Patent Publication Number: US-10770789-B2

Title: Antenna structure

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The invention relates to an antenna structure, and more particularly to an antenna structure with a radiator unit disposed at an edge of a substrate. 
     Description of Related Art 
     With the vigorous development of communication technologies, commercial mobile communication systems can achieve high-speed data transmission, and provide Internet service providers with a wide range of services, such as network services of multimedia video streaming, instant road reporting and navigation, and instant network communication that require huge data transmission quantity. For hardware, an antenna design affects the performance of wireless signals transmitting and receiving. Therefore, how to design a high-performance antenna is one of the goals in the related industries. 
     SUMMARY 
     The objective of the invention is to provide an antenna structure that has radiation pattern switching functions of switching its radiation pattern based on its surrounding environment, thus achieving high transmission and reception performances under various environments. 
     One aspect of the invention relates to an antenna structure which includes a substrate, a vertical radiator, a reflective structure and a vertical radiator. The vertical radiator is in the substrate. The reflective structure is laterally disposed external to the vertical radiator. The horizontal metal branch is coupled to the reflective structure. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to an antenna structure which includes a substrate and plural radiator units. The radiator units are in the substrate, and each of the radiator units includes a vertical radiator, a reflective structure and a horizontal metal branch. The reflective structure is laterally disposed external to the vertical radiator. The horizontal metal branch is coupled to the reflective structure. At least two of the horizontal metal branches of the radiator units belong to two different layers of the substrate. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to an antenna structure which includes a substrate, plural vertical radiators, a reflective structure and plural horizontal radiators. The vertical radiators are in the substrate and are spaced from each other. The reflective structure is laterally disposed external to the vertical radiators and has plural first portions and at least one second portion, in which each first portion extends from the second portion toward a nearest one of side edges of the substrate, and the second portion extends substantially parallel to at least one of the side edges of the substrate. The horizontal metal branches are respectively coupled to the first portions of the reflective structure and are respectively associated with the vertical radiators. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description of the embodiment, with reference made to the accompanying drawings as follows: 
         FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 1B  are respectively a perspective view and a top view of an antenna structure in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross sectional view of the antenna structure in  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a radiator set in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B  are respectively a perspective view and a top view of the radiator unit in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B  are respectively a perspective view and a top view of the radiator unit in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a radiator set  700  in accordance with some other embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is an illustrative example of an electronic apparatus. 
         FIG. 9  is an implementation of the antenna structure of the wireless communication module in  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  is another implementation of the antenna structure of the wireless communication module in  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 11  is another illustrative example of an electronic apparatus. 
         FIG. 12  is a simplified top view of an antenna structure in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a simplified top view of an antenna structure in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B  are respectively simplified views of two opposite sides of an antenna structure in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 15A  and  FIG. 15B  are respectively simplified views of two opposite sides of an antenna structure in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The spirit of the disclosure is clearly described hereinafter accompanying with the drawings and detailed descriptions. After realizing preferred embodiments of the disclosure, any persons having ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and changes according to the techniques taught in the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. 
     Terms used herein are only used to describe the specific embodiments, which are not used to limit the claims appended herewith. Unless limited otherwise, the term “a,” “an,” “one” or “the” of the single form may also represent the plural form. Further, the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. 
     The document may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. 
