Patent Publication Number: US-10761335-B2

Title: Lighting device with optical lens for beam shaping and refractive segments

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/379,044, filed Apr. 9, 2019, titled “LIGHTING DEVICE WITH OPTICAL LENS FOR BEAM SHAPING AND REFRACTIVE SEGMENTS,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/379,044 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/924,868, filed on Mar. 19, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,267,486, issued Apr. 23, 2019, titled “LIGHTING DEVICE WITH OPTICAL LENS FOR BEAM SHAPING AND ILLUMINATION LIGHT SOURCE MATRIX,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/924,868 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/914,619, filed on Mar. 7, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,136,490, issued Nov. 20, 2018, titled “LIGHTING DEVICE WITH OPTICAL LENS AND BEAM PATTERN ADJUSTMENT USING THE OPTICAL LENS WITH DRIVING TECHNIQUES,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/914,619 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/868,624, filed on Jan. 11, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,190,746, issued Jan. 29, 2019, titled “OPTICAL LENS FOR BEAM SHAPING AND STEERING AND DEVICES USING THE OPTICAL LENS,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present subject matter relates to a lighting device, e.g., a luminaire for illumination lighting, a combined luminaire and display, or one or more optical/electrical transducers, which include an optical lens, and adjustment of a beam input or output pattern of light passing through the optical lens with techniques for driving the one or more optical/electrical transducers. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Typical luminaires output illumination lighting at one beam angle. If changes to the output light pattern of the illumination lighting are desired, e.g., in a restaurant, the luminaire can be modified mechanically, which necessitates human labor and costs associated therewith. Some luminaires in the marketplace claim to provide different beam angles, but sacrifice optical efficiency (e.g., by blocking the light), or have a very large format size. For example, a two lens system can change the relative distance of the two lenses, which changes the total focus of the system, as a result the beam shape can change. Illumination lighting luminaires also exist with electrically controllable beam shaping and steering optical systems, but costs of such systems can be very high and have reliability problems. 
     There is also no luminaire product in the market which combines a low cost, reliable beam shapeable and steerable luminaire together with a display. While several ways to combine a luminaire and a display together exist, e.g. put the luminaire underneath the transparent display, the transparent display can be costly and have a low transparency, which leads to low optical efficiency of the whole system. For example, a state of the art transparent organic light emitting diode (LED) display has about a 40% transparency, which greatly decreases the optical efficiency of any illuminating lighting underneath. Some of these combined luminaire and display type devices introduce light scattering for the incident light coming from an illumination lighting board. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawing figures depict one or more implementations, by way of example only, not by way of limitations. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements. 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a lighting device, including a circuit board with multiple illumination light sources and an optical lens positioned over the illumination light sources on the circuit board. 
         FIG. 2  is an isometric view of an optical lens with an elongated rectangular shape with an illumination light source matrix disposed inside the optical lens. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of an optical lens like shown in either of  FIGS. 1-2  and traces of light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source steered or shaped through the surfaces. 
         FIG. 4  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1-2  and traces of light rays emitted by an outer illumination light source steered or shaped through the surfaces. 
         FIG. 5A  is a schematic of a total internal reflection (TIR) lens with a middle illumination light source disposed inside the TIR lens and traces of light rays emitted by the middle illumination light source disposed inside the TIR lens. 
         FIG. 5B  is a schematic of the TIR lens of  FIG. 5A  with an outer illumination light source disposed inside the TIR lens and traces of light rays emitted by the outer illumination light source disposed inside the TIR lens. 
         FIG. 5C  is a schematic of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1-2  with middle and outer illumination light sources disposed inside the optical lens and traces of light rays emitted by the middle and outer illumination light sources disposed inside the optical lens. 
         FIG. 6  is a bottom isometric view of the optical lens of  FIG. 1  depicting an output lateral portion, an input peripheral portion, an input central portion, and a base with attached legs and feet. 
         FIG. 7  is a top isometric view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1 and 6 . 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIG. 3 , but illustrating light rays steered to a middle optical-to-electrical transducer through the surfaces to produce an electrical signal. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIG. 4 , but illustrating light rays received by an outer optical-to-electrical transducer through the surfaces to produce an electrical signal. 
         FIG. 10  is a functional block diagram of an example of a system in which a luminaire includes a lighting device that includes general illumination and image display and a coupled optical lens array. 
         FIG. 11  is a plan view of a light emitting diode (LED) circuit board layout including both a matrix of integral red (R), green (G), blue (B) LED devices for image display light generation and a matrix of higher intensity white (W) LEDs for generating controllable illumination light output for a general lighting application for coupling to an optical lens. 
         FIG. 12  is an enlarged view of a section of the LED circuit board of the lighting device of  FIG. 11 , corresponding to the dashed circle A-A in  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 13  is an end view of the lighting device of  FIG. 11  in combination with a diffuser. 
         FIG. 14  is a simplified functional block diagram of a system combining an optical lens like that described with an optical-to-electrical transducer or an electrical-to-optical transducer and associated circuitry. 
         FIG. 15  is a simplified functional block diagram of a system combining an optical lens array like that of  FIG. 14  with one or more transducers and associated circuitry. 
         FIG. 16  is a top view of a circuit board with an illumination light source matrix configured to be positioned underneath an elongated rectangular shaped optical lens like that shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 17A  is a spatial plot of a beam pattern achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having an optical lens, in which an illumination light source driver only fully turns on a middle illumination light source. 
         FIG. 17B  is a candela distribution plot of the beam pattern of  FIG. 17A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup and selective control of the illumination light source driver as  FIG. 17A . 
         FIG. 18A  is another beam pattern achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having an optical lens, in which the illumination light source driver dims the left outer illumination light source, fully turns on the middle illumination light source, and dims the right outer middle illumination light source. 
         FIG. 18B  is a candela distribution plot of the beam pattern of  FIG. 18A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup without a diffuser and selective control of the illumination light source driver as  FIG. 18A . 
         FIG. 19A  is another spatial plot of a beam pattern achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having an optical lens, in which the illumination light source driver only fully turns on a left outer illumination light source. 
         FIG. 19B  is a candela distribution plot of the beam pattern of  FIG. 19A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup without a diffuser and selective control of the illumination light source driver as  FIG. 19A . 
         FIG. 20A  is a spatial plot of a beam pattern achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire with a 20° diffuser and an optical lens, in which the illumination light source driver only fully turns on a middle illumination light source. 
         FIG. 20B  is a candela distribution plot of the of the beam pattern of  FIG. 20A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup with a 20° diffuser and selective control of the illumination light source driver of  FIG. 20A . 
         FIG. 21A  is another spatial plot of a beam pattern achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire with a 20° diffuser and an optical lens, in which the illumination light source driver dims the left outer illumination light source, fully turns on the middle illumination light source, and dims the right outer middle illumination light source. 
         FIG. 21B  is a candela distribution plot beam pattern of  FIG. 21A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup with a 20° diffuser and selective control of the illumination light source driver of  FIG. 21A . 
         FIG. 22A  is another spatial plot of a beam pattern achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire with a 20° diffuser and an optical lens, in which the illumination light source driver only fully turns on a left outer illumination light source. 
         FIG. 22B  is a candela distribution plot of the beam pattern of  FIG. 22A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup with a 20° diffuser and selective control of the illumination light source driver of  FIG. 22A . 
         FIG. 23  is a light intensity plot over various beam angles of the outputted beam patterns corresponding to  FIGS. 17A-B ,  18 A-B, and  19 A-B. 
         FIG. 24  is a light intensity plot over various beam angles of the outputted beam patterns corresponding to  FIGS. 20A-B ,  21 A-B, and  22 A-B. 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective view of a lighting device, including another circular or oval shaped optical lens somewhat like that shown in  FIG. 1  positioned over an illumination light source matrix. 
         FIG. 26  is an isometric view of the optical lens of  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 27  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 28  is a top view of an illumination light source matrix, which includes inner and outer illumination light source matrices, configured to be positioned underneath the circular or oval shaped optical lens like that shown in  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 29  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIG. 25  and traces of light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source of the inner illumination light source matrix shaped or steered through the surfaces. 
         FIG. 30  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIG. 25  and traces of light rays emitted by an outer illumination light source of the outer illumination light source matrix shaped or steered through the surfaces. 
         FIG. 31  is a candela distribution plot achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having the optical lens of  FIG. 25 , in which the illumination light source driver only fully turns on all of the middle illumination light sources of the inner illumination light source matrix. 
         FIG. 32  is a candela distribution plot achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having the optical lens of  FIG. 25 , in which the illumination light source driver only fully turns on all outer illumination light sources of the outer illumination light source matrix. 
         FIG. 33  is a candela distribution plot achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having the optical lens of  FIG. 25 , in which the illumination light source driver only fully turns on a single outer illumination light source of the outer illumination light source matrix. 
         FIG. 34A  is a cross-sectional view of a circular or oval shaped optical lens somewhat like that shown in  FIG. 1  having an input peripheral portion that includes a plurality of input peripheral segments. 
         FIG. 34B  is an isometric view of the optical lens of  FIG. 34A . 
         FIG. 34C  is a perspective view of a lighting device, including a circuit board with illumination light sources and the optical lens of  FIGS. 34A-B  positioned over the illumination light sources on the circuit board. 
         FIG. 35A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIG. 34A-C  and traces of light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source of an inner illumination light source matrix shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments. 
         FIG. 35B  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 34A-C  and traces of light rays emitted by an outer illumination light source of the outer illumination light source matrix shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments. 
         FIG. 36A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIGS. 34A-C , but illustrating light rays steered to a middle optical-to-electrical transducer through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments, to produce an electrical signal. 
         FIG. 36B  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIGS. 34A-C , but illustrating light rays received by an outer optical-to-electrical transducer through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments, to produce an electrical signal. 
         FIG. 37A  is a perspective view of another circular or oval shaped optical lens somewhat like that shown in  FIGS. 34A-C , which has multi-faceted segments. 
         FIG. 37B  is an isometric view of the optical lens of  FIG. 37A . 
         FIG. 37C  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIGS. 37A-B , but configured to be positioned over optical-to-electrical transducers on a circuit board. 
         FIG. 38A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 37A-B  and traces of light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source of an inner illumination light source matrix shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments. 
         FIG. 38B  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 37A-B  and traces of light rays emitted by an outer illumination light source of the outer illumination light source matrix shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments. 
         FIG. 39A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIG. 37C , but illustrating light rays steered to a middle optical-to-electrical transducer through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments, to produce an electrical signal. 
         FIG. 39B  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIG. 37C , but illustrating light rays received by an outer optical-to-electrical transducer through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments, to produce an electrical signal. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings. 
     In order to address the cost, reliability, efficiency, manufacturing issues of a beam shapeable and steerable luminaire, a passive optical lens is utilized. There may be no moving parts in the whole system, for example, just by turning on illumination light sources (e.g., light emitting diodes) at different location underneath the passive optical lens, beam shaping and steering can be achieved. By applying this passive optical lens to a coplanar lighting and display circuit board, with a diffuser on top of the passive optical lens, for example, a low cost, high efficiency, and easily manufactured lighting device that combines a luminaire with beam shaping, steering, and a display is achieved. The coplanar circuit board can include various illumination light sources for space lighting and pixel light emitters to display an image. 
     The size of the passive optical lens can vary, if the passive optical lens is too large, then lighting emitted by pixel light emitters forming the display may be blocked, which distorts the displayed image. A miniature sized passive optical lens can be utilized to avoid large distortion of the displayed image, but that is still large enough to cover multiple illumination light sources for beam shaping and steering. The passive optical lens can be designed to fulfill both the illumination and display functions. 
     The passive optical lens and associated light sources may be used in luminaires, per se, although several examples disclosed herein relate to luminaires that offer both general illumination capabilities and controllable image display capabilities and systems that include such luminaires. In one example, a low cost, reliable, high efficiency, and easily manufactured and assembled luminaire that can provide beam steering and shaping function is provided. In another example, a low cost, high efficiency combined luminaire and display device with beam shaping and steering is needed. 
     Such a luminaire, for example, may enable either lighting with an adjustable distribution, or a display showing a user selected image in a display state, by using the lighting component that is transparent and co-planar or placed over the image-light output of a full color display. 
     The term “luminaire,” as used herein, is intended to encompass essentially any type of device that processes energy to generate or supply artificial light, for example, for general illumination of a space intended for use of occupancy or observation, typically by a living organism that can take advantage of or be affected in some desired manner by the light emitted from the device. However, a luminaire may provide light for use by automated equipment, such as sensors/monitors, robots, etc. that may occupy or observe the illuminated space, instead of or in addition to light provided for an organism. However, it is also possible that one or more luminaires in or on a particular premises have other lighting purposes, such as signage for an entrance or to indicate an exit. In most examples, the luminaire(s) illuminate a space or area of a premises to a level useful for a human in or passing through the space, e.g., of sufficient intensity for general illumination of a room or corridor in a building or of an outdoor space such as a street, sidewalk, parking lot or performance venue. The actual source of illumination light in or supplying the light for a luminaire may be any type of artificial light emitting device, several examples of which are included in the discussions below. 
     Terms such as “artificial lighting” or “illumination lighting” as used herein, are intended to encompass essentially any type of lighting that a device produces light by processing of electrical power to generate the light. A luminaire for an artificial lighting or illumination lighting application, for example, may take the form of a lamp, light fixture, or other luminaire arrangement that incorporates a suitable light source, where the lighting device component or source(s) by itself contains no intelligence or communication capability. The illumination light output of an artificial illumination type luminaire, for example, may have an intensity and/or other characteristic(s) that satisfy an industry acceptable performance standard for a general lighting application. 
     The luminaires discussed by way of example in further detail below support both artificial lighting for general illumination applications and controllable display capabilities. For that purpose, such a luminaire includes a general illumination device and a display for generating light forming an image output. The general illumination device includes illumination light source emitters of illumination light within the luminaire. The display or at least a portion/element thereof is transmissive or sufficiently transparent to enable illumination from the illumination light source emitters of the general illumination device to pass through so that illumination light output emerges from the same output surface as display image light output from the luminaire. The passive optical lens and group of light sources, however, are applicable to luminaire configurations that omit the display elements. 
     The term “coupled” as used herein refers to any logical, optical, physical or electrical connection, link or the like by which signals or light produced or supplied by one system element are imparted to another coupled element. Unless described otherwise, coupled elements or devices are not necessarily directly connected to one another and may be separated by intermediate components, elements or communication media that may modify, manipulate or carry the light or signals. 
     Light output from the luminaire may carry information, such as a code (e.g. to identify the luminaire or its location) or downstream transmission of communication signaling and/or user data. The light based data transmission may involve modulation or otherwise adjusting parameters (e.g. intensity, color characteristic or distribution) of the illumination light out or an aspect (e.g. modulation of backlighting and/or adding a detectable code to portion of a displayed image) of the light output from the display device. 
     The orientations of the lighting device, luminaire, associated components and/or any complete devices incorporating a passive optical lens such as shown in any of the drawings, are given by way of example only, for illustration and discussion purposes. In operation for a particular variable optical processing application, the lighting device and passive optical lens may be oriented in any other direction suitable to the particular application of the lighting device and the passive optical lens, for example up light or side light or any other orientation. Also, to the extent used herein, any directional term, such as lateral, longitudinal, left, right, up, down, upper, lower, top, bottom, and side, are used by way of example only, and are not limiting as to direction or orientation of any optic or component of an optic constructed as otherwise described herein. 
     Reference now is made in detail to the examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings and discussed below. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a lighting device  100 , including a circuit board  110  with multiple general illumination light sources (ILS)  115 A-D and an optical lens  105 . By controlling which of the multiple illumination light sources  115 A-D are turned off, on, or dimmed, the optical lens  105  of the lighting device  100  can beam shape. The optical lens  105  is a freeform lens with multiple surfaces of different shapes that can exhibit refractive behavior, or total internal reflection (TIR) that is variable. The optical lens  105  can take multiple illumination light source  115 A-D coupled at different locations to an input surface  130  of the optical lens  105  and direct or shape illumination lighting from the different illumination light sources  115 A-D into different beam patterns, for example. 
     The illumination light sources  115 A-D are electrical transducers to convert an electrical signal into light output, in other words, transform electrical power into light. As explained in more detail in  FIGS. 8-9 , the optical lens  105  can also be utilized with an optical transducer, such as a photo sensor or a photovoltaic device. The illumination light sources  115 A-D can be a white light source, but in many applications the illumination light sources  115 A-D can be color controllable (e.g., red, green, and blue). The number of illumination light sources  115 A-D in the lighting device  100  can be more or less than that shown. The lighting device  100  may also include multiple pixel light emitters  120 A-C to form an image display. Although only 3 pixel light emitters  120 A-C are shown in  FIG. 1 , it should be understood that many hundreds or thousands of pixel light emitters can be arranged in rows and columns to form a matrix of the display. In other examples, the lighting device  100  may not include a display element and does not have pixel light emitters  120 A-C. Returning to the example, the multiple pixel light emitters  120 A-C are located on the circuit board  110  and are co-planar with the multiple illumination light sources  115 A-D in the lighting device  100 , but disposed outside of the optical lens  105  so as to not be covered by the input surface  130 . The circuit board  110  can be a flexible or rigid type printed circuit board with both illumination light sources  115 A-D and pixel light emitters  120 A-C disposed thereon, or in some examples, just illumination light sources  115 A-D or pixel light emitters  120 A-C are disposed on the circuit board  110 . In some examples, the pixel light emitters  120 A-C are disposed on a separate display lighting board and the circuit board that the illumination light sources  115 A-D are disposed on is an illumination lighting board. The display lighting board and the illumination lighting board are optically coupled. Hence, the illumination light sources  115 A-D may not be co-planar with the pixel light emitters  120 A-C, but still co-located with the illumination light sources emitters  115 A-D in the lighting device  100 . 
     Various types of illumination light sources  115 A-D may be used, such as one or more organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs); one or more micro LEDs; one or more nanorod or nanowire LEDs; at least one fluorescent lamp; or at least one halogen lamp. In some examples, the optical lens  105  can be utilized to steer or shape outputted light from optical fiber instead of illumination light sources  115 A-D. In an example, illumination light source emitters  115   x  include a number of layers forming one or more actual OLEDs (e.g., a stack including multiple emissive, anode, cathode, and transport layers. The pixel light emitters  120 A-C can be made of the same light sources as illumination light sources  115 A-D (e.g., LEDs) and are arranged in an array on the circuit board  110  to form an image display device. Each pixel light emitter  120 A-C is controllable to emit light for a respective pixel of a displayed image. 
     In an example, a luminaire incorporates the lighting device  100  of  FIG. 1 . The multiple pixel light emitters  120 A-C forming the display and the general illumination light sources  115 A-D include respective light emission matrices co-located in the lighting device  100 . The general illumination light sources  115 A-D and the pixel light emitters  120 A-C forming the display are configured such that, at an output of the luminaire, available output regions of the light emission matrices at least substantially overlap. In specific examples, the overlap extends across the entire output of the luminaire, so that each matrix of emitters can output respective display or general illumination light via all of the luminaire output or via any one or more smaller areas or portions of the luminaire output. A diffuser can be incorporated into the luminaire to reduce distortion of the display device and provide color integration to smooth the illumination beam patterns. 
     The optical lens  105  of the lighting device  100  can be utilized in a luminaire that includes both general illumination light sources and transparent displays. Examples of such luminaires with both general illumination light sources and transparent displays which use light emission matrices to emit output light of images suitable for application in the software configurable lighting devices are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/198,712, filed Jun. 30, 2016, entitled “Enhancements of a Transparent Display to Form a Software Configurable Luminaires” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/211,272, filed Jul. 15, 2016, entitled “Multi-Processor System and Operations to Drive Display and Lighting Functions of a Software Configurable Luminaires” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/467,333 filed Mar. 23, 2017, entitled “Simultaneous Display and Lighting;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/468,626, filed Mar. 24, 2017 entitled “Simultaneous Wide Lighting Distribution and Display;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/357,143, filed Nov. 21, 2016, entitled “Interlaced Data Architecture for a Software Configurable Luminaires” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/095,192, filed Apr. 11, 2016, entitled “Luminaire Utilizing a Transparent Organic Light Emitting Device Display;” and U.S. patent Ser. No. 15/611,349, filed Jun. 1, 2017, entitled “Illumination And Display Control Strategies, To Mitigate Interference Of Illumination Light Output With Displayed Image Light Output,” the entire contents all of which are incorporated herein by reference. These incorporated applications also disclose a variety of implementations of a general illumination light source including a second light emission matrix co-located with an emission matrix of a transparent display. 
     These incorporated applications also disclose an electrowetting lens or cell or other controllable optics for beam shaping and steering of the illumination light sources. It should be understood that the optical lens  105  can be used in lieu of the electrowetting lens or cell and other controllable optics disclosed in these incorporated applications. 
     In the example, the optical lens  105  is an optical lens positioned over the illumination light sources  115 A-D to cover the illumination light sources  115 A-D. As shown, the illumination light sources  115 A-D are disposed on the circuit board  110  and covered by the optical lens  105 , particularly the input surface  130 . The optical lens  105  may be formed of a solid material that can be light transmissive. In order to show the illumination light sources  115 A-D under the optical lens  105 , only half of the optical lens  105  is visible in  FIG. 1 . However, it should be understood that the remaining half of the optical lens  105  which is not visible in  FIG. 1  is a mirror image of the visible portion of the optical lens  105  as further shown in  FIGS. 6-7 . 
