Patent Publication Number: US-11644931-B2

Title: Touch panel and method of manufacturing the same

Description:
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/957,839 filed on Apr. 19, 2018, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/668,765 filed on Mar. 25, 2015, which claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0170610 filed Dec. 2, 2014 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure generally relates to a touch panel and a method of manufacturing the same. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Touch panels are often used as input devices to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting displays (OLEDs). When a touch panel is used as an input device, a user can input commands to the touch panel using a hand or an object such as a pen. The touch panel can detect a touch position by sensing a change in capacitance or voltage between two electrodes, and provide a user command (corresponding to the touch position) to a display device. 
     Generally, a touch panel includes sensing electrodes and wiring lines connected to the sensing electrodes. The sensing electrodes are configured to sense the touch position of a hand or an object. In a conventional touch panel, the sensing electrodes are typically made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO). However, ITO has high surface resistance and may reduce the signal sensitivity and detection sensitivity of the touch panel. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides a touch panel having improved detection sensitivity and transmittance, and a method of manufacturing the touch panel. 
     According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, a touch panel is provided. The touch panel includes: a substrate comprising a wiring area and a sensor area; a sensing pattern located on a surface of the substrate in the sensor area; and a wiring line located on the surface of the substrate in the wiring area and electrically connected to the sensing pattern, wherein the sensing pattern comprises a plurality of first fine metal lines arranged irregularly in a mesh, and a first photosensitive layer pattern residue located between at least two of the first fine metal lines. 
     In some embodiments, the sensing pattern and the wiring line may be made of a same material. 
     In some embodiments, each of the sensing pattern and the wiring line may include any one of molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni), or an alloy thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the first photosensitive layer pattern residue may be made of a positive photosensitive resin. 
     In some embodiments, the wiring line may include a plurality of second fine metal lines arranged irregularly in a mesh, and a second photosensitive layer pattern residue located between at least two of the second fine metal lines. 
     According to another embodiment of the inventive concept, a method of manufacturing a touch panel is provided. The method includes: providing a substrate comprising a wiring area, a sensor area, and a non-sensor area; forming a photosensitive layer pattern on a surface of the substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer pattern comprises a first pattern located in the sensor area and a second pattern located in the non-sensor area; forming gaps in the first pattern; forming a metal layer on the photosensitive layer pattern and the surface of the substrate; and forming a sensing pattern in the sensor area and a wiring line in the wiring area by removing the second pattern and a portion of the metal layer located on the second pattern. 
     In some embodiments, a first height measured from the surface of the substrate to a top surface of the first pattern may be less than a second height measured from the surface of the substrate to a top surface of the second pattern. 
     In some embodiments, forming the gaps in the first pattern may include drying the photosensitive layer pattern. 
     In some embodiments, drying the photosensitive layer pattern may include applying heat to the photosensitive layer pattern. 
     In some embodiments, forming the photosensitive layer pattern on the surface of the substrate may include: forming a photosensitive layer by coating a photosensitive resin on the surface of the substrate; and exposing and developing the photosensitive layer using a mask, wherein the mask may include a semi-transmitting mask pattern corresponding to the sensor area, a first mask pattern corresponding to the non-sensor area, and a second mask pattern corresponding to the wiring area. 
     In some embodiments, the photosensitive resin may be a positive photosensitive resin, the first mask pattern may be a light-blocking pattern, and the second mask pattern may be a light-transmitting pattern. 
     In some embodiments, the metal layer may include any one of molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni), or an alloy thereof. 
     According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, a method of manufacturing a touch panel is provided. The method includes: providing a substrate comprising a wiring area, a sensor area, and a non-sensor area; forming a photosensitive layer pattern on a surface of the substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer pattern comprises a first pattern located in the sensor area, a second pattern located in the non-sensor area, and a third pattern located in the wiring area; forming gaps in the first pattern and the third pattern; forming a metal layer on the photosensitive layer pattern; and forming a sensing pattern in the sensor area and a wiring line in the wiring area by removing the second pattern and a portion of the metal layer located on the second pattern. 
