Patent Publication Number: US-2013247338-A1

Title: Festooned trim clip system and method for attaching festooned clips to a substrate

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/292,719, entitled FESTOONED TRIM CLIP SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ATTACHING FESTOONED CLIPS TO A SUBSTRATE, filed Nov. 9, 2011, which in turn is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/737,362, entitled FESTOONED TRIM CLIP SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ATTACHING FESTOONED CLIPS TO A SUBSTRATE, filed Apr. 19, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,091,184, and all of which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to trim and upholstery attachment mechanisms, and more particularly to clips for attaching trim and upholstery to foam and other resilient or flexible substrates. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Modern fabric trim covers (upholstery), such as those used in vehicles, often carefully sculpted and shaped to produce a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing effect. As such, the fabric (typically cloth, vinyl or leather with an appropriate backing material) is secured at many locations along its surface to a resilient or flexible backing that defines the cushioned substrate of the upholstered item (for example, a seat bottom, cushion, back or headrest). The substrate is typically constructed from a resilient material. This resilient/flexible material can be synthetic foam (for example polyurethane and/or isocyanate-based foam) or another cushioning material, such as traditional rubberized horsehair, hoghair, and the like. In general, the close-fitting appearance of the upholstery to the substrate requires that the fabric be tacked down to the substrate at any intermediate dips, Vees or trenches in the surface. Otherwise, the fabric will tend to billow or “tent” at these non-planar surface features. 
     Traditional methods for tacking down trim covers at trenches entail the use of a plastic bead along the inner side of the trim cover. This bead is often located at an inner seam that is a sewn or welded, or otherwise adhered, joint between fabric pieces. Likewise the foam substrate includes an exposed metal wire that may be molded into the substrate along a trench in its surface during its construction. So-called “hog-rings,” consisting of bendable metal ringlets, are then secured to both the plastic bead and the metal wire. These rings are each applied by a tool, such as a hog-ring gun from a supply of wire. As each hog ring is secured, it forms an immovable, permanent joint between the fabric and the substrate. Clearly, this permanent joint is difficult to repair if needed and requires significant skill to create in the first place. In addition, this method of seat cover attachment leads to the development of injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome in employees who operate the hog ring tool over an extended period of time. Finally, the use of metal components may be undesirable where the seat includes electrical heating elements due to the metal&#39;s predisposition to conduct both heat and electricity. 
     More recently, trim covers have been secured to resilient substrates using detachable connections that allow repairs to be effected and are often more-easily applied without the used of highly skilled labor. In one example, one side of a hook and loop fastener is attached to a trench in the resilient substrate. The inner surface of the trim cover carries the opposing side of the fastener. This approach is reliable, but expensive, in terms of material wasted and consumed to attain a secure fit. It also requires a rather large-width trench to be formed in the resilient substrate to ensure a sufficient area of engagement between fastener sides. 
     Another recent approach involves the used of a series of clips that are molded into the trench as a foam substrate is manufactured. A version of this structure, and other prior art attachment mechanisms, are described in U.S. Published Patent Application US/2003/0215601 A1, entitled ATTACHMENT DEVICE, dated Nov. 20, 2003, by Peede, et al. the teachings of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. A simplified version of such a clip and its use are shown in  FIGS. 1-3  herein. As shown particularly in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , each clip  100  includes a pair of outwardly facing (with respect to the trim-cover-facing surface of the substrate) legs  102  that together form a female projection  104  with a pair of upper hooks or barbs  106  that face toward each other, thereby defining a top-end funnel, leading into a cavity  110 . The barbs  106  define a narrow gap  112  therebetween. This gap  112  is smaller in width than the width of the cavity  110 . The material and relative thickness of the legs  102  is such that the barbs  106  can be spread elastically apart so that an appropriately sized cylinder can pass between the legs to be thereafter trapped in the cavity against outward movement by the sprung-back barbs  106 . In this case, the cylinder is the covered plastic or metal bead  120  attached to a seam  122  between two trim cover fabric pieces  124  and  126 . This bead assembly is also known as “listing” in the industry. In this example, the bead  120  is surrounded by a piece of non-woven covering  130  that retains the bead against the bottom of the seam  122  using stitching  132  (or another attachment mechanism). Collectively the diameter of the bead  120  and covering  130  define an outer diameter ODB approximately equal to, or slightly less than, the lateral width WB of the cavity  110 . Thus, in operation, an installer need only press the bead  120  down between the barbs  106  (arrow  140 ) so that the angled funnel tops of the barbs cause the legs  102  to spread, allowing the bead  120  to pass therebetween. Once the bead  120  passes fully between the barbs  106 , then the bead  120  is mechanically retained beneath the barbs  106  within the cavity, and the seam  122  (and facing cover  130 ), extend through the gap  112  to hold that particular part of the trim cover ( 124  and  126 ) against the clip  100 . 
     The clip includes a base  150  having a relatively thin cross section and an increased surface area adapted to act as an anchor within the (foam) substrate material  252 . As shown ( FIG. 2 ), the base is disposed beneath the surface of a trench  254 . The base is locked into the matrix of the substrate as a result of the molding process in which foam covers the base and adheres to the base&#39;s material. Typically, the clip  100  is mounted in the bottom of a trench  254  as shown. In this manner, sufficient setback is provided to allow the seam  122  to sink into the substrate for a taut fit against its surface. 
       FIG. 3  shows an exemplary vehicle seat foam cushion  310  according the prior art. A plurality of clips  100  are located along the trench at an appropriate degree of spacing so as to ensure that the bead of the trim cover defines a continuous, unsegmented shape. In the example of a seat bottom or back, approximately 12-30 clips may be needed to define a desired shape. In general, the tighter the curvature of the substrate, the smaller the clip spacing provided. The above-referenced published U.S. patent application contemplates that the spacing between clips can be regulated, in part, by providing fixed-space, flexible connectors between individual clips and molding such clips into the foam substrate with the predetermined spacing defined by the connectors. 
