Patent Publication Number: US-2010118675-A1

Title: Recording and reproduction apparatus, reproduction apparatus, and host apparatus

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a recording and reproduction apparatus which reads and writes information from and to a recording medium such as an optical disc, and a host apparatus connected to the recording and reproduction apparatus. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In recent years, along with the advancement of the multimedia technology and the arrival of high-capacity recording media, digital contents (hereinafter referred to as contents) including audio and video stored in the high-capacity recording media such as optical discs have been actively distributed. The importance of copyright protection is increasing, because distributed contents are easily subject to be reproduced by computers, reproduction apparatuses and others. 
     The Blu-ray Discs (BD) and the HD-DVDs are the next-generation optical discs for recording high-image quality contents, and the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) standard has been formulated as a copyright protection scheme for the next-generation optical discs. Currently, a copyright protection scheme known as the Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM) is used for recording contents of standard image quality on DVDs. Meanwhile, the application of the AACS as the copyright protection scheme for recording high-image quality contents on conventional the DVDs has been considered. 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     Problems that Invention is to Solve 
     However, in the AACS, there are components dependent on the types of media (recordable type: BD-R/RE, HD-DVD-R/RW, BD9-R/RE, HD-DVD9-R/RW, reproduction-only type: BD-ROM, HD-DVD-ROM) and common components independent of the type of media. Thus, in order to achieve the universal drive, it is necessary to perform recording and reproduction based on the AACS according to the type of media. 
     Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a universal drive (recording and reproduction apparatus, host apparatus) capable of recording and reproducing high-image quality contents on and from various media, such as BD, HD-DVD, DVD and others according to the AACS. 
     Means to Solve the Problems 
     In order to achieve the above object, the recording and reproduction apparatus according to the present invention is a recording and reproduction apparatus connected to a host apparatus, which reads information from and writes the information onto a recording medium, the recording and reproduction apparatus including: a reading and writing unit which reads and writes the information from and onto the recording medium; an identifying unit which identifies a type of the recording medium based on the information read from the recording medium by the reading and writing unit; and a copyright protection unit which performs an operation for copyright protection associated with a result of the identification by the identifying unit. Thus, the operation associated with the type of the recording medium is performed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a recording and reproduction apparatus which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Here, it may be that the identifying unit identifies the type as a first type or a second type, the copyright protection unit includes: a storage unit in which a host revocation list is stored; a comparison unit which reads a host revocation list from the recording medium via the reading and writing unit and to compare (a) the host revocation list that has been read and (b) the host revocation list stored in the storage unit to identify a newest host revocation list, when the identifying unit identifies the type as the first type; an updating unit which (a) stores, in the storage unit, the newest host revocation list identified in the comparison by the comparison unit, or (b) updates, via the reading and writing unit, the host revocation list recorded on the recording medium, according to a result of the comparison by the comparison unit; and an authentication unit which performs authentication with the host apparatus using the newest host revocation list identified in the comparison by the comparison unit. Thus, it is possible to update the host revocation list stored in the storage unit using the method according to the type of the recording medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide the recording and reproduction apparatus which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Furthermore, it may be that the identifying unit identifies the type as a first type or a second type, the reading and writing unit reads a unique disc identifier from the recording medium, and the copyright protection unit includes: an ID extension unit which performs bit-extension on the unique disc identifier that has been read from the recording medium by the reading and writing unit, when the identifying unit identifies the type as the first type; and an input and output unit which transmits the unique disc identifier bit-extended by the ID extension unit to the host apparatus when the identifying unit identifies the type as the first type, and to transmit the unique disc identifier read from the recording medium by the reading and writing unit to the host apparatus when the identifying unit identifies the type as the second type. Thus, it is possible to extend media ID using a method according to the type of the recording medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide the recording and reproduction apparatus which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     The host apparatus according to the present invention is a host apparatus connected to a recording and reproduction apparatus which reads information from and writes the information to a recording medium, the host apparatus including: a first input and output unit which inputs and outputs the information to and from the recording and reproduction apparatus; and a copyright protection unit which performs an operation for copyright protection associated with a type of the recording medium based on information related to the recording medium, the information being received from the recording and reproduction apparatus via the first input and output unit, in which the recording and reproduction apparatus includes a second input and output unit which inputs and outputs the information to and from the host apparatus, the second input and output unit transmits record information and type information to the host apparatus as the information related to the recording medium, the record information indicating whether or not key information is recorded on a user area of the recording medium, and the type information indicating whether a type of the recording medium is the first type or the second type, and the copyright protection unit includes: a storage unit which stores key information; a first key information reception unit which obtains the key information recorded on the user area of a recording medium of the first type via the recording and reproduction apparatus and the first input and output unit; and a second key information reception unit which obtains the key information recorded on the user area of a recording medium of the second type and the key information recorded on a lead-in area of the recording medium of the second type via the recording and reproduction apparatus and the first input and output unit. Thus, it is possible to record the key information using the method according to the type of the recording medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide the host apparatus which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Still further, it may be that the copyright protection unit further