Patent Publication Number: US-3876421-A

Title: Process for desulfurization of molten pig iron

Description:
Umted States Patent 1191 1111 3,876,421 Takemura 1 Apr. 8, 1975 [5 PROCESS FOR DESULFURIZATION F 2.863.755 12/1958 Kurzinski 75/58 MOLTEN PIG IRON 2.870.004 1/1959 Estes 75/51 2.979.393 4/1961 Hever 75/51 Inventor: Yozo Takemura,Toka1. Jap 3.158.913 12/1964 Bolkcom 75/58 3.350.196 10/1967 Bashford 75/52 [73] corpmmn Tokyo 3.473.917 10/1969 Micha elis 75/52 3.556.773 1/1971 Grenfell 75/52 22 Filed: No 5 973 3.622.302 11/1971 Hayashi 75/58 3.704.230 11/1972 Loricc-hio 75/58 [21] App]. No.1 412,766 3.768.999 /1973 Ohkubo 75/58 Fmeign Applicafion Priority Data Primary Examiner-L. Dewayne Rutledge Nov 9 1972 h an 47411636 Assistant Examiner-Peter 1D. Rosenberg F b 5 1973 Japan 480&#39;s Attorney. Agent. or Firm-Toren, McGeady and e p stanger [52] US. Cl. /58; 75/51; 75/53 [51] Int. Cl C21c 7/02 [57] ABSTRACT Fleld of Search 51. A process for desulfurization of molten iron, which 75/52 comprises mixing calcium carbide with a gas generating substance and adding the mixture into the molten [56] References and pig iron with a carrier gas.  
  UNITED STATES PATENTS 2.577.764 12/1951 Hulme 75/51 5 3 Draw figures PATENIE RRsR&#39;Ts DESULFURIZATION REACTION 3,876,421 sumlu z F I G. I  
  BEFORE TREATMENT AFTER TREATMENT. 5&#39;15 3 0.03% s=o.o1% a CC 55 10 A DJ C 2 5 L L1 E b5 0.1 0.3 0.5 07 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 (mmI SIZE OF DESULFURIZING AGENT (mm) FIG.2  
 CARBIDE +I5% COKE POWDER +85% LIME STONE.  
 BEFORE TREATMENT AFTER TREATMENT MIXING RATIO OF CARRIER GAS 3% CI 0.5 I.O I.5  
 SIZE OF DESULFURIZING AGENT (mm) PATENTEUAFR 819 73 sum 2 or g AONEIIOIi-El NOLLVZIHFH&#39;IDSHU PROCESS FOR DESULFURIZATION OF MOLTEN PIG IRON The present invention relates to a process for desulfurization of molten pig iron.  
  In the conventional process for desulfurization of molten pig iron, calcium carbide has been hitherto added. The desulfurization shows a reaction efficiency of to percent when it is added through a carrier gas and of to percent when it is mechanically agitated for desulfurization, for example, by an impeller. Thus, the reaction efficiency is particularly low with carrier gas.  
  The present invention provides an excellent method to improve the efficiency when a carrier gas is used and is characterized by (l) a process for desulfurization of molten pig iron in which calcium carbide having a particle size of of about 10 mm or less is mixed with a gas generating substance and added to the molten pig iron through a carrier gas; (2) a process for desulfurization of molten pig iron, in which carbide is mixed with a gas generating substance and added to the molten pig iron through a carrier gas, having a reducing gas therein; (3) a process for desulfurization of molten pig iron, in which a granulated desulfurizing agent, made of carbide mixed with a gas generating substance is added to the molten pig iron; (4) a process for desulfurization of molten pig iron, in which petroleum substances are added to the molten pig iron to promote the desulfurization; and (5) a desulfurizing agent for molten pig iron composed of calcium carbide mixed with a gas generating substance, in which 10 to 50 percent of said carbide is admixed with a foaming gas.  
  The present invention shall be explained in detail, referring to the drawings, in which FIG. l is a diagram, showing the relation of the size of the desulfurizing agent (carbide) to the desulfurization effect;  
  FIG. 2 is a diagram, showing the relation of the size of the sulfurizing agent and the ratio of mixing in the carrier gas (including the gas generating substance) to the desulfurization efficiency; and  
  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relation between the ratio of the desulfurizing agent, mixed with the carrier gas (foaming gas) and the desulfurization efficiency.  
