Patent Publication Number: US-2021195502-A1

Title: Systems and methods for determining a user equipment battery level

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/549,167, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A USER EQUIPMENT BATTERY LEVEL” filed Aug. 23, 2019 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,959,161), which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     A user equipment (UE) registers with a core network of a 5G wireless telecommunications network to receive 5G services. The UE may send an initial registration request message (e.g., when the UE first connects to the 5G network), a mobility registration request message (e.g., when a capability and/or characteristic of the UE changes), a periodic registration request message (e.g., to maintain a connection to the 5G network), an emergency registration request message (e.g., to access 5G services for an emergency), and/or the like to the core network to register with the 5G network. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A-1E  are diagrams of one or more example implementations described herein. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of an example environment in which exemplary systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of example components of one or more exemplary devices of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIGS. 4-5  are flowcharts of example processes for determining a user equipment battery level. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following detailed description of example implementations refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. 
     In many instances, a user equipment (UE) may send a registration request message to a network function (NF) device of a core network of a 5G wireless telecommunications network to register the UE to receive 5G services. The UE may send an initial registration request message (e.g., when the UE first connects to the 5G network), a mobility registration request message (e.g., when a capability and/or characteristic of the UE changes), a periodic registration request message (e.g., to maintain a connection to the 5G network), an emergency registration request message (e.g., to access 5G services for an emergency), and/or the like to register and/or maintain a registration with the 5G network. Moreover, the NF device of the core network may send a registration accept message (e.g., a message indicating that the NF device received the registration request message) to the UE, such as an initial registration accept message, a mobility registration request message, a periodic registration accept message, an emergency registration accept message, and/or the like. The registration accept message may be the same type as the registration request message (e.g., an initial registration accept message may be sent based on receiving an initial registration request message, a mobility registration accept message may be sent based on receiving a mobility registration request message, and/or the like). 
     In some cases, an application function (AF) device of the 5G wireless telecommunications network may need to communicate with a UE that is registered with the 5G network (e.g., to send data associated with a software update, to obtain data collected by the UE, and/or the like). Moreover, in some cases, communicating with the AF device may diminish a battery level of a battery of the UE (e.g., the UE may consume power in the battery to enable the UE to receive or send a data transfer). Communicating with the AF device may drain the battery of the UE to a battery level that limits the ability of the UE to function as intended (e.g., the battery may become dead and the UE may not be able to function, the battery level may become reduced to a level such that the UE does may not have enough power to perform an intended operation, and/or the like). Moreover, in some cases, a specialized UE, such as an internet of things (IoT) device, may not be programmed to send messages regarding a battery level of a battery of the UE, so the AF device may not be able to obtain information concerning the battery level of the battery of the UE before determining to communicate with the UE. 
     Some implementations described herein expand the registration process for a UE to register with a 5G network to allow the UE to send a battery level report to an AF device. In some implementations, the AF device may send a battery level request concerning a battery of the UE to a network exposure function (NEF) device, which may cause a profile concerning the UE to be updated in a data structure. In some implementations, an access and mobility management function (AMF) device may obtain profile information concerning the UE and may receive a registration request message from the UE. In some implementations, the AMF device may generate and send, based on the profile information and the registration request message, a registration accept message that includes a battery level report request concerning a battery of the UE to the UE. In some implementations, the UE may determine, based on the battery level report request, a battery level of the battery of the UE, and may generate and send an additional registration request message that includes a battery level report concerning the battery of the UE to the AMF device. In some implementations, the AMF device may identify the battery level report in the additional registration request message and may send the battery level report to the AF device via the NEF device. In some implementations, the AF device may cause (e.g., by sending one or more instructions to a different device), based on the battery level report, one or more actions to be performed. Such actions may include recharging or replacing the battery of the UE. 