     Further, spatially relative terms, such as “over,” “on,” “under,” “below,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The structure may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 1B ,  FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 1B  are respectively a perspective view and a top view of an antenna structure  100 . The antenna structure  100  include at least a substrate  110  and components disposed on or in the substrate  110 , such as radiation elements, conductive lines, switches and/or other components. The substrate  110  has a center area  110 A and a peripheral area  110 B. The center area  110 A has components for transmitting electrical signals, while the peripheral area  110 B has radiators. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross sectional view of the antenna structure  100  in  FIG. 1A . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the substrate  110  is a multi-layered board structure formed of alternately stacked dielectric layers  112  and metal layers  114 . Each dielectric layer  112  may be formed from FR4 material, glass, ceramic, epoxy resin or silicon, and each metal layer  114  may be formed from copper, aluminum, nickel and/or another material. In addition, each metal layer  114  may include a radiator element, a conductive line, a switch or another component needed to form a radiation structure and an electrical signal transmission structure. The metal layers  114  may include different patterns based on the components formed in the metal layers  114 . Moreover, the substrate  110  may be formed by various processes, such as low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC), integrated passive device (IPD), multi-layered film, multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB) or another multi-layered process based on the material type of the dielectric layers  112 . 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure  300  in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. Similar to the antenna structure  100  in  FIG. 1A , the antenna structure  300  includes at least a substrate  310  and components disposed on or in the substrate  310 , such as radiation elements, conductive lines, switches and/or other components, the substrate  310  has a center area  310 A and a peripheral area  310 B, in which components for transmitting electrical signals may be disposed in the center area  310 A, and one or more radiators may disposed in the peripheral area  310 B. In detail, the peripheral area  310 B is separated into four areas  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318  respectively at four side edges of the substrate  310 , and a radiator may be optionally disposed in each of the regions  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 . In addition, the substrate  310  is a multi-layered board structure, which may be similar to the structured formed of alternately stacked dielectric layers  112  and metal layers  114  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a radiator set  400  in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. The radiator set  400  is formed of alternately arranged radiator units  400 A,  400 B. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the radiator units  400 A,  400 B have different three-dimensional patterns. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional patterns of the radiator units  400 A,  400 B are upside down with respect to each other, so as to further adjust the symmetry, the radiation pattern and the overall antenna structure  300 .  FIG. 4  is exemplified as the radiator set  400  arranged in the area  312  of the antenna structure  300 . In various embodiments, the radiator set  400  may be disposed in each of the areas  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318  of the antenna structure  300 . 
       FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B  are respectively a perspective view and a top view of the radiator unit  400 A in  FIG. 4 . The radiator unit  400 A includes a vertical radiator  510 , a reflective structure  520 , a horizontal metal branch  530  and a feeding trace  540 , in which the vertical radiator  510  is coupled to the feeding trace  540 , while the reflective structure  520  is laterally disposed external to the vertical radiator  510  and is coupled to the horizontal metal branch  530 . 
     The vertical radiator  510  is used to generate a vertically polarized radiation pattern. The vertical radiator  510  vertically crosses multiple dielectric layers in the substrate  310 , of which the length may be near to or approximately ¼ of the equivalent wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the substrate  310 . The vertical radiator  510  is formed of a through substrate via (TSV) conductor. In practical, the TSV conductors may be conductive by coating conductive liquid/paint or plating conductive metal in the fabricating process. The vertical radiator  510  may be a blind via structure, a buried via structure or a through via structure, based on the thickness of the substrate  310 , the number of the metal layers in the substrate  310  and the arrangement of the vertical radiator  510  in the substrate  310 . 
     The reflective structure  520  is formed of the vertical conductors  520 A and the planar metal structures  520 B, in which the vertical conductors  520 A extend along the direction perpendicular to the planar direction of the substrate  310 , while the planar metal structures  520 B extend along the planar direction of the substrate  310  and are electrically connected through the vertical conductors  320 A. In the embodiment, the distance between the neighboring vertical radiators  520 A is less than ¼ of the equivalent wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the substrate  310 . 
     Similar to the vertical radiator  510 , the vertical conductors  520 A are formed of TSV conductors. The vertical conductors  520 A may be formed of one or more types. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the lengths of the vertical radiator  510  and the vertical conductors  520 A are the same, and similarly, the vertical conductors  520 A may be blind via structures, buried via structures or through via structures, based on the number of the metal layers in the substrate  310  and the arrangements of the vertical conductors  520 A in the substrate  310 . However, embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. In various embodiments, according to design requirements, the vertical conductors  520 A may include blind via structures, buried via structures and/or through via structures. In addition, in another embodiment, the vertical radiator  510  and the vertical conductors  520 A may have different lengths and/or different height positions. 
     In addition, the vertical radiator  510  and the vertical conductors  520 A may be plated conductive via structures, in which conductive material is plated onto the walls of the via holes, such as copper, gold, aluminum, nickel or another metal, and then a conductive material or an insulating material (e.g. air or epoxy resin) is filled or plugged into the remained spaces, or a conductive material or an insulating material is plugged to form plugged via structures, or a solder mask is disposed on the top and/or the bottom of the spaces to form tented via structures. In another embodiment, the vertical radiator  510  and the vertical conductors  520 A may be non-plated conductive via structures, in which conductive material is directly filled into the via holes, such as metal of copper, gold, aluminum, nickel, but are not limited thereto. 
