Patent Publication Number: US-9848226-B2

Title: Audio playing scheme for digital billboard system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/810,497, filed on Jan. 16, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,232,115, which is a U.S. National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/US2012/047002, filed on Jul. 17, 2012. The disclosures of both applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Digital technologies have experienced phenomenal growth in the last few years. Advertisement has adopted such technologies. For example, a digital billboard on a street is a popular method for advertising. Advertisement on the digital billboard can be easily exposed to drivers in cars, passengers using public transportation, pedestrians, and so on. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an example, a method performed under control of a server may include receiving from an end device, a control signal configured to indicate that the end device is located in a first predetermined area relative to a first digital billboard, identifying first video data currently displayed on the first digital billboard, determining first audio data corresponding to the first video data, and transmitting the first audio data to the end device based on the control signal. 
     In an example, a method performed under control of an end device may include determining whether the end device is located in a predetermined area relative to a digital billboard, transmitting to a server a control signal configured to indicate that the end device is located in the predetermined area relative to the digital billboard, receiving from the server audio data corresponding to video data currently displayed on the digital billboard, and playing the audio data. 
     In an example, a server may include a signal receiving unit configured to receive from an end device, a control signal indicating that the end device is located in a first predetermined area relative to a first digital billboard, an identifying unit configured to identify first video data currently displayed on the first digital billboard and first audio data corresponding to the first video data, and an audio transmitting unit configured to transmit the first audio data to the end device based on the control signal. 
     In an example, an end device may include a determining unit configured to determine whether the end device is located in a predetermined area relative to a digital billboard, a transmitting unit configured to transmit to a server a control signal indicating that the end device is located in the predetermined area relative to the digital billboard, a receiving unit configured to receive from the server audio data corresponding to video data currently displayed on the digital billboard, and a player configured to play the audio data. 
     In an example, a computer-readable storage medium may store computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, cause an end device to perform operations including determining whether the end device is located in a predetermined area relative to a digital billboard, transmitting to a server a control signal configured to indicate that the end device is located in the predetermined area relative to the digital billboard, receiving from the server audio data corresponding to video data currently displayed on the digital billboard, and playing the audio data. 
     The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The foregoing and other features of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  schematically shows an illustrative example of a system in which an end device is located in an area associated with a digital billboard, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 2  schematically shows another illustrative example of a system in which an end device is located in an area associated with a digital billboard, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 3  schematically shows an illustrative example of a system in which an end device is located in an area associated with multiple digital billboards, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 4  shows a schematic block diagram illustrating an example architecture of a server for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic block diagram illustrating an example architecture of an end device for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 6  shows an example flow diagram of a process performed under control of a server for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 7  shows an example flow diagram of a process performed under control of an end device for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates computer program product that may be utilized to provide an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein; and 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device that may be utilized to provide an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the drawings, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein. 
     This disclosure is generally drawn, inter alia, to methods, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products related to an audio playing scheme for digital billboard systems. 
     Technologies are generally described for a digital billboard system configured to provide media content, such as, for example, one or more still photographs, an advertisement, a commercial, a movie trailer, etc., on a digital billboard. While all of the foregoing examples, and more, of visual media content are contemplated by the embodiments described herein, the description will reference “video data” but not to exclusion of the foregoing examples. In some embodiments, the digital billboard system may provide audio data corresponding to video data being played on the digital billboard to a user (e.g., a driver, a passenger or a pedestrian carrying his/her end device) when the user enters into a predetermined area relative to the digital billboard. In some embodiments, the predetermined area relative to the digital billboard may be an area in which the user may be able to see the video data being displayed on the digital billboard. 
     In some embodiments, the end device may receive synchronization information between the video data and the audio data, and play the audio data by using the synchronization information. In some embodiments, the audio data may be transmitted together with a promotion coupon. Also, the audio data may be transmitted only to an end device that has subscribed to a digital billboard service provided by the digital billboard system. 