     In this way, some implementations allow the UE to send battery level information concerning the battery of the UE to the AF using the existing UE registration process (e.g., by including a battery level report in a registration request message, a battery level report request in a registration accept message, and/or the like). This allows the AF device to obtain the battery level information, which in turn may cause one or more actions to be taken, such as recharging or replacing the battery of the UE, which increases a likelihood that the battery of the UE will have enough charge to support a data transfer between the UE and the AF device and/or that the UE will have enough charge to perform an intended function. This also allows the AF device to obtain the battery level information by utilizing existing interfaces (e.g. interfaces that support communicating registration request messages, registration accept messages, and/or the like) between devices of the 5G network, rather than establishing new interfaces for conveying the battery level information to the AF device. Moreover, enabling a UE device to transmit the battery level information in a registration request message conserves resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, power resources, networking resources, and/or the like) that would otherwise be used by the UE to generate and/or send a standalone battery level information message. 
       FIGS. 1A-1E  are diagrams of one or more example implementations  100  described herein. Example implementation(s) may include a user equipment (UE), a radio access network (RAN), and/or one or more network function (NF) devices of a wireless telecommunications system, such as a 5G wireless telecommunications system. For example, as shown in  FIG. 1A , example implementation(s)  100  may include a UE  102 , a RAN  104 , an access and mobility management function (AMF) device  106 , a network exposure function (NEF) device  108 , a unified data management (UDM) device and/or a unified data repository (UDR) device (UDM/UDR device  110 ), and/or an application function (AF) device  112 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1A , one or more of the UE  102 , the RAN  104 , and/or the NF devices may be connected to each other via various connections. For example, connection(s) N 1  may connect the UE  102 , the RAN  104 , and/or the AMF device  106 . Connection N 8  may connect the AMF device  106  and the UDM/UDR device  110 . Connection N 37  may connect the UDM/UDR device  110  and the NEF device  108 . Connection Namf may connect the NEF device  108  to the AMF device  106  (e.g., to allow the NEF device  108  to send information to the AMF device  106 ) and connection Nnef may connect the AMF device  106  to the NEF device  108  (e.g., to allow the AMF device  106  to send information to the NEF device  108 ). Connection N 33  may connect the NEF device  108  to the AF device  112 . 
     In some implementations, the UDM/UDR device  110  may be separated into two devices, a UDM device and a UDR device, connected by a connection N 35  (not shown in  FIG. 1A ). In that case, connection N 8  may connect the UDM device and the AMF device  106  and connection N 37  may connect the UDR device and the NEF device  108 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1B  and by reference numbers  114  and  116 , the UE may generate and send an initial registration request message to the AMF device  106  via the RAN  104  (e.g., via connection N 1 ). The initial registration request message may include information that identifies the UE  102  (e.g., a string that identifies the UE  102 ), information that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE  102  (e.g., one or more communication capabilities of the UE  102 ), information that indicates one or more characteristics of the UE  102  (e.g., a location of the UE  102 , a movement of the UE  102 , and/or the like), and/or the like. The AMF device  106  may process the initial registration request message to generate a UE profile registration request message (e.g., a request message to create a profile concerning the UE  102  in a data structure) that includes the information that identifies the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. As shown by reference number  118 , the AMF device may send the UE profile registration request message to the UDM/UDR device  110  (e.g., via connection N 8 ). As shown by reference number  120 , the UDM/UDR device  110  may register, based on the UE profile registration request message, a profile concerning the UE  102  in a data structure (e.g., a data structure associated with the UDM/UDR device  110 ). The profile may indicate the information that identifies the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, when a separate UDM device is connected to a separate UDR device, the AMF device  106  may send the UE profile registration request message to the UDM device (e.g., via connection N 8 ), the UDM device may send the UE profile registration request message to the UDR device (e.g., via connection N 35 ), and the UDR device may register a profile concerning the UE  102  in a data structure (e.g., a data structure associated with the UDR device). 
