Patent Publication Number: US-2003232775-A1

Title: Antisense modulation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta expression

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
     [0001] The present invention provides compositions and methods for modulating the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. In particular, this invention relates to compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, specifically hybridizable with nucleic acids encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. Such compounds have been shown to modulate the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. 
    
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002] A minor but ubiquitous component of cells, phosphoinositol lipids are pivotal players in many intracellular signal transduction pathways. Phosphoinositol lipids are formed when phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is converted, by the catalytic action of lipid kinases, to polyphosphoinositides. As a prototypic example, the membrane associated phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P 2 ), is formed by two successive phosphorylations of PtdIns by the phosphotidylinositolphosphate kinases (PIP kinases).  
       [0003] PtdIns(4,5)P 2  is a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC) and is converted into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG). Phosphoinositides are involved in regulating a broad spectrum of activities from cytoskeletal assembly and motility to vesicle trafficking and exocytosis to transduction of intracellular signals including stimulating the release of intracellular calcium stores (Hinchliffe et al.,  Biochem. Soc. Trans.,  1999, 27, 657-661).  
       [0004] PIP kinases comprise a unique and promiscuous family of enzymes that catalyze the production of polyphosphorylated inositol lipids from monophosphorylated phosphoinositides. Isolation and purification of several different PIP kinase enzymes able to catalyze phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and produce PtdIns(4,5)P 2  led to the further categorization of these enzymes, dubbed the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks), into two types having different activities. The PIP kinases have no homology to other lipid or protein kinases at the primary sequence level, and are distinguished from each other by their lack of immuno-crossreactivity and by the fact that type I PIP5Ks are stimulated in vitro by phosphatidic acid, whereas the type II PIP5Ks are not. Furthermore, the recent discovery that the type II PIP5Ks are able to phosphorylate multiple lipid substrates in vitro suggests that this family of kinases is potentially able to generate several distinct, often subcellularly compartmentalized, phosphoinositol products for regulation of a variety of physiologically important processes (Hinchliffe et al.,  Biochem. Soc. Trans.,  1999, 27, 657-661).  
       [0005] There are two isoforms of type I PIP5Ks, alpha and beta; there are three isoforms of the type II PIP5Ks, alpha, beta, and gamma. The PIP5KII-beta isoform (also known as phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta; PI 4-P 5-kinase; PIP5K2B; PIP5KIIB; and PI(4)P 5-kinase, type II beta) was identified as a protein that interacts with the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of the p55 TNF-alpha receptor. This interaction is specific, as other members of the TNF receptor superfamily do not bind PIP5KII-beta, and the previously identified PIP5KII-alpha isoform does not interact with the p55 TNF-alpha receptor. Moreover, treatment of HeLa cells with TNF-alpha results in an increase in PIP5K activity overall, indicating that a phosphoinositide signaling pathway may be linked to the proliferative, proinflammatory, differentiative, or cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TNF-alpha (Castellino et al.,  J. Biol. Chem.,  1997, 272, 5861-5870).  
       [0006] The PIP5KII-beta enzyme exists as a homodimer in solution and its structure was solved at 3.0-angstrom resolution, allowing elucidation of a superfamily of phosphatidylinositolphosphate kinases. At the tertiary structural level, the ATP-binding site of this enzyme bears similarity to protein kinases. It was further discovered that the homodimeric enzyme is disc-shaped with a flat face that suggests an electrostatic mechanism for plasma membrane targeting, and that the substrate-binding site is open on one side, consistent with dual specificity for phosphatidylinositol 3- and 5-phosphates (Rao et al.,  Cell,  1998, 94, 829-839).  
       [0007] In further comparisons of the structures of protein serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases with the PIP5KII-beta structure, it was revealed that the similarity between these kinases was not limited to the ATP-binding site, but could be extended to include the N-terminal domain core, which consists of a five-stranded beta-sheet and an alpha-helix that are identical between the two. Furthermore, the C-terminal domains share some unusual structural features such as a glutathione synthase fold, found in ATP-grasp proteins, suggesting that these protein kinases and PIP kinases are homologous rather than the results of structural convergence (Grishin,  J. Mol. Biol.,  1999, 291, 239-247).  
       [0008] A unique characteristic of PIP5KII-beta is that, while it has no obvious nuclear localization consensus sequence, it nonetheless is targeted to the nucleus of various cell types by a 17-amino acid length of alpha helix α-helix 7). This helix must be present in its entirety, with a precise orientation. The only precedent for such a means of nuclear localization is found in the HIV protein Vpr, and PIP5KII-beta is the first example of a eukaryotic protein that uses this mechanism (Ciruela et al.,  Biochem. J.,  2000, 346 Pt 3, 587-591).  
       [0009] Phosphoinositide metabolism is reported to be affected by cell adhesion signals. It was recently found that adhesion-controlled small GTPases of the Rho family are involved in the regulation of PtdIns(4,5)P 2  levels in mouse embryonic NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by controlling the activities of PIP5Ks. Clostridium difficile toxin B and toxin B-1470 were used as tools to elucidate mechanisms of signal transduction, and found to inhibit the activity of PIP5Ks (Weernink et al.,  Eur. J. Biochem.,  2000, 267, 5237-5246). However, this inhibition is untested as a therapeutic protocol as well as being non-specific to PIP5KII-beta.  
       [0010] The pharmacological modulation of PIP5KII-beta activity and/or expression is therefore believed to be an appropriate point of therapeutic intervention in pathological conditions in which cell differentiation, proliferation, and/or motility are compromised, such as cancer or inflammation, and in metabolic disorders.  
       [0011] Currently, there are no known therapeutic agents which effectively inhibit the synthesis of PIP5KII-beta. Consequently, there remains a long felt need for agents capable of effectively inhibiting PIP5KII-beta function.  
       [0012] Antisense technology is emerging as an effective means for reducing the expression of specific gene products and may therefore prove to be uniquely useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications for the modulation of PIP5KII-beta expression.  
       [0013] The present invention provides compositions and methods for modulating PIP5KII-beta expression.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014] The present invention is directed to compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, which are targeted to a nucleic acid encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta, and which modulate the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. Pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising the compounds of the invention are also provided. Further provided are methods of modulating the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta in cells or tissues comprising contacting said cells or tissues with one or more of the antisense compounds or compositions of the invention. Further provided are methods of treating an animal, particularly a human, suspected of having or being prone to a disease or condition associated with expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta by administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of one or more of the antisense compounds or compositions of the invention.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0015] The present invention employs oligomeric compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, for use in modulating the function of nucleic acid molecules encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta, ultimately modulating the amount of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta produced. This is accomplished by providing antisense compounds which specifically hybridize with one or more nucleic acids encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. As used herein, the terms “target nucleic acid” and “nucleic acid encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta” encompass DNA encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta, RNA (including pre-mRNA and mRNA) transcribed from such DNA, and also cDNA derived from such RNA. The specific hybridization of an oligomeric compound with its target nucleic acid interferes with the normal function of the nucleic acid. This modulation of function of a target nucleic acid by compounds which specifically hybridize to it is generally referred to as “antisense”. The functions of DNA to be interfered with include replication and transcription. The functions of RNA to be interfered with include all vital functions such as, for example, translocation of the RNA to the site of protein translation, translocation of the RNA to sites within the cell which are distant from the site of RNA synthesis, translation of protein from the RNA, splicing of the RNA to yield one or more mRNA species, and catalytic activity which may be engaged in or facilitated by the RNA. The overall effect of such interference with target nucleic acid function is modulation of the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. In the context of the present invention, “modulation” means either an increase (stimulation) or a decrease (inhibition) in the expression of a gene. In the context of the present invention, inhibition is the preferred form of modulation of gene expression and mRNA is a preferred target.  
       [0016] It is preferred to target specific nucleic acids for antisense. “Targeting” an antisense compound to a particular nucleic acid, in the context of this invention, is a multistep process. The process usually begins with the identification of a nucleic acid sequence whose function is to be modulated. This may be, for example, a cellular gene (or mRNA transcribed from the gene) whose expression is associated with a particular disorder or disease state, or a nucleic acid molecule from an infectious agent. In the present invention, the target is a nucleic acid molecule encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta. The targeting process also includes determination of a site or sites within this gene for the antisense interaction to occur such that the desired effect, e.g., detection or modulation of expression of the protein, will result. Within the context of the present invention, a preferred intragenic site is the region encompassing the translation initiation or termination codon of the open reading frame (ORF) of the gene. Since, as is known in the art, the translation initiation codon is typically 5′-AUG (in transcribed mRNA molecules; 5′-ATG in the corresponding DNA molecule), the translation initiation codon is also referred to as the “AUG codon,” the “start codon” or the “AUG start codon”. A minority of genes have a translation initiation codon having the RNA sequence 5′-GUG, 5′-UUG or 5′-CUG, and 5′-AUA, 5′-ACG and 5′-CUG have been shown to function in vivo. Thus, the terms “translation initiation codon” and “start codon” can encompass many codon sequences, even though the initiator amino acid in each instance is typically methionine (in eukaryotes) or formylmethionine (in prokaryotes). It is also known in the art that eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes may have two or more alternative start codons, any one of which may be preferentially utilized for translation initiation in a particular cell type or tissue, or under a particular set of conditions. In the context of the invention, “start codon” and “translation initiation codon” refer to the codon or codons that are used in vivo to initiate translation of an mRNA molecule transcribed from a gene encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta, regardless of the sequence(s) of such codons.  
