Patent Publication Number: US-2023147074-A1

Title: Rotary position sensor

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 119(a) to Indian Application No. 202111051058, filed Nov. 8, 2021, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to position sensing devices and systems and, more particularly, to configurable systems and apparatuses that sense rotary positions and provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs and/or quadrant linear outputs. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Applicant has identified many technical challenges and difficulties associated with sensors. For example, many sensors require complex processes to manufacture, skilled labor to operate and/or high cost to maintain, therefore limiting their applicability and/or accuracy. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Various embodiments described herein relate to methods, apparatuses, and systems for sensing rotary position. In particular, various embodiments provides a configurable rotary position sensor that provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs as a resolver and/or quadrant linear outputs as a rotary variable differential transformer (RVDT) based on, for example but not limited to, the number of primary coil elements, the number of secondary coil elements, the number of stator plates, and/or the number of rotor plates of the rotary position sensor. 
     In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, a rotary position sensor is provided. In some embodiments, the rotary position sensor comprises a rotor assembly comprising a rotor assembly opening for securing the rotor assembly to a shaft structure; a stator assembly comprising a stator assembly opening for receiving the shaft structure; and a base assembly secured to the stator assembly. In some embodiments, the base assembly secured to the stator assembly is a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. In some embodiments, the base assembly secured to the stator assembly is not a PCB assembly (for example, an assembly in the form of a substrate, a frame, and/or the like). 
     In some embodiments, the base assembly (such as, but not limited to, the PCB assembly) comprises a plurality of primary coil elements printed on a first side of the base assembly (such as, but not limited to, the PCB assembly) and a plurality of secondary coil elements printed on a second side of the base assembly (such as, but not limited to, the PCB assembly). 
     In some embodiments, the PCB assembly comprises a PCB assembly opening. In some embodiments, the PCB assembly opening is aligned with the stator assembly opening. 
     In some embodiments, a secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements is twice a primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements. 
     In some embodiments, the PCB assembly comprises at least two primary coil elements printed on a first side of the PCB assembly and at least four secondary coil elements printed on a second side of the PCB assembly. In some embodiments, the side of the PCB assembly that the coil elements are on can be different from those described herein. For example, some embodiments of the present disclosure may implement other spatial arrangements (such as, but not limited to, two PCB assemblies). 
     In some embodiments, the primary coil element number corresponds to a resolver speed of the rotary position sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of primary coil elements are positioned radially away from the PCB assembly opening on the first side of the PCB assembly. 
     In some embodiments, a plurality of distances between a primary coil element center of each of the plurality of primary coil elements and a PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening are the same. In some embodiments, the radiuses of the plurality of primary coil elements are the same. In some embodiments, the radiuses of the plurality of primary coil elements are different. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of primary coil elements are distributed equally along a distribution circumference on the PCB assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements comprises a plurality of secondary coil A elements and a plurality of secondary coil B elements. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of secondary coil A elements is positioned at a 90 degrees angle to one of the plurality of secondary coil B elements relative to a PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening. In some embodiments, the rotary position sensor further comprises a differential voltage detecting element electronically coupled to one of the plurality of secondary coil A elements and one of the plurality of secondary coil B elements. In some embodiments, the differential voltage detecting element generates a differential voltage output indicating a voltage difference between the plurality of secondary coil A elements and the plurality of secondary coil B elements. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements comprises a plurality of sine coil elements and a plurality of cosine coil elements. 
     In some embodiments, each of the plurality of sine coil elements is positioned at a 90 degrees angle to one of the plurality of cosine coil elements relative to a PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of sine coil elements are electrically connected in series. In some embodiments, the plurality of cosine coil elements are electrically connected in series. 
     In some embodiments, the rotary position sensor further comprises a sine voltage detecting element electronically coupled to the plurality of sine coil elements and a cosine voltage detecting element electronically coupled to the plurality of cosine coil elements. In some embodiments, the sine voltage detecting element generates a sine voltage output indicating a sine voltage of the plurality of sine coil elements. In some embodiments, the cosine voltage detecting element generates a cosine voltage output indicating a cosine voltage of the plurality of cosine coil elements. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements are positioned radially away from the PCB assembly opening on the second side of the PCB assembly. 
     In some embodiments, a plurality of distances between a secondary coil element center of each of the plurality of secondary coil elements and a PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening are the same. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements are distributed equally along a distribution circumference on the PCB assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the rotor assembly comprises a plurality of rotor plates. In some embodiments, the stator assembly comprises a plurality of stator plates. 
     In some embodiments, a stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates is the same as a secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of stator plates are in an annular sector shape and have the same size. In some embodiments, a stator sector angle of each of the plurality of stator plates is based on the stator plate number. 
     In some embodiments, each of the plurality of stator plates is separated from one another and is positioned to cover one of the plurality of secondary coil elements. 
     In some embodiments, a rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates is half of a stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of rotor plates are in an annular sector shape and have the same size. In some embodiments, a rotor sector angle of each of the plurality of rotor plates is based on the rotor plate number. 
     In some embodiments, the stator assembly comprises at least four stator plates. In some embodiments, the rotor assembly comprises at least two rotor plates. 
     The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the disclosure, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained in the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The description of the illustrative embodiments may be read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. It will be appreciated that, for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale, unless described otherwise. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements, unless described otherwise. Embodiments incorporating teachings of the present disclosure are shown and described with respect to the figures presented herein, in which: 
         FIG.  1 A  illustrates an example perspective view of an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  1 B  illustrates an example of an exploded view of the example rotary position sensor shown in  FIG.  1 A  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  1 C  illustrates another example of an exploded view of the example rotary position sensor shown in  FIG.  1 A  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  1 D  illustrates an example angled cross-sectional view of the example rotary position sensor shown in  FIG.  1 A  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  1 E  illustrates an example cross-sectional view of the example rotary position sensor shown in  FIG.  1 A  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  2 A  illustrates an example perspective view of an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  2 B  illustrates an example of an exploded view of the example rotary position sensor shown in  FIG.  2 A  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an example cross-sectional view of an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  4    is an example magnetic flux plot diagram of at least a portion of an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  5    is an example magnetic flux plot diagram of at least a portion of an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an example output diagram indicating example output signals from an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an example output diagram indicating example output signals from an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  8    illustrates an example output diagram indicating example output signals from an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; 
         FIG.  9    illustrates an example angle diagram based on example output signals from an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein; and 
         FIG.  10    illustrates an example error diagram based on example output signals from an example rotary position sensor in accordance with some example embodiments described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Some embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the disclosure are shown. Indeed, these disclosures may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. 
     As used herein, terms such as “front,” “rear,” “top,” etc. are used for explanatory purposes in the examples provided below to describe the relative position of certain components or portions of components. Furthermore, as would be evident to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present disclosure, the terms “substantially” and “approximately” indicate that the referenced element or associated description is accurate to within applicable engineering tolerances. 