     As shown by reference numbers  122  and  124 , the AMF device  106  may generate and send an initial registration accept message to the UE  102  via the RAN  104  (e.g., via connection N 1 ). The initial registration accept message may indicate that the AMF device  106  received the initial registration request message, the AMF device  106  generated and/or sent the UE profile registration request message, and/or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1C  and by reference numbers  126 , the AF device  112  may identify a UE (e.g., UE  102 ) with which to communicate (e.g., to send a software update to, to obtain data from, and/or the like). As shown by reference number  128 , the AF device  112  may generate and send a battery level request message concerning a battery of the UE to the NEF device  108  (e.g., via connection N 33 ). The battery level request message may include information that identifies the UE and/or information that indicates a battery level threshold (e.g., a threshold in terms of a battery level of the battery of the UE, such as a 10% battery level). As shown by reference number  130 , the NEF device  108  may send the battery level request message to the UDM/UDR device  110  (e.g., via connection N 37 ). As shown by reference number  132 , the UDM/UDR device  110  may update, based on the battery level request message, the profile concerning the UE in the data structure to indicate a battery level subscription (e.g., update the profile to indicate that the AF device  112  wants updates concerning a battery level of the battery of the UE, such as whether the battery level satisfies (e.g., is less than or equal to) the battery level threshold). As shown by reference number  134 , the UDM/UDR device  110  may generate and send profile information concerning the UE to the AMF device  106  (e.g., via connection N 8 ). The profile information may indicate an identifier of the UE, one or more capabilities of the UE, one or more characteristics of the UE, a battery level subscription concerning the battery of the UE (e.g., that indicates the battery level threshold), and/or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, when a separate UDM device is connected to a separate UDR device, the NEF device  108  may send the battery level request message to the UDR device (e.g., via connection N 37 ), the UDR device may update the profile concerning the UE in the data structure to indicate a battery level subscription, the UDR may generate and send profile information concerning the UE to the UDM device (e.g., via connection N 35 ), and the UDM device may send the profile information concerning the UE to the AMF device  106  (e.g., via connection N 8 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 1D  and by reference numbers  136  and  138 , the UE  102  may generate and send a registration request message to the AMF device  106  via the RAN  104  (e.g., via connection N 1 ). The registration request message may be an initial registration request message, a mobility registration request message, a periodic registration request message, an emergency registration request message, and/or the like. The registration request message may include information that identifies the UE  102 , information that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , information that indicates one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. For example, the registration request message may indicate that the UE  102  is capable of determining a battery level of the battery of the UE  102 . The AMF device may process the registration request message to generate a UE profile update request message (e.g., a request message to update the profile concerning the UE  102  in the data structure) that includes the information that identifies the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. As shown by reference number  140 , the AMF device  106  may send the UE profile update request message to the UDM/UDR device  110  (e.g., via connection N 8 ). As shown by reference number  142 , the UDM/UDR device  110  may update, based on the UE profile update request message, the profile concerning the UE  102  in the data structure (e.g., the data structure associated with the UDM/UDR device  110 ). Additionally, or alternatively, when a separate UDM device is connected to a separate UDR device, the AMF device  106  may send the UE profile update request message to the UDM device (e.g., via connection N 8 ), the UDM device may send the UE profile update request message to the UDR device (e.g., via connection N 35 ), and the UDR device may update the profile concerning the UE  102  in the data structure (e.g., the data structure associated with the UDR device). 
