Patent Publication Number: US-2006003778-A1

Title: Method, system, radio, device, computer program and sim-card for alarm path monitoring

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
      The present invention relates to monitoring of alarm path in a data and radio telecommunication network. More specific, the invention relates to a method, system and computer program means/application for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server for alarm path monitoring. The invention also relates to a radio device and a subscriber identification module, SIM-card.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      Systems for supervision of mobile objects are today of frequent occurrence. By WO A1 98/10538, for instance a system to find/appoint the position of mobile units is known. To get an accurate position as possible, signals from base stations from a plurality of operators are utilized in this system. Further, the status of the mobile units can be polled and alarm can be transmitted if an object is moving outside an in advance determined area.  
      Further, FR,A1,2756083 announces a system for supervision of mobile units by means of GSM (GSM, Global System for Mobile Communications), and by DE,A1,19733579 a system is known where position data obtained by means of for instance GPS (GPS, Global Positioning System) are transmitted from a mobile unit by means of GSM or other type of radio communication to a remotely/at a distance located control unit.  
      WO9928884 discloses a card or a method for executing on a terminal at least one procedure based on a special application, especially in a traffic telematic service, providing simple, flexible and economical access to special applications, especially traffic telematic service applications. The procedure is executed fully or partially as a program in a mobile radio telephone network subscriber identification card, said program being stored fully or partially on the mobile radiotelephone identification card, SIM card.  
      FR2787661 discloses a supervision and surveillance technique that uses automatic processing with a mobile phone. There is a specific integrated circuit in the mobile phone providing an automatic interface with the surveillance and supervision system. The digital words in the integrated circuit can be modified dynamically. The remote supervision and surveillance technique has a mobile telephone with a highly integrated circuit. The integrated circuit allows monitoring and supervision of surveillance circuits. The circuits can be used to set a car alarm, set the telephone to ring when the car alarm is triggered and to transmit an alarm for instance. The functions are adaptable and programmable.  
      Regarding systems for supervision of mobile units and communication systems we also want to refer to U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,595; U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,890; EP,A2,921511; JP,A,63-283239; U.S. Pat. No. 5,465,388; WO,A2,98/48576; U.S. Pat. No. 5,742,904; U.S. Pat. No. 5,890,061; U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,868; AU,A,9656035 and WO,A1,99/41723.  
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
      A problem with the supervision systems of today, however, is that they do not monitor the alarm path between a radio device and the alarm operator. One object of the present invention is to solve that problem.  
      Another problem arise when the original alarm path between a supervised object and an alarm receiving centre is broken, a new alarm path is necessary. Consequently, another object of the present invention is to solve this problem.  
      Yet another problem is how to adapt a radio device and an alarm server to operate together. One object of the invention is to address this problem.  
      Users, such as common people, do not want an invention that is complicated to install and causes a lot of problems and trouble during installation and operation. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a solution that is easily implemented into an existing radio device, is easy to handle by a user and provides a reliable operation.  
      Another problem arise when the original communication connection or communication link does no longer exist and an alarm and position indications or position information cannot be transmitted. Even this is an object of the invention to solve.  
      It is also a problem addressed by the present invention to increase the availability and reliability, if one used network does not cover a certain area or location, but another network and operator does cover that area.  
      One aspect of the present invention is a method for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server for alarm path monitoring. According to the invented method, polling messages are communicated over the alarm path, either from the radio device or from the alarm server. If the alarm path is broken and the alarm server does not receive, an open path verification, the alarm server will send an interruption alarm to inform an alarm receiving centre about the situation.  
      In more detail, the invented method is a method for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server for alarm path monitoring. The radio device has a subscriber identifying module, a SIM-card or corresponding, and said radio device being capable of handling an alarm signal from an alarm unit and transmit said alarm signal, or an alarm message corresponding to said alarm signal, over the alarm path that comprises wireless transmission over a communication connection/link in a system for data and telecommunication. The method comprises the step of running (e.g. copy from the module or run the program fully or partly stored on the module) a computer program means for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server, the computer program means is stored on said module as a computer program code that is readable by a digital processing unit of said radio device. Said computer program means includes coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit to communicate open path verifications to the alarm server at predetermined time intervals.  