       [0017] It is also known in the art that a translation termination codon (or “stop codon”) of a gene may have one of three sequences, i.e., 5′-UAA, 5′-UAG and 5′-UGA (the corresponding DNA sequences are 5′-TAA, 5′-TAG and 5′-TGA, respectively). The terms “start codon region” and “translation initiation codon region” refer to a portion of such an mRNA or gene that encompasses from about 25 to about 50 contiguous nucleotides in either direction (i.e., 5′ or 3′) from a translation initiation codon. Similarly, the terms “stop codon region” and “translation termination codon region” refer to a portion of such an mRNA or gene that encompasses from about 25 to about 50 contiguous nucleotides in either direction (i.e., 5′ or 3′) from a translation termination codon.  
       [0018] The open reading frame (ORF) or “coding region,” which is known in the art to refer to the region between the translation initiation codon and the translation termination codon, is also a region which may be targeted effectively. Other target regions include the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), known in the art to refer to the portion of an mRNA in the 5′ direction from the translation initiation codon, and thus including nucleotides between the 5′ cap site and the translation initiation codon of an mRNA or corresponding nucleotides on the gene, and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), known in the art to refer to the portion of an mRNA in the 3′ direction from the translation termination codon, and thus including nucleotides between the translation termination codon and 3′ end of an mRNA or corresponding nucleotides on the gene. The 5′ cap of an mRNA comprises an N7-methylated guanosine residue joined to the 5′-most residue of the mRNA via a 5′-5′ triphosphate linkage. The 5′ cap region of an mRNA is considered to include the 5′ cap structure itself as well as the first 50 nucleotides adjacent to the cap. The 5′ cap region may also be a preferred target region.  
       [0019] Although some eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are directly translated, many contain one or more regions, known as “introns,” which are excised from a transcript before it is translated. The remaining (and therefore translated) regions are known as “exons” and are spliced together to form a continuous mRNA sequence. mRNA splice sites, i.e., intron-exon junctions, may also be preferred target regions, and are particularly useful in situations where aberrant splicing is implicated in disease, or where an overproduction of a particular mRNA splice product is implicated in disease. Aberrant fusion junctions due to rearrangements or deletions are also preferred targets. mRNA transcripts produced via the process of splicing of two (or more) mRNAs from different gene sources are known as “fusion transcripts”. It has also been found that introns can be effective, and therefore preferred, target regions for antisense compounds targeted, for example, to DNA or pre-mRNA.  
       [0020] It is also known in the art that alternative RNA transcripts can be produced from the same genomic region of DNA. These alternative transcripts are generally known as “variants”. More specifically, “pre-mRNA variants” are transcripts produced from the same genomic DNA that differ from other transcripts produced from the same genomic DNA in either their start or stop position and contain both intronic and extronic regions.  
       [0021] Upon excision of one or more exon or intron regions or portions thereof during splicing, pre-mRNA variants produce smaller “mRNA variants”. Consequently, mRNA variants are processed pre-mRNA variants and each unique pre-mRNA variant must always produce a unique mRNA variant as a result of splicing. These mRNA variants are also known as “alternative splice variants”. If no splicing of the pre-mRNA variant occurs then the pre-mRNA variant is identical to the mRNA variant.  
       [0022] It is also known in the art that variants can be produced through the use of alternative signals to start or stop transcription and that pre-mRNAs and mRNAs can possess more that one start codon or stop codon. Variants that originate from a pre-mRNA or mRNA that use alternative start codons are known as “alternative start variants” of that pre-mRNA or mRNA. Those transcripts that use an alternative stop codon are known as “alternative stop variants” of that pre-mRNA or mRNA. One specific type of alternative stop variant is the “polyA variant” in which the multiple transcripts produced result from the alternative selection of one of the “polyA stop signals” by the transcription machinery, thereby producing transcripts that terminate at unique polyA sites.  
       [0023] Once one or more target sites have been identified, oligonucleotides are chosen which are sufficiently complementary to the target, i.e., hybridize sufficiently well and with sufficient specificity, to give the desired effect.  
       [0024] In the context of this invention, “hybridization” means hydrogen bonding, which may be Watson-Crick, Hoogsteen or reversed Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, between complementary nucleoside or nucleotide bases. For example, adenine and thymine are complementary nucleobases which pair through the formation of hydrogen bonds. “Complementary,” as used herein, refers to the capacity for precise pairing between two nucleotides. For example, if a nucleotide at a certain position of an oligonucleotide is capable of hydrogen bonding with a nucleotide at the same position of a DNA or RNA molecule, then the oligonucleotide and the DNA or RNA are considered to be complementary to each other at that position. The oligonucleotide and the DNA or RNA are complementary to each other when a sufficient number of corresponding positions in each molecule are occupied by nucleotides which can hydrogen bond with each other. Thus, “specifically hybridizable” and “complementary” are terms which are used to indicate a sufficient degree of complementarity or precise pairing such that stable and specific binding occurs between the oligonucleotide and the DNA or RNA target. It is understood in the art that the sequence of an antisense compound need not be 100% complementary to that of its target nucleic acid to be specifically hybridizable.  
       [0025] An antisense compound is specifically hybridizable when binding of the compound to the target DNA or RNA molecule interferes with the normal function of the target DNA or RNA to cause a loss of activity, and there is a sufficient degree of complementarity to avoid non-specific binding of the antisense compound to non-target sequences under conditions in which specific binding is desired, i.e., under physiological conditions in the case of in vivo assays or therapeutic treatment, and in the case of in vitro assays, under conditions in which the assays are performed. It is preferred that the antisense compounds of the present invention comprise at least 80% sequence complementarity to a target region within the target nucleic acid, moreover that they comprise 90% sequence complementarity and even more comprise 95% sequence complementarity to the target region within the target nucleic acid sequence to which they are targeted. For example, an antisense compound in which 18 of 20 nucleobases of the antisense compound are complementary, and would therefore specifically hybridize, to a target region would represent 90 percent complementarity. Percent complementarity of an antisense compound with a region of a target nucleic acid can be determined routinely using basic local alignment search tools (BLAST programs) (Altschul et al.,  J. Mol. Biol.,  1990, 215, 403-410; Zhang and Madden,  Genome Res.,  1997, 7, 649-656).  
       [0026] Antisense and other compounds of the invention, which hybridize to the target and inhibit expression of the target, are identified through experimentation, and representative sequences of these compounds are hereinbelow identified as preferred embodiments of the invention. The sites to which these preferred antisense compounds are specifically hybridizable are hereinbelow referred to as “preferred target regions” and are therefore preferred sites for targeting. As used herein the term “preferred target region” is defined as at least an 8-nucleobase portion of a target region to which an active antisense compound is targeted. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is presently believed that these target regions represent regions of the target nucleic acid which are accessible for hybridization.  
       [0027] While the specific sequences of particular preferred target regions are set forth below, one of skill in the art will recognize that these serve to illustrate and describe particular embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Additional preferred target regions may be identified by one having ordinary skill.  
       [0028] Target regions 8-80 nucleobases in length comprising a stretch of at least eight (8) consecutive nucleobases selected from within the illustrative preferred target regions are considered to be suitable preferred target regions as well.  
       [0029] Exemplary good preferred target regions include DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 5′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred target regions (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately upstream of the 5′-terminus of the target region and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). Similarly good preferred target regions are represented by DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 3′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred target regions (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately downstream of the 3′-terminus of the target region and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). One having skill in the art, once armed with the empirically-derived preferred target regions illustrated herein will be able, without undue experimentation, to identify further preferred target regions. In addition, one having ordinary skill in the art will also be able to identify additional compounds, including oligonucleotide probes and primers, that specifically hybridize to these preferred target regions using techniques available to the ordinary practitioner in the art.  
       [0030] Antisense compounds are commonly used as research reagents and diagnostics. For example, antisense oligonucleotides, which are able to inhibit gene expression with exquisite specificity, are often used by those of ordinary skill to elucidate the function of particular genes. Antisense compounds are also used, for example, to distinguish between functions of various members of a biological pathway. Antisense modulation has, therefore, been harnessed for research use.  
       [0031] For use in kits and diagnostics, the antisense compounds of the present invention, either alone or in combination with other antisense compounds or therapeutics, can be used as tools in differential and/or combinatorial analyses to elucidate expression patterns of a portion or the entire complement of genes expressed within cells and tissues.  
       [0032] Expression patterns within cells or tissues treated with one or more antisense compounds are compared to control cells or tissues not treated with antisense compounds and the patterns produced are analyzed for differential levels of gene expression as they pertain, for example, to disease association, signaling pathway, cellular localization, expression level, size, structure or function of the genes examined. These analyses can be performed on stimulated or unstimulated cells and in the presence or absence of other compounds which affect expression patterns.  
       [0033] Examples of methods of gene expression analysis known in the art include DNA arrays or microarrays (Brazma and Vilo,  FEBS Lett.,  2000, 480, 17-24; Celis, et al.,  FEBS Lett.,  2000, 480, 2-16), SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression)(Madden, et al.,  Drug Discov. Today,  2000, 5, 415-425), READS (restriction enzyme amplification of digested cDNAs) (Prashar and Weissman,  Methods Enzymol.,  1999, 303, 258-72), TOGA (total gene expression analysis) (Sutcliffe, et al.,  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,  2000, 97, 1976-81), protein arrays and proteomics (Celis, et al.,  FEBS Lett.,  2000, 480, 2-16; Jungblut, et al.,  Electrophoresis,  1999, 20, 2100-10), expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing (Celis, et al.,  FEBS Lett.,  2000, 480, 2-16; Larsson, et al.,  J. Biotechnol.,  2000, 80, 143-57), subtractive RNA fingerprinting (SuRF) (Fuchs, et al.,  Anal. Biochem.,  2000, 286, 91-98; Larson, et al.,  Cytometry,  2000, 41, 203-208), subtractive cloning, differential display (DD) (Jurecic and Belmont,  Curr. Opin. Microbiol.,  2000, 3, 316-21), comparative genomic hybridization (Carulli, et al.,  J. Cell Biochem. Suppl.,  1998, 31, 286-96), FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques (Going and Gusterson,  Eur. J. Cancer,  1999, 35, 1895-904) and mass spectrometry methods (reviewed in To,  Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen,  2000, 3, 235-41).  