     Multiple illumination light sources  115 A-D are disposed on the circuit board  110 , specifically a middle illumination light source  115 A, left outer illumination light source  115 B, right outer illumination light source  115 D, top outer illumination light source  115 C, and a fifth bottom outer illumination light source  115 E (not shown). This is just one example and the number and layout of the illumination light sources  115 A-D can vary depending on the application. In the example of  FIG. 1 , there are actually five total illumination light sources  115 A-D. However, the fifth bottom outer illumination light source is not visible  115 E. In the depicted example lighting device  100 , three sides of a middle illumination light source  115 A have an outer illumination light source  115 B-D adjacent to that side to form a cross-like arrangement. 
     While the fifth outer illumination light source is not visible, the fifth illumination light source is a mirror image of outer illumination light source  115 C. Each of the illumination light sources  115 A-D are configured to be driven by electrical power to emit light for illumination lighting. In some examples, the illumination light sources  115 A-D can be patterned OLEDs that form a circular shape. Illumination light sources  115 A-D can also be rotated relative to the circuit board  115  or nine illumination light sources can be located under the optical lens  105  instead of five, for example. The number of the illumination light sources is not limited to 5 and can be any number of illumination light sources that may fit underneath the optical lens  105 . 
     The optical lens  105  is a transmissive optical device that can focus or disperse incoming light beam rays utilizing refraction. Various materials can be used to form the optical lens  105 , such as acrylic, silicone, polycarbonate, glass, plastic, or a combination thereof. Different materials have different refractive indices, hence the geometry of the optical lens  105  can be adjusted depending on the desired optical properties. Typically, the material to form the optical lens  105  is optically clear with respect to the visible light wavelength. The optical lens  105  can be formed of a single piece of transparent material or be a compound lens formed of several lens materials or elements arranged on a common axis. The materials forming the optical lens  105  can be ground, and then molded or extruded to the desired shape and then polished, or injection molded. A diffuser surface can be added to the optical lens  105  to help with color separation. For example, texture can be added to output body portion  161  and output shoulder portion  162  by roughening up those portions to smooth out the light distribution as well as improve color mixing. Or an additional diffuser layer can be added above the optical lens  105  in the lighting device  100  to smooth out the light distribution and reduce color separation. A diffuser eliminates striations in the projection of the illumination lighting to make the illumination lighting relatively smooth and can be utilized in the lighting device  100  even when an image display element (e.g., pixel light emitters  120 A-C) is not included. A separate diffuser can be included in the lighting device  100  for each passive lens  105  (e.g., one diffuser per passive lens  105  to diffuse the illumination lighting from the group of five illumination light sources  115 A-E covered by that passive lens  105 ). In some examples, a separate diffuser can be included in the lighting device  100  for each of the illumination light sources  115 A-D (e.g., one diffuser per illumination light source  115 A-D). Or a single diffuser can be included in the entire lighting device  100  for all of the illumination light sources and passive lenses. 
     Optical lens  105  may have a plurality of aspheric or spheric surfaces. The convex surfaces forming the optical lens  105  can refract the incoming light rays that pass through such that the incoming parallel light rays converge towards each other. As shown, the optical lens  105  includes an input surface  130  and an output surface  150 . The input surface  130  and output surface  150  can each include various surface portions with different shapes, sometimes convex, flat, or concave to achieve different optical distributions and beam angles. The input surface  130  includes an input peripheral portion  140  and an input central portion  135 . The input peripheral portion  140  may form a light source opening  117  in an end of the optical lens  105  to cover and collect light output from the illumination light sources  115 A-D. Whether the entire structure of the illumination light sources  115 A-D are inside the light source opening  117  or just the top surface of the illumination light sources  115 A-D depends on the lighting distribution requirements. 
     In the example, the input peripheral portion  140  extends from the circuit board  110  and curves from a region of the circuit board  110  towards the input central portion  135 . In the circular shaped optical lens  105  example of  FIG. 1 , the input peripheral portion  140  also curves around the illumination light sources  115 A-D. The input central portion  135  curves towards the circuit board  110 . The output surface  150  includes an output lateral portion  155 , an output shoulder portion  162 , and an output body portion  161 . The output lateral portion  155  extends away from the circuit board  110 , curves away from the input peripheral portion  140 , and intersects the output shoulder portion  162 . The output shoulder portion  162  surrounds the output body portion  161 . The output body portion  161  curves outwards from the circuit board  110  and the output shoulder portion  162 . 
     The optical lens  105  is shown in  FIG. 1  with a profile shaped like a half of a circle. Hence, in the example, the whole optical lens  105  is actually circular shaped as further shown in  FIG. 6-7 . The shape of the optical lens  105  can be rectangular as in  FIG. 2 , circular as in  FIG. 1 , elliptical, square, rotated with facets like a polygon, etc. As shown, the optical lens  105  has a light source opening  117  to receive the illumination light sources  115 A-D and the perimeter of the light source opening  117  may generally follow the profile shape of the optical lens  105 . The output shoulder portion  162  is annularly arranged around the output body portion  161 . The input peripheral portion  140  is annularly arranged around the plurality of illumination light sources  115 A-D. The output body portion  161  and the input central portion  135  each can have an aspheric contour and curve in opposing directions. The output shoulder portion  162  can be flat, sloped (e.g., upwards or downwards), or curved (depending on the specific beam distribution requirement) relative to a circumference of the output body portion  161  where the output shoulder portion  162  surrounds the output body portion  161 . 
     In addition to being circular shaped, it should be understood that in some examples the optical lens  105  can be oval shaped. The output shoulder portion  162  is continuously arranged around the output body portion  161 . The input peripheral portion  140  is continuously arranged around the plurality of illumination light sources  115 A-D. 
     The optical lens  105  controls beam shaping and steering from incoming light. For example, incoming light rays for illumination lighting emitted by at least one of the illumination light sources  115 A-D first pass through the input surface  130  where the incoming light rays undergo refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. After passing through the input surface  130 , the refracted incoming light rays then pass through the output surface  150  where the refracted incoming light rays undergo further refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. In one example, the shaping or steering provides for adjusting parameters of the illumination lighting (e.g. intensity, or distribution, direction of the optic, output light pattern, beam shape). The multiple illumination light sources  115 A-D under the optical lens  105  can be selectively turned on/off to control beam shape, for example. 
     Optical lens  105  includes a base  116  at the bottom which is a supporting mechanical structure coupled to the circuit board  110 . Whether the base  116  of the optical lens  105  is on the same level (e.g., plane) as the illumination light sources  115 A-D or lower than the illumination light sources  115 A-D can depend on the specific light source distribution requirements. Two legs  170 A-B extend longitudinally from the base  116  in the example, although the number of legs  170 A-B can vary. A respective foot  175 A-B is coupled to a distal end of respective legs  170 A-B, however, the number of feet  175 A-B can vary. The feet  175 A-B extend laterally with respect to the base  116 . The legs  170 A-B extend longitudinally through a respective opening  166 A-B formed in the circuit board  110 . The feet  175 A-B extend laterally beneath the circuit board to secure the optical lens  105  to the circuit board  110 . The base  116 , legs  170 A-B and feet  175 A-B of the optical lens  105  typically do not have an optical function, but serve to hold or mount the optical lens  105  on the circuit board  110 . The feet  175 A-B are for a pass thru snap fit to the circuit board  110 . Other ways to attach the optical lens  105  to the circuit board  110  can include a press pin fit, glue or double side tape. In some examples, legs  170 A-B and feet  175 A-B may not be utilized and the optical lens  105  can be glued or taped using the base  116  if there is an alignment feature on the circuit board  110 . Also, the legs  170 A-B and feet  175 A-B can be removed or other mechanical method can be used instead to hold the optical lens  105  depending on the application requirements. 
       FIG. 2  is an isometric view of an optical lens  205  with an elongated rectangular shape with an illumination light source matrix  215  disposed inside the optical lens  205 . Such an elongated shape can be formed by extrusion. In the example, a cross-section of the optical lens  205  is shown on a first side end  171  and a second side end  172 . An optical axis A of the optical lens  205  passes through a middle of the input central portion  135  and the output body portion  161  of the optical lens  205  and bisects the cross-section of the optical lens  205  into left and right sides. Hence, the output shoulder portion, for example, includes left and right output shoulder portions  162 A-B which are linearly arranged on opposing sides of a length of the output body portion. The length of the output body portion spans from where the right output lateral portion  155 B intersects the right output shoulder portion  162 B on the first side end  171  to where the right output lateral portion  155 B intersects the right output shoulder portion  162 B on the second side end  172 . The input peripheral portion includes left and right input peripheral portions  140 A-B, which are aspheric surfaces that are linearly arranged on opposing sides of the input central portion  135 . 
     As shown, optical lens  205  has a light source opening  117  to receive the illumination light source matrix  215  and the illumination light source matrix  215  is disposed underneath the passive lens  205  in the light source opening  117 . In the rectangular shaped passive lens  205  example (as well as a square shaped example), the optical lens  205  may be defined by a length  218  and a width  219  which can be variable in relation to each other. The length  218  spans from where the right output lateral portion  155 B intersects the right input peripheral portion  140 B on the first side end  171  to where the right output lateral portion  155 B intersects the right input peripheral portion  140 B on the second side end  172 . The width  219  spans from where the left output lateral portion  155 A intersects the left input peripheral portion  140 A on the second side end  172  to where the right output lateral portion  155 B intersects the right input peripheral portion  140 B on the second side end  172 . Although not shown in  FIG. 2 , a base can be included that has a snap on feature or one or more legs that run along the bottom of the optical lens  205 , which may extend longitudinally from the bottom and connect to the perimeter of the illumination light source matrix  215  for the required standoff distance as needed. 
     A plurality of illumination light sources are arranged inside the light source opening  117  of the optical lens  205  in rows and columns in a grid like arrangement, for example, to form the illumination light source matrix  215  inside the optical lens  205  of the lighting device. The illumination light source matrix  215  can include a long linear series of rows of illumination light sources (e.g., 40 rows with 3 illumination light sources per row), where each row spans the width  219  of passive lens  205 . Illumination light source matrix  215  can be positioned underneath the optical lens  205  and covered by the optical lens  205  throughout. In some examples, the illumination light source matrix  215  can be made up of alternating rows that include alternating numbers of two and three illumination light sources in every other row to make the beam appear to steer more smoothly. In addition, the alternating rows of illumination light sources can be staggered such that the alternating rows with two illumination light sources fill the gaps between the alternating rows with three illumination light sources along the length  218  instead of the width  219  of the three light source rows. Also, the alternating rows may include alternating numbers of four and five illumination light sources to make the beam appear to steer more smoothly. In some examples, the alternating rows can include illumination light sources with varying color temperatures (e.g., 3,000 Kelvin, 4,000 Kelvin 5,000 Kelvin) in which alternating rows of two and three illumination light sources or alternating rows of four and five illumination light sources are utilized. The number of illumination light sources in the rows and columns of the illumination light source matrix  215  can be more or less depending on the application. 
     Each of the illumination light sources in a row is part of a different column of the illumination light source matrix  215 , where each column spans the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . In the depicted example, there are 8 rows and 3 columns in the illumination light source matrix  215  and thus each column includes 8 illumination light sources for a total of 24 illumination light sources in the illumination light source matrix  215 . In another example, there are 40 rows and 3 columns in the illumination light matrix  215  and thus each column includes 40 illumination light sources for a total of 120 total illumination light sources in the illumination light source matrix  215 . Each of the columns is a channel (e.g., 3 channels in the example) which can be a string of illumination light sources; and each channel is coupled to a separate 50 Watt channel output of a 3 channel illumination light source driver. Alternatively, a switch can be placed at the end of each of the 3 channels so that only a single channel illumination light source driver can be utilized instead of a 3 channel illumination light source driver to reduce the cost of the illumination light source driver. 
     The illumination light sources in each channel can be individually controlled to be turned on, off, or dimmed anywhere along the channel to create different combinations; and can be driven in groups such as rows or columns. Light output from the illumination light sources can be adjusted between 0% to 100% (dimmed) to obtain different beam patterns and shaping. For example, the illumination light sources in different positions (left channel, middle channel, or right channel) can be turned on, off, or dimmed to vary the light intensity, either individually or in combination, to change the beam pattern and thus achieve beam shaping. 
     In one example, when the entire left channel is turned on and the middle and right channels are off, a beam angle with the light focused and concentrated on the left side is created for a spot lighting application to illuminate a first area of the room (e.g., a wall of an office worker&#39;s cubicle). When the entire right channel is turned on and the middle and left channels are off, a beam angle with the light focused and concentrated on the right side is created for a spot lighting application to illuminate a different second area of the room (e.g., the office worker&#39;s chair in the cubicle). When the entire middle channel is turned on and the left and right channels are off, a beam angle with the light focused and concentrated on the middle side is created for a spot lighting application to illuminate a third different area of the room (e.g., the office worker&#39;s desk in the cubicle). When the left, middle, and right channels are all on, a diffuse or wide beam angle is created for wide flood lighting or diffuse lighting applications. When the left channel in combination with the middle channel are turned on, a beam angle with the light focused and concentrated on the left and middle side is created for flood lighting applications. When the right channel in combination with the middle channel are turned on, a beam angle with the light focused and concentrated on the right and middle side is created for flood lighting applications. 
     In some examples, white illumination light sources are used with different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) and the illumination light source driver may selectively turn, off, or dim only those illumination light sources that are in a group with a particular CCT in a channel. In one example, only the illumination light sources in a group with a CCT of 3,000 Kelvin are driven on by the illumination light source driver. Alternatively, only the illumination light sources with a CCT of 4,000 Kelvin or 5,000 Kelvin on a particular channel are turned on by the illumination light source driver to obtain different lighting effects. 
     In some examples, there may be a bit more separation between groups of illumination light sources of the illumination light source matrix  215  and the input surface  130 , such that some of the illumination light sources can reside outside of the base  216 , for example under a different optical lens. The optical lens  205  has a profile that is an elongated rectangular shape. Although shown as having a rectangular shape, in some examples the optical lens  205  may be in the shape of a square or other polygon. Also, the optical lens may be circular or oval shaped as described in  FIG. 1  and shown in  FIGS. 6-7 , in which case the base  216  can be defined by a circumference, etc. depending on the profile. 
     In the example, the left output lateral portion  155 A extends away from the circuit board (not shown, but the illumination light source matrix  215  is disposed on the circuit board  215 ), curves away from the left input peripheral portion  140 A and intersects the left output shoulder portion  162 A. The right output lateral portion  155 B also extends away from the circuit board, curves away from the right input peripheral portion  140 B and intersects the right output shoulder portion  162 B. 
     The left output shoulder portion  162 A intersects the left output lateral portion  155 A and the left output body portion  161 A. The right output shoulder portion  162 B intersects the right output lateral portion  155 B and the right output body portion  161 B. As shown, the left output lateral portion  155 A and the right output lateral portion  155 B have an aspheric contour and curve in opposing directions. The left input central portion  135 A and the right input central portion  135 B have an aspheric contour and curve in opposing directions. 
     In some examples, such as that shown in  FIG. 2 , the left side and right portions of the optical lens  205  may have asymmetric surface profiles (e.g., curved or sloped) to, for example, obtain different effects for illumination light sources. That is to say, the left and right portions of the output surface  150  and input surface  130  may be asymmetric with respect to the optical axis A. For example, the left output body portion  161 A may have a different surface profile than the right output body portion  161 B; and the left output shoulder portion  162 A may have a different surface profile than the right output shoulder portion  162 B. The left output lateral portion  155 A may have a different surface profile than the right output lateral portion  155 B. The left input central portion  135 A may have a different surface profile than the right input central portion  135 B. The left input peripheral portion  140 A may have a different surface profile than the right input peripheral portion  140 B. Such asymmetric surface profiles of the passive lens  205  can achieve different beam angles, lighting distribution, etc. for the illumination light sources in the middle, left, or right side of the illumination light source matrix  215 , for example. 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1-2  illustrating steering or shaping through aspheric or spheric convex surfaces, for example. Traces of several light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source  115 A through the surfaces of the optical lens  105  are depicted. The optical lens  105  narrows the beam distribution for the depicted middle illumination light source  115 A. 
     In the example, a cross-section is of the optical lens  105  is illustrated in which an optical axis of the optical lens  105  passes through a middle of the input central portion  135  and the output body portion  161  of the optical lens  105  and bisects the cross-section of the optical lens  105  into left and right sides. Hence, the left side of the cross-section includes a left output lateral portion  155 A, a left output shoulder portion  162 A, a left output body portion  161 A, a left input peripheral portion  140 A, and a left input central portion  135 A. The right side of the cross-section includes a right output lateral portion  155 B, a right output shoulder portion  162 B, a right output body portion  161 B, a right input peripheral portion  140 B, and a right input central portion  135 B. As long as there is a refractive index change, a light ray will typically follow the Fresnel law for refraction and reflection. For refraction, the only situation that the propagation angle does not change is when the incident ray is normal to the interface where there is an index change. 
     As shown, middle illumination light source  115 A is in the center underneath the optical lens  105 . For the middle illumination light source  115 A, the optical lens  105  behaves like a collimating lens for incoming light rays emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A. As shown, rays emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A can be divided into four categories. Category one is on axis angle light, such as incoming light ray  1 , which happens to travel along the optical axis A and undergoes no propagation angle change upon passing through the optical lens  105 . 
     Category two is low angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A and pass through the left or right input central portions  135 A-B and then respective left or right output body portions  161 A-B, and obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  2  is such a low angle incoming light ray emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A and passes through the right input central portion  135 B where incoming light ray  2  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  2  then passes through the right output body portion  161 B and is refracted once again. Hence, the doubly refracted light ray  2  is effectively steered between a two lens system formed by the right input central portion  135 B and the right output body portion  161 B. 
     Category three is high angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A, pass through the left or right input peripheral portions  140 A-B, strike respective left or right output lateral portions  155 A-B, and then pass through respective left or right output shoulder portions  162 A-B. Incoming light ray  3  is such a high angle incoming light ray emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A and passes through the right input peripheral portion  140 B where incoming light ray  3  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  3  then strikes the right output lateral portion  155 B, where refracted incoming light ray  3  is totally internally reflected (TIR). In this example, the TIR incoming light ray  3  then passes through the right output shoulder portion  162 B where the TIR incoming light ray  3  passes through without undergoing any further refraction (e.g., passes straight out without additional steering) or undergoes very minor refraction. It should be understood that the refraction angle depends on the required beam distribution, thus the curve or slope of the output shoulder portion  162 B can be adjusted (e.g., upwards, downwards, flat) according to the beam distribution requirement. 
     Category four is medium angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A, pass through the left or right input peripheral portions  140 A-B and pass through respective left or right output lateral portions  155 A-B. Incoming light ray  4  is such a medium angle incoming light ray emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A and passes through the right input peripheral portion  140 B where incoming light ray  4  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  4  then passes through the right output lateral portion  155 B and is refracted once again towards the forwarding direction. 
       FIG. 4  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1-2  illustrating steering or shaping through aspheric or spheric convex surfaces, for example. Traces of several light rays emitted by a right outer illumination light source  115 D through the surfaces of the optical lens  105  are depicted. The optical lens  105  steers the beam distribution for the depicted outer illumination light source  115 D. 
     Outer illumination light source  115 D is underneath the optical lens  105  on the side towards the right input peripheral portion  140 B, outside of the central area of the input central portion  135  through which the optical axis A passes and the outer illumination light source  115 A (not shown) resides. For the outer illumination light source  115 D, the optical lens  105  collimates incoming light rays emitted by the outer illumination light source  115 D to an asymmetric distribution. As shown, rays emitted by the outer illumination light source  115 D can be divided into four categories similar to the middle illumination light source  115 A previously described in  FIG. 3 . 
     Category one is high angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the left outer illumination light source  115 B (not shown) or the right outer illumination light source  115 D, pass through the opposing left or right input peripheral portions  140 A-B and pass through the opposing left or right output lateral portions  155 A-B. Such high angle incoming light rays obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  1  is such a high angle incoming light ray emitted by the right outer illumination light source  115 D and passes through the left input peripheral portion  140 A where incoming light ray  1  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  1  then passes through the left output lateral portion  155 A and is refracted once again towards the forwarding direction. 
     Category two is medium angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the left outer illumination light source  115 B (not shown) or the right outer illumination light source  115 D and pass through either the left or right input central portions  135 A-B and then the opposing left or right output body portions  161 A-B. Incoming light ray  2  is such a medium angle incoming light ray emitted by the right outer illumination light source  115 D and passes through the right input central portion  135 B where incoming light ray  2  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  2  then passes through the left output body portion  161 A and is refracted once again. Hence, the doubly refracted light ray  2  is effectively steered between an active two lens system formed by the right input central portion  135 B and the left output body portion  161 A to the left side of the optical lens  105 . 
     Incoming light ray  3  is in a third category of low angle incoming light rays emitted by the outer illumination light source  115 D and is similar to medium angle incoming light ray  2 . However, in the instance of incoming light ray  3 , the angle is very low, hence the geometry is such that incoming light ray  3  passes through the right input central portion  135 B where incoming light ray  3  is refracted like incoming light ray  2 , but then the refracted incoming light ray  3  passes through the right output body portion  161 B and is refracted once again. In both examples of incoming light rays  2  and  3 , the input central portions  135 A-B and the output body portions  161 A-B, behave as a convex lens. Because both incoming light rays  2  and  3  are off optical axis light, incoming light rays  2  and  3  are collimated to one side of the optical lens  105 . 