     As used herein, the term “comprising” means including but not limited to and should be interpreted in the manner it is typically used in the patent context. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, and having should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, and comprised substantially of. 
     The phrases “in one embodiment,” “according to one embodiment,” and the like generally mean that the particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, and may be included in more than one embodiment of the present disclosure (importantly, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment). 
     The word “example” or “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. 
     If the specification states a component or feature “may,” “can,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “preferably,” “possibly,” “typically,” “optionally,” “for example,” “often,” or “might” (or other such language) be included or have a characteristic, that a specific component or feature is not required to be included or to have the characteristic. Such a component or feature may be optionally included in some embodiments, or it may be excluded. 
     A rotary position sensor can measure displacement in a rotary fashion of an object (such as, but not limited to, the shaft of a motor) in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Examples of rotary position sensors include, but not limited to, rotary variable differential transformers (RVDTs) and resolvers. In many applications, resolvers (such as variable reluctance (VR) resolvers) are preferred because of its through shaft construction and multi-speed options for motor commutation. Other sensors for measuring displacement in the rotary fashion include, but not limited to, magnetoresistive (MR) sensors, inductive sensors, and/or the like. 
     However, many rotary position sensors are faced by many technical challenges and difficulties. For example, many rotary position sensors have a high process and manufacturing cost due to complex designs. Many rotary position sensors require complex windings and manual/semi-automated processes to insert windings to the core for rotor and stator, which can lower the production yield rate. Many rotary position sensors require laminations for stator and rotor core, which is a tedious process. Many rotary position sensors also use grindings to avoid mis-alignment, which can be a tedious and costly process. 
     As an example, VR resolvers may require a complex manufacturing process and skilled labor to assemble, creating a high manufacturing cost. As another example, MR sensors may suffer from magnetic interference due to the placement of the magnet, which would require additional shielding at the system level. As another example, inductive sensors are integrated circuit (IC) based sensors that cannot operate at a high environmental temperature, therefore limiting the applicability of such sensors. As another example, many resolvers and RVDTs require complex process and skilled labor to manufacture, resulting in high cost and limited applicability due to its cost. 
     In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure overcome the above-referenced technical challenges and difficulties, and provide various technical advantages and benefits. 
     For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure provide example rotary position sensors that can function as axial flux-based printed circuit board (PCB) resolvers. In some embodiments, an example rotary position sensor comprises a PCB assembly that comprises at least two primary coil elements and at least four secondary coil elements (e.g. at least two sine coil elements and at least two cosine coil elements that are connected on a 90 degree phase). In some embodiments, an example rotary position sensor comprises a stator assembly that has at least four stator plates that comprise material with high magnetic permeability, which are inserted/molded into a stators shell that is secured to the PCB assembly. In some embodiments, an example rotary position sensor comprises a rotor assembly that comprises at least two rotor plates, which comprise material with high magnetic permeability and are disposed on a rotor flange. In some embodiments, the rotor assembly is fixed on a rotating shaft of a device, and the stator assembly is fixed to a body of the device. 
     In some embodiments, a configurable rotary position sensor may provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs as a resolver and/or quadrant linear outputs as a RVDT based on the number of primary coil elements, the number of secondary coil elements, the number of stator plates, and the number of rotor plates of the configurable rotary position sensor. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure may change, for example, the rotor/stator assembly geometry, the placement and numbers of primary coil elements and secondary coil elements while providing a single design/solution that enables quadrature sinusoidal outputs as a resolver and/or quadrant linear outputs as a RVDT, details of which are described herein. 
     Additionally, or alternatively, various embodiments of the present disclosure eliminate the need for laminations on the rotor assembly and the stator assembly, thereby reducing cost and providing simplicity. Additionally, or alternatively, various embodiments of the present disclosure eliminate the need for physical poles and therefore improving simplicity and avoiding expensive manufacturing processes. Additionally, or alternatively, the primary coil elements and the secondary coil elements are printed on PCB assembly, therefore eliminating the error-prone and expensive process of assembling coils in RVDTs and VR resolvers (which require skilled labor and process cost). 
     Additionally, or alternatively, the primary coil elements and the secondary coil elements are printed on PCB assembly with an automated process so as to reduce cost. In particular, a PCB printed coil provides significant advantages with regards to avoidance of typical wound-component failure modes. Additionally, or alternatively, various embodiments of the present disclosure reduce the number of coils and coil ends for soldering in comparison with many RVDTs and VR resolvers that would require skilled labor and incur process cost. As described above, soldering lead wire to coil and binding lead wires are tedious processes that require skilled labor and process cost, and examples of the present disclosure may solder lead wires directly to the PCB assembly pins to lower the manufacturing cost. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  1 A ,  FIG.  1 B ,  FIG.  1 C ,  FIG.  1 D , and  FIG.  1 E , example views of an example rotary position sensor  100  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein are illustrated. In particular,  FIG.  1 A  illustrates an example perspective view of the example rotary position sensor  100 .  FIG.  1 B  illustrates an example of an exploded view of the example rotary position sensor  100  shown in  FIG.  1 A .  FIG.  1 C  illustrates another example of an exploded view of the example rotary position sensor  100  shown in  FIG.  1 A .  FIG.  1 D  illustrates an example angled cross-sectional view of the example rotary position sensor  100  shown in  FIG.  1 A .  FIG.  1 E  illustrates an example cross-sectional view of the example rotary position sensor  100  shown in  FIG.  1 A . 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , the example rotary position sensor  100  comprises a rotor assembly  101  and a stator assembly  103 . In some embodiments, the example rotary position sensor  100  includes a base assembly. In the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , the base assembly is a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly  105 . 
     In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  is in a shape that is similar to a ring shape. For example, the PCB assembly  105  comprises a PCB assembly opening  111  (for example, located at the center of the PCB assembly  105 ) for receiving a shaft structure. As described above, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be configured to detect an object&#39;s angular movement and translate the object&#39;s angular mechanical position to one or more electrical signals. In some embodiments, the shaft structure that is received by the PCB assembly opening  111  is the object whose angular movement is to be detected by the example rotary position sensor  100 . 
     As an example, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be implemented to detect the rotary movement of a shaft of a motor. In such an example, the PCB assembly  105  may be secured to a housing of the motor directly (or indirectly through the stator assembly  103 ), and the PCB assembly opening  111  receives the shaft of the motor. The PCB assembly opening  111  may be in a circular shape, and the diameter of the PCB assembly opening  111  is larger than the diameter of the shaft of the motor, such that the shaft of the motor passes through the PCB assembly opening  111  and can rotate freely within the PCB assembly opening  111  without causing the PCB assembly  105  to rotate. 
     While the description above provides an example implementation of the example rotary position sensor  100 , it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. In some examples, an example rotary position sensor  100  may be implemented to detect the rotary position of other objects. 
