Patent Publication Number: US-10774642-B1

Title: Hydraulic support unit and hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Chinese Application No. 201910369278.9, filed on May 5, 2019, entitled “Hydraulic Support Unit and Hydraulic Support for Anti-Rock Burst Roadway”, which is specifically and entirely incorporated by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the technical field of rock burst roadway support, particularly to a hydraulic support unit and a hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the technical field of rock burst roadway support, particularly to a hydraulic support unit and a hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway. 
     The control of surrounding rocks of deep roadways, especially, the control of surrounding rocks of rock burst roadways, is one of the theoretical bottlenecks and key problems in deep mining. Rock burst is one of the major disasters encountered in coal mining. The quantity of rock burst mines is increased as the mining depth is increased. In the future, roadway rock burst will become more prominent. 
     It is proven in the practice in recent years that the deformation of surrounding rock of a roadway can be controlled effectively and the rock burst of the roadway can be prevented and controlled effectively by supporting with hydraulic supports. However, existing hydraulic supports have the following drawbacks: it is inconvenient to advance and assemble the supports, the protection of the supports for the roadway sides are inadequate, the supports are not stable enough under the effect of lateral forces, and the impact load resistant performance of the supports are not satisfactory. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic support unit and a hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems. 
     To attain the above-mentioned object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a hydraulic support unit for anti-rock burst roadway, which comprises: 
     a base which is provided with a side guard plate and a first base hydraulic cylinder on the left side and right side of the base, wherein the side guard plate are rotably connected to the base, the two ends of the first base hydraulic cylinder are hinged to the base and the side guard plate respectively, the first base hydraulic cylinder may drive the side guard plate to transit between a horizontal state and a vertical state, and the bottom surfaces of the side guard plates are flush with the bottom surface of the base in the horizontal state; 
     a top beam positioned above the base in a spaced manner; and 
     a hydraulic support column disposed between the base and the top beam. 
     Optionally, the hydraulic support unit comprises an energy-absorbing device connected between the bottom end of the hydraulic support column and the base. 
     Optionally, the crushing strength of the energy-absorbing device is 1.1-1.4 times of the working resistance of the hydraulic support column. 
     Optionally, the hydraulic support unit comprises a telescopic guide rod connected between the base and the top beam, the bottom end of the telescopic guide rod is fixedly connected to the base. 
     Optionally, the hydraulic support unit comprises two hydraulic support columns disposed at the front side and back side of the telescopic guide rod in a spaced manner respectively. 
     Optionally, the top end of the hydraulic support column and the top end of the telescopic guide rod are hinged to the top beam. 
     Optionally, at least one of the left side and right side of the top beam is hinged with a first top beam hydraulic cylinder. 
     Optionally, at least one of the front side and back side of the top beam is hinged with a second top beam hydraulic cylinder, and at least one of the front side and back side of the base is hinged with a second base hydraulic cylinder. 
     Optionally, the hydraulic support unit comprises a control unit that may control the hydraulic support columns and respective hydraulic cylinders to telescope. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway comprising the above-mentioned hydraulic support unit for anti-rock burst roadway, wherein, the hydraulic support comprises a plurality of the hydraulic support units. 
     Optionally, the plurality of the hydraulic support units are arranged in one row, wherein the bases of adjacent hydraulic support units are connected via the second base hydraulic cylinder, and the top beams of adjacent hydraulic support units are connected via the second top beam hydraulic cylinder. 
     Optionally, the plurality of the hydraulic support units are arranged in multiple rows, wherein the bases of adjacent hydraulic support units in the same row are connected via the second base hydraulic cylinder, the top beams of adjacent hydraulic support units in the same row are connected via the second top beam hydraulic cylinder, and the top beams of adjacent hydraulic support units in different rows are connected via the first top beam hydraulic cylinder. 
