Patent Publication Number: US-2006008821-A1

Title: Biomaterial inspection chip

Description:
The present application claims priority from Japanese application JP 2004-204537 filed on Jul. 12, 2004, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention relates to detection and/or diagnosis of the materials, in particular, relating to an organism, such as, peptide, protein, DNA, RNA, etc., and in particular, it relates to a reaction/detection apparatus of using a probe therein, to be used in analyzing of the materials relating to the organism, such as, DNA and so on.  
      Due to the fact of completion upon decoding or decipherment about the base sequences of the human genome, a movement comes to be active, in particular, of understanding an organism under the level DNA, thereby to applying into comprehension of the phenomenon of life and also into practical uses of the examination of diseases. For such the purposes, it is important to distinguish a difference in the type of gene and/or a difference in the situation upon manifestation of gene, simultaneously, but in large numbers thereof, so as to make comparison between the respective diseases or individuals. Conventionally, as an effective method for investigating such the manifesting situation of gene, there is used a DNA probe chip, in which a large number of DNA probes are divided into a several number of kinds or sorts thereof upon a solid surface, such as, of a slide glass or the like, or a DNA chip, and further there is used a protein chip.  
      As a technology for manufacturing such the chips, in Science 251, pp 767-773 (1001), for example, there is described a method of applying a technology of lithography that is widely used in a photochemical reaction and a semiconductor industry, wherein origomer having designed sequences are composed or synthesized within a large number of sections divided on the slide glass, by each one (1) base thereof. Or, in Anal. Chem. 69, pp 543-551 (1997), for example, there is described a method of planning plural numbers of DNA probes into each section one by one.  
      On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. Hei 11-243997 (1999), for example, there is described a method for manufacturing a biomaterial inspection chip, wherein fine grains (i.e., beads) are prepared, on which DNA probes are fixed, and then a several kinds of beads are collected from among those. An advantage of using the beads lies in the probe chips can be made, but without fluctuation of probe density for each bead, since there can be applied a probe fixing method of using chemical reactions in a solution, and therefore an inspection chip can be make up through collecting them.  
      The biomaterial inspection chip system for DNA, etc., which is made up with the beads, on the surface of which are fixed the probes, however, it has several problems from a viewpoint of designing. By the way of an example, such as, a DNA inspection process of using a DNA inspection chip array system therein comprises the following four (4) steps: “Pre-Processing Step”, “Reacting Step”, “Rinsing or Washing Step” and “Detecting Step”, as shown in  FIG. 2 . As examples for the respective steps, in particular, within the pre-processing step, DNA is extracted and a fluorescent marking is tagged thereto. In the reacting step, a sample is injected into, and then the DNA sample liquid is moved, reciprocally, through a syringe pump, thereby promoting the reaction. In the rinsing or washing step, a rinsing or washing liquid is guided to flow into a reaction portion, so as to wash out the beads and a reaction flow pass. In the detecting step, detection is made on the fluorescent markings, which are captured on the beads.  
      In this manner, various reagents and also the steps are necessary when making an inspection upon the DNA sample. Further, the rinsing or washing step must be executed by a several of times, but the number of times depends on the DNA sample liquid to be examined. For this reason, it is necessary to change the rinsing liquid or a device for each of the DNA samples, and therefore there is a problem of increasing the manufacturing cost thereof. Also, since the rinsing liquids are provided within an inside of the inspection apparatus, a user must supply the rinsing liquids; therefore, there is a problem of being inferior in usability (i.e., not user-friendly). Moreover, by taking the entire of such biomaterial inspection chip system into the consideration, if the rinsing liquids held therein, then the apparatus comes to be large in the sizes thereof.  
      Also, as other problem from the designing viewpoint, there is an aspect of shortening of the reaction time. The biomaterial inspection chip of using the beads therein has a feature that the reaction time is short comparing to that of a plate-type chip, which is mainly used up to now. This is achieved, as is shown in  FIG. 3 ; i.e., aside of a rectangular reaction flow pass or a diameter of a circular reaction flow pass, which holds the beads within the chip, is made larger than a diameter of the beads, so that the beads can be disposed or arranged in a zigzag manner; thereby, causing a disturbance in the flow, so as to accelerate or promote an amount of reaction. However, for applying such the bead-chip array apparatus into the inspection apparatus, there is a demand of further increasing the efficiency of reaction, so as to shorten a measuring time.  
