Patent Publication Number: US-2010121528-A1

Title: Dumper

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a dumper mounted in a vehicle for an automobile, an industrial machine and the like. 
     PRIOR ART 
     A dumper of this type is mounted for use in a vehicle in which a drive unit having an engine is provided in a vehicle body frame. There have conventionally been made various proposals to suppress transfer of vibrations generated in the driving unit to the vehicle body frame so that good ride comfort and driving stability are achieved (see, for example, JP-A 11-325165). 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     Problems to be solved by the Invention 
     In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for further improvement of driving stability. The inventors of the present invention have keenly studied how to address such a demand. As a result, it has been revealed that torque transferred to a tire by way of a drive shaft varies due to vibration of the drive unit or more specifically due to vibration behaviors of the drive unit itself, regardless of during running straight or cornering, whereby, for example, thrust force and the like generated between a ground contact surface of the tire and the ground varies, becoming a factor of deteriorating driving stability. 
     The present invention has been made in consideration of such facts as described above and an object thereof is to provide a dumper capable of further improving driving stability. 
     Means for Solving the Problems 
     In order to solve the aforementioned problems and achieve the object as described above, a dumper mounted for use in a vehicle in which a drive unit having an engine is provided in a vehicle body frame, of the present invention, comprises: a connection part for connecting the drive unit with the vehicle body frame; a detection means for detecting vibration of the drive unit with respect to a ground contact surface; and a controller for controlling at least roll vibration of vibration behaviors of the drive unit by operating the connection part on the basis of a detection signal from the detection means. 
     According to the present invention, there is provided a controller for controlling at least roll vibration of vibration behaviors of the drive unit by operating the connection part on the basis of a detection signal from the detection means. Therefore, it is possible to suppress variation of torque transferred from the drive unit to a drive shaft, which variation is caused by vibration behaviors of the drive unit itself, whereby torque transferred to the tire can be made stable. As a result, for example, variation of thrust force and the like generated between a ground contact surface of the tire and the ground can be suppressed and driving stability can be improved. 
     In the present invention, the detection means may be adapted to detect variation in torque transferred to the drive shaft in a structure in which tires are connected to respective end portions, in the axial direction, of the drive unit. According to this structure, variation of torque transferred to a tire can be detected further accurately. 
     Further, the connection part is preferably a mount part or a torque rod for elastically connecting the drive unit with the vehicle body frame. In such a structure as this, transfer of vibrations of the drive unit to the vehicle body frame can be suppressed, whereby good ride comfort is provided and controlling vibration behaviors of the drive unit by operating the connection part can be easily realized. 
     Yet further, the connection part may be provided on each of respective side portions interposing a crank shaft therebetween in the horizontal direction, of the drive unit. In this case, since the connection part is provided on each of respective side portions interposing a crank shaft therebetween in the horizontal direction, of the drive unit, the aforementioned roll vibration can be easily and reliably suppressed by operating the connection part as described above. 
     Yet further, the detection means may be provided, in the drive unit, in at least one of a crank shaft and the outer surface of a case constituting the external contour of the drive unit. In a case where the detection means is provided at the outer surface of a case constituting the external contour of the drive unit, it is possible to prevent the detection means from, for example, being hit by pebbles on the ground and exposed to harsh weather. 
     In a case where the detection means is provided on the crank shaft, it is possible to detect variation of torque transferred from the drive unit to the drive shaft in a highly precise manner. 
     Yet further, the controller may be adapted to control at least a frequency component in the range of 5 to 50 Hz (5 and 50 are inclusive), of roll vibration of the drive unit. In this case, the aforementioned effect in operation can be reliably demonstrated. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic structural view showing a state in which a dumber according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted in a vehicle. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view showing a plan-view arrangement of an engine according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view showing a side face of the engine viewed in the arrow direction of A-A in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a control system of the dumber according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing a system used when feedback matrix is designed. 
