Patent Publication Number: US-2019183342-A1

Title: Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method of generating magnetic resonance image

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/824,519 filed Aug. 12, 2015, which claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0106233, filed Aug. 14, 2014, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to magnetic resonance imaging. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus captures an image of an object by using a magnetic field and may provide a three-dimensional (3D) view of a disc, a joint, a nerve, a ligand, etc., as well as a bone at a desired angle. MRI systems may acquire two-dimensional (2D) images or three-dimensional (3D) volume images that are oriented toward an optional point. Also, MRI systems may acquire images having high soft tissue contrast, and may acquire neurological images, intravascular images, musculoskeletal images, and oncologic images that are needed to capture abnormal tissues. 
     An MR image is obtained by acquiring a sectional image of a region of an object by expressing, in a contrast comparison, a strength of an MR signal generated in a magnetic field having a specific strength. The MR signal denotes an RF signal emitted from the object. For example, if an RF signal that only resonates a specific atomic nucleus (for example, a hydrogen atomic nucleus) is emitted toward the object placed in a magnetic field and then such emission stops, an MR signal is emitted from the specific atomic nucleus, and thus the MRI system may receive the MR signal and acquire an MR image. An intensity of the MR signal may be determined according to a density of a predetermined atom (for example, hydrogen) of the object, a relaxation time T 1 , a relaxation time T 2 , and a flow of blood or the like. 
     A user, for example, an operator or a radiologist, who uses the MRI apparatus may obtain the image by using the MRI apparatus. 
     Since the user of the MRI apparatus repeatedly manipulates the MRI apparatus, there is a need for the MRI apparatuses which are easy and convenient to use. 
     SUMMARY 
     One or more exemplary embodiments include an MRI apparatus that may be easily manipulated by an operator. 
     One or more exemplary embodiments include a method of generating an MR image which may enable an operator to relatively easily plan an imaging procedure. 
     According to one or more exemplary embodiments, an MRI apparatus includes: an image processor that generates a real-time image and a scout image by using a magnetic resonance (MR) signal that is received from an object; a display that displays slices, which respectively correspond to parts of the object, on the scout image; and an input interface that receives a first user input corresponding to at least one of the real-time image and the scout image, wherein the image processor updates the real-time image based on the first user input, and the display displays the updated real-time image. 
     For example, the display may display the slices such that a slice that is selected by the first user input is distinguished from non-selected slices. 
     For example, the display may display the slices on the scout image such that at least one among the slices is distinguished from other slices. 
     For example, the first user input may be a user input for adjusting at least one of positions, sizes, directions, and luminosities of the slices in the scout image. 
     For example, the scout image may include object images of a coil, a shim volume, and a saturator, wherein the display performs display so that an object image for a second user input is distinguished from other object images. 
     For example, the display may perform display by making a mark corresponding to an artifact on the scout image. 
     For example, when a specific absorption rate (SAR) or a peripheral nervous stimulus (PNS) that is measured when the real-time image is updated exceeds a reference value, the display may perform display by making a mark corresponding to the exceeding of the reference value on the scout image. 
     For example, the scout image may include a sagittal view image, a coronal view image, and an axial view image, wherein at least one of an arrangement and sizes of the sagittal view image, the coronal view image, and the axial view image is determined by the first user input. 
     For example, the scout image may include position information of a table that supports the object in the MRI apparatus. 
     For example, the image processor may adjust a brightness of a portion of the real-time image or the scout image to correspond to the first user input. 
     According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a method of generating an MR image includes: generating a real-time image and a scout image by using an MR signal that is received from an object; displaying slices, which respectively correspond to parts of the object, to correspond to the scout image; receiving a first user input corresponding to at least one of the real-time image and the scout image; updating the real-time image based on the first user input; and displaying the updated real-time image. 
     For example, the first user input may be an input for selecting at least one among the slices that are displayed to correspond to the scout image. 
     For example, a slice that is selected by the first user input may be displayed to be distinguished from non-selected slices. 
     For example, the displaying of the slices, which respectively correspond to the parts of the object, to correspond to the scout image may include displaying the slices so that at least one of the slices is distinguished from other slices. 
     For example, the displaying of the slices, which respectively correspond to the parts of the object, to correspond to the scout image may include displaying the slices so that at least one of lines for separating the slices is distinguished from other lines. 
     For example, a transparency, a color, and a shape of the at least one of the lines for separating the slices may be displayed to be different from those of the other lines. 
     For example, the first user input may be a user input for adjusting at least one of positions, sizes, directions, and luminosities of the slices in the scout image. 
     For example, the scout image may include object images of a coil, a shim volume, and a saturator, wherein when a second user input for one of the object images is received, the object image for the second user input is displayed to be distinguished from other object images. 
     For example, the second user input may be received through a shortcut key that is preset. 