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      According to the present invention, an object thereof is to reduce the manufacturing cost of an apparatus, as well as, improve the usability for a user, through unifying a rinsing liquid and a biomaterial inspection chip into one body. Other object, according to the present invention, is to shorten the measuring time thereof, with provision of the configuration of a flow pass for increasing the reaction efficiency.  
      For accomplishing the objects mentioned above, according to the present invention, there is provided a biomaterial inspection chip system, which applies the following means therein.  
      First, for increasing the usability for a user, or for lowering a cost of an inspection apparatus, a pre-process flow pass and/or a rinsing flow pass are/is unified into an inspection chip, together with a reactor flow pass. Also, for preventing the inspection chip from becoming large uselessly, two (2) or one (1) of a pre-process flow pass and a rinsing liquid reservation flow pass are/is utilized to be a waste liquid flow pass for each of reagents. Further, for conducting the rinsing by plural numbers thereof, effectively, carrying ports for the respective rinsing liquid flow passes are provided at a constant distance therebeween.  
      Second, for promoting reaction on the beads, not a rectangular flow pass, but there is applied the flow pass having the following configuration, in particular, to a reactor flow pass in which the beads are received therein; i.e., the flow pass configuration of attaching a turbulence generator in the vicinity of the beads, or the flow pass configuration of being provided with a guide for stopping flow separation behind the beads, thereby enabling to increase the reacting weight.  
      For manufacturing such the biomaterial inspection chip having such the aspects mentioned above, it is necessary to improve the degree of freedom for designing the configurations of the pre-process flow pass, the reactor flow pass and the rinsing liquid flow pass. Then, for building up the configurations of those flow passes on one (1) pieces of the biomaterial inspection chip, any one of those configurations of those flow passes is formed from a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane: (C 2 H 6 SiO) n ). 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING  
      Those and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:  
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an inspection apparatus for a typical beads array system;  
       FIG. 2  is a flow of steps of DNA inspection;  
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view for showing beads disposed within a rectangular flow pass;  
       FIG. 4  is a flow of other steps of DNA inspection;  
      FIGS.  5  to  15  are views in relation to an embodiment of a biomaterial inspection system, according to the present invention, wherein:  
       FIG. 5  is an upper view of a chip having a rinsing liquid held therein;  
      FIGS.  6 ( a ) and  6 ( b ) are upper views of the chip having a rinsing liquid held therein and a chip cover;  
      FIGS.  7 ( a ) and  7 ( b ) are upper views for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in a reacting step;  
      FIGS.  8 ( a ) and  8 ( b ) are upper views for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in a rinsing step  1 ;  
      FIGS.  9 ( a ) and  9 ( b ) are upper views for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in a rinsing step  2 ;  
      FIGS.  10 ( a ) and  10 ( b ) are upper views for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in a rinsing step  3 ;  
      FIGS.  11 ( a ) and  11 ( b ) are upper views for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in a rinsing step  4 ;  
       FIG. 12  is an upper view for showing the condition of the chip before a detecting step;  
      FIGS.  13 ( a ) and  13 ( b ) are upper views of the chip having the rinsing liquid held therein and the chip cover;  
      FIGS.  14 ( a ) and  14 ( b ) are upper views for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in the reacting step; and  
       FIG. 15  is an upper view for showing relative positions of the chip and the chip cover in a rinsing step  1 ; and further,  
       FIG. 16  is a view for showing the conventional art wherein beads are positioned within the rectangular flow pass;  
      FIGS.  17  to  20  are upper viwes for showing other embodiments of the flow pass, according to the present invention; and  
      FIGS.  21 ( a ) and  21 ( b ) are view for explaining a relationship between sample flow rate and reacting weight, with taking the configuration of the flow pass as parameters thereof. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
      Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be fully explained by referring to the attached drawings.  
      Thought thee present invention can be applied to a probe, which is used for detection and/or diagnosis of materials relating to an organism, such as, peptide, protein, DNA, RNA, etc., however, explanation will be made only about a case where it is used for detecting DNA, for example, hereinafter.  
      Explanation will be made about an embodiment of the biomaterial inspection chip system of using beads therein, according to the present invention, by referring to  FIG. 1 . This  FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the biomaterial inspection chip system of using beads therein. The biomaterial inspection chip system, as shown in  FIG. 1 , comprises a chip take-in window  101  for inserting an inspection chip  30  therethrough, a reaction stage  104 , a pump  113  and a valve  105  for transferring a DNA sample liquid and/or a rinsing or washing liquid to a beads array, a laser light source  110 , a condensing lens, an optic stage  102  for measuring an intensity of fluorescence due to hybridization, a mirror  114  for changing the direction of a laser beam, and further other many parts thereof.  