         FIG. 6  is a graph showing dependency, on frequency, of amplitude of displacement of a position at which an acceleration sensor is fixed. 
     
    
    
     EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           2  Vehicle body frame 
           3   a ,  3   b  ACM 
           4   a ,  4   b  Acceleration sensor 
           10  Dumber 
           11  Drive unit 
           11   a  Engine 
           11   b  Transmission 
           11   c  Crank shaft 
           12  Drive shaft 
           13  Tire 
           14  Vehicle 
           16  Connection part 
           17  Detection means 
           18  Controller 
           18   a  First amplifier 
           18   b  Filter 
           18   c  High-speed arithmetic processing unit 
           18   e  Second amplifier 
         O Roll axis 
       
    
     BEST MODE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION 
     An embodiment of a dumber according to the present invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to  FIG. 1 . The dumper  10  is mounted for use in a vehicle  14  in which a drive unit  11  having an engine  11   a  and a drive shaft  12  having tires  13  connected to respective end portions in the axial direction thereof, to which drive shaft torque is transferred from the engine  11   a , are provided in a vehicle body frame  2 . The dumber  10  includes a connection part  16  for connecting the drive unit  11  with the vehicle body frame  2 . 
     The drive unit  11  is provided inside the vehicle body frame  2  on the vehicle  14  front side therein and includes the engine  11   a , a transmission  11   b , a crank shaft  11   c  and the like. The crank shaft  11   c  is provided to extend along the lateral direction of the vehicle  14 . 
     The drive shaft  12  is provided to extend along the lateral direction of the vehicle  14  at a position distanced, in the front-rear direction of the vehicle  14 , from the crank shaft  11   c . In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , the drive shaft  12  is provided on the vehicle  14  rear side of the crank shaft  11   c . The drive shaft  12  is structured such that torque of the crank shaft  11   c  is transferred thereto via the transmission  11   b.    
     The pair of left and right hand side tires  13  provided on the front side of the vehicle  14  are independently connected to respective end portions of the drive shaft  12  such that the tires  13  are rotated as the drive shaft  12  is rotated around the axis thereof. 
     Vibration behaviors of the drive unit  11  itself mainly include vibrations of the drive unit in the vehicle  14  vertical direction, the vehicle lateral direction and the vehicle front-rear direction, as well as roll vibration around the roll axis O of the drive unit  11 . Among these vibrations of the drive unit in the vehicle  14  of the present embodiment, the roll vibration most significantly varies torque transferred from the drive unit  11  to the drive shaft  12 . 
     The roll axis O is a virtual axis determined by moment of inertia of the drive unit  11 , which moment of inertia is derived from the performance, disposure position and the like of the connection part  16 , and exists between the crank shaft  11   c  and the drive shaft  12 . 
     Further, in the present embodiment, the dumper  10  is provided with: detection means  17  for detecting vibration of the driving unit  11  with respect to a ground contact surface of the tire; and a controller  18  for controlling the aforementioned roll vibration (e.g. 5 to 50 Hz) of the drive unit  11  by operating the connection part  16  on the basis of a detection signal from the detection means  17 . 
     The detection means  17  is an acceleration sensor in the shown example, which is mounted on the outer surface of a case of the engine  11   a , of the cases constituting the external contour of the drive unit  11 , and is adapted to be capable of detecting variation of torque transferred from the drive unit  11  to the drive shaft  12  by measuring acceleration in the vehicle front-rear direction of the drive unit  11 . The detection means  17  is mounted at the upper end portion in the outer surface of a case of the engine  11   a.    
