Patent Publication Number: US-2022224106-A1

Title: Customizable overcurrent protection assistant

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates to a computing environment, and more particularly to a computer program, method, and system supporting tailoring overcurrent protections based on user requirements. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one embodiment of the invention, there is a method for assisting a user with configuring an integrated circuit with customizable overcurrent protection. A user interface (UI) is provided that allows a user to specify inputs to an apparatus. The apparatus supports connecting user customizable plug and play components to the integrated circuit. Responsive to the user utilizing the UI by specifying inputs, the UI identifies requirements for overcurrent protection elements in the apparatus. 
     According to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an information handling system including at least one processor executing instructions implementing steps of the method that assists the user with configuring an integrated circuit with customizable overcurrent protection. 
     According to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a computing program product executing instructions having the steps of the method that assists the user with configuring an integrated circuit with customizable overcurrent protection. 
     The foregoing is a summary and thus contains, by necessity, simplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail; consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent in the non-limiting detailed description set forth below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a modular wiring diagram of a modular overcurrent protection apparatus; 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic view of embodiment 1 of a modular overcurrent protection apparatus; 
         FIG. 3  shows a schematic view of embodiment 2 of a modular overcurrent protection apparatus; 
         FIG. 4  shows an interior view of the embodiment 2 of a modular overcurrent protection apparatus; 
         FIG. 5  shows a visual representation of example customizable components that may be applied to a modular overcurrent protection apparatus; 
         FIG. 6  shows a schematic view a user interface tailored to a modular overcurrent protection apparatus; and 
         FIG. 7  shows a schematic view of a computing system; 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Solar, wind, and other forms of renewable energy are becoming more popular worldwide as an alternative energy source for a number of reasons including lower cost for production, increasing pollution from fossil fuels, and lack of other viable energy resources. 
     Currently, a user may purchase a product tailored to meet specific requirements. The user may specify the specific parts and buy a module tailored for the specified purpose. For example, there are several solar energy systems that may be purchased, but they include non-customizable circuitry and/or components. 
     In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, a modular generic apparatus is disclosed herein that may be used to create a simple, safe, and user-friendly energy generation and storage system. The disclosed system supports receiving customizable power input and power output for energy generating systems and energy storage. Example embodiments may include essential elements of a customizable protective circuitry supporting modular integration of components in a “plug-and-play” fashion. By way of example, without any limitation implied, applications of the embodiments could include off-grid scenarios, on-grid scenarios, recreational vehicles, educational applications, and the like. 
     Embodiments of the apparatus may include a common modular circuit for integration of multiple components including (but not limited to) a direct current (DC) source (e.g. photovoltaic array) of varying voltage, a charge controller, a DC energy storage (e.g. battery bank), an alternating current (AC) inverter, a DC fuse block, a circuit disconnect, and a multimeter. The apparatus may also support user-friendly selection of components, assisted installation, and customization of circuitry, such as and fuses/breakers with varying amperage. 
     An overcurrent is a condition which exists in an electrical circuit when the normal load current is exceeded. The two basic forms of an overcurrent are overloads and short circuits. Fuses and circuits breakers primary role in a circuit is to protect personnel and equipment when dangerous overcurrent&#39;s do happen. A short-circuit is an overcurrent condition where an abnormal, low-resistance, circuit path is introduced into the circuit. This low-resistance path bypasses the normal load and can create extremely high currents (up to 1000× the normal current under some conditions). An overload is an overcurrent condition where the current exceeds the normal full load-capacity of the circuit but where no fault condition (short-circuit) is present. A momentary overload condition (also known as “in-rush” currents) may also occur when a circuit is first initialized due to capacitor charging and/or motor-startup. 
