Patent Publication Number: US-6336453-B1

Title: Indicating device for aerosol container

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to an indicating device for indicating the number of metered dosages that have been dispensed from, or remain in, an aerosol container, and in particular, to an indicating device adapted to be mounted to the aerosol container. 
     Aerosol dispensing devices have been developed that include a dose indicating device to indicate the number of metered doses that have been dispensed from the device, or to indicate the number of doses remaining therein. For example, patients have certain conditions that can be treated with medicaments dispensed in an aerosol and administered to the patient by inhalation. In one format, the aerosol with medicaments are contained in a container, and dispensed in metered, or measured, dosages with an inhalation device, or actuator boot. In such an arrangement, it can be important for the patient to be able to ascertain the number of metered doses remaining in the container, either by an indication of the number remaining therein or by knowledge of the number already dispensed therefrom, such that the patient is not caught unaware with an empty container when in need of the medicament. Thus, it may be important for the inhalation device to provide an accurate indication of either the number of doses remaining in the container, or the number of doses already dispensed therefrom. 
     Typically, a conventional aerosol container includes a body and a valve stem which can be depressed relative to the body so as to emit the metered dose of aerosol and medicament. The container typically is supplied with a predetermined number of metered doses, generally on the order of about 200, such that the counting of the number of valve stem depressions, and corresponding number of dispensed metered doses, can be directly correlated with the number of doses remaining in the container. 
     In operation, the container is typically received within a housing of the inhalation device, wherein the valve is brought into engagement with a support block in the housing. The user administers the medicament by moving the container relative to the housing so as to depress the valve stem and internal valve and thereby release a metered dose, which is typically administered to the user through a port or mouthpiece extending from the housing. After the dose is administered, the valve stem, which is typically spring loaded, biases the container away from the support block so as to again move the container relative to the housing. In this way, a metered dose of medicament is administered by each cycle of linear reciprocal movement of the container relative to the housing. 
     Some actuator boots, or other devices attached to the medicament container, have indicating devices that convert the linear reciprocal movement of the container relative to the housing into a one-way, or single-cycle, movement of an indicator, wherein the indicator identifies the relative fullness of the container, the number of metered doses remaining therein or the number of doses already administered. Although these actuator boots with indicators, or separate indicator devices, have provided the advantage of generally being able to keep track of the number of dosages, there remains room for improvement. For example, indicating devices of this nature may include complex moving parts which can be difficult to assemble and expensive to manufacture. Such devices may also be susceptible to counting inaccuracies due to the configuration of the indexing or mating parts, or require excessive amounts of space within the housing to accommodate the relatively large or numerous moving parts. Others still may impede or interfere with the airflow and medicament being dispensed from the inhalation device. Alternatively, some devices use electrical circuitry to count or record the dispersements. Such devices can be relatively expensive to manufacture, however, and typically require a power source which may be susceptible to damage in various environments, such as moist conditions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Briefly stated, the invention is directed to an indicating device for indicating the number of metered doses that have been dispensed from or remain in a container. The container has a valve stem extending longitudinally therefrom; the valve stem being moveable between a closed position and an open position. The container dispenses a metered dosage when the valve stem is moved to the open position. The indicating device includes a base member adapted to be mounted to the container, a cap member moveably connected to the base member, an indicator member rotatably mounted to the cap member and a drive member adapted to rotate the indicator member an incremental amount upon a predetermined number of axial movements of the cap member relative to the base member. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the cap member is moveable relative to the base member along an axial path. The indicator member has a plurality of teeth and is rotatably mounted to the cap member about an axis substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. A drive mechanism, including the drive member, comprises a ratchet wheel rotatably mounted to one of the base member and cap member about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis defined by the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. The drive member is coaxially mounted with the ratchet wheel and a pawl is mounted to one of the cap member and base member. The pawl is selectively engaged with the ratchet wheel upon each axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member so as to rotate the ratchet wheel and drive member an incremental amount. The drive member is selectively engaged with at least one of the plurality of indicator member teeth upon a predetermined number of axial movements of the cap member relative to the base member such that the indicator member is rotated an incremental amount. 
     In another aspect, the indicating device comprises a first and second indicator member, with each of the first and second indicator members mounted to the cap member about an axis substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. The first indicator member selectively engages the second indicator member as the first indicator member completes a usage cycle, representing one complete use of the indicating device and attached container, so as to rotate the second indicator member an incremental amount. In a preferred embodiment, the first indicator member comprises dosage indicia indicating the number of doses that have been dispensed from or remain in the container, while the second indicator member comprises usage indicia indicating the number of usage cycles that have been completed for the indicating device, or the number of usage cycles remaining therefor. 
     In yet another aspect, the indicating device comprises a first indicator mounted to the cap member about an axis substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member and a second indicator member mounted to one of the cap member and the base member about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. In a preferred embodiment, both the first and second indicator members comprise dosage indicia indicating the number of doses that have been dispensed from or remain in the container, with the second indicator member rotating an incremental amount in response to each axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member and the second indicator member rotating an incremental amount upon a predetermined number of axial movements of the cap member relative to the base member. 
     In another aspect, the indicating device comprises a first and second indicator member mounted to the cap member about an axis substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member and a third indicator member mounted to the cap member about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. In a preferred embodiment, the first and third indicator members comprise dosage indicia, while the second indicator member preferably comprises usage indicia. 
     In yet another aspect, the indicating device comprises a reset member connected to one of the drive member and indicator member. The reset member can be rotated to move the indicator member relative to the cap member independent of any axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. 
     In another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for indicating the number of measured dosages dispensed from or remaining in the container. The method includes the steps of providing a housing for moveably supporting the container and providing an indicating device having a cap member, a base member and an indicator member rotatably mounted to the cap member. The method further comprises the steps of moving the cap member toward the base member so as to move the container along the longitudinal axis and thereby move the valve stem to the open position wherein a metered dosage is discharged, moving the cap member away from the base member, and moving the indicator member in response to the movement of the cap member relative to the base member. 
     Referring to a preferred embodiment, the method further includes the steps of engaging the ratchet wheel with the pawl upon one of the movements of the cap member toward and away from the base member and engaging the indicator member with the drive member so as to rotate the indicator member. 
     In yet another aspect, a method is provided for assembling a dispenser for dispensing metered dosages of medicaments from a container. The method includes the steps of providing a housing, disposing a container in the housing and mounting an indicating device to the container. 
     The present invention provides significant advantages over other aerosol dispensing devices and indicating devices used therewith. In particular, the indicating device can be separately manufactured and installed as needed on any number of conventional types of aerosol containers with little or no required modification to the container or housing. Moreover, the indicating device with its indicator member and drive mechanism is comprised of a relatively few, simple mechanical parts that are relatively easy to manufacture and assemble. In this way, the indicating device is made more robust and is less susceptible to damage when exposed to various adverse user environments. In addition, the drive mechanism and indicator member provide a reliable indicating device for indicating the number of doses dispensed from or remaining in the container, and the indicating device can be made in a relatively compact configuration that does not interfere with the use of the dispensing device. 
     The present invention, together with further objects and advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a top view of an indicating device having a viewing window. 
     FIG. 1A is a top view of the indicating device showing an alternative embodiment of the viewing window with indicia visible therethrough. 
     FIG. 1B is a top view of the indicating device showing an alternative embodiment of the indicia. 
     FIG. 2 is a side view of the indicating device being mounted to the top of a container shown in cross-section. 
     FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the indicating device with the viewing window positioned in the top of the cap member. 
