Patent Publication Number: US-11388280-B2

Title: Device, method, and graphical user interface for battery management

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/407,590 entitled “Device, method, and graphical user interface for establishing a relationship and connection between two devices,” filed on May 9, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/863,069 entitled “Device, method, and graphical user interface for establishing a relationship and connection between two devices,” filed on Sep. 23, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/111,100, entitled “Device, method, and graphical user interface for establishing a relationship and connection between two devices,” filed on Feb. 2, 2015, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     This is related to the following applications: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/832,842, filed Jun. 8, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Synchronizing Two or More Displays”; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/793,924, filed Mar. 15, 2013, entitled “Voice and Touch User Interface”; U.S. application Ser. No. 13/032,614, filed Feb. 22, 2011, entitled—Pushing a Graphical User Interface to a Remote Device with Display Rules Provided by the Remote Device”; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/683,218, filed Jan. 6, 2010, entitled “Pushing a User Interface to a Remote Device”; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/119,960, filed May 13, 2008, entitled “Pushing a User Interface to a Remote Device”; U.S. application Ser. No. 13/175,581, filed Jul. 1, 2011, entitled “Pushing a User Interface to a Remote Device”; U.S. application Ser. No. 13/161,339, filed Jun. 15, 2011, entitled “Pushing a Graphical User Interface to a Remote Device with Display Rules Provided by the Remote Device”; U.S. application Ser. No. 13/250,947, filed Sep. 30, 2011, entitled “Automatically Adapting User Interfaces for Hands-Free Interaction”; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/987,982, filed Jan. 10, 2011, entitled “Intelligent Automated Assistant”; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/295,774, filed Jan. 18, 2010, entitled “Intelligent Automated Assistant”; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/493,201, filed Jun. 3, 2011, entitled “Generating and Processing Data Items that Represent Tasks to Perform”; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/657,744, filed Jun. 9, 2012, entitled “Automatically Adapting User Interface for Hands-Free Interaction”; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/207,316, filed Sep. 9, 2008, entitled “Radio with Personal DJ”; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/727,554, filed Nov. 16, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Negotiating Control of a Shared Audio or Visual Resource”; U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/832,818, filed Jun. 8, 2013, entitled “Mapping Application with Several User Interfaces,”; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/832,841, filed Jun. 8, 2013, entitled “Device and Method for Generating User Interfaces from a Template,”; U.S. application Ser. No. 13/913,428, filed Jun. 8, 2013, entitled “Application Gateway for Providing Different User Interfaces for Limited Distraction and Non-Limited Distraction Contexts,” which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This relates generally to electronic devices, including but not limited to electronic devices that communicate wirelessly with peripheral electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Users require convenient access to information stored on or accessed through their portable electronic devices in a variety of settings, including the home, the workplace, and in the car. The use of peripheral accessories such as peripheral display units can increase the ease of access to information stored on or accessible through portable electronic devices. For example, users operating motor vehicles may be unable to directly manipulate their portable electronic devices because it is inconvenient, unsafe, or illegal. Accordingly, peripheral display units and interfaces are required. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some solutions for connecting portable electronic devices with peripheral display units or peripheral accessories may require cumbersome processes for setting up a connection, including physically connecting the device and the peripheral/accessory and/or manually providing authentication data. Furthermore, reconnecting may be an inconvenient and slow process that requires the user to manually access his portable electronic device. Additionally, some solutions for connections with peripherals/accessories, especially wireless connections, are battery-intensive and can cause a user to inadvertently exhaust the battery of the portable electronic device. Finally, some solutions may provide a rigid, inflexible user interface on peripheral display units that is uniform across all peripherals or is difficult to reconfigure, or may only be configured through the cumbersome interface of the peripheral, if at all. Additionally, some solutions take too long and drain battery unnecessarily. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for improved methods, devices, and interfaces for easily and quickly establishing a relationship with an accessory/peripheral, and for conveniently reconnecting to the peripheral. Such methods, devices, and interfaces optionally compliment conventional methods for establishing relationships between a portable device and an accessory/peripheral display unit and for reconnecting to said accessory/peripheral in the future. Such methods, devices, and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. In addition, these methods, devices, and interfaces save time and thereby preserve energy, which is of particular importance in battery-operated devices. For peripherals and accessories integrated with motor vehicles, reducing the cognitive burden on a user also improves driver safety. 
     There is also a need for methods, devices, and interfaces for efficiently and conveniently accessing and understanding information about battery usage, particularly but not exclusively when connected via a connection with peripheral display units. These methods, devices, and interfaces facilitate the ability to access information about the battery-life implications of wireless connections with peripheral display units, including as such relationships relate to predicted user activity such as traveling to a destination. Such methods, devices, and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. In addition, these methods, devices, and interfaces save time and thereby preserve energy, which is of particular importance in battery-operated devices. Furthermore, these methods, devices, and interfaces improve and prolong device functioning by proactively encouraging users to expend battery life wisely and to take actions to preserve battery life. 
     There is also a need for methods, devices, and interfaces for efficiently and conveniently configuring the user interfaces of one or more accessories or peripherals, including configuring various peripheral interfaces independently of one another, configuring peripheral interfaces through the device (thereby bypassing the cumbersome interface of the peripheral itself), and configuring peripheral interfaces at a time when the device is not connected to the peripheral. Such methods, devices, and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. In addition, these methods, devices, and interfaces save time and thereby preserve energy, which is of particular importance in battery-operated devices. For peripherals and accessories integrated with motor vehicles, reducing the cognitive burden on a user also improves driver safety. 
     The above deficiencies and other problems are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices, methods, and computer-readable media. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory, and one or more modules, programs, or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. 
     In some embodiments, at an electronic device with one or more processors, a method is performed, comprising: receiving a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit; in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection; while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active: detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection; and in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establishing a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, at an electronic device with one or more processors and memory, a method is performed, comprising: monitoring battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device; while monitoring battery usage of the device: in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, providing a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, providing a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, at a portable electronic device having a display and a communication interface, a method is performed, comprising: displaying on the display of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit; detecting a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit; in response to detecting the request to configure the user interface, displaying on the display of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request; and after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, transmitting instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a processing unit configured to: receive a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit; and in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes enabling receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection. The processing unit is further configured to, while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active: detect that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection; and in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establish a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises enabling providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a processing unit configured to: monitor battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device; and, while monitoring battery usage of the device, in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, enable providing a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and, in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, enable providing a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a graphical user interface, a communication unit configured to send data to a peripheral display unit, and a processing unit configured to: enable displaying on the display unit of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit; detect a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit; in response to detecting the request to configure the user interface, enable displaying on the display unit of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request. The processing unit is further configured to, after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, enable transmitting instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device, cause the device to: receive a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and a peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit; in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection; and while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active: detect that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection; and in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establish a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device, cause the device to: monitor battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device; and while monitoring battery usage of the device: in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, provide a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, provide a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device with a display, cause the device to: display on the display of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit; detect a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit; in response to detecting the request to configure the user interface, display on the display of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request; and after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, transmit instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, a transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device, cause the device to: receive a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and a peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit; in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection; and while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active: detect that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection; and in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establish a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, a transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device, cause the device to: monitor battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device; and while monitoring battery usage of the device: in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, provide a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, provide a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, a transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device with a display, cause the device to: display on the display of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit; detect a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit; in response to detecting the request to configure the user interface, display on the display of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request; and after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, transmit instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, a device comprises: one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to: receive a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and a peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit; in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection; and while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active: detect that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection; and in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establish a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, a device comprises: one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to: monitor battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device; and while monitoring battery usage of the device: in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, provide a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, provide a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, a device comprises: a display; one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the device to: display on the display of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit; detect a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit; in response to detecting the request to configure the user interface, display on the display of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request; and after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, transmit instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, a device comprising: means for receiving a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and a peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit; means for, in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection; and means for, while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active: detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection; and in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establishing a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, a device comprises; means for monitoring battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device; and means for, while monitoring battery usage of the device: in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, providing a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, providing a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, a device comprises: means for displaying on the display of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit; means for detecting a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit; means for, in response to detecting the request to configure the user interface, displaying on the display of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request; and means for, after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, transmitting instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     Thus, in some embodiments, electronic devices with displays are provided with more efficient methods and interfaces for establishing and operating a relationship and connection between an electronic device and a peripheral display unit, for monitoring battery usage patterns of connected devices, and for configuring user interfaces of peripheral display units. The effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices may thereby be increased. Such methods and interfaces can optionally complement or replace conventional methods. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5A  is a block diagram illustrating an operating environment in which a portable multifunction device communicates with an external presentation system (e.g., peripheral display unit) and/or server in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 5B  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of sending update information to an affected display in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6A-6I  illustrate user interfaces for establishing and operating a wireless data connection between a device and a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6J-6M  illustrate user interfaces monitoring battery-usage patterns and providing battery-usage alerts in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 6N-6W  illustrate user interfaces for configuring a user interface of a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 7A-7H  are flow diagrams illustrating methods of establishing and operating a data connection between a device and a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 8A-8D  are flow diagrams illustrating methods of monitoring battery-usage patterns and providing battery-usage alerts in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIGS. 9A-9E  are flow diagrams illustrating methods of configuring a user interface of a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 10  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 11  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
         FIG. 12  is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     There is a need for improved devices, methods, and computer-readable media for establishing and operating a connection between an electronic device and a peripheral display unit. The embodiments described herein improve on current methods by allowing for efficient, convenient, fast, and intuitive ways to establish a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit, establish and reestablish a data connection between a device and a peripheral display unit, display charge level notifications and battery-usage notifications that are useful when a device is connected with a peripheral display unit, and configure the interface of a peripheral display unit from a device, among other functions and features. 
     Below,  FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3  provide a description of exemplary devices.  FIGS. 4A-4B  illustrate exemplary user interfaces.  FIG. 5A  illustrates an exemplary operating environment.  FIG. 5B  illustrates a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method.  FIGS. 6A-6W  illustrate exemplary user interfaces.  FIGS. 7A-7H, 8A-8D, and 9A-9E  are flow diagrams illustrating exemplary methods.  FIGS. 10, 11, and 12  are a functional block diagrams illustrating exemplary devices. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 6A-6W  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7H, 8A-8D, and 9A-9E . 
     Exemplary Devices 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments can optionally be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments. 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or ‘upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context. 
     Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Examples of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). 
     In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick. 
     The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application. 
     The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user. 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.  FIG. 1A  is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device  100  with touch-sensitive displays  112  in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display  112  is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device  100  includes memory  102  (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage mediums), memory controller  122 , one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  120 , peripherals interface  118 , RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , input/output (I/O) subsystem  106 , other input or control devices  116 , and external port  124 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more optical sensors  164 . Device  100  optionally includes one or more intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on device  100  (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100 ). Device  100  optionally includes one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs on device  100  (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system  112  of device  100  or touchpad  355  of device  300 ). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines  103 . 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). 
     As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user&#39;s sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user&#39;s hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user&#39;s movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. 
     It should be appreciated that device  100  is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device  100  optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in  FIG. 1A  are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     Memory  102  optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory  102  by other components of device  100 , such as CPU  120  and the peripherals interface  118 , is, optionally, controlled by memory controller  122 . 
     Peripherals interface  118  can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU  120  and memory  102 . The one or more processors  120  run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory  102  to perform various functions for device  100  and to process data. 
     In some embodiments, peripherals interface  118 , CPU  120 , and memory controller  122  are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip  104 . In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips. 
     RF (radio frequency) circuitry  108  receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry  108  optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry  108  optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.1 in), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , and microphone  113  provide an audio interface between a user and device  100 . Audio circuitry  110  receives audio data from peripherals interface  118 , converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker  111 . Speaker  11  converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  also receives electrical signals converted by microphone  113  from sound waves. Audio circuitry  110  converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface  118  for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory  102  and/or RF circuitry  108  by peripherals interface  118 . In some embodiments, audio circuitry  110  also includes a headset jack (e.g.,  212 ,  FIG. 2 ). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry  110  and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone). 
     I/O subsystem  106  couples input/output peripherals on device  100 , such as touch screen  112  and other input control devices  116 , to peripherals interface  118 . I/O subsystem  106  optionally includes display controller  156 , optical sensor controller  158 , intensity sensor controller  159 , haptic feedback controller  161  and one or more input controllers  160  for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers  160  receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices  116 . The other input control devices  116  optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)  160  are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,  208 ,  FIG. 2 ) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker  111  and/or microphone  113 . The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,  206 ,  FIG. 2 ). 
     Touch-sensitive display  112  provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller  156  receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen  112 . Touch screen  112  displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects. 
     Touch screen  112  has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory  102 ) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen  112  and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen  112 . In an example, a point of contact between touch screen  112  and the user corresponds to a finger of the user. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen  112  and display controller  156  optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen  112 . In an example, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. 
     Touch screen  112  optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen  112  using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device  100  optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen  112  or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen. 
     Device  100  also includes power system  162  for powering the various components. Power system  162  optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more optical sensors  164 .  FIG. 1A  shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller  158  in I/O subsystem  106 . Optical sensor  164  optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor  164  receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module  143  (also called a camera module), optical sensor  164  optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user&#39;s image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165 .  FIG. 1A  shows a contact intensity sensor coupled to intensity sensor controller  159  in I/O subsystem  106 . Contact intensity sensor  165  optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors  166 .  FIG. 1A  shows proximity sensor  166  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, proximity sensor  166  is coupled to input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen  112  when the multifunction device is placed near the user&#39;s ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators  167 .  FIG. 1A  shows a tactile output generator coupled to haptic feedback controller  161  in I/O subsystem  106 . Tactile output generator  167  optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Contact intensity sensor  165  receives tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module  133  and generates tactile outputs on device  100  that are capable of being sensed by a user of device  100 . In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112 ) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device  100 ) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device  100 ). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device  100 , opposite touch screen display  112  which is located on the front of device  100 . 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more accelerometers  168 .  FIG. 1A  shows accelerometer  168  coupled to peripherals interface  118 . Alternately, accelerometer  168  is, optionally, coupled to an input controller  160  in I/O subsystem  106 . In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device  100  optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)  168 , a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory  102  include operating system  126 , communication module (or set of instructions)  128 , contact/motion module (or set of instructions)  130 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  132 , text input module (or set of instructions)  134 , Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)  135 , and applications (or sets of instructions)  136 . Furthermore, in some embodiments memory  102  stores device/global internal state  157 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 3 . Device/global internal state  157  includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display  112 ; sensor state, including information obtained from the device&#39;s various sensors and input control devices  116 ; and location information concerning the device&#39;s location and/or attitude. 
     Operating system  126  (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  128  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  124  and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry  108  and/or external port  124 . External port  124  (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 8-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 8-pin connector (e.g., Lightning connector) used on iPhone and iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices. 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects contact with touch screen  112  (in conjunction with display controller  156 ) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module  130  includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module  130  receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  and display controller  156  detect contact on a touchpad. 
     In some embodiments, contact/motion module  130  uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device  100 ). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter). 
     Contact/motion module  130  optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. 
     Graphics module  132  includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen  112  or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like. 
     In some embodiments, graphics module  132  stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module  132  receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller  156 . 
     Haptic feedback module  133  includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)  167  to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device  100  in response to user interactions with device  100 . 
     Text input module  134 , which is, optionally, a component of graphics module  132 , provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts  137 , e-mail  140 , IM  141 , browser  147 , and any other application that needs text input). 
     GPS module  135  determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone  138  for use in location-based dialing, to camera  143  as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets). 
     Applications  136  optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
         contacts module  137  (sometimes called an address book or contact list);   telephone module  138 ;   video conferencing module  139 ;   e-mail client module  140 ;   instant messaging (IM) module  141 ;   workout support module  142 ;   camera module  143  for still and/or video images;   image management module  144 ;   browser module  147 ;   calendar module  148 ;   widget modules  149 , which optionally include one or more of: weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , dictionary widget  149 - 5 , and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets  149 - 6 ;   digital personal assistant module  150 ;   vehicle integration module  151 ;   video and music player module  152 , which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;   notes module  153 ;   map module  154 ; and/or   online video module  155 .       

     Examples of other applications  136  that are, optionally, stored in memory  102  include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , contacts module  137  are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state  192  of contacts module  137  in memory  102  or memory  370 ), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone  138 , video conference  139 , e-mail  140 , or IM  141 ; and so forth. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , telephone module  138  are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book  137 , modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , contact list  137 , and telephone module  138 , videoconferencing module  139  includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140  includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module  144 , e-mail client module  140  makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module  143 . 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , the instant messaging module  141  includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (e.g., using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , map module  154 , and music player module  146 , workout support module  142  includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , optical sensor(s)  164 , optical sensor controller  158 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and image management module  144 , camera module  143  includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory  102 , modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory  102 . 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and camera module  143 , image management module  144  includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , browser module  147  includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , calendar module  148  includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , and browser module  147 , widget modules  149  are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget  149 - 1 , stocks widget  149 - 2 , calculator widget  149 - 3 , alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , and dictionary widget  149 - 5 ) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget  149 - 6 ). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo!® Widgets). 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , microphone  113 , touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , digital personal assistant module  150  records voice commands and sends information representative of the recorded voice commands to a server such as server  510  in  FIG. 5A  for analysis, and responds to the voice commands based on a response from the server. 
     Vehicle integration module  151  includes executable instructions for one or more intermediation processes that control a vehicle information display system in a vehicle (e.g., a car, a truck, a van, etc.) that provides a user interface on a respective display of the vehicle information display system (e.g., display  546  of peripheral display unit  540  in  FIG. 5A ), such as for a mapping application or a music application. The vehicle integration application converts information from third-party applications into content for display by the vehicle integration application on the respective display of the vehicle information display system. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , and browser module  147 , video and music player module  152  includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen  112  or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ). In some embodiments, device  100  optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.). 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , and text input module  134 , notes module  153  includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with RF circuitry  108 , touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , text input module  134 , GPS module  135 , and browser module  147 , map module  154  are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions. 
