Patent Publication Number: US-2003227369-A1

Title: Rotary sensor with high reliability in contact between terminals and electrodes

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001] 1. Field of the Invention  
       [0002] The present invention relates to a rotary sensor and, more particularly, to a rotary sensor capable of performing highly accurate detection of a rotational angle or a rotational speed or the like transmitted from outside.  
       [0003] 2. Description of the Related Art  
       [0004] A conventional rotary sensor will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the conventional rotary sensor, FIG. 20 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section of a circuit member, an output terminal and an intermediate terminal for the conventional rotary sensor, and FIG. 21 is an enlarged perspective view showing the intermediate terminal for the conventional rotary sensor.  
       [0005] A conventional rotary sensor  21  is adapted to take out the rotational angle of a shaft  41  in terms of an electrical signal, as shown in FIG. 19. The rotary sensor  21  has a circuit member  22  having an electric circuit for converting the rotational angle into an electrical resistance value, an output terminal  23  for connecting the rotary sensor  21  with an external source, and an intermediate terminal  24  for electrically connecting the circuit member  22  with the output terminal  23 .  
       [0006] The intermediate terminal  24  has a main body  25  for constituting a conducting portion, and a retaining portion  26  for locking onto the circuit member  22 . As shown in FIG. 21, the main body  25  of the intermediate terminal  24  is formed of an elastic, deformable material, such as phosphor bronze, and constructed so that the elastic resetting force produced from its contraction establishes electrical conduction by pressure-contact with both an electrode  22   a  for drawing signals from the electrical circuit and the output terminal  23 , as shown in FIG. 20. The retaining portion  26  is provided with a projection  26   a  to be inserted into an engaging hole  22   a  formed in the circuit member  22 .  
       [0007] The projection  26   a  has a portion that penetrates the engaging hole  22   a,  and the penetrating portion has a locking hook  26   b  that elastically deforms, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. The locking hook  26   b  restores its original shape after penetrating the engaging hole  22   a.  As shown in FIG. 20, when the locking hook  26   b  restores its original shape, it abuts against the edge of the engaging hole  22   a  so as to prevent the projection  26   a  from slipping off. At this time, the projection  26   a  penetrates the engaging hole  22   a  with a predetermined gap or clearance.  
       [0008] A drawing electrode  22   c  is formed to be extremely thin on the circuit substrate  22   b.  The main body  25  of the intermediate terminal  24  has a planar surface  25   a  in contact with the thin electrode  22   c.    
       [0009] More specifically, the intermediate terminal  24  is disposed to sandwich the circuit member  22  in the direction of its plate thickness with the locking hook  26   b  of the engaging portion  26  and the planar surface  25   a.    
       [0010] In the conventional rotary sensor  21 , a circuit substrate  22   b  having a resistor pattern surface and a rotor  28  having a slider  27  in slide contact with the resistor pattern surface are disposed to oppose each other in a housing  29 .  
       [0011] The rotor  28  is coupled to a shaft  41  through the intermediary of a lever  42 , so that the shaft  41  of the rotary sensor  21  rotates as a driving shaft of a throttle valve (not shown) rotates. The slider  27  slides on the resistors of the resistor pattern surface to change the resistance value between itself and the output terminal  23  on the basis of a rotational amount.  
       [0012] A cover  43  is disposed to cover one open end of the housing  29 . Furthermore, the main body  25  of the intermediate terminal  24  has a projecting portion  25   b  at the portion to be in contact with the output terminal  23 . The projecting portion  25   b  secures the contact with the output terminal  23 .  
       [0013] The following will explain a case where the rotary sensor is used with a vehicle, such as a two-wheeled vehicle or a motorbike. The rotary sensor is disposed in the vicinity of a combustion chamber of a drive engine. Thus, when the drive engine is driven or started, the heat from the combustion chamber is transmitted to the rotary sensor, heating the rotary sensor to a considerably high temperature (e.g., about 100° C.).  
       [0014] If the vehicle is left outdoors during a coldest season in a cold area with its drive engine stopped, the rotary sensor may become considerably cold due to a cold ambient air (e.g., about −20° C.).  
       [0015] Therefore, the rotary sensor is required to guarantee a wide operating temperature range (e.g., from −40° C. to +150° C.).  
       [0016] The descriptions will now be given of the expansion and contraction of the configurations of mainly the circuit member  22 , the output terminal  23 , the intermediate terminal  24  that make up the rotary sensor  21 , the expansion and contraction being caused by changes in the operating temperature of the conventional rotary sensor.  
       [0017] The amounts of expansion and contraction of the circuit member  22 , the output terminal  23  and the intermediate terminal  24  differ because of different temperature expansion coefficients of their constituents in hot or cold environments.  
       [0018] Hence, the relative positional relationship between the circuit member  22  and the output terminal  23  in the direction of plate surfaces thereof may be disturbed by the expansion or contraction attributable to temperature changes in the constituents. This causes the projection  26   a  to incline with respect to the circuit member  22  in the engaging hole  22   a  since the engaging portion  26  of the intermediate terminal  24  penetrating the engaging hole  22   a  of the circuit member  22  is disposed with the predetermined clearance in the engaging hole  22   a.  The projection  26   a  inclines longitudinally or laterally, the supporting point being the point of the locking hook  26   b  at which the locking hook  26   b  is in contact with the circuit member  22 . The inclination causes the planar surface  25   a  of the intermediate terminal  24  positioned on the opposite surface from the supporting point to slide on the electrode  22   c.    
