Patent Publication Number: US-2022216470-A1

Title: Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and more particularly, relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing Ni, Co, and Al, as a positive electrode active material. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In recent years, a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a high Ni content, which exhibits a large capacity even at a voltage of 4.2 V and contributes to increase in a battery capacity, has been known as a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Patent Literature 1, for example, discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode including: a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having more than 90 mol % of a Ni content based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li and a tungsten compound. As a specific. example of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, Patent Literature 1 describes a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.91 Co 0.06 Al 0.03 O 2 . 
     Patent Literature 2 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode including: a lithium-transition metal composite oxide-represented by a general formula of Li x Ni y M (1-y) O 2  (0&lt;x≤1.2, 0.88≤y≤0.99, and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Fe, Cu, Mg, Ti, Zr, Ce, and W); and lithium carbonate. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         PATENT LITERATURE 1: International publication No. 2015/141179 
         PATENT LITERATURE 2: International publication No. 2017/145849 
       
    
     SUMMARY 
     Technical Problem 
     However, a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a high Ni content has an unstable crystalline structure, and thereby has problems such as being likely to cause cation mixing, which is transfer of Ni ions to Li ion sites. As a technique to solve these problems, increasing an amount of Al added to stabilize the crystalline structure can be generally possible. Such increase in the amount of Al added, hog ever, may cause to lower the capacity. 
     An object of the present disclosure is, in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing Ni, Co, and Al, as a positive electrode active material, to sustain a crystalline structure of the composite oxide for further increase in the battery capacity. 
     Solution to Problem 
     A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of an aspect of the present disclosure comprises a positive electrode having a positive electrode Core and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on a surface of the positive electrode core, in which: the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material including a lithium-transition metal composite oxide represented by a general formula of Li a Ni b Co (1-b-c) Al c O d  (0.9&lt;a≤1.2, 0.88≤b≤0.96, 0.04≤c&lt;0.12, and 1.9≤d≤2.1) and 0.1 to 1.0 mass % of lithium carbonate based on the mass of the positive electrode active material; the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles; and 0.05 to 0.20 mol % of tungsten is present on a surface of the primary particles based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li, in the positive electrode active material. 
     Advantageous Effect of Invention 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a large capacity may be provided. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  is a sectional view of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of an example of an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     A lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing Ni, Co, and Al and having 88 mol % or more of a Ni content based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li has attracted attention as a positive electrode active material for a large capacity. Such lithium-transition metal composite oxide, however, has an unstable crystalline structure, and thereby has problems such as being likely to cause cation Presence of tungsten (W) on a particle surface of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is known to form a lithium compound by reacting a Li source remained near the surface and the W, resulting in improvement in battery performance such as cycle characteristics. Whereas, too much amount of the W added causes extracting Li ions also from inside of the particle to contribute to lower the capacity; thus, the effect by adding the W is not easily compatible with the large capacity. 
     The present inventors have found that addition of a predetermined amount of lithium carbonate to a positive electrode mixture layer, based OA a mass of a positive electrode active material including a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing Ni, Co, and Al at a specific molar ratio and a predetermined amount of W that is present on a particle surface of the composite oxide, stabilizes the crystalline structure of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide to increase the battery capacity. The stabilization of the crystalline structure by adding Al as well as an interaction between the W that is present on the particle surface of the composite oxide and the lithium carbonate included in the positive electrode mixture layer specifically increase the battery capacity within a certain predetermined composition range. 
     Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure will be described in detail. Hereinafter, a cylindrical battery in which a wound-type electrode assembly  14  is housed in a bottomed cylindrical exterior housing can  16  will be exemplified, but an exterior housing body is not limited to the cylindrical exterior housing can and may be, for example, a rectangular exterior housing can and may be an exterior housing body constituted with laminated sheets including a metal layer and a resin layer. The electrode assembly may be a flatly-formed wound-type electrode assembly and may be a stacked electrode assembly in which positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternatively stacked with separators interposed therebetween. 
