Patent Publication Number: US-6983581-B2

Title: Swivel cheeked bridle bit

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/410,259, filed on Apr. 10, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,834,482. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates generally to harness animal tack and accessories, and more particularly to a bridle bit for horses and the like. The present bridle bit has swivel cheek components, but rather than integrating the swiveling cheek components with their corresponding nose band and/or headstall purchase ring or eye, thus causing the purchase ring to swivel in unison with the swivel cheek component, the present invention immovably affixes the upper or purchase ring with the mouth bar of the bit, with only the lower, rein attachment ring or eye and “dee” eye or ring swiveling in unison according to rein pull. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   The utility of larger animals for various purposes, i.e., as a power source, for pulling a heavy load, riding, etc., has been recognized for ages. However, it is also apparent that some form of control must be provided in order to cause the animal to perform as desired. Accordingly, halters, reins, leashes, and/or other restraining devices began to be developed when animals began to be domesticated and employed for various purposes. 
   Numerous variations and improvements upon the basic harness, halter, and rein concept have been developed over the years, with the term “tack” being applied to the wide range of equipment used in the handling and control of large domesticated animals, particularly horses. Early in the development of such equipment, it was found that the placement of some device in the mouth of the animal, and working or manipulating that device, was extremely effective in controlling the animal as desired. The tissues of the mouth are relatively sensitive, allowing the animal to sense the desired action with minimal pressure, after proper training. As a result, the bit and closely related attachments have proven to be particularly important components in the fields of tack, harness, and saddlery. 
   Accordingly, the bridle and bit have received a considerable amount of attention, with practically innumerable variations of the assembly having been developed over the years. It is critical that such devices provide for the attachment of suitable control reins, attachment straps, etc., and such bridle assemblies conventionally include a series of “purchases,” rings, or eyes for the attachment of various straps, reins, etc. In its simplest form, the bit and its harness attachment components are formed as a unitary device, with no relatively moving components. However, such a bit has not been found to be optimally effective, as it provides no variation for altering the attach points of reins and other components, adjustability, or versatility for various uses (e.g., training, working cattle, competition riding, etc.). 
   One somewhat common variation upon the bridle bit is the “swivel cheeked” bit, wherein the cheek piece, which extends from each end of the mouth bar of the bit, is pivotally attached to the mouth bar. With a swivel cheeked bit, the cheeks normally swivel outwardly and downwardly when the reins are slack. A light tension on a given rein tends to pull the corresponding cheek upwardly and inwardly, to touch the side of the horse&#39;s face (or cheek) adjacent the corner of the mouth. A gentle, slight tug on one rein is sufficient to move the cheek piece, without need to tug more firmly upon the rein and move the mouth bar against the sensitive tissues within the mouth of the animal. 
   However, such swivel cheeked bits are commonly constructed with the upper or purchase ring integrally formed with the cheek piece and dee components. As a result, the swiveling of one of these components relative to the mouth bar of the bit results in corresponding swiveling of the remaining components. As the upper or bridle attachment ring or eye of the assembly must swivel with any swiveling action of the cheek piece, dee, and/or rein attachment ring or eye, it will be seen that any harness or bridle straps attached to the upper ring will be twisted during the swiveling of their attachment ring. This can result in such straps, particularly the nose band, twisting laterally as its attachment ring swivels or rotates due to the swiveling of other components when a rein is pulled. When this occurs, the rearward edge of the strap tends to bear into the somewhat sensitive flesh along the side of the nose of the animal, and can abrade this area over a period of time. 
   The present swivel cheeked bridle bit responds to this problem, by forming the upper purchase rings or eyes as a fixed, monolithic structure integrated immovably with the mouth bar of the bit. Yet, the cheek rings and dees which provide for the attachment of reins thereto, swivel on the purchase attachment bar, to allow a slight tug on either rein to swivel the cheek piece and dee to guide the animal as desired. The nose strap and other bridle attachments remain stationary to allow the straps to rest flat against the animal&#39;s face, thereby avoiding discomfort and/or injury to the animal and subsequent potential difficulties in working with the animal. 