     In some embodiments, a second height measured from the surface of the substrate to a top surface of the second pattern may be greater than each of a first height measured from the surface of the substrate to a top surface of the first pattern and a third height measured from the surface of the substrate to a top surface of the third pattern. 
     In some embodiments, forming the photosensitive layer pattern on the surface of the substrate may include: forming a photosensitive layer by coating a photosensitive resin on the surface of the substrate; and exposing and developing the photosensitive layer using a mask, wherein the mask may include a first semi-transmitting mask pattern corresponding to the sensor area, a second semi-transmitting mask pattern corresponding to the wiring area, and a mask pattern corresponding to the non-sensor area. 
     In some embodiments, the photosensitive resin may be a positive photosensitive resin and the mask pattern may be a light-blocking pattern. 
     In some embodiments, the metal layer may include any one of molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni), or an alloy thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects and features of the inventive concept will be more apparent when exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept are described with reference to the attached drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic plan view of a touch panel according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    is an enlarged plan view of portion P 1  of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is an enlarged plan view of portion P 2  of  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of the touch panel of  FIG.  2    taken along line IV-IV′. 
         FIGS.  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 , and  9    are cross-sectional views of the touch panel of  FIG.  4    at different stages of manufacture according to an exemplary method of manufacturing the touch panel. 
         FIG.  10    is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel according to another embodiment. 
         FIGS.  11 ,  12 ,  13 ,  14 , and  15    are cross-sectional views of the touch panel of  FIG.  10    at different stages of manufacture according to an exemplary method of manufacturing the touch panel. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Advantages and features of the inventive concept and methods of accomplishing the same may be understood more readily with reference to the following detailed description of certain embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The inventive concept may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is thorough and complete and fully convey the concept of the inventive concept to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. 
     The terminology used herein is for describing the embodiments and should not be construed in a limiting manner. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “connected to”, or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected, or coupled to the other element or layer, or with one or more intervening elements or layers being present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on”, “directly connected to”, or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by those terms. Those terms are merely used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section described below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s spatial relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     Embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures). As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, these embodiments should not be construed as being limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that may result, for example, from manufacturing. The regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic plan view of a touch panel according to an embodiment.  FIG.  2    is an enlarged plan view of portion P 1  of  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  3    is an enlarged plan view of portion P 2  of  FIG.  2   .  FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of the touch panel of  FIG.  2    taken along line IV-IV′. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  through  4   , a touch panel  1  according to an embodiment may include a substrate  100 , a plurality of sensing patterns  200 , and a plurality of wiring lines  270 . In some embodiments, the touch panel  1  may further include one or more first connectors  220 , insulating layer patterns  240 , one or more second connectors  250 , and a pad unit  290 . 
     The substrate  100  is a transparent substrate having a surface on which the sensing patterns  200  and the wiring lines  270  are placed. The substrate  100  may be made of an insulating material such as glass, plastic, silicon or synthetic resin. In some embodiments, the substrate  100  may be a flexible film. 
     The substrate  100  may include a sensor area SA, a wiring area WA, and a non-sensor area NSA, as illustrated in  FIG.  4   . The sensing patterns  200  are configured to sense a touch position of a hand or an object, and are located in the sensor area SA. Specifically, the sensing patterns  200  may be located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA. The first connectors  220 , the insulating layer patterns  240 , and the second connectors  250  may also be located in the sensor area SA. 
     The wiring lines  270  are electrically connected to the sensing patterns  200 , and are located in the wiring area WA. The wiring area WA may be located on a periphery of the surface of the substrate  100 . The pad unit  290  is connected to the wiring lines  270 . The wiring lines  270  and the pad unit  290  may be located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the wiring area WA. 
     In some embodiments, a driver circuit board (not illustrated) configured to drive the touch panel  1  may be electrically connected to the pad unit  290 . 
     The non-sensor area NSA may be defined as an area excluding the sensor area SA and the wiring area WA. The sensing patterns  200 , the first connectors  220 , the second connectors  250 , and the wiring lines  270  are not located in the non-sensor area NSA. 
