Patent Publication Number: US-7712929-B2

Title: Lighting device with composite reflector

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   The entire subject matter of U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/893,179 filed Mar. 6, 2007 and entitled LIGHTING DEVICE WITH COMPOSITE REFLECTOR is incorporated by reference. The applicants claim priority benefit under Title 35, United States Code, Section 119 of U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/893,179 filed Mar. 6, 2007 and entitled LIGHTING DEVICE WITH COMPOSITE REFLECTOR. 

   STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
   Not applicable. 
   REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENTIAL LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC 
   Not applicable. 
   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to lighting devices. 
   DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
   Among the many types of lighting devices available on the market is the class of lighting devices known as flood lights which provide a relatively even distribution of light over a relatively wide broadcast area. Commonly, these flood lights have a relatively high profile housing in order to allow sufficient optical length between a light source and a reflector and to accommodate the relatively deep and wide dimensions of the reflector to achieve the wide distribution of light. While conventional wide area flood lights are effective for their intended task and design constraints, there are applications in which wide area light distribution is needed, but where conventional light devices dimensions are excessive compared with the space available for them. Examples of earlier art lighting devices may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,006, US 24213011A1, US22003707A1, U.S. Pat. No. 7,063,449, U.S. Pat. No. 6,786,618, U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,752, U.S. Pat. No. 6,582,110, U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,064, U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,246, U.S. Pat. No. 6,010,233, U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,947, U.S. Pat. No. 4,953,063, U.S. Pat. No. 4,190,355, U.S. Pat. No. 6,494,596, U.S. Pat. No. 6,575,601, U.S. Pat. No. 6,698,908, U.S. Pat. No. 6,910,785, U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,476, U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,525, U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,976, U.S. Pat. No. 4,839,781, U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,818 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,444,606. The entire subject matter of these references is incorporated by reference. 
   It would be desirable to provide a novel approach to this task. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In a first embodiment, the invention provides a light fixture device, comprising a reflector portion having a pair of parallel longitudinal boundary regions and a pair of parallel lateral boundary regions. The reflector portion is shaped according to a longitudinal focal line. A pair of housing portions is provided, each for engaging a corresponding lateral boundary region. At least one connector portion is provided for coupling the housing portions together with the reflector portion. 
   In some embodiments, the reflector portion is formed in an extruded profile, though alternative embodiments may be formed using other forming techniques. 
   In some embodiments, the reflector portion is arranged to present a plurality of aligned reflector segments, which each reflector segment is oriented relative to the longitudinal focal line, so that the aligned reflector segments may collectively form a composite reflector with a predetermined focal region. In one embodiment, each reflector segment is substantially perpendicular to a path extending between the reflector portion and the longitudinal focal line, though in other alternative embodiments the reflector segment may not be substantially perpendicular to the path. 
   In some embodiments, each of the end portions having a first mounting flange extending outwardly therefrom. The mounting flanges may in a common plane and similarly the longitudinal boundary regions may lie in a common plane, though other alternative configurations are also contemplated. 
   In some embodiments, the mounting flanges include mounting passages to receive a light cover portion, and/or one housing portion includes a central passage to receive a light source. In the latter instance, the light source may include a socket portion mounted to the corresponding end portion or another light source. 
   In some embodiments, each connector portion has a length according to the length of the reflector portion, with each connector portion having a pair of end regions. In this case, the housing portion may thus include a pair of fastener passages, each to receive a corresponding end region or a fastener for anchoring the end region therewith. Each end region may include a threaded inner passage, the fastener including a threaded fastener threadably engaged with the threaded inner passage. The connector portion may desirably be integrally formed with the reflector portion in an extruded profile or be formed separately therefrom. 
   In an alternative embodiment, there is provided a light fixture device, comprising a reflector portion having a pair of parallel longitudinal boundary regions and a pair of parallel lateral boundary regions; the reflector portion being shaped according to a longitudinal focal line, a pair of housing portions, each for engaging a corresponding lateral boundary region; at least a pair of connector portions extending along the reflector portion, each connector portion having a mounting location, each housing portion having a pair of mounting passages, each mounting passage lying adjacent a corresponding mounting location, the connector portion and/or a fastener extending through each corresponding mounting passage to join the reflector portion with the housing portions. 