     The above-prior art clips typically constructed from a resilient material, which allows for the flexure imparted by insertion of the bead into their respective cavities. However, these clips should also adhere firmly to the foam or other resilient substrate material. Hence, the clip material should exhibit properties so that it appropriately adheres to the substrate so that it will not eventually detach under long-term use. 
     The process of inserting clips into a foam mold cavity, used for example to form seat parts, is typically a manual operation that is time-consuming, labor-intensive and sometimes subject to inaccurate placement. Clips are dispensed from inside loosely packed boxes, and each one must be individually picked, reoriented properly, and inserted into the appropriate location in the mold cavity for subsequent foam application thereover. This process contains inherent inefficiencies that the worker cannot fully overcome. Moreover, loosely packing ganged groups of clips, connected by intermediate connecting segments further complicates handling. It has been found that a loosely packed supply of ganged clips generally assumes a “bird&#39;s nest” entanglement that is extremely difficult to unravel. 
     Accordingly it is desirable to provide a system for dispensing clips that makes their orientation predictable, and handling more efficient. It is further desirable that the system entail minimal or no waste, and potentially allow for the placement of multiple “ganged” clips into the foam mold cavity at one time. The clips of this system should also display good general adhesion to foam so as to minimize subsequent detachment or pullout, while still withstanding normal cyclic loads and other stresses likely to be encountered in assembly and subsequent long-term use. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a single or multi-ganged clip that can be grouped into a festooned arrangement. That is, a plurality of clips are arranged together into a discrete assembly along a line of extension so that a human or automated handler can retrieve a grouping, separate one-clip-at-a-time from the grouping, and apply the separated clip to a mold cavity or other assembly structure. Each clip can include a base with opposing ends aligned in the direction of extension and transverse to an elongation direction for a connecting segment (if any) between ganged clip members. In an illustrative embodiment, these base ends include opposing male and female connectors. In this embodiment the male connector is a cylinder with an axis that extends transverse to the direction of elongation and the female connector defines a conforming cylindrical inner diameter, which allows it to nest over the male cylinder. A gap opening is provided at the far edge of the female connector to provide clearance for the base that connects the male cylinder to the clip member base end. This gap can be sized to allow a predetermined range of angular rotation of the male connector about its axis within the female connector. Clips can be stored as discrete groupings that are stacked in a container or paid out in a continuous grouping from a spool. 
     In an alternate embodiment, the male connector can be side braces that extend from the clip member&#39;s base end and thereby define a slot between the base end and the male cylinder. The female connector can be sized in lateral width and thickness to ride within the slot as the adjoining clips are angularly rotated with respect to each other. This arrangement affords a greater range or bending that can be useful in continuous feed implementations. The bases of clip members can be provided with holes that are engaged by a tractor pin-feed mechanism, or another drive formation can be provided to the clips. Any of the clips contemplated herein can be assembled into unitary or detachable multi-ganged arrangements of clip members separated by (narrowed) connecting segments. In a dual ganged configuration, male and female connectors on opposing clip members of a given clip can be located on opposite base end sides, thereby allowing clips to be attached to each other ambidextrously. 
     The above-described clips, and other types clips that are adapted to be mounted within foam, can be constructed from a material that reacts chemically with the foam in a liquid state. An illustrative material is polycarbonate, and it is expressly contemplated that other similar materials with needed heat-resistance, durability and (optionally) surface reactivity to liquid foam can be employed to construct clips and/or clip member bases in accordance with this invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, of which: 
         FIG. 1 , already described, is an exploded fragmentary perspective view of a trim cover bead and clip according to the prior art; 
         FIG. 2  is, already described, is a fragmentary side cross section of the clip and trim cover bead of  FIG. 1  mounted in an exemplary substrate trench; 
         FIG. 3 , already described, is a fragmentary perspective view of an exemplary substrate (a seat bottom) having a surrounding inboard trench with a plurality of clips molded thereinto and receiving a piece of a trim cover bead; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an exemplary festooned grouping of a plurality of dual-ganged clips according to an illustrative embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a single dual-ganged clip from the festooned grouping of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a side view of the clip of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a storage and dispensing box for use with predetermined-size festooned groupings of dual-ganged clips according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a storage and dispensing spool for use with continuous-run, festooned grouping of dual-ganged clips according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a partial side view of two layers of spooled clips in accordance with the embodiment of  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of an exemplary festooned grouping of a plurality of dual-ganged clips, adapted for greater angular deflection between clips, according to an alternate embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a side view of the festooned grouping of clips according to  FIG. 10  illustrating an increased range of possible angular deflection; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of an exemplary festooned grouping of a plurality of dual-ganged clips, employing a pair of flexible strips to which ganged clips are removable attached, according to an alternate embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a partial perspective view detailing a typical application of dual-ganged clips to a mold cavity according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a triple-ganged clip adapted to be assembled into a festooned grouping of variable size according to an alternate embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of a festooned grouping of single clips in accordance with an alternate embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a somewhat schematic exposed side view of a mold assembly used to form multi-ganged festooned clips in accordance with an embodiment of this invention, shown in a closed orientation; 
         FIG. 17  is a somewhat schematic side view of the mold assembly of  FIG. 16  shown opened so as to allow removal of an exemplary dual-ganged molded clip; 