      Further, one aspect of the present invention is a computer program means for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server for alarm path monitoring, said means being directly loadable into the internal memory storage of a digital processing unit within the radio device, said means comprises the software code elements for performing the steps of the claimed method.  
      Still another aspect of the invention is a computer program means that it is stored on a computer usable medium, comprising readable program code for causing a digital processing unit in a radio device to control an execution of the steps of the claimed method. One such  
      Yet another aspects of the present invention is a system for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server.  
      Further one aspect of the present invention is a radio device having a subscriber identifying module, so called SIM-card, on which the invented computer program means is stored.  
      Further one aspect of the present invention is an SIM-card for alarm path monitoring.  
      One advantage by storing this invented service on a SIM Tool Kit (STK) supported module, like a SIM card, is that the service will be independent of the radio device manufacturers.  
      There is no need for additional hardware equipment to get the invented application working. Connection interfaces for specific applications of the invention has to be designed by the hardware manufacturer.  
      The availability and reliability of the invented application is increased as the SIM-card permit the use of different Public Mobile Land Networks (PLMN) and operators. If one network does not cover a certain area or location, another network and operator permitted by the SIM-card is automatically used.  
      Another advantage is that STK provides proper cipher algorithm and authentication method and usage of security strategies capabilities. Therefore, the security strategies possible will be flexible and adaptable.  
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The system according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to a drawing, in which  
       FIG. 1  shows an exemplifying embodiment of the system according to the invention;  
       FIG. 2  is a signal/message flowchart illustrating the function and method steps of an embodiment of the invention working in a first mode;  
       FIG. 3  is a signal/message flowchart illustrating the function and method steps of further one embodiment of the invention working in a second mode;  
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a general architecture of a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server for alarm path monitoring.  
      The invented method involves the step of running, either a copy from a storage  14  or run the program from the storage  14 , a computer program means  16  for monitoring the alarm path between a radio device  10  and an alarm server  20 . Said means  16  is stored on said module  14  as a computer program code that is readable by a digital processing unit  12  of said radio device  10 . Said computer program means  16  includes coded instructions making it possible for the radio device  10  by means of the digital processing unit  12  to communicate open path verifications, like poll or acknowledgement, to the alarm server  20  at predetermined time intervals, for example to meet the requirements of the standard SS-EN50136-1-1. The poll frequency or time interval is configurable and possible to set within an interval between one poll or acknowledgement every 10 second, and one poll or acknowledgement per day.  
      Said invention is implemented as a computer program means  16  for monitoring an alarm path  40  between a radio device  10  and an alarm server  20  that is intended for alarm path monitoring, said means  16  being directly loadable into the internal memory storage of a digital processing unit  12  within the radio device  10 . Said means  16  comprises the software code elements for performing the steps of any claims  1 - 7 .  
      The computer program means  16  is a software application, that may be stored on a computer usable medium  14 , comprising readable program for causing a digital processing unit  212  in a radio device  10  to control an execution of the steps of any of the claims  1 - 7 .  
      A particularly interesting computer usable medium  14  is a subscriber identification module (SIM), commonly called an SIM-card. In order to distinguish an ordinary SIM-card from an SIM-card comprising the invented computer program means  16  for monitoring an alarm path  40 , an SIM-card comprising the invented computer program means will hereinafter be designated an SIM-card for monitoring an alarm path.  
      The computer program means  16  may be directly loadable or moveable into the internal memory storage of a digital processing unit  12  within the radio device  10  from the SIM-card inserted in the radio device. However, not all of the program code or coded instructions or data and other information belonging to the alarm path monitoring computer program means are loadable or moveable into the internal memory storage of a digital processing unit. Some of the program code or coded instructions or data and other information for the application are protected on the SIM-card and therefore not moveable or loadable. By protecting some of the program code or coded instructions or data and other information, a user is prevented from copying the alarm path monitoring computer program means from an SIM-card comprising the invented computer program means into a storage of the radio device and than switching SIM-card to an ordinary SIM-card without the alarm path monitoring application. The application will not work because some of the essential program code or coded instructions or data and other information for the application is missing.  
