Patent Publication Number: US-PP34405-P2

Title: Peach tree named ‘Pearl Princess VII’

Description:
Botanical classification:  Prunus persica.    
     Variety denomination: ‘PEARL PRINCESS VII’. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE VARIETY 
     In a continuing effort to improve the quality of shipping fruits, we, the inventors, typically hybridize a large number of peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, and cherry seedlings each year. We also grow a smaller number of open pollinated seeds of each of these fruits, usually to capture recessive traits. The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of peach tree, which has been denominated varietally as ‘Pearl Princess VII’. 
     In 2010 we gathered early maturing fruit from several different trees that all had ‘May Princess’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 18,771) peach as a common parent. Their seeds were removed, cracked, stratified, germinated, and grown as seedlings on their own root in our greenhouse with the label ‘12G873 (P2)’. Upon reaching dormancy the seedlings were transplanted as a group to a cultivated area of our experimental orchard located near Le Grand, Calif., in Merced County (San Joaquin Valley). During the fruit evaluation season of 2015, we selected the present variety as a single tree from the group of seedlings described above. Subsequent to origination of the present variety of peach tree, we asexually reproduced it by budding and grafting in the experimental orchard described above, and such reproductions were true to the original tree in all respects. The reproduction of the variety included the use of ‘Nemaguard’ (unpatented) rootstock upon which the present variety was compatible and true to type. 
     The present variety is similar to its known grand parent, ‘May Princess’ peach (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 18,771), by being self-fertile, by having a genetically large flower, by blooming in the early season, by requiring about 350 hours of chilling, by having reniform leaf glands and by producing fruit that is clingstone in type, mostly red in skin color, firm in texture, oblate in shape, and medium in size, but is quite distinguished therefrom by producing peaches that are white instead of yellow in flesh color, that are sub-acidic instead of acidic in flavor, and that ripen about eight days earlier. 
     The present variety is most similar to ‘Ivory Duchess’ peach tree (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 17,282), by having a medium size tree, by blooming in the early season, by having large blossoms, by being self-fertile, and by producing white flesh peaches that are clingstone in type, mostly red in skin color, firm in texture, and sub-acidic in flavor, but is distinguished therefrom by producing peaches that are oblate instead of globose in shape, that are somewhat smaller in size, that are sweeter, and that mature about thirty days earlier. 
     SUMMARY OF VARIETY 
     In summary, the present peach variety is characterized by a medium size, vigorous, hardy, self-fertile, productive and regular bearing tree. The variety blooms during the early season and requires about 350 chilling hours. The fruit matures under the ecological conditions described in early May, with first picking on May 6, 2021. The fruit is uniform, medium in size, oblate in shape, clingstone in type, firm in texture, almost entirely red in skin color, white in flesh color, and sub-acidic in flavor. 
    
    
     
       DRAWING 
       The accompanying photograph consists of four whole fruits positioned to display the characteristics of the skin color and form, one divided fruit to reveal the flesh and stone, a tip shoot of new leaf growth, typical leaves, and three insets depicting the flower buds and blossoms as they appeared on the tree during the blooming season. 
     
    
    
     POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 
     Referring now more specifically to the pomological characteristics of this new and distinct variety of peach tree, the following has been observed under the ecological conditions prevailing near Le Grand, Merced County (San Joaquin Valley), Calif., and was developed at the state of firm ripe on May 10, 2021, on the original tree during its eleventh growing season. The blossom and flower descriptions were made the previous blooming season. All major color code designations are by reference to the Inter-Society Color Council, National Bureau of Standards. Common color names are also used occasionally. 
     PARENTAGE 
     
         
         Seed parent: Unnamed seedling of ‘May Princess’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 18,771) peach. 
         Pollen parent: Self-pollinated. 
       
    
     TREE 
     
         
         Size: Medium, reaching and maintaining a height of 10′ [3.05 m.] and a spread of 9′ [2.74 m.] after eleven growing seasons utilizing typical dormant pruning. 
         Vigor: Vigorous, responding typically to irrigation and fertilization. The variety grows about 2′ [0.61 m.] of surplus top-growth during the spring and summer. The plant should be grown on a standard commercial rootstock for production purposes. 
         Growth: Upright and moderately dense. 
         Form: Pruned to a vase shape. 
         Hardiness: Hardy with respect to central California winters. 
         Heat tolerance: Observed to perform adequately in typical central California climatic conditions, which typically include extended periods of heat. 
         Drought tolerance: Variety is developed for commercial orchards and requires regular irrigation. 
         Production: Productive, thinning necessary. 
         Fertility: Self-fertile. 
         Bearing: Regular bearer with no alternate bearing yet observed. 
         Approximate chilling requirement: 350 hours. 
         Leaf bud burst: Medium, during the middle of the flowering period. 
         Trunk:
             Size .—Medium, reaching a maximum diameter of 5¼″ [133 mm.] after the eleventh growing season.     Texture .—Shaggy, medium roughness.     Bark color .—A Light brownish gray [63. l.brGy] and Brownish gray [64. brGy] variegation with Dark grayish brown [62. d.gy.Br] crevices present.     Lenticels .—Approximate Number Per Square Inch: 8. Color: Light grayish brown [60. l.gy.Br]. Average Size: ¼″ [6.4 mm.] in length. The width is typically one fourth as much as the length. Shape: Elongated.       
     