     The planar metal structures  520 B may respectively belong to several metal layers in the substrate  310 , and may have different patterns depending on the arrangements of the vertical radiator  510  and/or the vertical conductors  520 A. As shown in  FIG. 5A , in the embodiment, the lengths of the planar metal structures  520 B are approximately the same, and the second lowermost planar metal structure  520 B has a gap  526 . In another embodiment, according to various design requirements, the lengths of the planar metal structures  520 B may be different, and the gap  526  may be in another planar metal structure  5206 . 
     The radiator unit  400 A further includes a grounding plate  528  connected to the lowermost planar metal structure  520 B in the reflective structure  520 . The grounding plate  528  tapers in a direction from the planar metal structures  520 B toward the vertical radiator  510 , and a gap is between the grounding plate  528  and the vertical radiator  510  for impedance matching. As shown  FIG. 5A , in the embodiment, the grounding plate  528  and the lowermost planar metal structure  520 B are coplanar, i.e. belong to the same metal layer in the substrate  310 . In addition, the grounding plate  528  and the lowermost planar metal structure  520 B may be a single structure. In another embodiment, according to design requirements, the grounding plate  528  and the planar metal structure in the reflective structure  520  other than the lowermost planar metal structure  520 B belong to the same metal layer in the substrate  310 , or alternatively the grounding plate  528  may not be coplanar with each of the planar metal structures  520 B in the reflective structure  520 . The pattern of the grounding plate  528  shown in  FIG. 5A  is planar trapezoidal, while in another embodiment, the grounding plate  528  may have another tapered pattern. 
     The reflective structure  520  is divided into a first portion  522  and a second portion  524 , of which the extending directions are non-parallel. In the embodiment, an end of the first portion  522  is connected with an end of the second portion  524  to form an L-shaped planar pattern, the extending direction of the first portion  522  is approximately perpendicular to the corresponding side edge of the substrate  310 , and the extending direction of the second portion  524  is approximately parallel to the corresponding side edge of the substrate  310 . In another embodiment, the angle between the extending directions of the first portion  522  and the second portion  524  may be an obtuse angle or an acute angle. In addition, as shown in  FIG. 5A , the gap  526  is in the second portion  524 , and the grounding plate  528  is connected with the second portion  524 . The second portion  524  is used to reflect the radiation wave generated by the vertical radiator  510 , such that the electromagnetic field radiates outwardly from the corresponding side edge of the substrate  310 . 
     The horizontal metal branch  530  is coupled to the other end of the first portion  522  and is structurally separated from the grounding plate  528 . As shown in  FIG. 5A , in the embodiment, the horizontal metal branch  530  and the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B are coplanar, i.e. belong to the same metal in the substrate  310 , and the extending direction of horizontal metal branch  530  is approximately parallel to the extending direction of the second portion  524 . In addition, the horizontal metal branch  530  and the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B may be a single structure. The horizontal metal branch  530  may be a strip metal structure, of which the resonant length is approximately ¼ of the equivalent wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the substrate  310 , so as to increase the radiation component of the horizontal polarization. In another embodiment, according to design requirements, the horizontal metal branch  530  and the planar metal structure in the reflective structure  520  other than the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B belong to the same metal layer in the substrate  310 , or alternatively the horizontal metal branch  530  may not be coplanar with each of the planar metal structures  520 B in the reflective structure  520 . In  FIG. 5 , the horizontal metal branch  530  and the grounding plate  528  are respectively coplanar with the uppermost and lowermost planar metal structures  520 B to further avoid parasitic effect. 
     The feeding trace  540  is coupled to the vertical radiator  510  and laterally penetrates through the reflective structure  520 , such that the vertical radiator  510  is electrically coupled to the components in the center area  310  through the feeding trace  540 . The feeding trace  540  and the planar metal structure  520 B with the gap  526  may belong to the same metal layer in the substrate  310 , and the feeding trace  540  extends from the vertical radiator  510  to the center area  310 A and penetrates through the gap  526 . The feeding trace  540  may be a parallel microstrip line structure or another transmission line structure. 
       FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B  are respectively a perspective view and a top view of the radiator unit  400 B in  FIG. 4 . The radiator unit  400 B includes a vertical radiator  610 , a reflective structure  620 , a horizontal metal branch  630  and a feeding trace  640 , in which the vertical radiator  610  is coupled to the feeding trace  640 , while the reflective structure  620  is laterally disposed external to the vertical radiator  610  and is coupled to the horizontal metal branch  630 . 
     Similarly to the reflective structure  520  shown in  FIG. 5A , the reflective structure  620  has a vertical conductor  620 A and planar metal structures  620 B and is divided into a first portion  622  and a second portion  624 , in which the gap  626  penetrated through by the feeding trace  640  is in one of the planar metal structures  620 B, while the grounding plate  628  is connected with another planar metal structure  620 B. The functions of components in the radiator unit  400 B may be respectively similar to those of the components in the radiator unit  400 A, and therefore the related description can be referred to the foregoing paragraphs and is not repeated herein. 
     In the embodiment, the three-dimensional patterns of the radiator units  400 A,  400 B are upside down with respect to each other. In addition, the grounding plate  528  in the radiator unit  400 A and the grounding plate  628  in the radiator unit  400 B belong to different metal layers, and the horizontal metal branch  530  of the radiator unit  400 A and the horizontal metal branch  630  of the radiator unit  400 B also belong to different metal layers. In another embodiment, according to design requirements, the radiator unit  400 A and/or the radiator unit  400 B may have a three-dimensional pattern different from that shown in  FIG. 5A  and/or  FIG. 6A , and the three-dimensional patterns of the radiator unit  400 A,  400 B may not be upside down with respect to each other. For example, the number of the vertical conductors  520 A in the reflective structure  520  may be different from the number of the vertical conductors  620 A in the reflective structure  620 , the distance between the vertical radiator  610  and the first portion  622  may be less than the distance between the vertical radiator  510  and the first portion  522 , and the grounding plate  628  and the planar metal structure in the reflective structure  620  other than the uppermost planar metal structure  620 B may belong to the same metal layer in the substrate  310 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 ,  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 6A , the vertical radiator  510  of the radiator unit  400 A and the vertical radiator  610  of the radiator unit  400 B neighboring the radiator unit  400 A are spaced from each other, and the reflective structure  520  of the radiator unit  400 A and the reflective structure  620  of the radiator unit  400 B neighboring the radiator unit  400 A are coupled to each other. Specifically, the first portion  522  of the reflective structure  520  and the first portion  622  of the reflective structure  620  are respectively at a side edge of the radiator set  400  and at the boundary between the two neighboring radiator units  400 A,  400 B, such that the vertical radiators  510 ,  610  in the two neighboring radiator units  400 A,  400 B are spaced from each other, and the second portion  524  of the reflective structure  520  and the second portion  624  of the reflective structure  620  are connected with each other to form a wall shape. In addition, each radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B includes the vertical radiator  510 / 610 , and thus in the radiator set  400 , the grounding plate  528 / 628  and the horizontal metal branch  530 / 630 , the grounding plates  528 / 628  are respectively associated with the vertical radiators  510 / 610 , and the horizontal metal branches  530 / 630  are also respectively associated with the vertical radiators  510 / 610 . 
     In the embodiment of which the planar metal structures  620 B in the radiator unit  400 B and the planar metal structures  520 B in the radiator unit  400 A are coplanar, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B in the radiator unit  400 A and the uppermost planar metal structure  620 B in the radiator unit  400 B are connected with each other, the lowermost planar metal structure  520 B in the radiator unit  400 A and the lowermost planar metal structure  620 B in the radiator unit  400 B are connected with each other, and the rightmost vertical conductor  520 A/ 620 A in the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B is also the leftmost vertical conductor  620 A/ 520 A in the second portion  624 / 524  of the radiator unit  400 B/ 400 A neighboring the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B. In addition, the combination of the first portion  522 / 622  and the horizontal metal branch  530 / 630  in the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B is used for increasing the isolation between the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B and the radiator unit  400 B/ 400 A at the left of the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B, and the horizontal metal branch  530 / 630  is used for guiding the radio frequency current, so as to prevent the radio frequency current from coupling to the radiator unit  400 B/ 400 A that results in a center frequency shift of the radiator units  400 A,  400 B, and simultaneously a horizontal radio frequency current component may also be generated on the horizontal metal branch  530 / 630 , such that the antenna has a horizontal polarization. 