     The sensing patterns  200  may be located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA. In an exemplary embodiment, the sensing patterns  200  may include a plurality of first sensing patterns  210  arranged in a first direction and a plurality of second sensing patterns  230  arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The first direction and the second direction may be oblique to each other, as illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     The first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230  may be located at a same level. When the first and second sensing patterns  210  and  230  are located at the same level, it means that the first and second sensing patterns  210  and  230  are co-located in a same layer. In some embodiments, the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230  may be formed directly on the surface of the substrate  100 . 
     The first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230  may be made of a conductive material. The conductive material may be a metal material with low resistivity. Accordingly, the conductive material may reduce the resistance between the sensing patterns  200  or the resistance between the sensing patterns  200  and the wiring lines  270 , thereby improving detection sensitivity. In some embodiments, the conductive material may include, but is not limited to, any one of molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni), or an alloy of any of the above metals. 
     In some embodiments, the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230  may be made of a same material in a same process. 
     Each of the first and second sensing patterns  210  and  230  may include a plurality of first fine metal lines arranged irregularly to form a mesh. 
     For example, referring to  FIG.  3   , a first sensing pattern  210  may include a plurality of first fine metal lines  210   a  arranged irregularly in a mesh and spaces  210   b  located between the first fine metal lines  210   a.    
     Since each of the first and second sensing patterns  210  and  230  comprises a mesh of the first fine metal lines  210   a , the shapes of the sensing patterns  200  will not be visible due to a difference in transmittance between an area with the sensing patterns  200  and an area without the sensing patterns  200 . In addition, the light transmittance of the touch panel  1  can be improved by using the mesh of first fine metal lines  210   a  for the first and second sensing patterns  210  and  230 . 
     In some embodiments, a photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 1  may be located in some of the spaces  210   b  between the first fine metal lines  210   a . The photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 1  may be made of a photosensitive resin. In an exemplary embodiment, the photosensitive resin may be a positive photosensitive resin. However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the photosensitive resin may be a negative photosensitive resin. 
     Adjacent first sensing patterns  210  arranged along the first direction may be connected to each other by the first connectors  220  located on the surface of the substrate  100 . 
     The first connectors  220  may be located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA. In some embodiments, the first connectors  220  may be located at the same level as the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 , and formed directly on the surface of the substrate  100 . 
     Similar to the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 , the first connectors  220  may also be made of a conductive material. In some embodiments, the first connectors  220  may be made of the same material as the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 , and may be formed in the same process as the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 . In some embodiments, the first connectors  220  may be formed integrally with the first sensing patterns  210 . 
     In some embodiments, each of the first connectors  220  may include a mesh of fine metal lines similar to those in the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 . For example, each of the first connectors  220  may include a plurality of fine metal lines arranged irregularly in a mesh. 
     The insulating layer patterns  240  may be located on the first connectors  220  covering the first connectors  220 . In some embodiments, the insulating layer patterns  240  may completely cover the first connectors  220 . In some embodiments, the insulating layer patterns  240  may be made of, but is not limited to, an organic insulating material. 
     The second connectors  250  may be located on the insulating layer patterns  240  intersecting the first connectors  220 . The second connectors  250  may electrically connect adjacent second sensing lines  230  arranged along the second direction. 
     The second connectors  250  may be made of a conductive material, and the conductive material may be a metal material with low resistivity. Examples of the conductive material are the same as those described above in the description of the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 , and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted. 
     The wiring lines  270  may be located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the wiring area WA. The wiring lines  270  may be electrically connected to the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 . In some embodiments, the wiring lines  270  may be directly connected to at least one of the sensing patterns  200  located on an outermost edge of the sensor area SA. 
     The wiring lines  270  may be located at the same level as the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 . In some embodiments, the wiring lines  270  may be formed directly on the surface of the substrate  100 . The wiring lines  270  may be made of a conductive material, and the conductive material may be a metal material with low resistivity. Examples of the conductive material are the same as those described above in the description of the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230 , and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted. 
