Patent Publication Number: US-11649234-B2

Title: Nonmuscle myosin II inhibitors for substance use relapse

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a U.S. national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. § 371 from International Application No. PCT/US2019/036897, filed on Jun. 13, 2019, and published as WO 2019/241469 on Dec. 19, 2019, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/685,158, filed Jun. 14, 2018, the benefit of priority of each of which is claimed herein, and which applications and publication are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT 
     This invention was made with government support under grant number NS096833 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Substance abuse disorder is a chronic, relapsing disorder with no relapse preventing pharmacotherapies available for any drug of abuse. This is a major treatment challenge, as deeply engrained drug seeking behaviors persist long after the cessation of drug use. Numerous associations form between the drug&#39;s central and peripheral effects and components of the environment present at the time of drug use, which can range from the obvious (e.g. drug paraphernalia) to the more abstract (e.g. music, snow, gum) 1 . The associations become highly motivating on their own, serving as rapid triggers to seek out the drug. Perhaps most troubling, drug-associated stimuli retain their ability to motivate drug seeking behavior after successful rehabilitation and prolonged drug-free periods, because of the persistence of associative memories. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention is directed, in various embodiments, to compounds and methods useful for inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II, which can be selective inhibition of the nonmuscle myosin II with respect to cardiac myosin II. The compounds are analogs of (S)-blebbistatin (“Blebb”). 
     In various embodiments, the invention can provide a compound of formula (I) 
                         
wherein
 
     the ring bearing R 1  is a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered aryl or heteroaryl ring system comprising 0, 1, or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, and NR 1 ; wherein the ring can be fused with an aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl ring; wherein R 1  can be disposed on any one or more rings of a multiring system; 
     R 1  is independently at each occurrence (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxyl; (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, or halo; n1=0, 1, 2, or 3; 
     Ar is a monocyclic or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring system, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl thereof can be substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 R 2 ; 
     R 2  is independently at each occurrence (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxyl), (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, hydroxymethyl, R 2 NCH 2  wherein R is H or alkyl, cyano, nitro, or halo; 
     R 3  is independently at each occurrence (C1-C4)alkyl, halo, or (C1-C4)haloalkyl; n3=0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; 
     provided that the compound is not blebbistatin or a compound of any of formulas 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     For example, the ring bearing R 1  can be phenyl, pyridyl, or thienyl. 
     More specifically, the compound of formula (I) can be a compound of formula (IIa) or (IIb) 
                         
wherein
 
X is S, or X is a group of formula
 
                         
wherein wavy lines indicate points of bonding;
 
     R 1  is independently at each occurrence H, (C1-C4)alkyl, CF 3 , or halo; provided that when X is a group of formula 
                         
and Ar is unsubstituted phenyl, at least one R 1  group is other than H or (C1-C4)alkyl;
 
     Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl thereof can be substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 R 2 ; 
     R 2  is independently at each occurrence halo, cyano, nitro, CF 3 , (C1-C4)alkyl, or (C1-C4)alkoxyl); 
     R 3  is independently at each occurrence H or CH 3 ; 
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     For example, for the compound of formula (II), X can be S. 
     In other embodiments, for the compound of formula (II), X can be a group of formula 
                         
wherein wavy lines indicate points of bonding. In these embodiments, at least one R 1  group of formula (I) can be methyl, halo or CF 3 .
 
     In other embodiments of formula (I), Ar can be a group of formula 
                         
wherein a wavy line indicates a point of bonding.
 
     In other embodiments, Ar can be a pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, isoxazolyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, thieopyridinyl, dihydrobenzoxazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, dihydropyridoxazinyl, tetrahydrobenzoxazepinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, dihydrobenzothiazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or chromanyl, ring system, any of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R 2 . 
     In various specific embodiments of a compound of formula (I) of the invention, the compound can be any one of the compounds depicted in Table 3, with the exception of blebbistatin itself and the three compounds excluded by proviso as described above. 
     In various embodiments, the invention can provide a method of inhibiting nonmuscle myosin II, comprising contact the nonmuscle myosin II with an effective amount or concentration of a compound of formula (I) 
                         
wherein
 
     the ring bearing R 1  is a 5-membered, 6-membered, or 7-membered aryl or heteroaryl ring system comprising 0, 1, or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of S, O, N, and NR 1 ; wherein the ring can be fused with an aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl ring; wherein R 1  can be disposed on any one or more rings of a multiring system; 
     R 1  is independently at each occurrence (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxyl; (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, or halo; n1=0, 1, 2, or 3; 
     Ar is a monocyclic or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring system, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl thereof can be substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 R 2 ; 
     R 2  is independently at each occurrence (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxyl), (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, hydroxymethyl, dialkylaminomethyl, cyano, nitro, or halo; 
     R 3  is independently at each occurrence (C1-C4)alkyl, halo, or (C1-C4)haloalkyl; n3=0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; 
     provided that the compound is not blebbistatin; 
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     Compounds BPN-0025915, BPN-0025001, and BPN-0026555 (see Table 3) are included in the set of compounds useful for practice of an embodiment of the methods of the invention. 
     In other embodiments, the invention can provide a method of treatment of substance use relapse in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an effective dose of a compound of formula (I). 
     In various embodiments, a compound useful for practice of a method of the invention can include: 
     a compound of formula (I) wherein the ring bearing R 1  is phenyl, pyridyl, or thienyl; 
     a compound of formula (I) being of formula (IIa) or (IIb) 
                         
wherein
 
     X is S, or X is a group of formula 
                         
wherein wavy lines indicate points of bonding;
 
     R 1  is independently at each occurrence H, (C1-C4)alkyl, CF 3 , or halo; provided that when X is a group of formula 
                         
and Ar is unsubstituted phenyl, at least one R 1  group is other than H or (C1-C4)alkyl;
 
     Ar is aryl or heteroaryl, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl thereof can be substituted with 0, 1, 2 or 3 R 2 ; 
     R 2  is independently at each occurrence halo, cyano, nitro, CF 3 , (C1-C4)alkyl, or (C1-C4)alkoxyl); 
     R 3  is independently at each occurrence H or CH 3 ; 
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     In various embodiments of a compound of formula (II) for practice of a method of the invention, X can be S; or X can be a group of formula 
                         
wherein wavy lines indicate points of bonding. In these embodiments, at least one R 1  group of formula (I) can be methyl, halo or CF 3 .
 
     In other embodiments of a compound of formula (I) useful for practice of a method of the invention, Ar can be a group of formula 
                         
wherein a wavy line indicates a point of bonding.
 
     In other embodiments, Ar can be a pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, isoxazolyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, thieopyridinyl, dihydrobenzoxazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, dihydropyridoxazinyl, tetrahydrobenzoxazepinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, dihydrobenzothiazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or chromanyl, ring system, any of which can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R 2 . 
     For practice of a method of the invention, in various embodiments a specific example of a compound of formula (I) can be any of the compounds shown in Table 3 other than blebbistatin itself. 
     In various embodiments, the compound can be more effective, on a molar basis, in inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II relative to myosin II derived from cardiac muscle. 
     In another aspect, described herein provides a method of treating a disease, disorder, or medical condition in a patient, comprising modulating myosin II ATPase, wherein the modulating of myosin II ATPase comprises administering to the patient at least one compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a dose, at a frequency, and for a duration to provide a beneficial effect to the patient. In various embodiments, the disease, disorder, or medical condition is selected from the group consisting of renal disease 2 , cancer and metastasis, including hepatocarcinoma 3 , pancreatic adenocarcinoma 4 , breast cancer 5-6 , lung carcinoma 7 , glioblastoma 8-11 , benign prostate hyperplasia 12 , hemostasis or thrombosis 13-15 , nerve injury 16  including retinal damage 17 , lung fibrosis 18 , liver fibrosis 19 , arthrofibrosis 20 , wound healing 21-23 , spinal cord injury 24 , periodontitis 25 , glaucoma 26-27  and immune-related diseases including multiple sclerosis 28 . In certain embodiments, the disease, disorder, or medical condition is selected from the group consisting of viral infection including herpes virus 29-33 , high blood pressure 34 , pulmonary hypertension 35 , chronic respiratory diseases 36 , cardiovascular disease 37 , erectile disfunctions 38 , thrombotic disorders 13 , overactive bladder 39 , cardiomyopathies 40 , spasms 41-46 , skeletal myopathies 47 , and psychiatric disorders, including substance use 48 , anxiety disorders (e.g. phobias) 49  and stress disorders (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder) 50 . Addiction can include abuse of or addiction to anything classified as a Substance-Related or Addictive Disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), such as, but not limited to, cocaine, opioids, amphetamines 51-52 , ethanol, cannabis/marijuana, nicotine, and activities (e.g. gambling) 53 . 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG.  1   (A,B,C): Long-lasting disruption of METH (methamphetamine)-associated memory by intra-amygdala administration of (S)-blebbistatin (“Blebb”) (90 ng/ul). 
         FIGS.  2 A,  2 B,  2 C,  2 D : Post-consolidation loss of NMIIB (A-B) produces a lasting disruption of METH-associated memory (C-D). *P&lt;0.05. 
         FIG.  3   (A,B,C,D): Systemic NMII inhibition selectively targets the storage of (A) a METH-associated memory, (B) having no effect on an auditory fear memory. Similarly, spine density associated with a METH-associated memory (C), but not a fear memory (D), is reduced. 
         FIG.  4   : Brain and plasma distribution of blebbistatin after IP dosing at 10 mg/kg in mice. 
         FIG.  5   : Structure of (S)-blebbistatin, and compound numbering scheme. 
         FIG.  6   (A,B,C,D,E): Nonmuscle myosin II inhibition disrupts polydrug-associated memories when the drugs are administered on alternating days (A) Schematic of the experimental design. (B) Vehicle-treated mice demonstrated a significant METH/NIC CPP during Test 1, but not during Test 2. (C) Blebb-treated mice did not demonstrate a significant METH/NIC CPP during either test. (D) Veh-treated mice demonstrated a significant METH/MOR CPP during Test 1 and 2. (E) Blebb-treated mice did not demonstrate a significant METH/MOR CPP during either test. METH/NIC: Veh n=10; METH/NIC: Blebb n=10; METH/MOR: Veh n=19; METH/MOR: Blebb n=19; * p&lt;0.05, ** p&lt;0.01, *** p&lt;0.001. Error bars represent ±s.e.m. 
         FIG.  7   : Cardiac safety Characterization for Selected Blebbistatin Analogs: Echocardiography assessment in vivo with IV drug infusion 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The physical storage site of memory is dendritic spines 54 . Spines are the small, highly dynamic postsynaptic structures found at the majority of forebrain excitatory synapses. At the time of learning, spines undergo structural and functional changes critical to the formation of lasting memories 55-56 . The workhorse of this spine plasticity is actin polymerization, the process of linking actin monomers into complex, branched filaments (F-actin) 57-58 . Disrupting F-actin dynamics at the time of learning prevents the formation of long-term memories 59-63 . However, actin rapidly stabilizes after synaptic stimulation, such that the cytoskeleton and associated memory become impervious to disruption by actin depolymerizing agents, such as Latrunculin A (LatA), within minutes of stimulation 59, 62-64 . In stark contrast to this, we discovered that the F-actin supporting METH-associated memories in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLC), a subregion of the amygdala (AMY) and the brain&#39;s emotional memory center and a hub for drug-associated memories, remains dynamic long after learning. This revealed an unexpected weakness of pathogenic drug associations, providing a mechanism to selectively target the storage of METH-associated memories 65 . 
     Importantly, other types of memories are not disrupted by LatA and a single home cage treatment is sufficient to produce an immediate and long-lasting disruption of memory-induced drug seeking. Thus, it is possible to selectively manipulate drug-associated memories without retrieval 65 . 
     Given these results, actin depolymerization would seem to be a promising therapeutic target. However, (3-actin, the isoform implicated in neuronal plasticity 66-69 , is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body and critical for a multitude of processes, such as cell division and cardiac function. Therefore, we turned our focus to nonmuscle myosin II (NMII), a direct regulator of the synaptic actin cytoskeleton. NMII is a molecular motor we have shown to be a critical, temporally restricted player in synaptic actin polymerization and fear memory 59, 63 . (S)-Blebbistatin, the active enantiomer of blebbistatin, is the first and, until recently, the only inhibitor known to have activity against nonmuscle myosin IIs 70-73 . 
     The terms blebblistatin and Blebb as used throughout refer to (S)-blebbistatin. The blebbistatin analogs of the present invention are all likewise (S)-enantiomers. Blebbistatin is commercially available (e.g. Tocris, Sigma) at &gt;98% purity. Using blebbistatin, we have recapitulated all of the LatA findings including a single treatment being sufficient to prevent drug seeking for at least one month in an animal relapse model 52, 74 . 
     Justification for the proposed discovery and development work is based on several key discoveries made over the past few years with regards to NMII as a target for drug seeking induced by METH-associated memories 65, 74 . 
     In 2013, we published the finding that depolymerization of actin in the AMY disrupts the storage of METH-associated memories in a selective, retrieval-independent manner 65 . Because of the limited clinical potential of actin depolymerizing agents, we turned to NMII, a molecular motor we previously found to be a key regulator of memory, synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation [LTP]) and actin polymerization in dendritic spines 59, 63 . Through a series of experiments in a recently published studies, we detailed NMII&#39;s potential as a therapeutic target for SUD relapse 52, 74-76 . For instance, through a single intra-BLC or IP administration of blebbistatin, we have found that METH-associated memory (conditioned place preference [CPP] assay) is disrupted in adult and adolescent male and female mice and rats (inactive enantiomer used as control with intra-BLC drug delivery or racemic blebbistatin used with systemic drug delivery due to solubility limitations) 52, 65 . 
     Further, blebbistatin prevents context-induced reinstatement of METH seeking ( FIG.  1 A ; P&lt;0.05-0.005), a gold standard animal model of relapse 52, 74    FIG.  1 B  shows lever pressing for METH during the self-administration training period in Context A, and subsequent extinction of lever pressing in Context B, when METH is removed.  FIG.  1 C  shows lever pressing during the METH-free reinstatement sessions on Days 1, 2 and 30, when animals are returned to the METH-paired environment (Context A). Reinstatement testing on Day 1 was performed 30 minutes after a single intra-BLC administration of blebbistatin or the inactive enantiomer. No blebbistatin was given prior to Reinstatement sessions on Days 2 or 30, indicating the long-lasting memory disruption produced by a single administration of blebbistatin (at least one month), with no spontaneous renewal of the memory. 
     Blebbistatin has been shown to inhibit all classes of myosin IIs 77-79 . Myosin Ms are made of light chains, which are interchangeable across classes, and heavy chains, which are unique to each myosin II isoform. The heavy chain contains actin and ATP binding sites, as well as the force generating motor head that moves actin. According to RNA-Seq data from the Miller lab, none of the skeletal muscle heavy chain isoforms are expressed in the BLC of adult mice. However, two of the cardiac muscle myosin II&#39;s, Myh7 and Myh7b, the smooth muscle myosin II (Myh11) and all three nonmuscle myosin heavy chain isoforms (Myh14, Myh10, Myh9) are, with Myh10 expression being the highest by several fold. All six myosin Ns are found at the synapse. Therefore, we employed a genetic method of acute, focal knockdown of MYH10 in the BLC and found its post-training loss ( FIG.  2 A ) to be sufficient to disrupt an established METH-associated memory ( FIG.  2 B-C ) 74 . Interestingly, while protein expression data is not available, myosin II transcript levels in the human AMY (Allen Brain Atlas) suggests that a focus on the NMII class as a whole, as opposed to solely NMIIB, may be wise from a drug development perspective, as mRNA for NMIIA, B and C are expressed at equal levels. It is important to note that the NMIIs are a highly conserved class of actin-based molecular motors. For instance,  M. musculus  Myh10 has 99.1% sequence homology to  H. sapiens.    
     The potential for systemic NMII inhibition to selectively target METH-associated memories in the way that intra-AMY administration does was also investigated. Results with IP administered Blebb indicate that it crosses the blood brain barrier at a high enough concentration to disrupt a METH-associated memory (IP, 10 mg/kg [brain levels=90 μM];  FIG.  3 A ). Yet, the effect remains selective, having no similarly immediate effect on a fear memory ( FIG.  3 B ), or memories associated with food reward 75 . IP administered Blebbistatin also disrupts reconsolidation of memories for cocaine, nicotine and mephedrone, a result with additional potential therapeutic relevance in treating relapse 75-76 . In addition, the BLC spine density increase that accompanies a METH-associated memory is reversed by Blebbistatin ( FIG.  3 C ), without altering the spine density increase associated with a fear memory ( FIG.  3 D ) 65, 74 . 
     The vast majority of individuals with substance use disorder are polydrug users. For example, most METH users also smoke. We recently made an unexpected discovery with direct relevance to polydrug use 76 . When animals are treated with both METH and a drug that is impervious to Blebb on its own (nicotine or morphine), either concurrently or on alternating days, the nicotine and morphine memories become susceptible to immediate disruption by Blebb, akin to the effect on METH alone memories ( FIG.  6   ). Thus, memories for previously impervious drugs of abuse become susceptible to NMII inhibition when METH associations are also formed. Importantly, this occurs when associative training is performed with METH and the other drug of abuse being administered simultaneously or separately, on different days. We are currently expanding our analysis to other commonly abused drugs, including other opioids, such as heroin, alcohol, cocaine and synthetic cathinones. 
     In addition to its efficacy in animal relapse models, several properties make Blebb an excellent scaffold for medicinal chemistry. Paramount among these are the molecule&#39;s small size, high brain penetration, rapid clearance from plasma and brain (short-acting is sufficient and reduces unwanted peripheral and central effects;  FIG.  4   ). In addition, we have observed no effect of systemically administered racemic Blebb in a broad panel of rodent behaviors 74 . 
     Blebb, identified in an HTS campaign in the early 2000s via an ATPase assay 70 , and its few derivatives ( FIG.  5   ) were until very recently, the only small molecules reported to have inhibitory activity toward NMII. BDM (2,3-butanedione monoxime) 80  some N-benzylsulphonamides and hydroxycoumarines 81  inhibit some myosin IIs, but they are either not active against NMII and/or lack selectivity and thus, cannot be used as viable probes, even for in vitro studies. Blebb has been widely used as an in vitro probe since its discovery. Due to photoinactivation upon exposure to blue light 73 , analogs made through simple modifications, including a nitro-derivative, have been developed to establish the photostability. 82-84  More discussion of these compounds can be found in the next section. 
     Blebb is the (s)-configuration of Blebbistatin ( FIG.  5   ). Since its discovery, its biochemical and cell potency have been assayed against many myosin ATPases 70, 73, 77, 85-88  and in a number of cells/tissues. 77, 86-92  The biochemical IC 50  values reported for Blebb in various myosin IIs are 1.8-9 μM 77 . Specific IC 50  values in cell-based assays have not been reported, but Blebb has been shown to be effective across a wide concentration range from ˜900 nM to 90 μM, 79, 86-87, 93-94 , indicating that Blebb is cell penetrant, consistent with our own data. Limited SAR has been performed around Blebb&#39;s core structure 70 , likely due to the therapeutic potentials of NMII inhibitors having only been realized in the past few years. Modifications and optimization to Blebb are needed in order to obtain more selective NMII inhibitors to serve as viable drug candidates. 
     The current class of blebbistatin analogs have been synthesized as generally described in Synthetic Schemes 1-7 (below) and are characterized in vitro in Table 1. Chemical structures of compounds of the invention listed in Table 1 are shown in Table 3, below. Synthetic Scheme 1 is an overview of a synthetic method that can be used in preparation of the specific examples and the structures read upon by the generic structural claim, and Synthetic Schemes 2-7 are examples of different embodiments of synthetic methods for certain of the specific examples and the structures read upon by the generic structural claim. 
     Table 1 lists properties of compounds of the invention, analogs of blebbistatin having an inhibitory selectivity for nonmuscle myosin II relative to cardiac myosin II of greater than 3.0. Compounds having significantly less inhibitory activity (higher Ki) for cardiac myosin II can exhibit lower cardiac toxicity of the compound relative to blebbistatin, as discussed below. 
     Table 1 lists the selective inhibitory compounds, defined by this ratio of Ki/EC50, the structures of which are shown in Table 3, according to a unique compound identifier also shown with the corresponding chemical structure in the Figures. All compounds of the invention are of the same absolute configuration as (S)-blebbistatin, and are based on the parent ring structure 
                         