       FIG. 1  is a sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery  10  of an example of an embodiment. As exemplified in  FIG. 1 , the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery  10  comprises the wound-type electrode assembly  14 , a non-aqueous electrolyte (not illustrated), and the exterior housing can  16  housing the electrode assembly  14  and the non-aqueous electrolyte. The electrode assembly  14  has a positive electrode  11 , a negative electrode  12 , and a separator  13 , and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode  11  and the negative electrode  12  are spirally wound with the separator  13  interposed therebetween. The exterior housing can  16  is a bottomed cylindrical metallic container having an opening at one side in an axial direction, and the opening of the exterior housing can  16  is sealed with a sealing assembly  17 . Hereinafter, for convenience of description, a side of the sealing assembly  17  of the battery will be described as the upper side, and a side of the bottom of the exterior housing can  16  will be described as the lower side. 
     The non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent. As the non-aqueous solvent, esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, a mixed solvent of two or more thereof, and the like may be used, for example. The non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted solvent i t which at least a part of hydrogens in these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine. The non-aqueous electrolyte is not limited to a liquid electrolyte, and may be a solid electrolyte using a gel polymer or the like. As the electrolyte salt, a lithium salt such as LiPF 6  is used, for example. 
     Any of the positive electrode  11 , negative electrode  12 , and separator  13  constituting. the electrode assembly  14  is a band-Shaped elongated body, and spirally wound to be alternatively stacked in a radial direction of the electrode assembly  14 . To prevent precipitation of lithium, the negative electrode  12  is formed to be one size larger than the positive electrode  11 . That is, negative electrode  12  is formed to be longer than positive electrode  11  in a longitudinal direction and width direction (short direction). Two separators  13  are formed to he one size larger than at least the positive electrode  11 , and disposed to, for example, sandwich the positive electrode  11 . The electrode assembly  14  has a positive electrode lead  20  connected to the positive electrode  11  by welding or the like and a negative electrode lead  21  connected to the negative electrode  12  by welding or the like. 
     Insulating plates  18  and  19  are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the electrode assembly  14 , respectively. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the positive electrode lead  20  extends through a through hole in the insulating plate  18  toward a side of the sealing assembly  17 , and the negative electrode lead  21  extends through an outside of the insulating plate  19  toward the bottom side of the exterior housing can  16 . The positive electrode lead  20  is connected to a lower surface of an internal terminal plate  23  of the sealing assembly  17  by welding or the like, and a cap  27 , which is a top plate of the sealing assembly  17  electrically connected to the internal terminal plate  23 , becomes a positive electrode terminal. The negative electrode lead  21  is connected to a bottom inner surface of the exterior housing can  16  by welding or the like, and the exterior housing can  16  becomes a negative electrode terminal. 
     A gasket  28  is provided between the exterior housing can  16  and the sealing assembly  17  to achieve sealability inside the battery. On the exterior housing can  16 , a grooved part  22  in which a part of a side part thereof projects inside for supporting the sealing assembly  17  is framed. The grooved part  22  is preferably formed in a circular shape along a circumferential direction of the exterior housing can  16 , and supports the sealing assembly  17  with the upper surface thereof. The sealing assembly  17  is fixed on the upper part of the exterior housing can  16  with the grooved part  22  and an end part of the opening of the exterior housing can  16  calked to the sealing assembly  17 . 
     The sealing assembly  17  has a stacked structure of the internal terminal plate  23 , a lower vent member  24 , an insulating member  25 , an upper vent member  26 , and the cap  27  in this order from a side of the electrode assembly  14 . Each member constituting the sealing assembly  17  has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except for the insulating member  25  is electrically connected each other. The lower vent member  24  and the upper vent member  26  are connected at each of central parts thereof, and the insulating member  25  is interposed between each of circumferential parts thereof. If an internal pressure of the battery increases due to abnormal heat generation, the lower vent member  24  is deformed so as to push the upper vent member  26  up toward the cap  27  side and breaks, and thereby a current pathway between the lower vent member  24  and the upper vent member  26  is cut off If the internal pressure further increases, the upper vent member  26  breaks, and gas is discharged through the cap  27  opening. 
     Hereinafter, the positive electrode  11 , negative electrode  12 , and separator  13  constituting the electrode assembly  14 , particularly the positive electrode  11 , will be described in detail. 
     [Positive Electrode] 
     The positive electrode  11  has a positive electrode core and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on a surface of the positive electrode core. For the positive electrode core, a foil of a metal stable within a potential range of the positive electrode  11 , such as aluminum, a film in which such metal is disposed on a surface layer thereof, and the like may be used. The positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and is preferably provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode core except for a portion to which the positive electrode lead  20  is connected. The positive electrode  11  may be produced by, for example applying a positive electrode mixture slurry including the positive electrode active material, the binder, the conductive agent, and the like on the surface of the positive electrode core, drying and subsequently compressing the applied film to form the positive electrode mixture layer on both surfaces of the positive electrode core. 