     FIG. 3A is a top perspective view of the indicating device with the viewing window positioned along a side portion of the cap member. 
     FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the cap member with the indicator member mounted therein. 
     FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the cap member and indicator member shown in FIG.  4 . 
     FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the indicating device, including a base member, a cap member, an indicator member, a ratchet wheel and drive member and a spring. 
     FIG. 7 is a bottom perspective view of the cap member and indicator member of FIG. 6, with the indicator member mounted in the cap member. 
     FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view of the indicator member and cap member of FIG. 7 showing an engagement of the indicator member by the cap member. 
     FIG. 9 is a bottom perspective assembly view of the cap member, indicator member, ratchet wheel, drive member and spring shown in FIG.  6 . 
     FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the base member and the cap member with the drive mechanism and indicator member mounted therein. 
     FIG. 11 is a perspective assembly view of the indicating device shown in FIG.  10 . 
     FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the indicating device taken along line  12 — 12  of FIG. 11, wherein the cap member is in a fully extended position relative to the base member prior to the application of an axial force by the user. 
     FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the indicating device similar to FIG. 12 but with the cap member shown as moving toward the base member at an intermediate position of the stroke as indicated by the directional arrows. 
     FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the indicating device similar to FIG. 12 but with the cap member reaching the bottom of the stroke as indicated by the directional arrows. 
     FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the indicating device similar to FIG. 12 showing the cap member as it returns to the fully extended position relative to said base member as indicated by the directional arrows. 
     FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the indicating device taken through the middle of the indicating device and showing engagement members disposed in pockets formed in the base member. 
     FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the indicating device taken through the middle of the indicating device and showing an alternative return mechanism for the cap member. 
     FIG. 18 is a bottom view of the assembly of FIG. 9 (without the spring) at initial setting before a first actuation of the indicator device and container. 
     FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line  19 — 19  of FIG.  18 . 
     FIG. 20 is a bottom view of the assembly of FIG. 9 (without the spring) after the ratchet wheel and drive member have completed one revolution corresponding to a predetermined number of actuations. 
     FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line  21 — 21  of FIG.  20 . 
     FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial bottom view of the cap member and indicator member showing the indicator member having an indexing member engaging an indentation formed on the cap member. 
     FIG. 23 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of the indicating device. 
     FIG. 24 is a top view of the indicating device shown in FIG.  23 . 
     FIG. 25 is a cross-section view of the indicating device taken along line  25 — 25  of FIG.  24 . 
     FIG. 26 is a cross-section view of the indicating device taken along line  26 — 26  of FIG.  23 . 
     FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an indicating device with a reset device. 
     FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an indicating device with an alternative embodiment of the reset device. 
     FIG. 29 is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the indicating device with an alternative embodiment of the reset device and an adapter. 
     FIG. 30 is a bottom perspective view of the indicating device and adapter shown in FIG.  29 . 
     FIG. 31 is an exploded side view of an indicating device and adapter being applied to the bottom of a container supported in a dispenser housing shown in cross-section. 
     FIG. 32 is a side view of an indicating device having an adapter applied to the bottom of a container supported in a dispenser housing shown in cross-section. 
     FIG. 33 is a side view of the indicator member and a lock member in a disengaged position. 
     FIG. 34 is a bottom view of the indicator member and lock member shown in FIG.  33 . 
     FIG. 35 is a side view of the indicator member and lock member in an engaged position. 
     FIG. 36 is a bottom view of the indicator member and lock member shown in FIG.  35 . 
     FIG. 37 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an indicating device having at least one indicator member with dosage indicia and an indicator member with usage indicia. 
     FIG. 38 is an exploded perspective view of the indicating device shown in FIG.  37 . 
     FIG. 39 is a bottom perspective view of the cap member shown in FIG.  38 . 
     FIG. 40 is a bottom perspective view of a dosage indicator member shown in FIG.  38 . 
     FIG. 41 is a top perspective view of a usage indicator member shown in FIG.  38 . 
     FIG. 42 is a perspective view of a drive assembly and dosage indicator member shown in FIG.  38 . 
     FIG. 43 is a perspective view of the reset member shown in the indicating device shown in FIG.  38 . 
     FIG. 44 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an indicating device having indicator members with dosage indicia and an indicator member with usage indicia. 
     FIG. 45 is a bottom perspective view of the cap member shown in FIG. 44 with a usage indicator member installed therein and a dosage indicator member exploded out therefrom. 
     FIG. 46 is a bottom perspective view of a dosage indicator member shown in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 47 is a perspective view of a reset assembly shown in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 48 is a perspective view of the drive member shown in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 49 is a bottom perspective view of the usage indicator member shown in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 50 is a top perspective view of the usage indicator member shown in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 51 is a bottom perspective view of the cap member shown in FIG.  44 . 
     FIG. 52 is a cut-away perspective view of the reset member shown in FIG. 44 with the drive member in a disengaged position. 
     FIG. 53 is a cut-away perspective view of the reset member shown in FIG. 44 with the drive member in the engaged reset position. 
     FIG. 54 is a side view of a first and second dosage indicator member with the reset member and drive member in a disengaged position. 
     FIG. 55 is a side view of a first and second dosage indicator member with the reset member and drive member in an engaged reset position. 
     FIG. 56 is a top perspective view of a first and second dosage indicator member, a usage indicator member and a drive assembly. 
     FIG. 57 is a bottom perspective view of the base member shown in FIG.  38 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to the drawings, and in particular FIGS. 31 and 32, an aerosol dispenser is shown as including a housing  200 , or actuator boot, and a container  12  disposed therein. The housing has a longitudinally extending cavity  202  shaped to receive the container. A top portion of the housing is generally open such that the container can be inserted in the housing through opening  204  and be installed therein with a bottom end  14  of the container protruding from the housing so as to be exposed to the user for actuation. 
     The terms “longitudinal” and “axial” as used herein are intended to indicate the direction of the reciprocal movement of the container relative to the housing, and of an indicating device cap member relative to a base member. The terms “top,” “bottom,” “upwardly” and “downwardly” are intended to indicate directions when viewing the inhalation devices as shown in the Figures, but with the understanding that the container is inverted such that the top surface thereof is located adjacent the bottom of the housing and vice versa. Moreover, it should be understood that a user can use the container and dispenser in any number of positions, including but not limited to the preferred upright position shown in FIGS. 31 and 32. 
     As shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, a cylindrical support block  212  having a well  214  is formed in a bottom portion  206  of the housing. An orifice  210  penetrates the support block to communicate with a bottom portion of the well. In one embodiment, a mouthpiece  208 , intended for insertion into the mouth of a patient, forms an exhaust port  216  that communicates with the orifice and well. The mouthpiece  208  extends laterally from the housing so as to facilitate insertion of the mouthpiece into the mouth of the patient. 
     The container  12  is cylindrical and has a hub  16  disposed on a top surface  17  thereof. A valve stem  18  extends longitudinally from the hub. The valve stem extends coaxially from the container and is biased outwardly therefrom by a spring (not shown) mounted within the valve stem of the container. The container  12  is mounted in the housing by press fitting the valve stem  18  in the well  214  of the support block. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the container  12  is filled with a pressurized aerosol and medicament which is dispensed therefrom in specific metered doses by depressing or moving the valve stem  18  from an extended closed position to a depressed open position. A single metered dose is dispensed from the container by each reciprocal, longitudinal movement of the valve stem. 