includes: a first comparison unit which compares the key information obtained by the first key information reception unit and the key information stored in the storage unit to identify newest key information when (a) the type information indicates the first type and (b) the record information indicates that the key information is recorded on the user area of the recording medium; a first updating unit which (i) records the key information stored in the storage unit on the user area of the recording medium of the first type via the first input and output unit and the recording and reproduction apparatus, when (i-1) the type information indicates the first type and (i-2) the record information indicates that the key information is not recorded on the user area of the recording medium, and (ii) records the newest key information identified in the comparison by the first comparison unit on the user area of the recording medium of the first type or store the newest key information on the storage unit, according to a result of the comparison by the first comparison unit, when (ii-1) the type information indicates the first type and (ii-2) the record information indicates that the key information is recorded on the user area on the recording medium; a second comparison unit which compares (i) the key information on the lead-in area obtained by the second key information reception unit and the key information stored in the storage unit to identify the newest key information, when (i-1) the type information indicates the second type and (i-2) the record information indicates that the key information is not recorded on the user area of the recording medium, and (ii) (a) the key information on the user area, (b) the key information on the lead-in area obtained by the second key information reception unit and (c) the key information stored in the storage unit to identify the newest key information, when (ii-1) the type information indicates the second type and (ii-2) the record information indicates that the key information is recorded on the user area of the recording medium; and a second updating unit which (i) (a) records the newest key information identified in the comparison by the second comparison unit, on the user area of the recording medium of the second type via the first input and output unit and the recording and reproduction apparatus and (b) stores, according to a result of the comparison by the second comparison unit, the newest key information on the storage unit, when (i-1) the type information indicates the second type and (i-2) the record information indicates that the key information is not recorded on the user area of the recording medium, and (ii) (a) records the newest key information identified in the comparison by the second comparison unit on the user area of the recording medium of the second type via the first input and output unit and the recording and reproduction apparatus and/or (b) stores the newest key information on the storage unit, when (ii-1) the type information indicates the second type and (ii-2) the record information indicates that the key information is recorded on the user area of the recording medium, according to a result of the comparison by the second comparison unit. Thus, it is possible to record the key information using the method according to the type of the recording medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide the host apparatus which is capable of recording and reproducing the high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Furthermore, it maybe that the identifying unit identifies the type as a first type or a second type, the copyright protection unit includes: a signal processing unit which generates a sum signal and a differential signal based on the information read by the reading and writing unit, the sum signal being for reading digital information configured on a track of the recording medium and the differential signal indicating a tracking error; a first key transformation data generating unit which demodulates key transformation data recorded on a recording medium of the first type; a first demodulator which demodulates data recorded on the recording medium of the first type; a second key transformation data generating unit which demodulates key transformation data recorded on a recording medium of the second type; a second demodulator which demodulates data recorded on the recording medium of the second type; and a switching unit which switches connections between the signal processing unit and one of the first demodulator, the second demodulator, the first key transformation data generating unit, and the second key transformation data generating unit such that (i) the sum signal output from the signal processing unit is input to the first demodulator and the differential signal output from the signal processing unit is input to the first key transformation unit, when the identifying unit identifies the type as the first type, and (ii) the sum signal output from the signal processing unit is input to the second demodulator and the second key transformation data generating unit, when the identifying unit identifies the type as the second type. Thus, it is possible to read (generate) the key transformation data using the method according to the type of the recording medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide the recording and reproduction apparatus which is capable of recording and reproducing the high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, DVD according to the AACS. 
     Note that the present invention may not only implemented as the recording and reproduction apparatus, but also as a recording and reproduction method including the characteristic units of the recording and reproduction apparatus as steps, as a reproduction apparatus including the characteristic units of the recording and reproduction apparatus, as a reproduction method including the characteristic units of the recording and reproduction apparatus as steps, and a program which causes a computer to execute these steps. Furthermore, it is needless to say that the program can be distributed via a data transmission media. 
     Effects of the Invention 
     As described above, according to the present invention, the operation for copyright protection associated with the type of the recording medium is performed. It is possible to provide a universal drive (recording and reproduction apparatus, host apparatus) capable of recording and reproducing high-image quality contents on and from various media, such as BD, HD-DVD, DVD and others according to the AACS. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an overall structure of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates data configuration of BD-R/RE. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates data configuration of HD-DVD-R/RW. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates data configuration of BD9-R/RE. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates data configuration of HD-DVD9-R/RW. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a functional block diagram of a drive according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a functional block diagram of a drive according to the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive according to the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive according to the third embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive according to the third embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive and the host according to the fourth embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive according to the fourth embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive according to the fifth embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive according to the fifth embodiment. 
