Patent Publication Number: US-2018052987-A1

Title: Server system and method for controlling multiple service systems

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention generally relates to control of a service system. 
     TECHNICAL BACKGROUND 
     Generally, identification codes are used for access control like authentication. The term “identification code” means any data used for access control, for example, authentication. The term “identification code” in this DESCRIPTION can mean “identification code” appearing in the description of “Act on Prohibition of Unauthorized Computer Access” (in Japan). We know “passwords” like one-time passwords as an example of “identification code”. We can present Patent Literature 1 (PTL 1) as an authentication technique. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         [PTL 1] JP3678417 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     Impersonation crimes in the Internet happen frequently with password leakage, password cracking, and so on. Therefore, service system administrators often ask the system users to strengthen their passwords (and IDs) management, or to regularly change their passwords. 
     However, it is not easy, for a user using many service systems in the Internet, to manage his passwords (and IDs), for example, to manage his password (and IDs) for every service system he uses, and furthermore, to change their passwords regularly. 
     There are many users who cannot remember all passwords (and IDs) for the corresponding service systems. Such users set an identical password (and ID) for plural service systems, or keep their passwords (and IDs) in their notebooks, PCs, and so on. However, we cannot see these management manners are secure. 
     The problem given above can occur not only for passwords (and IDs) but also other identification codes (for example, one-time passwords). 
     On the other hand, we can see other problems given below, in the case where one user makes use of plural service systems. 
     For example, there can be a user who has a trouble in the viewpoint of convenience, that he/she has to give his/her information data to the first service system after getting the data from the second service system, in order to provide the data to the first service system. 
     Furthermore, there can be a user can have a fear the viewpoint of security, that someone else may impersonate him to access the service system he uses. 
     Solution to Problem 
     Constructed is a server system (one or more computers) which can communicate with plural user terminals and plural service systems. A server system (for example, the control center machine) keeps management information including one or more information element groups for each user. Each of one or more information element groups is shared with the server system and a service system, and includes an ID (mID) that is different for each user. The server system receives a request from a user terminal. The server system identifies, on the basis of the request, one or more mIDs respectively corresponding to one or more service systems, from the management information, for the user for the user terminal. The server system sends, to each of the one or more service systems, a request associated with the mID(s) corresponding to the service system among the identified one or more IDs, and the control content(s) for the service system. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     It is possible to securely enhance convenience for utilization of plural service systems. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows the overview of the authentication process according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 2  shows an example of the construction of U M . 
         FIG. 3  shows an example of the construction of U P . 
         FIG. 4  shows an example of the construction of S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ). 
         FIG. 5  shows an example of the construction of C (j)  (C (1) ). 
         FIG. 6  shows an example of the construction of uList i   (j)  (uList 1   (1) ). 
         FIG. 7  shows an example of the construction of aList i   (j)  (aList 1   (1) ). 
         FIG. 8  shows an example of the construction of pList. 
         FIG. 9  shows an example of the construction of sList (j)  (sList (1) ). 
         FIG. 10  shows an example of the construction of cList (j)  (cList (1) ). 
         FIG. 11  shows tpw provision by C (1) . 
         FIG. 12  shows an example of the flow for First registration. 
         FIG. 13  shows an example of the flow for Second or further registration. 
         FIG. 14  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance according to Embodiment 1. 
         FIG. 15  shows an example of the authentication system according to Embodiment 2. 
         FIG. 16  shows an example of pList. 
         FIG. 17  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance according to Embodiment 2. 
         FIG. 18  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance according to Embodiment 3. 
         FIG. 19  shows a concrete example of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 20  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance according to Embodiment 4. 
         FIG. 21  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance according to Embodiment 5. 
         FIG. 22  shows an example of the flow for tpw deletion according to Embodiment 6. 
         FIG. 23  shows an example of the construction of uList i   (j)  according to Embodiment 7. 
         FIG. 24  shows an example of the construction of aList (j)  according to Embodiment 7. 
         FIG. 25  shows an example of the flow for authentication and sharing according to Embodiment 8. 
         FIG. 26  shows an example of the abstract of the identification code management. 
         FIG. 27  shows examples of the construction of the shutter system. 
         FIG. 28  shows an example of the flow for each of Registration procedure #1, Registration procedure #2, and Authentication shutter operation procedure. 
         FIG. 29  shows an example of the flow for Login procedure. 
         FIG. 30  shows examples of the screen transition. 
         FIG. 31  shows an example of the flow for the registration according to Embodiment 8. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT 
     Some embodiments are described as follows. 
     Then, we provide a password as an example of the identification code common among plural service systems is password. As we describe below, common passwords are associated with some restrictions like such as at least one of the expiration date and the frequency of possible use. In our embodiments, we provide, as an example of common passwords, a one-time password which is available during the very day when it is issued, and which has no limit for the number of use. Here we mean, by “one-time”, at least the former of that it has some restriction for the period it can be used, and that it can be used only once. Hereafter, we often call such a password “a common 1-day password”. As we describe later, in some embodiments, a password does not have to be a tpw (a common 1-day password). For example, in some embodiments, a password can be a temporary password of another type, or can be a usual fixed password that can be used only at a certain service system. 
     In the following description, we use the term “AAA-list” to represent information data, but it can be realized with an arbitrary data structure. Namely, we can call an AAA-list by the term “an AAA-data” in order to mean that the data structure does not matter about that information data. Still more, the configurations of lists we show are only examples. Hence two or more lists can be merged to be a one list, and one list can be divided into plural lists. 
     In the following description, “storage unit” may be one or more storage devices including memories. For example, a storage unit may be at least a main storage device of a main storage device (typically, a volatile memory) and an auxiliary storage device (typically, a nonvolatile memory). An auxiliary storage device may be, for example, a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or a SSD (Solid State Drive). 
     In the following description, “processor” may typically be a microprocessor (for example, CPU (Central Processing Unit)), and can include a private hardware circuit (for example, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)) which executes a part of the process such as encryption or decryption. 
     In at least one embodiment, a control center machine which issues common 1-day passwords, intervenes in the two entities, a service system and a user, and thereby an authentication among three entities is executed. In the description of the embodiments, we adopt the following notations. Here, generally there are one or more users, but for simplicity of the description, we mention the embodiments under the condition that the number of users is one, because in the embodiments, no transmission is yielded among users.
         tpw: a common 1-day password   C (j) : a control center machine (where j is an integer more than or equal to 1 (j=1, 2, 3, . . . )) (A manager or an owner of a control center machine may be an individual, a private company, or a government and municipal office.)   S i : a service system (where i is an integer more than or equal to 1 (i=1, 2, 3, . . . )) (A manager or an owner of a service system may be an individual, a private company, or a government and municipal office.)   S i   (j) : S i  registered in C (j)      U: a user   U P : a first user terminal (a user device to access to S i   (j) , for example, a personal computer, PC)   U M : the second user terminal (a user terminal which is used for sending requests of tpw issuance, and with which device authentication can be performed, for example, a mobile terminal such as a smartphone)   APP: an application program (software) which is executed for corresponding with C (j)  when a tpw request is made   suKey i   (j) : a key shared by U (such as U M ) and S i   (j )   cID (j) : the control center machine ID assigned to C (j)      sysID i   (j) : the service system ID assigned to S i   (j)      mID i   (j) : the master ID to S i   (j) , and information shared by C (j)  and S i   (j) , that differs from user to user   tReqPw (j) : a password used for a request of tpw issuances   reqPw: the seed information for tReqPw (j)  (that is the first information a user has in mind)   uID i   (j) : a user ID for S i   (j)  (that is the second information a user has in mind), which is shared by U and S i   (j)      aID (j) : ID assigned to APP (As mentioned later, plural distinct aID (j) s can be assigned to an identical APP in order to evade user-linkability.)   uList i   (j) : a management list that S i   (j)  stores (the list which keeps information on U)   aList (j) : a first management list that C (j)  stores (the list which keeps information on U M  etc.)   sList (j) : a second management list that C (j)  stores (the list which keeps information on S i   (j)  etc.)   cList (j) : a third management list that C (j)  stores (the list which keeps information on C (j)  etc.)   pList: a list that U M  stores (the list which keeps information on C (j)  and S i   (j)  etc.)   tpwInfo i   (j) : information accompanied by tpw which is determined by S i   (j)  and which can include information on the use restriction of tpw (In the following embodiments, because tpw is a common 1-day password, every tpwInfo i   (j)  includes the expiration date “before 00:00 of the next day of the date of tpw issue” and the frequency of possible use “no limit” as its restriction.)   Ticket: an electronic permit for registration of U to C (j) , which is issued by C (j)      Pass i   (j) : an electronic permit for tpw issuance, which is issued by C (j)          

     In the following embodiments, one user uses two terminals (or more). However, one user may as well use only one terminal, and in that case, the terminal such as U M  may as well play serve both the second user terminal and the first one. 
     Also, in the following description, no matter whether the number of C (j)  is one or more, the numbers of reqPw, APP or pList may be one, and reqPw, APP or pList may exist for each C (j) . In the following description, the numbers of reqPw, APP and pList are all one regardless of the number of C (j) . 
     Also, in the following description, whereas we often explain processes for the subject of a program such as APP, the subject of processes may be a processor because a decided process is performed appropriately using a storage unit (such as a memory) and/or an interface unit (such as a communication port) etc. according as a program is executed by a processor (such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit)). A process described for the subject of a program may be a process that a processor or an apparatus/system possessing the processor performs. A program may be installed to an apparatus such as a computer using a program source. A program source may be, for example, a program distribution server or a storage media that a computer can read. In the case that a program source is a program distribution server, the program distribution server includes a processor (such as a CPU) and a storage unit, and furthermore, the storage unit may store distribution programs and programs being distributed. And then, the processor of the program distribution server may distribute programs being distributed to other computers, according as that the processor of the program distribution server executes the distribution program. 
     Embodiment 1 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 1. In Embodiment 1, there is one control center machine (only the C (1) ) 
       FIG. 1  shows the overview of the authentication process at Embodiment 1. 
     An authentication among three entities is executed, according as that a control center machine  101  (C (1) ) that issues tpw intervenes in the two entities, a service system  103  (In  FIG. 1 , illustrated is only S i   (1) ) and a user terminal  105  (the first user terminal  105 A (U P ), the second user terminal  105 B (U M )). 
     A user (U) inputs a reqPw (for example, the value “xxxx”) at the display screen that is shown by APP executed in U M  the user possesses, and U M  (APP) generates tReqPw (1)  based on the input reqPw, and sends a request of tpw issuance (Step  50 ). The request of tpw issuance is associated with (includes) the generated tReqPw (1)  and Pass 1   (1)  that is issued by the C (1)  in the pre-registration and that is stored in the U M . 
     The C (1)  receives the request of tpw issuance, and judges whether tReqPw (1)  related to the request of tpw issuance coincides with the pre-registered tReqPw (1)  or not, and whether Pass 1   (1)  related to the request of tpw issuance valid or not (Step  51 ). In the case where both judgements are positive, the C (1)  determines a tpw (for example, the value “1234”), and issues the determined tpw to the U(U M ) and the S 1   (1)  (Steps  53  and  54 ). At that time, the C (1)  sends, to the S 1   (1) , the information suite which includes mID 1   (1)  shared by S 1   (1)  and C (1) , and the determined tpw (Step  53 ). 
     The U M  (APP) receives the tpw from the C (1) , and outputs (or, displays) the received tpw (for example, the value “1234”) (Step  55 ). The output of tpw may be by means of other type output such as speech output, instead of or besides display. 
     The U (U P ) inputs, for S 1   (1) , the same tpw with the tpw in the information suite that U M  received, and uID 1   (1)  (for example, the value “yyyy”) that the U has in mind (Step  56 ). 
     The S i   (1)  identifies U corresponding to mID 1   (1)  received from the C (1) . The S 1   (1)  judges whether the input uID 1   (1)  coincides with the pre-registered uID 1   (1)  or not, and whether the input tpw coincides with the tpw received from the C (1)  (Step  57 ) or not. In the case where both judgements are positive, the S 1   (1)  provides service for the U. 
     There are three parameters (keys) given, for identifying the U, below:
         tReqPw (1)  shared by the C (1)  and the U;   uID 1   (1)  shared by the S 1   (1)  and the U; and   mID 1   (1)  shared by the C (1)  and the S 1   (1) .       

     The three IDs given above can be known only by two entities. 
     Namely,
         The S 1   (1)  does not know the tReqPw (1) ;   The C (1)  does not know the uID 1   (1) ; and   The U does not know the mID 1   (1) .       

     Thus, by purposely making three-way deadlock, wherever data breach happens, unless any two entities leak data simultaneously, then impersonation crime cannot be materialized. 
     Since the U uses the U M  that the U possesses in order to get the tpw, no hardware for exclusive use is necessary. Also, as described later, the C (1)  can recognize the U M  without U M &#39;s sending its individual identification number. In this embodiment, two-factor authentication with authentication by memories (user authentication being authentication for tReqPw (1)  generated based on reqPw U has in mind) and authentication by possessions (device authentication being authentication of Pass 1   (1)  stored in U M  used at registration) can be performed. 
     In the following, explained are configuration examples of U M , U P , S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ), C (j)  (C (1) ), uList i   (j)  (uList 1   (1) ), aList (j)  (aList (1) ), pList, sList (j)  (sList (1) ) and cList (j)  (cList (1) ). 
       FIG. 2  shows a configuration example of the U M . 