(S)-3a-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one. The phenyl rings in (S)-blebbistatin can be substituted, and can be replaced by various heteroaryl rings, unsubstituted or substituted, in certain of the analogs, compounds of the invention.
 
     The top row of data are provided for blebbistatin itself for purposes of comparison. Blebbistatin has a ratio (CMMII/NMII) of 0.789, showing that the Ki value of the parent compound with respect to inhibition of cardiac myosin II is lower than is the EC50 value of nonmuscle myosin II, i.e., the compound has more potent inhibitory activity of the cardiac form of myosin II than it does towards the nonmuscle form of myosin II. All the compounds of the invention or compounds for practice of methods of the invention, indicated in Table 1, have at least a three-fold higher Ki value for inhibition of cardiac myosin II relative to the EC50 value of the compound for inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II. 
     The first column of Table 1 provides a unique numerical identifier of the compound, the structure of each of which is indicated in Table 3. The second, third, and fourth columns of Table 1 provide data concerning the photostability of the indicated compound. In comparison with blebbistatin, many compounds used for practice of methods of the invention exhibit a significantly higher photostability than does blebbistatin. These columns (Photostability), provide values for the percentage remaining undegraded of the compound under conditions after 4 and 24 hours illumination, compared to percentage remaining undegraded in the dark under comparable conditions. Blebbistatin is known to be somewhat photo-unstable, and improvement of photostability is a benefit in formulation of pharmaceutical compositions for administration to patients undergoing treatment. 
     The fifth column of Table 1 provides EC50 values (μM) determined for inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II by the indicated compound. These figures were obtained as described in the bioassays section. The sixth and seventh columns give the Ki values (μM) of inhibition of cardiac myosin II and the ratio of cardiac muscle myosin inhibition relative to non-muscle myosin II. The eighth column gives skeletal myosin II inhibition. For compounds marked as NMII selective (“NMII-sel”), no Ki value for cardiac myosin II could be determined; the compounds had no detectable inhibitory properties versus the cardiac myosin II. The ninth column shows the chiral purity of the sample tested. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 In vitro characterization data for selected blebbistatin analogs 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Ratio 
                   
                 Chiral 
               
               
                   
                 Photostability 
                 NMII 
                   
                 CMMII:N 
                   
                 HPLC 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 4 
                 24 
                 Dark 
                 EC50 
                 CMMII 
                 MII 
                 SKMMII 
                 Purity 
               
               
                 ldentifier 
                 hours 
                 hours 
                 (24 h) 
                 (μM) 
                 K l  (μM) 
                 Ki/EC50 
                 K l  (μM) 
                 % 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Blebbi-statin 
                 82.9 
                 9.3 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.9 
                 1.5 
                 0.8 
                 0.36 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.3 
                 12.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.2 
                 28.0 
                 5.4 
                 7.00 
                 97.0 
               
               
                 0025044 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 96.1 
                 48.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.1 
                 120.0 
                 23.5 
                 22.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0025059 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.8 
                 4.7 
                 99.0 
                 7.5 
                 48.0 
                 6.4 
                 9.70 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0025100 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 6.6 
                 2.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.2 
                 22.0 
                 6.9 
                 8.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0025110 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 93.0 
                 28.6 
                 94.7 
                 10.2 
                 400.0 
                 39.2 
                 35.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0025240 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.5 
                 39.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 4.6 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 7.70 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0025254 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 39.8 
                 7.5 
                 98.3 
                 6.4 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 11.00 
                 95.4 
               
               
                 0025903 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 ND 
                 ND 
                 ND 
                 3.9 
                 18.0 
                 4.6 
                 1.80 
                 91.7 
               
               
                 0025919 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 64.0 
                 7.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 48.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 87.5 
               
               
                 0026282 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 39.4 
                 10.8 
                 92.0 
                 3.5 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 5.00 
                 96.7 
               
               
                 0026283 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 51.9 
                 8.2 
                 94.7 
                 1.6 
                 9.1 
                 5.7 
                 0.90 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026285 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.5 
                 90.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.2 
                 30.0 
                 13.6 
                 3.50 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026324 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.0 
                 14.0 
                 97.8 
                 5.3 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 13.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026325 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 85.2 
                 18.0 
                 93.5 
                 2.5 
                 13.0 
                 5.2 
                 1.20 
                 98.2 
               
               
                 0026387 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.9 
                 75.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.4 
                 11.0 
                 3.2 
                 1.70 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026393 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 98.7 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.8 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 4.80 
                 98.25 
               
               
                 0026394 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 81.2 
                 9.6 
                 97.7 
                 3.0 
                 50.0 
                 16.7 
                 3.30 
                 99.0 
               
               
                 0026401 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 ND 
                 ND 
                 ND 
                 3.3 
                 23.0 
                 7.0 
                 3.60 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026404 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 94.3 
                 82.2 
                 97.3 
                 36.0 
                 110.0 
                 3.1 
                 33.00 
                 49.5 
               
               
                 0026413 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.6 
                 77.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.3 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 15.00 
                 96.5 
               
               
                 0026457 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 80.9 
                 15.9 
                 93.4 
                 6.6 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 20.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026495 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 41.7 
                 3.5 
                 97.9 
                 2.6 
                 83.0 
                 31.9 
                 15.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026496 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.7 
                 6.1 
                 97.5 
                 2.1 
                 33.0 
                 15.7 
                 9.80 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026497 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.7 
                 84.9 
                 &gt;99 
                 0.5 
                 5.7 
                 12.4 
                 0.18 
                 92.7 
               
               
                 0026499 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.2 
                 22.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.4 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 23.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026500 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.7 
                 6.4 
                 91.7 
                 33.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 60.00 
                 47.7 
               
               
                 0026533 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 51.1 
                 10.8 
                 93.7 
                 5.3 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 4.80 
                 93.0 
               
               
                 0026544 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.4 
                 5.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 7.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 12.00 
                 92.1 
               
               
                 0026545 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 81.2 
                 12.5 
                 93.5 
                 8.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 22.00 
                 85.1 
               
               
                 0026546 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.5 
                 18.0 
                 3.3 
                 4.60 
                 98.9 
               
               
                 0026576 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 77.3 
                 8.5 
                 93.7 
                 1.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 0.37 
                 98.5 
               
               
                 0026579 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 69.6 
                 2.3 
                 94.2 
                 1.0 
                 15.0 
                 15.0 
                 0.29 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026605 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 85.9 
                 4.1 
                 95.5 
                 5.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 98.6 
               
               
                 0026606 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.5 
                 84.7 
                 98.1 
                 6.1 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 5.80 
                 96.1 
               
               
                 0026607 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 86.7 
                 &lt;1 
                 97.5 
                 4.3 
                 50.0 
                 11.6 
                 1.70 
                 95.3 
               
               
                 0026608 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 ND 
                 ND 
                 ND 
                 1.5 
                 5.5 
                 3.7 
                 0.43 
                 98.5 
               
               
                 0026609 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.3 
                 17.2 
                 96.6 
                 4.8 
                 18.0 
                 3.8 
                 5.90 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026618 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 77.4 
                 &lt;1 
                 91.0 
                 1.6 
                 36.0 
                 22.5 
                 2.50 
                 99.0 
               
               
                 0026619 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 94.1 
                 27.8 
                 92.8 
                 6.4 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 16.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026620 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 93.3 
                 61.4 
                 93.5 
                 5.7 
                 40.0 
                 7.0 
                 3.40 
                 83.0 
               
               
                 0026621 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.5 
                 88.2 
                 92.2 
                 15.0 
                 210.0 
                 14.0 
                 24.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026624 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.9 
                 71.9 
                 91.6 
                 1.7 
                 12.0 
                 7.1 
                 0.37 
                 94.3 
               
               
                 0026638 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.8 
                 49.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.3 
                 14.0 
                 4.2 
                 1.10 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026639 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 71.1 
                 17.8 
                 96.8 
                 2.0 
                 8.0 
                 4.0 
                 0.53 
                 89.6 
               
               
                 0026640 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 64.0 
                 &lt;1 
                 85.1 
                 4.8 
                 17.0 
                 3.5 
                 1.90 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026643 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 94.3 
                 84.3 
                 97.7 
                 4.7 
                 56.0 
                 11.9 
                 4.50 
                 91.3 
               
               
                 0026648 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 80.5 
                 5.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 4.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 4.30 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026650 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 73.0 
                 5.8 
                 97.5 
                 3.3 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 3.90 
                 96.3 
               
               
                 0026651 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 72.1 
                 17.9 
                 91.1 
                 2.6 
                 9.0 
                 3.5 
                 0.93 
                 93.2 
               
               
                 0026659 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.4 
                 7.6 
                 93.8 
                 8.2 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 33.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026660 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.5 
                 65.4 
                 98.2 
                 2.4 
                 53.0 
                 22.1 
                 2.20 
                 89.4 
               
               
                 0026661 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 85.4 
                 7.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.1 
                 6.0 
                 5.5 
                 0.19 
                 97.6 
               
               
                 0026662 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 40.7 
                 2.0 
                 97.3 
                 0.8 
                 2.8 
                 3.5 
                 0.12 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026663 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 30.3 
                 &lt;1 
                 97.7 
                 0.9 
                 29.0 
                 33.3 
                 1.50 
                 95.8 
               
               
                 0026664 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 2.7 
                 &lt;1 
                 97.4 
                 0.6 
                 4.2 
                 6.7 
                 0.14 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026665 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 85.7 
                 2.9 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.2 
                 6.2 
                 5.2 
                 0.33 
                 98.6 
               