     In some embodiments, a server, which may transmit the audio data to the end device, may transmit the video data to the digital billboard in real time. In such cases, the server may transmit to the end device information regarding displaying of the video data, as synchronization information. In some alternative embodiments, the server may transmit the video data to a buffer, and the buffer may store the video data and transmit or relay the video data to the digital billboard. In such cases, the digital billboard may receive the video data from the buffer and play the received video data. The digital billboard may transmit to the buffer information regarding the playing of the video data that is currently being displayed, and the buffer may transmit or relay to the end device the received information, as synchronization information. Accordingly, the user may experience the audio-visual contents. 
     In some embodiments, the end device may be located in an area relative to multiple digital billboards. In such cases, the end device may receive and display audio data of contents played on one of the multiple digital billboards at which the end device is currently aiming. The end device may determine aiming information regarding a direction at which the end device is currently aiming, by using a sensor such as, for example, a GPS (global positioning system) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the user, who has been viewing the media content displayed on the one digital billboard, may try to view other media content displayed on another digital billboard. In such cases, the user may change the direction of the end device, and perform a predetermined action such as, for example, pushing a predetermined key, speaking a predetermined phrase, or making a predetermined gesture, etc. Then, the end device may receive and play audio data of the contents being played in the newly-aimed digital billboard. 
       FIG. 1  schematically shows an illustrative example of a system in which an end device is located in an area associated with a digital billboard, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. As depicted in  FIG. 1 , a system  100  may include a server  105 , a digital billboard  110 , a network  120  and an end device  130 . 
     As depicted in  FIG. 1 , server  105  may transmit video data to digital billboard  110 , so that digital billboard  110  may display the video data thereon. Digital billboard  110  may define Area  1 , a user located in which may be able to see the video data being displayed on digital billboard  110 . In some embodiment, once end device  130  enters into Area  1  relative to digital billboard  110 , end device  130  may transmit a control signal including location information of end device  130  to server  105  via network  120 . Examples of server  105  may include, but are not limited to, an application server, a standalone server, a web server, and any other devices having signal receiving capability, data identifying capability, data transmitting capability, and communication capability. Examples of digital billboard  110  may include, but are not limited to, a cathode ray tube display, a light-emitting diode display, an electroluminescent display, an electronic paper, a plasma display panel, a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, an interferometric modulator display, and any other devices having visual media content displaying capability and communication capability. Examples of network  120  may include, but are not limited to, a computer network, an internet, a telephone network, a TCT/IP data network (wide area networks, metropolitan area networks, local area networks, campus area networks, virtual private networks), and any other devices having communication capability. Examples of end device  130  may include, but are not limited to, a smartphone, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet, a mobile game console, a car audio device, a navigation device, and any other devices having audio playing capability, location information identifying capability, and communication capability. 
     In some embodiments, based on the location information of end device  130  included in the control signal received from end device  130 , server  105  may transmit to end device  130  audio data corresponding to the video data being currently displayed on digital billboard  110 . In such cases, a data communication channel may be used for transmitting the audio data. Alternatively, a voice communication channel or a communications protocol such as a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) may also be used. In some embodiments, the audio data may be transmitted to end device  130  based at least in part on data streaming. In some embodiments, if the data communication channel is used, preloading of the audio data on end device  130  may be possible. Thus, server  105  may transmit the audio data to end device  130  together with synchronization information. In such cases, end device  130  may store the audio data received from server  105  in a buffer and play the audio data by using the received synchronization information. 
       FIG. 2  schematically shows another illustrative example of a system in which an end device is located in an area associated with a digital billboard, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. As depicted in  FIG. 2 , a system  200  may include a server  105 , a digital billboard  110 , a network  120 , an end device  130  and a buffer  210 . In  FIG. 2 , similar elements to those shown in  FIG. 1  are indicated with similar reference numerals, and thus a description thereof will be omitted for the sake of simplicity. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 2 , buffer  210  may store video data therein. Digital billboard  110  may receive the video data from buffer  210  and display the video data. In some embodiments, buffer  210  may transmit to server  105  a time stamp indicating the displaying of the video data, so that server  105  may use the time stamp for synchronization between the video data and audio data to be transmitted to end device  130 . In some embodiments, buffer  210  may periodically transmit the time stamp to server  105 , transmit the time stamp every time starting to display new video data, or transmit the time stamp when server  105  requests the time stamp. Upon receiving from end device  130  a control signal including location information of end device  130 , server  105  may identify the video data being displayed on digital billboard  110  based at least in part on the time stamp received from buffer  210 . 