     Category four is medium angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the left outer illumination light source  115 B (not shown) or the right outer illumination light source  115 D away from the middle illumination light source  115 A, pass through the respective left or right input peripheral portions  140 A-B, strike respective left or right output lateral portions  155 A-B, and then pass through respective left or right output shoulder portions  162 A-B. Incoming light ray  4  is such a medium angle incoming light ray emitted by the outer illumination light source  115 D and passes through the right input peripheral portion  140 B where incoming light ray  4  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  4  then strikes the right output lateral portion  155 B, where refracted incoming light ray  4  is totally internally reflected (TIR). The TIR incoming light ray  4  then passes through the right output shoulder portion  162 B where the TIR incoming light ray  4  passes with further refraction. 
       FIGS. 5A-C  describe the process of the passive optical lens design  105 , considering a 2-dimensional case as shown in  FIG. 5A  in which a TIR lens  510 A is designed for a middle illumination light source  115 A. By shifting one side of the TIR lens  510 A surface further away from the optical axis A, a new lens is formed, for which the middle illumination light source  115 A becomes the outer illumination light source  115 D as shown in  FIG. 5B . In  FIG. 5C , based on the new optical lens, the new symmetric center is found, which becomes the new optical axis A. By adding an extra opening and top output surface, a passive optical lens  105  is formed. 
     Differences between the optical lens  105  and a normal TIR lens  510 A are demonstrated in the two-dimensional geometry of the cross-sections shown  FIGS. 5A-C .  FIG. 5A  is schematic of a total internal reflection (TIR) lens  510 A with a middle illumination light source  115 A disposed inside the TIR lens  510 A and traces of light rays emitted by the middle illumination light source  115 A disposed inside the TIR lens  510 A.  FIG. 5B  is schematic of the TIR lens  510 A of  FIG. 5A  with a right outer illumination light source  115 D disposed inside the TIR lens  510 A and traces of light rays emitted by the right outer illumination light source  115 D disposed inside the TIR lens  510 A.  FIG. 5C  is schematic of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1-2  with the middle illumination light source  115 A, left outer illumination light source  115 B, and right outer illumination light source  115 D disposed inside the optical lens  510 A and traces of light rays emitted by the right outer illumination light source  115 B disposed inside the optical lens  510 A. 
     The TIR lens  510 A is shown in  FIG. 5A  and, during normal operation the middle illumination light source  115 A is located near or at the focus of the TIR lens  510 A for the TIR lens  510 A to achieve total internal reflection and collimate the incoming light from the middle illumination light source  115 A. Thus, in  FIG. 5A  the middle illumination light source  115 A is at the focus of the curved surfaces  511 A-B. Since incoming light ray  1  and incoming light ray  2  are travelling at an angle of incidence larger than the critical angle for refraction, incoming light ray  1  is reflected off the curved surface  511 A and incoming light ray  2  is reflected off the curved surface  511 B, which obeys the law of reflection. Accordingly, incoming light rays  1  and  2  are both collimated by the TIR lens  510 A and bend away from the normal, instead of bending towards the normal and passing through the curved surfaces  511 A-B. 
     Moving to  FIG. 5B , now the right outer illumination light source  115 D is located within the TIR lens  510 A. However, the right outer illumination light source  115 D is outside of the focus of the TIR lens  510 A and is not located at or near the focus of the TIR lens  510 A. Most of the light from the right outer illumination light source  115 D is not collimated through total internal reflection by the optical lens  510 A. Incoming light ray  1  is refracted by curved surface  511 A to bend towards the normal to pass through the curved surface  511 A. Meanwhile incoming light ray  2  is TIR off the curved surface  511 B to bend away from the normal. 
     Continuing to  FIG. 5C , now the middle illumination light source  115 A is surrounded by the right outer illumination light source  115 D on the right side and the left outer illumination light source  115 B on the left side. The middle illumination light source  115 A and outer illumination light sources  115 B and  115 D are located within the optical lens  105  with middle illumination light source  115 A. The optical lens  105  is designed to achieve an asymmetric beam pattern by finding the center axis for a new curve to achieve total internal reflection for incoming light rays emitted by the outer illumination light sources  115 B and  115 D. The new curve is rotated around the center axis, to achieve a three-dimensional structure, which generates the output lateral portion  155  of the optical lens  105 . In this case, incoming light ray  2  from the right outer illumination light source  115 D is refracted by the right side of the input peripheral portion  140 , then strikes (e.g., hits) the right side of the output lateral portion  155  and is totally internally reflected. On the other hand, incoming light ray  1  from the right outer illumination light source  115 D is refracted by the left side of the input peripheral portion  140 , then strikes (e.g., hits) the left side of the output lateral portion  155  and is refracted to bend toward the normal and pass through like ray  1  in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 6  is a bottom isometric view of the optical lens  105  of  FIG. 1  depicting the output lateral portion  155 , the input peripheral portion  140 , the input central portion  135 , and the base  116  with attached legs  170 A-B and feet  175 A-B. It should be understood that the base  116 , legs  170 A-B and feet  175 A-B are mechanical support structures for the optical lens  105  and typically do not have an optical function.  FIG. 7  is a top isometric view of the optical lens of  FIGS. 1 and 6  also showing the output body portion  161  and the output shoulder portion  162 . 
     The example of  FIGS. 6-7  illustrates a substantially circular profile for the base  116  of the optical lens  105  like that shown in  FIG. 1  and the cross-sections depicted in  FIGS. 3, 4, and 5C . However, the shape of the base  116  of the optical lens  105  can have a variable profile depending on the intended application. For example, an elongated rectangular base  116  may be utilized for the optical lens  205  in  FIG. 2 , which can be suitable for an illumination light source matrix  215  which includes a large number of illumination light sources. In some examples, the base  116  may have a different shape than the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505  (e.g., not have a circular or rectangular outline). 
     The shape and size of the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505  can vary depending on the size of the lighting device or luminaire incorporating the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505  and the number and size of the illumination light sources disposed under the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505 . The size and layout of pixel light emitters in the lighting device or luminaire incorporating optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505  can also affect the shape and size of the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505 . 
       FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  805  like that of  FIG. 3 , but illustrating light rays to be optically sensed are steered to a middle optical transducer  815 A through the surfaces to produce an electrical signal. Traces of several light rays received by the middle optical transducer  815 A through the surfaces of the optical lens  805  are depicted which drive the middle optical transducer  815 A. The optical lens  805  steers the beam distribution to the depicted middle optical transducer  815 A. A transducer is a device that converts between optical and electrical signals. Hence, in the previous examples, the illumination light sources are electrical transducers in which electrical power is used to emit light. In the examples of  FIGS. 8-9 , the optical transducers convert received incoming light into an electrical signal, for example, a photodetector or photodiode for a camera, which takes light as a signal and produces an electrical signal. 
     The optical lens  805  includes an input surface  850  and an output surface  830  coupled to direct light to the middle optical transducers  815 A. The input surface  850  includes an input lateral portion  855 A-B, an input shoulder portion  862 A-B, and an input body portion  861 A-B. The input lateral portion  855 A-B extends towards the optical transducer(s)  815 A, curves towards the input peripheral portion  840 A-B, and intersects the output shoulder portion  862 A-B. The input shoulder portion  862  surrounds the input body portion  861 A-B. The input body portion  861 A-B curves outwards from the input shoulder portion  862 A-B. The output surface  830  includes an output peripheral portion  840 A-B and an output central portion  835 A-B. The output peripheral portion  840 A-B curves around the optical transducers  815 A-B towards the input central portion  835 A-B. The output central portion  835 A-B curves towards the optical transducer(s)  815 A. 
     In one example, incoming light rays first pass through the input surface  850  where the incoming light rays undergo refraction. After passing through the input surface  850 , the refracted incoming light rays then pass through the output surface  830  to be received by at least one the optical transducers  815 A. 
     Like  FIG. 3 , a cross-section of the optical lens  805  is illustrated in which an optical axis A passes through a middle of the output central portion  835  and the input body portion  861  of the optical lens  805  and bisects the cross-section into left and right sides. Hence, the left side of the cross-section includes a left input lateral portion  855 A, a left input shoulder portion  862 A, a left input body portion  861 A, a left output peripheral portion  840 A, and a left output central portion  835 A. The right side of the cross-section includes a right input lateral portion  855 B, a right input shoulder portion  862 B, a right input body portion  861 B, a right output peripheral portion  140 B, and a right output central portion  835 B. 
     As shown, the optical lens is positioned over the optical transducers, hence the middle optical transducer  815 A is in the center underneath the optical lens  805 . For the middle optical transducer  815 A, the optical lens  805  behaves like a collimating lens for incoming light rays. As shown, rays received by the middle optical transducer  815 A can be divided into four categories. Category one is no angle light (on axis light), such as incoming light ray  1 , which happens to travel along the optical axis A and undergoes no propagation angle change upon passing through the optical lens  805 . 
     Category two is low angle incoming light rays that pass through the left or right input body portions  861 A-B, pass through the respective left or right output central portions  835 A-B, and then are received by the middle optical transducer  815 A, which obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  2  is such a low angle incoming light ray which passes through the right input body portion  861 B where incoming light ray  2  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  2  then passes through the right output central portion  835 B and is refracted once again to be received by the middle optical transducer  815 A. Hence, the doubly refracted light ray  2  is effectively steered between an active two lens system formed by the right input body portion  861 B and the right output central portion  835 B. 
     Category three is medium angle incoming light rays that pass through the left or right input shoulder portions  862 A-B, strike respective left or right input lateral portions  855 A-B, pass through the respective left or right output peripheral portions  840 A-B, and then are received by the middle optical transducer  815 A. Incoming light ray  3  is such a medium angle incoming light ray which passes through the right input shoulder portion  862 B where incoming light ray  3  passes through with refraction. The incoming light ray  3  then strikes the right input lateral portion  855 B, where incoming light ray  3  is totally internally reflected (TIR). The TIR incoming light ray  3  then passes through the right input peripheral portion  840 B where incoming light ray  3  is refracted to be received by the middle optical transducer  815 A. 
     Category four is high angle incoming light rays that pass through the left or right input lateral portions  855 A-B, pass through the respective left or right output peripheral portions  840 A-B, and then are received by the middle optical transducer  815 A. Incoming light ray  4  is such a high angle incoming light ray which passes through the right input lateral portion  855 B where incoming light ray  4  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  4  then passes through the right input lateral portion  840 B and is refracted once again to be received by the middle optical transducer  815 A. 
       FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  805  like that of  FIG. 4 , but illustrating light rays steered to a right outer optical transducer  815 D through the surfaces to produce an electrical signal. Traces of several light rays received by the right outer optical transducer  815 D through the surfaces of the optical lens  805  are depicted. The optical lens  805  steers the beam distribution to the depicted right outer optical transducer  815 D. 
     Outer optical transducer  815 D is underneath the optical lens  805  on the side towards the right output peripheral portion  840 B, outside of the central area of the output central portion  835  through which the optical axis A passes and the middle optical transducer  815 A (not shown) resides. For the outer optical transducer  815 D, the optical lens  805  behaves like a collimating lens for incoming light rays. The optical lens  805  steers the beam distribution to the depicted outer optical transducer  815 D. As shown, rays received by the outer optical transducer  815 D can be divided into four categories similar to the middle optical transducer  815 A previously described in  FIG. 8 . 
     Category one is high angle incoming light rays that pass through the left or right input lateral portions  855 A-B, pass through the respective left or right output peripheral portions  840 A-B, and the optical axis A passes and the middle, then are received by the opposing left optical transducer  815 B (not shown) or the opposing right outer optical transducer  815 D. Such high angle incoming light rays obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  1  is such a high angle incoming light ray which passes through the left input lateral portion  855 A where incoming light ray  1  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  1  then passes through the left output peripheral portion  840 A where incoming light ray  1  is refracted to be received by the right outer optical transducer  815 D. 
     Category two is medium angle incoming light rays that pass through the left or right input body portions  861 A-B, pass through the left or right output central portions  835 A-B, and then are received by the right outer optical transducer  815 D, which obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  2  is such a medium angle incoming light ray which passes through the left input body portion  861 A where incoming light ray  2  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  2  then passes through the right input central portion  835 B and is refracted once again. Hence, the doubly refracted light ray  2  is effectively steered between an active two lens system formed by the left input body portion  861 A and the right output central portion  135 B to the right side of the optical lens  805 . 
     Incoming light ray  3  is in a third category of low angle incoming light rays received by the right outer optical transducer  815 D and is similar to medium angle incoming light ray  2 . However, in the instance of incoming light ray  3 , the angle is very low, hence the geometry is such that incoming light ray  3  passes through the right input body portion  861 B where incoming light ray  3  is refracted like incoming light ray  2 , but then the refracted incoming light ray  3  passes through the right output central portion  835 B and is refracted once again. In both examples of incoming light rays  2  and  3 , the input body portions  861 A-B and the output central portions  835 A-B, behave as a convex lens. Because both incoming light rays  2  and  3  are off optical axis light, incoming light rays  2  and  3  are collimated to one side of the optical lens  105 . 
     Category four is medium angle incoming light rays that pass through left or right input shoulder portions  862 A-B, strike respective left or right input lateral portions  855 A-B, pass through the respective left or right output peripheral portions  840 A-B, and then are received by the left outer optical transducer  815 B (not shown) or the right outer optical transducer  815 D. Incoming light ray  4  is such a medium angle incoming light ray which passes through the right input shoulder portion  862 B with refraction. The incoming light ray  4  then strikes the right input lateral portion  855 B, where incoming light ray  4  is totally internally reflected (TIR). The TIR incoming light ray  4  then passes through the right output peripheral portion  840 B where the TIR incoming light ray  4  is refracted to be received by the right outer optical transducer  815 D. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an example of a luminaire  1000  as part of a controllable lighting system  1009  that also includes a controller  1011 . In the simplified block diagram example, the luminaire  1000  includes a general illumination device  1001 , an optical lens array  1005 , and an image display  1003 . Elements  1001 ,  1003 , and  1005  are collocated or integrated together into a sandwiched unit to form an array of combined lighting elements; and devices  1001  and  10003  are controlled by the respective control signals received from a driver system  1013 . It should be understood that general illumination device  1001  and image display device  1003  may be on the same lighting circuit board with the optical lens array  1005  coupled thereto; or on a separate illumination lighting circuit board with the optical lens array  1005  coupled thereto and a separate display circuit board, respectively. It should be understood that in some examples, the luminaire can only be for illumination lighting applications and does not include the image display device  1003  and the image display driver  1013   d . In such examples, after passing through the optical lens array  1005 , only the shaped or steered illumination lighting emerges via the output surface of the luminaire  1000  and there is no display image  1003  out. 
     General illumination device  1001  provides illumination lighting in response to lighting control signals received from the driver system  1013   i , for example, based on an illumination application (stored as program(s)  1027 ). In an example, the general illumination device  1001  includes layers forming an illumination light source matrix  1015  comprised of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs extend at least substantially across a panel of the general illumination device  1001  forming a matrix of illumination pixels extending at least substantially across the panel area(s) of the general illumination device  1001 . Illumination light rays emitted by the illumination pixels are coupled to one of the respective elements of the optical lens array  1005 . 
     The transparent image display device  1003  provides image light in response to image control signals received from the driver system  1013   d  and can be formed on the same panel as the general illumination device  1001 . In addition or alternatively, the image data may be provided to the image display device  1003  from an external source(s) (not shown), such as a remote server or an external memory device via one or more of the communication interfaces  1017  and the host processing system  1016 . 
     The illumination light source matrix  1015  is comprised of one or more illumination light sources. Although shown separately for ease of illustration in the block diagram, the general illumination device  1001 , including the illumination light source matrix  1015 , may be coupled to or integrated into the body of the image display device  1003  and/or coupled to or integrated in/with the optical lens array  1005 . An example of a transmissive illumination light source  1015  is a layer of one or a larger number of OLED type emitters. Other examples include arrays of inorganic LED type emitters. 
     As noted above, the illumination light source matrix  1015  is an array of one or more illumination light sources controllable to emit artificial illumination lighting. Illumination light source matrix  1015  generates illumination light for emission through an output surface of the general illumination device  1001  (downward in the illustrated example) as light for an illumination application of the luminaire  1000 . The general illumination device  1001 , including for example the illumination light source matrix  1015 , is configured to output sufficient visible light to support the illumination application of the luminaire  1000 , for example, to have an intensity and/or other characteristic(s) that satisfy an industry acceptable performance standard for a general lighting application without necessarily requiring concurrent light output from the image display device  1003 . 
     The illumination light source matrix  1015  is coupled to or integrated into the body of the luminaire  1000 , as discussed in more detail earlier, via at least one element of the optical lens array  1005 . The incoming light rays of illumination light from the illumination light source matrix  1015  is output from the general illumination device  1001  into the input surface  1002 in of the optical lens array  1005  and then emerges through the output surface  1002 out of the optical lens array  1005  with an appropriately shaped or steered beam distribution. For each optical lens element of the pens lens array  1005 , the portion of the input surface  1002 in is optically coupled to a respective illumination light source to steer or shape illumination lighting from the respective illumination light source. For each optical lens array  1005  element, the portion of the output surface  1002 out opposes the input surface  1002 in. 
     After passing through the optical lens array  1005 , the shaped or steered illumination lighting enters mixes with the display image  1003 out from the image display device  1003  and then emerges from via the same output surface of the luminaire  1000 . 
     Image display device  1003  is an emissive type display device controllable to emit light of a selected image, e.g., as a still image or a video frame. The image display device  1003  includes a pixel matrix including an array of pixel light emitters and is also transmissive with respect to light from the illumination light source matrix  1015  of the general illumination device  1001 . Each pixel light emitter of image display device  1003  is controllable to emit light for a respective pixel of the displayed image. 
     Each of the pixel light emitters of the image display device  1003  and each of the illumination light sources of the illumination light source matrix  1015  can be individually driven and controlled. Each optical lens of the optical lens array  1005  can be structured to provide a one-to-one correspondence between a respective illumination light source and a respective pixel light emitter. It should be understood that optical lens elements of the optical lens array  1005  can be coupled to multiple illumination light sources of the illumination light source matrix  1015  and optionally pixel light emitters to provide beam shaping or steering. 
     The drawing ( FIG. 10 ) also shows the inclusion of the luminaire  1000  in a system  1009 , together with a suitable controller  1011 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , the controller  1011  includes a driver system  1013  coupled to the luminaire  1000  and a host processing system  1016 . The controller  1011  may also include one or more communication interfaces  1017  and/or one or more sensors  1026 . 
     The controllable luminaire  1000  produces general illumination lighting as well as visible light of an image display output in response to control signals received from the driver system  1013 . For that purpose, the example of the driver system  1013  includes an illumination light source driver  1013   i  configured and coupled to supply suitable power to drive the particular implementation of the illumination light source matrix  1015 , and the example of the driver system  1013  includes display driver  1013   d  configured and coupled to supply image display signals to the particular implementation of the image display device  1003 . Although shown separately, the drivers  1013   i ,  1013   d  of the system  1013  may be formed by unified driver circuitry. 
     The image display device  1003  may be either a commercial-off-the-shelf image display or an enhanced display or the like specifically adapted for use in the luminaire  1000 . The image display device  1003  is configured to present an image. The presented image may be a real scene, a computer generated scene, a single color, a collage of colors, a video stream, animation, a Trompe-l&#39;oeil design intended to create an illusion of a three-dimensional object, or the like. The general illumination device  1001  may be an otherwise standard general illumination system, if suitably transmissive, which is co-located with and optically coupled to an output of the image display device  1003 . Several examples of the luminaire  1000  in which the lighting device and/or the display are specifically configured for use together in a luminaire like  1000  are discussed herein. 
       FIG. 10  also provides an example of an implementation of the high layer logic and communications elements to control luminaire operations to provide selected illumination light, e.g., for a general illumination application, and to provide a selected display image output. As shown, the controller  1011  includes a host processing system  1016 , one or more sensors  1026  and one or more communication interface(s)  1017 . Other implementations of the circuitry of the controller  1011  may be utilized. For the purpose of illumination and display operation, the circuitry of the controller  1011 , in the example, is coupled to the illumination light source matrix  1015  and the image display device  1003  to drive and control operation of the illumination light source matrix  1015  and the image display device  1003 . The circuitry of the controller  1011  may be configured to operate the illumination light source matrix  1015  to generate the illumination light at least during an illumination state of the luminaire  1000 , and to operate the image display device  1003  to emit the light of the image at least during an image display state of the luminaire  1000 . 
     The controller  1011  may implement a number of different illumination/image display state configurations. For example, the circuitry of the controller  1011  is configured to implement the illumination state of the luminaire  1000  and the image display state of the luminaire  1000  at the same time (i.e., simultaneously). For example, illumination light source matrix  1015  generates illumination light concurrently with emission of the light of the image by the image display device  1003 . Or the combined illumination and image light output, for example, could provide an even higher overall intensity or coloring tuning for a specific lighting application. The color tuning mixes the colors of the image display device  1003  and the illumination light source matrix  1015  so that a user can easily change color temperature of the illumination light. Alternatively, the circuitry of the controller  1011  can also drive the illumination state and the image display state at different times, for example, as distinct, mutually exclusive states. 
