Patent Publication Number: US-2022216255-A1

Title: Image sensor package having inner and outer joint members

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This description relates to an image sensor package having inner and outer joint members. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An image sensor package may use a bonding material to couple a glass substrate to an image sensor die. Also, the bonding material may operate as a dam member in which the bonding material positions the glass substrate at a location away from an active area of the image sensor die, the bonding material is disposed on a non-active area of the image sensor die. However, for some applications, the non-active area may be relatively small, thereby making the glass bonding process more difficult. In addition, some image sensor packages use wire bonding to couple the substrate to the image sensor die. However, as the number of pin counts increase (e.g., due to the increased functionalities of devices), the cost of using bond wires to connect the image sensor die to the substrate may be relatively high. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an aspect, an image sensor package includes a substrate, an image sensor die coupled to the substrate, a light-transmitting member, an inner joint member disposed between the light-transmitting member and the image sensor die, and an outer joint member disposed between the light-transmitting member and the substrate. 
     According to some aspects, the image sensor package may include one or more of the following features (or any combination thereof). The image sensor package includes a conductive trace coupled to a surface of the light-transmitting member, where the conductive trace is coupled to the inner joint member and the outer joint member. The image sensor die is coupled to the substrate in a flip-chip configuration. The inner joint member has a size smaller than a size of the outer joint member. The inner joint member may include a conductive ball member. The inner joint member may include a conductive pillar. The outer joint member may include a conductive ball member. The image sensor package may include an encapsulation material disposed between the inner joint member and the outer joint member. The image sensor package is an interstitial ball grid array (iBGA) package. 
     According to an aspect, an image sensor package includes a substrate, an image sensor die coupled to the substrate, where the image sensor die has an active region and a non-active region, a light-transmitting member having a first surface and second surface, a conductive trace coupled to the second surface of the light-transmitting member, an inner joint member disposed between and connected to the non-active region of the image sensor die and the conductive trace, and an outer joint member disposed between and connected to the conductive trace and the substrate. 
     According to some aspects, the image sensor package may include one or more of the following features (or any combination thereof). The image sensor die is a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor die, and the CMOS image sensor die is coupled to the substrate in a flip-chip configuration. The inner joint member includes a conductive ball member. The inner joint member includes a conductive pillar. The outer joint member includes a conductive ball member. The image sensor package may include an encapsulation material, where the encapsulation material includes an inner molding disposed between the inner joint member and the outer joint member. The encapsulation material includes an outer molding that contacts edges of the light-transmitting member. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface, where the first surface of the substrate is coupled to the image sensor die. The image sensor package includes a plurality of conductive components coupled to the second surface of the substrate, where the plurality of conductive components are configured to be coupled to an external device. The image sensor package is devoid of bond wires. 
     According to an aspect, a method for assembling an image sensor package includes forming a conductive trace on a light-transmitting member via a lithography process, coupling an inner joint member to a first portion of the conductive trace, coupling an image sensor die to the inner joint member, coupling an outer joint member to a second portion of the conductive trace, and coupling a substrate to the outer joint member and the image sensor die. In some examples, the method may include applying an encapsulation material to the image sensor package, where the encapsulation material includes an inner molding disposed between the outer joint member and the inner joint member. The inner joint member may include a conductive ball member or a conductive pillar, and the outer joint member includes a conductive ball member. 
     The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an image sensor package according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an image sensor package according to another aspect. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an image sensor package according to another aspect. 
         FIGS. 4A through 4I  illustrate a process flow for assembling an image sensor package according to an aspect. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a flowchart depicting example operations of assembling an image sensor package according to an aspect. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure relates to an image sensor package that uses inner lead joint and outer lead joints to position a light-transmitting member away from an active region of an image sensor die and to couple the image sensor die to a substrate in a flip-chip configuration. In this manner, the use of a bonding material as a dam to position the light-transmitting member away from the image sensor die can be avoided, thereby avoiding the difficulties associated with a bonding process with the dam on the image sensor die. In some examples, the image sensor packages discussed herein may avoid the use of bond wires, thereby can decrease the cost of making such packages. Furthermore, the use of the inner lead joint and outer lead joints may increase the durability of an image sensor package. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an image sensor package  100  according to an aspect. In some examples, the image sensor package  100  includes an interstitial ball grid array (iBGA) package. In some examples, the image sensor package  100  is an automobile image sensor (e.g., an image sensor designed to be incorporated into a vehicle). However, the image sensor package  100  may be applicable to other types of applications. The image sensor package  100  includes a substrate  104 , an image sensor die  102  coupled to the substrate  104 , a light-transmitting member  108 , inner joint members  122  disposed between the light-transmitting member  108  and the image sensor die  102 , and outer joint members  121  disposed between the light-transmitting member  108  and the substrate  104 . The image sensor package  100  includes conductive components  151  coupled to the substrate  104 , where the conductive components  151  are configured to connect to an external device. The image sensor package  100  includes an encapsulation material  115  having an outer molding  117  that contacts the outer joint members  121 , the substrate  104 , and the light-transmitting member  108 , and an inner molding  119  that is disposed between the outer joint members  121  and the inner joint members  122 . 
     The substrate  104  includes a dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  104  includes a single layer of dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  104  includes multiple layers of dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  104  includes a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate (e.g., a single layer of PCB or multiple layers of PCB). In some examples, the substrate  104  includes a copper clad laminate (CCL) substrate. 