   A discussion of the related art of which the present inventor is aware, and its differences and distinctions from the present invention, is provided below. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 529,472 issued on Nov. 20, 1894 to Melvin F. Bigelow, titled “Bridle Bit,” describes a bit assembly in which the cheek pieces are immovably affixed to the mouth piece or mouth bar. The only movable components of the Bigelow bit are the relatively large diameter rein attachment rings, which extend from their attachments at the intersection of the mouth bar with the cheek pieces. The only relative movement between components is the swivel attachment of the larger rein attachment rings to the fixed, non-swiveling cheek pieces; the lower curb rein attachment rings are immovably affixed to the fixed cheek pieces. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 962,134 issued on Jun. 21, 1910 to Washington J. Engle, titled “Bit,” describes a bit assembly with movable components engaging the sides of the horse&#39;s face when the corresponding rein is pulled. However, the large, octagonal cheek pieces are immovably affixed to the mouth bar of the bit; they do not swivel, as is the case with the present bit. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,205,636 issued on Sep. 14, 1965 to William D. Laningham, titled “Horse Mouth Bit,” describes a bit in which the mouth bar is rotationally mounted between the two opposed side members of the assembly. The side members (which might be considered the cheek pieces of the bit) are rigidly and immovably interconnected by a second crossmember below the mouth bar. Laningham provides a “protective buffer element,” comprising a rotary disc, at each end of the mouth bar. However, these discs do not swivel outwardly from the planes of their discs, as in the motion of a conventional swivel mounted dee and cheek piece. It is also noted that the upper rings of the Laningham bit may swivel within the upper ends of the side members, thus teaching away from the immovably affixed upper rings of the present swivel cheeked bit. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,208,196 issued on Sep. 28, 1965 to David Ferguson, titled “Flexible Horse Bit,” describes a bit having swivel mounted dees at each end of the mouth bar. The mouth bar has a side member immovably affixed to each end thereof, with the dees being pivotally mounted on the corresponding side members. Ferguson does not provide any other upper or curb rein attachment rings to his bit, whereas the present bit includes such additional attachment rings or eyes. Rather, all reins, cheek straps, nose straps, curb straps, etc. of the Ferguson bit, must be attached either directly or indirectly to the single swiveling dee on each side of the bit. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,797 issued on May 13, 1986 to Ulrich Conrad, titled “Bridoon Bit,” describes numerous bridle bit embodiments, most of which are provided with only a single swivel mounted rein and halter attachment ring at each end of the mouth bar. The same points noted in the discussion of the bit of the Ferguson &#39;196 U.S. patent immediately above, are applicable here as well. Some embodiments include cheek pieces which extend from each end of the mouth bar. However, these cheek piece bits do not provide for rotation or swiveling of the cheek pieces within their passages in the ends of the mouth bar, but are immovably affixed to the mouth bar, per column 7, lines 57 and 58 of the Conrad disclosure. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,390 issued on Dec. 5, 1989 to Leo Benjak et al., titled “Bridle Bit,” describes a bit assembly in which various components rotate relative to one another. Each end of the mouth bar includes a shank pivotally secured therein, from which the headstall attachment rings extend. The curb rein attachment rings are pivotally secured to the opposite ends of the shanks. While the rein attachment rings rotate independently of the opposite head stall attachment rings, these head stall rings of the Benjak et al. bit are nevertheless free to rotate in accordance with the shifting of the bit and attachment straps. The problem of the various head stall, nose, curb, and/or other attachment straps twisting against the side of the horse&#39;s face due to rotation of the head stall ring, is still a problem with the Benjak et al. bit. The present bit precludes this potential problem by means of its fixed upper ring and purchase. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,312 issued on Jul. 27, 1990 to Ralph N. Old, Sr., titled “Bridle Bit,” describes a relatively complex bit assembly having a rearwardly turned curb chain ring and a nose and cheek strap attachment ring extending upwardly from a dee on each side of the assembly. The mouth bar of the bit also extends between the two dees, rather than being affixed to the two purchases or shanks defining the sides of the bit. The lower curb rein attachment rings extend from the lower ends of the shanks and are adjustably affixed thereto, but do not rotate relative to the shanks, unlike the present bit. Thus, the lower or curb rein attachment rings and upper strap and curb chain attachment rings are immovably affixed to one another, with rotation of one causing rotation of the other, unlike the present bit where the lower rein attachment ring is free to rotate independently of the fixed upper ring. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,062,255 issued on Nov. 5, 1991 to Ronald J. Myler et al., titled “Bridle Bit,” is a continuation in part of the Benjak et al. &#39;390 U.S. patent discussed further above, with both Benjak and Myler being co-inventors in both of the issued patents. The primary difference between the two is that a stop is provided at the attachment of the rein attachment ring arm to their attachment shanks or cheek pieces, to limit the rotation of the rein attachment ring arms. Accordingly, the same points of distinction noted further above in the discussion of the Benjak et al. &#39;390 U.S. patent are seen to apply here as well. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,357,735 issued on Oct. 25, 1994 to Donald G. Fry, titled “Adjustable Horse Bit,” describes a bit having a multiple piece, snaffle type mouth piece. Each end of the mouth bar includes an eye, with a single rein attachment ring installed loosely through each eye. The inventive feature of the Fry bit is the threaded adjuster in each side of the snaffle mouth bar, to adjust the width of the assembly. No fixed upper harness ring and swiveling dee and lower rein attachment ring, are disclosed by Fry. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,822,950 issued on Oct. 20, 1998 to Jorge de Moya et al., titled “Maestro Mouthpiece,” describes a bit assembly in which the central portion of the mouthpiece can rotate between the two end members. A shank extends generally downwardly from each of the end members, with a dee portion swivelly mounted on the shank and straddling each end member. While the dees can pivot or swivel on the shanks, the two shanks are immovably affixed to the end members and cannot swivel relative thereto. While the lower ends of the fixed shanks include rein attachment rings installed therein, the rings are loosely mounted, and their movement is completely independent of any swiveling action of the dees. This construction is substantially opposite that of the present bridle bit, with its fixed upper rings and swiveling lower rings and dees. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,346 issued on Aug. 22, 2000 to Chang Hsi-Chang, titled “Rotatable, Adjustable-Width Bar Bit,” describes a bit having a mouth bar with the ends rotatably attached to the opposite cheek assemblies, much like the bit of the Laningham &#39;636 U.S. patent discussed further above. The dee, upper ring, and lower ring component on each side of the mouth bar comprises a unitary, monolithic structure. While these dee and ring components can swivel relative to the ends of the mouth bar, the swivel action of the upper rings in unison with the dees and lower rings, teaches away from the present invention with its relatively fixed upper rings and swiveling dees and lower rings. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,202,393 issued on Mar. 20, 2001 to Ronald J. Myler et al., titled “Bridle Bit,” describes a multiple piece, snaffle type bit assembly having pivotally attached dees at each end thereof for strap and rein attachment. Each of the dees includes an upper and a lower slot therein, for rein and strap attachment. Accordingly, the upper strap attachment point of the Myler et al. bit is not fixed relative to the mouth bar, as it is in the present bridle bit. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,305,152 issued on Oct. 23, 2001 to Ronald J. Myler et al., titled “Horse Control Device,” describes multiple embodiments of a bridle bit assembly, with each of the embodiments having single piece, unitary cheek pieces with the headstall and rein attachment rings formed integrally therewith. No separate movement of the dee and rein attachment ring from the upper headstall attachment ring is possible, with any of the Myler et al. bridle bit embodiments. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,449,930 issued on Sep. 17, 2002 to David Robart et al., titled “Pinchless Bridle Bit,” describes numerous embodiments of a bridle bit, with various headstall, rein, and other attachments shown. Some of the embodiments include swivel mounted cheek pieces, with the embodiment of  FIG. 23  disclosing interchangeable, swivel mounted dee and lower ring attachment shank members. However, the two components cannot be used together to form a unitary dee and lower rein attachment ring or cheek piece, as is accomplished in the present invention. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,490,848 issued on Dec. 10, 2002 to Ronald James Myler et al., titled “Horse Control Device,” is a continuation in part of the Myler et al. &#39;152 U.S. patent discussed further above. The same points of difference between the device of the Myler et al. &#39;152 U.S. patent and the present invention noted in that discussion, are seen to apply here as well. 
   U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0,007,619 to Ronald J. Myler et al., published on Jan. 24, 2002, titled “Horse Control Device,” is also a continuation in part of the Myler et al. &#39;152 U.S. patent discussed further above. The same points of difference between the device of the Myler et al. &#39;152 U.S. patent and the present invention noted in that discussion, are seen to apply here as well. 
   U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0,139,094 published on Oct. 3, 2002 to Magnus O. Jonsson, titled “Bridle Bit,” describes a multiple piece, snaffle type bit having the opposed cheek pieces secured to the ends of the mouth bar by ball joint fittings. Each cheek piece includes upper and lower rein and strap attachment rings, monolithically formed therewith as a single, unitary component. Thus, if the cheek pieces and/or lower attachment rings swivel or pivot outwardly, so do their upper strap attachment rings as well, in contrast to the present invention with its fixed upper harness attachment rings and swiveling dees and lower rings. 
   U.S. Pat. No. D-328,657 issued on Aug. 11, 1992 to Thomas L. Steele, titled “Horse Bit,” illustrates a design comprising a multiple piece, snaffle type mouth bar with its ends having passages through which curved members of the cheek pieces pass. The cheek piece and upper and lower rings of each side are formed monolithically as a unitary structure with no relatively moving components, in contrast to the present swivel cheeked bit with its fixed upper ring and swiveling dee and lower ring. 
