Patent Publication Number: US-2022217597-A1

Title: Conditional handovers and measurement reports

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The technology relates to wireless communications, and particularly to radio architecture and operation for reporting measurements in a radio access network. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A radio access network typically resides between wireless devices, such as user equipment (UEs), mobile phones, mobile stations, or any other device having wireless termination, and a core network. Example of radio access network types includes the GRAN, GSM radio access network; the GERAN, which includes EDGE packet radio services; UTRAN, the UMTS radio access network; E-UTRAN, which includes LongTerm Evolution; and g-UTRAN, the New Radio (NR). 
     A radio access network may comprise one or more access nodes, such as base station nodes, which facilitate wireless communication or otherwise provides an interface between a wireless terminal and a telecommunications system. A non-limiting example of a base station can include, depending on radio access technology type, a Node B (“NB”), an enhanced Node B (“eNB”), a home eNB (“HeNB”), a gNB (for a New Radio [“NR”] technology system), or some other similar terminology. 
     The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (“3GPP”) is a group that, e.g., develops collaboration agreements such as 3GPP standards that aim to define globally applicable technical specifications and technical reports for wireless communication systems. Various 3GPP documents may describe certain aspects of radio access networks. Overall architecture for a fifth generation system, e.g., the 5G System, also called “NR” or “New Radio”, as well as “NG” or “Next Generation”, is shown in  FIG. 1 , and is also described in 3GPP TS 38.300. The 5G NR network is comprised of NG RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) and 5GC (5G Core Network). As shown, NGRAN is comprised of gNBs (e.g., 5G Base stations) and ng-eNBs (i.e. LTE base stations). An Xn interface exists between gNB-gNB, between (gNB)-(ng-eNB) and between (ng-eNB)-(ng-eNB). The Xn is the network interface between NG-RAN nodes. Xn-U stands for Xn User Plane interface and Xn-C stands for Xn Control Plane interface. An NG interface exists between 5GC and the base stations (i.e. gNB &amp; ng-eNB). A gNB node provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and is connected via the NG interface to the 5GC. The 5G NR (New Radio) gNB is connected to AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) and UPF (User Plane Function) in 5GC (5G Core Network). 
     In typical cellular mobile communication systems, handover (HO) procedures are adopted to manage the mobility of a wireless terminal (e.g. User Equipment, UE). In general, there are two types of handovers: (1) make after break and (2) make before break. In make after break HO, a connection between a wireless terminal and a current (source) base station is temporarily disconnected before establishing a new connection between the wireless terminal and a target base station. In contrast, in make before break HO the new connection is prepared before breaking the connection with the current base station. 
     3GPP has completed the basic feature for new radio (NR) systems in Release 15 specification. 3GPP Release 15 describes only basic handover, i.e., make after break. The basic make after break handover described in 3GPP Release 15 is mainly based on LTE handover mechanism in which the network controls UE mobility based on UE measurement reporting. In the basic make after break handover described in 3GPP Release 15, similar to LTE, a source gNB triggers handover by sending a HO request to target gNB. After receiving an acknowledgement, ACK, from the target gNB, the source gNB initiates handover by sending a HO command to the UE, the HO command including the target cell configuration. The UE then performs an initial access to the target cell in order to establish a connection with the with target cell. 
     In 3GPP Release 16, standardization of several HO improvements is ongoing. Conditional handover (CHO) is one of such 3GPP Release 16 improvement aimed for increasing reliability and robustness of handovers. In CHO, the gNB of the source cell provides CHO configuration parameters including candidate target cells and triggering conditions to the UE in RRC_CONNECTED state. After receipt of the CHO configuration parameters, the UE may perform measurements of radio signals from the source cell as well as the candidate target cells, and may autonomously initiate a handover to one of the candidate cells whose triggering conditions are met. 
     What is needed, therefore, are apparatus, methods, and procedures to efficiently and effectively implement conditional handover and related measurement report procedures. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     In one example, a wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), the wireless terminal comprising: receiver circuitry configured to receive from the wireless access node at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell; processor circuitry configured to: perform a measurement based on the measurement object, and; decide, based on the measurement and the trigger configuration, whether or not to execute the conditional handover to the candidate target cell; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     In one example, a method for a wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: receiving from the wireless access node at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell; performing a measurement based on the measurement object, and; deciding, based on the measurement and the trigger configuration, whether or not to execute the conditional handover to the candidate target cell; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     In one example, an access node of a radio access network (RAN), the access node comprising: processor circuitry configured to generate at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell; transmitter circuitry configured to transmit the at least one reconfiguration message; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     In one example, a method for an access node of a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: generating at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell, and; transmitting the at least one reconfiguration message; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the technology disclosed herein will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the various views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the technology disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view of overall architecture for a 5G New Radio system. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic view showing transition states of a Radio Resource Control RRC state machine. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic view of showing signaling and messages of a procedure/scenario of a basic handover in an example cellular communications system. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic view showing example parameters of a measurement configuration which may be provided by a source node of a radio access network. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic view showing example information elements of an example MeasurementReport message. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view of an example communications system comprising a source gNodeB which provides a wireless terminal with conditional handover configuration information which the wireless terminal may use for controlling generation and/or content of measurement reports. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic view showing signaling and messages involved in measurement report in a conditional handover situation for the example cellular communications system of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic view showing example generic contents of an example conditional handover configuration message for the example embodiment of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart showing example, basic, representative steps or acts performed by a source node of the system of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart showing example, basic, representative steps or acts performed by a wireless terminal of the system of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic view of an example communications system comprising a source gNodeB which provides a wireless terminal with conditional handover configuration information which permits the wireless terminal to periodically report measurement results for a candidate target gNodeB(s). 
         FIG. 12  is a diagrammatic view showing signaling and messages involved in measurement report in a conditional handover situation for the example cellular communications system of  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart showing example, basic, representative steps or acts performed by a source node of the system of  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 14  is a flowchart showing example, basic, representative steps or acts performed by a wireless terminal of the system of  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic view of an example communications system comprising a source gNodeB which provides a wireless terminal with conditional handover configuration information which notifies the wireless terminal of conditions for leaving the conditional handover. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagrammatic view showing signaling and messages involved in measurement report in a conditional handover situation for the example cellular communications system of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  is a flowchart showing example, basic, representative steps or acts performed by a source node of the system of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 18  is a flowchart showing example, basic, representative steps or acts performed by a wireless terminal of the system of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 19  is a diagrammatic view showing example elements comprising electronic machinery which may comprise a wireless terminal, a radio access node, and a core network node according to an example embodiment and mode. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     In one of its example aspects the technology disclosed herein concerns a wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), and method of operating same. The wireless terminal comprises receiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and transmitter circuitry. The receiver circuitry is configured to receive from the wireless access node a configuration message to configure a conditional handover. The processor circuitry is configured to perform a measurement, to generate a measurement result, and to make a decision to send a measurement report including the measurement result. The transmitter circuitry is configured to transmit the measurement report. The configuration message comprises one or more identities of candidate target cell(s) and one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously. The processor circuitry makes the decision to send the measurement report is based on the configuration message. 
     In another of its example aspects the technology disclosed herein concerns an access node of a radio access network (RAN). The access node comprises transmitter circuitry, receiver circuitry, and processor circuitry. The transmitter circuitry is configured to transmit to a wireless terminal a configuration message to configure a conditional handover. The receiver circuitry is configured to make a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report. The processor circuitry is configured to make a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report. The configuration message comprises one or more identities of candidate target cell(s) and one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously. The decision for the wireless terminal to send the measurement report is based on the configuration message. 
     In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the technology disclosed herein. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technology disclosed herein may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. That is, those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the technology disclosed herein and are included within its spirit and scope. In some instances, detailed descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the technology disclosed herein with unnecessary detail. All statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the technology disclosed herein, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure. 
     Thus, for example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that block diagrams herein can represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry or other functional units embodying the principles of the technology. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown. 
     As used herein, the term “core network” can refer to a device, group of devices, or sub-system in a telecommunication network that provides services to users of the telecommunications network. Examples of services provided by a core network include aggregation, authentication, call switching, service invocation, gateways to other networks, etc. 
     As used herein, the term “wireless terminal” can refer to any electronic device used to communicate voice and/or data via a telecommunications system, such as (but not limited to) a cellular network. Other terminology used to refer to wireless terminals and non-limiting examples of such devices can include user equipment terminal, UE, mobile station, mobile device, access terminal, subscriber station, mobile terminal, remote station, user terminal, terminal, subscriber unit, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (“PDAs”), laptop computers, tablets, netbooks, e-readers, wireless modems, etc. 
     As used herein, the term “access node”, “node”, or “base station” can refer to any device or group of devices that facilitates wireless communication or otherwise provides an interface between a wireless terminal and a telecommunications system. A non-limiting example of a base station can include, in the 3GPP specification, a Node B (“NB”), an enhanced Node B (“eNB”), a home eNB (“HeNB”), a gNB (for a New Radio [“NR”] technology system), or some other similar terminology. 
     As used herein, the term “telecommunication system” or “communications system” can refer to any network of devices used to transmit information. A non-limiting example of a telecommunication system is a cellular network or other wireless communication system. 
     As used herein, the term “cellular network” or “cellular radio access network” can refer to a network distributed over cells, each cell served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, such as a base station. A “cell” may be any communication channel that is specified by standardization or regulatory bodies to be used for International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (“IMTAdvanced”). All or a subset of the cell may be adopted by 3GPP as licensed bands (e.g., frequency band) to be used for communication between a base station, such as a Node B, and a UE terminal. A cellular network using licensed frequency bands can include configured cells. Configured cells can include cells of which a UE terminal is aware and in which it is allowed by a base station to transmit or receive information. Examples of cellular radio access networks include E-UTRAN, and any successors thereof (e.g., NUTRAN). 
     Any reference to a “resource” herein means “radio resource” unless otherwise clear from the context that another meaning is intended. In general, as used herein a radio resource (“resource”) is a time-frequency unit that can carry information across a radio interface, e.g., either signal information or data information. An example of a radio resource occurs in the context of a “frame” of information that is typically formatted and prepared, e.g., by a node. A frame, which may have both downlink portion(s) and uplink portion(s), is communicated between the base station and the wireless terminal. Each frame may comprise plural subframes, and a subframe may be divided into slots. The transmitted signal in each slot is described by a resource grid comprised of resource elements (RE). Each column of the two dimensional grid represents a symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol on downlink (DL) from node to wireless terminal; an SC-FDMA symbol in an uplink (UL) frame from wireless terminal to node). Each row of the grid represents a subcarrier. A resource element (RE) is the smallest time-frequency unit for downlink transmission in the subframe. That is, one symbol on one sub-carrier in the sub-frame comprises a resource element (RE) which is uniquely defined by an index pair (k,l) in a slot (where k and  1  are the indices in the frequency and time domain, respectively). In other words, one symbol on one sub-carrier is a resource element (RE). Each symbol comprises a number of sub-carriers in the frequency domain, depending on the channel bandwidth and configuration. The smallest time-frequency resource supported by the standard today is a set of plural subcarriers and plural symbols (e.g., plural resource elements (RE)) and is called a resource block (RB). A resource block may comprise, for example, 84 resource elements, i.e., 12 subcarriers and 7 symbols, in case of normal cyclic prefix. 
     As described herein, both an access node and a wireless terminal may manage respective Radio Resource Control (RRC) state machines. The RRC state machines transition between several RRC states including RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE and RRC_CONNECTED.  FIG. 2  depicts the state transition diagram of the RRC states. From the vantage point of a wireless terminal e.g., user equipment (UE), the RRC states may be briefly characterized as follows: 
     RRC_IDLE:
         A UE specific DRX (discontinuous reception) may be configured by upper layers;   UE controlled mobility based on network configuration;   The UE:
           Monitors a Paging channel;   Performs neighboring cell measurements and cell (re-)selection;   Acquires system information.   
               