     In operation, the opening of the valve stem is effected by moving the container  12  reciprocally within the housing  200  along a longitudinal axis, defined by the valve stem and the reciprocal movement of the container, by depressing the bottom end  14  of the container relative to the housing so as to move the valve stem  18  to the open position as it is supported within the well by the support block. As the valve stem is moved to the open position, the container dispenses a metered dose of aerosol and medicament through the well  214  and orifice  210 . The aerosol and medicament are then transmitted to the patient through the exhaust port  216  of the mouthpiece by way of either a self-generated or assisted airflow. 
     In other delivery systems, the housing and holder for the container are attached to a component having a chamber with an output end. Examples of these kinds of delivery systems are shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,803, issued May 7, 1991, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,460,412, issued Sep. 11, 1984, both of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. (No license, expressed or implied, is intended to be granted to either of these patents by reason of the incorporation by reference herein). In these kinds of delivery systems, the component having the chamber can be adapted to receive the mouthpiece of the housing, or it can be integrally connected with a holder supporting the container. In either embodiment, the metered dose of medicament in aerosol is first dispensed from the container into the chamber, and thereafter inhaled by the patient. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the container  12  is intended to dispense a predetermined number of metered doses of medicament. For example, conventional inhaler containers typically hold on the order of 100 to 200 metered doses. It should be understood, however, that the range of available doses could potentially vary from as few as one dose to as many as 500, or even more, depending, for example, on the capacity of the container, and/or the size of the metering dose valve. In operation, it can be important for the patient to be aware of the number of metered doses remaining in the container such that the patient is not caught unaware with an empty container when in need of the medicament. 
     Now generally referring to the Figures, a dose indicating device is shown. The indicating device  10  indicates the number of metered doses that have been dispensed from or remain in the container. As shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3A and  10 - 11 , respectively, the indicating device  10 ,  200 ,  500  includes an indicating device housing comprised of a cap member  20 ,  220 ,  520  disposed in a base member  40 ,  540 . The base member  40  is configured such that it can be mounted to the bottom of the container  12 . In a first embodiment, shown in FIGS. 2,  6  and  12 - 17 , the base member includes a convex, or curved bottom portion  50 , or floor, which is shaped to be received in and to mate with the bottom end  14  of the container, which has a concave or inwardly curved contour (see FIG.  2 ). The base member  40  is preferably bonded to the bottom of the container with adhesive, double sided tape, or similar bonding agent. As shown in FIGS.  6  and  10 - 15 , a circumferential skirt member  94  extends upwardly from the base portion to form a cavity  96 . 
     Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 25, the base member  140  includes a bottom portion  150 , a downwardly depending circumferential skirt  152  and an upwardly depending circumferential skirt  156 . Depending skirt  152  forms a recess or cavity  154  which is shaped to receive the bottom end of the container. The base member is mounted on the container either by bonding one or more of the bottom portion or skirt to the container, or by press fitting the container in the cavity  154  so as to provide an interference fit between the container and the depending skirt. The upwardly depending skirt  156  and bottom portion form an upper cavity  158  overlying the lower cavity  154 . 
     In yet another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 29-32, an adapter member  90  is attached to one of the above-mentioned base members by way of bonding, an interference fit, a snap fit, or a threadable engagement. The adapter member  90  preferably has a cylindrical configuration and comprises a circumferential skirt  92  that is shaped to receive the bottom end of the container. Again, the adapter can be mounted to the container by way of bonding, an interference fit, or both. Adapters having different internal diameters can be provided such that a single indicating device having a modular base member can be mounted on various aerosol containers having a variety of outer diameters. 
     Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 57, the base member  1040  includes a downwardly depending circumferential skirt  1152  forming a recess  1154 . The skirt  1152  includes one or more steps  1155  or shoulders, which form various inner diameters in the base member  1040 . In this way, a single base member  1040  can be used with containers having different diameters. It should be understood that although only one step is shown, so as to thereby form two inner diameters on the skirt  1152 , the base member could be configured with additional steps so as to provide a plurality of various inner diameters dimensioned to receive various containers by way of a friction fit. The skirt  1152  is also configured with a plurality of cut-outs, or slits  1153 , which permit enhanced air flow around the base member in embodiments where the base member may be in close proximity to the area where the medicament or aerosol is being dispensed. 
     Although the disclosed container and indicating device, and in particular, the cap member and base member, are shown as preferably having a circular cross section, those skilled in the art should understand that the container and indicating device, including any adapter, can be configured in other shapes, including for example, but not limited to, a rectangular or triangular cross-section. 
     As best shown in FIGS. 1,  1 A and  1  B, the cap member has a top portion  52  with a viewing window  34 ,  59  formed therein. Preferably, the cap member is circular and the viewing window is formed in the top portion adjacent the outer periphery of the cap member so as to overlie indicia applied to the top of an indicator member supported beneath the cap member. The viewing window can be configured in a number of various shapes. For example, the viewing window  34  can be tapered as shown in FIG. 1, or it can be an arcuate shaped window  59  bounded by coaxial inner and outer curved borders  57 ,  58  and radial side borders  56  as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. The top of the cap member preferably has a plurality of raised portions  54  forming a grippable pattern for the user&#39;s thumb, or finger. In this way, the user can firmly press down on the cap member without slippage. One of skill in the art should recognize that other patterns or grippable surfaces, such as a knurled pattern, can be applied to the cap member to facilitate the use of the indicating device. 
     Referring to FIGS. 4,  6 ,  38  and  44  the cap member  20 ,  220 ,  1020 ,  2020  comprises a circumferential skirt  92 ,  292 ,  1092 ,  2092  depending downwardly from the top portion  52 ,  252 ,  1052 ,  2052 . The skirt preferably has a smaller diameter than the upwardly depending skirt of the base member, such that the cap member skirt nests within the upwardly extending skirt of the base member. Alternatively, the cap member can be configured with a skirt having a larger diameter than the skirt of the base member such that the base member skirt nests in the cap member skirt. The cap member  20 ,  220 ,  1052 ,  2052  is moveably mounted to the base member  40 ,  1040 ,  2040  by way of a snap fit. 
     In particular, as shown in FIGS. 5,  6 ,  7 ,  9 ,  10 ,  16 , and  44  the cap member includes a plurality of engagement members  28 ,  228  extending from an outer circumferential surface of the skirt. The cap member is inserted axially within the recess or cavity  96  of the base member such that the engagement members  28 ,  228 , which have a tapered surface, slide past the rim  42  of the base member skirt until the engagement members are disposed in a plurality of pockets  43  formed along the inner circumferential surface of the base member skirt to form a snap-lock fit. In particular, the upper surface of the engagement member engages an engagement surface  45  defining the top of the pocket. In this way, the cap member is moveable with respect to the base member along an axial, or longitudinal, path. Alternatively, the rim of the base member can be curved slightly inward such that the engagement members engage the inwardly curved rim portion so as to prevent the cap member from being separated from the base member. 
     The axial movement of the cap member  20 ,  220 ,  1020 ,  2020  relative to the base member  40  is bounded or constrained by the engagement of the engagement members with the top of the base member pockets (or the base member rim) at a fully extended position and by engagement of a bottom rim  21 ,  221 ,  1021 ,  2021  of the cap member skirt with the upper surface of the bottom portion at the bottom of the stroke as shown for example in FIGS. 12-15. One of skill in the art should understand that the engagement members can alternatively be formed on the base member skirt so as to engage pockets or openings, or a rim (or like protrusion), formed on the cap member skirt. 
