Patent Publication Number: US-2015081375-A1

Title: Visual scheduling tool for optimizing capacity utilization

Description:
FIELD 
     The disclosure relates to a visual scheduling tool for optimizing capacity utilization, for displaying the likelihood of satisfying customer demand, and for capacity and resource planning in a manufacturing environment. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A Heijunka box is a visual scheduling tool that may be used in Heijunka, where Heijunka is a mechanism to achieve a smoother flow of production of parts. While Heijunka refers to the mechanism for achieving production smoothing, the Heijunka box is the name of a specific tool used in achieving the goals of Heijunka. 
     The Heijunka box may comprise a schedule that may be divided into a grid of boxes (or a set of pigeon-holes or rectangular receptacles). Each column of boxes may represent a specific period of time, and lines may he drawn down the schedule to visually break the schedule into columns of individual shifts or days or weeks. Cards representing individual jobs (referred to as Kanban cards) may be placed on the Heijunka box to provide a visual representation of upcoming production runs. 
     The Heijunka box may make it easy for operators to see what type of jobs are queued for production and for when such jobs are scheduled. Workers on the factory floor may remove the Kanban cards for the current period from the box in order to determine what tasks to perform. 
     SUMMARY OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Provided are an apparatus, a method, a computational system, and a computer readable storage medium in which one or more regions in a first element that is fixed correspond to indications of a likelihood of satisfying customer demand while optimizing capacity utilization. Customer requirements are stored in a second element that is movable, wherein the one or more regions in the first element are interpreted to determine the likelihood of satisfying customer demand while optimizing capacity utilization, based on the stored customer requirements. 
     In certain embodiments, the customer requirements are included in one or more cards that include order information, wherein the one or more cards are placed in, or removed from locations in the second element. 
     In additional embodiments, the first element is an inner wheel that cannot be rotated, and the second element is an outer wheel that is rotated, in response to a selected location in the second element being emptied of cards. 
     In further embodiments, the one or more regions in the first element are color coded to provide indications of inventory states. 
     In yet further embodiments, a first color coding indicates that there is insufficient inventory, and a second color coding indicates that there is excessive inventory. 
     In still further embodiments, a third color coding indicates that inventory and customer demand are in balance. 
     In additional embodiments, the first element and the second element together comprise a visual scheduling tool. 
     In yet additional embodiments, the first element and the second element are coupled mechanically, wherein the first element is physically rotated by an operator. 
     In certain embodiments, a planning chart is used to generate a mapping of cards of the second element to the indications of the likelihood of satisfying customer demand of the first element. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numbers represent corresponding parts throughout: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of a system that includes a scheduling wheel that is used for optimizing capacity utilization based on customer demand, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram of a scheduling wheel, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a diagram that shows how cur s are placed in the scheduling wheel, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary card, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram that shows a mapping of color coded regions of the inner wheel to inventory states, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart that shows operations performed with respect to the scheduling wheel, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a scheduling wheel with an excessive inventory scenario, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a scheduling wheel with an insufficient inventory scenario, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a scheduling wheel with the inventory in balance with customer demand, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a scheduling wheel implemented as a mechanical device in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a scheduling wheel implemented in another mechanical device, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a scheduling wheel implemented in a computational device, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a mechanism over which the scheduling wheel is an improvement, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an apparatus, in accordance with certain embodiments; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a flowchart, in accordance with certain embodiments; and 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a system corresponding to a computational device that implements the scheduling wheel, in accordance with certain embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and which illustrate several embodiments. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and operational changes may be made. 
     Certain embodiments provide a visual scheduling tool for optimizing capacity utilization. Certain embodiments display the likelihood of satisfying customer demand to an operator, such that the operator may take remedial action to speed up or slow down, or to maintain the rate of batch manufacturing of parts in a batch manufacturing environment. Certain embodiments maximize profitability while satisfying customer demand within the promised lead time. Overburdening and unevenness is reduced in the manufacturing environment. 