   British Patent Publication No. 2,229,905 published on Oct. 10, 1990 to Frederica C. Newman, titled “Equestrian Training Aid,” describes a multiple piece, snaffle type mouth bar with a large rein and strap attachment ring at each end thereof. A weighted curb chain is removably attached to the rings, with the object being to weight the chain to affect the carriage of the head of the horse wearing the device. No dee having an integral lower rein attachment ring or upper ring integrated with the mouth bar is disclosed in the Newman &#39;905 British Patent Publication, which features are components of the present swivel cheeked bridle bit invention. 
   European Patent Publication No. 842,893 published on May 20, 1998 to Ulrich Conrad, titled “Horse-Bit,” describes (according to the drawings and English abstract) a series of embodiments of a multiple piece, snaffle type mouth bar having swiveling cheek pieces. However, the upper harness attachment ring and dee of each cheek piece are formed as unitary, monolithic components and cannot move relative to one another. No lower, curb rein attachment ring is disclosed in the &#39;893 European Patent Publication. 
   German Patent Publication No. 10,018,417 published on Oct. 25, 2001 to Herm Sprenger GMBH, titled “Horse Bit; . . . , ” describes (according to the drawings and English abstract) a bit having a mouth bar with side components immovably affixed thereto. Rein attachment rings are loosely installed to the lower ends of the side components, with a loose strap or tie apparently provided at the opposite ends of the side components. No swiveling dee with an integral lower rein attachment ring, nor upper harness attachment ring immovably affixed to the mouth bar, is disclosed in the &#39;417 German Patent Publication. 
   European Patent Publication No. 1,195,351 published on Apr. 10, 2002 to Herm Springer GMBH, titled “Horse Bit And Its Production Method,” describes a multiple piece, snaffle type mouth bar having cheek pieces formed of a flexible material. The central portion or dee of each cheek piece has an opening therein, permitting the dee to be opened and spread for the insertion of a pin into a passage on each end of the mouth bar. No swiveling components are apparent in the &#39;351 Publication. 
   Finally,  The New Book of Saddlery and Tack  (Carolyn Henderson, consulting editor), published by Howell Book House (New York), 1998, discloses on p. 128 a series of bridle bits having swivelly attached dees, harness attachment rings, and rein attachment rings. In each case, the dees and upper harness or curb chain rings are formed as integral, unitary components and are immovably affixed to one another, unlike the present bridle bit invention. The lower rein attachment rings, where provided, are swivelly attached to extensions depending from the dees, rather than being formed integrally with the swiveling dee. 
   None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention comprises a swivel cheeked bridle bit primarily intended for use with horses, along with other conventional tack and/or saddlery. The present bit essentially comprises a mouthpiece or bar, with a “purchase” or shank and upper harness attachment ring immovably affixed to each end of the mouth bar and formed integrally therewith. A dee and lower rein attachment ring are immovably affixed to and formed integrally with one another. The purchase or shank serves as a pintle or pivot shaft for the dee and lower ring, with the dee and lower ring swiveling on the purchase shank while the upper ring remains stationary relative to the mouth bar. 
   The above described swivel cheeked bit configuration provides significant advantages over other swivel cheeked bits of the prior art. The present bit immovably affixes the upper ring for attachment of the nose strap, cheek strap, and/or curb chain to the bit by means of the purchase shank integrally and monolithically formed therewith, thus assuring that the upper ring cannot rotate as the lower rein attachment ring and dee swivel about the purchase pintle. This allows the nose band to remain flat across the nose of the animal regardless of the orientation of the rein attachment rings and/or dees, rather than being twisted from its attachment to a rotating ring. This greatly increases comfort for the animal, and precludes chafing or cutting the nose of the animal by the edge of the band. 
   Yet, the dees and lower or curb rein attachment rings are free to swivel about their attachment to the purchase shank or pintle, to provide the advantages of conventional swivel cheeked bits. The point behind such bits is to allow the dees and lower rein attachment rings to swivel or pivot downwardly and outwardly when there is little or no tension on the reins. This results in “softening” a tug or pull on either rein, by first pivoting or swiveling the dee and/or lower rein attachment ring upwardly and rearwardly against the side of the horse&#39;s face as the rein is pulled. A well trained animal will quickly recognize this command without need for the rider to apply harsh pressures to the mouth bar of the bit, particularly when such light pressure is integrated with the touch of the rein along the side of the animal&#39;s neck. 
   The present swivel cheeked bit may be implemented in a large number of different bit variations, such as unitary mouth bar bits, either with or without other components extending from the mouth bar; multiple piece mouth bar, snaffle type bits; and bits having dees of any practicable configuration, either with or without a lower rein attachment ring of any practicable configuration. 
   Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide a swivel cheeked bridle bit for harness animals, particularly for horses, in which the upper harness attachment eye or ring is immovably affixed to the mouth bar of the bit to preclude movement or rotation of the ring, while the dee and/or lower rein attachment ring is pivotally attached to the mouth bar. 
   It is another object of the invention to provide a bridle bit wherein the purchase extending from each side of the mouth bar is a separate component from the cheek component of the bit, with the cheek component, comprising the dee and/or lower rein attachment ring, pivotally attached to the purchase. 
   Still another object of the invention is to provide various embodiments of a swivel cheeked bridle bit, including bits having single piece mouth bars, snaffle type bits having multiple piece mouth bars, and bits having swivelly attached dees and/or lower rein attachment rings, as desired. 
   It is a further object of the invention to improve the comfort of a harness animal by precluding twisting movement of the upper attachment ring or eye and any straps or harness components attached thereto, when the corresponding dee and/or lower rein attachment ring swivels relative to the remainder of the bit structure. 
   It is an object of the invention to provide improved elements and arrangements thereof for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purposes. 
   These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is an environmental, perspective view of a swivel cheeked bridle bit according to the present invention, showing its general configuration and features. 
       FIG. 2  is a top plan view of the swivel cheeked bit of  FIG. 1 , showing the operation and function of the swiveling cheek components of the bit. 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view from the front left side of an alternative embodiment of a bridle bit with a snaffle type bit having a multiple piece mouth bar, and incorporating the swivel cheeks of the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is a front left side perspective view of another alternative embodiment of a bridle bit having a hooded type mouth bar, and incorporating the swivel cheeks of the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  is a front left side perspective view of yet another alternative embodiment of a bridle bit having a ported mouth bar and roller, and incorporating the swivel cheeks of the present invention. 
   

   Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the attached drawings. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The present invention comprises several embodiments of a swivel cheeked bridle bit for harness animals, and more particularly for horses. The present swivel cheeked bit includes swivel or pivotally attached cheek, dee, and lower rein attachment ring portions, but unlike other swivel cheeked bits of the related art, the upper ring used for nose band, cheek strap, and/or curb chain attachment is immovably affixed to the purchase shank of the bit, which is, in turn, immovably affixed to the mouth bar of the bit. 
   This assures that the upper ring will remain parallel to the face or cheek of the animal, and will not twist with pivotal movement of the bit cheek(s). This provides greater comfort to the animal, as the various straps and bands attaching to the relatively stationary upper ring remain flat against the sides of the animal&#39;s face, and do not twist to have their edges cut into the animal&#39;s face as is the case with conventional swivel cheeked bits where the upper ring swivels or pivots in unison with the cheek portions of the bit. The animal thus remains more comfortable and is not distracted by the edges of the straps or bands, as is the case with other swivel cheeked bits. 
     FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate a first embodiment of the present swivel cheeked bridle bit, designated by the reference numeral  10 . The swivel cheeked bit  10  is shown as it would be placed on a horse H, in position across the mouth of the horse H. While the present swivel cheeked bit  10  is novel, the remainder of the tack or harness is conventional, comprising a nose band N, a cheek strap C, a brow band B, a head stall strap S, and left and right reins LR and RR. The conventional chin strap or curb chain and throat latch are not shown in  FIG. 1 , for clarity in the drawing. It will be understood that this arrangement is laterally symmetrical with left and right side components where applicable, but only the left side components are visible in  FIG. 1 . 
   The swivel cheeked bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2  includes a mouth bar  12  having a first or left end  14 , and an opposite second or right end  16 . “Left” and “right” in  FIGS. 1 and 2  are relative to the left and right side of the horse H illustrated, with left and right components respectively being on the right and left sides of the drawing in the perspective and top plan views respectively of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The mouth bar  12  of the bit  10  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  is a single, unitary component formed of a single bar or rod of metal or other suitable material. The mouth bar  12  includes a tongue relief port  18  formed generally centrally therein, but may take on any of a number of different configurations as desired, a few of which are illustrated in subsequent drawings, and discussed further below. 
   A first or left side and second or right side purchase shank, respectively  20  and  22 , extend respectively from each end  14  and  16  of the mouth bar  12 . The two purchase shanks  20  and  22  have generally medial portions, respectively  24  and  26 , which are immovably affixed to the respective mouth bar ends  14  and  16 . Each of the purchases  20  and  22  includes a first or upper end, respectively  28  and  30 , and an opposite second or lower end, respectively  32  and  34 , extending from their respective medial portions  24  and  26 . The purchase shanks  20  and  22  are generally normal to the mouth bar  12 , with the mouth bar  12  and purchases  20  and  22  forming a generally H-shaped configuration. 