     In some implementations, the AMF device  106  may generate, based on the profile information that indicates the battery level subscription concerning the battery of the UE  102  (e.g., received from the UDM/UDR device  110 , or, alternatively, the UDM device) and/or the registration request message, a registration accept message. The registration accept message may be an initial registration accept message, a mobility registration accept message, a periodic registration accept message, an emergency registration accept message, and/or the like (e.g., a corresponding type of registration accept message to the type of the registration request message). The registration accept message may indicate that the AMF device  106  received the registration request message, the AMF device  106  generated and/or sent the UE profile update request message, and/or the like. In some implementations, the registration accept message may include a battery level report request concerning the battery of the UE  102  (e.g., a request for the UE  102  to determine a battery level of the battery of the UE  102 ). The battery level report request may indicate the battery level threshold (e.g., to allow the UE  102  to determine whether the battery level satisfies (e.g., is less than or equal to) the battery level threshold). As shown by reference numbers  144  and  146 , the AMF device  106  may send the registration accept message to the UE  102  via the RAN  104  (e.g., via connection N 1 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 1E  and by reference number  148 , the UE  102 , based on the registration accept message, may determine that a battery level of the battery of the UE  102  satisfies the battery level threshold. For example, the UE  102  may determine that the battery level is less than or equal to the battery level threshold. As shown by reference numbers  150  and  152 , the UE  102  may generate and send an additional registration request message to the AMF device  106  via the RAN  104  (e.g., via connection N 1 ). The additional registration request message may be an initial registration request message, a mobility registration request message, a periodic registration request message, an emergency registration request message, and/or the like. The registration request message may include information that identifies the UE  102 , information that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , information that indicates one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. For example, the additional registration request message may include a battery level report concerning the battery of the UE  102 . The battery level report may indicate a battery level of the battery of the UE  102  and/or whether the battery level of the battery satisfies the battery level threshold. The AMF device  106  may process (e.g., parse) the additional registration request message to identify the battery level report and/or the information that identifies the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. The AMF device  106  may generate an additional UE profile update request message (e.g., an additional request message to update the profile concerning the UE  102  in the data structure) that includes the information that identifies the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more capabilities of the UE  102 , the information that indicates the one or more characteristics of the UE  102 , and/or the like. As shown by reference number  154 , the AMF device  106  may send the additional UE profile update request message to the UDM/UDR device  110  (e.g., via connection N 8 ). As shown by reference number  156 , the UDM/UDR device  110  may update, based on the additional UE profile update request message, the profile concerning the UE  102  in the data structure (e.g., the data structure associated with the UDM/UDR device  110 ). Additionally, or alternatively, when a separate UDM device is connected to a separate UDR device, the AMF device  106  may send the additional UE profile update request message to the UDM device (e.g., via connection N 8 ), the UDM device may send the additional UE profile update request message to the UDR device (e.g., via connection N 35 ), and the UDR device may update the profile concerning the UE  102  in the data structure (e.g., the data structure associated with the UDR device). 
     In some implementations, the AMF device  106  may generate, based on the additional registration request message, an additional registration accept message. The additional registration accept message may be an initial registration accept message, a mobility registration accept message, a periodic registration accept message, an emergency registration accept message, and/or the like (e.g., a corresponding type of registration accept message to the type of the additional registration request message). The additional registration accept message may indicate that the AMF device  106  received the initial registration request message, the AMF device  106  generated and/or sent the UE profile registration request message, the AMF device  106  received the battery level report, the AMF device  106  sent the battery level report (e.g., to the NEF device  108 , as described herein) and/or the like. As shown by reference numbers  158  and  160 , the AMF device  106  may send the additional registration accept message to the UE  102  via the RAN  104  (e.g., via connection N 1 ). 
     As shown by reference number  162 , the AMF device  106  may send, after identifying the battery level report in the additional registration request, the battery level report to the NEF device  108  (e.g., via connection Nnef). As shown by reference number  164 , the NEF device  108  may send the battery level report to the AF device  112  (e.g., via connection N 33 ). 
     As shown by reference number  166 , the AF device  112  may cause at least one action to be performed (e.g., based on the battery level report), such as cause a service technician to be dispatched to service the battery of the UE  102 , cause the battery of the UE  102  to be recharged by a battery charger, cause a scheduled data transmission to or from the UE  102  to be cancelled or confirmed, and/or the like. For example, the AF device  112  may determine, based on the battery level report, that the battery level of the battery of the UE  102  satisfies (e.g., is less than or equal to) the battery level threshold, which may indicate that the battery needs to be recharged (e.g., because the battery level is low) and/or replaced (e.g., because the battery cannot hold a charge, the battery is malfunctioning, and/or the like). Accordingly, the AF device  112  may send one or more instructions (e.g., one or more computer code instructions, one or more human readable instruction messages, and/or the like) to a client device (e.g., a device that manages servicing of the UE  102 ) to dispatch a service technician to recharge or replace the battery of the UE  102 . As another example, the AF device  112  may identify a battery charger associated with the UE  102  (e.g., by searching the data structure associated with the UDM/UDR device  110  or the UDR device) and may cause the battery charger associated with the UE  102  to charge the battery of the UE  102  (e.g., by sending one or more instructions to the battery charger and/or a device that controls the battery charger). 