       [0034] The specificity and sensitivity of antisense is also harnessed by those of skill in the art for therapeutic uses. Antisense oligonucleotides have been employed as therapeutic moieties in the treatment of disease states in animals and man. Antisense oligonucleotide drugs, including ribozymes, have been safely and effectively administered to humans and numerous clinical trials are presently underway. It is thus established that oligonucleotides can be useful therapeutic modalities that can be configured to be useful in treatment regimes for treatment of cells, tissues and animals, especially humans.  
       [0035] In the context of this invention, the term “oligonucleotide” refers to an oligomer or polymer of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or mimetics thereof. This term includes oligonucleotides composed of naturally-occurring nucleobases, sugars and covalent internucleoside (backbone) linkages as well as oligonucleotides having non-naturally-occurring portions which function similarly. Such modified or substituted oligonucleotides are often preferred over native forms because of desirable properties such as, for example, enhanced cellular uptake, enhanced affinity for nucleic acid target and increased stability in the presence of nucleases.  
       [0036] While antisense oligonucleotides are a preferred form of antisense compound, the present invention comprehends other oligomeric antisense compounds, including but not limited to oligonucleotide mimetics such as are described below. The antisense compounds in accordance with this invention preferably comprise from about 8 to about 80 nucleobases (i.e. from about 8 to about 80 linked nucleosides). Particularly preferred antisense compounds are antisense oligonucleotides from about 8 to about 50 nucleobases, even more preferably those comprising from about 12 to about 30 nucleobases. Antisense compounds include ribozymes, external guide sequence (EGS) oligonucleotides (oligozymes), and other short catalytic RNAs or catalytic oligonucleotides which hybridize to the target nucleic acid and modulate its expression.  
       [0037] Antisense compounds 8-80 nucleobases in length comprising a stretch of at least eight (8) consecutive nucleobases selected from within the illustrative antisense compounds are considered to be suitable antisense compounds as well.  
       [0038] Exemplary preferred antisense compounds include DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 5′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred antisense compounds (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately upstream of the 5′-terminus of the antisense compound which is specifically hybridizable to the target nucleic acid and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). Similarly preferred antisense compounds are represented by DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 3′-terminus of one of the illustrative preferred antisense compounds (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately downstream of the 3′-terminus of the antisense compound which is specifically hybridizable to the target nucleic acid and continuing until the DNA or RNA contains about 8 to about 80 nucleobases). One having skill in the art, once armed with the empirically-derived preferred antisense compounds illustrated herein will be able, without undue experimentation, to identify further preferred antisense compounds.  
       [0039] Antisense and other compounds of the invention, which hybridize to the target and inhibit expression of the target, are identified through experimentation, and representative sequences of these compounds are herein identified as preferred embodiments of the invention. While specific sequences of the antisense compounds are set forth herein, one of skill in the art will recognize that these serve to illustrate and describe particular embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Additional preferred antisense compounds may be identified by one having ordinary skill.  
       [0040] As is known in the art, a nucleoside is a base-sugar combination. The base portion of the nucleoside is normally a heterocyclic base. The two most common classes of such heterocyclic bases are the purines and the pyrimidines. Nucleotides are nucleosides that further include a phosphate group covalently linked to the sugar portion of the nucleoside. For those nucleosides that include a pentofuranosyl sugar, the phosphate group can be linked to either the 2′, 3′ or 5′ hydroxyl moiety of the sugar. In forming oligonucleotides, the phosphate groups covalently link adjacent nucleosides to one another to form a linear polymeric compound. In turn, the respective ends of this linear polymeric structure can be further joined to form a circular structure, however, open linear structures are generally preferred. In addition, linear structures may also have internal nucleobase complementarity and may therefore fold in a manner as to produce a double stranded structure. Within the oligonucleotide structure, the phosphate groups are commonly referred to as forming the internucleoside backbone of the oligonucleotide. The normal linkage or backbone of RNA and DNA is a 3′ to 5′ phosphodiester linkage.  
       [0041] Specific examples of preferred antisense compounds useful in this invention include oligonucleotides containing modified backbones or non-natural internucleoside linkages. As defined in this specification, oligonucleotides having modified backbones include those that retain a phosphorus atom in the backbone and those that do not have a phosphorus atom in the backbone. For the purposes of this specification, and as sometimes referenced in the art, modified oligonucleotides that do not have a phosphorus atom in their internucleoside backbone can also be considered to be oligonucleosides.  
       [0042] Preferred modified oligonucleotide backbones include, for example, phosphorothioates, chiral phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates, phosphotriesters, aminoalkylphosphotriesters, methyl and other alkyl phosphonates including 3′-alkylene phosphonates, 5′-alkylene phosphonates and chiral phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphoramidates including 3′-amino phosphoramidate and aminoalkylphosphoramidates, thionophosphoramidates, thionoalkylphosphonates, thionoalkylphosphotriesters, selenophosphates and boranophosphates having normal 3′-5′ linkages, 2′-5′ linked analogs of these, and those having inverted polarity wherein one or more internucleotide linkages is a 3′ to 3′, 5′ to 5′ or 2′ to 2′ linkage. Preferred oligonucleotides having inverted polarity comprise a single 3′ to 3′ linkage at the 3′-most internucleotide linkage i.e. a single inverted nucleoside residue which may be abasic (the nucleobase is missing or has a hydroxyl group in place thereof). Various salts, mixed salts and free acid forms are also included.  
       [0043] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of the above phosphorus-containing linkages include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,687,808; 4,469,863; 4,476,301; 5,023,243; 5,177,196; 5,188,897; 5,264,423; 5,276,019; 5,278,302; 5,286,717; 5,321,131; 5,399,676; 5,405,939; 5,453,496; 5,455,233; 5,466,677; 5,476,925; 5,519,126; 5,536,821; 5,541,306; 5,550,111; 5,563,253; 5,571,799; 5,587,361; 5,194,599; 5,565,555; 5,527,899; 5,721,218; 5,672,697 and 5,625,050, certain of which are commonly owned with this application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference.  
       [0044] Preferred modified oligonucleotide backbones that do not include a phosphorus atom therein have backbones that are formed by short chain alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleoside linkages, mixed heteroatom and alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleoside linkages, or one or more short chain heteroatomic or heterocyclic internucleoside linkages. These include those having morpholino linkages (formed in part from the sugar portion of a nucleoside); siloxane backbones; sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone backbones; formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones; methylene formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones; riboacetyl backbones; alkene containing backbones; sulfamate backbones; methyleneimino and methylenehydrazino backbones; sulfonate and sulfonamide backbones; amide backbones; and others having mixed N, O, S and CH 2  component parts.  
       [0045] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of the above oligonucleosides include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,034,506; 5,166,315; 5,185,444; 5,214,134; 5,216,141; 5,235,033; 5,264,562; 5,264,564; 5,405,938; 5,434,257; 5,466,677; 5,470,967; 5,489,677; 5,541,307; 5,561,225; 5,596,086; 5,602,240; 5,610,289; 5,602,240; 5,608,046; 5,610,289; 5,618,704; 5,623,070; 5,663,312; 5,633,360; 5,677,437; 5,792,608; 5,646,269 and 5,677,439, certain of which are commonly owned with this application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference.  
       [0046] In other preferred oligonucleotide mimetics, both the sugar and the internucleoside linkage, i.e., the backbone, of the nucleotide units are replaced with novel groups. The base units are maintained for hybridization with an appropriate nucleic acid target compound. One such oligomeric compound, an oligonucleotide mimetic that has been shown to have excellent hybridization properties, is referred to as a peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In PNA compounds, the sugar-backbone of an oligonucleotide is replaced with an amide containing backbone, in particular an aminoethylglycine backbone. The nucleobases are retained and are bound directly or indirectly to aza nitrogen atoms of the amide portion of the backbone. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of PNA compounds include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,539,082; 5,714,331; and 5,719,262, each of which is herein incorporated by reference. Further teaching of PNA compounds can be found in Nielsen et al.,  Science,  1991, 254, 1497-1500.  
       [0047] Most preferred embodiments of the invention are oligonucleotides with phosphorothioate backbones and oligonucleosides with heteroatom backbones, and in particular —CH 2 —NH—O—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —N(CH 3 )—O—CH 2 — [known as a methylene (methylimino) or MMI backbone], —CH 2 —O—N(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —N(CH 3 )—N(CH 3 )—CH 2 — and —O—N(CH 3 )—CH 2 —CH 2 — [wherein the native phosphodiester backbone is represented as —O—P—O—CH 2 —] of the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,677, and the amide backbones of the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,240. Also preferred are oligonucleotides having morpholino backbone structures of the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,506.  