     For example, the updating of the real-time image may include: obtaining the real-time image of a first slice; and displaying a portion of the scout image corresponding to the first slice to be distinguished from portions of the scout image corresponding to other slices. 
     For example, the first slice may be selected by the first user input. 
     For example, the displaying of the updated real-time image may include, when an artifact is detected in the updated real-time image, displaying the updated real-time image by making a mark corresponding to the artifact on the scout image. 
     For example, the displaying of the updated real-time image may include, when a specific absorption rate (SAR) or a peripheral nervous stimulus (PNS) that is measured when the real-time image is updated exceeds a reference value, displaying the updated real-time image by making a mark corresponding to the exceeding of the reference value on the scout image. 
     For example, the scout image may include a sagittal view image, a coronal view image, and an axial view image, and at least one of an arrangement and sizes of the sagittal view image, the coronal view image, and the axial view image is determined by the first user input. 
     For example, the scout image may include position information of a table that supports the object in an MRI apparatus. 
     For example, the updating of the real-time image may include adjusting a brightness of a portion of the real-time image or the scout image to correspond to the first user input. 
     According to one or more exemplary embodiments, an MRI apparatus includes: a display that displays a scout image including an image of slices corresponding to physical locations in an object and a real-time image corresponding to one of the slices; an input interface that receives a first user input which is a selection input for the one of the slices displayed on the scout image; and an image processor that updates the real-time image based on the first user input, and control the display to display the updated real-time image of the one of the slices. 
     For example, the display may display the slices on the scout image such that the one of the slices that is selected by the first user input is distinguished from non-selected slices. 
     For example, at least one of a position, a direction, a size, and a luminosity of the one of the slices in the scout image may be changed in response to receiving the first user input, and the image processor may update the real-time image based on a change in at least one of the position, the direction, the size, and the luminosity of the one of the slices. 
     For example, the scout image includes a sagittal view image, a coronal view image, and an axial view image which are displayed in a first arrangement, the input interface may receive a second user input with respect to the scout image, and the first arrangement may be changed by the second user input so that the sagittal view image, the coronal view image, and the axial view image are displayed in a second arrangement in which at least one of a positon and a size of at least one of the sagittal view image, the coronal view image, and the axial view image is changed as compared to the first arrangement. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and/or other aspects will become more apparent by describing certain exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an MRI system; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an MRI apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a view illustrating a real-time image and a scout image according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a view illustrating a real-time image and scout images according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a view illustrating a scout image according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a view illustrating scout images according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a view illustrating a real-time image and a scout image according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIGS. 13A and 13B  are views for explaining an operation of changing an arrangement of scout images, according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is a flowchart for explaining an operation of changing an arrangement of scout images, according to an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIGS. 15A and 15B  are views for explaining a method performed by an input interface, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Certain exemplary embodiments are described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     In the following description, like drawing reference numerals are used for like elements, even in different drawings. The matters defined in the description, such as detailed construction and elements, are provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of the exemplary embodiments. However, it is apparent that the exemplary embodiments may be practiced without those specifically defined matters. Also, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the description with unnecessary detail. 
     As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
     When a part “includes” or “comprises” an element, unless there is a particular description contrary thereto, the part can further include other elements, not excluding the other elements. Also, the term “unit” in the exemplary embodiments means a software component or hardware component such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and performs a specific function. However, the term “unit” is not limited to software or hardware. The “unit” may be formed to be in an addressable storage medium, or may be formed to operate one or more processors. Thus, for example, the term “unit” may refer to components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, and may include processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, micro codes, circuits, data, a database, data structures, tables, arrays, or variables. A function provided by the components and “units” may be associated with the smaller number of components and “units”, or may be divided into additional components and “units”. 
     Throughout the specification, an “image” may denote multi-dimensional data composed of discrete image elements (for example, pixels in a two-dimensional image and voxels in a three-dimensional image). For example, the image may be a medical image of an object captured by an X-ray apparatus, a computed tomography (CT) apparatus, an MRI apparatus, an ultrasound apparatus, or another medical imaging apparatus. 
     Furthermore, in the present specification, an “object” may be a human, an animal, or a part of a human or animal. For example, the object may be an organ (e.g., the liver, the heart, the womb, the brain, a breast, or the abdomen), a blood vessel, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the “object” may be a phantom. The phantom means a material having a density, an effective atomic number, and a volume that are approximately the same as those of an organism. For example, the phantom may be a spherical phantom having properties similar to the human body. 
     Furthermore, in the present specification, a “user” may be, but is not limited to, a medical expert, such as a medical doctor, a nurse, a medical laboratory technologist, a medical imaging expert, or a technician who repairs a medical apparatus. 
     Furthermore, in the present specification, an MR image is an image of an object obtained by using the nuclear magnetic resonance principle. 