      As an example, the digital processing unit  12  within the radio device  10  is programmed to perform the step of accessing stored information or instructions within the SIM-card comprising the invented computer program means before a poll is allowed to be sent by the radio device. Another example, the digital processing unit  12  within the radio device  10  is programmed to perform the step of accessing stored information or instructions within the SIM-card comprising the invented computer program means when a poll from an alarm server is received. Such stored essential information or instructions may be special ciphering/deciphering and authentication procedures.  
      Said invented computer program means  16  may be added to and implemented in a radio device  10  from a subscriber identifying module  14 , an SIM-card, and said radio device  10  is capable of handling an alarm signal from an alarm unit  18 ,  24  and transmit said alarm signal, or an alarm message corresponding to said alarm signal over the alarm path  40 . The radio path  40  comprises wireless transmission over a communication connection/link in a system  42  for data and telecommunication. The radio device  10  comprises a computer program means  16  stored on said module  14  as a computer program code and readable by a digital processing unit  12  of said radio device  10 , said means  16  comprises coded instructions making it possible for the radio device  10  by means of the digital processing unit  12  to communicate with the alarm server  20  at predetermined time intervals.  
      The radio device  10  must be capable of handling an alarm signal from an alarm unit  18 , 24  and transmit said alarm signal or an alarm message corresponding to said alarm signal over an alarm path  40  that comprises wireless transmission over a communication connection/link  40  in a system  42  for data and telecommunication. The alarm signal may either be generated by an alarm unit  18  within the radio device  10  or be generated by an alarm unit  24  outside the radio device.  
      An alarm unit  18  within the radio device  10  may be implemented as a computer program/software, that is stored as an application either in an internal memory storage, connected with the processing unit  712 , or in the subscriber identifying module  14 . Both memory devices are readable by the central processing unit  12  of the radio device  10 .  
      If the radio device  10  is connected to an external alarm unit  24 , the radio device  10  is equipped with an alarm unit interface (not shown). Said interface may also be implemented as a computer program/software that is stored as an application, either in an internal memory storage or in the subscriber identifying module.  
      As mentioned, the radio device  10  comprises a digital processing unit  12  connected to an internal memory storage and a subscriber identity module  14 . The digital processing unit  12  is connected to other units of the radio device  10 . The processing unit  12  controls all functions, applications and units of the radio device. A user can control the radio device and communicate with the processing unit through a Man-Machine-Interface (MMI). The processor unit is connected to a number of I/O-units (In/Out-units)  22 , e.g. keyboard, display, loud speaker, etc. For allowing communication, the radio device comprise a radio antenna  32  that is connected to a receiving unit  26  and a transmitting unit  28 , often designed together in a transceiver unit. The central processing unit is often involving a number of sub-processors, a kind of slave processors.  
      The radio device  10  may be a conventional mobile device, like a mobile phone for making calls or transmitting data over a mobile radio/data telecommunication network  42  comprising base stations  44 . It could also be a fixed radio device, that is attached to an object to be surveyed or another suitable object in the surrounding of the surveyed object or surveillance area.  
      The radio device  10  and a data and telecommunication network  42  establish a radio channel/link  40 . The network  42  includes a first ordinary communication path  40  by means of which an radio device is from a communication point of view connected/linked with an alarm server  20  that is connectable to said data and telecommunication network  42 . Further, said alarm server  20  is, from a communication point of view, connected/linked to one or more alarm receiving centres  30 .  
      Preferably said communication network  42  includes at least one global network for mobile communication, such as a GSM-network and/or a radio network. Further, said polling is done regularly by means of the ordinary connection/link  40 . In the existing GSM-network the polling can be done by means SMS (SMS, Short Message Service), GPRS (GPRS, General Packet Radio Service) or UMTS (UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) from an Internet-connected/linked alarm server  20 . For instance, at polling by means of SMS, the alarm server  20  transmits an SMS-message via the GSM-network to the alarm unit included in the mobile unit  10 . A not coming off poll answer results in that the alarm server  20  transmits an alarm to one or more in advance defined alarm receiving centres  30 , at which the alarm receiving centre  30  receives a message about, that the connection/link with the mobile unit  10  in question has been broken. The alarm further can be transmitted to a plurality of alarm receiving centres  30  via GSM, pager, fax, Internet-connected/linked PC and WAP-equipment (WAP, Wireless Application Protocol), at which the alarm receiving centre  30  after that can take suitable action.  