   In still another alternative embodiment, there is provided a light fixture device, comprising reflector means having a pair of parallel longitudinal boundary regions and a pair of parallel lateral boundary regions; the reflector means being shaped according to a longitudinal focal line, a pair of housing means, each for engaging a corresponding lateral boundary region; at least a pair of connector means extending along the reflector means, each connector means having a mounting location, each housing means having a pair of mounting passages, each mounting passage lying adjacent a corresponding mounting location, the connector means and/or a fastener means extending through each corresponding mounting passage to join the reflector means with each of the housing means. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a lighting fixture device, comprising: 
   modeling an elongate reflector portion with a first surface region according to a predetermined focal line to have a series of reflector segments, each aligned with the focal line according to a particular operative orientation for a finished lighting fixture device and to have a pair of opposed longitudinal boundary regions and a pair of opposed lateral boundary regions, to form a modeled reflector portion; 
   forming a profile blank according to the modeled reflector portion; 
   providing a finished reflector portion according to the modeled reflector portion; 
   providing a pair of end housing portions, each for engaging a corresponding end region; and, 
   providing at least one connector portion for coupling the reflector portion with the housing portions. 
   In some embodiments the modeling step may further comprise integrating the connector portions in the modeled reflector portion. The modeling step may comprise modeling the elongate reflector portion to include a second surface region and to locate the connecting portions thereon. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a lighting fixture device, comprising: 
   a step for modeling an elongate reflector portion with a first surface region according to a predetermined focal line to have a series of reflector segments, each aligned with the focal line according to a particular operative orientation for a finished lighting fixture device to have a pair of opposed longitudinal boundary regions and a pair of opposed lateral boundary regions, to form a modeled reflector portion, and to have a plurality of connector portions extending along the elongate reflector portion to provide a corresponding pair of mounting locations adjacent a corresponding opposed lateral boundary region; 
   a step for forming a profile blank according to the modeled reflector portion; 
   a step for providing a finished reflector portion according to the modeled reflector portion; 
   a step for providing a pair of end housing portions, each for engaging a corresponding end region; and, 
   a step for joining each housing portion with a pair of connector portion at the corresponding mounting locations. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment there is provided a method of forming a lighting fixture device, comprising: 
   establishing a primary reflector profile according to a predetermined focal line; 
   establishing a series of intermediate reflector profiles which are concentric with the primary reflector profile to form a reflector profile grid; 
   tracing a path across the reflector profile grid according to a desired reflector shape; 
   selecting a plurality of reflector segments on the primary and/or intermediate reflector profiles which approximate the path to form a modeled reflector portion; and, 
   shaping a reflector according to the modeled reflector portion. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a far field lighting fixture, comprising the steps of: 
   establishing a focal point; providing a concave primary reference path positioned relative to the focal point; 
   configuring the reference path and the position of the focal point to form a theoretical reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture with a light source to be located in an offset position between the focal point and the reference path; 
   providing a plurality of secondary reference paths which are concentric with the primary reference path and scaled about the focal point; 
   providing a plurality of radial lines extending from the focal point, each radial line meeting each primary and secondary reference path to form a plurality of path segments, each between adjacent radial lines and a plurality of line segments, each between adjacent path segments; 
   forming a modeled reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture by forming a chain of adjacent groups of one or more path segments, joined by groups of one or more line segments; 
   forming a far field light reflector based on the modeled reflector profile to provide a plurality of reflector path segments coextensive with the modeled path segments and a plurality of reflector line segments coextensive with the modeled line segments; 
   locating the far field light reflector in a housing structure, the housing structure and/or the far field light reflector providing an outer periphery; 
   locating the light source in the offset position beside the focal point and between the focal point and the far field light reflector; and, 
   configuring the light source, the focal point and the far field reflector to confine the incident light emanating surfaces of the light source to land on the reflector path segments, with the light source so positioned that no light is incident on the reflector line segments, and with each reflector path segment providing an angle of reflectance which is sufficient for substantially all light reflected from the far field light reflector to pass beyond the outer periphery without being incident thereon. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided a comprising one or more housing portions, a concave far field light reflector portion coupled with the housing portions, the housing portions and/or the far field light reflector defining an inner region and cooperating to form an outer fixture periphery, a lamp with a light emanating surface defining a light source boundary, the far field light reflector portion having a reference point located within the inner region, the lamp being arranged so that the light source boundary is in an offset position between the reference point and the reflector portion, the reflector portion including a plurality of reflector segments, each to receive incident light from the light source boundary, a plurality of radial segments, each separating a pair of neighboring reflector segments, each radial segment being co-linear with a radial path extending from the reference point, each radial segment facing away from the light source boundary, each reflector segment portion being positioned relative to a focal point to receive incident light from the light source boundary, each reflector segment being opposite a corresponding region on the outer boundary, each reflector segment to emit reflected light at an angle of reflectance sufficient to direct the reflected light past the outer periphery without being incident thereon. 