     In another example, the AF device  112  may determine, based on the battery level report, that the battery level of the battery of the UE  102  satisfies (e.g., is less than or equal to) the battery level threshold, which may indicate that the battery of the UE  102  does not have enough charge to allow the UE  102  to receive or send a data transfer. Accordingly, the AF device  112  may identify, based on determining that the battery level of the battery of the UE  102  satisfies the battery level threshold, a scheduled data transmission to or from the UE  102  (e.g., by searching a data structure associated with scheduled data transmissions) and may cause the scheduled data transmission to be canceled (e.g., by sending one or more instructions to a device that schedules and/or manages data transmissions). Additionally, or alternatively, the AF device  112  may determine, based on the battery level report, a battery level of the battery of the UE  102  and may cause the scheduled data transmission to be confirmed. For example, the AF device  112  may determine that the battery level does not satisfy (e.g., is greater than) a critical battery level threshold (e.g., a battery level at which the battery is at risk of having no charge) and may cause the scheduled data transmission to be confirmed (e.g., by sending one or more instructions to a device that schedules and/or manages data transmissions). As another example, the AF device  112  may determine a size of the scheduled data transmission (e.g., in terms of kilobytes, megabytes, and/or the like) and may determine, based on the battery level, that the battery has enough charge to allow the UE  102  to receive or send a data transfer associated with the scheduled data transmission and therefore may cause the scheduled data transmission to be confirmed. 
     As indicated above,  FIGS. 1A-1E  are provided merely as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to  FIGS. 1A-1E . Further, the number and arrangement of devices and networks shown in  FIGS. 1A-1E  are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional devices and/or networks, fewer devices and/or networks, different devices and/or networks, or differently arranged devices and/or networks than those shown in  FIGS. 1A-1E . Furthermore, two or more devices shown in  FIGS. 1A-1E  may be implemented within a single device, or a single device shown in  FIGS. 1A-1E  may be implemented as multiple, distributed devices. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) of example implementation  100  may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices of example implementation  100 . 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram of an example environment  200  in which systems, functional elements, and/or methods, described herein, can be implemented. As shown in  FIG. 2 , environment  200  may include one or more UEs  210 , a radio access network (RAN)  220  that includes one or more base stations  222 , a core network  230 , and one or more data networks  240 . The core network may be a 5G NG core network included in a 5G wireless telecommunications system and may include various network function (NF) devices, such as an access and mobility management function (AMF) device  250 , a network exposure function (NEF) device  260 , a unified data management (UDM)/unified data repository (UDR) device  270 , and/or an application function (AF) device  280 . The NF devices may be communicatively connected via message bus  290 . Devices of environment  200  may interconnect via wired connections, wireless connections, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. 
     UE  210  includes one or more devices capable of communicating with RAN  220  and/or base stations  222  and/or data network  240  (e.g., via core network  230 ). For example, UE  210  may include a wireless communications device, a radiotelephone, a personal communications system (PCS) terminal (e.g., that can combine a cellular radiotelephone with data processing and data communications capabilities), a smart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a personal gaming system, a mobile hotspot device, a fixed wireless access device, a customer premises equipment, and/or a similar device. In some implementations, UE  210  may include an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, such as a narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) UE, a Cat-M1 IoT UE, and/or the like. UE  210  may be capable of communicating using uplink (e.g., UE  210  to base station  222 ) communications, downlink (e.g., base station  222  to UE  210 ) communications, and/or sidelink (e.g., UE-to-UE) communications. In some implementations, UE  210  may include a machine-type communication (MTC) UE, such as an evolved or enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. In some implementations, UE  210  may be capable of communicating using multiple radio access technologies (RATs). 