     The substrate  104  includes a first surface  116  and a second surface  118  that is disposed opposite to the first surface  116 . The second surface  118  may be parallel with the first surface  116 . The distance between the first surface  116  and the second surface  118  may define the thickness of the substrate  104  in a direction A 1 . The substrate  104  includes a first edge  153  and a second edge  155 . The second edge  155  may be parallel to the first edge  153 . The first edge  153  and the second edge  155  may be perpendicular to the first surface  116  and the second surface  118 . The distance between the first edge  153  and the second edge  155  may define a length of the substrate  104  in a direction A 2 . The first surface  116  of the substrate  104  is disposed in a plane A 4 . A direction A 1  is aligned perpendicular to the plane A 4 , and a direction A 2  is perpendicular to the direction A 1 . A direction A 3  into the page (shown as a dot) is aligned parallel to the plane A 4  and is orthogonal to directions A 1  and A 2 . The directions A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 , and plane A 4 , are used throughout several of the various views of the implementations described throughout the figures for simplicity. 
     In some examples, the substrate  104  includes one or more conductive layer portions (e.g., traces) disposed on the first surface  116  of the substrate  104 , and/or one or more conductive layer portions (e.g., traces) disposed on the second surface  118  of the substrate  104 . In some examples, the one or more conductive layer portions on the substrate  104  include electrical (or conductive) traces. The electrical traces may be configured to and/or used to transmit signals to and/or from devices (e.g., electronic devices included in a semiconductor region (e.g., epitaxial layer and/or semiconductor substrate)) connected to the electrical traces. In some examples, the electrical traces can include conductive traces (e.g., metallic traces) such as copper traces, aluminum traces, and/or so forth. In some examples, the electrical traces include a relatively flat, narrow part of a copper foil that remains after etching. In some examples, the substrate  104  is a CCL substrate with copper traces (on both surfaces) with a pre-preg core (e.g., pre-impregnated with resin), where the copper traces are formed by photolithography patterning from a copper foil. 
     The image sensor die  102  includes a first surface  124  and a second surface  126 . The second surface  126  is disposed in parallel with the first surface  124 . The distance between the first surface  124  and the second surface  126  may define the thickness of the image sensor die  102  in the direction A 1 . The image sensor die  102  includes a first edge  141  and a second edge  143 . The second edge  143  is disposed in parallel with the first edge  141 . The distance between the first edge  141  and the second edge  143  may define a length of the image sensor die  102  in the direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor die  102  includes an active region  101 . The active region  101  is defined on a portion of the first surface  124  of the image sensor die  102 . The active region  101  includes, or corresponds with, an array of pixel elements configured to convert electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) to electrical signals. An area outside of the active region  101  may be considered a non-active region. In some examples, the image sensor die  102  includes a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. The image sensor die  102  is coupled to the substrate  104 . For example, the second surface of the image sensor die  102  is coupled to the first surface  116  of the substrate  104 . In some examples, the image sensor die  102  is coupled to the substrate  104  via a bonding material (e.g., a die attach film). The image sensor die  102  is coupled to the substrate  104  in a flip-chip configuration (e.g., using the inner joint members  122  and the outer joint members  121 , and conductive traces  120  that connect the outer joint members  121  to the inner joint members  122 ). 
     The light-transmitting member  108  is coupled to the image sensor die  102  such that the light-transmitting member  108  is positioned over (and spaced apart from) the active region  101  of the image sensor die  102  in the direction A 1 . The light-transmitting member  108  includes a first surface  128  and a second surface  130 . The second surface  130  is disposed in parallel with the first surface  128 . The distance between the first surface  128  and the second surface  130  may define the thickness of the light-transmitting member  108  in the direction A 1 . The light-transmitting member  108  includes a first edge  107  and a second edge  109 . The second edge  109  is disposed in parallel with the first edge  107 . The distance between the first edge  107  and the second edge  109  may define a length of the light-transmitting member  108  in the direction A 2 . 
     The light-transmitting member  108  may include an optically transparent material that allows electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light (e.g., visible light)) to pass through (e.g., pass through the entirety of the material). In some examples, the light-transmitting member  108  includes a glass substrate. In some examples, the light-transmitting member  108  includes a transparent (or semi-transparent) cover. In some examples, the light-transmitting member  108  includes a transparent (or semi-transparent) lid. In some examples, the light-transmitting member  108  includes one or more organic materials and/or one or more inorganic materials. In some examples, the light-transmitting member  108  includes one or more layers of transparent material. 
     Conductive traces  120  are coupled to the light-transmitting member  108 . Conductive traces  120  are coupled to the second surface  130  of the light-transmitting member  108 . The conductive traces  120  may be metallic traces such as copper traces, aluminum traces, and/or so forth. In some examples, a conductive trace  120  includes multiple types of metals. In some examples, the conductive traces  120  are formed on the light-transmitting member  108  via a lithography process. In some examples, a conductive trace  120  is coupled to the second surface  130  at a location between the first edge  107  and a central region  105  of the light-transmitting member  108 , and a conductive trace  120  is coupled to the second surface  130  at a location between the second edge  109  and the central region  105 . The central region  105  is an area of the light-transmitting member  108  that is devoid of conductive traces  120 . The central region  105  is an area of the light-transmitting member  108  that passes light to the active region  101  of the image sensor die  102 . 