     The U M  is a mobile terminal such as a smartphone. A smartphone is a kind of smart devices. A smart device is a multifunctional device which is available for not only simple calculation but also wide variety of use, and typically is a smartphone or a tablet PC. The U M  comprises a touch panel type display  211 , a storage unit  213 , an I/F (communication interface device)  214 , and a processor  212  that is coupled to those. The touch panel type display  211  is an example of an input device and a display device, and is a one-piece device with an input device and a display device. The storage unit  213  stores programs such as an APP and data such as a pList. The processor  212  executes the APP. The APP refers to or updates the pList, and communicates with an external apparatus such as C (j)  (the C (1) ) via the I/F  214 , by turns. The APP may display at least a part of the pList on the touch panel type display  211 , and may send (input) the received tpw to the U P  via a wireless LAN or the like. 
       FIG. 3  shows a configuration example of the U P . 
     The U P  comprises a storage unit  311 , an I/F  313 , an input device  315 , a display device  314  and a processor  312  that is coupled to those. The input device  315  is a device with which a user inputs data, and is, for example, a keyboard and a pointing device. The display device  314  is a device on which data is displayed, and is, for example, a liquid crystal display device. The storage unit  311  stores programs such as a web browser, and data. The processor  312 , by executing a program such as the web browser, communicates with an external apparatus such as the S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ) via the I/F  313 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a configuration example of the S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ). 
     The S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ) comprises a computer system that provides services to user terminals (for example, the U P ), and is typically a computer system of a service company. The S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ) is one or more computers, and comprises a storage unit  411 , an I/F  413 , and a processor  412  that is coupled to those. The storage unit  411  stores programs and data such as a uList i   (j)  (uList 1   (1) ). The processor  412 , by executing the programs in the storage unit  411 , refers to or updates the uList i   (j)  (uList 1   (1) ), and communicates with an external apparatus such as the U P  via the I/F  413 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a configuration example of the C (j)  (C (1) ). 
     The C (j)  (C (1) ) is a computer system that issues tpw. The C (j)  (C (1) ) is one or more computers, and comprises a storage unit  511 , an I/F  513  and a processor  512  that is coupled to those. The storage unit  511  stores programs and data such as an aList (j)  (aList (1) ), a sList (j)  (sList (1) ) and a cList (j)  (cList (1) ). The processor  512 , by executing the programs in the storage unit  511 , refers to or updates the aList (j)  (aList (1) ), the sList (j)  (sList (1) ) and the cList (j)  (cList (1) ), and communicates with an external apparatus such as the U M  or the S i   (j)  (S 1   (1) ) via the I/F  513 . 
       FIG. 6  shows a configuration example of the uList i   (j)  (uList 1   (1) ). Here, in  FIG. 6  to  FIG. 10 , the names of the information elements in the lists are written with capital letters. Also, in the following, we call a row (a record) in a list “account”. 
     The uList i   (j)  (uList 1   (1) ) has data on U. The information elements that each account in the uList i   (j)  has, are, for example, UID, MID, TPW, TPWINFO, SUKEY and OTHERS. The UID indicates uID i   (j)  registered. The MID indicates mID i   (j)  registered. The TPW indicates tpw registered. The TPWINFO indicates tpwInfo i   (j) . The SUKEY indicates suKey i   (j)  registered. The OTHERS indicates other information elements, and may include the user name of U, for example. 
       FIG. 7  shows a configuration example of the aList (j)  (aList (1) ). 
     The aList (j)  (aList (1) ) has data on U M  etc. The information elements that each account in aList i   (j)  has, are, for example, SN, SYSID, MID, TREQPW, AID and OTHERS. The SN indicates serial numbers (sn) registered. The SYSID indicates sysID i   (j)  registered. The MID indicates mID i   (j)  registered. The TREQPW indicates tReqPw (j)  registered. The AID indicates aID (j)  registered. One aID (j)  is assigned to one APP and one C (j) , but plural distinct aID (j) s may be generated for one APP and one C (j) . The OTHERS indicates other information elements, and may include information necessary for operation etc. by C (j) , for example. 
       FIG. 8  shows a configuration example of the pList. 
     The pList (pList) has data on C (j)  and S i   (j)  etc. The information elements that each account in pList has, are, for example, SYSID, CID, RAND, AID, PASS, SUKEY and OTHERS. The SYSID indicates sysID i   (j)  registered. The CID indicates cID (j)  registered. The RAND indicates a random number registered (that we write as Rand hereafter). The Rand, as described later, is used in order to generate (figure out) tReqPw (j) . The AID indicates aID (j)  registered. The PASS indicates Pass i   (j)  registered. The Pass i   (j)  is an electronic permit for tpw issuance. The details of Pass i   (j)  are described later. The SUKEY indicates suKey i   (j)  registered. The OTHERS indicates other information elements, and may include information on communication etc. with C (j) , for example. 
       FIG. 7  shows a configuration example of the sList (j)  (sList (1) ). 
     The sList (j)  (sList (1) ) has data on S i   (j)  etc. The information elements that each account in sList (j)  has, are, for example, SYSID and OTHERS. The SYSID indicates sysID i   (j)  registered. The OTHERS indicates other information elements, and may include the name of S i   (j)  and information necessary for communication with S i   (j)  (such as FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) and the network address), for example. 
       FIG. 10  shows a configuration example of the cList (j)  (cList (1) ). 
     The cList (j)  (cList (1) ) has data on other C (j)  etc. (In this embodiment, since the number of C (j)  is one, cList (j)  is blank.) The information elements that each account in cList (j)  has, are, for example, CID and OTHERS. The CID indicates cID (j)  registered. The OTHERS indicates other information elements, and may include the name of other C (j)  and information necessary for communication with other C (j)  (such as FQDN and the network address), for example. 
       FIG. 11  shows tpw provision by the C (1) . 
     The C (1)  provides tpw (such as the value “1234”) (and mID i   (1) ) to all S i   (1)  the user makes a contract with (respective S i   (1)  corresponding to sysID i   (j)  identified by the aList (1)  for the identified user). According to the example given by  FIG. 11 , the S i   (1)  which the user makes a contract with are S 1   (1) , S 2   (1)  and S 3   (1) . The C (1)  may provide tpw to the S i   (1)  without tpw query by the S i   (1) , and may provide tpw to the S i   (1)  as the response for tpw query by the S i   (1) . The U (U P ) can login to any S i   (1)  which the U make a contract with, using the identical tpw, until the expiration date that tpwInfo i   (1)  represents (for example, during the day (the valid period does not have to be for 24 hours, and the period of validity does not have to be until 23:59 on the day (that is, one example that means the time just before 0:00 on the next day))). The tpwInfo i   (1)  may be distinct for each S i   (1) , and may be identical for plural S i   (1) . 
     In the following, we describe the flow of the process performed in this embodiment. 
     &lt;Pre-Registration&gt; 
     &lt;&lt;First Registration&gt;&gt; 
       FIG. 12  shows an example of the flow for the first registration. 
     First registration is a pre-registration by which U that is not registered in C (1)  becomes able to use S i   (1) . First registration includes a two-stage procedure. The first stage is a procedure performed between U and S i   (1) , and the second stage is a procedure performed between U and C (1) . 
     The first stage (the procedure performed between U and S i   (1) ) consists of Step  1201  to Step  1207  in the following. Here, we think that the U makes a usage application to the S 1   (1) . 
     (Step  1201 ) The U (U P ) sends the usage application to the S 1   (1) . At that time, the U (U P ) determines uID 1   (1)  used for the S 1   (1) . 
     (Step  1202 ) The S 1   (1)  receives the usage application from the U (U P ), determines suKey 1   (1)  for the U as the response for the application, and adds the account to uList 1   (1) . The S 1   (1)  registers, to the added account, the determined uID 1   (1)  as UID, and registers the determined suKey 1   (1)  as SUKEY. 
     (Step  1203 ) The S 1   (1)  sends, to C (1) , a user addition request associated with sysID 1   (1) . 
     (Step  1204 ) The C (1)  receives the user addition request, determines mID 1   (1)  corresponding to both sysID 1   (1)  and the added U, and adds the account to aList (1) . The C (1)  registers, to the added account, sn (such as the serial number for the accounts) as SN, sysID 1   (1)  related to the user addition request as SYSID, and the determined mID 1   (1)  as MID. Hereafter, we often write, as “sn1”, the sn determined here. 
     (Step  1205 ) The C (1)  generates a registration ticket (hereafter, Ticket), and sends the generated Ticket and mID 1   (1)  determined in Step  1204 , to the S 1   (1) . Ticket is based on the first digital signature (hereafter, “Sign1”), cID (1) , the registered sn1 and sysID 1   (1) . Specifically, the Ticket includes Sign1, cID (1) , sn1 and sysID 1   (1)  (Ticket=(sn1, cID (1) , sysID 1   (1) , Sign1)). The Sign1 is based on the cID (1) , the registered sn1 and sysID 1   (1) . Here, in the Ticket, the sn is the information element that the C (1)  uses in order to identify the user (the serial number, for example). The cID (j)  is the information element that the APP uses in order to identify to which control center machine to register (In some way such as that cID (j)  includes the information necessary for communication with C (j) , the information necessary for communication with C (j)  and cID (j)  have only to be associated with each other in APP). The Ticket does not have to include sysID 1   (1) . For example, the Sign1 includes the cID (1) , the sn1 and the sysID 1   (1)  (Sign1=sign(sn1, cID (1) , sysID 1   (1) , aux)). If the sysID 1   (1)  is not included in the Ticket, then the sysID 1   (1)  does not have to be included in the Sign1. The Sign1 has only to be verified by C (1)  for its validity. Here, aux (auxiliary information) may include some information elements in the uList 1   (1)  (for example, at least a part of the OTHERS). The aux does not have to be included in the Sign1. 
     (Step  1206 ) The S 1   (1)  receives the Ticket and the mID 1   (1)  from the C (1) . The S 1   (1)  associates the uID 1   (1)  registered at Step  1202  with the received mID 1   (1) . Specifically, the S 1   (1)  registers, as MID, the received mID 1   (1)  to the account with the uID 1   (1)  registered at Step  1202 . 
     (Step  1207 ) The S 1   (1)  sends, to the U (U P ), the received Ticket and the suKey 1   (1)  registered at Step  1202 . 
     The second stage (the procedure performed between U and C (1) ) consists of Steps  1208  to  1211  in the following. 
     (Step  1208 ) The U determines reqPw, and inputs, to the U M , the determined reqPw, and the Ticket and the suKey 1   (1)  that are received with U P . The APP in the U M , in response to that input, determines a random number (Rand), and generates tReqPw (1) . The tReqPw (1)  is based on the determined Rand and the input reqPw (Hereafter, we often write, as “Rand1”, the Rand determined here). Specifically, for example, the tReqPw (1)  is the irreversibly converted value of reqPw using a collision-resistant one-way function (hash function) and the Rand1 (tReqPw (j) =h j (Rand1, reqPw)). Whereas the tReqPw (j)  plays a role of passwords, since it is something indecipherably encrypted by a collision-resistant one-way function etc., the secrecy of reqPw can be kept. The function h for generation of tReqPw, as the notation of h j , may be distinct for each control center machine. Therefore the U, only with having one reqPw in mind, can register the tReqPw distinct for each control center machine. The U M  (APP) sends the Ticket and the tReqPw (1)  to the C (1)  identified by the cID (1)  in the Ticket. Here, whereas the confidentiality may be decreased, it is possible that the U M  sends the Rand and the reqPw to the C (1) , and the C (1)  generates the tReqPw (1)  using the Rand and the reqPw sent by the U M . Also, the Rand does not have to be, but, with Rand, it can be avoided that all tReqPw (1)  for the identical U in the aList (1)  in the C (1)  are of the same value. 
     (Step  1209 ) The C (1)  receives the Ticket and the tReqPw (1)  from the U M  (APP). The C (1)  judges whether the Ticket is valid or not by judging whether the Sign1 in the Ticket is correct or not. In the case where the judgement is positive, the C (1)  identifies the account in the aList (1)  that has SN coinciding with the sn in the Ticket. The C (1)  generates aID (1)  for the APP (U M ) that is the sender of Ticket, registers the generated aID (1)  as AID, and registers the received tReqPw (1)  as TREQPW for the identified account. Whereas tReqPw (j)  plays a role of passwords, since it is something indecipherably encrypted by a collision-resistant one-way function etc., the secrecy of reqPw can be kept even if tReqPw (j)  is leaked from aList (1) . 
     (Step  1210 ) The C (1)  generates Pass 1   (1) , and sends the generated Pass 1   (1)  to the U M  (APP). The Pass 1   (1)  is based on the sn1, the cID (1)  and the sysID 1   (1)  that are already registered in the aList (1) , the aID (1)  registered at Step  1209 , and the second digital signature (hereafter, “Sign2”). Specifically, for example, the Pass 1   (1)  includes the sn1, the cID (1) , the sysID 1   (1) , the aID (1)  and the Sign2 (Pass 1   (1) =(sn1, cID (1) , sysID 1   (1) , aID (1) , Sign2)). The aID (1)  in Pass 1   (1)  is the information element used for identifying all (or some) S i   (1)  that are the issue destinations of tpw when receiving a request of tpw issuance from the U M  later (In the aList (1) , an identical aID (1)  is associated with to plural sysID i   (1) ). Sign2 is based on sn1, cID (1) , sysID 1   (1)  and aID (1)  that is registered at Step  1209 . Specifically, for example, the Sign2 includes the sn1, the cID (1) , the sysID 1   (1)  and the aID (1)  (Sign2=sign(sn1, cID (1) , sysID 1   (1) , aID (1) , aux)). 