     In some embodiments, the wiring lines  270  may be made of the same material as the first sensing patterns  210  and the second sensing patterns  230  in the same process. 
     Next, a method of manufacturing the touch panel  1  will be described. 
       FIGS.  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 , and  9    are cross-sectional views of the touch panel  1  of  FIG.  4    at different stages of manufacture according to an exemplary method of manufacturing the touch panel. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5  through  9   , a substrate  100  having a defined sensor area SA, a non-sensor area NSA, and a wiring area WA, is provided. As shown in  FIG.  5   , a photosensitive layer  11  is formed on a surface of the substrate  100 . The photosensitive layer  11  may be formed by spreading or coating a liquid photosensitive resin. The photosensitive layer  11  may be a positive photosensitive layer whereby its exposed portion can be removed by development. However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the photosensitive layer  11  may be a negative photosensitive layer whereby its unexposed portion can be removed by development. 
     After the photosensitive layer  11  is formed, a mask  800  is placed above the surface of the substrate  100 . The mask  800  may include a semi-transmitting mask pattern  810  corresponding to the sensor area SA, a first mask pattern  830  corresponding to the non-sensor area NSA, and a second mask pattern  850  corresponding to the wiring area WA. The semi-transmitting mask pattern  810  may be a halftone pattern or a slit pattern. If the photosensitive layer  11  is a positive photosensitive layer, the first mask pattern  830  may be a light-blocking pattern, and the second mask pattern  850  may be a light-transmitting pattern. For ease of description, an embodiment in which the photosensitive layer  11  is a positive photosensitive layer will be described herein as an example. However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, if the photosensitive layer  11  is a negative photosensitive layer, the first mask pattern  830  may be a light-transmitting pattern, and the second mask pattern  850  may be a light-blocking pattern. 
     The photosensitive layer  11  is exposed to light by irradiating ultraviolet (UV) light L (from above the substrate  100 ) to the substrate  100 . A portion of the photosensitive layer  11  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the wiring area WA is fully exposed, whereas a portion of the photosensitive layer  11  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA is partially exposed. In contrast, a portion of the photosensitive layer  11  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the non-sensor area NSA is not exposed. 
     The exposed portions of the photosensitive layer  11  are removed by a development process. As a result, a photosensitive layer pattern  110  including a first pattern  111  located in the sensor area SA and a second pattern  113  located in the non-sensor area NSA, is formed as illustrated in  FIG.  6   . As shown in  FIG.  6   , the photosensitive layer pattern  110  is not formed in the wiring area WA. 
     A thickness of the first pattern  111  may be less than a thickness of the second pattern  113 . For example, a height H 1  (measured from the surface of the substrate  100  to a top surface of the first pattern  111 ) may be less than a height H 2  (measured from the surface of the substrate  100  to a top surface of the second pattern  113 ). 
     Next, the photosensitive layer pattern  110  is dried, thereby forming gaps  111   b  in the first pattern  111 , as illustrated in  FIG.  7   . In other words, the dried first pattern  111  includes the gaps  111   b  and remaining patterns  111   a  between the gaps  111   b . To form the gaps  111   b , heat may be applied to the photosensitive layer pattern  110 , and physical impact (such as vibrations) may also be applied to the photosensitive layer pattern  110 . In addition, a chemical treatment process using an etchant may be performed to form the gaps  111   b . In some embodiments, the density and interval between the gaps  111   b  may be adjusted by controlling the temperature and duration of the heat treatment that is applied to the photosensitive layer pattern  110 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , a metal layer  20  is formed on the surface of the substrate  100  and the photosensitive layer pattern  110 . The metal layer  20  may be formed by sputtering, evaporation, an electrochemical solution process, electroplating, etc. 
     A portion of the metal layer  20  is deposited on the first pattern  111  and fills the gaps  111   b  to form a plurality of first fine metal lines  210   a . A portion of the metal layer  20  is deposited on the wiring area WA of the substrate  100  to form wiring lines  270 . Since the metal layer  20  is formed over the entire surface of the substrate  100 , a portion  230  of the metal layer  20  may be formed on the second pattern  113 . 