     The outer joint members  121  and the inner joint members  122  are used to position the light-transmitting member  108  away from the active region  101  of the image sensor die  102  to route signals from the image sensor die  102  to the substrate  104 . The inner joint members  122  may be conductive (rigid) structures that connect to the image sensor die  102  and the conductive traces  120  on the light-transmitting member  108 . The inner joint members  122  may include one or more types of metallic materials. In some examples, the inner joint members  122  include conductive balls (e.g., solder balls). In some examples, the inner joint members  122  include conductive pillars (e.g., copper pillars). The outer joint members  121  may be conductive (rigid) structures that connect to the substrate  104  and the conductive traces  120  on the light-transmitting member  108 . In some examples, the outer joint members  121  include conductive balls (e.g., solder balls). In some examples, the outer joint members  121  include conductive pillars (e.g., copper pillars). In some examples, the outer joint members  121  are solder balls, and the inner joint members  122  are copper pillars. The outer joint members  121  may extend around a perimeter area of the substrate  104 . For example, there may be outer joint members  121  positioned in the direction A 3 . The inner joint members  122  may extend around a perimeter area of the image sensor die  102 . For example, there may be inner joint members  122  positioned in the direction A 3 . The outer joint members  121  may be positioned around the perimeter of the inner joint members  122 . 
     The inner joint members  122  are coupled to the first surface  124  of the image sensor die  102  and the conductive traces  120  on the light-transmitting member  108 . The inner joint members  122  may be coupled to the non-active area of the image sensor die  104 . The inner joint members  122  include an inner edge  135  and an outer edge  137 . In some examples, a conductive trace  120  may be coupled to the first surface  124  at a location between the first edge  141  and the active region  101  of the image sensor die  102 , and a conductive trace  120  may be coupled to the first surface  124  at a location between the second edge  143  and the active region  101  of the image sensor die  102 . The height of the inner joint members  122  (in the direction A 1 ) may define (at least in part) the gap height (e.g., the height of empty space  103  between the active region  101  and the second surface  130  of the light-transmitting member  108 ). 
     The outer joint members  121  are coupled to the first surface  116  of the substrate  104  and the conductive traces  120  on the light-transmitting member  108 . The outer joint members  121  include an inner edge  131  and an outer edge  133 . In some examples, a conductive trace  120  may be coupled to the first surface  116  at a location between the first edge  153  of the substrate  104  and the first edge  141  of the image sensor die  102 , and a conductive trace  120  may be coupled to the first surface  116  at a location between the second edge  155  of the substrate  104  and the second edge  143  of the image sensor die  102 . The height of the outer joint members  121  (in the direction A 1 ) may define (at least in part) the distance between the first surface  116  of the substrate  104  and the second surface  130  of the light-transmitting member  108 . 
     The outer joint members  121  may have a height greater than the height of the inner joint members  122  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the outer joint members  121  may be a width greater than the width of the inner joint members  122  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the height of the outer joint members  121  is equal to the combination of the height of the image sensor die  102  and the height of the inner joint members  122 . 
     The image sensor package  100  includes conductive components  151  coupled to the second surface  118  of the substrate  104 . In some examples, the conductive components  151  are surface-mount packaging elements. In some examples, the conductive components  151  include solder balls. The conductive components  151  are components used to connect to an external device (e.g., a ball grid array (BGA) device). However, the conductive components  151  may include other types of surface-mount packaging elements. 
     The image sensor package  100  includes an encapsulation material  115 . The encapsulation material  115  may include one or more molding materials (e.g., in a molding compound if including multiple types of materials). For example, the molding material(s) may include a metal, a plastic, a resin, an epoxy, a phenolic hardener, a silica material, a pigment, a glass, a ceramic casing, and/or so forth. 
     The encapsulation material  115  may include an outer molding  117  that contacts the substrate  104 , the outer joint members  121  and the light-transmitting member  108 . For example, the outer molding  117  contacts a portion (e.g., a perimeter portion) of the first surface  116  of the substrate  104 , the outer edge  133  of the outer joint members  121 , and at least a portion of the first and second edges  107 ,  109  of the light-transmitting member  108 . In some examples, the outer molding  117  extends along the entirety of the first and second edges  107 ,  109  of the light-transmitting member  108 . In some examples, although not shown in  FIG. 1 , the outer molding  117  may extend and contact at least a portion of the first surface  128  of the light-transmitting member  108 . 
     In some examples, the outer molding  117  defines a first molding edge  132  that defines an end of the outer molding  117  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the first molding edge  132  is linear. In some examples, the first molding edge  132  includes one or more angled or curved portions. In some examples, at least a portion of the first molding edge  132  (or all of the first molding edge  132 ) is aligned with the direction A 1 . In some examples, the first molding edge  132  is disposed at an angle with respect to the direction A 2 . In some examples, at least a portion of the first molding edge  132  (or all of the first molding edge  132 ) is aligned with the first edge  153  (or the second edge  155 ) of the substrate  104 . In some examples, the first molding edge  132  is disposed at a location between the first edge  153  (or the second edge  155 ) of the substrate  104  and the outer edge  133  of the outer joint members  121 . 
     The outer molding  117  may define a second molding edge  134  defining an end of the outer molding  117  in the direction A 1 . The second molding edge  134  may extend from the first molding edge  132  to the first and second edges  107 ,  109  of the light-transmitting member  108 . In some examples, the second molding edge  134  is disposed at a non-zero angle with respect to the first molding edge  132 . In some examples, the second molding edge  134  is disposed at an angle that is perpendicular to the first molding edge  132 . In some examples, the second molding edge  134  is linear. In some examples, the second molding edge  134  includes one or more bent or curved portions. 