               
                 0026667 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.8 
                 11.2 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.3 
                 25.0 
                 4.7 
                 1.20 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026669 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 34.1 
                 1.7 
                 &gt;99 
                 0.6 
                 3.5 
                 6.0 
                 0.27 
                 53.0 
               
               
                 0026693 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 40.7 
                 &lt;1 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.7 
                 5.3 
                 3.1 
                 1.40 
                 83.5 
               
               
                 0026708 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.7 
                 93.0 
                 98.2 
                 1.2 
                 30.6 
                 25.5 
                 1.30 
                 95.7 
               
               
                 0026709 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 6.6 
                 &lt;1 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.7 
                 5.2 
                 3.1 
                 0.95 
                 92.2 
               
               
                 0026710 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 76.3 
                 24.1 
                 95.4 
                 6.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 4.40 
                 95.8 
               
               
                 0026726 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 94.2 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.9 
                 73.0 
                 25.2 
                 2.60 
                 97.7 
               
               
                 0026745 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 58.8 
                 10.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 4.5 
                 17.0 
                 3.8 
                 3.60 
                 98.3 
               
               
                 0026746 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 88.2 
                 22.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.0 
                 14.0 
                 4.7 
                 2.60 
                 96.7 
               
               
                 0026748 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.8 
                 &lt;5 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.2 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 23.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026749 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 92.9 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.8 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.50 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026770 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 86.7 
                 18.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.6 
                 8.9 
                 3.4 
                 1.10 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026774 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.8 
                 59.3 
                 91.6 
                 7.4 
                 23.0 
                 3.1 
                 5.90 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026785 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.8 
                 66.6 
                 96.0 
                 11.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026786 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.0 
                 &lt;1 
                 &gt;99 
                 0.5 
                 1.6 
                 3.1 
                 0.11 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026813 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 91.2 
                 88.2 
                 90.2 
                 0.8 
                 2.8 
                 3.6 
                 0.27 
                 91.2 
               
               
                 0026815 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 96.6 
                 84.8 
                 97.3 
                 1.8 
                 50.0 
                 27.8 
                 1.70 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026819 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 99.0 
                 91.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 13.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026847 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 98.7 
                 &gt;99 
                 26.0 
                 320.0 
                 12.3 
                 61.00 
                 66.7 
               
               
                 0026848 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.5 
                 91.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.0 
                 16.0 
                 16.0 
                 0.77 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026849 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 62.4 
                 3.8 
                 85.1 
                 2.6 
                 25.0 
                 9.6 
                 5.60 
                 81.8 
               
               
                 0026852 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 91.2 
                 88.2 
                 90.2 
                 12.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 98.9 
               
               
                 0026853 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 70.9 
                 1.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.8 
                 11.0 
                 6.1 
                 0.80 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026881 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.8 
                 96.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.8 
                 21.0 
                 3.6 
                 4.50 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0026882 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 98.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.7 
                 19.0 
                 7.0 
                 4.20 
                 87.8 
               
               
                 0026886 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.2 
                 24.7 
                 97.4 
                 3.0 
                 22.0 
                 7.3 
                 4.90 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027036 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 24.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 18.00 
                 69.1 
               
               
                 0027037 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 98.7 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.7 
                 17.0 
                 6.3 
                 0.61 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027038 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.8 
                 31.3 
                 95.9 
                 22.0 
                 68.0 
                 3.1 
                 4.60 
                 49.3 
               
               
                 0027039 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 94.8 
                 21.4 
                 95.7 
                 1.2 
                 37.0 
                 30.8 
                 2.60 
                 94.1 
               
               
                 0027040 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.7 
                 13.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 6.7 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 10.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027042 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.7 
                 72.3 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 15.00 
                 89.1 
               
               
                 0027043 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 95.3 
                 &gt;99 
                 10.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 20.00 
                 45.6 
               
               
                 0027071 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 10.0 
                 31.0 
                 3.1 
                 5.00 
                 96.3 
               
               
                 0027072 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.8 
                 93.4 
                 94.5 
                 21.0 
                 77.0 
                 3.7 
                 16.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027074 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.1 
                 88.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 4.80 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027080 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.0 
                 46.3 
                 96.9 
                 1.1 
                 9.0 
                 8.2 
                 0.29 
                 89.8 
               
               
                 0027081 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 97.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.8 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 10.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027108 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.5 
                 29.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 0.5 
                 11.0 
                 21.2 
                 0.27 
                 91.4 
               
               
                 0027109 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 68.6 
                 9.2 
                 94.4 
                 1.2 
                 5.5 
                 4.6 
                 0.68 
                 84.2 
               
               
                 0027118 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 75.6 
                 6.5 
                 98.6 
                 2.5 
                 19.0 
                 7.6 
                 2.70 
                 70.3 
               
               
                 0027121 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 69.5 
                 5.3 
                 97.1 
                 1.7 
                 45.0 
                 26.5 
                 5.90 
                 82.7 
               
               
                 0027122 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.9 
                 22.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 14.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 330.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027159 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.5 
                 73.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.9 
                 30.0 
                 10.3 
                 0.20 
                 81.9 
               
               
                 0027160 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 78.6 
                 60.2 
                 98.3 
                 1.1 
                 24.0 
                 21.8 
                 0.24 
                 73.7 
               
               
                 0027161 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.5 
                 95.9 
                 &gt;99 
                 7.9 
                 52.0 
                 6.6 
                 4.50 
                 77.2 
               
               
                 0027162 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.0 
                 44.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 4.2 
                 21.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.90 
                 92.4 
               
               
                 0027163 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 99.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.7 
                 91.0 
                 33.7 
                 3.10 
                 97.5 
               
               
                 0027181 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 94.9 
                 7.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 7.5 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 12.00 
                 75.2 
               
               
                 0027196 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 36.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.5 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 2.40 
                 58.8 
               
               
                 0027197 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.9 
                 21.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.9 
                 10.5 
                 3.6 
                 0.88 
                 72.8 
               
               
                 0027198 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 46.3 
                 1.0 
                 85.0 
                 2.9 
                 33.0 
                 11.4 
                 0.45 
                 79.2 
               
               
                 0027213 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 73.2 
                 9.2 
                 97.3 
                 0.4 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027215 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.2 
                 85.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.7 
                 31.0 
                 11.5 
                 4.60 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027216 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.9 
                 76.0 
                 &gt;99 
                 7.8 
                 160.0 
                 20.5 
                 21.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027217 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.0 
                 4.4 
                 95.5 
                 6.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 40.00 
                 49.1 
               
               
                 0027218 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 46.2 
                 3.8 
                 98.3 
                 39.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 50.0 
               
               
                 0027219 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 89.1 
                 &gt;99 
                 28.0 
                 300.0 
                 10.7 
                 4.60 
                 70.8 
               
               
                 0027228 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 84.9 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.9 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 5.00 
                 55.9 
               
               
                 0027236 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 79.8 
                 15.8 
                 82.7 
                 11.0 
                 50.0 
                 4.5 
                 6.70 
                 40.8 
               
               
                 0027237 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 &gt;99 
                 4.1 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 3.70 
                 90.8 
               
               
                 0027238 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 94.1 
                 74.6 
                 98.0 
                 3.8 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 n/a 
                 82.3 
               
               
                 0027240 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 91.6 
                 87.0 
                 97.4 
                 13.0 
                 100.0 
                 7.7 
                 7.20 
                 54.2 
               
               
                 0027241 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 45.8 
                 2.7 
                 70.1 
                 1.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.00 
                 78.1 
               
               
                 0027250 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.4 
                 42.2 
                 98.3 
                 1.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 0.80 
                 71.5 
               
               
                 0027255 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.0 
                 78.0 
                 97.4 
                 5.9 
                 40.0 
                 6.8 
                 4.20 
                 96.7 
               
               
                 0027257 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 91.9 
                 26.3 
                 97.0 
                 1.7 
                 50.0 
                 29.4 
                 1.00 
                 95.8 
               
               
                 0027289 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.7 
                 64.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 10.0 
                 80.0 
                 8.0 
                 4.20 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027330 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.7 
                 98.7 
                 98.1 
                 4.8 
                 33.0 
                 6.9 
                 2.00 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027346 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 96.9 
                 86.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 8.7 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 0.82 
                 68.8 
               
               
                 0027374 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.4 
                 2.8 
                 97.0 
                 5.9 
                 46.0 
                 7.8 
                 6.70 
                 89.5 
               
               
                 0027376 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.2 
                 83.9 
                 97.5 
                 5.2 
                 30.0 
                 5.8 
                 3.50 
                 96.3 
               
               
                 0027393 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.2 
                 57.2 
                 98.7 
                 4.1 
                 14.0 
                 3.4 
                 1.10 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027394 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 85.5 
                 23.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 1.8 
                 9.5 
                 5.3 
                 1.10 
                 74.1 
               
               
                 0027396 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 75.7 
                 1.6 
                 &gt;99 
                 53.0 
                 200.0 
                 3.8 
                 7.50 
                 84.0 
               
               
                 0027406 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 91.5 
                 41.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 3.4 
                 25.0 
                 7.4 
                 1.60 
                 96.8 
               
               
                 0027410 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 81.8 
                 6.4 
                 98.8 
                 6.3 
                 51.0 
                 8.1 
                 1.10 
                 74.7 
               
               
                 0027411 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.8 
                 67.7 
                 95.5 
                 5.8 
                 21.0 
                 3.6 
                 2.70 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027412 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.2 
                 71.4 
                 91.8 
                 50.0 
                 230.0 
                 4.6 
                 12.00 
                 64.4 
               
               
                 0027441 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 83.3 
                 77.5 
                 98.3 
                 4.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.20 
                 62.6 
               
               
                 0027468 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 58.8 
                 44.3 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.0 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 0.68 
                 90.6 
               
               
                 0027469 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 49.4 
                 20.0 
                 96.4 
                 0.8 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 0.90 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0027488 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 76.1 
                 8.5 
                 &gt;99 
                 0.8 
                 26.0 
                 33.3 
                 0.94 
                 85.0 
               
               
                 0027489 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 80.8 
                 6.8 
                 98.5 
                 0.7 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 0.41 
                 97.0 
               
               
                 0027490 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 54.0 
                 6.7 
                 97.1 
                 2.3 
                 24.0 
                 10.4 
                 0.68 
                 84.9 
               
               
                 0027491 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 95.1 
                 66.9 
                 &gt;99 
                 2.9 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 2.60 
                 89.5 
               
               
                 0027492 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 63.5 
                 &lt;1.0 
                 88.4 
                 4.2 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 4.70 
                 Incon- 
               
               
                 0027494 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 clusive 
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.7 
                 77.6 
                 89.4 
                 9.3 
                 70.0 
                 7.5 
                 9.40 
                 50.7 
               
               
                 0028550 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.7 
                 62.2 
                 91.8 
                 1.2 
                 26.0 
                 21.7 
                 2.50 
                 71.1 
               
               
                 0028552 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.6 
                 35.9 
                 97.6 
                 9.7 
                 120.0 
                 12.4 
                 9.00 
                 91.6 
               
               
                 0028554 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 4.7 
                 &lt;1 
                 93.6 
                 0.8 
                 4.6 
                 6.1 
                 1.50 
                 64.2 
               
               
                 0028555 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 93.2 
                 71.0 
                 89.4 
                 15.0 
                 200.0 
                 13.3 
                 11.00 
                 50.8 
               
               
                 0028616 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 84.4 
                 84.6 
                 81.8 
                 5.3 
                 300.0 
                 56.6 
                 8.90 
                 46.3 
               
               
                 0028625 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 &gt;99 
                 97.1 
                 98.2 
                 4.5 
                 n/a 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.30 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0028646 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 52.5 
                 &lt;1 
                 98.4 
                 1.3 
                 4.4 
                 3.4 
                 0.26 
                 82.7 
               
               
                 0028648 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 96.7 
                 73.1 
                 98.4 
                 4.2 
                 30.0 
                 7.1 
                 2.70 
                 62.9 
               
               
                 0028649 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 88.7 
                 62.6 
                 93.4 
                 9.1 
                 40.0 
                 4.4 
                 12.00 
                 70.0 
               
               
                 0028650 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 86.2 
                 22.8 
                 98.5 
                 8.3 
                 80.0 
                 9.6 
                 1.30 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0028652 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 55.3 
                 11.2 
                 98.0 
                 1.9 
                 16.0 
                 8.4 
                 1.70 
                 82.0 
               
               
                 0028694 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 88.4 
                 25.4 
                 97.3 
                 8.0 
                 60.0 
                 7.5 
                 1.90 
                 98.4 
               
               
                 0028697 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 37.6 
                 7.4 
                 &gt;99 
                 5.2 
                 40 
                 7.7 
                 2.2 
                 81.1 
               
               
                 0028731 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.1 
                 14.8 
                 96.6 
                 8.7 
                 27 
                 3.1 
                 6.8 
                 74.8 
               
               
                 0028733 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 76 
                 &lt;1 
                 96.3 
                 3 
                 15 
                 5.0 
                 2.9 
                 86.1 
               
               
                 0028734 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 64 
                 2 
                 95.3 
                 13 
                 90 
                 6.9 
                 1.5 
                 91.1 
               
               
                 0028736 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 90.9 
                 55.3 
                 93.3 
                 51 
                 210 
                 4.1 
                 40 
                 91 
               
               
                 0028758 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 87.9 
                 83 
                 87.6 
                 3.7 
                 16 
                 4.3 
                 0.94 
                 40.3 
               
               
                 0028760 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 92.7 
                 64 
                 95.3 
                 0.63 
                 2.4 
                 3.8 
                 1 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0028790 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 80.9 
                 62.7 
                 94.2 
                 7.2 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 3 
                 85.2 
               
               
                 0028820 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 89.8 
                 29.1 
                 98.5 
                 0.96 
                 12 
                 12.5 
                 0.77 
                 84.1 
               
               
                 0028821 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 98.8 
                 94.7 
                 99 
                 2.6 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 2.8 
                 91.2 
               
               
                 0028863 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 97.4 
                 88.4 
                 98.4 
                 7 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 12 
                 65.4 
               
               
                 0028864 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 77.8 
                 2.9 
                 97.8 
                 10 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 400 
                 82.8 
               
               
                 0028866 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 69.9 
                 1 
                 98.7 
                 2.8 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.3 
                 88.2 
               
               
                 0028867 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 46.7 
                 43.3 
                 98.9 
                 0.76 
                 24 
                 31.6 
                 0.23 
                 88.5 
               
               
                 0028868 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 82.8 
                 5.4 
                 98.4 
                 9 
                 300 
                 33.3 
                 110 
                 52.4 
               
               
                 0028897 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 93.4 
                 58.1 
                 96.4 
                 3 
                 95 
                 31.7 
                 1.9 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0028898 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 70.8 
                 29.7 
                 97.8 
                 1.5 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 3.8 
                 86.1 
               