         Branches:
             Size .—Medium to slender, diameter of main scaffold is 2¾″ [69.9 mm.] measured 12″ above the crotch, diameter of the limb is 1¾″ [44.5 mm.] measured 12″ above the first fork.     Texture .—Smooth to medium on first and second year wood, increasing in roughness with age.     Color.— 1st Year Wood Topside: Grayish red [19. gy.R]. 1st Year Wood Underside: Brilliant yellow green [116. brill.YG]. Older Wood: A Light grayish brown [60. l.gy.Br] and Light grayish yellowish brown [79. l.gy.yBr] variegation with Moderate yellowish brown [77. m.yBr] crevices present.     Lenticels .—Number Per Square Inch: About 25 on second year wood. Color: Strong yellowish brown [74. s.yBr]. Average Size: Small, 1/16″ [1.6 mm.] in length. The width is typically one fourth as much as the length. Shape: Elongated.       
     
         Leaves:
             Size .—Medium. Average Length: 5½″ [139.7 mm.]. Average Width: 1⅝″ [41.3 mm.].     Arrangement .—Alternate.     Thickness .—Medium.     Form .—Elliptical.     Apex .—Acuminate.     Base .—Mostly acute with an average base angle of 65 degrees.     Surface .—Smooth on both sides.     Color .—Dorsal Surface: Moderate olive green [125. m.OlG]. Ventral Surface: Moderate yellow green [120. m.YG].     Red midvein .—Absent.     Margin .—Finely serrate.     Venation .—Pinnately net veined.     Vein color .—Light yellow green [119. l.YG].     Petiole .—Average Length: 7/16″ [11.1 mm.]. Average Thickness: 1/16″ [1.6 mm.]. Color: Moderate yellow green [120. m.YG].     Stipules .—Number: Typically two per leaf, up to six per growing tip. Average Length: ¼″ [6.4 mm.]. Color: Vivid yellow green [115. v.YG] becoming Moderate brown [58. m.Br] with maturity.     Glands .—Number: 2 to 4 per leaf. Position: Mostly alternate, positioned on the petiole near the base of blade. Form: Reniform. Size: Medium, about 1/32″ [0.8 mm.] in length.     Leaf buds .—Pointed.       
     
         Flower buds:
             Hardiness .—Hardy, with respect to central California blooming season.     Diameter .—Typically ⅜″ [9.5 mm.] 1 week before bloom.     Length .—Typically ⅝″ [15.9 mm.] 1 week before bloom.     Form .—Not appressed.     Surface .—Pubescent.     Tip color .—Brilliant purplish pink [246. brill.pPk].       
     
         Flowers: Perfect, complete, perigynous, usually a single pistil, about thirty stamens, five sepal and petal locations alternately positioned.
             Type .—Showy, large.     Average flower diameter.— 1⅝″ [41.3 mm.].     Average flower depth.— ⅜″ [9.5 mm.] when fully open.     Number of petals .—Five, extra petal fragments rarely observed, double blossoms not observed.     Petal arrangement .—Overlapping.     Petal shape .—Circular to oval.     Petal margin .—Entire, slightly wavy.     Average petal diameter.—  11/16″ [17.5 mm.].     Average petal length.— ¾″ [19.1 mm.].     Petal apex .—Rounded.     Petal base .—Rounded.     Petal color .—Pale pink [7. p.Pk] toward the apex and Light pink [4. l.Pk] toward the base on both sides.     Anthocyanin coloration intensity .—Weak.     Anther color .—Vivid reddish orange [34. v.rO] surrounding a Brilliant yellow [83. brill.Y] center at bloom onset.     Pollen .—Anthers produce an abundance of Brilliant yellow [83. brill.Y] pollen.     Stigma color .—Light greenish yellow [101. l.gY].     Stigma position .—Typically located slightly above the nearby anthers.     Stamen position .—Typically located about 1/16″ [1.6 mm] below the petals.     Average pistil length.—  11/16″ [17.5 mm.].     Average stamen length.—  9/16″ [14.3 mm.].     Ovary .—Pubescent.     Sepal color .—Grayish purplish red [262. gy.pR] on the outer surface. The inner surface is a somewhat translucent Pinkish white [9. pkWhite] with both Grayish purplish red [262. gy.pR] and Vivid yellow green [115. v.YG] areas visible.     Sepal length.—  5/16″ [7.9 mm.].     Sepal width.—  5/16″ [7.9 mm.].     Sepal apex .—Rounded to elliptical to match the sepal length and width.     Sepal margin .—Fairly smooth.     Sepal outer surface .—Very pubescent.     Fragrance .—Moderate in degree with a slight hint of rose.     Blooming period .—Early, blooms about three days before ‘May Princess’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 18,771) peach.     Onset of bloom .—One percent on Feb. 9, 2021.     Date of full bloom .—Feb. 20, 2021.     Duration of bloom .—One to two weeks, dependent on ambient temperature.     Bloom density .—Medium to heavy.     Number per cluster.— 1 to 3 with single flowers most common.       
     