     RRC_INACTIVE:
         A UE specific DRX may be configured by upper layers or by RRC layer;   UE controlled mobility based on network configuration;   The UE stores the Access Stratum (AS) context;   The UE:
           Monitors a Paging channel;   Performs neighboring cell measurements and cell (re-)selection;   Performs RAN-based notification area updates when moving outside the RAN-based notification area;   Acquires system information.   
               

     RRC_CONNECTED:
         The UE stores the AS context.   Transfer of unicast data to/from UE.   At lower layers, the UE may be configured with a UE specific DRX;   Network controlled mobility, i.e. handover within NR and to/from E-UTRAN.;   The UE:
           Monitors a Paging channel;   Monitors control channels associated with the shared data channel to determine if data is scheduled for it;   Provides channel quality and feedback information;   Performs neighboring cell measurements and measurement reporting;   Acquires system information.   
               

       FIG. 3  shows a procedure/scenario of a basic handover in a cellular communication system. During RRC_CONNECTED state, depicted by act  3 - 0 , as act  3 - 1  the wireless terminal, e.g., UE, may receive RRCReconfiguration message from the gNB of the current serving cell (source cell). The RRCReconfiguration message of act  3 - 1  may comprise configuration parameters (a) for radio signal measurements and (b) reporting of measurement results (measurement configuration). The RRCReconfiguration message of act  3 - 1  may be acknowledged with an RRCReconfigurationComplete message, as shown by act  3 - 2 . Thereafter, the UE may start measurements and, as shown by act  3 - 3   a , act  3 - 3   b , and act  3 - 3   i , may transmit the results of the measurements to the gNB of the source cell based on the configuration parameters which were received in the RRCReconfiguration message of act  3 - 1 . The configuration parameters may include radio resources (frequencies, sub-carrier spacing, etc.) for measurements and conditions to trigger reporting. Upon receiving one of the measurement reports of acts  3 - 3   x , as act  3 - 4  the gNB of the source cell may determine whether or not to handover the UE to another cell. For example, when the measurement report indicates that signal quality from a neighbor cell (Target cell in  FIG. 3 ) is better than the one from the source cell, the gNB of the source cell may initiate a handover to the target cell. As shown by act  3 - 5 , the gNB may then conduct a coordination procedure to the gNB of the target cell. After the coordination depicted by act  3 - 5  is completed, as shown by act  3 - 6  the gNB of the target cell may send to the UE a RRCReconfiguration message. The RRCReconfiguration message of act  3 - 6  may include a command to handover to the target cell. Upon receiving RRCReconfiguration message of act  3 - 6  with the handover command, the UE may start an initial access to the target cell by sending Random Access Preamble as shown by act  3 - 7 . In response to it sending of the Random Access Preamble as shown by act  3 - 7 , the UE should receive a Random Access Response message as shown by act  3 - 8 . The handover procedure is then completed by the UE sending a RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB of the target cell, as shown by act  3 - 9 . 
     In one configuration, the measurement configuration, which may be realized by the parameters of the RRCReconfiguration message of act  3 - 1 , may comprise the parameters which are illustrated in  FIG. 4  as “measurement objects”, “reporting configurations”, “measurement identities”, “quantity configurations”, and “measurement gaps’, each of which are described below. 
     1. Measurement objects: A list of objects on which the UE shall perform the measurements.
         For intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurements a measurement object (MO) indicates the frequency/time location and subcarrier spacing of reference signals to be measured. Associated with this measurement object, the network may configure a list of cell specific offsets, a list of ‘blacklisted’ cells and a list of ‘whitelisted’ cells. Blacklisted cells are not applicable in event evaluation or measurement reporting. Whitelisted cells are the only ones applicable in event evaluation or measurement reporting.   The measObjectId of the MO which corresponds to each serving cell is indicated by servingCellMO within the serving cell configuration.   For inter-RAT E-UTRA measurements a measurement object is a single E-UTRA carrier frequency. Associated with this E-UTRA carrier frequency, the network can configure a list of cell specific offsets, a list of ‘blacklisted’ cells and a list of ‘whitelisted’ cells. Blacklisted cells are not applicable in event evaluation or measurement reporting. Whitelisted cells are the only ones applicable in event evaluation or measurement reporting.       

     2. Reporting configurations: A list of reporting configurations where there can be one or multiple reporting configurations per measurement object. Each reporting configuration may comprise the following:
         Reporting criterion: The criterion that triggers the UE to send a measurement report. This can either be periodical or a single event description.   Reference Signal (RS) type: The RS that the UE uses for beam and cell measurement results (synchronization signal SS/Physical Broadcast Channel PBCH block or Channel State Information-Reference Signal CSI-RS).   Reporting format: The quantities per cell and per beam that the UE includes in the measurement report, e.g. received signal received power, RSRP and other associated information such as the maximum number of cells and the maximum number beams per cell to report.       

     3. Measurement identities: A list of measurement identities where each measurement identity links one measurement object with one reporting configuration. By configuring multiple measurement identities, it is possible to link more than one measurement object to the same reporting configuration, as well as to link more than one reporting configuration to the same measurement object. The measurement identity is also included in the measurement report that triggered the reporting, serving as a reference to the network. 
     4. Quantity configurations: The quantity configuration defines the measurement filtering configuration used for all event evaluation and related reporting, and for periodical reporting of that measurement. For NR measurements, the network may configure up to 2 quantity configurations with a reference in the NR measurement object to the configuration that is to be used. In each configuration, different filter coefficients can be configured for different measurement quantities, for different RS types, and for measurements per cell and per beam. 
     5. Measurement gaps: Periods that the UE may use to perform measurements. 
     A UE in RRC_CONNECTED state may maintain a measurement object list, a reporting configuration list, and a measurement identities list. The measurement object list may possibly include NR measurement object(s) and inter-RAT objects. Similarly, the reporting configuration list may include NR and inter-RAT reporting configurations. Any measurement object can be linked to any reporting configuration of the same RAT type. Some reporting configurations may not be linked to a measurement object. Likewise, some measurement objects may not be linked to a reporting configuration. 
     The measurement procedures may distinguish the three types of cells: the serving cell(s), the listed cell(s), and the detected cell(s). The listed cells are cells listed within the measurement object(s). The detected cells are cells that are not listed within the measurement object(s) but are detected by the UE on the synchronization signal block, SSB, frequency(ies) and subcarrier spacing(s) indicated by the measurement object(s). 
     For measurement object(s), the UE measures and reports on the serving cell(s), listed cells and/or detected cells. For inter-RAT measurements object(s) of E-UTRA, the UE measures and reports on listed cells and detected cells. 
     Listing 1 shows an example implementation of the measurement configuration, per 3GPP TS 38.331 v15.5.1. 
     Listing 2 shows an example procedure of measurement report triggering. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Event A1: Serving becomes better than absolute threshold; 
               
               
                   
                 Event A2: Serving becomes worse than absolute threshold; 
               
               
                   
                 Event A3: Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than 
               
               
                   
                  PCell/PSCell; 
               
               
                   
                 Event A4: Neighbour becomes better than absolute 
               
               
                   
                  threshold; 
               
               
                   
                 Event A5: PCell/PSCell becomes worse than absolute 
               
               
                   
                  threshold1 AND Neighbour/SCell becomes better than another 
               
               
                   
                  absolute threshold2; 
               
               
                   
                 Event A6: Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than 
               
               
                   
                  SCell. 
               
               
                   
                 1&gt; for each measId included in the measIdList within 
               
               
                   
                  VarMeasConfig: 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   if the corresponding reportConfig includes a 
               
               
                   
                   reportType set to eventTriggered or periodical: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the corresponding measObject concerns NR: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; if the eventA1 or eventA2 is configured in the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reportConfig: 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   consider only the serving cell to be applicable; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; if the eventA3 or eventA5 is configured in the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reportConfig: 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   if a serving cell is associated with a 
               
               
                   
                      measObjectNR and neighbours are associated with 
               
               
                   
                      another measObjectNR, consider any serving cell 
               
               
                   
                      associated with the other measObjectNR to be a 
               
               
                   
                      neighbouring cell as well; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; for measurement events other than eventA1 or eventA2: 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   if useWhiteCellList is set to true: 
               
               
                   
                      6&gt;  consider any neighbouring cell detected based 
               
               
                   
                       on parameters in the associated measObjectNR to be 
               
               
                   
                       applicable when the concerned cell is included in 
               
               
                   
                       the whiteCellsToAddModList defined within the 
               
               
                   
                       VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   else: 
               
               
                   
                      6&gt;  consider any neighbouring cell detected based 
               
               
                   
                       on parameters in the associated measObjectNR to be 
               
               
                   
                       applicable when the concerned cell is not included 
               
               
                   
                       in the blackCellsToAddModList defined within the 
               
               
                   
                       VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  else if the corresponding measObject concerns E-UTRA: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; consider any neighbouring cell detected on the 
               
               
                   
                     associated frequency to be applicable when the 
               
               
                   
                     concerned cell is not included in the 
               
               
                   
                     blackCellsToAddModListEUTRAN defined within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   else if the corresponding reportConfig includes a 
               
               
                   
                   reportType set to reportCGI: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  consider the cell detected on the associated 
               
               
                   
                    measObject which has a physical cell identity matching 
               
               
                   
                    the value of the cellForWhichToReportCGI included in 
               
               
                   
                    the corresponding reportConfig within the VarMeasConfig 
               
               
                   
                    to be applicable; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and if the 
               
               
                   
                   entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. the event 
               
               
                   
                   corresponding with the eventId of the corresponding 
               
               
                   
                   reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, is fulfilled for one 
               
               
                   
                   or more applicable cells for all measurements after layer 
               
               
                   
                   3 filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined for this 
               
               
                   
                   event within the VarMeasConfig, while the 
               
               
                   
                   VarMeasReportList does not include a measurement 
               
               
                   
                   reporting entry for this measId (a first cell triggers 
               
               
                   
                   the event): 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                   
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                   
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and 
               
               
                   
                   if the entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. 
               
