each currency. 
     Entering necessary data on the setting screen SC 1  and then choosing the save (Save) button finishes setting an operation to be performed while the cashier device  5  is offline. The settings are stored in the memory  570  of the cashier device  5 . 
       FIG. 17  is a flowchart showing how the cashier device  5  is controlled while offline. This flowchart is started by the person in charge performing an authentication operation in the cashier device  5  and choosing supply of change funds from the start menu displayed on the cashier device  5 . 
     In step S 171  after the start, a determination is made whether or not the cashier device is offline. If it is not offline, the process proceeds to step S 178 . The cashier device  5  is connected to the cash management device  6  via the communication line  12 . Thus, the cashier device  5  performs ordinary control of supply of change funds. In other words, the dialog box transitions to another dialog box for requesting supply of change funds. The person in charge operates the cashier device  5  according to the dialog box displayed on the display  592  of the cashier device  5 , thereby dispensing change funds. 
     On the other hand, if a determination is made in step S 171  that the cashier device  5  is offline, the process proceeds to step S 172 . In step S 172 , a determination is made whether the concerned person in charge is permitted to perform an offline operation. If he or she is not permitted, the process proceeds to step S 177 . In step S 177 , the transition to the dialog box for requesting the supply of change funds is prohibited. At this time, for example, a message such as “You cannot dispense cash, because SERVER is not online now.” may be displayed on the display  592 . 
     In step S 172 , when the concerned person in charge is permitted to perform an offline operation, the process proceeds to step S 173 . In step S 173 , a determination is made whether or not the upper limit of the number of times the concerned person in charge dispenses cash has been set. If the upper limit has been set, the process proceeds to step S 174 . If the upper limit has not been set yet, the process proceeds to step S 175  without proceeding to step S 174 . 
     In step S 174 , a determination is made whether or not the number of times the concerned person in charge dispenses cash has reached the set upper limit. Here, the “number of times a person in charge dispenses cash” is the number of times the person in charge himself or herself dispenses cash. In other words, for example, if a plurality of cashiers are present, the “number of times a person in charge dispenses cash” corresponds to the number of times the same cashier dispenses cash during the offline mode, but does not correspond to the total number of times the cashiers dispense cash during the offline mode. If the number of times the person in charge dispenses cash has not reached the upper limit, the process proceeds to step S 175 . If the number of times the person in charge dispenses cash has reached the upper limit, the process proceeds to step S 177 . 
     As described above, in step S 177 , the transition to the dialog box for requesting the supply of change funds is prohibited. At this time, for example, a message such as “You cannot dispense cash, because the dispensing limit is exceeded)” may be displayed on the display  592 . 
     In step S 175 , a determination is made whether or not the upper limit of the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by the concerned person in charge has been set. If the upper limit has been set, the process proceeds to step S 176 . If the upper limit has not been set yet, the process proceeds to step S 178 . The supply of change funds is not limited by the number of times the person in charge dispenses cash, and the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed is not limited. Thus, in step S 178 , ordinary control is performed on supply of change funds. In other words, the dialog box transitions to another dialog box for requesting supply of change funds. 
     In step S 176 , a determination is made whether or not the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by the concerned person in charge has reached the set upper limit. Here, the “total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by a person in charge” is also the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by the person in charge himself or herself. In other words, for example, if a plurality of cashiers are present, the “total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by a person in charge” corresponds to the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed by the same cashier during the offline mode, but does not correspond to the sum of the total cumulative amounts of cash dispensed by the cashiers. If the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed has not reached the upper limit, the process proceeds to step S 178 . If the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed has reached the upper limit, the process proceeds to step S 177 . In the same manner as described above, in step S 178 , ordinary control is performed on supply of change funds. In other words, the dialog box transitions to another dialog box for requesting supply of change funds. 
     In step S 177 , the transition to the dialog box for requesting the supply of change funds is prohibited. At this time, for example, a message such as “You cannot dispense cash, because the dispensing limit is exceeded)” may be displayed on the display  592 . 
     As can be seen, the cash management system  1  having the above-described configuration allows change funds to be dispensed from the cashier device  5  even during the offline mode. As a result, convenience is improved. Meanwhile, in the offline mode, the number of times change funds are dispensed and/or the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed can be limited as necessary. This can improve security even while the cash management device  6  cannot manage the system. The counts of the number of times change funds are dispensed and the total cumulative amount of cash dispensed are reset if the state shifts from an offline state to an online state. 
     The present disclosure is applicable not only to the cash management system  1  having the above-described configuration, but also to the cash management system  1  having another configuration except the above-described configuration. 
     For example, according to the foregoing configuration, the cashier device  5  and the cash management device  6  are separate from each other. However, a cashier device and a cash management device may be integrated together. 
     DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS 
     
         
           1  Cash Management System. 
           12  Communication Line (Transmission Line) 
           2  Cash Settlement Device 
           5  Cashier Device 
           6  Cash Management Device 
           40  Register