               
                 0028899 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 54.2 
                 7.8 
                 &gt;99 
                 2 
                 11 
                 5.5 
                 0.64 
                 97.2 
               
               
                 0028918 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 48.4 
                 &lt;1 
                 98.5 
                 2.8 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 1.4 
                 95.4 
               
               
                 0028919 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 36.6 
                 2.5 
                 98.4 
                 3.2 
                 N/A 
                 NMII-sel 
                 3.9 
                 97.5 
               
               
                 0028920 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 2.8 
                 3.1 
                 97.2 
                 0.75 
                 8.4 
                 11.2 
                 1 
                 95.9 
               
               
                 0028921 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 86.1 
                 27.7 
                 94.8 
                 1.1 
                 9.7 
                 8.8 
                 0.77 
                 95.3 
               
               
                 0028922 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 77.5 
                 1 
                 98.1 
                 3.5 
                 30 
                 8.6 
                 6 
                 &gt;99 
               
               
                 0028923 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 44.7 
                 &lt;1 
                 97.7 
                 1.7 
                 20 
                 11.8 
                 2.6 
                 88 
               
               
                 0028924 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BPN- 
                 85.9 
                 24.7 
                 93.7 
                 0.8 
                 5.8 
                 7.3 
                 0.7 
                 99 
               
               
                 0028925 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 2 and  FIG.  7   , below, provide data summarizing two different cardiac safety assays. The first (results shown in Table 2) assesses the effects of our compounds on the contractility of cardiomyocytes. As the cardiac Ki increases, the contractility effects dramatically decrease. However, unlike in the adult heart, the hiPS cardiomyocytes used in this assay express NMII, which likely accounts for the residual contractility effects seen at the highest dose tested. For that reason, we moved to in vivo echocardiograms, which assess contractility in live animals (FIG.  7 ). Similar to our results with the cardiomyocytes, increasing the cardiac Ki protects against the substantial contractility effects observed with Blebbistatin, regardless of NMII potency. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention and compounds used for practice of methods of the invention can produce less cardiac toxicity than does blebbistatin. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cardiac safety Characterization for Selected Blebbistatin Analogs I: Assessment of beating  
               
               
                 parameters in hiPS-derived cardiomyocyte. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Qualitative impact on  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 contractility (e.g. Full =  
                 Change in 
               
               
                   
                 NMII 
                 CMMII 
                 CMMII/NMII 
                 Complete inhibition of  
                 amplitude at  
               
               
                 Compound 
                 EC50 
                 Ki 
                 Ratio 
                 contraction) 
                 1 uM @ 15 min 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Blebbistatin  
                 1.2 
                  0.67 
                 0.56 
                 NOTE: Baseline 
                 −57.9 ± 12.8% 
               
               
                   
                 uM 
                 uM 
                   
                 0.1 uM: No 0.3 uM: Partial 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1.0 uM: Full 3.0 uM: Full 
                   
               
               
                 BPN-0025059 
                 5.1 
                 47.2  
                 9.25 
                 NOTE: Reduced potency, 
                 +1.1 ± 0.1% 
               
               
                   
                 uM 
                 uM 
                   
                 improved selectivity, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 solubility, photostability 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.1 uM-1.0 uM: No effect; 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 3.0 uM: Small effect 
                   
               
               
                 BPN-0025060 
                  0.78 
                  0.48 
                 0.62 
                 NOTE: Improved potency, 
                 −81.8 ± 86.9%  
               
               
                   
                 uM 
                 uM 
                   
                 selectivity slightly improved,  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 worse solubility/photostab 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Similar to Blebb 
                   
               
               
                 BPN-0025100 
                 7.5 
                 26.3  
                 3.51 
                 NOTE: Reduced potency, but  
                 −7.8 ± 1.3% 
               
               
                   
                 uM 
                 uM 
                   
                 reasonable improvement in  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 selectivity and solubility 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.1 uM-1.0 uM: No effect;  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 3.0 uM: Small effect 
                   
               
               
                 BPN-0025002 
                 2.6 
                  1.97 
                 0.76 
                 NOTE: Slightly reduced potency, 
                 −38.9 ± 2.4%   
               
               
                   
                 uM 
                 uM 
                   
                 but slight improvement in 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 selectivity 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Similar to Blebb 
                   
               
               
                 BPN-0025046 
                 26.8  
                  1.74 
                 0.07 
                 NOTE: Reduced potency and 
                 47.6 ± 5.2% 
               
               
                   
                 uM 
                 uM 
                   
                 large shift towards cardiac 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 selectivity 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Similar to Blebb 
                   
               
               
                 BPN-0025098 
                 Inactive 
                 Inactive 
                 N/A 
                 NOTE: Inactive in cytokinesis, 
                 +2.0 ± 2.8% 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 improved solubility (86 uM vs 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Blebb = 9.3 uM) 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 No effect at any dose 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
                     TABLE 3               Structures of Compounds for Methods of Invention                                            BPN-0024998 (blebbistatin, control)                                         BPN-0026500                                         BPN-0026393                                         BPN-0026651                                         BPN-0026394/002                                         BPN-0026283                                         BPN-0025254                                         BPN-0026650                                         BPN-0026325                                         BPN-0026457                                         BPN-0026544                                         BPN-0026606                                         BPN-0026607                                         BPN-0025903                                         BPN-0026620                                         BPN-0026495                                         BPN-0026545                                         BPN-0026660                                         BPN-0026546                                         BPN-0025915                                         BPN-0026282                                         BPN-0026533                                         BPN-0025240                                         BPN-0026709                                         BPN-0026664                                         BPN-0026496                                         BPN-0025059                                         BPN-0026661                                         BPN-0026619                                         BPN-0026404                                         BPN-0026401                                         BPN-0026497                                         BPN-0026605                                         BPN-0026499                                         BPN-0026624                                         BPN-0026324                                         BPN-0026648                                                 BPN-0026608                                         BPN-0026638                                         BPN-0026621                                         BPN-0025110                                         BPN-0026665                                         BPN-0025100                                                 BPN-0026693                                         BPN-0026285                                         BPN-0026662                                         BPN-0025044                                         BPN-0026387                                         BPN-0026579                                         BPN-0026669                                         BPN-0025919                                         BPN-0026555                                         BPN-0026639                                         BPN-0026640                                         BPN-0026618                                         BPN-0026609                                         BPN-0026643                                         BPN-0026663                                         BPN-0026659                                         BPN-0026667                                         BPN-0026576                                         BPN-0026710                                         BPN-0026413                                         BPN-0025001                                         BPN-0026708                                         BPN-0026726                                         BPN-0026745                                         BPN-0026746                                         BPN-0026748                                         BPN-0026749                                         BPN-0026770                                         BPN-0026774                                         BPN-0026785                                         BPN-0026786                                         BPN-0026813                                         BPN-0026815                                         BPN-0026819                                         BPN-0026847                                         BPN-0026848                                         BPN-0026849                                         BPN-0026852                                         BPN-0026853                                         BPN-0026881                                         BPN-0026882                                         BPN-0026886                                         BPN-0027036                                         BPN-0027037                                         BPN-0027038                                         BPN-0027039                                         BPN-0027040                                         BPN-0027042                                         BPN-0027043                                         BPN-0027071                                         BPN-0027072                                         BPN-0027074                                         BPN-0027080                                         BPN-0027081                                         BPN-0027108                                         BPN-0027109                                         BPN-0027118                                         BPN-0027121                                         BPN-0027122                                         BPN-0027159                                         BPN-0027160                                         BPN-0027161                                         BPN-0027162                                         BPN-0027163                                         BPN-0027181                                         BPN-0027196                                         BPN-0027197                                         BPN-0027198                                         BPN-0027213                                         BPN-0027215                                         BPN-0027216                                         BPN-0027217                                         BPN-0027218                                         BPN-0027219                                         BPN-0027228                                         BPN-0027236                                         BPN-0027237                                         BPN-0027238                                         BPN-0027240                                         BPN-0027241                                         BPN-0027250                                         BPN-0027255                                         BPN-0027257                                         BPN-0027289                                         BPN-0027330                                         BPN-0027346                                         BPN-0027374                                         BPN-0027376                                         BPN-0027393                                         BPN-0027394                                         BPN-0027396                                         BPN-0027406                                         BPN-0027410                                         BPN-0027411                                         BPN-0027412                                         BPN-0027441                                         BPN-0027468                                         BPN-0027469                                         BPN-0027488                                         BPN-0027489                                         BPN-0027490                                         BPN-0027491                                         BPN-0027492                                         BPN-0027494                                         BPN-0028550                                         BPN-0028552                                         BPN-0028554                                         BPN-0028555                                         BPN-0028616                                         BPN-0028625                                         BPN-0028646                                         BPN-0028648                                         BPN-0028649                                         BPN-0028650                                         BPN-0028652                                         BPN-0028694                                         BPN-0028697                                         BPN-0028731                                         BPN-0028733                                         BPN-0028734                                         BPN-0028736                                         BPN-0028758                                         BPN-0028760                                         BPN-0028788                                         BPN-0028790                                         BPN-0028820                                         BPN-0028821                                         BPN-0028863                                         BPN-0028864                                         BPN-0028866                                         BPN-0028867                                         BPN-0028868                                         BPN-0028897                                         BPN-0028898                                         BPN-0028899                                         BPN-0028918                                         BPN-0028919                                         BPN-0028920                                         BPN-0028921                                         BPN-0028922                                         BPN-0028923                                         BPN-0028924                                         BPN-0028925                    
Blebbistatin Analog Bioassay Methods
 
1. Assaying Cardiac Muscle Myosin II
 
The cardiac muscle myosin II actin-activated ATPase assay is a biochemical assay. Specifically, it is an NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-coupled ATPase assay that relies on NADH fluorescence as a readout. Cardiac myosin is a mechanochemical energy transducer that hydrolyzes ATP to generate force in the presence of its activator, F-actin. The resulting ADP is regenerated to ATP by pyruvate kinase (PK) that transforms one molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate in parallel. Subsequently, pyruvate is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that, in turn, oxidizes one molecule of NADH to NAD. Therefore, the decrease in NADH concentration as a function of time equals the ATP hydrolysis rate. Bovine cardiac myosin is obtained from a commercial source, Cytoskeleton. PK, LDH, ATP, PEP, and NADH are obtained from Sigma. F-actin is prepared in house from Rabbit Muscle Acetone Powder. The assay is run at 25° C. in 384 well black-wall polystyrene microplates with a total volume of 20 μl per well. NADH fluorescence is monitored for 30 minutes with an EnVision Multimode Plate Reader. The slope of the fluorescence response, which is proportional to the reaction rate, is determined by simple linear regression. Final assay conditions are 300 nM cardiac myosin, 10 μM actin, 40 U/ml LDH, 200 U/ml PK, 220 μM NADH, 1 mM PEP, 1 mM ATP in a buffer containing 10 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (pH=7.0), 2 mM MgCl 2 , 0.15 mM ethylene glycol-bis((3-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, 0.1 mg/mL bovine serum albumin, 0.5% (V/V) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1 mM dithiothreitol. Prior to testing the inhibitory activity of the compounds, a two-fold dilution series starting at 10 mM compound concentration is prepared in DMSO. Subsequently, 100 nl is transferred to each well of the measuring plate containing a mixture of myosin, LDH and PK. The enzymatic reaction is started with the addition of a mixture containing ATP, PEP, NADH and actin. The highest final compound concentration is 50 uM. 20 μM para-aminoblebbistatin in 0.5% DMSO serves as the positive control and 0.5% DMSO alone is the negative control. Reaction rates are determined by using the fluorescence responses of a dilution series of NADH included in all plates and plotted as a function of inhibitor concentration. All measurements are carried out in triplicate. Inhibitory constants are determined by fitting the 16 point dose-response data to a quadratic equation corresponding to a simple one-to-one binding model. Small molecules showing no observable inhibition at or below their solubility are reported as inactive.
 
2. Assaying Skeletal Muscle Myosin II
 
The skeletal muscle myosin II actin-activated ATPase assay is performed the same as for cardiac muscle myosin II with the following exceptions: Rabbit skeletal myosin is obtained from Cytoskeleton and the final assay conditions contain 20 nM skeletal muscle myosin II.
 
3. Assaying Nonmuscle Myosin II
 
Cytokinesis is a cell-based assay to assess nonmuscle myosin II function, performed using COS7 cells. The assay is run in a 96 well plate, with 2,000 cells plated per well. Total incubation time is 48 hours, with 24 hours of treatment with the compound of interest. Prior to treatment with small molecules, a two-fold dilution series of compound solutions is prepared in DMSO. Starting concentrations are determined based on compound solubility. Compound solutions are further diluted in DMEM medium to a final DMSO concentration of 2% (50-fold dilution). Subsequently, 100 μl diluted solution is transferred to each well of the plate containing 100 μl of cell culture (achieving 1% final DMSO concentration). All measurements are carried out in triplicate. Cells are stained by fluorescein diacetate (6 μM), a cell viability dye, the cell-permeant Hoescht33342 (10 μM) and the membrane-impermeant propidium iodide (4 μM) to label all nuclei and those belonging to dead cells, respectively. Dye solutions are replaced by fresh media after 10 minutes of incubation. An INCell Analyzer 6000 is used for imaging. The signal of interest is the ratio of nuclei to cell numbers, as nonmuscle myosin II inhibition prevents cellular blebbing, resulting in multinucleated cells. Cytotoxicity is also assayed and quantified as the ratio of dead nuclei to total nuclei. 20 μM para-aminoblebbistatin in 1% DMSO serves as the positive control and 1% DMSO alone is the negative control. Half maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) is determined by fitting the 6-point dose-response data to the Hill equation. Small molecules showing no observable inhibition are reported as inactive.
 
4. Assaying cardiac safety (Assay 1)
 
The spontaneous contractions of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is measured label-free in real time using the ACEA xCELLigence RTCA Cardio instrument. All measurements are performed at 37° C. in a cell culture incubator, allowing for spontaneous beating of CMs at physiological conditions. Cor.4U CMs are seeded at 3×104 cells/well in 180 μl/well maintenance medium. Prior to seeding, a background impedance measurement (plate plus medium) is performed. The contraction of CMs involves cyclic modulation of cell morphology and adhesion inducing a delta change in impedance. From the cyclic changes in impedance a beating frequency, amplitude and effects on beating pattern can be calculated. Time point “0” (baseline) is recorded 10× for 20 seconds at 1 minute intervals. Thereafter, compounds and control (0.1% DMSO) are added to the wells and effects are measured 30 minutes later. Vehicle control is 0.1% DMSO and positive control is 100 nM isoproterenol. Compounds are tested at 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 uM. Data is collected at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes, and 1, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours post-incubation.
 
