Patent Publication Number: US-8966718-B2

Title: Coupling ring, methods and applications

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
     The instant application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/442,045 entitled COUPLER, METHODS, and APPLICATIONS and to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/442,064 entitled COUPLER/COUPLING RING ASSEMBLY, METHODS, and APPLICATIONS, all filed on Apr. 9, 2012. 
     GOVERNMENT SPONSORSHIP 
     N/A. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to the field of seismic exploration. More particularly, embodiments described herein relate to a coupler, a coupling ring, a coupler/coupling ring assembly, and applications of same, for connecting lengths of rope or cable and attaching seismic data recording nodes to said lengths of rope or cable. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Seismic exploration operations generally utilize a seismic energy source to generate an acoustic signal that propagates into the earth. The acoustic signal is partially reflected by subsurface seismic reflectors in the earth, which may include interfaces between subsurface lithologic or fluid layers that may be characterized by different elastic properties. The reflected signals are detected and recorded by seismic receiver units (hereinafter, ‘nodes’) located at or near the surface of the earth, thereby generating a seismic survey of the subsurface environment. The recorded signals, or seismic energy data, can then be processed to yield information relating to the lithologic subsurface formations, identifying such features as, for example, lithologic subsurface formation boundaries. 
     Generally, the method for detection and recording of seismic signals is similar on land and in marine environments; however, marine environments present unique challenges presented by the body of water overlying the earth&#39;s surface. Seismic exploration operations in marine environments are typically conducted from the deck of one or more seismic exploration vessels, such as floating platforms or ships. The seismic exploration vessels typically provide storage and transportation for a plurality of nodes and associated operational equipment. Seismic exploration in deep water typically involves the deployment of nodes from the deck of the seismic exploration vessel and their placement on or near the bottom of a body of water. 
     As shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,933,165 (the &#39;165 patent), the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety,  FIG. 1A  is a schematic side view of a deployment operation from a vessel  5  using a (load-bearing, non-signal-transmitting) cable  1 . In the deployment operation, the cable  1  is paid out over a backdeck  10  of the vessel  5  from a spool, sheave or pulley, powered or otherwise, such as a cable handling device  15 . The cable  1  includes a plurality of connectors  20  that must pass through at least a portion of the cable handler  15 . A seismic sensor unit (‘node’)  25  is coupled to each of the respective connectors  20  as the cable passes over the backdeck  10  by personnel onboard the vessel. In the deployment operation, the nodes  25  are coupled to the connectors  20  by a lanyard  30 , which may be a length of flexible rope, cable, or chain. The cable with nodes  25  coupled thereto form a mainline cable that falls to rest on or near a bottom  40  of a body of water  35  to form at least a portion of a seismic array. The mainline cable may be many miles long and have over 200 nodes attached. After one or more mainline cables are positioned on the bottom  40  to assist in lowering the nodes to the bottom  40 , the seismic survey is performed. 
     Referring again to the &#39;165 patent,  FIG. 1B  is a perspective view of a portion of the (load-bearing, non-signal-transmitting) cable  1  prior to coupling with nodes  25  of  FIG. 1A . Each of the connectors  20  typically include a body  45  that is larger than the diameter of the cable, and is configured to clamp or fasten to an outer surface of the cable. The connectors  20  include ring-like or hook-like members  50  to facilitate connection and disconnection of the nodes. The cable also includes a plurality of discrete cable coupling devices  55  configured to connect ends of cable sections to increase the overall length of the cable. After the seismic survey, the cable and nodes are retrieved. During retrieval, the cable is spooled or routed through a winch, reel or sheave, a pinch roller powered or otherwise, for example, the cable handler  15  of  FIG. 1A , which pulls the cable and nodes from the water. As the cable passes over the deck of the vessel, the nodes are detached from the cable and the cable and nodes are stowed. 
     As the cable  1  shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  may be routed through a cable handler during deployment and/or retrieval, the connectors  20  and/or cable coupling devices  55  pose a risk of snagging, binding, or tangling the cable. In some cases, the ring-like or hook-like members  50  protrude from the periphery of the body  45 , which may snag, bind, or tangle the cable. Further, the ring-like or hook-like members  50  create the risk of injury to personnel that may be in the vicinity of the cable, such as during node coupling and decoupling. Still further, in rough seas or merely during the node deployment and/or recapture operations, the lanyard may become pinched at the point of connection to the connector, resulting in entanglement or disconnection and loss of one or more nodes. 