      An example of a measuring process is as follows. Thus, being taken into through the chip take-in window  101 , the inspection chip  30  is transferred up to the reaction stage  104  with using a moving stage  103 . It is pressurized by means of the syringe pump  113 , and the flow pass thereof is exchanged through a valve  105 . The DNA sample liquid is reciprocally supplied to beads, onto which DNA probes are fixed, within a reactor flow pass, thereby achieving the hybridization. After completing the hybridization, then the rinsing or washing liquids of plural kinds are supplied to the reactor flow pass, for removing un-reacted DNA therefrom. For the purpose of supplying those liquids, also the syringe pump  113  and the valve  105  are used.  
      After completion of rinsing or washing, the inspection chip  30  is moved up to the optic stage  102  with using the moving stage  103 . Thereafter, the laser beam  110  is irradiated thereupon, so as to measure the hybridized intensity of fluorescence. A motor driver  107  and a controller board  108  are used for the purpose of operating the moving stage  103  and the valve  105 . A power source  106  supplies electricity to each kind of the parts. An information access panel  109  is used for inputting a measurement condition and outputting a measurement result. When a sample DNA tagged with the fluorescent marking is caught on a bead where the laser beam is irradiated upon, the fluorescence generated from the sample DNA is selected through a wavelength thereof by means of a filter, and thereafter is detected by means of a photo detector. The laser beams is irradiated along with the flow pass with using an excitation laser, and a picture obtained through using the fluorescence detector is displayed on the information access panel  109 .  
      Hereinafter, detailed explanation will be made about a portion of constituent parts of the biomaterial inspection chip system of using beads therein. In the explanation given below, the bead is explained to be spherical in the shape thereof, however it may be rectangular or others in the shape thereof. The bead having a size from 1-300 μm can be used therein, however in the below, the explanation will be made about an example of using a bead of 100 μm, mainly. Further, normally, the bead is made of a material, such as glass or plastic, however also a bead made of metal may be applied in the place thereof. Herein, the bead made of glass is applied.  
      As an inspection chip for holding beads, there are two types of holding them in a one-dimensional manner and holding them in a two-dimensional manner, however explanation will be given on that of holding them in the one-dimensional manner, mainly, for the purpose of convenience of the explanation thereof.  
      As being such the inspection chip of holding the beads, the flow pass may be formed with a circular tube pass, such as, a capillary, for example, or it may be formed of a kind of silicon resin, such as, PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane: (C 2 H 6 SiO) n ), on a glass substrate. The flow pass formed from a material, such as PDMS, has the following three (3) advantages. First of all, if a mold is made out once, then the flow pass can be formed from the PDMS, very easily and cheaply. Second, differing from the capillary, if the mold thereof can be obtained, the flow pass can be formed with having various configurations thereof; therefore, there is little restriction upon the configuration thereof. Third, since the self-luminescence thereof is very small, therefore the flow pass is superior in the optical characteristics, in particular, upon measuring the fluorescence intensity. Thus, with application of PDMS, the flow pass configuration to hold the beads, on which the hybridization is promoted, can be produced, easily and cheaply, but without increasing the manufacturing cost thereof.  
      As will be shown in  FIG. 5 , which will be mentioned later, with provision of the rinsing liquids held within the inspection chip  30 , there is no necessity of a space for holding the rinsing liquids within the inspection apparatus; therefore, the inspection apparatus can be made small in sizes thereof. Also, with provision of the rinsing liquids held within the inspection chip  30 , it is not necessary for a user to supplement the rinsing liquids to the apparatus, thereby increasing the usability thereof.  