       
    
     FRUIT 
     
         
         Maturity when described: Firm ripe, May 10, 2021. 
         Date of first picking: May 6, 2021. 
         Date of last picking: May 15, 2021. 
         Size: Uniform, medium.
             Average diameter axially.— 2⅜″ [60.3 mm.].     Average diameter across suture plane.— 2¾″ [69.9 mm.].     Average diameter across cheek plane.— 2¾″ [69.9 mm.].     Typical weight.— 6.4 ounces [182 grams].       
     
         Form: Uniform, oblate, symmetrical.
             Longitudinal section form .—Oblate.     Axial view .—Round.       
     
         Suture: Extends from the stem cavity, along the sides, and ends about ½″ [12.7 mm.] beyond the pistil point.
             Near the base .—A shallow groove.     Along the side .—An extremely shallow trough.     Near the apex .—A shallow groove.       
     
         Ventral surface: Rounded. 
         Lips: Lightly lipped, mostly toward the apex, equal. 
         Cavity: Flaring, Pale yellow [89. p.Y] stem markings typical.
             Depth.—  7/16″ [11.1 mm.].     Breadth.— 1¼″ [31.8 mm.].       
     
         Base: Truncate, cordate if viewed parallel to the suture. 
         Apex: Rounded to truncate, slightly cordate if viewed parallel to the suture. 
         Pistil point: An apical Grayish yellowish pink [32. gy.yPk] dot, negligible length. 
         Stem: Medium.
             Average length.— ⅜″ [9.5 mm.].     Average width.—  3/16″ [4.8 mm.].       
     
         Skin:
             Thickness .—Medium.     Surface .—Pubescent.     Density of the pubescence .—Medium to light.     Down .—Very short, does not roll up when rubbed.     Tenacity .—Tenacious to flesh.     Astringency .—Non-astringent.     Tendency to crack .—None observed.     Color .—Very deep purplish red [257. v.deep pR] mottled over a Moderate red [15. m.R] background. The primary color covers about seventy-five percent of the total skin area, and the background color covers about twenty-five percent.       
     
         Flesh:
             Color .—Yellowish white [92. yWhite] with very minor Light pink [4. l.Pk] bleeding toward the skin and stone.     Surface of pit cavity .—Covered with Yellowish white [92. yWhite] fibers when twisted from the stone.     Amygdalin .—Scarce.     Juice .—Abundant.     Texture .—Very firm.     Fibers .—Few and fine.     Ripens .—Fairly even, slightly earlier toward the apex.     Flavor .—Sweet and sub-acidic, typically 16 brix.     Aroma .—Wanting.     Eating quality .—Very good.       
     
       
    
     STONE 
     
         
         Type: Clingstone. 
         Size: Small. 
         Form: Oval. 
         Hilum: Narrow. 
         Base: Rounded. 
         Apex: Rounded with a protruding tip. 
         Sides: Fairly equal. 
         Tip: Sharp, typically 1/16″ [1.6 mm.] in length. 
         Surface: Irregularly furrowed near the apex, pitted toward the base. 
         Ridges: Jagged. 
         External color: Light yellowish brown [76. l.yBr]. 
         Pit wall color when cracked: Pale orange yellow [73. p.OY]. 
         Cavity surface color: Dark orange yellow [72. d.OY]. 
         Average pit wall thickness: ¼″ [6.4 mm.]. 
         Average length: 1 5/16″ [33.3 mm.]. 
         Average width: 1″ [25.4 mm.]. 
         Average breadth: ¾″ [19.1 mm.]. 
         Tendency to split: None observed. 
         Kernel:
             Form .—Oval.     Skin color .—Pale yellow [89. p.Y] when first removed.     Pellicle color .—Strong brown [55. s.Br].     Vein color .—Moderate yellow [87. m.Y].     Taste .—Bitter.     Viable .—Yes.     Average length.— ⅝″ [15.9 mm.].     Average width.— ½″ [12.7 mm.].     Amygdalin .—Moderate.       
     
       
    
     USE 
     
         
         Market: Fresh market and long distance shipping. 
         Keeping quality: Good, fruit quality observed to remain in good condition after 17 days in standard cold room at 36° Fahrenheit [2° Celsius]. 
         Shipping quality: Good. 
         Resistance to insects: Not tested. 
         Resistance to diseases: Not tested. 
       
    
     OTHER NOTES 
     Although the new variety of peach tree possesses the described characteristics under the ecological conditions at Le Grand, Calif., in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley, it is to be expected that variations in these characteristics may occur when farmed in areas with different climatic conditions, different soil types, and/or varying cultural practices.