     Furthermore, in the present specification, a “pulse sequence” refers to continuity of signals repeatedly applied by an MRI apparatus. The pulse sequence may include a time parameter of a radio frequency (RF) pulse, for example, repetition time (TR) or echo time (TE). 
     Furthermore, in the present specification, a “pulse sequence schematic diagram” shows an order of events that occur in an MRI apparatus. For example, the pulse sequence schematic diagram may be a diagram showing an RF pulse, a gradient magnetic field, an MR signal, or the like according to time. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an MRI apparatus  12 . Referring to  FIG. 1 , the MRI apparatus may include a gantry  20 , a signal transceiver  30 , a monitor  40 , a system controller  50 , and an operating unit  60 . 
     The gantry  20  includes a main magnet  22 , a gradient coil  24 , and an RF coil  26 . A magnetostatic field and a gradient magnetic field are formed in a bore in the gantry  20 , and an RF signal is emitted toward an object  10 . 
     The main magnet  22 , the gradient coil  24 , and the RF coil  26  may be arranged in a predetermined direction of the gantry  20 . The predetermined direction may be a coaxial cylinder direction. The object  10  may be disposed on a table  28  that is capable of being inserted into a cylinder along a horizontal axis of the bore. 
     The main magnet  22  generates a magnetostatic field for aligning magnetic dipole moments of atomic nuclei of the object  10  in a constant direction. An accurate MR image of the object  10  may be obtained due to a strong uniform magnetic field generated by the main magnet  22 . 
     The gradient coil  24  includes X, Y, and Z coils for generating gradients in X-, Y-, and Z-axis orthogonal directions. The gradient coil  24  may provide position information of each region of the object  10  by differently inducing resonant frequencies according to the regions of the object  10 . 
     The RF coil  26  may emit an RF signal toward an object and receive an MR signal emitted from the object. In detail, the RF coil  26  may transmit, toward atomic nuclei included in the object and having precessional motion, an RF signal having the same frequency as that of the precessional motion, stop transmitting the RF signal, and then receive an MR signal emitted from the atomic nuclei included in the object. 
     For example, in order to transit an atomic nucleus from a low energy state to a high energy state, the RF coil  26  may generate and apply an electromagnetic wave signal that is an RF signal corresponding to a type of the atomic nucleus, to the object  10 . When the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the RF coil  26  is applied to the atomic nucleus, the atomic nucleus may transit from the low energy state to the high energy state. Then, when electromagnetic waves generated by the RF coil  26  disappear, the atomic nucleus to which the electromagnetic waves were applied transits from the high energy state to the low energy state, thereby emitting electromagnetic waves having a Larmor frequency. In other words, when the applying of the electromagnetic wave signal to the atomic nucleus is stopped, an energy level of the atomic nucleus is changed from a high energy level to a low energy level, and thus the atomic nucleus may emit electromagnetic waves having a Larmor frequency. The RF coil  26  may receive electromagnetic wave signals from atomic nuclei included in the object  10 . 
     The RF coil  26  may be a single RF transmit and receive coil having both a function of generating electromagnetic waves each having an RF that corresponds to a type of an atomic nucleus and a function of receiving electromagnetic waves emitted from an atomic nucleus. Alternatively, the RF coil  26  may include a separate transmit RF coil having a function of generating electromagnetic waves each having an RF that corresponds to a type of an atomic nucleus, and a separate receive RF coil having a function of receiving electromagnetic waves emitted from an atomic nucleus. 
     The RF coil  26  may be fixed to the gantry  20  or may be detachable. When the RF coil  26  is detachable, the RF coil  26  may include one or more coils for a part of the object, such as a head coil, a chest coil, a leg coil, a neck coil, a shoulder coil, a wrist coil, an ankle coil, etc. 
     The RF coil  26  may communicate with an external apparatus via wires and/or wireles sly, and may also perform dual tune communication according to a communication frequency band. 
     The RF coil  26  may be an RF coil having various numbers of channels, such as  16  channels,  32  channels,  72  channels, and  144  channels. 
     The gantry  20  may include a display  29  disposed outside the gantry  20  and a display (not shown) disposed inside the gantry  20 . The gantry  20  may provide predetermined information to the user or the object  10  through the display  29  and/or the display disposed inside the gantry  20 . 
     The signal transceiver  30  may control the gradient magnetic field formed inside the gantry  20 , i.e., in the bore, according to a predetermined MR sequence, and control transmission and reception of an RF signal and an MR signal. 
     The signal transceiver  30  may include a gradient amplifier  32 , a transmission and reception switch  34 , an RF transmitter  36 , and an RF receiver  38 . 
     The gradient amplifier  32  drives the gradient coil  24  included in the gantry  20 , and may supply a pulse signal for generating a gradient to the gradient coil  24  under the control of a gradient controller  54 . By controlling the pulse signal supplied from the gradient amplifier  32  to the gradient coil  24 , gradients in X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions may be synthesized. 