   In some embodiments, the reference point and the focal point are coincident. In other embodiments, the focal point is not coincident with the reference point, but may be, for instance, located between the reference point and the reflective portion, or beyond the reference point and on the reflecting side of the reflective portion. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a far field lighting fixture, comprising the steps of: 
   establishing a focal point; 
   providing a concave primary reference path positioned relative to the focal point; 
   configuring the reference path and the position of the focal point to form a theoretical reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture with a light source to be located in an offset position between the focal point and the reference path; 
   providing a plurality of secondary reference paths which are concentric with the primary reference path and scaled about the focal point; 
   providing a plurality of radial lines extending from the focal point, each radial line meeting each primary and secondary reference path to form a plurality of path segments, each between adjacent radial lines, and to form a plurality of line segments, each between adjacent path segments; 
   forming a modeled reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture by forming a chain of adjacent groups of one or more path segments, joined by groups of one or more line segments; 
   forming a far field light reflector based on the modeled reflector profile to provide a plurality of reflector path segments coextensive with the modeled path segments and a plurality of reflector line segments coextensive with the modeled line segments; 
   locating the far field light reflector in a housing structure, the housing structure and/or the far field light reflector providing an outer periphery; 
   locating the light source in the offset position beside the focal point and between the focal point and the far field light reflector; and, 
   configuring the light source, the focal point and/or the far field reflector to confine the incident light emanating surfaces of the light source to land on the reflector path segments, with the light source so positioned to minimize incident light from the light source on the reflector line segments, and with each reflector path segment providing an angle of reflectance which is sufficient for substantially all light reflected from the far field light reflector to pass beyond the outer periphery without being incident thereon. 
   In still another alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a reflector portion for a far field lighting fixture, comprising the steps of: 
   establishing a focal point; 
   providing a concave primary reference path positioned relative to the focal point; 
   configuring the reference path and the position of the focal point to form a theoretical reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture with a light source to be located in an offset position between the focal point and the reference path; 
   providing a plurality of secondary reference paths which are concentric with the primary reference path and scaled about the focal point; 
   providing a plurality of radial lines extending from the focal point, each radial line meeting each primary and secondary reference path to form a plurality of path segments, each between adjacent radial lines, and to form a plurality of line segments, each between adjacent path segments; 
   forming a modeled reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture by forming a chain of adjacent groups of one or more path segments, joined by groups of one or more line segments; and 
   forming a far field light reflector based on the modeled reflector profile to provide a plurality of reflector path segments coextensive with the modeled path segments and a plurality of reflector line segments coextensive with the modeled line segments; and, 
   locating the far field light reflector in a housing structure, the housing structure and/or the far field light reflector providing an outer periphery. 