     
    
    
     NUMERICAL REFERENCE 
     
         
           10  Drive 
           11  Readout unit 
           12  Media type identifying unit 
           13  Data analysis unit 
           14  Authentication unit 
           15  Input and output unit 
           20  Drive 
           21  Readout and writing unit 
           22  Media type identifying unit 
           23  Old-new comparison unit 
           24  Updating unit 
           25  HRL storage unit 
           26  Authentication unit 
           27  Input and output unit 
           30  Drive 
           31  Readout unit 
           32  Media type identifying unit 
           33  ID extension unit 
           34  Input and output unit 
           40  Drive 
           41  Readout and writing unit 
           42  Media type identifying unit 
           43  Input and output unit 
           50  Host 
           51  Input and output unit 
           52  MKB request and reception unit 
           53  MKB old-new comparison unit 
           54  Updating unit 
           55  MKB storage unit 
           56  Updating unit 
           57  MKB request and reception unit 
           58  MKB old-new comparison unit 
           60  Drive 
           61  Readout unit 
           62  Media type identifying unit 
           63  Analog signal processing unit 
           64  Key transformation data generating unit 
           65  Demodulator 
           66  Demodulator 
           67  Error correction unit 
           68  Error correction unit 
           69  Key transformation data generating unit 
           70  Input and output unit 
         M Media 
         S, S 1 , S 2  Switch 
       
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail as follows with reference to the drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an overall structure of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the present invention can be applied to a recording and reproduction apparatus such as a drive D which reads and writes information from and to a recording media M, and can also be applied to a host apparatus H such as a personal computer, connected to the drive D. Here, although the drive D is illustrated as an external apparatus of the host apparatus H, the drive D may be embedded in the host apparatus H. The present invention is also applicable to a recorder in which the drive D and the host H are integrated. The detail of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail assuming that the recording medium M uses the AACS as the copyright protection scheme. 
     First, the points where the AACS is dependent of the type of recording medium (media) is explained. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates data configuration of BD-R/RE. 
     BD-R/RE is an example of a recording medium according to the present invention, and includes “Lead-in Area”, “BCA”, and “User Area”. The “Lead-in Area” and the “BCA” are areas where the user cannot read or write freely, and the “User Area” is an area where the user can read or write freely. As shown in  FIG. 2 , a media ID which is an identifier unique to each media is recorded on the “BCA” upon shipment from the factory. Nothing is recorded on the “Lead-in Area” and the “User Area”. 
     The drive stores a Host Revocation List (HRL). The HRL is a host revocation list used for an authentication between the drive and the host, and IDs of the hosts to be revoked are recorded. The host stores a Media Key Block (MKB). The MKB is key information used for encrypting and decrypting the contents, and revokes invalid keys. Both the HRL and the MKB are information related to the copyright protection. The HRL stored in the drive is recorded on the “Lead-in Area” of the media when recording data on the media or when initializing the media. The MKB stored in the host is also recorded on the “User Area” of the media when recording data on the media or when initializing the media. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates data configuration of HD-DVD-R/RW. 
     HD-DVD-R/RW is an example of a recording medium according to the present invention, and includes “Lead-in Area”, “BCA”, and “User Area”. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the MKB and the HRL are recorded on the “Lead-in Area”, and the media ID is recorded on the “BCA”, upon shipment from the factory. Nothing is recorded on the “User Area”. The host stores the MKB. The MKB stored in the host is also recorded on the “User Area” of the media when recording data on the media or when initializing the media. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates data configuration of BD9-R/RE. 
     BD-9R/RE is an example of a recording medium according to the present invention, and includes “Lead-in Area”, “BCA”, and “User Area”. BD9 is a current DVD in which information is recorded using the format for BD. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the “MKB for CPRM” is recorded on the “Lead-in Area”, and the media ID is recorded on the “BCA”, upon shipment from the factory. The “MKB for CPRM” indicates an MKB for the Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM). The CPRM is a copyright protection scheme adapted to conventional DVDs and others. When simply referred to as the “MKB”, it denotes an MKB for the AACS. The HRL may be recorded on the “Lead-in Area”. More specifically, no HRL is recorded on DVDs that have already been in the market, however, it is possible that the HRL will be recorded on DVDs that will be manufactured in the future. 
     Similar to the case of BD, there is a case where the HRL is recorded on the drive and the MKB is recorded in the host. When the HRL recorded on the drive is the newest HRL, more specifically, when the HRL stored in the drive is newer than the HRL recorded on the “Lead-in Area” of the media, the HRL stored in the drive is recorded on the “Lead-in Area” of the media when recording the data on the media or when initializing the media. The MKB stored in the host is also recorded on the “User Area” of the media when recording data on the media or when initializing the media. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates data configuration of HD-DVD9-R/RW. 
     HD-DVD9-R/RW is an example of a recording medium according to the present invention, and includes “Lead-in Area”, “BCA”, and “User Area”. The HD-DVD9 is a current DVD in which information is recorded using the format for HD-DVD. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the “MKB for CPRM” is recorded on the “Lead-in Area”, and the media ID is recorded on the “BCA”, upon shipment from the factory. The HRL may be recorded on the “Lead-in Area”. More specifically, no HRL is recorded on DVDs that have already been in the market, however, it is possible that the HRL will be recorded on DVDs that will be manufactured in the future. Furthermore, when no HRL is recorded on the media, the drive, for example, performs authentication, judging that there is no host to be revoked. 