     In conjunction with touch screen  112 , display system controller  156 , contact module  130 , graphics module  132 , audio circuitry  110 , speaker  111 , RF circuitry  108 , text input module  134 , e-mail client module  140 , and browser module  147 , online video module  155  includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port  124 ), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module  141 , rather than e-mail client module  140 , is used to send a link to a particular online video. 
     Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  102  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some embodiments, device  100  is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device  100 , the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device  100  is, optionally, reduced. 
     The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device  100  to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device  100 . In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad. 
       FIG. 1B  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  102  (in  FIG. 1A ) or  370  ( FIG. 3 ) includes event sorter  170  (e.g., in operating system  126 ) and a respective application  136 - 1  (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications  137 - 13 ,  155 ,  380 - 390 ). 
     Event sorter  170  receives event information and determines the application  136 - 1  and application view  191  of application  136 - 1  to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter  170  includes event monitor  171  and event dispatcher module  174 . In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes application internal state  192 , which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitive display  112  when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state  157  is used by event sorter  170  to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state  192  is used by event sorter  170  to determine application views  191  to which to deliver event information. 
     In some embodiments, application internal state  192  includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application  136 - 1  resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application  136 - 1 , a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application  136 - 1 , and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user. 
     Event monitor  171  receives event information from peripherals interface  118 . Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display  112 , as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface  118  transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem  106  or a sensor, such as proximity sensor  166 , accelerometer(s)  168 , and/or microphone  113  (through audio circuitry  110 ). Information that peripherals interface  118  receives from I/O subsystem  106  includes information from touch-sensitive display  112  or a touch-sensitive surface. 
     In some embodiments, event monitor  171  sends requests to the peripherals interface  118  at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface  118  transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface  118  transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration). 
     In some embodiments, event sorter  170  also includes a hit view determination module  172  and/or an active event recognizer determination module  173 . 
     Hit view determination module  172  provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch sensitive display  112  displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display. 
     Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture. 
     Hit view determination module  172  receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module  172  identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view. 
     Active event recognizer determination module  173  determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module  173  determines that all views that include the physic allocation of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views. 
     Event dispatcher module  174  dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer  180 ). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module  173 , event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module  173 . In some embodiments, event dispatcher module  174  stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module  182 . 
     In some embodiments, operating system  126  includes event sorter  170 . Alternatively, application  136 - 1  includes event sorter  170 . In yet other embodiments, event sorter  170  is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory  102 , such as contact/motion module  130 . 
     In some embodiments, application  136 - 1  includes a plurality of event handlers  190  and one or more application views  191 , each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application&#39;s user interface. Each application view  191  of the application  136 - 1  includes one or more event recognizers  180 . Typically, a respective application view  191  includes a plurality of event recognizers  180 . In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers  180  are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application  136 - 1  inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler  190  includes one or more of: data updater  176 , object updater  177 , GUI updater  178 , and/or event data  179  received from event sorter  170 . Event handler  190  optionally utilizes or calls data updater  176 , object updater  177  or GUI updater  178  to update the application internal state  192 . Alternatively, one or more of the application views  191  includes one or more respective event handlers  190 . Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a respective application view  191 . 
     A respective event recognizer  180  receives event information (e.g., event data  179 ) from event sorter  170 , and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer  180  includes event receiver  182  and event comparator  184 . In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  also includes at least a subset of: metadata  183 , and event delivery instructions  188  (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions). 
     Event receiver  182  receives event information from event sorter  170 . The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device. 
     Event comparator  184  compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  includes event definitions  186 . Event definitions  186  contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event  1  ( 187 - 1 ), event  2  ( 187 - 2 ), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event  187  include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event  1  ( 187 - 1 ) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event  2  ( 187 - 2 ) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display  112 , and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers  190 . 
     In some embodiments, event definition  187  includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display  112 , when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display  112 , event comparator  184  performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler  190 , the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler  190  should be activated. For example, event comparator  184  selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test. 
     In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event  187  also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer&#39;s event type. 
     When a respective event recognizer  180  determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions  186 , the respective event recognizer  180  enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  includes metadata  183  with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata  183  includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy. 
     In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  activates event handler  190  associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer  180  delivers event information associated with the event to event handler  190 . Activating an event handler  190  is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer  180  throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler  190  associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process. 
     In some embodiments, event delivery instructions  188  include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process. 
     In some embodiments, data updater  176  creates and updates data used in application  136 - 1 . For example, data updater  176  updates the telephone number used in contacts module  137 , or stores a video file used in video player module  145 . In some embodiments, object updater  177  creates and updates objects used in application  136 - 1 . For example, object updater  177  creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater  178  updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater  178  prepares display information and sends it to graphics module  132  for display on a touch-sensitive display. 
     In some embodiments, event handler(s)  190  includes or has access to data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178 . In some embodiments, data updater  176 , object updater  177 , and GUI updater  178  are included in a single module of a respective application  136 - 1  or application view  191 . In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules. 
     It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices  100  with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a portable multifunction device  100  having a touch screen  112  in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)  200 . In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers  202  (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses  203  (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device  100 . In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap. 
     Device  100  optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button  204 . As described previously, menu button  204  is, optionally, used to navigate to any application  136  in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device  100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen  112 . 
     In one embodiment, device  100  includes touch screen  112 , menu button  204 , push button  206  for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)  208 , Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot  210 , head set jack  212 , and docking/charging external port  124 . Push button  206  is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device  100  also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone  113 . Device  100  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors  165  for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen  112  and/or one or more tactile output generators  167  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  100 . 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device  300  need not be portable. In some embodiments, device  300  is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child&#39;s learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device  300  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  310 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  360 , memory  370 , and one or more communication buses  320  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  320  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device  300  includes input/output (I/O) interface  330  comprising display  340 , which is typically a touch screen display (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). I/O interface  330  also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  350  and touchpad  355 , tactile output generator  357  for generating tactile outputs on device  300  (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)  167  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ), sensors  359  (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)  165  described above with reference to  FIG. 1A ). Memory  370  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  370  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)  310 . In some embodiments, memory  370  stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100 . For example, memory  370  of device  300  optionally stores drawing module  380 , presentation module  382 , word processing module  384 , website creation module  386 , disk authoring module  388 , and/or spreadsheet module  390 , while memory  102  of portable multifunction device  100  ( FIG. 1A ) optionally does not store these modules. 
     Each of the above identified elements in  FIG. 3  are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory  370  optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  370  optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that is, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device  300 . In some embodiments, user interface  400  includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Signal strength indicator(s)  402  for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;   Time  404 ;   Bluetooth indicator  405 ;   Battery status indicator  406 ;   Tray  408  with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
           Icon  416  for telephone module  138 , labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes an indicator  414  of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;   Icon  418  for e-mail client module  140 , labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes an indicator  410  of the number of unread e-mails;   Icon  420  for browser module  147 , labeled “Browser”; and   Icon  422  for video and music player module  152 , also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module  152 , labeled “iPod.”   
           Icons for other applications, such as:
           Icon  424  for IM module  141 , labeled “Text”;   Icon  426  for calendar module  148 , labeled “Calendar”;   Icon  428  for image management module  144 , labeled “Photos”;   Icon  430  for camera module  143 , labeled “Camera”;   Icon  432  for online video module  155 , labeled “Online Video”;   Icon  434  for stocks widget  149 - 2 , labeled “Stocks”;   Icon  436  for map module  154 , labeled “Map”;   Icon  438  for weather widget  149 - 1 , labeled “Weather”;   Icon  440  for alarm clock widget  149 - 4 , labeled “Clock”;   Icon  442  for workout support module  142 , labeled “Workout Support”;   Icon  444  for notes module  153 , labeled “Notes”; and   Icon  446  for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings for device  100  and its various applications  136 .   
               

     It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in  FIG. 4A  are merely exemplary. For example, icon  422  for video and music player module  152  are labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g., device  300 ,  FIG. 3 ) with a touch-sensitive surface  451  (e.g., a tablet or touchpad  355 ,  FIG. 3 ) that is separate from the display  450  (e.g., touch screen display  112 ). Device  300  also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors  357 ) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface  451  and/or one or more tactile output generators  359  for generating tactile outputs for a user of device  300 . 
     Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display  112  (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in  FIG. 4B . In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) has a primary axis (e.g.,  452  in  FIG. 4B ) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,  453  in  FIG. 4B ) on the display (e.g.,  450 ). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,  460  and  462  in  FIG. 4B ) with the touch-sensitive surface  451  at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in  FIG. 4B, 460  corresponds to  468  and  462  corresponds to  470 ). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts  460  and  462 , and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,  451  in  FIG. 4B ) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,  450  in  FIG. 4B ) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein. 
     Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously. 
     As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad  355  in  FIG. 3  or touch-sensitive surface  451  in  FIG. 4B ) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system  112  in  FIG. 1A  or touch screen  112  in  FIG. 4A ) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user&#39;s intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device). 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a block diagram of an operating environment  500  in accordance with some embodiments. Operating environment  500  includes a server  510 , one or more communications networks  505 , portable multifunction device  100 , and peripheral display unit  540 . In some embodiments, peripheral display unit  540  is an entertainment and/or navigation system that is implemented in a vehicle. In some embodiments, peripheral display unit  540  includes one or more displays. In some embodiments, a vehicle includes a plurality of peripheral display unit  540  communicatively coupled to device  100  in operating environment  500  each with a respective display. In some embodiments, peripheral display unit  540  is a peripheral display unit. 
     Server  510  typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  512  for executing modules, programs and/or instructions stored in memory  524  and thereby performing processing operations, one or more network or other communications interfaces  520 , memory  524 , and one or more communication buses  522  for interconnecting these components. Communication buses  522  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Memory  524  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices, and can optionally include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  524  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  512 . Memory  524 , or alternately the non-volatile memory device(s) within memory  524 , comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory  524 , or the computer-readable storage medium of memory  524  stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset thereof:
         an operating system  526  that includes procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks; and   a network communication module  528  that is used for connecting (wired or wireless) server  510  to other computing devices via the one or more communication network interfaces  520  and one or more communication networks  505 , such as the Internet, other wide area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and so on.       

     Portable multifunction device  100  (sometimes herein also called “device  100 ”) typically includes the components described with reference to  FIGS. 1A-1B and/or 3 . 
     Peripheral display unit  540  (sometimes herein also called a “peripheral”) typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  542  for executing modules, programs and/or instructions stored in memory  554  and thereby performing processing operations, one or more network or other communications interfaces  550 , memory  554 , and one or more communication buses  552  for interconnecting these components. 
     Communication interface  550  can optionally include a plurality of discrete communication interfaces capable of communicating independently and simultaneously. For example, communication interface  550  can optionally include one or more wired communication interfaces such as a USB data port. Communication interface  550  can optionally further include one or more wireless communication interfaces, such as a Wi-Fi communication interface and/or a Bluetooth communication interface. Communication interface  550  can optionally include additional communication interfaces. 
     Peripheral display unit  540 , optionally, includes a user interface  544  comprising one or more display devices  546  and a plurality of controls  548  (e.g., jog dials, knobs, buttons, switches, a touch-sensitive surface such as a touch screen display, or other input sources). In some embodiments, the one or more displays  546  include a primary display  546 - 1  (e.g., a dashboard or vehicle navigation display) and an auxiliary display  546 - 2  (e.g., a rear-seat or entertainment display). In some embodiments, a respective display of the one or more displays  546  is a touch screen display that is capable of receiving user touch inputs (e.g., detecting finger contacts and gestures that correspond to the detection and movement of finger contacts). In some embodiments, a respective display of the one or more displays  546  is associated with one or more controls of the plurality of controls  548  (e.g., jog dials, knobs, buttons, switches, a touch-sensitive surface such as a touch screen display, or other input sources.). Communication buses  552  optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Memory  554  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices, and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  554  optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  542 . Memory  552 , or alternately the non-volatile memory device(s) within memory  552 , comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory  552 , or the computer-readable storage medium of memory  552  stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset thereof.
         an operating system  556  that includes procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks; and   a network communication module  558  that is used for connecting (wired or wireless) server  540  to other computing devices via the one or more communication network interfaces  550  and one or more communication networks  505 , such as the Internet, other wide area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and so on.       

     In some embodiments, device  100  drives the one or more displays  546  of peripheral display unit  540 . For example, device  100  sends a video signal to peripheral display unit  540 , and CPU  542  of peripheral display unit  540  renders the video signal on the one or more displays  546 . In some embodiments, device  100  sends a video signal directly to the one or more displays  546  and CPU  542  is not used to render the video signal (e.g., device  100  uses display  546  as an auxiliary display). In some embodiments, the user interface displayed on touch screen  112  of device  100  is synchronized with the user interface displayed on the one or more displays  546  of peripheral display unit  540 , and, in some other embodiments, the user interface displayed on touch screen  112  of device  100  is not continuously synchronized with the user interface displayed on the one or more displays  546  of peripheral display unit  540  and at times (e.g., while a user of device  100  is viewing information about possible driving destinations but has not yet selected a driving destination) touchscreen  112  of device  100  displays different information from that displayed on display  546  of peripheral display unit  540  (e.g., touch screen  112  and display  546  are intermittently synchronized with periods in between the intermittent synchronization events where they are not synchronized). 
     In some embodiments, in response to detecting a user input (e.g., a user touch input associated with a respective display of the one or more displays  546  or a user input associated with a respective control of the plurality of controls  548 ), peripheral display unit  540  (or the respective display of the one or more displays  546 , or the respective control of the plurality of controls  548 ) sends input information (e.g., an identifier for the input source and an input description describing the user input) corresponding to the user input to device  100 . In turn, device  100  updates the user interface displayed on the respective display of the one or more displays  546  and/or touch screen  112  of device  100  in accordance with the received input information and/or the display state of the user interface displayed on the respective display of the one or more displays  546  at or before the user input. 
       FIG. 5B  is a flow diagram illustrating a process of selecting an affected display and sending update information to the affected display. The affected display (e.g., primary display  546 - 1 ) displays ( 560 ) a user interface. A respective input source that is a control of peripheral display unit  540  detects ( 561 ) a user input. In some embodiments, the respective input source is one of controls  548  and the user input is an interaction with one of controls  548 . For example, controls  548  include buttons, switches, dials, knobs, other mechanical affordances, touch-sensitive surfaces, or other input sources. For example, the user input is rotation of a knob or dial, depression of an affordance or knob, a touch input detected on a touch-sensitive surface or touch screen, or other user interaction with controls  548 . 
     In response to detecting the user input, the respective input source sends ( 562 ) input information (e.g., {Source ID; Input Description}) to device  100 . In some embodiments, the input information includes a unique identifier for the input source and input description information that describes the user input. For example, the input description information is raw input data such as the magnitude and direction of rotation of a jog dial, contact locations and movement amounts/directions detected on a touch-sensitive surface and/or gesture data describing a type of gesture that was performed on the touch-sensitive surface. 
     Device  100  receives ( 564 ) the input information from the respective input source. Device  100  selects an affected display by correlating the unique identifier (e.g., source ID) included in the input information with a display identifier tag (e.g., a display ID) based at least in part on input-source mapping  566 . In some embodiments, the input-source mapping  566  is stored in memory of device  100 . In some embodiments, multiple inputs sources are mapped to a same display. However, in some embodiments, each input source is mapped no more than a single display. In some embodiments, input-source mapping  566  is updated by device  100  in response to detecting input-source-mapping update events (e.g., a vehicle associated with the first display starting to back up and taking control of the first display, or an input associating a jog dial with the second display instead of the first display) and/or in accordance with a predetermined schedule. 
     After selecting the affected display, device  100  determines a respective state of the user interface displayed on the affected display by correlating the display ID (determined based on input-source mapping  566 ) for the affected display with display state information (e.g., what kind of user interface is displayed in the display, what user interface elements are displayed, and/or which controls are associated with which functions such as volume control or scrolling) based at least in part on user interface state table  568 . In some embodiments, the user interface state table  568  is stored in memory of device  100 . After determining the respective state of the user interface displayed on the affected display, device  100  generates ( 570 ) an updated user interface for the affected display in accordance with the respective state of the user interface displayed on the affected display and the input description information, and device  100  sends the updated user interface (or information for generating an updated user interface) to the affected display. In some embodiments, device  100  also updates user interface state table  568  so that the state information associated with the display ID corresponding to the affected display reflects the updated user interface (e.g., for use in responding to subsequent input information received from the input source). 
     In response to receiving the updated user interface (e.g., update information) from device  100 , the affected display updates ( 574 ), the user interface displayed on the affected displayed so as to display the updated user interface (e.g., by replacing an image of a user interface previously provided by device  100  with an updated image of the user interface provided by device  100  in the update information). 
     User Interfaces and Associated Processes 
     Attention is now directed toward embodiments of user interfaces (UI) and associated processes that can optionally be implemented on an electronic device, such as device  300  or portable multifunction device  100 . 
       FIGS. 6A-6W  illustrate exemplary user interfaces.  FIGS. 7A-7H, 8A-8D, and 9A-9E  are flow diagrams illustrating exemplary methods. The user interfaces in  FIGS. 6A-6W  are used to illustrate the processes in  FIGS. 7A-7H, 8A-8D, and 9A-9E . 
     Attention is now directed to techniques for establishing a relationship between an electronic device and a peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, these techniques may be useful in operating environments in which it is convenient for an electronic device, such as a smart phone, to share content with a peripheral display unit, such as an entertainment/navigation/media system in a vehicle (e.g., an accessory such as a car stereo head unit). The relationships established, in some embodiments, include an authorization for the device and the peripheral display unit to establish a data connection with one another. 
     In some embodiments, a data connection between a device and a peripheral display unit is established. The data connection is optionally called a “connection.” When the data connection is over a wireless data connection, it is optionally called a “wireless connection.” When the data connection is over a wired data connection, it is optionally called a “wired connection.” 