     With the technical scheme described above, when the hydraulic support unit provided in the present invention is used to support a rock burst roadway, the side guard plates may be driven by the first base hydraulic cylinder to a horizontal state to increase the contact area between the hydraulic support unit and the roadway floor; in addition, the first base hydraulic cylinder applies certain thrust force to the side guard plates so that the side guard plates stably abut against the roadway floor, and thereby the supporting stability of the hydraulic support unit in the roadway is greatly improved; moreover, the side guard plates may be driven by the first base hydraulic cylinder to rotate upward from the horizontal state, so that the side guard plates abut against the roadway sides, and thereby provide protection for the roadway sides. Therefore, the hydraulic support unit for anti-rock burst roadway provided in the present invention can improve the supporting effect for a rock burst roadway, has great practical significance and attains great social benefits for ensuring safe and efficient coal mining, saving production cost, improving economic benefits, and maintaining social stability, etc., and has extensive application prospects. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will be further detailed in the embodiments hereunder. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are provided here to facilitate further understanding on the present invention, and constitute a part of this document. They are used in conjunction with the following embodiments to explain the present invention, but shall not be comprehended as constituting any limitation to the present invention. In the figures: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an embodiment of the hydraulic support unit for anti-rock burst roadway in the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of the hydraulic support unit shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a right view of the hydraulic support unit shown in  FIG. 1 , with a second top beam hydraulic cylinder mounted at the back side of the top beam; 
         FIG. 4  is a back view of the hydraulic support unit shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of an embodiment of the hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway in the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a right view of the hydraulic support shown in  FIG. 5 , wherein, on the hydraulic support unit on the right side, the second top beam hydraulic cylinder on the right side is removed, and the second base hydraulic cylinder on the right side is in a storage state; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway in the present invention, wherein, the two-row hydraulic support is shown in a symmetric manner in order to show the structure entirely; 
         FIG. 8  is a back view of the hydraulic support shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 
       10 —hydraulic support unit;  11 —base;  111 —side guard plate;  112 —first base hydraulic cylinder;  113 —second base hydraulic cylinder;  12 —top beam;  121 —first top beam hydraulic cylinder;  122 —second top beam hydraulic cylinder;  13 —hydraulic support column;  14 —energy-absorbing device;  15 —telescopic guide rod;  16 —control unit. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereunder some embodiments of the present invention will be detailed with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described here are only provided to describe and explain the present invention rather than constitute any limitation to the present invention. 
     Unless otherwise described in the present invention, the terms that denote the directions or orientations, such as “upper”, “lower”, “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “back”, “left”, and “right”, usually refer to directions or orientation as indicated in  FIG. 1 . 
     In one aspect, the present invention provides a hydraulic support unit  10  for anti-rock burst roadway, which comprises a base  11 , a top beam  12 , and a hydraulic support column  13 , wherein, the top beam  12  is positioned above the base  11  in a spaced manner; the hydraulic support column  13  is disposed between the base  11  and the top beam  12 ; a side guard plate  111  and a first base hydraulic cylinder  112  are disposed on the left side and right side of the base  11 , the side guard plate  111  are rotably connected to the base  11 , the two ends of the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  are hinged to the base  11  and the side guard plate  111  respectively, the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  may drive the side guard plate  111  to transit between a horizontal state (see the side guard plate  111  on the left side in  FIG. 4 ) and a vertical state (see the side guard plate  111  on the right side in  FIG. 4 ), and the bottom surfaces of the side guard plates  111  are flush with the bottom surface of the base  11  in the horizontal state. 
     In the above text, it should be understood that one end of each side guard plate  111  is rotably connected to one side of the base  11 ; since the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  is hinged between the base  11  and the side guard plate  111 , the side guard plate  111  may be driven by the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  to rotate upward from the horizontal state to the vertical state. 
     It should be noted that the hydraulic support column  13  and the hydraulic cylinder in the present invention refer to hydraulic actuator elements that can convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and move in a linear reciprocating manner. Wherein, the hydraulic support column  13  and the hydraulic cylinder can push/pull the component connected with it by telescoping. For example, in the technical scheme described above, the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  that is hinged between the base  11  and the side guard plate  111  may drive the side guard plate  111  to rotate to the horizontal state by extending or drive the side guard plate  111  to rotate to the vertical state by retracting. Moreover, the side guard plate  111  may be kept in the horizontal state, the vertical state, or at any angle between the horizontal state and the vertical state under the action of the hydraulic pressure of the first base hydraulic cylinder  112 . 