     The RF transmitter  36  and the RF receiver  38  may drive the RF coil  26 . The RF transmitter  36  may supply an RF pulse in a Larmor frequency to the RF coil  26 , and the RF receiver  38  may receive an MR signal received by the RF coil  26 . 
     The transmission and reception switch  34  may adjust transmitting and receiving directions of the RF signal and the MR signal. For example, the transmission and reception switch  34  may emit the RF signal toward the object  10  through the RF coil  26  during a transmission mode, and receive the MR signal from the object  10  through the RF coil  26  during a reception mode. The transmission and reception switch  34  may be controlled by a control signal output by an RF controller  56 . 
     The monitor  40  may monitor or control the gantry  20  or devices mounted on the gantry  20 . The monitor  40  may include a system monitor  42 , an object monitor  44 , a table controller  46 , and a display controller  48 . 
     The system monitor  42  may monitor and control a state of the magnetostatic field, a state of the gradient magnetic field, a state of the RF signal, a state of the RF coil  26 , a state of the table  28 , a state of a device measuring body information of the object  10 , a power supply state, a state of a thermal exchanger, and a state of a compressor. 
     The object monitor  44  monitors a state of the object  10 . In detail, the object monitor  44  may include a camera for observing a movement or position of the object  10 , a respiration measurer for measuring the respiration of the object  10 , an electrocardiogram (ECG) measurer for measuring the cardiac activity of the object  10 , or a temperature measurer for measuring a temperature of the object  10 . 
     The table controller  46  controls a movement of the table  28  where the object  10  is positioned. The table controller  46  may control the movement of the table  28  according to a sequence control of a sequence controller  52 . For example, during moving imaging of the object  10 , the table controller  46  may continuously or discontinuously move the table  28  according to the sequence control of the sequence controller  52 , and thus the object  10  may be imaged in a field of view (FOV) larger than that of the gantry  20 . 
     The display controller  48  controls the display  29  disposed outside the gantry  20  and the display disposed inside the gantry  20  to be on or off, and may control a screen image to be output on the display  29  and the display disposed inside the gantry  20 . Also, when a speaker is located inside or outside the gantry  20 , the display controller  48  may control the speaker to be on or off, or may control sound to be output via the speaker. 
     The system controller  50  may include the sequence controller  52  for controlling a sequence of signals transmitted to the gantry  20 , and a gantry controller  58  for controlling the gantry  20  and the devices mounted on the gantry  20 . 
     The sequence controller  52  may include the gradient controller  54  for controlling the gradient amplifier  32 , and the RF controller  56  for controlling the RF transmitter  36 , the RF receiver  38 , and the transmission and reception switch  34 . The sequence controller  52  may control the gradient amplifier  32 , the RF transmitter  36 , the RF receiver  38 , and the transmission and reception switch  34  according to a pulse sequence received from the operating unit  60 . The pulse sequence may include information to control the gradient amplifier  32 , the RF transmitter  36 , the RF receiver  38 , and the transmission and reception switch  34 . For example, the pulse sequence may include information about a strength, an application time, and application timing of a pulse signal applied to the gradient coil  24 . 
     The operating unit  60  may request the system controller  50  to transmit pulse sequence information while controlling an overall operation of the MRI apparatus. 
     The operating unit  60  may include an image processor  62  for receiving and processing the MR signal received by the RF receiver  38 , an output unit  64 , and an input unit  66 . 
     The image processor  62  may process the MR signal received from the RF receiver  38  to generate MR image data of the object  10 . 
     The image processor  62  receives the MR signal received by the RF receiver  38  and performs any one of various signal processes, such as amplification, frequency transformation, phase detection, low frequency amplification, and filtering, on the received MR signal. 
     The image processor  62  may arrange digital data in a k space of a memory, and rearrange the digital data into image data via  2 D or 3D Fourier transformation. 
     The image processor  62  may perform a composition process or a difference calculation process on the image data. The composition process may include an addition process on a pixel or a maximum intensity projection (MIP) process. The image processor  62  may store the rearranged image data and the image data on which a composition process or a difference calculation process is performed, in a memory (not shown) or an external server. 
     The image processor  62  may perform any of the signal processing on the MR signal in parallel. For example, the image processor  62  may perform a signal processing on a plurality of MR signals received by a multi-channel RF coil in parallel to rearrange the plurality of MR signals into image data. 