       [0019] As described above, in the conventional rotary sensor, the constituents of the rotary sensor repeatedly expand and contract in response to high and low temperatures. Each time the expansion or contraction occurs, the planar surface  25   a  of the intermediate terminal  24  slides on the thin electrode  22   c.  The repeated sliding movement of the planar surface  25   a  on the electrode  22   c  tends to wear the electrode  22   c  in some cases, leading to a problem of unstable electrical conduction between the intermediate terminal  24  and the electrode  22   c.    
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020] Accordingly, the present invention has been made with a view toward solving the problem described above, and it is an object of the invention to provide a rotary sensor capable of maintaining stable electrical connection for an extended period of time.  
       [0021] One aspect of the present invention provides a rotary sensor equipped with a housing, a lead-out terminal that is made integral with the housing and has an internal terminal and an external terminal, an output detection member accommodated in the housing, and an intermediate terminal for electrically connecting the lead-out terminal and the output detection member, wherein the output detection member is formed of an insulating board having an electrode on its surface, a retaining portion being formed on the insulating board, the intermediate terminal is formed of a single sheet of elastic metal constituent, and has a pair of mounting portions provided on both ends thereof and a first contact portion and a second contact portion provided between the pair of mounting portions, the intermediate terminal is secured to the retaining portion by the pair of mounting portions such that it sandwiches the insulating board in the direction of its surfaces, the output detection member with the intermediate terminal secured thereto is accommodated in the housing, and the first contact portion is in resilient contact with the internal terminal and the second contact portion is in resilient contact with the electrode.  
       [0022] With this arrangement, the intermediate terminal is secured by the pair of mounting portions clamping the insulating board in the lengthwise direction, so that the intermediate terminal is positioned to be stably disposed on the insulating board. Moreover, the rotary sensor has a wide guaranteed operating temperature range (high temperature), and even if the components making up the rotary sensor expand or contract at high or low temperatures, the second contact portion of the intermediate terminal remains in stable resilient contact with the electrode on the insulating board. This makes it possible to provide a rotary sensor capable of maintaining stable electrical connection between the second contact portion and the electrode for a long time.  
       [0023] Preferably, the intermediate terminal has an arcuate first contact portion provided at the center thereof and a pair of second contact portions provided on both sides of the first contact portion.  
       [0024] With this arrangement, the first contact portion and the second contact portions of the intermediate terminal are formed at laterally symmetrical positions, so that the intermediate terminal can be installed on an insulating board or a resistor board without the restrictions on the orientation of the intermediate terminal. This permits easy assembly.  
       [0025] Preferably, the retaining portion of the insulating board is a through hole, and the mounting portion of the intermediate terminal is locked in the through hole.  
       [0026] This arrangement allows a predetermined through hole to be formed in the insulating board or the resistor board, so that an inexpensive rotary sensor can be provided.  
       [0027] Preferably, a free end of the mounting portion of the intermediate terminal does not protrude outward beyond the surface opposing the surface on which the electrode of the insulating board has been provided.  
       [0028] This arrangement makes it possible to provide a rotary sensor that allows reliable insulation of the free end of the mounting portion of the intermediate terminal providing a current carrying portion.  
       [0029] Preferably, the output detection member detects a rotational angle.  
       [0030] This arrangement makes it possible to provide a rotary sensor that rotates in synchronization with the drive shaft of the throttle valve (not shown), permitting stable detection of the rotational angle of the drive shaft to be accomplished for a prolonged time.  
       [0031] Another aspect of the present invention provides a rotary sensor equipped with a housing, a lead-out terminal that is made integral with the housing and includes an internal terminal and an external terminal, an output detection member accommodated in the housing, and an intermediate terminal for electrically connecting the lead-out terminal and the output detection member, wherein the output detection member is formed of an insulating board having an electrode on its surface, the intermediate terminal is formed of a single sheet of elastic metal constituent, and has a first contact portion, a second contact portion, and a projection that is provided on the second contact portion and cuts into the electrode, the output detection member secured to the electrode by projections of the intermediate terminal is accommodated in the housing, and the first contact portion is in resilient contact with the internal terminal and the second contact portion is in resilient contact with the electrode.  
       [0032] According to this arrangement, the intermediate terminal is secured to the electrode by the projection, so that the intermediate terminal is positioned to be stably disposed on the insulating board. Moreover, the rotary sensor has a wide guaranteed operating temperature range (high temperature), and even if the components making up the rotary sensor expand or contract at high or low temperatures, the second contact portion of the intermediate terminal remains in stable resilient contact with the electrode on the insulating board. This makes it possible to provide a rotary sensor capable of maintaining stable electrical connection between the second contact portion and the electrode for a long time.  
       [0033] Preferably, the intermediate terminal has an arcuate first contact portion provided at the center thereof and a pair of second contact portions provided on both sides of the first contact portion, and at least one of the second contact portions is provided with a projection cutting into the electrode.  