       [0048] Modified oligonucleotides may also contain one or more substituted sugar moieties. Preferred oligonucleotides comprise one of the following at the 2′ position: OH; F; O—, S—, or N-alkyl; O—, S—, or N-alkenyl; O—, S— or N-alkynyl; or O-alkyl-O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl may be substituted or unsubstituted C 1  to C 10  alkyl or C 2  to C 10  alkenyl and alkynyl. Particularly preferred are O[(CH 2 ) n O] m CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) n OCH 3 , O(CH 2 ) n NH 2 , O(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) n ONH 2 , and O(CH 2 ) n ON[(CH 2 ) CH 3 ] 2 , where n and m are from 1 to about 10. Other preferred oligonucleotides comprise one of the following at the 2′ position: C 1  to C 10  lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, O-alkaryl or O-aralkyl, SH, SCH 3 , OCN, Cl, Br, CN, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SOCH 3 , SO 2 CH 3 , ONO 2 , NO 2 , N 3 , NH 2 , heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalkylamino, substituted silyl, an RNA cleaving group, a reporter group, an intercalator, a group for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of an oligonucleotide, or a group for improving the pharmacodynamic properties of an oligonucleotide, and other substituents having similar properties. A preferred modification includes 2′-methoxyethoxy (2′-O—CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , also known as 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl) or 2′-MOE) (Martin et al.,  Helv. Chim. Acta,  1995, 78, 486-504) i.e., an alkoxyalkoxy group. A further preferred modification includes 2′-dimethylaminooxyethoxy, i.e., a O(CH 2 ) 2 ON(CH 3 ) 2  group, also known as 2′-DMAOE, as described in examples hereinbelow, and 2′-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy (also known in the art as 2′-O-dimethyl-amino-ethoxy-ethyl or 2′-DMAEOE), i.e., 2′-O—CH 2 —O—CH 2 —N(CH 3 ) 2 , also described in examples hereinbelow.  
       [0049] Other preferred modifications include 2′-methoxy (2′-O—CH 3 ), 2′-aminopropoxy (2′-OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ), 2′-allyl (2′-CH 2 —CH═CH 2 ), 2′-O-allyl (2′-O—CH 2 —CH═CH 2 ) and 2′-fluoro (2′-F). The 2′-modification may be in the arabino (up) position or ribo (down) position. A preferred 2′-arabino modification is 2′-F. Similar modifications may also be made at other positions on the oligonucleotide, particularly the 3′ position of the sugar on the 3′ terminal nucleotide or in 2′-5′ linked oligonucleotides and the 5′ position of 5′ terminal nucleotide. Oligonucleotides may also have sugar mimetics such as cyclobutyl moieties in place of the pentofuranosyl sugar. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such modified sugar structures include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,981,957; 5,118,800; 5,319,080; 5,359,044; 5,393,878; 5,446,137; 5,466,786; 5,514,785; 5,519,134; 5,567,811; 5,576,427; 5,591,722; 5,597,909; 5,610,300; 5,627,053; 5,639,873; 5,646,265; 5,658,873; 5,670,633; 5,792,747; and 5,700,920, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.  
       [0050] A further preferred modification includes Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs) in which the 2′-hydroxyl group is linked to the 3′ or 4′ carbon atom of the sugar ring thereby forming a bicyclic sugar moiety. The linkage is preferably a methelyne (—CH 2 —) n  group bridging the 2′ oxygen atom and the 4′ carbon atom wherein n is 1 or 2. LNAs and preparation thereof are described in WO 98/39352 and WO 99/14226.  
       [0051] Oligonucleotides may also include nucleobase (often referred to in the art simply as “base”) modifications or substitutions. As used herein, “unmodified” or “natural” nucleobases include the purine bases adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidine bases thymine (T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Modified nucleobases include other synthetic and natural nucleobases such as 5-methylcytosine (5-me-C), 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-propyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine, 5-halouracil and cytosine, 5-propynyl (—C≡C—CH 3 ) uracil and cytosine and other alkynyl derivatives of pyrimidine bases, 6-azo uracil, cytosine and thymine, 5-uracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, 8-amino, 8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl and other 8-substituted adenines and guanines, 5-halo particularly 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl and other 5-substituted uracils and cytosines, 7-methylguanine and 7-methyladenine, 2-F-adenine, 2-amino-adenine, 8-azaguanine and 8-azaadenine, 7-deazaguanine and 7-deazaadenine and 3-deazaguanine and 3-deazaadenine. Further modified nucleobases include tricyclic pyrimidines such as phenoxazine cytidine(1H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzoxazin-2(3H)-one), phenothiazine cytidine (1H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzothiazin-2(3H)-one), G-clamps such as a substituted phenoxazine cytidine (e.g. 9-(2-aminoethoxy)-H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]benzoxazin-2(3H)-one), carbazole cytidine (2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-2-one), pyridoindole cytidine (H-pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one). Modified nucleobases may also include those in which the purine or pyrimidine base is replaced with other heterocycles, for example 7-deaza-adenine, 7-deazaguanosine, 2-aminopyridine and 2-pyridone. Further nucleobases include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, those disclosed in  The Concise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering , pages 858-859, Kroschwitz, J.I., ed. John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1990, those disclosed by Englisch et al.,  Angewandte Chemie , International Edition, 1991, 30, 613, and those disclosed by Sanghvi, Y. S., Chapter 15 , Antisense Research and Applications , pages 289-302, Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B. ed., CRC Press, 1993. Certain of these nucleobases are particularly useful for increasing the binding affinity of the oligomeric compounds of the invention. These include 5-substituted pyrimidines, 6-azapyrimidines and N-2, N-6 and O-6 substituted purines, including 2-aminopropyladenine, 5-propynyluracil and 5-propynylcytosine. 5-methylcytosine substitutions have been shown to increase nucleic acid duplex stability by 0.6-1.2° C. (Sanghvi, Y. S., Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B., eds.,  Antisense Research and Applications , CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993, pp. 276-278) and are presently preferred base substitutions, even more particularly when combined with 2′-O-methoxyethyl sugar modifications.  
       [0052] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of certain of the above noted modified nucleobases as well as other modified nucleobases include, but are not limited to, the above noted U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,808, as well as U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,845,205; 5,130,302; 5,134,066; 5,175,273; 5,367,066; 5,432,272; 5,457,187; 5,459,255; 5,484,908; 5,502,177; 5,525,711; 5,552,540; 5,587,469; 5,594,121, 5,596,091; 5,614,617; 5,645,985; 5,830,653; 5,763,588; 6,005,096; and 5,681,941, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,692, which is commonly owned with the instant application and also herein incorporated by reference.  
       [0053] Another modification of the oligonucleotides of the invention involves chemically linking to the oligonucleotide one or more moieties or conjugates which enhance the activity, cellular distribution or cellular uptake of the oligonucleotide. The compounds of the invention can include conjugate groups covalently bound to functional groups such as primary or secondary hydroxyl groups. Conjugate groups of the invention include intercalators, reporter molecules, polyamines, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polyethers, groups that enhance the pharmacodynamic properties of oligomers, and groups that enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of oligomers. Typical conjugate groups include cholesterols, lipids, phospholipids, biotin, phenazine, folate, phenanthridine, anthraquinone, acridine, fluoresceins, rhodamines, coumarins, and dyes. Groups that enhance the pharmacodynamic properties, in the context of this invention, include groups that improve oligomer uptake, enhance oligomer resistance to degradation, and/or strengthen sequence-specific hybridization with RNA. Groups that enhance the pharmacokinetic properties, in the context of this invention, include groups that improve oligomer uptake, distribution, metabolism or excretion. Representative conjugate groups are disclosed in International Patent Application PCT/US92/09196, filed Oct. 23, 1992 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Conjugate moieties include but are not limited to lipid moieties such as a cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al.,  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,  1989, 86, 6553-6556), cholic acid (Manoharan et al.,  Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let.,  1994, 4, 1053-1060), a thioether, e.g., hexyl-S-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al.,  Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.,  1992, 660, 306-309; Manoharan et al.,  Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let.,  1993, 3, 2765-2770), a thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al.,  Nucl. Acids Res.,  1992, 20, 533-538), an aliphatic chain, e.g., dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al.,  EMBO J.,  1991, 10, 1111-1118; Kabanov et al.,  FEBS Lett.,  1990, 259, 327-330; Svinarchuk et al.,  Biochimie,  1993, 75, 49-54), a phospholipid, e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethylammonium 1,2-di-o-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-H-phosphonate (Manoharan et al.,  Tetrahedron Lett.,  1995, 36, 3651-3654; Shea et al.,  Nucl. Acids Res.,  1990, 18, 3777-3783), a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol chain (Manoharan et al.,  Nucleosides &amp; Nucleotides,  1995, 14, 969-973), or adamantane acetic acid (Manoharan et al.,  Tetrahedron Lett.,  1995, 36, 3651-3654), a palmityl moiety (Mishra et al.,  Biochim. Biophys. Acta,  1995, 1264, 229-237), or an octadecylamine or hexylamino-carbonyl-oxycholesterol moiety (Crooke et al.,  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,  1996, 277, 923-937). Oligonucleotides of the invention may also be conjugated to active drug substances, for example, aspirin, warfarin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, suprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, (S)-(+)-pranoprofen, carprofen, dansylsarcosine, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, flufenamic acid, folinic acid, a benzothiadiazide, chlorothiazide, a diazepine, indomethicin, a barbiturate, a cephalosporin, a sulfa drug, an antidiabetic, an antibacterial or an antibiotic. Oligonucleotide-drug conjugates and their preparation are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/334,130 (filed Jun. 15, 1999) which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.  
       [0054] Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such oligonucleotide conjugates include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,828,979; 4,948,882; 5,218,105; 5,525,465; 5,541,313; 5,545,730; 5,552,538; 5,578,717, 5,580,731; 5,580,731; 5,591,584; 5,109,124; 5,118,802; 5,138,045; 5,414,077; 5,486,603; 5,512,439; 5,578,718; 5,608,046; 4,587,044; 4,605,735; 4,667,025; 4,762,779; 4,789,737; 4,824,941; 4,835,263; 4,876,335; 4,904,582; 4,958,013; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,245,022; 5,254,469; 5,258,506; 5,262,536; 5,272,250; 5,292,873; 5,317,098; 5,371,241, 5,391,723; 5,416,203, 5,451,463; 5,510,475; 5,512,667; 5,514,785; 5,565,552; 5,567,810; 5,574,142; 5,585,481; 5,587,371; 5,595,726; 5,597,696; 5,599,923; 5,599,928 and 5,688,941, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference.  