       FIG. 1  depicts an embodiment of a wiring diagram  100  of a customizable circuit. The apparatus includes an input  110  for DC current [for example, solar], thereafter current passes through an adaptable fuse/breaker  112  to a common DC output  114  and to a charge controller  116  of choice which may be defined by the user. The apparatus may also offer an input for DC current into the circuit from the charge controller  116  thereafter current flows through an adaptive fuse/breaker  118  onward to the main fuse/breaker  120  which is customizable based upon component amperage. In addition, the device may provide an output  122  for DC current storage and utilization (eg. battery bank) that is user defined based upon user selection and passes through a circuit disconnect  124 , thereafter current passes to the adaptive main fuse  120 . From the main fuse  120 , the DC current passes to an integrated DC fuse block  128  and also a DC output for attachment of an AC inverter  130  per the user preference. In addition, a multimeter (volt, amp, watt)  132  may be available. All the negative terminals may be attached to the negative busbar  126 . However, if the solar array DC output is already fused, then the corresponding segment may be bypassed. In addition, an embodiment of the device may incorporate electrical conduit allowing for varying amperage based upon user defined needs. In addition, the fuse/breaker components may be customizable in a “Plug and Play” fashion. 
       FIG. 2  depicts embodiment 1 of a customizable modular overcurrent protection apparatus  200 . The customizable overcurrent protection apparatus  200  includes various connection ports, such as, DC power (IN) − 217  operatively connected to charge controller (OUT) − 207 . DC power (IN) + 215  connected to fuse/breaker  210  connected to charge controller (OUT) + 205 . Charge controller (IN) + 225  connected to fuse/breaker  230  operatively coupled to DC fuse/block  250 , inverter DC out + 255 , fuse/breaker  290 , circuit disconnect  235 , and battery (IN) + 245  which is connected to volt/ohm/watt meter  240 . Charge controller (IN) − 227  connected to negative busbar  260  which is connected to battery (IN) − 247  and inverter DC out − 257 . 
       FIG. 3  depicts a schematic view of embodiment 2 of a customizable modular overcurrent protection apparatus  300 . The view depicts ports for the charge controller, solar array, battery bank, AC inverter and DC load. The numbered entries are documented in legend  310 , where 1 is 30A fuse/breaker variable, 2 is 50A fuse/breaker variable, 3 is 175 fuse/breaker (variable), 4 is DC fuse block, 5 is UI/multimeter, and 6 is main shutoff. 
     For example, if a user desires a 3600 Watt 12 Volt solar generation system, the user may be planning to use a 400 watt solar panel array, a 40A charge controller, a 3600 Watt battery bank and 1500 Watt AC inverter. Based upon these inputs by the user, the UI would calculate a 30A fuse for fuse point #1 to allow proper over current protection of the solar array (note, this fuse point is optional if the solar array uses a fused combiner box, or in-line fuse), a 50 Amp fuse for fuse point #2 of charge controller, and a 175 Amp fuse for main fuse (fuse point #3) connecting battery bank to AC inverter and DC load in order to provide adequate over current protection. Of note, the UI calculations can change based upon user input of desired components. In addition, the communication interface would potentially allow for Web-enabled monitoring and real time updates of system components and circuitry. The user would only need to plug the above components (solar array, charge controller, battery bank and inverter) into the standardized ports located on the apparatus. The calculated fuses/breakers would be added to the apparatus by plugging in to the appropriate standardized fuse holder/breaker locations on the apparatus. The apparatus may provide a main shutoff switch to disable the apparatus. 
       FIG. 4  depicts the interior  402  of schematic view  400  of the embodiment 2 of the customizable modular overcurrent protection apparatus  300 . The charge controller (IN)  405  has both positive and negative ports. The positive port of charge controller (IN)  405  is operatively connected to the main fuse breaker  410  which connected to the DC fuse block  425  and inverter DC out  430 . The negative port of the charge controller (IN)  405  is operably connected to the negative busbar  440 , battery (IN)  435 , photovoltaic (IN/OUT)  415 , and voltmeter  420 . 
       FIG. 5  depicts a visual representation of customizable components  500  that may be applied to the modular overcurrent protection apparatus. The customizable components  500  may include fuses/breakers  510 , charge controller  520 , DC components  530 , solar panel  540 , AC inverter  550 , battery bank  560 . Possible solar panel placements  570  are shown, for example, on roof tops. In an embodiment, components could be integrated with the apparatus in a “plug and play” fashion. 
