Patent Publication Number: US-9833713-B2

Title: Information processing apparatus, method for displaying information, non-transitory storage medium encoded with computer readable program, and information processing system

Description:
This nonprovisional application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-85932 filed with the Japan Patent Office on Apr. 16, 2013, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     FIELD 
     The technology herein generally relates to an information processing apparatus, a method for displaying information, a non-transitory storage medium encoded with a computer readable program, and an information processing system, and particularly to an information processing apparatus capable of communicating data with another information processing apparatus present within a prescribed range, a method for displaying information in the apparatus, a program executed in the apparatus, and an information processing system including the apparatus. 
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
     A system capable of providing data which can be made use of by an application to other information processing apparatuses by using near field communication has conventionally been known. 
     In the system as above, in an information processing apparatus to which data has been provided, zest of data communication is expected to be enhanced as the data is made use of in a variety of manners. 
     Exemplary embodiments provide an information processing apparatus capable of enhancing zest of data communication, a method for displaying information in the apparatus, a program executed in the apparatus, and an information processing system including the apparatus. 
     An exemplary embodiment provides an information processing apparatus provided to be capable of communicating data with another information processing apparatus present within a prescribed range. The information processing apparatus includes a transmission and reception portion configured to receive information for communication from another information processing apparatus. The information for communication includes position information relating to an information processing apparatus which is a source of transmission of the information for communication. The information processing apparatus further includes a display portion. A display control module is configured to perform display processing based on a first distance calculated based on the position information relating to the information processing apparatus which is the source of transmission of the information for communication and position information relating to an apparatus including the display control module. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the information for communication includes a second distance which is a distance based on records of transmission and reception. The display processing includes processing for display based on a distance obtained from the first distance and the second distance. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the display control module further includes an update portion configured to update the second distance in the information for communication received by the transmission and reception portion by adding the first distance to the second distance in the information for communication. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission and reception portion is configured to transmit the updated information for communication to another information processing apparatus. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission and reception portion is configured to transmit the updated information for communication to a server. The information for communication includes identification information identifying an information processing apparatus. The transmission and reception portion is configured to receive information for communication including identification information of each information processing apparatus itself from the server. The display processing includes processing for display based on a distance calculated based on the information for communication received from the server. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the information processing apparatus further includes an acceptance portion configured to accept input of position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the information processing apparatus further includes an obtainment portion configured to obtain position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself by communicating with an apparatus supplying position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the obtainment portion is configured to obtain position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself at the time when information for communication is received from another information processing apparatus. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, in the information processing apparatus, the information for communication includes character data specifying a character. The display processing includes processing for displaying the character data in a manner in accordance with a distance calculated based on the information for communication. 
     Exemplary embodiments provide a method for displaying information in an information processing apparatus provided to be capable of communicating data with another information processing apparatus present within a prescribed range. The method for displaying information includes receiving, by the information processing apparatus, information for communication from another information processing apparatus. The information for communication includes position information relating to an information processing apparatus which is a source of transmission of the information for communication. The method for displaying information further includes performing, by the information processing apparatus, display processing based on a distance calculated based on the position information relating to the information processing apparatus which is the source of transmission and position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself. 
     An exemplary embodiment provides a non-transitory storage medium encoded with a computer readable program and executable by a computer. The computer is configured to be capable of communicating data with another information processing apparatus present within a prescribed range. The program causes the computer to receive information for communication from another information processing apparatus. The information for communication includes position information relating to an information processing apparatus which is a source of transmission of the information for communication. The program further causes the computer to perform display processing based on a distance calculated based on the position information relating to the information processing apparatus which is the source of transmission and position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself. 
     An exemplary embodiment provides an information processing system including a plurality of information processing apparatuses configured to be capable of communicating data with another information processing apparatus present within a prescribed range. Each information processing apparatus includes a transmission and reception portion configured to receive information for communication from another information processing apparatus. The information for communication includes position information relating to an information processing apparatus which is a source of transmission of the information for communication. Each information processing apparatus further includes a display control module configured to perform display processing based on a first distance calculated based on the position information relating to the information processing apparatus which is the source of transmission and position information relating to each information processing apparatus itself. 
     The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the exemplary embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting configuration of an information terminal control system according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting configuration of hardware of an information processing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting configuration of hardware of a server according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  shows exemplary illustrative non-limiting storage contents in a part of a storage area within the information processing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  shows exemplary illustrative non-limiting outlines of processing of a game application according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting timing chart of processing in each apparatus in the information terminal control system according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting diagram for illustrating a configuration of character information according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIGS. 8 to 13  each show exemplary illustrative non-limiting character information according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting screen of records according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIGS. 15 to 18  each show an exemplary illustrative non-limiting timing chart in communication processing according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 19  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting flowchart of a sub routine of step A 14  in  FIG. 18  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIGS. 20 to 25  each show an exemplary illustrative non-limiting displayed image according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 26  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting configuration of character information made use of in a first variation. 
         FIG. 27  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting hardware block in a second variation. 
         FIG. 28  shows exemplary illustrative non-limiting character information handled in a third variation. 
         FIG. 29  shows exemplary illustrative non-limiting character information transmitted and received in a fourth variation. 
         FIG. 30  shows an exemplary illustrative non-limiting screen based on character information, which is displayed in a fifth variation. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF NON-LIMITING EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     An embodiment of an information terminal control system will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawings. In the description below, parts having the same function and action have the same reference characters allotted throughout the figures and redundant description will not be repeated. 
     [Configuration of Information Terminal Control System] 
     An information terminal control system  1000  including information processing apparatuses  1 A to  1 C and a server  2  will be described below as one embodiment. Information processing apparatuses  1 A to  1 C are by way of example of an information processing apparatus and each of them can communicate with server  2 . When characteristics common to these are mentioned herein, they may also collectively be referred to as an “information processing apparatus  1 .” For an information processing apparatus belonging to the information terminal control system according to the present embodiment, a portable telephone, a smart phone (a high-function portable telephone), a television set incorporating an information processing function, a portable information processing apparatus, a stationary information processing apparatus, and the like can be adopted. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of information terminal control system  1000  according to one embodiment. In information terminal control system  1000  shown in  FIG. 1 , information processing apparatus  1  can access server  2  through a network  9 . Network  9  is represented, for example, by a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet and a dedicated circuit, however, it is not limited thereto. More specifically, information processing apparatus  1  has a wireless communication function as will be described later, and it exchanges data with server  2  through an access point  7  electrically connected to network  9 . Communication between information processing apparatus  1  and server  2  may be wired communication. 
     In the present embodiment, a communication manner in which information processing apparatus  1  communicates with server  2  through network  9  is referred to as “Internet communication”. In addition, a communication manner in which information processing apparatuses  1  carry out direct wireless communication with each other without passing through network  9  is referred to as “local communication”. 
     [Hardware Configuration of Information Processing Apparatus] 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of hardware of information processing apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 2 , information processing apparatus  1  includes an input device  11 , a display device  12 , a processor  13 , an internal storage device  14 , a main memory  15 , and a wireless communication device (wireless communication module)  16 . 
     Input device  11  is operated by a user of information processing apparatus  1  and outputs to processor  13 , a signal in response to a user&#39;s operation. Input device  11  is implemented, for example, by a cross-shaped switch, a push button, or a touch panel. Display device  12  displays an image on a screen. A displayed image includes, for example, at least one of an image generated in information processing apparatus  1  and an image transmitted from an external apparatus to information processing apparatus  1 . Display device  12  includes such a known display device as a liquid crystal display device (LCD). 