     RAN  220  includes one or more base stations  222  capable of communicating with UE  210  using a cellular RAT. For example, base station  222  may include a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a node B, an eNB, a gNB, a base station subsystem, a cellular site, a cellular tower (e.g., a cell phone tower, a mobile phone tower, and/or the like), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a radio access node, a macrocell base station, a microcell base station, a picocell base station, a femtocell base station, or a similar type of device. Base station  222  may transfer traffic between UE  210  (e.g., using a cellular RAT), other base stations  222  (e.g., using a wireless interface or a backhaul interface, such as a wired or optical backhaul interface), and/or core network  230 . Base station  222  may provide one or more cells that cover geographic areas. Some base stations  222  may be mobile base stations. Some base stations  222  may be capable of communicating using multiple RATs. 
     Core network  230  includes various types of core network architectures, such as a 5G NG Core, a long-term evolution (LTE) evolved packet core (EPC), and/or the like of a wireless telecommunications system. In some implementations, core network  230  can be implemented on physical devices, such as a gateway, a mobility management entity, and/or the like. In some implementations, the hardware and/or software implementing core network  230  can be virtualized (e.g., through the use of network function virtualization and/or software-defined networking), thereby allowing for the use of composable infrastructure when implementing core network  230 . In this way, networking, storage, and compute resources can be allocated to implement the functions of core network  230  in a flexible manner as opposed to relying on dedicated hardware and software to implement these functions. 
     Data network  240  includes one or more wired and/or wireless data networks. For example, data network  240  may include an IMS, a public land mobile network (PLMN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a private network such as a corporate intranet, an ad hoc network, the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, a cloud computing network, a third party services network, an operator services network, and/or the like, and/or a combination of these or other types of networks. 
     AMF device  250  is a hardware-based device that may act as a termination point for Non Access Stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and/or the like. NEF device  260  is a hardware-based device that may support the exposure of capabilities and/or events in the wireless telecommunications system to help other entities in the wireless telecommunications system discover network services. UDM/UDR device  270  is a hardware-based device that may store subscriber data and profiles concerning the wireless telecommunications system in a data structure and may provide and/or authorize access to the data and profiles. AF device  280  is a hardware-based device that may support application influence on traffic routing, access to a NEF device (e.g., NEF device  260 ), policy control, and/or the like. 
     The number and arrangement of devices and networks shown in  FIG. 2  are provided as an example. In practice, there can be additional devices and/or networks, fewer devices and/or networks, different devices and/or networks, or differently arranged devices and/or networks than those shown in  FIG. 2 . Furthermore, two or more devices shown in  FIG. 2  can be implemented within a single device, or a single device shown in  FIG. 2  can be implemented as multiple, distributed devices. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) of environment  200  can perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices of environment  200 . 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram of example components of a device  300 . Device  300  may correspond to UE  210 , base station  222 , one or more devices of core network  230 , and/or data network  240 , including AMF device  250 , NEF device  260 , UDM/UDR device  270 , and/or AF device  280 . In some implementations UE  210 , base station  222 , one or more devices of core network  230 , and/or data network  240 , including AMF device  250 , NEF device  260 , UDM/UDR device  270 , and/or AF device  280  may include one or more devices  300  and/or one or more components of device  300 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , device  300  may include a bus  310 , a processor  320 , a memory  330 , a storage component  340 , an input component  350 , an output component  360 , and a communication interface  370 . 
     Bus  310  includes a component that permits communication among multiple components of device  300 . Processor  320  is implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Processor  320  is a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or another type of processing component. In some implementations, processor  320  includes one or more processors capable of being programmed to perform a function. Memory  330  includes a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), and/or another type of dynamic or static storage device (e.g., a flash memory, a magnetic memory, and/or an optical memory) that stores information and/or instructions for use by processor  320 . 
     Storage component  340  stores information and/or software related to the operation and use of device  300 . For example, storage component  340  may include a hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and/or a magneto-optic disk), a solid state drive (SSD), a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetic tape, and/or another type of non-transitory computer-readable medium, along with a corresponding drive. 
     Input component  350  includes a component that permits device  300  to receive information, such as via user input (e.g., a touch screen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a switch, and/or a microphone). Additionally, or alternatively, input component  350  may include a component for determining location (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component) and/or a sensor (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an actuator, another type of positional or environmental sensor, and/or the like). Output component  360  includes a component that provides output information from device  300  (via, e.g., a display, a speaker, a haptic feedback component, an audio or visual indicator, and/or the like). 