     The host processing system  1016  provides the high level logic or “brain” of the controller  1011  and thus of the system  1009 . In the example, the host processing system  1016  includes memories/storage  1025 , such as a random access memory and/or a read-only memory, as well as programs  1027  stored in one or more of the memories/storage  1025 . The programming  1027 , in one example, configures the system  1009  to implement two or more of various display and illumination states of the controlled luminaire  1000 , as outlined above. As an alternative to distinct states, the programming  1027  may configure the system  1009  to implement a step-wise or substantially continuous adjustment of the relative intensities of the illumination light and image display light outputs of the controlled luminaire  1000 , encompassing settings to achieve the relative intensity levels of the states discussed above. 
     The memories/storage  1025  may also store various data, including luminaire configuration information  1028  or one or more configuration files containing such information, in addition to the illustrated programming  1027 . The host processing system  1016  also includes a central processing unit (CPU), shown by way of example as a microprocessor (μP)  1023 , although other processor hardware may serve as the CPU. 
     The ports and/or interfaces  1029  couple the processor  1023  to various elements of the lighting system  1009  logically outside the host processing system  1016 , such as the driver system  1013 , the communication interface(s)  1017  and the sensor(s)  1026 . For example, the processor  1023  by accessing programming  1027  in the memory  1025  controls operation of the driver system  1013  and thus operations of the luminaire  1000  via one or more of the ports and/or interfaces  1029 . In a similar fashion, one or more of the ports and/or interfaces  1029  enable the processor  1023  of the host processing system  1016  to use and communicate externally via the communication interface(s)  1017 ; and the one or more of the ports  1029  enable the processor  1023  of the host processing system  1016  to receive data regarding any condition detected by a sensor  1026 , for further processing. 
     In the operational examples, based on its programming  1027 , the processor  1023  processes data retrieved from the memory  1023  and/or other data storage, and responds to light output parameters in the retrieved data to control the light generation by the general illumination device  1001 , particularly the illumination light source matrix  1015 . The light output control also may be responsive to sensor data from a sensor  1026 . The light output parameters may include light intensity and light color characteristics of light from light sources. The light output parameters may also control modulation of the light output, e.g., to carry information on the illumination light output of the luminaire  1000 . The configuration file(s)  1028  may also provide the image data, which the host processing system  1016  uses to control the display driver  1013   d  and thus the light emission from the image display device  1003 . 
     As noted, the host processing system  1016  is coupled to the communication interface(s)  1017 . In the example, the communication interface(s)  1017  offer a user interface function or communication with hardware elements providing a user interface for the system  1009 . The communication interface(s)  1017  may communicate with other control elements, for example, a host computer of a building control and automation system (BCAS). The communication interface(s)  1017  may also support device communication with a variety of other equipment of other parties having access to the lighting system  1009  in an overall/networked lighting system encompassing a number of systems  1009 , e.g., for access to each system  1009  by equipment of a manufacturer for maintenance or access to an on-line server for downloading of programming instruction or configuration data for setting aspects of luminaire operation. 
     As outlined earlier, the host processing system  1016  also is coupled to the driver system  1013 . The driver system  1013  is coupled to the general illumination device  1001 , particularly the illumination light source matrix  1015 , and the image display device  1003 . Although the driver system  1013  may be a single integral unit or implemented in a variety of different configurations having any number of internal driver units, the example of system  1013  includes separate general illumination source driver circuit  1013   i  and image display driver circuit  11013   d . The separate drivers may be circuits configured to provide signals appropriate to the respective type of illumination light source matrix  1015  and/or display  1003  utilized in the particular implementation of the luminaire  1000 , albeit in response to commands or control signals or the like from the host processing system  1016 . 
     The host processing system  1016  and the driver system  1013  provide a number of control functions for controlling operation of the luminaire  1000 , including in the illumination and image display states discussed earlier. In a typical example, execution of the programming  1027  by the host processing system  1016  and associated control via the driver system  1013  configures the luminaire  1000  to perform functions, including functions to operate the illumination light source matrix  1015  to provide light output from the lighting system  1009  and to operate the image display device  1003  to output a selected image, e.g., based on the lighting device configuration information  1028 . 
     In an example of the operation of the luminaire  1000 , the processor  1023  receives a configuration file  1028  via one or more of communication interfaces  1017 . The processor  1023  may store, or cache, the received configuration file  1028  in storage/memories  1025 . The file may include image data, or the processor  1023  may receive separate image data via one or more of communication interfaces  1017 . The image data may be stored, along with the received configuration file  1028 , in storage/memories  1025 . Alternatively, image data (e.g., video) may be received as streaming data and used to drive the image display device  1003  in real-time. 
     The image display driver  1013   d  may deliver the image data directly to the image display device  1003  for presentation or may have to convert the image data into a signal or data format suitable for delivery to the image display device  1003 . For example, the image data may be video data formatted according to compression formats, such as H. 264 (MPEG-4 Part 10), HEVC, Theora, Dirac, RealVideo RV40, VP8, VP9, or the like, and still image data may be formatted according to compression formats such as Portable Network Group (PNG), Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) or exchangeable image file format (Exif) or the like. For example, if floating point precision is needed, options are available, such as OpenEXR, to store 32-bit linear values. In addition, the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), which supports compression as a protocol level feature, may also be used. For at least some versions of the image display device  1003  offering a low resolution image output, higher resolution source image data may be down-converted to a lower resolution format, either by the host processing system  1016  or by processing in the circuitry of the driver  1013   d.    
     For illumination control, the configuration information in the configuration file  1028  may specify operational parameters of the controllable general illumination device  1001 , such as light intensity, light color characteristic, and the like for light from the illumination light source matrix  1015 . Configuration file  1028  may also specify which of the illumination light sources in the illumination light source matrix  1015  to turn off, on, or dim (e.g., left outer, middle, or right outer) along with light intensity and color setting to achieve particular beam angles and lighting distributions via the passive optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505 . The processor  1023  by accessing programming  1027  and using software configuration information  1028 , from the storage/memories  1025 , controls operation of the driver system  1013 , and through that driver  1013   i  controls the illumination light source matrix  1015 , e.g., to achieve a predetermined illumination light output intensity and/or color characteristic for a general illumination application of the luminaire  1000 , including settings for the illumination light source matrix  1015  appropriate to the current one of the luminaire states discussed earlier. 
     A software configurable lighting system such as  1009  may be reconfigured, e.g., to change the image display output and/or to change one or more parameters of the illumination light output, by changing the corresponding aspect(s) of the configuration data file  1028 , by replacing the configuration data file  1028 , or by selecting a different file from among a number of such files already stored in the data storage/memories  1025 . 
     In other examples, the lighting system  1009  may be programmed to transmit information on the light output from the luminaire  1000 . Examples of information that the system  1009  may transmit in this way include a code, e.g., to identify the luminaire  1000  and/or the lighting system  1009  or to identify the luminaire location. Alternatively or in addition, the light output from the luminaire  1000  may carry downstream transmission of communication signaling and/or user data. The information or data transmission may involve adjusting or modulating parameters (e.g., intensity, color characteristic or the like) of the illumination light output of the general illumination device  1001  or an aspect of the light output from the image display device  1003 . Transmission from the image display device  1003  may involve modulation of the backlighting of the particular type of display. Another approach to light based data transmission from the display  1003  may involve inclusion of a code representing data in a portion of a displayed image, e.g., by modulating individual emitter outputs. The modulation or image coding typically would not be readily apparent to a person in the illuminated area observing the luminaire operations but would be detectable by an appropriate receiver. The information transmitted and the modulation or image coding technique may be defined/controlled by configuration data or the like in the memories/storage  1025 . Alternatively, user data may be received via one of the communication interface(s)  1017  and processed in the controller  1011  to transmit such received user data via light output from the luminaire  1000 . 
     Although specially configured circuitry may be used in place of microprocessor  1023  and/or the entire host processing system  1016 , the drawing depicts an example of the controller  1011  in which functions relating to the controlled operation of the system  1009 , including operation of the luminaire  1000 , may be implemented by the programming  1027  and/or configuration data  1028  stored in a memory device  1025  for execution by the microprocessor  1023 . The programming  1027  and/or data  1028  configure the processor  1023  to control system operations so as to implement functions of the system  1009  described herein. 
     Aspects of the software configurable lighting system  1009  example therefore include “products” or “articles of manufacture” typically in the form of software or firmware that include executable code of programming  1027  and/or associated configuration data  1028  that is/are carried on or embodied in a type of machine readable medium. “Storage” type media include any or all of storage devices that may be used to implement the memory  1025 , any tangible memory of computers or the like that may communicate with the system  1009  or associated modules of such other equipment. Examples of storage media include but are not limited to various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives and the like, which may provide non-transitory storage at any time for the software or firmware programming  1027  and/or the configuration data  1028 . All or portions of the programming and/or data may at times be communicated through the Internet or various other telecommunication networks. Such communications, for example, may enable loading of the programming and/or data from a computer or the like into the host processing system  1016  of the controller  1011 , for example, from a management server or host computer of the lighting system service provider into a lighting system  1009 . Thus, another type of media that may bear the programming  1027  and/or the data  1028  includes optical, electrical and electromagnetic waves, such as used across physical interfaces between local devices, through wired and optical landline networks and over various air-links. The physical elements that carry such waves, such as wired or wireless links, optical links or the like, also may be considered as media bearing the software. As used herein, unless restricted to non-transitory, tangible or “storage” media, terms such as computer or machine “readable medium” refer to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution. 
     Apparatuses implementing functions like those of configurable lighting system  1009  may take various forms. In some examples, some components attributed to the lighting system  1009  may be separated from the general illumination device  1001  and image display device  1003  of the luminaire  1000 . For example, a lighting system  1009  may have all of the above hardware components on or within a single hardware platform as shown in  FIG. 10  or in different somewhat separate units. In a particular example, one set of the hardware components may be separated from one or more instances of the controllable luminaire  1000 , e.g., such that one host processing system  1016  may run several luminaires  1000  each at a somewhat separate location wherein one or more of the luminaires  1000  are at a location remote from the one host processing system  1016 . In such an example, a driver system  1013  may be located near or included in a combined platform with each luminaire  1000 . For example, one set of intelligent components, such as the microprocessor  1023 , may control/drive some number of driver systems  1013  and associated controllable luminaires  1000 . Alternatively, there may be one overall driver system  1013  located at or near the host processing system  1016  for driving some number of luminaires  1000 . It also is envisioned that some lighting devices may not include or be coupled to all of the illustrated elements, such as the sensor(s)  1026  and the communication interface(s)  1017 . For convenience, further discussion of the lighting system  1009  of  FIG. 10  will assume an intelligent implementation of the lighting system  1009  that includes at least the illustrated components. 
     In addition, the luminaire  1000  of each lighting device  1011  is not size restricted. For example, each luminaire  1000  may be of a standard size, e.g. 2-feet by 2-feet (2×2), 2-feet by 4-feet (2×4), or the like, and arranged like tiles for larger area coverage. Alternatively, one luminaire  1000  may be a larger area device that covers a wall, a part of a wall, part of a ceiling, an entire ceiling, or some combination of portions or all of a ceiling and wall. 
     Lighting equipment like that disclosed the examples of  FIG. 10 , may be used with various implementations of the luminaire  1000 . Although several examples of the luminaire implementations have been briefly discussed above, it may be helpful to consider some examples in more detail. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the combined matrix  1114  of the luminaire includes an appropriate circuit board  1142 . A combination of emitters  1144  are mounted on the board  1142  at each of a number of pixel emission points  1144  of the combined matrix  1144 . As shown in the enlarged example of  FIG. 12 , the emitters at each such point of the matrix include five white light illumination light sources  120 A-E for illumination light generation positioned under an optical lens  105 . Also included in the combination of the emitters  1144  at each pixel emission point  1144  of the matrix is a color and intensity controllable pixel light emitter  120 . In the example, the pixel light emitter  120  includes a red emitter (R)  1200 A, a green emitter (G)  1200 B, and a blue emitter (B)  1200 C, although additional or alternative color pixel light emitters may be provided. In examples, the pixel light emitters  1200 A-C may be LED devices. The white illumination light sources  115 A-E may be a LED of a type commonly used in LED based lighting equipment. The pixel light emitter  120  may be a combined device having the RGB emitters in the same package or on the same chip substrate. The white illumination light sources  115 A-E may be capable of an output intensity higher than any of the red emitter (R)  1200 A, the green emitter (G)  1200 B, and the blue emitter (B)  1200 C and/or higher that the maximum output intensity of overall pixel light emitter  120 . It should be understood that in some examples the combination of emitters  1144  on the circuit board  1142  of the combined matrix  1114  may not include the pixel light emitter  120  and may only include a matrix of illumination light sources  115 A-E covered by the optical lens  105 , and thus the luminaire does not include an image display. 
     The present example also encompasses arrangements in which one emitter chip or package includes RGBW emitters if the white capability is sufficient for a lighting application. The white illumination light sources  115 A-E could be on the same chip or in the same package as the sub emitters of the pixel light emitter  120 . However, because of the higher intensity desired for illumination light generation, and thus the higher amount of generated heat, it may be better to provide the white illumination light emitter separately, as shown. Also, the pixel light emitter  120  may have an output distribution optimized for the display function that is different from the output distribution of white illumination light sources  115 A-E optimized for the illumination function. To provide these distributions, however, corresponding optics may be added. If the display and illumination emitters are Lambertian or emitting in a wide angle, for example, additional space is used for these optics due to etendue limitation, which may limit how close the display and illumination emitters may be placed with respect to each other. 
     For purposes of the general illumination, display and interference mitigation strategies, the white illumination light sources  115 A-E are controllable independently of the display through a suitable driver functionality implemented as part of the driver system  1013  in the example of  FIG. 6 . The pixel light emitter  120  and the components thereof are controllable independently of the illumination light source through a suitable driver functionality implemented as part of the driver system  1013  in the example of  FIG. 10 . Although integrated into one matrix on the circuit board  1142 , the white illumination light sources  115 A-E and pixel light emitter  120  therefore are logically two independent emission matrices for purposes of light generation and control. As a result, the logical matrices may be controlled in essentially the same ways as the matrices of the separate illumination light sources and displays in the earlier examples. 
       FIG. 13  is a simplified cross-sectional view of a luminaire  1000  incorporating the circuit board  1142  and combined/integrated matrix of emitters at pixel points  1144 . In addition, the luminaire  1000  may include a diffuser  1149 , which helps to homogenize output light for both illumination and image display. As shown in the drawing example, the diffuser  1149  may be a separate sheet or layer, e.g. of a suitable white translucent material, adjacent to or formed on output of the luminaire  1000 . 
     The example includes the diffuser  1149 , but the diffuser is optional. If not provided, the point sources of light, e.g. outputs from the LEDs of white illumination light sources  115 A-E and pixel light emitter  120  at points  1144 , may be visible through the light luminaire output. 
     For illumination, the diffuser  1149  diffuses the illumination light output, which improves uniformity of illumination light output intensity, as may be observed across the output through the luminaire and/or as the illumination light is distributed at a working distance from the luminaire  1000  (e.g. across a floor or desktop). 
     For display, the diffuser  1149  diffuses the image light from the pixel light emitters  120 . For some types/resolutions of the display, some degree of diffusion may be tolerable or even helpful. Use of higher resolution data to drive a lower resolution implementation of the display may cause the image output to become pixelated. In some cases, the pixelation may prevent a person from perceiving the intended image on the display. Processing of the image data before application thereof to drive the pixel light emitters  120  of the display and/or blurring of the output image by the diffuser  1149  effectively blur discrete rectangles or dots of the pixelated image. Such blurring of the pixelated artifacts in the output image may increase an observer&#39;s ability to perceive or recognize a low resolution output image. An implementation of such a fuzzy pixels display approach in a system  1009  ( FIG. 13 ) with a luminaire such as  1000  may be implemented by a combination of downsampling of the image data and use of the diffuser  1149  over the image display output. A similar diffuser may be used in other luminaire examples. Additional processing of the image data in the digital domain, e.g. Fourier transformation and manipulation in the frequency domain, may be implemented to reduce impact of low resolution image output on some types of display devices. 
       FIG. 14  is a simplified functional block diagram of a system  1445 , which includes a configurable optical/electrical apparatus  1450  and a controller  1460 . The configurable optical/electrical apparatus  1450  combines an optical lens  105  like that described above with an optical/electrical transducer  115 . Although associated circuitry may be provided in the apparatus  1450 , the example shows circuitry in the controller  1460 , which may be somewhat separate from or even remote from the configurable optical/electrical apparatus  850 . 
     An optical/electrical transducer  115  is a device that converts between forms of optical and electrical energy, for example, from optical energy to an electrical signal or from electrical energy to an optical output. Examples of optical-to-electrical transducers include various sensors or detectors, photovoltaic devices and the like to be individually activated for outputting the respective electrical signal in response to light. Optical-to-electrical transducers discussed herein are responsive to light, and the light may be visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, near infrared or light in other portions of the optical spectrum. 
     Examples of electrical-to-optical transducers include various light emitters, although the emitted light may be in the visible spectrum or in other wavelength ranges. Suitable light generation sources for use as the transducer  115  include various conventional lamps, such as incandescent, fluorescent or halide lamps; one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) of various types, such as planar LEDs, micro LEDs, micro organic LEDs, LEDs on gallium nitride (GaN) substrates, micro nanowire or nanorod LEDs, photo pumped quantum dot (QD) LEDs, micro plasmonic LED, micro resonant-cavity (RC) LEDs, and micro photonic crystal LEDs; as well as other sources such as micro super luminescent Diodes (SLD) and micro laser diodes. Of course, these light generation technologies are given by way of non-limiting examples, and other light generation technologies may be used to implement the transducer  115 . For example, it should be understood that non-micro versions of the foregoing light generation sources can be used. 
     When optical/electrical transducer  115  is a light source, the light source may use a single emitter to generate light or may combine light from some number of emitters that generate the light. A lamp or ‘light bulb’ is an example of a single source. An LED light engine may use a single output for a single source but typically combines light from multiple LED type emitters within the single light engine. Many types of light sources provide an illumination light output that generally appears uniform to an observer, although there may be some color or intensity striations, e.g. along an edge of a combined light output. For purposes of the present examples, however, the appearance of the light source output may not be strictly uniform across the output area or aperture of the source. For example, although the source may use individual emitters or groups of individual emitters to produce the light generated by the overall source; depending on the arrangement of the emitters and any associated mixer or diffuser, the light output may be relatively uniform across the aperture or may appear pixelated to an observer viewing the output aperture. The individual emitters or groups of emitters may be separately controllable, for example to control intensity or color characteristics of the source output. As such, the light source used as an emitter type of optical/electrical transducer  115  may or may not be pixelated for control purposes. The optical lens  105  is controlled to selectively optically change or spatially (optically) modulate the light distribution output from the transducer and thus from the apparatus  1450 . The optical lens  105  may support controlled beam steering, controlled beam shaping or a combination of controlled beam steering and shaping. 
     In another example, optical transducer  115  is an optical-to-electrical converter, that is to say, a light sensor or detector or a photovoltaic device. The overall apparatus  1450  in such a case may be configured as an imager, other light responsive sensor, light responsive power source, or the like. The light detector may be an array of light detectors, a photodetector such as a photodiode, or a photovoltaic device, depending on the desired function of optical/electrical apparatus  1450 . Other suitable light detectors for use as optical/electrical transducer  115  include charge-coupled device (CCD) arrays, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) arrays, photomultipliers, image intensifiers, phototransistors, photo resistors, thermal imagers, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) imagers. Nonetheless, virtually any detector of light may be used as the transducer  115  in an optical-to-electrical arrangement of apparatus  1460 . Suitable light detectors will be known to one of ordinary skill in the art from the description herein. The optical lens  105  is controlled to selectively optically change or spatially (optically) modulate the field of view of light coming into the apparatus  1450  for delivery to transducer  115 . The optical lens  105  may support controlled beam steering, controlled beam shaping or a combination of controlled beam steering and shaping, with respect to light from a field of intended view for the particular optical-to-electrical application of the apparatus  1450 . 
     While light source examples and light detector examples are described separately, it will be understood that both types of optical/electrical transducers  115  may be present in a single optical apparatus  1450  and/or some optical transducers can serve both input and output functions (e.g. some LEDs can be multiplexed between the emitting operation and a light detection operation). Such a combined arrangement or operation, for example, may advantageously provide capabilities to reconfigure the light output distribution in accordance with a desired light detection pattern. 
     A transducer  115 , such as a light emitter or a light detector, often connects to corresponding electrical circuitry to operate the particular type of transducer, e.g. a driver circuit to supply power to an emitter or a sense circuit to process an output signal from a detector (and provide power to the detector if necessary). Hence, to operate the transducer  115 , the controller  1460  includes corresponding driver or sense circuitry  1461 . The type of circuitry  1461  would depend on the type of transducer  115 . 
     The controller  1460  also includes a processor, one or more digital storage media, data and programming in the storage and appropriate input/output circuitry. Although other processor based architectures may be used (another example is described later regarding  FIG. 15 ), the example of controller  1460  utilizes a Micro-Control Unit (MCU)  1465 , which implements the control logic for the controller  1460  and thus of the system  1445 . For example, the MCU  1465  implements the logic for control of operations of the associated optical/electrical apparatus  1450 . Although shown as controlling only one such apparatus  1450 , the MCU and controller may control a number of such apparatuses  1450 . 