     The encapsulation material  115  may include an inner molding  119  that contacts and extends between the inner joint members  122  and the outer joint members  121 . For example, the inner molding  119  contacts a portion of the first surface  116  of the substrate, the inner edge  131  of the outer joint members  121 , the first and second edges  141 ,  143  of the image sensor die  102 , and the outer edge  137  of the inner joint members  122 . For example, the inner molding  119  may extend between the inner edge  131  of the outer joint members  121  and the first and second edges  141 ,  143  of the image sensor die  102  in the direction A 2 . Also, the inner molding  119  may extend between the inner edge  131  of the outer joint members  121  and the inner edge  135  of the inner joint members  122  in the direction A 2 . The inner molding  119  may extend between the first surface  116  of the substrate  104  and the conductive traces  120  on the light-transmitting member  108  in the direction A 1 . In some examples, the outer molding  117  includes one or more materials different from the material of the inner molding  119 . In some examples, the outer molding  117  includes one or more materials that is/are the same as the material of the inner molding  119 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an image sensor package  200  according to an aspect. The image sensor package  200  may be an example of the image sensor package  100  of  FIG. 1  and may include any of the details discussed herein. 
     The image sensor package  200  includes a substrate  204 , an image sensor die  202  coupled to the substrate  204 , a light-transmitting member  208 , inner joint members  222  disposed between the light-transmitting member  208  and the image sensor die  202 , and outer joint members  221  disposed between the light-transmitting member  208  and the substrate  204 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , in some examples, the inner joint members  222  may be conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). Also, in some examples, the outer joint members  221  may be conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). The image sensor package  200  includes conductive components  251  coupled to the substrate  204 , where the conductive components  251  are configured to connect to an external device. The conductive components  251  may be conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). The image sensor package  200  includes an encapsulation material  215  having an outer molding  217  that contacts the outer joint members  221 , the substrate  204 , and the light-transmitting member  208 , and an inner molding  219  that is disposed between the outer joint members  221  and the inner joint members  222 . 
     The substrate  204  includes a dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  204  includes a single layer of dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  204  includes multiple layers of dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  204  includes a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate (e.g., a single layer of PCB or multiple layers of PCB). In some examples, the substrate  204  includes a copper clad laminate (CCL) substrate. 
     The substrate  204  includes a first surface  216  and a second surface  218  that is disposed opposite to the first surface  216 . The second surface  218  may be parallel with the first surface  216 . The distance between the first surface  216  and the second surface  218  may define the thickness of the substrate  204  in a direction A 1 . The substrate  204  includes a first edge  253  and a second edge  255 . The second edge  255  may be parallel to the first edge  253 . The first edge  253  and the second edge  255  may be perpendicular to the first surface  216  and the second surface  218 . The distance between the first edge  253  and the second edge  255  may define a length of the substrate  204  in a direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor die  202  includes a first surface  224  and a second surface  226 . The second surface  226  is disposed in parallel with the first surface  224 . The distance between the first surface  224  and the second surface  226  may define the thickness of the image sensor die  202  in the direction A 1 . The image sensor die  202  includes a first edge  241  and a second edge  243 . The second edge  243  is disposed in parallel with the first edge  241 . The distance between the first edge  241  and the second edge  243  may define a length of the image sensor die  202  in the direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor die  202  includes an active region  201 . The active region  201  is defined on a portion of the first surface  224  of the image sensor die  202 . The active region  201  includes, or corresponds with, an array of pixel elements configured to convert electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) to electrical signals. An area outside of the active region  201  may be considered a non-active region. In some examples, the image sensor die  202  includes a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. The image sensor die  202  is coupled to the substrate  204 . For example, the second surface of the image sensor die  202  is coupled to the first surface  216  of the substrate  204 . In some examples, the image sensor die  202  is coupled to the substrate  204  via a bonding material (e.g., a die attach film). The image sensor die  202  is coupled to the substrate  204  in a flip-chip configuration (e.g., using the inner joint members  222  and the outer joint members  221 , and conductive traces  220  that connect the outer joint members  221  to the inner joint members  222 ). 
     The light-transmitting member  208  is coupled to the image sensor die  202  such that the light-transmitting member  208  is positioned over (and spaced apart from) the active region  201  of the image sensor die  202  in the direction A 1 . The light-transmitting member  208  includes a first surface  228  and a second surface  230 . The second surface  230  is disposed in parallel with the first surface  228 . The distance between the first surface  228  and the second surface  230  may define the thickness of the light-transmitting member  208  in the direction A 2 . The light-transmitting member  208  includes a first edge  207  and a second edge  209 . The second edge  209  is disposed in parallel with the first edge  207 . The distance between the first edge  207  and the second edge  209  may define a length of the light-transmitting member  208  in the direction A 2 . 
     Conductive traces  220  are coupled to the light-transmitting member  208 . Conductive traces  220  are coupled to the second surface  230  of the light-transmitting member  208 . The conductive traces  220  may be metallic traces such as copper traces, aluminum traces, and/or so forth. In some examples, a conductive trace  220  includes multiple types of metals. In some examples, the conductive traces  220  are formed on the light-transmitting member  208  via a lithography process. In some examples, a conductive trace  220  is coupled to the second surface  230  at a location between the first edge  207  and a central region  205  of the light-transmitting member  208 , and a conductive trace  220  is coupled to the second surface  230  at a location between the second edge  209  and the central region  205 . The central region  205  is an area of the light-transmitting member  208  that is devoid of conductive traces  220 . The central region  205  is an area of the light-transmitting member  208  that passes light to the active region  201  of the image sensor die  202 . 
     The outer joint members  221  and the inner joint members  222  are used to position the light-transmitting member  208  away from the active region  201  of the image sensor die  202  to route (e.g., electrically route) signals from the image sensor die  202  to the substrate  204 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the outer joint members  221  and the inner joint members  222  are conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). In some examples, the conductive ball members may be referred to as conductive (solder) bumps. In some examples, the conductive ball members have a spherical shape, where the ends of the spherical ball may be relatively flat to increase contact with the other components. The conductive ball members of the outer joint members  221  may have a size (e.g., diameter, height in the direction A 1 , and/or width in the direction A 2 ) that is larger than the size of the conductive ball members of the inner joint members  222 . 