     In another embodiment, the radiator units  400 A,  400 B in the substrate  310  may be vertically misaligned and/or horizontally misaligned. For example, the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B in the radiator unit  400 A may be connected with a planar metal structure other than the uppermost planar metal structure  620 B in the radiator unit  400 B, the whole or a part of the rightmost vertical conductor  520 A/ 620 A in the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B may also be the whole or a part of a vertical conductor other than the outermost vertical conductor  620 A/ 520 A in the first portion  622 / 522  of the radiator unit  4006 / 400 A at the right side of the radiator unit  400 A/ 400 B. 
       FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a radiator set  700  in accordance with some other embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the radiator set  700  is formed of sequentially arranged radiator units  400 A. As shown in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 7 , the vertical radiators  510  of the two neighboring radiator units  400 A are spaced from each other, and the reflective structures  520  of the two neighboring radiator units  400 A are coupled to each other. In particular, the first portions  522  of the reflective structures  520  are respectively at a side edge of the radiator set  400  and at the boundary between the two neighboring radiator units  400 A, such that the vertical radiators  510  in the two neighboring radiator units  400 A are spaced from each other, and the second portions  524  of the reflective structures  520  are connected with each other to form a wall shape. In addition, each radiator unit  400 A has the vertical radiator  510 , the grounding plate  528  and the horizontal metal branch  530 , and thus in the radiator set  700 , the grounding plates  528  are respectively associated with the vertical radiators  510 , and the horizontal metal branches  530  are also respectively associated with the vertical radiators  510 . 
     The planar metal structures  520 B of the two neighboring radiator units  400 A may be in a one-to-one correspondence. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the uppermost and lowermost planar metal structures  520 B in the two neighboring radiator units  400 A are respectively connected with each other, and the rightmost vertical conductor  520 A in the left radiator unit  400 A is also the leftmost vertical conductor  520 A in the second portion  524  of the right radiator unit  400 A neighboring the left radiator unit  400 A. In addition, the combination of the first portion  522  and the horizontal metal branch  530  in the right radiator unit  400 A is used for increasing the isolation between the left and right radiator units  400 A, and the horizontal metal branch  530  is used for guiding the radio frequency current, so as to prevent the radio frequency current from coupling to the left radiator unit  400 A that results in a center frequency shift of the left and right radiator units  400 A, and simultaneously a horizontal radio frequency current component may also be generated on the horizontal metal branch  530 , such that the antenna has a horizontal polarization. 
     In another embodiment, the two neighboring radiator units  400 A in the substrate  310  may be vertically misaligned and/or horizontally misaligned. For example, the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B in the left radiator unit  400 A may be connected with a planar metal structure other than the uppermost planar metal structure  520 B in the right radiator unit  400 A, and the whole or a part of the rightmost vertical conductors  520 A in the left radiator unit  400 A may also be the whole or a part of a vertical conductor other than the outermost vertical conductor  520 A in the first portion  522  of the right radiator unit  400 A. 
     In another embodiment, the radiator set  700  may be formed of sequentially arranged radiator units  400 B, which is similar to sequentially arranged radiator units  400 A, and therefore the related description can be referred to the foregoing paragraphs and is not repeated herein. 
       FIG. 7  is exemplified as the radiator set  700  arranged in the area  312  of the antenna structure  300 . In various embodiments, the radiator set  700  may be disposed in each of the areas  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318  of the antenna structure  300 . In addition, in some embodiments, according to design requirements, the radiator set  400  or the radiator set  700  may be selectively disposed in each of the areas  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318  of the antenna structure  300 . For example, the radiator set  400  may be disposed in each of the areas  312 ,  316 , and the radiator set  700  may be disposed in each of the areas  314 ,  318 . 