 According to the result of various investigations made by the present inventors on the relation between the desulfurization reaction and the desulfurizing agent (carbide), as shown in FIG. 1, carbide having a particle size of 0.5 to 1.1 mm shows the increase of the desulfurization efficiency, but it is not possible to improve the desulfurization efficiency when sizes different from those shown in the drawing are used. For particle sizes of about 1.1 mm or above, the surface of the desulfurizingagent becomes small and the area to be contacted with molten pig iron becomes small, so that it is natural that the desulfurization efficiency is decreased. Though it is a common-sense view that if the size becomes about 0.5 mm or below, the desulfurization effect is improved by the large area per unit weight of contact with the molten pig iron, the efficiency is decreased as shown in the drawing when the size of the desulfurizing agent becomes about 0.5 mm or below. We have found that it is due to the following reason:  
  When the desulfurizing agent is blown (added) into the molten pig iron through a carrier gas, it is desirable to introduce the agent in the bottom part of the vessel in order to increase the efficiency by elongation of the contact time with the molten pig iron. The time depends upon the capacity of the vessel, but it generally takes about 1.0 sec. for the foam of carrier gas to be floated from the point at which it is blown in to the surface of the molten pig iron. It is necessary that the desulfurizing agent, blown in through the carrier gas, is sufficiently contacted with the molten pig iron during this time. However, a large amount of the desulfurizing agent, blown in through the carrier gas enters, enter into the foam of the carrier gas and some of the desulfurizing agents in the foam reach the peripheral part of the foam under their own weight in the process of floating toward the surface of the molten pig iron, while the others remain in the foam and continue to be floated up. Therefore, the desulfurizing agent for contact with the molten pig iron diminishes, so that the desulfurization efficiency is decreased.  
  That is to say, particle size range which enables the the movement of the agent toward the periphery of the foam by its own weight, is 0.5 to 1.1 mm. If the size is about 0.5 mm or below, the agent floats in the foam and comes to the surface of the molten pig iron without contacting the molten pig iron. Consequently, the desulfurization efficiency can be significantly increased if the floating foam is broken and the desulfurizing agent in the foam is fully contacted with the molten pig iron.  
  Therefore, the desulfurizing agent is mixed with a foam breaking substance. For example, a substance which generates gas when treated and is added i.e., blown into in the molten pig iron through a carrier gas, whereby gas can be generated in the molten pig iron from the gas generating substance contained in the foam, and the foam may be: expanded and thus broken (exploded), so that the desulfurizing agent, contained in the foam is fully contacted with the molten pig iron to increase the desulfurization efficiency; For the gas generating substance, a reducing agent, for example, petroleum substances, such as heavy oil, tar or the like, cokes, Al powders or polyester, are mixed in a C0 gas generating substance, such as, limestone or MgCO to convert CO to CO (a reducing gas). Thus, oxidation of the surface of the desulfurizing agent can be prevented by C0 so that the desulfurization efficiency can be increased. The quantity to be added in the desulfurizing agent is 7 to 20 percent. To break the foam, a mixing ratio with the carrier gas as explained below is used. The mixture of the desulfurizing agent and the gas generating substance can sufficiently break the foam in the molten pig iron when the mixing ratio with the carrier gas, i.e.:  
 Quantity of CO, generated from the desulfurizing agent/min.  
  x Quantity of carrier gas/min.  
 is from 10 to 50 percent. If the quantity (ratio) of the gas generating substance to be added in the desulfurizing agent is about 7 percent or below, the quantity of gas generated is not enough. It can scarcely expand the foam and sometimes it becomes impossible to break the foam. If the ratio is about 20 percent or above, the flame or boiling becomes vehement and the operation become dangerous. Accordingly, when the amount of gas generating substance is 20 percent, the ratio of the carrier gas mixed with the gas generating substance, including the desulfurizing agent, is about 50 percent or below in order to break the foam fully. The desulfurization efficiency can be increased as shown in FIG. 2, when the mixing ratio with the carrier gas is about percent or above. Moreover, according to the present invention, the desulfurization can be efficiently performed by adding the desulfurizing agent through the carrier gas. Such excellent desulfurization effects can be brought about easily and simply.  
  The relation of the mixing ratio of the desulfurizing agent and the carrier gas (foaming gas) to the desulfurization efficiency is shown in FIG. 3.  
  If such a gas generating substance is mixed to generate gas in the molten pig iron, carbide is oxidized by C0 gas in the reaction: CaC CO Ca0 CO and becomes less active for the desulfurization reaction. The desulfurization efficiency thus is sometimes decreased.  
  In this case, if a reducing gas, such as, H CH C l-L, or CQHB is contained in the carrier gas and the carbide, mixed with the beforementioned gas generating substance is carried in the molten pig iron, CO generated in the molten pig iron is reduced in the reaction of CO reducing gas CO. The carbide can be prevented from the surface oxidization of CO gas. The surface of carbide, dispersed in the molten pig iron by the breaking of the foam, can be contacted with the molten pig iron in the active condition, so that the desulfurization reaction may be significantly improved. If the reducing gas is used in this manner according to the present invention, the reaction of CO reduction CO is instantaneously carried out as compared with the case of a solid substance, such as C, used as the reducing agent. Therefore, carbide is almost not oxidized and the desulfurization effect can be largely improved.  