       FIG. 1C  (FIG. 7A of the &#39;165 patent) is a perspective view of a cable connector  715 , which includes a rotatable clamp  700  disposed on a central coupling section  225 . The rotatable clamp  700  includes a swivel portion  705  and an attachment ring  710  coupled by a neck  725 . The swivel portion  705  is configured to be positioned within a circumferential groove in the connector and is rotatable relative to the groove and/or the connector  715 . The attachment ring  710  is configured as an attachment point for a node or a node tether and/or a clamp device as described in the &#39;165 patent. As shown, the attachment ring  710  is shaped as a D-ring and includes a gap  720  to define a split ring. The outer dimension of the swivel portion  705  is substantially circular and defines a diameter that is equal to or slightly smaller than an outer diameter of the central coupling section  225  of the connector. 
     The inventors have recognized the advantages and benefits of a practical and robust solution directed to solving the problems and addressing the shortcomings in the art described above and others known in the art. 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of the invention is directed to a coupler. A non-limiting, exemplary embodiment of the invention is a coupler for a load-bearing cable, particularly in, but not limited to, undersea applications. The coupler includes a body portion having integral first and second ends and an integral gate having a key entry region, wherein the body portion has a free space at least partially enclosed by an inner surface of the body portion and the gate. In various non-limiting aspects the coupler further includes the following features and/or characteristics: 
     the key entry region is a solid, integral portion of the gate;
         the key entry region has a thickness that is less than the thickness of any other portion of the gate;
           the key entry region thickness is greater than 0.015 in.;   
           the key entry region is flat;       

     the key entry region consists of a spaced opening between opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate;
         at least one of the distal ends is tapered to form a distal edge;
           the distal edge has a length, L, along an axis and a width, W, along a different axis;
               the distal edge has a length, L, along an x-axis and a width, W, along a y-axis that is perpendicular to the x-axis, further wherein the coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis that is perpendicular to the x- and y-axes;   
               
           at least one of the opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate includes an integral lip;   the opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate are separated by a distance d, where d≧0.015 in.;   d is a constant value;   the opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate are symmetrical;       

     the first and second ends are threaded and the connecting ends of the first and second end connectors are threaded; 
     the inner surface of the body portion is angled;
         the inner surface of the body portion has an apex intermediate its ends;       

     the inner surface of the body portion is curved; 
     the inner surface of the body portion is flat; 
     the gate further comprises two opposing, disconnected tongue sections having respective distal ends;
         at least one of the distal ends is tapered to form a distal edge;
           the distal edge has a length, L, along an x-axis and a width, W, along a y-axis that is perpendicular to the x-axis, further wherein the coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis that is perpendicular to the x- and y-axes;   
           at least one of the tongue sections has a lip;   the distal ends of the two opposing tongue sections are separated by a distance d, where d≧0.015 in.;
           d is a constant value;   
           the two opposing tongue sections are symmetrical.       

     In a related embodiment, the coupler includes a body portion having first and second ends, and two opposing, symmetrical tongue sections having respective, opposing distal ends disposed between the first and second ends, further wherein the body portion has an open free space defined by an inner surface of the body portion and the two opposing tongue sections, further wherein at least one of the distal ends is tapered to form a distal edge, further wherein the distal ends of the two opposing tongue sections are separated by a distance d, where d≧0.015 in., which defines an opening into the free space of the coupler body, further wherein the distal edge has a length, L, along an axis and a width, W, along a different axis. In various non-limiting aspects the coupler further includes the following features and/or characteristics: 
     further wherein the distal edge has a length, L, along an x-axis and a width, W, along a y-axis that is perpendicular to the x-axis, further wherein the coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis that is perpendicular to the x- and y-axes. 
     the free end of at least one of the tongue sections has a lip that protrudes inwardly; 
     the first end is threaded; 
     the inner surface of the body portion is angled;
         the inner surface of the body portion has an apex disposed intermediate its ends;       

     the inner surface of the body portion is curved; 
     the inner surface of the body portion is flat; 
     d is a constant value. 