               
                   
                   the event corresponding with the eventId of the 
               
               
                   
                   corresponding reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, is 
               
               
                   
                   fulfilled for one or more applicable cells not included 
               
               
                   
                   in the cellsTriggeredList for all measurements after 
               
               
                   
                   layer 3 filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined for 
               
               
                   
                   this event within the VarMeasConfig (a subsequent cell 
               
               
                   
                   triggers the event): 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                   
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                   
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and 
               
               
                   
                   if the leaving condition applicable for this event is 
               
               
                   
                   fulfilled for one or more of the cells included in the 
               
               
                   
                   cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                   
                   for this measId for all measurements after layer 3 
               
               
                   
                   filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined within the 
               
               
                   
                   VarMeasConfig for this event: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  remove the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                   
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                   
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if reportOnLeave is set to true for the corresponding 
               
               
                   
                    reporting configuration: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the cellsTriggeredList defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId is empty: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; remove the measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; stop the periodical reporting timer for this measId, 
               
               
                   
                     if running; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   if reportType is set to periodical and if a (first) 
               
               
                   
                   measurement result is available: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the reportAmount exceeds 1: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure, as 
               
               
                   
                     specified in 5.5.5, immediately after the quantity to 
               
               
                   
                     be reported becomes available for the NR SpCell; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  else (i.e. the reportAmount is equal to 1): 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure, 
               
               
                   
                     immediately after the quantity to be reported becomes 
               
               
                   
                     available for the NR SpCell and for the strongest 
               
               
                   
                      cell among the applicable cells; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   upon expiry of the periodical reporting timer for 
               
               
                   
                    this measId: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure. 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   if reportType is set to reportCGI: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the UE acquired the SIB1 or 
               
               
                   
                    SystemInformationBlockType1 for the requested cell; or 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the UE detects that the requested NR cell is not 
               
               
                   
                    transmitting SIB1 (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 13): 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; stop timer T321; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                  2&gt;   upon the expiry of T321 for this measId: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the measurement reporting procedure described above, the UE may transmit the MeasurementReport message to the gNB of the serving cell (source cell). The MeasurementReport message may comprise measId that triggered the measurement reporting, measurement result(s) of serving cell(s), best neighboring cells, and/or cells that triggered reporting event(s), as illustrated by way of example in  FIG. 5 . It should be noted that for event-driven (eventTriggered) reporting, there are two conditions: entry condition and leaving condition. The entry condition is met when a specific event occurs, whereas the leaving condition is met when the condition of the specific event no longer exists. In addition, a parameter for hysteresis may be involved in determining the entry/leaving conditions to avoid ping-pong effects. For example, for Event A1, the entry condition is met when the signal strength of the serving cell is better than a1-threshold+hysteresis, whereas the leaving condition is met when the signal strength is lower than a1-threshod−hysteresis. When the entry condition is met, the UE may generate and send MeasurementReport. On the other hand, when the leaving condition is met, whether or not to send MeasurementReport may depend on the parameter reportOnLeave associated with a concerned event. 
     Listing 3 shows an example implementation of a MeasurementReport. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 MeasurementReport ::= 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  criticalExtensions 
                  CHOICE { 
               
               
                   measurementReport 
                   MeasurementReport-IEs, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   criticalExtensionsFuture SEQUENCE { } 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 } 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 MeasurementReport-IEs ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  measResults 
                 MeasResults, 
               
               
                  lateNonCriticalExtension 
                  OCTET STRING 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  nonCriticalExtension 
                  SEQUENCE{ } 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL 
               
               
                 } 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 MeasResults ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  measId 
                 MeasId, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                  measResultServingMOList MeasResultServMOList, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  measResultNeighCells 
                  CHOICE { 
               
               
                   measResultListNR 
                   MeasResultListNR, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   ..., 
               
               
                   measResultListEUTRA  MeasResultListEUTRA 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                  ... 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 MeasResultServMOList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxNrofServingCells)) OF MeasResultServMO 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 MeasResultServMO ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  servCellId 
                  ServCellIndex, 
               
               
                  measResultServingCell 
                  MeasResultNR, 
               
               
                  measResultBestNeighCell 
                  MeasResultNR 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                  ... 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 MeasResultListNR ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxCellReport)) OF 
               
               
                 MeasResultNR 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 MeasResultNR ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  physCellId 
                  PhysCellId 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  measResult 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                   cellResults 
                  SEQUENCE{ 
               
               
                    resultsSSB-Cell 
                 MeasQuantityResults 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                    resultsCSI-RS-Cell 
                 MeasQuantityResults 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL 
               
               
                   }, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   rsIndexResults 
                 SEQUENCE{ 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                    resultsSSB-Indexes ResultsPerSSB-IndexList 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                    resultsCSI-RS-Indexes ResultsPerCSI-RS-IndexList 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL 
               
               
                   } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL 
               
               
                  }, 
               
               
                  ..., 
               
               
                  [[ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  cgi-Info 
                 CGI-Info 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL 
               
               
                  ]] 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 ... 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Three example embodiments and modes of conditional handover configurations and measurement reporting systems and techniques according to the technology disclosed herein. 
     1: Conditional Handover Configurations and Reporting 
       FIG. 6  shows an example communications system  20  wherein a source radio access node  22  communicates over air or radio interface  24  (e.g., Uu interface) with wireless terminal  26 . The source radio access node may also communication with a target radio access node  28  over an appropriate interface, such as either the radio interface  24  in the case of a backhaul configuration or X n  interface in the manner shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     As mentioned above, the radio access node  22  may be any suitable node for communicating with the wireless terminal  26 , such as a base station node, gNodeB (“gNB”) or eNodeB (“eNB”), for example. For sake of simplicity, the source radio access node  22  may herein briefly be referred to as the source node  22 , or source gNodeB  22 , or source gNB  22 . Similarly, the target radio access node  28  may herein briefly be referred to as the target node  28 , or target gNodeB  28 , or target gNB  28 . 
     The source gNodeB  22  comprises node processor circuitry (“node processor  30 ”) and node transceiver circuitry  32 . The node transceiver circuitry  32  typically comprises node transmitter circuitry  34  and node receiver circuitry  36 , which are also called node transmitter and node receiver, respectively. In addition, source gNodeB  22  may comprise inter-node interface circuitry  38  for communicating with target gNodeB  28 . Although not shown as such, it should be understood that he target gNodeB  28  may similarly have its own node processor  30 , node transceiver circuitry  32 , and inter-node interface circuitry  38 . 
     The wireless terminal  26  comprises terminal processor  40  and terminal transceiver circuitry  42 . The terminal transceiver circuitry  42  typically comprises terminal transmitter circuitry  44  and terminal receiver circuitry  46 , which are also called terminal transmitter  44  and terminal receiver  46 , respectively. The wireless terminal  26  also typically comprises user interface  48 . The terminal user interface  48  may serve for both user input and output operations, and may comprise (for example) a screen such as a touch screen that can both display information to the user and receive information entered by the user. The user interface  48  may also include other types of devices, such as a speaker, a microphone, or a haptic feedback device, for example. 
     For both the radio access node  22  and radio interface  24 , the respective transceiver circuitries  22  include antenna(s). The respective transmitter circuits  36  and  46  may comprise, e.g., amplifier(s), modulation circuitry and other conventional transmission equipment. The respective receiver circuits  34  and  44  may comprise, e.g., amplifiers, demodulation circuitry, and other conventional receiver equipment. 
     In general operation, source gNodeB  22  and wireless terminal  26  communicate with each other across radio interface  24  using predefined configurations of information. By way of non-limiting example, the source gNodeB  22  and wireless terminal  26  may communicate over radio interface  24  using “frames” of information that may be configured to include various channels. In Long Term Evolution (LTE), for example, a frame, which may have both downlink portion(s) and uplink portion(s), may comprise plural subframes, with each LTE subframe in turn being divided into slots. The frame may be conceptualized as a resource grid (a two dimensional grid) comprised of resource elements (RE). Each column of the two dimensional grid represents a symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol on downlink (DL) from node to wireless terminal; an SC-FDMA symbol in an uplink (UL) frame from wireless terminal to node). Each row of the grid represents a subcarrier. The frame and subframe structure serves only as an example of a technique of formatting of information that is to be transmitted over a radio or air interface. It should be understood that “frame” and “subframe” may be utilized interchangeably or may include or be realized by other units of information formatting, and as such may bear other terminology (such as blocks, for example). 
     To cater to the transmission of information between source gNodeB  22  and wireless terminal  26  over radio interface  24 , the node processor  30  and terminal processor  40  of  FIG. 6  are shown as comprising respective information handlers. For an example implementation in which the information is communicated via frames, the information handler for source gNodeB  22  is shown as node frame/signal scheduler/handler  50 , while the information handler for wireless terminal  26  is shown as terminal frame/signal handler  52 . 
     The node processor  30  of source gNodeB  22  also includes message generator  54 , RRC state machine  56 , and handover controller  60 . The RRC state machine  56  may operate in a manner understood from  FIG. 2 , and may interact with message generator  54  for the generation of RRC messages such as RRCReconfiguration messages, for example. The handover controller  60  may comprise measurement analyzer  62 , conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64 , and conditional handover configuration information generator  66 . 
     The terminal processor  40  of node processor  30  also includes message processor  70 , handover unit  72 , and measurement controller  80 . The measurement controller  80  in turn further comprises measurement initiation unit  82 ; measurement results unit  84 ; and measurement report control unit  86 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an example scenario in which the communications system of  FIG. 6  may execute a conditional handover. Some acts of  FIG. 7  are similar to those of  FIG. 3  have similar suffixed act numbers, for example, act  7 - 0 , like act  2 - 0  shows that the UE is in RRC_CONNECTED state. Similarly, act  7 - 1 , like act  3 - 1 , shows that the wireless terminal  26  may be configured by the gNB  22  of the serving cell (source cell) with the measurement configuration. The measurement configuration of act  7 - 1  may be similar to the measurement configuration of Listing 1. Based on the measurement configuration received in act  7 - 1 , the wireless terminal  26  may send measurement reports  7 - 3 . The timing of the measurements made by wireless terminal  26  may be governed by  82 , the measurement results analysed by measurement results unit  84 , and the measurement reports may be generated by  86 . The measurement reports may be similar to the example implementation shown in Listing 3. Example logic for triggering the decision of act  7 - 4 , e.g., a procedure for measurement report triggering, may be understood with reference to Listing 1. 
       FIG. 7  further shows that, in this particular scenario, as act  7 - 4  the gNB  22  makes a decision to send the conditional handover (CHO) configuration to the wireless terminal  26 . The decision of act  7 - 4 , which may be made by conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64 , is triggered by the measurement result(s) of the target cell, i.e., a measurement report  7 - 3 , as assessed by measurement analyzer  62 . Act  7 - 5  shows a handover coordination procedure which is performed after the decision of act  7 - 4 . The handover coordination procedure of act  7 - 5  is performed to prepare both source gNodeB  22  and target gNodeB  28  for the possibility of the handover. The communications involved in the handover coordination procedure of act  7 - 5  may be transmitted over the inter-node interface  34 . 
     In one example implementation, after the handover decision of act  7 - 4  and the handover coordination procedure of act  12 - 5 , as shown by act  7 - 6  a message may be sent to wireless terminal  26  to carry the conditional handover CHO configuration information. The conditional handover configuration information for the message of act  7 - 6  may be generated by conditional handover configuration information generator  66 . In one example implementation the message of act  7 - 6  may be an RRCReconfiguration message. In another example implementation (not illustrated), another suitable message (e.g. RRCCHOConfiguration) may be used to send the conditional handover configuration information. Upon successful receipt of the message of act  7 - 6 , i.e., the message that includes and sends the conditional handover configuration information to wireless terminal  26 , a response or acknowledgement message is returned to source gNodeB  22  as shown by act  7 - 6 ′. 
     In an example implementation, the message used for act  7 - 6 , e.g., the message that includes the CHO configuration information, may comprise the following parameters:
         Identification(s) of candidate target cell(s)   Event(s) to trigger execution of CHO   RACH configuration(s) of the candidate target cell(s)   UL/DL configuration(s) of the candidate target cell(s)   New UE identity(ies) (e.g. RNTI) to be used for the candidate target cell(s).       