     The connection part  16  is a mount part for elastically supporting the drive unit  11  from the under side thereof. In the present embodiment, the connection part  16  is provided at respective side portions of the drive unit  11  interposing the crank shaft  11   c  therebetween in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the crank shaft. In the shown example, the connection part  16  is provided at each of respective side portions, in the vehicle  14  front-rear direction, of the drive unit  11  such that the respective connection parts form a pair of connection parts. One connection part  16  is disposed on the further vehicle  14  front side than the crank shaft  11   c  and the other connection part  16  is disposed on the further vehicle  14  rear side than the roll axis O. Further, each connection part  16  is provided such that the connection part is connected with, for example, a fluid pressure cylinder or the like and capable of being raised/lowered in the vehicle  14  vertical direction. 
     The controller  18  includes: a first amplifier  18   a  for amplifying a detection signal from the detection means  17 ; a filter  18   b  for selectively retaining a specific frequency band related to roll vibration of the drive unit  11  and removing other frequency components (e.g. acceleration components in acceleration/deceleration of the vehicle itself) from the detection signal processed by the first amplifier  18   a ; a high-speed arithmetic processing unit  18   c  for specifying the connection part  16  to be controlled, of the two connection parts  16  described above, and determining a magnitude of control of the connection part  16  on the basis of the detection signal processed by the filter  18   b ; and a second amplifier  18   e  for amplifying data of the magnitude of control of the connection part. 
     The aforementioned roll vibration of the drive unit  11  is suppressed by independently operating each of the pair of connection parts  16  on the basis of the calculation results in the controller  18 . 
     Specifically, in  FIG. 1 , when the drive unit  11  is rotated clockwise around the roll axis O, for example, a driving force to push the side portion on the vehicle  14  rear side of the drive unit  11  up is exerted on the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  rear side, of the pair of the connection parts  16 , while a driving force to pull the side portion on the vehicle  14  front side of the drive unit  11  down is exerted on the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  front side. In contrast, when the drive unit  11  is rotated anticlockwise around the roll axis O, a driving force to push the side portion on the vehicle  14  front side of the drive unit  11  up is exerted on the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  front side, of the pair of the connection parts  16 , while a driving force to pull the side portion on the vehicle  14  rear side of the drive unit  11  down is exerted on the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  rear side. 
     As described above, according to the dumper  10  of the present embodiment, there is provided a controller  18  for controlling the aforementioned roll vibration of the drive unit  11  by operating the connection part  16  on the basis of a detection signal from the detection means  17 , whereby it is possible to suppress variation of torque transferred from the drive unit  11  to the drive shaft  12 , which variation is caused by vibration behaviors of the drive unit itself, and thus torque transferred to the tire  13  can be made stable. As a result, for example, variation of thrust force and the like generated between a ground contact surface of the tire  13  and the ground can be suppressed and driving stability can be improved. 
     Further, in the present embodiment, the connection part  16  is a mount part for elastically connecting the drive unit  11  with the vehicle body frame  2 . Accordingly, transfer of vibrations of the drive unit  11  to the vehicle body frame  2  can be suppressed, whereby good ride comfort is provided and controlling vibration behavior of the drive unit  11  by operating the connection part  16  can be easily realized. 
     Yet further, in the present embodiment, the connection parts  16  are provided on respective side portions interposing the crank shaft  11   c  therebetween in the horizontal direction, of the drive unit  11 . Accordingly, the aforementioned roll vibration can be easily and reliably suppressed by operating the connection part as described above. Yet further, the detection means  17  is provided, in the drive unit  11 , at the outer surface of a case constituting the external contour of the drive unit. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the detection means  17  from, for example, being hit by pebbles on the ground and exposed to harsh weather. 
     Regarding the present embodiment, hereinbelow there will be exemplarily described a control method which can more effectively control roll vibration and improve driving stability.  FIG. 2  is a schematic view showing a plan-view arrangement of the engine  11   a  realizing this control method.  FIG. 3  is a schematic view showing a side face of the engine viewed in the arrow direction of A-A in  FIG. 1 , in which the engine  11   a  is supported on the vehicle body frame  2  by plural (two in the shown example) ACMs or active control mounts  3   a ,  3   b  constituting the connection part  16 . These ACMs  3   a ,  3   b  support the engine and actively applies vibration suppressing force to the engine  11   a , thereby functioning to suppress transfer of vibrations to the vehicle body. 