     An embodiment of the invention is directed to a coupling ring. A non-limiting, exemplary embodiment of the invention is a coupling ring that includes an integral perimetal body having a head section, a foot section, and two arm sections therebetween, wherein at least one of the arm sections has a key region, further wherein the key region consists of a solid, integral portion of the at least one arm section. In various non-limiting aspects the coupling ring further includes the following features and/or characteristics: 
     the key region has a thickness that is less than the thickness of any other portion of the arm; 
     the key region has a thickness that is greater than 0.015 in.; 
     the key region is flat; 
     the key region is disposed closer to the foot section than to the head section; 
     the head section has an interior curvature, C, and the foot section has an opposing interior curvature, c, where c&gt;C; 
     the coupling ring further includes a crossbar integrally connecting the two arm sections, disposed between the key region and the foot section; 
     the coupling ring further includes at least one nub that protrudes inwardly from an inner surface of the perimetal body, disposed between the key region and the foot section; 
     the key region has two opposing walls in the shape of a V; 
     the key region has two opposing, inclined walls and a flat surface intermediate a base end of the walls, in the shape of a  ; 
     the key region has two opposing, inclined top walls and two opposing, inclined bottom walls, and a flat region having a rectangular cross sectional shape between the top and bottom walls, in the shape of a  ; 
     the key region is a pinched region of the arm having an arbitrary shape of reduced dimension. 
     An embodiment of the invention is directed to a coupler/coupling ring assembly. In an exemplary embodiment, the coupler/coupling ring assembly is particularly suited for interconnecting lengths of load-bearing cable; more particularly, but not limited to, in undersea applications, and attaching a seismic data recording device to the coupler via the coupling ring. In a non-limiting, exemplary embodiment of the invention the coupler/coupling ring assembly comprises a coupler including a body portion having integral first and second ends and an integral gate having a key entry region consisting of a spaced opening between opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate, wherein the body portion has a free space at least partially enclosed by an inner surface of the body portion and the gate; and a coupling ring that is removeably engageable with the coupler, the coupling ring including an integral perimetal body having a head section, a foot section, and two arm sections therebetween, wherein at least one of the arm sections has a key region that is complimentary to the gate, further wherein the key region consists of a solid, integral portion of the at least one arm section. In various non-limiting aspects the coupling ring further includes the following features and/or characteristics: 
     at least one of the distal ends of the gate is tapered to form a distal edge;
         the distal edge has a length, L, along an axis and a width, W, along a different axis;
           further wherein the distal edge has a length, L, along an x-axis and a width, W, along a y-axis that is perpendicular to the x-axis, further wherein the coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis that is perpendicular to the x- and y-axes.   
               

     at least one of the opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate includes an integral lip; 
     the opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate are separated by a distance d, where d≧0.015 in.; 
     d is a constant value; 
     the opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate are symmetrical; 
     the gate further comprises two opposing, disconnected tongue sections having respective distal ends;
         the distal end of at least one of the tongue sections is tapered to form a distal edge having a length, L, along an axis and a width, W, along a different axis;   further wherein the distal edge has a length, L, along an x-axis and a width, W, along a y-axis that is perpendicular to the x-axis, further wherein the coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis that is perpendicular to the x- and y-axes.       

     the coupling ring has a maximum separation distance between the two arms that is substantially equal to or greater than a maximum cross sectional y-axis dimension of the body portion of the coupler; 
     the key region of the coupling ring has a thickness that is less than the thickness of any other portion of the arm; 
     the key region of the coupling ring has a thickness that is greater than 0.015 in.; 
     the key region of the coupling ring is flat; 
     the key region of the coupling ring is disposed closer to the foot section than to the head section; 
     the head section has an interior curvature, C, and the foot section has an opposing interior curvature, c, where c&gt;C; 
     the coupling ring further comprises a crossbar integrally connecting the two arm sections, disposed between the key region and the foot section; 
     further comprising at least one nub that protrudes inwardly from an inner surface of the perimetal body of the coupling ring, disposed between the key region and the foot section. 
     Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description to follow, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the invention as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary of the invention, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the invention as it is claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operation of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will be more fully understood and appreciated by reading the following Detailed Description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1A  is a schematic side view of a deployment operation of a seismic cable from a marine vessel, as known in the art; 
         FIG. 1B  is a perspective view of a portion of a seismic cable, as known in the art; 
         FIG. 1C  is a perspective view of a portion of a cable connector that includes a rotatable clamp, as known in the art; 
         FIG. 2  is a photograph of a coupler according to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a photograph of a coupler according to a non-limiting exemplary aspect of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a photograph of a coupling ring according to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a photograph of a coupling ring according to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a photograph of the key region of a coupling ring according to a non-limiting, exemplary aspect of the invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a photograph of a coupler and a coupling ring of a coupler/coupling ring assembly in an unassembled state, according to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention. The rope lanyard and D-link are not part of the invention per se; and 
         FIG. 8  is a photograph of a coupler/coupling ring assembly, according to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF NON-LIMITING, EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     An exemplary embodiment of a cable coupler  100  that is particularly suited for interconnecting lengths of load-bearing cable (e.g., rope, plastic cable, braided cable, etc.) is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The coupler  100  includes a body portion  102  having first and second ends  103 - 1 ,  103 - 2 . The coupler body also comprises an integral gate  207  having a key entry region  208 . The coupler body also has an open free space  107  that is at least partially enclosed by an inner surface  110  of the body portion and the gate  207  (also see  FIG. 8 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the open free space is substantially enclosed by two opposing tongue sections  105 - 1 ,  105 - 2 , which form the gate. The two opposing, integral tongue sections  105 - 1 ,  105 - 2  have respective, opposing distal (free) ends  106 - 1 ,  106 - 2  (see  FIG. 8 ) that are disposed between the first and second ends of the body portion. As illustrated, the tongue sections are symmetric in size and shape, but need not be. In the exemplary aspect, the distal end ( 106 - 1 ,  106 - 2 ) of each tongue section is tapered to form an edge of length L oriented along an x-axis as shown in  FIGS. 2 ,  3 . The edge has a width W oriented along a y-axis as shown. Further, the coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis of the coordinate system. The x-y-z axes form a Cartesian coordinate system. In a non-limiting, exemplary aspect, the distal ends of the tongue sections are separated by a distance d, forming the key entry region of the gate. In an aspect, d is as small as is practically possible; more particularly, d≧0.015 in.; more particularly, d≦0.5 in., however, d may be greater than 0.125 in. The exemplary range 0.015≦d≦0.125 in. represents a practical operational distance in undersea seismic node applications. The separation distance d is constant, as illustrated, but may alternatively vary over the length L. Again, as will be more clearly described below in relation to the coupler/coupling ring assembly, the size, shape, orientation, and separation of the tongue sections, or other geometries of the gate and key entry region, are designed to optimally facilitate the intentional engagement/disengagement of the coupling ring (described below) with the coupler while minimizing the opportunity for unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler while in-use. To this end, the distal end of at least one of the tongue sections has a lip  212  ( FIG. 2 ) that protrudes inwardly towards the free space  107 . As illustrated, the lip has an inclined surface, which again is designed to minimizing the opportunity for unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler while in-use. The skilled person will appreciate that other shapes of the lip(s) (e.g., “j,” “L,” “hook,” “ball,” others) may be used, which all will function to deflect the complimentary key region of the coupling ring (described below) from disengageable alignment with the key entry region of the gate of the coupler. 
     As further illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the inner surface  110  of the coupler body  102  is angled. Although it may be angled in a single or multiple directions, it is shown in the figure as a symmetrical roof (or valley) having an apex that is aligned opposite to the key entry space separating the opposing distal ends of the tongue sections  105 - 1 ,  105 - 2 . Alternatively, the inner surface  110  could be curved or flat. As will be more clearly described below in relation to the coupler/coupling ring assembly, the size and shape of the open space  107  is designed to facilitate limited free movement of the engaged coupling ring within the space in an in-use environment while minimizing the opportunity for unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler, while at the same time optimizing the ease of intentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler. 
       FIG. 3  shows an exemplary aspect  100 - 1  of the coupler  100  including a tapered first end connector  302  that can be (and is, as shown) removeably coupled at a connecting end  307  of the first end connector  302  to the first end  103 - 1  of the coupler. In the illustrated exemplary aspect, the first end  103 - 1  of the coupler and the connecting end  307  of the first end connector  302  are threaded to enable a secure connection. Other mechanisms known in the art to make a secure connection, such as but not limited to, a tongue/groove, a snap fit, a key/lock, and others may be used. The first end connector  302  has an opposing, open end  309  (see also  FIG. 7 ) that is adapted to receive and securely hold a terminal end of a cable  1  (see  FIG. 7 ), as known in the art. 