      The alarm server  20  may comprise an SMS-centre server  34 , an SMS-Gateway  36  and an STK-server  38 . An alarm-receiving server  20  is provided by an alarm operator. The SMS-centre server  34  handles the Short Messages, both incoming (received) and outgoing (transmitted). The SMS-gateway  36  transforms the short messages to a suitable data-format/protocol, e.g. HTTP, TCP/IP, SNA, etc. The STK-server  38  handles the SIM Tool Kit (STK) commands that is to be received or transmitted.  
      One STK command of special interest is the “provide local information” command. This command orders the radio device  10  to send local information to the SIM  14 . This local information consists of 
          the mobile/radio device country code, mobile/radio device network code, location area code and cell identity (ID) of the current serving cell;     the international mobile station equipment identity (IMEI) of the radio device;     the network measurement results and the broadcast control channel (BCCH) list;     the current date, time and time zone.        

      In one embodiment of the invention, the radio device  10  is arranged to generate position indications by means of a position giving/providing means, which is an implementation utilising the “provide local information”-command.  
      In further another embodiment, the radio device  10  includes position finding means by means of which the processor  12  by means of the computer program means is arranged to find/appoint the position of the radio device  10 . The positioning/position finding may be done by means of base stations  44  existing in the GSM-network  42 , by means of GPS or any other navigation system.  
      The invention also relates to a system, in which the communication between the radio device  10  and the alarm server  20  is not depending on a kept up GSM-connection/link  40 . The polls, the acknowledgements and alarm can be transmitted via a second alternative communication path (not shown) by using another operator network to the alarm server  20 , which forwards the alarm and/or the position to one or more receivers  30 . The alarm server  20  can, for instance, transmit the alarm to an alarm receiving centre  30  via said communication network and the position to another receiver  30  via GSM, pager, fax, WAP-equipment and/or computer, for instance a personal computer, preferably an Internet-connected/linked computer.  
      In the system according to the invention, further an alarm receiving centre  30  can communicate with the radio device by means of the first GSM-connection/link  40 .  
      The invented method and system are dynamic and may be operated in one of three modes: 
          One mode, wherein the radio device receives a polling message from the alarm server and by means of said computer program means responds the polling message within a predetermined time interval by sending a response message over said alarm path to the alarm server;     A second mode, wherein the radio device by means of said computer program means with a predetermined repetition frequency generates and sends a polling message to the alarm server and within a predetermined time interval receives a response message over said alarm path from the alarm server;     A third mode, wherein the radio device by means of said computer program means generates and sends a polling message to the alarm server, but at the same time the radio device may receive a polling message generated by the alarm server or by order of said server.        

      In the following, the different modes of the present invention will be described in more detail by means of  FIGS. 2-3 .  
       FIG. 2  is a signal/message flowchart illustrating the invented method a system operating in the first mode. Time starts at the top of the diagram. This flowchart shows the function and method steps of an embodiment of the invention, wherein the system starts working in the first mode, which is present when the alarm server  20  polls regularly the radio device  10  for determining if the alarm path  40  is open or broken, the position of the radio device  10  and the status of the alarm unit  18 . The first step  50  is that the alarm server sends a poll. The next step  52  is that the radio device and the processing unit by means of the computer program means receives and processes the poll. In the following step, step  54 , the computer program means instructs the processor to generate and transmit a open path verification, a so called acknowledgement, that will be received and processed, step  56 , by the alarm server. As long as the alarm path is open and not broken or interrupted, the radio device receives regularly with a predetermined polling frequency a polling message and by means of said computer program application responds within a predetermined time interval the polling message by sending a response message over said alarm path to the alarm server. Even though a poll is not responded to, the alarm server will continue to send, step  50 , polling messages. When a certain time has passed from the time-point when the first poll that was not responded to, or was sent, or a certain number of polls have been sent without any response, the alarm server may either send a warning message, step  58 , to one or more in advance defined alarm receiver servers and try to send a poll via a second alternative communication connection/link, step  60 , or directly send an alarm to said alarm receiving centre, step  62 , at which the alarm receiving centre  30  receives a message informing that the connection/link with the mobile unit  10  in question has been broken.  