         FIG. 18  is a partially exposed perspective view of an exemplary clip constructed from a material in accordance with an embodiment of this invention that exhibits chemical adhesion in contact with commercially available foam substances; 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of a storage and dispensing spool for use with a continuous run of an elongated arrangement of single-gang clips according to an illustrative embodiment; 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of the storage and dispensing spool of  FIG. 19  mounted at a drive assembly at an exemplary workstation; 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic diagram of a feed control system for use with the workstation of  FIG. 20  shown dispensing the clips from the spool of  FIG. 19 , including a loop sensor and a feeder for controlling the separation of a predetermined numbers of clips; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic diagram illustrating a sequence of steps related to an exemplary foam substrate molding process in which a predetermined number of the clips of  FIG. 19  are dispensed for assembly into the mold cavity according to an illustrative embodiment; 
         FIG. 23  is a side view of a plurality of joined of clips according to  FIG. 19  showing the profile geometry thereof; 
         FIG. 23A  is a fragmentary view of an illustrative clip according to  FIG. 9  showing application of a blade (e.g. a screwdriver tip) to spread the clip legs for detachment of a listing bead therefrom; 
         FIG. 24  is a top view of the plurality of joined of clips shown in  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 25  is a schematic top view of a detachment mechanism for separating predetermined numbers of clips from the overall joined arrangement; and 
         FIG. 26  illustrates the basic clip geometry of  FIGS. 23 and 24  in a dual-ganged arrangement. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 4  shows a festooned grouping  400  of dual-ganged clips  410  according to an embodiment of this invention. With reference also to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the clips  410  comprise a pair of opposed clip members  412  (also sometimes referred to herein as “clips”), joined by a central shaft segment  414 . Each discrete clip  410  in the festooned grouping is a unitary structure, with the clip members  412  and adjoining intermediate segment  414  being molded together as a single unit. As will be described below alternate forming techniques, such as extrusion are also contemplated. 
     The clips  410  of this invention can be constructed from a variety of materials, which will also be described in further detail below. In general, the material should be durable, capable of withstanding reasonable levels of heat and pressure and flexible so as to provide a good spring material. To this end, it is noted that each clip member  412  includes a pair of upright leg assemblies  416  extending from a generally planar, central base  520 , which define therebetween a gap  418 . This gap  418  allows insertion of the bead of a listing member (or other structure-to-be-secured) thereinto. In general, the legs are adapted to move elastically away from each other as a bead is passed through the gap. 
     Referring particularly to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the leg assemblies  416  each include a respective inwardly slanted hook or barb  420  that together help to guide and/or funnel the listing into the gap  418 . In addition, the barbs  420  each define an inner shoulder  610  ( FIG. 6 ) that restricts outward movement of the listing, or other structural member, once it is forcibly inserted though the gap  418 . The leg assemblies  416  are sized in thickness so that they exhibit a predetermined level of spring elasticity with respect to the central clip base  520 . The size and shape of the clip base is highly variable. While not shown, the central clip base  520  can include a reinforcing rib, or other reinforcing structure, which extends below the flat upper portion  632  to help prevent flexure and/or breakage of the base  520  as the leg assemblies  416  are spread apart in certain embodiments. Any additional base reinforcement, as well as the general perimeter shape of the base  520  (shown here as a basic rectangle) are adapted to provide needed surface area for adhesion to the foam substrate as will be described further below. The particular structure of the base and leg assemblies are both highly variable and a variety of reinforcing ribs, flanges and other structures can be appended to each clip member as appropriate. The degree of reinforcement depends, in part, on the strength and durability of the materials employed to form the clip and the environment to which the clip is exposed during assembly and subsequent use. 
     Notably, extending from opposite ends of the base  520  (in a direction transverse to the elongation of the segment  414 ) is provided a pair of attachment members or “connectors”  510  and  512 . In this embodiment, one attachment member  510  is an elongated cylindrical male connector and the opposing attachment member  512  is an open, semi-cylindrical female connector. The diameter DM of the male connector conforms relatively closely to the inner diameter DF of the female connector. In fact, DM can be slightly larger than DF in order to define a friction fit to maintain a given angular orientation between joined connectors  510 ,  512 . 
     As shown particularly in  FIG. 4 , on adjacent clip members  412 , each of the male connectors  510  is nested within a respective female connector  512  to define the depicted, festooned grouping of clips  400 . The open gap  530  in each female connector includes the spacing distance GS (see  FIG. 6 ) that is generally greater than the distance of the male connector base  640  (see  FIG. 6 ), which extends between the central clip base  520  and the body of the mail connector  510 . In this embodiment, the connector base  640  is a curved segment that positions the male connector slightly below the top plane of the central base  520 . As will be described below, the female connector gap GS allows for limited rotational movement of male connectors when nested within female connectors. For the purposes of this embodiment, the male connector diameter DM is approximately three millimeters. The female connector inner diameter DF is approximately three millimeters with a slight reduction in relative size to provide the desired friction fit. The gap distance GS is approximately two millimeters, while the thickness TF of the female connector  512  is approximately one millimeter. The width WC ( FIG. 5 ) of the male and female connectors is approximately eight millimeters. It is noted that these measurements are all exemplary and can be varied as appropriate depending upon the materials used and the application for the clip. In general, in the depicted applications, measurements such as width WC and diameter DM/DF can vary by several millimeters in alternate embodiments. The dimensions of the leg assemblies  416  are, likewise, highly variable. The leg assembly dimensions can be based upon the size and shape of the listing being engaged and other factors, such as the thickness of the foam substrate. The thickness TB of the base  520  is in a range of between approximately 1.5 to 2 millimeters in an exemplary embodiment. The thickness  640  of the male connector base is approximately one millimeter. This is sufficiently smaller than the gap distance DF for a female connector to allow the above-described rotational movement between clips, within a predetermined range of arcuate, rotational movement. 