     In some embodiments, in order to minimize data traffic, server  105  may be located in a place near Area  1 , or may be located within digital billboard  110 . 
     In some embodiments, once end device  130  may receive the audio signal from server  105  and transmit a confirmation signal to server  105 , server  105  may issue a promotion coupon in real time and send the promotion coupon to end device  130 . The promotion coupon may promote subscribers to digital billboard  110 . 
     In some embodiments, server  105  may receive from end device  130  identification information of end device  130  for subscription to digital billboard  110 , and register end device  130  in an end device list of digital billboard  110 . By way of example, but not limitation, the identification information received from end device  130  may include video images captured by a camera corresponding to end device  130 , a shape of a frame of digital billboard  110 , a shape of a building around digital billboard  110 , a code attached to digital billboard  110  or the periphery thereof, location information of end device  130 , or others. In some embodiments, after receiving the control signal from end device  130 , server  105  may transmit the audio data only to the registered end device  130  with reference to the end device list. 
       FIG. 3  schematically shows an illustrative example of a system in which an end device is located in an area associated with multiple digital billboards, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. As depicted in  FIG. 3 , a system  300  may include a first digital billboard  305 , a second digital billboard  310  and an end device  130 . 
     As depicted in  FIG. 3 , end device  130  may be located in an area relative to multiple digital billboards, e.g., first digital billboard  305  and second digital billboard  310 . Although  FIG. 3  illustrates end device  130  located in an area relative to two digital billboards, it should be appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art that end device  130  may be located in an area relative to three or more digital billboards. 
     In some embodiments, end device  130  may transmit to server  105  aiming information, which may be information regarding a direction at which end device  130  is currently aiming, together with a control signal. End device  130  may generate or determine the aiming information by using a sensor such as, for example, a GPS sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or a gyroscope. Upon receiving the control signal including the aiming information, server  105  may transmit to end device  130  audio data corresponding to a digital billboard at which end device  130  is currently aiming (i.e., first digital billboard  305 ), based at least in part on the received aiming information. 
     In some embodiments, server  105  may transmit audio data corresponding to all relevant digital billboards (i.e., digital billboards  305 ,  310 ) to end device  130 . Upon receiving the audio data, end device  130  may select and play audio data corresponding to a digital billboard at which end device  130  is currently aiming (i.e., first digital billboard  305 ). 
     In some alternative embodiments, end device  130  may select one of digital billboards  305 ,  310  in the area where end device  130  is located in a random manner or based on user preference or past records of end device  130  instead of using the aiming information, and play audio data corresponding to the selected digital billboard. 
     In some embodiments, when end device  130  requests a change of digital billboard during playing of the audio data corresponding to first digital billboard  305  while aiming at second digital billboard  310 , server  105  may send to end device  130  audio data corresponding to second digital billboard  310 . In such cases, end device  130  may play the audio data corresponding to video data being played in second digital billboard  310 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a schematic block diagram illustrating an example architecture of a server for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. 
     As depicted, server  105  may include a signal receiving unit  410 , an identifying unit  420  and an audio transmitting unit  430 . In some embodiments, optionally, server  105  may further include a video transmitting unit  440  and/or a registering unit  450 . Although illustrated as discrete components, various components may be divided into additional components, combined into fewer components, or eliminated altogether while being contemplated within the scope of the disclosed subject matter. 
     Signal receiving unit  410  may be configured to receive, from end device  130 , a control signal indicating that end device  130  is located in a predetermined area relative to digital billboard  110 . In some embodiments, the predetermined area relative to digital billboard  110  may be an area in which a user of end device  130  may be able to view contents displayed on digital billboard  110 . 
     Identifying unit  420  may be configured to identify video data being currently displayed on digital billboard  110  and audio data corresponding to the video data. Since the control signal received by signal receiving unit  410  may include location information of end device  130 , identifying unit  420  may use the location information to identify the video data being currently displayed on digital billboard  110  and audio data corresponding to the video data. 