     The MCU  1465  may be a microchip device that incorporates a processor  1466  serving as the programmable central processing unit (CPU) of the MCU  1465  as well as one or more memories, represented by memory  1467  in the drawing. The memory  1467  is accessible to the processor  1466 , and the memory or memories  1467  store executable programming for the CPU formed by processor  1466  as well as data for processing by or resulting from processing of the processor  1466 . The MCU  1465  may be thought of as a small computer or computer like device formed on a single chip. Such devices are often used as the configurable control elements embedded in special purpose devices rather than in a computer or other general purpose device. A variety of available MCU chips, for example, may be used as the MCU  1465  in the controller  1460  of system  1445 . 
     The MCU  1465  in this example also includes various input and output (I/O) interfaces, shown collectively by way of example as interface  1468  in  FIG. 14 . The I/O interfaces  1468 , for example, support a control output and/or input to the driver or sense control circuitry  1461  (for the optical/electrical transducer  115 ). The I/O interfaces  1468  also support input/output communications with one or more electronic devices, which may be connected to or incorporated in the system  1445  (e.g. to provide a user interface not shown) or which may be remote. 
     In the illustrated example, the controller  1460  also includes a communication transceiver (XCVR)  1469  coupled to the processor  1466  (and possibly to the memory  1467 ) via an I/O output interface  1468  of the MCU  1465 . Although shown separately, the transceiver  1469  may be implemented in circuitry on the same chip as the elements of the MCU  1465 . Although the drawing shows only one transceiver  1469 , controller  1460  may include any number of transceivers, for example, to support additional communication protocols and/or provide communication over different communication media or channels. 
     The transceiver  1469  supports communication with other control or processing equipment, for example, with a remote user interface device and/or with a host computer of a building control and automation system (BCAS). The transceiver  1469  may also support system communication with a variety of other equipment of other parties having access to the system  1445  in an overall/networked system encompassing a number of similar systems  1445 , e.g. for access to each system  1445  by equipment of a manufacturer for maintenance or access to an on-line server for downloading of programming instructions or configuration data for setting aspects of sensing or lighting operation of the associated optical/electrical apparatus(s)  1450 . The circuitry of the transceiver  1469  may support such communication(s) over any available medium, such as wire(s), cable, optical fiber, free-space optical link or radio frequency (RF) link. 
       FIG. 15  is a simplified functional block diagram of a system  1575  combining an optical lens array  1500  like that described with one or more optical or electrical transducers  115  (combined in a configurable optical/electrical apparatus  1570 ). The drawing also depicts an example of associated circuitry, which is implemented in a controller  1580 . The optical lens array  1500  is used to provide selectively controllable beam steering and/or beam shaping for any of a variety of types of optical/electrical transducers  115 , including both light detectors and light emitters. The controller  1580  may be included in the apparatus  1570 , or the controller  1580  may be somewhat separate from or even remote from the configurable optical/electrical apparatus  1570 . 
     The optical/electrical transducer  115  may be any transducer device of the types discussed above, although the transducer  115  is configured to operate with an array  1500  of optical lenses  105 . Although the transducer  115  may be a single device, e.g. a single relatively large light source, in many examples, transducer  115  is an array of emitters and/or lighting input responsive devices (e.g. detectors or photovoltaic devices). In a luminaire example using the apparatus  1570 , the transducer  115  might include an array of high intensity LED light emitters, where each one of the emitters is coupled to one or more of the optical lenses  105  of the array  1500 . In a detector example using the apparatus  1570 , the transducer  115  might include a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor or other image detector array like any of those used in digital cameras. Each actual detector at a pixel of the image sensor array could be coupled to one or more of the optical lenses  105  of the array  1500 . 
     A transducer  115 , such as a light emitter or a light detector, often connects to corresponding electrical circuitry to operate the particular type of transducer, e.g. a driver circuit array to supply power to each emitter of an emitter array or sense circuitry to process output signals from the detectors (and provide power to the detectors if/when necessary). Hence, to operate the transducer  115 , the controller  1580  includes corresponding an array driver or sense circuit  1581 . The type of circuitry  1581  would depend on the type of transducer  115 , e.g. the particular array of emitters of a display or multi-pixel luminaire type source or the particular type of image sensor array. 
     The controller  1580  also includes a processor, which in this example, is implemented by a microprocessor  1586 . The microprocessor  1586  is programmed to implement control and other processing functions of a central processing unit (CPU) of the controller  1580 . The microprocessor  1586 , for example, may be based on any known or available microprocessor architecture, such as a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) using ARM architecture, as commonly used today in mobile devices and other portable electronic devices. Of course, other microprocessor circuitry may be used to form the CPU of the controller  1580 . Although the illustrated example includes only one microprocessor  1586 , for convenience, a controller  1580  may use a multi-processor architecture. 
     The controller  1580  also includes one or more digital storage media, represented by the memory  1587 , for storage of data and programming. The storage media represented by the memory  1587  may include volatile and/or non-volatile semiconductor memory, any suitable type of magnetic or optical storage media, etc. The microprocessor  1586  implements the control logic for the controller  1580  and thus of the system  1575 , based on executable instructions of the programming, which in the example is stored in the memory  1587 . The executable instructions may be firmware or software instructions, to configure the microprocessor  1586  to perform lighting control operations or light detection operations, etc. Based on execution of the program instructions, the microprocessor  1586 , for example, implements the logic for control of operations of the transducer  115  and the array  1500 , in the associated optical/electrical apparatus  1570 . Although shown as controlling only one such apparatus  1570 , the microprocessor  1586  and thus the controller  1580  may control a number of such apparatuses  1570 . 
     Although shown in simplified block form, the architecture of controller  1580  may be similar to that of any of a variety of types of types of other smart electronic devices, such as an architecture for a personal computer or an architecture for a mobile terminal device. 
     The processor  1466  of the MCU  1465  ( FIG. 14 ) and the microprocessor  1586  ( FIG. 15 ) are examples of processors that may be used to control the luminaire  1000  and control or respond to outputs of any associated optical/electrical transducer(s). As used herein, a processor is a hardware circuit having elements structured and arranged to perform one or more processing functions, typically various data processing functions. Although discrete logic components could be used, the examples utilize components forming a programmable central processing unit (CPU). A processor for example includes or is part of one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips incorporating the electronic elements to perform the functions of the CPU. 
     The processor  1466  or the microprocessor  1586  executes programming or instructions to configure the system  1445  or  1575  to perform various operations. For example, such operations may include various general operations (e.g., a clock function, recording and logging operational status and/or failure information) as well as various system-specific operations (e.g. controlling beam steering and beam shaping of input or output light, operation of the transducer(s) and the like) of an optical/electrical apparatus  1450  or  1570  incorporating one or more of the optical lenses  105  in an optical lens array  1500  and associated transducer(s). Although a processor may be configured by use of hardwired logic, typical processors in lighting devices are general processing circuits configured by execution of programming, e.g. instructions and any associated setting data from the memories shown or from other included storage media and/or received from remote storage media. 
       FIG. 16  is a top view of a circuit board  110  that includes an illumination light source matrix  215  disposed thereon. The circuit board  110  is configured to be positioned underneath an optical lens  205  with an elongated rectangular shape like that of  FIG. 2 , for example. The illumination light source matrix  215  disposed on the circuit board  110  includes various illumination light sources configured to be driven by electrical power to emit light rays for illumination lighting. In some examples like that shown in  FIG. 2  and in  FIG. 16 , the illumination light source matrix  215  can include an arrangement of the illumination light sources in columns  1618  or rows  1619 . When the illumination light source matrix  215  is positioned underneath the optical lens  205  like that shown in  FIG. 2 , the columns  1618  align with the length  218  of the optical lens  205  and the rows  1619  align with the width  219  of the optical lens  205 . The optical lens  205  and circuit board  110  with the illumination light source matrix  215  are incorporated into a luminaire  1000  of a lighting device like that shown in  FIG. 10 , and the lighting device further includes an illumination light source driver  1013   i  to selectively control an outputted beam pattern of the luminaire  1000 . The illumination light source driver  1013   i  is coupled to the illumination light source matrix  215  of the luminaire  1000  to selectively control illumination light sources at different locations in the illumination light source matrix  215  to emit light rays with different emission alignments relative to the at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions of the input surface  130  or the output surface  150  of the optical lens  205 , individually or in combination, to adjust at least a beam angle of the outputted beam pattern from the optical lens  205 . 
     In the example elongated rectangular shaped optical lens  205  of  FIG. 2 , the input surface  130  includes input peripheral portions  135 A-B with an aspherical, spherical, or planar shape. The input surface  130  of optical lens  205  further includes input central portions  140 A-B with an aspherical or spherical shape. The output surface  150  of the elongated rectangular shaped optical lens  205  includes output lateral portions  155 A-B with an aspherical or spherical shape. The output surface  150  of the optical lens  205  further includes output shoulder portions  162 A-B with a continuous planar shape; however, the output shoulder portions  162 A-B can have an aspherical or spherical shape. The output surface  150  of optical lens  205  further includes output body portions  161 A-B with an aspherical or spherical shape. The aspherical or spherical shapes of the portions  140 A-B  155 A-B,  161 A-B, and  162 A-B of the optical lens  205  of  FIG. 2  may be formed with conic section curves. Conic section curves are made by a plane intersecting a cone, and common conic sections include a parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, sphere, etc. The conic section curves can be stretched linearly in three-dimensional space to form three-dimensional aspherical or spherical shaped portions  135 A-B,  140 A-B  155 A-B,  161 A-B, or  162 A-B of the optical lens  205  of  FIG. 2 . Any of the portions  135 A-B,  140 A-B  155 A-B,  161 A-B, or  162 A-B of the optical lens  205  may be or include planar shaped portions, which may be continuous or discontinuous. 
     In the example, the illumination light sources are arranged in a series of linear illumination light source rows  1615 A-N. In  FIG. 2  each of the illumination light source rows  1615 A-N have a same number of illumination light sources, however, in  FIG. 16  the illumination light source rows  1615 A-N alternate in turn between two different numbers of illumination light sources. Illumination light source rows  1615 A,  1615 C, and  1615 N each include three illumination light sources and illumination light source rows  1615 B and  1615 D include two illumination light sources. Other arrangements of alternating illumination light source rows  1615 A-N may alternate between an odd number and an even number as described in the text associated with  FIG. 2  above, such as four and five illumination light sources. In other examples, illumination light source rows  1615 A-N may alternate back and forth in a pattern of three, four, five, or more sequential numbers of illumination light sources in the rows. For example, a three number sequence of 2, 3, and 4; a four number sequence of 5, 6, 7, and 8; and a five number sequence of 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. 
     Illumination light sources in the rows of the odd number of illumination light sources  1615 A,  1615 C, and  1615 N are aligned with respect to each other in columns  1618 . Illumination light sources in the rows of the even number of illumination light sources  1615 B and  1615 D are also aligned with respect to each other in columns  1618 . Once the illumination light source matrix  215  is disposed underneath the optical lens  205 , this alignment of the odd illumination light source rows  1615 A,  1615 C, and  1615 N with respect to each other and the even illumination light source rows  1615 B and  1615 D with respect to each other is along the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . Illumination light sources in the odd number of illumination light source rows  1615 A,  1615 C, and  1615 N and the even number of illumination light source rows  1615 B and  1615 D are staggered in a zig zag pattern with respect to each other along the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . 
     Illumination light source matrix  215  may include a plurality of channels and each channel is formed of a group of at least one of the illumination light sources in the rows  1615 A-N. The group can be a string of illumination light sources that span a length  218  or a width  219  of the optical lens  205  like that shown in  FIG. 2 . For example, the illumination light source matrix  215  includes an arrangement of the illumination light sources in columns  1618  or rows  1619 . The group can be by column  1618 , row  1619 , correlated color temperature, etc., as described in the text associated with  FIG. 2  above. 
     In another example, the illumination light source matrix  215  includes a middle channel and outer channels as described in the text associated with  FIG. 2  above. Illumination light source driver  1013   i  may be configured to turn on one of the outer channels individually for a spot lighting application or a regular flood lighting application. Illumination light source driver  1013   i  may be further configured to turn on the middle channel individually for a spot lighting application, a regular flood lighting application, or a wide flood lighting application. Illumination light source driver  1013   i  may be further configured to turn on the middle channel in combination with one or both of the outer channels for a wide flood lighting application. Illumination light source driver  1013   i  may be further configured to turn on the middle channel in combination with both of the outer channels for a wide flood lighting application or a diffuse lighting application. 
     In the discussion herein, a spot lighting application means a beam pattern with a spot lighting beam angle state, which is a beam angle from 4° to 20°. A flood lighting application means a beam pattern with a flood lighting beam angle state, which is a beam angle from 21° to 120°, but can be broken down into a regular flood lighting application and a wide flood lighting application. A regular flood lighting application means a beam pattern with a regular flood lighting beam angle state, which is a beam angle from 21° to 45°. A wide flood lighting application means a beam pattern with a wide flood lighting beam angle state, which is a beam angle from 45° to 120°. A diffuse lighting application means a beam pattern with a diffuse lighting beam angle state, which is a beam angle of 120° or more. 
     In another example, the illumination light source driver includes multiple channel outputs and each of the channel outputs is coupled to a respective channel to selectively control the group as described in the text associated with  FIG. 2  above. The lighting device includes a switch coupled to each of the channels. The illumination light source driver includes a single channel output coupled to the switch. The switch may switch the single channel output between each of the channels of the illumination light source matrix  215  to selectively control each group by demultiplexing, for example. 
       FIG. 17A  is a spatial plot of a beam pattern  1700 A achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser. The depicted spatial plot is on a Cartesian coordinate system, in which the X and Y axes are measured in millimeters (mm). The lighting device includes an illumination light source matrix  215  with five illumination light sources  115 A-E arranged in a cross pattern like that shown in  FIG. 1  and covered by the optical lens  105  like that described in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIGS. 1-4 and 5C , optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505  is positioned and configured to extend over the illumination light source matrix  215  and includes an input surface  130  coupled to receive incoming light rays emitted by the illumination light sources  115 A-E and an output surface  150 . Input surface  130  includes at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions to refract the incoming light rays emitted by the illumination light sources  115 A-E passing through to shape or steer the illumination lighting like that shown in  FIGS. 3, 4, and 5C . Each of the at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions of the input surface  130  are at least partially positioned over some different ones of the illumination light sources of the illumination light source matrix  215 . The at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions of the input surface  130  includes a left input central portion  135 A and a right input central portion  135 B like that shown in  FIG. 3 . The output surface  150  includes at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions to further shape or steer the refracted incoming light rays passing through into an outputted beam pattern  1700 A. 
     In the example circular or elliptical shaped optical lens  105  of  FIG. 1 , the input surface  130  includes an input peripheral portion  140  with an aspherical or spherical shape (e.g., with a conic section curve). Conic section curves are made by a plane intersecting a cone, and common conic sections include a parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, sphere, etc. Conic sections can be rotated in three-dimensional space to form aspherical or spherical portions with a conical surface, such as a paraboloid, hyperboloid, ellipsoid, oblate ellipsoid, spheroid, etc. When the conic section of the input peripheral portion  140  of optical lens  105  is described in three-dimensions as a quadric surface, the input peripheral portion  140  may form a shape like a truncated (e.g., partial) hyperboloid of one sheet. The input surface  130  of optical lens  105  further includes an input central portion  135  with an aspherical or spherical shape. When the conic section of the input central portion  135  of optical lens  105  is described in three-dimensions as a quadric surface, the input central portion  135  may form a shape like a truncated ellipsoid or spheroid. 
     The output surface  150  of the circular or elliptical shaped optical lens  105  of  FIG. 1  includes an output lateral portion  155  with an aspherical or spherical shape (e.g., conic section). When the conic section of the output lateral portion  155  of optical lens  105  is described in three-dimensions as a quadric surface, the output lateral portion  155  may form a shape like a truncated paraboloid. The output surface  150  further includes an output shoulder portion  162  with a continuous planar shape. When the conic section of the output shoulder portion  162  of optical lens  105  is described in three-dimensions as a quadric surface, the output shoulder portion  162  may form a circular planar surface, which forms a planar ring around an output body portion  161  of the output surface  150 . The output body portion  161  of optical lens  105  has an aspherical or spherical shape. When the conic section of the output body portion  161  of optical lens  105  is described in three-dimensions as a quadric surface, the output body portion  161  may form a shape like a truncated ellipsoid or spheroid. 
     Lighting device further includes an illumination light source driver  1013   i  coupled to the luminaire  1000  like that shown in  FIG. 10  to selectively control the illumination light sources  115 A-E individually or in combination to adjust at least a beam angle of the outputted beam pattern  1700 A-E from the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505 . The selective control to adjust at least the beam angle of the outputted beam pattern  1700 A includes to turn on or turn off selected illumination light sources  115 A-E of the illumination light source matrix  215  based on position under the at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions of the input surface  130 . Illumination light source driver  1013   i  selectively controls the illumination light sources  115 A-E at different locations to emit light rays with different emission alignments relative to the at least two different aspherical, spherical, or planar portions of the input surface  130  or the output surface  150  of the optical lens  105 , as shown in  FIGS. 3, 4, and 5C . 
     Returning to the spatial plot of the beam pattern  1700 A of  FIG. 17A , the illumination light source driver of the lighting device selectively controls the illumination light sources  115 A-E by turning off the four outer illumination light sources: left outer illumination light source  115 B, right outer illumination light source  115 D, top outer illumination light source  115 C, and bottom outer illumination light source  115 E. Selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  also includes only fully turning on the middle illumination light source  115 A. The depicted beam pattern  1700 A of  FIG. 17A  is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 milliamps (mA) and driving the four outer illumination light sources  115 B-E with 0 Ma. 
     As shown, the beam pattern  1700 A plotted in  FIG. 17A  has a beam distribution spread over a generally circular area. In this example setup, the beam pattern  1700 A has a radius of about 30 mm and the highest intensity light is concentrated in the middle of the beam pattern  1700 A. It should be understood that the size (e.g., radius, area, etc.) of the beam pattern  1700 A is arbitrary and varies depending on the distance between the target receiver surface and the luminaire that includes the optical lens  105 . Like a flashlight, the size of the beam pattern  1700 A becomes larger as the distance between the target receiver surface and the luminaire that includes the passive lens  105  becomes greater. The center circle area  1710  of the beam pattern  1700 A with the highest light intensity is surrounded by four ring shaped areas (or annuluses)  1720 ,  1730 ,  1740 , and  1750  of gradually less intense light intensity in the outer areas of the beam pattern  1700 A. The first ring  1720  surrounding the center circle area  1710  has the second highest light intensity. The second ring  1730  surrounding the first ring  1720  has the third highest light intensity. The third ring  1740  surrounding the second ring  1730  has the fourth highest light intensity. The outermost fourth ring  1750  surrounding the third ring  1740  has the lowest light intensity. 
       FIG. 17B  is a candela distribution plot  1700 B of the beam pattern  1700 A of  FIG. 17A . The candela distribution plot  1700 B is achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup of  FIG. 17A  without a diffuser and same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 17A . Specifically, only the middle illumination light source  115 A is fully turned on to drive the lighting device. A candela is a luminous flux per unit solid angle emitted by the illumination light source(s)  115 A-E in a particular direction. The candela distribution plot is a Cartesian luminous intensity graph which indicates the distribution of luminous intensity of radiance, which is luminous flux received by the target receiver surface, per unit solid angle per unit of projected area, in that direction (angle). Luminous intensity is shown in Si units of watts per steradian per square meter (W/sr). Candela distribution plot  1700 B includes graphs of four different cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) of the target receiver surface. Candela distribution plot  1700 B depicts fluctuations of the luminous intensity (W/sr on Y-axis) for different incident light ray angles (X-axis) for the four graphed cross-section angles of the receiver surface. The candela distribution plot  1700 B provides a visual guide to the type of distribution expected from a lighting device incorporating the optical lens  105  and illumination light source driver  1013   i , including beam angle (e.g., narrow, wide, diffuse, beam, or spot lighting application) and light intensity. The candela distribution plot  1700 B of  FIG. 17B  shows the beam pattern  1700 A of  FIG. 17A  includes a 48° beam angle for the four different receiver surface cross-section angles for a wide flood lighting application. 
       FIG. 18A  is another beam pattern  1800 A achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having an optical lens  105 . The lighting device is the same as  FIG. 17A , but the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of the lighting device selectively controls the illumination light sources  115 A-E by fully turning on the middle illumination light source  115 A and dimming the left outer illumination light source  115 B to 50%. Selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  also includes dimming the right outer middle illumination light source  115 D to 50%, and turning off the top outer illumination light source  115 C and the bottom outer illumination light source  115 E. The depicted beam pattern  1800 A of  FIG. 18A  is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 milliamps (mA), the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 30 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 30 Ma. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18A , the plotted beam pattern  1800 B has a beam distribution spread over a generally oval area with a center over area  1810  surrounded by four oval shaped rings  1820 ,  1830 ,  1840 , and  1850 . Highest intensity light is concentrated in the center oval area  1810  positioned in the middle of the beam pattern  1800 A. The first oval ring  1820  surrounding the center oval area  1810  has the second highest light intensity. The second oval ring  1830  surrounding the first oval ring  1820  has the third highest light intensity. The third oval ring  1840  surrounding the second oval ring  1830  has the fourth highest light intensity. The outermost fourth oval ring  1850  surrounding the third oval ring  1840  has the lowest light intensity and has a distorted shape with an area that skews slightly upwards and downwards. 