     In some embodiments, a relationship is created between a device and a peripheral display unit in which information is exchanged and authorization to establish a connection is recorded/stored. The relationship that includes authorization to establish the connection is optionally called a “relationship.” If the relationship authorizes wireless connection, it is optionally called a “wireless relationship.” If the relationship authorizes wired connection, it is optionally called a “wired relationship.” 
     In some embodiments, a setup process to create/establish a relationship (a wired relationship or a wireless relationship) is undertaken. The setup process can optionally be executed via a wired or wireless connection. Regardless of whether the setup process is undertaken via a wired or wireless connection, the relationship established can optionally itself be either a wired relationship or a wireless relationship. A setup process executed over a wired connection is optionally called “wired setup,” while a setup process executed over a wireless connection is optionally called “wireless setup.” 
     The versatility of various connection techniques, various relationships/authorizations, and various setup techniques improves efficiency and makes the experience more intuitive, more convenient, and quicker for a user. 
       FIG. 6A  depicts an exemplary device  600  and an exemplary peripheral display unit  610 , which together can optionally embody the techniques described herein. In some embodiments, device  600  is device  100  or  300  ( FIGS. 1A, 3, and 5A ). In some embodiments, peripheral display unit  610  is peripheral display unit  540  ( FIG. 5A ). In some embodiments, both device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  exist in operating environment  500  ( FIG. 5A ). 
     Device  600  has display  608 , which is touch screen  112  ( FIG. 1A ) or display  340  ( FIG. 3A ) in some embodiments. Device  600  also comprises three communication interfaces: first wireless data interface  602 , second wireless data interface  604 , and wired data interface  606 . In some embodiments, first wireless data interface  602  is a Wi-Fi data interface capable of sending and receiving information over the Wi-Fi communication standard. In some embodiments, second wireless data interface  604  is a Bluetooth communication interface, capable of sending and receiving information over the Bluetooth communication standard. In some embodiments, wired communication interface  606  is a computer bus and power connector interface capable of sending and receiving information on a wire and capable of sending and/or receiving a battery charge through the same wire. In some embodiments, the wired communication interface  606  is capable of interfacing with USB connections. 
     Peripheral display unit  610  has display  618 , which is display  546  ( FIG. 5A ) in some embodiments. Peripheral display unit  610  also comprises hardware button  619 , which can optionally be a physical button provided on the housing of peripheral display unit  610  or on some physical element connected thereto (as will be discussed later). Peripheral display unit  610  also comprises three communication interfaces: first wireless data interface  612 , second wireless data interface  614 , and wired data interface  616 . In some embodiments, first wireless data interface  612  is a Wi-Fi data interface capable of sending and receiving information over the Wi-Fi communication standard. In some embodiments, second wireless data interface  614  is a Bluetooth communication interface, capable of sending and receiving information over the Bluetooth communication standard. In some embodiments, wired communication interface  616  is a computer bus and power connector interface capable of sending and receiving information on a wire and capable of sending and/or receiving a battery charge through the same wire. In some embodiments, the wired communication interface  606  is capable of interfacing with USB connections. In some embodiments, interfaces  612 ,  614 , and  616  are part of communication interface  550 . 
     All three communication interfaces of device  600  can optionally be used to communicate with peripheral display unit  610 . Namely, first wireless interfaces  602  and  612  can optionally communicate with one another, second wireless interfaces  604  and  614  can optionally communicate with one another, and wired interfaces  606  and  616  can optionally communicate with one another. Each of the three corresponding pairs, when communicating between one another, may be said to have formed a “data connection,” such as a first wireless data connection or a Wi-Fi data connection. These data connections can optionally be established or terminated independently of one another, simultaneously with one another, and/or in cooperation with one another. 
     In some embodiments, peripheral display unit  610  is an accessory, such as a dash mounted head unit of an entertainment/navigation/media system provided in a vehicle. In some such embodiments, peripheral display unit  610  can optionally also include, or be operatively coupled with, speakers for audio output and a microphone for audio input. In some embodiments, hardware button  619  can optionally be situated on the steering wheel of the vehicle for convenient access by a user&#39;s thumb. 
     Below, various techniques for establishing a relationship and operating a connection between a device and a peripheral display unit are described. The device can optionally be device  600  and the peripheral display unit can optionally be peripheral display unit  610 . Specifically, the relationship established can optionally facilitate data communication over the first wireless data connection, such as a connection corresponding to first wireless data interfaces  602  and  612 . The first wireless data connection can optionally be used to pass content between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 , including audio data, video data, phone call data, navigation data, web-browsing data, media data, user interface data, user input data, and more. This connection is optionally called a “wireless connection” or a “connection.” When the first data connection is a Wi-Fi connection, it may be preferable as compared to Bluetooth data connections, in that it is more secure, has a longer range, and has a higher bandwidth. However, a Wi-Fi data connection may not be capable of reestablishing a connection as quickly as a Bluetooth data connection. As will be described in greater detail below, the techniques described herein harness the advantageous qualities of both wireless data connections and minimize the inconvenience or risk introduced by each of their drawbacks. 
     The relationship established can optionally facilitate the automatic reconnection of the connection between a device and a peripheral display unit; this automatic reconnection can optionally occur whenever the device and the peripheral display unit are within range of one another such that the required data connection(s) may be established. The device and the peripheral display unit can optionally each store information on respective local memories that is used to identify the other and securely and quickly reestablish the data connection with one another. Thus, it may be said that the device and the peripheral display unit establish a “stored” relationship, such that they “remember” one another, and can automatically reconnect with one another. 
     Attention is now directed to user interfaces for an exemplary technique for establishing, via a wired-setup process, a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 .  FIG. 6B  depicts a user interface for establishing a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  over a wired data connection, namely wired setup user interface  620 . Wired setup user interface  620  can optionally be displayed on display  608  in response to device  600  receiving a signal from peripheral display unit  610  over wired interface  606 . That is, when the device  600  is connected to peripheral display unit  610 , for example for the first time, peripheral display unit  610  can optionally send a signal to the device to indicate that the peripheral display unit  610  is capable of establishing a relationship. In response to this signal over the wired data connection, device  600  displays wired setup user interface  620 . 
     In some embodiments, wired setup user interface  620  provides various options for a user, including wireless relationship affordance  622 , wired relationship affordance  624 , and charge-only affordance  626 . Wireless relationship affordance  622  corresponds to authorization by the user for the device  600  to establish a wireless connection with the peripheral display unit  610 . Wireless relationship affordance  622  can optionally also correspond to authorization for the device  600  to establish a wired connection in addition to a wireless connection, as a wired connection can optionally be understood as a lesser and included permission. Wired relationship affordance  624  corresponds to authorization by the user for the device  600  to establish a wired connection with the peripheral display unit  610 , without authorizing wireless connection. Finally, charge-only affordance  626  corresponds to the denial of authorization by a user for the device  600  to establish any connection with the peripheral display unit  610 ; rather, the device  600  will use the wired physical connection simply to charge its battery, and will not establish any connection via either a wired or wireless connection. 
     As will be described in greater detail below, selection of any of the three affordances in wired setup user interface  620  can optionally affect the behavior of device  600  in both the immediate future and at various instances thereafter. That is, in some embodiments, device  600  establishes the authorized connection in accordance with the selected affordance immediately, and also stores information in a local memory such that device  600  can optionally recall the user&#39;s selection at a future time and establish only the authorized type of connection (wired or wireless) in the future. Furthermore, device  600  can optionally determine whether, upon future connection of the wired data connection, to prompt the user to establish a relationship. In some embodiments, once the user has made a selection at wired setup user interface  620 , interface  620  will not be automatically displayed again. In other embodiments, wired setup user interface  620  can optionally be redisplayed upon some or all future instances of the wired physical connection being established. 
       FIG. 6B  further depicts a user selection of wireless relationship affordance  622 . In the example shown, user input  628  is a tap or touch input at a location corresponding to affordance  622 . However, other input methods (e.g., using a selection knob or joystick control) are, in some embodiments, used to make the selection instead. 
       FIG. 6C  further depicts wired setup user interface  620 . In particular,  FIG. 6C  depicts Bluetooth enablement prompt  630 . Bluetooth enablement prompt  630  is a prompt provided to the user, such as by displaying on display  608 , indicating that the Bluetooth communication interface, which can optionally be second wireless communication interface  604 , needs to be enabled. This prompt may be necessary during wired setup of a wireless relationship, because various wireless data connections, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, may be necessary to establish the relationship and connect the connection. Thus, if a user begins the setup process by physically connecting device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  via a wired data connection, the device  600  may need to activate any disabled wireless communication functionalities in order to complete setup of a wireless relationship. In other embodiments not depicted in the figures, the wired setup user interface  620  includes a Wi-Fi enablement prompt that indicates that Wi-Fi communication, which can optionally correspond to first wireless communication interface  602 , needs to be enabled. 
     Attention is now directed to user interfaces for an exemplary technique for wirelessly establishing (e.g., via a wireless setup) a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 .  FIG. 6D  depicts a user interface for establishing a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  over one or more wireless data connections, namely CarPlay settings menu  632 . CarPlay settings menu  632  includes various setting and options pertaining to relationships that have been or may be established with various vehicles. As shown in the interface under the words “My Cars,” a stored relationship has already been established between the device and a Volvo vehicle. As shown in the interface under the words “Other Cars,” the device  600  is detecting two vehicles with which a stored relationship has not been established, a Mercedes Benz vehicle and a Hyundai vehicle. In the example depicted, the names of the “other cars” each constitute affordances, such that the area corresponding to the words “Mercedes Benz C-Class” constitutes available car affordance  634 . Available car affordance  634  corresponds to an instruction by the user to wirelessly establish a stored relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  represented by the available car affordance  634 . Techniques for establishing this relationship will be explained in greater detail below.  FIG. 6D  further depicts user input  635 , which corresponds to selection of available car affordance  634 . In the example shown, the user selection is a tap or touch input at a location corresponding to affordance  634 . However, other input methods (e.g., using a selection knob or joystick control) are, in some embodiments, used to make the selection instead. 
       FIG. 6E  depicts another user interface for wirelessly establishing a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 , namely Bluetooth settings menu  636 . Bluetooth settings menu  636  includes various setting and options pertaining to relationships that have been or may be established with various Bluetooth devices. As shown in the interface under the words “My Devices,” a stored relationship has already been established between the device  600  and a home stereo Bluetooth device. As shown in the interface under the words “Other Devices,” the device  600  is detecting two Bluetooth devices with which a stored relationship has not been established: a Mercedes Benz vehicle and a pair of wireless headphones. In the example depicted, the names of the “other devices” each constitute affordances, such that the area corresponding to the words “Mercedes Benz C-Class” constitutes available Bluetooth device affordance  637 . Available Bluetooth device affordance  637  corresponds to an instruction by the user to wirelessly establish a stored relationship between the device  600  and the peripheral display unit  610  represented by the available Bluetooth device affordance  637 . Techniques for establishing this relationship will be explained in greater detail below.  FIG. 6E  further depicts user input  639 , which corresponds to selection of available Bluetooth device affordance  637 . In the example shown, the user selection is a tap or touch input at a location corresponding to affordance  637 . 
       FIG. 6F  depicts another user interface for wirelessly establishing a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 , namely a wireless setup authorization interface  638 . Wireless setup authorization interface  638  can optionally be displayed in response to the selection of either affordance  634  or  637  as described with respect to  FIGS. 6D and 6E . Wireless setup authorization interface  638  is similar in many respects to the interface depicted in  FIG. 6B , which was part of the interface for wired setup. In particular, wireless setup authorization interface  638  includes wireless relationship affordance  622  and wired relationship affordance  624 , as the interface in  FIG. 6B  does. As in  FIG. 6B , wireless relationship affordance  622  corresponds to authorization by the user for device  600  to establish a wireless connection with peripheral display unit  610  (and can optionally also correspond to authorization for device  600  to establish a wired connection in addition to a wireless connection), while wired relationship affordance  624  corresponds to authorization by the user for device  600  to establish a wired connection with peripheral display unit  610 . Unlike the interface in  FIG. 6B , wireless setup authorization interface  638  does not include an option to establish a charge-only relationship, because the user has specifically sought out the Bluetooth or CarPlay menus described above with respect to  FIGS. 6D and 6E  in order to reach authorization interface  638 . That is, device  600  assumes that the user does indeed want to establish a stored relationship, and seeks only to determine whether a wireless or wired-only relationship should be established. 
     In some embodiments not depicted in the figures, wireless setup authorization interface  638  presents different options in accordance with the manner in which the user accessed the authorization interface. For example, the interface can optionally provide the options for wireless and wired-only connections when a user accessed the authorization interface  638  through CarPlay menu  632 , but can optionally provide only the option for a wireless connection when the user accessed the authorization interface  638  through Bluetooth menu  636  (as Bluetooth menu  636  is inherently associated with wireless connections). 
       FIG. 6F  further depicts user input  640  of wireless relationship affordance  622 . In the example shown, the user selection is a tap or touch input at a location corresponding to affordance  622 ; however, other input methods (e.g., using a selection knob or joystick control) are, in some embodiments, used to make the selection instead. 
       FIG. 6G  depicts another user interface for wirelessly establishing a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 , namely Bluetooth credentials prompt  642 . Bluetooth credentials prompt  642  is an interface that prompts the user to enter Bluetooth credentials, such as a numerical code. These credentials can optionally be provided, for example, on the display of the peripheral display unit  610 . The credentials are displayed on the peripheral display unit  610  and entered on the device  600  with which a relationship is being established. This process is designed to enhance security by ensuring that the user has control over both the device  600  and the peripheral display unit  610 . In some embodiments, Bluetooth credentials prompt  642  is displayed only as a part of the wireless setup process, and not as a part of the wired setup process, because the presence of a wired physical connection between the device  600  and the peripheral display unit  610  during wired setup adequately ensures that the user is legitimately in control of both device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 . 
       FIG. 6H  depicts a user interface for establishing, via a wired or wireless connection, a relationship between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 . Namely,  FIG. 6H  depicts a contact-syncing prompt  644  that provides information to the user about whether to sync contacts from device  600 , such as a contacts list from a smartphone, with peripheral display unit  610 . In some embodiments, contact-syncing prompt  644  informs a user that the relationship being established does not require syncing of contacts, and that the relationship will function properly without syncing contacts. That is, while users may be used to known methods of connecting their devices to peripheral display units including vehicles, such as by Bluetooth connections using the Phone Book Access Profile (PBAP) specification, the current disclosure provides embodiments in which syncing contacts is not necessary. Rather, the contacts from device  600  can remain stored on device  600  and simply be communicated to peripheral display unit  610  as needed, rather than being synced with or stored on peripheral display unit  610 . Thus, not syncing contacts avoids an unnecessary security risk without reducing the functionality of the user interface presented on the peripheral display unit  610  in conjunction with the device  600 . Accordingly, contact-syncing prompt  644  includes an option to not sync contacts, which is presented in the form of “don&#39;t sync” affordance  646 . As shown by the fact that “don&#39;t sync” affordance  646  is bolded and located on the right-hand side of the prompt (proximate to a right-handed user&#39;s thumb), “don&#39;t sync” affordance  646  is, in some embodiments, the default option. 
     Attention is now directed to an exemplary user interface for accessing a native function of device  100  after a connection has been established with peripheral display unit  610 .  FIG. 6I  depicts device  100  and peripheral display unit  610  in a state in which a connection is active, such as when a wireless connection or a wired connection is active.  FIG. 6I  further depicts detection of a user input, which, in the depicted example is a depression  650  of hardware button  619 . As will be described in greater detail below, hardware button  619  can optionally be configured to perform various functions depending on the state of peripheral display unit  610 , whether a connection is active, and the manner in which button  619  is depressed. In the depicted example, depression  650  of the button  619  has activated personal digital assistant interface  648  which is displayed on both display  608  and display  618 . In some other embodiments not depicted, personal digital assistant interface  648  can optionally be provided only on display  618 . 
     Attention is now directed to user interfaces for techniques for providing battery-usage alerts in accordance with battery-usage patterns. These techniques enable devices to provide battery-usage alerts that are not determined in accordance merely with the charge amount of a device battery, but rather in accordance with battery-usage patterns that can optionally provide useful historical and contextual information to the user, in order to allow for battery life to be optimally conserved. In particular, these techniques may be useful in devices that are wirelessly connected (such as by in wireless connection) with a peripheral display unit, because such operation can be battery-intensive. Finally, these techniques may be further particularly useful in operating environments in which a device is wirelessly connected (such as by in wireless connection) to a peripheral display unit in a vehicle, such as operating environment  500 . In such environments, these techniques enable battery-usage alerts provided in accordance with information about a predefined or predicted destination of the vehicle, and the predicted amount of time that will be required to arrive there. Thus, for example, these battery-usage notifications can optionally warn a user if his battery is not going to last the duration of a trip while wirelessly connected to the vehicle. 
       FIG. 6J  depicts an exemplary charge-level alert. In some embodiments, a charge-level alert is provided by one or both of device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  to which device  600  is connected by a connection. In the example shown, charge-level alert  652  is displayed on display  608 . Charge-level alert  652  is displayed in accordance with a determination by device  600  that the current battery charge level is 10% of the total battery charge capacity, and alert  652  conveys some or all of that information to the user. 
       FIG. 6K  depicts an exemplary battery-usage alert. In some embodiments, a battery-usage alert is provided by one or both of device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  to which device  600  is connected by a connection. Battery usage alerts, in some embodiments, are provided in accordance with a determination by the device regarding a battery-usage pattern, which will be explained in greater detail below. In the example shown in  FIG. 6K , battery-usage alert  654  is displayed on display  608 . Battery-usage alert  654  is displayed in accordance with a determination by device  600  that the battery has used 50% of its total charge capacity since CarPlay (a wireless connection with a vehicle) was activated, and alert  654  conveys some or all of that information to the user. 