       [0055] It is not necessary for all positions in a given compound to be uniformly modified, and in fact more than one of the aforementioned modifications may be incorporated in a single compound or even at a single nucleoside within an oligonucleotide. The present invention also includes antisense compounds which are chimeric compounds. “Chimeric” antisense compounds or “chimeras,” in the context of this invention, are antisense compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, which contain two or more chemically distinct regions, each made up of at least one monomer unit, i.e., a nucleotide in the case of an oligonucleotide compound. These oligonucleotides typically contain at least one region wherein the oligonucleotide is modified so as to confer upon the oligonucleotide increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased cellular uptake, increased stability and/or increased binding affinity for the target nucleic acid. An additional region of the oligonucleotide may serve as a substrate for enzymes capable of cleaving RNA:DNA or RNA:RNA hybrids. By way of example, RNAse H is a cellular endonuclease which cleaves the RNA strand of an RNA:DNA duplex. Activation of RNase H, therefore, results in cleavage of the RNA target, thereby greatly enhancing the efficiency of oligonucleotide inhibition of gene expression. The cleavage of RNA:RNA hybrids can, in like fashion, be accomplished through the actions of endoribonucleases, such as interferon-induced RNAseL which cleaves both cellular and viral RNA. Consequently, comparable results can often be obtained with shorter oligonucleotides when chimeric oligonucleotides are used, compared to phosphorothioate deoxyoligonucleotides hybridizing to the same target region. Cleavage of the RNA target can be routinely detected by gel electrophoresis and, if necessary, associated nucleic acid hybridization techniques known in the art.  
       [0056] Chimeric antisense compounds of the invention may be formed as composite structures of two or more oligonucleotides, modified oligonucleotides, oligonucleosides and/or oligonucleotide mimetics as described above. Such compounds have also been referred to in the art as hybrids or gapmers. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such hybrid structures include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,013,830; 5,149,797; 5,220,007; 5,256,775; 5,366,878; 5,403,711; 5,491,133; 5,565,350; 5,623,065; 5,652,355; 5,652,356; and 5,700,922, certain of which are commonly owned with the instant application, and each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.  
       [0057] The antisense compounds used in accordance with this invention may be conveniently and routinely made through the well-known technique of solid phase synthesis. Equipment for such synthesis is sold by several vendors including, for example, Applied Biosystems (Foster City, Calif.). Any other means for such synthesis known in the art may additionally or alternatively be employed. It is well known to use similar techniques to prepare oligonucleotides such as the phosphorothioates and alkylated derivatives.  
       [0058] The compounds of the invention may also be admixed, encapsulated, conjugated or otherwise associated with other molecules, molecule structures or mixtures of compounds, as for example, liposomes, receptor-targeted molecules, oral, rectal, topical or other formulations, for assisting in uptake, distribution and/or absorption. Representative United States patents that teach the preparation of such uptake, distribution and/or absorption-assisting formulations include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,108,921; 5,354,844; 5,416,016; 5,459,127; 5,521,291; 5,543,158; 5,547,932; 5,583,020; 5,591,721; 4,426,330; 4,534,899; 5,013,556; 5,108,921; 5,213,804; 5,227,170; 5,264,221; 5,356,633; 5,395,619; 5,416,016; 5,417,978; 5,462,854; 5,469,854; 5,512,295; 5,527,528; 5,534,259; 5,543,152; 5,556,948; 5,580,575; and 5,595,756, each of which is herein incorporated by reference.  
       [0059] The antisense compounds of the invention encompass any pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or salts of such esters, or any other compound which, upon administration to an animal, including a human, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) the biologically active metabolite or residue thereof. Accordingly, for example, the disclosure is also drawn to prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such prodrugs, and other bioequivalents.  
       [0060] The term “prodrug” indicates a therapeutic agent that is prepared in an inactive form that is converted to an active form (i.e., drug) within the body or cells thereof by the action of endogenous enzymes or other chemicals and/or conditions. In particular, prodrug versions of the oligonucleotides of the invention are prepared as SATE [(S-acetyl-2-thioethyl) phosphate] derivatives according to the methods disclosed in WO 93/24510 to Gosselin et al., published Dec. 9, 1993 or in WO 94/26764 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,713 to Imbach et al.  
       [0061] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to physiologically and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention: i.e., salts that retain the desired biological activity of the parent compound and do not impart undesired toxicological effects thereto.  
       [0062] Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts are formed with metals or amines, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals or organic amines. Examples of metals used as cations are sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and the like. Examples of suitable amines are N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, and procaine (see, for example, Berge et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,”  J. of Pharma Sci.,  1977, 66, 1-19). The base addition salts of said acidic compounds are prepared by contacting the free acid form with a sufficient amount of the desired base to produce the salt in the conventional manner. The free acid form may be regenerated by contacting the salt form with an acid and isolating the free acid in the conventional manner. The free acid forms differ from their respective salt forms somewhat in certain physical properties such as solubility in polar solvents, but otherwise the salts are equivalent to their respective free acid for purposes of the present invention. As used herein, a “pharmaceutical addition salt” includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of an acid form of one of the components of the compositions of the invention. These include organic or inorganic acid salts of the amines. Preferred acid salts are the hydrochlorides, acetates, salicylates, nitrates and phosphates. Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include basic salts of a variety of inorganic and organic acids, such as, for example, with inorganic acids, such as for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid; with organic carboxylic, sulfonic, sulfo or phospho acids or N-substituted sulfamic acids, for example acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, methylmaleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, glucaric acid, glucuronic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, embonic acid, nicotinic acid or isonicotinic acid; and with amino acids, such as the 20 alpha-amino acids involved in the synthesis of proteins in nature, for example glutamic acid or aspartic acid, and also with phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, 2- or 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose-6-phosphate, N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid (with the formation of cyclamates), or with other acid organic compounds, such as ascorbic acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds may also be prepared with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations. Carbonates or hydrogen carbonates are also possible.  
       [0063] For oligonucleotides, preferred examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include but are not limited to (a) salts formed with cations such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium, calcium, polyamines such as spermine and spermidine, etc.; (b) acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and the like; (c) salts formed with organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, palmitic acid, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, polygalacturonic acid, and the like; and (d) salts formed from elemental anions such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine.  
       [0064] The antisense compounds of the present invention can be utilized for diagnostics, therapeutics, prophylaxis and as research reagents and kits. For therapeutics, an animal, preferably a human, suspected of having a disease or disorder which can be treated by modulating the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta is treated by administering antisense compounds in accordance with this invention. The compounds of the invention can be utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding an effective amount of an antisense compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. Use of the antisense compounds and methods of the invention may also be useful prophylactically, e.g., to prevent or delay infection, inflammation or tumor formation, for example.  
       [0065] The antisense compounds of the invention are useful for research and diagnostics, because these compounds hybridize to nucleic acids encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta, enabling sandwich and other assays to easily be constructed to exploit this fact. Hybridization of the antisense oligonucleotides of the invention with a nucleic acid encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta can be detected by means known in the art. Such means may include conjugation of an enzyme to the oligonucleotide, radiolabelling of the oligonucleotide or any other suitable detection means. Kits using such detection means for detecting the level of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta in a sample may also be prepared.  
       [0066] The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions and formulations which include the antisense compounds of the invention. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in a number of ways depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary, e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal and transdermal), oral or parenteral. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular, administration. Oligonucleotides with at least one 2′-O-methoxyethyl modification are believed to be particularly useful for oral administration.  
       [0067] Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable. Coated condoms, gloves and the like may also be useful. Preferred topical formulations include those in which the oligonucleotides of the invention are in admixture with a topical delivery agent such as lipids, liposomes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, steroids, chelating agents and surfactants. Preferred lipids and liposomes include neutral (e.g. dioleoylphosphatidyl DOPE ethanolamine, dimyristoylphosphatidyl choline DMPC, distearolyphosphatidyl choline) negative (e.g. dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol DMPG) and cationic (e.g. dioleoyltetramethylaminopropyl DOTAP and dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine DOTMA). Oligonucleotides of the invention may be encapsulated within liposomes or may form complexes thereto, in particular to cationic liposomes. Alternatively, oligonucleotides may be complexed to lipids, in particular to cationic lipids. Preferred fatty acids and esters include but are not limited arachidonic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein, dilaurin, glyceryl 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, an acylcarnitine, an acylcholine, or a C 1-10  alkyl ester (e.g. isopropylmyristate IPM), monoglyceride, diglyceride or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Topical formulations are described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/315,298 filed on May 20, 1999 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.  
       [0068] Compositions and formulations for oral administration include powders or granules, microparticulates, nanoparticulates, suspensions or solutions in water or non-aqueous media, capsules, gel capsules, sachets, tablets or minitablets. Thickeners, flavoring agents, diluents, emulsifiers, dispersing aids or binders may be desirable. Preferred oral formulations are those in which oligonucleotides of the invention are administered in conjunction with one or more penetration enhancers surfactants and chelators. Preferred surfactants include fatty acids and/or esters or salts thereof, bile acids and/or salts thereof. Preferred bile acids/salts include chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxychenodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glucholic acid, glycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, sodium tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidate and sodium glycodihydrofusidate. Preferred fatty acids include arachidonic acid, undecanoic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein, dilaurin, glyceryl 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, an acylcarnitine, an acylcholine, or a monoglyceride, a diglyceride or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g. sodium). Also preferred are combinations of penetration enhancers, for example, fatty acids/salts in combination with bile acids/salts. A particularly preferred combination is the sodium salt of lauric acid, capric acid and UDCA. Further penetration enhancers include polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether. Oligonucleotides of the invention may be delivered orally, in granular form including sprayed dried particles, or complexed to form micro or nanoparticles. Oligonucleotide complexing agents include poly-amino acids; polyimines; polyacrylates; polyalkylacrylates, polyoxethanes, polyalkylcyanoacrylates; cationized gelatins, albumins, starches, acrylates, polyethyleneglycols (PEG) and starches; polyalkylcyanoacrylates; DEAE-derivatized polyimines, pollulans, celluloses and starches. Particularly preferred complexing agents include chitosan, N-trimethylchitosan, poly-L-lysine, polyhistidine, polyornithine, polyspermines, protamine, polyvinylpyridine, polythiodiethylaminomethylethylene P(TDAE), polyaminostyrene (e.g. p-amino), poly(methylcyanoacrylate), poly(ethylcyanoacrylate), poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate), poly(isohexylcynaoacrylate), DEAE-methacrylate, DEAE-hexylacrylate, DEAE-acrylamide, DEAE-albumin and DEAE-dextran, polymethylacrylate, polyhexylacrylate, poly(D,L-lactic acid), poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), alginate, and polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Oral formulations for oligonucleotides and their preparation are described in detail in U.S. applications 08/886,829 (filed Jul. 1, 1997), 09/108,673 (filed Jul. 1, 1998), 09/256,515 (filed Feb. 23, 1999), 09/082,624 (filed May 21, 1998) and 09/315,298 (filed May 20, 1999), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.  