     (Step  1211 ) The U M  (APP) receives the Pass 1   (1)  from C (1) , and adds an account in the pList. The U M  (APP), to the added account, registers the sysID 1   (1)  in the Pass 1   (1)  (or in the Ticket) as SYSID, the cID (1)  in the Pass 1   (1)  (or in the Ticket) as CID, the Rand1 determined at Step  1208  as RAND, the aID (1)  in Pass 1   (1)  as AID, the received Pass 1   (1)  as PASS, and the suKey 1   (1)  input at Step  1208  as SUKEY. Here, among the information elements registered in an account in the pList, information elements, for example, except for the cID (1)  and sysID 1   (1) , may be encrypted using at least one of the data U M  has (for example, at least one of the individual identification data and the personal identity number in the future (and its accompanying data)) and the data the U has in mind (for example, reqPw), as the encryption key (Since cID (1)  and sysID 1   (1)  are open information elements, they do not have to be encrypted). 
     &lt;&lt;Second or Further Registration&gt;&gt; 
       FIG. 13  shows an example of the flow for Second or further registration. 
     When the U that is already registered in the C (1)  make a use of another service system (say, S 2   (1) ), the U can use the aID (1)  received at the First registration. Specifically, the first stage is the same with that for First registration (Steps  1301  to  1307  are the same with Steps  1201  to  1207 , respectively). The second stage (the procedure performed between the U and the C (1) ) is in the following. Mainly, we describe the difference from the second stage in the First registration, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with the second stage in First registration. 
     (Step  1308 ) The U inputs, to the U M , the reqPw that the U has used at the First registration (data that the U has in mind) and the Ticket and suKey 2   (1)  that are received with the U P . The U M  (APP) displays the pList to the touch panel type display  211 , and receives, from the U, the choice of the accounts now used. The U M  (APP) judges whether the cID (1)  in the input Ticket is the same with the cID (1)  obtained from the chosen account, or not. In the case where this judgement is positive, the U M  (APP) generates tReqPw (1)  (=h 1 (the obtained Rand1, the input reqPw)), and sends the generated tReqPw (1) , Pass 1   (1)  obtained from the account, and the input Ticket, to the C (1) . 
     (Step  1309 ) The C (1)  receives the Ticket, the Pass 1   (1)  and the tReqPw (1)  from the U M  (APP). The C (1) , by verifying the Sign1 in the received Ticket, judges whether the Ticket is valid or not. In the case where the judgement is positive, the C (1)  identifies the account in the aList (1)  that has SN coinciding with the sn (hereafter, “sn2”) in the Ticket, and also retrieves the aID (1)  from the received Pass 1   (1) . The C (1)  registers, to the identified account, sn2 in the Ticket as SN, the retrieved aID (1)  as AID, and the received tReqPw (1)  as TREQPW. 
     (Step  1310 ) The C (1)  generates Pass 2   (1)  (=(sn2, cID (1) , sysID 2   (1) , aID (1) , Sign2)), and sends the generated the Pass 2   (1)  to the U M  (APP). The Sign2 in the Pass 2   (1)  is Sign2=sign(sn2, cID (1) , sysID 2   (1) , aID (1) , aux). 
     (Step  1311 ) U M  (APP) receives the Pass 2   (1)  from the C (1) , and adds an account in the pList. The U M  (APP), to the added account, registers the sysID 2   (1)  in Pass 2   (1)  (or in the Ticket) as SYSID, the cID (1)  in the Pass 2   (1)  (or in the Ticket) (or cID (1)  obtained at Step  1308 ) as CID, the Rand1 obtained at Step  1308  as RAND, the Pass 2   (1)  as PASS, and the suKey 2   (1)  input at Step  1308  as SUKEY. 
     As described above, Pre-registration consists of First registration and Second or further registration. The U may clarify, to the U M  (APP), which of the First registration and the Second or further registration it is. For example, the APP displays the screen that receives the choice that is either First registration or the Second or further registration (such as GUI (Graphical User Interface) with the button for First registration and the button for the Second or further registration), and, according to which button is pushed, may determine to execute which process of the First registration and the Second or further registration. Also, the U may choose the First registration in the case where the U uses some S i   (1)  first time after the First registration for the C (1)  has been finished. In this case, it turns out that, for an identical U, plural distinct aID (1)  are registered in the C (1) . Whether it is the First registration or the Second or further registration, is whether an identical aID (1)  is associated with plural distinct S i   (1)  or not. If the association is performed, then the restoration is relatively easy in case the U M  is lost or reqPw is forgotten, and so on. Because, if the U tells, to some S i   (1) , the effect, then the S i   (1)  can send mID i   (1)  corresponding to the U to the C (1) , and the C (1)  can identify aID (1)  associating with the mID i   (1) , and can identify, with the aList (1) , all sysID i   (1)  associating with the identified aID (1) . Also, for the U, since an identical aID (1)  associates with plural distinct sysID i   (1) , the group of S i   (1)  for the U can be identified. On the other hand, if the association is not performed, then it can be avoided that the C (1)  may identify, with the aList (1) , which plural S i   (1)  the U uses. In Embodiment 1, the U can choose whether the association is performed or not. 
     &lt;Issuance of Tpw (Common 1-Day Password)&gt; 
     In the following, we describe the flow for the issuance of tpw that can be available for all or some S i   (1)  the U registers to use. 
       FIG. 14  shows an example of the flow for the issuance of tpw at Embodiment 1. Here, in the following description, the group of plural SYSID (here, all SYSID registered in pList) is denoted by “SYSIDGroup”. Also, at least one of SYSID is denoted by “SYSIDPart”. Hence, SYSIDPart satisfies SYSIDPart⊂SYSIDGroup (“SYSIDPart⊂SYSIDGroup” includes the case of SYSIDPart=SYSIDGroup). And, Pass SYSIDPart  for SYSIDPart⊂SYSIDGroup is {Pass i   (1) } K . K stands for sysID i   (1) εSYSIDPart. That is, the meaning of Pass SYSIDPart  is the set of Pass i   (1)  each of which is corresponding to the respective sysID i   (1)  constructing SYSIDPart. The flow of the issuance for tpw that U can use for all in SYSIDPart C SYSIDGroup, is in the following. 
     (Step  1401 ) The U M  (APP) displays, for example, at least a part of data in the pList, and receives, from the U, the choice of SYSIDPart among SYSIDGroup and the input of reqPw. U M  (APP) chooses one Pass i   (1)  from Pass SYSIDPart . Also, the U M  (APP) obtains Rand from the account with the chosen Pass i   (1) , and generates tReqPw (1)  using the obtained Rand and the input reqPw. The U M  (APP) sends a request of tpw issuance associated with SYSIDPart chosen by the U, the generated tReqPw (1)  and the chosen Pass i   (1) , to the C (1)  identified by the cID (1)  corresponding to the chosen Pass i   (1) . Here, the choice of SYSIDPart may be performed by the U M  (APP) instead of the U. 
     (Step  1402 ) The C (1)  receives the request of tpw issuance from the U M  (APP), and performs the first judgement of whether the tReqPw (1)  related to the request is correct or not, and the second judgement of whether Pass i   (1)  related to the request is valid or not. The first judgement is, for example, the judgement of whether TREQPW for the account (an account in aList (1) ) with sn coinciding with the sn in the Pass i   (1)  coincides with the tReqPw (1)  related to the request, or not. The second judgement is performed by judging whether Sign2 in the Pass i   (1)  is correct or not, using the information elements (CID, SYSID, AID) for the account (an account in aList (1) ) with the sn coinciding with sn in Pass i   (1)  and the information elements (cID (1) , sysID i   (1) , aID (1) ) in the Pass i   (1) . In the case where at least one of the first judgement and the second judgement is negative, the C (1)  may stop the process. In the case where both of the first judgement and the second judgement are positive, the C (1)  performs Step  1403 . 
     (Step  1403 ) The C (1)  refers to the aList (1) , and identifies all the accounts that have AID coinciding with the aID (1)  in the Pass i   (1)  judged to be valid, and that have SYSID coinciding with some sysID i   (1)  in SYSIDPart related to the request of tpw issuance. The C (1)  obtains the respective MID (mID i   (1) ) from all the identified accounts. The set of mID i   (1)  obtained here, is denoted by “MIDGroup”. MIDGroup is {mID i   (1) } L . L stands for “sysID i   (1)  εSYSIDPart, AID=aID (1) ”. 
     (Step  1404 ) The C (1)  determines tpw. The tpw may be, for example, a random value. The C (1) , for each sysID i   (1)  (εSYSIDPart), performs the following. In the description for Steps from  1404  to  1407 , one sysID i   (1)  is taken as an example. The C (1)  sends, to S i   (1)  corresponding to sysID i   (1) , mID i   (1)  corresponding to the S i   (1)  and the determined tpw (the C (1)  sends a request of tpw registration associated with the mID i   (1)  and the tpw, to the S i   (1) ). Here, the C (1)  sends tpw without query from the S i   (1) , but, as described above, the C (1)  may send tpw as a response for the query. 
     (Step  1405 ) The S i   (1)  receives the mID i   (1)  corresponded to the S i   (1)  and the determined tpw, from the C (1) . The S i   (1)  identifies the account in the uList i   (1)  that has MID coinciding with the received mID i   (1) . The S i   (1)  registers, to the identified account, the received tpw as TPW. Also, the S i   (1)  determines tpwInfo i   (1)  for the tpw, and registers, to the account, the determined tpwInfo i   (1)  as TPWINFO. The tpwInfo i   (1)  may include information that represents the restriction on tpw such as the expiration date of the tpw and the frequency of possible use. In this embodiment, as described above, since the tpw means a common 1-day password, tpwInfo i   (1)  includes, as the use restriction, the expiration of date “before 00:00 of the next day of the date of tpw issue” and the frequency of possible use “no limit”. 
     (Step  1406 ) The S i   (1)  obtains SUKEY (suKey i   (1) ) for the account identified at Step  1405 . The S i   (1)  encrypts, with the obtained suKey i   (1) , data mes i   (j)  (mes i   (1) ) including the registered tpwInfo i   (1) . As a result, eMes i   (1)  (the encrypted data for mes i   (1) ) that is Enc SUKEY  (mes i   (1) ), is obtained (SUKEY=suKey i   (1) ). The S i   (1)  sends the obtained eMes i   (1)  to the C (1) . Here, mes i   (1)  may include information on S i   (1)  besides tpwInfo i   (1) . The information on the S i   (1)  may include uID i   (1)  for the U (UID obtained from the account identified at Step  1405 ). The encryption function (Enc) may be, for example, the encryption function for a pre-determined symmetric encryption scheme. The eMes i   (1) , as described later, is a data that reaches U M  (APP) via C (1) . And, the eMes i   (1)  is, by the U M  (APP), decrypted with the identical suKey i   (1)  with the suKey i   (1)  used for the encryption. That means that the mes i   (1)  is obtained. The U M  (APP) displays at least a part of the data in the obtained mes i   (1)  (for example, uID i   (1) ) to the touch panel type display  211 . Therefore, even if the U has forgotten uID i   (1) , the U can know uID i   (1)  in appropriate timing of the response for a request of tpw issuance (without U M &#39;s (APP&#39;s) bothering to make a query for uID i   (1) ). 
     (Step  1407 ) In the case where the C (1)  receives the responses (eMes i   (1) ) from all the S i   (1)  corresponding to sysID i   (1)  (εSYSIDPart), C (1)  sends all of those eMes i   (1)  (={eMes i   (1) } M ), and the tpw determined at Step  1404 , to U M  (APP) (M=sysID i   (1) εSYSIDPart). 
     (Step  1408 ) The U M  (APP) receives {eMes i   (1) } M  and tpw from the C (1) . The U M  (APP) performs the following for each eMes i   (1)  included in {eMes i   (1) } M . One eMes i   (1)  is taken as an example. The U M  (APP) identifies the account corresponding to the eMes i   (1)  from the pList. The U M  (APP) obtains SUKEY (suKey i   (1) ) from the identified account, and decrypts eMes i   (1)  using the obtained suKey i   (1) . Therefore, the mes i   (1)  is obtained. The U M  (APP), for at least a part of the information elements in the obtained mes i   (1) , performs at least one of displaying it and registering it to the account identified above. The U M  (APP) may register the received tpw to the account. U M  (APP) may display the received tpw to Touch panel type display  211 . 
     &lt;Use of S i   (1) &gt; 
     The flow is similar with the flow described with referring to  FIG. 1 . Specifically, it is, for example, the following. In the following, one S i   (1)  is taken as an example (Here, at the use phase of S i   (1) , the tpw provided for the U is already registered in the uList i   (1)  the S i   (1)  has). The U inputs uID i   (1)  and tpw to the U P . The S i   (1)  receives a service provision request from the U (U P ). The service provision request is associated with the uID i   (1)  and tpw that are input to the U P . The S i   (1)  performs the collation for the uID i   (1)  and tpw. Specifically, the S i   (1)  judges whether there is an account to which UID and TPW coinciding with the uID i   (1)  and the tpw respectively are registered, or not. In the case where the judgement is positive, the S i   (1)  provides services for the U (U P ) (For example, S i   (1)  permits the login). 