       FIG. 8  generically shows various general information elements or types of information that may be included in the conditional handover configuration message of act  7 - 6 , including but not limited to: reference signal type (e.g. SSB or CSI-RS); identifier(s) of candidate target nodes; handover conditions; measurement instructions; periodic values for periodic reporting, and leaving conditions. The last three aforementioned information elements may be optional and may be discussed in conjunction with other example embodiments and modes. 
     Listing 4 shows an information element CHOConfig, which is an example implementation of an information element (IE) to be included in the message of act  7 - 6  which is used for the CHO configuration. In this example implementation, the condition(s) to trigger measurement report (EventTriggerConfigCHO) may be configured separately from the conditions included in measConfig (EventTriggerConfig). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 CHOConfig ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  CHOConfigToRemoveList 
                  CHOConfigToRemoveList 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  CHOConfigToAddModList 
                  CHOConfigToAddModList 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need M 
               
               
                 CHOConfigToRemoveList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxNrofCHOConfigId)) OF CHOConfigId 
               
               
                 ReportConfigToAddModList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxCHOConfigId)) OF CHOConfigToAddMod 
               
               
                 CHOConfigToAddMod ::= SEQUENCE { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  choConfigId 
                  CHOConfigId, 
               
               
                  reportConfig 
                   CHOICE { 
               
               
                   choConfigNR 
                   CHOConfigNR, 
               
               
                   ..., 
               
               
                   choConfigInterRAT 
                   choConfigInterRAT 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 CHOConfigNR ::= 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  CHOConditionList 
                 SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (1..maxCHOConditionList)) OF CHOCondition 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 } 
                   
               
               
                 CHOCondition 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  candidateCellIDList 
                  SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (1..maxCandidateCellIDList)) OF PhysCellId eventTriggered 
               
               
                 EventTriggerConfigCHO, 
               
               
                   ..., 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   reportCGI 
                  ReportCGI 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                  } 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  spCellConfigCommon 
                 ServingCellConfigCommon 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need M 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  newUE-Identity 
                 RNTI-Value, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                  validity    ENUMERATED {ms50, ms100, ms150, ms200, 
               
               
                 ms500, ms1000, ms2000, ms10000}, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  rach-ConfigDedicated 
                  CHOICE { 
               
               
                   uplink 
                  RACH-ConfigDedicated, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   supplementaryUplink RACH-ConfigDedicated 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                 } 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 EventTriggerConfigCHO::= 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  eventId 
                  CHOICE { 
               
               
                   eventA1 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a1-Threshold 
                   MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA2 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a2-Threshold 
                   MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA3 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a3-Offset 
                   MeasTriggerQuantityOffset, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA4 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a4-Threshold 
                   MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA5 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a5-Threshold1 
                   MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                    a5-Threshold2 
                   MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA6 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a6-Offset 
                  MeasTriggerQuantityOffset, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   ... 
               
               
                  }, 
               
               
                   rsType 
                   NR-RS-Type 
               
               
                 ... 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     After receiving the CHO configuration in the message of act  7 - 6  of  FIG. 7 , the wireless terminal  26  could, as in previous practice, continue the measurement procedure based on the measurement configuration received earlier, e.g., the measurement configuration received in act  7 - 1  before the handover decision of act  7 - 4 . The earlier measurement configuration, e.g., the pre-conditional measurement configuration information, may include a measurement object that includes the measurement parameters covering the candidate target cell(s). Additionally, the measurement object of the pre-conditional measurement configuration information may also include the candidate target cell(s) in the whitelisted cells. In such a case, the measurement object could trigger a measurement report based on the associated (linked) report configuration. However, the serving cell, e.g., source gNodeB  22 , has already negotiated with each of the candidate target cell(s), and the wireless terminal  26  is allowed to autonomously execute a handover to one of the candidate target cell(s) as long as the CHO configuration remains valid. Therefore, once the CHO configuration is provided in the message of act  7 - 5 , it may be wasteful to send a measurement report with regard to any of the candidate target cell(s). 
     In view of the foregoing, as one of its features and advantages, the wireless terminal  26  of  FIG. 6  may suppress measurement reports with regard to a candidate target cell included in the CHO configuration, when the measurement result of the signal from the candidate target cell satisfies the reporting condition specified in the corresponding reporting configuration. In other words, the wireless terminal  26  may transmit a measurement report when the measurement results available in the UE include the result(s) from cell(s) other than the one(s) configured as candidate target cell(s). Accordingly, the measurement report control unit  86  of wireless terminal  26  is labeled as a measurement report control unit  86  which may suppress the reporting of measurements for candidate target gNodeBs. 
     To reflect the foregoing,  FIG. 7  shows as act  7 - 3 ′ the wireless terminal  26  sending a measurement report which is based on the conditional handover configuration. For example, assume that one measurement object is linked to an event-triggered reporting configuration. If the measurement with regard to this measurement object results in finding a cell that meets the triggering condition in the reporting configuration, the wireless terminal  26  of  FIG. 6  may send a measurement report if the identification of the found cell (e.g. physical cell ID) is for none of the candidate target cell(s) in the CHO configuration. Otherwise the UE may determine not to send the measurement report. If measurement results for cells other than the candidate target cell(s) are available, the wireless terminal  26  may be allowed to include in the measurement report the results from the candidate target cell(s) along with the results from the cells other than the candidate target cells. 
     Act  7 - 4 ′ shows that the wireless terminal  26  may make a determination that the conditional handover conditions of the conditional handover configuration information are satisified, and that a handover to a candidate target gNodeB  28  should occur. The determination of act  7 - 4 ′ may be made by handover unit  72  of wireless terminal  26 . Thereafter, the wireless terminal  26  may seek access to target gNodeB  28  by engaging in a random access procedure, as shown by act  7 - 7  and act  7 - 8 . Act  7 - 7  comprises wireless terminal  26  sending a Random Access Preamble to target gNodeB  28 . Upon successful receipt and recognition by target gNodeB  28  of the Random Access Preamble of act  7 - 7 , the wireless terminal  26  should receive a Random Access Response message as shown by act  7 - 8 . The handover procedure is then completed by the wireless terminal  26  sending an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target gNodeB  28 , as shown by act  7 - 9 . 
     The source gNodeB  22  of  FIG. 6  thus provides wireless terminal  26  with conditional handover configuration information which the wireless terminal  26  may use for controlling generation and/or content of measurement reports. Example, representative, basic acts performed by source gNodeB  22  of  FIG. 6  are shown in  FIG. 9 . Act  9 - 1  comprises receiving a measurement report from a wireless terminal. The measurement report of act  9 - 1  may be a report message such as message  7 - 3  of  FIG. 7 . Act  9 - 2  comprises making a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report. The determination of act  9 - 2  may be made by conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64  of source gNodeB  22 , and may further be reflected by act  7 - 4  of  FIG. 7 . Act  9 - 3  comprises transmitting to the wireless terminal a configuration message to configure a conditional handover, the configuration message being configured for use by the wireless terminal in making a decision regarding transmission of a wireless terminal measurement report to the source gNodeB  22 . 
     Example, representative, basic acts performed by wireless terminal  26  of  FIG. 6  are shown in  FIG. 10 . Act  10 - 1  comprises receiving from the wireless access node a configuration message to configure a conditional handover. The conditional handover configuration message of act  10 - 1  may be the message of act  7 - 5  as described above. Act  10 - 2  comprises the wireless terminal  26  performing a measurement. The measurement may be initiated by measurement initiation unit  82  of wireless terminal  26 . Act  10 - 3  comprises the wireless terminal  26  making a decision, based on the configuration message of act  10 - 2 , to send a measurement report including the measurement result. Act  10 - 4  comprises transmitting the measurement report to source gNodeB  22 . 
     Listing 5 is an example procedure of measurement report triggering, based on Listing 2 with revisions for supporting the embodiment and mode of  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7  marked as bold text. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1&gt; for each measId included in the measIdList within 
               
               
                   
                  VarMeasConfig: 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; if the corresponding reportConfig includes a 
               
               
                   
                     reportType set to eventTriggered or periodical: 
               
               
                   
                    3&gt; if the corresponding measObject concerns NR: 
               
               
                   
                     4&gt;if the eventA1 or eventA2 is configured in the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reportConfig: 
               
               
                   
                      5&gt;  consider only the serving cell to be 
               
               
                   
                      applicable; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; if the eventA3 or eventA5 is configured in the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reportConfig: 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   if a serving cell is associated with a 
               
               
                   
                      measObjectNR and neighbours are associated with 
               
               
                   
                      another measObjectNR, consider any serving cell 
               
               
                   
                      associated with the other measObjectNR to be a 
               
               
                   
                      neighbouring cell as well; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; for measurement events other than eventA1 or 
               
               
                   
                     eventA2: 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   if useWhiteCellList is set to true: 
               
               
                   
                      6&gt;  consider any neighbouring cell detected based 
               
               
                   
                       on parameters in the associated measObjectNR to 
               
               
                   
                        be applicable when the concerned cell is 
               
               
                   
                        included in the whiteCellsToAddModList defined 
               
               
                   
                       within the VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                     5&gt;   else: 
               
               
                   
                      6&gt;  consider any neighbouring cell detected based 
               
               
                   
                       on parameters in the associated measObjectNR to 
               
               
                   
                        be applicable when the concerned cell is not 
               
               
                   
                       included in the blackCellsToAddModList defined 
               
               
                   
                       within the VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  else if the corresponding measObject concerns E- 
               
               
                   
                    UTRA: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; consider any neighbouring cell detected on the 
               
               
                   
                     associated frequency to be applicable when the 
               
               
                   
                     concerned cell is not included in the 
               
               
                   
                     blackCellsToAddModListEUTRAN defined within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; else if the corresponding reportConfig includes a 
               
               
                   
                     reportType set to reportCGI: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  consider the cell detected on the associated 
               
               
                   
                    measObject which has a physical cell identity matching 
               
               
                   
                    the value of the cellForWhichToReportCGI included in 
               
               
                   
                     the corresponding reportConfig within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasConfig to be applicable; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and if 
               
               
                   
                     the entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. the 
               
               
                   
                     event corresponding with the eventId of the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, is 
               
               
                   
                     fulfilled for one or more applicable cells for all 
               
               
                   
                     measurements after layer 3 filtering taken during 
               
               
                   
                     timeToTrigger defined for this event within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasConfig, while the VarMeasReportList does not 
               
               
                   
                     include a measurement reporting entry for this measId (a 
               
               
                   
                     first cell triggers the event): 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                   
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                   
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                    3&gt;   if cellsTriggeredList includes cells other than the   
               
               
                   
                     candidate target cell ( s )  configured by CHOConfig;   
               
               
                   
                     4&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and 
               
               
                   
                     if the entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. 
               
               
                   
                     the event corresponding with the eventId of the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, is 
               
               
                   
                     fulfilled for one or more applicable cells not included 
               
               
                   
                     in the cellsTriggeredList for all measurements after 
               
               
                   
                     layer 3 filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined for 
               
               
                   
                     this event within the VarMeasConfig (a subsequent cell 
               
               
                   
                     triggers the event): 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                   
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                    3&gt;   if cellsTriggeredList includes cells other than the   
               
               
                   
                     candidate target cell ( s )  configured by CHOConfig;   
               
               
                   
                     4&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and 
               
               
                   
                     if the leaving condition applicable for this event is 
               
               
                   
                     fulfilled for one or more of the cells included in the 
               
               
                   
                     cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                   
                     for this measId for all measurements after layer 3 
               
               
                   
                     filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasConfig for this event: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  remove the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                   
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if reportOnLeave is set to true for the 
               
               
                   
                     corresponding reporting configuration: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the cellsTriggeredList defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId is empty: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; remove the measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; stop the periodical reporting timer for this measId, 
               
               
                   
                     if running; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; if reportType is set to periodical and if a (first) 
               
               
                   
                     measurement result is available: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the reportAmount exceeds 1: 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure, as 
               
               
                   
                     specified in 5.5.5, immediately after the quantity 
               
               
                   
                     to be reported becomes available for the NR SpCell; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  else (i.e. the reportAmount is equal to 1): 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure, 
               
               
                   
                     immediately after the quantity to be reported 
               
               
                   
                     becomes available for the NR SpCell and for the 
               
               
                   
                     strongest cell among the applicable cells; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; upon expiry of the periodical reporting timer for 
               
               
                   
                    this measId: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure. 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; if reportType is set to reportCGI: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the UE acquired the SIB1 or 
               
               
                   
                    SystemInformationBlockType1 for the requested cell; or 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  if the UE detects that the requested NR cell is not 
               