     Communication interface  370  includes a transceiver-like component (e.g., a transceiver, a separate receiver, a separate transmitter, and/or the like) that enables device  300  to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. Communication interface  370  may permit device  300  to receive information from another device and/or provide information to another device. For example, communication interface  370  may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a wireless local area network interface, a cellular network interface, and/or the like. 
     Device  300  may perform one or more processes described herein. Device  300  may perform these processes based on processor  320  executing software instructions stored by a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as memory  330  and/or storage component  340 . As used herein, the term “computer-readable medium” refers to a non-transitory memory device. A memory device includes memory space within a single physical storage device or memory space spread across multiple physical storage devices. 
     Software instructions may be read into memory  330  and/or storage component  340  from another computer-readable medium or from another device via communication interface  370 . When executed, software instructions stored in memory  330  and/or storage component  340  may cause processor  320  to perform one or more processes described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, hardware circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to perform one or more processes described herein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. 
     The number and arrangement of components shown in  FIG. 3  are provided as an example. In practice, device  300  may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in  FIG. 3 . Additionally, or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) of device  300  may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components of device  300 . 
       FIG. 4  is a flow chart of an example process  400  for determining a user equipment battery level. In some implementations, one or more process blocks of  FIG. 4  may be performed by an application function (AF) device (e.g., AF device  280 ). In some implementations, one or more process blocks of  FIG. 4  may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the AF device, such as a user equipment (UE) (e.g., UE  210 ), a base station (e.g., base station  222 ), an access and mobility management function (AMF) device (e.g., AMF device  250 ), a network exposure function (NEF) device (e.g., NEF device  260 ), a unified data management (UDM)/unified data repository (UDR) device (e.g., UDM/UDR device  270 ), and/or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , process  400  may include identifying a UE (block  410 ). For example, the AF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may identify a UE, as described above. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 4 , process  400  may include sending, to an NEF device, a battery level request message concerning a battery of the UE (block  420 ). For example, the AF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may send, to an NEF device, a battery level request message concerning a battery of the UE, as described above. The battery level request message may include information that identifies the UE and information that indicates a battery level threshold. In some implementations, sending the battery level request message to the NEF device causes the NEF device to send the battery level request message to a UDR device to permit the UDR device to update a profile concerning the UE in a data structure. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 4 , process  400  may include obtaining, from the NEF device and based on sending the battery level request message, a battery level report (block  430 ). For example, the AF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may obtain, from the NEF device and based on sending the battery level request message, a battery level report, as described above. The battery level report may have been included in a registration request message sent from the UE to the NEF via an AMF device. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 4 , process  400  may include sending, based on the battery level report, one or more instructions to a different device to allow at least one action to be performed (block  440 ). For example, the AF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may send, based on the battery level report, one or more instructions to a different device to allow at least one action to be performed, as described above. The different device may be a battery charger. For example, the AF device may identify a battery charger associated with the UE and may send the one or more instructions to the battery charger associated with the UE to allow the battery charger to charge the battery of the UE. In another example, the AF device may determine, based on the battery level report, that a battery level of the battery of the UE satisfies a battery level threshold; may identify, based on determining that the battery level of the battery of the UE satisfies the battery level threshold, a scheduled data transmission to or from the UE; and may send, based on determining that the battery level of the of the UE satisfies the battery level threshold, the one or more instructions to the different device to allow the scheduled data transmission to be canceled or to be confirmed. 
     Process  400  may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein. 