5. Assaying cardiac safety (Assay 2)
 
Male Sprague-Dawley rats are acclimated for approximately 1 week prior to use. Rats are lightly anesthetized using isoflurane and an intravenous catheter is placed for dosing purposes. Baseline 2-D echocardiograms are collected (standard SAX B-mode and M-mode at the level of the papillary muscle). Each rat receives a total of 3 IV treatments. Vehicle (10% DMSO, 10% Tween 80 and 80% water) is first administered, followed 10 minutes later by two subsequent infusions, separated by 10 minutes. Infusions of the positive control, Blebbistatin, are delivered at 0.5 mg/kg IV. Test compound concentrations vary depending upon the compound and experimental question. However, when available, dose is adjusted based on plasma pharmacokinetics and NMII potency. Standard SAX ECHO images are collected at the initiation of and at 1, 5, and 10 min after the initiation of each treatment. Measurements including fractional shortening, ejection fraction, heart rate and cardiac output are calculated.
 
     Compounds of the invention were prepared according to the Synthetic Schemes 1-7, below, and all compounds disclosed and claimed herein can be prepared according to these Schemes, in conjunction with ordinary skill and knowledge of a synthetic organic chemist and illustrated by the detailed procedures for specific examples further provided below. HPLC Conditions: 
     Method A 
     Column: Waters Symmetry 5 μm C18 (250×4.6 mm) 
     Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid 
     Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid 
     Detection: 254 nm 
     Method A Gradient 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   98.0   2.0           20.0   1.0   0.0   100.0           25.0   1.0   0.0   100.0                        
Method B
 
Column: YMC ODS-AQ C18 120 Å (150×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method B Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   98.0   2.0           15.0   1.0   0.0   100.0           19.0   1.0   0.0   100.0                        
Method C
 
Column: xBridge 3.5 μm C18 (150×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method C Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   95.0   5.0           20.0   1.0   0.0   100.0           25.0   1.0   0.0   100.0                        
Method D
 
Column: YMC ODS-AQ C18 120 Å (150×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method D Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   95.0   5.0           20.0   1.0   0.0   100.0           25.0   1.0   0.0   100.0                        
Method E
 
Column: YMC ODS-AQ C18 120 Å (150×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method E Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   100.0   0.0           5.0   1.0   100.0   0.0           15.0   1.0   0.0   100.0           18.0   1.0   0.0   100.0                        
Method F
 
Column: Waters Symmetry 5 μm C18 (250×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Detection: 290 nm
 
Method F Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   95.0   5.0           20.0   1.0   0.0   100.0           25.0   1.0   0.0   100.0                        
UPLC Conditions:
 
Method A
 
Column: Acquity UPLC BEH 1.7 μm C18 (75×2.1 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Water containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Mobile Phase B: Acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic Acid
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method A Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   0.5   95.0   5.0           6.0   0.5   0.0   100.0           8.0   0.5   0.0   100.0                        
Chiral HPLC Conditions:
 
Method A
 
Column: Chiralpak AD 5 μm (250×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Heptane
 
Mobile Phase B: i-Propyl Alcohol
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method A Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   90.0   10.0           5.0   1.0   90.0   10.0           20.0   1.0   50.0   50.0           35.0   1.0   50.0   50.0                        
Method B
 
Column: Chiralpak AD 5 μm (250×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: Heptane
 
Mobile Phase B: i-Propyl Alcohol
 
Detection: 290 nm
 
Method B Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.0   90.0   10.0           5.0   1.0   90.0   10.0           20.0   1.0   50.0   50.0           35.0   1.0   50.0   50.0                        
Chiral SFC Conditions:
 
Method A
 
Column: Chiralcel OJ-H 5 μm (100×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: CO 2  
 
Mobile Phase B: i-Propyl Alcohol
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method A Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.5   95.0   5.0           8.0   1.5   60.0   40.0                        
Method B
 
Column: Chiralcel OJ-H 5 μm (100×4.6 mm)
 