       [0034] With this arrangement, the first contact portion and the second contact portions of the intermediate terminal are formed at laterally symmetrical positions, so that the intermediate terminal can be installed on an insulating board or a resistor board without the restrictions on the orientation of the intermediate terminal. This permits easy assembly. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0035]FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0036]FIG. 2 is a top plan view showing the embodiment of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0037]FIG. 3 is a first assembly view showing the embodiment of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0038]FIG. 4 is a second assembly view showing the embodiment of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0039]FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing embodiments of a rotor and a cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0040]FIG. 6 is a top plan view showing an embodiment of a resistor board for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0041]FIG. 7 is a top plan view showing embodiments of the resistor board and an intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0042]FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing the embodiments of the resistor board and an intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0043]FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0044]FIG. 10 is a top plan view showing the embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0045]FIG. 11 is a side view showing the embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0046]FIG. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing a second embodiment of the rotor and the cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0047]FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing a third embodiment of the rotor and the cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0048]FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an essential section showing a second embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0049]FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an essential section showing a third embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0050]FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0051]FIG. 17 is a top plan view showing the fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0052]FIG. 18 is a front view showing the fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention;  
     [0053]FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a conventional rotary sensor;  
     [0054]FIG. 20 is an enlarged sectional view showing a circuit member, an output terminal and an intermediate terminal for the conventional rotary sensor; and  
     [0055]FIG. 21 is an enlarged perspective view showing the intermediate terminal for the conventional rotary sensor. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     [0056] A rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
     [0057]FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 2 is a top plan view showing the embodiment of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 3 is a first assembly view showing the embodiment of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 4 is a second assembly view showing the embodiment of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing embodiments of a rotor and a cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 6 is a top plan view showing an embodiment of a resistor board for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 7 is a top plan view showing embodiments of the resistor board and an intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing the embodiments of the resistor board and an intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 10 is a top plan view showing the embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention; and FIG. 11 is a side view showing the embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0058] Referring to FIG. 1 through FIG. 4, the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention is constructed of a rotor  3  having an engaging portion  3   b  with which a driving shaft (not shown) of a throttle shaft of a vehicle is engaged, a housing  1  rotatably supporting the rotor  3 , a cover  9  covering an open end of the housing  1 , and an angle detection member (output detection member) that is accommodated in the housing  1 , operated by the revolution of the rotor  3 , and constructed primarily of a slider assembly  10 , a resistor pattern  4   b  and a collector pattern  4   c.  In FIG. 3, the resistor pattern  4   b  and the collector pattern  4   c  are not shown.  
     [0059] Referring to FIG. 1 through FIG. 4, the housing  1  is made of a synthetic resin material, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and formed by molding. The housing  1  has a small-diameter hole  1   a  provided in one end surface thereof, a large-diameter recessed portion  1   b  provided consecutively to the small-diameter hole  1   a,  an accommodating portion  1   c  provided consecutively to the large-diameter recessed portion  1   b,  and a lead-out portion  1   e  projecting outward in the direction orthogonal with respect to the axis of a part of a side wall  1   d  of the large-diameter recessed portion  1   b.    
     [0060] Under the accommodating portion  1   c  in the drawing, that is, in the other end surface of the housing  1 , an open end portion  1   f  is formed. Thus, the housing  1  has free ends, one end surface having the small-diameter hole  1   a  and the other end surface having the open end portion  1   f.    
     [0061] The distal end surface adjacent to the open end portion  1   f  is provided with an annular groove  1   m.    
     [0062] The small-diameter hole  1   a  is equipped with an annular jaw  1   g  jutting out inward at a predetermined location, an annular stepped portion  1   h  provided at the distal end, and a pair of opposing protuberances  1   j  provided on the distal end surface.  
     [0063] The lead-out portion  1   e  has a substantially rectangular hollow portion  1   k  substantially at the center thereof.  
     [0064] A lead-out terminal  2  is formed of an electrically conductive metal material, such as brass, and formed by press working. The section of the lead-out terminal  2  has a stepped configuration and is formed of an internal pin  2   a  on one end thereof, an external pin  2   b  on the other end thereof and a connecting portion  2   c  for connecting the internal pin  2   a  and the external pin  2   b.    
     [0065] The lead-out terminal  2  is provided in the lead-out portion  1   e  of the housing  1  by insert molding so as to be formed into one piece. The lead-out terminal  2  is formed to be relatively thick with a predetermined dimension.  
     [0066] At this time, the internal pin  2   a  of the lead-out terminal  2  is disposed with one surface thereof exposed in the accommodating portion  1   c  of the housing  1 , while the external pin  2   b  is disposed such that it juts out in the hollow portion  1   k.    
     [0067] The rotor  3  is made of a synthetic resin material, such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and formed by molding. The rotor  3  has a substantially discoid base  3   a,  an engaging portion  3   b  that is positioned before the base  3   a  and protrudes, a shaft  3   c  that is positioned at the opposite rear side, provided at the rotative center of the rotor  3  and extended in the direction of the rotative axis, i.e., outward, and a substantially annular wall  3   d  provided on the outer periphery of the base  3   a.  The engaging portion  3   b  and the shaft  3   c  are provided such that they jut outward from the base  3   a.    
     [0068] The shaft  3   c  protrudes from the base  3   a  in the direction of the rotative axis, i.e., outward, and has a columnar main shaft  3   e  and a substantially conical shaft support  3   f  provided as a protuberant portion at the distal end of the main shaft  3   e.  The shaft support  3   f  is shaped so as to have a section of a predetermined angle (e.g., about 90 degrees). This predetermined angle is (e.g., 90 degrees) decided to permit easy machining.  
     [0069] The diameter of the outer periphery of the engaging portion  3   b  is set to be slightly smaller than that of the small-diameter hole  1   a  so as to secure a space that allows the rotor  3  to incline.  
     [0070] A driving shaft (not shown) is engaged with the engaging portion  3   b.  The driving shaft is adapted to rotate in a reciprocating motion within a predetermined range of rotational angle.  
     [0071] The engaging portion  3   b  of the rotor  3  is inserted into the small-diameter hole  1   a  of the housing  1 , while the base  3   a  of the rotor  3  is housed in the accommodating portion  1   c  of the housing  1 .  
     [0072] Furthermore, the slider assembly  10  made of a metallic plate and formed by pressing is fixed by an appropriate means, such as heat swaging, below the bottom surface (adjacent to the shaft  3   c ) of the base  3   a  of the rotor  3 , as shown in FIG. 1. The slider assembly  10  constitutes a part of a member making up the angle detection member or the output detection member.  