     Exemplary Embodiments 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram  100  of a system that includes a scheduling wheel  102  that is used for optimizing capacity utilization  106  based on various factors such as inventory  104  and information on customer demand  108 , in accordance with certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, inventory may or may not be maintained and satisfaction of customer demand  108  within a promised lead time while maximizing profitability may be achieved. The scheduling wheel  102  may be used to determine how to utilize a machine for producing parts in a batch production environment. For example, the scheduling wheel  102  may indicate that the inventory  104  of parts is inadequate and the machine may be operated with greater resources or personnel to produce parts for a customer, or the scheduling wheel  102  may indicate that the inventory  104  of parts is more than adequate and the machine may be idled. 
     The inventory  104  refers to the amount or number of parts or material that is already available for shipment to customers. The capacity utilization  106  refers to the number of parts or amount of material per unit time that the machine is producing. For example, the machine may have a capacity to produce 5 parts per hour. The information on customer demand  108  may include information such as the promised lead time to the customer, the customer demand, etc. 
     The scheduling wheel  102  is loaded with cards  110  that comprise customer requirements. For example, an exemplary card may indicate that production of ten parts is needed. The cards  110  are loaded to the scheduling wheel  102  based on customer orders that arrive. 
     A planning chart  112  that may comprise a spreadsheet may be used to configure the scheduling wheel  102 , before the scheduling wheel  102  is used for managing inventory for a machine in a batch production environment. The configuration of the scheduling wheel  102  may be based on the cycle time  120 , the lead time  122 , and the daily demand  124  that may be used to optimize the capacity utilization  106 . 
     Therefore,  FIG. 1  illustrates certain embodiments in which a scheduling wheel  102  performs a optimization (reference numeral  114 ) of capacity utilization  106  based on factors such as inventory  104  and information on customer demand  108 . Cards  110  that include customer orders are loaded (reference numeral  116 ) to a scheduling wheel  102  that may be periodically configured via the output of a planning chart  112 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram of a scheduling wheel  200 , in accordance with certain embodiments. The scheduling wheel  200  is comprised of an outer wheel  202  that is rotatable (i.e., can be rotated) and an inner wheel  204  that is fixed. The outer wheel  202  is shown as being rotatable (reference numeral  206 ) in an anticlockwise direction. In alternative embodiments, the outer wheel  202  is rotatable in a clockwise direction or in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. In certain embodiments in which the outer wheel  202  is rotatable in both clockwise and anticlockwise direction, an operator or a computer program rotates the outer wheel along one direction (i.e., either in an anticlockwise or in a clockwise direction), and rotations are not performed in the other direction. 
     The outer wheel  202  has a plurality of pegs towards the periphery of the outer wheel, and certain exemplary pegs are shown via reference numeral  208 . The number of pegs may be different in different embodiments. The pegs are used to hang cards that include customer requirements, such as customer orders. In alternative embodiments mechanisms that are different from pegs may be used to couple or associate work orders to the mechanisms. 
     In certain embodiments, the inner wheel  204  is fixed and regions of the inner wheel are color coded. Exemplary color codings of the inner wheel into yellow, green, and red regions are shown. For example region  210  is colored yellow, region  212  is colored green, and region  214  is colored red. Instead of color other mechanisms, such as shading, numbering, or textual indications, may be used to indicate different regions of the inner wheel  204 . 
     The inner wheel  204  and the outer wheel  202  are both disc shaped and may be constructed from plastic, paper&#39;board, or any other type of material. In alternative embodiments, the inner wheel  204  and the outer wheel  202  may be shaped differently. 
     Therefore,  FIG. 2  illustrates certain embodiments in which customer orders that arrive are hung on pegs of a rotatable outer wheel  202  that rotates around a fixed inner wheel  204  that has color coded regions. The outer wheel  202  and the inner wheel  204  together comprise the scheduling wheel  200 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a diagram  300  of the scheduling wheel  200  that shows how cards (e.g.,  302 ,  304 ,  306   308 ) are placed in the pegs of the outer wheel  202 , in accordance with certain embodiments. 
     Each card corresponds to a batch of parts that are to be produced in a batch production environment. In a batch production environment the time taken for each hatch of parts to be produced is substantially the same. For example, if a batch can produce a maximum of 100 parts then whether the card indicates that 2 parts are to be produced or 75 parts are to be produced the time taken is substantially the same. 