     The positive electrode mixture layer includes the positive electrode active material including a lithium-transition metal composite oxide represented by a general formula of Li a Ni b Co (1-b-c) Al c O d  (0.9&lt;a≤1.2, 0.88≤b≤0.96, 0.04≤c&lt;0.12, and 1.9≤d≤2.1) and 0.1 to 1.0 mass % of lithium carbonate based on the mass of the positive electrode active material. The lithium-transition metal composite oxide is secondary particles fanned by aggregation of primary particles, and 0.05 to 0.20 mol % of tungsten (W) is present on a surface of the primary particles based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li, in the positive electrode active material. Addition of 0.1 to 1.0 mass% of the lithium carbonate, based on the mass of the positive electrode active material in which 0.05 to 0.20 mol % of the W is adhered to the particle surface of the composite oxide, specifically increases the battery capacity. 
     The lithium-transition metal composite oxide is more preferably a composite oxide represented by a general formula of Li a Ni b Co (1-b-c) Al c O d  (0.9&lt;a≤1.2, 0.88≤b≤0.92, 0.04≤c&lt;0.12, and 1.9≤d≤2.1), and particularly preferably a composite oxide represented by a general formula of Li a Ni b Co (1-b-c) Al c O d  (0.9&lt;a≤1.2, 0.91≤b≤0.92, 0.04≤c≤0.06, and 1.9≤d≤2.1). 
     In other words, a Ni content in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is 88 to 96 mol %, preferably 88 to 92 mol %, and more preferably 91 to 92 mol % based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li. An Al content in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is 4 to 12 mol %, and preferably 4 to 6 mol % based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li. When the Ni content is less than 88 mol %, the crystalline structure is originally stable, and thereby the effect of the present disclosure is difficult to appear. On the other hand, more than 96 mol % of the Ni content and necessarily less than 4 mol % of the Al content cannot sustain the stable crystalline structure, and the effect of increasing the capacity is not obtained. 
     The lithium-transition metal composite oxide may contain a metal element other than Li, Ni, Co, and Al, for example, Mn, B Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu,  7 n, Ga, Si, Zr, Nb, Tn, Sn, Ta, W, Mo, and Ba, within a range in that an object of the present disclosure is not impaired. 
     The positive electrode active material is mainly composed of the lithium 4 ransition metal composite oxide, and includes the W adhered on the surface of the primary particles of the composite oxide. Since the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is the secondary particles formed by aggregation of the primary particles, the W is adhered also on a surface of the secondary particles. More W may be present on the surface of the secondary particles than inside thereof. The positive electrode active material has a structure in which, for example, at least the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is dotted with a W-containing compound. 
     Examples of the W-containing compound include tungsten oxide, lithium tungstate sodium tungstate, magnesium tungstate potassium tungstate, silver tungstate, tungsten boride, tungsten carbide, tungsten silicide, tungsten sulfide, and tungsten chloride. Among them, tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is preferable. The W-containing compound may be used in combinations of two or more compounds. 
     A W content in the positive electrode active material is, in terms of W, 0.05 to 0.20 mol %, preferably 0.06 to 0.19 mol %, and more preferably 0.07 to 0.18 mol % based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li. When the W content is less than 0.05 mol % or more than 0.20 mol %, the effect of increase in the capacity is not obtained. The content of each element in the positive electrode active material is measured by ICP emission spectrometric analysis. 
     The positive electrode active material may be produced by adding a powder of W or W-containing compound to a powder of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide to be mixed, and subsequently performing heat treatment at a temperature of 100° C. to 300° C. The heat treatment yields the positive electrode active material in which the W or W-containing compound is adhered to the surface of the primary particles of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. Each of the powders may be mixed in a state of a dispersion liquid or solution before the heat treatment. 
     A median diameter (D50) on a volumetric basis of the positive electrode active material is, for example, 5 μm to 30 μm, and preferably 10 μm to 20 μm. The D50 on a volumetric basis, also referred to as an intermediate diameter, means a particle diameter at which a cumulative frequency is 50% from a smaller particle diameter side in a particle size distribution on a volumetric basis. The D50 may be measured by using a laser diffraction-type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MICROTRAC HRA, manufactured by NIKKISO CO., LTD.) with water as a dispersion medium. 
     As mentioned above, the lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) is added to the positive electrode mixture layer in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 mass% based on the mass of the positive electrode active material. If the battery is overcharged, the lithium carbonate is decomposed to generate carbon dioxide gas for triggering a current-cutting mechanism to prevent proceeding of the overcharging. In addition, the lithium carbonate contributes to increase the capacity by the interaction with the W. When the content of the lithium carbonate is less than 0.1 mass % or more than 1.0 mass %, the effect of increasing the capacity is not obtained. When the content of the lithium carbonate is more than 1.0 mass %, the gas is likely to be generated during a storage at high temperature. The content of the lithium carbonate is preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mass %, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.6 mass % based on the mass of the positive electrode active material. 