     In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  provides a physical structure that includes one or more layers (such as, but not limited to, one or more conductive layers, one or more insulating layers, and/or the like). For example, the PCB assembly  105  comprises non-conductive substrate materials with layers of copper circuitry buried internally or on the external layers. In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  secures or affixes one or more electronic components (including, but not limited to, one or more coil elements) on an external layer of the PCB assembly  105 . In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  provides reliable electrical connections (as needed) between the one or more electronic components that are secured or affixed on the PCB assembly  105 . 
     For example, the one or more coil elements may be “printed” on the outer layer of the PCB assembly  105 . An example manufacturing method of printing the coil elements on the PCB assembly  105  may include printing the design(s) of one or more coil elements on a photo paper, attached the photo paper to a copper clad board to transfer the design(s) onto the copper clad board, and etching the copper clad board to dissolve portions of copper from the copper clad board that are not part of the design(s) of one or more coil elements. In some examples, one or more openings may be drilled on the PCB assembly  105  so as to connect the coil elements printed on the PCB assembly  105  to other more electronic components (for example, through one or more lead wires). Additionally, or alternatively, one or more electronic components may be soldered onto the PCB assembly  105 . 
     In the present disclosure, the terms “coil element,” “coil,” and “electromagnetic coil” are used interchangeably to refer to an electrical conductor such as a wire in the shape of a coil, spiral or helix. 
     While the description above provides an example of printing coil elements on a PCB assembly, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. In some examples, coil elements may be printed on the PCB assembly  105  through other manufacturing means/methods such that the coil elements are secured or affixed on the PCB assembly  105 . For example, while the use of a PCB provides many technical benefits, scope of the present disclosure is not limited to this example only. For example, example embodiments of the present disclosure may not implement a PCB at all while still providing various technical benefits described above, in that the coil geometry and stator/rotor geometry are simpler than many other designs. 
     Referring back to the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , in some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  comprises a plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) printed on a first side of the PCB assembly  105 . In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  comprises a plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) printed on a second side of the PCB assembly  105 . 
     In some embodiments, the side(s) of the PCB assembly that the coil elements are on can be different from those described herein. For example, some embodiments of the present disclosure may implement other spatial arrangements for the coil elements and/or the PCB assemblies (such as, but not limited to, two PCB assemblies). 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) may be connected to an external power source (also referred to as an excitation voltage) through lead wires or terminals that pass through one or more of openings  121 A,  121 B,  121 C,  121 D,  121 E, and  121 F. For example, the external power source may provide an alternating current (AC) to the plurality of primary coil elements (for example, an AC in the sine wave form). In such an example, the plurality of primary coil elements may provide functions as primary windings of a transformer. For example, as the excitation voltage flows through the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B), the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) generate a magnetic field (or “magnetic flux”) around the plurality of primary coil elements. The strength and/or the direction of the magnetism (or magnetic flux density) fluctuates based on, for example but not limited to, the magnitude of the excitation voltage, the position of object having high magnetic permeability (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B described herein) that are in the magnetic field, and other factors. 
     Continuing from the example above, the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) may provide functions as secondary windings of the transformer. For example, the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) may be in the magnetic field generated by the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B). As the strength and/or the direction of the magnetism fluctuates, electrical energy (also referred to as detection current or detection voltage) are generated/inducted in the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) due to electromagnetic induction. 
     In some embodiments, the voltages in the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) may correlate to the strength and/or the direction of the magnetism (or magnetic flux density) as detected by each of the plurality of secondary coil elements. As such, based on the voltages in the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D), the strength and/or the direction of the magnetism (or magnetic flux density) may be calculated, which may in turn be used to infer, for example but not limited to, the positions of objects having high magnetic permeability (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B described herein) that are in the magnetic field. In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) may be connected to one or more voltage detecting elements through lead wires or terminals that pass through one or more of openings  121 A,  121 B,  121 C,  121 D,  121 E, and  121 F. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) are positioned radially away from the PCB assembly opening  111  on the first side of the PCB assembly  105 . For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  1 B , the primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B are positioned radially away from the center of the PCB assembly opening  111 . 
     In some embodiments, a plurality of distances between a primary coil element center of each of the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) and a PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111  are the same. For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  1 B , the distance between the primary coil element center of the primary coil element  113 A and the PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111  is the same as the distance between the primary coil element center of the primary coil element  113 B and the PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111 . 
     In some embodiments, the radiuses of the plurality of primary coil elements are the same. In some embodiments, the radiuses of the plurality of primary coil elements are different. For example, an example rotary position sensor may comprise a first primary coil element that has a radius that is smaller than the radius for a second primary coil element so as to enable both one-speed outputs and multi-speed outputs from the same example rotary position sensor. In some embodiments, the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) are distributed equally along a distribution circumference on the PCB assembly  105 . For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  1 B , the primary coil element  113 A and the primary coil element  113 B divide the distribution circumference on the PCB assembly  105  in halves. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) are positioned radially away from the PCB assembly opening  111  on the second side of the PCB assembly  105 . For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  1 C , the secondary coil element  115 A, the secondary coil element  115 B, the secondary coil element  115 C, and the secondary coil element  115 D are positioned radially away from the center of the PCB assembly opening  111 . 
     In some embodiments, a plurality of distances between a secondary coil element center of each of the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) and a PCB assembly opening center (for example, a central axis  131  of the PCB assembly  105 ) of the PCB assembly opening  111  are the same. For example, as shown in at least  FIG.  1 C , the distance between the secondary coil element center of the secondary coil element  115 A and the PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111 , the distance between the secondary coil element center of the secondary coil element  115 B and the PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111 , the distance between the secondary coil element center of the secondary coil element  115 C and the PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111 , and the distance between the secondary coil element center of the secondary coil element  115 D and the PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening  111  are all the same. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) are distributed equally along a distribution circumference on the PCB assembly  105 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  1 C , the secondary coil element  115 A, the secondary coil element  115 B, the secondary coil element  115 C, and the secondary coil element  115 D divide the distribution circumference on the PCB assembly  105  into quarters. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) comprise a plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) and a plurality of co sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C). 
     In some embodiments, each of the plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) is positioned at a 90 degrees angle to one of the plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C) relative to a PCB assembly opening center (for example, a central axis  131  of the PCB assembly  105 ) of the PCB assembly opening  111 . For example, the secondary coil element  115 A is a sine coil element that is positioned at a 90 degrees angle (relative to the central axis  131  of the PCB assembly  105 ) to the secondary coil element  115 D that is a cosine coil element. As an example, the secondary coil element  115 B is a sine coil element that is positioned at a 90 degrees angle (relative to the central axis  131  of the PCB assembly  105 ) to the secondary coil element  115 C that is a cosine coil element. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) are electrically connected in series. In some embodiments, the plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C) are electrically connected in series. For example, the secondary coil element  115 A and the secondary coil element  115 B, which are sine coil elements, are connected in series. Additionally, or alternatively, the secondary coil element  115 D and the secondary coil element  115 C, which are cosine coil elements, are connected in series. In some embodiments, the plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) may generate sine outputs. In some embodiments, the plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C) may generate cosine outputs. 