       FIG. 18B  is a candela distribution plot  1800 B of the beam pattern  1800 A of  FIG. 18A . The candela distribution plot  1800 B is achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup of  FIG. 18A  and same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 18A . The candela distribution plot  1800 B of  FIG. 18B  shows the beam pattern  1800 A of  FIG. 18A  includes a 82° beam angle for the four graphed cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) of the receiver surface for a wide flood lighting application. 
       FIG. 19A  is another beam pattern  1900 A achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire without a diffuser and having an optical lens  105 . The lighting device is the same as  FIG. 17A , but the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of the lighting device selectively controls the illumination light sources  115 A-E by only fully turning on the left outer illumination light source  115 B. Selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  also includes turning off the four other illumination light sources: middle illumination light source  115 A, right outer illumination light source  115 D, top outer illumination light source  115 C, and bottom outer illumination light source  115 E. The depicted beam pattern  1900 A of  FIG. 19A  is achieved by driving the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 60 Ma, and driving the middle illumination light source  115 A, right outer illumination light source  115 D, top outer illumination light source  115 C, and bottom outer illumination light source  115 E with 0 Ma. 
     As shown in  FIG. 19A , the plotted beam pattern  1900 A has a beam distribution spread over a generally oval area, but this time the beam pattern  1900 A is concentrated to the left of the origin based on the driving of only the left outer illumination light source  115 B. Highest intensity light is concentrated in the center oval area  1910  positioned to the left of the origin. The center oval area  1910  of the beam pattern  1900 A with the highest light intensity is surrounded by four oval ring shaped rings (or annuluses)  1920 ,  1930 ,  1940 , and  1950  of gradually less intense light intensity in the outer areas of the beam pattern  1900 A like  FIGS. 17A and 18A . 
       FIG. 19B  is a candela distribution plot  1900 B of the beam pattern  1900 A of  FIG. 19A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device setup of  FIG. 19A  without a diffuser. The same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 19A  is utilized where the left outer illumination light source  115 B is turned fully on and the four other illumination light sources (middle  115 A, right outer  115 D, top outer  115 C, and bottom outer  115 E) are turned off. The candela distribution plot  1900 B of  FIG. 19B  shows the beam pattern  1900 A of  FIG. 19A  includes a 31° beam angle for the four graphed cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) of the receiver surface for a regular flood lighting application with 40° of steering. 
       FIG. 20A  is a spatial plot of a beam pattern  2000 A achieved with a lighting device like  FIG. 17A , but that further includes a 20° diffuser. In the example, the 20° diffuser is manufactured by Luminit, LLC of Torrance, Calif. The 20° diffuser helps smooth out the beam pattern  2000 A and improves color mixing by reducing color separation, which was observed in the examples of  FIGS. 17-19 . In the example, the 20° diffuser is formed as an additional layer coupled to the output surface  150 , to receive and diffuse the outputted beam pattern  2000 A from the optical lens  105 . However, in some examples, the diffuser may be incorporated into the output surface  150  of the optical lens  105  as a roughened texture. The exact same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 17A  is utilized where only the middle illumination light source  115 A is fully turned on and driven with 60 mA to drive the lighting device and the remaining illumination light sources  115 B-E are driven off with 0 mA. 
     As shown in the example setup of  FIG. 20A , the plotted beam pattern  2000 A is relatively circular with a beam distribution spread over the circular area which has a radius of about 30 mm. It should be understood that the size (e.g., radius, area, etc.) of the beam pattern  2000 A is arbitrary and varies depending on the distance between the target receiver surface and the luminaire that includes the optical lens  105 . Higher intensity light is concentrated in the middle of the 30 mm circle shaped area. As shown, the center circle area  2010  of the beam pattern  2000 A with the highest light intensity is surrounded by four ring shaped areas (or annuluses)  2020 ,  2030 ,  2040 , and  2050  of gradually less intense light intensity in the outer areas of the beam pattern  2000 A. 
     Although only five illumination light sources  115 A-E are utilized with the optical lens  105  to generate the plot of  FIGS. 17A-B  and  20 A-B, in some examples, a lighting device with a layout like that shown in  FIG. 2  with an elongated rectangular shaped optical lens  205  can be utilized and driven by the illumination light source driver  1013   i . In one example, all illumination light sources positioned only under the left input central portion  135 A are turned off, for example, positioned in the left outer column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . All illumination light sources positioned only under the right input central portion  135 B are turned off, for example, positioned in the right outer column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . In addition, all illumination light sources positioned under both the left input central portion  135 A and the right central input portion  135 B are turned on, for example, positioned in the middle column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . 
       FIG. 20B  is a candela distribution plot  2000 B of the beam pattern  2000 A of  FIG. 20A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device of  FIG. 20A  with a 20° diffuser. The same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 20A  is applied where only the middle illumination light source  115 A is fully turned on with 60 mA to drive the lighting device. The candela distribution plot  2000 B of  FIG. 20B  shows the beam pattern  2000 A of  FIG. 20A  includes a 46° beam angle for the four graphed cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) of the receiver surface for a wide flood lighting application 
       FIG. 21A  is another spatial plot of a beam pattern  2100 A achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire with a 20° diffuser and having an optical lens  105 . The lighting device is the same as  FIG. 20A . The same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 18A  is utilized where the left outer illumination light source  115 B is dimmed to 50% with 30 mA, the middle illumination light source  115 A is turned fully on with 60 mA, the right outer middle illumination light source  115 D is dimmed to 50% with 30 mA, and the top outer illumination light source  115 C and bottom outer illumination light source  115 E are turned off with 0 mA. The beam pattern  2100 A plotted in  FIG. 21A  has a beam distribution spread over a generally oval area. Highest intensity light is concentrated in the center oval area  2110 . The center oval area  2110  of the beam pattern with the highest light intensity is surrounded by four oval rings (or annuluses)  2120 ,  2130 ,  2140 , and  2150  with oval shaped areas of gradually less intense light intensity in the outer areas of the beam pattern  2100 A. 
       FIG. 21B  is a candela distribution plot  2100 B of the beam pattern  2100 A of  FIG. 21A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device of  FIG. 21A  with a 20° diffuser. The same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 21A  is utilized. The candela distribution plot  2100 B of  FIG. 21B  shows the beam pattern  2100 A of  FIG. 21A  includes a 76° beam angle for the four graphed cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) for a wide flood lighting application with a luminous intensity that fluctuates depending on the incident light ray angle. 
     Although only five illumination light sources  115 A-E are utilized with the optical lens  105  to generate the plot of  FIGS. 21A-B  and  18 A-B, in some examples, a lighting device with a layout like that shown in  FIG. 2  with an elongated rectangular shaped optical lens  205  can be utilized and driven by the illumination light source driver  1013   i . In one example, the selective control to adjust the outputted beam pattern  1800 A,  2100 A further includes to dim to vary a light intensity of the illumination light sources of the illumination light source matrix  215 . All illumination light sources positioned only under the left input central portion  135 A are dimmed, for example, positioned in the left outer column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . All illumination light sources positioned only under the right input central portion  135 B are dimmed, for example, positioned in the right outer column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . In addition, all illumination light sources centrally positioned under both the left input central portion  135 A and the right central portion  135 B are turned on, for example, positioned in the middle column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . 
       FIG. 22A  is another spatial plot of a beam pattern  2200 A achieved with a lighting device that includes a luminaire with a 20° diffuser and having an optical lens  105 . The lighting device is the same as  FIG. 20A . The same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 19A  is utilized where the left outer illumination light source  115 B is turned fully on with 60 mA and the four other illumination light sources (middle  115 A, right outer  115 D, top outer  115 C, and bottom outer  115 E) are turned off with 0 mA. 
     As shown in  FIG. 22A , the beam pattern  2200 A plotted has a beam distribution spread over a generally circular area. Highest intensity light is concentrated in the middle area positioned to the left of the origin. As shown, the center circle area  2210  of the beam pattern  2200 A with the highest light intensity area is surrounded by four ring shaped areas (or annuluses)  2220 ,  2230 ,  2340 , and  2250  of gradually less intense light intensity in the outer areas of the beam pattern  2200 A. 
       FIG. 22B  is a candela distribution plot  2200 B of the beam pattern  2200 A of  FIG. 22A  achieved utilizing the same lighting device of  FIG. 22A  with a 20° diffuser. The same selective control of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 22A  is utilized. The candela distribution plot  2200 B of  FIG. 22B  shows the beam pattern  2200 A of  FIG. 22A  includes a 39° beam angle for the four graphed cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) for a regular flood lighting application with 26° of steering, and a luminous intensity that fluctuates depending on the incident light ray angle. 
     Although only five illumination light sources  115 A-E are utilized with the optical lens  105  to generate the plot of  22 A-B and  19 A-B, in some examples, a lighting device with a layout like that shown in  FIG. 2  with an elongated rectangular shaped optical lens  205  can be utilized and driven by the illumination light source driver  1013   i . In one example, all illumination light sources positioned only under the left input central portion  135 A are turned on, for example, positioned in the left outer column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . All illumination light sources positioned only under the right input central portion  135 B are turned off, for example, positioned in the right outer column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . In addition, all illumination light sources positioned under both the left input central portion  135 A and the right central input portion  135 B are turned off, in other words, positioned in the middle column spanning the length  218  of the optical lens  205 . In addition, the illumination light sources can include sources configured to emit light of different correlated color temperatures. For example, illumination light sources positioned only under the left input central portion  135 A are of the same color temperature and grouped together. Illumination light sources only under the only under the right input central portion  135 B and under both the left input central portion  135 A and the right central input portion  135 B are each of a different respective color temperature. Hence, the adjustment to the outputted beam pattern  2200 A may further include a change of correlated color temperature to outputted light by turning on the group of illumination light sources only under the left input central portion  135 A with the same correlated color temperature. 
       FIG. 23  is a light intensity plot  2300  over various beam angles of the outputted beam patterns corresponding to  FIGS. 17A-B ,  18 A-B, and  19 A-B. As shown, the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of the lighting device selectively controls different illumination light sources  115 A-E individually or in combination to adjust at least a beam angle of the outputted beam pattern from the optical lens  105 . The light intensity of the beam pattern can also be selectively controlled. In the lighting device without the diffuser example of  FIG. 23 , the optical efficiency is about 86% to 90%. 
     As shown in  FIG. 23 , five depicted beam patterns are achieved by driving the illumination light sources  115 A-E. In the first beam pattern example, a 45° beam angle for a regular flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 milliamps (mA) and the outer illumination light sources  115 B-E with 0 Ma. In the second beam pattern example, a 50° beam angle a for wide flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 mA, the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 10 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 10 Ma. In the third beam pattern example, an 82° beam angle for a wide flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 30 mA, the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 30 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 10 Ma. In the fourth beam pattern example, an 89° beam angle for a wide flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 mA, the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 60 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 60 Ma. In the fifth beam pattern example, a 20° beam angle for a spot lighting application with a steering angle of 34° is achieved by driving the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 60 mA, and the middle illumination light source  115 A and outer illumination light sources  115 C-E with 0 mA. 
       FIG. 24  is a light intensity plot  2400  over various beam angles of the outputted beam patterns corresponding to  FIGS. 20A-B ,  21 A-B, and  22 A-B. As noted above, the diffuser is configured to smooth a lighting distribution of the outputted beam pattern or mix colors in the outputted beam pattern. The illumination light source driver  1013   i  of the lighting device selectively controls different illumination light sources  115 A-E individually or in combination to adjust at least a beam angle of the outputted beam pattern from the optical lens  105 . The light intensity of the beam pattern can also be selectively controlled. In the lighting device example of  FIG. 24  with the 20° diffuser, the optical efficiency is about 76% to 80%. 
     As shown in  FIG. 24 , five depicted beam patterns are achieved by driving the illumination light sources  115 A-E. In the first beam pattern example, a 45° beam angle for a regular flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 mA and the outer illumination light sources  115 B-E with 0 Ma. In the second beam pattern example, a 50° beam angle for a wide flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 mA, the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 10 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 10 Ma. In the third beam pattern example, a 67° beam angle for a wide flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 30 mA, the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 30 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 10 Ma. In the fourth beam pattern example, an 80° beam angle for a wide flood lighting application is achieved by driving the middle illumination light source  115 A with 60 mA, the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 60 Ma, and the right outer illumination light source  115 D with 60 mA. In the fifth beam pattern example, a 30° beam angle for a regular flood lighting application with a steering angle of 28° is achieved by driving the left outer illumination light source  115 B with 60 mA, and the middle illumination light source  115 A and outer illumination light sources  115 C-E with 0 mA. 
       FIG. 25  is a perspective view of a lighting device  2500 . Lighting device  2500  includes another circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505  somewhat like the optical lens  105  shown in  FIG. 1 . Lighting device  2500  includes a luminaire  1000  like that shown in  FIG. 10 . The luminaire  1000  includes an illumination light source matrix  215 . The illumination light source matrix  215  includes various illumination light sources, including the depicted middle illumination light sources  2515 A-B and outer illumination light sources  115 E-K, which are configured to be driven by electrical power to emit light rays for illumination lighting. 
     In the particular example, the illumination light source matrix  215  includes an arrangement of the illumination light sources and that arrangement includes an inner illumination light source matrix  2536  and an outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . In the example of  FIG. 25 , there are actually 16 total illumination light sources  2515 A-P. As further shown in  FIG. 28 , inner illumination light source matrix  2536  includes four middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D and outer illumination light source matrix  2537  includes 12 outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P. However, only half of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  and a subset of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  are visible. Hence, only two of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-B and seven of outer illumination light sources  2515 E-K are shown in  FIG. 25 . This is just one example and the number and layout of the illumination light source matrix  215  can vary depending on the application. In order to show half the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-B and outer illumination light sources  2515 E-K under the optical lens  105 , only half of the optical lens  2505  is visible in  FIG. 25 . Note that outer illumination light sources  2515 E and  2515 K are cut in half in the depicted cross-section, thus the size disparity. However, it should be understood that the remaining half of the optical lens  2505 , which is not visible in  FIG. 25  is a mirror image of the visible portion of the optical lens  2505 . 
     The total number of illumination light sources  2515 A-P in the illumination light source matrix  215  of  FIG. 25  is just one example. Illumination light source matrix  215  can include fewer or more than 16 illumination light sources  2515 A-P. Inner illumination light source matrix  2536  can include fewer or more than four middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D. Outer illumination light source matrix  2537  can include fewer or more than 12 outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P. Moreover, illumination light source matrix  215  can include illumination light sources  2515   x  located in between the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  and the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 , for example, as an intermediate ring formed between an inner ring and an outer ring of illumination light sources. 
     The overall contour of the optical lens  2505  is further shown in the isometric view of the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 26  and the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 27 . Although the general shape of the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 25  is similar to the optical lens  105  of  FIG. 1 , the contours of the input surface  130  and the output surface  150  of the optical lens  250  vary from the optical lens  105 . Optical lens  2505  is positioned and configured to extend over the illumination light source matrix  215 . For example, optical lens  2505  has a light source opening  117  to receive the illumination light sources  2515 A-P and the perimeter of the light source opening  117  may generally follow the profile shape of the optical lens  2505 . Optical lens  2505  includes an input surface  130  coupled to receive incoming light rays emitted by the middle illumination light sources  115 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  and the outer illumination light sources  115 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . 
     Input surface  130  includes an input peripheral portion  140  and an input central portion  135  to refract the incoming light rays emitted by the illumination light sources  2515 A-P passing through to shape or steer the illumination lighting like that shown in  FIGS. 29-30 . The input peripheral portion  140  may form the light source opening  117  in an end of the optical lens  2505  to cover and collect light output from the illumination light sources  115 A-P. The input peripheral portion  140  and the input central portion  135  each include a conical surface. The conical surface of the input peripheral portion  140  includes a truncated hyperboloid of one sheet shape. The conical surface of the input central portion  135  includes a truncated ellipsoid or spheroid shape. As further shown in the isometric view of the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 26  and the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 27 , the input peripheral portion  140  includes a spherical surface and the input central portion  135  includes an aspherical surface. 
     Optical lens  2505  further includes an output surface  150 . The output surface  150  includes an output lateral portion  155 , an output shoulder portion  162 , and an output body portion  161 . Output lateral portion  155 , output shoulder portion  162 , and output body portion  161  further refract or total internally reflect the refracted incoming light rays passing through to shape or steer the illumination lighting into an outputted beam pattern from the optical lens  2505  like that shown in  FIGS. 29-33 . In an example, the output shoulder portion  162  is continuous and annularly arranged around the output body portion  161 . The output lateral portion  155  has a total internal reflection (TIR) contour. 
     The output lateral portion  155 , the output shoulder portion  162 , and the output body portion  161  can each include a conical surface. The conical surface of the output lateral portion  155  includes a truncated paraboloid shape. The conical surface of the output body portion  161  includes another truncated ellipsoid or spheroid shape. The conical surface of the output shoulder portion  162  includes a circular planar surface forming a planar ring around the output body portion  161 . As further shown in the isometric view of the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 26  and the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 27 , the output lateral portion  155  includes a spherical surface and the output body portion  161  includes an aspherical surface. The output shoulder  162  portion abuts the output body portion  161  and slopes upwards from the output body portion  161  to intersect the output lateral portion  155 . 
     In a variation from the circular or oval shape of  FIG. 25 , the optical lens  2505  can also be extruded into an elongated rectangular shape like that shown in  FIG. 2 . In this elongated rectangular shape, the optical lens  2505  has similar surface contours like that shown in the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 27 . For example, the input peripheral portion  140  includes a spherical surface and the input central portion  135  includes an aspherical surface. Similarly, the output lateral portion  155  includes a spherical surface and the output body portion  161  includes an aspherical surface. The portions  135 ,  140 ,  155 ,  161 , and  162  can be bisected into left and right portions like that shown in  FIG. 2 . For example, left and right output shoulder portions each include a continuous planar surface, and are linearly arranged on opposing sides of a length of the output body portion  161 . 
     Lighting device  2500  further includes an illumination light source driver  1013   i  coupled to the luminaire  1000  like that shown in  FIG. 10 . Illumination light source driver  1013   i  is coupled to the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  and the outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  of the luminaire  1000 . Illumination light source driver  1013   i  selectively controls illumination light sources  2515 A-P at different locations in the illumination light source matrix  215  to emit light rays with different emission alignments relative to the input peripheral portion  140  or the input central portion  135  of the input surface  130  of the optical lens  2505 . The selective control of the illumination light sources  2515 A-P is individually or in combination, to adjust the outputted beam pattern from the optical lens  2505  as shown in  FIGS. 29-33 . 
       FIG. 28  is a top view of an illumination light source matrix  215 . Illumination light source matrix  215  may be disposed on a circuit board and is configured to be positioned underneath the circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505  like that shown in  FIG. 25 . The illumination light source matrix  215  includes various illumination light sources  2515 A-P configured to be driven by electrical power to emit light rays for illumination lighting. In the example of  FIG. 28 , the illumination light source matrix  215  includes an inner illumination light source matrix  2536  of middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D and an outer illumination light source matrix  2537  of outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P. Middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  are arranged in rows and columns. Outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  are annularly arranged as an outer ring  2838  around the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D. 
       FIG. 29  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 25  illustrating steering or shaping through aspheric or spheric convex surfaces and a planar surface of the optical lens  2505 , for example. Traces of several light rays, including light rays  1 - 4 , emitted by a middle illumination light source  2515 A of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  are shaped and steered through the surfaces of the optical lens  2505 . The optical lens  2505  collimates the beam distribution for the depicted middle illumination light source  2515 A. It should be understood that the optical lens  2505  behaves similarly for any of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536 . 
     In the example, a cross-section of the optical lens  2505  is illustrated in which an optical axis A of the optical lens  2505  passes through a middle of the input central portion  135  and the output body portion  161  of the optical lens  2505 . The optical axis A appears to bisect the cross-section of the example circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505  into left and right sides. As shown, middle illumination light source  2515 A is in the central area underneath the circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505 . For the middle illumination light source  2515 A, the optical lens  2505  behaves like a collimating lens for incoming light rays  1 - 4  emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A. As long as there is a refractive index change, a light ray will typically follow the Fresnel law for refraction and reflection. For refraction, the only situation that the propagation angle does not change is when the incident ray is normal to the interface where there is an index change. 
     As shown, rays emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A can be divided into four categories. Category one is on axis angle light, such as incoming light ray  1 , which happens to travel along the optical axis A and undergoes no propagation angle change upon passing through the optical lens  2505 . Category two is low angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A and pass through the input central portion  135  and then the output body portion  161 , and obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  2  is such a low angle incoming light ray emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A and passes through the input central portion  135  where incoming light ray  2  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  2  then passes through the output body portion  161  and is refracted once again. Hence, the doubly refracted light ray  2  is effectively steered between a two lens system formed by the input central portion  135  and the output body portion  161 . 