Mobile Phase A: CO 2  
 
Mobile Phase B: Methanol
 
Detection: 254 nm
 
Method B Gradient
 
                                                     Time   Flow                   (min)   (mL/min)   % A   % B                                                            0.0   1.5   95.0   5.0           8.0   1.5   60.0   40.0                        
Synthetic Schemes
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preparation of Methyl 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid (5.00 g, 29.1 mmol) in methanol (75 mL) was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (7.5 mL) and heated at 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 72 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the volatiles. The resulting residue was carefully treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoate (5.10 g, 94%) as a brown solid:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.63 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (brs, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H). 
     Preparation of Methyl 5-chloro-2-((1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (1.04 g, 6.45 mmol) in methylene chloride (13 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (0.60 mL, 0.99 g, 6.4 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature for 3 h. The mixture was treated with a solution of methyl 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoate (1.00 g, 5.39 mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL) and heated at 50° C. for 16 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted with methylene chloride (25 mL), washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2×25 mL) and brine (25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-30% ethyl acetate/methylene chloride) to provide methyl 5-chloro-2-((1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)benzoate (0.72 g, 41%) as a light tan oil: ESI MS m/z 329 [C 18 H 17 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + . 
     Preparation of 6-Chloro-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(9H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of methyl 5-chloro-2-((1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)benzoate (715 mg, 2.17 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath under a nitrogen atmosphere and treated dropwise with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (5.4 mL, 5.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 3.5 h, during which time the bath temperature increased to 0° C. After this time, the mixture was treated with chilled saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) and stirred rapidly for 1 h. The resulting solids were isolated by filtration, washed with water and ethyl acetate, and dried under vacuum to provide 6-chloro-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(9H)-one (435 mg, 67%) as a light orange solid:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 10.77 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (apparent t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (apparent t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H); ESI MS m/z 297 [C 17 H 13 ClN 2 O+H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 6-chloro-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(9H)-one (101 mg, 0.339 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (6 mL) was cooed in a dry ice/acetone bath and treated with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (0.41 mL, 0.41 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 45 min, the mixture was treated with a solution of (−)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine (245 mg, 0.821 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 h while the bath temperature increased to 0° C. The acetone bath was replaced by a wet ice/brine bath, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. After this time, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous ammonium iodide (6 mL) followed by saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (25 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). The organics were extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid (3×25 mL). The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜8 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate (4×25 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was recrystallized from hot acetonitrile to provide (S)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one (37 mg, 35%) as a yellow solid: mp=199-200° C. decomposed;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.06 (dd, J=7.5, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (apparent t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (apparent t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.98 (apparent t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.37-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.26 (dd, J=13.5, 6.0 Hz, 1H); ESI MS m/z 313 [C 17 H 13 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.17 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.17 min. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preparation of 4-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 4-iodobenzonitrile (1.00 g, 4.36 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (10 mL) was treated with 2-pyrrolidinone (331 μL, 4.36 mmol), copper iodide (83.0 mg, 0.436 mmol), cesium carbonate (4.26 g, 13.1 mmol) and N,N′-dimethyl-(1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (137 μL, 0.872 mmol) and heated at 110° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 16 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted with water (50 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (4×50 mL). The combined organics were washed with water (4×10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzonitrile (514 mg, 63%) as an off-white solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.90-7.82 (m, 4H), 3.87 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=3.9 Hz, 2H), 2.12-2.05 (m, 2H). 
     Preparation of Methyl 2-((1-(4-Cyanophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-methylbenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzonitrile (400 mg, 2.14 mmol) in methylene chloride (9 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (0.30 mL, 3.2 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature for 16 h. The mixture was treated with a solution of methyl 2-amino-5-methylbenzoate (355 mg, 2.14 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) and heated at 45° C. for 5 d. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid (2×20 mL). The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜11 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-((1-(4-cyanophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-methylbenzoate (226 mg, 32%) as a yellow oil, which was used without further purification: ESI MS m/z 334 [C 20 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of methyl 2-((1-(4-cyanophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-methylbenzoate (226 mg, 0.678 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (12 mL) was cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath under a nitrogen atmosphere and treated with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (2.03 mL, 2.03 mmol). The acetone bath was replaced by a wet ice/water bath, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. After stirring for 3 h, the mixture was treated with a solution of (−)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine (505 mg, 1.70 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 0° C. After this time, the mixture was treated sequentially with saturated aqueous ammonium iodide (0.7 mL), saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (2.3 mL), and brine (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). The organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to obtain a yellow gum, which was re-purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-80% ethyl acetate/heptane) and recrystallization from hot acetonitrile to provide (S)-4-(3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile (39 mg, 18%) as a yellow solid: mp=222-223° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.32 (dd, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (dd, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (apparent d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 318 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.48 min. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preparation of Methyl 2-((1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (2.00 g, 10.5 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (1.46 mL, 15.7 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature for 7 h. The mixture was treated with a solution of methyl 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (3.21 g, 14.6 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) and heated at 45° C. for 2 d. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (40 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 12-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide methyl 2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (2.19 g, 53%) as a clear gum:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 3H), 3.88-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.47 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.05 (m, 2H). 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of methyl 2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (2.19 g, 5.59 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (35 mL) was cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath under a nitrogen atmosphere and treated with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (16.8 mL, 16.8 mmol). The acetone bath was replaced by a wet ice/water bath, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. After this time, the mixture was treated with a solution of (−)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine (4.17 g, 14.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. After this time, the mixture was treated sequentially with saturated aqueous ammonium iodide (20 mL), saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (37 mL), and brine (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was triturated in hot acetonitrile to provide (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (1.26 g, 60%) as a yellow-brown solid:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (dd, J=7.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=7.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.25 (m, 1H). 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (730 mg, 1.94 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (30 mL) was treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.35 mL, 7.76 mmol) and triisopropylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.56 mL, 5.82 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 90° C. for 16 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The mixture was treated with cold deionized water (17 mL) followed by saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (40 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-60% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (870 mg, 84%) as a yellow solid:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93-7.88 (m, 3H), 7.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.10-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.57-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.30 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.80 (m, 21H). 
     Preparation of (S)-6-(Trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (870 mg, 1.63 mmol) in acetonitrile (24 mL) was cooled in a wet ice/water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere and treated dropwise with a solution of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (3.58 g, 6.53 mmol) in deionized water (6 mL) and stirred for 2 h at 0° C. The mixture was treated with an additional solution of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (1.79 g, 3.27 mmol) in deionized water (3 mL) and acetonitrile (12 mL) and stirred for 3 h at 0° C. 
     After this time, the mixture was treated with sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (3.67 g) in deionized water (6 mL) and acetonitrile (25 mL) followed by saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) to form a slurry. The solid was removed by filtration through diatomaceous earth and rinsed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The organics were combined and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water, and brine. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 12-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide (S)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (358 mg, 52%) as a yellow solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (brs, 2H), 2.39-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.16 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.81 (m, 21H); NH proton not observed. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(6-Methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (125 mg, 0.293 mmol) in toluene (3 mL) was treated with 5-iodo-2-methylpyridine (96 mg, 0.44 mmol), copper iodide (6.0 mg, 0.029 mmol), cesium carbonate (286 mg, 0.879 mmol), and N,N′-dimethyl-(1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (9 μL, 0.06 mmol) and heated at 105° C. in a sealed vial for 16 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. 
     The solids were removed by filtration and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 12-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide (S)-1-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (143 mg, 94%) as a yellow gum: ESI MS m/z 518 [C 27 H 34 F 3 N 3 O 2 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of provide (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-1-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (143 mg, 0.276 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was treated with a 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (0.829 mL, 0.829 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. After this time, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% methanol/methylene chloride) to provide (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (84 mg, 84%) as a yellow solid: mp=237-240° C. decomposed;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.09 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (dd, J=8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.27 (m, 2H), CH 3  protons obscured by solvent; ESI MS m/z 362 [C 18 H 14 F 3 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.49 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 49.7% (AUC), t R =16.24 min. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preparation of Methyl 2-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ylidene)amino)-5-methylbenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-one (6.30 g, 35.9 mmol) in methylene chloride (200 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (4.50 mL, 49.2 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature for 4 h. The mixture was treated with a solution of methyl 2-amino-5-methylbenzoate (5.30 g, 32.1 mmol) in methylene chloride (20 mL) and heated at reflux for 48 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and then water. The organic layer was extracted with 0.4 M hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous extract was basified to pH 12 by adding sodium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ylidene)amino)-5-methylbenzoate (8.40 g, 81%) as a pale yellow oil: ESI MS m/z 323 [C 20 H 22 N 2 O 2 +H] + . 
     Preparation of 1-Benzyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of methyl 2-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-ylidene)amino)-5-methylbenzoate (8.40 g, 26.1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. was treated dropwise with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (55 mL, 55 mmol) and stirred for 3 h. After this time, a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and diethyl ether and dried under high vacuum to provide 1-benzyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol (3.18 g, 42%) as an off-white solid: ESI MS m/z 291 [C 19 H 18 N 2 O+H] + . 
     Preparation of 6-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol hydrochloride 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of 1-benzyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol (6.30 g, 21.7 mmol) and aluminum trichloride (12.8 g, 96.0 mmol) in benzene (140 mL) was stirred at reflux for 3 h. After this time, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into stirred ice/water (250 mL). The mixture was stirred for 15 min and then the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether and dried under high vacuum to provide 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol hydrochloride (5.1 g, quantitative): ESI MS m/z 201 [C 12 H 12 N 2 O+H] + . 
     Preparation of 1-(4-((Dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol hydrochloride (260 mg, 1.10 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (4 mL) was treated with 1-(4-iodophenyl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine (460 mg, 1.77 mmol), copper iodide (40 mg, 0.21 mmol), tripotassium phosphate (650 mg, 3.06 mmol), and trans-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (58 mg, 0.41 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated in a microwave at 160° C. for 4 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth using 3/1 methylene chloride/methanol as eluent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-80% (methylene chloride/methanol/ammonium hydroxide 80/18/2), methylene chloride) to provide 1-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol (200 mg, 54%): ESI MS m/z 334 [C 21 H 23 N 3 O+H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-((Dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ol (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) at −78° C. was treated dropwise with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (1.0 mL, 1.0 mmol), followed by (−)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine (600 mg, 2.01 mmol) in one portion. The mixture was stirred while allowing the temperature to raise to −10° C. over 2 h. After this time, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous ammonium iodide (4 mL) and stirred for 20 min. Saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (10 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 20 min and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were extracted with 0.8 M hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous extract was basified to pH ˜12 by adding sodium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from hot acetonitrile to provide (S)-1-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one (26 mg, 12%) as a yellow solid: mp=194-195° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.01 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 6H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 21 H 23 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 96.4% (AUC), t R =9.73 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 94.5% (AUC), t R =15.86 min. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preparation of 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-iodo-4-methoxybenzene (8.00 g, 33.3 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was treated with 2-pyrrolidinone (3.8 mL, 4.3 g, 50 mmol), copper iodide (638 mg, 3.35 mmol), cesium carbonate (26.1 g, 80.0 mmol) and (1R,2R)—N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (1.1 mL, 0.99 g, 7.0 mmol) and heated at 110° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 22 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 12-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (6.07 g, 95%) as a white solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.54 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.45 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 192 [C 11 H 13 NO 2 +H] + . 
     Preparation of Methyl 2-Amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 2-amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoic acid (10.00 g, 60.54 mmol) in methanol (180 mL) was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (18 mL) and heated at 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 64.5 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the volatiles. The resulting residue was carefully treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (800 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×300 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (10.14 g, 94%) as a light brown solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 180 [C 10 H 13 NO2+H] + . 
     Preparation of Methyl 2-((1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-4,5-dimethylbenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (16.34 g, 85.45 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (12 mL, 20 g, 130 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature for 5.25 h. The mixture was treated with a solution of methyl 2-amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (15.36 g, 85.70 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) and refluxed at 80° C. for 67 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was treated with sodium bicarbonate (200 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid. The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜11 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with and ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (25.93 g, 86%) as a brown oil:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 6.94-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 3.79 (apparent t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.73-3.70 (m, 6H), 2.34 (apparent t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.19-2.18 (m, 6H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 353 [C 21 H 24 N 2 O 3 +H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of methyl 2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (1.87 g, 5.31 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath under a nitrogen atmosphere and treated dropwise with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (16 mL, 16 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, during which time the bath temperature increased to 0° C. After 1 h, the mixture was treated with a solution of (−)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine (3.17 mg, 10.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and stirred for 1 h. After this time, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous ammonium iodide (6 mL) followed by saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (12 ml) and brine (40 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (25 mL) and extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid (4×40 mL). The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜8 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by recrystallization from hot ethanol to provide (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (422 mg, 24%) as a yellow solid: mp=199-200° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.98-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.00-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.21 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 337 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.71 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.75 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (725 mg, 2.16 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (25 mL) was treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.5 mL, 1.1 g, 8.6 mmol) and triisopropylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.8 mL, 2.0 g, 6.7 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 80° C. for 21 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The mixture was treated with cold deionized water (25 mL), followed by saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25 mL) and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (2×25 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 5-40% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (690 mg, 65%) as an yellow oil:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.96 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.02-6.99 (m, 3H), 4.02-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.26 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 0.83-0.81 (m, 21H); ESI MS m/z 493 [C 29 H 40 N 2 O 3 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-6,7-Dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (1.24 g, 2.52 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was cooled in a wet ice/water bath and treated dropwise with a solution of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (5.52 g, 10.1 mmol) in deionized water (10 mL) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. for 30 min. After this time, the mixture was treated with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (15 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL). The mixture was filtered through celite and the solids were washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water, and brine. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 5-100% ethyl acetate/heptane, 0-20% methanol/ethyl acetate) to provide (S)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (589 mg, 61%) as a yellow-orange solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.41 (s, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.16 (m, 8H), 0.86-0.84 (m, 21H), NH proton not observed; ESI MS m/z 387 [C 22 H 34 N 2 O 2 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (100 mg, 0.260 mmol), (6-bromoquinolin-3-yl)methanol (105 mg, 0.440 mmol), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos) (90 mg, 0.16 mmol), and cesium carbonate (186 mg, 0.570 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) was degassed with argon for 15 min. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (25 mg, 0.026 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated at 105° C. for 3 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth using methylene chloride as an eluent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide (S)-1-(3-(hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (43 mg, 30%): ESI MS m/z 544 [C 32 H 41 N 3 O 3 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-(hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-1-(3-(hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (43 mg, 0.08 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was treated with a 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (0.10 mL, 0.10 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 4 h. After this time, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% methanol/methylene chloride) to provide (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(3-(hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one as a yellow solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.70 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.47 (m, 1H), 4.73 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H) 4.19-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.24 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 388 [C 23 H 21 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.3% (AUC), t R =10.24 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 91.1% (AUC), t R =19.45 min. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preparation of 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-iodo-4-methoxybenzene (8.00 g, 33.3 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was treated with 2-pyrrolidinone (3.8 mL, 4.3 g, 50 mmol), copper iodide (638 mg, 3.35 mmol), cesium carbonate (26.1 g, 80.0 mmol) and (1R,2R)—N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (1.1 mL, 0.99 g, 7.0 mmol) and heated at 110° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 22 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, filtered through celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 12-100% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (6.07 g, 95%) as a white solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.54 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.45 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 192 [C 11 H 13 NO 2 +H] + . 
     Preparation of Methyl 2-Amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 2-amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoic acid (10.00 g, 60.54 mmol) in methanol (180 mL) was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (18 mL) and heated at 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 64.5 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the volatiles. The resulting residue was carefully treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (800 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×300 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (10.14 g, 94%) as a light brown solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 180 [C 10 H 13 NO 2 +H] + . 
     Preparation of Methyl 2-((1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-4,5-dimethylbenzoate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (16.34 g, 85.45 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (12. mL, 20. g, 130 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature for 5.25 h. The mixture was treated with a solution of methyl 2-amino-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (15.36 g, 85.70 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) and refluxed at 80° C. for 67 h. 
     After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was treated with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid. The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜11 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide methyl 2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (25.93 g, 86%) as a brown oil:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 6.94-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 3.79 (apparent t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.73-3.70 (m, 6H), 2.34 (apparent t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.19-2.18 (m, 6H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 353 [C 21 H 24 N 2 O 3 +H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of methyl 2-((1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)amino)-4,5-dimethylbenzoate (1.87 g, 5.31 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was cooled in a dry ice/acetone bath under a nitrogen atmosphere and treated dropwise with a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in tetrahydrofuran (16 mL, 16 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, during which time the bath temperature increased to 0° C. After 1 h, the mixture was treated with a solution of (−)-(8,8-dichlorocamphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine (3.17 mg, 10.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and stirred for 1 h. After this time, the mixture was treated with saturated aqueous ammonium iodide (6 mL) followed by saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate (12 ml) and brine (40 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (25 mL) and extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid (4×40 mL). The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜8 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by recrystallization from hot ethanol to provide (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (422 mg, 24%) as a yellow solid: mp=199-200° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.98-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.00-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.21 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 337 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.71 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.75 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (725 mg, 2.16 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (25 mL) was treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.5 mL, 1.1 g, 8.6 mmol) and triisopropylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.8 mL, 2.0 g, 6.7 mmol) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 80° C. for 21 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The mixture was treated with cold deionized water (25 mL), followed by saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25 mL), and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (2×25 mL). The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 5-40% ethyl acetate/heptane) to provide (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (690 mg, 65%) as an yellow oil:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.96 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.02-6.99 (m, 3H), 4.02-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.26 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 0.83-0.81 (m, 21H); ESI MS m/z 493 [C 29 H 40 N 2 O 3 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-6,7-Dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (1.24 g, 2.52 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was cooled in a wet ice/water bath and treated dropwise with a solution of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (5.52 g, 10.1 mmol) in deionized water (10 mL) and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. for 30 min. After this time, the mixture was treated with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (15 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL). The mixture was filtered through celite, and the solids were washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water, and brine. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 5-100% ethyl acetate/heptane, 0-20% methanol/ethyl acetate) to provide (S)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (589 mg, 61%) as a yellow-orange solid:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.41 (s, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.16 (m, 8H), 0.86-0.84 (m, 21H), NH proton not observed; ESI MS m/z 387 [C 22 H 34 N 2 O 2 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of tert-Butyl 7-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of 7-bromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine (305 mg, 1.42 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (19 mg, 0.16 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was cooled in a wet ice/water bath and treated dropwise with a solution of 2M di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in dichloromethane (0.78 mL, 1.6 mmol). After 10 min, the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 24 h. After this time, water (20 mL) was added, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide tert-butyl 7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate (353 mg, 79%) as a pink solid:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.03 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.82 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H). 
     Preparation of tert-Butyl (S)-7-(6,7-Dimethyl-4-oxo-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of (S)-6,7-dimethyl-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (202 mg, 0.522 mmol), tert-butyl 7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate (250. mg, 0.793 mmol), and cesium carbonate (172 mg, 0.578 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was degassed with argon for 10 min. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (61 mg, 0.067 mmol) and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos) (188 mg, 0.325 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 90° C. for 23.5 h in a sealed vial. After this time, the reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth using ethyl acetate as an eluent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 12-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide tert-butyl (S)-7-(6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate (133 mg, 41%) as an orange solid: ESI MS m/z 621 [C 34 H 48 N 4 O 5 Si+H] + . 
     Preparation of tert-Butyl (S)-7-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A solution of tert-butyl (S)-7-(6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-3a-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate (133 mg, 0.214 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was treated with a 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (0.64 mL, 0.64 mmol) and acetic acid (0.07 mL, 0.07 g, 1 mmol), and the mixture was stirred. After 17 h, additional 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (0.21 mL, 0.21 mmol) was added, and the reaction continued to stir. After 12 h, additional 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (0.21 mL, 0.21 mmol) was added, and the reaction continued to stir. After 4 h, additional 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (0.21 mL, 0.21 mmol) was added, and the reaction continued to stir for 3 h. After this time, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 2-20% methanol/methylene chloride). The semi-crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate (20 mL) and extracted with 0.3 M hydrochloric acid. The combined acid layers were adjusted to pH ˜8 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a mixture of tert-butyl (S)-7-(3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate and (S)-1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (59 mg): ESI MS m/z 465 [C 25 H 28 N 4 O 5 +H] + ; ESI MS m/z 365 [C 20 H 20 N 4 O 3 +H] + . 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     A mixture of tert-butyl (S)-7-(3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazine-4-carboxylate and (S)-1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (59 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (0.01 mL, 0.01 g, 0.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 3.5 h. After this time, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (5 mL) and treated with sodium bicarbonate (10 mL). The organic and aqueous layers were separated, and the organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized from hot acetonitrile to provide (S)-1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one (34 mg, 74%) as an orange solid: mp=231-232° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.03 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.19 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 365 [C 20 H 20 N 4 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 99.0% (AUC), t R =2.66 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 84.1% (AUC), t R =20.76 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange-red solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=221-229° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.72 (d, J=1.7, 1H), 8.15 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=2.6, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.04 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 369 [C 19 H 13 ClN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.20 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 92.1% (AUC), t R =17.57 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=204-208° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.16 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=5.4, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=2.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.05 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 369 [C 19 H 13 ClN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.15 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 85.1% (AUC), t R =18.25 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=217-220° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (m, 3H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 327 [C 18 H 15 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 97.0% (AUC), t R =12.45 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.5% (AUC), t R =14.31 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a bright yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=212-216° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.15-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 4.13-3.94 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 17 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.2% (AUC), t R =13.45 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 89.6% (AUC), t R =19.74 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a light yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=219-223° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.44 (apparent t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.14-3.94 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.21 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 327 [C 18 H 15 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 99.0% (AUC), t R =12.69 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 93.2% (AUC), t R =18.38 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=196-197° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.99 (apparent t, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (apparent t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.73 (dd, J=8.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 323 [C 19 H 18 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.05 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.0% (AUC), t R =15.07 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=199-200° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.39 (apparent t, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (ddd, J=8.4, 2.2, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (apparent t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.19 (ddd, J=7.9, 1.9, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.96 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.25 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 327 [C 18 H 15 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.18 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.59 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(m-tolyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(m-tolyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=192-193° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.94 (dd, J=8.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.30 (apparent t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 4.07-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.93 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.23 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 307 [C 19 H 18 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.48 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.51 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=195-196° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.53 (apparent t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (ddd, J=8.3, 2.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.32 (ddd, J=7.9, 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.06-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 371 [C 18 H 15 BrN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 96.2% (AUC), t R =12.72 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.18 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=213-214° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.37 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (dd, J=8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.05-3.93 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.31 (m, 6H), 2.27-2.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 341 [C 19 H 17 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.30 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.28 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=197-199° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.83 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J=7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.90 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.22 (m, 11H); ESI MS m/z 321 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method F) 98.4% (AUC), t R =14.99 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.4% (AUC), t R =13.05 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=204-205° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=2.