       FIG. 6  depicts a client device  600  which run on an operating system of computing device  610 , modular overcurrent protection system  620  supports user interface  630  which receive user input  640  from user  660 , and responsive to receiving the user input  640 , generates outputs  650 . The questions may be tailored to the specific apparatus and user  645 . The answers tailored to specific apparatus are based on the apparatus, the user supplied answers to the questions, and the user  655 . The user interface  630  may be of any form. In an embodiment, the user interface may take a graphical form with menus allowing for selectable items. In a different embodiment, the user may enter values and support may be provided in a data base to look up items and offer characteristics that the user may select. The user interface  630  may also have crowd sourcing or artificial intelligence (Al) characteristics that allow for learning based on feedback from experts or multiple users. Support may include mining information about the user  645 . In an embodiment, the user accesses the user interface  630  via a smart phone and retrieves information from the smart phone. The information could include social media postings, calendar, location access, weather application, and the like to derive intended usage of the apparatus. The user interface  630  may then be able to confirm intended usage of the apparatus from the user  645 . The user interface  630  could be a simple command line interface using support like short message service (SMS) or even a voice response system. A user would be able to create a customized overcurrent protection generation and storage system which may be referenced herein as an apparatus. The apparatus may be an enclosure containing the required circuitry, the overcurrent protection, and a user interface to allow creation of a plug and play customizable energy generation and storage system. The integrated user interface would calculate appropriate overcurrent protection elements (or necessary solar components, in some embodiments) based upon user inputs. 
     For example, a user may desire a small 3600 Watt off-grid solar energy generation system based upon their anticipated load calculations. The apparatus may provide all required internal circuitry of varying current ratings in a printed circuit board (PCB) format along with over current protection elements to conjoin the solar components thus allowing for creation of the user defined system. In addition, the UI could be integrated into the apparatus (or external via software or application form) to be responsive to user input and suggest proper over current protection elements needed for desired system. 
     The over current protection elements would be readily available in the form of fuses or circuit breakers that attach to the apparatus in a plug and play fashion to defined location on the apparatus circuit board based upon UI recommended amperage ratings. The solar components would also attach to the apparatus at defined locations with plug and play compatibility. 
     The UI may suggest appropriate size components: solar panel, charge controller, battery bank, inverter, etc. The fuse/breakers would be adaptable and customizable based on the current load requirements as defined by the user. The apparatus may include a communication interface suitable for Web enabled monitoring, electronic notifications of system status, and/or remote control of system functions. 
     Determining appropriate overcurrent protection is a well-known engineering problem where Ohm&#39;s law applies. Ohm&#39;s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this relationship: I=V/R, where I is the current in units of amperes, V is the voltage measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms. 
     The UI determines answers to the common engineering questions. Many will be determined by the specific embodiment of the supplied apparatus and be identified by default values. Examples of common engineering questions that may be assisted by interactions with the user may include, but are not limited to many of the following: 
     1. What is the normal operating current of the circuit?
         a. In order to select the right amperage of the fuse, the full-load steady-state current of the circuit at an ambient temperature of 25° C. (68° F.) is typically used. Once the current value is determined, then a fuse rating should be selected as to be 135% of this value (taken to the next standard value).   b. For example, if the normal steady-state current is calculated to be 10 amps, then a 15A fuse rating should be selected [10 amps×135%=13.5 amps, the next larger standard size is 15A].   c. It is important to note that if the fuse is intended to be used in an environment with possibly very high or low ambient temperatures, then the nominal fuse current would need to be sized significantly higher or lower.       