     Referring further to grouping  400  shown in  FIG. 4 , it is noted that each dual-ganged clip  410  is provided with alternating female and male connectors  512 ,  510  (respectively) on a given side of the clip. In other words, as depicted, the left hand clip member includes a male connector  510 , while the right hand clip member includes a female connector  512 . In the exemplary dual-ganged arrangement, this ensures that each clip is “ambidextrous” with respect to adjacent clips. In other words, each clip can be attached to adjacent clips in either of two orientations. This, of course, assumes that all clips are assembled with leg assemblies  416  facing the same (upward) direction. In alternate embodiments, male connectors can both be disposed on the same clip side and female connectors can both be placed on the opposite clip side. Such clips would not exhibit the above-described ambidextrous capability. 
     In the depicted embodiment, a central enlarged tab  560  is provided along the connecting segment  414 . This tab is optional, and is, in part, a byproduct of the molding processors used to form the clip  410 . However, this tab  560 , as well as other structures on the clip  410 , can be used to provide an identifying mark (such as the depicted “X”), which may indicate information manufacturing date, lot number and/or other desirable data. The enlarged tab  560  may also assist a worker in grasping the given clip for assembly into a foam structure. Similarly, the clip may provide a useful grasping point for removal of the clip from a clip-formation mold using manual or automated possesses. 
     In this embodiment, the base  520  of each clip also includes opposing throughout holes  570 . These holes are optional, but can be sized and arranged so as to allow the clip segment to be driven by an appropriately sized and shaped tractor-pin-feed drive unit. Such a unit is particularly desirable where clips are fed in a continuous line, as will be described further below. 
     The number of clips grouped together, in accordance with the arrangement of  FIG. 4 , can be highly variable. In practice, an unlimited number of clips can be grouped together, thereby extending the group continuously along a line elongation (dashed line  450  in  FIG. 4 ) define a festooned grouping of clips that suits a given end user&#39;s needs. One possible arrangement of grouped clips of clips is shown in  FIG. 7 . As depicted, a box or crate  710  has been provided with four separated compartments  720  and an open top. Within each compartment  720  is a stack of festooned groupings of clips  730 . In this embodiment, each clip grouping  730  includes five interconnected, dual-ganged clips  410 . The actual number of connected clips in a stacked grouping is highly variable in alternate embodiments. The exemplary group of five festooned clips generally provides for an easily manipulated size and shape for the average worker. By providing an integral, assembled group of clips, it stacks easily with respect to other groups without the risk of entanglement between groups. This is, in part, because each line of assembled clip members essentially establishes a continuous, flat strip that lies squarely on the tops of the leg assemblies of the underlying group. Hence, each grouping is supported by the combined expanse of leg assemblies in the underlying group. This prevents birds-nest-style entanglement that would result from a loosely packed supply of individual dual-ganged clips. The walls of each compartment are sized to restrict lateral (aligned with the connecting segments) and front-to-rear movement of each grouping. The flat bases of the clips remain squarely positioned over the leg assemblies of the underlying group in the stack. 
     In the exemplary storage embodiment of  FIG. 7 , there are twenty-three layers of clip groups divided into four compartments. A worker can easily lift each group out as a single unit as needed. With proper sizing, the box  710  can be arranged to define a cube with an approximate dimension of twelve inches by twelve inches by twelve inches in an exemplary embodiment. Boxes having other sizes, shapes and compartment arrangements are expressly contemplated in alternate embodiments. 
     In use, a worker or mechanical device removes a grouping of clips  730  from the top of a stack in one of the compartments  720 . As needed each individual clip is then detached from the grouping by either (a) applying front-to rear tension to pull the clip away from the adjacent clip in the grouping pulling them apart (thereby spreading the female connector gap  530  and overcoming the spring force of each female connector, or (b) are sliding the clip laterally (in the direction of extension of the connecting segment ( 414 )) relative to an adjacent clip in the grouping. Lateral sliding requires less force in most instances, but may require more dexterity than simply pulling clips apart. In either case the material of the clip member and the dimensions of male and female connectors are adapted to allow application of reasonable force without causing the clips to break. Once separated, clips can be assembled into a mold cavity by hand, or automated action, as described generally below. 
     Because the novel system for allowing grouping of clips of this embodiment provides for an unlimited length and a moderate degree of angular rotation between assembled groupings of clips, the system lends itself to the provision of a long, continuous length of clips on a reel or spool. An exemplary spooled arrangement of clips is shown in  FIG. 8 . The spool  810  includes and open central core  820  that supports a continuous length grouping  830  of clip s  410  in accordance with an embodiment of this invention. Because the bases of the clips form a continuous surface, they rest fully supported over the leg assemblies of underlying clips without falling through the underlying clips. To help prevent entanglement, this embodiment, the spool  810  includes two closely fitting side flanges  840  that restrict axial movement of clips so that each layer of grouped clips remain squarely located over the leg assemblies of the underlying clip layer. 
     Also referring briefly to  FIG. 9 , the relationship between layers of stacked clips on a spool is shown in further detail. As depicted, each clip  410  is allowed to angularly deflect about a respective rotational axis  810  relative to an adjacent clip. The angular deflection (as defined by the relative orientation of the plane of each clip&#39;s base with respect to that of an adjacent clip&#39;s) of each clip with respect to an adjacent clip, in a spool arrangement, is determined by where the line of connected clips are with respect to the core  820 . The minimum diameter of the spool core is generally restricted by the maximum bend angle between adjacent, connected clips. The bend angle can be varied, in part, by varying the diameter of the male and female connections  510  and  512  and increasing the width GS of the female connector gap spacing  530 . However, angular deflection is essentially limited to a predetermined range that corresponds to a minimum core diameter in this embodiment. 