     As shown in FIGS. 6,  9 ,  16  and  17 , a spring  100  is disposed between the cap member and the base member. The spring is preferably disposed in a downwardly extending hub portion  30 ,  230  of the cap member (shown in FIGS. 4 and 6) and an upwardly extending hub portion  44  (shown in FIGS. 10,  16  and  17 ) of the base member, which are received one in the other. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 25, a spring  300  is disposed between the cap member and base member and is of such a size that the coils are positioned adjacent the inner circumferential surface of the cap member skirt  392 . The spring  100 ,  300  functions as a return mechanism and biases the cap member  60 ,  260 ,  360  upwardly in the base member such that the engagement members  28 ,  228  of the cap member engage the upper portion of the pockets of the base member. Although a compression spring is shown in the Figures, it should be understood that a belleville washer, cantilever, torsion, leaf and/or tension springs would also work to bias the cap member upwardly into engagement with the base member. The springs can be made of metal or plastic. 
     As shown in FIGS. 4,  5 ,  16 ,  17  and  45 , the return mechanism acting between the cap member and base member includes a plurality of resilient arm members  400 ,  2400  extending downwardly from the cap member. As the cap member is moved toward the base member, one or more of the arm members engages a ramped biasing surface  402  formed along an outer portion of the hub portion  44 . The ramped biasing surface biases one or more of the resilient arm members outwardly as the cap member moves toward the base member. As shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, six arm members  400  are arranged circumferentially around the hub portion  30 . Alternatively, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 39, six arm members  1400  are arranged in an “X” pattern around the hub  1030  so as to conserve space and provide additional room under the cap member  1020 . Corresponding ramps, or ramped biasing surfaces are similarly arranged in the base member  1140 . 
     The resilient arm member(s) act as cantilever springs to bias the cap member away from the base member when the cap member is released by the user. One of skill in the art should understand that the resilient arm members can also be formed on the base member so as to engage a ramped surface formed on the cap member. One of skill in the art should also understand that the spring and resilient arm members can be used together, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, or separately. In addition, it should be understood that one or more arm members and/or ramps may be used, with the size and shape of the arm member and/or ramp members being modified to provide more space between the cap member and base member. 
     As shown in FIGS. 4,  6 , and  44  a key member  32 ,  232 , or alignment rib, extends radially from the cap member hub portion  30 ,  230 . As shown in FIG. 10, a key hole  47 , or slot, is formed in a radially extending portion of the hub portion  44  of the base member. The slot extends radially from the opening in the hub portion. During assembly, the key member of the cap member is received in the key hole of the base member so as to prevent rotation therebetween. 
     Referring to the various embodiments of FIGS. 4-9,  12 - 15 ,  38 ,  40 , and  44 - 46 , a dosage indicator member  60 ,  260 ,  1060 ,  2060  is rotatably mounted in the cap member  20 ,  220 ,  1020 ,  2020  about an axis substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. The indicator member is generally open in the middle and includes a top portion  76 ,  276 ,  1076 ,  2076  having an upper surface that rotatably slides along a bottom surface of the top portion of the cap member. Alternatively, the indicator member can be mounted on the outside of the cap member with a viewing window formed in the indicator member for viewing indicia applied to the top of the cap member. 
     As shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 5,  6 ,  38  and  44 , the indicator member  60 ,  260 ,  1060 ,  2060  includes a circumferential skirt  74 ,  274 ,  1074 ,  2074  depending downwardly from the top portion. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 8, a plurality of protrusions  26 ,  226 , or engagement tab members, extend from an inner circumferential surface of the cap member skirt and engage a rim  64 ,  264  formed on the bottom of the indicator member skirt. Alternatively, the indicator member can include an engagement member, or rim, that engages a groove or similar opening in the cap member. In this way, the indicator member is secured to the cap member so as to prevent axial movement therebetween but where the indicator member is permitted to rotate relative to the cap member. The indicator member is installed by snap-fitting the indicator member within the cap member. One of skill in the art should understand that the indicator member could alternatively be rotatably mounted on the cap member hub portion (having a portion of the key member cut away), or on a similar axle secured to the cap member. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, a plate member  380  holds the indicator member  360  against the inner surface of the top portion of the cap member, wherein the spring  300  engages a bottom surface of the plate member  380  to bias a top portion  398  of the plate member against the cap member and the cap member away from the base member. The indicator member  360  is nested in the recess formed between an outer flat portion of the plate member and the bottom surface of the cap member. Referring to FIG. 26, the drive assembly is mounted to the plate member  380  by inserting axle  384  through openings in downwardly extending walls  388  of the plate member. An enlarged portion  396  on the end of the axle engages one of the walls, while the ratchet wheel  382  and drive member  386  are mounted to the other end of the axle to complete the assembly. A top portion of the plate member abuts the cap member. 
     As shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 4-9,  40  and  46  the indicator member  60 ,  260 ,  1060 ,  2060  has a plurality of inwardly facing teeth  66 ,  266 ,  1066 ,  2066  formed around the inner circumference of the skirt. As shown in FIGS. 5,  6 , and  40 , the teeth are preferably formed about only a portion of the circumference, such that a gap  1061  is formed therebetween. 
     Alternatively, as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 25 and 26, the indicator member  360  has a plurality of teeth  366  formed radially inwardly about an inner rim of an opening formed in the indicator member, which is configured as a relatively flat ring that does not include a skirt. In yet another embodiment, shown in FIG. 29, the plurality of teeth  466  extend axially downwardly from a ring-like indicator member  460 . 
     As shown in the embodiments of FIGS.  5  and  44 - 46 , the indicator member  60 ,  2060  includes a plurality of indentations  68 ,  2068  formed about the outer circumferential surface of the skirt  74 ,  2074 . The cap member includes a pair of upwardly extending resilient indexing members  22 ,  2022  each having an end portion that engages one of the indentations so as to releasably engage the indicator member and prevent rotation therebetween. The angular distance between the indentations  68 ,  2068  is substantially the same as the angular distance between the plurality of indicator member teeth  66 ,  2066 . In this way, the indexing member selectively engages the next indentation upon each incremental advancement of the indicator member defined by the distance between adjacent teeth. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 46, the indentations are preferably formed as ratchet teeth which only permit one-way rotation of the indicator member  2060  relative to the cap member. 
     Alternatively, as shown in the embodiments of FIGS.  6  and  38 - 39 , the indentations and indexing member are reversed, i.e., the indentations  224 ,  1224  are formed about an inner circumferential surface of the cap member skirt and, and shown in FIG. 6, an indexing member  270  depends downwardly from the indicator member in a void formed in the skirt of the indicator member, or, as shown in FIG. 38, a pair of index members  1270  are configured as flexible arms formed along a rim portion  1078  along the bottom edge of the skirt  1074 . In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 38,  39  and  40 , the interaction between the index members  1270  and the indentations  1224 , which are preferably shaped as ratchet teeth, function to index the indicator member by holding it in place between actuations of the cap member and also to prevent the backward rotation of the indicator member  1060 . It should be understood that one or more index members can be engaged with a plurality of indentations, preferably formed as ratchet teeth, to control the rotational movement of the indicator member, regardless of whether the index members or indentations are formed on the cap member or the indicator member. 
     In yet another alternative, shown in FIG. 26, the plate member  380  includes a resilient indexing member  370  that engages one of the plurality of teeth  366  to selectively engage the indicator member so as to prevent the inadvertent rotation thereof. Alternatively, the indexing member can extend from the cap member. 