      The laser beam from the laser light source is condensed through the lens, to be irradiated upon the probe. The fluorescence generated from the sample DNA combined with a fluorescent pigment, which is captured on the bead at the portion where the laser beam is irradiated upon, is selected by wavelengths thereof through a filter, to be detected by means of a photo detector, such as, a CCD camera or a photomultiplexer, etc. The fluorescence intensity detected is indicative of the position of the bead aligned within the flow pass; i.e., the presence of a fragment of the sample DNA, which joints a complementary chain combination corresponding to a kind of the probe. For measuring the bead of itself, a light receiving element is applied, such as, an APD (i.e., Avalanche Photo Diode), for example. In case of applying such APD, it is enough to let the bead to have any kind of fluorescence by itself. Or, in the place of conducting such the wavelength selection, it is possible to detect the position of the bead with mounting a CCD camera thereon. Or, it is also possible to apply a light receiving element having a sensitivity higher than that of the APD, such as, a PMT (i.e., Photo Multiplexer). For wavelength dividing, it is enough to apply a dichroic mirror, for example.  
     Embodiment 1  
      An inspection chip  30  is manufactured based on an assumption that rinsing or washing must be carried out by four (4) times therein, as is shown in  FIG. 4 . therewith.  FIG. 5  shows the chip  30  holding four (4) kinds of rinsing liquids therein. This chip  30  is for use of the DNA examination or test, and it comprises a reactor flow pass  2 , within which beads are provided, four (4) flow passes  4 ,  5 ,  6  and  7  for storing four (4) kinds of rinsing liquids therein and a waste fluid flow pass  3  for receiving a part of the used rinsing liquid(s) and the DNA sample liquid after reaction, ports  8   a  and  8   b  for carrying the DNA sample liquid, ports  10 ,  11 ,  12  and  13  for carrying the rinsing liquids, and a port  9  for carrying the waste liquid. However, since the rinsing liquid differs from depending upon an object of inspection, the number of the flow passes for receiving the rinsing liquids therein is made changeable depending upon the object of inspection. Also, it is possible to add a flow pass for conducting a pre-process.  
       FIG. 6 ( a ) shows an enlarged DNA inspection chip  30  and a chip cover  31  necessary for sending the test liquid and the rinsing liquids into each of the flow passes. Five (5) pieces of the ports are provided aligning at an equal distance therebetween; i.e., the carrying ports  8   a  and  8   b  to the reactor flow passes, the port  10  for use of a first rinsing liquid, the port  11  use of a second rinsing liquid, the port  12  for use of a third rinsing liquid, the port  13  for use of a fourth rinsing liquid, and the carrying port  9  for the wasted liquid of sample. Into the fluid flow pass  3  will be received, not only the wasted liquid of sample after the completion of reaction, but also the first rinsing liquid after rinsing or washing operation thereof. And also, the second rinsing liquid will be received into the flow pass  4  for the first rinsing liquid, after rinsing operation thereof. In the similar manner, the third rising liquid will be received into the second flow pass  5  for the second rinsing liquid, after the rinsing operation thereof, and the fourth rinsing liquid into the flow pass  6  for the third rinsing liquid after the rinsing operation thereof. With such the present chip, the wasted liquid of sample and four (4) kinds of rinsing liquids will be received within an inside of the chip, but without being disposed into an outside thereof. With this, the wasted liquid of sample can be disposed, completely and safely.  
       FIG. 6 ( b ) shows the chip cover  31 . On this chip cover  31  are formed four (4) pieces of openings  21   a ,  21   b ,  22   a  and  22   b . The lower two (2) pieces of openings  21   a  and  21   b  are pressurizing openings for controlling the sending of the sample liquid and also the rinsing liquids, while the upper two (2) pieces of openings  22   a  and  22   b  are air openings for releasing the pressure into atmospheric pressure.  
      Detailed steps when using the present chip will be shown by referring to FIGS.  7 ( a ) to  12 .  FIG. 7 ( a ) shows the chip  30  before executing the hybridization, while  FIG. 7 ( b ) a relative positions between the chip  30  and the chip cover  31  when reaction occurs therein. In this  FIG. 7 ( b ), the chip  30  is indicated with chained lines.  
      The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying ports  8   a  and  8   b  leading to the reactor flow pass  2  come to be coincident with the pressurizing openings  21   a  and  21   b  on the chip cover in the positions thereof. The sample liquid is transmitted into the reactor flow pass  2  disposing the beads  1  therein, through alternatively pressurizing thereupon, while exchanging the valve  105  by the function of the syringe pump  113  shown in  FIG. 1 .  