     Category three is high angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A, pass through the input peripheral portion  140 , strike the output lateral portion  155 , and then pass through the output shoulder portion  162 . Incoming light ray  3  is such a high angle incoming light ray emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A and passes through the input peripheral portion  140  where incoming light ray  3  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  3  then strikes the output lateral portion  155 , where refracted incoming light ray  3  undergoes total internal reflection (TIR). In this example, the TIR incoming light ray  3  then passes through the output shoulder portion  162  where the TIR incoming light ray  3  undergoes refraction. It should be understood that the refraction angle depends on the required beam distribution, thus the curve or slope of the output shoulder portion  162  can be adjusted (e.g., upwards, downwards, flat) according to the beam distribution requirement. 
     Category four is medium angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A, pass through the input peripheral portion  140 , strike the output lateral portion  155 , and then pass through the output shoulder portion  162 . Incoming light ray  4  is such a medium angle incoming light ray emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A and passes through the input peripheral portion  140  where incoming light ray  4  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  4  then strikes the output lateral portion  155 , where refracted incoming light ray  4  undergoes total internal reflection (TIR). The TIR incoming light ray  4  then passes through the output shoulder portion  162  where the TIR incoming light ray  4  undergoes refraction 
     Although incoming light rays  1 - 4  are only shown as emitted on the right side of the middle illumination light source  2515 A as bisected by the optical axis A, it should be understood that incoming light rays are emitted and travel on the left side of the middle illumination light source  2515 A. Moreover,  FIG. 29  is just a two-dimensional cross-section of the three-dimensional structures of the circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505  and the middle illumination light source  2515 A, as shown in  FIG. 25 , for example. In three-dimensional space, many more incoming light rays are emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A, which travel 360° around the middle illumination light source  2515 A through the portions  135 ,  140 ,  155 ,  161 , and  162  of the optical lens  2505 . Due to the symmetry of the circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505 , the incoming light rays travelling 360° around the middle illumination light source  2515 A through the optical lens  2505  behave depending on four categories: on axis, low angle, medium angle, or high angle incoming light rays. If the optical lens  2505  has an elongated rectangular shape, the incoming light rays will also behave depending on category. 
     As shown in the example of  FIG. 29 , incoming light rays  1 - 4  for illumination lighting emitted by at least one middle illumination light source  2515 A of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  first pass through the input surface  130  where the incoming light rays undergo refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. After passing through the input surface  130 , the refracted incoming light rays  1 - 4  then pass through the output body portion  161  or the output shoulder portion  162  of the output surface  150  where the incoming light rays are collimated to shape or steer the illumination lighting into a symmetric beam distribution. For example, incoming light rays  3  and  4  emitted by the at least one middle illumination light source  2515 A of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  undergo refraction when passing through the input peripheral portion  140 . Additionally, the refracted incoming light rays  3  and  4  then strike the output lateral portion  155  where the refracted incoming light rays  3  and  4  undergo total internal reflection (TIR). The TIR incoming light rays  3  and  4  then pass through the output shoulder portion  162  to undergo refraction to collimate the TIR incoming light rays  3  and  4 . 
       FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 25  illustrating steering or shaping through aspheric or spheric convex surfaces and a planar surface of the optical lens  2505 , for example. Traces of several light rays, including light rays  1 - 3 , emitted by an outer illumination light source  2515 E of the outer illumination light source matrix  2536  are shaped and steered through the surfaces of the optical lens  2505 . The optical lens  2505  creates an asymmetric beam distribution for the depicted outer illumination light source  2515 E. It should be understood that the optical lens  2505  behaves similarly for any of the outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . 
     Outer illumination light source  2515 E is underneath the optical lens  2505  on the side towards the input peripheral portion  140  on the border between the input peripheral portion  140  and the input central portion  135 . Hence, outer illumination light source  2515 E is in the area outside of the central area of the input central portion  135  where the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  is located and through which the optical axis A passes. For the outer illumination light source  2515 E, the optical lens  2505  transforms incoming light rays emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E into an asymmetric distribution. As shown, emitted incoming light rays  1 - 3  from the outer illumination light source  2515 E can be divided into three categories similar to the middle illumination light source  2515 A, as previously described in  FIG. 30 . 
     Category one is high angle incoming light rays which are emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E, pass through the input peripheral portion  140  and strike the output lateral portion  155 . Such high angle incoming light rays obey the Fresnel equations. Incoming light ray  1  is such a high angle incoming light ray emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E and passes through the input peripheral portion  140  where incoming light ray  1  undergoes minor refraction or no refraction at all. For refraction, the only situation that the propagation angle does not change is when the incident ray is normal to the interface where there is an index change. The refracted or unrefracted incoming light ray  1  then strikes the output lateral portion  155  and undergoes total internal reflection (TIR). 
     Category two is medium to low angle incoming light rays, which are emitted by the outer illumination light source outer  2515 E and pass through the input central portion  135  and then the output body portion  161 . Incoming light ray  2  is such a medium to low angle incoming light ray emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E and passes through the input central portion  135  where incoming light ray  2  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  2  then passes through the output body portion  161  and is refracted once again. Hence, the doubly refracted light ray  2  is effectively steered between an active two lens system formed by the input central portion  135  and the output body portion  161  of the optical lens  2505 . 
     Category three is medium to low angle incoming light rays, which are emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E, pass through the input peripheral portion  140 , strike the output lateral portion  155 , and then pass through the output shoulder portion  162 . Incoming light ray  3  is such a medium to low angle incoming light ray emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E and passes through the input peripheral portion  140  where incoming light ray  3  is refracted. The refracted incoming light ray  3  then strikes the output lateral portion  155 , where refracted incoming light ray  3  undergoes total internal reflection (TIR). The TIR incoming light ray  3  then passes through the output shoulder portion  162  where the TIR incoming light ray  3  passes with further refraction. 
     As shown in the example of  FIG. 30 , incoming light rays  1 - 3  for illumination lighting emitted by at least one outer illumination light source  2515 E of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  first pass through the input surface  130  where the incoming light rays  1 - 3  undergo refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. After passing through the input surface  130 , the refracted incoming light rays  1 - 3  then pass through the output body portion  161  or the output shoulder portion  162  of the output surface  150  where the refracted incoming light rays  1 - 3  undergo further refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting into an asymmetric beam distribution. For incoming light ray  2 , the refraction is little to none through the input peripheral portion  140 . For example, incoming light rays  1  and  3  emitted by the at least one outer illumination light source  2515 E of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  undergo refraction when passing through the input peripheral portion  140 . Additionally, the refracted incoming light rays  1  and  3  then strike the output lateral portion  155  where the refracted incoming light rays  1  and  3  undergo total internal reflection (TIR). The TIR incoming light rays  1  and  3  then pass through the output shoulder portion  162  to undergo refraction. 
     In both  FIGS. 29-30 , the output lateral portion  155  includes a total internal reflection (TIR) contour. Incoming light ray  3  and  4  for illumination lighting emitted by the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  in  FIG. 29  and incoming light rays  1  and  3  of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  in  FIG. 30  first pass through the input surface  130  where the incoming light rays undergo refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. All incoming light rays emitted by the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  and the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  that strike the output lateral portion  155  undergo TIR to shape the illumination lighting. 
       FIG. 30  is just a two-dimensional cross-section of the three-dimensional structures of the circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505  and the outer illumination light source  2515 E, as shown in  FIG. 25 , for example. In three-dimensional space, many more incoming light rays are emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E, which travel 360° around the outer illumination light source  2515 E through the portions  135 ,  140 ,  155 ,  161 , and  162  of the optical lens  2505 . Due to the symmetry of the circular or oval shaped optical lens  2505 , the incoming light rays travelling 360° around the outer illumination light source  2515 E through the optical lens  2505  behave depending on the three categories: high angle, medium to low angle passing through input central portion  135 , or medium to low angle passing through input peripheral portion  140 . If the optical lens  2505  has an elongated rectangular shape, the incoming light rays will also behave depending on category. 
     The illumination light sources  115 A-P are utilized in the lighting device  2500  of  FIG. 25  as electrical transducers to convert an electrical signal into light output, in other words, transform electrical power into light. However, in a manner similar to that depicted in  FIGS. 8-9, 14, and 15  and described in the associated text, the optical lens  2505  can also be utilized with an optical transducer, such as a photo sensor or a photovoltaic device. The optical lens  2505  and the optical transducer can be incorporated into a configurable optical/electrical apparatus  1450  and  1570  in the systems  1445  and  1575  of  FIGS. 14-15 . Hence, in the example of  FIG. 29 , a middle optical transducer  815 A like that shown in  FIG. 8  may be positioned under the optical lens  2505  and light rays to be optically sensed steered to the middle optical transducer  815 A through the surfaces of the optical lens  2505  to produce an electrical signal. In the example of  FIG. 30 , an outer optical transducer  815 D like that shown in  FIG. 8  may be positioned under the optical lens  2505  and light rays to be optically sensed steered to the outer optical transducer  815 D through the surfaces of the optical lens  2505  to produce an electrical signal. 
     In a first optical/electrical transducer example, an optical device includes an optical-to-electrical transducer matrix. Each optical-to-electrical transducer in the optical-to-electrical transducer matrix is configured to be driven by received light to produce a respective electrical signal and to be individually activated for outputting the respective electrical signal in response to the received light. An optical lens is positioned over the optical-to-electrical transducer matrix, which includes an input surface and an output surface coupled to direct light to the optical-to-electrical transducer matrix. The input surface includes an input lateral portion, an input shoulder portion, and an input body portion. The input lateral portion extends towards the optical-to-electrical transducer matrix, curves towards the input peripheral portion, and intersects the output shoulder portion. The input lateral portion, the input shoulder portion, the input body portion, the output peripheral portion, and the output central portion each include a conical surface. 
     The conical surface of the input lateral portion includes a truncated paraboloid shape. The conical surface of the input body portion includes a truncated ellipsoid or spheroid shape. The conical surface of the input shoulder portion includes a circular planar surface forming a planar ring around the input body portion. The conical surface of the output peripheral portion includes a truncated hyperboloid of one sheet shape. The conical surface of the output central portion includes another truncated ellipsoid or spheroid shape. 
     The optical-to-electrical transducer matrix includes an inner optical-to-electrical transducer matrix of middle optical-to-electrical transducers. The optical-to-electrical transducer matrix includes an outer optical-to-electrical transducer matrix of outer optical-to-electrical transducers. The middle optical-to-electrical transducers are arranged in rows and columns. The outer optical-to-electrical transducers are annularly arranged as an outer ring around the middle optical-to-electrical transducers. Each optical-to-electrical transducer is a photo sensor or a photovoltaic device. 
     In a second optical/electrical transducer example, a device includes an optical lens including a first surface and a second surface having at least one portion that includes a conical surface. The device further includes a circuit board including a plurality of individually operable transducers optically coupled to the first surface of the optical lens, each transducer of a type capable of being driven by electrical power to emit light or of being driven by light to produce an electrical signal. The optical lens includes a first surface and a second surface. Each of the first surface and the second surface have at least one portion that includes a conical surface. The first surface includes a peripheral portion and a central portion. The conical surface of the peripheral portion includes a truncated hyperboloid of one sheet shape. The conical surface of the central portion includes a truncated ellipsoid or spheroid shape. The second surface includes a lateral portion, a shoulder portion, and a body portion. The conical surface of the lateral portion includes a truncated paraboloid shape. The conical surface of the body portion includes another truncated ellipsoid or spheroid shape. The conical surface of the shoulder portion includes a circular planar surface forming a planar ring around the body portion. A controller is coupled to selectively activate the transducers to selectively adjust a beam of light output or a field of view of the device through the optical lens. The transducers are light sources or optical-to-electrical transducers. 
       FIGS. 31-33  are candela distribution plots achieved with various selective controls of the illumination light source driver  1013   i  of  FIG. 10 . A detailed explanation of a candela distribution plot is provided in the associated text of  FIG. 17B  above and the candela distribution plots  3100 ,  3200 ,  3300  of  FIGS. 31-33  should be understood similarly. The principal difference is that candela distribution plots  3100 ,  3200 ,  3300  of  FIGS. 31-33  each include graphs of 18 different cross-section angles (0° to 170° in 10° increments) of the target receiver surface. In contrast,  FIG. 17B  includes graphs of four different cross-section angles (0°, 45°, 135°, and 180°) of the target receiver surface. 
     In the examples of  FIGS. 31-33 , illumination light source matrix  215  is positioned underneath the optical lens  2505 , for example, in the light source opening  117 . The optical lens  2505  with the illumination light source matrix  215  are incorporated into a luminaire  1000  of the lighting device  2500  like that shown in  FIG. 10 . Lighting device  2500  further includes the illumination light source driver  1013   i  to selectively control illumination light sources  2515 A-P at different locations in the illumination light source matrix  215  to adjust an outputted beam pattern of the luminaire  1000 . 
       FIG. 31  is a candela distribution plot  3100  achieved with a lighting device  2500  that includes a luminaire  1000  without a diffuser and having the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 25 . In this candela distribution plot  3100 , illumination light source driver  1013   i  only fully turns on all of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536 . The beam angle of the symmetric beam distribution achieves a spot lighting beam angle state, which is 15° in the particular example, but as previously discussed the spot lighting beam angle state is a beam angle from 4° to 20°. To adjust the outputted beam pattern to achieve the depicted symmetric beam distribution of  FIG. 31 , the illumination light source driver  1013   i  selectively controls the illumination light sources  2515 A-P of the illumination light source matrix  215 . The selective control includes turning on or dimming at least one of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536 . For example, a single one of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D is turned on or dimmed; or two, three, or four (e.g., all) of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D are turned on or dimmed. The selective control further includes turning off all outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . 
       FIG. 32  is a candela distribution plot  3200  achieved with a lighting device  2500  that includes a luminaire  1000  without a diffuser and having the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 25 . In this candela distribution plot  3200 , illumination light source driver  1013   i  only fully turns on all outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . To adjust the outputted beam pattern to achieve the depicted symmetric beam distribution of  FIG. 32 , the illumination light source driver  1013   i  selectively controls the illumination light sources  2515 A-P of the illumination light source matrix  215 . The selective control includes turning off all middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536 . The selective control further includes turning on or dimming all outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . 
       FIG. 33  is a candela distribution plot  3300  achieved with a lighting device  2500  that includes a luminaire  1000  without a diffuser and having the optical lens  2505  of  FIG. 25 . In this candela distribution plot  3300 , illumination light source driver  1013   i  only fully turns on a single outer illumination light source  2515 E of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . To adjust the outputted beam pattern to achieve the depicted asymmetric beam distribution of  FIG. 33 , the illumination light source driver  1013   i  selectively controls the illumination light sources  2515 A-P of the illumination light source matrix  215 . The selective control includes turning on or dimming a subset of outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537 . For example, a single one (e.g.,  2515 E) of the outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P is turned on or dimmed. The selective control further includes turning off remaining outer illumination light sources excluded from the subset of the outer illumination light sources  2515 E-P. For example, remaining outer illumination light sources  2515 F-P are turned off. The selective control further includes turning off all middle illumination light sources  2515 A-D of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536 . 
       FIG. 34A  is a cross-sectional view of a circular or oval shaped optical lens  3405  somewhat like that shown in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 34B  is an isometric view of the optical lens  3405  of  FIG. 34A .  FIG. 34C  is a perspective view of a lighting device  100 , including a circuit board  110  with illumination light sources  2515 A-L and the optical lens  3405  of  FIGS. 34A-B  positioned over the illumination light sources  2515 A-L on the circuit board  110 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 34A-C , a lighting device  100  includes a plurality of individually controllable illumination light sources  2515 A-L configured to be driven by electrical power to emit light. The lighting device  100  further includes an optical lens  100  positioned over the illumination light sources  2515 A-L. The optical lens  3405  has a plurality of aspherical, spherical, or planar surfaces, including an input surface  130  coupled to receive light from the illumination light sources  2515 A-L and an output surface  150 . 
     The input surface  130  includes an input peripheral portion  140  and an input central portion  135 . The input peripheral portion  140  extends from the illumination light sources  2515 A-L and includes a plurality of input peripheral segments  3480 A-H (eight of which are shown) that are discontinuous. A subset of or all of the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H in aggregate (input peripheral aggregation  3410  of input peripheral segments  3480 C-E) curve from a first region  3415  of the input surface  130  near the illumination light sources  2515 A-L to a second region  3416  of the input surface  130  near the input central portion  135 . Thus, input central portion  135  can include an aspherical, spherical, planar or freeform shape. The input central portion  135  can include a plurality of input central segments  3485 A-N that are discontinuous. In the example of  FIGS. 34A-C , a subset of or all of the input central segments  3485 A-N in aggregate (input central aggregation  3420  of input central segments  3485 A-N) curve towards the illumination light sources  2515 A-L. In the example of  FIGS. 37A-B , a subset of or all of the input central segments  3485 A-N in aggregate (input central aggregation  3420  of input central segments  3485 A-N) are a freeform surface (e.g., that does not conform to a regular or formal structure or shape). 
     The output surface  150  includes an output lateral portion  155 , an output shoulder portion  162 , and an output body portion  161 . The output lateral portion  155  extends away from the illumination light sources  2515 A-L, curves away from the input peripheral portion  140 , and intersects the output shoulder portion  162 . The output shoulder portion  162  abuts the output body portion  161 . The output body portion  161  can have an aspherical, spherical, planar, or freeform shape. The output body portion  161  can include a plurality of output body segments  3490 A-N that are discontinuous. A subset of or all of the output body segments  3490 A-N in aggregate (output body aggregation  3430  of output body segments  3490 A-N) curve outwards in a direction away from the illumination light sources  2515 A-L and the output shoulder portion  162 . In the example, the output body segments  3490 A-N in aggregate  3430  are a freeform surface. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 34C , the input peripheral portion  140  extends around the plurality of illumination of light sources  2515 A-L and includes six input peripheral segments  3480 A-F formed at six different longitudinal levels (e.g., heights). Each of the input peripheral segments  3480 A-F has a single facet that is continuous at a respective longitudinal level (one of six) of the input peripheral portion  140 . Each of the input peripheral segments  3480 A-F is positioned along a respective longitudinal level of a single continuous lateral wall formed by the input peripheral portion  140  to wrap annularly (e.g., 360°) around the plurality of illumination light sources  2515 A-L like a ring. 
     For example, the input peripheral portion  140  forms one or more lateral walls around and covering some of the plurality of illumination of light sources  2515 A-L. Hence, the six input peripheral segments  3480 A-F are positioned at six varying vertical distances along a height of the lateral walls. A “segment” includes a section of a portion (e.g., input peripheral portion  140 ) of an optical lens that the portion is divided into. The “segment” is somewhat flat relative to an aggregate curvature in at least one dimension, for example, in a direction parallel (or perpendicular) to a central axis (e.g., optical axis A) of the circular optical lens  3405  in the example of  FIGS. 34A-C . The segment can be formed of one facet (single faceted) as in  FIGS. 34A-C  and  35 A-B or multiple facets (multi-faceted) as in later examples  FIGS. 37A-B . A “facet” means a flattened part (e.g., face) of the segment. A facet in a multi-faceted segment may be flattened in two dimensions. A segment or facet can be “somewhat flat” in that the segment or the facet is planar (completely flat) or flatter than the aggregate curvature (have a larger radius than the radius of the aggregate curvature). The following specific examples discuss the segments or facets as flat although the segments or facets can have other “somewhat flat” contours. 
     When viewed as an aggregate, multiple segments make the portion (e.g., input peripheral portion  140 ) of the optical lens  3405  appear to an observer as a curved surface or a flat surface despite being formed of multiple facets like a cut gemstone with many facets. While multiple facets and segments of a portion may appear discontinuous (e.g., non-uniform or jagged) on a microscopic scale, when aggregated as a whole and viewed on a macroscopic scale, the aggregation of the portion appears continuous (e.g., uniform or a smooth) to an observer. 
     Input peripheral segments  3480 A-F in the example are positioned at varying depths along a depth of the one or more lateral walls as the one or more lateral walls bend in the aggregate inwards to approach a middle of the light source opening  117  where the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-E are located. The one or more lateral walls form a perimeter of the light source opening  117  at a base of the optical lens  3405  around where the outer illumination light sources  2515 F-L are located. Thus, the one or more lateral walls form the perimeter of the light source opening  117  and the perimeter can be shaped as a circle, oval, semi-circle for the circular or oval shaped optical lens  3405  of  FIGS. 34A-C . Alternatively, the perimeter can be a polygon shape in examples where the optical lens  3405  is an elongated rectangular or square shape like that shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     Although not shown, in some examples, the optical lens  3405  may be formed as an elongated rectangular or square shape like that of  FIG. 2 . The input peripheral portion  140  includes a left input peripheral portion  140 A and a right input peripheral portion  140 B linearly arranged along opposing sides of the input central portion  135  and a length  218  of the optical lens  3405 . The plurality of input peripheral segments  3480 A-H includes a plurality of left input peripheral segments  3480 A-C (e.g., assuming  3480 A-C are located on the left input peripheral portion  140 A) and a plurality of right input peripheral segments  3480 D-F (e.g., assuming  3480 D-F are located on the right input peripheral portion  140 B). The left input peripheral portion  140 A includes the left input peripheral segments  3480 A-C. The right input peripheral portion  140 B includes the right input peripheral segments  3480 D-F. Each of the left input peripheral segments  3480 A-C has a single left facet that is continuous at a respective left longitudinal level (one of three) of the left input peripheral portion  140 A along the length  218  of the optical lens  3405 . Each of the right input peripheral segments  3480 D-F has a single right facet that is continuous at a respective right longitudinal level (one of three) of the right input peripheral portion  140 B along the length  218  of the optical lens  3405 . 