     The antenna structure in accordance with embodiments of the invention may be applied to may electronic products with wireless communication functions.  FIG. 8  is an illustrative example of an electronic apparatus. In the illustrative example of  FIG. 8 , an electronic apparatus  800  include a main body  810 , a wearable article  820  and a wireless communication module  830 . The main body  810  includes components such as display panels and a processor, while the wearable article  820  is provided for a user to wear the electronic apparatus  800  on his head. After the user wears the electronic apparatus  800  on his head, the display panels in the main body  810  will be at front of the user&#39;s eyes and display an image corresponding to the computation of the processor. The wearable article  820  may be elastic, and/or the length of the wearable article  820  is adjustable. In some embodiments, the wearable article  820  may be removed from the main body  810 . The wireless communication module  830  has an antenna structure and can be mounted on the wearable article  820 , and can be connected to the main body  810  through a transmission line  812  for providing wireless communication functions for the main body  810 . That is, the main body  810  can perform data transmission and reception with an entity having wireless communication functions through the wireless communication module  830 . In another embodiment, the wireless communication module  830  may be communicatively connected with the main body  810  in a wireless manner. 
       FIG. 9  is an implementation of the antenna structure of the wireless communication module  830  in  FIG. 8 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , an antenna structure  900  includes a substrate  910 , radiator sets  920 ,  930  and a phased array radiator  940 . The radiator sets  920 ,  930  are disposed in a peripheral area  910 B of the substrate  910  and respectively at two opposite side edges of the substrate  910 , so as to generate side omnidirectional dual-polarized beams on the side surfaces of the substrate  910 . The radiator set  920  is formed of alternately arranged and connected radiator units  920 A,  920 B, and the radiator set  930  is formed of alternately arranged and connected radiator units  930 A,  930 B. Each three-dimensional pattern of the radiator units  920 ,  930  may be the same as the three-dimensional pattern of the radiator set  400  shown in  FIG. 4 . That is, each of the radiator units  920 A,  930 A may be the radiator unit  400 A shown in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B , and each of the radiator units  920 B,  930 B may be the radiator unit  400 B shown in  FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B . The phased array radiator  940  is disposed in a center area  910 A of the substrate  910  and may be on the top surface of the substrate  910 , so as to generate multi-beam arrays with angles with respect to the planar direction of the substrate  910 . 
     In the illustration, the radiator sets  920 ,  930  in the substrate  910  are point-symmetric with respect to each other, i.e., the 180-degree rotation of the three-dimensional pattern of the radiator set  920  in the horizontal direction of the substrate  910  is the same as the three-dimensional pattern of the radiator set  930 . In another illustration, the radiator sets  920 ,  930  in the substrate  910  may be line-symmetric with respect to each other, i.e., the three-dimensional pattern of the radiator set  920  is a mirror of the three-dimensional pattern of the radiator set  930 . 
       FIG. 10  is another implementation of the antenna structure of the wireless communication module  830  in  FIG. 8 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , an antenna structure  1000  includes a substrate  1010 , radiator sets  1020 ,  1030  and a phased array radiator  1040 . The radiator sets  1020 ,  1030  are disposed in a peripheral area  1010 B of the substrate  1010  and respectively at two opposite side edges of the substrate  1010 , so as to generate side omnidirectional dual-polarized beams on the side surfaces of the substrate  1010 . The radiator set  1020  is formed of connectively arranged radiator units  1020 A, and the radiator set  1030  is formed of connectively arranged radiator units  1030 A. Each three-dimensional pattern of the radiator sets  1020 ,  1030  may be the same as the three-dimensional pattern of the radiator set  700  shown in  FIG. 7 . That is, each of the radiator units  1020 A,  1030 A may be the radiator unit  400 A shown in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B . The phased array radiator  1040  is disposed in the center area  1010 A of the substrate  1010  and on the top surface of the substrate  1010 , so as to generate multi-beam arrays with angles with respect to the planar direction of the substrate  1010 . 
     In another example, the radiator sets  1020 ,  1030  may have different three-dimensional patterns. For example, each radiator unit  1020 A may be the radiator unit  400 A shown in  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B , while each radiator unit  1030 A may be the radiator unit  400 B shown in  FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B . 