     As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, dosage indicia  72 ,  172  in the form of numbers or color codings are provided on the top surface of the indicator member and are visible to the user through the viewing window  34 ,  59  provided in the top of the cap member. Alternatively, as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 24 and 26, a zero is positioned adjacent a rectangular viewing window  334 , preferably by permanent etching, to indicate a multiplication by ten of the indicia visible in the viewing window. One and two digit indicia  372  are formed on the top of the indicator member  360  such that a three digit number is indicated to the user. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, the viewing window  534  is formed in an upper portion of the downwardly depending circumferential skirt  592  of the cap member. The indicia are applied to the outer circumferential surface of the indicator member skirt  574  so as to be visible through the window. In this embodiment, a rim  542  of the base member is preferably scalloped in alignment with the viewing window  534  to provide an unobstructed view of the indicia and to inform the user as to the location of the viewing window. 
     One of the skill in the art should understand that other indicia indicating the number of doses remaining in or dispensed from the container would include, but not be limited to, various alpha-numerical characters, words, terms or phrases (such as “full” and “empty”), scales, grids, arrows, raised portions, indentations, color coding and segmentation, shading and like markings, or any combination thereof. For example, a segmented color grid  172  displayed in the viewing window (as shown, e.g., in FIG. 1B) could turn from green, indicating a full container, to yellow, indicating an intermediate capacity, and finally to red, indicating an empty container. It should also be understood that the indicia can be formed integrally with the counter member, or applied thereto by means of paint, dye, etching, pad printing, hot stamping or adhesive labels. When using numerical indicia, the numbers can be arranged to go from 0 (or some beginning number) to the predetermined number of available doses such that a display of that number to the user indicates that the container is empty, or, conversely, to go from the starting predetermined number to 0 (or some ending number), which again indicates to the user that the container is empty. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the indicator member is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (“ABS”), which is receptive to certain alternative processes of printing or applying the indicia, including pad printing and hot stamping. The cap member and base member are preferably made of a hard plastic material such as Acetel. 
     Referring to FIGS. 5-9 and  12 - 18 , a drive mechanism is shown as including a drive assembly. The drive assembly includes a ratchet wheel  82  coaxially mounted to a drive member  86  on an axle  84 . The ratchet wheel, drive member and axle can be made separately, with the ratchet wheel and drive member then mounted on the axle, or all three parts can be integrally molded as a one-piece component. The drive assembly is preferably made of hard plastic material such as Acetel. 
     In an alternative embodiment, shown in FIGS. 38 and 42, the drive assembly further includes a second dosage indicator member  1800  coaxially mounted with and between the drive member  86  and ratchet wheel  82 . The indicator member  1800  is configured as a wheel and preferably includes dosage indicia positioned around the peripheral surface  1802  thereof. Preferably, the indicia are comprised of consecutive numerals running from 0 to 9. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 44, the drive assembly includes a ratchet wheel  82  coaxially mounted with an indicator member  1800 . The drive member  86  is formed separately from the ratchet wheel and indicator member and includes a single tooth  89  that is dimensioned to be received in a groove  1801  formed in a collar  1082  extending axially from the indicator member  1800 . The tooth  89  of the drive member  86  is received in the groove  1801  of the collar and can be moved axially with respect to the collar, ratchet wheel and indicator member. 
     The ratchet wheel  82  includes a plurality of teeth  88  (preferably ten) formed around its periphery. Each of the teeth includes an engagement surface  89  and a tapered surface  87 . As noted above, the drive member  86 , whether integrally formed with the ratchet wheel or separately connected thereto, includes a single tooth  89  extending radially from the axle  84 , or drive member collar. 
     In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5,  6  and  45 , the drive assembly is mounted to the cap member by engaging opposite ends of the axle  84  with downwardly extending hub portions  36 ,  236 ,  2236  such that the axle, ratchet wheel and drive member rotate about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member and to the axis of rotation of the indicator member. Alternatively, the drive assembly can be mounted to the base member in a similar manner. 
     Alternatively, as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 38-39, the axle  84  is received in a single hub  1036 , or flexible snap enclosure rib. In this embodiment, the drive assembly further includes a ramp  1083 , which ramps up to a plurality of radially extending teeth  1085  formed around the rotational axis of the drive assembly. A larger diameter axle  1084  extends outwardly from the teeth. A reset member  1106  includes a grippable wheel portion  1107  and a collar  1109  that is dimensioned to be received in an laterally facing opening  1302  formed in the skirt of the cap member. A bearing support  1300  is formed around the periphery of the opening so as to provide support for the collar. The reset member  1106  further includes four flexible, resilient fingers  1304  extending axially from the collar  1109 . Each finger  1304  includes an engagement portion  1306  extending radially inward from the end of the finger. The engagement portion is shaped to engage one of the teeth  1085  formed on the drive assembly. A protrusion  1308 , or rib, is formed on one of the fingers so as to extend radially outward therefrom. The protrusion  1308  acts as a drive portion and engages a downwardly depending protrusion  1310  formed on the bottom of the indicator member adjacent the gap  1061  formed between the teeth on the indicator member, as shown in FIG.  40 . Preferably, the protrusion  1310  is positioned so as to be at the angular midpoint between the two teeth spanning the gap. 
     As shown in FIGS. 12-15, the drive mechanism further includes a pawl member  48 , shown as a flexible rod or finger, which extends upwardly from the bottom portion of the base member and selectively engages one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel. Alternatively, the pawl member can be moveably secured to the cap member and extend through the base member to engage the top of the container, such that the axial movement of the cap member toward the container causes the pawl to move toward the ratchet wheel and engage one of the teeth thereon as described below. A non-return member  238 , also shown as a flexible rod or finger, extends downwardly from the top portion of the cap member and selectively engages another of the teeth  88  of the ratchet wheel. It should be understood that the pawl member could alternatively extend from the cap member (and the non-return member from the base member) when the drive assembly is mounted to the base member, as described above. 
     In operation, as shown in FIGS. 12-21, the user depresses the cap  220  member from a fully extended position (see FIG. 12) toward the base member such that the cap member bottoms out in the base member at the bottom of the stroke (FIG. 14) and such that the base member imparts an axial load on the container until a metered dosage is dispensed therefrom. In a preferred embodiment, the biasing force of the spring  100  (shown in FIG.  6 ), or alternative return mechanism such as the resilient arm members which act as springs, is less than the biasing force of the spring located in the metering valve of the container, such that the cap member first bottoms out in the base member with the container then being moved downwardly in the housing until a metered dose is dispensed. 
     Referring to FIGS. 12,  13  and  14 , as the cap member  220  is depressed toward the base member  40 , the pawl  48  selectively engages the engagement surface  89  of one of the ratchet wheel teeth and rotates the ratchet wheel. The tapered surface  87  of one of the teeth formed on the ratchet wheel simultaneously biases the non-return member  238  outwardly until it selectively engages the next tooth near the bottom of the stroke. The user then releases the cap member wherein after the spring  100  (shown in FIG.  6 ), or similar return mechanism, biases the cap member  220  away from the base member  40  until the engagement member engages the base portion at the top of the stroke as shown in FIG.  15 . When the cap member is released by the user, the container is biased upwardly within the housing along the longitudinal axis such that the valve stem is moved to the closed position within the container. Simultaneously, as the cap member is released and allowed to move away from the base member, the pawl  48  is biased outwardly by the tapered surface  87  of one of the teeth on the ratchet wheel as the non-return member  238  prevents a backwards rotation thereof so as to maintain a unidirectional rotation of the ratchet wheel. At the top of the stroke (shown in FIG.  15 ), the pawl  48  is again placed in position for selective engagement with one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel. In this way, the ratchet wheel  82 , and connected drive member  86  (shown in FIGS.  18 - 21 ), are advanced an incremental amount for every actuation of the container and the attendant release of medicament. The incremental amount is defined by and dependent on the number of teeth formed about the periphery of the ratchet wheel. When formed with ten teeth, as shown in the preferred embodiment, the ratchet wheel will make one full revolution for every ten actuations of the indicator device and container, or a tenth of a revolution for each actuation. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the ratchet wheel can be provided with various numbers of teeth formed about its periphery such that the more or less axial movements or actuations of the container are required to make one full rotation of the ratchet wheel. 