     [0073] As shown in FIG. 6, a resistor substrate  4  serving as the insulating board is made of, for example, a synthetic resin material. The resistor substrate  4  has a plate-shaped insulating base  4   a,  a resistor pattern  4   b  provided to be relatively thin by, for example, printing, on one surface of the insulating base  4   a,  a conductor pattern  4   c,  a through hole  4   d  provided substantially at the center of the insulating base  4   a,  and three rectangular mounting holes  4   e  (through holes) formed at the ends of the resistor pattern  4   b  on the insulating base  4   a  and the conductor pattern  4   c.  The resistor substrate  4  further has three rectangular first cuts  4   f  that oppose the mounting holes  4   e  and are provided in one end portion of the insulating base  4   a,  and a pair of rectangular second cuts  4   g  provided in opposing two ends of the insulating base  4   a.    
     [0074] The resistor substrate  4  further includes three electrodes  4   h  that are provided at the lower side of the insulating base  4   a,  as shown in FIG. 6, electrically connected to the resistor pattern  4   b  and the conductor pattern  4   c,  and formed to be relatively thin. The middle one of electrodes  4   h  is connected to the conductor pattern  4   c,  and the electrodes  4   h  sandwiching the middle electrode  4   h  are, connected to both ends of the resistor pattern  4   b.    
     [0075] The rectangular, mounting holes  4   e  are formed in the electrodes  4   h,  and the cuts  4   f  are formed at the distal ends of the electrodes  4   h.    
     [0076] The resistor pattern  4   b  and the conductor pattern  4   c  are respectively formed like fans around the through hole  4   d,  the resistor pattern  4   b  being on the outer side and the conductor pattern  4   c  being on the inner side.  
     [0077] The resistor pattern.  4   b  and the conductor pattern  4   c  constitute a part of the member making up the angle detection member or the output detection member.  
     [0078] The resistor substrate  4  (insulating board) is placed on the stepped portion (not shown) provided on the edge, which is adjacent to the open end portion  1   f,  of the accommodating portion  1   c  of the housing  1 , and retained by heat-swaging a part of the housing  1 , then placed in the accommodating portion  1   c.  At this time, the distal end of the shaft  3   c  of the rotor  3  is fitted in the through hole  4   d  of the insulating base  4   a  of the resistor substrate  4 , beyond one surface of the insulating base  4   a.    
     [0079] The slider assembly  10  is disposed such that it can be brought in slidable contact with the resistor pattern  4   b  and the conductor pattern  4   c  of the resistor substrate  4 .  
     [0080] Referring now to FIG. 9 through FIG. 11, an intermediate terminal  5  is made of an elastic conductive metal constituent and formed by pressing. The intermediate terminal  5  has a first contact portion  5   a  that is provided at the center and has an arcuate section, second contact portions  5   b  that are extended outward from both ends of the first contact portion  5   a  and bulged in the opposite direction from the first contact portion  5   a  and has an arcuate section, and a pair of mounting portions  5   c  extended at a predetermined acute angle from the ends of the second contact portions  5   b.    
     [0081] The first contact portion  5   a  and the second contact portions  5   b  form a substantially undulate shape. In short, the intermediate terminal  5  has the pair of mounting portions  5   c  provided at both ends, the first contact portion  5   a  and the second contact portions  5   b  that are substantially undulate and provided between the paired mounting portions  5   c.    
     [0082] To make the intermediate terminal  5  by pressing, it is punched out from the arcuate apex of the first contact portion  5   a.  The punching out sometimes produces small serrate edges known as burrs (not shown), which extend in the direction in which the mounting portions  5   c  extend, on both widthwise edges of the first and second contact portions  5   a  and  5   b  of the intermediate terminal  5 .  
     [0083] As shown in FIG. 8, one mounting portion  5   c  of the intermediate terminal  5  is inserted in the mounting hole  4   e  of the resistor substrate  4 , while the other mounting portion  5   c  is positioned in the first cut  4   f.  The intermediate terminal  5  is installed by the pair of mounting portions  5   c  provided at the acute angle such that it clamps the resistor substrate  4 . At this time, the free ends of the pair of mounting portions  5   c  are positioned so that they do not jut outward beyond the back surface of the resistor substrate  4 , the back surface opposing the surface on which the electrodes  4   h  are mounted.  
     [0084] In this state, the apexes of the pair of second contact portions  5   b  comes in resilient contact with the electrodes  4   h  to make electrical connection between the second contact portions  5   b  and the electrodes  4   h.  Since the apexes of the second contact portions  5   b  have very small burrs (not shown), as mentioned above, the burrs dig into the surface of the electrodes  4   h  so as to ensure further secure electrical and mechanical connection.  
     [0085] Similarly, in this state, the apex of the first contact portion  5   a  comes in resilient contact with the exposed surface of the internal pin  2   a  of the lead-out terminal  2  so as to make electrical connection between the first contact portion  5   a  and the lead-out terminal  2 .  
     [0086] In other words, the electrodes  4   h  are electrically connected with the lead-out terminal  2  through the intermediate terminal  5 .  
     [0087] Referring back to FIG. 3, a first elastic member  6  is made of a metal material, such as stainless steel, and formed by pressing. The first elastic member  6  is annular and has a plurality of (e.g., three) crests (not shown) and roots (not shown) that are alternately provided. The first elastic member  6  constitutes a “wave washer” or spring washer.  
     [0088] The first elastic member  6  is disposed on the base  3   a  of the rotor  3  and sandwiched between the base  3   a  and the small-diameter hole  1   a  of the housing  1 . The first elastic member  6  applies pressure to the rotor  3  downward in FIG. 1.  
     [0089] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a second elastic member  7  is a coil spring made of, for example, a spiral string metal constituent, and has U-shaped mounting portions  7   a  on its both ends.  