   Each purchase shank  20  and  22  includes an upper ring or eye, respectively  36  and  38 , extending therefrom. These upper rings or eyes  36  and  38  provide for the attachment of various harness and tack components to the bit  10 , i.e., the nose band N, cheek strap C, and curb chain or chin strap, not shown. The two rings  36  and  38  are oriented with their planes generally parallel to the sides of the face of the horse H, i.e., with their axes generally parallel to the elongate mouth bar  12  of the bit  10 . The rings  36  and  38  are immovably affixed to the respective upper ends  28  and  30  of the first and second purchases  20  and  22 , e.g., welded, forged as a unitary structure, etc. Thus, the two upper rings or eyes  36  and  38  cannot rotate relative to the mouth bar  12  or purchase shanks  20  and  22 , but retain the same orientation relative to those components  12 ,  20 , and  22  at all times. 
   Left  40 , or first, and right  42 , or second, cheek pieces, respectively, pivotally attach respectively to the left and right purchases  20  and  22 . Each cheek piece  40  and  42  has an upper purchase shank attachment passage, respectively  44  and  46 , and an opposite lower purchase shank attachment passage, respectively  48  and  50 , extending therefrom. Each of the upper attachment passages  44  and  46  comprises an eye or loop formed around the upper end portion  28  and  30  of the respective purchase shank  20  and  22 , in the manner of a hinge loop or eye about the pintle of a hinge, to allow the cheek pieces  40  and  42  to swivel upon their respective purchase shanks  20  and  22 . 
   The lower purchase shank attachment passages  48  and  50  may also comprise loops, eyes, or similar structures, but may instead comprise closed sockets secured concentrically about the respective lower purchase shank ends  32  and  34 , as shown in the drawings. The upper purchase shank attachment passages  44  and  46  and the lower purchase shank attachment passages  48  and  50 , are positioned to each side of the mouth bar  12  attachment with the medial portions  24  and  26  of their respective purchase shanks  20  and  22 , to preclude removal of the cheek pieces  40  and  42  from the remainder of the bit structure. The lower shank attachment passages  48  and  50  each have a closed lower rein attachment ring or eye, respectively  52  and  54 , extending therefrom and immovably affixed thereto. As the purchase attachment passages or sockets  48  and  50  of the two cheek pieces  40  and  42  swivel or pivot about their respective purchase lower ends  32  and  34 , so do their respective lower rings or eyes  52  and  54 . 
   Each upper and lower purchase attachment passage of the two cheek pieces, i.e., upper and lower attachment passages  44  and  48  of the first cheek  40  and upper and lower attachment passages  46  and  50  of the second cheek  42 , are preferably connected by closed dee rings or eyes, such as first or left side dee  56  and second or right side dee  58 , respectively. The dees  56  and  58  not only serve to connect their respective upper and lower cheek attach fittings or passages together to unify each cheek piece, but also serve as another attachment for the reins, if higher placement of the reins is desired. While the term “dee” is used conventionally to describe a closed semicircular rein attachment eye or passage generally surrounding the attachment of the mouth bar with each purchase shank of the bit, it will be understood that such dees may have any practicable shape or configuration, as desired. 
   The swiveling lower rein attachment eyes  52  and  54 , used for curb rein attachment or the like, may extend straight downwardly from their respective cheeks  40  and  42 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . However, they may also be displaced from the axes A 1  and A 2  of the two purchase shanks  20  and  22  if so desired, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 .  FIG. 2  illustrates the operation of the swivel cheeked bit  10  of  FIG. 1 , with its axially displaced lower attachment rings  52  and  54 . Depending upon how the horse H carries its head, this may allow the two rings or eyes  52  and  54 , along with their dees  56  and  58 , to swivel forwardly and outwardly away from the horse&#39;s face when the reins are somewhat slack, somewhat as shown by the left rein LR and left lower ring  52  in solid lines in the top plan view of  FIG. 2 . 