     Audio transmitting unit  430  may be configured to transmit the audio data to end device  130  based at least in part on the control signal received by signal receiving unit  410 . In some embodiments, audio transmitting unit  430  may transmit to end device  130  information regarding synchronization between the video data and the audio data. In some embodiments, audio transmitting unit  430  may transmit to end device  130  a promotion coupon with the audio data. 
     In some embodiments, signal receiving unit  410  may receive a control signal indicating that end device  130  is located in an area relative to multiple digital billboards. In such cases, the control signal may include aiming information indicating which one of the multiple digital billboards end device  130  currently aims at. In such cases, audio transmitting unit  430  may transmit to end device  130  audio data corresponding to a digital billboard at which end device  130  is currently aiming, based at least in part on the received aiming information. 
     In some alternative embodiments, when signal receiving unit  410  receives the control signal indicating that end device  130  is located in the area relative to multiple digital billboards, audio transmitting unit  430  may transmit to end device  130  audio data corresponding to all relevant digital billboards. Upon receiving the audio data, end device  130  may select and play audio data corresponding to one of the multiple digital billboards at which end device  130  is currently aiming. 
     Video transmitting unit  440  may be configured to transmit the video data to digital billboard  110 . In some embodiments, video transmitting unit  440  may transmit the video data to digital billboard  110  in real time. In some alternative embodiments, video transmitting unit  440  may be configured to transmit video data to buffer  210 , so that buffer  210  may store the video data and provide the video data to digital billboard  110 . When buffer  210  transmits the video data to digital billboard  110  to be displayed thereon, signal receiving unit  410  may receive from buffer  210  a time stamp indicating the displaying of the video data, and identifying unit  420  may identify the currently played video data based at least in part on the time stamp. 
     In some embodiments, signal receiving unit  410  may receive from end device  130  identification information corresponding to digital billboard  110 . By way of example, but not limitation, the identification information received from end device  130  may include video images captured by a camera corresponding to end device  130 , a shape of a frame of digital billboard  110 , a shape of a building located near digital billboard  110 , a code attached to digital billboard  110  or the periphery thereof, or location information of end device  130 . 
     In some embodiments, registering unit  450  may be configured to register end device  130  in an end device list based at least in part on the identification information. In some embodiments, audio transmitting unit  430  may transmit the audio data based at least in part on the end device list. 
       FIG. 5  shows a schematic block diagram illustrating an example architecture of an end device for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, arranged in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. 
     As depicted, end device  130  may include a determining unit  510 , a transmitting unit  520 , a receiving unit  530  and a player  540 . Although illustrated as discrete components, various components may be divided into additional components, combined into fewer components, or eliminated altogether while being contemplated within the scope of the disclosed subject matter. 
     Determining unit  510  may be configured to determine whether end device  130  is located in a predetermined area relative to digital billboard  110 . 
     Transmitting unit  520  may be configured to transmit, to signal receiving unit  410  of server  105 , a control signal indicating that end device  130  is located in the predetermined area relative to digital billboard  110 . 
     Receiving unit  530  may be configured to receive, from audio transmitting unit  430  of server  105 , audio data corresponding to video data being currently displayed on digital billboard  110 . In some embodiments, receiving unit  530  may receive, from audio transmitting unit  430 , information regarding synchronization between the video data and the audio data. Player  540  may be configured to play the audio data. 
     In some embodiments, when end device  130  is located in an area relative to multiple digital billboards, transmitting unit  520  may transmit, to signal receiving unit  410  of server  105 , aiming information, which may indicate a direction at which end device  130  is currently aimed, together with the control signal. 
     In some embodiments, when receiving unit  530  receives audio data corresponding to all relevant digital billboards, player  540  may select and play audio data corresponding to a digital billboard at which end device  130  is currently aiming. In some embodiments, player  540  may select one of the multiple digital billboards in a random manner, or based on user preference or past records for end device  130  without the using the aiming information, and play audio data corresponding thereto. 
       FIG. 6  shows an example flow diagram of a process performed under control of a server for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. The process in  FIG. 6  may be implemented in or by server  105 , which may include signal receiving unit  410 , identifying unit  420 , and audio transmitting unit  430  discussed above. An example process may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more blocks S 600 , S 610 , S 620  and/or S 630 . Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Processing may begin at block S 600 . 