   In yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of forming a far field lighting fixture, comprising the steps of: 
   establishing a focal point; 
   establishing a reference point; 
   providing a concave primary reference path positioned relative to the focal point; 
   configuring the reference path and the position of the focal point to form a theoretical reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture with a light source to be located in an offset position between the reference point and the reference path; 
   providing a plurality of secondary reference paths which are concentric with the primary reference path and scaled about the focal point; 
   providing a plurality of radial lines extending from the reference point, each radial line meeting each primary and secondary reference path to form a plurality of path segments, each between adjacent radial lines, and to form a plurality of line segments, each between adjacent path segments; 
   forming a modeled reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture by forming a chain of adjacent groups of one or more path segments, joined by groups of one or more line segments; 
   forming a far field light reflector based on the modeled reflector profile to provide a plurality of reflector path segments coextensive with the modeled path segments and a plurality of reflector line segments coextensive with the modeled line segments; 
   locating the far field light reflector in a housing structure, the housing structure and/or the far field light reflector providing an outer periphery; 
   locating the light source in the offset position beside the reference point and between the reference point and the far field light reflector; and, 
   configuring the light source, the focal point, the reference point and/or the far field reflector to confine the incident light emanating surfaces of the light source to land on the reflector path segments, with the light source so positioned to minimize incident light from the light source on the reflector line segments, and with each reflector path segment providing an angle of reflectance which is sufficient for substantially all light reflected from the far field light reflector to pass beyond the outer periphery without being incident thereon. 
   In some embodiments, the light source boundary is in the shape of an elongate cylinder with an elongate axis, the reflector segments being planar and parallel to the elongate axis. Each of the reflector segments is coextensive with one of a corresponding plurality of modeled curvilinear reference paths scaled about the focal point. Each of the reflector segments is coextensive with one of a corresponding plurality of modeled parabolic reference paths scaled about the focal point. 
   In some embodiments, the far field reflector portion is formed from an extruded, or molded section or formed using other techniques. The reflector portion may, for instance, include a pair of lateral sections symmetrically extending outwardly from the focal point, or include a single later section asymmetrically arranged relative to the focal point. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Several preferred embodiments of the present invention will be provided, by way of examples only, with reference to the appended drawings, wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a lighting device; 
       FIG. 1   a  is an assembly view of the light fixture including the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIGS. 2 and 3  are perspective and assembly vies of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  is a side view of one portion of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIGS. 5 to 7  are perspective or assembly views of another lighting device; 
       FIG. 8  is a side view of one portion of the device of  FIG. 5 ; 
       FIGS. 9 to 13  are schematic views relating to a method of forming a lighting device; 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  are views relating to a variation on the method of  FIGS. 9 to 13 ; 
       FIG. 16  is a schematic view of another device; and 
       FIG. 17  is a candle power plot for the device of  FIG. 16 . 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   It should be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unless limited otherwise, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and “mounted,” and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect connections, couplings, and mountings. In addition, the terms “connected” and “coupled” and variations thereof are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. Furthermore, and as described in subsequent paragraphs, the specific mechanical configurations illustrated in the drawings are intended to exemplify embodiments of the invention. However, other alternative mechanical configurations are possible which are considered to be within the teachings of the instant disclosure. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the term “or” is to be considered inclusive. 
   Referring to the figures, there is provided a light fixture device  10  having a reflector portion  12  with a pair of parallel longitudinal boundary regions  14  and a pair of parallel lateral boundary regions  18 . As will be described, the reflector portion  12  is shaped according to a longitudinal focal line  22 . In this instance, the longitudinal boundary regions  14  lie in the common plane. 
   The light fixture  10  includes a pair of housing portions  24 ,  26 , each for engaging a corresponding lateral boundary region  18 . At least one, in this case a pair of connector portions shown at  28  is also provided on an opposed second surface region for coupling the housing portions  24 ,  26  together with the reflector portion  12 . The reflector portion  12 , in this case, is formed in an extruded profile, together with the connector portions  28 , as will be described. 
   The reflector portion  12  is further arranged to present a plurality of aligned reflector segments  30 , each of which is oriented relative to the longitudinal focal line  22  and collectively forming a composite reflector with a predetermined focal region. Each reflector segment  30 , in this case, may be substantially perpendicular to a radial path  36  extending between the reflector portion  12  and the longitudinal focal line  22 , or may have a different orientation for a desired optical effect. 