     [0090] The second elastic member  7  is mounted by its one mounting portion  7   a  installed in the large-diameter recessed portion  1   b  of the housing  1  by an appropriate means, and the other mounting portion  7   a  installed on the base  3   a  of the rotor  3  by an appropriate means while the second elastic member  7  being in a flexed state.  
     [0091] In this state, the rotor  3  is rotatively urged clockwise or counterclockwise by the torque or twisting force of the second elastic member  7 .  
     [0092] A third elastic member  8  is made of, for example, a rubber constituent, and formed into an approximately annular shape, and constructed of an arcuate portion  8   a  and a U-shaped portion  8   b  extending from the arcuate portion  8   a,  as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.  
     [0093] The third elastic member  8  is press-fitted into the groove  1   m  of the housing  1 .  
     [0094] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a cover  9  is made of a metal plate constituent and formed by pressing. The cover  9  has a substantially plate-shaped covering portion  9   a,  a conical first recessed portion  9   b  provided substantially at the center of the covering portion  9   a,  a second rectangular recessed portion  9   c  provided at a predetermined end of the covering portion  9   a,  and a plurality of (e.g., four) notches  9   d  provided at predetermined locations of the outer periphery of the covering portion  9   a.    
     [0095] The first recessed portion  9   b  is formed by ejecting with, for example, a conical punching metal mold so as to have a section of a predetermined angle (e.g., about 94 degrees).  
     [0096] When the punching metal mold is used for the ejecting work, the punching metal mold is abutted against the inner surface of the recessed portion, whereas the jutting side is not abutted against the metal mold. This allows the conical inner surface of the recessed portion  9   b  to be formed into a predetermined shape with high accuracy.  
     [0097] The cover  9  is disposed to hermetically close the free end portion  1   f  of the housing  1 , as shown in FIG. 1. To hermetically close the free end portion  1   f  by the cover  9 , mounting portions  1   n  formed on the outer periphery of the free end portion  1   f  are positioned in the notches  9   d  of the cover  9 , then the full periphery of the free end portion  1   f  of the housing  1  is deformed by heat swaging or the like from the state shown in FIG. 1. The cover  9  is installed to the housing  1  by the deformed mounting portions  1   n.    
     [0098] In the aforesaid state, the third elastic member  8 , which has been press-fitted in the groove  1   m  of the housing  1  is abutted in an elastically deformed state against one surface in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the cover  9 . The elastically deformed third elastic member  8  in contact under pressure hermetically closes the free end portion  1   f  by the cover  9 .  
     [0099] In this state, a substantially conical shaft support  3   f  of the shaft  3   c  that is provided at the rotative center of the rotor  3  is disposed in the first recessed portion  9   b  of the cover  9 , as shown in FIG. 5. The shaft support  3   f  disposed in the first recessed portion  9   b  allows the rotor  3  to rotated about the shaft  3   c.    
     [0100] The angle of the section of the first recessed portion  9   b  is set at a predetermined angle (e.g., about 94 degrees) that is slightly larger than the angle of the section of the substantially conical shaft support  3   f,  so that the shaft support  3   f  can be slightly inclined in the first recessed portion  9   b.  This means that the first recessed portion  9   b  and the shaft support  3   f  constitute a pivotal mechanism.  
     [0101] Accordingly, even if the drive shaft is eccentrically installed to the engaging portion  3   b,  the relative dislocation of the slider assembly  10  in relation to the resistor pattern  4   b  can be restrained, as compared with the case where the rotor  3  moves in parallel.  
     [0102] In this state, as shown in FIG. 1, a pair of mounting portions  5   c  of the intermediate terminal  5  is disposed at the position opposing the second recessed portion  9   c  of the cover  9 . The second recessed portion  9   c  provides further secure electrical isolation or non-conduction between the cover  9  made of a metal material and the pair of mounting portions  5   c  of the intermediate terminal  5 .  
     [0103] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the slider assembly  10  is formed of an elastic metal material, such as phosphor bronze, and formed by pressing. The slider assembly  10  has a substantially rectangular base portion  10   a,  a plurality of sliders  10   b  extended from an end of the base portion  10   a  and an insertion hole  10   c  provided at a predetermined location of the base portion  10   a.    
     [0104] The slider assembly  10  is secured to a predetermined location of the base  3   a  of the rotor  3  by an appropriate means, such as heat swaging. The plurality of sliders  10   b  is disposed such that it slides on the resistor pattern  4   b  and the conductor pattern  4   c  of the resistor substrate  4 . At this time, the shaft  3   c  of the rotor  3  is inserted in the insertion hole  10   c.    
     [0105] A fourth elastic member  11  is made of, for example, a rubber constituent, and formed into an approximately annular shape. The fourth elastic member  11  is rested on an annular jaw  1   g  of the housing  1 . The outer periphery of the fourth elastic member  11  is in resilient contact in the small-diameter hole  1   a,  and the inner periphery of the fourth elastic member  11  is in resilient contact with the engaging portion  3   b  of the rotor  3 .  
     [0106] In short, the fourth elastic member  11  is resiliently disposed between the housing  1  and the rotor  3  to hermetically close the gap between the housing  1  and the rotor  3 .  
     [0107] A fifth elastic member  12  is made of, for example, a rubber constituent, and formed into an approximately annular shape. The fifth elastic member  12  is disposed on an annular stepped portion  1   h  of the housing  1 , and in resilient contact with a side wall of the annular stepped portion  1   h.    
     [0108] In this state, the outside diameter of the fifth elastic member  12  is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the annular stepped portion  1   h.    
     [0109] Thus, the fifth elastic member  12  is disposed such that, when the engaging hole of a retaining member (not shown) of the drive shaft (not shown) of the throttle valve is press-fitted to the outer periphery of the fifth elastic member  12 , although it is not shown, the fifth elastic member  12  is pressed into contact with the engaging hole of the retaining member (not shown) so as to prevent dust or water from entering.  