     As cards with order requirements arrive, the cards are first placed on peg  309  that may be referred to as the reference peg. Each peg has a maximum number of cards that may be hung on the peg. In  FIG. 3 , each peg can accommodate three cards at most. So after peg  309  is full, the operator starts hanging cards on peg  310 , and then on peg  312 , and then on peg  314 . It is seen that peg  314  has only two cards, so when the next card is to be placed it is placed on peg  314 . Peg  316  does not have any cards. 
     The operator removes the card  306  from peg  309  to produce a batch of parts in a machine. Then he removes the card  304  to produce the next batch of parts, and then he removes card  302  to produce the next batch of parts. The cards from the peg  309  may be removed in any order. Once cards  306 ,  304 ,  302  are removed from peg  309 , the peg  309  is empty and the outer wheel is rotated anticlockwise so that peg  310  occupies the position that was previously occupied by peg  309 , i.e., peg  310  is now the new reference peg and cards are removed from peg  310 . 
     It should be noted that the operator places cards in pegs in a clockwise direction and after each peg is full proceeds to the next peg. Cards are always removed only from the reference peg, and after the reference peg is empty the outer wheel  202  is rotated in an anticlockwise direction to make the next peg the reference peg. 
     In certain alternative embodiments, the total amount of time spent to fulfil requirements indicated on the cards placed on each peg is the same. For example in certain embodiments, a first peg may have two cards each of which takes three hours, whereas a second peg may have three cards each of which takes two hours, and a third peg may have two cards in which the first card takes one hour and the second card takes five hours. In such embodiments, each peg corresponds to six hours. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary card  400 , in accordance with certain embodiments. The exemplary card  400  indicates what to produce in a batch production environment. The exemplary card may indicate the name of the part to produce for delivery (reference numeral  402 ) and the quantity (i.e., the number or amount shown via reference numeral  404 ) to produce. 
     The exemplary card  400  may also have optional indicators that show the number of days in which the part is needed by the customer (shown via reference numeral  406 ) and other information  408 , such as detailed part specifications. 
     The exemplary card  400  may be generated by planning personnel or a computer program, based on customer orders that may be received by a manufacturer. An operator of the scheduling wheel places the exemplary card  400  on a peg of the outer wheel. 
     When the exemplary card  400  is removed from the peg, after the peg has become the reference peg, the operator produces the quantity of parts in a single batch based on the information included in indicators  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram  500  that shows a mapping of color coded regions of the inner wheel to inventory states, in accordance with certain embodiments. 
     The color coded regions of the inner wheel is used to determine whether the inventory of parts is insufficient, excessive or in balance with customer demand. For example, in certain embodiments, the color coding of red  502  indicates that there is insufficient inventory  504  and operators are to remove cards from pegs and start the batch manufacturing production and possibly accelerate such production by employing more resources or personnel. The color coding of  506  may indicate that there is excessive inventory  508  and the batch production process may be idled to allow customer orders to arrive. If the color coding is green  510  it may indicate that the inventory is in balance with customer demand. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart  600  that shows operations performed with respect to the scheduling wheel (such as scheduling wheel  102 ,  200 ), in accordance with certain embodiments. 
     At block  602 , the operator places cards in the pegs of the outer wheel as orders arrive. At block  604  the operator removes cards from pegs to produce parts, and as the reference peg is emptied the outer wheel is rotated. 
     The visual inspection of the color in the inner wheel based on which pegs have cards allows the operator to determine the state of the inventory and to determinate when to add or remove resources or shifts to the batch production environment as the demand load changes (shown via reference numeral  606 ,  608 ). 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a scheduling wheel  700  with an excessive inventory scenario, in accordance with certain embodiments. In  FIG. 7  cards have been placed on the pegs of the outer wheel till the yellow region (as indicated by the arrow  702 ) of the inner wheel, and therefore there is excessive inventory. The batch production environment may be idled or resources or shifts may be reduced in the batch production environment for order flow to catch up. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a scheduling wheel  800  with an insufficient inventory scenario, in accordance with certain embodiments. In  FIG. 8  cards have been placed on the pegs of the outer wheel till the red region as indicated by the arrow  802 ) of the inner wheel, and therefore there is insufficient inventory. Too many orders are pending, and therefore resources or shifts may be increased in the batch production environment for part manufacturing to catch up with order flow. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a scheduling wheel  900  with the inventory in balance with customer demand, in accordance with certain embodiments. In  FIG. 9  cards have been placed on the pegs of the outer wheel till the green region as indicated by the arrow  902 ) of the inner wheel, and therefore there inventory is in balance with customer orders. Therefore resources or shifts may be remain unchanged in the batch production environment. 