     The output unit  64  may output image data generated or rearranged by the image processor  62  to the user. The output unit  64  may also output information required for the user to manipulate the MRI apparatus, such as a user interface (UI), user information, or object information. The output unit  64  may include at least one of a speaker, a printer, a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP) display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a field emission display (FED), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), a digital light processing (DLP) display, a flat panel display (FPD), a 3D display, a transparent display, or any one of other various output devices that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The user may input object information, parameter information, a scan condition, a pulse sequence, or information about image composition or difference calculation by using the input unit  66 . The input unit  66  may include at least one of a keyboard, a mouse, a track ball, a voice recognizer, a gesture recognizer, a touch screen, or any one of other various input devices that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Although the signal transceiver  30 , the monitor  40 , the system controller  50 , and the operating unit  60  are shown as separate components in  FIG. 1 , this is not limiting and respective functions of at least one of the signal transceiver  30 , the monitor  40 , the system controller  50 , and the operating unit  60  may be performed by one integrated component. For example, the image processor  62  may convert the MR signal received from the RF receiver  38  into a digital signal in  FIG. 1 , but alternatively, the conversion of the MR signal into the digital signal may be performed by the RF receiver  38  or the RF coil  26 . 
     The gantry  20 , the RF coil  26 , the signal transceiver  30 , the monitor  40 , the system controller  50 , and the operating unit  60  may be connected to each other by wire or wirelessly, and when they are connected wirelessly, the MRI apparatus may further include an apparatus (not shown) for synchronizing clock signals therebetween. Communication between the gantry  20 , the RF coil  26 , the signal transceiver  30 , the monitor  40 , the system controller  50 , and the operating unit  60  may be performed by using a high-speed digital interface, such as low voltage differential signaling (LVDS), asynchronous serial communication, such as a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART), a low-delay network protocol, such as error synchronous serial communication or a controller area network (CAN), optical communication, or any of other various communication methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an MRI apparatus  100  according to an exemplary embodiment,  FIG. 3  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus  100  to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment, and  FIG. 4  is a view illustrating the real-time image  241  and the scout image  242  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     The MRI apparatus  100  may include an input interface  110 , a display  120 , and an image processor  130 . 
     The input interface  110 , the display  120 , and the image processor  130  may respectively correspond to the input unit  66 , the output unit  64 , and the image processor  62  of  FIG. 1  and, thus, the described above is applicable here. 
     The image processor  130  may generate an MR image of an object by processing an MR signal that is received from the object. 
     The image processor  130  according to an exemplary embodiment may generate at least one of a real-time image and a scout image by using the MR signal that is received from the object. For example, the real-time image may refer to an MR image that is generated when the MR signal is simultaneously received and processed, e.g., a real-time image  241  of  FIG. 4 . The real-time image  241  may refer to an MR image that is generated without delay when the MRI apparatus  100  receives an MR signal. 
     An operator may see the real-time image  241  and may determine whether the real-time image  241  is an image for the current MR signal. The real-time image may be referred to as a live image, a real-time view, or a live view. 
     For example, the scout image may refer to an image for planning an imaging procedure of the object, e.g., a scout image  242  of  FIG. 4 . Also, the scout image may refer to an image for causing the object to correspond to each slice for the imaging procedure. 
     For example, the scout image may be generated by using a part of the received MR signal. The scout image may be referred to as an exam image, an exam view, a planning image, or a planning view. 
     The image processor  130  may update the real-time image based on a user input. The image processor  130  may receive the user input through the input interface  110  and may update the real-time image by using any of various methods. The user input may refer to a user input for adjusting at least one of positions, sizes, directions, and luminosities of slices that are included in the scout image. 
     The image processor  130  may adjust a brightness of a portion of the real-time image or the scout image to correspond to the user input. 
     The display  120  may display, to a user, image data that is generated or reconstructed by the image processor  130 . Also, the display  120  may display a graphical user interface (GUI), and may display information such as user information or object information in order for the user to manipulate an MRI apparatus. The display  120  may include one or more displays described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     The display  120  according to an exemplary embodiment may display at least one of the scout image and the real-time image. 
     The display  120  according to an exemplary embodiment may display, on the scout image, slices that respectively correspond to parts of the object. The display  120  may display the real-time image that is updated by the image processor  130  based on the user input. 
     The display  120  according to an exemplary embodiment may perform display so that a slice that is selected by the user input is distinguished from non-selected slices. 
     The display  120  according to an exemplary embodiment may perform display on the scout image so that at least one of the slices is distinguished from other slices. 
     The display  120  according to an exemplary embodiment may perform display by making a mark corresponding to an artifact on the scout image. 
     When a specific absorption rate (SAR) or a peripheral nervous stimulus (PNS) that is measured when the real-time image is updated exceeds a reference value, the display  120  according to an exemplary embodiment may perform display by making a mark corresponding to the exceeding of the reference value. 
     The input interface  110  may receive the user input by using any of various methods from the user. 