     [0110] A stopper  13  is made of a metal plate constituent and formed by pressing. The stopper  13  has an annular stopping portion  13   a  and a pair of through holes  13   b  provided at predetermined locations of the stopping portion  13   a,  the through holes  13   b  opposing each other.  
     [0111] To fix the stopper  13 , the pair of protuberances  1   j  of the housing  1  is inserted in the pair of through holes  13   b  and secured to the distal end surface of the small-diameter hole  1   a  by, for example, heat swaging.  
     [0112] The secured stopper  13  prevents the fifth elastic member  12  from coming off the housing  1 .  
     [0113] In this state, the outside diameter of the stopper  13  is set to be slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the fifth elastic member  12 . This makes it possible to dispose the stopper  13  in the engaging hole of a retaining member (not shown) of the drive shaft (not shown) of the throttle valve.  
     [0114] In the embodiment described above, the shaft  3   c  of the rotor  3 , which is a projection, is formed to have a predetermined angle (e.g., about 90 degrees), and the recessed portion  9   c  of the cover  9  is formed to have a predetermined angle (e.g., about 94 degrees) that is slightly larger than the angle of the shaft  3   c.  These angles, however, are not limited to the foregoing values; they may of course be set to substantially the same angle or the respective angles may be set to different angles from the above.  
     [0115] The operation of the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention will now be described.  
     [0116] As previously mentioned, the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention is operated by engaging a drive shaft, such as a vehicular throttle shaft (not shown) with the engaging portion  3   b  of the rotor  3 .  
     [0117] First, when the drive shaft, such as a throttle shaft, (not shown), is rotated counterclockwise, the engaging portion  3   b  engaged with the drive shaft rotates counterclockwise against the torque or twisting force of the second elastic member  7 .  
     [0118] As the engaging portion  3   b  of the rotor  3  rotates, the slider assembly  10  secured to the base  3   a  of the rotor  3  rotates counterclockwise within a predetermined range of rotational angle. At this time, the slider assembly  10  slides on the resistor pattern  4   b  and the conductor pattern  4   c  of the resistor substrate  4 , and a predetermined resistance value from the resistor pattern  4   b  is output from the lead-out terminal  2  via the intermediate terminal  5 .  
     [0119] Then, when the torque for rotating the drive shaft (not shown) counterclockwise is cleared, the torque or twisting force for self-resetting of the second elastic member  7  causes the rotor  3  to rotate clockwise so as to reset the drive shaft (not shown) at its home position. In this case also, a predetermined resistance value from the resistor pattern  4   b  is output from the lead-out terminal  2  via the intermediate terminal  5 .  
     [0120] The descriptions will now be given of the expansion and contraction of the housing, the lead-out terminal, the resistor substrate, the intermediate terminal and others making up the rotary sensor caused by changes in the operating temperature of the rotary sensor.  
     [0121] First, the descriptions will be given of the state wherein a drive engine (not shown) becomes hot due to the combustion of the gasoline in a combustion chamber when a vehicle (not shown) with the rotary sensor installed therein has been started up, leading to a rise in the temperature of the rotary sensor.  
     [0122] When the rotary sensor becomes hot, the housing  1 , the lead-out terminal  2 , the resistor substrate  4 , the intermediate terminal  5  and other components making up the rotary sensor expand due to the rise in temperature. The degrees of the expansion of the components usually differ, depending upon their individual expansion coefficients. The thermal expansion of the housing  1 , the intermediate terminal  5  and the lead-out terminal  2  under the foregoing condition will be explained.  
     [0123] The intermediate terminal  5  and the lead-out terminal  2  formed of a metal material have such a small degree of thermal expansion that can be ignored, as compared with the housing  1  formed of a synthetic resin. The question, therefore, is the deformation of the housing  1 . Furthermore, a synthetic resin constituent exists between the part of the housing  1  where the resistor substrate  4  is retained and the part where the internal pin  2   a  is retained. The part retaining the internal pin  2   a  is roughly positioned on the inner bottom surface of the accommodating portion  1   c,  while the part of the housing  1  that retains the resistor substrate  4  is roughly positioned at the side wall of the accommodating portion  1   c.    
     [0124] A change in the temperature causes a three-dimensional change in the positions of the above two components. In response to the displacement in the height direction in FIG. 1, the arcuate portion of the first contact portion  5   a  of the intermediate terminal  5  elastically deforms, maintaining the contact between the electrodes  4   h  and the second contact portions  5   b  and between the first contact portion  5   a  and the internal pin  2   a.  Relative displacement in the direction of the planes of the resistor substrate  4  causes the first contact portion  5   a  and the internal pin  2   a  to relatively shift while maintaining the contact between the second contact portions  5   b  and the electrodes  4   h.    
     [0125] The positioning force for the resistor substrate  4  of the intermediate terminal  5  is set such that the mounting portions  5   c  shift in a direction to slightly expand with a resultant decrease in their clamping force because the arcuate portion of the first contact portion  5   a  is flexed toward the resistor substrate  4  when it is installed, whereas the secure positioning can be accomplished despite the slight decrease in the clamping force with consequent deteriorated positioning performance. The burrs add to the frictional force to prevent dislocation in the planar direction of the resistor substrate  4 , thus maintaining the reliability of the contact between the electrodes  4   h  and the second contact portions  5   b.    
     [0126] A second embodiment of a combination of the rotor and the cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention will now be described.  
     [0127]FIG. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing the second embodiment of the rotor and the cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0128] The like components as those in the first embodiment described above will be assigned the like reference numerals.  