     Alternatively, the operation of the ratchet wheel can be reversed. In this embodiment, the pawl is biased outwardly by the tapered surface of one of the ratchet wheel teeth on the downstroke. At the bottom of the stroke, the pawl is biased into engagement with one of the teeth. When the cap member is released by the patient, the spring, or equivalent return mechanism, biases the cap member upwardly within the base member along the longitudinal axis such that the pawl member engages one of the teeth and thereby rotates the ratchet wheel an incremental amount. In this embodiment, the non-return member maintains the rotational position of the ratchet wheel on the downstroke. 
     As shown in FIGS. 18-20,  38  and  44  the drive member  86  is shown as preferably having a single tooth  89  or segment. Therefore, upon every tenth actuation, the drive member  86  is rotated such that the tooth selectively engages one of the teeth  266  formed on the indicator member so as to rotate the indicator member an incremental amount. The incremental amount of rotation is defined by the distance between adjacent teeth, otherwise defined as the circular pitch of the teeth. In this way, the drive member is selectively engaged with at least one of the teeth of the indicator member after and upon a predetermined number of axial movements of the cap member relative to the base member so as to rotate the indicator member the incremental amount. The predetermined of number axial movements required to cause the indicator member to rotate is defined by and dependent upon the reduction ratio of the ratchet wheel and drive member, which, in turn, is defined by dividing the number of teeth formed on the ratchet wheel by the number of teeth formed on the drive member. For example, as shown in the preferred embodiment, a ratchet wheel having ten teeth and a drive member having one tooth will result in an incremental movement of the indicator member, otherwise defined as the advancement of one tooth of the indicator member, upon every ten axial movements. Similarly, if the drive member had four teeth, and the ratchet wheel twenty, the predetermined number would equate to five axial movements, and so on. A one-to-one gear ratio would result in a predetermined number of one axial movement, wherein the indicator member would be moved upon every axial movement. 
     Referring to FIG. 19, the indicator member  260  and drive member  86  are shown prior to an initial actuation or use by the user. In particular, the drive member tooth is positioned adjacent the first tooth  266  on the indicator member. In this embodiment, wherein the ratchet wheel comprises ten teeth, ten actuations are required before the tooth  89  engages the first tooth  266  on the indicator member as shown in FIG.  21 . At this point, the indicator has completed a single cycle equal to the number of predetermined number of axial movements, which results or culminates in the incremental movement of the indicator member. The cycle is then repeated (by again making the predetermined number of axial movements) so as to again culminate in the incremental movement of the indicator member. Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 1A,  3 A,  24  and  26 , numerical indicia (including numbers and dots) are applied in increments of ten to correlate to the preferred embodiment requiring ten axial movements for one incremental advancement of the indicator wheel. 
     The ratchet wheel and drive member with their reduction ratio provide a simple but reliable mechanism for advancing the indicator member. In particular, the indicator member can be made with fewer teeth than if it were required to advance upon every actuation of the indicator member and container. For ease of manufacturing, it is desirable to provide as coarse a pitch on each of the indicator member and ratchet wheel as possible, although the gears are still defined as fine-toothed gears. However, it is also intended that the indicator member make only a single revolution (single-cycle) corresponding to a complete evacuation of medicament from the container. Thus, when a large number of doses (on the order of 200 or more) are contained within the container, it is important for the ratchet wheel and drive member to provide a relatively high reduction ratio, such that 200 linear reciprocal movements of the cap member and container correspond to one or less revolutions of the indicator member. As such, the indicator member can be made with coarser teeth at less cost. In addition, larger coarser teeth interacting with a relatively large drive member tooth helps to improve the accuracy of the device as those parts mesh. In addition, the mechanism, and its attendant reduction ratio, permits the indicator member to make only a single revolution during the life of the container, i.e., until it is emptied, even when the container contains a relatively large number of metered doses (on the order of 200 or more doses). This single revolution corresponds to a usage cycle, which is defined as the movement of the dosage indicator from an initial reading, which indicates that the container is full, to a final reading, which indicates that the container is empty. Of course, the indicator member, if initially set to a smaller number of dosages, may make less than a complete revolution in completing a usage cycle. 
     In the alternative embodiments shown in FIGS. 38 and 44, the viewing window  1034 ,  2034  is large enough such that the first and second dosage indicator members  1060 ,  2060 ,  1800  with their indicia are visible therein. In the operation of these embodiments, the indicator member  1800  rotates with each actuation of the cap member  1020 ,  2020  relative to the base member  1040 ,  2040  as the ratchet wheel  82  is driven by the pawl member. The indicator member  1800  rotates about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member and to the rotational axis of the indicator member  1060 ,  2060 . In the preferred embodiment, with the indicator member  1800  having “ones” indicia and the ratchet wheel  82  having ten teeth, the indicator member  1800  is advanced upon each actuation and provides indicia visible to the user to notify them of such advancement. As the indicator member  1800  completes a cycle, or rotation, the indicator member  1060 ,  2060  is advanced one increment by the drive member  86  and the indicator member  1800  begins another cycle. In this way, the user is advised as to each actuation of the indicating device and the attendant dispensment of a dosage from the attached container. 
     Where, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 40, the teeth  66 ,  1066  extend only partially around the periphery of the indicator member, the indicator member  60   1060  is not advanced after the drive member engages the last tooth, even when the cap member is repeatedly moved to actuate the container. This ensures that the indicator member cannot be advanced past the last indicia indicating that the container is empty to a first indicia indicating that the container is full, so as to confuse the user. 
     Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 33-36, the indicating device includes a lock device. In particular, the base member includes a first lock member  702 , configured as a post member extending upwardly from the bottom of the base member. The indicator member  760  includes a second lock member  704 , shown in FIG. 35 as an extension of one of the plurality of teeth  776  formed around the circumference of the indicator member. In operation, the cap member is moved towards and away from the base member as described above so as to rotate the indicator member. During this operation, as shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the first lock member  702  is positioned inside the inner diametrical surface of the plurality of teeth so as to not interfere therewith as it is moved into the recess formed by the indicator member as shown in FIG.  33 . After the indicator member has made one complete rotation, which preferably correlates to an emptying of the container, the second lock member  704  is rotated over the first lock member  702  as shown in FIGS. 35 and 36. In this position, the cap member cannot be moved toward the base member and the user is thereby prevented from further discharging, or attempting to discharge, an empty container. The immobility of the cap member also provides a secondary indicia that the container is empty. One of skill in the art should understand that the size and shape of the first and second lock members can be varied. For example, a post member may extend from the cap member so as to engage a stepped surface in the base member. 