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.01 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.25 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 333 [C 20 H 16 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.24 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =17.78 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=203-204° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.06 (dd, J=9.0, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.93 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 341 [C 19 H 17 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.07 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.68 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-6-chloro-3a-hydroxy-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=209-211° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J=2.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.03 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.26 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 353 [C 19 H 13 ClN 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.12 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 99.0% (AUC), t R =17.23 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(m-tolyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(m-tolyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=196-198° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.95 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.30 (apparent t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.92 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.20 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 321 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.62 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.47 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=176-178° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.97 (apparent t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (apparent t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.73 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.21 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 337 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.41 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =16.05 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=229-231° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.32 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.87 (dd, J=7.5, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.99 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.24 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 332 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.60 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.2% (AUC), t R =19.40 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=203-204° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.40 (apparent t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.44 (apparent t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.95 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.23 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 341 [C 19 H 17 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.89 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.96 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7(4aH)-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7(4aH)-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=226-227° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.17 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.06 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.37 (d, J=1.0, 3H), 2.25-2.21 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 338 [C 18 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =15.23 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.9% (AUC), t R =19.02 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=230-231° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.14 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J=6.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 4.02-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.39-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.23 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 344 [C 17 H 14 ClN 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 96.0% (AUC), t R =13.01 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 83.0% (AUC), t R =14.71 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7-(3-Bromophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2-methyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7-(3-Bromophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2-methyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=236-238° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.26 (apparent t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (apparent dt, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 2H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=1.0, 1H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.01 (m, 1H), 2.36 (d, J=1.0, 3H), 2.22-2.19 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 377 [C 16 H 13 BrN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 94.0% (AUC), t R =16.31 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =16.36 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-4a-hydroxy-2-methyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-4a-hydroxy-2-methyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=247-248° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J=2.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.79 (d, J=1.0, 1H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.08 (m, 1H), 2.35 (d, J=1.0, 3H), 2.26-2.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 339 [C 18 H 14 N 2 O 3 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.20 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =22.00 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=223-224° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.52 (apparent t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (ddd, J=8.3, 2.2, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.38 (apparent t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (ddd, J=7.9, 1.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.94 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.23 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 385 [C 19 H 17 BrN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 93.1% (AUC), t R =13.27 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.35 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=240-241° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.28 (dd, J=8.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 346 [C 21 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.6% (AUC), t R =13.14 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 88.1% (AUC), t R =17.66 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=214-216° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.15-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.92 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.22 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 341 [C 19 H 17 ClN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.06 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.6% (AUC), t R =16.42 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(p-tolyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(p-tolyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=219-220° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.96-3.94 (m, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.89 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.21 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 321 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.97 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =15.61 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a red solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=213-214° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.50 (dd, J=2.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.04-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.25 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 21 H 18 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.10 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.8% (AUC), t R =19.08 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=199-200° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.98-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.00-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.21 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 337 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.71 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.75 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange-yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=234-235° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.94 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.27 (m, 5H), 2.22 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 328 [C 17 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.84 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 53.0% (AUC), t R =15.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=229-231° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=5.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J=5.4, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.83-6.82 (m, 2H), 4.07-3.97 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 313 [C 17 H 16 N 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.17 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 83.5% (AUC), t R =17.17 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=218-220° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.12 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=5.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.23 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 338 [C 19 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.04 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 90.6% (AUC), t R =15.27 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=226-227° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.87 (m, 4H), 3.81-3.78 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.22 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 311 [C 17 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =7.50 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 92.2% (AUC), t R =18.21 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-4a-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-4a-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=233-235° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J=2.0, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.21 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.08 (m, 1H), 2.70 (q, J=7.5, 2H), 2.28-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 353 [C 19 H 16 N 2 O 3 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.51 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =21.69 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=235-236° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.00-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.50 (m, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.82 (apparent t, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.16-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.70 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.23-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.21 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 17 H 15 ClN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.20 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.88 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-7-(p-tolyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-7-(p-tolyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=248-249° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.81-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.79 (apparent t, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.98 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.21 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 327 [C 18 H 18 N 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.30 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.53 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4a-Hydroxy-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=232-233° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.83-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.02-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.17 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 343 [C 18 H 18 N 2 O 3 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.49 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 85.2% (AUC), t R =18.94 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=257-258° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.99-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.49 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.19 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 17 H 15 ClN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.17 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 91.2% (AUC), t R =16.03 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.16 (dd, J=8.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.86 (apparent t, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.06 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 352 [C 19 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.33 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 66.7% (AUC), =19.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7-(3-Bromophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7-(3-Bromophenyl)-4a-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=259-260° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.27 (apparent t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (ddd, J=8.0, 2.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.19 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 391 [C 17 H 15 BrN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 90.9% (AUC), t R =18.45 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.9% (AUC), t R =14.50 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=228-229° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.83-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.03-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.78 (apparent t, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.16-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.68 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.25-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 343 [C 18 H 18 N 2 O 3 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.28 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =22.29 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(4a-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(4a-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=245-246° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.17 (dd, J=8.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.05 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (m, 8H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 352 [C 19 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 98.6% (AUC), t R =12.07 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 87.8% (AUC), t R =17.22 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=238-239° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.19-8.17 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.87 (apparent t, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.17-4.08 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 338 [C 18 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.89 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =21.29 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(quinolin-7-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(quinolin-7-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=242-243° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.89 (dd, J=4.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.56 (dd, J=9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=8.2, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=8.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.14 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.29 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 344 [C 21 H 17 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.08 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 49.3% (AUC), t R =21.31 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=236-238° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.83 (dd, J=4.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (dd, J=8.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=8.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.12 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.30 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 344 [C 21 H 17 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =6.83 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 94.1% (AUC), t R =19.50 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(isoquinolin-7-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(isoquinolin-7-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=217-218° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.77 (dd, J=9.1, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.31 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 344 [C 21 H 17 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.72 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =20.95 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4a-Hydroxy-7-(4-iodophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-7-(4-iodophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=251-252° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.78 (s, 4H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 4.12-4.07 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.96 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.18 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 439 [C 17 H 15 IN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.15 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 89.8% (AUC), t R =17.96 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-iodophenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-iodophenyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=240-241° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.95-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.89 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.22 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 433 [C 19 H 17 IN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.61 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 91.4% (AUC), t R =18.01 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one BPN-0027121 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.85 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=8.9, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.06 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.28 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 95.3% (AUC), t R =8.01 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 70.3% (AUC), t R =27.20 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.90 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (dd, J=9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.04 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.29 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.5% (AUC), t R =7.92 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 83.3% (AUC), t R =21.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(3-methylquinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(3-methylquinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=263-264° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (dd, J=9.3, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.31 (m, 5H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 358 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 97.1% (AUC), t R =11.24 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 81.9% (AUC), t R =18.76 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(3-methylisoquinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(3-methylisoquinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=265-267° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.09 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.30 (m, 5H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 372 [C 23 H 21 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =7.61 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 73.7% (AUC), t R =19.44 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=246-247° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.83 (dd, J=4.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.79 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.09 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.30 (m, 5H), 2.24 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 358 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;97.9% (AUC), t R =8.10 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 61.1% (AUC), t R =20.30 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(quinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(quinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=242-243° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.86 (dd, J=4.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.18 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.36 (m, 3H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.7% (AUC), t R =11.45 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =21.33 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Ethyl-4a-hydroxy-7-(quinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(quinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as an orange-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=217-219° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.86 (dd, J=4.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.59 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.18 (m, 1H), 2.72 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.23 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.26 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =20.87 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-1-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.18-8.16 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.90 (m, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.08 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (m, 3H), 1.84-1.65 (m, 7H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 95.4% (AUC), t R =10.52 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 55.9% (AUC), t R =19.88 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Chloro-4-(4a-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)benzonitrile in 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Chloro-4-(4a-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=275-276° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.38 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J=8.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.22 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 372 [C 18 H 14 ClN 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 96.7% (AUC), t R =10.69 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 90.8% (AUC), t R =20.01 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-4H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-4H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=245-246° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.86 (dd, J=4.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (dd, J=8.3, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=8.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 4.29-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.18 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.57 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.70 (m, 4H); ESI MS m/z 390 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.8% (AUC), t R =9.06 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 82.3% (AUC), t R =19.47 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Chloro-4-(4a-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Chloro-4-(4a-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-7-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.37 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (dd, J=8.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.38 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H), 2.25-2.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 358 [C 17 H 12 ClN 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.3% (AUC), t R =16.02 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.7% (AUC), t R =20.06 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-7-(quinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-7-(quinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as an orange-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=219-224° C.  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.85 (dd, J=4.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (dd, J=9.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=8.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.23 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.18 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.23 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 95.8% (AUC), t R =12.69 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 89.5% (AUC), t R =19.48 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)quinoline-2-carbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)quinoline-2-carbonitrile was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=271-273° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.01 (dd, J=9.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.64-8.60 (m, 2H), 8.19 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J=8.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.31 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 369 [C 22 H 16 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 99.0% (AUC), t R =13.28 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.3% (AUC), t R =22.01 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange-yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=231-232° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.80 (dd, J=9.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J=8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.29 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 351 [C 18 H 14 N 4 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.8% (AUC), t R =12.54 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.44 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=208-210° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.33 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.94 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=8.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.06 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.26 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 97.9% (AUC), t R =2.96 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.8% (AUC), t R =19.56 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[c/]thiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=258-259° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.71 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J=8.9, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.03 (m, 1H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.26 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.00 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 74.7% (AUC), t R =21.78 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=207-208° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.53 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.73 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.81 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.18 (m, 2H), 2H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 350 [C 20 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.6% (AUC), t R =2.96 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =23.12 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-([1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-([1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=260-261° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.95 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (dd, J=7.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J=8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.27 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 334 [C 18 H 15 N 5 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.0% (AUC), t R =2.85 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 64.4% (AUC), t R =20.26 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2-Aminoquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2-Aminoquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=261-262° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.36 (dd, J=9.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J=8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 2H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 359 [C 21 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.42 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3-Chloro-5-(3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)picolinonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3-Chloro-5-(3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)picolinonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=243-245° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.42 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 9.01 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (ddd, J=8.0, 2.2, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.04 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.29 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 352 [C 18 H 13 ClN 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =4.64 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =17.22 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Aminoquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Aminoquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=243-244° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.36 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=9.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.1, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 5.66 (s, 2H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.05 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.28 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 358 [C 21 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.44 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =21.10 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(5,6-Dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(5,6-Dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=250-251° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.96 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.93 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.22 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 336 [C 20 H 21 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.4% (AUC), t R =3.01 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 82.0% (AUC), t R =15.59 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=225-230° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.86 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 4.25 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.98-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.84 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.21 (m, 10H); ESI MS m/z 365 [C 20 H 20 N 4 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.3% (AUC), t R =2.72 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 86.1% (AUC), t R =18.80 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(1,2,3,5-tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(1,2,3,5-tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,4]oxazepin-7-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.78 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.68 (apparent t, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.02-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.18 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 378 [C 22 H 23 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.3% (AUC), t R =2.97 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 91.0% (AUC), t R =23.89 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=200-203° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.67-6.64 (m, 1H), 5.88 (s, 1H), 4.12-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.79 (m, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.14 (m, 5H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 364 [C 21 H 21 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.14 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =20.43 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(5-Chloro-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(5-Chloro-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.85 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.70 (d, J=2.56 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.96 (m, 4H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 372 [C 19 H 18 ClN 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.2% (AUC), t R =3.42 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 85.2% (AUC), t R =13.81 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a red solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=247-249° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.53 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 8.26-8.24 (m, 2H), 7.99 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.19-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.28 (m, 2H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 97.5% (AUC), t R =2.80 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.84 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2-Aminoquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2-Aminoquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=282-283° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.38 (dd, J=9.1, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.79-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.37 (s, 2H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.04-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.25 (m, 5H), 2.22 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 373 [C 22 H 20 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.58 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 86.1% (AUC), t R =23.54 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=211-212° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.84-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.64-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 4.03-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.19 (m, 5H), 1.76-1.74 (m, 4H); ESI MS m/z 361 [C 23 H 24 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.8% (AUC), t R =3.88 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.95 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Chroman-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Chroman-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=219-221° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.63 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.01-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.87 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.18 (m, 5H), 1.95-1.90 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 363 [C 22 H 22 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.46 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 88.0% (AUC), t R =19.01 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=220-221° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=8.2, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.73 (s, 1H), 3.97-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.16 (m, 5H), 1.82-1.77 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 362 [C 22 H 23 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.26% (AUC), t R =3.07 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 99.0% (AUC), t R =20.30 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=222-223° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.06 (dd, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (apparent dt, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (apparent t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.02 (apparent t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.28 (dd, J=13.5, 6.0 Hz, 1H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 18 H 13 F 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.74 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-3,3,6-trimethyl-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-3,3,6-trimethyl-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=177-178° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.03 (dd, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.12 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.85 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.00 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 321 [C 20 H 20 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.15 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 87.5% (AUC), t R =10.04 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=211-213° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.07 (dd, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (apparent dt, J=7.5, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.10-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.98-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.25 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 311 [C 18 H 15 FN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 95.0% (AUC), t R =11.66 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.2% (AUC), t R =17.81 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-3,3a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-3,3a, 5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=259-261° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (br d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (br s, 2H), 7.19 (brs, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.14 (brs, 1H), 4.04-4.03 (br m, 1H), 2.74-2.59 (m, 4H), 2.21 (br s, 2H), 1.76 (br s, 4H); ESI MS m/z 339 [C 19 H 18 N 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =15.91 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 89.1% (AUC), t R =18.50 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=237-239° C. decomposed;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.70 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.13-4.09 (m, 1H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.37-2.30 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 358 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 97.3% (AUC), t R =11.08 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.8% (AUC), t R =17.12 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=151-153° C. decomposed;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.93 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.83 (dd, J=9.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 4.24-4.17 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.31 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 345 [C 20 H 16 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.39 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =20.90 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=254-255° C. decomposed;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.73 (dd, J=15.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=15.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=14.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.24 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 372 [C 23 H 21 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.65 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.0% (AUC), t R =16.10 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Ethyl-7a-hydroxy-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-7,7a-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8(6H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Ethyl-7a-hydroxy-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-7,7a-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8(6H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.85 (dd, J=4.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (dd, J=9.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 1H), 2.85 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.35-2.26 (m, 2H), 1.28 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 92.2% (AUC), t R =2.85 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 46.3% (AUC), t R =18.69 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=242-245° C. decomposed;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.83 (dd, J=7.0, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=15.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=13.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.10 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.22 (m, 5H), 3 protons obscured by solvent; ESI MS m/z 358 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.8% (AUC), t R =2.76 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 94.2% (AUC), t R =16.59 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2-Ethylquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2-Ethylquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=241-242° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.73 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.08 (m, 2H), 2.93 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.32-2.30 (m, 5H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.33 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 386 [C 24 H 23 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 99.0% (AUC), t R =2.86 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 88.2% (AUC), t R =16.96 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2,3-Dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2,3-Dimethylquinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=253-254° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.57 (dd, J=9.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.07 (m, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.28 (m, 5H), 2.24 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 386 [C 24 H 23 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.78 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 88.5% (AUC), t R =17.13 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-((Dimethylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-((Dimethylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.76 (dd, J=9.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.33-8.30 (m, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 2.51-2.24 (m, 14H); ESI MS m/z 415 [C 25 H 26 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.0% (AUC), t R =2.64 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 82.8% (AUC), t R =17.32 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2-((Dimethylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-((Dimethylamino)methyl)quinolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.76 (dd, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.43-8.41 (m, 1H), 8.33-8.30 (m, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 2H), 2.35-2.23 (m, 14H); ESI MS m/z 415 [C 25 H 26 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.8% (AUC), t R =2.77 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 52.4% (AUC), t R =17.67 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=213-214° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.29 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=2.1, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.96 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 333 [C 20 H 16 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.8% (AUC), t R =9.42 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.7% (AUC), t R =17.19 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=229-231° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.27 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.04-4.01 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.26 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 332 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 98.4% (AUC), t R =9.26 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.9% (AUC), t R =17.48 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=216-220° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (dd, J=7.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.25 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 377 [C 19 H 15 F 3 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method D) 98.6% (AUC), t R =9.55 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.30 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Chloro-4-(3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Chloro-4-(3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=215-220° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.65 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J=9.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 4.05-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.27 (apparent s, 2H); ESI MS m/z 352 [C 19 H 14 ClN 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.49 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =18.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=233-235° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.03 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.56-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.31 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 368 [C 16 H 12 F 3 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.32 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.78 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.82 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.87 (m, 4H), 2.47-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.26 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 351 [C 16 H 13 F 3 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 49.5% (AUC), t R =15.24 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(6-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=236-239° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.24 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 4.11-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.25 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 352 [C 19 H 14 ClN 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method D) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.20 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.5% (AUC), t R =16.89 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=232-234° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.91-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J=2.1, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.21 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.05 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 387 [C 20 H 13 F 3 N203+H] + ; HPLC (Method E) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.56 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.72 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.17 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.92 (dd, J=8.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=6.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.25 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 378 [C 18 H 14 F 3 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 93.3% (AUC), t R =9.81 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 47.7% (AUC), t R =12.01 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=204-207° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.12 (dd, J=7.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (dd, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.99 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.26 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 381 [C 18 H 12 ClF 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.9% (AUC), t R =10.34 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 93.0% (AUC), t R =12.86 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=217-220° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.94 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.91 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 325 [C 19 H 17 FN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 95.9% (AUC), t R =12.90 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.5% (AUC), t R =13.82 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=220-222° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.96 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.23 (apparent s, 2H); ESI MS m/z 341 [C 19 H 17 FN 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.57 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =16.69 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-6-fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-6-fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=213-215° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.37 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.1, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.09-3.92 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 359 [C 19 H 16 ClFN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.59 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.6% (AUC), t R =12.35 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=229-231° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.25 (dd, J=8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 4.07-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.27 (apparent s, 2H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 20 H 16 FN 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.8% (AUC), t R =9.58 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.1% (AUC), t R =16.29 min. 