     Processor  13  is operation processing means for executing a computer program. 
     Internal storage device  14  stores a computer program to be executed by processor  13 . Internal storage device  14  also stores character information which will be described later. Internal storage device  14  is implemented, by way of example, by a NAND-type flash memory. A program to be executed by processor  13  may be stored in internal storage device  14  (from the time point of shipment or after shipment through communication with another piece of equipment) or may be stored in a recording medium attachable to and removable from a main body of information processing apparatus  1  (such as a universal serial bus (USB) memory). 
     Main memory  15  temporarily stores various types of data. Main memory  15  is implemented, by way of example, by a pseudo-SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) (PSRAM). 
     Wireless communication device  16  functions as an interface for communication with another information processing apparatus  1  through wireless communication. In addition, wireless communication device  16  also functions as an interface for communication with server  2  through access point  7 . 
     [Hardware Configuration of Server] 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of hardware of server  2 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , server  2  includes an input device  21 , a display device  22 , a processor  23 , a hard disk drive (HDD)  24 , a main memory  25 , and a network interface  26 . 
     Input device  21  is operated by a user of server  2  and outputs to processor  23 , a signal in response to a user&#39;s operation. Input device  21  is implemented, for example, by a keyboard or a mouse. Display device  22  displays an image on a screen and it is implemented, for example, by a liquid crystal display device (LCD). 
     Processor  23  is operation processing means for executing a computer program. HDD  24  stores a computer program to be executed by processor  23 . The computer program includes a program for causing server  2  to function as a server apparatus. 
     Main memory  25  temporarily stores a computer program or information. Main memory  25  is implemented, by way of example, by a PSRAM. Network interface  26  also functions as an interface for communication with information processing apparatus  1 . Network interface  26  is implemented, for example, by a LAN card. 
     [Internet Communication] 
     “Internet communication” which is a manner of communication between information processing apparatus  1  and server  2  will be described. In the “Internet communication”, information processing apparatus  1  connects to access point  7  under a scheme complying, for example, with IEEE 802.11 and connects to network  9  through access point  7 . Information processing apparatus  1  communicates with server  2  through network  9 . 
     Processing for executing a task is exemplified as one example of processing for information processing apparatus  1  to communicate with server  2  through network  9 . The task in the present embodiment refers to processing involving transmission and reception of prescribed data. More specifically, the task is categorized into two types of a “transmission task” and a “reception task” and they may also simply collectively be referred to as a “task” herein. Data indicating contents of the task includes information specifying a connection destination such as a URL of a server. 
     [Local Communication] 
     “Local communication” which is a manner of communication between information processing apparatuses  1  will be described. In the present embodiment, information processing apparatus  1  can exchange data for application which can be made use of by a prescribed application program (such as a game application) through “local communication”. “Local communication” refers to such communication that prescribed data (“character information” in the present embodiment) stored in internal storage device  14  is transmitted automatically (without a user&#39;s operation) to another information processing apparatus  1  present at a short distance and data for exchange stored in internal storage device  14  of another information processing apparatus  1  is received automatically (without a user&#39;s operation) from another information processing apparatus  1 . It is noted that local communication is also referred to as passing communication in the present example. 
     More specifically, local communication is carried out by cooperation of processor  13 , wireless communication device  16 , and the like in information processing apparatus  1 . This processing is processing performed as background processing, for example, while information processing apparatus  1  is in what is called a sleep state (which may also be referred to as a stand-by state). For example, during sleep, such control that wireless communication device  16  basically mainly operates and sleep of processor  13  is temporarily canceled as necessary so that processor  13  temporarily mainly operates is carried out (for example, processing for searching for another information processing apparatus  1  is performed by wireless communication device  16  and transmission and reception of data is carried out by processor  13 ). In addition, for example, information processing apparatus  1  may include, separately from processor  13 , a second processor operable with low power consumption, and during sleep, the second processor may mainly operate. Moreover, local communication may be carried out as appropriate in response to a user&#39;s instruction operation or the like even when information processing apparatus  1  is not in a sleep state. 
     In local communication, for example, information processing apparatus  1  repeatedly searches for another unspecified information processing apparatus  1  present within coverage of near field communication. Then, information processing apparatus  1  automatically transmits character information to another information processing apparatus  1  which was found as a result of search, and automatically receives character information stored in internal storage device  14  of another information processing apparatus from that another information processing apparatus. 
     “Local communication” above is carried out, for example, at the time when users each carrying information processing apparatus  1  pass each other. The character information is generated prior to “local communication” based on a user&#39;s operation or the like and stored in advance in a prescribed area of internal storage device  14 . 
       FIG. 1  shows an area AR1 and an area AR2 as an example of coverage of near field communication. Area AR1 shows coverage of near field communication of information processing apparatus  1 A. Area AR2 shows coverage of near field communication of information processing apparatus  1 C. 
     For example, when moving information processing apparatus  1 B is located within area AR1, information processing apparatus  1 A and information processing apparatus  1 B carry out local communication. Thus, for example, character information is transferred from information processing apparatus  1 A to information processing apparatus  1 B. In addition, when area AR2 has moved to a position where information processing apparatus  1 B is included owing to movement of information processing apparatus  1 C, information processing apparatus  1 B and information processing apparatus  1 C carry out local communication. Thus, for example, the character information transferred from information processing apparatus  1 A to information processing apparatus  1 B is transferred from information processing apparatus  1 B to information processing apparatus  1 C. 
     [Outlines of Processing of Application] 
     Outlines of processing of an application making use of character information transferred among a plurality of information processing apparatuses  1  will now be described with reference to  FIGS. 4 and 5 . In the present embodiment, outlines of processing of a “game application” representing one example of an application using character information will be described. 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram schematically showing storage contents in a part of a storage area within information processing apparatus  1 . The storage area is provided, for example, within internal storage device  14 .  FIG. 5  is a diagram showing outlines of processing of a game application relating to the present embodiment. 
     Referring first to  FIG. 4 , in the storage area within information processing apparatus  1 , a reception box for passing  141 , a task reception cache  142 , an area for storing data for task transmission (hereinafter referred to as “data for task transmission”)  143 , and a transmission box for passing  144  are provided.  FIG. 4  shows a quadrangle representing a storage area within information processing apparatus  1 , shows reception box for passing  141  in the upper left of the quadrangle, and shows task reception cache  142 , data for task transmission  143 , and transmission box for passing  144  as aligned vertically in a descending order in a right portion of the quadrangle. Transmission box for passing  144  is a memory area in which data to be transmitted during passing communication is stored. Reception box for passing  141  is a memory area in which data received during passing communication is stored. 
     On the premise that information processing apparatus  1  has a memory structure as shown in  FIG. 4 , outlines of processing of a game application relating to the present embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 5 .  FIG. 5  shows an information processing apparatus A to an information processing apparatus C, which correspond to information processing apparatus  1 A to information processing apparatus  1 C in  FIG. 1 , respectively. It is assumed that a game application is installed in each of information processing apparatus A to C.  FIG. 5  further shows server  2 . In a game application according to the present embodiment, for example, “character information” generated in information processing apparatus A is successively transferred to other information processing apparatuses (information processing apparatuses B, C) through passing communication. Thus, such a presentation that a character expressed by character information sequentially travels information processing apparatuses A, B, C can be realized. Thus, zest of the game application can be enhanced. 