     Similar to the case of the HD-DVD, the HRL is not stored in the drive. However, there are cases where the MKB is stored in the host. The MKB stored in the host is also recorded on the “User Area” of the media when recording data on the media or when initializing the media 
     In the AACS, when authentication is performed between the host and the drive, the HRL recorded on the media is read by the drive. The HRL that has been read is used for authentication between the host and the drive. Here, as shown in  FIGS. 2 to 5 , there are cases where the HRLs are recorded on different areas, depending on the type of media. In the first embodiment, an embodiment where the HRL is read according to the type of media will be explained. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive  10  according to the first embodiment. 
     The drive  10  is an example of the recording and reproduction apparatus according to the present invention, and includes a readout unit  11 , a media type identifying unit  12 , a data analysis unit  13 , an authentication unit  14 , and an input and output unit  15 . The readout unit  11  is an example of the reading and writing unit according to the present invention, and reads and writes information from and to the media M. The media type identifying unit  12  is an example of the identifying unit according to the present invention, and identifies whether the type of the media M is a first type or a second type based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  11 . The data analysis unit  13  is an example of the copyright protection unit according to the present invention, and analyzes the data read by the readout unit  11 . The authentication unit  14  is an example of the authentication unit according to the present invention, and performs authentication between the drive  10  and the host (not shown) connected to the drive  10 . The input and output unit  15  inputs and outputs information to and from the host. In the first embodiment, HD-DVD-R/RW, BD9-R/RE, and HD-DVD9-R/RW are exemplified as the media M of the first type and BD-R/RE is exemplified as the media M of the second type. It is needless to say that the type of media M is not limited to the examples listed above. 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive  10  according to the first embodiment. 
     First, the readout unit  11  reads information from the media M (S 11 ), and transmits the information that has been read to the media type identifying unit  12 . The media type identifying unit  12  identifies whether the type of the media M is HD-DVD-R/RW, BD9-R/RE, or HD-DVD9-R/RW, or BD-R/RE based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  11 . 
     There are various methods to identify the type of media, and the methods are not particularly limited. For example, (1) difference in physical media, (2) difference in properties of physical media, or (3) difference in application layers is identified. (1) The difference in the physical media refers to, for example, whether the media is a BD, an HD-DVD, or a DVD. (2) The difference in the property of the physical media refers to the difference, for example, whether the physical media is read-only memory (ROM), or writable memory (R/RE/RW). The difference in the application layers refers to the difference, for example, whether the data is recorded on the recording format of BD or the format of HD-DVD. Subsequently, the type of media is identified by the difference indicated by the combination of (1), (2), and (3). For example, the result of identifying the difference in the physical media (1) indicates that the media is a BD. Furthermore, the result of identifying the difference in the property of physical media (2) indicates the physical media is a read only memory (ROM). Furthermore, the result of identifying the difference of the application layers (3) indicates that the data is recorded using the recording format of BD. In this case, it is identified that the type of the media is BD-ROM. 
     There are various methods for identifying the difference shown in (1), (2), and (3), and the methods are not particularly limited. For example, fundamental difference such as the difference in CD/DVD/BD/HD-DVD can be checked through trial and error. Subsequently, the difference of ROM/R/RW may be checked by checking “Book Type”. The “Book Type” is a type of media (ID) recorded on a predetermined area on the media M. Alternatively, various methods, for example, a method for detecting a wobble to distinguish ROM and R/RW, and a method for detecting PUSH/PULL signal can be used. 
     Here, when the media type identifying unit  12  identifies that the type of the media M is one of HD-DVD-R/RW, BD9-R/RE, and HD-DVD9-R/RW, the media type determining unit  12  switches a switch S so that the readout unit  11  and the data analysis unit  13  are connected. More specifically, when the type of the media M is one of HD-DVD-R/RW, BD9-R/RE, and HD-DVD9-R/RW, the MKB (“MKB for CPRM” in the case of BD9-R/RE and HD-DVD9-R/RW) and the HRL is recorded on the “Lead-in Area” of the media M in that order. Since the size of the MKB is variable, the data analysis unit  13  calculates the size of the MKB read by the readout unit  11  (S 13 ). Subsequently, record location of the HRL on the media M is analyzed based on the calculated size of MKB and the analysis result  13  notifies the readout unit  11  of the analysis result. The readout unit  11  reads the HRL from the notified record location (S 14 ). The read HRL is transmitted to the authentication unit  14  via the data analysis unit  13 , and authentication is performed by the authentication process unit  14  (S 16 ). 
     Meanwhile, when the type of the media M is identified as BD-R/RE, the media type identifying unit  12  switches the switch S so that the readout unit  11  and the authentication unit  14  are connected. More specifically, when the type of the media M is BD, only the HRL is recorded on the “Lead-in Area” of the media M, and thus the HRL can be directly read from the media M (S 15 ). Subsequently, the HRL read by the readout unit  11  is directly transmitted to the authentication unit  14 , and authentication is performed by the authentication unit  14  (S 16 ) 
     As described above, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to read the HRL using a method according to the type of the media M. Therefore, it is possible to provide a universal drive which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Note that the switch S may not be a physical switch, but may be a control unit which switches processes according to the identification result of the media type identifying unit  12 . 