       FIG. 6L  depicts another exemplary battery-usage alert. In the example shown, battery-usage alert  656  is displayed on both display  608  and display  618 . Battery-usage alert  656  is displayed in accordance with a determination by device  600  that the battery is going to die before device  600  reaches a destination. The manner in which such a determination/prediction can optionally be made is discussed in greater detail below. Battery-usage alert  656  conveys some or all of that determined information to the user. 
       FIG. 6M  depicts an exemplary connection deactivation prompt. In some embodiments, a connection deactivation prompt is provided by one or both of device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  to which device  600  is connected by a connection. Connection deactivation prompts, in some embodiments, are provided in accordance with a determination by device  600  regarding a charge level and/or a batter-usage pattern, as will be explained in greater detail below. In the depicted example, connection deactivation prompt  658  is displayed on both display  608  and display  618 . In the example shown, connection deactivation prompt  658  prompts a user to deactivate CarPlay, as the battery level of device  600  is very low. As CarPlay wireless connection can optionally be considered a high-power operation mode, connection deactivation prompt  658  encourages the user to deactivate CarPlay to conserve the small remaining battery charge.  FIG. 6M  further depicts selection of an option to deactivate CarPlay in accordance with the connection deactivation prompt  658 . In the depicted example, the selection is user input  660 - a  or  660 - b , which is a tap or touch user input detected on display  608  or display  618  at a location corresponding to displayed affordances for deactivating CarPlay. However, other input methods (e.g., using a selection knob or joystick control) are, in some embodiments, used to make the selection instead. 
     Attention is now directed to exemplary user interfaces, wherein the user interface at the device allows configuration of a user interface of a peripheral display unit. That is, in  FIGS. 6N-6V , both device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  are depicted. In each of the figures, peripheral display unit  610  is displaying on display  618  user interface  662 , which in some embodiments is the primary user interface for peripheral display unit  610 . User interface  662  comprises user interface objects such as user interface object  663 , which can optionally be an affordance or icon for activating a corresponding function. 
     In each of  FIGS. 6N-6V , device  600  is displaying on display  608  configuration interface  664 . Configuration interface  664  comprises window  668 , which in some embodiments is a representation of user interface  662 . As shown in  FIG. 6N , window  668  is a visual representation of user interface  662 , containing user interface object representations, such as user interface object representation  669 . In the depicted example in  FIG. 6N , each of the user interface object representations in window  668  corresponds to a user interface object in user interface  662 . Configuration interface  664  additionally comprises available object tray  670 , which itself comprises available user interface object representations  672 - a  and  672 - b.    
     As will be explained in greater detail below, configuration interface  664  allows for the configuration, via interface  664 , of interface  662 . It is important to note that, in some embodiments, configuration of user interface  662  can optionally be completed while a connection is active between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 . In some examples, configuration interface  664  can optionally be used when no connection is active. In some of those embodiments, peripheral display unit  610  does not display anything until the next time the relationship is established (as user interface  662  can optionally always be hosted on device  600  and served to peripheral display unit  610  live). In those examples, peripheral display unit  610  would of course not display user interface  662  at all when the relationship is not active. In the figures below, user interface  662  is illustrated as persistently displayed during all stages of configuration, for illustrative purposes. 
       FIGS. 6N-6P  depict the addition of a user interface object to user interface  662 . In  FIG. 6N , user input  674 - 1  is detected in the form of a touch contact detected at a location corresponding to available user interface object representation  672 - a . Device  600  detects movement of input  674 - 1  from its original position at representation  672 - a  in tray  670  toward window  668 . 
     In  FIG. 6O , device  600  continues to detect the movement of user input  674  until it reaches its final position at  674 - 2 . The device detects lift-off of the touch contact at the position corresponding to  674 - 2 . In response to detecting user input  674 , configuration interface  664  displays available user interface object representation  672 - a  moving from its original position in tray  670  to its final position in window  668 . Configuration interface  664  can optionally display an animation of said movement. The movement of representation icons, in some embodiments, tracks the movement of a moving/dragging user input such as user input  674 . In embodiments where a connection between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  is not active, configuration interface  664  can optionally be updated as described above before the instruction to update user interface  662  is transmitted to peripheral display unit  610 . 
     In  FIG. 6P , a configuration instruction based on the user input depicted in  FIGS. 6N and 6O  has been passed from device  600  to peripheral display unit  610 . This instruction can optionally be passed immediately upon receiving the above-described user input in embodiments where a connection is active, or later upon the reestablishment of a connection between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 . In accordance with the configuration instruction, user interface  662  is updated to display new user interface object  676 , which corresponds to representation  672 - a  in window  668 . In some embodiments, the user interface for the peripheral display unit  610  is generated on device  600  and pushed to peripheral display unit  610 , and the new use interface object is displayed on the peripheral display unit  610  when an updated user interface generated by device  600  is pushed to peripheral display unit  610 . 
       FIGS. 6Q-6S  depict the removal of a user interface object from user interface  662 . In  FIG. 6Q , deletion affordance  678  is displayed, in some embodiments, to indicate a user interface object (or its representations in window  668 ) that can optionally be deleted. In the depicted example, user input  678  is detected in the form of a touch or tap contact detected at a location corresponding to deletion affordance  678 . 
     In  FIG. 6R , in response to detecting user input  674 , configuration interface  664  displays the deletion/removal of user interface object representation  672 - a  from window  668 , and displays that representation  672 - a  has returned to tray  670 . Configuration interface  664  can optionally display an animation of said deletion (such as an animation of representation  672 - a  moving back to tray  670 ). In embodiments where a connection between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  is not active, configuration interface  664  can optionally be updated as described above before the instruction to update user interface  662  is transmitted to peripheral display unit  610 . 
     In  FIG. 6S , a configuration instruction based on the user input depicted in  FIG. 6Q  has been passed from device  600  to peripheral display unit  610 . This instruction can optionally be passed immediately upon receiving the above-described user input in embodiments where a connection is active, or later upon the reestablishment of a connection between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 . In accordance with the configuration instruction, user interface  662  is updated to no longer display user interface object  676 . 
       FIGS. 6T-6V  depict the rearrangement of a user interface object in user interface  662 . In  FIG. 6T , user input  682 - 1  is detected in the form of a touch contact detected at a location corresponding to user interface object representation  672 - a . Device  600  detects movement of input  682 - 1  from its original position at representation  672 - a  in window  670  toward a new position to the right. 
     In  FIG. 6U , device  600  continues to detect the movement of user input  682  until it reaches its final position at  682 - 2 . The device detects liftoff of the touch contact at the position corresponding to  682 - 2 . In response to detecting user input  682 , configuration interface  664  displays user interface object representation  672 - a  moving from its original position in window  668  to its final position further to the right in window  668 . Configuration interface  664  can optionally display an animation of said movement. The movement of the representation icons, in some embodiments, tracks the movement of a moving/dragging user input such as user input  682 . In embodiments where a connection between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  is not active, configuration interface  664  can optionally be updated as described above before the instruction to update user interface  662  is transmitted to peripheral display unit  610 . 
     In  FIG. 6V , a configuration instruction based on the user input depicted in  FIGS. 6T and 6U  has been passed from device  600  to peripheral display unit  610 . This instruction can optionally be passed immediately upon receiving the above-described user input in embodiments where a connection is active, or later upon the reestablishment of a connection between device  600  and peripheral display unit  610 . In accordance with the configuration instruction, user interface  662  is updated to display the repositioning of user interface object  676 , which corresponds to the repositioning of representation  672 - a  in window  668 . 
     Attention is now directed to  FIG. 6W , which displays exemplary user interfaces and configuration user interfaces for peripheral display unit  610 - b , which is different from the peripheral display unit  610  depicted in  FIGS. 6N-6V . As shown in  FIG. 6W , peripheral display unit  610 - b  has display  618 - b  that is of a different size and different shape than display  618 . In some embodiments, display  618 - b  is also of a different resolution than display  618 . Peripheral display unit  610 - b  has user interface  684  that is different from user interface  662 . User interface  684  contains user interface objects such as user interface object  688 . The user interface objects on user interface  684  can optionally be different in identity, function, size, composition, arrangement, and appearance from the user interface objects on user interface  662 . 
       FIG. 6W  depicts that configuration interface  664 , in some examples, further comprises second window  686 , which is a representation of user interface  684 . In accordance with the differences of user interface  684 , window  686  is also different from previously described window  668 , containing user interface object representations, such as representation  692 , that correspond to the user interface objects of user interface  684 . In  FIG. 6W , tray  670  contains available user interface icon representations  690 - a ,  690 - b , and  690 - c , which are different from the available user interface icon representations in  FIGS. 6N-6V . Accordingly, configuration interface  670  can optionally include different available user interface object representations in tray  670  in accordance with which user interface is being configured. 
       FIGS. 7A-7H  are flow diagrams illustrating exemplary process  700  for establishing a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments, such as those described above with reference to  FIGS. 6A-6I . Process  700  is carried out by device  500  ( FIG. 5 ), which can optionally be electronic device  100  or  300  ( FIGS. 1A and 3A ), in some embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed to  FIG. 7A , which is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for establishing a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit. 
     At block  702 , the device receives a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit. An exemplary peripheral display unit is peripheral display unit  610  of  FIG. 6A . In some embodiments, the first data connection is a wireless data connection, such as a Wi-Fi data connection. An exemplary Wi-Fi data connection is a connection formed between first wireless data interface  602  and first wireless data interface  612  in  FIG. 6A . 
     In some embodiments, the relationship is a stored relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit, such that the device and/or peripheral display unit store data, on a local memory, indicating that a connection with the other is authorized. The device and the peripheral display unit may be said to “remember” one another. The relationship, as explained below, can optionally permit automatic reconnection of the authorized data connection at future points in time, such as whenever the device and peripheral display unit are within range of the authorized data connection (e.g., when a wireless connection is able to connect, or when a wired physical connection is plugged in). The relationship can optionally authorize the exchange of phone-call data, user interface data, web-browsing data, media data, video stream data, navigation data, etc., with or without user input. In some embodiments, the relationship is a between a mobile phone and a motor vehicle, such as a CarPlay-enabled vehicle. 
     An exemplary request to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection over the first data connection is user input  628  in  FIG. 6B , which can optionally be a touch or tap input detected by a touch screen. In some embodiments, the user selects “Authorize Wireless CarPlay” to authorize a CarPlay relationship corresponding to a Wi-Fi connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, which is integrated into a vehicle. 
     At block  704 , in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, the device establishes a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes receiving authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection. In some embodiments, the second data connection is a wired data connection, such as a USB data connection. An exemplary wired data connection is the wired data connection between wired data interface  606  and wired data interface  616  in  FIG. 6A . In some embodiments, the second data connection is a wireless data connection, such as a Bluetooth data connection. An exemplary Bluetooth data connection is the Bluetooth data connection between second wireless data interface  604  and second wireless data interface  614  in  FIG. 6A . In some embodiments, establishing the relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit includes receiving authentication information over the second data connection, such as a USB data connection or a Bluetooth data connection, from the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the authentication information includes credentials, such as Wi-Fi credentials, for establishing the first data connection and for connecting the first data connection immediately and/or in the future. 
     Blocks  706 - 710  occur while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active. That is, the relationship corresponding to the connection over the first data connection can optionally be established, but the actual data connection itself is not active. For example, for a device having established a stored relationship with a peripheral display unit in a vehicle, the device may be out of range of the vehicle such that the Wi-Fi connection between the device and the peripheral display unit is not currently connected. 
     At block  708 , the device detects that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection. Establishment of a connection may refer to the establishment of the first data connection referred to above. For example, in some embodiments, this detection occurs when the device is brought within range of the peripheral display unit such that one or more of the wireless data interfaces in the device, such as wireless data interface  602  and  604 , detects the presence of the peripheral display unit. In some other embodiments, this detection occurs when the device is connected to the peripheral display unit via a wired data connection, such as one supported by wired data interface  606 . 
     At block  710 , in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, the device establishes a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises providing the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. Thus, in some embodiments, to establish an active connection, the device provides the earlier-shared authentication information back to the peripheral display unit. This allows the peripheral display unit to authenticate, via checking the credentials, that the device is approved to form a connection with the peripheral display unit. For example, in some embodiments, while the Wi-Fi connection referred to above is not actively connected (e.g., by a connection), in response to the device coming within range of the peripheral display unit and detecting (via one or more wireless data connections such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi) that the peripheral display unit is available for the establishment of a connection, the device establishes a Wi-Fi connection with the peripheral display unit. The process of establishing said Wi-Fi connection includes, in some embodiments, sending the Wi-Fi credentials back to the peripheral display unit, thereby proving that a trusted relationship was previously formed. 
     Attention is now directed to  FIGS. 7B-7C , which depict flow diagrams illustrating an exemplary process for establishing a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit via a wired connection. As explained above with reference to  FIG. 6 , care should be taken to distinguish between the connection itself (e.g., the connection) being wired or wireless, versus the method for establishing the relationship being wired or wireless.  FIGS. 7B and 7C  represent an exemplary method in which the method for establishing the relationship is wired. For example, the relationship can optionally be established over a wired physical connection such as a USB wire, which can optionally carry data creating a wired data connection.  FIGS. 7B and 7C  depict method  702 - a , which is an optional process performed as a part of block  702 . That is, the steps in method  702 - a  primarily expand on the process of receiving a request to establish a relationship, as explained above with reference to block  702 . 
     At block  712 , optionally, the second data connection (of block  704 ) is a wired data connection. An exemplary wired data connection is the wired data connection between wired data interface  606  and wired data interface  612  in  FIG. 6A . In some embodiments, the wired data connection is a data connection between a USB connector, such as one integrated into a peripheral display unit in a vehicle, and a micro-USB connector or a Lightning connector, such as one integrated into a mobile device. 
     Blocks  714 - 724  occur while a relationship has not been established with the peripheral display unit. That is, in some embodiments, these steps occur before the device and the peripheral display unit have exchanged credentials with one another or stored data reflecting a relationship with one another. In some embodiments, these steps occur upon the first time the device and the peripheral display unit come into connection or communication with one another, such as after a user purchases a new device (e.g., a new phone) or a new peripheral display unit (e.g., a new data-connection-enabled system). 
     At block  714 , optionally, the device receives a communication from the peripheral display unit over the wired data connection between the device and the peripheral display unit. The communication received by the device can optionally be a message indicating that the peripheral display unit is capable of establishing a relationship with the device, such as a message indicating that the peripheral display unit is CarPlay-enabled. The message can optionally further indicate that no relationship has yet been established between the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the user connects the device to the peripheral display unit via a wired connection (such as a USB connection), possibly for charging, and, upon connecting, the device and the peripheral display unit can optionally automatically exchange messages, including the communication from the peripheral display unit to the device explained above. 
     At block  718 , optionally, in response to receiving the communication, the device displays a first user interface prompting the user to authorize a relationship with the peripheral display unit. An exemplary user interface prompting the user to authorize a stored relationship with the peripheral display unit is user interface  620  in  FIG. 6B . 
     At block  720 , optionally, the user interface includes a first option corresponding to authorizing a wireless relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. Selection of this option can optionally cause the relationship established to be one that allows for a wireless connection, including a wireless connection established immediately and wireless connections automatically established at future times. Thus, despite the setup process being carried out over a wired connection, the device can optionally establish a wireless relationship that allows the exchange of content over a wireless data connection, such as the Wi-Fi relationship described above. An exemplary first option is wireless relationship affordance  622  in  FIG. 6B . 
     In some embodiments, selection of this option can optionally allow for the establishment of a wired relationship (as described below) in addition to a wireless relationship. This is because a wired relationship can optionally be considered a lesser-and-included authorization, as it may be a more secure connection, a more reliable connection, and/or a less battery-intensive connection. In some embodiments, the device would be authorized to connect to the peripheral display unit via either a wireless connection (e.g., Wi-Fi) or a wired connection (e.g., USB). For example, if, at a future time, the wireless data interface of the device were disabled, a connection via a wired connection could still be established if the device was connected to the peripheral display unit. 
     At block  722 , optionally, the user interface includes a second option corresponding to authorizing a wired relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. Selection of this option can optionally cause the relationship established to be one that allows for a wired connection, including a wired connection established immediately and wired connections automatically established at future times. In some embodiments, the device would thus not be authorized to automatically connect wirelessly to the peripheral display unit, but it would be authorized to automatically connect via a wired connection to the peripheral display unit. Therefore, in some embodiments, when the user plugs in the device to the peripheral display unit (e.g., by charging over a USB connection), the device can optionally automatically establish a data connection (e.g., a connection) to the peripheral display unit for sharing content. An exemplary second option is wired relationship affordance  624  in  FIG. 6B . 
     In some embodiments, selection of this second option can optionally prevent the device from prompting the user to authorize a wireless relationship upon future instances of the device being connected to the peripheral display unit via a wired connection. 
     At block  724 , optionally, the user interface includes a third option corresponding to authorizing a charging-only connection between the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, by selecting this third option, the user denies permission to the device to authorize either a wireless or a wired relationship. Thus, in some embodiments, the device does not connect to the peripheral display unit either immediately or in the future (without subsequent user intervention) for the exchange of content. Rather, in some embodiments, the wireless connection is used only to charge the device&#39;s battery, not to exchange content. In some embodiments, selection of this third option can optionally prevent the device from prompting the user to authorize a relationship upon future instances of the device being connected to the peripheral display unit via a wired connection. An exemplary third option is charge-only affordance  626  in  FIG. 6B . 
     At block  726 , optionally, the request from a user to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit comprises selection of the first option. In some embodiments, selection of the first option comprises selection of an affordance representing the first option. In some embodiments, selection of the first option comprises detection of a touch input at a location corresponding to the first option. An exemplary selection of the first option is user input  628  in  FIG. 6B , which in some embodiments can optionally be a touch or tap input on a touch screen. In some embodiments, a user selecting the first option in the displayed user interface to authorize a wireless data connection constitutes, at least in part, the request to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit. 
     At block  728 , optionally, the authentication information (of block  704 ) comprises credentials for a wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection. An exemplary wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection is a data connection between second wireless data interface  604  and second wireless data interface  614  in  FIG. 6A , such as short-range, low-power, and/or low-bandwidth wireless data connection (e.g., a Bluetooth data connection). In some embodiments, the first data connection is high-power, high-bandwidth, and/or long-range wireless data connection (e.g., a Wi-Fi data connection) and the wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection is a Bluetooth data connection. In some embodiments, Bluetooth credentials are shared between the peripheral display unit and the device over the wired connection during the setup process, such that the wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection can be automatically authenticated and connected immediately and/or at future instances, without user intervention. As will be explained below, the wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection can be used to facilitate quick and efficient automatic reconnection of the first data connection, particularly when the first data connection is a wireless data connection. 
     It should be noted that such exchange of wireless data credentials such as Bluetooth credentials is, in some embodiments, not done automatically, and can require user input and authorization, such as the user typing in a Bluetooth credentials code. However, in some embodiments, the credentials are automatically shared via the wired connection because the presence of a wired physical connection serves as adequate indication that the user is in physical control, and therefore legitimate possession and control, of both the device and the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, in response to receiving a request to authorize a wireless relationship, the device prompts the user to activate a deactivated wireless data interface. For example, in some embodiments, when a user elects to set up a wireless relationship, the device can optionally prompt a user to activate an inactive Wi-Fi or Bluetooth data interface. This functionality is particularly relevant in the context of the wired setup process, as the user can optionally begin the wired setup process with some or all wireless data interfaces disabled. An exemplary prompt to activate a wireless data interface is Bluetooth enablement prompt  630  in  FIG. 6C . 
     Attention is now directed to  FIGS. 7D and 7E , which depict flow diagrams illustrating an exemplary process for establishing a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit via a wireless connection. As explained above with reference to  FIG. 6 , care should be taken to distinguish between the connection itself (e.g., the relationship) being wired or wireless, versus the method for establishing the relationship being wired or wireless.  FIGS. 7D and 7E  represent an exemplary method in which the method for establishing the relationship is wireless. For example, the relationship can optionally be established over a wireless connection such as a Bluetooth data connection.  FIGS. 7D and 7E  depict method  702 - b , which is an optional process performed as a part of block  702 . That is, the steps in method  702 - b  primarily expand on the process of receiving a request to establish a relationship, as explained above with reference to block  702 . 
     At block  730 , optionally, the second data connection (of block  704 ) is a wireless data connection. An exemplary wireless data connection is the wireless data connection between second wireless data interface  604  and second wireless data interface  614  in  FIG. 6A . In some embodiments, the wireless data connection is a Bluetooth data connection, such as between a Bluetooth communication interface integrated into a peripheral display unit in a vehicle, and a Bluetooth data connection integrated into a mobile device. 
     Blocks  732 - 734  occur while a relationship has not been established with the peripheral display unit. That is, in some embodiments, these steps occur before the device and the peripheral display unit have exchanged credentials with one another or stored data reflecting a relationship with one another. In some embodiments, these steps can optionally occur upon the first time the device and the peripheral display unit come into connection or communication with one another, such as after a user purchases a new device (e.g., a new phone) or a new peripheral display unit (e.g., a new CarPlay-enabled system). 
     At block  734 , optionally, the device detects, via one or more of the first and second data connections, that the peripheral display unit is available for the establishment of a relationship. In some embodiments, the device uses one or more wireless data connections to search for peripheral devices in proximity that are available for connection. In some embodiments, the device exchanges data with detected peripherals to determine what kind of peripheral it is, whether it is capable of connecting with the device, the name of the peripheral, and information about the security of a connection formed with the device (such as whether connecting to the device would require a password or other authentication or credentials). 
     At block  736 , optionally, in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for the establishment of a relationship, the device displays a fourth option for authorizing a relationship with the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the fourth option displayed is an affordance indicating the name or identity of the available peripheral, because the device need not be physically connected to a peripheral via a wired connection, the user may need an indication of what peripherals are available for wireless connection, so indication via the display of a name of an available peripheral is useful. 
     At block  738 , optionally, the fourth option for authorizing a relationship is an item in a list of Bluetooth-capable devices. An exemplary fourth option that is an item in a list of Bluetooth-capable devices is available Bluetooth device affordance  637  in Bluetooth settings interface  636  in  FIG. 6E . 
     At block  740 , optionally, the fourth option for authorizing a relationship is an item in a list of vehicles with peripheral display units. An exemplary fourth option that is an item in a list of vehicles with peripheral display units is available car affordance  634  in CarPlay settings interface  632  in  FIG. 6D . 
     In some embodiments, such as those depicted in  FIGS. 6D and 6E , when the device detects that a peripheral display unit is available for the establishment of a relationship, an affordance appears, such as affordance  634  or  637 , indicating the name of the peripheral display unit and that the unit is available for establishing a relationship. Affordance  634  and affordance  637  indicate that a peripheral display unit related to a Mercedes Benz is available for the establishment of a relationship, as indicated by the name of the vehicle appearing in an “other cars” or “other devices” list. 
     At blocks  742  and  744 , optionally, the request from a user to establish a relationship comprises selection of the fourth option, and the device detects selection of the fourth option. In some embodiments, selection of the fourth option comprises selection of an affordance representing the fourth option. In some embodiments, selection of the fourth option comprises detection of a touch input at a location corresponding to the fourth option. An exemplary selection of the fourth option is user input  635  in  FIG. 6D , or user input  639  in  FIG. 6E . Both inputs  635  and  639 , in some embodiments, are a touch or tap input on a touch screen. In some embodiments, a user selecting the fourth option in the displayed user interface to authorize a wireless data connection constitutes, at least in part, the request to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit. 
     At block  746 , optionally, in response to detecting selection of the fourth option, the device displays a second user interface prompting the user to authorize a relationship with the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, after detecting selection of an option or affordance indicating a device with which to wirelessly establish a relationship, the device provides a prompt inquiring as to which kind of relationship—wired or wireless—the user would like to wirelessly establish. An exemplary user interface prompting the user to authorize a relationship with the peripheral display unit is user interface  638  from  FIG. 6F . 
     At block  748 , optionally, the second user interface comprises a fifth option corresponding to authorizing a wireless relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, this fifth option functions in the same way as the first option described above with reference to block  720 . An exemplary fifth option is wireless relationship affordance  622  in  FIG. 6F . 
     At block  750 , optionally, the second user interface comprises a sixth option corresponding to authorizing a wired relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, this sixth option functions in the same way as the second option described above with reference to block  722 . An exemplary sixth option is wired relationship affordance  624  in  FIG. 6F . 
     Notably, in some embodiments, the second user interface for prompting the user to authorize a relationship with the peripheral display unit, such as user interface  638 , does not contain an option for a charge-only connection, as interface  620  for wired-setup did. This is because, in some embodiments, user interface  638  is accessed through the deliberate selection of options to initiate a relationship-establishment process, such as the selection of affordance  634  or  637  by the user. Accordingly, it would seem unreasonable that, after selecting those options, the user would desire to instruct the device to authorize a charge-only relationship. Therefore, in some embodiments, the device determines, based on which user interfaces have recently been displayed or which options have recently been selected by the user, which options are most likely to be selected by the user. Making such a determination, and choosing to display only those options which are more likely to be selected by the user while suppressing display of options that are less likely to be selected, can increase the efficiency of the method and reduce the cognitive burden on the user in considering multiple options. Moreover, interface  638  is designed for use whether or not the device is physically connected by a wired physical connection to the peripheral display unit, so an option regarding a charging connection—which in almost all cases requires a wired physical connection—could be unhelpful to the user. For example, without a wired physical connection, the device would be unable to establish a wired data connection if the user were to select such an option, so inconvenience, inefficiency, cognitive strain, and confusion are avoided by suppressing display of an option to establish a wired connection in some embodiments. 
     At block  752 , optionally, the request from the user to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit comprises selection of the fifth option. In some embodiments, selection of the fifth option comprises selection of an affordance representing the fifth option. In some embodiments, selection of the fifth option comprises detection of a touch input at a location corresponding to the fifth option. An exemplary selection of the fifth option is user input  640  in  FIG. 6F . Input  640 , in some embodiments, is a touch or tap input on a touch screen. In some embodiments, a user selecting the fifth option in the displayed second user interface to authorize a wireless data connection constitutes, at least in part, the request to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit. 
     At block  754 , optionally, establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit (of block  704 ) includes displaying on the display of the device a third user interface prompting the user to enter credentials for the wireless data connection. In some embodiments, the device can optionally prompt the user to enter credentials corresponding to the wireless data connection by which the user is trying to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit. For example, in some embodiments, the device can optionally prompt the user to enter a Bluetooth confirmation code, such as a Bluetooth confirmation code displayed on the display of the peripheral display unit. This process can optionally be in an attempt to establish that the user has legitimate control over both the peripheral display unit and the device, and to prevent unauthorized users from wirelessly establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit, such as from nearby the peripheral display unit. An exemplary interface prompting the user to enter credentials for the wireless data connection is user interface  642  in  FIG. 6G . 
     Attention is now directed to method  704 - c  in  FIG. 7F . Method  704 - c  is an optional process performed as part of block  704 . That is, the steps in method  704 - c  primarily expand on the process of establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit, as explained above with reference to block  704 . 
     At block  756 , optionally, establishing a relationship comprises displaying a fourth user interface providing the user with an option to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit without syncing device contacts with the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, such a user interface is displayed after a request to authorize a relationship, such as after a user selects wireless relationship affordance  622  in  FIG. 6B  or wireless relationship affordance  622  in  FIG. 6F . 
     An exemplary user interface providing the user with an option to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit without syncing device contacts is user interface  644  in  FIG. 6H . In interface  644 , the user is explicitly prompted and encouraged not to sync contacts, rather than being encouraged and prompted to sync contacts. While syncing contacts (e.g., transferring contact information from a mobile phone for storage in a memory of a peripheral accessory, such as a motor vehicle) has been the norm in the prior art, there is no need to sync contacts in accordance with the methods disclosed herein. Saving contacts in a memory of a peripheral display unit creates an unnecessary security risk by exposing contact data to other users of the peripheral display device. For example, when a user of a system syncs his contacts to a Bluetooth-enabled vehicle, the contacts are, in many circumstances, thereafter accessible by other users of the car. However, by using a wired or wireless relationship such as those disclosed herein, such as CarPlay, there is no need to store contacts on the peripheral display unit. Rather, the peripheral display unit can simply use the connection to access the contacts as needed while the connection is active, without storing contact data on a memory at the peripheral display unit. 
     In accordance with these considerations, in some embodiments, not syncing contacts is the default option. In some embodiments, such as interface  644 , the user is explicitly informed that the connection will work without syncing contacts, and/or that the default option is to not sync contacts. For example, in user interface  644 , the option to not sync contacts is highlighted by being displayed in bold font (and can optionally be displayed in a different color). The option to not sync contacts is also displayed as a default in that it is located on the right side of the interface, proximate to the dominant thumb of most users of the device. Furthermore, the option to sync contacts is disparaged by being presented as “Sync Anyway”; thus, even if a user only reads the text on the buttons, the user will recognize that the syncing option is disfavored. 
     Attention is now directed to method  704 - d  in  FIG. 7F . Method  704 - d  is an optional process performed as part of block  704 . That is, the steps in method  704 - d  primarily expand on the process of establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit, as explained above with reference to block  704 . 
     At block  758 , optionally, establishing a relationship with the peripheral display unit comprises storing an indication of whether to establish a wireless connection, a wired connection, or a charge-only connection. In some embodiments, data is stored locally on a memory of the device that indicates the preference that has been selected by the user. For example, if the user elects a wireless relationship, then the device will save an indication of this preference so that it can automatically wirelessly reconnect to the peripheral at future times. For example, if the user elects wired relationship, then the device will save an indication of this preference so that it can reconnect to the peripheral at future times only when a wired data interface is connected. For example, if the user elects a charge-only connection, then the device will save an indication of this preference so that, in future instances of the device being able to connect with the peripheral display unit, it will not connect or share content, but instead will establish a charge-only connection. The stored indication, in some embodiments, also allows the device to not prompt the user to authorize a connection after the user has done so once, or, in some other embodiments, to prompt the user periodically at future times after the user has declined such authorization once. In some embodiments, an indication of whether to establish a connection (and of what kind) is alternately or additionally stored on a local memory of the peripheral display unit. 
     Attention is now directed to method  710 - e  in  FIG. 7F . Method  710 - e  is an optional process performed as part of block  710 . That is, the steps in method  710 - e  primarily expand on the process of establishing a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, as explained above with reference to block  710 . 
     At block  760 , optionally, detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection occurs while the device is in a locked state. 
     At block  762 , optionally, establishing a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit occurs while the device remains in a locked state. 
     In some embodiments of blocks  760  and  762 , a user carrying a device approaches a peripheral display unit. For example, a user carrying a mobile device in his pocket gets into a CarPlay-enabled car. The device detects that the peripheral is available for the establishment of a connection, in some embodiments, while the device is in a locked state. Moreover, the device establishes a connection with the peripheral, in some embodiments, while the device remains in a locked state. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the user&#39;s device detects the authorized peripheral display unit from the user&#39;s pocket and automatically wirelessly reestablishes a connection, and the user is not required to take the device out of his pocket or physically access the device in order for the connection to be completely established. Thus, in some embodiments, the user can simply enter his car and begin interacting with the peripheral display unit, without having to unlock, plug in, or otherwise interact with the device. In some embodiments, this functionality improves driver convenience and driver safety. 
     In some embodiments, being in a locked state means that the device is not displaying any output on its display. In some embodiments, being in a locked state means that the device is not responsive to touch inputs detected on its touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, being in a locked state means that access to some functions is restricted. In some embodiments, being in a locked state means that the device is in a low-power mode. In some embodiments, being in a locked state means that the device requires authentication by a user, such as a user entering a passcode or submitting biometric (e.g., fingerprint) authentication, before the user can access some functions of the device. 
     Attention is now directed to method  710 - f  in  FIG. 7G . Method  710 - f  is an optional process performed as part of block  710 . That is, the steps in method  710 - f  primarily expand on the process of establishing a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, as explained above with reference to block  710 . 
     At block  764 , optionally, establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit further comprises communicating with the peripheral display unit via a wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection, wherein a message communicated over the wireless data connection comprises an explicit instruction to establish a connection via the first data connection. In some embodiments, particularly embodiments in which the first data connection (on which the connection will exist) is a wireless data connection, it can be beneficial to use another wireless data connection to assist in reestablishing the first data connection. In some embodiments, the message passed over the wireless data connection, comprising an explicit instruction to reconnect via the first data connection, identifies the first data connection such that it can be located and authenticated more quickly. For example, when the first data connection is a Wi-Fi data connection, it can be beneficial to use a Bluetooth data connection to help reestablish the Wi-Fi data connection more quickly. In some embodiments, as a Bluetooth data connection reconnects more quickly than a Wi-Fi data connection, the reestablished Bluetooth data connection is used to hasten the reconnection of the Wi-Fi data connection by providing an instruction to reconnect via the Wi-Fi data connection (including, in some embodiments, an identification of the identity of the available Wi-Fi connection). This process is optionally called “bootstrapping” the first data connection with the (other) wireless data connection (e.g., the Bluetooth connection). 
     At block  766 , optionally, the instruction to establish a connection via the first data connection is transferred from the peripheral display unit to the device. In some embodiments, for example, the instruction to establish a Wi-Fi connection is transferred over a Bluetooth connection from a peripheral display unit to a device. For example, a CarPlay-enabled car can optionally transfer from the peripheral display unit to a user&#39;s mobile phone, via Bluetooth, an explicit instruction to reconnect to the CarPlay Wi-Fi connection. 
     Attention is now directed to block  768  in  FIG. 7G . Block  768  is part of process  700  for establishing a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments. Block  768  optionally occurs following blocks  706 - 710  in  FIG. 7B . 
     At block  768 , optionally, while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is active, the device transfers content over the first data connection. In some embodiments, once the relationship is formed in steps  706 - 710 , content can optionally then be transferred over the first data connection. As explained previously, the first data connection can optionally be a wired data connection (such as a USB data connection), such as a connection between wired data interface  606  and wired data interface  616  in  FIG. 6A , or it can optionally be a wireless data connection (such as a Wi-Fi data connection), such as a connection between first wireless data interface  602  and first wireless data interface  612  in  FIG. 6A . In some embodiments, content includes audio data, video data, phone call data, navigation data, web-browsing data, media data, user interface data, user input data, and more. In some embodiments, as explained above with reference to the option to not sync contacts, content transferred over the connection includes data relating to stored contact information. 
     Attention is now directed to blocks  770 - 784  in  FIG. 7H . Blocks  770 - 784  are part of process  700  for establishing a relationship between a device and a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments. Blocks  770 - 784  optionally occur following blocks  706 - 710  in  FIG. 7B . 
     At block  770 , optionally, the peripheral display unit has a discoverable state and a non-discoverable state, and the peripheral display unit comprises a hardware button configured to cause the peripheral display unit to enter the discoverable state. In some embodiments, a discoverable state is a state in which the peripheral display unit is configured to allow communication with and access by a device, for the formation of a stored relationship and the establishment of a connection, while a non-discoverable state is a state where the device is configured to not allow such communication and access. Thus, a user of a device, in some embodiments, is only able to establish a stored relationship and establish a connection when the peripheral display unit is in a discoverable state. 
     In some embodiments, a hardware button is provided on the peripheral display unit. An exemplary hardware button is hardware button  619  in  FIG. 6I . In some embodiments, the hardware button is a physical, actuable button or switch located in a housing of the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the button is a button located on the steering wheel of a vehicle in which the peripheral display unit is provided. In some embodiments, the hardware button is a touch-sensitive, pressure-sensitive, presence-sensitive, and/or capacitive-sensing mechanism, such as a touch pad, touch surface, or touch screen. 
     In some embodiments, the hardware button is configured to cause the peripheral display unit to enter the discoverable state, such that interaction with the hardware button (e.g., depression/actuation/contacting of the button) is configured to cause the peripheral display device to leave the non-discoverable state and enter the discoverable state (e.g., instead of requiring a user to navigate through a complex series of settings menus to place the peripheral display device into the discoverable state). 
     At block  772 , optionally, the hardware button is further configured to activate a native function of the peripheral display unit unrelated to making the unit discoverable. In some embodiments, the native function of the peripheral display unit is a voice-recognition function or a voice-activated interface inherent to an entertainment/media head unit of an accessory or peripheral display unit (such as a voice-activation function on a motor vehicle). 
     At block  774 , optionally, the hardware button is further configured to activate a function of the device distinct from the native function of the peripheral display unit and unrelated to making the peripheral display unit discoverable. In some embodiments, the function of the device is a voice recognition function, such as a personal digital assistant function that responds to the user&#39;s voice queries and voice commands to perform various functions. 
     In some embodiments in which the hardware button is configured to perform various unrelated functions, the button performs different functions depending on the state of the peripheral display unit and the device. For example, the hardware button can optionally perform different functions depending on whether the peripheral display unit is in a discoverable or non-discoverable state, and it can optionally perform different functions depending on whether the device is actively connected by a connection with the peripheral display unit. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the button performs different functions depending on a characteristic of the selection of the button. For example, the button can optionally perform different functions depending on whether it is selected with a short press (lasting less than a predefined amount of time) or a long press (lasting more than a predefined amount of time). 
     At block  776 , optionally, a short press of the hardware button activates a native voice recognition function of the peripheral display unit, and a long press of the hardware button causes the peripheral display unit to enter the discoverable state. An exemplary press of the hardware button is shown by depression  650  of button  619  in  FIG. 6I , which can optionally be a short or long press in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the peripheral display unit and the device are not currently actively connected by a connection with one another, and a short press of the hardware button causes the peripheral to activate a native voice recognition function, while a long press of the hardware button causes the device to enter a discoverable state. In some embodiments, if the device is already in a discoverable state, a long press has no effect; in other such embodiments, a long press causes the device to leave the discoverable state. In some embodiments, such as embodiments in which the peripheral display unit is already actively connected by a connection to a device, the hardware button performs additional functions. 
     Blocks  778 - 784  occur while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is active. For example, in some embodiments, these steps occur after the wired or wireless setup processes and the connection processes explained above have occurred. In some embodiments, these steps occur while a relationship is active and the device is sharing content with the peripheral display unit, such as in a CarPlay connection. 
     At block  780 , optionally, the device detects a long press of the hardware button. An exemplary long press of the hardware button is depression  650  of button  619  in  FIG. 6I . 
     At block  782 , optionally, in response to detecting the long press of the hardware button, the device activates the function of the device. In some embodiments, the peripheral detects a long press of the hardware button. Upon determining that a connection is active at the time, the peripheral passes data regarding the long press to the device. In response to receiving indication of the long press, the device activates a function of the device, in some embodiments. 
     At block  784 , optionally, the function of the device is a voice recognition function. In some embodiments, the function of the device is a personal digital assistant function that responds to the user&#39;s voice queries and voice commands to perform various functions. An exemplary personal digital assistant function is depicted by personal digital assistant interface  648  in  FIG. 6I . In some embodiments, activation of a personal digital assistant comprises display and/or audio output by one or both of the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, a microphone of the device and/or a microphone of the peripheral display unit are activated, in accordance with the activation of the personal digital assistant, to listen for voice commands or queries. 
     In some embodiments, the device displays an option to activate or deactivate connection authorization. In some embodiments, this option allows a user to elect to “turn off” the connection authorization, such that the device will not reestablish or reconnect to a peripheral display unit, even if a trust relationship has already been established with that peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, if the connection is active, turning off the connection authorization will cause the connection to deactivate. In some embodiments, the option to activate or deactivate the connection authorization is displayed as a switch or affordance. In some embodiments, the device presents a list of trusted peripheral display units, and when the user selects a unit from the list, the device presents the option to activate or deactivate the connection authorization. In some embodiments in which the device has established a relationship with multiple peripheral display units, connection authorizations can optionally be activated and deactivated for any of the peripheral display units independently of the others. 
     In some embodiments, the device displays an option to terminate a relationship with a peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, this option allows a user to elect to “forget” a trusted peripheral display unit, such that the peripheral display unit will no longer be considered trusted, and no connection will automatically reestablish with the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, if the connection is active, terminating the relationship will cause the connection to deactivate. In some embodiments, the option to terminate the relationship is displayed as an affordance. In some embodiments, the device presents a list of trusted peripheral display units, and when the user selects a unit from the list, the device presents the option to terminate the relationship with the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments in which the device has established a relationship with multiple peripheral display units, relationships can optionally be terminated for any of the peripheral display units independently of the others. 
     In some embodiments, when a connection is active, the device and peripheral display unit both rely on a cellular connection of the device, such that data is passed to and from the internet through the device&#39;s cellular connection, before or after being shared over the connection between the device and the peripheral. In some embodiments, the opposite is true, in that the device and peripheral both rely on a cellular connection of the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the user can optionally manually select (via an interface presented at the peripheral display unit and/or the device) which cellular connection to use. In some embodiments, an indicator/warning is displayed by the device and/or the peripheral display unit when the user is using one cellular connection or the other. Such a warning can be useful to users who may not be accustomed to choosing between two different cellular connections, possibly provided by different carriers, at different connection speeds, for different rates/costs, and/or with different data restrictions and limits. In some embodiments, for example, the peripheral display unit displays an “LTE” indicator when the cellular connection of the device is being used, and does not display an “LTE” indicator when the cellular connection of the peripheral display unit is being used. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 7A-7H  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  800 ,  900 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to  700  described above with respect to  FIGS. 7A-7H . For example, the devices, peripheral display units, relationships, connections, and user interfaces described above with reference to  700  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the devices, peripheral display units, relationships, connections, and user interfaces described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  800 ,  900 ). 
       FIGS. 8A-8D  are flow diagrams illustrating exemplary process  800  for monitoring battery-usage patterns and providing alerts in accordance therewith, in accordance with some embodiments such as those described above with reference to  FIGS. 6J-6M . Process  800  is carried out by device  500  ( FIG. 5 ), which can optionally be electronic device  100  or  300  ( FIGS. 1A and 3A ), in some embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed to  FIG. 8A , which is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for providing charge-level alerts and providing battery-usage alerts. 
     At block  802 , a device monitors battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring battery usage of the device includes monitoring a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device. An exemplary device is device  600  of  FIG. 6J , which can optionally have one or more batteries. A processor on the device, in some embodiments, is configured to monitor a charge level of the device, such as a total amount of battery charge remaining. In some embodiments, charge-level is compared to the maximum charge capacity of the battery. A processor on the device, in some embodiments, is further configured to monitor battery-usage patterns of the device. Battery-usage patterns can optionally include historical and contextual information about battery usage and charge level, as will be explained in greater detail below. 
     At block  804 , optionally, the battery usage patterns being monitored include one or more of: battery amount used since activating a first mode of operation, rate of battery usage since activating a first mode of operation, battery amount used since a past contextual event, rate of battery usage since the past contextual event, predicted time of the battery exhaustion reaching a predetermined threshold level, and predicted battery level by the time of a future contextual event. Accordingly, battery usage patterns include, in some embodiments, historical and contextual information about battery charge level, battery use rate, time of battery exhaustion, and how all of these factors relate to usage patterns and usage modes of the device. 
     In some embodiments, monitored battery-usage patterns include battery amount used since activating a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the device monitors a total amount of battery charge that has been used since entering a mode of operation, for example by recording an indication of the battery level at the time that the mode of operation is initiated, and comparing that initial amount of battery charge with the amount of battery charge remaining at later times to determine a charge level used since initiating the mode of operation. 
     In some embodiments, the first mode of operation is a high-power mode of operation. In some embodiments, the first mode of operation is an application. In some embodiments, the first mode of operation is a mode in which a data interface, such as a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (e.g., receiving Wi-Fi data and/or acting as a Wi-Fi hotspot), or cellular data interface is enabled. In some embodiments, the first mode of operation is a mode in which a data connection with a particular peripheral device (e.g., a peripheral display unit such as peripheral display unit  612  in  FIG. 6A or 6L ) is active/connected. In some embodiments, the first mode of operation is a gaming mode, a media playback mode, a media recording mode, a media streaming mode, or a navigation mode. 
     For example, in some embodiments, a device monitors an amount of battery used since the activation of a mode of operation in which a CarPlay wireless connection is connected. Monitoring the total amount of battery amount used since activating the mode of operation allows the device to provide helpful contextual information to a user, such as “You have used 50% of your battery since activating CarPlay,” or “You have used 75% of your remaining battery since activating CarPlay.” This information can help a user intuitively understand the battery-life implications of his usage patterns and make informed decisions about how to best conserve battery life going forward. 
     In some embodiments, monitored battery-usage patterns include rate of battery usage since activating a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the device monitors a rate of battery usage since activating a mode of operation, for example by recording a charge level at a time of initiation of a first mode of operation and recording the time of initiation of the first mode of operation, and comparing the recorded charge level and recorded time to a current time and current charge level to determine a rate of battery usage since activation of the first mode of operation. In some other embodiments, the device can optionally periodically record the charge level and the time at various points during use of a particular mode of operation, so that it can monitor changes in the rate of usage during a first mode of operation over time. 
     For example, in some embodiments, a device monitors a rate of battery used since the activation of a mode of operation in which a CarPlay wireless connection is connected. Monitoring the rate of battery usage since activating the mode of operation allows the device to provide helpful contextual information to a user, such as “You&#39;re using 50% of your battery per hour since activating CarPlay.” This information can help a user intuitively understand the battery-life implications of his usage patterns and make informed decisions about how to best conserve battery life going forward. 
     In some embodiments, monitored battery-usage patterns include battery amount used since a past contextual event. In some embodiments, battery amount used since the time of a past contextual event is monitored in a similar manner as described above with respect to battery amount used since the time of activation of a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, past contextual events include a time at which a user got in a car, a time at which a user left home or work, or a time at which a user arrived at a certain location (as determined by GPS data or other contextual information). In some embodiments, past contextual events include a time at which an event began (as determined by calendar data, internet data, or other contextual data). 
     For example, in some embodiments, a device monitors an amount of battery used since getting in the car. Monitoring the total amount of battery amount used since a past contextual event allows the device to provide helpful contextual information to a user, such as “You have used 50% of your battery since getting in the car,” or “You have used 75% of your remaining battery since getting in the car.” This information can help a user intuitively understand the battery-life implications of his usage patterns and make informed decisions about how to best conserve battery life going forward. 
     In some embodiments, monitored battery-usage patterns include rate of battery usage since a past contextual event. In some embodiments, rate of battery usage since a past contextual event can optionally be monitored in a similar manner as described above with respect to rate of battery usage since activating a first mode of operation. 
     For example, in some embodiments, a device monitors a rate of battery used since a getting in the car. Monitoring the rate of battery usage used since a past contextual event allows the device to provide helpful contextual information to a user, such as “You&#39;re using 50% of your battery per hour since getting in the car.” This information can help a user intuitively understand the battery-life implications of his usage patterns, and make informed decisions about how to best conserve battery life going forward. 
     In some embodiments, battery-usage patterns comprise consideration of historical and contextual data and predictions or projections calculated in accordance therewith. That is, in some embodiments, the device uses the current charge level and/or the current rate of battery usage in order to make predictions about how quickly the battery will be exhausted. In some embodiments, the device can optionally further consider the current mode of operation or recent contextual events in the context of past instances of using the current mode of operation or past instances of similar contextual events. For example, the device can optionally calculate a running average of battery-usage rate during a first mode of operation or during a first contextual scenario (e.g., while driving) or at a certain location (e.g., while at home, work, etc.). The device can optionally consider this average rate of battery use in addition to the current charge level and/or the current battery-usage rate in order to make a prediction about the usage of the battery. Predictions include, in some embodiments, a time of the battery reaching a predetermined minimum threshold, and/or a predicted battery level at a predetermined future time. 
     In some embodiments, monitored battery-usage patterns include a predicted time of the battery reaching a predetermined threshold level. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold level is a level at which the device will automatically power down (e.g., an “exhaustion” level). In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold level is a level at which the device will enter a power-saving mode. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold level is a percentage of the total charge capacity, such as 20% or 10%. 
     In some embodiments, monitored battery-usage patterns include a predicted battery level by the time of a future contextual event. In some embodiments, future contextual events include the predicted end time of a mode of operation, which can optionally be based on past patterns of usage of the mode (e.g., a historical average). In some embodiments, predicted end time of a mode of operation is determined based on or on cues from the mode (e.g., an application) itself, such as the length of a document, the length of a media being played back, or the number of levels in a game. In some embodiments, predicted end time of a mode of operation is determined based on calendar data indicating the beginning or end of an event, internet data indicating the beginning or end of an event, or GPS data indicating a predicted arrival at a destination. In some embodiments, future contextual events include the predicted arrival by a user at a destination. Time of arrival by a user at a destination can optionally be predicted, in some embodiments, by considering GPS data provided by the device, GPS data provided by a peripheral to which the device is connected, map data, internet data such as traffic data, and/or historical patterns of user conduct. In some embodiments, future contextual events include the beginning or end of a calendar event. 
     For example, in some embodiments, a device predicts a time by which a battery will be exhausted if it continues to be used in media playback mode, based on the current charge level of the battery, rate of battery use since beginning media playback mode, and a historical average of battery-usage rate in media playback mode. Then, the device compares the predicted time of exhaustion to upcoming contextual events, and determines that the battery will likely be exhausted by media playback mode before a user completes his drive home from work. The device can optionally then provide a notification to the user indicating as much. This information can help a user intuitively understand the battery-life implications of his usage patterns and make informed decisions about how to best conserve battery life going forward. 
     Blocks  806 - 810  occur while monitoring battery usage of the device, as explained with reference to block  802 . 
     At block  808 , in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, the device provides a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries. Charge-level notification criteria, in some embodiments, are predefined rules for triggering the provision of a charge-level alert. In some embodiments, charge-level notification criteria include that the charge level of the battery is below a predefined charge level, such as a predefined percentage of the total charge capacity of the battery. 
     In some embodiments, the charge-level alert is provided by displaying an alert on a display of the device, such as display  608  in  FIG. 6J . In some embodiments, the alert is provided by auditory or haptic output, or by sending a signal to another device or a connected peripheral instructing the other device/peripheral to provide the alert. In some embodiments, the charge-level alert indicates a current charge level as a percentage of the total charge capacity of the battery. An exemplary charge-level alert is alert  652  in  FIG. 6J . 
     At block  810 , in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, the device provides a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. Battery-usage notification criteria, in some embodiments, are predefined rules for triggering the provision of a battery-usage alert. As will be explained in greater detail below, battery-usage notification criteria, in some embodiments, include a criterion that is met when a battery is predicted to be below a certain charge level by a certain future time. 
     In some embodiments, the battery-usage alert is provided by displaying an alert on a display of the device, such as display  608  in  FIG. 6K . In some embodiments, the alert is provided by auditory or haptic output, or by sending a signal to another device or a connected peripheral instructing the other device/peripheral to provide the alert. In some embodiments, the battery-usage alert indicates a monitored battery-usage pattern. An exemplary battery-usage alert is alert  654  in  FIG. 6K . 
     Attention is now directed to method  804 - a  in  FIG. 8B . Method  804 - a  is an optional process performed as part of block  804 . That is, the steps in method  804 - a  primarily expand on the features regarding the battery-usage patterns being monitored, as explained above with reference to block  804 . 
     At block  812 , optionally, the first mode of operation comprises a high-power mode of operation. In some embodiments, a high-power mode of operation is any application, hardware configuration, physical device location, or other mode of operation that is predetermined or actively determined by the device to be a mode of operation in which battery charge is likely to be used at an elevated rate. For example, high-power modes of operation can optionally comprise application use, enablement of a data interface (such as a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or cellular data interface), or connection with a peripheral device (e.g., a peripheral display unit such as peripheral display unit  612  in  FIG. 6A or 6L ). 
     At block  814 , optionally, the first mode of operation comprises a wireless connection between the device and a peripheral display unit. An exemplary peripheral display unit is the peripheral display unit of  FIG. 6A or 6L , and an exemplary wireless connection is any of the wireless connections described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7H . Battery-usage alerts are particularly useful in this context because wireless connections between devices and peripheral display units, such as motor vehicles, are both energy-intensive and novel to users. Particularly, users may not be familiar with the battery implications of a Wi-Fi connection, and battery usage alerts can therefore help users conserve battery. 
     At block  816 , optionally, one or more of the charge-level alert (of block  808 ) and the battery-usage alert (of block  810 ) are provided through the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the device sends data over the wireless connection to the peripheral display unit instructing the peripheral display unit to provide the alert, such as by displaying it, providing an audio alert, or providing a haptic alert. An exemplary provision of a battery-usage alert by both a device and a connected peripheral display unit is shown by device  600  and peripheral display unit  610  in  FIG. 6L . Providing an alert on a peripheral display unit, such as in a vehicle, can be particularly useful when users are primarily interacting with the peripheral display unit rather than the device itself; as a user might not see or notice an alert provided only on the device, an alert provided through the peripheral display unit may be more noticeable and useful. 
     At block  818 , optionally, one or more of the charge-level alert (of block  808 ) and the battery-usage alert (of block  810 ) are provided through the peripheral display unit only when the device is not being charged. In some embodiments, even if the device would otherwise provide an alert, the alert is not provided through the peripheral display unit if the device is being charged. For example, if the device is plugged into a car, wall outlet, computer, or other charging source, then the alert can optionally be provided only by the device itself, or not at all. 
     Attention is now directed to method  810 - b  in  FIG. 8B . Method  810 - b  is an optional process performed as part of block  810 . That is, the steps in method  810 - b  primarily expand on the features regarding the battery-usage patterns being monitored, as explained above with reference to block  810 . 
     At block  820 , optionally, battery-usage notification criteria comprise a criterion that is met when a charge level of the one or more batteries of the device will be below a predefined charge level at a predicted end time of usage of a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, as explained above, the device relies on a combination of the current charge level, the rate of battery usage in the current mode of operation, historical rates of usage in the current mode of operation, and/or a prediction (e.g., based on historical usage patterns or present contextual indicators like media length or calendar-event length) of when use of the first mode of operation will end; relying on some or all of these factors, in some embodiments, the device determines that the battery is likely to fall below a predefined threshold before a predicted end time of usage of the first mode of operation. In accordance with such a determination, the device provides a battery usage alert indicating its prediction. For example, an alert informs a user, “Your battery is going to be below 20% by the time this movie finishes playing.” 
     At block  822 , optionally, battery-usage notification criteria comprise a criterion that is met when a charge level of the one or more batteries of the device will be below a predefined charge level at time of a predefined future event. In some embodiments, the predefined future event is based on calendar data (such as data entered in a user&#39;s personal calendar). For example, an alert informs a user, “Your battery is going to be below 20% by the time the concert starts.” 
     Attention is now directed to blocks  824 - 828  in  FIG. 8C . Blocks  824 - 828  are part of process  800  for monitoring battery-usage patterns and providing alerts in accordance with some embodiments. Blocks  824 - 828  optionally occur following blocks  806 - 810  in  FIG. 8A . 
     At block  824 , optionally, the device determines a destination for the device, wherein the battery-usage notification criteria comprise a criterion that is met when a charge level of the one or more batteries of the device will be below a predefined charge level at a predicted time at which the device will arrive at the destination. In accordance with some embodiments, the device considers the current position of the device (as determined by GPS data), a determined destination of the device, map data, traffic data (e.g., live traffic data from the internet), and any or all of the charge-level data and battery-usage patterns discussed above; in accordance with considering some or all of this data, the device predicts a time at which the user is expected to reach his destination and a charge level at which the battery is predicted to be at that future time. In some embodiments, a battery-usage notification criterion considers whether that predicted charge level is below a predetermined threshold; if the battery will be below such a threshold at the time a user is predicted to arrive at the destination, then, in some embodiments, the device provides a battery-usage alert indicating its prediction for the user. An exemplary battery usage alert provided in accordance with such a battery-usage notification criterion is alert  656  in  FIG. 6L . 
     At block  826 , optionally, the destination is a destination explicitly identified by the user. In some embodiments, the destination is a destination explicitly provided in a GPS application, a navigation application, a search application, a calendar application, or by some other explicit entry means. 
     At block  828 , optionally, the destination is a destination predicted based on user behavior. In some embodiments, the device predicts a user destination based on the user&#39;s past behavior, such as repeatedly driving to and from the same home and place of work on every weekday, or repeatedly driving to the same restaurant on every Monday evening. 
     Attention is now directed to blocks  830 - 834  in  FIG. 8D . Blocks  830 - 834  are part of process  800  for monitoring battery-usage patterns and providing alerts in accordance with some embodiments. Blocks  830 - 834  optionally occur following blocks  806 - 810  in  FIG. 8A . 
     At block  830 , optionally, in accordance with providing one or more of the charge-level alert and the battery-usage alert, the device provides an option to deactivate the first mode of operation. In some embodiments, in accordance with the same criteria that trigger display of a charge-level alert or a battery-usage alert, the device provides the user with an option to deactivate a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the device can optionally indicate that the mode is a high-power mode of operation, or that the mode should be disabled to conserve battery power. In some embodiments, the device presents the option to deactivate the mode as a default option, such as by displaying an affordance to deactivate the mode of operation in bolded font, or in a different color. An exemplary option to deactivate a first mode of operation is CarPlay deactivation prompt  658  in  FIG. 6M , which prompts the user to deactivate a CarPlay wireless connection mode. 
     At block  832 , optionally, the device detects selection of the option. An exemplary selection of the option is user input  660 - a  or user input  660 - b  in  FIG. 6M , which is a touch or tap input detected on an affordance displayed as part of CarPlay deactivation prompt  658  on either or both of display  608  or display  618 . 
     At block  834 , optionally, in accordance with detecting selection of the option, the device deactivates the first mode of operation. In some embodiments, in response to detecting user input  660 - a  or  660 - b , the device disconnects a wireless CarPlay connection, including disconnecting the Wi-Fi data connection associated therewith. 
     Attention is now directed to block  836  in  FIG. 8D . Block  836  is part of process  800  for monitoring battery-usage patterns and providing alerts in accordance with some embodiments. Block  836  optionally occurs following blocks  806 - 810  in  FIG. 8A . 
     At block  836 , optionally, in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, the device automatically deactivates a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the device automatically discontinues a high-power mode of operation in accordance with determining that the charge-level of the device is below a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the device automatically disconnects a wireless connection, such as any of those described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7H . The disconnection can optionally occur without any user intervention or approval. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 8A-8D  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  700 ,  900 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to  800  described above with respect to  FIGS. 8A-8D . For example, the devices, peripheral display units, relationships, connections, and user interfaces described above with reference to  800  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the devices, peripheral display units, relationships, connections, and user interfaces described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  700 ,  900 ). 
       FIGS. 9A-9E  are flow diagrams illustrating exemplary process  900  for configuring a user interface of a peripheral display unit in accordance with some embodiments, such as those described above with reference to  FIGS. 6N-6W . Process  900  is carried out by device  500  ( FIG. 5 ), which can optionally be electronic device  100  or  300  ( FIGS. 1A and 3A ), in some embodiments. 
     Attention is now directed to  FIG. 9A , which is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for configuring a user interface of a peripheral display unit. In accordance with the embodiments described herein, users can conveniently and efficiently configure the user interface of peripheral display units associated with a device. This configuration can be done remotely (away from the peripheral display unit) while the device is not actively connected to the peripheral display unit. Remote configuration is convenient to the user because it provides flexibility as to the time and place at which configuration can be done. Additionally, configuration via an associated device may be more convenient if the device has a superior input interface, such as when a mobile phone has a modern capacitive touch screen and a peripheral display unit has a cumbersome input interface. Furthermore, in embodiments in which the peripheral display unit is provided in a vehicle, allowing configuration of the interface improves driver safety by making the user interface more intuitive, customizable, and quickly accessible. Furthermore, allowing remote configuration lessens the need for a user to attempt configuration operations while in the car, improving driver safety. 
     At block  902 , optionally, the device establishes a relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, establishing such a relationship can optionally include establishing a relationship according to any of the methods described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7H . 
     At block  904 , the device displays on the display of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the representation of the peripheral interface is a window in an interface on the device, the window depicting a likeness of the peripheral interface. An exemplary configuration interface is interface  664  in  FIG. 6N . Interface  664  includes window  668 , which is an exemplary representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit. Window  668  represents peripheral interface  662 , which is an exemplary user interface of a peripheral display unit. 
     At block  906 , the device detects a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the request is a touch input detected by a touch-sensitive surface at a location corresponding to the configuration interface and/or the representation of the peripheral user interface displayed therein. In some embodiments, the request to configure the user interface represents a request to add a new user interface object to the peripheral interface, remove a user interface object from the peripheral interface, or rearrange a user interface object on the peripheral interface, as will be described in greater detail below. 
     At block  910 , optionally, displaying on the display of the device an updated representation of the user interface occurs while a data connection corresponding to a relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit is not active. In some embodiments, the configuration interface is accessible and fully functional when the device is not actively connected with the peripheral display unit. Accordingly, while no connection is active, a user in some embodiments can optionally access the configuration interface and execute instructions to configure the user interface of the peripheral device. In some embodiments, the configuration interface will display an indication to the user, such as a reconfigured representation of the peripheral interface, that a configuration has occurred, despite the peripheral display unit not being connected to the device. In some embodiments, the device stores data representing any configuration that the user has executed. 
     At block  912 , after detecting the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, the device transmits instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. In some embodiments, after detecting the request to configure the peripheral interface via the configuration interface, the device transmits data to the peripheral display unit representing an instruction to execute the configuration. In embodiments where the device and peripheral display unit are connected via an active connection when the instruction is detected, the transmission can optionally occur immediately, or very soon, after the instruction. 
     At block  914 , optionally, transmitting instructions to the peripheral display unit occurs when the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit is established. In some embodiments where the device and peripheral display unit are not connected via an active connection when the instruction is detected, the transmission can optionally occur at a later time in the future, such as upon the next reestablishment of a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit. The transmission of instructions can optionally occur over the data connection associated with any of the relationships discussed above. For example, the transmission of instructions, in some embodiments, occurs over the Wi-Fi data connection of a wireless CarPlay connection. In some embodiments, the user may be unaware that the transmission was delayed from the time of the instruction, because the user will not have interacted with the peripheral at any time before the connection automatically reestablishes itself in accordance with the methods explained above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7H . 
     In  FIG. 9B , at block  916 , optionally, the device stores the instructions in a memory of the device at least until the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the peripheral display is established. In some embodiments, when the configuration instruction is received at a time when a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit is not active, the device stores data on a local memory representing the instruction to configure the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the configuration instruction is then transmitted, as explained above with reference to block  914 , when the connection is next reestablished. In some embodiments, the configuration instructions are maintained in a memory on the device both before and after the relationship is next reestablished, as data corresponding to the user interface of the peripheral display unit is permanently maintained on the device and served to the peripheral display unit whenever the connection is active. 
     Attention is now directed to methods  910 - a ,  910 - b , and  910 - c  in  FIG. 9B . Methods  910 - a ,  910 - b , and  910 - c  are methods, in that they are optional processes performed as part of block  910 . That is, the steps in methods  910 - a ,  910 - b , and  910 - c  primarily expand on the features regarding the configuration instructions transmitted from the device to the peripheral display unit, as explained above with reference to block  910 . 
     As will be explained below, methods  910 - a ,  910 - b , and  910 - c  represent techniques for adding, removing, and repositioning user interface objects on the peripheral user interface, respectively. 
     At block  918 , optionally, the configuration user interface comprises a set of one or more representations of user interface objects available to be added to the user interface of the peripheral display unit, the instructions comprise instructions for adding to the user interface a user interface object corresponding to one of the one or more representations of user interface objects, and the request to configure the user interface comprises a user input corresponding to a location of one of the one or more representations of user interface objects available to be added to the user interface. 
     An exemplary set of one or more representations of user interface objects available to be added to the user interface of the peripheral display unit is the set of icons in tray  670  in  FIG. 6N . In some embodiments, representations of available user interface objects represent icons that can optionally be added to the peripheral interface, such as icons corresponding to new applications or new functions that have been downloaded by a user of the device or a user of the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, the representations have been pushed to the configuration interface by a back-end operator of the configuration interface, such as a developer associated with the device or the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, a new user interface object is added to a peripheral interface in accordance with an input that drags a representation of a new object onto the representation of the peripheral interface.  FIGS. 6N-6P  represent an example of an instruction detected at a device user interface to add an icon to the peripheral user interface. In  FIG. 6N , user input  674 - a  is detected. User input  674  is a swipe input that continues as user input  674 - 2  in  FIG. 6O , where it lifts off In accordance with the input in  FIGS. 6N and 6O , exemplary representation  672 - a  is displayed as moving from tray  670  to window  668 . In embodiments in which the device and the peripheral display unit are not connected at the time, the instruction to update the peripheral display unit is not yet transmitted, as illustrated in  FIG. 6O , in which peripheral interface  662  is not yet updated.  FIG. 6P  depicts the instruction to add the new user interface object being transmitted to the peripheral display unit and implemented by the peripheral display unit, as new user interface object  676  is displayed. 
     At block  920 , optionally, the instructions comprise instructions for removing a user interface object from the user interface. In some embodiments, a user interface object is removed from a peripheral display interface in accordance with a gesture that selects a deletion affordance associated with a representation of a user interface icon on a representation of a peripheral user interface. 
       FIGS. 6Q-6S  represent an example of an instruction detected at a device user interface to remove an icon from the peripheral user interface. In  FIG. 6Q , user input  680  is detected. User input  674  is a tap or press input detected at a location corresponding to deletion affordance  678 , which corresponds to representation  672 - a . In accordance with input  680 , exemplary representation  672 - a  ceases to be displayed in window  668  and is displayed in tray  670 , as shown in  FIG. 6R . In embodiments in which the device and the peripheral display unit are not connected at the time, the instruction to update the peripheral display unit is not yet transmitted, as illustrated in  FIG. 6R , in which peripheral interface  662  is not yet updated.  FIG. 6S  depicts the instruction to remove the user interface object being transmitted to the peripheral display unit and implemented by the peripheral display unit, as user interface object  676  is no longer displayed. 
     At block  922 , optionally, the instructions comprise instructions for repositioning of a user interface object on the user interface. In some embodiments, a user interface object is repositioned on a peripheral display interface in accordance with an input that drags a representation of a user interface object from one location on a representation of the user interface to another location on the representation of the user interface. 
       FIGS. 6T-6V  represent an example of an instruction detected at a device user interface to reposition an icon on the peripheral user interface. In  FIG. 6T , user input  682 - 1  is detected. User input  682  is a swipe input that continues as user input  682 - 2  in  FIG. 6U , where it lifts off. In accordance with the input in  FIGS. 6T and 6U , exemplary representation  672 - a  is displayed as moving from a first position in window  668  to a second position in window  668 . In embodiments in which the device and the peripheral display unit are not connected at the time, the instruction to update the peripheral display unit is not yet transmitted, as illustrated in  FIG. 6U , in which peripheral interface  662  is not yet updated.  FIG. 6V  depicts the instruction to add the new user interface object being transmitted to the peripheral display unit and implemented by the peripheral display unit, as user interface object  676  is displayed in its new position. 
     Attention is now directed to  FIGS. 9C-9E , which are flow diagrams illustrating an exemplary process for configuring a user interface of a peripheral display unit. The steps represented in  FIGS. 9C-9E  occur following blocks  912  and  914  discussed above. 
     At block  924 , the configuration interface further comprises a representation of a second user interface of a second peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, a second representation of a second peripheral display unit is displayed at the same time as the first representation of the first user interface. In some embodiments, the configuration user interface selectively displays different representations of the user interfaces of different peripheral display units one at a time. An exemplary configuration user interface displaying a second representation of a second peripheral display unit is interface  664  in  FIG. 6W , which is displaying window  686 . Window  686  is a representation of user interface  684 , which is the user interface of peripheral display unit  610 - b . Displaying representations of more than one user interface allows a user to use the configuration interface to configure user interfaces for multiple peripheral display units from a single device. For example, if a user has multiple CarPlay-enabled cars with which he has established relationships with his device, then the user can use a single device to configure the user interface of both cars. Conveniently, this can be done from a single device, and at any time while actively connected to either car or to neither of the cars. 
     At blocks  926 - 938 , optionally, steps are carried out in which the device detects an input, via the configuration interface, to configure the second peripheral interface. In response to the request, which in some embodiments occurs while the device and the second peripheral are not actively connected via a connection, the device displays an updated representation of the user interface in accordance with the configuration request. Then, after detecting the request, and in some embodiments when the device reestablishes a connection with the second peripheral, the device transmits instructions to the second peripheral to display the second peripheral interface in accordance with the second configuration instruction. In embodiments in which the device and the peripheral are not connected at the time that the configuration instruction is detected, the device stores the instruction locally at least until it is transmitted to the second peripheral. All of these steps can optionally be carried out, in some embodiments, in all of the same manners as described above with reference to the first peripheral user interface and blocks  902 - 922 . 
     At block  926 , optionally, the device detects a second request to configure the second user interface. 
     At block  928 , optionally, in response to detecting the second request to configure the second user interface, the device displays on the display of the device a second updated representation of the second user interface, wherein the second updated representation is generated in accordance with the second detected request. 
     At block  930 , optionally, displaying on the display of the device the second updated representation of the second user interface occurs while a data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the second peripheral display unit is not active. 
     At block  932 , optionally, after detecting the second request to configure the second user interface, the device transmits instructions to the second peripheral display unit to display the second user interface in accordance with the detected request. 
     At block  934 , optionally, transmitting second instructions to the second peripheral display unit occurs when the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the second peripheral display unit is established. 
     At block  936 , optionally, the device stores the second instructions in a memory of the device at least until the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the second peripheral display unit is established. 
     At block  938 , optionally, the first instruction and the second instruction are simultaneously stored at the device. 
     At block  940 , the first instruction and the second instruction are simultaneously stored at the device. In some embodiments, the device detects a first instruction for configuring a user interface of a first device, and detects a second instruction for configuring the user interface of a second device. In some embodiments, the device receives both instructions while disconnected from the peripheral display units associated with both peripheral interfaces. In some embodiments, the device stores both instructions on a local memory at the same time, at least until one or both is transmitted to the associated peripheral display unit. Each instruction can optionally be indexed by a file identifier associated with the corresponding peripheral display unit. 
     Attention is now directed to method  924 - f  in  FIG. 9E . Method  924 - f  is an optional process performed as part of block  924 . That is, the steps in method  924 - f  primarily expand on the features regarding the second user interface of a second peripheral display unit, as explained above with reference to block  924 . 
     At block  942 , optionally, the second user interface comprises one or more user interface objects different from the first user interface. In some embodiments, the user interface objects have a different appearance and/or a different function. In some embodiments, the user interface objects on the second user interface correspond to applications that are unique to the manufacturer or provider of the second peripheral display unit. An example of the user interface objects on different peripheral interfaces being different is depicted by the comparison of user interface objects  663  on first peripheral interface  662  in  FIG. 6V  and user interface objects  668  in interface  684  in  FIG. 6W . 
     At block  944 , optionally, the second user interface comprises an arrangement of user interface objects different from the first user interface. An example of the user interface objects on different peripheral interfaces being in different arrangements is depicted by the comparison of user interface objects  663  on first peripheral interface  662  in  FIG. 6V  and user interface objects  668  in interface  684  in  FIG. 6W . 
     At block  946 , optionally, the second peripheral display unit has one or more of a screen size different from the first peripheral display unit, a screen orientation different from the first peripheral display unit, and a screen resolution different from the first peripheral display unit. An example of such differences is depicted by the comparison of device  610  having screen  618  in  FIG. 6V  and device  610 - b  having screen  618 - b  in  FIG. 6W . The screen size, screen resolution, and screen orientation of display  618  and  618 - b  are all different. 
     At block  948 , optionally, the configuration user interface comprises a second set of representations of one or more user interface objects available to be added to the second user interface, the second instructions comprise instructions for adding to the user interface a user interface object corresponding to one of the one or more representations of user interface objects from the second set, the second request to configure the second user interface comprises a second user input corresponding to a location of the one of the one or more representations of user interface objects from the second set, and the first set and the second set comprise representations of different user interface objects. In some embodiments, a new user interface object is added to the second peripheral interface in accordance with an input that drags a representation of a new object onto the representation of the second peripheral interface. In some embodiments, this process can optionally be carried out in all of the same manners as described above with reference to adding new user interface objects to the first user interface, as in block  918 . However, in embodiments in which the reconfiguration interface displays different representations of different peripheral interfaces, the configuration interface can optionally also display a different set of representations of available new user interface icons. In some embodiments, each user interface available for configuration has a corresponding set of representations of available new user interface objects. The available user interface icons can optionally be unique to each peripheral user interface in accordance with different user interface objects made available, in some embodiments, by developers or manufacturers associated with specific peripheral display units. For example, the manufacturers of different cars having built-in peripheral display units can optionally make available different applications that are specifically available to that manufacturer&#39;s cars. 
     It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in  FIGS. 9A-9E  have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  700 ,  800 ) are also applicable in an analogous manner to  900  described above with respect to  FIGS. 9A-9E . For example, the devices, peripheral display units, relationships, connections, and user interfaces described above with reference to  900  optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the devices, peripheral display units, relationships, connections, and user interfaces described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., methods  700 ,  800 ). 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 10  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  1000  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 10  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , electronic device  1000  includes display unit  1002  configured to display a user interface, input interface unit  1004  configured to receive input, wireless communication unit  1006  configured to send and/or receive data over a wireless data connection, wireless communication unit  1008  configured to send and/or receive data over a wireless data connection, wired communication unit  1010  configured to send and/or receive data over a wired data connection, and processing unit  1014  coupled to said units. In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  includes receiving unit  1016 , establishing unit  1018 , detecting unit  1020 , receiving enabling unit  1022 , displaying enabling unit  1024 , providing enabling unit  1026 , transferring enabling unit  1028 , communicating enabling unit  1030 , storing unit  1032 , and activating unit  1034 . 
     Processing unit  1014  is configured to receive (e.g., with the receiving unit  1016 ) a request from a user to authorize a relationship that corresponds to a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over a first data connection with the peripheral display unit. Processing unit  1014  is further configured to, in response to receiving the request to authorize a relationship, establish (e.g., with the establishing unit  1018 ) a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein establishing the relationship includes enabling receiving (e.g., with the enabling receiving unit  1020 ) authentication information from the peripheral display unit via a second data connection that is different from the first data connection. Processing unit  1014  is further configured to, while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is not active, detect (e.g., with the detecting unit  1020 ) that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, and, in response to detecting that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection, establish (e.g. with the establishing unit  1018 ) a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit, wherein the connection is a connection over the first data connection, and wherein establishing the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit comprises enabling providing (e.g., with the providing enabling unit) the authentication information to the peripheral display unit to establish the connection. 
     In some embodiments, the second data connection is a wired data connection. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, while a relationship has not been established with the peripheral display unit, enable receiving (e.g., via receiving enabling unit  1020 ) a communication from the peripheral display unit over the wired data connection between the device and the peripheral display unit. In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, in response to receiving the communication, enable displaying (e.g., with displaying enabling unit  1022 ) a first user interface prompting the user to authorize a relationship with the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, displaying (e.g., via display unit  1002 ) the first user interface prompting the user to authorize a relationship comprises displaying a first option corresponding to authorizing a wireless relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit, a second option corresponding to authorizing a wired relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit, and a third option corresponding to authorizing a charging-only connection between the device and the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, the request from the user to establish (e.g., via establishing unit  1018 ) a relationship with the peripheral display unit comprises selection of the first option. 
     In some embodiments, the authentication information comprises credentials for a wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection. 
     In some embodiments, the second data connection is a wireless data connection. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, while a relationship has not been established (e.g., via establishing unit  1018 ) with the peripheral display unit: detect (e.g., with detecting unit  1020 ), via one or more of the first and second data connections, that the peripheral display unit is available for the establishment of a relationship. In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, in response to detecting (e.g., via detecting unit  1020 ) that the peripheral display unit is available for the establishment of a relationship, enable displaying (e.g., via displaying enabling unit  1022 ) a fourth option for authorizing a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein the request from a user to establish a relationship comprises selection of the fourth option. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to detect (e.g., with detecting unit  1020 ) selection of the fourth option. In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to enable displaying (e.g., with displaying enabling unit  1022 ) a second user interface prompting the user to authorize a relationship with the peripheral display unit, wherein the second user interface comprises: a fifth option corresponding to authorizing a wireless relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit, and a sixth option corresponding to authorizing a wired relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, the request from the user to establish (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) a relationship with the peripheral display unit comprises selection of the fifth option. 
     In some embodiments, the fourth option for authorizing a relationship is an item in a list of Bluetooth-capable devices. 
     In some embodiments, the fourth option for authorizing a relationship is an item in a list of vehicles with peripheral display units. 
     In some embodiments, establishing (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) a relationship with the peripheral display unit includes enabling displaying (e.g., with displaying enabling unit  1022 ) on the display of the device a third user interface prompting the user to enter credentials for the wireless data connection. 
     In some embodiments, establishing (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) a relationship comprises enabling displaying (e.g., with displaying enabling unit  1022 ) a fourth user interface providing the user with an option to establish a relationship with the peripheral display unit without syncing device contacts with the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is active, enable transferring (e.g., with transferring enabling unit  1026 ) content over the first data connection. 
     In some embodiments, detecting (e.g., with detecting unit  1020 ) that the peripheral display unit is available for establishment of a connection occurs while the device is in a locked state. 
     In some embodiments, establishing (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit occurs while the device remains in a locked state. 
     In some embodiments, establishing (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) the connection between the device and the peripheral display unit further comprises: enabling communicating (e.g., with communicating enabling unit  1028 ) with the peripheral display unit via a wireless data connection distinct from the first data connection, wherein a message communicated over the wireless data connection comprises an explicit instruction to establish a connection via the first data connection. 
     In some embodiments, the instruction to establish (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) a connection via the first data connection is transferred from the peripheral display unit to the device. 
     In some embodiments, establishing (e.g., with establishing unit  1018 ) a relationship with the peripheral display unit comprises storing (e.g., with storing unit  1030 ) an indication of whether to establish a wireless connection, a wired connection, or a charge-only connection. 
     In some embodiments, the peripheral display unit has a discoverable state and a non-discoverable state, and the peripheral display unit comprises a hardware button configured to cause the peripheral display unit to enter the discoverable state. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to the hardware button is further configured to activate a native function of the peripheral display unit unrelated to making the unit discoverable. 
     In some embodiments, the hardware button is further configured to activate (e.g., with activating unit  1032 ) a function of the device distinct from the native function of the peripheral display and unrelated to making the peripheral display unit discoverable. 
     In some embodiments, a short press of the hardware button activates a native voice recognition function of the peripheral display unit, and a long press of the hardware button causes the peripheral display unit to enter the discoverable state. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, while a connection between the device and the peripheral display unit over the first data connection is active, detect (e.g., with detecting unit  1020 ) a long press of the hardware button. In some embodiments, processing unit  1014  is further configured to, in response to detecting the long press of the hardware button, activate (e.g., with activating unit  1032 ) the function of the device. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 11  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  1100  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 11  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , electronic device  1100  includes display unit  1102  configured to display a user interface, input interface unit  1104  configured to receive input, wireless communication unit  1106  configured to send and/or receive data over a wireless data connection, wireless communication unit  1108  configured to send and/or receive data over a wireless data connection, wired communication unit  1110  configured to send and/or receive data over a wired data connection, and processing unit  1114  coupled to said units. In some embodiments, processing unit  1114  includes monitoring unit  1116 , providing enabling unit  1118 , determining unit  1120 , detecting unit  1122 , and deactivating unit  1124 . 
     Processing unit  1114  is configured to monitor (e.g. with monitoring unit  1116 ) battery usage of the device, wherein monitoring (e.g., with monitoring unit  1116 ) battery usage of the device includes monitoring (e.g., with monitoring unit  1116 ) a charge level of one or more batteries of the device and monitoring (e.g., with monitoring unit  1116 ) battery usage patterns of the one or more batteries of the device. Processing unit  1114  is further configured to, while monitoring (e.g., with monitoring unit  1116 ) battery usage of the device, in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, enable providing (e.g. with providing enabling unit  1118 ) a charge-level alert that indicates a current charge level of the one or more batteries; and, in accordance with a determination that battery usage of the device meets battery-usage notification criteria different from the charge-level notification criteria, enable providing (e.g., with providing enabling unit  1118 ) a battery-usage alert that indicates a current battery usage pattern. 
     In some embodiments, the battery usage patterns being monitored include one or more of: battery amount used since activating a first mode of operation, rate of battery usage since activating a first mode of operation, battery amount used since a past contextual event, rate of battery usage since a past contextual event, predicted time of the battery reaching a predetermined threshold level, and predicted battery level by the time of a future contextual event. 
     In some embodiments, the first mode of operation comprises a high-power mode of operation. 
     In some embodiments, the first mode of operation comprises a wireless connection between the device and a peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the charge-level alert and the battery-usage alert are provided (e.g., by providing enabling unit  1118 ) through the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the charge-level alert and the battery-usage alert are provided (e.g., by providing enabling unit  1118 ) through the peripheral display unit only when the device is not being charged. 
     In some embodiments, the battery-usage notification criteria comprise a criterion that is met when a charge level of the one or more batteries of the device will be below a predefined charge level at a predicted end time of usage of a first mode of operation. 
     In some embodiments, the battery-usage notification criteria comprise a criterion that is met when a charge level of the one or more batteries of the device will be below a predefined charge level at time of a predefined future event. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1117  is further configured to, determine (e.g., with determining unit  1120 ) a destination for the device, wherein the battery-usage notification criteria comprise a criterion that is met when a charge level of the one or more batteries of the device will be below a predefined charge level at a predicted time at which the device will arrive at the destination. 
     In some embodiments, the destination is a destination explicitly identified by the user. 
     In some embodiments, the destination is a destination predicted based on user behavior. 
     In some embodiments, the processing  1114  unit is further configured to, in accordance with providing one or more of the charge-level alert and the battery-usage alert, enable providing (e.g., with providing enabling unit  1120 ) an option to deactivate a first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the processing  1114  unit is further configured to detect (e.g., with detecting unit  1122 ) selection of the option, and, in accordance with detecting (e.g., with detecting unit  1122 ) selection of the option, deactivate (e.g., with deactivating unit  1124 ) the first mode of operation. 
     In some embodiments, the processing  1114  unit is further configured to, in accordance with a determination that a charge level of the device meets charge-level notification criteria, automatically deactivate (e.g., with deactivating unit  1124 ) a first mode of operation. 
     In accordance with some embodiments,  FIG. 12  shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device  1200  configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIG. 12  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , electronic device  1200  includes display unit  1202  configured to display a user interface, input interface unit  1204  configured to receive input, wireless communication unit  1206  configured to send and/or receive data over a wireless data connection with a peripheral display unit, wireless communication unit  1208  configured to send and/or receive data over a wireless data connection with a peripheral display unit, wired communication unit  1210  configured to send and/or receive data over a wired data connection with a peripheral display unit, and a processing unit  1214  coupled to said units. In some embodiments, the processing unit  1214  includes display enabling unit  1216 , detecting unit  1218 , transmitting enabling unit  1220 , establishing unit  1222 , and storing unit  1224 . 
     Processing unit  1214  is configured to enable displaying (e.g., with display enabling unit  1216 ) on the display unit of the device a configuration interface, wherein the configuration interface comprises a representation of a user interface of a peripheral display unit. Processing unit  1214  is further configured to enable detecting (e.g., with detecting unit  1218 ) a request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit. Processing unit  1214  is further configured to enable, in response to detecting (e.g. with detecting unit  1218 ) the request to configure the user interface, enable displaying (e.g., with display enabling unit  1216 ) on the display unit of the device an updated representation of the user interface, wherein the updated representation is generated in accordance with the detected request. Processing unit  1214  is configured to enable, after detecting (e.g., with detecting unit  1218 ) the request to configure the user interface of the peripheral display unit, transmitting (e.g., with transmitting enabling unit  1220 ) instructions to the peripheral display unit to display the user interface generated in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1214  is further configured to, before enabling displaying (e.g., with display enabling unit  1216 ) the configuration interface, establish (e.g., with establishing unit  122 ) a relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, displaying on the display unit of the device an updated representation of the user interface occurs while a data connection corresponding to a relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit is not active, and transmitting instructions to the peripheral display unit occurs when the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the peripheral display unit is established (e.g., with establishing unit  1222 ). 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1214  is further configured to store (e.g., with storing unit  1224 ) the instructions in a memory of the device at least until the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the peripheral display is established (e.g., with establishing unit  1222 ). 
     In some embodiments, the configuration user interface comprises a set of one or more representations of user interface objects available to be added to the user interface of the peripheral display unit, the instructions comprise instructions for adding to the user interface a user interface object corresponding to one of the one or more representations of user interface objects, and the request to configure the user interface comprises user input corresponding to a location of one of the one or more representations of user interface objects available to be added to the user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the instructions comprise instructions for removing a user interface object from the user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the instructions comprise instructions for repositioning of a user interface object on the user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the configuration interface further comprises a representation of a second user interface of a second peripheral display unit, and the processing unit is further configured to: detect (e.g., with detecting unit  1218 ) a second request to configure the second user interface; in response to detecting (e.g., with detecting unit  1218 ) the second request to configure the second user interface, enable displaying (e.g., with display enabling unit  1216 ) on the display unit of the device a second updated representation of the second user interface, wherein the second updated representation is generated in accordance with the second detected request, and, after detecting (e.g., with detecting unit  1218 ) the second request to configure the second user interface, enable transmitting (e.g., with transmitting enabling unit  1220 ) instructions to the second peripheral display unit to display the second user interface in accordance with the detected request. 
     In some embodiments, displaying on the display of the device the second updated representation of the second user interface occurs while a data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the second peripheral display unit is not active, and transmitting second instructions to the second peripheral display unit occurs when the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the second peripheral display unit is established (e.g., with establishing unit  1222 ). 
     In some embodiments, processing unit  1214  is further configured to store (e.g., with storing unit  1224 ) the second instructions in a memory of the device at least until the data connection corresponding to the relationship between the device and the second peripheral display unit is established (e.g., with establishing unit  1222 ). 
     In some embodiments, the first instruction and the second instruction are simultaneously stored (e.g., with storing unit  1224 )) at the device. 
     In some embodiments, the second user interface comprises one or more user interface objects different from the first user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the second user interface comprises an arrangement of user interface objects different from the first user interface. 
     In some embodiments, the second peripheral display unit has one or more of a screen size different from the first peripheral display unit, a screen orientation different from the first peripheral display unit, and a screen resolution different from the first peripheral display unit. 
     In some embodiments, the configuration user interface comprises a second set of representations of one or more user interface objects available to be added to the second user interface, the second instructions comprise instructions for adding to the user interface a user interface object corresponding to one of the one or more representations of user interface objects from the second set, the second request to configure the second user interface comprises second user input corresponding to a location of the one of the one or more representations of user interface objects from the second set, and the first set and the second set comprise representations of different user interface objects. 
     The units of  FIGS. 10-12  can optionally be used to implement the various techniques and methods described above. The units of devices  1000 ,  1100 , and  1200  are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in  FIGS. 10-12  are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. For example, units  1002 - 1010 ,  1102 - 1110 , and  1202 - 1210  can have associated “controller” units that are operatively coupled with the respective unit and processing unit to enable operation. These controller units are not separately illustrated in  FIGS. 10-12  but are understood to be within the grasp of one of ordinary skill in the art who is designing a device having units such as those in devices  1000 ,  1100 , or  1200 . The description herein thus optionally supports combination, separation, and/or further definition of the functional blocks described herein. 
     Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying figures, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the appended claims. 
     The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 3 ) or application-specific chips. 
     The operations described above with reference to  FIGS. 7A-7H, 8A-8D, and 9A-9D  are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B  or  FIG. 10, 11 , or  12 . For example, receiving operation  702 , establishing operation  704 , detecting operation  708 , establishing operation  710 , receiving operation  716 , displaying operation  718 , displaying operation  720 , displaying operation  722 , displaying operation  724 , detecting operation  734 , displaying operation  736 , detecting operation  744 , displaying operation  746 , transferring operation  768 , detecting operation  780 , activating operation  782 , monitoring operation  802 , providing operation  808 , providing operation  810 , determining operation  824 , providing operation  830 , detecting operation  832 , deactivating operation  834 , deactivating operation  836 , establishing operation  902 , displaying operation  904 , detecting operation  906 , displaying operation  908 , transmitting operation  912 , storing operation  916 , detecting operation  926 , displaying operation  928 , transmitting operation  934 , and/or storing operation  938  are, optionally, implemented by event sorter  170 , event recognizer  180 , and event handler  190 . Event monitor  171  in event sorter  170  detects a contact on touch-sensitive display  112 , and event dispatcher module  174  delivers the event information to application  136 - 1 . A respective event recognizer  180  of application  136 - 1  compares the event information to respective event definitions  186 , and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer  180  activates an event handler  190  associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler  190  optionally uses or calls data updater  176  or object updater  177  to update the application internal state  192 . In some embodiments, event handler  190  accesses a respective GUI updater  178  to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in  FIGS. 1A-1B . 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.