     In the present invention, the hydraulic support units  10  may be used separately or in combination. When the hydraulic support unit  10  is used to support a rock burst roadway, the top beam  12  of the hydraulic support unit  10  may contact with the roadway roof, the bottom surfaces of the base  11  and the side guard plates  111  may contact with the roadway floor, and the side guard plates  111  may also contact with the roadway sides. 
     With the technical scheme described above, when the hydraulic support unit  10  provided in the present invention is used to support a rock burst roadway, the side guard plate  111  may be driven by the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  to a horizontal state to increase the contact area between the hydraulic support unit and the roadway floor; in addition, the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  applies certain thrust force to the side guard plate  111  so that the side guard plate  111  stably abut against the roadway floor, and thereby the supporting stability of the hydraulic support unit in the roadway is greatly improved; moreover, the side guard plate  111  may be driven by the first base hydraulic cylinder  112  to rotate upward from the horizontal state, so that the side guard plates  111  abut against the roadway sides, and thereby provide protection for the roadway sides. Therefore, the hydraulic support unit provided in the present invention can improve the supporting effect for a rock burst roadway, has great practical significance and attains great social benefits for ensuring safe and efficient coal mining, saving production cost, improving economic benefits, and maintaining social stability, etc., and has extensive application prospects. 
     In the present invention, to improve the impact load resistant performance of the hydraulic support unit  10 , the hydraulic support unit  10  may further comprise an energy-absorbing device  14 , which may be connected between the bottom end of the hydraulic support column  13  and the base  11 . 
     The energy-absorbing device  14  in the present invention may be any existing energy-absorbing device, such as the energy-absorbing device provided in the Chinese patent document No. CN202596748U. In the supporting process, the energy-absorbing device  14  will not be deformed or damaged under the static pressure of the surrounding rock; when rock burst occurs, the control unit  16  (to be introduced later) for controlling the hydraulic support column  13  has no enough time to actuate, the force borne on the hydraulic support column  13  may be greater than their working resistance and exceeds the crushing strength of the energy-absorbing device  14 ; in that case, the energy-absorbing device  14  will directly dissipate the impact energy of the surrounding rock by plastic deformation; at the same time, the deformation space of the energy-absorbing device  14  will provide certain energy release space for the surrounding rock and thereby indirectly dissipate the impact energy of the surrounding rock. The above-mentioned constant force deformation phase of the energy-absorbing device  14  can improve the stress condition in the hydraulic support unit  10 , and protect the hydraulic support unit  10 , and thereby realize strong impact resistance of the hydraulic support unit  10 . 
     Wherein, to ensure the reliability of the energy-absorbing device  14 , the crushing strength of the energy-absorbing device  14  may be set to 1.1-1.4 times (e.g., 1.2 times) of the working resistance of the hydraulic support column  13 . 
     In the present invention, to enable the top beam  12  and the base  11  of the hydraulic support unit  10  to adapt to the roadway and different support conditions flexibly, the two ends of the hydraulic support column  13  may be hinged to the top beam  12  and the base  11  respectively, so that the top beam  12  and the base  11  may have appropriate relative movement in the horizontal direction. Of course, it should be understood that the top end of the energy-absorbing device  14  may be fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic support column  13  and the bottom end of the energy-absorbing device  14  may be hinged to the base  11 , in the case that the energy-absorbing device  14  exists. 
     To prevent severe relative movement of the top beam  12  and the base  11  under the effect of lateral forces, in the present invention, the hydraulic support unit  10  may further comprise a telescopic guide rod  15 , which is connected between the base  11  and the top beam  12 , with the bottom end of the telescopic guide rod  15  fixedly connected to the base  11 . The arrangement of the telescopic guide rod  15  can improve the stability of the hydraulic support unit  10  under lateral forces. 