       [0069] Compositions and formulations for parenteral, intrathecal or intraventricular administration may include sterile aqueous solutions which may also contain buffers, diluents and other suitable additives such as, but not limited to, penetration enhancers, carrier compounds and other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.  
       [0070] Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, solutions, emulsions, and liposome-containing formulations. These compositions may be generated from a variety of components that include, but are not limited to, preformed liquids, self-emulsifying solids and self-emulsifying semisolids.  
       [0071] The pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention, which may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, may be prepared according to conventional techniques well known in the pharmaceutical industry. Such techniques include the step of bringing into association the active ingredients with the pharmaceutical carrier(s) or excipient(s). In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.  
       [0072] The compositions of the present invention may be formulated into any of many possible dosage forms such as, but not limited to, tablets, capsules, gel capsules, liquid syrups, soft gels, suppositories, and enemas. The compositions of the present invention may also be formulated as suspensions in aqueous, non-aqueous or mixed media. Aqueous suspensions may further contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension including, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran. The suspension may also contain stabilizers.  
       [0073] In one embodiment of the present invention the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated and used as foams. Pharmaceutical foams include formulations such as, but not limited to, emulsions, microemulsions, creams, jellies and liposomes. While basically similar in nature these formulations vary in the components and the consistency of the final product. The preparation of such compositions and formulations is generally known to those skilled in the pharmaceutical and formulation arts and may be applied to the formulation of the compositions of the present invention.  
       [0074] Emulsions  
       [0075] The compositions of the present invention may be prepared and formulated as emulsions. Emulsions are typically heterogenous systems of one liquid dispersed in another in the form of droplets usually exceeding 0.1 μm in diameter (Idson, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199; Rosoff, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., Volume 1, p. 245; Block in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 2, p. 335; Higuchi et al., in  Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences , Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 301). Emulsions are often biphasic systems comprising two immiscible liquid phases intimately mixed and dispersed with each other. In general, emulsions may be of either the water-in-oil (w/o) or the oil-in-water (o/w) variety. When an aqueous phase is finely divided into and dispersed as minute droplets into a bulk oily phase, the resulting composition is called a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion. Alternatively, when an oily phase is finely divided into and dispersed as minute droplets into a bulk aqueous phase, the resulting composition is called an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. Emulsions may contain additional components in addition to the dispersed phases, and the active drug which may be present as a solution in either the aqueous phase, oily phase or itself as a separate phase. Pharmaceutical excipients such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, dyes, and anti-oxidants may also be present in emulsions as needed. Pharmaceutical emulsions may also be multiple emulsions that are comprised of more than two phases such as, for example, in the case of oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions. Such complex formulations often provide certain advantages that simple binary emulsions do not. Multiple emulsions in which individual oil droplets of an o/w emulsion enclose small water droplets constitute a w/o/w emulsion. Likewise a system of oil droplets enclosed in globules of water stabilized in an oily continuous phase provides an o/w/o emulsion.  
       [0076] Emulsions are characterized by little or no thermodynamic stability. Often, the dispersed or discontinuous phase of the emulsion is well dispersed into the external or continuous phase and maintained in this form through the means of emulsifiers or the viscosity of the formulation. Either of the phases of the emulsion may be a semisolid or a solid, as is the case of emulsion-style ointment bases and creams. Other means of stabilizing emulsions entail the use of emulsifiers that may be incorporated into either phase of the emulsion. Emulsifiers may broadly be classified into four categories: synthetic surfactants, naturally occurring emulsifiers, absorption bases, and finely dispersed solids (Idson, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199).  
       [0077] Synthetic surfactants, also known as surface active agents, have found wide applicability in the formulation of emulsions and have been reviewed in the literature (Rieger, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285; Idson, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, volume 1, p. 199). Surfactants are typically amphiphilic and comprise a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion. The ratio of the hydrophilic to the hydrophobic nature of the surfactant has been termed the hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) and is a valuable tool in categorizing and selecting surfactants in the preparation of formulations. Surfactants may be classified into different classes based on the nature of the hydrophilic group: nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric (Rieger, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285).  
       [0078] Naturally occurring emulsifiers used in emulsion formulations include lanolin, beeswax, phosphatides, lecithin and acacia. Absorption bases possess hydrophilic properties such that they can soak up water to form w/o emulsions yet retain their semisolid consistencies, such as anhydrous lanolin and hydrophilic petrolatum. Finely divided solids have also been used as good emulsifiers especially in combination with surfactants and in viscous preparations. These include polar inorganic solids, such as heavy metal hydroxides, nonswelling clays such as bentonite, attapulgite, hectorite, kaolin, montmorillonite, colloidal aluminum silicate and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, pigments and nonpolar solids such as carbon or glyceryl tristearate.  
       [0079] A large variety of non-emulsifying materials are also included in emulsion formulations and contribute to the properties of emulsions. These include fats, oils, waxes, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, humectants, hydrophilic colloids, preservatives and antioxidants (Block, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 335; Idson, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199).  
       [0080] Hydrophilic colloids or hydrocolloids include naturally occurring gums and synthetic polymers such as polysaccharides (for example, acacia, agar, alginic acid, carrageenan, guar gum, karaya gum, and tragacanth), cellulose derivatives (for example, carboxymethylcellulose and carboxypropylcellulose), and synthetic polymers (for example, carbomers, cellulose ethers, and carboxyvinyl polymers). These disperse or swell in water to form colloidal solutions that stabilize emulsions by forming strong interfacial films around the dispersed-phase droplets and by increasing the viscosity of the external phase.  
       [0081] Since emulsions often contain a number of ingredients such as carbohydrates, proteins, sterols and phosphatides that may readily support the growth of microbes, these formulations often incorporate preservatives. Commonly used preservatives included in emulsion formulations include methyl paraben, propyl paraben, quaternary ammonium salts, benzalkonium chloride, esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and boric acid. Antioxidants are also commonly added to emulsion formulations to prevent deterioration of the formulation. Antioxidants used may be free radical scavengers such as tocopherols, alkyl gallates, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, or reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite, and antioxidant synergists such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and lecithin.  
       [0082] The application of emulsion formulations via dermatological, oral and parenteral routes and methods for their manufacture have been reviewed in the literature (Idson, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199). Emulsion formulations for oral delivery have been very widely used because of ease of formulation, as well as efficacy from an absorption and bioavailability standpoint (Rosoff, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245; Idson, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199). Mineral-oil base laxatives, oil-soluble vitamins and high fat nutritive preparations are among the materials that have commonly been administered orally as o/w emulsions.  
       [0083] In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositions of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids are formulated as microemulsions. A microemulsion may be defined as a system of water, oil and amphiphile which is a single optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid solution (Rosoff, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245). Typically microemulsions are systems that are prepared by first dispersing an oil in an aqueous surfactant solution and then adding a sufficient amount of a fourth component, generally an intermediate chain-length alcohol to form a transparent system. Therefore, microemulsions have also been described as thermodynamically stable, isotropically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids that are stabilized by interfacial films of surface-active molecules (Leung and Shah, in:  Controlled Release of Drugs: Polymers and Aggregate Systems , Rosoff, M., Ed., 1989, VCH Publishers, New York, pages 185-215). Microemulsions commonly are prepared via a combination of three to five components that include oil, water, surfactant, cosurfactant and electrolyte. Whether the microemulsion is of the water-in-oil (w/o) or an oil-in-water (o/w) type is dependent on the properties of the oil and surfactant used and on the structure and geometric packing of the polar heads and hydrocarbon tails of the surfactant molecules (Schott, in  Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences , Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 271).  
       [0084] The phenomenological approach utilizing phase diagrams has been extensively studied and has yielded a comprehensive knowledge, to one skilled in the art, of how to formulate microemulsions (Rosoff, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245; Block, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 335). Compared to conventional emulsions, microemulsions offer the advantage of solubilizing water-insoluble drugs in a formulation of thermodynamically stable droplets that are formed spontaneously.  
