Patent Publication Number: US-2019176215-A1

Title: Method for forming a spanner

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THIS INVENTION 
     1. Field of this Invention 
     This invention relates to a tool forming method and relates particularly to a method for forming a spanner. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , a conventional method  1  for forming a spanner is executed by cold forging. The conventional method  1  includes a preparing step  11 , a head forming step  12 , a stamping step  13 , and a removing step  14 . The preparing step  11  is performed by preparing a stick-like metal blank  2 . The head forming step  12  is executed by cold-forging two ends of the metal blank  2  to form two round heads  21  at two ends of the metal blank  2 . The stamping step  13  is performed by pressing the metal blank  2  having the two round heads  21  with a stamping device (not shown) whereby the metal blank  2  is flattened and shaped into an outline of a spanner. Finally, the removing step  14  is executed by removing residual materials from a periphery of the spanner outline of the metal blank  2  with another stamping device (not shown). Therefore, a spanner product is made. 
     However, stamping devices with different thrust are required to execute different presses which are the initial cold forging of the round heads  21  and the stamping of the spanner outline of the metal blank  2  in the conventional method  1  in order to finish the spanner. Therefore, the stamping devices should be equipped with the thrust higher than the thrust of general machinery in order to have enough thrust to execute the processing work of cold-forging of the metal blank  2 . Moreover, different parts of the spanner are formed by different stamping devices to result in the increased processing costs. Further, the processing work of cold-forging renders the stamping devices to bear the over large impact to further cause the greater damage of the stamping devices and increase repairing costs. Furthermore, the conventional method  1  requires complex steps and needs to use multiple presses with different thrust to complete the processing work of the spanner, with the result that the processing time is prolonged, the processing efficiency is reduced, and production costs are increased. That are unfavorable for increasing the economic effectiveness. Therefore, the conventional method  1  still needs to be improved. 
     SUMMARY OF THIS INVENTION 
     The object of this invention is to provide a method for forming a spanner advantageous to shape the spanner quickly, simplify processing procedures, decrease residual materials, reduce processing costs, and increase the forming efficiency. 
     The method of this invention includes a step of preparing a cylindrical metal blank derived from cutting a cylindrical metal material into sections, a step of heating the cylindrical metal blank under a high temperature to supple the cylindrical metal blank, a step of shaping the heated cylindrical metal blank by pressing and pushing the cylindrical metal blank forward on a shaping die with a pushing unit to form a holding section and two head sections connected thereto each of which has a width larger than a width of the holding section so that the density of the cylindrical metal blank is changed, and a step of stamping the cylindrical metal blank when the cylindrical metal blank still remains heat to flatten the holding section and shape each head section into a spanner-shaped part whereby a spanner product is obtained. Meanwhile, no residual material is derived from the stamping operation. The needed forming size and shape are kept under control and no crack derived from over stamping is formed whereby the yield is increased and the spanner is formed quickly. Therefore, the successive steps, as aforementioned, simplify the processing procedures, reduce residual materials, increase the processing efficiency, achieve quick forming of the spanner, decrease processing costs, and enhance the forming efficiency. 
     Preferably, the cylindrical metal blank is heated by high frequency heating, medium frequency heating, or electric heating. 
     Preferably, the holding section and the head sections are processed and formed by multi-stage stamping in the stamping step. 
     Preferably, the shaping die is convexly disposed on the base and tapers off from the second end to the first end. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing the steps of a conventional method; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view in accordance with the conventional method; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing the steps of a first preferred embodiment of this invention in sequential order; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view in accordance with the first preferred embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic view showing the shaping step of the first preferred embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view showing the stamping step of the first preferred embodiment of this invention; and 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view showing the holding section and head sections are processed by multi-stage stamping in the stamping step. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to  FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4 , a method  3  for forming a spanner of a first preferred embodiment of this invention includes a preparing step  31 , a heating step  32 , a shaping step  33 , and a stamping step  34 . The preparing step  31  is performed by preparing a cylindrical metal blank  7 , as shown in  FIG. 4 , obtained by cutting a cylindrical metal material (not shown) in sections. A length of each cylindrical metal blank  7  can be adjusted according the size and type of the required spanner product. After the preparing step  31 , the heating step  32  is performed by heating the cylindrical metal blank  7  with a heating device  4  under a high temperature to allow the cylindrical metal blank  7  to become soft and moldable. The cylindrical metal blank  7  is heated by high frequency heating, medium frequency heating, or electric heating to reach the high temperature so that the cylindrical metal blank  7  is softened completely. 
     After the cylindrical metal blank  7  is heated under the high temperature to get supple, the shaping step  33  is executed. As shown in  FIGS. 3 to 5 , the shaping step  33  is performed by shaping the heated cylindrical metal blank  7  with a shaping device  5 . Specifically, the shaping device  5  has a base  51 , a shaping die  52  located on the base  51  and having a first end  521  and a second end  522 , and a pushing unit  53  movably fitted relative to the shaping die  52 . In addition, shaping dies  52  with different shapes and sizes can be applied according to the required shapes and sizes of the finished spanner products to form different types of spanners. Here takes an example that the shaping die  52  is convexly disposed on the base  51  and tapers off from the second end  522  to the first end  521 . During the shaping operation, the cylindrical metal blank  7  is situated at the first end  521  of the shaping die  52  and pushed by the pushing unit  53  to move toward the second end  522  of the shaping die  52  gradually. When the cylindrical metal blank  7  is pushed and pressed by the pushing unit  53 , a middle part of the cylindrical metal blank  7  gradually becomes thinner and extends toward the both sides during the moving action, thereby forming the holding section  72  and two head sections  71  connected to the holding section  72  according to a shape of the shaping die  52 . Further, a width  71   d  of each head section  71  is larger than a width  72   d  of the holding section  72 , as shown in  FIG. 4 . The cylindrical metal blank  7  is heated beforehand in the heating step  32  under the high temperature so that the density of the cylindrical metal blank  7  is changed to allow the cylindrical metal blank  7  to become plastic and extendable, thereby increasing the processing malleability of the cylindrical metal blank  7  and facilitating the shaping step  33 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 6 , after forming the head sections  71  and the holding section  72 , the stamping step  34  is executed. The stamping step  34  is performed by punching the shaped cylindrical metal blank  7  with a stamping device  6  when the cylindrical metal blank  7  still remains heat to simultaneously flatten the holding section  72  and press the head sections  71  to shape each head section  71  into a spanner-shaped part  711  whereby the spanner product is made. In particular, the type of the spanner-shaped part  711  can be formed according to needs. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the A-type spanner has two spanner-shaped parts  711  each having jaws with a central open hole. The B-type spanner has one spanner-shaped part  711  formed in a ring-shaped head with a central closed hole and another spanner-shaped part  711  formed in jaws with a central open hole. The C-type spanner has two spanner-shaped parts  711  each formed in a ring-shaped head with a central closed hole. Hence, the finished spanner can be formed with different types of the spanner-shaped parts  711  through adjusting a contour of a cave of the stamping device  6 . Furthermore, the holding section  72  and the head sections  71  can be processed and formed by multi-stage stamping in the stamping step  34 , as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     The operation of this invention is described with the aid of  FIGS. 3 and 4 . First, a cylindrical metal blank  7  is prepared by cutting a cylindrical metal material into sections according to a size of required spanner product. After preheating the heating device  4  to reach the set temperature, the cylindrical metal blank  7  is heated by the heating device  4  under the high temperature to become softened, thereby increasing the processing malleability of the cylindrical metal blank  7 , facilitating the processing work, and shortening the processing time in the following steps greatly and effectively. Meanwhile, the heated cylindrical metal blank  7  is favorable for quick shaping operation. In addition, the cylindrical shape of the metal blank  7  allows the direct shaping in the shaping step  33 . In the shaping step  33 , the heated cylindrical metal blank  7  is placed at the first end  521  and pushed and pressed by the pushing unit  53  toward the second end  522 . The pushing and pressing actions of the pushing unit  53  allow the middle part of the heated and softened cylindrical metal blank  7  to gradually become thinner during the moving action to form the holding section  72  and parts of the cylindrical metal blank  7  extend toward the both sides to form the head sections  71  whose width  71   d  is larger than the width  72   d  of the holding section  72 . After that, the stamping device  6  executes the stamping operation when the cylindrical metal blank  7  still remains heat to flatten the holding section  72 . Meanwhile, the head sections  71  are pressed by the stamping device  6  whereby the head sections  71  are punched by the punching force of the stamping device  6  to form the spanner-shaped parts  711  which may be troughs or holes according to a shape of the cave. Hence, the spanner product is completed. The stamping operation results in a change in the density of the interior structure of the cylindrical metal blank  7 . Hence, the spanner product is completed. Because the cylindrical metal blank  7  remains heat while executing the stamping operation, no crack derived from over stamping is formed and the required forming size and shape are kept under control whereby the yield is increased and the stamping operation is executed stably and quickly. Thus, a succession of the steps  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34  including the preparing, high temperature heating, shaping and quick stamping simplifies the processing procedures, reduces a use of processing machinery, decreases residual materials, lowers the damage of processing machinery, increases the processing efficiency, attains the fast forming operation, reduces processing costs, and enhances the forming efficiency effectively. 
     The method  3  is distinguished in comparison with the conventional method  1  and provided with advanced effects. First, the method  3  takes an advantage of softening the cylindrical metal blank  7  through heating to increase the processing malleability of the cylindrical metal blank  7 , shorten the processing time of the following steps effectively, reduce a use of processing machinery, lower the damage of machinery, decrease residual materials, and increase the processing efficiency effectively. 
     Second, the shaping step  33  and the stamping step  34  execute the shaping and stamping operation after the cylindrical metal blank  7  is heated under the high temperature that is different from the conventional method  1  which makes the spanner by cold forging and executes stamping by many stamping devices with different thrust. Therefore, the high temperature heating action of the cylindrical metal blank  7  assists in forming the holding section  72  and the head sections  71  quickly, reducing residual materials, and executing the following steps smoothly. Further, the holding section  72  and the head sections  71  can be processed and formed by multi-stage stamping in the stamping step  34  whereby the holding section  72  is flattened and the head sections  71  are formed with the spanner-shaped parts  711  separately. Therefore, a use of processing machinery is reduced, residual materials are decreased greatly, the stamping operation is accelerated to attain the quick and stable stamping, and the processing and production costs are lowered effectively. 
     To sum up, the method of this invention includes steps of preparing a cylindrical metal blank by cutting a cylindrical metal material into sections, heating the cylindrical metal blank whereby the cylindrical metal blank turns into supple and the malleability of the cylindrical metal blank is increased to shorten the processing time of the following steps, shaping the heated cylindrical metal blank into the holding section and the head sections at two sides thereof, and stamping the cylindrical metal blank whereby the holding section is flattened and each head section is formed simultaneously to have the spanner-shaped part. Hence, the succession of the steps reduces a use of processing machinery, simplifies the processing procedures, lowers the damage of processing machinery, decreases residual materials, increases the processing efficiency, achieves the quick and stable stamping operation, and reduces production costs. 
     While the embodiments of this invention are shown and described, it is understood that further variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.