      The alarm server  20  polls regularly the alarm unit regarding the status of the alarm unit  10 , which status also may include information that the connection/link  40  between the radio device  10  and the alarm server  20  is intact and/or the status can include, as above mentioned, the found position.  
       FIG. 3  is a diagram, a signal/message flowchart, illustrating the invented method and system operating in the second mode. Time starts at the top of the diagram. The system will start working in the second mode, wherein the processor unit of the radio device by means of the computer program means generates and sends polling messages, step  70 , to the alarm server of the system. The alarm server receives the poll, identifies the mobile unit and registers the information carried by the poll, step  72 . The alarm server calculates the expected time of the arrival for the next poll from that mobile unit. If the next poll arrives within a time interval at the expected time, the described measures will be performed. If the radio device by means of said computer program means with a predetermined repetition frequency generates and sends a heartbeat message over said alarm path to the alarm server, the alarm server will not send a response, an acknowledgement, in return to the radio device. Alternatively, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the alarm server will send a returning acknowledgement for every radio device poll, step  74 .  
      However, if one poll or a number of consecutive mobile generated polls will be missing, the alarm server will make a number of contact attempts by sending a number of alarm server polls to the radio device, step  78 . The system will now work in the third mode, wherein the radio device by means of said computer program means generates and sends a polling message to the alarm server, step  50 , but at the same time the radio device may receive a polling message generated by the alarm server, step  76 , or by order of said server. If there is still no response from the mobile unit, the alarm server will send a warning message to the alarm receiving centre unit, step  80 . The alarm server will wait a predetermined time after the sending of the warning before sending a new alarm server poll over a new link, step  82 . If no mobile poll is received within a pre-determined time interval, an alarm message is transmitted to the alarm receiving centre, step  84 .  
      An option is to exclude the acknowledgment and only send heart beats, i.e. signals repeated within short time intervals.  
      The invention also relates to a SIM-card, a subscriber identifying module, for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server for alarm path monitoring, the radio device being capable of receiving and handling an alarm signal from an alarm unit and transmit said alarm signal or an alarm message corresponding to said alarm signal over the alarm path that comprises wireless transmission over a communication connection/link in a system for data and telecommunication. The SIM-card comprises computer program means for monitoring an alarm path between a radio device and an alarm server stored on the module as a computer program code that is readable by a digital processing unit of the radio device and interacting with the digital processing unit, the computer program means comprises coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of communicating open path verifications to the alarm server at predetermined time intervals.  
      According to one embodiment of the invented SIM-card, the computer program means comprises coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of receiving a polling message and by means of the computer program means responding within a predetermined time interval the polling message by sending a response message over the alarm path to the alarm server.  
      Further according to this embodiment, the computer program means comprises coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of receiving a polling message and by means of the computer program means receiving a polling message and by means of the computer program means responding within a predetermined time interval the polling message by sending a SMS over the alarm path to the alarm server.  
      According to another embodiment of the invented SIM-card, the computer program means comprises coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of generating and sending with a predetermined repetition frequency a polling message to the alarm server and within predetermined time interval receiving a response message over the alarm path from the alarm server.  
      According to further one embodiment of the invented SIM-card, the computer program means comprises coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of generating and sending with a predetermined repetition frequency a heartbeat message over the alarm path to the alarm server. The computer program means may also comprise coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of generating and sending with a predetermined repetition frequency an SMS including a heartbeat message over the alarm path to the alarm server.  
      The computer program means of the invented SIM-card may also comprise coded instructions making it possible for the radio device by means of the digital processing unit performing the step of selecting another network for connection if the used network cannot offer a working alarm path.  