     Second Embodiment 
     There are cases where the versions of the HRL recorded on the media and the HRL stored in the drive are different. In response to this, in the second embodiment, an embodiment for updating the HRLs based on a method according to the type of media is explained. Note that the description common to the first embodiment shall be omitted in the following description. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive  20  according to the second embodiment. 
     The drive  20  is an example of the recording and reproduction apparatus according to the present invention, and includes a readout and writing unit  21 , a media type identifying unit  22 , an old-new comparison unit  23 , an updating unit  24 , an HRL storage unit  25 , a authentication unit  26 , and an input and output unit  27 . The readout and writing unit  21  is an example of the reading and writing unit according to the present invention, and reads and writes information from and to the media M. The media type identifying unit  22  is an example of the identifying unit according to the present invention, and identifies whether the type of the media M is a first type or a second type based on the information read from the media M by the readout and writing unit  21 . The old-new comparison unit  23  is an example of the comparison unit according to the present invention, and when the media type identifying unit identifies the type of the media M as the first type, reads the HRL from the media M via the readout and writing unit  21 , and compares (a) the HRL that has been read and (b) the HRL stored in the HRL storage unit  25  to identify the newest HRL. The updating unit  24  is an example of the updating unit according to the present invention, and stores the newest HRL identified in the comparison by the old-new comparison unit  23  in the HRL storage unit  25 , or updates the HRL recorded on the media M via the readout and writing unit  21 . The HRL storage unit  25  is an example of the storage unit according to the present invention, and stores the HRL. The authentication unit  26  is an example of the authentication unit according to the present invention, and perform authentication with the host (not shown) connected to the drive  10  using the newest HRL identified in the comparison by the old-new comparison unit  23 . The input and output unit  27  inputs and outputs information to and from the host. In the second embodiment, BD-R/RE and BD9-R/RE are exemplified as the media M of the first type, and HD-DVD-R/RW and HD-DVD9-R/RW are exemplified as the media M of the second type. It is needless to say that the type of media M is not limited to the examples listed above. 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive  20  according to the second embodiment. 
     First, the readout unit  21  reads information from the media M (S 21 ), and transmits the information that has been read to the media type identifying unit  22 . The media type identifying unit  22  identifies whether the type of the media M is BD-R/RE, BD9-R/RE, or HD-DVD9-R/RW based on the information read from the media M by the readout and writing unit  21 . 
     Here, when the media type identifying unit  22  identifies that the type of the media M is one of BD-R/RE or BD9-R/RE, the media type determining unit  22  switches the switch S so that the readout and writing unit  21  and the old-new comparison unit  23  are connected. Subsequently, the old-new comparison unit  23  reads the HRL from the media M via the readout and writing unit  21 . The old-new comparison unit  23  then compares (a) the read HRL and (b) the HRL stored in the HRL storage unit  25  to identify the newest HRL (S 23 ), and the old-new comparison unit  23  notifies the updating unit  24  of the comparison result. The updating unit  24  updates the HRL on the media M or the drive  20  based on the notified comparison result (S 24 ). More specifically, when the HRL recorded on the media M is the newest HRL, the HRL recorded on the media M is stored in the HRL storage unit  25 . On the other hand, when the HRL stored in the HRL storage unit  25  is the newest HRL, the HRL stored in the HRL storage unit  25  is recorded on the media M. The authentication unit  26  performs authentication using the newest HRL (S 25 ). 
     Meanwhile, when the media type identifying unit  22  identifies the type of the media M as HD-DVD-R or HD-DVD9-R/RW, the media type identifying unit  22  switches the switch S so that the readout and writing unit  21  and the authentication unit  26  are connected. More specifically, when the type of the media M is one of HD-DVD-R/RW, HD-DVD9-R/RW, the HRL recorded on the media M is not updated. Here, the authentication unit  26  performs authentication using the HRL read by the readout and writing unit  21  (S 25 ). 
     As described above, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to update the HRL stored in the drive using a method according to the type of the media M. Therefore, it is possible to provide a universal drive which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Third Embodiment 
     There are cases where bit lengths of the media ID differ depending on the type of media. When the host requests the drive to transmit the media ID, adjusting the bit lengths of media IDs on the drive side allows the host to obtain a media ID of a predetermined length regardless of the type of the media, which simplifies the structure of the host. Thus, in the third embodiment, an embodiment for extending the media ID based on a method according to the type of media shall be explained. Note that the description common to the first embodiment shall be omitted in the following description. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive  30  according to the third embodiment. 