     An alternate embodiment for a clip  1010  is shown in  FIG. 10 . This clip  1010  also consists of a dual-ganged configuration with clip members  1012  on each of opposing ends of a narrowed, central joining segment  1014 . This clip  1010  includes similarly constructed leg assemblies  1016  to those described above with respect to the clip  410  for engaging an appropriately dimensioned listing bead. The female connector  1022  of each clip is sized and arranged similarly to the female connector  512  described above. However, the male connector  1030  for each clip member  1012  is arranged on a pair of forwardly extending side braces  1032  that define an open central well or slot  1034  between the central base  1040  of the clip member  1012  and the cylindrical body of the male connector  1030 . This well is sized and arranged so that, when a female connector  1022  is attached to a male connector  1030 , the female connector rides within the slot  1034 . In other words, the slot  1034  has a width in each of two orthogonal directions that is generally greater than the corresponding thickness and width of the female connector. 
     As shown further in  FIG. 11 , the relative arrangement of the male connector  1030  and female connector  1035  allows each clip connected to move rotationally within a substantial range of angular deflection (shown in phantom) to allow the line of connected clips to be wrapped around a small-diameter core. In this example, the connected clips may actually bend to relative angles (defined by the plane on each clip&#39;s central base  1040 ) in excess of 90 degrees (see double-curved arrow  1060 ). This added range of inter-clip angular deflection may also be beneficial where clips are likely to be fed along a continuous line that contains various turns and bends. Also, this arrangement may be beneficial where lines of clips are subjected to significant bending during manual handling. Over-bending of clips with a low-degree of tolerable angular deflection may otherwise cause their ends to break. 
     Another technique for providing a festooned grouping of clips is shown in  FIG. 12 . In this embodiment, the exemplary clips  1210  include two clip members  1212  joined by a unitary central segment  1214 . In this embodiment each clip member also includes opposing ends  1220  (in the direction of feeding/grouping-dashed lines  1218 ) that are free of any clip-to-clip connectors, or other like structures. A continuous flexible strip or tape  1230  underlies each clip member  1212 . The clip members  1212  are placed at a predetermined spacing SC along each strip  1230 . Each strip  1230  can carry a continuous coating of adhesive, or a concentrated adhesive spot  1240  that specifically underlies the location of each attached clip member  1212 . The adhesive can be any desirable industrial adhesive capable of removably securing the clip to the strip. Likewise, the strip  1230  can be constructed from paper, polymer sheet or any other synthetic/natural sheet material with the ability to flex and bend as shown. As clips  1214  are needed by a worker or automated device, they are torn from the strip, whereby the adhesive contact between the strip and each overlying clip member is broken. In alternate embodiments, one or more strips  1230  can be adhered to each clip between clip members, within the center region of the grouping, along, for example, the central segment  1214 . In still further alternate embodiments, a pair of confronting strips may sandwich the segments  1214 . In such an arrangement, clips can be removed by separating the two strips and withdrawing the clip therefrom in the manner of peeling a banana skin to withdraw the fruit. 
     While a tape or strip-base holding system has advantages in that it is highly flexible, it should be noted that this arrangement also provides an extra component that may add waste, and may become fouled in certain machinery. Thus, this embodiment may not be desirable in some instances. 
     With reference now to  FIG. 13 , a typical procedure for employing clips  410 , once they are removed from a festooned group is shown. In this embodiment, a portion of an exemplary foam cushion mold cavity  1310  is depicted. This mold cavity includes rails  1320  upon which ganged clips  410  are mounted. In particular, each clip member&#39;s leg assemblies  416  are passed over narrowed webs  1330  formed within breaks  1332  in the rails  1320 . As liquid foam is introduced to the mold cavity, the rails  1320  define trenches within the foam, such as those described above with reference to  FIG. 3 . The clips subsequently reside in the trenches with gaps between their legs exposed for insertion of listing. The rail webs  1330  provide accurate reference point for positioning clips during the molding process. They also prevent undesired movement of the clips while the foam is applied and cures. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , a worker&#39;s hand  1350  grasps a central segment  414  of the subject clip  410  and inserts it so that its leg assemblies  416  surround the web. The completed insertion is shown in the foreground of the illustration. When liquid foam is applied, it will surround and engage the clip members  412  and the central segment  414  so as to retain them with respect to the foam. As noted above, the particular materials employed to construct the clip  410  influence the effectiveness of the adhesion between the solidified foam and the embedded clip. In an alternate embodiment, it is contemplated that the process for insertion of single or ganged clips can be automated. One such automation technique is described with reference to rail clips. This process employs an end-effector that grasps and deposits clips onto a mold cavity. This process is described with reference to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/615,954 entitled CLIP FOR JOINING TUBULAR MEMBERS TO SUBSTRATES by Andrew W. Santin et al., the teachings of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. It should be clear that a variety of robotic and/or electromechanically techniques can be employed to affect automation of clip placements. Such automation can employ a continuous feed of clips from for example, a spool as shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     The above-described embodiments show and define a dual-ganged clip. A dual-ganged clip has certain advantages in particular applications. It allows for ambidextrous interconnection, is not so elongated as to flop or flex excessively and is relatively easy to manipulate. However, it is expressly contemplated that the number of ganged clip members on a given groupable clip structure can be greater or less than the two joined clip members  412  shown and described above. 
     Thus,  FIG. 14  details a triple-ganged clip  1410 . The three separated clip members  1412 ,  1414  and  1416  on this unitary clip  1410  are joined by intervening segments  1418  and  1420 . Each clip member  1412 ,  1414  and  1416  includes an associated male connector  1430  and female connector  1432 , which are generally similar in size and shape to the male connector  510  and female connector  512  described above. A three-ganged implementation lacks the ambidextrous capability of the above-described embodiments. However, such a three (or-more) ganged clip arrangement can be stored in a similarly festooned grouping (box or spool), and handled in a similar manner to those described above. 