     In the positive electrode mixture layer, the lithium carbonate is present, for example, on the particle surface of the positive electrode active material (the surface of the secondary particles) and in a space among the positive electrode active materials. The lithium carbonate is preferably present near the positive electrode active material, and may be adhered to the particle surface of the positive electrode active material without the binder, and may be adhered to the particle surface with the binder interposed therebetween. 50 mass % or more of the lithium carbonate included in the positive electrode mixture layer preferably adheres to the particle surface of the positive electrode active material. 
     A D50 on a volumetric basis of the lithium carbonate is preferably, but not particularly limited to, 2 μm or more and is smaller than a D50 on a volumetric basis of the positive electrode active material. A lithium carbonate having too small a particle diameter requires an increased number of the particles and makes the BET specific surface area higher, resulting in adhesion of more binder to the lithium carbonate. As a result, an adhesiveness among constituting materials of the positive electrode mixture layer and an adhesiveness between the positive electrode mixture layer and the positive electrode core may be insufficient. The D50 on a volumetric basis of the lithium carbonate is preferably 2 μm to 1 μm, and more preferably 2 μm to 6 μm. 
     The lithium carbonate is added to the positive electrode mixture layer by, for example, adding the lithium carbonate to the positive electrode mixture shiny together with the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive agent, and applying this positive electrode mixture slurry on the positive electrode core. A powder of the lithium carbonate may be added to and mixed with a powder of the positive electrode active material, and then the positive electrode mixture slurry may be prepared using this mixed powder. 
     Examples of the binder included in the positive electrode mixture layer may include fluororesin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a polyimide, an acrylic resin, and a polyolefin. With these resins, a cellulose derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like may be used in combination. A content of the binder is preferably, but not particularly limited to, 0.3 to 1.5 mass %, and more preferably 0.3 to 0.9 mass % based on a total mass of the positive electrode mixture layer. 
     Examples of the conductive agent included in the positive electrode mixture layer may include a carbon material such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjenblack, and graphite. A content of the conductive agent is preferably, but not particularly limited to, 0.1 to 1.5 mass %, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 mass % based on a total mass of the positive electrode mixture layer. 
     [Negative Electrode] 
     The negative electrode  12  has a negative electrode core and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on a surface of the negative electrode core. For the negative electrode core, a foil of a metal stable within a potential range of the negative electrode  12 , such as copper, a film in which such metal is disposed on  8  surface layer thereof, and the like may be used. The negative electrode mixture layer includes negative electrode active material and a binder, and is preferably provided on, for example, both surfaces of the negative electrode core except for a portion to which the negative electrode lead  21  is connected. The negative electrode  12  may be produced by, for example, applying a negative electrode mixture slurry including the negative electrode active material, the binder, and the like on the surface of the negative electrode core, drying and subsequently compressing the applied film to form the negative electrode mixture layer on both surfaces of the negative electrode core. 
     The negative electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a carbon-based active material to reversibly occlude and release lithium ions, as the negative electrode active material. The carbon-based active material is preferably a graphite such as: a natural graphite such as flake graphite, lump graphite, and amorphous graphite; and an artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase-carbon microbead (MCMB). For the negative electrode active material, a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may also he used, and the carbon-based active material and the Si-based active material may be used in combination. 
     For the binder included in the negative electrode mixture layer, a fluororesin, PAN, a polyimide, an acrylic resin, a polyolefin, and the like may be used similar to that in the positive electrode  11 , but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is preferably used. The negative electrode mixture layer preferably further includes CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like. Among them, SBR; and CMC or a salt thereof or PAA or a salt thereof; are preferably used in combination. 
     [Separator] 
     For the separator  13 , a porous sheet having ion permeation property and insulation property is used. Specific examples of the porous sheet include a fine porous thin film, a woven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric. As a material of the separator  13 , a polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose, and the like are preferable. The separator  13  may have any of a single-layered structure and a laminated structure. On a surface of the separator, a heat-resistant layer and the like may be formed. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be further described with Examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to these Examples. 
     Example 1 
     [Synthesis of Positive Electrode Active Material] 