     The drive  30  is an example of the recording and reproduction apparatus according to the present invention, and includes a readout unit  31 , a media type identifying unit  32 , an ID extension unit  33 , and an input and output unit  34 . The readout unit  31  is an example of the reading and writing unit according to the present invention, and reads and writes information from and to the media M. The media type identifying unit  32  is an example of the identifying unit according to the present invention, and identifies whether the type of the media M is a first type or a second type based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  31 . The ID extension unit  33  is an example of the ID extension unit according to the present invention. When the media type identifying unit  32  identifies the type of the media M as the first type, the ID extension unit  33  performs bit-extension on the media ID read from the media M by the readout unit  31 . When (a) the media type identifying unit  32  identifies the type of media M as the first type, the input and output unit  34  transmits the media ID bit-extended by the ID extension unit  33  to the host, and (b) the media type identifying unit  32  identifies the type of media M as the second type, the input and output unit  34  transmits the media ID read by the readout unit  31  to the host. In the third embodiment, BD9-R/RE, HD-DVD9-R/RW are exemplified as the media M of the first type, and BD-R/RE, HD-DVD-R/RW are exemplified as the media M of the second type. It is needless to say that the type of media M is not limited to the examples listed above. 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive  30  according to the third embodiment. 
     First, the readout unit  31  reads information from the media M (S 31 ), and transmits the information that has been read to the media type identifying unit  32 . The media type identifying unit  32  identifies whether the type of the media M is BD9-R/RE, HD-DVD9-R/RW or BD-R/RE, HD-DVD-R/RW based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  31  (S 32 ). 
     Here, when the media type identifying unit  32  identifies that the type of the media M is BD9-R/RE or HD-DVD9-R/RW, the media type determining unit  32  switches a switch S so that the readout unit  31  and the ID extension unit  33  are connected. When the type of the media M is BD9-R/RE or HD-DVD9-R/RW, a 64-bit media ID is recorded on the “BCA” on the media M. Here, the ID extension unit  33  reads the media ID from the “BCA” on the media M via the readout unit  31 . Subsequently, the read media ID is extended to 128 bits (S 33 ), and the bit-extended media ID is transmitted to the input and output unit  34 . The input and output unit  34  transmits the bit-extended media ID to the host (S 34 ). The method for bit-extension is not particularly limited, and may be performed by any method as long as uniqueness of the media ID is assured. For example, by connecting two 64-bit media IDs can produce a 128-bit media ID. 
     Meanwhile, when the type of the media M is identified as BD-R/RE or HD-DVD-R/RW, the media type identifying unit  32  switches the switch S so that the readout unit  31  and the input and output unit  34  are connected. When the type of media M is BD or HD-DVD, a 128-bit media ID is recorded on the “BCA” on the media M. In this case, the input and output unit  34  transmits the 128-bit media ID read by the readout unit  31  to the host (S 34 ). 
     As described above, according to the third embodiment, it is possible to extend media ID using a method according to the type of the media. Therefore, it is possible to provide a universal drive which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
     There are cases where the version of MKB recorded on the media and the version of MKB stored in the host are different. In response to this, in the fourth embodiment, an embodiment for updating the MKB based on a method according to the type of media shall be explained. Note that the description common to the first embodiment will be omitted in the following description. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a functional block diagram of a drive  40  and a host  50  according to the fourth embodiment. 
     The drive  40  is an example of the recording and reproduction apparatus according to the present invention, and includes a readout and writing unit  41 , a media type identifying unit  42 , and an input and output unit  43 . The readout and writing unit  41  is an example of the reading and writing unit according to the present invention, and reads and writes information from and to the media M. The media type identifying unit  42  is an example of the identifying unit according to the present invention, and identifies whether the type of the media M is a first type or a second type based on the information read from the media M by the readout and writing unit  41 . The input and output unit  44  is an example of the second input and output unit according to the present invention, and inputs and outputs information to and from the host  50 . More specifically, the input and output unit  44  transmits record information whether or not the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M is recorded, and the type information of the media M to the host  50  as the information regarding the media M. 