     While the description above provides example outputs such as sine outputs and cosine outputs, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. For example, example outputs of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to, synchro outputs, which has three equally spaced outputs rather than just sine outputs and cosine outputs. 
     In some embodiments, the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements and the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements may be configured or determined directly or indirectly based on output requirements of the example rotary position sensor  100 , details of which are described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  is secured to the stator assembly  103 . In some embodiments, the stator assembly  103  is secured to the PCB assembly  105 . In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  and the stator assembly  103  are secured to one another through a locking mechanism. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  1 B , an example locking mechanism comprising locking pins and locking openings are shown. For example, the stator assembly  103  comprises one or more locking pins (such as locking pin  129 A and locking pin  129 B) that protrude from an outer surface of the stator assembly  103 . The PCB assembly  105  comprises one or more locking openings (such as locking opening  123 A and locking opening  123 B) that correspond to the one or more locking pins. In some embodiments, the one or more locking pins are disposed along a periphery of the stator assembly  103 , and the one or more locking openings are disposed along a periphery of the PCB assembly  105 . When the one or more locking pins of the stator assembly  103  are inserted to the one or more locking openings of the PCB assembly  105 , the PCB assembly  105  and the stator assembly  103  are secured to one another. 
     While the description above provides an example of a locking mechanism, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. In some examples, an example locking mechanism may comprise one or more additional and/or alternative elements. In some embodiments, the PCB assembly  105  and the stator assembly  103  are secured to one another without a locking mechanism. For example, the stator assembly  103  may be attached to the PCB assembly  105  through chemical adhesive (such as glue). 
     Referring back to the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , in some embodiments, the stator assembly  103  is in a shape that is similar to a ring shape. For example, the stator assembly  103  comprises a stator assembly opening  109  (for example, located at the center of the stator assembly  103 ) for receiving a shaft structure. As described above, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be configured to detect an object&#39;s angular movement and translate the object&#39;s angular mechanical position to one or more electrical signals. In some embodiments, the shaft structure that is received by the stator assembly opening  109  is the object whose angular movement is to be detected by the example rotary position sensor  100 . 
     As an example, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be implemented to detect the rotary movement of a shaft of a motor. In such an example, the stator assembly  103  may be secured to a housing of the motor directly (or indirectly through the PCB assembly  105 ), and the stator assembly opening  109  receives the shaft of the motor. The stator assembly opening  109  may be in a circular shape, and the diameter of the stator assembly opening  109  is larger than the diameter of the shaft of the motor, such that the shaft of the motor passes through the stator assembly opening  109  and can rotate freely within the stator assembly opening  109  without causing the stator assembly  103  to rotate. 
     While the description above provides an example implementation of the example rotary position sensor  100 , it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. In some examples, an example rotary position sensor  100  may be implemented to detect the rotary position of other objects. 
     In some embodiments, the PCB assembly opening  111  is aligned with the stator assembly opening  109 . For example, the center axis of the PCB assembly opening  111  is aligned with the center axis of the stator assembly opening  109 . In some embodiments, the diameter of the PCB assembly opening  111  is the same as the diameter of the stator assembly opening  109 . In some embodiments, the diameter of the PCB assembly opening  111  is larger than the diameter of the stator assembly opening  109 . In some embodiments, the diameter of the PCB assembly opening  111  is smaller than the diameter of the stator assembly opening  109 . 
     Referring back to the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , in some embodiments, the stator assembly  103  comprises a stator shell  125 . 
     In some embodiments, the stator shell  125  is in a ring shape. In some embodiments, the stator shell  125  comprises a stator shell opening (for example, located at the center of the stator shell  125 ) that provides the stator assembly opening  109 . In some embodiments, the stator shell  125  may comprise one or more materials such as, but not limited to, plastics. In some embodiments, the stator shell  125  may comprise one or more materials other than plastic. 
     In some embodiments, the stator assembly  103  comprises a plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D). In some embodiments, the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) are disposed within the stator shell  125 . For example, the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) may be inserted or molded into the stator shell  125  such that the positions of the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) are secured within the stator assembly  103 . 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  1 B , the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) are in an annular sector shape that is defined by at least an annular sector angle and the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the stator plates. For example, the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) may be annular sector plates. In some embodiments, the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) have the same size. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) may provide technical benefits, improvements, and/or advantages such as, but not limited to, widening magnetic flux and/or reducing error. 
     For example, the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) comprise material having a high magnetic permeability (e.g. the magnetic permeability of such material satisfies a magnetic permeability threshold). Examples of materials for stator plates that have a magnetic permeability satisfying a magnetic permeability threshold include, but not limited to, Carpenter HyMu “ 80 ”® Alloy, Carpenter 49® Alloy, and/or the like. The magnetic permeability of a stator plate indicates how easily an external magnetic field can induce an internal field in the stator plate. In other words, the higher the magnetic permeability, the better the stator plate at allowing magnetic flux to pass through it. 
     As described, the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) generates magnetic flux when excitation voltage is connected to the plurality of primary coil elements. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) is separated from one another. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D) is positioned to cover or provide a cover for one of the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D). 
     For example, the stator plate  117 A is positioned to cover/provide a cover for secondary coil element  115 A, the stator plate  117 B is positioned to cover/provide a cover for secondary coil element  115 B, the stator plate  117 C is positioned to cover/provide a cover for secondary coil element  115 C, and the stator plate  117 D is positioned to cover/provide a cover for secondary coil element  115 D. In some embodiments, a center of the stator plate overlaps with a center of the secondary coil element that it covers. 
     In some embodiments, at least because the plurality of stator plates comprise material(s) having high magnetic permeability, a stator plate of the plurality of stator plates can widen the magnetic flux received by the secondary coil element that is covered by the stator plate as the stator plate allows magnetic flux to pass through. Additionally, or alternatively, at least because the plurality of stator plates comprise material(s) having high magnetic permeability, a stator plate of the plurality of stator plates can reduce the amount of stray magnetic flux (that is not generated by the primary coil elements) from being detected by the secondary coil element that is covered by the stator plate so as to reduce error. 
     In some embodiments, the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates, the stator sector angles of the stator plates, the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the stator plates may be configured or determined directly or indirectly based on output requirements of the example rotary position sensor  100 , details of which are described herein. 
     Referring back to the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , in some embodiments, the rotor assembly  101  is in a shape that is similar to a ring shape. For example, the rotor assembly  101  comprises a rotor assembly opening  107  (for example, located at the center of the rotor assembly opening  107 ) for securing the rotor assembly  101  to a shaft structure. As described above, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be configured to detect an object&#39;s angular movement and translate the object&#39;s angular mechanical position to one or more electrical signals. In some embodiments, the shaft structure that the rotor assembly opening  107  is secured to is the object whose angular movement is to be detected by the example rotary position sensor  100 . 