     At block S 600  (Receiving Control Signal), server  105  may receive, from an end device (e.g., end device  130 ), a control signal configured to indicate that end device  130  is located in a predetermined area relative to a digital billboard. In some embodiments, but not as a limitation, the control signal may have location information of end device  130 . Processing may continue from block S 600  to block S 610 . 
     At block S 610  (Identifying Video Data), server  105  may identify video data being currently displayed on the digital billboard. Processing may continue from block S 610  to block S 620 . 
     At block S 620  (Determining Audio Data), server  105  may determine audio data corresponding the video data being currently displayed on the digital billboard. Processing may continue from block S 620  to block S 630 . 
     At block S 630  (Transmitting Audio Data), server  105  may transmit the audio data to end device  130  based on the control signal. In some embodiments, the server  105  may also transmit synchronization information between the video data and the audio data to end device  130 . 
       FIG. 7  shows an example flow diagram of a process performed under control of an end device for providing an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. The method in  FIG. 7  may be implemented in or by end device  130 , which may include determining unit  510 , transmitting unit  520 , receiving unit  530 , and player  540  discussed above. An example process may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more blocks S 700 , S 710 , S 720  and/or S 730 . Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Processing may begin at block S 700 . 
     At block S 700  (Determining Whether End Device is Located in Predetermined Area Relative to Digital Billboard), end device  130  may determine whether end device  130  is located in a predetermined area relative to one or more digital billboards. Processing may continue from block S 700  to block S 710 . 
     At block S 710  (Transmitting Control Signal), end device  130  may transmit to server  105  a control signal configured to indicate that end device  130  is located in the predetermined area relative to one or more digital billboards. In some embodiments, the control signal may include aiming information regarding a direction at which end device  130  is currently aiming Processing may continue from block S 710  to block S 720 . 
     At block S 720  (Receiving Audio Data), end device  130  may receive from server  105  audio data corresponding to video data being currently displayed on one or more digital billboards. In some embodiments, end device  130  may be in a predetermined area of multiple digital billboards. In such cases, end device  130  may receive from server  105  audio data corresponding to all relevant digital billboards (e.g., digital billboards  305  and  310 ). Alternatively, end device  130  may receive from server  105  audio data selected by server  105  based at least in part on the aiming information. In some embodiments, end device  130  may receive synchronization information between the video data and the audio data. In some embodiments, end device  130  may receive the audio data based at least in part on data streaming. Processing may continue from block S 720  to block S 730 . 
     At block S 730  (Playing Audio Data), end device  130  may play the audio data corresponding to the video data being currently displayed on the digital billboard. In the above-mentioned cases where end device  130  receives from server  105  audio data corresponding to all relevant digital billboards, end device  130  may select and play audio data corresponding to a digital billboard at which end device  130  is currently aiming In some embodiments, end device  130  may play the audio data based at least in part on the synchronization information received from server  105 . 
     One skilled in the art will appreciate that, for this and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the functions performed in the processes and methods may be implemented in differing order. Furthermore, the outlined steps and operations are only provided as examples, and some of the steps and operations may be optional, combined into fewer steps and operations, or expanded into additional steps and operations without detracting from the essence of the disclosed embodiments. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates computer program product that may be utilized to provide an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. Computer program product  800  may include a signal bearing medium  802 . Signal bearing medium  802  may include one or more instructions  804  that, when executed by, for example, a processor, may provide the functionality described above with respect to  FIGS. 1-7 . By way of example, instructions  804  may include: one or more instructions for receiving from an end device, a control signal configured to indicate that the end device is located in a first predetermined area relative to a first digital billboard; one or more instructions for identifying first video data currently displayed on the first digital billboard; one or more instructions for determining first audio data corresponding to the first video data; and one or more instructions for transmitting the first audio data to the end device based on the control signal. Thus, for example, referring to  FIG. 4 , server  105  may undertake one or more of the blocks shown in  FIG. 6  in response to instructions  804 . 