     Therefore  FIGS. 7 ,  8 ,  9  illustrate certain embodiments in which by visual inspection of the scheduling wheel an operator may determine the state of inventory in the batch production environment and take appropriate action. It should noted that inventory is just an example, and the embodiments attempt to optimize capacity utilization while maximizing profitability and satisfy customer demand within a promised lead time. In certain embodiments, no inventory may be maintained. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a block diagram  1000  in which a scheduling wheel is implemented as a mechanical device  1002 , in accordance with certain embodiments. A computational device  1004  with a spreadsheet  1006  (a planning chart) may be used to update (reference numeral  1008 ) and design the scheduling wheel  1002  implemented as the mechanical device  1002 . The design of the scheduling wheel  1002  bay be based on the daily demand, the lead time, and the cycle time. The cycle time is the production time and is a subset of the lead time, where the lead time is the time from receipt of a customer order to the time at which the order can be delivered to the customer. The cycle time assumes that if all resources are available then how much time is taken to produce a part, i.e., cycle time is analogous to production time. The lead time is the time promised to the customer for delivery of an order. 
     The design of the scheduling wheel can easily accommodate demand variations of 50%. However if there is an excessive demand change (e.g., a 300% demand change) then the scheduling wheel may have to be redesigned. The demand may be a projected demand based on prior historical pattern of demand or may be based on marketing analysis of projected future sales in the event of introduction of a new product. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a block diagram  1100  of a scheduling wheel  1102  implemented as a mechanical device, in accordance with certain embodiments. Exemplary cards  1104  are shown to be placed on the pegs of the scheduling wheel. Various information related to the scheduling wheel may be written on the center of the inner wheel for the convenience of the operator. Such information may include information such as the daily rate of batch manufacturing, how many cards are to be placed on each peg, how many days of build each peg corresponds to, etc. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram  1200  of a scheduling wheel implemented in a computational device  1202 , in accordance with certain embodiments. The computational device  1202  is coupled to a display device  1204 . The computational device  1202  may comprise any suitable computational device may such as a personal computer, a server computer, a mini computer, a mainframe computer, a blade computer, a tablet computer, a touch screen computing device, a telephony device, a cell phone, a mobile computational device, etc., and some computational devices may provide web services or cloud computing services. The display device  1204  may be any suitable display device such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Light Emitting Diode (LED), Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), touch screen, etc. 
     The computational device  1202  may include a scheduling wheel application  1206  implemented in software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof. The scheduling wheel application  1206  may simulate via, execution of a computer program a display  1208  of the scheduling wheel and the operations of the scheduling wheel described in  FIGS. 1-11 . For example, the operator may input information to be found in cards (reference numeral  1210 ) to the scheduling wheel application  1206 , and may remove cards, or rotate the scheduling wheel by manipulating various controls via a, mouse, track pad, etc., where the controls are displayed as graphical user interface (GUI) controls  1212  on the display device  1204 . 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a block diagram  1300  of certain mechanisms over which the scheduling wheel is an improvement, in accordance with certain embodiments. In  FIG. 13  a monthly calendar  1302  is shown, for each day cards (e.g., cards  1304 ) are associated based on when the customer order is due for completion. There is no quick visual way for an operator to determine the state of the inventory in such embodiments, unlike embodiments that employ the scheduling wheel. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates an apparatus, in accordance with certain embodiments. The apparatus  1400  comprises a first element  1402  (e.g., the inner wheel) that is fixed, where one or more regions  1404   a,    1404   b,  . . .  1404   n  (e.g., red, green, blue regions) in the first element  1402  correspond to indications of inventory states. The apparatus  1400  also comprises a second element  1406  (e.g., an outer wheel) that is movable, wherein customer requirements  1408   a,    1408   b,  . . .  1408   m  (e.g., cards) are stored in the second element, where the one or more regions in the first element are interpreted to determine an inventory state based on the stored customer requirements. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a flowchart  1500 , in accordance with certain embodiments. The operations shown in flowchart  1500  may be performed by an operator or by a computational device  1502 . 