     Wherein, the top end of the telescopic guide rod  15  is hinged to the top beam  12 , so that the top beam  12  can adapt to roadway roofs at different angles. 
     In addition, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , to improve the stability of the hydraulic support unit  10 , the hydraulic support unit  10  may comprise two hydraulic support columns  13 , which are disposed at the front side and back side of the telescopic guide rod  15  in a spaced manner respectively. Both the hydraulic support columns  13  and the telescopic guide rod  15  are extended in the vertical direction. 
     In the present invention, to enable a use of the hydraulic support unit  10  in combination and self-movement of the hydraulic support (i.e., a combination of the hydraulic support units  10 ), as shown in  FIGS. 1-4 , a second top beam hydraulic cylinder  122  may be hinged to at least one of the front side and back side of the top beam  12 , and a second base hydraulic cylinder  113  may be hinged to at least one of the front side and back side of the base  11 . In that way, the hydraulic support units  10  may be interconnected in the front-back direction via the hydraulic cylinders  122  and  113 , and the hydraulic support may be moved automatically under the action of the hydraulic cylinders (to be detailed later). 
     In addition, a first top beam hydraulic cylinder  121  may be hinged to at least one of the left side and right side of the top beam  12 . In that way, the hydraulic support units  10  may be interconnected in the left-right direction and kept at stable spacing in the left-right direction, and thereby the stability of the entire hydraulic support can be improved. 
     It should be noted that the respective hydraulic cylinders described above are removable, and the hydraulic support unit  10  may be connected with corresponding hydraulic cylinders  121 ,  122 , and  113  according to the actual requirement for connection. Moreover, connecting structures that can be hinged with the two ends of the hydraulic cylinders may be provided on the base  11  and the top beam  12  respectively, so that the hydraulic cylinders can be carried in a storage state on the hydraulic support unit  10 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the second base hydraulic cylinder  113  at the front side is in a working state, while the second base hydraulic cylinder  113  at the back side is in a storage state. 
     In the present invention, the hydraulic support unit  10  may further comprise a control unit  16 , which may control the hydraulic support columns  13  and the respective hydraulic cylinders (i.e., the hydraulic cylinders  112 ,  113 ,  121 , and  122  mentioned in the present invention) to telescope. Wherein, the control unit  16  may be a hydraulic control valve. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the hydraulic control valve may be assembled on the outer wall of the hydraulic support column  13 . 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway comprising the above-mentioned hydraulic support unit  10 , wherein, the hydraulic support comprises a plurality of the hydraulic support units  10 . 
     Wherein, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of the hydraulic support units  10  are arranged in one row, wherein the bases  11  of adjacent hydraulic support units  10  are connected via the second base hydraulic cylinder  113 , and the top beams  12  of adjacent hydraulic support units  10  are connected via the second top beam hydraulic cylinder  122 . 
     Specifically, as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , two hydraulic support units  10  are interconnected in one row, the top beams  12  of the two hydraulic support units  10  are interconnected via the second top beam hydraulic cylinder  122 , the bases  11  of the two hydraulic support units  10  are interconnected with the second base hydraulic cylinder  113 , the top surfaces of the top beams  12  of the two hydraulic support units  10  may contact with the roadway roof, and the bottom surfaces of the bases  11  and the side guard plates  111  may contact with the roadway floor. 