     As shown in FIGS. 29 and 30, a reset wheel  106  is coaxially mounted with the ratchet wheel  82  and drive member  86 . The outer periphery  108  of the wheel, which includes a plurality of teeth for gripping by the user&#39;s thumb, is exposed as it extends through the bottom surface  50  of the base member. One of skill in the art should understand that the reset wheel can be exposed by extending from other portions of the indicator device for access by the user. The user rotates the reset wheel  106  to manually rotate the indicator member to its original starting position, or any other desired setting, without having to move the cap member relative to the base member. In this way, the indicator member can be recycled for use on a new container, or can be moved to the proper setting prior to installing the indicating device on the container. In this way, the same indicating device can be used with various containers containing varying numbers of metered dosages of medicament. 
     During the movement of the indicator wheel relative to the cap member, the force of the indexing member against the indentations in one of the cap member and indicator member is overcome such that the indexing member repeatedly moves into and out of engagement with the indentations as the indicator member is rotated by the user to the desired setting. This movement is similar to the movement of the indexing member occurring upon each incremental advancement of the indicator member relative to the cap member. 
     Preferably, the reset wheel of FIGS. 29 and 30 is used with an indicator member having teeth formed about its entire periphery, such that the indicator wheel need only be moved a few teeth (one or more) to return it to the zero (or full, e.g., 200) position. The reset wheel can be used with or without the lock device described above, since the wheel can be used to move or rotate the indicator wheel independent of any axial movement between the cap member and base member. 
     In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 28, a reset selector member  602  is mounted to the end of the axle and is exposed in an opening  604  in the side or skirt  694  of the base member. The reset selector member  602  is mounted on the axle. The selector member  602  is provided with a slot adapted to receive the head of a screw driver or like tool, which can be actuated by the user to rotate the axle, coaxially mounted drive member and indicator member until the desired indicia are visible in the viewing window. This feature can be valuable for resetting an indicating device for use on a new container, or for initially setting the device for the proper number of doses contained in the container. One of skill in the art should understand that recesses and/or protrusions other than the disclosed slot can be exposed on the selector member to allow the user to grip or otherwise operably engage the selector member and to thereafter rotate the indicator member. One of skill in the art should also understand that the opening in the base member could be positioned anywhere along the longitudinal path of the axle as the cap member moves relative to the base member so as to expose the selector member when aligned with the opening. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 27, a selector window  806  is formed in the top of the cap member. A reset selector member  802 , configured as a protrusion or like grippable member, is exposed in the window as the indicator member is rotated to the empty position. In one embodiment, as described above, the plurality of teeth are formed only around a portion of the periphery of the indicator member so as to leave a gap between the first and last tooth. In such an embodiment, the selector window  806  is preferably of such length that the user can move the reset selector member  802  within the window until the first tooth is again in position for engagement with the drive member. It should be understood, however, that the reset selector member can also be used with an indicator member having teeth formed around the entire periphery of the member. 
     In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of reset members, or a similar grippable surface, configured for example as a plurality of notches or teeth, can be formed around the entire periphery of the indicator member and exposed in a selector window, or alternatively, in the viewing window. In such an embodiment, the indicator wheel can be rotated to expose different indicia at any time simply by engaging the reset selector members on the indicator member with the user&#39;s thumb or like member. 
     In yet another embodiment, shown in FIG. 24, an opening, or selector window  906 , is provided in the top of the cap member. A thin tool, such as a paper clip, is inserted through the opening to bias the resilient indexing member  370  out of engagement with the indicator member. The user can then operably engage the indicator member with their finger or the like, either through the viewing window or a selector window, to move the indicator member to the desired setting. In yet another alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 43, the reset member, with the collar  1109  disposed on the axle  1084  of the drive assembly, is pulled axially outward with respect thereto from a disengaged position, where the engagement portions  1306  of the flexible fingers  1304  are positioned circumferentially around the axle  84 , to an engaged reset position, such that the engagement portions  1306  of the flexible fingers are biased outwardly as they ride up the ramp  1083  and are thereafter moved into engagement with the teeth  1085  formed around the axle of the drive assembly. The user then rotates the reset member  1106  about a rotation axis, which is substantially perpendicular to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. As the reset member is rotated, the protrusion  1308  on the flexible fingers is brought into engagement with the protrusion  1310  on the indicator member  1060  so as to rotate the indicator member an incremental amount and thereby bring the first tooth on the other side of the gap  1061  into position for engagement by the drive member, thus bridging the gap  1061  between the teeth of the indicator member. As the reset member  1106  is further rotated, the drive member tooth  89  engages the teeth  1066  of the indicator member, and the reset member can be rotated to manually drive the indicator member, or indicator members, to the desired preset condition. For example, the indicator members can be reset to indicate 200 dosages for use with a container having 200 dosages. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the engagement portions  1306  and/or teeth  1085  formed on the axle of the drive assembly are configured to allow rotation of the drive member in only one direction. Therefore, rotation of the reset wheel in an opposite direction will not effect a rotation of the drive member in that same direction as the flexible fingers, with their engagement portions, will simply slide over the teeth formed about the axle. This one-way rotation prevents the drive member from engaging and rotating the indicator member in an opposite direction, which direction is opposed both by the non-return member engaging the ratchet wheel, and the one-way indexing interface between the cap member and indicator member. 
     To install the reset member and drive assembly, the drive assembly is installed in a vertical manner such that the axle  84  is received in the flexible snap enclosure  1036 . Once the drive assembly is snapped in place, the reset member  1106  is inserted through the opening in the cap member and over the axle  1084  until the fingers eventually are disposed around the axle  84  in the disengaged position. In this way, the reset member, which is supported by the bearing surface  1300  of the cap member, further supports the drive assembly. 
     In yet another embodiment, best shown in FIGS. 52-55, the indicator member  2060  has a plurality of teeth extending around the entire circumference thereof. At least one of the teeth  2067  has a cut-away portion  2069  aligned with the tooth  89  of the drive member. Accordingly, at the end of a cycle, the drive member is positioned in a disengaged position where even repetitive actuations of the indicating device do not lead to the advancement of the indicator member as the drive member, with its one or more teeth  89 , merely passes through the cut-away portion  2069  of the tooth, with which it is aligned. In this embodiment, however, the drive member  86  is axially moveable with respect to the indicator member  1800  and ratchet wheel  82 . 
     As best shown in FIGS. 44,  47  and  52 - 56 , a reset member  2106  includes a grippable wheel  2107  connected to a drive shaft  2109 . As shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 47, the end of the drive shaft includes a plurality of teeth  2306 , that engage slots  2308  or openings dimensioned to receive the teeth formed in one end of the drive member  86 . The drive member is installed on the shaft of the reset wheel such that the teeth  2306  formed on the end thereof engage the slots  2308  formed in the drive member. The drive member is then inserted into the groove  1801  of the collar  1082  extending from the indicator member. 
     In operation, the user pulls the reset member  1206  axially outward so as to move axially the drive member  86  from a disengaged position, where the drive member tooth  89 , or teeth, is aligned with the cut-away portion  2069  of the tooth on the indicator member, to an engaged or reset position, where the drive member tooth is brought into engagement with the portion  2067  of the tooth that is not cut-away. In the reset position, the user rotates the reset wheel  2107  and connected drive member  86  so as to advance the indicator member  2060 , or indicator members, to the desired setting independent of the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. In the disengaged position, the reset wheel is recessed between a pair of tapered flanges formed around the circumference of the base member. 
     As shown in FIGS.  44  and  52 - 56 , the indicator member  2060  includes a cover portion  2087  that extends radially inward from the top portion of the indicator member. The cover portion is brought into alignment with the viewing window at the end of the usage cycle such that the indicator  1800 , which can continue to be spun beneath the cover portion is not visible. Indicia, such as the number “0” or the words “end” or “empty” can be applied to the cover portion to inform the user that the container is empty. 