               
                   
                    transmitting SIB1 (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 13): 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; stop timer T321; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   
                   2&gt; upon the expiry of T321 for this measId: 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                   
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     2: Measurement Reporting after Conditional Handover Configuration 
     In the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11 , the wireless terminal  26  may be permitted to periodically transmit a measurement report for the configured candidate target cell(s). One reason for permitting the wireless terminal  26  to transmit a measurement report on a periodic basis is that the source cell, the serving cell of source gNodeB  22 , may use this measurement report to determine whether or not to release the CHO configuration. Since each of the candidate target cell(s), such as target gNodeB  28 , reserves radio resources for a potential CHO, the radio access network may not desire to maintain the reserved resources forever. Therefore, the radio access network may force the  26  to continue reporting the measurement results of the candidate target cells. 
     The source gNodeB  22 , wireless terminal  26 , and node processor  30  of the communications system  20  of  FIG. 11  are similar to those of  FIG. 6 , with like units and functionalities having like reference numbers. As shown in  FIG. 11 , the source gNodeB  22  comprises node processor circuitry (“node processor  30 ”) and node transceiver circuitry  32 , with node transceiver circuitry  32  comprising node transmitter  34  and node receiver  36 . The node processor  30  comprises node frame/signal scheduler/handler  50 , message generator  54 , RRC state machine  56 , and handover controller  60 , with the handover controller  60  in turn comprising measurement analyzer  62 , conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64 , and conditional handover configuration information generator  66 ( 11 ). A difference between the example embodiment of  FIG. 6  and the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11  is that the conditional handover configuration information generator  66 ( 11 ) includes in the conditional handover configuration information a conditional handover instruction which, rather than suppressing the reporting of measurements for candidate target gNodeBs, instead permits periodic reporting of the measurements for candidate target gNodeBs. The instruction of the conditional handover configuration information that permits the periodic reporting of the measurement results for the candidate target gNodeBs may be included in the “measurements instruction” information element, shown as the fourth information element of the conditional handover configuration message of  FIG. 8 , for example. Moreover, a value of the periodicity for the permitted reporting of the measurement results for the candidate target gNodeBs may be included in the “period value” information element, shown as the fifth information element of the conditional handover configuration message of  FIG. 8 , for example. 
     As in the  FIG. 6  example embodiment and mode, the wireless terminal  26  of the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11  comprises terminal processor  40  and terminal transceiver circuitry  42 , with terminal transceiver circuitry  42  in turn comprising terminal transmitter  44  and terminal receiver  46 . The terminal processor  40  comprises terminal frame/signal handler  52 , message processor  70 , handover unit  72 , and measurement controller  80 , with the measurement controller  80  in turn comprising measurement initiation unit  82 , measurement results unit  84 , and measurement report control unit  86 . Since, in the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11 , the wireless terminal  26  is permitted to periodically transmit the measurement results for a candidate target gNodeB, the measurement report control unit  86  of  FIG. 11  is labeled for periodic candidate reporting. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an example scenario of the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11 , wherein after receiving the CHO configuration the wireless terminal  26  may periodically transmit the measurement report including the measurement results of some or all of the candidate target cell(s). The acts of  FIG. 12  which are similar to those of  FIG. 7  have similar suffixes, e.g., act  12 - 0  of  FIG. 12  is similar to act  7 - 0  of  FIG. 7 , act  12 - 1  of  FIG. 12  is similar to act  7 - 1  of  FIG. 7 , and so forth. A difference in the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 12  is that, after the conditional handover coordination of act  12 - 5 , periodic reporting of measurement results for the candidate target gNodeB(s) is permitted. For example,  FIG. 12  shows that the reporting of measurement results for the candidate target gNodeB(s) does not occur in the first two measurement reporting messages  12 - 3 ′- 11 ( 1 ) and  12 - 3 ′- 11 ( 2 ), but does occur in the third measurement reporting message  12 - 3 ′- 11 ( 3 ). 
     In the example situation shown in  FIG. 12 , it may occur as a result of the third measurement reporting message  12 - 3 ′- 11 ( 3 ) that as act  12 - 10  the network, e.g., source gNodeB  22 , determines that the conditional handover configuration, which resulted from the conditional handover decision of act  12 - 4 , should be released. Such determination may be made by conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64 , for example. After the conditional handover release decision of act  12 - 10 , as act  12 - 11  the source gNodeB  22  may engage in a handover release operation with target gNodeB  28 , as reflected by act  12 - 11 . In other words, as act  12 - 10  the source cell  22  may decide to release the CHO configuration, and in accordance with such decision may as act  12 - 11  negotiate with the candidate target cell(s), such as target gNodeB  28 , to release the reserved resources. Thereafter as act  12 - 12  the source gNodeB  22  may send a conditional handover de-configuration message to the wireless terminal  26 . Upon successful receipt of the conditional handover de-configuration message, as act  12 - 13  the wireless terminal  26  replies to source gNodeB  22  with a RRCReconfigurationComplete message. 
     The source gNodeB  22  of  FIG. 11  thus permits the wireless terminal  26  to periodically report measurement results for the candidate target gNodeB(s). Example, representative, basic acts performed by source gNodeB  22  of  FIG. 11  are shown in  FIG. 13 . Act  13 - 1  comprises receiving a measurement report from a wireless terminal. Act  13 - 2  comprises making a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report. The determination of act  13 - 2  may be made by conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64  of source gNodeB  22 , and may further be reflected by act  12 - 4  of  FIG. 12 . Act  13 - 3  comprises transmitting to the wireless terminal a configuration message to configure a conditional handover, the configuration message being configured to permit periodic reporting of measurement results for a candidate target gNodeB(s). 
     Example, representative, basic acts performed by wireless terminal  26  of  FIG. 11  are shown in  FIG. 14 . Act  14 - 1  comprises receiving from the wireless access node a configuration message to configure a conditional handover. The conditional handover configuration message of act  14 - 1  may be the message of act  12 - 6  as described above. Act  14 - 2  comprises the wireless terminal  26  performing a measurement. The measurement may be initiated by measurement initiation unit  82  of wireless terminal  26 . Act  14 - 3  comprises the wireless terminal  26  making a decision, based on the configuration message of act  14 - 2  and permitted periodicity, to send a measurement report including the measurement result. Act  14 - 4  comprises transmitting the measurement report to source gNodeB  22 . 
     In one example implementation, the CHO configuration may indicate if the wireless terminal  26  is required to transmit the measurement report for some or all of the candidate target cell(s), and the periodicity of the reporting. Listing 6 shows an example format of the CHO configuration based on Listing 4, where an optional field reportPeriodicity, configured separately from the reporting configuration, indicates the periodicity of the reporting of the concerned target cell(s). The presence of this optional field may indicate that the UE is forced to periodically transmit the measurement report, whereas the absence of this field may indicate that the UE should suppress the measurement report as disclosed in the first example embodiment and mode. The reportPeriodicity field may correspond to the period value information element shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 CHOConfig ::= 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  CHOConfigToRemoveList 
                 CHOConfigToRemoveList 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                  CHOConfigToAddModList 
                 CHOConfigToAddModList 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need M 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 CHOConfigToRemoveList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxNrofCHOConfigId)) OF CHOConfigId 
               
               
                 ReportConfigToAddModList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxCHOConfigId)) OF CHOConfigToAddMod 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 CHOConfigToAddMod ::= 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  choConfigId 
                  CHOConfigId, 
               
               
                  reportConfig 
                  CHOICE { 
               
               
                   choConfigNR 
                  CHOConfigNR, 
               
               
                   ..., 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   choConfigInterRAT choConfigInterRAT 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  } 
                   
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 CHOConfigNR ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  CHOConditionList 
                    SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (1..maxCHOConditionList)) OF CHOCondition 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 } 
                   
               
               
                 CHOCondition 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  candidateCellIDList 
                     SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (1..maxCandidateCellIDList)) OF PhysCellId eventTriggered 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 EventTriggerConfigCHO, 
                   
               
               
                   ..., 
               
               
                   reportCGI 
                    ReportCGI 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                  spCellConfigCommon 
                   ServingCellConfigCommon 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need M 
               
               
                  newUE-Identity 
                     RNTI-Value, 
               
               
                  reportPeriodicity 
                    ENUMERATED {ms50, ms100, ms150, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 ms200, ms500, ms1000, ms2000, ms10000} 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
                   
               
               
                  validity 
                   ENUMERATED {ms50, ms100, ms150, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 ms200, ms500, ms1000, ms2000, ms10000}, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  rach-ConfigDedicated 
                   CHOICE { 
               
               
                   uplink 
                   RACH-ConfigDedicated, 
               
               
                   supplementaryUplink 
                   RACH-ConfigDedicated 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL,-- Need N 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 EventTriggerConfigCHO::= 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  eventId 
                   CHOICE { 
               
               
                   eventA1 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a1-Threshold 
                    MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA2 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a2-Threshold 
                    MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA3 
                   SEQUENCE. { 
               
               
                    a3-Offset 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MeasTriggerQuantityOffset, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   }, 
                   
               
               
                   eventA4 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a4-Threshold 
               
               
                 MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA5 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a5-Threshold1 
               
               
                 MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                    a5-Threshold2 
               
               
                 MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   eventA6 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a6-Offset 
               
               
                 MeasTriggerQuantityOffset, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   ... 
               
               
                  }, 
               
               
                 ... 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Listing 7 is an example procedure of measurement report triggering, based on Listing 2 with revisions for supporting the present embodiment marked as bold text. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                  1&gt; for each measId included in the measIdList within 
               
               
                   VarMeasConfig: 
               
               
                   2&gt; if the corresponding reportConfig includes a 
               
               
                    reportType set to eventTriggered or periodical: 
               
               
                   3&gt;  if the corresponding measObject concerns NR: 
               
               
                    4&gt; if the eventA1 or eventA2 is configured in the 
               
               
                     corresponding reportConfig: 
               
               
                     5&gt;   consider only the serving cell to be applicable; 
               
               
                    4&gt; if the eventA3 or eventA5 is configured in the 
               
               
                     corresponding reportConfig: 
               
               
                     5&gt;   if a serving cell is associated with a 
               
               
                      measObjectNR and neighbours are associated with 
               
               
                      another measObjectNR, consider any serving cell 
               
               
                      associated with the other measObjectNR to be a 
               
               
                      neighbouring cell as well; 
               
               
                    4&gt; for measurement events other than eventA1 or eventA2: 
               
               
                      5&gt;   if useWhiteCellList is set to true: 
               
               
                       6&gt;  consider any neighbouring cell detected based on 
               
               
                        parameters in the associated measObjectNR to be 
               
               
                        applicable when the concerned cell is included in 
               
               
                        the whiteCellsToAddModList defined within the 
               
               
                        VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                      5&gt;   else: 
               
               
                       6&gt;  consider any neighbouring cell detected based on 
               
               
                        parameters in the associated measObjectNR to be 
               
               
                        applicable when the concerned cell is not 
               
               
                        included in the blackCellsToAddModList defined 
               
               
                        within the VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                    3&gt;  else if the corresponding measObject concerns E-UTRA: 
               
               
                     4&gt; consider any neighbouring cell detected on the 
               
               
                      associated frequency to be applicable when the 
               
               
                      concerned cell is not included in the 
               
               
                      blackCellsToAddModListEUTRAN defined within the 
               
               
                      VarMeasConfig for this measId; 
               
               
                    2&gt; else if the corresponding reportConfig includes a 
               
               
                      reportType set to reportCGI: 
               
               
                    3&gt;  consider the cell detected on the associated 
               
               
                     measObject which has a physical cell identity matching 
               
               
                    the value of the cellForWhichToReportCGI included in 
               
               
                    the corresponding reportConfig within the VarMeasConfig 
               
               
                    to be applicable; 
               
               
                   2&gt; if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and if the 
               
               
                     entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. the event 
               
               
                     corresponding with the eventId of the corresponding 
               
               
                     reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, is fulfilled for one 
               
               
                     or more applicable cells for all measurements after layer 
               
               
                     3 filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined for this 
               
               
                     event within the VarMeasConfig, while the 
               
               
                     VarMeasReportList does not include a measurement 
               
               
                     reporting entry for this measId (a first cell triggers 
               
               
                     the event): 
               
               
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  include the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   2&gt; else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and 
               
               
                     if the entry condition applicable for this event, i.e. 
               