     The host  50  is an example of the host apparatus according to the present invention, and includes an input and output unit  51 , and MKB request and reception unit  52 , an MKB old-new comparison unit  53 , an updating unit  54 , an MKB storage unit  55 , an updating unit  56 , an MKB request and reception unit  57 , and an MKB old-new comparison unit  58 . The input and output unit  51  is an example of the first input and output unit according to the present invention, and inputs and outputs information to and from the drive  40 . The MKB request and reception unit  52  is an example of the first key information reception unit according to the present invention, and when the type of the media M is the first type, obtains the MKB recorded on the “User Area” on the media M via the drive  40  and the input and output unit  51 . The MKB old-new comparison unit  53  is an example of the first comparison unit according to the present invention, and when (a) the type of the media M is the first type, and (b) the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M, compares (a) the MKB obtained by the MKB request and reception unit  52  and (b) the MKB stored in MKB storage unit  55  to identify the newest MKB. The updating unit  54  is an example of the first updating unit according to the present invention, and when the type of media M is a first type and no MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M, records the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  on the “User Area” on the media M of the first type, according to the comparison result of the MKB old-new comparison unit  53  via the input and output unit  51  and the drive  40 . Furthermore, the updating unit  54 , when the type of the media M is the first type and the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M, records the newest MKB on the “User Area” of the media M of the first type or stores the MKB in the MKB storage unit  55 , according to the comparison result of the MKB old-new comparison unit  53 . The newest MKB is identified in the comparison by the MKB old-new comparison unit  53 , and the newest MKB is recorded via the input and output unit  51  and the drive  40 . The MKB storage unit  55  is an example of the storage unit according to the present invention, and stores MKBs. The MKB request and reception unit  57  is an example of the second key information reception unit according to the present invention, and when the type of the media M is the second type, obtains the MKB recorded on the “User Area” and the “Lead-in Area” on the media M via the drive  40  and the input and output unit  51 . The MKB old-new comparison unit  58  is an example of the second comparison unit according to the present invention, and when (a) the type of the media M is the second type, and (b) no MKB is recorded on the “User Area” of the media M, compares the MKB obtained by the MKB request and reception unit  57  and the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  to identify the newest MKB, and when (a) the type of the media M is the second type and (b) the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M, compares old and new of (a) the MKB recorded on the “User Area” obtained by the MKB request and reception unit  57  (b) the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” on the media M, and (c) the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55 . The updating unit  56  is the second updating unit according to the present invention, and when (a) the type of media M is the second type and (b) no MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M, records the newest MKB identified in the comparison by the MKB old-new comparison unit  58  on the “User Area” of the media M of the second type, and stores the newest MKB on the MKB storage unit  55  according to the comparison result of the MKB old-new comparison unit  58  via the input and output unit  51  and the drive  40 . Furthermore, when the type of the media M is the second type and the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M, the updating unit  56  records the newest MKB identified in the comparison by the MKB old-new comparison unit  58  according to the comparison result of the MKB old-new comparison unit  58  on the “User Area” on the media M of the second type, and/or stores in the MKB storage unit  55  via the input and output unit  51  and the drive  40 . In the fourth embodiment, BD-R/RE, BD9-R/RW, and HD-DVD9-R/RW are exemplified as the media M of the first type and HD-DVD-R/RW is exemplified as the media M of the second type. It is needless to say that the type of media M is not limited to the examples listed above. 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive  40  according to the fourth embodiment. 
     First, the readout unit  41  reads information from the media M (S 41 ), and transmits the information that has been read to the media type identifying unit  42 . The media type identifying unit  42  identifies, whether the type of media is BD-R/RE, BD9-R/RE, or HD-DVD9-R/RW, HD-DVD-R/RW, and whether the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M (S 42 ). The identification result is notified of the input and output unit  51  of the host  50  via the input and output unit  43 . 
     Here, when the type of media M is one of BD-R/RE, BD9-R/RE, and HD-DVD9-R/RW, the input and output unit  51  switches the switch S such that the input and output unit  51  and the MKB request and reception unit  52  are connected. When the MKB is not recorded on the “User Area” on the media M (No in S 43 ), the updating unit  54  records the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  on the “User Area” on the media M. On the other hand, when the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M (Yes in S 43 ), the MKB old-new comparison unit  53  compares (a) the MKB recorded on the “User Area” of the media M and (b) the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  to identify the newest MKB (S 45 ). With this, when the MKB recorded on the “User Area” on the media M is identified as the newest MKB, the updating unit  54  stores the MKB recorded on the “User Area” on the media M in the MKB storage unit  55  (S 46 ). When the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  is identified as the newest MKB, the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  is recorded on the “User Area” of the media M (S 46 ). 
     Meanwhile, when the type of the media M is identified as HD-DVD-R/RW, the input and output unit  51  switches the switch S so that the input and output unit  51  and the MKB request and reception unit  57  are connected. Furthermore, when the MKB is not recorded on the “User Area” of the media M (No in S 47 ), the MKB old-new comparison unit  58  compares (a) the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” on the media M and (b) the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit to identify the newest MKB (S 48 ). Thus, when (a) the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  56  is identified as the newest MKB, the updating unit  56  records the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  on the “User Area” on the media M, and (b) the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” on the media M is identified as the newest MKB, the updating unit  56  records the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” on the media M on the “User Area” on the media M and on the MKB storage unit (S 49 ). On the other hand, when the MKB is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M (Yes in S 47 ), the MKB old-new comparison unit  58  compares (a) the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” of the media M and (b) the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  to identify the newest MKB (S 50 ). With this, when the MKB recorded on the “User Area” on the media M is identified as the newest MKB, the updating unit  56  stores the MKB recorded on the “User Area” on the media M in the MKB storage unit  55  (S 51 ). Alternatively, when the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” on the media M is identified as the newest MKB, the MKB recorded on the “Lead-in Area” on the media M is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M and is stored in the MKB storage unit  55  (S 51 ). When the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  is identified as the newest MKB, the MKB stored in the MKB storage unit  55  is recorded on the “User Area” on the media M (S 51 ). 