     The “character information” in the present embodiment includes at least identification information (a terminal ID) for identifying information processing apparatus  1  in which the character information has been generated and information representing characteristics for each character (parameter information). The “character information” may include information representing the number of times of transmission (transfer) (the number of times of movement). The character information may be generated by the game application or by another application. 
     In  FIG. 5 , initially, character information (“CI” in  FIG. 5 ) is generated in information processing apparatus A and stored in transmission box for passing  144 . Thereafter, as passing communication is carried out, the character information moves from information processing apparatus A to information processing apparatus B. Thus, the character information is moved to reception box for passing  141  of information processing apparatus B. 
     Thereafter, when the game application is executed in information processing apparatus B, the character information is moved within information processing apparatus B, from reception box for passing  141  to an area where processing data of the game application is to be stored (hereinafter referred to as a “work area”). During movement, when the “character information” includes “the number of times of movement,” information processing apparatus B updates the character information such that a prescribed value is added to “the number of times of movement.” Namely, information processing apparatus  1 B updates by increment, “the number of times of movement,” as the character information is received. 
     Information processing apparatus B can further update parameter information included in the character information received from information processing apparatus A (such as an “experience parameter” which will be described later). The experience parameter represents one example of parameter information. Information processing apparatus B updates parameter information, for example, in response to a user&#39;s operation. Contents of update of the parameter information are changed, for example, in accordance with contents of the user&#39;s operation. More specifically, magnitude of a value by which parameter information is to be changed is determined in accordance with the contents of the user&#39;s operation. 
     Then, information processing apparatus B generates information for transmission (“Info” in  FIG. 5 ) for transmitting updated character information to server  2  and causes the information to be stored in data for task transmission  143 . In addition, information processing apparatus B generates and registers also a “transmission task” for transmitting “Info” to server  2  at appropriate timing. Consequently, a “transmission task” is executed at appropriate timing. Thus, “Info” is transmitted from information processing apparatus B to server  2 . Server  2  accumulates “Info” transmitted from information processing apparatus B. 
     Then, passing communication takes place between information processing apparatus B and information processing apparatus C, so that the character information moves from transmission box for passing  144  of information processing apparatus B to reception box for passing  141  of information processing apparatus C. The character information moved here is character information updated in information processing apparatus B after it moved from information processing apparatus A to information processing apparatus B. Passing communication may take place before or after transmission of “info” from information processing apparatus B to server  2 . 
     Depending on contents of processing of the game application in information processing apparatus B, the character information may be moved (transferred) from information processing apparatus B to information processing apparatus C without change in value for parameter information. The character information being stored in reception box for passing  141  of information processing apparatus B and then moved to transmission box for passing  144  via a work area is herein referred to as “update”. Namely, the parameter information may be updated without its value being changed. 
     In information processing apparatus C, when the game application is executed, the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus B is moved from reception box for passing  141  to a work area. When the character information includes “the number of times of movement,” information processing apparatus C updates the character information such that a prescribed value is added to the “number of times of movement” with such movement. 
     Thereafter, in information processing apparatus C, after the character information is updated in accordance with the contents of processing of the game application, it is moved to transmission box for passing  144 . Then, likewise information processing apparatus B, information processing apparatus C generates “Info” and a transmission task and transmits the character information to server  2 . In addition, as a result of passing communication between information processing apparatus C and another information processing apparatus, the character information is transferred to another information processing apparatus. 
     Thus, the character information generated in information processing apparatus A is successively transferred to other information processing apparatuses through passing communication. In addition, information processing apparatuses B, C which have received the character information transmit “Info” to server  2  as appropriate. On the other hand, information processing apparatus A obtains “Log” accumulated in server  2 . “Log” refers to Info corresponding to each information processing apparatus itself, of “Info” accumulated in server  2 . Information processing apparatus A generates a “reception task” in order to obtain “Log” and receives “Log” at appropriate timing. 
     Information processing apparatus A can display how the character information generated and transmitted by information processing apparatus A has been changed through transfer, by making use of “Log”. 
     [Outlines of Communication Between Apparatuses] 
     Outlines of processing for communication between apparatuses in the information terminal control system will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  is a timing chart of processing in each apparatus in information terminal control system  1000 . In  FIG. 6 , information processing apparatuses  1 A to  1 C are expressed as information processing apparatuses A to C, respectively. 
     Initially, as shown with an arrow L01 in  FIG. 6 , passing communication between information processing apparatus  1 A and information processing apparatus  1 B is carried out. Thus, character information is transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 A to information processing apparatus  1 B. A state of parameter information in the character information transmitted this time is a state generated in information processing apparatus  1 A. “α” in  FIG. 6  represents a state of parameter information at this time. 
     Then, in step B 01 , information processing apparatus  1 B updates the parameter information in the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 A. In  FIG. 6 , a state of the parameter information after update in information processing apparatus  1 B is represented by “α+β”.  FIG. 6  expresses update of the character information in information processing apparatus  1 B as addition of “β” to the character information. Information processing apparatus  1 B transmits the character information corresponding to “α+β” to server  2  through the Internet communication (an arrow L02). The character information is accumulated in server  2  (step S 01 ). 
     Thereafter, as shown with an arrow L03 in  FIG. 6 , passing communication between information processing apparatus  1 B and information processing apparatus  1 C is carried out. Thus, the character information corresponding to “α+β” is transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B to information processing apparatus  1 C. 
     Then, in step C 01 , information processing apparatus  1 C updates the parameter information in the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B.  FIG. 6  shows a state of the parameter information after update in information processing apparatus  1 C as “α+β+γ”.  FIG. 6  expresses update of the character information in information processing apparatus  1 C by addition of “γ” to the character information. Information processing apparatus  1 C transmits the character information corresponding to “α+β+γ” to server  2  through the Internet communication (an arrow L04). The character information is accumulated in server  2  (step S 03 ). 
     The character information accumulated in server  2  is transmitted to information processing apparatus  1  in which the character information has been generated. In the example in  FIG. 6 , character information corresponding to each of “α+β” and “α+β+γ” is transmitted from server  2  to information processing apparatus  1 A (an arrow L05). 
     In step A 01 , information processing apparatus  1 A performs display processing making use of the received character information. In step A 01 , display making use of the character information represented by “α+β” and display making use of the character information represented by “α+β+γ” may separately be provided or display based on combination of such character information may be provided. 
     It is noted that, in a case where information processing apparatus  1 B is disabled from communicating with server  2  or the like, the character information may be transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 C to server  2  (arrow L04) before the character information is transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B to server  2  (arrow L02). Thus, in transmission of the character information from server  2  to information processing apparatus  1 A (arrow L05), there may be a case where only the character information corresponding to “α+β+γ” is transmitted. 
     Thereafter, when information processing apparatus  1 B is now able to communicate with server  2 , the character information may be transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B to server  2  after the character information is transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 C to server  2  (arrow L04). Thus, there may be a case where server  2  transmits to information processing apparatus  1 A, the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B after the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 C. 
     In the processing described with reference to  FIG. 6 , information processing apparatus  1 A transmits only the character information generated in information processing apparatus  1 A. It is noted that, likewise information processing apparatuses  1 B,  1 C, information processing apparatus  1 A can also receive character information generated in another information processing apparatus  1  and can also transmit the received character information to another information processing apparatus  1 . Thus, since character information generated in another information processing apparatus  1  can be transmitted, opportunities for data communication increase and zest of data communication can be enhanced. 