  Further, the present inventors have found that when calcium carbide, a desulfurizing agent, is granulated after mixing with a gas generating substance and added to the molten pig iron, gas is generated by the heat of the molten pig iron to pulverize or explode the desulfurizing agent in the molten pig iron, whereby the area of the desulfurizing agent, contacted with the molten pig iron is increased, so that the desulfurization efficiency can be improved.  
  Further, the present inventors have learned that when carbide is added through the carrier gas, the carbide, blown in the molten pig iron, is confined in the bubble of the carrier gas and often comes to the surface of the molten pig iron without taking part in the desulfurization reaction, so that the yield ofthe desulfurizing agent is sometimes decreased.  
  The present inventors have found that in order to eliminate such a difficulty advantageously, a process, in which petroleum substances are added with carbide into the molten pig iron, is favourable in the case of carbide being added to the molten pig iron for desulfurization.  
  For the petroleum substance to be used according to the present invention, any such substance in the form of a gas, liquid and solids will do. Gases, such as, propane, butane liquids, such as, heavy oil, tar, kerosene, naphtha, solids, and such as, polyethylene, and vinyl chloride may be used.  
  When a solid is used, it is divided into fine particles of about 0.1 mm or below and mixed with carbide so that the desulfurization effect can be improved.  
  It seems that the petroleum substance has C and H as the main ingredient and when it is added in molten pig iron, a cracked gas (H is first generated at the temperature, whereby the oxide film is peeled from the carbide to expose the surface, which possesses a high activity and this surface is contacted with the molten pig iron to improve the desulfurization effect.  
  The carbide is covered with the cracked gas (H to interrupt the reaction of N 0 and carbide, so that the change of CaC C210 and CaCN does not occur. Further, when it is added in the molten pig iron through the carrier gas, the foam is broken by the cracked gas (H of the petroleum substance and the carbide, contained in the foam, is contacted with the molten pig iron to react, whereby the desulfurization effect can be improved.  
  Accordingly, the quantity of petroleum substance to be added may be so determined as to be 0.04 to 1.0 percent, computed on the basis of the quantity ,of H gas to be generated Quantity of H generated from the petroleum substance Kg Quantity of carbide Kg whereby the desulfurization efficiency can be advantageously increased.  
  If it is less than about 0.04 percent, the quantity of H gas (cracked gas) generated is very small and the improved effect will not be obtained. If it is about 1.0 percent or above, the cracked gas (H is increased,&#39;and flaming and boiling becomes vehement, and is dangerous.  
 Examples of the inventive process are as follows:  
 Quantity of Rate of Sulphur Sulfur in Reaction I D Si f s q s s n molten molten P f tive furizing desul- Ratio of mixing Carrier 22?. as. 203:2&#34;... 2:20.132 i gazi w s gas u s a in molten in molten sulfurizazation g bidg an pig iron a6 pig iron tion 5 7 calcium 0.5 mm CaCO 15 N kg/t-pig kg/t-min. carbide 2.5 0.1 0.03 0.01 19 8 1.0 MgCO l Q04 g 9 0.3 CaCO 10 Ar 4.1 5 0 M O .26 .3% 3 10 01 C550} 10 N Compara- 1.2 0.2 0.04 0.015 32 10 tive 4.7 0.15 0.03 0.01 10 examples 1 -1 8 -9 g carbide singly N l I I I! I! 9.5 0.33 0.02 5 7 0.3 Ca CO N 8 0.1 MgCO 10 Note 1: The molten pig iron of 1200C was filled in a ladle and blown in under 15 the surface of molten pig iron. Note 2: The ratio to carrier gas is the volumetric ratio of the mixture of a desulfurizing agent and a gas generating substance. thrown in the carrier gas:  
 Quantitv of CO gas. generated from the gas generating substance/min.  
  Quantity of carrier gas/min. x Note 3: The reaction efficiency is:  
 Quantity of CaQ, taking part in the desulfurization reaction Quantity of CaC to he added K Ratio of Dcsult&#39;urization reaction Unit of Reaction addition desulfuriefficiency in reducing S before de- S after de- Zing agent gas and sulfurization sulfurization carrier gas CH, l0 /1 0.03 0.01 2.0 kg/t-plg 20.5 C H 5 0.05 0.015 3.0 31.5 0.03 0.01 1.5 35.5 0.05 0.015 2.7 34.5 0.03 0.01 4.5 1 1.8 0.05 0.015 6.0 15.5 0.03 0.01 5.5 9.7 0.05 0.015 8.0 11.6  
 Note  
 The molten pig iron of [200C was filled in a ladle and blown in umder the surface of molten pig iron.  