     The inner joint members  222  are coupled to the first surface  224  of the image sensor die  202  and the conductive traces  220  on the light-transmitting member  208 . The inner joint members  222  may be coupled to the non-active area of the image sensor die  204 . The inner joint members  222  include an inner edge  235  and an outer edge  237 . The inner edge  235  may include a curved portion. The outer edge  237  may include a curved portion. In some examples, a conductive trace  220  may be coupled to the first surface  224  at a location between the first edge  241  and the active region  201  of the image sensor die  202 , and a conductive trace  220  may be coupled to the first surface  224  at a location between the second edge  243  and the active region  201  of the image sensor die  202 . The height of the inner joint members  222  (in the direction A 1 ) may define (at least in part) the gap height (e.g., the height of empty space  203  between the active region  201  and the second surface  230  of the light-transmitting member  208 ). 
     The outer joint members  221  are coupled to the first surface  216  of the substrate  204  and the conductive traces  220  on the light-transmitting member  208 . The outer joint members  221  include an inner edge  231  and an outer edge  233 . The inner edge  231  may include a curved portion. The outer edge  233  may include a curved portion. In some examples, a conductive trace  220  may be coupled to the first surface  216  at a location between the first edge  253  of the substrate  204  and the first edge  241  of the image sensor die  202 , and a conductive trace  220  may be coupled to the first surface  216  at a location between the second edge  255  of the substrate  204  and the second edge  243  of the image sensor die  202 . The height of the outer joint members  221  (in the direction A 1 ) may define (at least in part) the distance between the first surface  216  of the substrate  204  and the second surface  230  of the light-transmitting member  208 . The outer joint members  221  may have a height greater than the height of the inner joint members  222  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the outer joint members  221  may be a width greater than the width of the inner joint members  222  in the direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor package  200  includes conductive components  251  coupled to the second surface  218  of the substrate  204 . In some examples, the conductive components  251  are surface-mount packaging elements. In some examples, the conductive components  251  include solder balls. The conductive components  251  are components used to connect to an external device (e.g., a ball grid array (BGA) device). However, the conductive components  251  may include other types of surface-mount packaging elements. In some examples, the conductive components  251 , the inner joint members  222 , and the outer joint members  221  are conductive (solder) balls, which may include the same type of material(s). In some examples, the conductive components  251  have a size that is larger than the inner joint members  222  and smaller than the outer joint members  221 . 
     The image sensor package  200  includes an encapsulation material  215 . The encapsulation material  215  may include one or more molding materials (e.g., in a molding compound if including multiple types of materials). For example, the molding material(s) may include a metal, a plastic, a resin, an epoxy, a phenolic hardener, a silica material, a pigment, a glass, a ceramic casing, and/or so forth. 
     The encapsulation material  215  may include an outer molding  217  that contacts the substrate  204 , the outer joint members  221  and the light-transmitting member  208 . For example, the outer molding  217  contacts a portion (e.g., a perimeter portion) of the first surface  216  of the substrate  204 , the outer edge  233  of the outer joint members  221 , and at least a portion of the first and second edges  207 ,  209  of the light-transmitting member  208 . In some examples, the outer molding  217  extends along the entirety of the first and second edges  207 ,  209  of the light-transmitting member  208 . In some examples, although not shown in  FIG. 2 , the outer molding  217  may extend and contact at least a portion of the first surface  228  of the light-transmitting member  208 . 
     In some examples, the outer molding  217  defines a first molding edge  232  that defines an end of the outer molding  217  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the first molding edge  232  is linear. In some examples, the first molding edge  232  includes one or more angled or curved portions. In some examples, at least a portion of the first molding edge  232  (or all of the first molding edge  232 ) is aligned with the direction A 1 . In some examples, the first molding edge  232  is disposed at an angle with respect to the direction A 2 . In some examples, at least a portion of the first molding edge  232  (or all of the first molding edge  232 ) is aligned with the first edge  253  (or the second edge  255 ) of the substrate  204 . In some examples, the first molding edge  232  is disposed at a location between the first edge  253  (or the second edge  255 ) of the substrate  204  and the outer edge  233  of the outer joint members  221 . 
     The outer molding  217  may define a second molding edge  234  defining an end of the outer molding  217  in the direction A 1 . The second molding edge  234  may extend from the first molding edge  232  to the first and second edges  207 ,  209  of the light-transmitting member  208 . In some examples, the second molding edge  234  is disposed at a non-zero angle with respect to the first molding edge  232 . In some examples, the second molding edge  234  is disposed at an angle that is perpendicular to the first molding edge  232 . In some examples, the second molding edge  234  is linear. In some examples, the second molding edge  234  includes one or more bent or curved portions. 
     The encapsulation material  215  may include an inner molding  219  that contacts and extends between the inner joint members  222  and the outer joint members  221 . For example, the inner molding  219  contacts a portion of the first surface  216  of the substrate, the inner edge  231  of the outer joint members  221 , the first and second edges  241 ,  243  of the image sensor die  202 , and the outer edge  237  of the inner joint members  222 . For example, the inner molding  219  may extend between the inner edge  231  of the outer joint members  221  and the first and second edges  241 ,  243  of the image sensor die  202  in the direction A 2 . Also, the inner molding  219  may extend between the inner edge  231  of the outer joint members  221  and the inner edge  235  of the inner joint members  222  in the direction A 2 . The inner molding  219  may extend between the first surface  216  of the substrate  204  and the conductive traces  220  on the light-transmitting member  208  in the direction A 1 . In some examples, the outer molding  217  includes one or more materials different from the material of the inner molding  219 . In some examples, the outer molding  217  includes one or more materials that is/are the same as the material of the inner molding  219 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an image sensor package  300  according to an aspect. The image sensor package  300  may be an example of the image sensor package  100  of  FIG. 1  and/or the image sensor package  200  of  FIG. 2  and may include any of the details discussed herein. 