     For example, the input interface  110  may include a unit used by the user to input data to control the MRI apparatus  100 . For example, the input interface  110  may include at least one of a keypad, a dome switch, a touchpad (e.g., a capacitive overlay touchpad, a resistive overlay touchpad, an infrared touchpad, a surface acoustic wave touchpad, an integral strain gauge touchpad, or a piezoelectric touchpad), a jog wheel, or a jog switch. Also, the input interface may include a touch screen, a touch panel, a microphone, or a keyboard. 
     Also, the input interface  110  may include at least one module for receiving data from the user. For example, the input interface  110  may include a motion recognition module, a touch recognition module, and/or a voice recognition module. 
     The touch recognition module may detect the user&#39;s touch gesture on a touch screen and may transmit information about the touch gesture to a processor. The voice recognition module may recognize the user&#39;s voice by using a voice recognition engine and may transmit the recognized voice to the processor. The motion recognition module may recognize a motion of the object to be input and may transmit information about the motion of the object to the processor. 
     An input of the user through the input interface  110  of the MRI apparatus  100  may include at least one of a touch input, a bending input, a voice input, a key input, and a multimodal input. 
     The input interface  110  according to an exemplary embodiment may receive the user input corresponding to the real-time image and the scout image. 
     For example, the input interface  110  may receive a command to select a slice which the user inputs through a touch input. For example, the input interface  110  may receive a command to select a line of a slice which the user inputs through a click input on the scout image. 
     For example, the input interface  110  may receive an input for a position or a size of a slice which the user input through a drag and drop input on the scout image. 
     For example, the input interface  110  may receive a command, which the user inputs through a touch input or a selection input, to select a line among a plurality of lines that are displayed on the scout image. 
     The input interface  110  may receive a selection input or a position change input for the coil, the shim volume, and the saturator that are displayed on the scout image, as described below in detail with reference to  FIG. 8 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , in operation S 110 , the image processor  130  may generate a real-time image and a scout image by using an MR signal that is received from an object. The real-time image may refer to an MR image that is generated without delay when the MRI apparatus  100  receives the MR signal. An operator may see the real-time image and may determine whether the real-time image is an image for the current MR signal. 
     The scout image may refer to an image for planning an imaging procedure of the object. The scout image may be a screen obtained by temporarily capturing the real-time image in order to plan the imaging procedure of the object. 
     In operation S 130 , the display  120  may display slices that respectively correspond to parts of the object to correspond to the scout image. The display  120  may simultaneously display an image of the object and an image of the slices in the scout image  242  of  FIG. 4 . The display  120  may display the image of the slices on the image of the object so that a user may edit the slices corresponding to the object by using any of various input units. 
     In operation S 150 , the input interface  110  may receive a user input corresponding to the real-time image and the scout image. 
     For example, the input interface  110  may be a touch screen. The input interface  110  may provide an image of slices  243  so that the operator may select any of the slices  243 . When the input interface  110  receives an input by which the user touches any of the slices  243 , the display  120  may display the real-time image of the slice  243 . 
     When the input interface  110  receives an input by which the user clicks any of the slices  243 , the display  120  may differently display an image of the slice  243  on a portion of the real-time image. 
     In operation S 170 , the image processor  130  may update the real-time image based on the user input. 
     The image processor  130  may update the real-time image to correspond to an input made by the user through the input interface  110 . For example, when the input interface  110  receives an input by which the user changes a size of any of the slices  243 , the image processor  130  may update the real-time image to correspond to the changed size of the slice  243 . 
     In operation S 190 , the display  120  may display the updated real-time image. 
     The display  120  may display the real-time image that is updated according the user input received by the image processor  130 . 
     For example, the display  120  may perform display by making a mark on an updated portion so that the updated portion is distinguished from non-updated portions. For example, the display  120  may display additional information (for example, slice information) of the updated portion along with the real-time image 
     For example, the display  120  may perform display so that an image that is previously output and an image that is currently output are distinguished from each other. For example, the display  120  may perform display so that slice information of the image that is previously output and slice information of the image that is currently output are distinguished from each other. For example, the display  120  may perform display on the scout image so that a slice corresponding to the updated portion in the real-time image is distinguished from other slices. 
     For example, the display  120  may perform display on the scout image to which part of the object the real-time image corresponds. For example, the display  120  may display a part of the object, which is displayed on the real-time image, on the scout image. For example, the display  120  may display a portion corresponding to a part of the object, which is displayed on the real-time image, on a slice that is included in the scout image. 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus  100  to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Operations S 210 , S 230 , S 270 , and S 290  of  FIG. 5  are respectively the same as operations S 110 , S 130 , S 170 , and S 190  of  FIG. 3 , and thus a repeated explanation thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , in operation S 210 , the image processor  130  may generate the real-time image  241  and the scout image  242  by using an MR signal that is received from an object. In operation S 230 , the display  120  may display the slices  243  that respectively correspond to parts of the object to correspond to the scout image  242 . 