     Furthermore, in the processing described with reference to  FIG. 6 , information processing apparatus  1  (information processing apparatus  1 B, information processing apparatus  1 C) performs a set of processing consisting of update of the character information received from another information processing apparatus  1  and transmission of updated character information to yet another information processing apparatus  1 . Then, each time information processing apparatus  1  performs the set of processing once, it transmits updated character information to server  2 . It is noted that transmission of updated character information to server  2  may be withheld until the set of processing is performed a prescribed number of times. For example, information processing apparatus  1  may generate a transmission task for transmitting updated character information to server  2  on condition that the set of processing was performed twice. 
     [Processing for Communication Between Apparatuses] 
     Contents of processing for communication between apparatuses in information terminal control system  1000  will now be described more specifically with reference to  FIGS. 7 to 19 .  FIGS. 7 to 13  are diagrams showing specific examples of character information.  FIG. 14  is a diagram showing one example of a screen displayed based on the character information.  FIGS. 15 to 18  are timing charts in the communication processing.  FIG. 19  is a flowchart of a sub routine of step A 14  in  FIG. 18 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a general configuration of character information. The character information includes basic information D10 and additional information D20A, D20B . . . . Basic information D10 is a basic portion of the character information. Additional information D20A, D20B . . . is information added in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination of the character information. Additional information D20A, D20B . . . may also collectively be referred to as additional information D20. 
     Basic information D10 includes at least a character code, the number of times of movement, a terminal ID, an experience parameter, and a name of an island of origin. The character code refers to data specifying appearance in a case where a character corresponding to character information is displayed. For example, in a case where a character looks like a person, the character code is information specifying a color of eyes, a hairstyle, and the like. Information processing apparatus  1  can refer to information bringing a character code in correspondence with an object (such as a table). Thus, each information processing apparatus  1  can display an object corresponding to the character code (such as a character  50  which will be described later) if it obtains the character code. Information bringing a character code in correspondence with an object may be stored in internal storage device  14  or the like of each information processing apparatus  1  or may be stored in a storage device on a network accessible by processor  13 . The information is common to information processing apparatuses  1  belonging to information terminal control system  1000 . 
     The number of times of movement refers to information representing the number of times of transfer of character information. When parameter information in the character information is updated once, a value for the number of times of movement is updated by increment, for example, by “1”. 
     The terminal ID refers to identification information provided specifically for each information processing apparatus, and here, it refers to information specifying information processing apparatus  1  which has generated the character information. 
     The experience parameter refers to information of which value is changed in accordance with contents of processing in a game application in information processing apparatus  1 . Depending on contents of processing in the game application, a value for an experience parameter may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged when the parameter information is updated. 
     Each information processing apparatus  1  stores, for example, a name of information processing apparatus  1  input by the user. A name of an island of origin is a name of information processing apparatus  1  which has generated the character information. 
     Each piece of additional information D20 includes at least a name of an island, souvenir data, a flag for presentation, and data for presentation. A name of an island is a name of information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination. Souvenir data is data representing a “souvenir” made use of in processing which will be described later. A flag for presentation is a flag regarding presentation of specific contents. Data for presentation is data made use of for presentation. The flag for presentation and the data for presentation are information generated in accordance with contents of processing in the game application in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination. 
     For example, character information generated in information processing apparatus  1 A includes only basic information D10. As a result of update in information processing apparatus  1 B, additional information D20A is added to the character information. Thereafter, the character information is transferred to information processing apparatus  1 C and updated in information processing apparatus  1 C, so that additional information D20B is further added to the character information. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , in step A 10 , information processing apparatus  1 A generates character information.  FIG. 8  shows one example of the generated character information. 
     In the character information shown in  FIG. 8 , “CR0101” is set as one example of a value for a character code, “island (0)” is set as one example of a value for a name of an island of origin, “0” is set as one example of a value for the number of times of movement, “TA0123” is set as one example of a value for a terminal ID, and “0” is set as one example of a value for an experience parameter. The value for a terminal ID “TA0123” is a value specifying information processing apparatus  1 A. 
     Then, information processing apparatus  1 A transmits the character information to information processing apparatus  1 B through passing communication with information processing apparatus  1 B. In response thereto, information processing apparatus  1 B receives the character information in step B 10 . 
     The game application of information processing apparatus  1 B in  FIG. 15  causes a screen, for example, as shown with a screen IMG10, to be displayed until information processing apparatus  1 B receives character information from other information processing apparatuses  1  including information processing apparatus  1 A. Screen IMG10 shows a dock where nobody is present, which represents one example of a display screen showing a stand-by state in the game application. 
     When information processing apparatus  1 B receives the character information from information processing apparatus  1 A (step B 10 ), information processing apparatus  1 B moves the character information received in step B 10  from reception box for passing  141  to the work area. 
     Thereafter, information processing apparatus  1 B updates the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 A in accordance with contents of processing by the game application (step B 12 ).  FIG. 9  shows one example of the updated character information. As compared with  FIG. 8 , a value for the number of times of movement of the character information in  FIG. 9  has been incremented by 1 and additional information including an island name “island (1)” has been added to the character information. The additional information includes the island name “island (1)”, souvenir data having a value “P”, and a flag for presentation and data for presentation each having a value “NULL”. The value “P” for the souvenir data indicates a souvenir of the island corresponding to information processing apparatus  1 B (such as a specific type of food). The flag for presentation and the data for presentation will be described later. 
     Then, the game application of information processing apparatus  1 B causes, for example, a screen IMG12 to be displayed. Screen IMG 12 shows a scene that character  50  who was put on board a boat from another island has arrived at the dock. Character  50  corresponds to the character code “CR0101” and a traveler named “Ken”. 
     Referring to  FIG. 16 , in step B 14 , information processing apparatus  1 B stands by until occurrence of an event “record display” or an event “receive hospitality”. When the event “record display” occurs, control proceeds to step B 16 . When the event “receive hospitality” occurs, control proceeds to step B 18 . The event occurs, for example, based on a user&#39;s operation. 
     In step B 16 , information processing apparatus  1 B displays records of a character in character information. A screen IMG14 represents one example of a screen showing records. Since received progress records of a character can be checked, zest of data communication can be enhanced. Screen IMG 14 includes, together with a title “Ken&#39;s travel records”, an “island of origin” having a value “island (0)” and an “experience point” having a value “0”. The “island of origin” is a name of an island of origin in the character information. The “experience point” is a value for an experience parameter of the character information. Names of information processing apparatuses  1 A,  1 B,  1 C herein are defined as “island (0)”, “island (1)”, and “island (2)”, respectively. 
     Screen IMG14 further includes “the number of islands traveled” having a value “1” and a “distance of travel” having a value “96 km”. “The number of islands traveled” refers, for example, to the number of times of movement in the character information. The “distance of travel” refers, for example, to a length of a line connecting position information of each information processing apparatus  1  to which the character information has been transferred, in the order of transfer of the character information. In information terminal control system  1000 , each information processing apparatus  1  may specify position information based on a name of an island of each information processing apparatus  1 . In addition, character information may include information specifying position information of an island, separately from a name of each island (an island of origin or a name of an island in additional information). The position information may be information representing a location (such as a name of a prefecture) or may be represented by a plane coordinate. It is noted that a value for a distance of travel may be a product of a value for the number of times of movement and a given unit distance. 