     As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to record the MKB using a method according to the type of the media. Therefore, it is possible to provide a universal drive which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     Fifth Embodiment 
     There are cases where the user wishes to read volume ID (key transformation data) recorded on the media. The volume ID is an ID for identifying a stamper, and there are several methods to record the volume ID on the media. For example, the first method is a method of embedding the volume ID on the tracking signal as shown in  FIG. 1   b  of U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,286 (patent reference 1). Alternatively, as the second method, there is a method of embedding the volume ID on the digital data shown in FIG. 18 of Japanese patent No. 3,779,580 (corresponding US application publication: No. US 2003-0061500) (patent reference 2). Accordingly, in the fifth embodiment, the volume ID is read according to the type of media, such as BD-ROM, HD-DVD-ROM, when the recording method of the volume ID differs depending on the type of media such as BD-ROM and HD-DVD-ROM. Note that the description common to the first embodiment will be omitted in the following description. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a functional block diagram of the drive  60  according to the fifth embodiment. 
     The drive  60  is an example of the recording and reproduction apparatus according to the present invention, and includes a readout unit  61 , a media type identifying unit  62 , an analog signal processing unit  63 , a key transformation data generating unit  64 , a demodulator  65 , an error correction unit  67 , a demodulator  66 , an error correction unit  68 , a key transformation data generating unit  69 , and an input and output unit  70 . The readout unit  61  is an example of the reading and writing unit according to the present invention, and reads and writes information from and to the media M. The media type identifying unit  62  is an example of the identifying unit according to the present invention, and identifies whether the type of the media M is a first type or a second type based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  61 . The analog signal processing unit  63  is an example of the signal processing unit according to the present invention, and generates a sum signal for reading the digital information formed on the track on the media M and a differential signal which indicates a tracking error, based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  61 . The volume ID is embedded on the differential signal on the media M of the first type, while the volume ID is embedded on the sum signal on the media M of the second type. Here, when the media type identifying unit  62  identifies the type of media M as the first type, the analog signal processing unit  63  switches the switches S 1  and S 2  such that the sum signal outputted from the analog signal processing unit  63  is inputted to the demodulator  65 , and the differential signal output from the analog signal processing unit  63  is input to the key transformation data generating unit  64 . Furthermore, when the media type identifying unit  62  identifies the type of media M as the second type, the analog signal processing unit  63  switches the switches S 1  and S 2  such that the sum signal output from the analog signal processing unit  63  is input to the demodulator  66  and the key transformation data generating unit  69 . The input and output unit  70  transmits volume ID generated by the key transformation data generating unit  64  or  69  and demodulation data on which error correction is performed by the error correction unit  67  or  68  to the host. The key transformation data generating unit  64  is an example of the first volume ID generating unit according to the present invention, and demodulates the volume ID recorded on the media M of the first type. The demodulator  65  is an example of the first demodulator according to the present invention, and demodulates data recorded on the media M of the first type. The error correction unit  67  performs error correction on the input signal from the demodulator  65 , and outputs the corrected signal to the input and output unit  70 . The key transformation data generating unit  69  is an example of the second volume ID generating unit according to the present invention, and demodulates the volume ID recorded on the media M of the second type. The demodulator  66  is an example of the second demodulator according to the present invention, and demodulates data recorded on the media M of the second type. The error correction unit  68  performs error correction on the input signal from the demodulator  66 , and outputs the corrected signal to the input and output unit  70 . 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the drive  60  according to the fifth embodiment. 
     First, the readout unit  61  reads information from the media M (S 61 ), and transmits the information that has been read to the media type identifying unit  62 . The media type identifying unit  62  identifies whether the type of the media M is a first type or a second type based on the information read from the media M by the readout unit  61  (S 62 ). 
     Here, when the type of media M is identified as the first type, the analog signal processing unit  63  switches the switch S 1  such that the analog signal processing unit  63  and the key transformation data generating unit  64  are connected, and switches the switch S 2  such that the analog signal processing unit  63  and the demodulator  65  are connected. Thus, the sum signal output from the analog signal processing unit  63  is demodulated by the demodulator  65 , and subsequently error-corrected by the error correction unit  67  (S 63 ). Furthermore, the differential signal output from the analog signal processing unit  63  is input to the key transformation data generating unit  64 , and the volume ID is generated by the key transformation data generating unit  64  (S 63 ). 
     On the other hand, when the type of media M is identified as the second type, the analog signal processing unit  63  switches the switches S 1  and S 2  such that the analog signal processing unit  63 , the demodulator  66 , and the key transformation data generating unit  69  are connected. Thus, the sum signal output from the analog signal processing unit  63  is demodulated by the demodulator  66 , and subsequently error-corrected by the error correction unit  68  (S 64 ). Furthermore, the sum signal output from the analog signal processing unit  63  is input to the key transformation data generating unit  69 , and the volume ID is generated by the key transformation data generating unit  69  (S 64 ). 
     As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, it is possible to read (generate) volume ID using a method according to the type of the media. Therefore, it is possible to provide a universal drive which is capable of recording and reproducing high image quality contents on various media such as BD, HD-DVD, and DVD according to the AACS. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present invention is applicable, for example, to recorders which require recording and reproducing of high image quality contents on and from various media including BD, HD-DVD, DVD and others according to the AACS.