 Ratio of gas generating substance. added to carbide Size of gas generating substance after addition below 0.2 mm  
 0.2 to 1.0 mm  
 Quantity of Sulphur in Sulphur in Reaction desulfurizing molten pig iron I molten pig effiagent before desulfuriiron after deciency zation sulfurization l.5 kg/t-pig 0.03 0.0l6 25 2.0 0.04 0.017 30 2.5 0.008 35 Note 1:  
 The molten pig iron of l250C was filled in a ladle (250 t) and added with the above mentioned desulfurizing agent as the molten pig iron being agitated by an impeller at 80 r.p.m. Note 2:  
 The desulfurizing agent was added at the almost uniform rate of addition for 10 minutes. In all cases. the molten pig iron was agitated by an impeller for l6 minutes l 5 after the beginning of the addition.  
 Inventive Desulfurizing Size ofdesul- Mixing ratio of a gas Quantity of gas examples agent furizing agent generating substance and generating a reducing gas generating substance. added substance to carbide l5 calcium carbide 0.05 mm lime stone 90 k 6 74 polyester l l6 0.l0 MgCO 80 15 plastic 20 I7 0.30 dolomite 85 ll coke particle: l l8 0.0l polyester 1 I00 18 I9 0.5 soda ash 93 oil 7 Comparative example Ratio of mixing in Quantity of desul- Rate of de- 5 in molten S in molten Reaction carrier gas furizing agent. sulfurizing ig lron pig iron efficiency (foaming gas) added to molten agent to be Before deafter depig iron added sulfuriwsulfurizagas generest: tion tion rating carrier kglt-pig kg/t-min. substance gas 10 2.5 0.1 0.03 ,4 0.0l 1 l9 Z 30 2.7 0.2 0.04 0.0l5 23 50 4.1 0.3 0.005 40 LS 0.06 0.02 25 L0 0.5 0.03 0.0l 40 4.7 0. l 5 0.03 0.0l l0 Note I:  
 The molten pig iron of I200C was filled in a ladle (250 t) and the desulfurizing agent was blown in under the surface of the molten pig iron.  
 Note 2:  
 N was used for the carrier gas (foaaming gas).  
 Dusulfuri- S in molten S in molten Desulfurization efficiency zation pig iron pig iron CaC taking part in method hcfme afler desulfurization reaction sulfurizadcsulfuri- X 100 tion ration added CaC addition 0.0287: 0.012 21.37: with carrier gas 0.033 0.006 50.0 0.040 0.010 40.0 agitation 0.035 0.005 36.2 0.030 0.005 44.0  
 addition 0.028 0.01 1 10.8 with carrier gas 0.040 0.020 13.3 agitation 0.030 0.01 1 17.0  
 Note I:  
 The addition with carrier gas, shown in the column desulfurization method&#34;. means that a desulfurizing agent (calcium carbide) was carried with N2 gas. the carrier gas. to be added into the molten pig iron. The agitation shows that the molten pig iron is mechanically agitated by an impeller and added with a desulfurizing agent to further the contact with the molten pig iron.  
 Note 2:  
 In the examples 20, 21 and 22. the petroleum substances and the desulturizing agent (carbide) were added. The petroleum substance in the example 23 was pulverized an average of 0.1 mm and mixed with carbide to be added.  
 The molten pig iron was dusull&#39;urilctl at 11201..  
 What is claimed is: to the mixture. 1. A process for desulfurizing molten pig iron com- 25 3. The process of claim 2 wherein the ratio of amount prising introducing a mixture of calcium carbide and a of carbon dioxide generated to carrier gas is from 10 to solid material selected from the group consisting of 50 percent polyethylene, vinyl chloride, and polyester, in a carrier 4. A process according to l i 1, i whi h the partig to the molten P g irOncle size of the calcium carbide is from 0.5 to 1.1 mm. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein a substance which 5. A process according to claim 1, in which H CH generates carbon dioxide selected from the group con- C l-l or C l-l is contained in the carrier gas. sisting of limestone and magnesium carbonate is added Notice of Adverse Decision in Interference In Interference No. 99,220, involving Patent No. 3,876,421, Y. Takemura, PROCESS FOR DESULFURIZATION OF MOLTEN PIG IRON, final judgment adverse to the patentee Was rendered Oct. 12, 1976, as to claims 1 and 2.  
 [Oyfioial Gazette Febmwy 1, 1977.]