     Screen IMG 14 further has a field of an “island traveled”. The field displays “island (1)”. The field displays a name of information processing apparatus  1  registered as an island name in “additional information”. 
     In step B 18 , information processing apparatus  1 B determines contents of a problem of a character which will be made use of for presentation, among contents registered in advance. Then, in step B 18 , information processing apparatus  1 B provides such presentation display that the character confides a problem having determined contents, as shown in a screen IMG16. In screen IMG16, character  50  confides its problem of hunger. 
     In step B 20 , information processing apparatus  1 B determines whether or not an event which occurred subsequent to display in step B 18  indicates implementation of a solution of the problem. When an event “to solve the problem” occurs, for example, a screen IMG18 ( FIG. 17 ) is displayed and thereafter control proceeds to step B 22  ( FIG. 17 ). Screen IMG18 shows presentation display that food is given to the character in order to solve the problem of “hunger”. 
     On the other hand, when an event “not to solve the problem” occurs, control proceeds from step B 20  to step B 24 . The event “to solve the problem” and the event “not to solve the problem” both occur based, for example, on a user&#39;s operation. 
     In step B 22 , information processing apparatus  1 B updates the character information.  FIG. 10  shows one example of updated character information. As compared with  FIG. 9 , the character information shown in  FIG. 10  has a value for the “experience parameter” incremented by “12”. Thereafter, control proceeds to step B 24 . The “experience parameter” may be subtracted by updating. 
     In step B 24 , information processing apparatus  1 B detects whether or not an operation indicating agreement with transmission of a commemorative picture has been performed. As the premise for step B 24 , for example, the game application in information processing apparatus  1 B requests the user to perform an operation to input “whether or not he/she agrees with transmission of a commemorative picture.” When an operation indicating agreement is performed, control proceeds to step B 26 , and when an operation indicating disagreement is performed, control proceeds to step B 28 . 
     In step B 26 , as shown in  FIG. 11 , values for the flag for presentation and the data for presentation are each updated and control proceeds to step B 28 . A value “1” is set as a value for the flag for presentation. For the value for the data for presentation, a character code of the character generated, for example, in information processing apparatus  1 B (in the example in  FIG. 11 , a value “CR0121”) is set. 
     In step B 28 , information processing apparatus  1 B stands by from reception of character information in step B 10  until dawn breaks. “Dawn breaks” means, for example, that the time kept by a timer has passed a specific time (for example, midnight). When dawn breaks, information processing apparatus  1 B prepares for next passing communication. “Prepare” here includes movement of updated character information ( FIG. 11 ) from the work area to transmission box for passing  144  and generation of a transmission task for transmission of the character information to server  2 . Server  2  accumulates the received character information (step S 10 ). 
     Thereafter, information processing apparatus  1 B transmits the updated character information to information processing apparatus  1 C as it carries out passing communication with information processing apparatus  1 C. Here, the game application of information processing apparatus  1 B causes, for example, a screen IMG20 to be displayed. Screen IMG20 shows a scene that character  50  which arrived at the island in screen IMG12 ( FIG. 15 ) is put on board a boat and leaves the island. 
     It is noted that the game application may provide presentation display that character  50  is caused to stand at the dock after it determines that the dawn broke and until information processing apparatus  1 B carries out passing communication with another information processing apparatus  1 . This presentation display can encourage the user of information processing apparatus  1 B to soon terminate such a state that character  50  stands alone at the dock, and thus the user can be invited to carry out passing communication of information processing apparatus  1 B with another information processing apparatus  1 . 
     In step C 10 , information processing apparatus  1 C receives the character information from information processing apparatus  1 B, and thereafter it performs processing (step B 10  to step B 28 ) the same as that performed by information processing apparatus  1 B which received the character information from information processing apparatus  1 A (step C 10 ). The character information is updated also in information processing apparatus  1 C as in information processing apparatus  1 B. Then, information processing apparatus  1 C transmits the updated character information to server  2 , and in step C 12 , it transmits the updated character information to another information processing apparatus  1  through passing communication. In accordance with a state of communication in information processing apparatus  1 C, information processing apparatus  1 C may transmit the updated character information (see  FIG. 13  which will be described later) to server  2  and thereafter transmit the same to another information processing apparatus  1 , or vice versa. When server  2  receives the character information from information processing apparatus  1 C, it accumulates the character information (step S 12 ). 
     Update of character information in information processing apparatus  1 C will be described with reference to  FIGS. 11 to 13 . Initially, the character information ( FIG. 11 ) transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B has the number of times of movement incremented by “1” as shown in  FIG. 12 , and additional information “island (2)” is added to the character information. A value “TA0125N” for souvenir data in additional information expressed as island (2) is a value which is combination of a value “TA0125” representing information processing apparatus  1 C and a value “N” representing position information of information processing apparatus  1 C. Values for the flag for presentation and the data for presentation are each set to “NULL”. 
     When solution of the problem is implemented in information processing apparatus  1 C, a value for an experience parameter is incremented by 8 as shown in  FIG. 13  and it has increased to “20”. 
     Whether or not to update values for the flag for presentation and the data for presentation is determined based on contents of an operation as to whether or not to agree with transmission of a commemorative picture in the game application, as described as step B 24 . In the present embodiment, in information processing apparatus  1 B, an operation indicating agreement with transmission of a commemorative picture has been performed. Therefore, in update of the character information in information processing apparatus  1 B, values for the flag for presentation and the data for presentation have been changed. It is assumed that, in information processing apparatus  1 C, an operation indicating disagreement with transmission of a commemorative picture has been performed. Thus, in the updated character information in information processing apparatus  1 C, values for the flag for presentation and the data for presentation remain as NULL, as shown in  FIG. 13 . 
     On the other hand, information processing apparatus  1 A stands by until an event of reception of character information accumulated in server  2  occurs in step A 12 . Then, when the event occurs in information processing apparatus  1 A, information processing apparatus  1 A requests server  2  to transmit the character information in information processing apparatus  1 A. The request includes transmission, for example, of the terminal ID of information processing apparatus  1 A itself and the time when the character information has previously been obtained from server  2  (the time of previous obtainment). In response, server  2  transmits the character information of information processing apparatus  1 A (the character information in which a value for a terminal ID is the value “TA0123” representing information processing apparatus  1 A) to information processing apparatus  1 A. 
     Server  2  has accumulated the character information ( FIG. 11 ) transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B and the character information ( FIG. 13 ) transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 C (steps S 10 , S 12 ). Server  2  transmits to information processing apparatus  1 A, the entire character information of information processing apparatus  1 A, of the character information accumulated in server  2  after the time of previous obtainment, in response to the request from information processing apparatus  1 A. Namely, the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 B and the character information transmitted from information processing apparatus  1 C are transmitted to information processing apparatus  1 A. 
     Then, in step A 14 , information processing apparatus  1 A performs display processing with the use of the character information received from server  2 . Contents of processing in step A 14  will be described later with reference to  FIGS. 19 to 25 . The process proceeds to step A 16 . In step A 16 , information processing apparatus  1 A stands by until a user&#39;s operation for displaying records of a character is performed. When the user&#39;s operation is performed, information processing apparatus  1 A causes control to proceed to step A 18 . In step A 18 , information processing apparatus  1 A displays records of a character.  FIG. 14  shows one example of a screen of records displayed in step A 18 . When information processing apparatus  1 A receives two or more pieces of character information from server  2 , it makes use of character information greatest in the number of times of movement among them, to thereby create the screen in  FIG. 14 . More specifically, when  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 13  are compared with each other, the character information shown in  FIG. 13  is greater in the number of times of movement. Therefore, information processing apparatus  1 A makes use of the character information shown in  FIG. 13  to thereby create the screen in  FIG. 14 . 