     When the first and second patterns  111  and  113  of the photosensitive layer pattern  110  are removed, the portion  230  of the metal layer  20  located on the second pattern  113  will be removed via a “lift-off” process. Accordingly, a touch panel including a wiring line  270  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the wiring area WA and a sensing pattern  210  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA is formed, as illustrated in  FIG.  9   . The sensing pattern  210  includes a mesh of the first fine metal lines  210   a  previously described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , spaces  210   b  are formed between the first fine metal lines  210   a . In some instances, some of the remaining patterns  111   a  may not be completely removed and may remain in some of the spaces  210   b . That is, the touch panel according to the above-described embodiment may have a photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 1  remaining in some of the spaces  210   b.    
     In some embodiments (not shown), the exemplary method described in  FIGS.  5  through  9    may further include forming an insulating layer pattern  240  (see, e.g.,  FIG.  4   ) and forming a second connector  250  (see, e.g.,  FIG.  2   ). 
     Using the exemplary method described in  FIGS.  5  through  9   , a mesh of sensing patterns can be formed. In addition, since sensing patterns and wiring lines can be formed simultaneously, the manufacturing process for the touch panel can be further simplified. 
       FIG.  10    is a cross-sectional view of a touch panel according to another embodiment. The touch panel of  FIG.  10    is similar to the touch panel of  FIG.  4    except for the structure of the wiring line. A repeated description of those similar elements will be omitted, and the following description shall focus on the differences between the embodiments of  FIGS.  4  and  10   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , a wiring line  270  may include a plurality of second fine metal lines  270   a  arranged irregularly to form a mesh and spaces  270   b  located between the second fine metal lines  270   a.    
     In some embodiments, a photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 2  may be located in some of the spaces  270   b  between the second fine metal lines  270   a . The photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 2  may be made of a photosensitive resin. In an exemplary embodiment, the photosensitive resin may be a positive photosensitive resin. However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the photosensitive resin may be a negative photosensitive resin. A photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 1  may be located in a sensor area SA. The photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 2  located in a wiring area WA may be made of the same material as the photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 1  located in the sensor area SA. 
       FIGS.  11 ,  12 ,  13 ,  14 , and  15    are cross-sectional views of the touch panel of  FIG.  10    at different stages of manufacture according to an exemplary method of manufacturing the touch panel. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  11  through  15   , a substrate  100  having a defined sensor area SA, a non-sensor area NSA, and a wiring area WA, is provided. As shown in  FIG.  11   , a photosensitive layer  11  is formed on a surface of the substrate  100 . The photosensitive layer  11  may be formed by spreading or coating a liquid photosensitive resin. The photosensitive layer  11  may be a positive photosensitive layer, but the inventive concept is not limited thereto. As previously described with reference to  FIGS.  4  through  9   , the photosensitive layer  11  may be a negative photosensitive layer in some other embodiments. 
     After the photosensitive layer  11  is formed, a mask  900  is placed above the surface of the substrate  100 . The mask  900  may include a first semi-transmitting mask pattern  910  corresponding to the sensor area SA, a mask pattern  930  corresponding to the non-sensor area NSA, and a second semi-transmitting mask pattern  950  corresponding to the wiring area WA. Each of the first semi-transmitting mask pattern  910  and the second semi-transmitting mask pattern  950  may be a halftone pattern or a slit pattern. 
     If the photosensitive layer  11  is a positive photosensitive layer, the mask pattern  930  may be a light-blocking pattern. For ease of description, an embodiment in which the photosensitive layer  11  is a positive photosensitive layer will be herein described as an example. However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, if the photosensitive layer  11  is a negative photosensitive layer, the mask pattern  930  may be a light-transmitting pattern. 
     The photosensitive layer  11  is exposed to light by irradiating UV light L to the substrate  100  (from above the substrate  100 ). A portion of the photosensitive layer  11  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the wiring area WA and a portion of the photosensitive layer  11  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA are partially exposed. In addition, a portion of the photosensitive layer  11  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the non-sensor area NSA is not exposed. 