     As shown in FIGS. 37-43, the indicating device also includes a usage indicator member  1500 . The indicator member  1500  is configured as a ring and is disposed around the skirt  1074  of the dosage indicator member  1060  where it is trapped between the rim flange  1078  of the indicator member and the bottom surface of the top of the cap member. In this way, the usage indicator member  1500  is supported by and is moveable about the dosage indicator member  1060 . The indicator member  1500  also is thereby rotatably mounted about an axis substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. The indicator member  1500 , which is configured as a ring, has a plurality of teeth  1502  formed around the outwardly facing radial periphery thereof As the indicator member  1500  is advanced as explained above, a flexible finger  1273  formed along the circumferential rin  1078  of the indicator member  1060  is biased radially inward by a ramp  1277  formed on the inside of the cap member so as to engage at least one of the plurality of teeth  1502  formed on the indicator member and thereby advance the indicator member an incremental amount, defined by the distance between adjacent teeth. The number of teeth formed around the indicator member corresponds to the number of intended usage cycles of the indicating device. 
     In the preferred embodiment, which has only a single ramp  1277 , the usage indicator member  1500  is advanced one tooth upon each complete rotation of the dosage indicator member  1060 , which corresponds to one complete usage cycle for the indicating device. For example, the indicating device can be initially set to reveal an initial count of 200 dosages. As the indicating device is successively actuated to dispense the dosages, the indicator members  1060 ,  1800 , with indicia, are actuated to count down until they reveal a final count of 0 dosages available for use. At that time, the drive assembly is positioned in the disengaged position, as explained above. 
     As the reset member  1106  is used to actuate the drive assembly to reset the device for another usage cycle, the indicator member  1060  with its resilient finger  1273  is biased into engagement by the ramp  1277  such that the usage indicator member is rotated. In this way, the indicator member  1500  is rotated, or advanced, upon the completion of each successive usage cycle. The number of teeth  1502  on the indicator member  1500  corresponds to the number of intended uses for the indicator. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 38 and 41, the indicator member  1500  has twelve teeth corresponding to an intended twelve uses of the indicating device with twelve different containers. As noted above, the reset member can be used to reset the indicia at any desired reading, such that one indicating device can be used with successive containers having different numbers of dosages contained therein. The indicator member  1500  also includes a stop member  1506  formed as a protrusion that extends radially inward from the top of the indicator member. The stop member  1506  engages a stop member (not shown) extending downwardly from the top portion of the cap member upon completion of the final predetermined usage cycle. This engagement prevents the user from attempting to advance the dosage indicator member  1060  by way of the reset member and drive assembly, because the finger  1273  is biased into engagement with at least one of the teeth on the usage indicator member, which is immobilized. In this way, the entire device is immobilized. It should be understood that although the preferred embodiment is configured for twelve usage cycles, the usage indicator member could be provided with more or less teeth corresponding to more or less total available usage cycles. 
     Referring to FIG. 41, the usage indicator member  1500  further includes an indexing member  1510  configured as a protrusion extending radially outward from the outer circumferential surface of the indicator member. The indexing member  1510  selectively engages a plurality of teeth  1512  formed around the inner circumferential surface of the skirt of the cap member. The indexing member  1510  and teeth  1512  are configured as a ratchet to allow one-way rotation of the indicator member  1500  relative to the cap member  1020 . In a preferred embodiment, the indexing member and teeth are tapered to interact and provide for the one-way action. 
     As shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, a plurality of viewing windows  1600  are arranged around the outer periphery of the top of the cap member. A plurality of indicia  1602 , shown as successive numbers, are affixed to the top of the cap member adjacent the viewing windows. The upper edge  1514  of the usage indicator member is provided with indicia that is visible through the viewing windows  1600 , such that the user can ascertain which usage cycle the indicating device is currently functioning in. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, twelve viewing windows  1600  are provided with the numbers 1 to 12 arranged adjacent thereto, which correspond to the 12 usage cycles defining the life of the indicating device. The numbers, or other indicia such as various colors, can be applied to the cap member by printing, molding or any other of the techniques described above. Alternatively, a single viewing window can be provided to expose the indicator member, whereupon indicia can be applied to the top surface or upper edge  1514  thereof, or, if the window is provided in the side of the cap member, along the outer circumferential surface thereof. 
     In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 44-45 and  49 - 51 , the usage indicator member  2500  includes a hub  2520  having an opening  2521  that is rotatably mounted on a post  2522  extending downwardly from the inner surface of the top portion of the cap member  2020 . In this way, the usage indicator member  2500  is rotatably mounted to the cap member  2020  about an axis substantially parallel to and spaced from the rotational axis of the dosage indicator member  2060 . The axis of rotation for the dosage usage indicator member is also substantially parallel to the axial movement of the cap member relative to the base member. 
     The indicator member  2500  includes a ring  2524  formed about the hub  2520  which is connected thereto with a rib  2526  and a bottom surface  2528 . The indicator member  2500  has a plurality of inwardly, radially extending teeth  2514  formed about the inner periphery of the ring, and a plurality of outwardly, radially extending teeth  2502  formed on the bottom surface of the indicator member around the outer periphery thereof. Both pluralities of teeth are configured as ratchet teeth to allow only for one-way rotation of the indicator member  2500 . 
     Referring to FIG. 46, an engagement member  2573  extends from the indicator member  2060  and engages an engagement surface of one of the ratchet teeth  2502  as the dosage indicator member  2060  completes one full cycle. As the engagement member  2573  engages the engagement surface of one of the teeth  2502 , the indicator member is rotated an incremental amount. 
     Referring to FIG. 51, an indexing member  2577  extends downwardly from the cap member  2020  in a parallel and spaced apart relationship with the post  2522 . The indexing member  2577  is disposed in the space between the hub  2520  and the ring  2524  and selectively engages the inner teeth  2514  formed around the inner periphery of the ring. Again, the indexing member  2577  and teeth  2514  are preferably configured to allow for only one-way rotation of the usage indicator member  2500  relative to the cap member  2020 . The number and angular spacing between the inner and outer teeth  2514 ,  2502  correspond such that the advancement of the indicator member  2500  by way of engagement of the engagement member  2573  with one of the outer  2502  teeth further advances the indexing member  2577  one tooth  2514  along the inner periphery of the ring. The predetermined number of usages for the indicating device corresponds to the number of teeth formed around the inner periphery of the ring. After the completion of the final usage cycle, the indexing member  2577  is brought into engagement with the rib  2526 , which functions as a stop member and does not permit the indicator member to be further rotated or advanced. At the same time, the engagement member  2573  is brought into engagement with one of the teeth  2502  formed about the outer periphery of the ring such that the indicator member also cannot be advanced. In this way, the device is immobilized. Again, the indicating device can be provided with a predetermined number of inner and outer teeth, which corresponds to the number of predetermined usage cycles for the indicating device. 
     The upper surface  2528  of the indicator member ring, which is preferably domed, is provided with usage indicia to indicate the number of usage cycles completed or remaining for the indicating device. The usage indicia is visible to the user through a viewing window  2600  provided in the cap member, as shown in FIG.  44 . Again, the usage indicia can take the form of various alphanumeric characters, colors or any of the other varieties described above. 
     Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. As such, it is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and that it is the appended claims, including all equivalents thereof, which are intended to define the scope of the invention.