      As stated above, it has certain advantages if the computer usable medium is a subscriber identification module (SIM). These advantages will now be explained with reference to  FIG. 4 .  
       FIG. 4  shows a general architecture of a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card  100 . In a GSM, GPRS or AMPS system, the SIM card is necessary for making the radio equipment operational. The SIM-card is a microchip, a kind of integrated circuit IC. It needs power suuply and an external clock to work. Power supply and an external clock are provided by a power cell of the radio device, which have some kind of SIM-card holder and contacts adapted for contacting the different sub-contacts of the contact pad  102 . The standardisation of this smart card  100  requires a processor  104 , memory  106  and an I/O interface  108 . The user data, such as phone book and short message (SM), are stored in the electric-erasable programmable-read only memory (EEPROM)  110 . GSM and general smart card features normally reside in the read-only memory (ROM)  112 . The memory area also comprise address storage  1 l 4 , data storage  116  and a Read Access Memory (RAM)  118 . Different computer-program means, such as applications software, are possible to store and by use of a SIM Toolkit (STK) it is possible for a computer program means  16  on the SIM-card  14 ,  100  to interact with the radio device  10  in a standardised way. STK is a protocol between the mobile radio equipment and the SIM-card. The protocol makes it possible to reach and combine GSM features through a user-friendly man-machine interface (MMI). Since the SIM is basically a smart card, services requiring ciphering and certificate calculations may be implemented as STK computer program means. The combination of MMI and security capabilities with data transmission based on short message service (SMS) is an advantage for STK. The key features of STK is Control of MMI, Call Control, SMS and data handling, and finally, menu and application handling.  
      Control of MMI contains a set of commands that is used in an interactive communication with the user. Call control provides the feature that outgoing voice and data calls can be started from an STK computer program means. Dialled digit strings, supplementary service data (USSD) strings can first be passed to an STK computer program means before the radio device sets up the call. SMS and data handling provides the feature that a short message (SM) can be sent directly to or from an STK means/application transparently through the radio device. Several commands are used to send data from or download data to an STK application/means. Menu and application handling offers a set of commands that is used to handle the menu selection and application/means control in an STK computer program means/application.  
      Some of the commands are called proactive SIM commands, meaning that the SIM can initiate actions that will be handled by the radio device, such as display text, sending a short message (SM), setting up a call, etc.  
      There are commands for MMI (Man-Machine-Interface) control. The command “display text” orders the radio device to display a text string or an icon on the screen. It can, for example, be used in a session where the user receives information about something. With the “get in-key”, the SIM orders the radio device to display a text string or an icon on the screen and waits for the user to respond by entering a single character. The command can, for example, be used in an interactive session where an application expects “Yes” or “No” as an answer. Another command “get input” orders the radio device to display a text string or an icon on the screen and wait for the user to respond with a text string.  
      Other useful commands for the present matter are the SMS and data handling commands. “Send short message” is used by the SIM to order the radio device to send a short message (SM) to the network. The short message (SM) can be used in different services when the  
      SIM wants to communicate with a server. “SMS point-to-point (PP) download” is useful for the operators when maintaining and controlling SIM. It is possible to send data to a specific SIM by using SMS. Hence, an operator can change, activate and deactivate STK applications/means on the SIM by letting the SIM communicate with a server. Yet another useful command is “Timer management”. The SIM can manage timers in the radio device. The SIM can order the radio device to start a timer, deactivate a timer or get the current value of the timer. Eight different timers running in parallel can be managed by the SIM and radio device.  
      The commands in STK are divided into different classes. The GSM specification does not require that a radio device support all commands, but requires that a radio device support all commands within one class. Most manufactures have implemented STK in some of their radio devices. The STK protocol specifies a set of possible MMI features but it does not fully specify how these will be implemented in the radio device. The result of this could be that an STK application/means might appear and even work differently on different radio devices because the screen capabilities and features of the keypad differ. The possibility of implementing a service-specific MMI is an important feature provided by STK. STK-based means/applications can be started from the radio device menu, via an short message (SM) or an event. An application/means can receive user input via the keypad and then present the information interactively on the radio device screen. This attribute is a part of the proactive commands, which means that the radio device MMI can be proactively controlled by an STK application. Regarding server communication, until STK was developed the only data downloaded to a file in the SIM was over the air (OTA). The data download was more complex and lengthy, and the OTA protocol was specific for each provider.  