       FIG. 8 ( a ) shows the chip  30  before conducting the first rinsing.  FIG. 8 ( b ) shows the relative positions between the chip  30  and the chip cover  31  before conducting the first rinsing. The chip  30  is indicated with chained lines therein. The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying port  10  for the first rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the pressurizing opening  21   a  on the chip cover in the positions thereof. In this instance, since the ports are provided at the equal distance therebeween, the carrying port  9  of the waste liquid flow pass  3  comes to be coincident with the air opening  22   b  on the chip cover  31  in the position thereof. Through pressurization by the function of the syringe pump  113 , the sample liquid remaining within the reactor flow pass  2  is sent out into the waste liquid flow pass  3 . With doing this, the first rinsing liquid is transmitted into the reactor flow pass  2 , thereby executing rinsing operation therein. Thereafter, that liquid is also sent out into the waste liquid flow pass  3 .  
       FIG. 9 ( a ) shows the chip  30  before conducting the second rinsing.  FIG. 9 ( b ) shows the relative positions between the chip  30  and the chip cover  31  before conducting the second rinsing. The chip  30  is indicated with chained lines therein. The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying port  11  of the flow pass  5  for the second rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the pressurizing opening  21   b  on the chip cover  31  in the positions thereof. Since the ports are provided at the equal distance therebeween, the carrying port  10  for the first rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the air opening  22   a  on the chip cover  31  in the position thereof. Through pressurization by the function of the syringe pump  113 , the second rinsing liquid is transferred into the reactor flow pass  2 , thereby executing the rinsing therein. Thereafter, that liquid is sent out into the empty or vacant flow pass  4  for the first rinsing liquid.  
       FIG. 10 ( a ) shows the chip  30  before conducting the third rinsing.  FIG. 10 ( b ) shows the relative positions between the chip  30  and the chip cover  31  before conducting the third rinsing. The chip  30  is indicated with chained lines therein. The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying port  12  for the third rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the pressurizing opening  21   a  on the chip cover  31  in the positions thereof. Since the ports are provided at the equal distance, the carrying port  11  for the second rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the air opening  22   b  on the chip cover  31  in the position thereof. Through pressurization by the function of the syringe pump  113 , the third rinsing liquid is transferred into the reactor flow pass  2 , thereby executing the rinsing therein. Thereafter, that liquid is sent out into the empty or vacant flow pass  5  for the second rinsing liquid.  
       FIG. 11 ( a ) shows the chip  30  before conducting the fourth rinsing.  FIG. 10 ( b ) shows the relative positions between the chip  30  and the chip cover  31  before conducting the fourth rinsing. The chip  30  is indicated with chained lines. The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying port  13  for the fourth rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the pressurizing opening  21   b  on the chip cover  31  in the positions thereof. Since the ports are provided at the equal distance, the carrying port  12  for the third rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the air opening  22   a  on the chip cover  31  in the position thereof. Through pressurization by the function of the syringe pump  113 , the fourth rinsing liquid is transferred into the reactor flow pass  2 , thereby executing the rinsing therein. Thereafter, that liquid is sent out into the empty or vacant flow pass  6  for the third rinsing liquid.  
       FIG. 12  shows the chip  30  after completion of the fourth rinsing operation. With the structure of the present inspection chip, the wasted liquid of sample and the four (4) kinds of the rinsing liquids are received within an inside of the chip, but without being disposed into an outside thereof. With this, the wasted liquid of sample can be disposed, completely and safely.  
     Embodiment 2  
      FIGS.  13 ( a ) and  13 ( b ) show other embodiment of an inspection chip according to the present invention. On the present embodiment, it is also assumed that that rinsing be carried out by four (4) times therein, as is in the first embodiment mentioned above. With the present embodiment, however, the DNA sample and the rinsing liquids held within the inspection chip  30  are measured in the liquid quantity thereof, by means of a liquid surface sensor, and wherein an amount of liquid to be transmitted is controlled with using a liquid surface values measured.  