     Control starts at block  1502  in which a scheduling wheel or other manufactured or displayed apparatus indicates a likelihood of satisfying customer demand while optimizing capacity utilization in one or more regions of a first element that is fixed. Customer requirements are stored (at block  1504 ) in a second element that is movable. The one or more regions in the first element are interpreted (at block  1506 ) to determine the likelihood of satisfying customer demand while optimizing capacity utilization, based on the stored customer requirements. 
     Therefore,  FIGS. 1-15  illustrate a visual scheduling tool to display the state of inventory to an operator, such that the operator may take appropriate action to speed up, slow down, or maintain a rate of batch manufacturing of parts in a batch manufacturing environment to optimize capacity utilization. 
     Further Details 
     Certain card management systems may rely on a manual pull and may lack capacity driven information and dynamic approach that adjust to changing customer conditions, e.g. demand increase or decrease, quality, machine or part shortages creating artificial load on a production cell (i.e., batch production environment), etc. In certain system cards may be shuffled daily and information may be dispersed through several different functional groups, and making decision making difficult for determining operator loading in each area. The scheduling wheel takes the pull inputs from planning and toads them on the wheel that acts as a tachometer to determine daily run rate for the cell. This information feeds the operator loading chart to determine standard work play. Based on inputs for the chart (cycle time, lead-time, backlog of work) an operator may determine the probability of taking care of the customer, and the system may provide a leading indicator of when and how many resources to add to a cell to meet customer demand. Certain embodiments may be used to measure machine time or operator time depending on capacity constraint for a particular resource. 
     Additional Details of Embodiments 
     The operations described in the figures may be implemented as a method, apparatus or computer program product using techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Additionally, certain embodiments may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable storage medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied therein. 
     A computer readable storage medium may include an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The computer readable storage medium may also comprise an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette or disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, etc. A computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     A computer readable signal medium includes a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable storage medium is different from the computer readable signal medium. 
     Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, system and computer program products according to certain embodiments At least certain operations that may have been illustrated in the figures show certain events occurring in a certain order. In alternative embodiments, certain operations may be performed in a different order, modified or removed. Additionally, operations may be added to the above described logic and still conform to the described embodiments. Further, operations described herein may occur sequentially or certain operations may be processed in parallel. Yet further, operations may be performed by a single processing unit or by distributed processing units. Computer program instructions can implement the blocks of the flowchart. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a computer for execution. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a block diagram that shows certain elements that may be included in a computational device  1600 , where in the computational device  1600  may be the computational device  1202 , in accordance with certain embodiments. The system  1600  may include a circuitry  1602  that may in certain embodiments include at least a processor  1604 . The processor  1604  may comprise any suitable processor known in the art, such as, an arithmetic logical unit, a central processing unit, a circuitry that perform operations, hardware that performs instructions of a computer program, a microprocessor, a parallel processor, an array processor, a vector processor, a transistorized central processing unit, a microcontroller, a logic circuitry, etc. Any device that manipulates digital information based on one or more operational instructions or in a predefined manner is an example of the processor  1604 . The system  1600  may also include a memory  1606  (e,g., a volatile memory device), and storage  1608 . The storage  1608  may include a non-volatile memory device (e.g., EEPROM, ROM, PROM, RAM, DRAM, SRAM, flash, firmware, programmable logic, etc.), magnetic disk drive, optical disk drive, tape drive, etc. The storage  1608  may comprise an internal storage device, an attached storage device and/or a network accessible storage device. The system  1600  may include a program logic  1610  including code  1612  that may be loaded into the memory  1606  and executed by the processor  1604  or circuitry  1602 . In certain embodiments, the program logic  1610  including code  1612  may be stored in the storage  1608 . In certain other embodiments, the program logic  1610  may be implemented in the circuitry  1602 . Therefore, while  FIG. 16  shows the program logic  1610  separately from the other elements, the program logic  1610  may be implemented in the memory  1606  and/or the circuitry  1602 . 
     The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “some embodiments”, and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the present invention(s)” unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     The terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. 
     A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments. 
     When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device/article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they cooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device or article or a different number of devices/articles may be used instead of the shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and/or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality/features. 
     The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.