     The screen in  FIG. 14  includes items similar to those in screen IMG14 in  FIG. 16 . It is noted that, referring to  FIGS. 14 and 16 , increase in value for an experience point by “20” in the screen in  FIG. 14  is based on increase in value for the experience parameter by “12” in information processing apparatus  1 B and increase by “8” in information processing apparatus  1 C. The reason why the number of islands traveled increased by “1” in the screen in  FIG. 14  is because the character information was transmitted to information processing apparatus  1 B and thereafter it was further transmitted to information processing apparatus  1 C. In the screen in  FIG. 14 , the distance of travel increased by 22 km as compared with screen IMG14 in  FIG. 16 . This distance is, for example, a distance from a position specified by position information of information processing apparatus  1 B to a position specified by position information of information processing apparatus  1 C. 
     In addition, in the screen in  FIG. 14 , “island (1)” and “island (2)” are exemplified as islands traveled. Moreover, in the screen in  FIG. 14 , a region to which each island belongs (position information) is also shown together. Namely, where the character information has moved can be identified based on records of a character and hence zest of data communication can be enhanced. 
     In the processing described above with reference to  FIGS. 15 to 18 , when information processing apparatus  1  receives character information from another information processing apparatus  1 , it updates the number of times of movement in the character information and adds additional information to the character information. Furthermore, in information processing apparatus  1 , there is a case that setting for refusing reception of information from specific information processing apparatus  1  can be made. In this case, even when information processing apparatus  1  receives character information from specific information processing apparatus  1 , it does not update the number of times of movement nor add the character information. 
     [Display Processing (Step A 14 )] 
       FIG. 19  is a flowchart of a sub routine of step A 14 . Referring to  FIG. 19 , information processing apparatus  1 A selects in step A 1402 , character information to be displayed and control proceeds to step A 1404 . More specifically, when information processing apparatus  1 A receives two or more pieces of character information from server  2 , it selects character information to be displayed from among the two or more pieces of character information under a given condition. The condition here is exemplified, for example, by character information most recent among the two or more pieces of character information. 
     In step A 1404 , information processing apparatus  1 A determines a mode of display of character information. In the present embodiment, two types of display manners of “homecoming” and “letter” are prepared as display modes. When determination as a “homecoming” mode is made, control proceeds to step A 1406 . When determination as a “letter” mode is made, control proceeds to step A 1412 . In step A 1404 , information processing apparatus  1 A selects one manner of presentation out of two manners of presentation, such that, for example, each time processing shown in  FIG. 19  is performed, each of “homecoming” and “letter” is executed at a ratio set in advance. For example, in a case where a ratio of “homecoming” is set to 1/3 and a ratio of “letter” is set to “2/3”, when the processing in  FIG. 19  is performed 15 times, presentation of “homecoming” is selected approximately 5 times and presentation of “letter” is selected approximately 10 times. 
     It is noted that, in information processing apparatus  1 A, a maximum value for the number of times of movement of the character information received so far may be stored. In such a case, when a value for the number of times of movement of the character information selected in step A 1402  is smaller than the stored maximum value, the character information selected in step A 1402  is not the character information updated in a most recent transfer destination. Therefore, in such a case, information processing apparatus  1 A preferably selects in step A 1404 , “letter” as a display mode without exception. In step A 1406 , information processing apparatus  1 A generates a character object (character  50 ) and control proceeds to step A 1408 . Character  50  is an object corresponding to a character code “CR0101”. 
     A character object is generated mainly based on a value for a character code. It is noted that a character object may be changed in accordance with the number of times of movement. For example, a color of clothing worn by a character is changed in accordance with the number of times of movement. Thus, zest of passing communication (data communication) can be enhanced. 
     In the present embodiment, additional information (island (1), island (2), . . . ) added to character information in each information processing apparatus  1  makes up record information showing progress records, i.e., which information processing apparatus  1  has received character information. In addition, the number of times of movement constitutes record information similarly to additional information (island (1), island (2), . . . ). Then, a character object may be subject to change in color of clothing worn by the character in accordance with the number of pieces of record information instead of the number of times of movement (for example, the number of pieces of “souvenir data” in the character information). 
     In step A 1408 , information processing apparatus  1 A generates a souvenir object and control proceeds to step A 1410 . The souvenir object refers, for example, to local specialties of a character&#39;s destination. A type of the souvenir object is determined based on souvenir data (“P” of island (1), “N” of island (2)) in the character information. When a plurality of pieces of souvenir data are included in the character information selected as an object to be displayed in step A 1402 , a souvenir object corresponding to partial souvenir data therein may be generated or souvenir objects corresponding to the entire souvenir data may be generated. 
     In step A 1410 , information processing apparatus  1 A displays a screen generated by making use of the character object generated in step A 1406  and the souvenir object generated in step A 1408 . Display contents in step A 1410  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 20 to 22 . 
     In step A 1410 , initially, a screen shown in  FIG. 20  is displayed. The screen shown in  FIG. 20  shows a scene that a traveler (character  50 ) tells a player (the user of information processing apparatus  1 A) that he/she came back to his/her country (came home). This scene corresponds to the fact that the character corresponding to the character information generated in information processing apparatus  1 A has returned to information processing apparatus  1 A. Then, a screen shown in  FIG. 21  is displayed. The screen shown in  FIG. 21  shows a scene that character  50  hands a souvenir to the user. Then, a screen shown in  FIG. 22  is displayed. The screen shown in  FIG. 22  is a screen introducing a souvenir  51 . Souvenir  51  in  FIG. 22  is a souvenir object generated in step A 1408 .  FIG. 22  shows a “papaya” by way of example of a souvenir. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 19 , in step A 1412 , information processing apparatus  1 A determines whether or not a value “1” is set for at least one flag for presentation in the character information. When the value “1” is set for at least one flag for presentation, control proceeds to step A 1414 . When a value is not set for any flag for presentation (all NULL), control proceeds to step A 1416 . 
     In step A 1414 , data for presentation is extracted from the character information ( FIG. 11  or  FIG. 13 ) selected as an object to be displayed in step A 1402  and control proceeds to step A 1416 . 
     In step A 1416 , information processing apparatus  1 A generates a letter object and control proceeds to step A 1418 . 
     In step A 1418 , information processing apparatus  1 A displays the letter object generated in step A 1416 . 
     One example of a letter object displayed in step A 1418  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 23 to 25 . The letter object includes two parts.  FIG. 23  shows a first part. A screen in  FIG. 23  shows a message that “I traveled two islands so far,” together with a scene that character  50  reverts while he/she walks along the coast. The number of islands included in the message is, for example, equal to the number of times of movement of the character information. 
       FIG. 24  shows one example of a second part and shows a scene that a photograph FT01 is taken out of an envelope. Photograph FT01 includes character  50  and a character  55 . Character  50  corresponds to the character code “CR0101” generated in information processing apparatus  1 A. Character  55  corresponds to data for presentation (a character code) extracted in step A 1414 . A letter displayed in this example includes a commemorative picture in which character  50  generated in information processing apparatus  1 A is photographed together with character  55  generated in another information processing apparatus  1  (information processing apparatus  1 B). 