   In this manner, a rider need only draw some slight tension on the desired rein to swivel the corresponding cheek piece lightly against the cheek of the horse H, as shown in the broken line showing of the left rein LR and left lower ring  52 , and solid line showing of the right rein RR and right lower ring  54  in  FIG. 2 . Thus, no undue pressure or force need be exerted upon the mouth bar  12  of the bit  10 . A well trained horse will readily recognize this technique, and will respond without need for further drawing of the rein and corresponding force on the mouth bar of the bit. Yet, upper attachment rings or eyes of the present swivel cheeked bit remain stationary to preclude twisting of the corresponding straps, i.e., the nose band N and cheek strap C, into the side of the face of the horse H. This provides less irritation and greater comfort for the animal, which results in a more tractable and docile animal which is more easily controlled and worked. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present swivel cheeked bridle bit, comprising a snaffle type bit  10   a  with a multiple piece mouth bar having a first or left side  12   a  and opposite second or right side  12   b . The two portions  12   a  and  12   b  of the mouth bar are flexibly linked together, e.g., by a pair of interlinked eyes, as is conventional in the art of snaffle type bits. 
   The basic structure of the swivel cheek bit  10   a  of  FIG. 3  is otherwise similar to the structure of the bit  10  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and discussed in detail further above. Each of the mouth bar portions  12   a  and  12   b  has an outboard end, respectively  14   a  and  16   a , which is immovably affixed to the respective first  20   a , or left, and second  22   a , or right, purchase shank at their respective medial portions  24   a  and  26   a . The two purchase shanks  20   a  and  22   a  each have an upper end, respectively  28   a  and  30   a , and an opposite lower end, respectively  32   a  and  34   a . The upper ends  28   a  and  30   a  each terminate in an upper harness attachment ring or eye, respectively  36   a  and  38   a , which is immovably affixed (e.g., forged, welded, etc.) to the upper ends  28   a  and  30   a  of the two purchase shanks  20   a  and  22   a.    
   The lower ends  32   a  and  34   a  of the two purchases  20   a  and  22   a  each have a swiveling cheek piece thereon, respectively first or left and second or right swivel cheeks  40   a  and  42   a . These swiveling cheek pieces  40   a  and  42   a  include respective upper purchase attachments  44   a  and  46   a , and lower purchase attachments  48   a  and  50   a . The upper purchase attachments  44   a  and  46   a  may comprise rings or eyes which encircle the upper portions  28   a  and  30   a  of their respective purchase shanks  20   a  and  22   a , with the opposite lower purchase attachments  48   a  and  50   a  possibly being similarly configured, but more preferably being configured as closed sockets in the manner of the swivel cheeked bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The two lower purchase shank attachments  48   a  and  50   a  each include a lower or curb rein attachment ring or eye extending therefrom, respectively lower rings  52   a  and  54   a . These lower rein attachment rings  52   a  and  54   a  may be angled relative to the swivel axes defined by their respective purchase shanks  20   a  and  22   a , as in the case of the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , or may be aligned with their respective pivot axes, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
   As in the case of the swivel cheek bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the bit  10   a  of  FIG. 3  also includes dees, respectively  56   a  and  58   a , which connect the respective upper attachment passages  44   a  and  46   a  and their lower attachment passages or sockets  48   a  and  50   a . These serve to interconnect the upper and lower attachment passages or fittings securing each of the swivel cheeks  40   a  and  42   a  to their respective purchase shanks  20   a  and  22   a , as well as providing another rein attachment point for each side of the bit  10   a .  FIG. 3  clearly shows the swiveling action of the left side cheek piece  40   a , with the outwardly swiveled orientation of the lower ring or eye  52   a  and its corresponding dee  56   a , shown in broken lines in  FIG. 3 . 
   In the cases of the bits  10  and  10   a  of  FIGS. 1 through 3 , a review of those drawings will show that the swiveling lower rein attachment rings, i.e.  52  and  54  or  52   a  and  54   a , have a somewhat larger diameter than the corresponding fixed rings or eyes  36  and  38  or  36   a  and  38   a . Conventionally, the lower rings or eyes of a bridle bit are configured somewhat larger than the upper rings, and this is the case for the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2  and the bit  10   a  of  FIG. 3 . However, it will be understood that either the upper rings or the lower rings may be made larger or smaller as desired and still retain the inventive feature of the present swivel cheeked bit, i.e., having fixed upper bridle or harness attachment rings and cheeks, dees, and lower rein attachment rings which swivel independently of the fixed upper rings. 
     FIG. 4  provides a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present swivel cheeked bit, designated as bit  10   b . The bit  10   b  differs from the single piece mouth bar bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in that the mouth bar  12   b  of the bit  10   b  includes a hood  18   b  extending from the general center of the mouth bar  12   b , in lieu of the tongue port  18  of the bit  10  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The lower portions of the swivel cheeks and their rein attachment rings also differ somewhat from the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
   Otherwise, the basic structure of the swivel cheek bit  10   b  of  FIG. 4  is similar to the structure of the bit  10  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and discussed in detail further above. The mouth bar  13  has opposite first or left and second or right ends, respectively  14   b  and  16   b , which are immovably affixed to the respective first or left and second or right purchase shank  20   b  and  22   b  at their respective medial portions  24   b  and  26   b . The two purchase shanks  20   b  and  22   b  each have an upper end, respectively  28   b  and  30   b , and an opposite lower end, respectively  32   b  and  34   b . The upper ends  28   b  and  30   b  each terminate in an upper harness attachment ring or eye, respectively  36   b  and  38   b , which are immovably affixed (e.g., forged, welded, etc.) to the upper ends  28   b  and  30   b  of the two purchase shanks  20   b  and  22   b.    