     The identical tpw can be available to the plural S i   (1)  during the day (The expiration date the tpw for S i   (1)  is according to tpwInfo i   (1)  that is corresponding to S i   (1)  and related to the tpw). Here, the expiration date of the tpw (the expiration date that tpwInfo i   (1)  related to the tpw represents) does not have to be necessarily for 24 hours and to be until 23:59 on the day. Also, besides the expiration date, the frequency of possible use (N times (N is an arbitrary integer greater then or equal to 1)) may be defined as the restriction for tpw. The tpwInfo i   (1)  may be distinct for each S i   (1) . 
     Also, the U M  (APP) may display all (or a part) of the uID i   (1)  used at that respective S i   (1)  the U uses. For example, the U M  (APP) may issue a query to the C (1)  for user ID as the response for a request from the U. The flow from the query for the user ID to its response, may be similar with the flow from the query of a request of tpw issuance to its response. In the response, the encrypted user ID (the uID i   (1)  encrypted with suKey i   (1) ) coming from the S i   (1)  via the C (1)  may be included. Also, in the response, one or more encrypted user ID corresponding to each of all (or a part) S i   (1) . The U M  (APP) may decrypt the encrypted user ID with suKey i   (1) , and display the decrypted user ID. 
     Also, for at least one S i   (1) , instead of sending tpw without the query from S i   (1) , the C (1)  itself may keep it (For example, the C (1)  may register the tpw to the account corresponding to the S i   (1)  (an account in the aList (1) )). In this case, when the S i   (1)  receives a service provision request from the U (U P ), the S i   (1)  may send the tpw query associated with mID i   (1)  for the U. The C (1) , when receiving the tpw query, may identify the tpw for mID i   (1)  corresponding to the tpw query, and may send the identified tpw to the S i   (1)  the tpw query origin. 
     Thus, according to Embodiment 1, at least one effect of the following can be successful. 
     (1) U is relieved from trouble of the management of ID and passwords. If the U obtains a tpw (common 1-day password) once a day, then the U can log in to all (or a part) of S i   (1)  the U uses, with the identical tpw during the day. Therefore, the U is relieved from trouble of the management. Also, even if uID i   (1)  is forgotten, it is displayed to the U M . This respect contributes the release from trouble of the management. 
     (2) Security is enhanced. 
     tpw gets unavailable in one day (after the expiration date represented by tpwInfo i   (1) ). Therefore, even if the tpw is stolen, the tpw is not available on the next day. Hence, the security is enhanced. Also, by restricting the frequency of possible use besides the expiration date, further security enhancement can be expected. Also, the tpw cannot be obtained using any user terminals except for U M  used at Pre-registration. Because, in a user terminal except for the U M , there does not exist the pList in which the information elements obtained at Pre-registration are registered. This respect also contributes the enhancement of security. Also, even if U M  is picked up by other people, since the reqPw that U has in mind is necessary for a request of tpw issuance, it cannot happen that the tpw is obtained by other people unless reqPw is known to other people. 
     (3) It is tolerant to information leakage. 
     The U does not know mID i   (1)  shared by the C (1)  and the S i   (1) . The C (1)  does not know uID i   (1)  shared by the S i   (1)  and the U. The S i   (1)  does not know tReqPw (1)  shared by the C (1)  and the U. Thus, by intentional three-way deadlock, even if information leakage happens at any one of the three entities, impersonation is not materialized. 
     (4) The growth for use of S i   (1)  can be expected. 
     For the U, use of service in the Internet begins with checking the ID and the password. The more the number of the service used, the more troublesome the management of ID and passwords is. By being relieved from such inconvenience, users are expected to expand use of the Internet more. 
     Embodiment 2 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 2. Then, we mainly describe the difference from Embodiment 1, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiment 1. 
     In Embodiment 2, there are two or more C (j) . For example, as shown in  FIG. 15 , we suppose that C (1)  and C (2)  exist. Also, we suppose that S 1   (1)  and S 2   (1)  are registered to the C (1) , and that S 1   (2)  and S 2   (2)  are registered to the C (2) . And, we suppose that U is registered to those four service systems (the S 1   (1) , S 2   (1) , S 2   (1)  and S 2   (2) ). At that time, we suppose that the U, at the registration to the S 2   (1) , uses the data registered in the pList at the registration to the S 1   (1) , but the U, at the registration to the S 2   (2) , does not use the data registered in the pList at the registration to the S 1   (2) . In other words, we suppose that the First registration is performed for the S 1   (1) , and that the Second or further registration is performed for the S 2   (1) . Also, we suppose that the First registration is performed for the S 1   (2)  and for the S 2   (2) , too. If AID is of the same value, then RAND is also of the same value. Also, if AID is of the same value, then CID is also of the same value. 
     Consequently, the pList is as shown in  FIG. 16 . That means, AID associated with the S 2   (1)  is aID (1) , that is, of the same with AID associated with the S 1   (1) . On the other hand, AID associated with the S 2   (2)  is aID (2′) , that is, different from AID associated with the S 2   (1) . In the case where there are two or more C (j) , it is guessable that the U M  (APP) performs the flow for tpw issuance at Embodiment 1 for every C (j) . However, then, tpw should be distinct for each C (j) , and the convenience for the U is decreased. 
     Then, in Embodiment 2, tpw can be common for two or more C (j) . 
       FIG. 17  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance at Embodiment 2. 
     Between the U M  (APP) and the C (1)  (the destination of the first request of tpw issuance on the day), the flow for tpw issuance at Embodiment 1 is performed. Then, the U M  (APP) receives tpw from the C (1) . 
     The U M  (APP) receiving the tpw, performs the following process between the U M  (APP) and each of other C (J)  in which the U is registered (Here, J is an integer greater than or equal to 2). U M  (APP) sends a request of tpw issuance associated with the tpw received from the C (1) , to the C (J) . The C (J)  receives the request of tpw issuance associated with the tpw. The C (J) , without newly issuing tpw, sends the tpw related to the received request of tpw issuance to each S i   (J)  registered in the C (J) . The C (J)  receives the response including eMes i   (J)  from each S i   (J) . And, the C (J)  sends the response including {eMes i   (J) } M  (M=sysID i   (J) εSYSIDPart) to the U M  (APP), and the U M  (APP) receives the response. 
     Thus, the U M  (APP) notifies the tpw to each of all C (J)  except for the C (1)  (sends a request of tpw issuance associated with the tpw), and receives, from each of all the C (J)  except for the C (1) , the response including {eMes i   (J) } M . In the case where this series of processes is finished, the U, during the day, using an identical tpw, can log in to (receive service from) any S i   (j)  registered to any C (j)  (here, j is an integer greater than or equal to 1). Here, in the case where an error occurs in the communication to any C (j)  in which the U is registered except for the C (1) , the process may be re-started from the flow for tpw issuance between the U M  (APP) and the C (1) . 
     Embodiment 3 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 3. Then, we mainly describe the difference from Embodiment 1 or 2, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiment 1 or 2. 
     In Embodiment 2, since the U M  (APP) needs to send a request of tpw issuance to each C (j) , the number of communication that the U M  (APP) performs gets increased. 
     Then, in Embodiment 3, the number of communication that the U M  (APP) performs can be decreased according as C (j)  exchanges data (For example, the U M  (APP) has only to communicate only to the C (1)  among two or more C (j) ). 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 3 in detail. Then, for simplicity of description, we adopt the following notation rules.
         SIDGroup (j)   SYSIDPart,aID : The set consisting of all sysID x   (j)  (εSYSIDPart) for which AID is aID (x means that the value of i may be any);   AID SYSIDPart : The set consisting of AID for each sysID x   (x)  εSYSIDPart⊂SYSIDGroup in pList;   Pass SYSIDPart,aID : The set consisting of PASS for all account for which SYSID is an element in SYSIDPart, for which AID is aID.       

       FIG. 18  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance at Embodiment 3. 
     (Step  1801 ) the U chooses SYSIDPart (C SYSIDGroup), and inputs reqPw and SYSIDPart to U M  (APP). Then, we suppose that AID SYSIDPart  is {aID1, . . . , aIDN}. In the following, one aIDW is taken as an example (1≦W≦N). Let “JW” be the j corresponding to aIDW. The U M  (APP) chooses one account having aIDW, computes tReqPwW (=h JW (RAND, SYSID)) (where we suppose SYSID=sysID IW   (JW)  and RAND=RandW for the account), and obtains PASS (PASS IW   (JW)  εPass SYSIDPart,aIDW ). Let PassW be the obtained PASS. After that, the U M  (APP) sends SYSIDPart and {tReqPwW, PassW} 1≦W≦N  to some C (JW)  (here, let it be C (J1) ). 
     (Step  1802 ) C (J1)  judges whether PassW is valid or not. 
     (Step  1803 ) In the case where the judgements at Step  1802  is positive, C (J1)  refers to aList (J1) , and obtains MID (mID i   (J1) ) for each account which has the same AID with aIDJ1 included in Pass1, and for which SYSID (sysID i   (J1) ) is an element in SYSIDPart. In the case where the judgements at Step  1802  is negative, the C (J1)  sets the value st i   (J1)  of the state to be “false” for each of all sysID i   (J1)  εSYSIDGroup (J1)   SYSIDPart,aIDJ1 . C (J1)  manages st i   (J1)  for every S i   (J1) . st i   (J1)  means whether the registration of tpw is successful (true) or not (false). 
     (Step  1804 ) The C (J1)  issues tpw, and, sends the tpw and the mID i   (J1)  to each S i   (J1)  identified in the case where the judgement at Step  1802  is positive. 
     (Step  1805 ) The S i   (J1)  that receives the tpw and the mID i   (J1) , identifies the account to which mID i   (J1)  is registered from uList i   (J1) , determines tpwInfo i   (J1) , and generates mes i   (J1)  including the tpwInfo i   (J1) . The S i   (J1)  registers, to the identified account, the received the tpw as TPW, and registers the determined tpwInfo i   (J1)  as TPWINFO. Also, the S i   (J1)  sets the value of st i   (J1)  to be “true”. Here, in case, for example, that there does not exist any concerned the U in S i   (J1) , the value of st i   (J1)  is set to be “false”. 
     (Step  1806 ) Each S i   (J1)  (εSYSIDPart) obtains SUKEY (suKey i   (J1) ) registered for the concerned account, and sends the value st i   (J1)  of the state and eMes i   (J1) =Enc SUKEY  (mes i   (J1) ), to the C (J1)  (SUKEY=suKey i   (J1) ). At this stage, the C (J1)  turns out to have received the values of st x   (x)  and eMes x   (x)  from all S i   (J1)  (εSYSIDPart) registered in C (J1) . After that, the C (J1)  executes the following for 2≦W≦N. Here, we suppose that JW≠J1 for each W (≠1). In the cast where there exists a W with JW=J1, C (J1)  itself has only to do the process from Step  1802  to Step  1806  using the identical tpw without newly issuing a tpw. 
     (Step  1807 ) The C (J1)  sends SYSIDGroup (JW)   SYSIDPart,aIDJW , tReqPwW and PassW, to C (JW) . 
     (Step  1808 ) C (JW)  judges whether PassW is valid or not. In the case where this judgement is positive, the C (JW)  identifies the account in aList (JW)  using aIDW included in PassW, obtains MID ({mID i   (JW) } B ) (B=SYSIDεSYSIDGroup (JW)   SYSIDPart,aIDJW ), and temporarily sets the value of st i   (JW)  to be “true”. In the case where PassW is invalid, for all service systems (in the case where MID cannot be obtained with some reason, for service systems for which MID cannot be obtained), the C (JW)  sets the value of st i   (JW)  to be “false”. 
     (Step  1809 ) The C (JW)  generates an access token (token i   (JW) ) for each S i   (JW)  εSYSIDGroup (JW)   aIDW  such that st i   (JW) =true. C (JW)  sends token i   (JW) , st i   (JW)  and mID i   (JW)  to the C (J1)  (token i   (JW)  may include st i   (JW)  and mID i   (JW) ). At this stage, C (J1)  has received {st i   (JW) , mID i   (JW) , token i   (JW) } B  from each of C (J2) , . . . , C (JN)  (B=SYSIDεSYSIDGroup (JW)   SYSIDPart,aIDJW ). 
     (Step  1810 ) The C (J1)  sends mID i   (JW) , tpw and token i   (JW)  only to S i   (JW)  such that st i   (JW) =true. 
     (Step  1811 ) Each S i   (JW)  receiving mID i   (JW) , tpw and token i   (JW) , judges whether token i   (JW)  is valid or not. In the case where this judgement is positive, S i   (JW)  identifies the account for which mID i   (JW)  is registered, determines tpwInfo i   (JW)  and generates mes i   (JW)  including the tpwInfo i   (JW) . S i   (JW)  registers, to the identified account, the received tpw as TPW, and registers the determined twpInfo i   (JW)  as TPWINFO. S i   (JW)  generates eMes i   (JW) =Enc SUKEY (mes i   (JW) ) (SUKEY=suKey i   (JW) ). S i   (JW)  sets the value of st i   (JW)  to be “true”. S i   (JW)  returns st i   (JW)  and eMes i   (JW)  to C (J1) . Here, in case, for example, that token i   (JW)  is invalid, S i   (JW)  may set the value of st i   (JW)  to be “false”, and may return the st i   (JW)  to the C (J1) . 
     (Step  1812 ) The C (J1)  receives, from S i   (JW) , the response including st i   (JW)  and eMes i   (JW) . 