     [0129] Referring to FIG. 12, a shaft  3   c  of a rotor  3  is provided at the rotative center of the rotor  3  and extended outward, or more specifically, downward in the axial direction. The entire shaft  3   c  has a columnar shape and is constructed only of a main shaft portion  3   e  with a flat distal end. The distal end of the main shaft portion  3   e  serves as a protuberant portion.  
     [0130] The distal end of the main shaft portion  3   e  is slightly chamfered. The columnar shape in combination with the flat distal end permits easier machining and the configuration that restrains the dislocation of the central axis or the rotative axis.  
     [0131] A first recessed portion  9   e  of a cover  9  is formed to have a cylindrical shape as a whole. The flat distal end of the columnar main shaft portion  3   e,  which serves as the protuberant portion, is inserted in the cylindrical first recessed portion  9   e.    
     [0132] As previously mentioned, the main shaft portion  3   e  rotatively moves in the first recessed portion  9   e.    
     [0133] A third embodiment of a combination of the rotor and the cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention will now be described.  
     [0134]FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential section showing the third embodiment of the rotor and the cover for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0135] The like components as those in the first embodiment described above will be assigned the like reference numerals.  
     [0136] Referring to FIG. 13, a shaft  3   c  of a rotor  3  is provided at the rotative center of the rotor  3  and extended outward, or more specifically, downward in the axial direction. The entire shaft  3   c  has a columnar main shaft portion  3   e  and a hemispheric shaft support  3   h  provided at the distal end of the main shaft portion  3   e  and provided as a protuberant portion. In other words, the hemispheric shaft support  3   h  serves as the protuberant portion.  
     [0137] The first recessed portion  9   e  of the cover  9  is formed to be cylindrical, as a whole. The hemispheric shaft support  3   h  serving as the protuberant portion is inserted in the cylindrical first recessed portion  9   e.    
     [0138] As in the case of the above embodiment, the shaft support  3   h  of the shaft  3   c  rotatively moves in the first recessed portion  9   e.  With this arrangement, the rotor  3  smoothly rotates since the hemispheric configuration of the shaft support  3   h  reduces its abutting area in the first recessed portion  9   e.    
     [0139] The operations of the second and third embodiments described above are the same as those of the above first embodiment, so that the explanation will not be repeated.  
     [0140] The descriptions will now be given of a second embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0141]FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an essential section showing a second embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0142] Referring to FIG. 14, an intermediate terminal  14  is made of an elastic conductive metal constituent and formed by pressing. The intermediate terminal  14  has a first contact portion  14   a  that is provided at the center and has an arcuate section, second contact portions  14   b  that are extended outward from both ends of the first contact portion  14   a  and bulged in the opposite direction from the first contact portion  14   a  and has an arcuate section, and a pair of mounting portions  14   c  extended at a predetermined acute angle from the ends of the second contact portions  14   b.  The first contact portion  14   a  and the second contact portions  14   b  form a substantially undulate shape.  
     [0143] As in the case of the intermediate terminal  5  in the first embodiment, both end surfaces of the first and second contact portions  14   a  and  14   b  of the intermediate terminal  14  sometimes have slightly serrate projecting edges known as burrs (not shown).  
     [0144] As shown in FIG. 14, one mounting portion  14   c  of the intermediate terminal  14  is inserted in a mounting hole  4   e  of a resistor substrate  4 , while the other mounting portion  14   c  is positioned in a first cut  4   f.  The intermediate terminal  14  is installed by the pair of mounting portions  14   c  provided at the acute angle such that it clamps the resistor substrate  4 . At this time, the free ends of the pair of mounting portions  14   c  are positioned so that they jut outward from the back surface of the resistor substrate  4 .  
     [0145] In this state, the apexes of the pair of second contact portions  14   b  come in resilient contact with electrodes  4   h  to make electrical connection between the second contact portions  14   b  and the electrodes  4   h.  Since the apexes of the second contact portions  14   b  have very small burrs (not shown), as mentioned above, the burrs dig into the surface of the electrodes  4   h  so as to ensure further secure electrical and mechanical connection.  
     [0146] Furthermore, in this state, the apex of the first contact portion  14   a  is in resilient contact with the exposed surface of the internal pin  2   a  of the lead-out terminal  2  (refer to FIG. 1) so as to make electrical connection between the first contact portion  14   a  and the lead-out terminal  2 .  
     [0147] In other words, the electrodes  4   h  are electrically connected with the lead-out terminal  2  through the intermediate terminal  14 .  
     [0148] In this state, as shown in FIG. 1, the distal ends, which are free ends, of a pair of mounting portions  14   c  of the intermediate terminal  14  are disposed at the position opposing the second recessed portion  9   c  of the cover  9 . The second recessed portion  9   c  provides further secure electrical isolation or non-conduction between the cover  9  made of a metal material and the pair of mounting portions  14   c  of the intermediate terminal  14 .  
     [0149] Thus, according to this embodiment, the free ends of the pair of mounting portions  14   c  are disposed at the positions that project outward from the back surface of the resistor substrate  4 . This arrangement makes it possible to further securely mount the intermediate terminal  14  to the resistor substrate  4 , as compared with the installation of the intermediate terminal  5  onto the resistor substrate  4  in the first embodiment.  
     [0150] A third embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention will now be described.  
     [0151]FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an essential section showing the third embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0152] The like components as those in the first embodiment described above will be assigned the like reference numerals.  
     [0153] Referring to FIG. 15, an intermediate terminal  15  is made of an elastic conductive metal constituent and formed by pressing. The intermediate terminal  15  has a first contact portion  15   a  that is provided at the center and has an arcuate section, a pair of second contact portions  15   b  that is horizontally extended outward from both ends of the first contact portion  15   a,  a pair of first mounting portions  15   c  extended at a predetermined dull angle from the end of each of the second contact portions  15   b,  substantially U-shaped folded portions  15   d  at the ends of the first mounting portions  15   c,  and a pair of second mounting portions  15   e  extended upward from the folded portions  15   d  at a predetermined angle.  