   The lower ends  32   b  and  34   b  of the two purchases  20   b  and  22   b  each have a swiveling cheek piece thereon, respectively first or left and second or right swivel cheeks  40   b  and  42   b . These swiveling cheek pieces  40   b  and  42   b  include respective upper purchase attachments  44   b  and  46   b , and lower purchase attachments  48   b  and  50   b . The upper purchase attachments  44   b  and  46   b  may comprise rings or eyes which encircle the upper portions  28   b  and  30   b  of their respective purchase shanks  20   b  and  22   b , with the opposite lower purchase attachments  48   b  and  50   b  possibly being similarly configured, but more preferably being configured as closed sockets in the manner of the swivel cheeked bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The two swiveling cheek components  40   b  and  42   b  each include an axially offset lower end which terminates in a rein attachment ring or eye, respectively  52   b  and  54   b . It will be noted that the lower ends of the cheek components  40   b  and  42   b , and their respective rein attachment rings  52   b  and  54   b , are offset from their respective axes A 3  and A 4 , to an even greater degree than the axial offset of the corresponding components of the swivel cheek bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Again, such lower rein attachment ring offset may or may not be provided with any of the embodiments of the present swivel cheeked bit, as desired. 
   As in the case of the swivel cheek bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the bit  10   b  of  FIG. 4  also includes dees, respectively  56   b  and  58   b , which connect the respective upper attachment passages  44   b  and  46   b  and their lower attachment passages or sockets  48   b  and  50   b . These serve to interconnect the upper and lower attachment passages or fittings securing each of the swivel cheeks  40   b  and  42   b  to their respective purchase shanks  20   b  and  22   b , as well as providing another rein attachment point for each side of the bit  10   b . The two cheek pieces  40   b  and  42   b , with their respective lower rings  52   b  and  54   b  and dees  56   b  and  58   b , swivel about the fixed purchase shanks  20   b  and  22   b , in the manner illustrated for the left cheek assembly  40   a  of the bit  10   a  of  FIG. 3 . 
     FIG. 5  illustrates yet another embodiment of the present swivel cheek bridle bit, designated as bit  10   c . The bit  10   c  has a general configuration similar to the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Corresponding components are designated with the lower case sub character “c” for the bit  10   c  of  FIG. 5 . No detailed discussion is provided of structure and function for the bit  10   c  of  FIG. 5  which is similar or identical to corresponding structure and function of the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , as it will be apparent that the discussion provided further above of such structure and function for the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2  is also applicable to the bit  10   c  of  FIG. 5 . 
   However, the mouth bar  12   c  of the bit  10   c  of  FIG. 5  differs from the mouth bars of the other bits of the present invention. The mouth bar  12   c  includes a port  18   c  formed generally centrally therein, with the port  18   c  including a roller  60   c  formed of copper or other material as desired. The port  18   c  may be open, as in the case of the bit  10  of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , or may alternatively be formed as a closed port by providing a closure member  62   c  (shown in broken lines) between the two mouth bar components to each side of the port  18   c . Numerous other variations may be provided in the present swivel cheek bit invention, so long as they each include the swivel cheek configuration common to all of the embodiments disclosed herein, with the lower rein attachment ring and dees being swivelly attached to the remainder of the bit structure and the upper rings being rigidly and immovably affixed to the bit structure. 
   In conclusion, the present swivel cheeked bridle bit in its various embodiments provides a superior means of guiding and controlling a horse or other harness animal. The swivel action of the cheek portions of the present bit provide the advantages of bridle bits with swivel cheeks, but the fixed upper bridle attachment rings of the present bit avoid the twisting and turning of bridle straps attached thereto, which occurs with swivel cheek bits presently in use. This results in less irritation to the animal, and better compliance from the animal to commands from the rider. The present swivel cheek bit may be provided with or without the lower curb rein attachment rings, with reins being attached directly to the dees, if desired, particularly for training purposes. The advantages provided by the swiveling cheek portion and fixed upper bridle attachment ring portions of the present bit, are obtained regardless of the specific configuration of the remainder of the bit structure. 
   It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.