     In another embodiment, a single clip member  1510  is shown in  FIG. 15  as part of a festooned grouping of single clips. This grouping includes male connectors  1520  engaging adjacent female connectors  1522 . These connectors define geometry similar to, or the same as that attached to the above-described clip members  412 . Single ganged and multi-ganged from multi-ganged clips can all be provided on an appropriately sized spool to be dispensed as needed to a worker or automated clip-placement device. 
     By employing appropriate manufacturing techniques, clips can be formed using extrusion, injection molding or other commercially available forming procedures. In a case of an extrusion, clips should be formed so that their features are relatively similar in an elongated direction. As the reader may surmise, such extrusion manufacturing procedures are readily employed for forming a single clip, such as that shown in  FIG. 15 . However, where the clip involves multiple-ganged clip members separated by narrow segments, extrusion may not provide the most effective forming technique. For such multi-ganged clips, an exemplary injection molding technique is, thus, detailed if  FIGS. 16 and 17 . As shown in  FIG. 16 , the liquefied material that, when solidified, forms the finished clip is injected into a mold cavity, which defines the clip outline (in phantom lines). This exemplary mold  1600  is defined by four engagable and disengageable pieces. A shown, the mold  1600  consists of a top section  1610  that generally defines the middle segment  414 , a bottom section  1620 , which forms the base of the clip, and two side sections  1630  that define the cavities for the corresponding clip member base and legs. 
     Once the liquid clip material has solidified within the mold  1600 , the mold sections  1610 ,  1620  and  1630  are withdrawn as shown in  FIG. 16  according to a defined order. In particular, the bottom section  1610  can be withdrawn first (arrow  1730 ). This is followed by withdrawal of the side sections  1630  (arrow  1720 ), and finally by withdrawal of the top section  1620  (arrow  1710 ). A completed clip  410  is, thus, reviled and ready for assembly into a festooned grouping. A variety of alternate mold geometries can be employed in alternate embodiments. 
     Note that it is contemplated that available part-forming techniques can be employed to mold (or otherwise form) a plurality of clips together in a festooned grouping that with the constituent clips already removably connected together. In other words an entire festooned grouping is molded together. In such a procedure, a thin liquid-impermeable boundary is established between male and female connectors as they are molded. When the side pieces of such a mold are removed, the previously separated male and female connectors are brought into contact with each other. At this time they are separate components and capable of rotating with respect to each other. 
     As described above, it is desirable to construct a clip in accordance with this invention using materials that exhibit durability, heat-resistance, and the ability to chemically bond with ordinary foams as used in commercially available seat cushions. Durability and heat resistance are particularly desirable as it is common for the temperature of foam to rise substantially during the molding process, which may melt and/or thermally deform clips constructed from certain materials. Clips may also be prone to breakage and deformation due to the application of roll crushers (which may be heated) to the foam cushion to aid in its formation. These rollers may undesirable crush clips that are constructed from weaker/less-durable materials. 
     With reference to  FIG. 18 , surface bonding of the clip member  412  relative to the overlying foam  1810  is illustrated. In a typical implementation, the foam has been removed from the region surrounding the clip to show a surface that has been etched due to the action of chemical bonding with the foam while it is in liquid form, as shown by the depicted roughened surface on the clip member  412  and adjoining segment  414 . The surface of a clip member can be relatively smooth, or can be provided with a variety of different types of surface textures and/or structures that increase bondable surface area. 
     It is contemplated that foams can typically comprise polyurethane compositions that are based upon methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene-diisocyanate (TDI), respectively representing the commercial application of so-called cold cure and hot cure foam technologies. Each of these types of foams have been shown to react chemically with certain types of hard polymers (plastics) during curing from a liquid to a solid state. A variety of materials possess these characteristics, and can be used to form clips. Some examples include, but are not limited to, nylon, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polycarbonate (PC) compounds. In particular, polycarbonate can be transparent, allowing defects to be detected, has excellent molding characteristics, allowing small features to be defined in parts and has superior heat-resistance, which better survives the exothermic effects of certain foams (in which temperatures can exceed 130 C), without melting or deforming under the pressure of a roll crusher. Polycarbonate is also quite durable and long-lived under cyclic loading. 
     In summary, the above-described single or ganged clips, which can be provided as a festooned grouping, afford a human or automated handler with a superior system for efficiently manipulating and placing clips in a mold or other mounting assembly. By selecting appropriate materials, these clips (and other clip types) are effectively and permanently adhered to foam by chemical adhesion. These materials can effectively resist heat and pressure during the molding process, and exhibit high long-term durability during use. 
       FIG. 8 , described above, illustrates an embodiment employing a spool having an open center core that supports a continuous festooned grouping of clips in a double-ganged arrangement. As further described with reference to  FIG. 9 , the stacked clips on the spool of  FIG. 8  are arranged with joints that enable the respective clips deflect about a respective rotational axis relative to an adjacent clip within a predetermined angular range. illustratively, the maximum angular range of deflection is sufficient to enable an overall deflection of connected clips that conforms to a diameter of the spool core. 