               
                     the event corresponding with the eventId of the 
               
               
                     corresponding reportConfig within VarMeasConfig, is 
               
               
                     fulfilled for one or more applicable cells not included 
               
               
                     in the cellsTriggeredList for all measurements after 
               
               
                     layer 3 filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined for 
               
               
                     this event within the VarMeasConfig (a subsequent cell 
               
               
                     triggers the event): 
               
               
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  include the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   4&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   2&gt; else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and 
               
               
                     if the leaving condition applicable for this event is 
               
               
                     fulfilled for one or more of the cells included in the 
               
               
                     cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                     for this measId for all measurements after layer 3 
               
               
                     filtering taken during timeToTrigger defined within the 
               
               
                     VarMeasConfig for this event: 
               
               
                   3&gt;  remove the concerned cell(s) in the 
               
               
                    cellsTriggeredList defined within the VarMeasReportList 
               
               
                    for this measId; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  if reportOnLeave is set to true for the corresponding 
               
               
                    reporting configuration: 
               
               
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  if the cellsTriggeredList defined within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId is empty: 
               
               
                    4&gt; remove the measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                    4&gt; stop the periodical reporting timer for this measId, 
               
               
                     if running; 
               
               
                   2&gt; if reportType is set to periodical and if a (first) 
               
               
                     measurement result is available,  or:   
               
               
                    2&gt;   if a measurement result is available for one of the   
               
               
                      candidate target cell ( s )  configured by CHOConfig, and   
               
               
                      reportPeriodicity is included in CHOConfig:   
               
               
                   3&gt;  include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  if the reportAmount exceeds 1: 
               
               
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure, as 
               
               
                     specified in 5.5.5, immediately after the quantity to 
               
               
                     be reported becomes available for the NR SpCell; 
               
               
                   3&gt;  else (i.e. the reportAmount is equal to 1): 
               
               
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure, 
               
               
                     immediately after the quantity to be reported becomes 
               
               
                     available for the NR SpCell and for the strongest 
               
               
                     cell among the applicable cells; 
               
               
                   2&gt; upon expiry of the periodical reporting timer for 
               
               
                     this measId,  or:   
               
               
                   2&gt; upon expiry of  reportPeriodicity included in   
               
               
                     CHOConfig:   
               
               
                    3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure. 
               
               
                   2&gt; if reportType is set to reportCGI: 
               
               
                    3&gt;  if the UE acquired the SIB1 or 
               
               
                    SystemInformationBlockType1 for the requested cell; or 
               
               
                    3&gt;  if the UE detects that the requested NR cell is not 
               
               
                    transmitting SIB1 (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 13): 
               
               
                    4&gt; stop timer T321; 
               
               
                    4&gt; include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                    4&gt; set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                     VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                    4&gt; initiate the measurement reporting procedure; 
               
               
                   2&gt; upon the expiry of T321 for this measId: 
               
               
                    3&gt;   include a measurement reporting entry within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId; 
               
               
                    3&gt;  set the numberOfReportsSent defined within the 
               
               
                    VarMeasReportList for this measId to 0; 
               
               
                    3&gt;  initiate the measurement reporting procedure. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another example implementation, the indication in the CHO configuration indicating if the wireless terminal  26  is required to transmit the measurement report for some or all of the candidate target cell(s) may be a Boolean type field (or a present/absence type field), associated with no designated periodicity. In this case, after receiving the CHO configuration, the wireless terminal may send a measurement report (even for candidate target cell(s)) in accordance with the reporting configuration in the pre-conditional measurement configuration if the Boolean type field is set to true (or false) (or the presence/absence type field is present (or absent)), otherwise, the wireless terminal may suppress measurement reports with regard to the candidate target cell(s) in accordance with the previous embodiment. 
     3: Leaving Condition for Conditional Handover Configuration 
     In the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 15 , the source gNodeB  22  may provide the wireless terminal  26  with validity information, or conversely invalidity information, that informs the wireless terminal  26  of the validity or currency of the conditional handover configuration information that the wireless terminal  26  receives from the source gNodeB  22  One reason for providing the wireless terminal  26  with such (in)validity information is to preclude continued pendency of aged conditional handover configuration information, and/or to force the wireless terminal  26  to report measurement results for a candidate target gNodeB upon occurrence of one or more leave condition(s). 
     The source gNodeB  22 , wireless terminal  26 , and node processor  30  of the communications system  20  of  FIG. 15  are similar to those of  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 11 , with like units and functionalities having like reference numbers. As shown in  FIG. 15 , the source gNodeB  22  comprises node processor circuitry (“node processor  30 ”) and node transceiver circuitry  32 , with node transceiver circuitry  32  comprising node transmitter  34  and node receiver  36 . The node processor  30  comprises node frame/signal scheduler/handler  50 , message generator  54 , RRC state machine  56 , and handover controller  60 , with the handover controller  60  in turn comprising measurement analyzer  62 , conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64 , and conditional handover configuration information generator  66 ( 11 ). A difference between the previous example embodiments and the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 15  is that the conditional handover configuration information generator  66 ( 15 ) includes, in the conditional handover configuration information, (in)validity information, also known as “leave condition(s)”, which may be used by wireless terminal  26  to assess how long the conditional handover condition is to be in effect or when the conditional handover condition is to be exited. By way of non-limiting example, the leaving conditions may be provided in the last illustrated information element, “leaving conditions”, of the conditional handover configuration message of  FIG. 8 . 
     As in the preceding example embodiments and modes, the wireless terminal  26  of the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 15  comprises terminal processor  40  and terminal transceiver circuitry  42 , with terminal transceiver circuitry  42  in turn comprising terminal transmitter  44  and terminal receiver  46 . The terminal processor  40  comprises terminal frame/signal handler  52 , message processor  70 , handover unit  72 , and measurement controller  80 , with the measurement controller  80  in turn comprising measurement initiation unit  82 , measurement results unit  84 , and measurement report control unit  86 . In the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 15 , the wireless terminal  26  is provided with information which specifies the (in)validity of or leaving conditions for the conditional handover. Accordingly, the measurement report control unit  86 ( 15 ) of  FIG. 15  functions to determine, using the (in)validity information and/or leaving conditions, whether the measurement results for the candidate target gNodeB(s) are to be reported. 
     The example embodiment of  FIG. 15  discloses validity of CHO configurations that wireless terminal  26  has previously received and associated reporting. In one example implementation, the validity of a CHO configuration may be valid until the wireless terminal  26  actually executes a handover. In another example implementation, the validity may terminate upon the source cell explicitly de-configuring the CHO configuration by sending a message to the UE (as in the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11 ). In yet another example implementation, the validity may be managed by at least one timer. In this timer implementation, the wireless terminal  26  may release the CHO configuration at the expiry of the timer, while the radio network (the source/candidate target cells) may release the reserved radio resources at the expiry. 
     In the  FIG. 15  example embodiment, de-configuring CHO configurations may be based on one or more leaving conditions. The leaving conditions may specify events upon which the UE leaves from the CHO configuration. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates an example scenario which may be performed by the system  20  of  FIG. 15 . In one example implementation shown in  FIG. 16 , the UE wireless terminal  26  use EventTriggeringConfig configured with MeasConfig. Accordingly, the UE may continue the measuring procedure based on the information element measIds in MeasConfig. For each measId, if the UE detects that one of the candidate target cell meets the leaving condition/event (e.g. measurement result&lt;threshold−hysteresis) specified in the corresponding reportConfig, the wireless terminal  26  may send a measurement report including the measurement result of the candidate target cell, based on a flag reportOnLeave associated with the condition/event. The source cell may release the handover coordination with the candidate target cell and may further send a message for CHO de-configuration. This scenario is illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
     The acts of  FIG. 16  which are similar to those of  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 12 , have similar suffixes, e.g., act  16 - 0  of  FIG. 16  is similar to act  7 - 0  of  FIG. 7 , act  16 - 1  of  FIG. 16  is similar to act  7 - 1  of  FIG. 7 , and so forth. A difference in the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 16  relative to previous example embodiments and modes is that, after the conditional handover coordination of act  16 - 5 , the wireless terminal  26  continues to check if the invalidity or leave conditions specified in the conditional handover configuration information of message  16 - 5  is satisfied. If the invalidity or leave conditions specified in the conditional handover configuration information of message  16 - 5  are not satisfied, then the measurement report control unit  86  of wireless terminal  26  continues to suppress the measurement reporting of the measurement results of the candidate target eNode(s), in a manner similar to that of the example embodiment of  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 . In other words, measurement reports such as those of act  7 - 3 ′ of  FIG. 6 , which suppress the reporting of measurement results for the candidate target eNode(s), may be transmitted. However, in the example scenario of  FIG. 16 , as act  16 - 4 ′ the wireless terminal  26  detects that the invalidity or leaving conditions specified in the conditional handover configuration information are met. Upon making the determination of act  16 - 4  that the invalidity or leaving conditions specified in the conditional handover configuration information are met by current conditions and/or events, thereafter the wireless terminal  26  sends measurement reports which include the candidate target cell, as reflected by act  16 - 3 ′- 16 . Based on the receipt of the unsuppressed measurement report of act  16 - 3 ′- 16  or other information, as act  16 - 14  the source gNodeB  22  makes a decision to release the conditional handover. Accordingly, a conditional handover release procedure is performed between source gNodeB  22  and the target gNodeB  28 , as shown by act  16 - 15 . Thereafter as act  16 - 16  the source gNodeB  22  may send a conditional handover de-configuration message to the wireless terminal  26 . Upon successful receipt of the conditional handover de-configuration message, as act  16 - 17  the wireless terminal  26  replies to source gNodeB  22  with a RRCReconfigurationComplete message. 
     The source gNodeB  22  of  FIG. 15  thus provides the wireless terminal  26  with certain (in)validity information or leaving condition information to apprise the wireless terminal  26  how long reports of measurement results for the candidate target gNodeB(s) should be suppressed, if the report suppression is configured as described in the previous embodiment. Example, representative, basic acts performed by source gNodeB  22  of  FIG. 15  are shown in  FIG. 17 . Act  17 - 1  comprises receiving a measurement report from a wireless terminal. Act  17 - 2  comprises making a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report. The determination of act  17 - 2  may be made by conditional handover (CHO) determination unit  64  of source gNodeB  22 , and may further be reflected by act  16 - 4  of  FIG. 16 . Act  17 - 3  comprises transmitting to the wireless terminal a configuration message to configure a conditional handover, the configuration message being configured to provide (in)validity or leaving condition information for a conditional handover. 
     Example, representative, basic acts performed by wireless terminal  26  of  FIG. 15  are shown in  FIG. 18 . Act  18 - 1  comprises receiving from the wireless access node a configuration message to configure a conditional handover. The conditional handover configuration message of act  18 - 1  may be the message of act  16 - 6  as described above. Act  18 - 2  comprises the wireless terminal  26  performing a measurement. The measurement may be initiated by measurement initiation unit  82  of wireless terminal  26 . Act  18 - 3  comprises the wireless terminal  26  making a decision, based on the configuration message of act  14 - 2  and the (in)validity and/or leaving condition information, whether to send a measurement report including the measurement result for a candidate target gNodeB(s). Act  18 - 4  comprises transmitting the measurement report to source gNodeB  22 . 
     In another example implementation, the CHO configuration may include one or more leaving condition(s), separately from the condition(s) configured in MeasConfig. For example, the CHO configuration may include leaving offset(s) for each condition/event as shown in Listing 8. The wireless terminal  26  may consider that the leaving condition is met when the measurement result of the concerned candidate target cell goes below ax_Threshold-ax_LeavingOffset, where ax is one of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6 or any other events (not specified). Similar to the previous implementation, each condition may be associated with reportOnLeave, instructing the UE whether to transmit a measurement report when the leaving condition is met. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Listing 8 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 CHOConfig ::= 
                 SEQUENCE { 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  CHOConfigToRemoveList 
                  CHOConfigToRemoveList 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                  CHOConfigToAddModList 
                  CHOConfigToAddModList 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need M 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 CHOConfigToRemoveList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxNrofCHOConfigId)) OF CHOConfigId 
               