     In operation S 252 , the input interface  110  may receive an input by which at least one of the slices  243  that are displayed to correspond to the real-time image and the scout image is selected. 
     The input interface  110  may provide an image of the slices  243  so that an operator may select the at least one slice  243 . When the input interface  110  receives an input by which a user touches a slice, the display  120  may display the real-time image of the slice. 
     The input interface  110  may provide the real-time image  241  or the scout image  242  so that the operator may select the at least one slice  243 . When the input interface  110  receives an input by which the user locks the slice  243 , the display  120  may differently display an image of the slice  243  on a portion of the real-time image. 
     In operation S 270 , the image processor  130  may update the real-time image  241  based on a user input. In operation S 290 , the display  120  may display the updated real-time image. 
       FIG. 6  is a view illustrating a real-time image  355  and scout images according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     The scout images may respectively include a sagittal view image  351 , a coronal view image  352 , and an axial view image  353 . For example, the sagittal view image  351  may include a plurality of slices  354  of an object. For example, when a user selects a slice, the selected slice may be displayed so that at least one of a transparency, a color, and a shape of the selected slice are different from those of other slices. For example, the selected slice may be indicated by a dashed line as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus  100  to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Operations S 310 , S 350 , S 370 , and S 390  of  FIG. 7  are respectively the same as operations S 110 , S 150 , S 170 , and S 190  of  FIG. 6 , and thus a repeated explanation thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , in operation S 310 , the image processor  130  may generate the real-time image  355  and the scout images (i.e., the sagittal view image  351 , the coronal view image  352 , and the axial view image  353 ) by using an MR signal that is received from an object. 
     In operation S 333 , the display  120  may perform display on the scout image so that at least one of slices is distinguished from other slices. For example, as shown in the sagittal view image  351  of  FIG. 3 , the display  120  may perform display so that at least one of the slices  354  is distinguished from other slices. For example, the display  120  may display a first slice with a dashed line, as shown in the sagittal view image  351  of  FIG. 6 . For example, the display  120  may perform display so that the first slice has a transparency that is different from those of other slices. 
     For example, the display  120  may display the first slice in a red color and a second slice in a yellow color, but this is not limiting. For example, the display  120  may display the first slice with a dashed line and the second slice with a solid line. 
     For example, the display  120  may display the first slice with a relatively thick line and the second slice with a relatively thin line. For example, when two or more slices are selected, the display  120  may differently display the two or more slices according to an order in which the two or more slices are selected. 
     In operations S 350 , S 370 , and S 390 , the input interface  110  may receive a user input corresponding to the real-time image  355  and the scout images and may update the real-time image  355  based on the user input, and the display  120  may display the updated real-time image. 
       FIG. 8  is a view illustrating a scout image  460  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     The scout image  460  may include coil images  461  and  464 . An operator may detect a relative position of a coil with respect to an object by using the coil images  461  and  464  that are included in the scout image  460 . 
     The scout image  460  may include a saturator image  462 . The operator may more obtain an image of the object with a better quality by controlling the display without the saturator image  462  that is unrelated to the object, i.e., by controlling to exclude the saturator from the image. However, this is only an example, and the operator may control the display to selectively exclude a display of any of a coil, a shim volume, and a saturator. 
     The scout image  460  may include a slice image  463 . In addition, the scout image  460  may include a shim volume image. A user may more easily plan an imaging procedure by using at least one object image of at least one of a coil, a shim volume, a slice, and a saturator. 
       FIG. 9  is a view illustrating scout images according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     The scout images may include a sagittal view image  471 , a coronal view image  472 , and an axial view image  473 . The sagittal view image  471 , the coronal view image  472 , and the axial view image  473  may respectively include object images of a coil, a shim volume, a slice, and a saturator. An operator may plan an imaging procedure by manipulating the object images. For example, the operator may set the saturator and may set an area that is not included in a real-time image. The operator may set the shim volume by using a touch or a click and may set a size, a shape, and a type of the shim volume by using any of various methods. 
       FIG. 10  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus  100  to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Operations S 410 , S 470 , and S 490  of  FIG. 10  are respectively the same as operations S 110 , S 170 , and S 190  of  FIG. 3 , and thus a repeated explanation thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 8 through 10 , in operation S 410 , the image processor  130  may generate a real-time image and the scout image  460  by using an MR signal that is received from an object. 
     In operation S 435 , the display  120  may display an object image of at least one of a coil, a shim volume, and a saturator. The display  120  may display various object images by using the scout image  460 . 
     For example, the scout image  460  may include the coil images  461  and  464 . An operator may detect a relative position of a coil with respect to the object by using the coil images  461  and  464  that are included in the scout image  460 . 
     For example, the scout image  460  may include the saturator image  462 . The operator may more clearly obtain an image of the object by performing display without the saturator image  462  that is unrelated to the object. 