     If the coupler  100  is a terminal coupler (as shown, e.g., in  FIG. 7 ), then the second end  103 - 2  of the coupler body may simply terminate with an arbitrarily shaped end, a capped end, a tapered end, threaded end, or otherwise. Alternatively, if the coupler  100  is an intermediate coupler for interconnecting two lengths of cable, then the second end  103 - 2  of the coupler body will be similar to the first end, comprising a tapered second end connector  303  that likely is identical to the first end connector  302 , which can be removeably coupled at a connecting end thereof to the second end  103 - 2  of the coupler body. Alternatively, the first and second ends may be counter-threaded. 
     According to an alternative aspect, the key entry region of the coupler body may be a solid, integral portion of the gate. In this aspect, it may look identical or similar to the key region  417  of the coupling ring as shown in  FIG. 6 . In this aspect, the key entry region has a thickness that is less than the thickness of any other portion of the gate. Further, as a complimentary portal to the key region of the coupling ring, the key entry region may have a thickness greater than 0.015 in., advantageously between 0.015 in. and 0.125 in., or greater than 0.125 in. The key entry region may be flat as shown, or of another complimentary shape (and size, orientation, etc.) to the key region of the coupling ring. In this aspect, the key region of the coupling ring will comprise opposing, disconnected ends to allow engagement/disengagement of the coupling ring with the coupler body. 
     A complimentary embodiment of the invention is a coupling ring  400  as illustrated in  FIG. 4  (see also  FIG. 7 ). The coupling ring  400  has an integral perimetal body  402  having a head section  407 , a foot section  409 , and two arm sections  411  therebetween. The body  402  has a curvilinear cross sectional shape typical of a forged metal link such as, e.g., a D-link or a pear-link. At least one of the arm sections  411  has a key region  417  that consists of a solid, integral portion of the at least one arm section. As shown in  FIG. 6 , when viewed from the side, the key region of the coupling ring body has a minimal thickness, T, where advantageously, 0.015 in.&lt;T&lt;0.125 in. and is complimentary to the key entry region distance of the coupler, d, described above. Advantageously, the key region  417  as shown in  FIGS. 4 ,  4 -A has at least one flat surface region  418 . The key region  417  is further shown having symmetric, inclined opposing side walls  429  that form a 
     “ ” 
     shape. Alternatively, if no flat surface region  418  is present, the key region may be in the shape of a “V”; or the shape of a “ ” in the presence of the flat surface region  418  only on one side of the coupling ring body. The size, shape, and orientation of the key region may advantageously have a different shape as long as it is complimentary to the key entry region of the gate of the coupler. The size, shape, thickness, and orientation of the key region (particularly with opposing flat surface regions) is designed to optimize the ease of intentional engagement/disengagement of the coupling ring with the coupler and minimize the unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler while in-use. Advantageously, the at least one key region in the at least one arm of the coupling ring body is disposed closer to the foot section than to the head section. This placement facilitates, among other advantages, ease of intentional engagement/disengagement of the coupling ring with the coupler and minimizes the unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler while in-use. 
     The geometric functional optimization of the coupling ring and the coupler/coupling ring assembly benefit from the advantageous exemplary ‘pear-link’ shape of the coupler ring (FIG.  4 ). In this aspect, the head section has an interior curvature, C, and the foot section has an opposing interior curvature, c, where c&gt;C. 
     The coupling ring  400  in  FIG. 4  further includes a crossbar  421  that integrally connects with the two arm sections, and which is disposed between the key region and the foot section. While the crossbar may add strength to the coupling ring, it advantageously creates a barrier against movement of the looped end of the rope or cable of the lanyard away from the foot section of the coupling ring body under in-use conditions. Maintaining the looped end of the rope or cable of the lanyard about the foot section of the coupling ring body aids in stabilizing the position and movement of the coupling ring in the coupler while in-use, thus further minimizing the unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler while in-use, and avoiding pinching or other unwanted effects on the lanyard rope or cable. To this end, the coupling ring may alternatively include, in place of the crossbar, at least one nub  490  that protrudes inwardly from an inner surface of the perimetal body and disposed between the key region and the foot section, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 . The at least one nub would function similarly to the crossbar in creating a barrier against movement of the looped end of the rope or cable of the lanyard away from the foot section of the coupling ring body. As would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, the at least one nub may have a variable length, angular orientation, body and/or end shape, etc. to best provide its barrier functionality. 