       FIG. 11  is another illustrative example of an electronic apparatus. In the illustrative example of  FIG. 11 , an electronic apparatus  1100  includes a main body  1110  and a wearable article  1120 . The main body  1110  is similar to the main body  810  of the electronic apparatus  800 , and therefore the description thereof can be referred to the foregoing paragraphs and is not repeated herein. the wearable article  1120  may also be elastic, and/or the length of the wearable article  1120  is adjustable. In some embodiments, the wearable article  1120  may also be removed from the main body  1110 . An antenna structure  1122  is further disposed at the top of the wearable article  1120 , and can be connected to the main body  1110  through a transmission line  1112  and another component (not shown) for providing wireless communication functions for the main body  1110 . That is, the main body  1110  can perform data transmission and reception with an entity having wireless communication functions through the antenna structure  1122 . For artistic demands of the electronic apparatus  1100 , the antenna structure  1122  may be enclosed by the wearable article  1120 . 
       FIG. 12  is a simplified top view of an antenna structure  1200  in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the antenna structure  1200  includes a substrate  1210 , a radiator set  1220  and a phased array radiator  1230 . The radiator set  1220  is disposed in a peripheral area  1210 B of the substrate  1210  and surrounding a center area  1210 A the substrate  1210 , while the phased array radiator  1230  is disposed in the center area  1210 A of the substrate  1210 . The radiator set  1220  is formed of alternately and connectively arranged radiator units  1220 A,  1220 B. The radiator set  1220  has four branches respectively at four side edges of the substrate  1210 , so as to generate side omnidirectional dual-polarized beams on the side surfaces of the substrate  1210 . The three-dimensional pattern of each branch of the radiator set  1220  may be the same as the pattern of the radiator set  400  shown in  FIG. 4 . In the planar arrangement, the reflective structures in the radiator units  1220 A,  1220 B are connected with other to form a single reflective structure, and in this reflective structure, the second portions (corresponding to the second portion  524  shown in  FIG. 5B  and the second portion  624  shown in  FIG. 6B ) at the same side of the substrate  1210  are connected with each other to form a single second portion, and each first portion (corresponding to the first portion  522  shown in  FIG. 5A  and the first portion  622  shown in  FIG. 6A ) extends from the second portion connected thereto toward the nearest side edge of the substrate  1210 . The phased array radiator  1230  may be on the top surface of the substrate  1210 , so as to generate multi-beam arrays with angles with respect to the planar direction of the substrate  1210 . 
       FIG. 13  is a simplified top view of an antenna structure  1300  in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 13 , the antenna structure  1300  includes a substrate  1310 , a radiator set  1320  and a phased array radiator  1330 . The radiator set  1320  is disposed in a peripheral area  1310 B of the substrate  1310  and surrounding the center area  1310 A of the substrate  1310 , while the phased array radiator  1330  is disposed in a center area  1310 A of the substrate  1310 . In comparison with the antenna structure  1200  in  FIG. 12 , in the antenna structure  1300  in  FIG. 13 , the radiator set  1320  is formed of connectively arranged radiator units  1320 A. Similarly, the radiator set  1320  has four branches respectively at four side edges of the substrate  1310 , so as to generate side omnidirectional dual-polarized beams on the side surfaces of the substrate  1310 , and the three-dimensional pattern of each branch of the radiator set  1320  may be the same as the pattern of the radiator set  700  shown in  FIG. 7 . In addition, the planar arrangement of the radiator set  1320  in the substrate  1310  may also be similar to that of the radiator set  1220  in the substrate  1210 . The other components in the antenna structure  1300  are respectively the same as the corresponding components of the antenna structure  1200  in  FIG. 12 , and therefore the related description can be referred to the foregoing paragraphs and is not repeated herein. 
     According to the antenna structures  1200 ,  1300  shown in  FIG. 12  and  FIG. 13 , in addition to generating normal beams on the top surfaces, the antenna structures  1200 ,  1300  also generate polarized beams with side omni-directional radiation patterns. 
     In some embodiments, the antenna structure  1122  in  FIG. 11  may be implemented as the antenna structure  1200  shown in  FIG. 12  or the antenna structure  1300  shown in  FIG. 13 , in which the antenna structure  1122  is horizontally disposed in the wearable article  1120 , and the phased array radiator is toward the above of the electronic apparatus  1100 . As such, when the electronic apparatus  1100  is worn on a user&#39;s head, the wireless communication between the electronic apparatus  1100  and another entity is not easily affected by the user&#39;s particular poses, so as to improve user experience. 
       FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B  are respectively simplified views of two opposite sides of an antenna structure  1400  in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B , the antenna structure  1400  includes a substrate  1410 , a radiator set  1420  and phased array radiators  1430 ,  1440 . The radiator set  1420  is disposed in a peripheral area  1410 B of the substrate  1410  and is formed of alternately arranged and connected radiator units  1420 A,  1420 B, while the phased array radiators  1430 ,  1440  are all disposed in a center area  1410 A of the substrate  1410 . The radiator set  1420  has three branches respectively at three side faces of the substrate  1410 , so as to generate side omnidirectional dual-polarized beams on three side surfaces of the substrate  1410 . The three-dimensional pattern of each branch of the radiator set  1420  may be the same as the pattern of the radiator set  400  shown in  FIG. 4 . In the planar arrangement, the reflective structures in the radiator units  1420 A,  1420 B are connected with each other to form a single reflective structure, an in this reflective structure, the second portions (corresponding to the second portion  524  shown in  FIG. 5B  and the second portion  624  shown in  FIG. 6B ) at the same side edge of the substrate  1410  are connected with each other to form a single second portion, and each first portion (corresponding to the first portion  522  shown in  FIG. 5A  and the first portion  622  shown in  FIG. 6A ) extends from the second portion connected thereto toward the nearest side edge of the substrate  1410 . The phased array radiators  1430 ,  1440  are respectively on the two relative principal surfaces of the substrate  1410 , so as to generate multi-beam arrays with angles with respect to the planar direction of the substrate  1410  at the relative two sides of the substrate  1410 . 
       FIG. 15A  and  FIG. 15B  are respectively simplified views of two opposite sides of an antenna structure  1500  in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 15A  and  FIG. 15B , the antenna structure  1500  includes a substrate  1510 , a radiator set  1520  and phased array radiators  1530 ,  1540 . The radiator set  1520  is disposed in a peripheral area  1510 B of the substrate  1510 , while the phased array radiators  1530 ,  1540  are all disposed in a center area  1510 A of the substrate  1510 . In comparison with the antenna structure  1400  in  FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B , in the antenna structure  1500  in  FIG. 15A  and  FIG. 15B , the radiator set  1520  is formed of connectively arranged radiator units  1520 A. Similarly, the radiator set  1520  has three branches respectively at three side edge of the substrate  1510 , so as to generate side omnidirectional dual-polarized beams on three side surfaces of the substrate  1510 , and the three-dimensional pattern of each branch of the radiator set  1520  may be the same as the pattern of the radiator set  700  shown in  FIG. 7 . In addition, the planar arrangement of the radiator set  1520  in the substrate  1510  may also be similar to that of the radiator set  1420  in the substrate  1410 . The other components in the antenna structure  1500  are respectively the same as the corresponding components in the antenna structure  1400  of  FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B , and therefore the related description can be referred to the foregoing paragraphs and is not repeated herein. 
     According to the antenna structures  1400 ,  1500  shown in  FIG. 14A  to  FIG. 15B , in addition to generating normal beams on the two relative principal surfaces, the antenna structure  1400 ,  1500  also generate dual-polarized beams on their side surfaces with a radiation pattern covering range over 270 degree. As such, the antenna structures  1400 ,  1500  have quasi omni-directional coverages. 
     In some embodiments, the antenna structure  1122  in  FIG. 11  may be implemented as the antenna structure  1400  shown in  FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B  or the antenna structure  1500  shown in  FIG. 15A  and  FIG. 15B , in which the antenna structure  1122  is vertically disposed in the wearable article  1120 , the phased array radiators are respectively toward the left and right sides of the electronic apparatus  1100 , and the side edge without an radiator unit is toward the lower side of the electronic apparatus  1100 . As such, when the electronic apparatus  1100  is mounted on a user&#39;s head, the wireless communication between the electronic apparatus  1100  and another entity is not easily affected by the user&#39;s particular poses, so as to improve user experience. 
     Although the invention is described above by means of the implementation manners, the above description is not intended to limit the invention. A person of ordinary skill in the art can make various variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and therefore, the protection scope of the invention is as defined in the appended claims.