     Further, acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b  constituting the detection means  17  are fixed at plural positions (two positions in the example shown in the drawings) at a surface (the upper surface of the engine in the example shown in the drawings) of the engine  11   a  such that the acceleration sensors function to detect, in real time, accelerations at the respective positions on the engine  11   a . The acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b  are set such that these sensors each detect the rotational component around the roll axis O, i.e. acceleration in the roll rotation direction (the front-rear direction of the vehicle) of the engine  11   a.    
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a control structure of the dumper  10  of the present embodiment. The dumper  10  supports the engine  11   a  on the vehicle body frame  2  and includes: plural ACMs  3   a ,  3   b  for suppressing vibration; plural acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b  fixed at positions different from each other on a surface of the engine  11   a ; and a controller  18  for controlling vibration suppressing force of the ACMs  3   a ,  3   b  on the basis of acceleration signals from the acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b.    
     The controller  18  includes the high-speed arithmetic processing unit  11   c  ( 18   c ) for conducting real-time calculation of signals β 1  and β 2  for controlling respective vibration suppressing forces of plural ACMs  3   a ,  3   b , which calculation is based on a preset fixed feedback filter matrix and acceleration signals α 1  and α 2  from the plural acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b , which acceleration signals vary as the vehicle is driven. The controller  18  is further provided with the first amplifier  18   a  for amplifying signals from the acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b  to obtain the acceleration signals α 1  and α 2  and the first amplifier  18   a  (the second amplifier  18   e ) for amplifying the output signals β 1  and β 2  from the high-speed arithmetic processing unit  11   c  ( 18   c ) to input the amplified signals to the ACMs  3   a ,  3   b.    
     The main object of the present invention is to suppress vibration in the roll resonant vibration mode of the engine. In this case, the filter  18   b  is preferably a filter which allows only a frequency in the range of 10 to 20 Hz including resonant frequencies of an engine in general to pass therethrough. 
     The output signals β 1  and β 2  can be obtained on the basis of the acceleration signals α 1  and α 2  by using the feedback filter matrix according to the formula (I) below. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     In the formula (I), A 1 (s), A 2 (s), B 1 (s) and B 2 (s) are obtained by subjecting α 1 , α 2 , β 1  and β 2  to the Laplace transform. 
     Further, K 11 , K 12 , K 21  and K 22  constituting the feedback filter matrix can be designed, for example, as follows. First, the designing of K 11 , K 12 , K 21  and K 22  is grasped as a mixed sensitivity problem in H∞ control using input terminal disturbance. Then, in a system as shown in  FIG. 4  ( FIG. 5 ), the Hoc norm of a transfer function W s M which relates to conversion of disturbances w 1 , w 2  to magnitudes of control z 1 , z 2  and the Hoc norm of a transfer function W t T which relates to conversion of disturbances w 1 , w 2  to magnitudes of control z 3 , z 4  are obtained, respectively. Since M and T in these transfer functions W s M and W t T are functions of a controller K, respectively, the controller K can be obtained by designing the whole system such that the Hoc norms of the transfer functions W s M and W t T therein are reduced. 
     In the example as shown in  FIG. 4  ( FIG. 5 ), P represents the results obtained by measuring and modeling a transfer function in an actual system from an ACM to an acceleration sensor, K represents a feedback matrix constituted of K 11 , K 12 , K 21  and K 22  of formula (I) in a controller to be designed, w 1  and w 2  each represent a disturbance input, w 3  represents observation noise, and W s  and W t  each represent a weighting function. The controller K is designed by modifying W s  and W t  by trial and error to reduce the transfer function. It should be noted that, in actual control of the system, the controller K is converted into an equation of state and control is effected in real-time in a time domain. 