     The exposed portions of the photosensitive layer  11  are removed by a development process. As a result, a photosensitive layer pattern  110  including a first pattern  111  located in the sensor area SA, a second pattern  113  located in the non-sensor area NSA, and a third pattern  115  located in the wiring area WA, is formed as illustrated in  FIG.  12   . 
     A thickness of the first pattern  111  may be less than a thickness of the second pattern  113 . For example, a height H 1  (measured from the surface of the substrate  100  to a top surface of the first pattern  111 ) may be less than a height H 2  (measured from the surface of the substrate  100  to a top surface of the second pattern  113 ). 
     In addition, a thickness of the third pattern  115  may be less than a thickness of the second pattern  113 . For example, a height H 3  (measured from the surface of the substrate  100  to a top surface of the third pattern  115 ) may be less than the height H 2  (measured from the surface of the substrate  100  to the top surface of the second pattern  113 ). 
     Next, the photosensitive layer pattern  110  is dried, thereby forming gaps  111   b  in the first pattern  111  and gaps  115   b  in the third pattern  115 , as illustrated in  FIG.  13   . In other words, the dried first pattern  111  includes the gaps  111   b  and remaining patterns  111   a  between the gaps  111   b , and the third pattern  115  includes the gaps  115   b  and remaining patterns  115   a  between the gaps  115   b . To form the gaps  111   b  and  115   b , heat may be applied to the photosensitive layer pattern  110 , and physical impact (such as vibrations) may be applied to the photosensitive layer pattern  110 . In addition, a chemical treatment process using an etchant may be performed to form the gaps  111   b  and  115   b . In some embodiments, the density and interval between the gaps  111   b  and  115   b  may be adjusted by controlling the temperature and duration of the heat treatment that is applied to the photosensitive layer pattern  110 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  14   , a metal layer  20  is formed on the surface of the substrate  100  and the photosensitive layer pattern  110 . 
     A portion of the metal layer  20  is deposited on the first pattern  111  and fills the gaps  111   b  to form a plurality of first fine metal lines  210   a . Also, a portion of the metal layer  20  is deposited on the third pattern  115  and fills the gaps  115   b  to form a plurality of second fine metal lines  270   a . Since the metal layer  20  is formed over the entire surface of the substrate  100 , a portion  230  of the metal layer  20  is formed on the second pattern  113 . 
     When the first, second, and third patterns  111 ,  113 , and  115  of the photosensitive layer pattern  110  are removed, the portion  230  of the metal layer  20  located on the second pattern  113  will be removed via a “lift-off” process. Accordingly, a touch panel including a wiring line  270  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the wiring area WA and a sensing pattern  210  located on the surface of the substrate  100  in the sensor area SA, is formed as illustrated in  FIG.  15   . The sensing pattern  210  includes a mesh of the first fine metal lines  210  previously described with reference to  FIGS.  1  through  4   . Also, the wiring line  270  includes a mesh of the second fine metal lines  270   a  previously described with reference to  FIG.  10   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  15   , spaces  210   b  are formed between the first fine metal lines  210   a . In some instances, some of the remaining patterns  111   a  may not be completely removed and may remain in some of the spaces  210   b . Specifically, part of the first pattern  111  may remain in some of the spaces  210   b  as a photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 1 . 
     Likewise, spaces  270   b  are formed between the second fine metal lines  270   a . In some instances, some of the remaining patterns  115   a  may not be completely removed and may remain in some of the spaces  270   b . Specifically, part of the third pattern  115  may remain in some of the spaces  270   b  as a photosensitive layer pattern residue Q 2 . 
     In some embodiments (not shown), the exemplary method described in  FIGS.  5  through  9    may further include forming an insulating layer pattern  240  (see, e.g.,  FIG.  4   ) and forming a second connector  250  (see, e.g.,  FIG.  2   ). 
     A touch panel having improved detection sensitivity and transmittance, and a method of manufacturing the touch panel, are disclosed in the above embodiments. 
     While the inventive concept has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that various changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept.