Patent Publication Number: US-6335692-B1

Title: Timer device for medication container with progressive warning display

Description:
This application claims the priority of provisional U.S. patent application No. 60/139,374, filed Jun. 16, 1999. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention provides a visual indicator or display for use with medication containers that signals to the patient or user that a medication (or dietary supplement or the like) has previously been taken within a particular preceding time interval and should not be taken again. 
     A timer device of this generic type is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,334, by the inventor identified in the present application, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For this purpose, the &#39;334 patent provides a medicine (or dietary supplement) bottle cap which superimposes a liquid crystal display on top of a permissive indicator, such as a smiling face caricature of other graphic, as shown in FIGS. 5 a  and 5 b  thereof. When the bottle cap is opened and closed, the liquid crystal is energized, and created a pattern of opaque lines or bars over the permissive smiling face graphic. The liquid crystal display remains energized for a length of time equal to the timing between prescribed dosages of the medication contained in the container. When that period of time expires, so that it is permissible for the patient to take another dosage of the medication, the liquid crystal display is de-energized, so that the opaque pattern superimposed on the permissive indicator disappears. Thereafter, when the patient inspects the container lid, he or she sees the permissive indicator, signaling that it is once again permitted to take a dosage of the medication. 
     The signaling arrangement disclosed in the &#39;334 patent is binary in nature. That is, it signals only that it is, or is not, permissible to take another dosage of medication. The user of the device is therefore unable to determine from inspection of the display how long it will be until the next dosage of medication is authorized. 
     One object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a medication or dietary supplemental container of the type described, that signals permission for the next dosage of medication to be taken, and also provides the user with an intuitive, easily understandable visual indication of the amount of time remaining before the next medication dosage is permitted. 
     This and other objects and advantages are achieved by the present invention, which includes a display device in which a permissive indicator, such as a smiling face or the letters “OK” or the like, is progressively uncovered as the prescribed time between medication dosages expires. For this purpose, a substrate with the permissive indicator printed thereon is covered by a liquid crystal display comprising a series of adjacent parallel substantially opaque line segments, bars, or other display elements, which block the visual permissive indicator when the liquid crystal display device is initially energized (by removal and replacement of the container lid) in the manner disclosed in the &#39;334 patent. The opaque line segments or bars of the liquid crystal display disappear progressively as the danger associated with taking a second dose diminishes with elapsed time. All elements of the liquid crystal display are dark at the beginning of the cycle, and none of them is dark when the time has fully expired, so that the permissive indicator under the LCD elements is fully exposed. In this manner, the user of the medication bottle is provided with an easily readable and understandable intuitive indication of the amount of time remaining before an additional dosage can be taken. 
     Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1 a - 1   d  illustrates the display arrangement according to the invention at four different times during the progression of the prescribed medication cycle; and 
     FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a timing arrangement for actuating the display of FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     As shown in FIG. 1, the display arrangement according to the invention includes a substrate with a permissive indicator in the form of the letters “OK” for indicating to the user of the medication container that it is permissible to take an additional dosage of the medication when the permissive display is visible. In a manner known to those skilled in the art, and as disclosed in particular in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,334, the display arrangement also includes a liquid crystal display sandwiched on top of the printed substrate, for blocking out the permissive graphic when it is impermissible to take an additional dosage of medication. 
     The display arrangement according to the invention includes a plurality of dark or opaque line segments or bars, etc. which may be energized separately or in groups. When the liquid crystal display is initially energized in the manner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,334, all of the dark line segments are energized, thus obscuring the permissive indicator “OK”. However, as noted previously, as the prescribed time period between dosages of the medication expires, the dark line segments of the liquid crystal display are made to disappear sequentially, as indicated in FIGS. 1 b  and  1   c . When the prescribed time between dosages has completely expired, the permissive indicator letters “OK” are completely visible, as shown in FIG. 1 d . Thus, since the opaque bars are sequentially de-energized in order, the user of the medication bottle can at a glance obtain an intuitive indication of the approximate time remaining before an additional dosage will be authorized. 
     Techniques and apparatus for sequentially deactivating the vertical liquid crystal line segments in FIG. 1 as described above are well known and readily implemented by those skilled in the art, requiring a timer and a logical switching arrangement for sequentially de-energizing a series of LCD drivers. An example of such a circuit, which is made up of a lid switch S 1 , and R-C oscillator circuit and six commercially available integrated circuit packages, is shown in FIG.  2 . The oscillator, which is provided by capacitors C 1  and C 2  and resistors R 1  and R 2  drives a counter in the integrated circuit package U 1 , which in turn drives a smaller circuit U 2 . An output from the latter is input to integrated circuit package U 4  which contains a shift register that sequentially turns off a series of exclusive OR circuits (in integrated circuits U 5  and U 6 ), each of which (in the example shown in FIG. 1) controls three vertical line segments of the liquid crystal display. An additional integrated circuit package U 3  is used as a gate package to feed back the gated most significant bit to shut the timer off when it reaches its full count. When the lid switch S 1  is opened and closed, (that is, the lid is removed and replaced) it resets the circuit and restarts the counting cycle. 
     Set forth below is a table of values for the capacitors C 1  and C 2 , depending on the prescribed time interval: 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 TABLE OF VALUES FOR C1 &amp; C2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 TIME 
                 CLOCK 
                 TEST 
                 C1 
                 C2 
               
               
                 (HR) 
                 (HZ) 
                 (HZ) 
                 (PF) 
                 (PF) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 18641 
                 291.3 
                 220 
                 NONE 
               
               
                 3 
                 12428 
                 194.2 
                 330 
                 NONE 
               
               
                 4 
                 9321 
                 145.6 
                 470 
                 NONE 
               
               
                 6 
                 6214 
                 97.1 
                 680 
                 NONE 
               
               
                 8 
                 4660 
                 72.8 
                 820 
                 100 
               
               
                 12 
                 3107 
                 48.5 
                 1000 
                 390 
               
               
                 24 
                 1553 
                 24.3 
                 2700 
                 NONE 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The circuit of FIG. 2 is of course merely illustrative; numerous other configurations well known to those skilled in the art can be implemented. In particular, it is apparent that twenty four separate drivers could be provided for deactivating each vertical line segment separately in FIG. 1, and that the number of vertical line segments can be varied at will. 
     The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.