     2. What is the operating voltage?
         a. The basic rule of thumb is that the voltage rating of the fuse must always be higher than the voltage rating of the circuit that it is protecting.   b. For example, if the circuit voltage is 24 volts, then the fuse voltage rating must be higher than 24 volts (yes . . . it can be 250 V, just so long as it&#39;s higher than the circuit voltage).       

     3. What is the operating ambient temperature?
         a. This may be determined by interactive questions to the user.   b. A rule of thumb is that for every 20° C. higher or lower in temperature, the fuse should be re-rated higher or lower 10-15%.       

     4. What is the available short-circuit current?
         a. This may be determined by interactive questions to the user.       

     5. What is the maximum allowable I 2 t?
         a. All overcurrent protective devices take a certain amount of “reaction time” when they open to clear a circuit fault. During the time it takes for the fuse to open, there is energy flowing through the fuse. That energy is measured in I 2 t. There two parts to the fuse&#39;s “reaction time”.
           i. The time it takes to melt the fuse element (also known as the melting time, T m ).   ii. The time it takes to quench the electrical arc (also known as the arcing time, T a ). The total time open the fault is known as the total clearing time. T c +T m +T a      
               

     Many other common engineering questions may be determined by the apparatus being offered. For example, the apparatus may be a DC circuit and may be designed to handle one or more of the following rush currents, short-circuit protection, over-load protection with known physical size limitations. 
     The following are options regarding the mounting of the fuse in the circuit: 
     1. Fuse Clips—Fuse clips are relatively inexpensive and allow for field replaceability. Fuse clips are typically mounted on a PCB so any attempt at replacing the fuse will require opening of the piece of equipment by the user  655 . Additionally, removing a fuse from a PCB without disconnecting the power source could lead to an electrical shock when touching the fuse. Fuse clips are available for all “tube” fuses as well as micro fuses. Typically, fuse clips are limited to 15A of normal current. Fuse clips are generally not listed or recognized by any safety agencies. 
     2. Panel Mounted Fuse holders—Panel mounted fuse holders allow for easy access for the user  655  to replace the fuse in the field. The panel mount fuse holder is shock-safe meaning that the fuse is removed safely when the cap of the fuse holder is removed preventing the possibility of electrical shocks. Fuse holders are typically tested and approved by safety agencies such as UL and CSA. Fuse holders are typically available up to 30A. 
     3. Fuse Blocks—Fuse blocks are like fuse clips however they do not need to be mounted on the PCB. Fuses mounted in fuse blocks are typically only accessible by opening the piece of equipment which could lead to electrical shocks if the equipment is not disconnected from the power source. Fuse blocks are one of the few methods to mount fuses of large amperage. 
     4. Inline Fuse Holders—Inline fuse holders are typically used as a part of a wire harness assembly or where no surface is available to secure another type of fuse mount. Inline fuse holders are generally available up to 100A in lower voltage applications and up to 30A in higher voltage applications. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a schematic of a processing system  700  is shown wherein the methods of this invention may be implemented. The processing system  700  is only one example of a suitable system and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the invention described herein. Regardless, the system  700  can implement and/or performing any of the functionality set forth herein. In the system  700  there is a computer system  712 , which is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the computer system  712  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, handheld or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. 
     The computer system  712  may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on that perform tasks or implement abstract data types. The computer system  712  may be practiced in distributed cloud computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , the computer system  712  in the system environment  700  is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the computer system  712  may include, but are not limited to, a set of one or more processors or processing units  716 , a system memory  728 , and a bus  718  that couples various system components including the system memory  728  to the processor  716 . 
     The bus  718  represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, the Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, the Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and the Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus. 
     The computer system  712  typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by the computer system  712 , and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. 
     The system memory  728  can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM)  730  and/or a cache memory  732 . The computer system  712  may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, a storage system  734  can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to the bus  718  by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, the system memory  728  may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules  742  that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention. 
     A program/utility  740 , having the set (at least one) of program modules  742 , may be stored in the system memory  728  by way of example, and not limitation, as well as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating systems may have one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, and may include an implementation of a networking environment. The program modules  742  generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein. 
     The computer system  712  may also communicate with a set of one or more external devices  714  such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display  724 , a tablet, a digital pen, etc. wherein these one or more devices enable a user to interact with the computer system  712 ; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable the computer system  712  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output (I/O) interfaces  722 . These include wireless devices and other devices that may be connected to the computer system  712 , such as, a USB port, which may be used by a tablet device (not shown). Still yet, the computer system  712  can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via a network adapter  720 . As depicted, a network adapter  720  communicates with the other components of the computer system  712  via the bus  718 . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with the computer system  712 . Examples include, but are not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc. 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     While particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention and its broader aspects. Therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is solely defined by the appended claims. It will be understood by those with skill in the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim element is intended, such intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such limitation is present. For non-limiting example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim elements. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim element by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim element to inventions containing only one such element, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an”; the same holds true for the use in the claims of definite articles.