       FIG. 13 ( a ) shows an enlarged DNA inspection chip  30  and a chip cover  31  necessary for sending the test liquid and the rinsing liquids into each of the flow passes. On this chip  30 , there are also formed the reactor flow pass  2 , within which the beads are aligned, flow passes  4 - 7  for receiving the four (4) kinds of rinsing liquids therein, the flow pass  14  for holding the DNA sample therein, and the waste liquid flow pass  3  for receiving the DNA sample liquid wasted. Five (5) pieces of the ports are provided aligning at an equal distance therebetween; i.e., the carrying ports  8   a  and  8   b  to the reactor flow passes, the port  10  for use of the first rinsing liquid, the port  11  use of the second rinsing liquid, the port  12  for use of the third rinsing liquid, the port  13  for use of the fourth rinsing liquid, and the carrying port  9  for the wasted liquid of sample. Into the fluid flow pass  3  will be received, not only the wasted liquid of sample after the completion of reaction, but also the first rinsing liquid after rinsing operation thereof. Into the flow pass  4  for the first rinsing liquid, the second rinsing liquid will be received after the rinsing operation thereof. Into the second flow pass  5  for the second rinsing liquid, the third rising liquid will be received after the rinsing operation thereof, and into the flow pass  6  for the third rinsing liquid, the fourth rinsing liquid after the rinsing operation thereof. With such the present chip, the wasted liquid of sample and the four (4) kinds of rinsing liquids can be received within an inside of the chip, but without being disposed into an outside thereof. With this, the wasted liquid of sample can be disposed, completely and safely.  
       FIG. 13 ( b ) shows a top view of the chip cover  31 . On the chip cover  31  are formed six (6) pieces of openings  21   a - 23   b . The two (2) pieces of openings  21   a  and  21   b  are pressurizing openings for controlling the sending of the sample liquid and also the rinsing liquids, other two (2) pieces of openings  22   a  and  22   b  are air openings for releasing the pressure into atmospheric pressure, and further other two (2) pieces of openings  23   a  and  23   b  are openings for use in sensing the liquid quantities of the DNA sample liquid and the rising liquids with using a liquid surface sensor.  
       FIG. 14 ( a ) shows a condition where the DNA sample liquid is transferred into the chip  30  holding the rinsing liquids therein.  FIG. 14 ( b ) shows a positional relationship between the chip and the cover in a reacting step of the hybridization. The chip  30  is indicated with chained lines. The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying ports  8   a  and  8   b  leading to the reactor flow pass  2  come to be coincident with the pressurizing openings  21   a  and  21   b  on the chip cover  31  in the positions thereof. Then, the sample liquid is transmitted into the reactor flow pass  2  disposing the beads  1  therein, through alternatively pressurizing thereupon, while exchanging the valve  105  by the function of the syringe pump  113 . In this instance, measurement is made upon the liquid surface of the DNA sample through the sensing openings  23   a  and  23   b , thereby achieving the quantity measurement of liquids held within the DNA sample reservation flow passes  14   a  and  14   b . With this, it is possible to control the syringe pump, accurately or correctly.  
       FIG. 15  shows the relative positions between the chip  30  and the chip cover  31  before conducting the first rinsing, by an upper view thereof. The chip  30  is indicated with chained lines. The chip  30  or the chip cover  31  is moved, so that the carrying port  10  for the first rinsing liquid comes to be coincident with the pressurizing opening  21   a  on the chip cover  31  in the positions thereof. Since the ports are provided at the equal distance therebeween, the carrying port  9  of the waste liquid flow pass  3  comes to be coincident with the air opening  22   b  on the chip cover  31  in the position thereof. Also, at the same time, the sensing opening  23   b  comes to be coincident with an exit of the waste liquid flow pass  3 . Through pressurization by the function of the syringe pump  113 , the sample liquid remaining within the reactor flow pass  2  is sent out into the waste liquid flow pass  3 . With doing this, the first rinsing liquid is transmitted into the reactor flow pass  2 , thereby executing rinsing operation therein. Thereafter, that liquid is also sent out into the waste liquid flow pass  3 . The sensing is made upon a boundary surface of the liquid surface through the sensing opening  23   b , thereby controlling the syringe pump  113 . In relation to the second to the fourth rinsing steps, the same operation as was mentioned above will be made.  
      By using such the chip, there is no chance that the DNA sample liquid and/or the rinsing liquids are transferred into a side of the inspection apparatus. With this, the DNA samples will not be mixed with, even executing the inspection by many times, thereby enabling an effective inspection.  