     Although  FIG. 4  shows example blocks of process  400 , in some implementations, process  400  may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in  FIG. 4 . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process  400  may be performed in parallel. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow chart of an example process  500  for determining a user equipment battery level. In some implementations, one or more process blocks of  FIG. 5  may be performed by an access and mobility management function (AMF) device (e.g., AMF device  250 ). In some implementations, one or more process blocks of  FIG. 5  may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the AMF device, such as a user equipment (UE) (e.g., UE  210 ), a base station (e.g., base station  222 ), a network exposure function (NEF) device (e.g., NEF device  260 ), a unified data management (UDM)/unified data repository (UDR) device (e.g., UDM/UDR device  270 ), an application function (AF) device (e.g., AF device  280 ), and/or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include receiving a first registration request message from a UE (block  510 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may receive a first registration request message from a UE, as described above. The UE may be an internet of things device. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include sending, based on the first registration request message, a UE profile registration request message to a UDM device (block  520 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may send, based on the first registration request message, a UE profile registration request message to a UDM device, as described above. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include receiving, after sending the UE profile registration request message, profile information concerning the UE from the UDM device (block  530 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may receive, after sending the UE profile registration request message, profile information concerning the UE from the UDM device, as described above. The profile information may indicate a battery level subscription concerning the battery of the UE. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include receiving, after receiving the profile information, a second registration request message from the UE (block  540 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may receive, after receiving the profile information, a second registration request message from the UE, as described above. The second registration request message may indicate that the UE is capable of determining a battery level of the battery of the UE. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include generating, based on the profile information and the second registration request message, a registration accept message that includes a battery level report request concerning a battery of the UE (block  550 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may generate, based on the profile information and the second registration request message, a registration accept message that includes a battery level report request concerning a battery of the UE, as described above. The registration accept message may be an initial registration accept message, a mobility registration accept message, a periodic registration accept message, an emergency registration accept message, and/or the like. The battery level report request may indicate a battery level threshold. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include sending the registration accept message to the UE (block  560 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may send the registration accept message to the UE, as described above. Sending the registration accept message to the UE causes the UE to determine whether a battery level of the UE satisfies a battery level threshold. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include receiving, after sending the registration accept message, a third registration request message from the UE that includes a battery level report concerning the battery of the UE (block  570 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may receive, after sending the registration accept message, a third registration request message from the UE that includes a battery level report concerning the battery of the UE, as described above. The third registration request message may be an initial registration request message, a mobility registration request message, a periodic registration request message, an emergency registration request message, and/or the like. The battery level report may indicate a battery level of the battery of the UE. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include identifying the battery level report in the third registration request message (block  580 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may identify the battery level report in the third registration request message, as described above. For example, the AMF device may parse the third registration request message to identify the battery level report and UE information; may generate, based on the UE information, a UE profile update request message; and may send the UE profile update request message to the UDM to update a profile concerning the UE in a data structure. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 5 , process  500  may include sending the battery level report to an application function (AF) device via a network exposure function (NEF) device (block  590 ). For example, the AMF device (e.g., using processor  320 , memory  330 , storage component  340 , input component  350 , output component  360 , communication interface  370 , and/or the like) may send the battery level report to an application function (AF) device via a network exposure function (NEF) device, as described above. Sending the battery level report to the AF device may permit the AF device to send one or more instructions to a different device to allow one or more actions to be performed. The one or more actions to be performed may include causing the battery of the UE to be recharged (e.g., by a battery charger), causing a service technician to be dispatched to service the battery of the UE, causing a scheduled data transmission to or from the UE to be canceled or confirmed, and/or the like. 
     Process  500  may include additional implementations, such as any single implementation or any combination of implementations described in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein. 
     Although  FIG. 5  shows example blocks of process  500 , in some implementations, process  500  may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in  FIG. 5 . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process  500  may be performed in parallel. 
     The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementations to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the implementations. 
     As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. 
     Some implementations are described herein in connection with thresholds. As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, more than the threshold, higher than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, fewer than the threshold, lower than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, etc. 
     To the extent the aforementioned implementations collect, store, or employ personal information of individuals, it should be understood that such information shall be used in accordance with all applicable laws concerning protection of personal information. Additionally, the collection, storage, and use of such information can be subject to consent of the individual to such activity, for example, through well known “opt-in” or “opt-out” processes as can be appropriate for the situation and type of information. Storage and use of personal information can be in an appropriately secure manner reflective of the type of information, for example, through various encryption and anonymization techniques for particularly sensitive information. 
     It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the implementations. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code—it being understood that software and hardware can be used to implement the systems and/or methods based on the description herein. 
     Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of various implementations includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. 
     No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelated items, etc.), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).