     (Step  1813 ) The C (J1) , in case of receiving the response including st i   (JW)  and eMes i   (JW)  from each S i   (JW)  εSYSIDGroup (JW)   aIDw  (2≦w≦N), returns the tpw issued at Step  1804  and all (st i   (JW) , eMes i   (JW) ) to the U M  (APP). 
     According as the U M  (APP) decrypts each eMes i   (JW) , the U can obtain tpw which is available for all S i   (JW)  ⊂SYSIDPart and tpwInfo i   (JW)  sent by each S i   (JW)  ⊂SYSIDPart (information including the expiration date etc.). 
     We show, in  FIG. 19 , a concrete example of the flow for tpw issuance shown in  FIG. 18 . That is, in the case where the U is registered to C (1) , C (2) , S 1   (1)  and S 2   (2) , and that the U sends a request of issuance for tpw (a common 1-day password) for S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (2)  (SYSIDPart={S 1   (1) , S 2   (2) }), the exchange among the U M  (APP), the C (1) , the C (2) , the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (2)  follows as  FIG. 19  (The same step numbers with the step numbers mentioned in  FIG. 18  are used). In  FIG. 19 , the C (J1)  is supposed to be the C (1) , and C (JW)  is supposed to be the C (2) . 
     Embodiment 4 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 4. Then, we mainly describe the difference from Embodiments 1 to 3, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiments 1 to 3. 
     In Embodiment 4, concerned with an issuance of a common password (tpw) for plural S i   (JW)  registered in plural C (JW) , the C (J1)  entrusts other C (JW)  with the registration process for S i   (JW)  registered in the C (JW) . 
       FIG. 20  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance at Embodiment 4. We describe mainly the difference from  FIG. 19 . Then, C (J1)  is set to be C (1) , and C (JW)  is set to be C (2) . 
     The same process with Steps  1801  to  1806  (Steps  2001  to  2006 ). The C (1)  sends tpw besides sysID 2   (2) , tReqPw (2)  and Pass 2   (2) , to the C (2)  (Step  2007 ), and the C (2)  receives tpw, sysID 2   (2) , tReqPw (2)  and Pass 2   (2)  from the C (1) , and judges whether Pass 2   (2)  is valid or not (Step  2008 ). In the case where the judgement is positive, the C (2)  sends tpw and mID 2   (2)  to the S 2   (2)  (Step  2009 ). The S 2   (2)  registers the tpw and the tpwInfo 2   (2)  to uList 2   (2)  (Step  2010 ), and returns st 2   (2)  and eMes 2   (2)  to C (2)  (Step  2011 ). The C (2)  sends the st 2   (2)  and the eMes 2   (2)  to C (1)  (Step  2012 ). Namely, st 2   (2)  and eMes 2   (2)  are sent from S 2   (2)  to C (1)  via C (2) . After that, the C (1)  returns tpw, (st 1   (1) , eMes 1   (1) ) and (st 2   (2) , eMes 2   (2) ) respectively received from S 1   (1)  and S 2   (2) , to the U M  (APP) (Step  2013 ). 
     Since S i   (JW)  (JW≠J1) is not service systems registered to C (J1) , the C (J1)  cannot primarily register tpw to S i   (JW) . Then, in Embodiment 3 described above, C (JW)  issues an access token (token i   (JW) ) for enabling tpw registration to S i   (JW)  registered in its own sList (JW) , and sends it together with mID i   (JW)  to C (J1) . According as a secret key cKey i   (JW)  is shared by C (JW)  and each S i   (JW) , mID i   (JW)  can be, in encrypted style, sent to C (J1) . The token i   (JW)  may be a one-time signature, but its expiration date for token i   (JW) , restriction on authority etc. may be related to token i   (JW) , in which case C (J1)  can use, even after the next time, the sysID i   (JW) , mID i   (JW)  and token i   (JW)  received first. Therefore, the communication between C (J1)  and C (JW) , and, the communication between C (JW)  and S x   (JW) , can be abbreviated. 
     Embodiment 5 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 5. Then, we describe mainly the difference from Embodiments 1 to 4, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiments 1 to 4. 
     Whereas in Embodiments 3 and 4, a method based on so-called ID cooperation is adopted (mID shall be cooperated among control center machines), in Embodiment 5, a method base on single sign-on such as SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is adopted. S 2   (2)  (S i   (JW) ) has the function as Policy enforcement point  2100 . 
       FIG. 21  shows an example of the flow for tpw issuance at Embodiment 5. We mainly describe the difference from  FIG. 19 . 
     The same processes with Steps  1801  up to  1806  are performed (Step  2101  up to Step  2106 ). C (1)  sends sysID 2   (2) , tReqPw (2)  and Pass 2   (2)  to C (2)  (Step  2107 ). The C (2)  receives sysID 2   (2) , tReqPw (2)  and Pass 2   (2)  from C (1) , and judges whether Pass 2   (2)  is valid or not (Step  2108 ). 
     In the case where the judgement at Step  2108  is positive, the C (2)  sends an assertion (data including mID 2   (2) ) such as authentication state, attributes (mID 2   (2)  etc.) and authority (for such as password registration) to S 2   (2)  (Step  2109 ). In other words, the C (2)  (C (JW) ) does not have to notify mID 2   (2)  (mID i   (JW) ) registered in uList 2   (2)  (uList i   (JW) ), to C (1)  (C (J1) ). 
     The S 2   (2)  judges whether the assertion is valid with Policy enforcement point  2100  (Step  2110 ). The S 2   (2) , in the case where the judgement is positive, may notify the judgement (OK) to the C (1) , and may keep the judgement without notifying to the C (1) . 
     The C (1)  notifies tpw to the S 2   (2)  (Step  2111 ). For example, the C (1) , knowing the information necessary for communication with the S 2   (2)  corresponding to sysID 2   (2) , may send the notification to the S 2   (2)  using that information, and the C (2) , at the timing such as when it sends the assertion to the S 2   (2) , may notify the information necessary for communication with the S 2   (2)  to the C (1) . Also, the tpw notification from the C (1)  to the S 2   (2)  may be performed responding the judgement above from the S 2   (2) , and may be performed, for example, periodically, without the judgement above from the S 2   (2) . The S 2   (2) , in case of receiving tpw from the C (1) , determines tpwInfo 2   (2) , and registers tpw and tpwInfo 2   (2)  to uList 2   (2)  (step  2112 ). This registration is performed in the case where that the judgement at Step  2110  is positive. 
     After that, the S 2   (2)  returns st 2   (2)  and eMes 2   (2)  to the C (1)  (Step  2113 ) The C (1)  returns tpw, (st 1   (1) , eMes 1   (1) ) and (st 2   (2) , eMes 2   (2) ) received from the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (2)  respectively, to the U M  (APP) (Step  2113 ). 
     Embodiment 6 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 6. Then, we mainly describe the difference from Embodiments 1 to 5, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiments 1 to 5. 
     In Embodiments 1 to 5, tpw issuance is performed. In Embodiment 6, instead of or besides tpw issuance, another controls for tpw such as tpw alternation and tpw deletion, is performed. Specifically, for example, a request of tpw issuance is an example of requests of tpw control. An example of tpw control is tpw issuance, and an example of control center machine (identification code control apparatus or identification code control system) is a control center machine. The information elements that are related to the request of tpw control, may be the same with the information elements that are related to the request of tpw issuance. APP is used also for tpw control other than tpw issuance besides tpw issuance. In the following, as another example of requests of tpw control, taking tpw deletion as an example, we describe tpw control. Here, “tpw deletion” means “to nullify tpw so that anyone including U disable to log in until the next request of tpw issuance is performed”. 
       FIG. 22  shows an example of the flow for tpw deletion at Embodiment 6. 
     (Step  2201 ) The U M  (APP) performs a similar process with Step  1401  in  FIG. 14 . However, in this embodiment, a request of tpw deletion instead of a request of tpw issuance is sent. 
     (Step  2202 ) The C (1)  receives a request of tpw deletion from the U M  (APP), responds the request, and judges whether Pass i   (1)  related to the request is valid or not. 
     (Step  2203 ) The C (1) , in the case where the judgement at Step  2202  is positive, refers to the aList (1) , and identifies all the account that has AID coinciding with the aID (1)  in the Pass i   (1)  judged to be valid and that has SYSID coinciding with some sysID i   (1)  in SYSIDPart related to the request of tpw deletion. The C (1)  obtains the respective MID (mID i   (1) ) for all the identified accounts. 
     (Step  2204 ) C (1)  performs the following for each sysID i   (1)  (εSYSIDPart). In the description for Steps  2204  to  2207 , one sysID i   (1)  is taken as an example. The C (1)  sends a request of tpw deletion associated with mID i   (1)  corresponding to the S i   (1) , to S i   (1)  corresponding to S i   (1) . 
     (Step  2205 ) The S i   (1)  receives the request of tpw deletion associated with the mID i   (1)  from the C (1) . The S i   (1)  identifies the account for which MID coinciding with the mID i   (1)  related to the received request is registered. The S i   (1)  deletes the information elements of tpw and tpwInfo for the identified account. 
     (Step  2206 ) The S i   (1)  sends the response for the completion of deletion. 
     (Step  2207 ) The C (1) , in the case where it receives the responses from all the S i   (1)  corresponding to sysID i   (1)  (εSYSIDPart), sends the response for the request of tpw deletion, to the U M  (APP). The U M  (APP) receives the response from the C (1) . 
     According to Embodiment 6, it is possible to control on tpw for all the S i   (1)  corresponding to all the accounts with the same aID (1)  with the aID (1)  corresponding to the chosen Pass i   (1) . For example, tpw deletion seems to be effective in the case where, instead of tpw, a password with no restriction for the expiration date or the frequency of possible use is registered as the common password (Namely, whereas in the embodiment, the adopted password is a common 1-day password, not only such a password but also a password with no restriction for the expiration date or the frequency of possible use may be adopted). 
     Embodiment 7 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 7. Then, we describe mainly the difference from Embodiments 1 to 6, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiments 1 to 6. 
     In Embodiment 7, at least one S i   (j)  sends Info i   (j)  to a certain control center machine. The “certain control center machine” is, for example, the control center machine that the S i   (j)  is registered to, the control center machine that is the sender of the prescribed information elements (such as tpw or mID i   (j) ), or that control center machine the receives the request of tpw control from U M  (APP). “Info i   (j) ” is the data output from the issuer S i   (j)  of Info i   (j) , and is data including data which may be published to service systems except for S i   (j)  (The data include in Infoi(j) has only to be data that is permitted to be so public by U). Info i   (j)  may be include, for example, in the response from S i   (j)  (the response at Step  1203  in  FIG. 12 , the response at Step  1303  in  FIG. 13 , etc.) at Pre-registration, and in the response from S i   (j)  in a control such as tpw issuance (the response at Step  1406  in  FIG. 14 , the response at Step  1812  in  FIG. 18 , the response at at least one of Step  2011  and Step  2012  in  FIG. 20 , Step  2113  in  FIG. 21 , etc.). Then, as shown in  FIG. 23 , The issued Info i   (j)  is registered to uList i   (j)  in S i   (j)  that has issued Info i   (j)  (INFO). Also, Info i   (j)  assemble to a certain control center machine, and Info i   (j)  shall be registered in aList (j)  in the control center machine. Info i   (j)  may include data on the permitted publishing destination service system (such as sysID i   (j)  and the name of the company offering the service system) and the publishing period, etc. 
     S i   (j) , receiving an application from the U, in the case where a certain type of information is necessary for the process for the application, may send a query on the certain type of information (for example, a query associated with mID i   (j)  corresponding to the applicant U), to the certain control center machine (or, C (j)  that S i   (j)  receiving the application is registered in) (The query may be transfer from C (j)  receiving the query from S i   (j)  to the certain control center machine above). The control center machine receiving the query, as the response for the application, may send the information that is data in Info i   (j)  corresponding to mID i   (j) , and is permitted to be so published (for example, a resume, a resident card, etc.), to the query origin S i   (j) . 
     Embodiment 8 
     In the following, we describe Embodiment 8. Then, we describe mainly the difference from Embodiments 1 to 7, and omit or simplify the description for similarities with Embodiments 1 to 7. Here, Embodiment 8 may be an example of variants or a specific example for Embodiment 7. 
     Each service system to which the U is registered manages U&#39;s personal information (for example, a certificates of graduation, a certificates of qualification, a resume, a medical record, the personal identity number (and its accompanying data), etc.). The progress for convenience can be expected as the U&#39;s personal information comes to be cooperated among service systems at least while the U permits. Also, whereas the cooperated information may be other types of information on the U instead of or besides the U&#39;s personal information, at least according to the types of information being the target of cooperation, at least a part of the information being the cooperation target must not be shown to the unidentified (for example, anyone except for the U and entities permitted to which the U permits (such as the cooperation origin and the cooperation destinations)). 
     In Embodiment 8, information can be cooperated among service systems without being shown to the unidentified. 
     Also, in Embodiment 8, in the registration flow, the U can know the information being registered to S i   (j) . 
     Also, Embodiment 8, existing specification on transfer of authorization data such as OAuth can be applied. 
     In the following, we describe an example of each of the flow for registration and the flow for information cooperation (Information Sharing) at Embodiment 8. 
       FIG. 31  shows an example of the flow for registration at Embodiment 8. Here, for simplicity of description, we suppose that only the C (1)  exists as C (j)  ( FIG. 31  shows only S 1   (1)  among plural S i   (1) ). 
     At the time of finishing the registration flow, the information elements below are stored in the U M . The information elements below are registered in pList. Also, at least one of the information elements below may be stored after being encrypted using data including the U M  specific data as the key.