     The image sensor package  300  includes a substrate  304 , an image sensor die  302  coupled to the substrate  304 , a light-transmitting member  308 , inner joint members  322  disposed between the light-transmitting member  308  and the image sensor die  302 , and outer joint members  321  disposed between the light-transmitting member  308  and the substrate  304 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , in some examples, the inner joint members  322  may be conductive pillars. The conductive pillars may be a post (e.g., a linear post). The conductive pillars may include one or more types of metallic materials. In some examples, the conductive pillars include copper pillars. Also, in some examples, the outer joint members  321  may be conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). The image sensor package  300  includes conductive components  351  coupled to the substrate  304 , where the conductive components  351  are configured to connect to an external device. The conductive components  351  may be conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). The image sensor package  300  includes an encapsulation material  315  having an outer molding  317  that contacts the outer joint members  321 , the substrate  304 , and the light-transmitting member  308 , and an inner molding  319  that is disposed between the outer joint members  321  and the inner joint members  322 . 
     The substrate  304  includes a dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  304  includes a single layer of dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  304  includes multiple layers of dielectric material. In some examples, the substrate  304  includes a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate (e.g., a single layer of PCB or multiple layers of PCB). In some examples, the substrate  304  includes a copper clad laminate (CCL) substrate. 
     The substrate  304  includes a first surface  316  and a second surface  318  that is disposed opposite to the first surface  316 . The second surface  318  may be parallel with the first surface  316 . The distance between the first surface  316  and the second surface  318  may define the thickness of the substrate  304  in a direction A 1 . The substrate  304  includes a first edge  353  and a second edge  355 . The second edge  355  may be parallel to the first edge  353 . The first edge  353  and the second edge  355  may be perpendicular to the first surface  316  and the second surface  318 . The distance between the first edge  353  and the second edge  355  may define a length of the substrate  304  in a direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor die  302  includes a first surface  324  and a second surface  326 . The second surface  326  is disposed in parallel with the first surface  324 . The distance between the first surface  324  and the second surface  326  may define the thickness of the image sensor die  302  in the direction A 1 . The image sensor die  302  includes a first edge  341  and a second edge  343 . The second edge  343  is disposed in parallel with the first edge  341 . The distance between the first edge  341  and the second edge  343  may define a length of the image sensor die  302  in the direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor die  302  includes an active region  301 . The active region  301  is defined on a portion of the first surface  324  of the image sensor die  302 . The active region  301  includes, or corresponds with, an array of pixel elements configured to convert electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) to electrical signals. An area outside of the active region  301  may be considered a non-active region. In some examples, the image sensor die  302  includes a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. The image sensor die  302  is coupled to the substrate  304 . For example, the second surface of the image sensor die  302  is coupled to the first surface  316  of the substrate  304 . In some examples, the image sensor die  302  is coupled to the substrate  304  via a bonding material (e.g., a die attach film). The image sensor die  302  is coupled to the substrate  304  in a flip-chip configuration (e.g., using the inner joint members  322  and the outer joint members  321 , and conductive traces  320  that connect the outer joint members  321  to the inner joint members  322 ). 
     The light-transmitting member  308  is coupled to the image sensor die  302  such that the light-transmitting member  308  is positioned over (and spaced apart from) the active region  301  of the image sensor die  302  in the direction A 1 . The light-transmitting member  308  includes a first surface  328  and a second surface  330 . The second surface  330  is disposed in parallel with the first surface  328 . The distance between the first surface  328  and the second surface  330  may define the thickness of the light-transmitting member  308  in the direction A 2 . The light-transmitting member  308  includes a first edge  307  and a second edge  309 . The second edge  309  is disposed in parallel with the first edge  307 . The distance between the first edge  307  and the second edge  309  may define a length of the light-transmitting member  308  in the direction A 2 . 
     Conductive traces  320  are coupled to the light-transmitting member  308 . Conductive traces  320  are coupled to the second surface  330  of the light-transmitting member  308 . The conductive traces  320  may be metallic traces such as copper traces, aluminum traces, and/or so forth. In some examples, a conductive trace  320  includes multiple types of metals. In some examples, the conductive traces  320  are formed on the light-transmitting member  308  via a lithography process. In some examples, a conductive trace  320  is coupled to the second surface  330  at a location between the first edge  307  and a central region  305  of the light-transmitting member  308 , and a conductive trace  320  is coupled to the second surface  330  at a location between the second edge  309  and the central region  305 . The central region  305  is an area of the light-transmitting member  308  that is devoid of conductive traces  320 . The central region  305  is an area of the light-transmitting member  308  that passes light to the active region  301  of the image sensor die  302 . 
     The outer joint members  321  and the inner joint members  322  are used to position the light-transmitting member  308  away from the active region  301  of the image sensor die  302  to route (e.g., electrically route) signals from the image sensor die  302  to the substrate  304 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , inner joint members  322  are conductive pillars, and the outer joint members  321  are conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). The conductive ball members of the outer joint members  321  may have a size (e.g., diameter, height in the direction A 1 , and/or width in the direction A 2 ) that is larger than the size of the conductive pillars of the inner joint members  322 . 