     The characteristic of the present invention described above resides in that acceleration signals at plural positions are fed back as signals to control the vibration suppressing force of an ACM. Due to this characteristic, the present invention can solve the problem that, if acceleration signal from only one position were to be fed back, while vibration can be suppressed only at the controlled position, vibrations at other positions would rather increase. 
     In the present invention, in particular, vibration in the roll rotation direction around the roll axis O, generated by the drive of the engine itself, is suppressed. In this case, although vibration of a translation component is likely to occur at other positions, such vibration of a translation component can be effectively suppressed by feeding back acceleration signals at plural positions as signals for controlling vibrations suppressing force of the ACM as described above. 
     Regarding the positions of the acceleration sensors  4   a ,  4   b , in a case where vibration in the roll direction of the engine is to be suppressed, the position on the engine which is remotest from the roll axis O is preferably selected as a first position and another position on the engine where vibration will increase when control is effected such that vibration at the first position is reduced to the minimum is preferably selected as a second position. The first position and the second position of the acceleration sensors are preferably on the same plane. 
     EXAMPLES 
     In the arrangement of the engine as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a base having the vehicle mounted thereon was subjected to vibration by a vibrator and the dependency, on frequency, of the amplitude of displacement of each position at which the acceleration sensor  3   a  was fixed was plotted as a graph on the basis of the acceleration signals detected by the acceleration sensor  3   a . The results are shown in  FIG. 6 . In  FIG. 6 , Example 1 expressed by solid line shows the results obtained when control was effected by feedback of two acceleration signals from the acceleration sensors  3   a ,  3   b  to two ACMs, Example 2 expressed by broken line shows the results obtained when control was effected by only feeding the acceleration signal from a single acceleration sensor  3   a  back to two ACMs, and Comparative Example expressed by two-dotted line shows the results obtained when the ACM was not controlled. 
     As is obvious from  FIG. 6 , Example 1 and 2 both show, as compared with Comparative Example, that vibration can be very effectively suppressed in a frequency range of 10 to 15 Hz, which range is to be controlled. As a result, driving stability can be significantly improved in the tires of Examples. Further, Example 1 shows, as compared with Example 2, that Example 1 not only achieved the control results equivalent to those of Example 2 in the frequency band of 10 to 15 Hz to be controlled but also successfully suppressed vibration in a band beyond the range to be controlled. That is, Example 1 shows that ride comfort can also be significantly improved, without scarifying an effect of improving driving stability, by feeding acceleration signals at plural positions back as signals for controlling vibration suppressing force of the ACM. 
     The vehicle used in the tests had a diesel engine of 2500 cc mounted thereon. Regarding the condition of vibration application, only the front wheels were set on a vibrator base, the vibrator base was vibrated with frequency first continually increased from 5 to 20 Hz and then continually decreased from 20 to 5 Hz. The application of vibration was conducted in a state where a gear was set at the neutral position and only a side brake was working. Regarding the ACM, an ACM provided with an electromagnetic actuator was used. 
     The technical scope of the present invention is not restricted to the aforementioned embodiment and various modifications may be added thereto unless such modifications digress from the sprit of the present invention. 
     For example, although an acceleration sensor is shown as the detection means  17  and this detection means  17  is mounted at the outer surface of a case constituting the external contour of the drive unit  11  in the present embodiment, it is acceptable that a rotational angle sensor is employed instead of an acceleration sensor and this rotational angle sensor is provided on the crank shaft  11   c.    
     In the modified example above, variation of torque transferred from the drive unit  11  to the drive shaft  12  can be detected by calculating angular acceleration from data of rotational angle of the crank shaft  11   c  measured by the rotational angle sensor. 
     Further, it is acceptable to employ, in place of the detection means  17  of the embodiment described above, a detection means including a light source for irradiating the outer surface of the tire  13  with light and a photo sensor for detecting reflected light from the outer surface of the tire  13 . In this modified example, variation of torque described above can be detected from the difference in lightwave amplitude or lightwave frequency of the aforementioned reflected light detected by the photo sensor at a predetermined time interval. 