     Preparation of provide (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-4-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=233-235° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.33 (dd, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.93-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.46 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.06 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.28 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 372 [C 19 H 12 F 3 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.66 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.3% (AUC), t R =16.42 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=182-183° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.96 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.08-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 341 [C 19 H 17 FN 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.53 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.78 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-6-fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-6-fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a brown-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=211-214° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=2.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.02 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.26 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 351 [C 20 H 15 FN 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.89 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =17.52 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(m-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(m-tolyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=201-203° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.92 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.93 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.28 (apparent d, J=1.0 Hz, 3H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 325 [C 19 H 17 FN 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.80 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.23 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.31 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (broad s, 1H), 4.07-4.03 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.27 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 336 [C 19 H 14 FN 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.24 min; Chiral SFC (Chiralcel OJ-H, Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =5.29 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6,7-Dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6,7-Dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=202-204° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.05 (dd, J=8.7, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.20 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.96 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.22 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 17 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.4% (AUC), t R =9.10 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.93 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-phenyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-phenyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=205-209° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.08 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.96 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.38-2.29 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 361 [C 19 H 15 F 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 98.3% (AUC), t R =9.29 min; Chiral SFC (Chiralcel OJ, Method A) 91.3% (AUC), t R =4.16 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.92 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.28 (m, 4H); ESI MS m/z 332 [C 16 H 14 FN 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.16 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.6% (AUC), t R =13.72 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzofuran-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzofuran-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=203-205° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.12 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.95 (m, 1H), 2.46 (apparent d, J=1.0 Hz, 3H), 2.28-2.26 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 365 [C 21 H 17 FN 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.12 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.8% (AUC), t R =15.34 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=211-215° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.13 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=6.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.23 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 342 [C 18 H 16 FN 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.95 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.7% (AUC), t R =14.01 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=234-238° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 3.92-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.83-3.81 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.25 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 315 [C 16 H 15 FN 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =7.31 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 98.3% (AUC), t R =16.79 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=210-215° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.37 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.96 (dd, J=5.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J=4.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.09-3.99 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 4H); ESI MS m/z 317 [C 16 H 13 FN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.89 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.7% (AUC), t R =15.19 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=247-248° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.19 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dd, J=8.5, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.12 (apparent t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.36-2.30 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 335 [C 19 H 14 N 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.70 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =21.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=212-217° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.28 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J=8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.41 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.13-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.26 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 409 [C 20 H 16 ClF 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.44 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.82 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange-yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=202-205° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.12-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.96 (apparent t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H) 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.23 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 375 [C 20 H 17 F 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), =14.19 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =10.94 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(m-tolyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(m-tolyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=181-185° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.33 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.98 (apparent t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 375 [C 20 H 17 F 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.63 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.40 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=185-188° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.95 (dd, J=7.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J=7.0, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.10-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.94 (apparent t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.23 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 391 [C 20 H 17 F 3 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.83 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.62 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-5-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-7a-hydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-5-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-7a-hydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=210-212° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.25 (apparent d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.11-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.99 (apparent t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 2H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 347 [C 17 H 15 ClN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.74 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =16.62 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.15 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 4.03-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.23 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 392 [C 19 H 16 F 3 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.12 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 69.1% (AUC), t R =11.35 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=225-228° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.33 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 4.11-4.06 (m, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.43-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 386 [C 20 H 14 F 3 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =15.95 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 45.6% (AUC), t R =16.30 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4-(7a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-8-oxo-6,7,7a,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-5-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4-(7a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-8-oxo-6,7,7a,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-5-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile was prepared as a yellow-brown solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=223-224° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.19 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.90 (apparent d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.05 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 338 [C 18 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.67 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.3% (AUC), t R =19.63 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-5-(3-Bromophenyl)-7a-hydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-5-(3-Bromophenyl)-7a-hydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=193-197° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J=7.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.38 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.90 (apparent d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.16-3.98 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.14 (m, 2H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 377 [C 16 H 13 BrN 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) 97.4% (AUC), t R =8.27 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =16.25 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=223-226° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.13 (apparent dt, J=9.0, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.50 (apparent dt, J=9.0, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 4.11-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.99 (apparent t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.24 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 395 [C 19 H 14 ClF 3 N 2 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =15.90 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.18 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a bright orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=206-209° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.97 (apparent dd, J=2.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.06 (apparent t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 401 [C 21 H 15 F 3 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =8.96 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =14.11 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[c/]oxazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.44 (apparent d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.98 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.26 (m, 5H), 2.22 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 362 [C 21 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =7.83 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 84.2% (AUC), t R =23.32 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-2-Chloro-4-(7a-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-oxo-6,7,7a,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-2-Chloro-4-(7a-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-oxo-6,7,7a,8-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=247-250° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.55 (apparent d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.95 (apparent d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.08 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.19 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 358 [C 17 H 12 ClN 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =9.82 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 77.2% (AUC), t R =20.56 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=247-249° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.86 (dd, J=4.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.88 (apparent d, J=0.5 Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.17 (apparent t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.27 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method B) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =7.18 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.5% (AUC), t R =21.48 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-6-fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-6-fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=130-133° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.33 (s, 1H), 8.90 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.07 (apparent t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.27 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 368 [C 19 H 14 FN 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.76 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 75.2% (AUC), t R =20.73 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.84 (dd, J=4.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.76 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.14 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.31 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 362 [C 21 H 16 FN 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.21 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 58.8% (AUC), t R =19.16 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[c/]oxazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-Fluoro-3a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.42 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.01 (apparent t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.26 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 366 [C 20 H 16 FN 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.02 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 72.8% (AUC), t R =20.60 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=258-260° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.87 (dd, J=3.9, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.73 (dd, J=9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.4, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.17-1.98 (m, 1H); ESI MS m/z 398 [C 21 H 14 F 3 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.48 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 49.1% (AUC), t R =16.74 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.23 (m, 1H), 4.12 (apparent t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.31 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 404 [C 19 H 12 F 3 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.22 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 50.0% (AUC), t R =16.78 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(quinazolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(quinazolin-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=275-276° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.61 (s, 1H), 9.23 (s, 1H), 9.04 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 359 [C 21 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.18 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 70.8% (AUC), t R =20.49 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.97-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.07 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 352 [C 16 H 12 F 3 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method F) 98.2% (AUC), t R =15.70 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method B) 59.1% (AUC), t R =12.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Cinnolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Cinnolin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=274-276° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.28 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 9.03 (dd, J=9.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (dd, J=5.0, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 8.17 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.32 (m, 5H), 2.26 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 359 [C 21 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.43 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 54.2% (AUC), t R =16.90 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxyquinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxyquinolin-6-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=233-237° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.65 (dd, J=9.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.29 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 388 [C 23 H 21 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 95.9% (AUC), t R =14.47 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 78.1% (AUC), t R =18.25 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxyquinolin-6-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxyquinolin-6-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=230-234° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.62 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.30 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 374 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.28 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 71.5% (AUC), t R =17.22 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.03 (m, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 366 [C 17 H 14 F 3 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.3% (AUC), t R =18.85 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 49.5% (AUC), t R =15.32 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(3-methylbenzo[c/]isoxazol-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(3-methylbenzo[d]isoxazol-6-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=249-251° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.62 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.29 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 348 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.92 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 68.8% (AUC), t R =19.68 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=242-243° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (dd, J=8.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.56 (dd, J=2.0, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.05 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.28 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 333 [C 19 H 16 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 95.5% (AUC), t R =2.80 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 74.1% (AUC), t R =21.26 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=215-219° C. dec.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.26 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.08-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.96 (apparent t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.25 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 333 [C 19 H 16 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.40 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 84.0% (AUC), t R =20.09 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=260-262° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.57 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.15 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.28 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.30 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 62.6% (AUC), t R =17.28 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=255-257° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.42 (dd, J=4.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=7.8, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.33 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.71 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 61.0% (AUC), t R =19.64 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=261-264° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.70 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (dd, J=7.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.08-3.99 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.26 (apparent s, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 20 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.7% (AUC), t R =3.02 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 67.3% (AUC), t R =18.70 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=237-241° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.32 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.97 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.07 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.28 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.16 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 85.0% (AUC), t R =18.22 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[c/]thiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=233-235° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.75 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J=9.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.02 (m, 2H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.29 (apparent s, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 378 [C 21 H 19 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.9% (AUC), t R =3.19 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 84.9% (AUC), t R =21.69 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-6-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)quinoline-2-carbonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-6-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)quinoline-2-carbonitrile was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=272-274° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.04 (dd, J=9.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.14 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.31 (m, 5H), 2.25 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 383 [C 23 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.46 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 89.5% (AUC), t R =21.66 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.10 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.74-8.64 (m, 2H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.31 (apparent s, 5H), 2.25 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 365 [C 19 H 16 N 4 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.2% (AUC), t R =3.36 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 50.7% (AUC), t R =18.41 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a red-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.57 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.73 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.30 (apparent s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.20 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 364 [C 21 H 21 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 96.7% (AUC), t R =3.16 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 71.1% (AUC), t R =23.14 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=265-267° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.38 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J=6.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.04-3.94 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.21 (apparent s, 4H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 322 [C 19 H 19 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 95.1% (AUC), t R =3.17 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 50.8% (AUC), t R =14.81 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=213-216° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.74 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (dd, J=9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.09-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.26 (m, 5H), 2.21 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 338 [C 19 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.97 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 82.7% (AUC), t R =15.44 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(5-Chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(5-Chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=242-245° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.10 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 5.24 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (apparent t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 4.12-4.03 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 372 [C 19 H 18 ClN 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =2.98 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 62.9% (AUC), t R =17.17 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-(methylamino)pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-(methylamino)pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.93 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.61-6.40 (m, 1H), 3.92 (apparent t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.79 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 337 [C 19 H 20 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 95.5% (AUC), t R =3.22 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 70.0% (AUC), t R =18.22 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-methoxy-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-methoxy-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=195-199° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.65 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.07-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 2.26 (apparent s, 5H), 2.21 (s, 6H); ESI MS m/z 352 [C 20 H 21 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.26 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 81.1% (AUC), t R =13.45 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=218-222° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.07 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 5.02 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.09-3.98 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.28 (apparent s, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 352 [C 20 H 21 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.3% (AUC), t R =2.89 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 74.8% (AUC), t R =18.63 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-5-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-5-(3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-1-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=249-253° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.41 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.05 (apparent t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.27 (m, 5H), 2.25 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 347 [C 20 H 18 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 95.0% (AUC), t R =3.91 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 40.3% (AUC), t R =17.33 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-7a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-7a-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-8-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 3: mp=244-247° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.61 (dd, J=9.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.12 (m, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.25 (m, 2H), 3H obscured by solvent peak; ESI MS m/z 364 [C 20 H 17 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.8% (AUC), t R =2.47 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 91.2% (AUC), t R =19.24 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2-Ethylpyridin-4-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2-Ethylpyridin-4-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=269-270° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.41 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=5.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.04-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.76 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.24 (m, 5H), 1.26 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 336 [C 20 H 21 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.31 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 65.4% (AUC), t R =13.92 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2-Ethylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2-Ethylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=232-235° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.73 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (dd, J=9.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.15 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.40 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); ESI MS m/z 392 [C 22 H 21 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.45 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.2% (AUC), t R =22.48 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-isopropylbenzo[c/]thiazol-5-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-isopropylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.71 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (dd, J=8.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.29 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 406 [C 23 H 23 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.72 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.4% (AUC), t R =20.82 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=243-248° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 9.00 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.06-3.91 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 5H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.76 (m, 4H); ESI MS m/z 362 [C 22 H 23 N 3 O 2 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.23 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 97.5% (AUC), t R =15.36 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=213-217° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.80 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J=9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.26 (m, 4H), 4.00-3.85 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 5H), 2.21 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 365 [C 21 H 20 N 2 O 4 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =3.26 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.9% (AUC), t R =22.57 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6:  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.46 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 5H); ESI MS m/z 380 [C 21 H 21 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 98.5% (AUC), t R =3.50 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 95.3% (AUC), t R =22.99 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=229-230° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.14 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=6.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.92 (m, 4H), 2.50 (dd, J=14.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.36-2.27 (m, 4H), OH proton is missing; ESI MS m/z 324 [C 18 H 17 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 95.0% (AUC), t R =12.46 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 48.1% (AUC), t R =15.26 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Schemes: mp=217-218° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 8.74 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (dd, J=8.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.03 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.28 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 349 [C 20 H 16 N 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.99 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =17.48 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 5: mp=215-216° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.50 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (dd, J=8.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.02 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.29 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 349 [C 20 H 16 N 2 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =13.35 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 96.3% (AUC), t R =21.69 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as an orange-yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 4: mp=224-225° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.83 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=8.9, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.06 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.27 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =11.40 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =26.92 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzofuran-5-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzofuran-5-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 5: mp=191-192° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.14 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (dd, J=9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.62 (apparent t, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.94 (m, 1H), 2.46 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 3H), 2.26-2.25 (m, 5H), 2.21 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 361 [C 22 H 20 N 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method A) 96.6% (AUC), t R =13.64 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 81.8% (AUC), t R =17.48 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=225-226° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.88 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (dd, J=9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=8.2, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.13 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.04 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.29 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 350 [C 19 H 15 N 3 O 2 S+H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 97.0% (AUC), t R =11.57 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =23.11 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-4a-Hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4(1H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-4a-Hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridin-4(1H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 2: mp=244-245° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.01 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.23 (apparent t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.14 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 283 [C 15 H 14 N 4 O 2 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =12.99 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) &gt;99% (AUC), t R =22.19 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-1-(3-Chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=199-200° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.40 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 5.34 (apparent t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.95 (m, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.24 (m, 2H); ESI MS m/z 357 [C 19 H 17 ClN 2 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 98.9% (AUC), t R =11.91 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 92.4% (AUC), t R =20.92 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[c/]oxazol-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-1-(2-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=205-209° C.;  1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.66 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J=8.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.99 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.25 (m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H); ESI MS m/z 362 [C 21 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; HPLC (Method C) 90.8% (AUC), t R =12.58 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 79.2% (AUC), t R =18.93 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)quinolin-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=223-224° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.75 (dd, J=9.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 5.55 (apparent t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.19-4.12 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.27 (m, 5H); ESI MS m/z 374 [C 22 H 19 N 3 O 3 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 97.9% (AUC), t R =2.47 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 91.6% (AUC), t R =19.66 min. 
     Preparation of (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)benzofuran-5-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     (S)-3a-Hydroxy-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)benzofuran-5-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4(2H)-one was prepared as a yellow-orange solid according to Synthetic Scheme 6: mp=210-211° C.;  1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.21 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J=9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 5.52-5.48 (m, 1H), 4.58 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 4.17-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.94 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.22 (m, 8H); ESI MS m/z 377 [C 22 H 20 N 2 O 4 +H] + ; UPLC (Method A) 97.4% (AUC), t R =3.05 min; Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak AD, Method A) 64.2% (AUC), t R =24.05 min. 
     All patents and publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference herein to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     DOCUMENTS CITED 
     
         
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