               
                 ReportConfigToAddModList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
               
                 (1..maxCHOConfigld)) OF CHOConfigToAddMod 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 CHOConfigToAddMod ::= 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  choConfigId 
                  CHOConfigId, 
               
               
                  reportConfig 
                   CHOICE { 
               
               
                   choConfigNR 
                   CHOConfigNR, 
               
               
                   ..., 
               
               
                   choConfigInterRAT 
                    choConfigInterRAT 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 CHOConfigNR ::= 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  CHOConditionList 
                   SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (1..maxCHOConditionList)) OF CHOCondition 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 } 
                   
               
               
                 CHOCondition 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  candidateCellIDList 
                    SEQUENCE (SIZE 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (1..maxCandidateCellIDList)) OF PhysCellId eventTriggered 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 EventTriggerConfigCHO, 
                   
               
               
                   ..., 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   reportCGI 
                 ReportCGI 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  } 
                   
               
               
                  spCellConfigCommon 
                  ServingCellConfigCommon 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need M 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  newUE-Identity 
                  RNTI-Value, 
               
               
                  reportPeriodicity 
                     ENUMERATED {ms50, ms100, ms150, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 ms200, ms500, ms1000, ms2000, ms10000} OPTIONAL, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  validity 
                      ENUMERATED {ms50, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 ms100, ms150, ms200, ms500, ms1000, ms2000, ms10000}, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                  rach-ConfigDedicated 
                   CHOICE { 
               
               
                  uplink 
                   RACH-ConfigDedicated, 
               
               
                   supplementaryUplink 
                    RACH-ConfigDedicated 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  } 
                   
                   
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, -- Need N 
               
               
                 } 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 EventTriggerConfigCHO::= 
                    SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                  eventId 
                  CHOICE { 
               
               
                   eventA1 
                   SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a1-Threshold 
                     MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                    a1-LeavingOffset 
                   MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
               
                    reportOnLeave 
                     BOOLEAN 
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   }, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   eventA2 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a2-Threshold 
                   MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                    a2-LeavingOffset MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                    reportOnLeave 
                   BOOLEAN 
               
               
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   }, 
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   eventA3 
                  SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a3-Offset 
                   MeasTriggerQuantityOffset, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                    a3-LeavingOffset MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
               
                    reportOnLeave 
                   
                 BOOLEAN 
               
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   eventA4 
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a4-Threshold 
                 MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                    a4-LeavingOffset MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
               
                    reportOnLeave 
                    BOOLEAN 
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   eventA5    
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                   a5-Threshold1 
                 MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
               
                   a5-Threshold2 
                 MeasTriggerQuantity, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   a5-LeavingOffset1 MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                   a5-LeavingOffset2 MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
               
                    reportOnLeave 
                 BOOLEAN 
                 OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   eventA6    
                 SEQUENCE { 
               
               
                    a6-Offset 
                 MeasTriggerQuantityOffset, 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                    a6-LeavingOffset MeasTriggerQuantityOffset 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                  OPTIONAL, 
                   
                   
               
               
                    reportOnLeave 
                  BOOLEAN 
                  OPTIONAL, 
               
               
                   }, 
               
               
                   ... 
               
               
                  }, 
               
               
                 ... 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The technology disclosed herein thus proposes, e.g., methods and apparatus for a UE to handle measurement reports associated with conditional handover configurations. Specifically:
         The UE may suppress measurement reports for cells configured as candidate target cells for conditional handovers. The suppression may be configured by the gNB of the serving cell.   The UE may continue measurement reports in a periodic manner for cells configured as candidate target cells for conditional handovers. The periodicity may be configured by the gNB of the serving cell.   The gNB may configure the UE with leaving condition(s) associated with conditional handover configurations. The UE may discard the conditional handover configurations when some of the leaving condition(s) is/are met.       

     Certain units and functionalities of the systems  20  may be implemented by electronic machinery. For example, electronic machinery may refer to the processor circuitry described herein, such as node processor(s)  30 , and terminal processor(s)  40 . Moreover, the term “processor circuitry” is not limited to mean one processor, but may include plural processors, with the plural processors operating at one or more sites. Moreover, as used herein the term “server” is not confined to one server unit, but may encompasses plural servers and/or other electronic equipment, and may be co-located at one site or distributed to different sites. With these understandings,  FIG. 19  shows an example of electronic machinery, e.g., processor circuitry, as comprising one or more processors  190 , program instruction memory  192 ; other memory  194  (e.g., RAM, cache, etc.); input/output interfaces  196  and  197 , peripheral interfaces  198 ; support circuits  199 ; and busses  200  for communication between the aforementioned units. The processor(s)  190  may comprise the processor circuitries described herein, for example, node processor(s)  30  and terminal processor(s)  40 . 
     An memory or register described herein may be depicted by memory  194 , or any computer-readable medium, may be one or more of readily available memory such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), floppy disk, hard disk, flash memory or any other form of digital storage, local or remote, and is preferably of non-volatile nature, as and such may comprise memory. The support circuits  199  are coupled to the processors  190  for supporting the processor in a conventional manner. These circuits include cache, power supplies, clock circuits, input/output circuitry and subsystems, and the like. 
     Although the processes and methods of the disclosed embodiments may be discussed as being implemented as a software routine, some of the method steps that are disclosed therein may be performed in hardware as well as by a processor running software. As such, the embodiments may be implemented in software as executed upon a computer system, in hardware as an application specific integrated circuit or other type of hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware. The software routines of the disclosed embodiments are capable of being executed on any computer operating system, and is capable of being performed using any CPU architecture. 
     The functions of the various elements including functional blocks, including but not limited to those labeled or described as “computer”, “processor” or “controller”, may be provided through the use of hardware such as circuit hardware and/or hardware capable of executing software in the form of coded instructions stored on computer readable medium. Thus, such functions and illustrated functional blocks are to be understood as being either hardware-implemented and/or computer-implemented, and thus machine-implemented. 
     In terms of hardware implementation, the functional blocks may include or encompass, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, reduced instruction set processor, hardware (e.g., digital or analog) circuitry including but not limited to application specific integrated circuit(s) [ASIC], and/or field programmable gate array(s) (FPGA(s)), and (where appropriate) state machines capable of performing such functions. 
     In terms of computer implementation, a computer is generally understood to comprise one or more processors or one or more controllers, and the terms computer and processor and controller may be employed interchangeably herein. When provided by a computer or processor or controller, the functions may be provided by a single dedicated computer or processor or controller, by a single shared computer or processor or controller, or by a plurality of individual computers or processors or controllers, some of which may be shared or distributed. Moreover, use of the term “processor” or “controller” may also be construed to refer to other hardware capable of performing such functions and/or executing software, such as the example hardware recited above. 
     Nodes that communicate using the air interface also have suitable radio communications circuitry. Moreover, the technology disclosed herein may additionally be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of computer-readable memory, such as solid-state memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk containing an appropriate set of computer instructions that would cause a processor to carry out the techniques described herein. 
     Moreover, each functional block or various features of the node processor  30  and terminal processor  40  used in each of the aforementioned embodiments may be implemented or executed by circuitry, which is typically an integrated circuit or a plurality of integrated circuits. The circuitry designed to execute the functions described in the present specification may comprise a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific or general application integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, or a discrete hardware component, or a combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, the processor may be a conventional processor, a controller, a microcontroller or a state machine. The general-purpose processor or each circuit described above may be configured by a digital circuit or may be configured by an analogue circuit. Further, when a technology of making into an integrated circuit superseding integrated circuits at the present time appears due to advancement of a semiconductor technology, the integrated circuit by this technology is also able to be used. 
     The technologies of the various example embodiments and modes described herein may be implemented either singly or in combination with one another. For example, one or more features of the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 6 , one or more features of the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 11 , and one or more features of the example embodiment and mode of  FIG. 15  may be combined for use with one or more of each other. 
     It will be appreciated that the technology disclosed herein is directed to solving radio communications-centric issues and is necessarily rooted in computer technology and overcomes problems specifically arising in radio communications. Moreover, the technology disclosed herein improves basic function of a measurement reporting in a situation of a conditional handover, e.g., methods and procedures to deal with problematic issues such as governing or controlling for which candidate target gNodeB(s) measurement results should be reported, in order to operate the network  20  effectively and to reduce congestion in such operation. 
     The technology disclosed herein encompasses one or more of the following nonlimiting, non-exclusive example embodiments and modes: Example Embodiment 1: A wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), the wireless terminal comprising: receiver circuitry configured to receive from the wireless access node a configuration message to configure a conditional handover; processor circuitry configured to perform a measurement, to generate a measurement result, and to make a decision to send a measurement report including the measurement result, and transmitter circuitry configured to transmit the measurement report; wherein: the configuration message comprises one or more identities of candidate target cell(s) and one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously, and; the decision to send the measurement report is based on the configuration message. 
     Example Embodiment 2: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 1, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send a measurement report in a case that the measurement report includes the measurement result for cells other than the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 3: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 1, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 4: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 1, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 5: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 4, wherein the configuration message includes an indication indicating whether or not to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 6: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 4, wherein the configuration message includes at least one period value designated for use of periodic measurement reporting with regard to the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 7: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 1, wherein the configuration message includes at least one leaving condition, the leaving condition being used to release the one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously. 
     Example Embodiment 8: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 7, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that some of the at least one leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 9: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 7, wherein the configuration message includes an indication associated with one of the at least one leaving condition, the indication indicating whether or not to send the measurement report in a case the leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 10: A method for a wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: receiving from the wireless access node a configuration message to configure a conditional handover; performing a measurement; generating a measurement result; making a decision to send a measurement report including the measurement result, and; transmitting the measurement report; wherein: the configuration message comprises one or more identities of candidate target cell(s) and one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously, and; the decision to send the measurement report is based on the configuration message. 
     Example Embodiment 11: The method of Example Embodiment 10, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that the measurement report includes measurement results for cells other than the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 12: The method of Example Embodiment 10, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 13: The method of Example Embodiment 10, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 14: The method of Example Embodiment 13, wherein the configuration message includes an indication indicating whether or not to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 15: The method of Example Embodiment 13, wherein the configuration message includes at least one period value designated for use of periodic measurement reporting with regard to the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 16: The method of Example Embodiment 10, wherein the configuration message includes at least one leaving condition, the leaving condition being used to release the one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously. 
     Example Embodiment 17: The method of Example Embodiment 16, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that some of the at least one leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 18: The method of Example Embodiment 16, wherein the configuration message includes an indication associated with one of the at least one leaving condition, the indication indicating whether or not to send the measurement report in a case the leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 19: An access node of a radio access network (RAN), the access node comprising: transmitter circuitry configured to transmit to a wireless terminal a configuration message to configure a conditional handover; receiver circuitry configured to receive a measurement report from the wireless terminal; processor circuitry configured to make a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report; wherein: the configuration message comprises one or more identities of candidate target cell(s) and one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously, and; the decision for the wireless terminal to send the measurement report is based on the configuration message. 
     Example Embodiment 20: The access node of Example Embodiment 19, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that the measurement report includes measurement results for cells other than the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 21: The access node of Example Embodiment 19, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 22: The access node of Example Embodiment 19, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 23: The access node of Example Embodiment 22, wherein the configuration message includes an indication indicating whether or not to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 24: The access node of Example Embodiment 22, wherein the configuration message includes at least one period value designated for use of periodic measurement reporting with regard to the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 25: The access node of Example Embodiment 19, wherein the configuration message includes at least one leaving condition, the leaving condition being used to release the one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously. 
     Example Embodiment 26: The access node of Example Embodiment 25, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that some of the at least one leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 27: The access node of Example Embodiment 25, wherein the configuration message includes an indication associated with one of the at least one leaving condition, the indication indicating whether or not to send the measurement report in a case the leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 28: A method for an access node of a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: receiving a measurement report from the wireless terminal; making a determination for reconfiguring the wireless terminal based on the measurement report; transmitting to a wireless terminal a configuration message to configure a conditional handover; wherein: the configuration message comprises one or more identities of candidate target cell(s) and one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously, and; the decision for the wireless terminal to send the measurement report is based on the configuration message. 
     Example Embodiment 29: The method of Example Embodiment 28, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that the measurement report includes measurement results for cells other than the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 30: The method of Example Embodiment 28, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 31: The method of Example Embodiment 28, wherein configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 32: The method of Example Embodiment 31, wherein the configuration message includes an indication indicating whether or not to periodically send the measurement report for the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 33: The method of Example Embodiment 31, wherein the configuration message includes at least one period value designated for use of periodic measurement reporting with regard to the candidate target cell(s). 
     Example Embodiment 34: The method of Example Embodiment 28, wherein the configuration message includes at least one leaving condition, the leaving condition being used to release the one or more conditions to perform a handover autonomously. 
     Example Embodiment 35: The method of Example Embodiment 34, wherein the configuration message instructs the wireless terminal to send the measurement report in a case that some of the at least one leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 36: The method of Example Embodiment 34, wherein the configuration message includes an indication associated with one of the at least one leaving condition, the indication indicating whether or not to send the measurement report in a case the leaving condition is met. 
     Example Embodiment 37: A wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), the wireless terminal comprising: receiver circuitry configured to receive from the wireless access node at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell; processor circuitry configured to: perform a measurement based on the measurement object, and; decide, based on the measurement and the trigger configuration, whether or not to execute the conditional handover to the candidate target cell; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     Example Embodiment 38: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 37, wherein the at least one reconfiguration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send a measurement report for the candidate target cell. 
     Example Embodiment 39: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 37, wherein the trigger configuration comprises one or more events, each of the one or more events comprising at least one offset/threshold value. 
     Example Embodiment 40: The wireless terminal of Example Embodiment 37, wherein the measurement report configuration comprises at least any one of a report interval, a report amount and a maximum number of cells to report. 
     Example Embodiment 41: A method for a wireless terminal that communicates over a radio interface with a wireless access node of a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: receiving from the wireless access node at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell; performing a measurement based on the measurement object, and; deciding, based on the measurement and the trigger configuration, whether or not to execute the conditional handover to the candidate target cell; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     Example Embodiment 42: The method of Example Embodiment 41, wherein the at least one reconfiguration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send a measurement report for the candidate target cell. 
     Example Embodiment 43: The method of Example Embodiment 41, wherein the triggering condition comprises one or more events, each of the one or more events comprising at least one offset/threshold value. 
     Example Embodiment 44: The method of Example Embodiment 41, wherein the measurement report configuration comprises at least any one of a report interval, a report amount and a maximum number of cells to report. 
     Example Embodiment 45: An access node of a radio access network (RAN), the access node comprising: processor circuitry configured to generate at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell; transmitter circuitry configured to transmit the at least one reconfiguration message; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     Example Embodiment 46: The access node of Example Embodiment 45, wherein the at least one reconfiguration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send a measurement report for the candidate target cell. 
     Example Embodiment 47: The access node of Example Embodiment 45, wherein the trigger configuration comprises one or more events, each of the one or more events comprising at least one offset/threshold value. 
     Example Embodiment 48: The access node of Example Embodiment 45, wherein the measurement report configuration comprises at least any one of a report interval, a report amount and a maximum number of cells to report. 
     Example Embodiment 49: A method for an access node of a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: generating at least one reconfiguration message comprising a measurement object, a trigger configuration for a conditional handover and an identity of a candidate target cell, and; transmitting the at least one reconfiguration message; wherein: the trigger configuration does not include a measurement report configuration. 
     Example Embodiment 50: The method of Example Embodiment 49, wherein the at least one reconfiguration message instructs the wireless terminal not to send a measurement report for the candidate target cell. 
     Example Embodiment 51: The method of Example Embodiment 49, wherein the trigger configuration comprises one or more events, each of the one or more events comprising at least one offset/threshold value. 
     Example Embodiment 52: The method of Example Embodiment 49, wherein the measurement report configuration comprises at least any one of a report interval, a report amount and a maximum number of cells to report. 
     One or more of the following documents may be pertinent to the technology disclosed herein (all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety): 
     3GPP RAN2 #105bis Contributions: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 R2-1903243 
                 Conditional Handover in High Frequency MediaTek Inc. 
               