     According to a further embodiment,  FIG. 19  depicts a spool  1910  of somewhat conventional design (for example, for use in various manufacturing operations involving narrow webbings and weavings), which includes an open center core  1920  that supports a continuous-length arrangement (or “chain”)  1930  of removably interconnected clips. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 19 and 20  herein, the individual clips are not multi-ganged, and are removably interconnected into an elongated arrangement of “single-gang(ed)” clips. With reference also to  FIG. 20  the feed end  1931  of the elongated arrangement of continuous clips is shown. The spool  1910  includes two side flanges  1940  that restrict axial movement of clips outside of a predetermined number of side-by-side wraps. In this manner, each layer of grouped clips in the overall spooled chain is typically supported by the leg assemblies of the underlying clip layer in a manner that avoids (is free of) entanglement. This is in a manner similar to the layering described in  FIG. 9 . 
     As also shown in  FIG. 20 , the spool  1910  is mounted at a workstation  2010 , which selectively drives the spool to pay out a desired length of the chain of clips at the feed end  1931 . The workstation  2010  depicted in  FIG. 20  is a conventional spool drive system that employs a motorized drive assembly  2030  to rotate a drive shaft  2020 . The shaft carries a drive member  2040  that engages the side flange  1940  via a set of lugs  2042  that pass into corresponding slots in the flange. This conventional spool-drive arrangement is one of a variety of possible drive mechanisms that can be employed to advance/pay-out clips on a spool. For example, in alternate embodiments the spool core can be engaged by opposing hubs. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 21 , which illustrates a feed control system for that drives the spool  1910  to provide the interconnected clip arrangement  1930  to a clip dispenser/feeder mechanism  2120 . The spool  1910  is driven by the exemplary workstation  2010  in the depicted feed direction (arrow  2110 ). The feeder mechanism  2121  is located at the downstream end of the overall assembly and provides a predetermined number of clips in (festooned) segments (one clip, or a plurality of interconnected clips)  2155  to downstream location, such as the depicted bin  2150 . The feeder mechanism includes an appropriate feed drive (not shown) that should be clear to those of skill in the art. For example, a drive sprocket and/or an elastomeric belt can be used to drive the clips. The feeder mechanism  2120  is controlled by an electronic controller  2130  of appropriate parameters. The feeder mechanism  2120  draws clips from a free-hanging loop  2145  that extends between an upstream end of the feeder mechanism  2120  and the spool  1910 . A loop sensor  2140  detects the current height of the loop  2145  as illustrated at  2145 . In operation, the loop  2145  varies in height as the feeder mechanism  2120  draws lengths of the clip chain for dispensing. As shown, a loop height sensor  2140 , which can be optical, ultrasonic, a mechanical dancer, and/or any other implementation in accordance with skill in the art, monitors the loop&#39;s current height. As the loop becomes taut (for example the solid-line illustration of the loop  2145 ), due to the draw of the feeder mechanism, the loop sensor  2140  detects an increased loop height and signals the spool drive  2030  to feed a length of the interconnected clip chain from the spool  1910 . This causes the loop to sag downwardly as shown by the dashed line. When the height of the loop is sufficiently lowered, the loop height sensor  2140  signals the spool drive to cease operation. The process repeats as the feeder draws more of the chain. 
     As shown in  FIG. 21 , the system dispenses predetermined length (where length is defined generally by the number of interconnected clips) segments  2155  of clips. To regulate the segment length, and with further reference to  FIG. 25 , a detachment mechanism  2510  is provided. The detachment mechanism  2510  defines a “finger” that is sized to overlap only one clip at the end of a selected segment of clips. The finger translates in the direction of arrow  2520 , laterally/perpendicularly to the feed direction as shown. This translation causes the engaged clip (the rearmost clip of the selected segment to slide relative to the adjacent, directly upstream stream clip  1930 . The slidable removal of clips with respect to each other avoids the risk of breakage. 
     While clips that are dispensed in segments can be provided to a box, bin ( 2150  as shown) or other fixed/portable container, it is expressly contemplated that clips can be dispensed directly to a manufacturing location  2200  as shown generally in  FIG. 22 , which schematically represents a cushion molding “carousel”. As shown clips dispensed from the work station ( 2010 ) are dropped into an empty mold cavity  2210 . This cavity is one of a plurality of cavities  2210  that move (arrow  2220 ) through different stages of the overall molding process as shown. The precise number of stages and/or manufacturing stations is highly variable and the depicted process should be taken by way of example. 
     The feeder mechanism separates and drops clip segments  2155  of predetermined length into the empty cavity  2210  as shown. In a next stage a worker manually (hands  2230 ) separates the segments and places each separated clip  2310  at an appropriate location (e.g. well  2240 ) in the mold cavity. This process can also be performed robotically, or with a combination of human and robotic manipulation, all of which should be clear to those of skill in the art. In a manual process as shown, the use of segments allows the worker to avoid fumbling for individual clips, and rather allows him or her to hold a clip segment while efficiently stripping one clip at a time from the segment and place it in the cavity where needed. 
     Once the clips  2310  are all placed, the cavity is filled with liquid foam  2250  to a predetermined level. The tops of the clips  2310  remain exposed, for subsequent receipt of a listing bead, and their bases are embedded in the liquid. Then the cover  2260  of the mold is closed, applying appropriate heat and pressure. Finally, the cover  2260  is opened and a cured cushion  2270  with embedded clips is removed from the mold cavity  2210 . As each mold cavity is emptied, it eventually cycles back around to receive a new set of clip segments (one or more segments) from the feeder  2120 . 
     Note that the process depicted in  FIG. 22  can also be carried out using multi-ganged clips as described above. The general sequence of process steps is similar, with the worker removing a ganged clip assembly from a multi-ganged and festooned segment. 