   In this case, the arrangement of the reflector segments  30 , in their collective perpendicular orientation relative to the focal line  22 , is particularly useful for the lighting device  10  to operate as a low profile wide distribution light. The term “low profile” is intended to refer to the thickness dimension “T” which is relatively shallow for the wide light distribution of the resulting light fixture device  10 , when compared to a conventional lighting device providing a similarly wide light distribution. The use of a composite reflector in this case (and in one example made of a number of sectors of a multiple of reflector profiles as will be described) can be compared to the use of a multiple of lens components used in a Fresnel lens, but in this case applied to a reflector. 
   Each housing portion  24 ,  26  has a first mounting flange  40  extending outwardly therefrom. In this example, the first mounting flanges  40  lie in a common plane to be installed in an exterior light casing  42 , as shown in  FIG. 1   a . If desired, the first mounting flanges  40  may alternatively be oriented in different planes according to the intended use of the lighting device  10 . 
   The first mounting flanges  40  include mounting passages  44  to secure the housing portions  24 ,  26  to the external casing  42  by way of fasteners  45 . In addition, the housing portion  26  includes a central passage  46  to receive a light source  50 . 
   The light source  50  includes a socket portion  52  mounted to the housing portion  26  by way of fasteners  56 . The socket portion  52  includes a second mounting flange  54  ( FIG. 3 ), which is coupled with a corresponding first mounting flange  40 , by way of fasteners  56 . 
   Each connector portion  28  has a length according to the length of the reflector portion  12  and is provided with a pair of end regions  58 . 
   Each housing portion  24 ,  26  includes a pair of fastener passages  60  ( FIG. 3 ), each to receive a corresponding end region  58  or a fastener  62  for anchoring the end region  58  therewith. In this case, each end region  58  includes an inner passage  58   a  (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ) and the fastener  62 , in this case, is threadably engaged with the inner passage  58   a . Alternatively, the end region  58  may be arranged to extend through the fastener passages  60  (not shown) if desired. Alternatively, a pair of flanges (not shown) may be formed on the housing portion to engage the corresponding end region  58 . 
   The reflector portion  12  can be seen in  FIG. 4  to be symmetrical about a central reference plane. An alternative light fixture device  70  is shown at  70  in  FIGS. 5 to 8  with a reflector portion  72  which is asymmetrical about a central reference plane. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 9 to 13 , the lighting device  10  may be assembled as follows. First, a modeled reflector portion  74  as shown in  FIG. 12  is prepared, by establishing a reference point  75  immediately adjacent to and/or below a focal region  76  (to be occupied by a light source) as shown in  FIG. 9  and establishing the desired optical characteristics of the resulting lighting device. For instance, the lighting device may be intended as a “wide distribution” device, meaning that the light issued from the focal region and above the reference point  75  as viewed in  FIG. 9  is to be broadcast over a wide area. The optical characteristics may include concentrating light in opposed outer sectors of the wide broadcast area with a shadow in a central region thereof. Alternatively, the optical characteristics may include broadcasting the light evenly over the wide broadcast area. 
   A number of reflector profile lines  78  scaled about the centre of the focal region  76  are then established in a prescribed relationship to one another as shown in  FIG. 10 . The reflector profile lines  78  may be continuous or discontinuous, concentric or nonconcentric, or in some other orientation, again dependent on the desired optical characteristics. 
   Then a number of radius lines  80  may be established as shown in  FIG. 11 , extending radially outwardly from the reference point  75 . The radius lines  80  may be evenly spaced, for example at an angular spacing of between 5 and 15 degrees, such as 5 degrees, or irregularly spaced, again depending on the desired optical characteristics. 
   Next, for each zone  82  between an adjacent pair of radius lines  80 , a sector of one reflector profile line  78  is selected, such as that identified at  84  as shown in  FIG. 12 . Thus, if there are twenty such zones  82  between adjacent pairs of radius lines  80 , then twenty sectors  84  are selected. The modeled reflector portion  74  is then formed by joining the sectors  84  together. In other words, the modeled reflector portion  74  provides the shape of the optically active design surface of the reflector portion  12 . The design surface may then be arranged to provide a mirrored opposed design surface to be used for a reflector on a side opposite a plate traveling through the reference point  75 , as shown in  FIG. 13 . 