     For example, the scout image  460  may include the slice image  463 . In addition, the scout image  460  may include a shim volume image. The operator may more easily plan an imaging procedure by using object images of the coil, the shim volume, a slice, and the saturator. 
     In operation S 455 , the input interface  110  may receive a user input corresponding to each object image. 
     For example, the operator may change a size, a position, a display method, and a type of each object image by using the input interface  110 . For example, the operator may change a size of the saturator by using the input interface  110 . 
     In operations S 470  and S 490 , the image processor  130  may update the real-time image based on the user input, and the display  120  may display the updated real-time image. For example, the display  120  may receive an input by which a size and a shape of the saturator are changed and may display the real-time image that is updated based on the input. 
       FIG. 11  is a view illustrating a real-time image  671  and a scout image  672  according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     For example, when noise is included in an MR signal due to any of various artifacts, the display  120  of the MRI apparatus  100  may display an unclear image, e.g., as shown on the real-time image  671 . The display  120  may perform display so that a slice  673  in which noise is included is distinguished from other slices. The display  120  may perform display on the scout image  672  so that at least one of a transparency, a color, and a thickness of the slice  673  in which noise is included is distinguished from those of the slices  675  in which noise is not included. 
       FIG. 12  is a flowchart of a method performed by the MRI apparatus  100  to generate an MR image, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Operations S 610 , S 630 , and S 690  of  FIG. 12  are respectively the same as operations S 110 , S 130 , and S 190  of  FIG. 3 , and thus a repeated explanation thereof will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 11 and 12 , in operation S 610 , the image processor  130  may generate the real-time image  671  and the scout image  672  by using an MR signal that is received from an object. In operation S 630 , the display  120  may display the slices  673  that respectively correspond to parts of the object to correspond to the scout image  672 . 
     In operation S 657 , the image processor  130  may determine whether an artifact is detected in the real-time image  671 . When it is determined in operation S 657  that an artifact is detected in the real-time image  671 , the image processor  130  may update the real-time image  671 . 
     In operation S 677 , the image processor  130  may update the scout image  672  so that a slice in which a user artifact is detected is displayed to be distinguished from other slices. In operation S 690 , the display  120  may display the updated real-time image. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, when an SAR or a PNS that is measured when the real-time image  671  is generated or updated exceeds a reference value, the image processor  130  may update the scout image  672  by making a mark corresponding to the exceeding of the reference value on the scout image  672 . 
       FIGS. 13A and 13B  are views for explaining an operation of changing an arrangement of scout images, according to an exemplary embodiment.  FIG. 14  is a flowchart for explaining an operation of changing an arrangement of scout images, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 13A through 14 , in operation S 710 , the image processor  130  may generate scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783  by using an MR signal that is received from an object. In operation S 738 , the display  120  may display the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783 . 
     In operation S 758 , the input interface  110  may receive a user input for changing a layout of the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783 . The input interface  110  may receive an input by using any of various methods. For example, an operator may re-arrange the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783  by using a drag and drop method. For example, the operator may input sizes and positions of the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783 . For example, the operator may select one layout among layouts suggested by the MRI apparatus  100  and may re-arrange the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783 . 
     In operation S 778 , the image processor  130  may update the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783  according to the layout that is changed based on the user input. 
     For example, the image processor  130  may update the scout images  781 ,  782 , and  783  and may arrange scout images  784 ,  785 , and  786  to have a layout shown in  FIG. 13B . 
     In operation S 798 , the display  120  may display the updated scout images  784 ,  785 , and  786 . 
     For example, the display  120  may display the scout images  784 ,  785 , and  786  having the layout that are updated to correspond to the user input. 
       FIGS. 15A and 15B  are views for explaining a method performed by the input interface  110  to receive position information of a table in order to adjust a position of an object, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15A , the input interface  110  may receive position information of a table that supports the object. The MRI apparatus  100  may adjust the position of the table in order to adjust a point of interest of an operator. The input interface  110  may be a GUI  891  as shown in  FIG. 15A . 
     For example, the display  120  may display current position information of the table, and the input interface  110  may receive the corrected position information of the table. The position information of the table may be expressed by using a distance between a reference point (e.g., an edge portion of the table) and a measurement point (e.g., an imaging point). For example, the position information of the table may be expressed by using plane coordinates or spatial coordinates. The operator may correct the position of the table by using the GUI  891 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 15B , the display  120  may display position information of the table in a scout image. The display  120  may display the position information of the table by using, for example, a popup window  892 , on a portion of the scout image. 
     The above-described exemplary embodiments may be implemented as an executable program, and may be executed by a computer by using a computer-readable recording medium. 
     Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM, floppy disks, hard disks, etc.), optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROMs or DVDs), etc. 
     The foregoing exemplary embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting. The present teaching may be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. Also, the description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims, and many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.