     The inner joint members  322  are coupled to the first surface  324  of the image sensor die  302  and the conductive traces  320  on the light-transmitting member  308 . The inner joint members  322  may be coupled to the non-active area of the image sensor die  304 . The inner joint members  322  include an inner edge  335  and an outer edge  337 . In some examples, the inner edge  335  includes a linear portion. In some examples, the entirety of the inner edge  335  is linear. The outer edge  337  may include a linear portion. In some examples, the entirety of the outer edge  337  is linear. In some examples, a conductive trace  320  may be coupled to the first surface  324  at a location between the first edge  341  and the active region  301  of the image sensor die  302 , and a conductive trace  320  may be coupled to the first surface  324  at a location between the second edge  343  and the active region  301  of the image sensor die  302 . The height of the inner joint members  322  (in the direction A 1 ) may define (at least in part) the gap height (e.g., the height of empty space  303  between the active region  301  and the second surface  330  of the light-transmitting member  308 ). 
     The outer joint members  321  are coupled to the first surface  316  of the substrate  304  and the conductive traces  320  on the light-transmitting member  308 . The outer joint members  321  include an inner edge  331  and an outer edge  333 . The inner edge  331  may include a linear portion. In some examples, the entirety of the inner edge  331  is linear. The outer edge  333  may include a linear portion. In some examples, the entirety of the outer edge  333  is linear. In some examples, a conductive trace  320  may be coupled to the first surface  316  at a location between the first edge  353  of the substrate  304  and the first edge  341  of the image sensor die  302 , and a conductive trace  320  may be coupled to the first surface  316  at a location between the second edge  355  of the substrate  304  and the second edge  343  of the image sensor die  302 . The height of the outer joint members  321  (in the direction A 1 ) may define (at least in part) the distance between the first surface  316  of the substrate  304  and the second surface  330  of the light-transmitting member  308 . The outer joint members  321  may have a height greater than the height of the inner joint members  322  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the outer joint members  321  may be a width greater than the width of the inner joint members  322  in the direction A 2 . 
     The image sensor package  300  includes conductive components  351  coupled to the second surface  318  of the substrate  304 . In some examples, the conductive components  351  are surface-mount packaging elements. In some examples, the conductive components  351  include solder balls. The conductive components  351  are components used to connect to an external device (e.g., a ball grid array (BGA) device). However, the conductive components  351  may include other types of surface-mount packaging elements. In some examples, the conductive components  351 , the inner joint members  322 , and the outer joint members  321  are conductive (solder) balls, which may include the same type of material(s). In some examples, the conductive components  351  have a size that is larger than the inner joint members  322  and smaller than the outer joint members  321 . 
     The image sensor package  300  includes an encapsulation material  315 . The encapsulation material  315  may include one or more molding materials (e.g., in a molding compound if including multiple types of materials). For example, the molding material(s) may include a metal, a plastic, a resin, an epoxy, a phenolic hardener, a silica material, a pigment, a glass, a ceramic casing, and/or so forth. 
     The encapsulation material  315  may include an outer molding  317  that contacts the substrate  304 , the outer joint members  321  and the light-transmitting member  308 . For example, the outer molding  317  contacts a portion (e.g., a perimeter portion) of the first surface  316  of the substrate  304 , the outer edge  333  of the outer joint members  321 , and at least a portion of the first and second edges  307 ,  309  of the light-transmitting member  308 . In some examples, the outer molding  317  extends along the entirety of the first and second edges  307 ,  309  of the light-transmitting member  308 . In some examples, although not shown in  FIG. 3 , the outer molding  317  may extend and contact at least a portion of the first surface  328  of the light-transmitting member  308 . 
     In some examples, the outer molding  317  defines a first molding edge  332  that defines an end of the outer molding  317  in the direction A 2 . In some examples, the first molding edge  332  is linear. In some examples, the first molding edge  332  includes one or more angled or curved portions. In some examples, at least a portion of the first molding edge  332  (or all of the first molding edge  332 ) is aligned with the direction A 1 . In some examples, the first molding edge  332  is disposed at an angle with respect to the direction A 2 . In some examples, at least a portion of the first molding edge  332  (or all of the first molding edge  332 ) is aligned with the first edge  353  (or the second edge  355 ) of the substrate  304 . In some examples, the first molding edge  332  is disposed at a location between the first edge  353  (or the second edge  355 ) of the substrate  304  and the outer edge  333  of the outer joint members  321 . 
     The outer molding  317  may define a second molding edge  334  defining an end of the outer molding  317  in the direction A 1 . The second molding edge  334  may extend from the first molding edge  332  to the first and second edges  307 ,  309  of the light-transmitting member  308 . In some examples, the second molding edge  334  is disposed at a non-zero angle with respect to the first molding edge  332 . In some examples, the second molding edge  334  is disposed at an angle that is perpendicular to the first molding edge  332 . In some examples, the second molding edge  334  is linear. In some examples, the second molding edge  334  includes one or more bent or curved portions. 
     The encapsulation material  315  may include an inner molding  319  that contacts and extends between the inner joint members  322  and the outer joint members  321 . For example, the inner molding  319  contacts a portion of the first surface  316  of the substrate, the inner edge  331  of the outer joint members  321 , the first and second edges  341 ,  343  of the image sensor die  302 , and the outer edge  337  of the inner joint members  322 . For example, the inner molding  319  may extend between the inner edge  331  of the outer joint members  321  and the first and second edges  341 ,  343  of the image sensor die  302  in the direction A 3 . Also, the inner molding  319  may extend between the inner edge  331  of the outer joint members  321  and the inner edge  335  of the inner joint members  322  in the direction A 2 . The inner molding  319  may extend between the first surface  316  of the substrate  304  and the conductive traces  320  on the light-transmitting member  308  in the direction A 1 . In some examples, the outer molding  317  includes one or more materials different from the material of the inner molding  319 . In some examples, the outer molding  317  includes one or more materials that is/are the same as the material of the inner molding  319 . 