       FIG. 25  shows another example of the second part and shows a scene that a photograph FT02 is taken out of an envelope. Photograph FT02 includes only character  50 . 
     Whether or not a photograph displayed in the second part includes a character generated in another information processing apparatus  1  is determined based on a manner of update of character information in another information processing apparatus  1 . More specifically, as described with reference to steps B 24 , B 26  in  FIG. 17 , it is determined based on whether or not an operation indicating agreement with transmission of a commemorative picture has been performed in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination of the character information. When such an operation has been performed, a value “1” is set for a flag for presentation in the character information and the character information is updated such that data for presentation is added. When an operation indicating disagreement with transmission of a commemorative picture has been performed in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination of the character information, the character information is transmitted to server  2  and further to information processing apparatus  1 A while values for the flag for presentation and the data for presentation each remain as “NULL”. 
     In the present embodiment, character information includes a flag for presentation for each piece of additional information. It is noted that only one flag for presentation may be included commonly to every additional information in character information. In this case, information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination of character information sets a value for the common flag for presentation to 1 or NULL, depending on contents of an operation indicating agreement/disagreement with transmission of a commemorative picture. In step A 1412 , when a value for the common flag for presentation is set to 1, control proceeds to step A 1414 , and when it is set to NULL, control proceeds to step A 1416 . 
     In the present embodiment described above, each of the processing for “homecoming” described with reference to  FIGS. 20 to 22  and the processing for “letter” described with reference to  FIGS. 23 to 25  can be one example of display processing making use of an object. In the processing for “homecoming”, position information such as “P” functions as display identification information specifying contents of a souvenir. In the processing for “letter”, data for presentation of character information functions as display identification information specifying contents of a character photographed together with character  50  generated in information processing apparatus  1 A. 
     In the present embodiment, an information processing apparatus can change character information received between apparatuses and thereafter transmit the resultant information to another information processing apparatus through passing communication. Then, the character information changed in another information processing apparatus can be received through a server and then displayed. Namely, since display processing based on parameter information changed in another information processing apparatus is performed in an information processing apparatus, zest of data communication can be enhanced. 
     Though an experience parameter in character information is changed in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination in the present embodiment, a character code may further be changed. For example, in a case where a game application performs processing for changing a color of hairs of a character in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination (travel destination), the character information is updated such that a value of a portion of the character code corresponding to the color of hairs of the character is changed. 
     [First Variation] 
     In the information terminal control system, character information representing one example of information for communication is transmitted and received among a plurality of information processing apparatuses  1 . The character information shown in  FIG. 7  and the like includes additional information D20A, D20B. Additional information D20A, D20B includes information specifying information processing apparatus  1  which is a transmission destination (an island name). Internal storage device  14  of information processing apparatus  1  stores information associating an island name and a position with each other. Processor  13  makes use of the information for specifying a position relating to each information processing apparatus  1 . The specified position is made use of for calculating a “distance of travel” described above. On the other hand, character information in a first variation includes information specifying a position relating to each of information processing apparatuses  1 . Calculation of a “distance of travel” in the first variation will be described hereinafter with reference to  FIG. 26 . 
     (Position Information Relating to Information Processing Apparatus) 
       FIG. 26  is a diagram for illustrating a configuration of character information made use of in the first variation. As shown in  FIG. 26 , character information includes basic information D11 and additional information D21A, D21B. 
     Basic information D11 further includes “position information on island of origin,” as compared with basic information D10 in  FIG. 7 . “Position information on island of origin” represents one example of position information relating to information processing apparatus  1  which generated the character information. Internal storage device  14  of each information processing apparatus  1  may register position information relating to information processing apparatus  1  therein. The user may register an arbitrary place such as a place of memory of the user in information processing apparatus  1  as position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 . 
     For example, “position information on island of origin” is incorporated in the character information as “position information relating to information processing apparatus” stored in internal storage device  14  is read at the time of generation of the character information. It is noted that the timing of incorporation of “position information relating to information processing apparatus” in the character information as “position information on island of origin” is not limited to the time point of generation of the character information, so long as the timing is before transmission from information processing apparatus  1  in which the character information has been generated to another information processing apparatus  1 . 
     Additional information D21A, D21B further includes “island position information,” as compared with additional information D20A, D20B in  FIG. 7  and the like. Likewise additional information D20A, D20B, additional information D21A, D21B is successively added to the character information as the character information is updated in information processing apparatus  1  which is a transfer destination. The “island position information” is position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 , which is stored in information processing apparatus  1  updating the character information. 
     As understood from the description above, “(N00, E00)” in  FIG. 26  represents one example of position information relating to information processing apparatus  1  specified by “island (0)” (position information on island of origin). In addition, “(N01, E01)”, “(N02, E02)” represent examples of position information relating to information processing apparatuses  1  specified by “island (1)”, “island (2)” (island position information), respectively. “N00”, “N01”, “N02” represent examples of values for north latitude. “E00”, “E01”, “E02” represent examples of values for east longitude. 
     In the first variation, processor  13  makes use of “position information on island of origin” or “island position information” for calculating a “distance of travel” described above. More specifically, in a case of calculating a “distance of travel” based on the character information shown in  FIG. 26 , processor  13  calculates a distance between position information on island of origin of island (0) and island position information of island (1), to thereby calculate a distance between the island position information of island (1) and island position information of island (2). Then, processor  13  sums these two calculated distances to thereby calculate a “distance of travel”. 
     (Input of Position Information Relating to Information Processing Apparatus) 
     A manner of input of “position information relating to information processing apparatus” will be described. The user can directly input “position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 ” in each information processing apparatus  1 , for example, by operating input device  11 . 
     In addition, the user can input an address or a location (such as a name of facilities) as “position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 .” In this case, processor  13  specifies position information corresponding to the address or the location (such as a name of facilities) by searching a given table or the like. The table may be stored in internal storage device  14  or stored in a storage device outside information processing apparatus  1 , such as server  2 . Association between an address or a location (such as a name of facilities) in the table above and a position is exemplified by association between a “prefecture name” as an address or a location (such as a name of facilities) and a position of a prefectural capital of each prefecture as the position. 
     (Character Information) 
     The character information shown in  FIG. 26  and the like includes island position information for each piece of additional information. It is noted that, after a “distance of travel” is calculated as above, island position information other than island position information in the most recent additional information (additional information D21B in the character information in  FIG. 26 ) may be erased. Namely, processor  13  may cause a “distance of travel” to be stored in the character information, instead of island position information other than island position information in the most recent additional information, of island position information for each piece of additional information. Thus, a capacity of character information to be transmitted and received can be suppressed, so that load imposed by processing for transmission and reception on information processing apparatus  1  can be suppressed. 
     When such character information is transmitted to another information processing apparatus  1 , processor  13  of information processing apparatus  1  which is a transmission destination calculates a distance based on “island position information in the most recent additional information” included in the received character information and the island position information of information processing apparatus  1  which is the transmission destination. Then, processor  13  calculates a new “distance of travel” by summing the calculated distance and a “distance of travel” included in the received character information. 
     [Second Variation] 
     A second variation of information processing apparatus  1  includes means for obtaining position information.  FIG. 27  is a block diagram of hardware in the second variation of information processing apparatus  1 . 