     To a layer-structured lithium-transition metal composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.91 Co 0.03 Al 0.06 O 2 , tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) was added to he mixed, and heat treatment was performed under a condition of oxygen atmosphere and at 200° C. to obtain a positive electrode active material in which the WO 3  was adhered to a particle surface of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. An amount of the WO 3  added was 0.05 mol %m in terms of W, based on a total molar amount of metal elements excluding Li, in the positive electrode active material. 
     [Production of Positive Electrode] 
     The positive electrode active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) were mixed at a mass ratio of 100:1:0.9, further mixed with 0.3 mass % of lithium carbonate based on the mass of the positive electrode active material, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a dispersion medium to prepare a positive electrode mixture layer. Then, this positive electrode mixture slurry was applied on both surfaces of a positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the applied film was dried, compressed, and then cut to a predetermined electrode size to produce a positive electrode in which a positive electrode mixture layer was formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode core. An exposed part where a surface of the positive electrode core was exposed was provided, and a positive electrode lead was attached to the exposed part. 
     [Production of Negative Electrode] 
     As a negative electrode active material, a mixture of a natural graphite and a Si-containing compound represented by SiO x  in which Si fine particles were dispersed in a SiO 2  phase was used. The negative electrode active material, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed at a mass ratio of 95:3:2, and water was used as a dispersion medium to prepare a negative electrode mixture slimy. Then, the negative electrode mixture slimy was applied on both surfaces of a negative electrode core made of copper foil, the applied film was dried, compressed, and then cut to a predetermined electrode size to produce a negative electrode in which a negative electrode mixture layer was formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode core. An exposed part where a surface of the negative electrode core was exposed was provided, and a negative electrode lead was attached to the exposed part. 
     [Preparation of Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Liquid] 
     Into a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), LrPF 6  was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol/L to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte liquid. 
     [Production of Battery] 
     The positive electrode and the negative electrode were spirally wound with a separator made of polyethylene interposed therebetween to produce a flatly-formed wound-type electrode assembly. This electrode assembly and the non-aqueous electrolyte liquid were housed in a bottomed cylindrical exterior housing can, and a sealing assembly was attached to an opening of the exterior housing can to produce a cylindrical non aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. 
     Example 2 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the WO 3  added was 0.2 mol % in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material. 
     Example 3 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.91 Co 0.05 Al 0.04 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Example 4 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the amount of the WO 3  added was 0.2 mol % in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material. 
     Example 5 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the lithium carbonate added was 0.1 mass % in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. 
     Comparative Example 1 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that no WO 3  was added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material and no lithium carbonate was added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. 
     Comparative Example 2 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.91 Co 0.055 Al 0.035 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Comparative Example 3 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that no WO 3  was added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material. 
     Comparative Example 4 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the amount of the WO 3  added was 0.3 mol % in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material. 
     Comparative Example 5 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as Example 3 except that no lithium carbonate was added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. 
     [Evaluation of Battery Capacity] 
     Each of the batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples was charged at 25° C. and with a constant current at 0.3 C until a battery voltage reached 4:2 V. and then charged with a constant voltage of 4.2 V until a current value reached 0.02 C. After the charging, the battery was discharged with a constant current at 0.3 C until a battery voltage reached 2.5 V. Then, a discharge capacity was determined, and a percent change in the capacity (relative value) of each battery, based on the discharge capacity of the battery of Comparative Example 1, was calculated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 with constitutions of the positive electrode mixture layers. As described later, a percent change in the capacity of each battery of Examples 6 and 7 was calculated based on the battery of Comparative Example 6, a percent change in the capacity of each battery of Examples 8 and 9 was calculated based on the battery of Comparative Example 7, and a percent change in the capacity of each battery of Comparative Examples 8 and 9 was calculated based on the battery of Comparative Example 10. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Content of Metal Element (mol %) 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ni/(Ni + 
                 Co/(Ni + 
                 Al/(Ni + 
                 W/(Ni + 
                 Amount of Li 2 CO 3   
                 Percent Change in 
               