         Pass i   (1) : request data for the approval for request to send to C (1)  (a request pass);   suKey i   (1) : shared key necessary for communication with S i   (1) .       

     At the time of finishing the registration flow, the information elements below are stored in S i   (1) . The information elements below are registered in uList i   (1) . At least one of the information elements below may be stored after being encrypted.
         uID i   (1) : user ID for use of S i   (1)  and data shared by U and S i   (1) ;   authInfo i   (1) : authentication data for U (for example, a password except for TempPw (such as a fixed password));   verAuthInfo i   (1) : data to verify authInfo i   (1) ;   mID i   (1) : ID for management in S i   (1)  and data shared by C (1)  and S i   (1)  (distinct for each U). Here, at information sharing, mID i   (1)  for the sharing origin or the sharing destination is stored;   suKey i   (1) : shared key necessary for communication with U M ;   verRegToken: data to verify a checking token for registration completed (regToken);   TempPw: temporary password (such as tpw);   TempPwInfo: information on restriction for TempPw, including at least one of the expiration date (period), the frequency of use (TempPwTimes) and the frequency of possible use (TempPwTimesMax);   sID: sharing ID. It is an ID used at information sharing, and is an ID for uniquely identifying the sharing;   AttList i   (1) : list of attribution data (att) (the details are described later).       

     At the time of finishing the registration flow, the information elements below are registered in the C (1) . The information elements below are registered in at least aList (1)  among aList (1) , sList (1)  and cList (1) . At least one of the information elements below may be stored after being encrypted.
         mID i   (1) : ID for management in S i   (1)  and data shared by C (1)  and S i   (1)  (distinct for each U). Here, at information sharing, mID i   (1)  for the sharing origin and mID i   (1)  for the sharing destination are stored;   verTicket: data necessary to verify a registration ticket (ticket) for an account in aList (1) ;   aID (1) : ID for APP. As described above, plural distinct aID (1)  may exist for one C (j)  and one APP;   tReqPw: password for requests;   verPass i   (1) : data necessary to verify Pass i   (1)  (device authentication for U M );   sID: sharing ID;   sysID i   (1) : ID for the service system S i   (1) ;   att: attribution data (such as the name, the mail address, etc.) Offerable att and acceptable att are stored as att. Data including one or more values of att (the values following att) is a sharing target data (Info);   eInfo: sharing target data (Info) after being encrypted;   AccessToken: access token at OAuth, that is, a token used for communication between C (1)  and S i   (1) .       

     The registration flow, as shown in  FIG. 31 , is following. 
     The registration flow consists of First registration procedure that is a procedure between the U and the S i   (1)  and the Second registration procedure that is a procedure between the U and the C (1) . The First registration procedure is constructed with the following (R1) up to (R6), and Second registration procedure is constructed with the following (R7) to (R10). 
     (R1) The U M  (such as APP) sends user data along the policy of the S i   (1) , and determines uID i   (1)  and authInfo i   (1)  for logging in to the S i   (1) . 
     (R2) The S i   (1)  converts the user data received at (R1), and stores it. 
     (R3) The S i   (1)  sends a request of account addition associated with sysID i   (1)  and a registration password (rpw), to the C (1) . Here, the rpw may be a data that the U itself determines and that is notified to the S i   (1)  by the U M  (or the U P ), and may be a data that determined by the S i   (1) . The C (1)  receives the request of account addition associated with sysID i   (1)  and rpw. 
     (R4) The C (1) , responding to the request of account addition, performs the following process. Namely, the C (1)  makes one account (for example, adds an account in the aList (1) ), and assigns (registers) the mID i   (1)  to the account. Furthermore, the C (1)  generates a registration ticket (ticket) for the account. After that, the C (1)  registers the assigned mID i   (1) , the received sysID i   (1)  and verTicket (data necessary for verifying the validity of the registration ticket) to its own database (such as the aList (1) ). In the ticket, data for identifying the corresponding account is included. C (1)  sends the assigned mID i   (1)  and the generated ticket, to the S i   (1) . The S i   (1)  receives the mID i   (1)  and the ticket. 
     (R5) The S i   (1)  adds one account (adds one account in the uList i   (1) ), determines a key suKey i   (1)  necessary for communication with U M , and registers uID i   (1) , mID i   (1)  and suKey i   (1)  to the account. Furthermore, the S i   (1)  generates a checking token for registration completed (regToken), and registers the data necessary to verify it (verRegToken) to the concerned account. 
     (R6) The S i   (1)  sends the ticket, the suKey i   (1)  and the regToken to the U M . The U M  receives the ticket, the suKey i   (1)  and the regToken. Here, in the case where the U itself determines rpw, the S i   (1)  sends also the rpw to the U M . Also, it is not compulsory to determine and send regToken. 
     (R7) The U M  sends a registration request associated with the ticket, the suKey i   (1) , the rpw, the regToken and the reqPw, to the C (1) . The C (1)  receives the registration request associated with the ticket, the suKey i   (1) , the rpw, the regToken and the reqPw. The ticket, the suKey i   (1) , the rpw and the regToken may be data received from the S i   (1) , and may be data input by the U. The reqPw may be data determined by the U or the APP. 
     (R8) The C (1) , in response to the registration request, performs the successive process. Namely, the C (1) , using verTicket (and rpw), verifies the validity of ticket. In the case where the ticket is valid, the C (1)  identifies the account with ticket, generates aID (1)  and Pass i   (1) , and registers them. Also, the C (1)  registers, to the identified account, the aID (1)  and the data necessary for verifying Pass i   (1)  and reqPw related to the registration request (verTReqPw (data necessary for verifying tReqPw) and verPass i   (1)  (data necessary for verifying Pass i   (1) )). In the Pass i   (1) , data for identifying an account in the C (1)  (such as aID (1) ), and data for U&#39;s identifying a registration destination S i   (1)  (such as sysID i   (1) ) are included. Here, at (R8), we may make the U perform OAuth authentication, and may register AccessToken based on the authentication result after being encrypted, to the account. 
     (R9) The C (1)  sends the mID i   (1)  and the regToken to the S i   (1) . The S i   (1)  receives the mID i   (1)  and the regToken, and verifies the regToken using verRegToken for the account that the received mID i   (1)  is registered to. In the case where the regToken is valid, the S i   (1)  recognizes that the account gets enable to use authentication among three entities. 
     (R10) The C (1)  sends the Pass i   (1)  to the U M . The U M  receives the Pass i   (1)  and stores the Pass i   (1)  and the suKey i   (1) . 
     The aforementioned is the description for the registration flow at Embodiment 8. Here, in Embodiment 8, for the registration flow, any registration flow at other embodiments may be adopted instead of the registration flow described referring to  FIG. 31 . Or, the registration flow at Embodiment 8 may be adopted at any other embodiments. Also, whereas OAuth may be adopted at any other embodiments instead of or besides Embodiment 8, at least, OAuth is not mandatory for the present invention. 
       FIG. 25  shows an example of the flow for authentication and sharing at Embodiment 8. Here, in the following description, we suppose that, as S i   (j) , there are plural S i   (1)  including S 1   (1)  and S 2   (1) . Also, in the following description, we suppose that in use of S i   (1)  (Service A), data which S 1   (1)  desires is the same with the data kept in S 2   (1)  (Service B), and hence U wants to offer the data kept in S 2   (1)  to S 1   (1) . Thus, S 2   (1)  is the sharing origin service system, and S 1   (1)  is the sharing destination service system. Also, in the following description, processes with “(Authentication)” at the beginning are processes executed only in case of issuance of TempPw such as tpw. Processes with “(Sharing)” at the beginning are processes executed only in case of information sharing. Processes with neither “(Authentication)” nor “(Sharing)” are processes executed in any case of TempPw issuance and information sharing. 
     (P1) 
     The U M  (APP) receives the choice of op from the U. “op” is the type of operation for the target of the request, and specifically, for example, authentication, information sharing, or both of them. In the case where “authentication” is chosen, hereafter, the processes with “(Authentication)” at the beginning is supposed to be performed. In the case where “information sharing” is chosen, hereafter, the processes with “(Sharing)” at the beginning is supposed to be performed. In the case where “both of them” is chosen, hereafter, the processes with “(Authentication)” and the processes with “(Sharing)” at the beginning, is supposed to be performed. Here, for the overlap between the processes with “(Authentication)” at the beginning and the processes with “(Sharing)” at the beginning, once it has been performed at the one process, it may not be performed at the other process. U M  (APP) displays the list of sysID i   (1)  identified with all Pass i   (1)  stored in U M . 
     (Authentication): The U M  (APP) receives the choice of aID (1)A  (or sysID 1   (1) ) from the displayed list. aID (1)A  is aID (1)  for the account that sysID 1   (1)  for S 1   (1)  (Service A) that U makes be the login destination is registered to. 
     (Sharing): The U M  (APP) receives the choices of aID (1)A  (or sysID 1   (1) ) and aID (1)B  (or sysID 2   (1) ). The aID (1)A  is aID (1)  for the account that sysID 1   (1)  of the information sharing destination the S 1   (1)  is registered in. The aID (1)B  is aID (1)  for the account that sysID 2   (1)  of the information sharing origin S 2   (1)  is registered in. 
     The U M  (APP) sends a request associated with the chosen op, Pass for the chosen accounts (at least Pass 1   (1)  out of Pass 1   (1)  and Pass 2   (1) ) and tReqPw, to C (1) . The tReqPw is reqPw input by the U at (P1), or is a data based it on. The C (1)  receives the request associated with op, Pass and tReqPw. 
     (P2) 
     The C (1) , in response to the received request, performs the successive process. Namely, the C (1)  verifies the validities of tReqPw and Pass using verPass and verTReqPw for the account that the received Pass and tReqPw are registered to (hereafter, the target account). In the case where those are valid, the C (1)  finds mID 1   (1)  (and mID 2   (1) ) corresponding to aID (1)A  (and aID (1)B ) identified with Pass, in the account(s) (such as aList (1) ). 
     (Sharing): The C (1) , for the S 1   (1)  corresponding to aID (1)A  (mID 1   (1) , inquires the list (AttList 1   (1) ) of the acceptable attribution data (att), and for the S 2   (1)  corresponding to aID (1)B  (mID 2   (1) ), inquires the list (AttList 2   (1) ) of the offerable attribution data. “AttList i   (1) ” is a list of attribution data (att), including at least one out of acceptable att and offerable att. The AttList i   (1)  includes both of acceptable att and offerable att, and may be narrowed down to one of acceptable att and offerable att, in being offered in responding the inquiry from the C (1) . The AttList i   (1)  may be a list pre-registered from the S i   (1) , and in that case, the inquiry procedure may be omitted. The S i   (1) , as described above, stores offerable att and acceptable att in advance. 
     (P3) 
     (Sharing): The C (1)  sends the intersection (att) of AttList 1   (1)  and AttList 2   (1)  to the U M , and the U M  displays the intersection (att). U M , from the U, receives the choice of the attribution data att to be shared, and sends the chosen att to the C (1) . The C (1)  receives the chosen att. 
     (P4) 
     (Authentication): The C (1)  generates tpw for the target account. Here, we suppose that the tpw is generated, but TempPw of the type other than tpw may be generated. 
     (Sharing): The C (1)  generates a unique sID for the information sharing executed in the flow for this authentication/sharing. 
     (P5) 
     (Sharing): The C (1)  sends a request (a data offer request) associated with sID and mID 2   (1)  generated at (P4), att received at (P3), and sysID 1   (1)  for the sharing destination S 1   (1) , to the sharing origin S 2   (1) . At that time, the C (1)  may send also AccessToken for OAuth, to the sharing destination S 2   (1) . In the AccessToken for OAuth, attribution data (att) that may be sent to the S 1   (1)  without authInfo 1   (1)  may be described. The sharing origin S 2   (1)  receives the request associated with sID, mID 2   (1) , att and sysID 1   (1)  (and AccessToken). 
     (P6) 
     (Sharing): The sharing origin S 2   (1) , responding to the request, performs the successive process. Namely, the sharing origin S 2   (1)  encrypts the sharing target data Info including the value if att corresponding to mID 2   (1)  (the value following att) with a key with which the sharing destination S 1   (1)  can decrypt. Here, we denote the Info by “InfoB”, according to the meaning that it is data shared from Service B (the S 2   (1) ), and denote the encrypted InfoB by “eInfoBA” according to the meaning that it is data to be shared to Service A (S 1   (1) ). The sharing origin S 2   (1)  encrypts InfoB with suKey 2   (1) . We denote the encrypted InfoB by “eInfoUB” according to the meaning that it is encrypted with the key shared with the U. The S 2   (1)  sends sID, eInfoBA and eInfoUB to the C (1) . The C (1)  receives sID, eInfoBA and eInfoUB. The C (1)  may store the received sID, eInfoBA and eInfoUB to the storage unit  511 . 
     (P7) 
     (Authentication): The C (1)  sends a request associated with mID 1   (1)  and tpw, to the S 1   (1) . The S 1   (1)  receives the request associated with the mID 1   (1)  and the tpw. 
     (Sharing): The C (1)  sends a request associated with the mID 1   (1)  and sID, to the sharing destination S 1   (1) . At that time, the S 1   (1)  may send AccessToken for OAuth to the S 1   (1) , too. The sharing destination S 1   (1)  receives the request associated with the mID 1   (1)  and sID (and AccessToken). 