     As an example, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be implemented to detect the rotary movement of a shaft of a motor. In such an example, the rotor assembly  101  is secured to the shaft of the motor. For example, the rotor assembly opening  107  may be in a circular shape, and the diameter of the rotor assembly opening  107  is the same as the diameter of the shaft of the motor. In some embodiments, the rotor assembly  101  is welded to the shaft of the motor at the rotor assembly opening  107 . As such, because the rotor assembly  101  is secured to the shaft of the motor, the rotor assembly  101  rotates when the shaft of the motor rotates. 
     While the description above provides an example implementation of the example rotary position sensor  100 , it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. In some examples, an example rotary position sensor  100  may be implemented to detect the rotary position of other objects. 
     Referring back to the example shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , in some embodiments, the rotor assembly  101  comprises a rotor flange  127 . 
     In some embodiments, the rotor flange  127  is in a ring shape. In some embodiments, the rotor flange  127  comprises a rotor flange opening (for example, located at the center of the rotor flange  127 ) that provides the rotor assembly opening  107 . In some embodiments, the rotor flange  127  may comprise one or more materials such as, but not limited to, plastics. In some embodiments, the rotor flange  127  may comprise one or more materials other than plastic. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , in some embodiments, the rotor assembly  101  comprises a plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B). In some embodiments, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) are disposed/secured on the rotor flange  127 . For example, the plurality of rotor plates may be welded to the rotor flange  127 . Additionally, or alternatively, the plurality of rotor plates may be glued to the rotor flange  127 . Additionally, or alternatively, the plurality of rotor plates may be disposed/secured on the rotor flange  127  through other means. 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  1 B , the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) are in an annular sector shape that is defined by at least an annular sector angle and the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the rotor plates. For example, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) may be annular sector plates. In some embodiments, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) have the same size. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) are alternatingly positioned on the rotor assembly  101  such that they are not connected to one another. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) may provide technical benefits, improvements, and/or advantages such as, but not limited to, diverting magnetic flux between the plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C) and the plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) based on angular positions of the plurality of rotor plates. 
     For example, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B) comprise material having a high magnetic permeability (e.g. the magnetic permeability of such material satisfies a magnetic permeability threshold). Examples of materials for rotor plates that have a magnetic permeability satisfying a magnetic permeability threshold include, but not limited to, Carpenter HyMu “ 80 ”® Alloy, Carpenter 49® Alloy, and/or the like. Similar to those described above, the magnetic permeability of a rotor plate indicates how easily an external magnetic field can induce an internal field in the rotor plate. In other words, the higher the magnetic permeability, the better the rotor plate at allowing magnetic flux to pass through it. 
     As described, the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) generates magnetic flux when the excitation voltage is applied to the plurality of primary coil elements. Further, as described above, the rotor assembly  101  is secured to a shaft structure (for example, the shaft of a motor). As the shaft structure rotates, the plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) rotate along with the shaft structure. In some embodiments, at least because the plurality of rotor plates comprise materials having high magnetic permeability, the rotation of the plurality of rotor plates affects the magnetic flux generated by the plurality of primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B). In some embodiments, at least because of the changes in the magnetic flux, the detection voltages generated by the plurality of secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) change as well. 
     In some embodiments, as plurality of rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) rotate, the plurality of rotor plates may divert the magnetic flux between the plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C) and the plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) and cause changes in the detection voltages in the plurality of cosine coil elements and the plurality of sine coil elements. 
     In some embodiments, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates, the rotor sector angles of the rotor plates, the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the plurality of the plurality of rotor plates may be configured or determined directly or indirectly based on output requirements of the example rotary position sensor  100 , details of which are described herein. 
     In the examples shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , the rotor assembly  101  comprises at least two rotor plates (such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B). As described above, the rotor assembly  101  may be secured to a rotating shaft of an application. 
     In the examples shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , the PCB assembly  105  comprises at least two primary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B) printed on a first side of the PCB assembly  105  and at least four secondary coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A, secondary coil element  115 B, secondary coil element  115 C, and secondary coil element  115 D) printed on a second side of the PCB assembly  105 . In the examples shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E , the stator assembly  103  comprises at least four stator plates (such as, but not limited to, stator plate  117 A, stator plate  117 B, stator plate  117 C, and stator plate  117 D). As described above, the PCB assembly  105  and/or the stator assembly  103  may be secured to a housing of the application, and the PCB assembly  105  and the stator assembly  103  may be secured to one another. 
     In some embodiments, during operation, the rotor assembly  101 , the stator assembly  103 , and the PCB assembly  105  may be aligned coaxially. For example, a center axis of the rotor assembly opening  107 , a center axis of the stator assembly opening  109 , and a center axis of the PCB assembly opening  111  may be aligned. 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  1 E , example parameters associated with the example rotary position sensor are illustrated. In some embodiments, the thickness of the rotor assembly  101  (R T ) may be 5.3 millimeters. The air gap between the rotor assembly  101  and the stator assembly  103  (A T ) may be 1 millimeters. The overall thickness of the PCB assembly  105  and the stator assembly  103  (S T ) may be 3.2 millimeters. The overall thickness of the rotor assembly  101 , the air gap, the stator assembly  103 , and the PCB assembly  105  (O T ) may be 9.5 millimeters. The inner diameter of the rotor assembly  101  (for example, the diameter of the rotor assembly opening  107 ) (R ID ) may be 6.25 millimeters. The outer diameter of the stator assembly  103  and/or the PCB assembly (S OD ) may be 22.9 millimeters. 
     While the description above provides some example parameters, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the description above. In some examples, an example rotary position sensor may have other parameters. 
     As described above, the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements, the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements, the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates, the stator sector angles of the plurality of stator plates, the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the plurality of stator plates, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates, the rotor sector angles of the plurality of rotor plates, and/or the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the plurality of rotor plates may be configured or determined directly or indirectly based on output requirements of the example rotary position sensor  100 , details of which are described herein. 
     As described above, various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a configurable rotary position sensor. In some embodiments, the example rotary position sensor  100  may be configured to satisfy different output requirements for detecting rotary positions. For example, an example output requirement may require the example rotary position sensor  100  to provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs based on the detected rotary positions (e.g. the example rotary position sensor  100  functions as a resolver (e.g. a VR resolver)). As another example, an example output requirement may require the example rotary position sensor  100  to provide quadrant linear outputs based on the detected rotary positions (e.g. the example rotary position sensor  100  functions as a rotary variable differential transformer (RVDT)). 
     In some embodiments, to configure the example rotary position sensor  100  as a RVDT to provide quadrant linear outputs, the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates equals four (4) and the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates equals two (2). In other words, the example rotary position sensor  100  comprises four stator plates and two rotor plates. 