     In some implementations, signal bearing medium  802  may encompass a computer-readable medium  806 , including, but not limited to, a hard disk drive (HDD), a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a digital tape, memory, etc. In some implementations, signal bearing medium  802  may encompass a recordable medium  808 , including, but not limited to, memory, read/write (R/W) CDs, R/W DVDs, etc. In some implementations, signal bearing medium  802  may encompass a communications medium  810 , including, but not limited to, a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communication link, a wireless communication link, etc.). Thus, for example, program product  800  may be conveyed to one or more modules of server  105  by an RF signal bearing medium  804 , where the signal bearing medium  804  is conveyed by a wireless communications medium  810  (e.g., a wireless communications medium conforming with the IEEE 802.11 standard). 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device  900  that may be utilized to provide an audio playing scheme for a digital billboard system, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. In a very basic configuration  902 , computing device  900  typically includes one or more processors  904  and a system memory  906 . A memory bus  908  may be used for communicating between processor  904  and system memory  906 . 
     Depending on the desired configuration, processor  904  may be of any type including but not limited to a microprocessor (μP), a microcontroller (μC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or any combination thereof. Processor  904  may include one or more levels of caching, such as a level one cache  910  and a level two cache  912 , a processor core  914 , and registers  916 . An example processor core  914  may include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a floating point unit (FPU), a digital signal processing core (DSP core), or any combination thereof. An example memory controller  918  may also be used with processor  904 , or in some implementations, memory controller  918  may be an internal part of processor  904 . 
     Depending on the desired configuration, system memory  906  may be of any type including but not limited to volatile memory (such as RAM), nonvolatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or any combination thereof. System memory  906  may include an operating system  920 , one or more applications  922 , and program data  924 . Application  922  may include instructions  926  that may be arranged to perform the functions as described herein including the actions described with respect to the server  105  architecture as shown in  FIG. 4  or including the actions described with respect to the flow charts shown in  FIG. 6 . In some examples, application  922  may be arranged to operate with program data  924  on an operating system  920  such that implementations for instructions for an electronic device as described herein. 
     Computing device  900  may have additional features or functionality, and additional interfaces to facilitate communications between basic configuration  902  and any required devices and interfaces. For example, a bus/interface controller  930  may be used to facilitate communications between basic configuration  902  and one or more data storage devices  932  via a storage interface bus  934 . Data storage devices  932  may be removable storage devices  936 , non-removable storage devices  938 , or a combination thereof. Examples of removable storage and non-removable storage devices include magnetic disk devices such as flexible disk drives and hard-disk drives (HDD), optical disk drives such as compact disk (CD) drives or digital versatile disk (DVD) drives, solid state drives (SSD), and tape drives to name a few. Example computer storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. 
     System memory  906 , removable storage devices  936  and non-removable storage devices  938  are examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which may be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by computing device  900 . Any such computer storage media may be part of computing device  900 . 
     Computing device  900  may also include an interface bus  940  for facilitating communication from various interface devices (e.g., output devices  942 , peripheral interfaces  944 , and communication devices  946 ) to basic configuration  902  via bus/interface controller  930 . Example output devices  942  include a graphics processing unit  948  and an audio processing unit  950 , which may be configured to communicate to various external devices such as a display or speakers via one or more A/V ports  952 . Example peripheral interfaces  944  include a serial interface controller  954  or a parallel interface controller  956 , which may be configured to communicate with external devices such as input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc.) or other peripheral devices (e.g., printer, scanner, etc.) via one or more I/O ports  958 . An example communication device  946  includes a network controller  960 , which may be arranged to facilitate communications with one or more other computing devices  962  over a network communication link via one or more communication ports  964 . 
     The network communication link may be one example of a communication media. Communication media may typically be embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media. A “modulated data signal” may be a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media may include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR) and other wireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein may include both storage media and communication media. 
     Computing device  900  may be implemented as a portion of a small-form factor portable (or mobile) electronic device such as a cell phone, a personal data assistant (PDA), a personal media player device, a wireless web-watch device, a personal headset device, an application specific device, or a hybrid device that include any of the above functions. Computing device  900  may also be implemented as a personal computer including both laptop computer and non-laptop computer configurations. 
     The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. 
     With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. 
     It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general, such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general, such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 
     In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group. 
     As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth. 
     From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.