   Next, a mold is formed to provide a reflector portion with the optically active design surface. The mold may be of the type to produce an extrusion, as in the present example, or an injection, blow or other molding technique. With the mold formed, reflector portions may thus be formed and finished, such as polished or buffed, painted, plated, or treated with a metalized surface finish as an alternate to polish or buffed, among others methods, in a suitable manner provide a desired optical effect, for example with a clean mirror finish, a diffuse matte finish or the like. 
   The so-formed reflector portion  12  may then be assembled with the housing portions  24 ,  26  by installing fasteners  62  in the integrally formed connector portions  28  to form an assembled lighting device  10 . The same method may be employed to form the light fixture device  70  except that the mirrored opposed design surface (about central plane  86 ) is not required. 
   Thus, in the example of the method explained above, the profile lines  78  are scaled about a centre point of the focal region  76  while the radial lines emanate from the reference point  75 . This means that the curves and the radial lines are referenced to two different locations. However, the curves and the radial lines may, if desired, be referenced to a common point, namely the reference point which in this case is a focal point, as may be seen in  FIGS. 14 and 15 . In this case, the method of  FIGS. 9 to 12  is practiced to form a reflector for a lighting fixture, such as a far field lighting fixture, by first establishing the reference point  75  as the focal point. A concave primary reference path  78  is then provided or established and which is positioned relative to the focal point  75 . The reference path  78  and the position of the focal point  75  are then configured to form a theoretical reflector profile for a far field lighting fixture with a light source to be located in an offset position between the focal point and the reference path. Thus, the focal point may be coincident with the reference point or may not be coincident with the reference point. The focal point may be located between the reference point and the reflective portion, or may be beyond the reference point and on the reflecting side of the reflective portion. 
   Next, a plurality of secondary reference paths are provided or established which are concentric with the primary reference path and scaled about the focal point  75 . A plurality of radial lines  80  are then formed which extend from the focal point  75  with each radial line  80  meeting each primary and secondary reference path  78 . The intersections of the radial lines and the primary and second reference paths thus form a plurality of path segments  84  between adjacent radial lines and a plurality of line segments  88  between adjacent path segments  84 . 
   A modeled reflector profile  74  may then be formed for a far field lighting fixture by joining, in a chain, adjacent groups of one or more path segments with groups of one or more line segments. The profile of the reflector profile  74  is thus shown by trace A which has a horizontal dimension from the focal point measured at Xa and a vertical dimension measured from the lowermost and uppermost edges of the plot by Ya. Alternative profiles, such as shown by path B, may be provided with different dimensions Xb, Yb by joining different combinations of path and line segments. Both profiles should provide similar far field lighting optics since both are based on the same parabolic reference paths  78 , the same radial lines  80  and the same focal point  75 . 
   As schematically shown in  FIG. 16 , a far field light reflector portion  90  may be then be formed based on the modeled reflector profile  74  to provide a plurality of reflector path segments  92  coextensive with the modeled path segments and a plurality of reflector line segments  94  coextensive with the modeled line segments. The far field light reflector portion  90  may then be placed in or integrated with a housing structure shown schematically in dashed lines at  96 , wherein the housing structure and/or the far field light reflector portion provide an outer periphery  98 . 
   One light source  100 , or more than one light source shown schematically at  102 , may then be located in the offset position beside the focal point and/or between the focal point and the far field light reflector  90 . It will be understood that a fixture employing the reflector portion  90  may be considered a linear far field lighting fixture, since the segments are elongate and are configured to the focal point which in the case of a linear fixture is in fact a focal line. However, the concepts may also be applied to a non-linear light fixture, such as a radially oriented light fixture, in which case the focal point does apply both in cross-section and in perspective. The light source  100  has a light emanating surface forming a light source boundary or perimeter  101 . In this case, the light source is a high intensity discharge lamp with an inner frosted envelope defining the light source boundary and an outer transparent envelope  101   a . In this case, the light source boundary  101  is spaced from the focal point. In other cases, the light source may be a fluorescent or incandescent lamp with a frosted outer light emanating surface defining a light source boundary  101   a . Alternatively, the lamp may be a halogen or incandescent light with a transparent envelope around the lamp filament. In this instance, the light source boundary would be chosen between the filament and the transparent envelope. 