     Reference is now made to  FIGS. 23 and 24  that show respective side elevation and top/plan views of a segment of festooned, single-gang clips such as the above-described clip segment  2155 . The clip segment can be constructed from a variety of materials. In general, and as described generally above, the material should be durable, capable of withstanding reasonable levels of heat and pressure during foam curing (as shown generally in  FIG. 22 ), and flexible so as to provide a appropriate elastic (spring) deformation. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 23 and 24 , the clip segment is comprised of a plurality of clip members  2310  each including a pair of upright legs  2320  extending from a generally planar, central base  2325  and defining between the legs a gap  2330 . This gap  2330  allows insertion of the bead of a listing member or other structure that is to be secured thereinto. In general, the legs  2320  are adapted to move elastically away from each other as a bead is passed through, and into, (snapped in) the gap  2330 . 
     As described in previous embodiments herein, each of the legs  2320  also includes a respective inwardly slanted hook or barb  2340 . These facing barbs  2340  together help to guide and/or funnel the listing bead into the gap  2330  during assembly of upholstery to the foam cushion. In addition, the barbs  2340  each define an inner shoulder that restricts outward movement of the listing, or other structural member, once it is biased through the gap. 
     Notably, extending from opposite ends of the base  2325  is provided a pair of attachment members or connectors  2350 . In this embodiment, one attachment member is an elongated cylindrical male connector and the opposing attachment member is an open, semi-cylindrical female connector. Similar connector arrangements are described above. It is along the interface between the male and female connectors that the detachment mechanism operates for separating a predetermined number of clip members to form the clip segment as illustrated in  FIG. 25 . 
     As also shown in  FIGS. 23 and 24 , the illustrative clips  2310  include an additional feature on the top of each barb  2360 , consisting of a transverse groove  2360 . This groove  2360  is shoulder that is sized and arranged for engagement by a screwdriver  2365  or other tip/blade. The tip of the screwdriver or other implement typically engages the groove  2360  for the purpose of outwardly flexing the associated leg  2320 . 
     Referring also to  FIG. 23A , which is a fragmentary perspective view of the legs and barbs of an illustrative clip, the groove  2360  is shown engaged by the tip  2330  of an exemplary screwdriver (shown in phantom). The groove  2360  is defined as a step on the top of each barb. The tip  2330  engages groove as shown, when biased, allows the leg to deflect outwardly, and away from the adjacent leg  2320 . Each of the adjacent legs  2320  is illustrated as having this stepped groove  2360  extending across the top surface of the barb. Thus either, or both legs, can be deflected outwardly in this manner, thereby allowing a listing bead to be removed from the clip through the widened gap when desired 
     According to a further embodiment,  FIG. 26  is a perspective view illustrating a pair of clip members  2610  that are interconnected (ganged together) using an shaft segment  2640  that is unitarily molded with the clip at each opposing end thereof. Each of the clip members  2610  is formed similarly or identically to the single-ganged clips  2310  described above. These clips, thus, each include includes a base  2612  and opposed respective female and male connectors  2650  and  2652 . Note that the connectors on each clip are oriented mal on one side and female on the other. In alternate embodiments, such as shown and described above, the male and female connectors can alternate sides on each end of the ganged clip assembly. From the base  2612  extends a pair of spaced apart legs  2620 . The clip members at either end of the connecting segment  2640  are otherwise substantially identical in construction. The top barb of each of the legs  2620 , includes a transverse elongated groove  2660  as described above. Again, this groove is provided for the purpose of receiving a screwdriver or the like implement useful in separating the associated leg. In this and other embodiments, the groove can extend over the entire width of the barb or a portion thereof. It can define a linear shape, as shown or define another shape—such as dished or angular, potentially allowing a tool to remain more centered on the barb. The two/multi-ganged arrangement shown in  FIG. 26  can be used as depicted (with segment intact) within a foam cushion mold cavity, or can be the first step in a manufacturing process for single-ganged clips—that is, the arrangement is molded unitarily as shown and then individual clips are separated from the segment, and formed together into long chains for placement on the above-described spool/roll. 
     The foregoing has been a detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the invention. Various modifications and additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope if this invention. Each of the various embodiments described above may be combined with other described embodiments in order to provide multiple arrangements of discrete features. Furthermore, while the foregoing describes a number of separate embodiments of the apparatus and method of the present invention, what has been described herein is merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention. For example, while clips can be constructed from a material that readily bonds to liquid foam, in alternate embodiments, all or part of the clip material can be relatively inert to foam and bonded by alternate mechanisms, such as adhesives or mechanical anchoring. In addition, it is expressly contemplated that any of the storage techniques, festooning arrangements and connector structures described above can be applied to clips of any number of ganged clip members (e.g. single, dual-ganged, triple ganged, etc.). Also, while clip members are joined by unitary segments of predetermined length according to illustrative embodiments, it is expressly contemplated that the segment connectors between clip members in a multi-ganged clip arrangement can be completely or partially removable from the clip members in the arrangement. As such, the segments can be variably sized to allow adjustment of the spacing between ganged clip members. Likewise, the clip members can be provided as a multi-piece unit with the clip legs (being potentially more durable) formed from a separate material with respect to the base (being illustratively more reactive to foam). Alternatively, a unitary clip with a multiplicity of co-molded or co-extruded materials can be formed. Furthermore, while male and female connectors in the depicted embodiments are generally cylindrical so as to facilitate angular rotation between adjoining clips, in alternate embodiments (where angular rotation is not desired) the connectors can each define a conforming, nesting, non-circular cross section (such as an oval, polygon, etc.). In such an embodiment, clips can be urged to maintain a predetermined angular orientation with respect to each other. This can be desirable for storage implementations, such as the box of  FIG. 7 . Moreover, while a particular male and female connector are provided to each clip member in the illustrative embodiments, the general term “connector” should be taken broadly to include genderless connectors that freely interconnect with each other regardless of orientation. Accordingly, this description is meant to be taken only by way of example, and not to otherwise limit the scope of this invention.