     The two hydraulic support units  10  connected in one row may be moved from a supporting state (in that state, the hydraulic support columns  13  of the two hydraulic support units  10  are extended so that the top beams  12  abut against the roadway roof) with the following method: 
     First, the hydraulic support columns  13  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side are retracted, so that the top beam  12  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side is detached from the roadway roof; then, the second top beam hydraulic cylinder  122  and the second base hydraulic cylinder  113  that interconnect the two hydraulic support units  10  are retracted, and the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side is pulled to the vicinity of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the right side; next, the hydraulic support columns  13  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side are extended so that the top beam  12  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side abuts against the roadway roof, and the hydraulic support columns  13  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the right side are retracted so that the top beam  12  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the right side is detached from the roadway roof; then, the second top beam hydraulic cylinder  122  and the second base hydraulic cylinder  113  that interconnect the two hydraulic support units  10  are extended, and the hydraulic support unit  10  on the right side is pushed away from the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side; next, the hydraulic support columns  13  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the right side are extended so that the top beam  12  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the right side abuts against the roadway roof, and the hydraulic support columns  13  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side are retracted so that the top beam  12  of the hydraulic support unit  10  on the left side is detached from the roadway roof. By repeating the movements cyclically, the hydraulic support can be move automatically. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of the hydraulic support units  10  are arranged in multiple rows, wherein the bases  11  of adjacent hydraulic support units  10  in the same row are connected via the second base hydraulic cylinder  113 , the top beams  12  of adjacent hydraulic support units  10  in the same row are connected via the second top beam hydraulic cylinder  122 , and the top beams  12  of adjacent hydraulic support units  10  in different rows are connected via the first top beam hydraulic cylinder  121 . 
     Specifically, as shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , four hydraulic support units  10  are interconnected in two rows. For the convenience of description, the four hydraulic support units  10  in  FIG. 7  are numbered, wherein, the hydraulic support unit  10  at the top left position is numbered as hydraulic support unit I, the hydraulic support unit  10  at the bottom left position is numbered as hydraulic support unit II, the hydraulic support unit  10  at the bottom right position is numbered as hydraulic support unit III, and the hydraulic support unit  10  at the top right position is numbered as hydraulic support unit IV. As shown in the figure, the top beams  12  of the hydraulic support unit I and IV are connected with the top beams  12  of the hydraulic support unit II and III via the second top beam hydraulic cylinders  122  respectively, and the bases  11  of the hydraulic support units I and IV are connected with the bases  11  of the hydraulic support units II and III via the second base hydraulic cylinders  113  respectively; the top beams  12  of the hydraulic support units I and II are connected with the top beams  12  of the hydraulic support units IV and III via the first top beam hydraulic cylinders  121  respectively, the top surfaces of the top beams  12  of the four hydraulic support units  10  contact with the roadway roof to protect the roadway roof, the bottom surfaces of the bases  11  contact with the roadway floor to protect the roadway floor, the side guard plates  111  in a vertical state contact with the roadway sides (i.e., two side walls) to protect the roadway sides, and the side guard plates  111  in a horizontal state contact with the roadway floor. 
     The four hydraulic support units  10  interconnected in two rows may be moved automatically by striding, as the coal mining face is advanced. The movement method of the four hydraulic support units  10  interconnected in two rows is similar to that of the hydraulic supports interconnected in one row, and will not be further detailed here. 
     It should be noted that whether the hydraulic supports in the present invention are interconnected in one row or in multiple rows may be determined comprehensively according to factors such as the cross-sectional dimensions of the roadway and the stress intensity in the surrounding rock. 
     The hydraulic support for anti-rock burst roadway provided in the present invention has the following advantages: the hydraulic support has strong impact resistance performance, and is applicable to rock burst roadway support; can protect the roadway sides; can improve the stability of the hydraulic support under lateral forces; is easy to assemble; has self-movement ability, and can improve the efficiency of rock burst roadway support; has great practical significance and great social benefits for ensuring safe and efficient coal mining, saving production cost, improving economic benefits, and maintaining social stability, etc., and has extensive application prospects. 
     While some preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the details in those embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to the technical scheme of the present invention, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. However, all these modifications and variations shall be deemed as falling into the scope of protection of the present invention. 
     In addition, it should be noted that the specific technical features described in above embodiments can be combined in any appropriate form, provided that there is no conflict. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the possible combinations are not described specifically in the present invention. 
     Moreover, different embodiments of the present invention may also be combined freely as required, as long as the combinations don&#39;t deviate from the ideal and spirit of the present invention. However, such combinations shall also be deemed as falling into the scope disclosed in the present invention.