     A complimentary embodiment of the invention is a coupler/coupling ring assembly  500  as illustrated in  FIGS. 7 ,  8 .  FIG. 7  shows a coupler  100 - 2  and a coupling ring  400 - 1  comprising the coupler/coupling ring assembly  500  in a disengaged assembly condition. As shown, the coupler/coupling ring assembly comprises a coupler, including a body portion having first and second ends, and an integral gate having a key entry region consisting of a space between opposing, disconnected distal ends of the gate. As shown, the gate comprises two opposing tongue sections having respective, opposing distal (free) ends separated by a distance, d, forming a key entry region, disposed between the first and second ends, further wherein the body portion has an open free space that is substantially enclosed by an inner surface of the body portion and the two opposing tongue sections; and a coupling ring that is removeably engageable with the coupler, the coupling ring including an integral perimetal body having a head section, a foot section, and two arm sections therebetween, wherein at least one of the arm sections has a key region that is complimentary to the gate, further wherein the key region consists of a solid, integral portion of the at least one arm section. The free end of at least one of the tongue sections is tapered to form a distal edge, wherein the distal edge has a length, L, along an x-axis and a width, W, along a y-axis that is perpendicular to the x-axis. The coupler has a longitudinal axis along a z-axis that is perpendicular to the x- and y-axes. The flat surface of the pinched region has a longitudinal axis that is parallel to the x-axis. The perimetal body of the coupling ring has a cross sectional dimension that is greater than d. 
     As noted herein above, the geometries of the respective key and key entry regions of the coupling ring and the coupler body can be reversed, such that the tongue portions of the coupler body are connected (no space) and the arm of the coupling ring is split (with appropriate end geometries) to allow engagement/disengagement of the assembly. 
     The coupler body has a region intermediate the gate and at least one of the first and second ends, wherein the region is characterized by a maximum radial dimension of the body portion. This region could be in the form of a single or multiple, optionally symmetrically disposed extensions of the radial dimension of the body. In an aspect, this maximum radial dimension comprises a circumferential region of the body portion illustrated as d max  in  FIG. 7 . As further shown in  FIG. 7 , the coupling ring has a maximum separation distance A between the two arms that is substantially equal to (i.e., not considerably less than) or slighter greater than the maximum diametrical dimension d max  (e.g., maximum diameter if cylindrical) of the body portion of the coupler. The advantageous effect of this dimensional ratio is illustrated in  FIG. 8 , which shows the coupler/coupling ring assembly  500  in an engaged (and as in-use) assembly condition. It can be seen that the coupling ring lays almost parallel to, and in the longitudinal (y-z) plane of, the coupler and is generally centered in the free space of the coupler about the head region of the coupling ring. In operation, either the crossbar (or nub(s)) of the coupling ring or, more likely, the looped end of the lanyard cable around the foot of the coupling ring, limits the ‘flat’ (or nearly flat) orientation of the coupling ring in the y-z plane. Nonetheless, the achieved degree of flatness of the assembly when there is tension on the lanyard advantageously reduces or eliminates pinching of the lanyard rope or cable, minimizes the unintentional disengagement of the coupling ring from the coupler while in-use, and provides better retrieval, winding, stowage, and deployment of a long length of cable with multiple coupler/coupling ring assemblies. In contrast, if the D-link at the other end of the lanyard as shown in  FIG. 7  were coupled to the coupler in place of the embodied coupling ring, its minor dimension, being considerably less than the maximum diameter of the coupler, would cause the link to ride in the coupler at a much larger angle from the horizontal and vertical directions, and create additional instability and increased risk of disengagement of the assembly or bending and possible failure of the link. 
     It will be appreciated, however, that the operational interaction between the coupler body and the coupling ring in regard to the objective of obtaining an almost parallel relationship therebetween is not affected by a lighter or heavier gauge coupling ring; that is, a lighter duty coupling ring may be used with a standard duty coupler, and will advantageously be so designed and dimensioned so as to render the same benefits (e.g., minimize pinching) as a different gauge or size coupling ring. 
     All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein. 
     The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening. 
     The recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. 
     All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not impose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. 
     No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. There is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.