   The light source  100 , the focal point  75  and the far field reflector  90  may then be configured to confine the incident light, shown at paths  102 , from the light source boundary  101  to land on the reflector path segments  92 , with the light source  100  so positioned to minimize, if not prevent, incident light from the light source landing directly on the reflector line segments  94 . This of course takes into account the possibility that light from the reflective path segments  92  may in some cases be indirectly reflected off other parts of the fixture, such as external parts of the casing shown in  FIG. 1   a . It will be understood that, in some cases, one or more of the features of the external casing shown in  FIG. 1   a  may not be needed for the range of lighting fixtures contemplated herein. For instance, external light hoods may constrain some far field lighting fixtures, for instance. This is provided by the placement of the focal point relative to the light source. The focal point, in this instance, is immediately beside the light source boundary. For the purposes of the illustration, the focal point is shown precisely on the light source boundary. An aim is to minimize direct incident light from the light source boundary on the reflector line segments. The greater the distance from the light source boundary, the greater the barrier to direct incident light on the reflector lines. 
   Each reflector path segment  94 , in this example, also provide an angle of reflectance, theta, which is sufficient for substantially all light reflected from the far field light reflector to pass beyond the outer periphery  98  without being incident thereon. 
   A candle power plot for the fixture of  FIG. 16  is shown in  FIG. 17 , showing a distribution of light leaving the fixture with a relatively greater intensity at the lateral boundaries to accommodate the spread of the light beam toward the target surface. 
   Thus,  FIG. 16  shows a far field light reflector portion  90  which is coupled with the housing portions as shown in  FIG. 1 , so that the housing portions and/or the far field light reflector define an inner region and cooperating to form an outer fixture periphery. 
   In this case, the light source  100  is a high intensity discharge lamp which includes metal halide, high pressure sodium, and mercury vapor, as examples thereof, with an inner frosted envelope and an outer transparent envelope  101 . In this case, the light source boundary is the inner frosted envelope shown at  101 . In other cases, the light source may be a fluorescent or incandescent lamp with a frosted outer light emanating surface meaning that the outer envelope  101   a  would thus define a light source boundary. Alternatively, the lamp may be a halogen or incandescent light with a transparent envelope around the lamp filament. In this instance, the light source boundary would be a region between the filament and the transparent envelope. In this case, the transparent envelope  101   a  may extend beyond the focal point  75  provided the light source boundary remains at or above the focal point as shown in  FIG. 16 . The far field light reflector portion  90  has its focal point  75  located within the inner region of the housing structure. It can be seen that the focal point  75  faces the far field reflector portion in a first inward direction shown by the arrow  106 . The lamp  100  is so arranged that the light source boundary  101  is offset in the inward direction  106  from the focal point  75  so that the lamp  100  is located between the focal point  75  and the reflector portion  90 . 
   The reflector portion path segments  92  thus provide a plurality of reflector segments, each to receive incident light from the light source boundary  101 . The reflector line segments  94  thus provide a plurality of radial segments, each of which separates a pair of neighboring reflector segments  92 . Further, each radial segment  94  is co-linear with a radial line  80  extending from the focal point  75  (as shown in  FIG. 14 ). It can be seen that each radial segment  94  faces away from the light source boundary  101 . 
   Each reflector segment  92  is positioned relative to the focal point  75  to receive incident light from the light source boundary  101 . Each reflector segment  92  is opposite a corresponding region on the outer boundary  98 . Each reflector segment is thus arranged to emit reflected light at the angle of reflectance, theta, sufficient to direct the reflected light past the outer periphery  98  without being incident thereon. 