       [0085] Surfactants used in the preparation of microemulsions include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, Brij 96, polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, tetraglycerol monolaurate (ML310), tetraglycerol monooleate (MO310), hexaglycerol monooleate (PO310), hexaglycerol pentaoleate (PO500), decaglycerol monocaprate (MCA750), decaglycerol monooleate (MO750), decaglycerol sequioleate (SO750), decaglycerol decaoleate (DAO750), alone or in combination with cosurfactants. The cosurfactant, usually a short-chain alcohol such as ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol, serves to increase the interfacial fluidity by penetrating into the surfactant film and consequently creating a disordered film because of the void space generated among surfactant molecules. Microemulsions may, however, be prepared without the use of cosurfactants and alcohol-free self-emulsifying microemulsion systems are known in the art. The aqueous phase may typically be, but is not limited to, water, an aqueous solution of the drug, glycerol, PEG300, PEG400, polyglycerols, propylene glycols, and derivatives of ethylene glycol. The oil phase may include, but is not limited to, materials such as Captex 300, Captex 355, Capmul MCM, fatty acid esters, medium chain (C 8 -C 12 ) mono, di, and triglycerides, polyoxyethylated glyceryl fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, polyglycolized glycerides, saturated polyglycolized C8-C10 glycerides, vegetable oils and silicone oil.  
       [0086] Microemulsions are particularly of interest from the standpoint of drug solubilization and the enhanced absorption of drugs. Lipid based microemulsions (both o/w and w/o) have been proposed to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs, including peptides (Constantinides et al.,  Pharmaceutical Research,  1994, 11, 1385-1390; Ritschel,  Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol.,  1993, 13, 205). Microemulsions afford advantages of improved drug solubilization, protection of drug from enzymatic hydrolysis, possible enhancement of drug absorption due to surfactant-induced alterations in membrane fluidity and permeability, ease of preparation, ease of oral administration over solid dosage forms, improved clinical potency, and decreased toxicity (Constantinides et al.,  Pharmaceutical Research,  1994, 11, 1385; Ho et al.,  J. Pharm. Sci.,  1996, 85, 138-143). Often microemulsions may form spontaneously when their components are brought together at ambient temperature. This may be particularly advantageous when formulating thermolabile drugs, peptides or oligonucleotides. Microemulsions have also been effective in the transdermal delivery of active components in both cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. It is expected that the microemulsion compositions and formulations of the present invention will facilitate the increased systemic absorption of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as improve the local cellular uptake of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids within the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, buccal cavity and other areas of administration.  
       [0087] Microemulsions of the present invention may also contain additional components and additives such as sorbitan monostearate (Grill 3), Labrasol, and penetration enhancers to improve the properties of the formulation and to enhance the absorption of the oligonucleotides and nucleic acids of the present invention. Penetration enhancers used in the microemulsions of the present invention may be classified as belonging to one of five broad categories—surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, chelating agents, and non-chelating non-surfactants (Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, p. 92). Each of these classes has been discussed above.  
       [0088] Liposomes  
       [0089] There are many organized surfactant structures besides microemulsions that have been studied and used for the formulation of drugs. These include monolayers, micelles, bilayers and vesicles. Vesicles, such as liposomes, have attracted great interest because of their specificity and the duration of action they offer from the standpoint of drug delivery. As used in the present invention, the term “liposome” means a vesicle composed of amphiphilic lipids arranged in a spherical bilayer or bilayers.  
       [0090] Liposomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles which have a membrane formed from a lipophilic material and an aqueous interior. The aqueous portion contains the composition to be delivered. Cationic liposomes possess the advantage of being able to fuse to the cell wall. Non-cationic liposomes, although not able to fuse as efficiently with the cell wall, are taken up by macrophages in vivo.  
       [0091] In order to cross intact mammalian skin, lipid vesicles must pass through a series of fine pores, each with a diameter less than 50 nm, under the influence of a suitable transdermal gradient. Therefore, it is desirable to use a liposome which is highly deformable and able to pass through such fine pores.  
       [0092] Further advantages of liposomes include; liposomes obtained from natural phospholipids are biocompatible and biodegradable; liposomes can incorporate a wide range of water and lipid soluble drugs; liposomes can protect encapsulated drugs in their internal compartments from metabolism and degradation (Rosoff, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245). Important considerations in the preparation of liposome formulations are the lipid surface charge, vesicle size and the aqueous volume of the liposomes.  
       [0093] Liposomes are useful for the transfer and delivery of active ingredients to the site of action. Because the liposomal membrane is structurally similar to biological membranes, when liposomes are applied to a tissue, the liposomes start to merge with the cellular membranes and as the merging of the liposome and cell progresses, the liposomal contents are emptied into the cell where the active agent may act.  
       [0094] Liposomal formulations have been the focus of extensive investigation as the mode of delivery for many drugs. There is growing evidence that for topical administration, liposomes present several advantages over other formulations. Such advantages include reduced side-effects related to high systemic absorption of the administered drug, increased accumulation of the administered drug at the desired target, and the ability to administer a wide variety of drugs, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, into the skin.  
       [0095] Several reports have detailed the ability of liposomes to deliver agents including high-molecular weight DNA into the skin. Compounds including analgesics, antibodies, hormones and high-molecular weight DNAs have been administered to the skin. The majority of applications resulted in the targeting of the upper epidermis.  
       [0096] Liposomes fall into two broad classes. Cationic liposomes are positively charged liposomes which interact with the negatively charged DNA molecules to form a stable complex. The positively charged DNA/liposome complex binds to the negatively charged cell surface and is internalized in an endosome. Due to the acidic pH within the endosome, the liposomes are ruptured, releasing their contents into the cell cytoplasm (Wang et al.,  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,  1987, 147, 980-985).  
       [0097] Liposomes which are pH-sensitive or negatively-charged, entrap DNA rather than complex with it. Since both the DNA and the lipid are similarly charged, repulsion rather than complex formation occurs. Nevertheless, some DNA is entrapped within the aqueous interior of these liposomes. pH-sensitive liposomes have been used to deliver DNA encoding the thymidine kinase gene to cell monolayers in culture. Expression of the exogenous gene was detected in the target cells (Zhou et al.,  Journal of Controlled Release,  1992, 19, 269-274).  
       [0098] One major type of liposomal composition includes phospholipids other than naturally-derived phosphatidylcholine. Neutral liposome compositions, for example, can be formed from dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Anionic liposome compositions generally are formed from dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, while anionic fusogenic liposomes are formed primarily from dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). Another type of liposomal composition is formed from phosphatidylcholine (PC) such as, for example, soybean PC, and egg PC. Another type is formed from mixtures of phospholipid and/or phosphatidylcholine and/or cholesterol.  
       [0099] Several studies have assessed the topical delivery of liposomal drug formulations to the skin. Application of liposomes containing interferon to guinea pig skin resulted in a reduction of skin herpes sores while delivery of interferon via other means (e.g. as a solution or as an emulsion) were ineffective (Weiner et al.,  Journal of Drug Targeting,  1992, 2, 405-410). Further, an additional study tested the efficacy of interferon administered as part of a liposomal formulation to the administration of interferon using an aqueous system, and concluded that the liposomal formulation was superior to aqueous administration (du Plessis et al.,  Antiviral Research,  1992, 18, 259-265).  
       [0100] Non-ionic liposomal systems have also been examined to determine their utility in the delivery of drugs to the skin, in particular systems comprising non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol. Non-ionic liposomal formulations comprising Novasome™ I (glyceryl dilaurate/cholesterol/polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) and Novasome™ II (glyceryl distearate/cholesterol/polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) were used to deliver cyclosporin-A into the dermis of mouse skin. Results indicated that such non-ionic liposomal systems were effective in facilitating the deposition of cyclosporin-A into different layers of the skin (Hu et al.  S.T.P.Pharma. Sci.,  1994, 4, 6, 466).  
       [0101] Liposomes also include “sterically stabilized” liposomes, a term which, as used herein, refers to liposomes comprising one or more specialized lipids that, when incorporated into liposomes, result in enhanced circulation lifetimes relative to liposomes lacking such specialized lipids. Examples of sterically stabilized liposomes are those in which part of the vesicle-forming lipid portion of the liposome (A) comprises one or more glycolipids, such as monosialoganglioside G M1 , or (B) is derivatized with one or more hydrophilic polymers, such as a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is thought in the art that, at least for sterically stabilized liposomes containing gangliosides, sphingomyelin, or PEG-derivatized lipids, the enhanced circulation half-life of these sterically stabilized liposomes derives from a reduced uptake into cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (Allen et al.,  FEBS Letters,  1987, 223, 42; Wu et al.,  Cancer Research,  1993, 53, 3765).  
       [0102] Various liposomes comprising one or more glycolipids are known in the art. Papahadjopoulos et al. ( Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.,  1987, 507, 64) reported the ability of monosialoganglioside G M1 , galactocerebroside sulfate and phosphatidylinositol to improve blood half-lives of liposomes. These findings were expounded upon by Gabizon et al. ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,  1988, 85, 6949). U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,028 and WO 88/04924, both to Allen et al., disclose liposomes comprising (1) sphingomyelin and (2) the ganglioside G M1  or a galactocerebroside sulfate ester. U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,152 (Webb et al.) discloses liposomes comprising sphingomyelin. Liposomes comprising 1,2-sn-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine are disclosed in WO 97/13499 (Lim et al.).  
       [0103] Many liposomes comprising lipids derivatized with one or more hydrophilic polymers, and methods of preparation thereof, are known in the art. Sunamoto et al. ( Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,  1980, 53, 2778) described liposomes comprising a nonionic detergent, 2C 12 15G, that contains a PEG moiety. Illum et al. ( FEBS Lett.,  1984, 167, 79) noted that hydrophilic coating of polystyrene particles with polymeric glycols results in significantly enhanced blood half-lives. Synthetic phospholipids modified by the attachment of carboxylic groups of polyalkylene glycols (e.g., PEG) are described by Sears (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,426,330 and 4,534,899). Klibanov et al. ( FEBS Lett.,  1990, 268, 235) described experiments demonstrating that liposomes comprising phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) derivatized with PEG or PEG stearate have significant increases in blood circulation half-lives. Blume et al. (Biochimica et  Biophysica Acta,  1990, 1029, 91) extended such observations to other PEG-derivatized phospholipids, e.g., DSPE-PEG, formed from the combination of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and PEG. Liposomes having covalently bound PEG moieties on their external surface are described in European Patent No. EP 0 445 131 B1 and WO 90/04384 to Fisher. Liposome compositions containing 1-20 mole percent of PE derivatized with PEG, and methods of use thereof, are described by Woodle et al. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,013,556 and 5,356,633) and Martin et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,804 and European Patent No. EP 0 496 813 B1). Liposomes comprising a number of other lipid-polymer conjugates are disclosed in WO 91/05545 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,212 (both to Martin et al.) and in WO 94/20073 (Zalipsky et al.) Liposomes comprising PEG-modified ceramide lipids are described in WO 96/10391 (Choi et al.). U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,540,935 (Miyazaki et al.) and 5,556,948 (Tagawa et al.) describe PEG-containing liposomes that can be further derivatized with functional moieties on their surfaces.  