     (P8) 
     (Authentication): The S 1   (1)  registers, to the account corresponding to the mID 1   (1) , the tpw and the tpwInfo for the tpw (such as period, tpwTimesMax), encrypts data including tpw and tpwInfo with suKey 1   (1) , and returns the encrypted data eTpwInfo to the C (1) . 
     (Sharing) The S 1   (1)  registers the sID and the mID 1   (1)  to the corresponding account in a database (such as the uList 1   (1) ). 
     (P9) 
     (Authentication): The C (1)  sends eTpwInfo (including the encrypted tpw) to the U M . 
     (Sharing): The C (1)  sends eInfoUB to the U M . 
     (P10) 
     The U M  encrypts the data received at (P9) (at least one out of eTpwInfo and eInfoUB) with suKey 2   (1) , and displays the decrypted data. 
     (Sharing): The displayed data is the sharing target data. The U M  (APP) may receive the reply whether the sharing for the sharing target data should be approved (OK) or cancelled (NG), and may notify the received reply to the C (1) . The U has only to reply “NG” in the case where there is an error in at least a part of the sharing target data, or that the U gets urged not to share, etc. In the case where the reply means “NG” (cancelled), the C (1)  is supposed to cancel the sharing, namely, disable the sharing target data to be obtained by the sharing destination S 1   (1) . Specifically, for example, the C (1) , in case of receiving the reply “NG”, deletes eInfoUB (and eInfoBA, sID) from the storage unit  511 . Or, the C (1)  excludes the sharing destination S 1   (1)  from the access permission for the sharing target data. 
     (P11) 
     The U P  accesses to the S 1   (1) , for example to login, inputs uID 1   (1)  and authInfo 1   (1)  to the S 1   (1) . 
     (Authentication): the U P , in addition, inputs tpw to the S 1   (1) . 
     (P12) 
     In the case where the input data (uID 1   (1)  and authInfo 1   (1) ) is correct, the S 1   (1)  permits the U P  to log in. 
     (P13) 
     (Sharing): The S 1   (1)  sends the sID for the sharing process addressed to the mID 1   (1)  registered to the S 1   (1) , to the C (1) . The C (1)  sends eInfo (such as eInfoBA) associated with the sID, to the S 1   (1) . The S 1   (1)  receives and decrypts the eInfo (such as eInfoBA) (thus, InfoB is obtained). 
     According to the information sharing flow described above, information sharing becomes executable by the request (permit) from the U. Also, any of the sharing target data, the sharing origin and the sharing destination can be designated by the U. Therefore, the sharing target data, the sharing origin and the sharing destination can be restricted in scope the U permits. 
     Also, according to the information sharing flow described above, the sharing target data is, in encrypted state, stored in the storage unit  511  managed by an entity except for the sharing origin or the sharing destination, and the data is decrypted by the sharing destination S 2   (1) . Hence, it is possible to prevent the unidentified from inspecting the sharing target data. 
     Here, in the information sharing flow described above, the C (1)  may store, besides eInfoBA, a certificate guaranteeing that the eInfoBA is a data coming from Service B (the S 2   (1) ), in the storage unit  511 . Instead of or besides it, the C (1)  may send, besides eInfoBA, a certificate guaranteeing that the eInfoBA is a data coming from Service B (the S 2   (1) ), to the S 1   (1) . 
     Also, at least a part of the shared data may be a link such an access key (like URL) for Service system being the sharing origin, instead of or besides the data displayed to the user terminal (at least one out of the U P  and the U M ). Also, the link may be at least a part of the displayed data. 
     Also, the sharing origin and the sharing destination, not limited to be of 1:1 such as the example above, may be of 1:N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 2), and may be of M:1 (M is an integer greater than or equal to 2). 
     Also, eInfo is sent from the S 2   (1)  to the S 1   (1)  via the C (1)  (the storage unit  511 ), but besides, any one out of the following (a) to (c) may be adopted: 
     (a) the C (1)  requests the S 2   (1)  to send InfoB to Service A (the S 1   (1) ). The S 2   (1) , in response to the request, sends eInfo (or InfoB (non-encrypted sharing target data)) to the S 1   (1) ; 
     (b) the C (1)  requests the S 2   (1)  to obtain Info from Service B (the S 2   (1) ). The S 1   (1) , is response to the request, obtains eInfoBA (or InfoB) from S 2   (1) ; 
     (c) S 2   (1)  sends the link representing the address at which eInfoBA (or InfoB) exists (a storage apparatus inside or outside of the S 2   (1) ), to the C (1) . The C (1) , in accordance with the link, obtains eInfoBA (or InfoB), and sends the eInfoBA (or InfoB) to the S 1   (1) , or, the C (1)  sends the link to the S 1   (1) , and the S 1   (1) , in accordance with the link, obtains eInfoBA (or InfoB). 
     Information sharing at Embodiment 8 can be expected to be applied to various cases such as submitting U&#39;s certificate (for example, a certificates of graduation, a certificates of qualification, a certificate of tax payment, a property register book, etc.) from the university or the organization managing the certificate to a company etc., delivering medical records among hospitals, delivering personal identity numbers (and their accompanying data) among companies, etc. 
     According to Embodiment 8, it can be expected that U can rely on the information sharing. Because, S i   (1)  can be expected to be registered to C (1)  in case of being recognized in view of the credibility etc. 
     At at least one out of Embodiments 7 and 8, at least one of the following (01) up to (05) may be adopted. 
     (01) At least a part of sharing target data may be non-encrypted. Whether to be encrypted at least a part of sharing target data, may be determined by the user (for example, at Step  2501 , the user may determine whether to encrypt or not, for each sharing target data), and whether to be encrypted by the sharing origin service system may be controlled according to the importance or the classification of the sharing target data. 
     (02) EK 1   (1)  (encryption key) for the sharing target data may be the public key of the S 1   (1) , and DK 1   (1)  (decryption key) of the sharing target data may be the secret key of the S 1   (1) . Also, the encryption key/decryption key may a key of other type such as a shared key etc. instead of the public key/secret key. Also, the key may be delivered between the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1)  via the user terminal (Specifically, for example, it may be sent from the S 2   (1)  to the C (1) , sent from the C (1)  to the U M  (displayed to the screen of the U M  by U M ), input to the U P , and sent from the U P  to the S 1   (1) ), may be delivered between the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1)  without via the user terminal (Specifically, for example, it may be sent from the S 2   (1)  to the S 1   (1)  via (or without via) the C (1) ), and may be shared between the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1)  in advance. 
     (03) For example, in the case where at least a part of the sharing target data is non-encrypted, the C (1)  may check whether the sharing target data is innocuous or not (for example, whether it may be displayed or not), that is, the presence of malware (such as virus or remote manipulate program, etc.) 
     (04) In Embodiment 8, a request of tpw issuance can combine a request of information sharing (a request for sharing data among service systems), but the request of information sharing may become independent of the request of tpw issuance. Namely, U M , at another timing than issuing a request of rpw issuance, may send a request of information sharing (such as a request of sharing data from Service A (the S 1   (1) ) to Service B (the S 2   (1) )). In that case, as the response to the request of information sharing, the information sharing above may be performed. 
     (05) In Embodiment 8, both the sharing origin and the sharing destination are chosen by the U, but at least one out of the sharing origin and the sharing destination may be all of the systems the U can use (all service system that the C (1)  can identify for the U in the aList (1) ). 
     In the following, we summarize Embodiments 1 to 8. Here in the description of the summaries, we can appropriately add new descriptions of modified examples etc. for at least one among Embodiments 1 to 8. 
     According to Embodiments 1 to 8, S i   (j) , in case of receiving mID i   (j)  and tpw from C (j) , becomes of a state possible to receive a request for service (such as a log in request) from the U, and in the case where the expiration date of tpw has passed, becomes of a state impossible to receive a request for service (such as a log in request) from the U. The former state is a state in which the authentication shutter is open, and the latter state is a state the authentication shutter is closed. “An authentication shutter” is a logical shutter to control acceptance of authentication requests. If the authentication shutter is open, then S i   (j) , in case of receiving an authentication request with uID i   (j)  and tpw, performs the judgement (authentication) of whether the uID i   (j)  and the tpw are correct or not. On the other hand, if the authentication shutter is closed, then without doing judgement of whether the uID i   (j)  and the tpw are correct or not, S i   (j)  rejects the authentication request. Being bygone for the expiration date of tpw means that the state of the authentication shutter turns from open to closed, but the change from open to closed of the authentication shutter may be performed responding to the request from the U. 
       FIG. 26  shows an example of the abstract of the identification code management. 
     In  FIG. 26 , “TempPw” has the meaning of temporary passwords as described above, is of the concept including general otp (one-time password), not limited to tpw. According to  FIG. 26 , we can see the relationship between TempPw and the control system. 
     In the case where TempPw is needed, the type of TempPw shall vary according to whether the period for possible use (the period until the expiration data) is short (for example, for a few minutes) or long (for example, longer than the period for the “short”), and according to whether the frequency of possible use is fixed or unlimited. Specifically, for example, in the case where the period for possible use is “short” and that the frequency of possible use is “fixed”, the TempPw used may be a general otp (such as an otp for which the frequency of possible use is limited to once). In the case where the period for possible use is “long” and that the frequency of possible use is “unlimited”, the TempPw used is acceptable to be tpw described above. 
     TempPw is not always necessary. There is a case in which TempPw is not necessary. In that case, it does only with the control using the authentication shutter described above. Combination of an authentication shutter and TempPw is also possible. 
     In the following, we describe the control of the authentication shutter for which TempPw (such as tpw) is not used. Here, in the following, for readability of description, we suppose that only C (1)  is provided as C (j) , and that plural S i   (1)  including the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1)  are provided as S i   (j) . 
     As shown in Reference code  2700 - 1  in  FIG. 27 , S i   (1)  has plural functions of Shutter management server  2701 - i  that controls the switch of the authentication shutter, Service server  2702 - i  that provides service in the case where the authentication is successful, and Authentication server  2703 - i  that performs authentication. Namely, S 1   (1)  has Shutter management server  2701 - 1 , Service server  2702 - 1  and Authentication server  2703 - 1 , and S 2   (1)  has Shutter management server  2701 - 2 , Service server  2702 - 2  and Authentication server  2703 - 2 . 
     Out of Shutter management server  2701 - i , Service server  2702 - i  and Authentication server  2703 - i , any of Shutter management server  2701 - i  and Authentication server  2703 - i  can be shared by plural S 1   (1) . 
     Specifically, for example, as shown in Reference code  2700 - 2  in  FIG. 27 , Authentication server  2703  may exist outside the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1) , and Authentication server  2703  may be shared by the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1) . Furthermore, as shown in Reference code  2700 - 3  in  FIG. 27 , Shutter management server  2701  also may exist outside the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1) , and Shutter management server  2701  may be shared by the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1) . 
     In the following, taking the construction shown by Reference code  2700 - 1  as the example, we describe the control of the authentication shutter. Here, in the following description, we take, as the example, the S 1   (1)  out of the S 1   (1)  and the S 2   (1) . 
     In the control of the authentication shutter, Registration procedure #1, Registration procedure #2, Authentication shutter operation procedure and Login procedure are performed. 
     In Registration procedure #1, the flow shown in Reference code  2800 - 1  in  FIG. 28  is performed. 
     Namely, U P  sends a request (Req_S) to Service server  2702 - 1  (Step  2801 ). The service server  2702 - 1 , responding to the request, sends a request of user addition to the C (1)  (Step  2802 ). 
     The C (1)  generates a unique mID (mID 1 ), generates a digital signature Sign for sysID 1   (1)  and data on the concerned account (U&#39;s account) (for example, invariant data that is for the concerned account and that is stored in a list the C (1)  keeps, such as the date of the account generation, etc.), and generates an application pass for authentication shutter controls (Pass=(mID, sysID, Sign)). Furthermore, C (1)  generates a key, and encrypts Pass using the key. Pass after being encrypted is denoted by E(Pass). Here, since it is only once at this moment that the C (1)  encrypts Pass, since it is the C (1)  itself to decrypt the encrypted Pass, and since Pass itself is of not so large size, Vernam cipher may be adopted with one-time keys. 
     Also, the C (1) , to the concerned account, sets the value of ust (the state of the U) to be “halfway” (on the way through registration). ust (the state of the U), for example, may be included in OTHERS in aList i   (1) . The C (1) , associating with sn, stores mID, key and ust in aList (1) . The C (1)  sends sn, mID and E(Pass) to the service server  2702 - 1  (Step  2803 ). 
     The service server  2702 - 1  registers, in the uList 1   (1) , uID 1   (1)  and mID, sets the value of sst (the state of the authentication shutter) to be “closed” (the value meaning the state of closed), and sets the value of period (the time when the authentication shutter becomes of the state closed) to be “undefined”. sst and period are included in at least one out of TPWINFO and OTHERS. After that, the service server  2702 - 1  sends sn and E(Pass) to U P  (Step  2804 ). 
     In the registration procedure #2, the flow shown in Reference code  2800 - 3  in  FIG. 28  is performed. 
     The sn and E(Pass) that the U P  receives are input, by the U, to the U M . For the input to the U M  for data the U P  receives, two-dimensional bar codes etc. may be used, and manual input may be used. The sn and the E(Pass) are input to the U M  such as the APP. 