   In this example, as in  FIG. 1 , the light source boundary is the shape of an elongate cylinder with an elongate axis co-linear with the focal point  75 , the reflector segments being planar and parallel to the elongate axis. 
   The reflector portion is thus formed from the method described with respect to  FIGS. 14 and 15 . In this case, each of the reflector segments is coextensive with one of a corresponding plurality of modeled curvilinear reference paths scaled about the focal point. In this particular example, the curvilinear reference paths are parabolic curves, though they could be provided in other formations such as partial parabolic curves, circular curves, or partial circular curves or curvilinear paths which are partially curved and partially straight. 
   Thus, the example shown schematically in  FIG. 16  provides a reflector portion and housing structure for fixture with far field optics to illuminate a targeted flat surface with substantially even illumination, such as a sign with relatively close positioning of the fixture to the targeted surface. In some cases, the fixture may reduce the number of fixtures needed and to reduce, if not eliminate, unwanted bright spots or dark spots on the targeted surface. In some cases, the fixture may substantially reduce the distance between the fixture and the targeted surface to ease mounting requirements, by the use of holding arms extending from a wall which can also be a target surface for facade lighting. The fixture thus provides wide angle light distribution to provide the even far field illumination on the target surface. The far field reflector portion in this example provides light directed to out each side with a wide angle light rays relative to the normal of the face of the fixture. 
   It can thus be seen in the example of  FIG. 14  that the reflector is designed as a stepped segmented profile providing the desired distribution. In this case, reflector is formed based on a continuous parabolic reference curve with the a focal point below the light source as viewed in  FIG. 14  and which is configured to reflect light rays out at a substantially continuous high angle and within the reflector opening and to minimize, if not prevent, multiple light reflections. A number of parabolic curves are then copied from the reference curve and scaled about the focal point. Concentric radial lines are drawn emanating from the focal point at constant angle and a reflector profile may then be sketched by tracing the parabolic curves and radial lines alternating in a step fashion to fit within a desired thickness. With the reflector so formed, one or more lamps may then be positioned between the focal point and the reflector where the focal point is situated outside light emanating surfaces of the lamp(s). With this arrangement, theoretically, no primary light coming from light emanating surfaces of the lamp fall on the segments of the reflector traced along the radial lines, thereby minimizing, if not eliminating, unwanted stray light. Further, all primary light coming from light emanating surfaces of the lamp falls on controlling parabolic traced segments of the reflector. In the example of  FIG. 16 , secondary light with one reflection from the reflector will pass across the central symmetrical line of the reflector, and exit the fixture with a second reflection, resulting in this case in a high efficiency wide light distribution fixture meeting the requirements of providing an even illumination on a flat target surface in the far field. 
   Thus, in one example, a traditional reflector shape may be formed, in this case a reflector with wide distribution. Multiple shapes, each at a scale of the original shape centralized to the centre of the focal region. A set of lines may then be created, each emanating from the below the lowest section of the lamp, or other light source, and spaced every 5 degrees in an angular rotation. A new reflector shape may then be formed by stepping by alternating trace between the scaled reflector profiles and lines of constant angular spacing. An opposing reflector shape may then be mirrored about a vertical line passing through the lamp or focal centre, or alternatively be shaped in different manner, such as by providing a flat reflective surface as shown at  88  in  FIG. 5  for the light device  70 . In this case, the resulting design surface may be extruded or spun to make a three dimensional form, in one example to perform as a low profile reflector. In other examples, the connector portion(s) may be formed separately from the reflector portion. 
   The device is particularly useful for lighting devices which need a “low profile” or shallow dimensions which would otherwise not be achievable while providing a wide light distribution. That being said, one or more features of the lighting devices and methods disclosed herein may be applied to applications which are not necessarily “low profile”. The examples of the device and method herein may be applied to far field or wide angle flood or area lights mounted on walls, poles or the light, both for external and internal illumination, as well as to linear fixtures for interior office lighting and/or indoor industrial, commercial lighting for instance. 
   While the present invention has been described for what are presently considered the preferred embodiments, the invention is not so limited. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.