Patent Publication Number: US-8985899-B2

Title: System and method of water flow quantity equalization

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     Not Applicable 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention pertains to water fluid mechanics, physical sites of diversion, and physical sites of downstream water fluid replacement. Water can either be underground, hereinafter referred to as groundwater, or surface water, hereinafter referred to as streams or rivers, whether navigable or not. Water, in the fluid state, can also be transported in, for example, but not limited to pipelines, open channels, by train, or truck. There may be occasions when it is desirable to divert water upstream from an authorized existing stream diversion location, due to a higher water quality or a newly constructed water storage vessel, (such as a reservoir), other water storage mechanism, transfer to a tributary of the original drainage basin, or other reason for a different place of usage for the water. The application of this invention will allow, without reduction in water flow quantity at a defined downstream location, while a simultaneous (depending on stream velocities which may require a delay in the replenishment water) diversion from the stream, at an upstream location of an authorized diversion at an equal or near equal quantity of water. This mechanism can only occur, when the fluid flow between the new upstream diversion location, and the location for the downstream fluid flow replacement, is not diminished in an amount that an intermediate diverter is legally entitled to divert historically. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is an application of fluid mechanics flow continuity, wherein an amount of water can be physically diverted, by various means, from a physical location, not limited to a surface stream, or pump station, or tributary channel, located adjacent to a stream, or river channel, at a new location upstream of an authorized diversion point(s), and at approximately the same time the same amount of water is introduced downstream of the new location, simultaneously or delayed, depending on the stream travel time, in order to maintain the quantity of water downstream of the replenishment or reintroduction site. The intent of this methodology is to maintain fluid mechanics flow continuity, downstream of the lower reintroduction location. This process may be referred to as a substitution or trade of water, between an upstream location and downstream location. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic of a river system with various diversions A, C, and D. The direction of flow is from left to right and the initial river flow quantity is Z. Let the flow Z=100,, the diversion (away from the river) at point A=20,, the diversion (away from the river) at C=20,, and the diversion (away from the river) at D=60. Therefore the flow quantity (the flow in the river) below D=100−, (20+20+60)=0.  FIG. 2  shows a schematic where a trade or substitution of water is made at R 1 , due to the authorized diversion at B 1 . The river flow quantity Z does not change between  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The new replacement flow (flows into the river) quantity, R 1 , is not hydraulically connected to the river system with river flow quantity Z. This flow R 1  is termed not hydraulically connected to the drainage basin (ie non-tributary). The flow quantity downstream of point D (which is equal to 0), remains unchanged between configurations depicted on  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Thus, this fluid flow process invention maintains flow continuity downstream of point D, while allowing a location modification of diversion locations upstream of point D. The unforeseen improvement in this invention is the introduction of a non-tributary (to the given drainage basin) water source to maintain the river fluid flow quantity and flow regime downstream of point D, while continuing the diversions at points A, C, and D. Examples of non-tributary water include water storage reservoirs, non-tributary well water, water pumped via pipeline from a non-tributary basin. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A new river or stream diversion is constructed at point B 1  and the amount of flow is controlled by a recording device. A new stream inflow source at point R 1  is constructed. This new non-tributary (aka foreign) water can be conveyed by pipeline, open channel, or other water conveyance device. The flow R 1  is designed to mimic the diversions at point B 1 , such that at observation point D, no change in river or stream flow regime quantity is measurable. This new invention insures that historic flows (including flow quantities, and availability) at A, C, and D, are not changed due to the new upstream diversion located at point B 1 . There is no existing United States patent that involves or describes this water flow quantity equalization system and method.