     After that, by the U, the authentication shutter control password (reqPw) is input to U M . Here, in this description, for simplicity, we suppose that there is one control center machine (C (1) ), and that tReqPw=reqPw. The U M sends the sn, the reqPw and the E(Pass) to the C (1)  (Step  2811 ). The C (1)  identifies the account with sn, and in only case that ust registered as the account data is “halfway”, obtains Pass decrypting E(Pass) using the key for the concerned account. After that, the C (1)  verifies the validity of Pass, and in the case where it is valid, sets the value of hreqPw to be “h(reqPw)” (the value being applied to an irreversible transformation process for reqPw), and the value of ust to be “active” (a value meaning being registered) (Step  2812 ). In addition to ust, hreqPw also may be included in, for example, OTHERS in aList (1) . Here, in the case where ust is already “active”, or in the case where Pass is invalid, the C (1)  may stop the procedure to be failure at that time. 
     In the case where Pass is valid, the C (1)  sends the Pass to the U M  (Step  2813 ). The U M  stores the received Pass after encrypting it with the key of U M  specific data (such as MAC address, UUID, etc.) (Step  2814 ). 
     At Authentication shutter operation procedure (when the U opens or closes the authentication shutter), the flow shown at Reference code  2800 - 3  in  FIG. 28 . 
     The U M , with the U M  specific data, decrypts the encrypted data such as Pass. The U M  receives the input of sysID 1   (1)  (the system ID for the service system (the system ID for S 1   (1) ) whose authentication shutter is operated), the operation content (open or close (O/C)) and reqPw from U, and sends those data and Pass to C (1)  (Step  2821 ). 
     The C (1)  identifies the account with mID included in Pass, and verifies the validities of Pass and reqPw. In the case where those are valid (and correct, respectively), the C (1)  sends mID and the operation content (O/C), to the shutter management server  2701 - 1  (Step  2822 ). 
     The shutter management server  2701 - 1 , if the operation content is open, determines the time to close the authentication shutter, and sets the value of period for the U (period identified with the key of mID) to be “t”. Because the timing to open the authentication shutter seems to be the time when the U intends to use the S 1   (1)  from now, “t” may be the time after a few minutes later since the operation content is received. The shutter management server  2701 - 1 , if the operation content is close, sets the value of period for U to be “Undefined”. 
     After that, the shutter management server  2701 - 1  updates set and period for the U, and returns period to the C (1)  (Step  2823 ). The C (1)  sends the period to the U M  (Step  2824 ). 
     In Login procedure, the flow shown in  FIG. 29  is performed. 
     The U P , responding to the instruction from the U, sends uID 1   (1)  and pw to the service server  2702 - 1  (Step  2901 ). The pw may be a fixed password or TempPw. The service server  2702 - 1  sends an inquiry associated with uID 1   (1)  (an inquiry for the state of the authentication shutter for the U), to The shutter management server  2701 - 1  (Step  2902 ). 
     The shutter management server  2701 - 1  identifies sst and period with the key of uID 1   (1) . In the case where the time is not after period, the shutter management server  2701 - 1  returns the value of sst (“open” or “closed”) to the service server  2702 - 1  (Step  2903 ). In the case where the time is after period, the shutter management server  2701 - 1  returns “closed” as the value of sst to the service server  2702 - 1 . Also, in the case where the uID 1   (1)  does not exist, or in the case where the value of period is “Undefined”, the shutter management server  2701 - 1  returns “closed” as the value of sst to Service server  2702 - 1 . 
     The service server  2702 - 1 , in only case that “open” is returned as the value of sst, inquiries (the uID 1   (1) , the pw) to the authentication server  2703 - 1  (Step  2904 ). In the case where “open” is not retuned as the value of sst, the service server  2702 - 1  may finish the procedure recognizing the login authentication to be failed. 
     The authentication server  2703 - 1 , responding to (the uID 1   (1) , the pw), returns Yes or No to the service server  2702 - 1  (Step  2905 ). 
     The Service server  2702 - 1 , in only case that Yes is returned, provides service for the U P  (for example, recognizes the login authentication to be successful). 
     As many a Web application, in the case where the authentication gets successful, delivers Cookie to the browser of the U, also in the control of authentication shutters, according as the service server  2702 - 1  delivers Cookie to the U P  in the case where the authentication gets successful, the U P  does not have to do the Authentication procedure for every moving inside the site. In case of the authentication succeeded (in the case where Yes is returned), according as the service server  2702 - 1  sends a request for closing the authentication shutter to the shutter management server  2701 - 1 , spoofed login by others can be prevented after the U has logged in. 
       FIG. 30  shows examples of the screen transition at the U M  or the U P . 
     Reference code  3000 - 1  is an example of the screen transition in the case where the period for possible use of tpw is short and that the frequency of possible use is fixed. In this case, as described above, general otp can be used. Hence, for example, according to the U, to the display of U M , tReqPw (1)  (reqPw, accurately) and the designated service system (Service A), OTP “1234” that is available only for Service A is issued by the C (1) , and the OTP is displayed to the U M . 
     Reference code  3000 - 2  is an example of the screen transition in the case where the period for possible use of tpw is long and that the frequency of possible use is unlimited. In this case, as described above, a shared tpw is used, but Reference code  3000 - 2  shows an example in which passwords distinct for every service system are issued. For example, according as the U inputs tReqPw (1)  and one or more service systems (Service A and Service C) to the display of the U M , the passwords “1234” and “5678” corresponding to Service A and Service C respectively are issued by the C (1) , and those passwords are displayed to the U M . 
     Reference code  3000 - 3  is an example of the screen transition in the case where the period for possible use of tpw is long and that the frequency of possible use is unlimited. In this case, as described above, the pw is used. For example, according as the U, to the display of the U M , inputs tReqPw (1)  and one or more service systems (Service A and Service C) to which sharing tpw is designated, tpw “1234” that is shared by Service A and Service C is issued by the C (1) , and the tpw is displayed to U M . At that time, as shown by the figure, the expiration date that is represented by period included in tpwInfo associated with tpw, and uID included in tpwInfo (uID for every service system chosen by the U) may be displayed. 
     Reference code  3000 - 4  is an example of the screen transition for the case of switching the authentication shutter. For example, according as the U, to the display of the U M , inputs tReqPw (1) , the operation content (for example, Close) and one or more service systems (Service A and Service C), the state of each authentication shutter for the U out of Service A and Service C is set to be as the operation content, and the result is displayed to the U M . At that time, as shown by the figure, in addition to period, tpwInfo including uID for every service system the user chooses may be sent to U M , and uID included in the tpwInfo (uID for every service system chosen by the U) may be displayed, too. 
     Reference code  3000 - 5  is an example of the screen transition for authentication/sharing. For example, as shown in Reference code  3000 - 5 , the U inputs (or chooses), to the display of the U M , the sharing origin service system (From) (such as the S 2   (1)  at  FIG. 25 ), the sharing destination service system (To) (such as S 1   (1)  at  FIG. 25 ) and the sharing target data (for example, “Certificate X”), and the U M  (APP) sends those to the C (1) . Here, “Certificate X” is the sharing target data, and is also the value of att in information sharing. Namely, in the example at this figure, the sharing target data is the value of one att. Thus, the desired att may be designated by the U, and for the att, both check of offerability and acceptability may be performed. The U M  (APP) displays, in addition to tpw from the C (1) , uID, at least a part of the sharing target data and the replay button (OK button and NG button). In the case where the key for the sharing target data is delivered via the user terminal, the key also may be displayed by the U M  (APP). In the case where OK button is pushed, the U, using the U P , may access to the sharing destination service system. 
     Thus, whereas we have described some embodiments, the present invention is never restricted to those embodiments. 
     For example, in the case where authentication using bio-information with mobile terminals is generalized, by combining it, two-factor authentication without information by memory, or three-factor authentication can be expected. For example, in the case where the U M  gets available via biometrics authentication (such as fingerprint authentication or iris authentication) with U M , the bio-information of the U (such as fingerprint authentication or iris authentication) may be used for generation of tReqPw (1)  by the U M . For example, instead of or besides reqPw, bio-information of the U may be used. The used bio-information may be data detected by the U M , and may be data pre-registered in the U M . 
     Also, tpwInfo i   (j)  may include digital object (such as text or image) for identity certificate to be displayed on the screen that S i   (j)  provides for the U (for example, the screen for receiving application such as login screen, the screen for receiving an input of bank account numbers etc.). The object for identity certificate in tpwInfo i   (j)  may be displayed to the display  211  by U M  (APP). U, before inputting data to the screen provided by S i   (j) , compares the object for identity certificate on the screen with the identity certificate code displayed to the touch panel type display  211  by the U M  (the object for identity certificate in tpwInfo i   (j) ). If those coincide, then we can see that the screen provided by U M  is, indeed, the screen provided by S i   (j) . Thus, it can be prevented for the U to offer data to unauthorized systems (for example, to became a victim by phishing). 
     Also, sysID i   (j)  related to a request of tpw control such as a request of tpw issuance, may be all (or a part of) sysID i   (j)  that are registered in pList and that are automatically chosen by U M  (APP), instead of sysID i   (j)  for the service systems manually chosen by the U. 
     Also, at least one of the restrictions for tpw (for example, at least one out of the expiration date and the frequency of possible use) may be determined by the control center machine issuing tpw, instead of the service system. Taking the expiration date as the example, it is as follows. Namely, the expiration date is determined by the control center machine, the expiration data determined by the control center machine sends to the service system via or without via another control center machine. Specifically, for example, the C (1)  determines the expiration date for every sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart (die example, at any one among Steps  1402  to  1404 ). The expiration date may be identical for all sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart, and may be distinct for every sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart. For example, the expiration date (Period 1   (1) ) corresponding to the S 1   (1)  under the management by the C (1)  that determines the expiration date for tpw is sent from the C (1)  to the S 1   (1) . Also, for example, the expiration date (Period 1   (2) ) corresponding to the S 1   (2)  under the management by another control center machine the C (2)  other than the C (1)  is sent from the C (1)  to the S 1   (2)  via or without via the C (2) . S i   (j)  registers the received expiration date for tpw (Period i   (j) ) in uList i   (j)  as at least a part of tpwInfo i   (j)  (for example, Step  1405 ). The process above may be applied to a restriction other than the expiration date for tpw (such as the frequency of possible use). 
     Also, at least one of the restrictions for tpw (for example, at least one out of the expiration date and the frequency of possible use) may be determined by the user instead of the service system. Taking the expiration date as the example, it is as follows. The expiration date is input to the U M  (APP) by the U, is sent from the U M  (APP) to the control center machine, and is sent from the control center machine to the service system via or without via another control center machine. Specifically, for example, the U M  (APP) receives the input on the expiration date for tpw (Period i   (j) ) for each sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart, from the U (for example, Step  1401 ). The expiration date may be identical for all sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart, and may be distinct for every sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart. The expiration date for tpw (Period i   (j) ) for each sysID i   (j)  in SYSIDPart is sent from the U M  (APP) to C (1)  (for example, Step  1401 ). After that, for example, the expiration date for tpw (Period 1   (1) ) corresponding to the S 1   (1)  under the management by the C (1)  that receives the expiration date for tpw from the U M , sent from the C (1)  to the S 1   (1) . Also, for example, the expiration date for tpw (Period 1   (2) ) corresponding to the S 1   (2)  under the management by another control center machine C (2)  other than the C (1) , sent from the C (1)  to the S 1   (2)  via or without via the C (2) . S i   (j)  registers the received expiration date for tpw (Period i   (j) ) in uList i   (j)  as at least a part of tpwInfo i   (j)  (for example, Step  1405 ). The process above may be applied to a restriction other than the expiration date for tpw (such as the frequency of possible use). 
     Also, at least a part of the process described above that each of C (j) , S i   (j) , the U P  and the U M  does, as described above, is performed according as a processor executes computer programs. Also, “servers” described above may be physical server machines instead of functions executed by computer systems (such as virtual servers). C (j)  and S i   (j)  are, typically, owned or managed by different entities, but may be owned or managed by the identical entity. 
     Also, the exchange between the U and S i   (j)  at least registration phases may be performed on paper base not limited to on Web base. Here, in the description above, according to the table operations at the processes performed by responding to a request from S i   (j)  to C (j) , a record (an account) is added in the table, and data is registered to the record by the table operation at the process performed responding to the request from U M  to C (j) . 
     Also, a key such as aID (j)  for aggregating plural service systems may be stored in at least one out of the U M  and C (j) . 
     Also, aID (j)  is not mandatory. For example, since mID i   (j)  are distinct for the identical S i   (j)  if the U are distinct, mID i   (j)  may be used as aID (j) . However, since, in the case where the number of S i   (j)  U uses is large, it is possible to assign two or more S i   (j)  U uses with the identical aID (j) , we can expect efficiency by the existence of aID (j) . 
     Also, in tpwInfo i   (j)  U M  receives, the link (such as URL) to the service system may be included for every service system (for example, for every service system being an issuance destination of tpw, or, for every service system being a sharing destination for sharing target data). U M  (or U P ) may access to the service system designating the link in tpwInfo i   (j) . Here, in the link (URL) included in tpwInfo i   (j) , data for identifying U may be included. The service system accessed from U M  (or U P ) designating the link, may provide a screen in which data (for example, uID and authentication data) shall be input to the input field, to the access origin U M  (or U P ). 
     Also, at least one of the embodiments at which tpw is used, in a request sent from the U P  (or the U M ) to S i   (j)  (such as login request), in addition to tpw, a password specific to the S i   (j)  may be used. Also, at at least one of the embodiments, digital signatures are not mandatory. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           101  . . . Control center machine,  103  . . . Service system,  105  . . . User terminal