     As understood from  FIG. 27 , the second variation of information processing apparatus  1  includes a global positioning system (GPS) reception device  17 . GPS reception device  17  specifies a position of information processing apparatus  1  by receiving radio waves from a GPS satellite and outputs the specified position to processor  13 . Processor  13  causes internal storage device  14  to store the position specified based on radio waves received from the GPS satellite as “position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 .” Thus, the second variation of information processing apparatus  1  can make use of the position obtained from the GPS satellite as “position information on island of origin” or “island position information” in the character information shown in  FIG. 26 . 
     It is noted that the GPS satellite is merely one example of means for obtaining position information. For example, position information may also be obtained by obtaining what is called a geo tag from access point  7  or a server. 
     [Third Variation] 
     In a third variation of information processing apparatus  1 , a position at which character information has been transmitted and received among the plurality of information processing apparatuses  1  is made use of as “position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 .” A configuration in the third variation will be described below. 
       FIG. 28  is a diagram showing one example of character information handled in the third variation of information processing apparatus  1 . As understood from  FIG. 28 , in the third variation, the character information includes additional information D22A, D22B instead of additional information D21A, D21B. Each additional information D22A, D22B includes “passing position information” instead of “island position information.” 
     Likewise the second variation, the third variation of information processing apparatus  1  may include a hardware block configuration shown in  FIG. 27 . In the third variation of information processing apparatus  1 , processor  13  makes use of GPS reception device  17  at the time when it updates character information in step B 12  (see  FIG. 15 ), to thereby obtain a position of information processing apparatus  1  and incorporate the position in “island position information” in the character information. 
     In  FIG. 28 , “island (1)” in additional information D22A corresponds to information processing apparatus  1 B. Then, passing position information in additional information D22A indicates a position of information processing apparatus  1 B at the time of reception of character information from information processing apparatus  1 A. 
     “Island (2)” in additional information D22B corresponds to information processing apparatus  1 C. Then, passing position information in additional information D22B indicates a position of information processing apparatus  1 C at the time of reception of character information from information processing apparatus  1 B. 
     In calculation of a “distance of travel” based on the character information shown in  FIG. 28 , processor  13  calculates a distance between position information on island of origin of island (0) and passing position information of island (1), to thereby calculate a distance between the passing position information of island (1) and passing position information of island (2). Then, processor  13  calculates a “distance of travel” by summing these two calculated distances. Thus, the “distance of travel” can be calculated as a distance of a path close to an actual path of travel of the character information. 
     Namely, the calculated distance is calculated as a distance of a path having each point of actual transmission and reception of the character information as a relay point. In this path, a position registered in information processing apparatus  1  in which the character information has been generated (position information on island of origin) is the starting point and each point of actual transmission and reception of the character information is a relay point. In the third variation, passing position information in additional information D22A, D22B is “position information relating to information processing apparatus  1 ” with regard to information processing apparatus  1  corresponding to additional information D22A, D22B. 
     It is noted that the first variation to the third variation can be combined. Namely, some of position information (position information on island of origin, island position information, passing position information) in basic information or additional information in the character information may indicate a position registered in advance in information processing apparatus  1  and other may indicate a position at the time when the character information was received. 
     [Fourth Variation] 
     A fourth variation relates to calculation of a “distance of travel” in a case where character information does not include position information of some information processing apparatuses  1 . 
       FIG. 29  is a diagram showing one example of character information transmitted and received in the fourth variation. Additional information D23B in  FIG. 29  does not have a value for passing position information. For example, when GPS reception device  17  of information processing apparatus  1 C failed to receive radio waves from a GPS satellite in the third variation, character information may be in a state as shown in  FIG. 29 . 
     In calculation of a “distance of travel” in a case where some position information is missing, instead of a distance which should have been obtained by making use of position information which should have been present, a given distance is made use of. In calculation of a “distance of travel” based on the character information shown in  FIG. 29 , passing position information of island (2) is missing, and therefore a distance between passing position information of island (1) and passing position information of island (2) cannot be calculated. Therefore, in the fourth variation, processor  13  calculates a distance between position information on island of origin of island (0) and passing position information of island (1) and adds a given distance (such as 5 km) to this distance, to thereby calculate a “distance of travel”. 
     Calculation of a “distance of travel” making use of a given distance when position information is missing described in the fourth variation is not limited to a case where position information is obtained by a GPS reception device. It is applicable also to a case where position information stored in advance in information processing apparatus  1  is made use of, such as a case where the user has not registered position information in information processing apparatus  1 . 
     It is noted that a method of calculating a “distance of travel” in the fourth variation is also applicable to a case where position information of information processing apparatus  1  which is a transmission side of the character information matches with position information of information processing apparatus  1  on a reception side. In the example described above, when passing position information of island (1) is the same as passing position information of island (2) as well, processor  13  calculates a distance between position information on island of origin of island (0) and passing position information of island (1) and adds a given distance (such as 5 km) to this distance, to thereby calculate a “distance of travel”. 
     [Fifth Variation] 
     In information processing apparatus  1 , as character information is made use of, a total of distances each calculated for each transfer path is displayed as a “distance of travel” (see  FIG. 14  or IMG14 in  FIG. 16 ). In a fifth variation, a distance calculated for each transfer path is also displayed, together with the total.  FIG. 30  is a diagram showing one example of a screen based on character information, which is displayed in the fifth variation. 
     A screen in  FIG. 30  includes display of names of three islands of “island (0)”, “island (1)”, and “island (2)” as “islands traveled”. Display of the names of these three islands means that character information was transmitted from “island (0)” to “island (1)” and further transmitted from “island (1)” to “island (2)”. 
     The screen in  FIG. 30  also includes display of a “distance of travel” (118 km). This distance is a total of distances calculated for each of two transmission paths. The two transmission paths are a transmission path from “island (0)” to “island (1)” and a transmission path from “island (1)” to “island (2)”. 
     The screen in  FIG. 30  further includes display showing a distance between “island (0)” and “island (1)” (“42 km”) and display showing a distance between “island (1)” and “island (2)” (“76 km”). Each of these corresponds to the distance calculated for each transmission path above. 
     The distance between “island (0)” and “island (1)” is a distance between position information on island of origin of “island (0)” and island position information (or passing position information) of “island (1)”. The distance between “island (1)” and “island (2)” is a distance between island position information (or passing position information) of “island (1)” and island position information (or passing position information) of “island (2)”. According to the display as shown in  FIG. 30 , the user can visually recognize relation of a position specified by position information relating to each information processing apparatus  1 . Thus, zest of data communication can be enhanced. 
     There is a case where the user can arbitrarily set position information relating to each information processing apparatus  1 . Therefore, set position information may significantly be different from a location to which each information processing apparatus  1  is intimately related in the real world (such as a user&#39;s home). In such a case, in particular, a value of a distance displayed as a distance calculated for each transfer path has unpredictability and zest can further be enhanced. 
     A distance displayed as a distance for each transfer path in the fifth variation may also be obtained in accordance with the fourth variation described above. Namely, in a case of displaying a distance between position information on island of origin of “island (0)” and island position information (or passing position information) of “island (1)”, when at least any one piece of information cannot be obtained, processor  13  may display a given distance as the distance. 
     In addition, in a case where position information on island of origin of “island (0)” is the same as island position information (or passing position information) of “island (1)” as well, processor  13  may display a given distance as a distance between position information on island of origin of “island (0)” and island position information (or passing position information) of “island (1)”. 
     While certain example systems, methods, devices, and apparatuses have been described herein, it is to be understood that the appended claims are not to be limited to the systems, methods, devices, and apparatuses disclosed, but on the contrary, are intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.