               
                 R2-1903244 
                 Mobility Failure Recovery in NR MediaTek Inc. 
               
               
                 R2-1903305 
                 Discussion on failure handling of handover for NR mobility OPPO 
               
               
                 R2-1903309 
                 Further details on conditional handover for NR Mobility Enhancements 
               
               
                   
                 OPPO 
               
               
                 R2-1903354 
                 Consideration on the UE capability of supporting CHO CATT 
               
               
                 R2-1903355 
                 Open Issues of Conditional Handover in NR CATT 
               
               
                 R2-1903356 
                 Handling of Conditional Handover Failure in NR CATT 
               
               
                 R2-1903357 
                 Aspects for consideration in support of multiple cells in CHO 
               
               
                   
                 CATT 
               
               
                 R2-1903436 
                 Triggers for conditional handover vivo 
               
               
                 R2-1903438 
                 Fast handover failure recovery in NR vivo 
               
               
                 R2-1903450 
                 Report of the email discussion [105#58] on comparison of LTE and NR 
               
               
                   
                 Conditional handover Intel Corporation 
               
               
                 R2-1903451 
                 Further consideration on conditional handover Intel Corporation 
               
               
                 R2-1903452 
                 Performance evaluation on exit condition for conditional handover 
               
               
                   
                 Intel Corporation 
               
               
                 R2-1903514 
                 Stage-2 aspects of conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903515 
                 User plane aspects of conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903516 
                 Configuration of conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903517 
                 Triggering of conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903518 
                 Execution of conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903519 
                 Deconfiguration of conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903520 
                 Conditional handover failures in NR Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903521 
                 Suspend while monitoring CHO Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903522 
                 Security implications of CHO Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903523 
                 On FR2 impact on CHO Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903524 
                 TP to 38.300 on Conditional Handover in NR Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903525 
                 Conditional handover performanceEricsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903526 
                 Validity timer impact on conditional handover performance Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903527 
                 Comparison of solutions for handover robustness Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903528 
                 Draft LS on Data forwarding for conditional handover Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903529 
                 Fast RLF triggering based on timer T312 Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903530 
                 Fast handover failure recovery Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903531 
                 Repetition of RRC messages Ericsson 
               
               
                 R2-1903560 
                 Triggers for Conditional Handover in NR InterDigital 
               
               
                 R2-1903561 
                 Details of Conditional Handover Procedure for NR InterDigital 
               
               
                 R2-1903567 
                 Discussion on CHO solution in NR Huawei, HiSilicon 
               
               
                 R2-1903568 
                 Discussion on duplication during handover procedure Huawei, 
               
               
                   
                 HiSilicon 
               
               
                 R2-1903569 
                 Consideration on fast HO failure recovery Huawei, HiSilicon 
               
               
                 R2-1903613 
                 Enhancement on Highly Frequent HO Scenario Apple 
               
               
                 R2-1903651 
                 Conditional HO to improve mobility robustness Qualcomm 
               
               
                   
                 Incorporated 
               
               
                 R2-1903675 
                 Discussion on Conditional HO in NR China Telecom 
               
               
                 R2-1903768 
                 Open issues for multiple candidate cells in conditional handover in NR 
               
               
                   
                 SHARP Corporation 
               
               
                 R2-1903791 
                 Measurement report enhancement in conditional handover Spreadtrum 
               
               
                   
                 Communications 
               
               
                 R2-1903907 
                 Service Interruption in Conditional Handover ETRI 
               
               
                 R2-1903908 
                 Signalling Overhead Reduction for Conditional Handover ETRI 
               
               
                 R2-1903909 
                 Faster Handover Failure Recovery ETRI 
               
               
                 R2-1904069 
                 Reuse of conditional handover for SCG change in NR-DC NEC 
               
               
                 R2-1904171 
                 Conditional handover for NR Lenovo, Motorola Mobility 
               
               
                 R2-1904289 
                 Considerations for failure recovery in NR Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell 
               
               
                 R2-1904290 
                 Beam selection and consolidation enhancements Nokia, Nokia 
               
               
                   
                 Shanghai Bell 
               
               
                 R2-1904294 
                 CFRA resources update for Conditional HO Nokia, Nokia 
               
               
                   
                 Shanghai Bell 
               
               
                 R2-1904295 
                 Robustness through SRB duplication for split bearer solution in NR 
               
               
                   
                 Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell 
               
               
                 R2-1904344 
                 Consideration of Beamforming for NR Conditional Handover 
               
               
                   
                 CMCC 
               
               
                 R2-1904383 
                 Introduction of early RLF declaration or fast handover failure recovery 
               
               
                   
                 for PSCell in MR-DC Samsung Electronics Polska 
               
               
                 R2-1904387 
                 Introduction of T312 for IRAT EUTRA measurement in NR Samsung 
               
               
                   
                 Electronics Polska 
               
               
                 R2-1904390 
                 Introduction of T312 for IRAT NR measurement in EUTRA Samsung 
               
               
                   
                 Electronics Polska 
               
               
                 R2-1904391 
                 Introduction of early RLF declaration for PSCell in (NG)EN-DC 
               
               
                   
                 Samsung Electronics Polska 
               
               
                 R2-1904392 
                 Discussion on Fast RLF Recovery optimizations in NR Samsung 
               
               
                   
                 Electronics Polska 
               
               
                 R2-1904544 
                 Robustness through SRB duplication for split bearer solution in NR 
               
               
                   
                 Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, Huawei, HiSilicon 
               
               
                 R2-1904980 
                 Performance of Conditional HO in FR2 Apple Inc. 
               
               
                 R2-1904984 
                 On NR Mobility in FR2 Apple Inc. 
               
               
                 R2-1905057 
                 Fast handover failure recovery with multiple RACH transmissions LG 
               
               
                   
                 Electronics Inc 
               
               
                 R2-1905093 
                 Consideration to Support Conditional HO in NR LG Electronics Inc. 
               
               
                 R2-1905094 
                 Consideration on CHO Configuration LG Electronics Inc. 
               
               
                 R2-1905141 
                 NR specific simulation Samsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905142 
                 consideration of multiple candidate target cell for NR CHO Samsung 
               
               
                   
                 R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905143 
                 Deconfiguration of NR CHO Samsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905144 
                 Timer for checking the failure of initial access for NR CHO Samsung 
               
               
                   
                 R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905145 
                 Condition for NR CHO Samsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905146 
                 Data forwarding for NR CHO Samsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905147 
                 Introduction of T312 in NR Samsung Electronics, Qualcomm 
               
               
                   
                 Incorporated 
               
               
                 R2-1905148 
                 Further enhancement of T312 in NR Samsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905149 
                 Introducing T312 for Pcell in NR Samsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                 R2-1905150 
                 Applying T312 on serving frequency in NRSamsung R&amp;D Institute UK 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the technology disclosed herein but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of the technology disclosed herein. Thus the scope of the technology disclosed herein should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of the technology disclosed herein fully encompasses other embodiments which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the scope of the technology disclosed herein is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” The above-described embodiments could be combined with one another. All structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described preferred embodiment that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the technology disclosed herein, for it to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. 
     CROSS REFERENCE 
     This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 on provisional Application No. 62,839,424 on Apr. 26, 2019, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.