               
                   
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al + W) 
                 Added (wt %) 
                 Capacity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1 
                 91 
                 3 
                 6 
                 0.05 
                 0.3 
                 1.2 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 91 
                 3 
                 6 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0.05 
                 0.3 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0.05 
                 0.1 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Example 1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 91 
                 5.5 
                 3.5 
                 0.05 
                 0.3 
                 0 
               
               
                 Example 2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.3 
                 −0.1 
               
               
                 Example 3 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 −0.2 
               
               
                 Example 4 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 91 
                 5 
                 4 
                 0.05 
                 0 
                 −0.2 
               
               
                 Example 5 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 1, any battery of Examples was confirmed to have a larger capacity than the batteries of Comparative Examples. When the W is absent on the particle surface of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide (Comparative Example 3 ) and when the lithium-carbonate is absent in the positive electrode mixture layer (Comparative Example 5), the effect of increase in the capacity is not obtained. When the Al content is 3.5 mol % (Comparative Example 2) and when the amount of W added is 0.3 mol %, the effect of increasing the capacity also is not obtained. In other words, the battery capacity specifically increases only when 0.1 to 1.0 mass % of the lithium carbonate is added based on the mass of the positive electrode active material in which 0.05 to 0.20 mol % of the W is adhered to the particle surface of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide represented by a general formula of Li a Ni b Co (1-b-c) Al c O d  (0.9&lt;a≤1.2, 0.88≤b≤0.96, 0.04≤c&lt;0.12, and 1.9≤d≤2.1). 
     Example 6 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.88 Co 0.08 Al 0.04 O 2 , was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Example 7 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.88 Co 0.08 Al 0.04 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Comparative Example 6 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that no WO 3  was added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material and no lithium carbonate was added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Content of Metal Element (mol %) 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ni/(Ni + 
                 Co/(Ni + 
                 Al/(Ni + 
                 W/(Ni + 
                 Amount of Li 2 CO 3   
                 Percent Change in 
               
               
                   
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al + W) 
                 Added (wt %) 
                 Capacity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 6 
                 88 
                 8 
                 4 
                 0.05 
                 0.3 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 88 
                 8 
                 4 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 88 
                 8 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Example 6 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 2, each battery of Examples 6 and 7 was confirmed to have a larger capacity than the battery of Comparative Example 6. 
     Example 8 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.92 Co 0.04 Al 0.04 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Example 9 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as Example 2 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.92 Co 0.04 Al 0.04 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Comparative Example 7 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that no WO 3  was added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material and no lithium carbonate was added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Content of Metal Element (mo1%) 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ni/(Ni + 
                 Co/(Ni + 
                 Al/(Ni + 
                 W/(Ni + 
                 Amount of Li 2 CO 3   
                 Percent Change in 
               
               
                   
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al + W) 
                 Added (wt %) 
                 Capacity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 8 
                 92 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.05 
                 0.3 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 92 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 1.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 92 
                 4 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Example 7 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 3, each battery of Examples 8 and 9 was confirmed to have a larger capacity than the battery of Comparative Example 7. From the results shown in Tables 1 to 3, a higher Ni content was confirmed to raise the increasing percentage of the capacity. It is presumed that this is because a higher Ni content makes the crystalline structure of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide less stable to exhibit the effect of the present disclosure more significantly. 
     Comparative Example 8 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.82 Co 0.14 Al 0.04 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Comparative Example 9 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a composite oxide represented by a general formula of LiNi 0.82 Co 0.14 Al 0.04 O 2  was used as the lithium-transition metal composite oxide. 
     Comparative Example 10 
     A positive electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 8 except that no WO 3  was added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material and no lithium carbonate was added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Content of Metal Element (mo1%) 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ni/(Ni + 
                 Co/(Ni + 
                 Al/(Ni + 
                 W/(Ni + 
                 Amount of Li 2 CO 3   
                 Percent Change in 
               
               
                   
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al) 
                 Co + Al + W) 
                 Added (wt %) 
                 Capacity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Comparative 
                 82 
                 14 
                 4 
                 0.05 
                 0.3 
                 −0.1 
               
               
                 Example 8 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 82 
                 14 
                 4 
                 0.2 
                 0.3 
                 −0.2 
               
               
                 Example 9 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 82 
                 14 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Example 10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 4, it was confirmed that the effect of increasing the capacity was not obtained when the Ni content is 82 mol %. In this case, the crystalline structure of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is originally stable, and thereby the effect of the present disclosure seems difficult to appear. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       10  non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,  11  positive electrode,  12  negative electrode,  13  separator,  14  electrode assembly,  16  exterior housing can,  17  sealing assembly,  18 ,  19  insulating plate,  20  positive electrode lead,  21  negative electrode lead,  22  grooved part, internal terminal plate,  24  lower vent member,  25  insulating member,  26  upper vent member,  27  cap,  28  gasket