     Yet further, there may be employed a structure having both the rotational angle sensor described above and the acceleration sensor as shown in  FIG. 1  as the detection means  17 . 
     Yet further, the acceleration sensor may be mounted at the outer surface of a case of the transmission  11   b  of the cases of the driving unit  11 . 
     Yet further, although a mount part capable of elastically supporting the weight of the drive unit  11  itself is shown as the connection part  16  in the embodiment described above, it is acceptable to employ, instead of the mount part, e.g. a torque rod having a rod, a first cylindrical part and a second cylindrical part, which cylindrical parts are connected to respective end portions of the rod, wherein one cylindrical part is connected to the drive unit  11  and the other cylindrical part is connected to the vehicle body frame. 
     Yet further, although a structure in which the drive unit  11  is elastically connected with the vehicle body frame  2  is shown as the connection part  16  in the embodiment described above, it is acceptable to employ, instead of the structure, an actuator such as a fluid pressure cylinder. 
     Yet further, although the drive unit  11  is provided inside the vehicle body frame  2  on the vehicle  14  front side therein in the foregoing embodiment, it is acceptable, alternatively, to provide the drive unit  11  inside the vehicle body frame  2  on the vehicle  14  rear side therein. Yet further, the present invention is applicable to either a FF vehicle or a FR vehicle. 
     Yet further, although a structure in which the aforementioned roll vibration, of the vibration behaviors of the drive unit  11 , is controlled by operating the connection part  16  is shown in the embodiment described above, it is acceptable to control, in addition to the roll vibration, vibrations in the vehicle  14  front-rear direction and/or the vehicle  14  vertical direction by operating the connection part  16  in a manner similar to that in the foregoing embodiment. 
     Yet further, although a structure in which the connection part  16  is provided so as to be capable of being raised/lowered in the vehicle  14  vertical direction is shown in the embodiment described above, alternatively, it is acceptable to employ a structure in which each connection part  16  includes a rubber-like elastic body and rigidity in the vehicle  14  vertical direction of each rubber-like elastic body is changed based on the results of calculation in the controller  18 . 
     Specifically, in  FIG. 1 , when the drive unit  11  is rotated clockwise around the roll axis O, for example, the side portion on the vehicle  14  rear side of the drive unit  11  is pushed up by the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  rear side and the side portion on the vehicle  14  front side of the drive unit  11  is pulled down by the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  front side by operating each of the pair of connection parts  16  to increase rigidity in the vehicle  14  vertical direction of the rubber-like elastic body in the connection part  16 . In contrast, when the drive unit  11  is rotated anticlockwise around the roll axis O, the side portion on the vehicle  14  front side of the drive unit  11  is pushed up by the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  front side and the side portion on the vehicle  14  rear side of the drive unit  11  is pulled down by the connection part  16  disposed on the vehicle  14  rear side by increasing rigidity in the vehicle  14  vertical direction of the rubber-like elastic body in each of the connection parts  16  in a manner similar to that described above. 
     Yet further, it is acceptable to employ a structure in which the connection part  16  includes at least an outer cylinder, a mounting part disposed on one end side in the axial direction of the outer cylinder, and a rubber elastic portion for elastically connecting the mounting part with the outer cylinder and closing the opening portion at the one end portion in the axial direction of the outer cylinder, wherein liquid is sealingly reservoired inside the outer cylinder. 
     In this modified example, variation of torque transferred from the drive unit  11  to the drive shaft  12  may be suppressed by suppressing vibration of the drive unit  11  by controlling the liquid pressure inside the outer cylinder based on the results of calculation in the controller  18 . 
     Yet further, the frequency component of the aforementioned roll vibration to be controlled by the controller  18  is not restricted to that of the embodiment.