      [Surface Configuration of the Flow Pass] 
      Since the chip  30  is made of the PDMS, it is possible to obtain various kinds of surface configurations for the flow pass. Changing the reactor flow pass from the surface configuration of building up with a plane into the surface configuration, which will be mentioned below, enables to increase the efficiency of reaction, thereby shortening the reaction time. The fundamental way of thinking to increase the reacting weight is as below. Thus, the reaction upon the beads surface is in relation to the diffusion capacity of the sample. The reacting weight of the sample on the bead surface can be expressed by the following equation: 
 
(Reacting weight upon the beads surface)[Σ((Local diffusion capacity)×(Minute area))  (1) 
 
      From the equation (1) mentioned above, it is enough to increase the local diffusion capacity or the minute area for increasing the reacting weight upon the beads surface. For the purpose of increasing the diffusion capacity, it is enough to disturb the flow. Also, for increasing the minute area, it is enough to increase the area contributing to the reaction. FIGS.  17  to  20  show several embodiments of the surface configuration of the flow pass, so as to increase the reacting weight upon the beads surface, through the upper views thereof. Further, for the purpose of comparison, the surface configuration of the conventional flow pass is shown in  FIG. 16 . Thus, within the surface configuration of the flow pass shown in  FIG. 16 , the probe beads  1  are disposed or aligned in a zigzag manner with respect to the rectangular flow pass.  
      Within the flow pass surface  2   a  shown in  FIG. 17 , a flow separation stop guide  41  is provided behind the beads  1 . With the surface configuration of the conventional flow pass  2 , a large flow separation is generated in the flow, in particular, behind the beads  1 , so that the effective area contributing to the reaction is reduced. On the contrary to that, with the flow pass surface  2   a  shown in the present embodiments, since the flow separation stop guide  41  is provided behind the beads  1 , the flow does not generates the flow separation even behind the beads  1 ; thus, flowing along with the beads  1 . With this, the reacting weight goes up. This expects increasing of the second item in the equation (1).  
       FIG. 18  shows an example of forming a turbulence generator  42  upon an interior wall surface of the flow pass  2   b , in particular, in the vicinity of the beads  1 ; thereby promoting the diffusion of flow in the periphery of the beads  1 . Due to the promotion of the diffusion of flow, the reacting weight increases. This expects increasing of the first item in the equation (1).  
       FIG. 19  shows an example of a flow pass surface  2   c , in which a gap between the beads  1  is filled up with; i.e., those beads  1  are in contact with each other. On both sides of the flow pass surface  2   c  are formed narrowed portions  43 , in plural pieces thereof, corresponding to the size of beads, but changing the position thereof on both sides of the wall surface. The flow is zigzagged, so that the diffusion of flow can be promoted. Also, since the flow pass configuration fits to the beads  1 , the flow runs along with the beads therein; thereby increasing the effective area, substantially, as well as, the reaction weight.  
       FIG. 20  shows an example of a flow pass surface  2   d , on the way of which are formed expanding portions  44 , being a little bit larger than the outer configuration of the bead  1 , in plural numbers of locations thereof. In this case, but an area “2×” of the flow pass defined between those beads  1  is made narrow, comparing to the size of the beads  1 . Because of forming the narrow flow pass surface “2×”, flow velocity of the liquid increases; therefore, the liquid having high velocity collides upon the beads  1 . With this, the diffusion capacity increases. Since the surface configuration  2  of the flow pass has the configuration fitting to the beads  1 , no such flow separation occurs in the flow even behind the beads; therefore, it never reduce the effective area that substantially contributes the reaction. This expects increasing of the first and second items in the equation (1).  
      FIGS.  21 ( a ) and  21 ( b ) show the conventional flow pass  2  formed of a plane and the flow pass surfaces  2   a - 2   c  for increasing the reacting weight, and also a results of analysis upon reactions when applying them, by taking the hybridization reaction upon the surface of the beads  1 . With applying the flow pass surfaces  2   a - 2   c  for increasing the reacting weight, the reacting weight increases, comparing to that obtained with the conventional rectangular flow pass configuration. Comparing the flow pass surface  2   c  to the conventional flow pass  2  of a plane, the reacting weight increases by 70% with the flow pass surface  2   c.    
      As was fully explained in the above, according to the present invention, with the biomaterial inspection chip system of using beads therein, targeting the biomaterials, such as, DNA and protein, etc., since the pre-process flow pass and/or the rinsing liquid flow passes are provided within a bead chip in one body, it is possible to improve the usability for a user thereof. Also, the inspection apparatus can be made small in the sizes thereof. Further, with provision of the turbulence generator in periphery of the beads, which are disposed within the reactor flow pass, or with provision of the flow separation stop guide behind the beads, the reacting efficiency increases up by 70%, comparing to the conventional flow pass made of a plane; thereby enabling to shorten the reaction time, i.e., reduction of the testing time thereof.  
      The preferred embodiments descried herein are therefore illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims and all variations which come within the meaning of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.