     In some of the examples, such as  FIGS. 34A-C ,  35 A-B,  37 A-B, and  38 A-B segments (e.g., single faceted or multi-faceted) are not incorporated into the output lateral portion  155 , that is to say the output lateral portion  155  TIR surface of the optical lens  3405  and  3705 . In some examples, when segments are located on the output lateral portion  155  TIR surface of the optical lens (e.g.,  105 ,  205 ), then the segments are reflective segments, for example, to contribute to the reflection by the optical lens to form a light beam. However, the input peripheral segments  3480 A-F on the light transmissive input peripheral portion  140 , input central segments  3485 A-N on the input central portion  135 , and output body segments  3490 A-N of the output body portion  161  are refractive segments in that light for contribution to the output beam passes through and may be bent, but is not actually reflected by the segments  3480 A-F,  3485 A-N, and  3490 A-N. 
       FIG. 35A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3405  of  FIG. 34A-C  and traces of light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source  2515 A of an inner illumination light source matrix  2536  shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H. Traces of several light rays, including light rays  1 - 4 , emitted by a middle illumination light source  2515 A of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536  are shaped and steered through the surfaces of the optical lens  3405 . The optical lens  3405  collimates the beam distribution for the depicted middle illumination light source  2515 A. It should be understood that the optical lens  3405  behaves similarly for any of the middle illumination light sources  2515 A-E of the inner illumination light source matrix  2536 , as shown in  FIG. 34C . 
     The optical lens  105  controls beam shaping and steering from incoming light and the behavior of incoming light rays  1 - 4  emitter from middle illumination light source  2515 A in a manner like that described in  FIG. 3  and  FIG. 29 . For example, incoming light rays  1 - 4  for illumination lighting emitted by at least one illumination light source  2515 A of the inner illumination light sources  2515 A-E first pass through the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H or the input central segments  3485 A-N where the incoming light rays  1 - 4  undergo refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. After passing through the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H or the input central segments  3485 A-N, the refracted incoming light rays then pass through the output lateral portion  155 , the output shoulder portion  162 , or the output body segments  3490 A-N of the output surface  150  where the refracted incoming light rays undergo further refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. 
       FIG. 35B  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3405  of  FIGS. 34A-C  and traces of light rays emitted by an outer illumination light source  2515 E of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H. As shown in the example of  FIG. 35B , incoming light rays  1 - 3  for illumination lighting emitted by at least one outer illumination light source  2515 F of the outer illumination light sources  2515 F-L first pass through the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H or the input central segments  3485 A-N where the incoming light rays  1 - 3  undergo refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting. After passing through the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H, a first subset of the refracted incoming light rays (e.g., light rays  1  and  3 ) then strike the output lateral portion  155  where the first subset of refracted incoming light rays (e.g., light rays  1  and  3 ) undergo total internal reflection (TIR) to further shape or steer the illumination lighting. After striking the output lateral portion  155 , the first subset of TIR reflected light rays (e.g., light rays  1  and  3 ) pass through the output shoulder portion  162  and under further refraction. Meanwhile, after passing through the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H, a second subset of the refracted incoming light rays (e.g., light ray  2 ) then strike the output body segments  3490 A-N, where the second subset of refracted incoming light rays (e.g., light ray  2 ) undergo further refraction to shape or steer the illumination lighting 
       FIG. 36A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIGS. 34A-C , but illustrating light rays steered to a middle optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H, to produce an electrical signal. In  FIGS. 36A-B  and  39 A-B, a cross-section of the optical lens  3405  is illustrated in which an optical axis A passes through a middle of the input body portion  861  and the output central portion  835  to divide the various portions of the input surface  850  and output surface  830  into left and right sides, for example, the output central portion  835  is divided into the left output central portion  835 A and the right output central portion  835 B. As shown, the optical lens  3605  is positioned over the optical transducers  815 A-N, hence the middle optical transducer  815 A is in the center underneath the optical lens  3405 . For the middle optical transducer  815 A, the optical lens  805  behaves like a collimating lens for incoming light rays. 
     Generally, an optical device  3600  includes a plurality of optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. Each optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A-N is configured to be driven by received light to produce a respective electrical signal and to be individually activated for outputting the respective electrical signal in response to light. An optical lens  3405  is positioned over the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. The optical lens  3405  has a plurality of aspherical, spherical, planar, or freeform surfaces, including an input surface  850  and an output surface  830  coupled to direct light to the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. 
     The input surface  850  includes an input lateral portion  855 A-B, an input shoulder portion  862 A-B, and an input body portion  861 A-B. The input lateral portion  855 A-B extends towards the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N, curves towards the output peripheral portion  840 A-B, and intersects the input shoulder portion  862 A-B. The input shoulder portion  862 A-B abuts the input body portion  861 A-B. As shown in  FIG. 37C , the input body portion  861 A-B can include a plurality of input body segments  3790 A-N that are discontinuous and in aggregate  3730  curve outwards from the input shoulder portion  862 A-B. 
     The output surface  830  includes an output peripheral portion  840 A-B and an output central portion  835 A-B. The output peripheral portion  840 A-B includes a plurality of output peripheral segments  3680 A-F that are discontinuous and in aggregate  3710  curve from a region of the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N towards the output central portion  840 A-B. As shown in  FIG. 37C , the output central portion  835 A-B can include a plurality of output central segments  3685 A-N that are discontinuous. In the example of  FIGS. 36A-B , the output central segments  3685 A-N in aggregate  3720  curve towards the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N, such as middle optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A. In  FIG. 36A , traces of several light rays received by the middle optical transducer  815 A through the surfaces of the optical lens  3405  are depicted which drive the middle optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A in a manner like that shown in  FIG. 8 . In the example of  FIGS. 36A-B , each of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H (e.g.,  3680 E) can include a single facet  3681 . In the example of  FIG. 37C , each of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H (e.g.,  3680 B) can be multi-faceted by including multiple facets  3681 -R. In some examples, a first subset of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H include a single facet  3681 , but a second subset the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H include multiple facets  3681 A-R. 
       FIG. 36B  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3605  like that of  FIGS. 34A-C , but illustrating light rays  1 - 4  received by an outer optical-to-electrical transducer  815 D through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H, to produce an electrical signal. The optical lens  3405  steers the beam distribution to the depicted middle optical transducer  815 A. A transducer is a device that converts between optical and electrical signals. Hence, in the previous examples, the illumination light sources  2515 A-L are electrical-to-optical transducers in which electrical power is used to emit light. In the examples of  FIGS. 36A-B , the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N convert received incoming light into an electrical signal, for example, a photodetector or photodiode for a camera, which takes light as a signal and produces an electrical signal. 
     In both  FIGS. 36A-B , incoming light rays  1 - 4  drive one or more of the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-B first pass through the input lateral portion  855 A-B, the input shoulder portion  862 A-B, or the input body segments  3690 A-N where the incoming light rays undergo refraction. After passing through the input lateral portion  855 A-B, the input shoulder portion  862 A-B, or the input body segments  3690 A-N, the refracted incoming light rays  1 - 4  then pass through the output peripheral segments  3680 A-F or the output central segments  3685 A-N where the refracted incoming light rays  1 - 4  undergo further refraction to shape or steer the light rays to be selectively received by at least one of the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A or  815 D. 
       FIG. 37A  is a perspective view of another circular or oval shaped optical lens  3705  somewhat like that shown in  FIGS. 34A-C , which has multi-faceted segments.  FIG. 37B  is an isometric view of the optical lens  3705  of  FIG. 37A . As shown, the input peripheral portion  140  includes eight input peripheral segments  3480 A-H, the input central portion  135  includes multiple input central segments  3485 A-N, and the output body portion  161  includes multiple output body segments  3490 A-N. Each of the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H, input central segments  3485 A-N, and output body segments  3490 A-N are multi-faceted such that each of the segment include many tiny facets as shown. In the circular or oval shaped optical lens  3705  of  FIGS. 37A-B , each of the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H has multiple facets  3481 A-P that are discontinuous at a respective longitudinal level of the input peripheral portion  140 . For example, input peripheral segment  3480 E (fifth longitudinal level) includes sixteen facets  3481 A-P, which annularly wrap (e.g., 360°) like a ring. 
     In some examples, the optical lens  3705  is an elongated rectangular or square shape like that of  FIG. 2 . The input peripheral portion  140  includes a left input peripheral portion  140 A and a right input peripheral portion  140 B linearly arranged along opposing sides of the input central portion  135  and a length  218  of the optical lens  3705 . The plurality of input peripheral segments  3480 A-H includes a plurality of left input peripheral segments  3480 A-D (e.g., assuming  3480 A-D are located on the left input peripheral portion  140 A) and a plurality of right input peripheral segments  3480 E-H (e.g., assuming  3480 E-H are located on the right input peripheral portion  140 B). The left input peripheral portion  140 A includes the left input peripheral segments  3480 A-D. The right input peripheral portion  140 B includes the right input peripheral segments  3480 E-H. Each of the left input peripheral segments  3480 A-D has multiple left facets  3481 A-P that are discontinuous at a respective left longitudinal level of the left input peripheral portion  140 A along the length  218  of the optical lens  3705 . Each of the right input peripheral segments  3480 E-H has multiple right facets  3481 A-P that are discontinuous at a respective right longitudinal level of the right input peripheral portion  140 B along the length  218  of the optical lens  3705 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 37B , a subset of or all of the input peripheral segments  3480 A-L in aggregate (input peripheral aggregation  3410 ) curve from a first region  3415  of the input surface  130  near the illumination light sources  2515 A-L to a second region  3416  of the input surface  130  near the input central portion  135 . A subset of or all of the input central segments  3485 A-N in aggregate (input central aggregation  3420 ) are planar. A subset of or all of the output body segments  3490 A-N in aggregate (output body aggregation  3430 ) curve outwards in a direction away from the illumination light sources  2515 A-L and the output shoulder portion  162 . 
       FIG. 37C  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3705  like that of  FIGS. 37A-B , but configured to be positioned over optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N on a circuit board  110 . Hence, in the example, the input surface  850  and the output surface  830  are reversed relative to the input surface  130  and the output surface  150  of  FIGS. 37A-B . As noted in the example of  FIGS. 36A-B , an optical device  3600  includes a plurality of optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. Each optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A-N is configured to be driven by received light to produce a respective electrical signal and to be individually activated for outputting the respective electrical signal in response to light. An optical lens  3705  is positioned over the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. The optical lens  3405  has a plurality of aspherical, spherical, or planar surfaces, including an input surface  850  and an output surface  830  coupled to direct light to the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. 
     The input surface  850  includes an input lateral portion  855 , an input shoulder portion  862 , and an input body portion  861 . The input lateral portion  855  extends towards the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N, curves towards the output peripheral portion  840 , and intersects the input shoulder portion  862 . The input shoulder portion  862  abuts the input body portion  861 . The input body portion  861 A-B can have an aspherical, spherical, planar, or freeform shape. The input body portion  861 A-B can include a plurality of input body segments  3690 A-N that are discontinuous. A subset of or all of the input body segments  3690 A-N in aggregate  3730  curve outwards from the input shoulder portion  862 . A subset of or all of the input body segments  3690 A-N in aggregate (input body aggregation  3730  of input body segments  3690 A-N) curve outwards in a direction away from the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. The input body segments  3490 A-N in aggregate  3730  are a freeform surface. 
     The output surface  830  includes an output peripheral portion  840  and an output central portion  835 . The output peripheral portion  840  includes a plurality of output peripheral segments  3680 A-L (e.g., twelve are shown) that are discontinuous. A subset of or all of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-L in aggregate (output peripheral aggregation  3710  of output peripheral segments  3680 C-E) curve from a first region  3715  of the output surface  830  near the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N to a second region  3716  of the output surface  830  near the output central portion  840 . As shown, each of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H (e.g.,  3680 B) are multi-faceted by including multiple facets  3681 -R. The output central portion  835  can have an aspherical, spherical, planar, or freeform shape. The output central portion  835  can include a plurality of output central segments  3685 A-N that are discontinuous. In the example of  FIGS. 36A-B , the output central segments  3685 A-N in aggregate (output central aggregation  3720  of output central segments  3685 A-N) curve towards the optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. In the example of  FIG. 37C , the output central segments  3685 A-N in aggregate (output central aggregation  3720 ) are a freeform surface (e.g., that does not conform to a regular or formal structure or shape). 
     As shown in  FIG. 37C , the output peripheral portion  840  extends around the plurality of illumination of light sources  2515 A-L and includes twelve output peripheral segments  3680 A-L formed at twelve different longitudinal levels. Each of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-L has a single facet that is continuous at a respective longitudinal level (one of twelve) of the output peripheral portion  840 . Each of the output peripheral segments  3680 A-L is positioned along a respective longitudinal level of a single continuous lateral wall formed by the output peripheral portion  840  to wrap annularly (e.g., 360°) around the plurality of optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N like a ring. 
     For example, the output peripheral portion  840  forms one or more lateral walls around and covering some of the plurality of optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-N. Hence, the twelve output peripheral segments  3680 A-L are positioned at twelve varying vertical distances along a height of the one or more lateral walls. A “facet” means a flat part (e.g., face) of the segment. As noted above, a “segment” includes a section of a portion (e.g., output peripheral portion  840 ) of an optical lens that the portion is divided into. The “segment” is somewhat flat relative to an aggregate curvature in at least one dimension, for example, in a direction parallel (or perpendicular) to a central axis (e.g., optical axis A) of the circular optical lens  3705  in the example of  FIGS. 37C and 39A -B. The segment can be formed of one facet (single faceted) as in  FIGS. 39A-B  or multiple facets (multi-faceted) as in  FIG. 37C . A “facet” means a flattened part (e.g., face) of the segment. A “facet” in a multi-faceted segment may be flattened in two dimensions. A segment or facet can be “somewhat flat” in that the segment or the facet is planar (completely flat) or flatter than the aggregate curvature (have a larger radius than the radius of the aggregate curvature). 
     When viewed as an aggregate, multiple segments make the portion (e.g., output peripheral portion  840 ) of the optical lens  3705  appear to an observer as a curved surface or a flat surface despite being formed of multiple facets like a cut gemstone. Output peripheral segments  3680 A-F are also positioned at varying depths along a depth of the one or more lateral walls as the one or more lateral walls bend inwards to approach a middle of an optical-to-electrical transducer opening (similar to light source opening  117 ) where the middle optical-to-electrical transducers  815 A-E are located. The one or more lateral walls form a perimeter of the optical-to-electrical transducer opening  3717  at a base of the optical lens  3705  around where the outer optical-to-electrical transducers  815 F-L are located. Thus, the one or more lateral walls form the perimeter of the optical-to-electrical transducer opening  3717  and the perimeter can be shaped as a circle, oval, semi-circle for the circular or oval shaped optical lens  3705  of  FIGS. 36A-B  and  37 C. Alternatively, the perimeter can be a polygon shape in examples where the optical lens  3405  is an elongated rectangular shape like that shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     Although not shown, in some examples, the optical lens  3705  may be an elongated rectangular or square shape like that of  FIG. 2 . As shown in  FIGS. 36A-B , the output peripheral portion  840  includes a left output peripheral portion  840 A and a right output peripheral portion  840 B linearly arranged along opposing sides of the output central portion  835  and a length  218  of the optical lens  3705 . The plurality of twelve output peripheral segments  3680 A-L includes a plurality of six left output peripheral segments  3680 A-F (e.g., assuming  3680 A-F are located on the left output peripheral portion  840 A) and a plurality of six right output peripheral segments  3680 G-L (e.g., assuming  3680 G-L are located on the right output peripheral portion  840 B). The left output peripheral portion  840 A includes the six left output peripheral segments  3680 A-F. The right output peripheral portion  840 B includes the six right output peripheral segments  3680 G-L. Each of the left output peripheral segments  3680 A-F has a single left facet that is continuous at a respective left longitudinal level (one of six) of the left output peripheral portion  840 A along the length  218  of the optical lens  3705 . Each of the right output peripheral segments  3680 G-L has a single right facet that is continuous at a respective right longitudinal level (one of six) of the right output peripheral portion  840 B along the length  218  of the optical lens  3705 . 
     In some of the examples, such as  FIGS. 36A-B ,  37 C, and  39 A-B segments (e.g., single faceted or multi-faceted) are not incorporated into the input lateral portion  855 , that is to say the input lateral portion  855  TIR surface of the optical lens  3405  and  3705 . In some examples, when segments are located on the input lateral portion  855  TIR surface of the optical lens (e.g.,  805 ), then the segments are reflective segments, for example, to contribute to the reflection by the optical lens to form a light beam. However, the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H on the light transmissive output peripheral portion  840 , output central segments  3685 A-N on the output central portion  835 , and input body segments  3690 A-N of the input body portion  861  are refractive segments in that light for contribution to the input beam passes through and may be bent, but is not actually reflected by the segments  3680 A-F,  3685 A-N, and  3690 A-N. 
       FIG. 38A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3705  of  FIG. 37A-B  and traces of light rays emitted by a middle illumination light source  2515 A of an inner illumination light source matrix  2536  shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H. In the example of  FIG. 38A , all of the multiple facets of the input central segments  3485 A-N of the input central portion  135  in aggregate appear planar. However, in another example, a first subset  3871  of the multiple facets of the input central segments  3485 A-N of the input central portion  135  in aggregate are planar near the input peripheral portion  140 . In this other example, a second subset  3872  of the multiple facets of the input central segments  3485 A-N of the input central portion  135  in aggregate are slightly curved in a middle of the input central portion  135  in a direction towards the middle illumination light source  2515 A. Because the optical lens  3705  shapes or steers incoming light rays  1 - 4  emitted by the middle illumination light source  2515 A in a manner similar to that described for the optical lens  3405  in  FIG. 35A  above, a description of this behavior is not repeated here. 
       FIG. 38B  is another cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3705  of  FIGS. 37A-C  and traces of light rays emitted by an outer illumination light source  2515 E of the outer illumination light source matrix  2537  shaped or steered through the surfaces, including the input peripheral segments  3480 A-H. Because the optical lens  3705  shapes or steers incoming light rays  1 - 3  emitted by the outer illumination light source  2515 E in a manner similar to that described for the optical lens  3405  in  FIG. 35B  above, a description of this behavior is not repeated here. 
       FIG. 39A  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens like that of  FIG. 37C , but illustrating light rays steered to a middle optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments  3680 A-E, to produce an electrical signal. In the example of  FIG. 39A , all of the multiple facets of the output central segments  3685 A-N of the output central portion  835  in aggregate appear planar. However, in another example, a first subset  3971  of the multiple facets of the output central segments  3685 A-N of the output central portion  835  in aggregate are planar near the output peripheral portion  840 . In this other example, a second subset  3972  of the multiple facets of the output central segments  3685 A-N in aggregate are slightly curved in a middle of the output central portion  835  in a direction towards the middle optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A. Because the optical lens  3705  shapes or steers incoming light rays  1 - 4  that are received by the middle optical-to-electrical transducer  815 A in a manner similar to that described for the optical lens  3405  in  FIG. 36A  above, a description of this behavior is not repeated here. 
       FIG. 36B  is a cross-sectional view of the optical lens  3705  like that of  FIG. 37C , but illustrating light rays  1 - 3  received by an outer optical-to-electrical transducer  815 D through the surfaces, including the output peripheral segments  3680 A-H, to produce an electrical signal. Because the optical lens  3705  shapes or steers incoming light rays  1 - 3  that are received by the outer optical-to-electrical transducer  815 D in a manner similar to that described for the optical lens  3405  in  FIG. 36B  above, a description of this behavior is not repeated here. 
     As outlined above, a class of applications of the optical lens  105 ,  205 ,  2505  with suitable light source type transducers provide configurable luminaires. The term “luminaire,” as used herein, is intended to encompass essentially any type of device that processes energy to generate or supply artificial light, for example, for general illumination of a space intended for use of occupancy or observation, typically by a living organism that can take advantage of or be affected in some desired manner by the light emitted from the device. However, a luminaire may provide light for use by automated equipment, such as sensors/monitors, robots, etc. that may occupy or observe the illuminated space, instead of or in addition to light provided for an organism. However, it is also possible that one or more luminaires in or on a particular premises have other lighting purposes, such as signage for an entrance or to indicate an exit. In most examples, the luminaire(s) illuminate a space or area of a premises to a level useful for a human in or passing through the space, e.g. general illumination of a room or corridor in a building or of an outdoor space such as a street, sidewalk, parking lot or performance venue. The actual source of illumination light in or supplying the light for a luminaire may be any type of artificial light emitting device, several examples of which are included in the discussions below. Other large format lighting applications for the optical lens constructs include vehicle lighting or the like. 
     It will be understood that the terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein. Relational terms such as first and second and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises or includes a list of elements or steps does not include only those elements or steps but may include other elements or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element preceded by “a” or “an” does not, without further constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. 
     Unless otherwise stated, any and all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. Such amounts are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain. For example, unless expressly stated otherwise, a parameter value or the like may vary by as much as ±10% from the stated amount. 
     In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in various examples for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed examples require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, the subject matter to be protected lies in less than all features of any single disclosed example. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter. 
     While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that they may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all modifications and variations that fall within the true scope of the present concepts.