      The data transmission in STK services is carried by SMS. With the STK command SMS PP data download (SMS PP-DD), the short message (SM) goes directly to an STK application/means without any interaction with the radio device. As OTA is not a specified standard, SMS PP-DD is thought to be a better solution for OTA services. Therefore, a new protocol called secure messaging, specified in GSM 03.48, has been standardised. The OTA servers commercially available today are normally integrated with, or provide an interface to, other service platforms. OTA can also be used successfully in applications that allow the user to personalise services. The personalisation can be done by the user via a web site or by customer service at a subscriber&#39;s request. The use of a web site provides a more cost effective solution due to the possibility of introducing automatic operation.  
      Regarding security, several types of security functions have been introduced in GSM to protect the network against fraudulent access and to ensure user privacy. These functions include: 
          authentication of the user to prevent access by unregistered users;     radio path ciphering, in particular, ciphering of all user information to prevent third-party tapping;     user identity-protection to prevent user location disclosure.        

      There are two algorithms, called A3 and A8, which are used in the ciphering/deciphering and authentication procedures of GSM. They are placed on the SIM cards on the market that also support public key infrastructure (PKI). All these different security features make the security strategy flexible. This is desirable because the implementation of security will be application specific.  
      Further one STK command of special interest is the “provide local information” command. This command orders the radio device to send local information to the SIM. This local information consists of: 
          the mobile/radio device country code, mobile/radio device network code, location area code and cell identity (ID) of the current serving cell;     the international mobile station equipment identity (IMEI) of the radio device;     the network measurement results and the broadcast control channel (BCCH) list;     the current date, time and time zone. 
 
 In one embodiment, the radio device further includes position finding means by means of which the alarm unit is arranged to find/appoint the position of the mobile unit  10 . The positioning/position finding is done by means of base stations existing in the GSM network, by means of GPS or any other navigation system. The alarm unit further is arranged for communication with the alarm server  20  by means of the ordinary GSM-connection/link  2 . 
       

      In another embodiment of the system according to the present invention, the alarm unit is, from a communication point of view, connected with the alarm server  20  by means of both the first ordinary connection/link  2  and a second alternative communication connection/link  3 , which for instance is another GSM-connection/link or any other radio connection/link in a radio system, such as a connection/link by means of communication radio at which the geographical position of the mobile unit  10  is available by means of radio transmission. Preferably the radio system is arranged at strategic places, such as at the frontier crossings of countries and entrances and exits of harbours.  
      The present invention may be used in a number of applications and technical fields.  
      Assault alarm and personal alarm installed in a mobile radio terminal provide possibility for the user to alert an alarm receiving centre at an assault attempt or a sudden illness. The alarm will be sent to the alarm receiving centre, which either have geographic position information from the last polling message or acknowledgement message before the alarm and/or get the information from the alarm itself.  
      The invention is also useful to locate missing people. The mobile radio terminal may be applied to the clothing of a person, for instance a child.  
      Examples of other fields wherein the invention is very useful are surveillance of mobile units, e.g. vehicles, or fixed installations like vending machines and burglar alarms equipped with radio devices for mobile radio telecommunication. The poll or acknowledgement may involve a report concerning the status of the surveyed object or the surveying alarm application.  
      As mentioned above, it is an advantage to store the alarm and monitoring application in the SIM-card as computer program means. The application can be installed in any mobile radio terminal or station available on the market independent of manufacturer or hardware design. There is no need for additional hardware equipment to get the invented application working. Connection interfaces for specific applications of the invention has to be designed by the hardware manufacturer.  
      The availability and reliability of the invented application is increased, if the SIM-card permit the use of different Public Mobile Land Networks (PLMN) and operators. If one network does not cover a certain area or location, another network and operator permitted by the SIM-card is automatically used.  
      The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments. Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above embodiments should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.