       FIGS. 4A through 4I  illustrate a process flow depicting example operations of assembling an image sensor package. Although the process flow of  FIGS. 4A through 4I  illustrates operations in sequential order, it will be appreciated that this is merely an example, and that additional or alternative operations may be included. Further, operations of  FIGS. 4A through 4I  and related operations may be executed in a different order than that shown, or in a parallel or overlapping fashion. Although the process flow of  FIGS. 4A through 4I  is explained with reference to the image sensor package  200  of  FIG. 2 , the process flow of  FIGS. 4A through 4I  may be applicable to other image sensor packages. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4A , operation  402  includes receiving a light-transmitting member  208  and an image sensor assembly substrate  285  defining a plurality of image sensor dies  202 . Referring to  FIG. 4B , operation  404  includes grinding the wafer of the image sensor assembly substrate  285  and cutting the image sensor assembly substrate  285  to obtain individual image sensor dies  202 . Also, operation  404  includes forming the conductive traces  220  on the light-transmitting member  208 . For example, a lithography process may be performed on the light-transmitting member  208  to form metal plating on the glass substrate. Further, operation  404  includes forming inner joint members  222  on the conductive traces  220 . In some examples, a bumping method may be performed to create the inner joint members  222 . In some examples, as shown in  FIG. 4B , the inner joint members  222  may be conductive ball members (e.g., solder balls). In some examples, the inner joint members  222  may be conductive pillars as shown in  FIG. 3 . In some examples, the bumping method could be solder balls pick and placement with flux and reflow, or plated micro bumps or plated, copper pillars with solder post. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4C , operation  406  includes coupling the image sensor dies  202  to the inner joint members  222 . For example, the image sensor dies  202  may be bonded (e.g., flip-chip bonded) on the light-transmitting member  208  with flux and reflow. Referring to  FIG. 4D , operation  408  includes applying, by a dispenser  272 , an underfill material  270  to seal the gaps of the inner joint members  222 , where the underfill material  270  is cured with heat. In some examples, the underfill material  270  may include an epoxy resin. In some examples, the underfill material  270  may include an epoxy resin with high viscosity and low flowability. Referring to  FIG. 4E , operation  410  includes mounting the outer joint members  221  to the conductive traces  220 . Referring to  FIG. 4F , operation  412  includes cutting the light-transmitting member  208  to create individual singulated parts, where each singulated part includes a single image sensor die  202  coupled to the light-transmitting member  208  via the inner joint members  222 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4G , operation  414  includes coupling each singulated part to the substrate  204 . For example, the image sensor die  202  and the outer joint members  221  are coupled to the substrate  204 , which may include applying the flux on the substrate lead and performing a reflow process. Referring to  FIG. 4H , operation  416  includes applying an encapsulation material  215  to the image sensor package. For example, operation  416  may include applying a liquid encapsulation to fill the space between the inner joint members  222  and the outer joint members  221  and the space between the singulated parts, where the liquid encapsulation is cured with heat. Referring to  FIG. 4I , operation  418  includes cutting the encapsulation material  215  and the substrate  204  between the individual singulated parts to create individual image sensor packages. 
       FIG. 5  depicts a flowchart  500  having example operations for assembling an image sensor package according to an aspect. Although the flowchart  500  is explained with the image sensor package  100  of  FIG. 1 , the flowchart  500  may be applicable to any of the embodiments discussed herein. Although the flowchart  500  of  FIG. 5  illustrates operations in sequential order, it will be appreciated that this is merely an example, and that additional or alternative operations may be included. Further, operations of  FIG. 5  and related operations may be executed in a different order than that shown, or in a parallel or overlapping fashion. 
     Operation  502  includes forming a conductive trace  120  on a light-transmitting member  108  via a lithography process. Operation  504  includes coupling an inner joint member  122  to a first portion of the conductive trace  120 . Operation  506  includes coupling an image sensor die  102  to the inner joint member  122 . Operation  508  includes coupling an outer joint member  121  to a second portion of the conductive trace  120 . Operation  510  includes coupling a substrate  104  to the outer joint member  121  and the image sensor die  102 . 
     It will be understood that, in the foregoing description, when an element is referred to as being connected to, electrically connected to, coupled to, or electrically coupled to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being directly connected to or directly coupled to another element, there are no intervening elements. Although the terms directly connected to, or directly coupled to may not be used throughout the detailed description, elements that are shown as being directly connected or directly coupled can be referred to as such. The claims of the application, if any, may be amended to recite exemplary relationships described in the specification or shown in the figures. Implementations of the various techniques described herein may be implemented in (e.g., included in) digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Portions of methods also may be performed by, and an apparatus may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). 
     Some implementations may be implemented using various semiconductor processing and/or packaging techniques. Some implementations may be implemented using various types of semiconductor processing techniques associated with semiconductor substrates including, but not limited to, for example, Silicon (Si), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Nitride (GaN), Silicon Carbide (SiC) and/or so forth. 
     While certain features of the described implementations have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the scope of the embodiments. It should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, not limitation, and various changes in form and details may be made. Any portion of the apparatus and/or methods described herein may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive combinations. The embodiments described herein can include various combinations and/or sub-combinations of the functions, components and/or features of the different embodiments described.