     [0154] In short, the first mounting portions  15   c,  the folded portions  15   d  and the second mounting portions  15   e  constitute a springy mounting assembly having a substantially V-shaped section.  
     [0155] Unlike the embodiments described above, a resistor substrate  4  with which the intermediate terminal  15  is used has two through holes  4   e  at the positions where electrodes  4   h  are formed. The mounting portions formed of the first mounting portions  15   c,  the folded portions  15   d  and the second mounting portions  15   e  are inserted in the two through holes  4   e,  and the mounting portions are locked in the through holes  4   e.  In this state, the pair of second contact portions  15   b  horizontally extended are abutted against and rested on the electrodes  4   h  so as to establish electrical conduction between the intermediate terminals  15  and the electrodes  4   h.    
     [0156] Furthermore, in this state, the folded portions  15   d  jut outward from the surface of the resistor substrate  4  that opposes the surface where the electrodes  4   h  are provided. As previously mentioned, the folded portions  15   d  of the intermediate terminal  15  that jut outward are positioned in the second recessed portion  9   c  of the cover  9 . The second recessed portion  9   c  provides electrical isolation or non-conduction between the cover  9  and the folded portions  15   d  of the intermediate terminal  15  that are both formed of a metal material.  
     [0157] The first contact portion  15   a  of the intermediate terminal  15  is in resilient contact with the exposed surface of an internal pin  2   a  of a lead-out terminal  2 , although it is not shown.  
     [0158] The springy mounting portion having the substantially V-shape allows the intermediate terminal  15  to be securely inserted with great ease in the two through holes  4   e  of the resistor substrate  4 .  
     [0159] The intermediate terminal  15  is disposed by being pressed in contact with and between the internal pin  2   a  of the lead-out terminal  2  and the electrodes  4   h  of the resistor substrate  4 .  
     [0160] The descriptions will now be given of a fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0161]FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing the fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention, FIG. 17 is a top plan view showing the fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention, and FIG. 18 is a front view showing the fourth embodiment of the intermediate terminal for the rotary sensor in accordance with the present invention.  
     [0162] As shown in FIGS. 16 through 18, an intermediate terminal  16  is made of an elastic conductive metal constituent and formed by pressing. The intermediate terminal  16  has a pair of mounting portions  16   c  provided on both ends thereof, a first contact portion  16   a  that is provided at the center between a pair of mounting portions  16   c  and has an arcuate section, and a pair of second contact portions  16   b  horizontally extended from both ends of the first contact portion  16   a.    
     [0163] The mounting portions  16   c  have retaining portions  16   d  perpendicularly extended downward from the second contact portions  16   b,  and semi-arcuate elastic portions  16   e  extended outward from the opposing side ends of the retaining portions  16   d.    
     [0164] The intermediate terminal  16  is installed in the two through holes  4   e  of the resistor substrate  4  (refer to FIG. 15) by the substantially similar mounting method as that for the intermediate terminal  15  in the third embodiment described above. The intermediate terminal  16  is securely fixed to the resistor substrate  4  by the elastic force of the elastic portions  16   e  of the mounting portions  16   c.    
     [0165] In this state, the pair of second contact portions  16   b  horizontally extended are abutted against and rested on the electrodes  4   h  (refer to FIG. 15) so as to establish electrical conduction between the intermediate terminals  16  and the electrodes  4   h.    
     [0166] Although not shown, the first contact portions  16   a  of the intermediate terminal  16  is in resilient contact with the exposed surface of the internal pin  2   a  of the lead-out terminal  2 .  
     [0167] To make the intermediate terminals  14 ,  15  and  16  in the aforesaid second, third and fourth embodiments by pressing, they are punched out from the arcuate apex of the first contact portion, as in the case of the intermediate terminal  5  in the first embodiment.  
     [0168] In the embodiments-described above, the electrodes on the resistor substrate have through holes and notches; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Alternatively, recessed portions may be provided in the electrodes and the mounting portions of the intermediate terminal may be locked in the recessed portions.  
     [0169] In the aforesaid embodiments, the angle detection member constructed of the variable resistor that includes the slider assembly  10 , the resistor pattern  4   b  and the collector pattern  4   c  is used to detect rotational angles; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. As an alternative, an output detector, such as an encoder, formed of a slider assembly and a conductive pattern shaped like comb teeth for detecting or outputting rotational speeds, rotational directions or the like may be used.  
     [0170] In the foregoing embodiments, the shaft support  3   f  of the shaft  3   c  of the rotor  3  is formed to be protuberant, and the recessed portion  9   c  for receiving the shaft support  3   f  of the shaft  3   c,  which is protuberant, is provided in the cover  9 ; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Alternatively, the distal end of the shaft  3   c  of the rotor  3  may be formed to be recessed and the cover may be provided with a protuberant portion.  
     [0171] The intermediate terminals of the first through fourth embodiments are positioned in the direction of the plate surfaces with respect to the resistor substrates  4  by retaining the mounting portions  5   c  or the like in the mounting holes  4   e  of the resistor substrate  4  or the first notches  4   f.  Alternatively, however, the mounting portions may be omitted, and the burrs produced when machining the intermediate terminals may be dug into the electrode patterns to retain the intermediate terminals in the planar direction of the resistor substrate  4 , or protuberances may be formed to dig them into the electrodes. In short, other means may be used as long as the force for retaining the intermediate terminal on the electrode is larger than the frictional force of the internal pin  2   a  of the intermediate terminal with respect to the insulating board.