     In some embodiments, to configure the example rotary position sensor  100  as a RVDT to provide quadrant linear outputs, the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements equals two (2) and the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements equals four (4). In other words, the example rotary position sensor  100  comprises four secondary coil elements and two primary coil elements. 
     As such, an example method of manufacturing the example rotary position sensor  100  as a RVDT to provide quadrant linear outputs may comprise providing a PCB assembly  105 , printing two primary coil elements on the first side of the PCB assembly  105 , printing four secondary coil elements on the second side of PCB assembly  105 , molding four stator plates in the stator shell  125  of the stator assembly  103 , and welding two rotor plates on the rotor flange  127  of the rotor assembly  101 . 
     In some embodiments, to detect the quadrant linear outputs from the example rotary position sensor  100  that functions as a RVDT. the plurality of secondary coil elements comprises a plurality of secondary coil A elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A or secondary coil element  115 B) and a plurality of secondary coil B elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D or secondary coil element  115 C). In some embodiments, each of the plurality of secondary coil A elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A or secondary coil element  115 B) is positioned at a 90 degrees angle to one of the plurality of secondary coil B elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D or secondary coil element  115 C) relative to a PCB assembly opening center of the PCB assembly opening. 
     In some embodiments, to detect the quadrant linear outputs from the example rotary position sensor  100  that functions as a RVDT, the example rotary position sensor  100  further comprises a differential voltage detecting element electronically coupled to one of the plurality of secondary coil A elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A or secondary coil element  115 B) and one of the plurality of secondary coil B elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D or secondary coil element  115 C). 
     In some embodiments, differential voltage detecting element is a voltage sensor that generates a differential voltage output indicating a voltage difference between the plurality of secondary coil A elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B) and the plurality of secondary coil B elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C). 
     For example, a first end of the differential voltage detecting element may be electrically coupled to a first end of the secondary coil element  115 A, and a second end of the differential voltage detecting element may be electrically coupled to a first end of the secondary coil element  115 C. As described above, the secondary coil element  115 A may be electrically coupled to the secondary coil element  115 B, and the secondary coil element  115 C may be electrically coupled to the secondary coil element  115 D. As such, the differential voltage detecting element may detect a differential voltage between the secondary coil A elements and the secondary coil B elements, indicating that the example rotary position sensor  100  can function as a RVDT to provide quadrant linear outputs. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil A elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A or secondary coil element  115 B) are electrically coupled to the plurality of secondary coil B elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D or secondary coil element  115 C) in series. In some embodiments, the plurality of secondary coil A elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A or secondary coil element  115 B) are not electrically coupled to the plurality of secondary coil B elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D or secondary coil element  115 C). 
     In some embodiments, when the example rotary position sensor  100  functions as a RVDT, the example rotary position sensor  100  may give an output that is roughly sinusoidal, but may have similarities to a triangle wave in that it has portions near the zero crossing which are roughly linear. As such, when the example rotary position sensor  100  functions as a RVDT, quadrant linear outputs are generated and the useful sensing range of the RVDT is limited to these linear portions. 
     In some embodiments, to configure the example rotary position sensor  100  as a resolver to provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs, the primary coil element number corresponds to a resolver speed of the example rotary position sensor  100  according to the output requirements. 
     In the present disclosure, the term “resolver speed” refers to the number of electrical cycle pairs generated from the secondary coil elements compared to the number of mechanical revolutions of the shaft structure (on which the rotor plates are secured to). In some embodiments, the resolver speed may be determined based on the particular application and/or the accuracy degree needed for the output. For example, in a single speed resolver, a single electrical cycle is generated for every mechanical revolution of the shaft structure. In a multi-speed resolver (for example, a 2× resolver, a 3× resolver, etc.), multiple sine cycles and cosine cycles are generated at every mechanical revolution of the shaft structure, therefore providing a higher degree of accuracy. 
     For example, for a 2× resolver, the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements equals two (2) (e.g. two primary coil elements are printed on the first side of the PCB assembly  105 ). For a 3× resolver, the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements equals three (3) (e.g. three primary coil elements are printed on the first side of the PCB assembly  105 ). For a 4× resolver, the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements equals four (4) (e.g. four primary coil elements are printed on the first side of the PCB assembly  105 ). 
     In some embodiments, a secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements is twice the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements. In some embodiments, the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements is twice the resolver speed of the example rotary position sensor  100  according to the output requirements. 
     For example, for a 2× resolver, the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements equals four (4) (e.g. four secondary coil elements are printed on the second side of the PCB assembly  105 ). For a 3× resolver, the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements equals six (6) (e.g. six secondary coil elements are printed on the second side of the PCB assembly  105 ). For a 4× resolver, the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements equals eight (8) (e.g. eight secondary coil elements are printed on the second side of the PCB assembly  105 ). 
     In some embodiments, a stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates is the same as a secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements. In some embodiments, a stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates is twice the resolver speed of the example rotary position sensor  100  according to the output requirements. 
     For example, for a 2× resolver, the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates equals four (4) (e.g. four stator plates are molded in the stator shell  125  of the stator assembly  103 ). For a 3× resolver, the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates equals six ( 6 ) (e.g. six stator plates are molded in the stator shell  125  of the stator assembly  103 ). For a 4× resolver, the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates equals eight (8) (e.g. eight stator plates are molded in the stator shell  125  of the stator assembly  103 ). 
     In some embodiments, a rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates is half of a stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates. In some embodiments, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates is the same as the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements. In some embodiments, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates is the same as the resolver speed of the example rotary position sensor  100  according to the output requirements. 
     For example, for a 2× resolver, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates equals two (2) (e.g. two rotor plates are welded on the rotor flange  127  of the rotor assembly  101 ). For a 3× resolver, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates equals three (3) (e.g. three rotor plates are welded on the rotor flange  127  of the rotor assembly  101 ). For a 4× resolver, the rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates equals four (4) (e.g. four rotor plates are welded on the rotor flange  127  of the rotor assembly  101 ). 
     In some embodiments, a stator sector angle of each of the plurality of stator plates is based on the stator plate number. For example, as described above, the stator assembly is in a shape that is similar to a ring shape, therefore providing a 360 degrees angle. The stator sector angle of each of the plurality of stator plates may be calculated based on dividing the 360 degrees angle by the stator plate number (and minus the angle of gaps between stator plates, if needed). For example, if the stator plate number is four and the angle of gaps between stator plates is two, the stator sector angle may be calculated based on (360/4)−2=88 degrees. 
     In some embodiments, the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the plurality of stator plates may be based on the stator plate number. For example, as the stator plate number increases, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the plurality of stator plates may increase proportionally to accommodate higher speed resolvers (for example, 3× and more). 
     In some embodiments, a rotor sector angle of each of the plurality of rotor plates is based on the rotor plate number. For example, as described above, the rotor assembly is in a shape that is similar to a ring shape, therefore providing a 360 degrees angle. The rotor sector angle of each of the plurality of rotor plates may be calculated based on dividing the 360 degrees angle by twice the rotor plate number. For example, if the rotor plate number is two, the rotor sector angle may be calculated based on (360/4)=90 degrees. 
     As described above, the rotor plates are alternatingly positioned on the rotor flange  127  of the rotor assembly  101  such that they are not connected with one another. In some embodiments, the angle of a gap between two edges of neighboring rotor plates may be the same as the rotor sector angle. 
     In some embodiments, the outer diameter and/or inner diameter of the plurality of rotor plates may be based on the rotor plate number. For example, as the rotor plate number increases, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the plurality of rotor plates may increase proportionally to accommodate higher speed resolvers (for example, 3× and more). 
     As such, an example method of manufacturing the example rotary position sensor  100  as a resolver to provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs may comprise providing a PCB assembly  105 , determining a primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil element according to a resolver speed of the example rotary position sensor  100  based on the output requirements; printing primary coil elements on the first side of the PCB assembly  105 ; determining a secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements as twice the primary coil element number associated with the plurality of primary coil elements; printing secondary coil elements on the second side of PCB assembly  105 ; determining a stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates as the same as the secondary coil element number associated with the plurality of secondary coil elements; molding stator plates in the stator shell  125  of the stator assembly  103 ; determining a rotor plate number associated with the plurality of rotor plates as half of the stator plate number associated with the plurality of stator plates, and welding rotor plates on the rotor flange  127  of the rotor assembly  101 . 
     In some embodiments, to detect the quadrature sinusoidal outputs from the example rotary position sensor  100  that functions as a resolver, the example rotary position sensor  100  comprises a sine voltage detecting element and a cosine voltage detecting element. In some embodiments, the sine voltage detecting element and cosine voltage detecting element are voltage sensors. 
     In some embodiments, the sine voltage detecting element is electronically coupled to the plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B). In some embodiments, the sine voltage detecting element generates a sine voltage output indicating a sine voltage of plurality of sine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 A and secondary coil element  115 B). 
     In some embodiments, the cosine voltage detecting element is electronically coupled to the plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C). In some embodiments, the cosine voltage detecting element generates a cosine voltage output indicating a cosine voltage of plurality of cosine coil elements (such as, but not limited to, secondary coil element  115 D and secondary coil element  115 C). 
     As such, the sine voltage detecting element may detect a sine voltage from the sine coil elements, and the cosine voltage detecting element may detect a cosine voltage from the cosine coil elements, indicating that the example rotary position sensor  100  can function as a resolver to provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs. 
     As such, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a configurable rotary position sensor that provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs as a resolver and/or quadrant linear outputs as a RVDT based at least in part on the number of primary coil elements, the number of secondary coil elements, the number of stator plates, and the number of rotor plates of the configurable rotary position sensor. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2 A  and  FIG.  2 B , example views of an example rotary position sensor  200  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein are illustrated. In particular,  FIG.  2 A  illustrates an example perspective view of the example rotary position sensor  200 .  FIG.  2 B  illustrates an example of an exploded view of the example rotary position sensor  200  shown in  FIG.  2 A . 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  2 A  and  FIG.  2 B , the example rotary position sensor  200  comprises a rotor assembly  202  and a PCB assembly  204 , similar to the rotor assembly  101  and the PCB assembly  105 , respectively, described above in connection with at least  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E . 
     In some embodiments, the example rotary position sensor  200  comprises a plurality of primary coil elements such as, but not limited to, primary coil element  212 A and primary coil element  212 B, similar to the primary coil element  113 A and primary coil element  113 B described above in connection with at least  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E . 
     In some embodiments, the example rotary position sensor  200  comprises a plurality of rotor plates such as, but not limited to, rotor plate  206 A and rotor plate  206 B, similar to the rotor plate  119 A and rotor plate  119 B described above in connection with at least  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E . 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  2 A  and  FIG.  2 B , the example rotary position sensor  200  further comprises an enclosure  208 . In particular, the enclosure  208  may be in a shape that is similar to a ring shape. In some embodiments, the inner periphery of the enclosure  208  may be secured/attached to an outer periphery of the PCB assembly  204 , such that the PCB assembly  204  is secured within the enclosure  208 . 
     In some embodiments, the enclosure  208  may comprise one or more ear elements (such as ear element  210 A, ear element  210 B, and ear element  210 C as shown in  FIG.  2 A  and  FIG.  2 B ). In some embodiments, the one or more ear elements are attached/secured to an outer periphery of the enclosure  208 , and each of the one or more ear elements (such as ear element  210 A, ear element  210 B, and ear element  210 C as shown in  FIG.  2 A  and  FIG.  2 B ) may comprise a through hole so that, for example, the enclosure  208  and the PCB assembly  204  can be secured to a housing of a device through the through holes. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  3   , an example cross-sectional view of an example rotary position sensor  300  in accordance with some example embodiments described herein is illustrated. 
     In some embodiments, the example rotary position sensor  300  comprises a rotor assembly  301 , a stator assembly  303 , and a PCB assembly  305 , similar to the rotor assembly  101 , the stator assembly  103 , and the PCB assembly  105 , respective described above in connection with at least  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E . 
     In the example shown in  FIG.  3    the example rotary position sensor  300  is configured to detect the rotary position of the shaft structure  309  of the device  307 . The device  307  comprises a housing  311  that is supported by at least the front bearing  313  and the rear bearing  315 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the stator assembly  303 , and the PCB assembly  305  are secured to the housing  311 . The stator assembly comprises a stator assembly opening  317  for receiving the shaft structure  309 , and the PCB assembly  305  comprises a PCB assembly opening  319  for receiving the shaft structure  309 . The shaft structure  309  may rotate without causing any rotational movement of the stator assembly  303  or the PCB assembly  305 . 
     Further, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the rotor assembly  301  is welded to the shaft structure  309  of the device  307 , and therefore the rotational movement of the shaft structure  309  is transferred to the rotor assembly  301 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the rotor assembly  301 , the stator assembly  303 , and the PCB assembly  305  are aligned coaxially around the shaft structure  309  of the device  307 . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  4    and  FIG.  5   , example magnetic flux plot diagrams associated with example rotary position sensors in accordance with some example embodiments described herein are illustrated. In particular,  FIG.  4    and  FIG.  5    illustrate example magnetic flux plot diagrams of at least a portion of example rotary position sensors, where the rotor plates are at different positions relative to the stator plates. 
     In particular,  FIG.  4    illustrates the magnetic flux plot of stator plates  402 ,  404 ,  406 , and  408 , where at least some of the stator plates (e.g. the stator plates  402  and  406 ) overlap with the rotator plates  410  and  412 , while some of the stator plates (e.g. the stator plates  404  and  408 ) do not overlap with the rotator plates  410  and  412 .  FIG.  5    illustrates the magnetic flux plot of stator plates  402 ,  404 ,  406 , and  408 , where the rotator plates  410  and  412  have rotated to a different angle as compared to that in  FIG.  4   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  4    and  FIG.  5   , the magnetic flux generated by the primary coil elements links the stator plates  402 ,  404 ,  406 ,  408  and rotator plates  410 ,  412  axially due to their high magnetic permeability and their coaxial position. As such, various embodiments of the present disclosure enable axial magnetic flux to be distributed when detecting rotary positions. 
     Additionally, shown from  FIG.  4    to  FIG.  5   , the rotary position changes of the rotator plates  410 ,  412  cause the magnetic flux detected by the secondary coil elements  414 ,  416 ,  418 , and  420  to change, and the secondary coil elements  414 ,  416 ,  418 , and  420  may generate output signals that are correlated to the rotary position changes, similar to those described above. 
     Further,  FIG.  4    and  FIG.  5    illustrate various example parameters described herein. In  FIG.  4   , S SA  illustrates an example stator sector angle of the stator plates, S OD  illustrates an example outer diameter of the stator plates, and the S ID  illustrates an example inner diameter of the stator plates. In  FIG.  5   , R SA  illustrates an example rotor sector angle of the rotor plates, R OD  illustrates an example outer diameter of the rotor plates, and the R ID  illustrates an example inner diameter of the rotor plates. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  6    and  FIG.  7   , example output diagrams indicating example output signals from example rotary position sensors in accordance with some example embodiments described herein are illustrated. 
     In particular, the example output signals from the example output diagrams shown in  FIG.  6    and  FIG.  7    are from example rotary position sensors that are configured as RVDTs in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  6    illustrates example outputs from an example rotary position sensor as a single cycle RVDT, and  FIG.  7    illustrates example outputs from an example rotary position sensor as a dual cycle RVDT. As shown in  FIG.  6    and  FIG.  7   , the rotary position may be determined based on the differential voltages generated by the secondary coil elements due to the rotary position. 
     As described above, there are many technical challenges and difficulties associated with RVDTs, and example embodiments of the present disclosure overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. 
     For example, many RVDTs require four poles in the stator design and create limitations on slot opening for placing coils. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, there are no poles as the coil elements are printed to the PCB assembly. 
     As another example, many RVDTs require eight coils to work magnetically. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, only two primary coil elements necessary and four secondary coil elements are necessary. 
     As another example, it can be difficult to terminate lead wires in many RVDTs because of the large number of coils. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, lead wires (that connect the primary coil elements and secondary coil elements) are directly soldered to the PCB assembly. 
     As another example, it can be difficult to insert coils in many RVDTs because of small slot openings (e.g. a diameter of 0.018 centimeter). Only one turn at a time can be moved inside the slot, and it is a time consuming process and requires highly skilled people to complete such a process. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, there is no stator core in the stator assembly. 
     As another example, many RVDTs have a high manufacturing cost due to the process time and material needed (for example, $300 per stator and $80 per rotor). In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, the cost for manufacturing a stator assembly may be lower than $15, and the cost for manufacturing a rotor assembly may be lower than $10. 
     As another example, many RVDTs have high chances of damaging magnet wire because it has to pass through a small slot. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, there is no magnet wire as the primary coil elements and the secondary coil elements are directly printed on the PCB assembly. 
     As another example, many RVDTs have a length of 1.1″, limiting its applicability. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, the length of the rotary position sensor is 0.75″ (therefore reducing the length by 31.8%). 
     Referring now to  FIG.  8   ,  FIG.  9   , and  FIG.  10   , example diagrams based on example output signals from example rotary position sensors in accordance with some example embodiments described herein are illustrated. 
     In particular,  FIG.  8    illustrates an example output diagram indicating example output signals from an example rotary position sensor that is configured as a resolver in accordance with some example embodiments described herein.  FIG.  9    illustrates an example angle diagram based on example output signals from an example rotary position sensor that is configured as a resolver in accordance with some example embodiments described herein.  FIG.  10    illustrates an example error diagram based on example output signals from an example rotary position sensor that is configured as a resolver in accordance with some example embodiments described herein. 
     For example, the sine output and the cosine output shown in  FIG.  8    may be generated by sine coil elements and cosine coil elements, respectively. Based on the difference between the sine output and the cosine output, the rotary position of the shaft structure (for example, the rotational angle of the shaft structure) may be determined, as shown in  FIG.  9   . As shown in  FIG.  10   , the accuracy errors in relation to the rotary position of the shaft structure (for example, the rotational angle of the shaft structure) may also be determined based on the sine outputs and the cosine outputs. 
     As described above, there are many technical challenges and difficulties associated with resolvers, and example embodiments of the present disclosure overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. 
     For example, it can be difficult to wind on all the slots with manual or semi-auto methods in many resolvers. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, the primary coil elements and secondary coil elements are directly printed on the PCB assembly. 
     As another example, it can be difficult to terminate lead wire in many resolvers because of the high number of coils. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, lead wires (that connect the primary coil elements and secondary coil elements) are directly soldered to the PCB assembly. 
     As another example, it can be difficult to insert coils in many resolvers because of small slots in stator poles. It is a time consuming process and requires highly skilled people to complete the process. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, there is no stator core in the stator assembly. 
     As another example, many resolvers have a high manufacturing cost due to the material cost and process cost (for example, starting at approximately $30). In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, the manufacturing cost of the stator cost can be less than $25. 
     As another example, chances of damaging magnet wire is high in many resolvers because it has to pass from a small slot. In contrast, various embodiments of the present disclosure may overcome these technical challenges and difficulties. For example, in some embodiments, there is no magnet wire as the primary coil elements and secondary coil elements are directly printed on the PCB assembly. 
     As such, various embodiments of the present disclosure provide an example rotary position sensor that provides various technical benefits and advantages. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a single design/solution that can provide quadrature sinusoidal outputs as a resolver and/or quadrant linear outputs as a rotary variable differential transformer (RVDT) by changing for example, the rotor/stator assembly geometry, the placement and numbers of primary coil elements and secondary coil elements. In some embodiments, there are no laminations needed for the rotor assembly and the stator assembly (which have magnetic permeability), thereby reducing cost and providing simplicity. In some embodiments, there are no physical poles, which provides simplicity and avoids expensive manufacturing processes. In some embodiments, the primary coil elements and the secondary coil elements are printed on PCB assembly, while handling of coils in many RVDTs and VR resolvers required skilled labor and process cost. In some embodiments, there are not many coils and coil ends for soldering in examples of the present disclosure in comparison with many RVDTs and VR resolvers that require skilled labor and incur process cost to solder coils and coil ends. In some embodiments, the primary coil elements and the secondary coil elements are printed on PCB assembly with an automated process so as to reduce cost. As described above, soldering lead wire to coil and binding lead wires are tedious processes that require skilled labor and process cost; in contrast, examples of the present disclosure may solder lead wires directly to the PCB assembly pins to provide a low cost of manufacturing. 
     It is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, unless described otherwise.