       [0104] A limited number of liposomes comprising nucleic acids are known in the art. WO 96/40062 to Thierry et al. discloses methods for encapsulating high molecular weight nucleic acids in liposomes. U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,221 to Tagawa et al. discloses protein-bonded liposomes and asserts that the contents of such liposomes may include an antisense RNA. U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,710 to Rahman et al. describes certain methods of encapsulating oligodeoxynucleotides in liposomes. WO 97/04787 to Love et al. discloses liposomes comprising antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the raf gene.  
       [0105] Transfersomes are yet another type of liposomes, and are highly deformable lipid aggregates which are attractive candidates for drug delivery vehicles. Transfersomes may be described as lipid droplets which are so highly deformable that they are easily able to penetrate through pores which are smaller than the droplet. Transfersomes are adaptable to the environment in which they are used, e.g. they are self-optimizing (adaptive to the shape of pores in the skin), self-repairing, frequently reach their targets without fragmenting, and often self-loading. To make transfersomes it is possible to add surface edge-activators, usually surfactants, to a standard liposomal composition. Transfersomes have been used to deliver serum albumin to the skin. The transfersome-mediated delivery of serum albumin has been shown to be as effective as subcutaneous injection of a solution containing serum albumin.  
       [0106] Surfactants find wide application in formulations such as emulsions (including microemulsions) and liposomes. The most common way of classifying and ranking the properties of the many different types of surfactants, both natural and synthetic, is by the use of the hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB). The nature of the hydrophilic group (also known as the “head”) provides the most useful means for categorizing the different surfactants used in formulations (Rieger, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, p. 285).  
       [0107] If the surfactant molecule is not ionized, it is classified as a nonionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactants find wide application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are usable over a wide range of pH values. In general their HLB values range from 2 to about 18 depending on their structure. Nonionic surfactants include nonionic esters such as ethylene glycol esters, propylene glycol esters, glyceryl esters, polyglyceryl esters, sorbitan esters, sucrose esters, and ethoxylated esters. Nonionic alkanolamides and ethers such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, propoxylated alcohols, and ethoxylated/propoxylated block polymers are also included in this class. The polyoxyethylene surfactants are the most popular members of the nonionic surfactant class.  
       [0108] If the surfactant molecule carries a negative charge when it is dissolved or dispersed in water, the surfactant is classified as anionic. Anionic surfactants include carboxylates such as soaps, acyl lactylates, acyl amides of amino acids, esters of sulfuric acid such as alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonates, acyl isethionates, acyl taurates and sulfosuccinates, and phosphates. The most important members of the anionic surfactant class are the alkyl sulfates and the soaps.  
       [0109] If the surfactant molecule carries a positive charge when it is dissolved or dispersed in water, the surfactant is classified as cationic. Cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts and ethoxylated amines. The quaternary ammonium salts are the most used members of this class.  
       [0110] If the surfactant molecule has the ability to carry either a positive or negative charge, the surfactant is classified as amphoteric. Amphoteric surfactants include acrylic acid derivatives, substituted alkylamides, N-alkylbetaines and phosphatides.  
       [0111] The use of surfactants in drug products, formulations and in emulsions has been reviewed (Rieger, in  Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms , Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, p. 285).  
       [0112] Penetration Enhancers  
       [0113] In one embodiment, the present invention employs various penetration enhancers to effect the efficient delivery of nucleic acids, particularly oligonucleotides, to the skin of animals. Most drugs are present in solution in both ionized and nonionized forms. However, usually only lipid soluble or lipophilic drugs readily cross cell membranes. It has been discovered that even non-lipophilic drugs may cross cell membranes if the membrane to be crossed is treated with a penetration enhancer. in addition to aiding the diffusion of non-lipophilic drugs across cell membranes, penetration enhancers also enhance the permeability of lipophilic drugs.  
       [0114] Penetration enhancers may be classified as belonging to one of five broad categories, i.e., surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, chelating agents, and non-chelating non-surfactants (Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, p.92). Each of the above mentioned classes of penetration enhancers are described below in greater detail.  
       [0115] Surfactants: In connection with the present invention, surfactants (or “surface-active agents”) are chemical entities which, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, reduce the surface tension of the solution or the interfacial tension between the aqueous solution and another liquid, with the result that absorption of oligonucleotides through the mucosa is enhanced. In addition to bile salts and fatty acids, these penetration enhancers include, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether and polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether) (Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, p.92); and perfluorochemical emulsions, such as FC-43. Takahashi et al.,  J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,  1988, 40, 252).  
       [0116] Fatty acids: Various fatty acids and their derivatives which act as penetration enhancers include, for example, oleic acid, lauric acid, capric acid (n-decanoic acid), myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate, monoolein (1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol), dilaurin, caprylic acid, arachidonic acid, glycerol 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, acylcarnitines, acylcholines, Cllo alkyl esters thereof (e.g., methyl, isopropyl and t-butyl), and mono- and di-glycerides thereof (i.e., oleate, laurate, caprate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, linoleate, etc.) (Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, p.92; Muranishi,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1990, 7, 1-33; El Hariri et al.,  J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,  1992, 44, 651-654).  
       [0117] Bile salts: The physiological role of bile includes the facilitation of dispersion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins (Brunton, Chapter 38 in: Goodman &amp; Gilman&#39;s  The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,  9th Ed., Hardman et al. Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996, pp. 934-935). Various natural bile salts, and their synthetic derivatives, act as penetration enhancers. Thus the term “bile salts” includes any of the naturally occurring components of bile as well as any of their synthetic derivatives. The bile salts of the invention include, for example, cholic acid (or its pharmaceutically acceptable sodium salt, sodium cholate), dehydrocholic acid (sodium dehydrocholate), deoxycholic acid (sodium deoxycholate), glucholic acid (sodium glucholate), glycholic acid (sodium glycocholate), glycodeoxycholic acid (sodium glycodeoxycholate), taurocholic acid (sodium taurocholate), taurodeoxycholic acid (sodium taurodeoxycholate), chenodeoxycholic acid (sodium chenodeoxycholate), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), sodium tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidate (STDHF), sodium glycodihydrofusidate and polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether (POE) (Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, page 92; Swinyard, Chapter 39 In:  Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences,  18th Ed., Gennaro, ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1990, pages 782-783; Muranishi,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1990, 7, 1-33; Yamamoto et al.,  J. Pharm. Exp. Ther.,  1992, 263, 25; Yamashita et al.,  J. Pharm. Sci.,  1990, 79, 579-583).  
       [0118] Chelating Agents: Chelating agents, as used in connection with the present invention, can be defined as compounds that remove metallic ions from solution by forming complexes therewith, with the result that absorption of oligonucleotides through the mucosa is enhanced. With regards to their use as penetration enhancers in the present invention, chelating agents have the added advantage of also serving as DNase inhibitors, as most characterized DNA nucleases require a divalent metal ion for catalysis and are thus inhibited by chelating agents (Jarrett,  J. Chromatogr.,  1993, 618, 315-339). Chelating agents of the invention include but are not limited to disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), citric acid, salicylates (e.g., sodium salicylate, 5-methoxysalicylate and homovanilate), N-acyl derivatives of collagen, laureth-9 and N-amino acyl derivatives of beta-diketones (enamines)(Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, page 92; Muranishi,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1990, 7, 1-33; Buur et al.,  J. Control Rel.,  1990, 14, 43-51).  
       [0119] Non-chelating non-surfactants: As used herein, non-chelating non-surfactant penetration enhancing compounds can be defined as compounds that demonstrate insignificant activity as chelating agents or as surfactants but that nonetheless enhance absorption of oligonucleotides through the alimentary mucosa (Muranishi,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1990, 7, 1-33). This class of penetration enhancers include, for example, unsaturated cyclic ureas, 1-alkyl- and 1-alkenylazacyclo-alkanone derivatives (Lee et al.,  Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,  1991, page 92); and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone (Yamashita et al.,  J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,  1987, 39, 621-626).  
       [0120] Agents that enhance uptake of oligonucleotides at the cellular level may also be added to the pharmaceutical and other compositions of the present invention. For example, cationic lipids, such as lipofectin (Junichi et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,188), cationic glycerol derivatives, and polycationic molecules, such as polylysine (Lollo et al., PCT Application WO 97/30731), are also known to enhance the cellular uptake of oligonucleotides.  
       [0121] Other agents may be utilized to enhance the penetration of the administered nucleic acids, including glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, pyrrols such as 2-pyrrol, azones, and terpenes such as limonene and menthone.  
       [0122] Carriers  
       [0123] Certain compositions of the present invention also incorporate carrier compounds in the formulation. As used herein, “carrier compound” or “carrier” can refer to a nucleic acid, or analog thereof, which is inert (i.e., does not possess biological activity per se) but is recognized as a nucleic acid by in vivo processes that reduce the bioavailability of a nucleic acid having biological activity by, for example, degrading the biologically active nucleic acid or promoting its removal from circulation. The coadministration of a nucleic acid and a carrier compound, typically with an excess of the latter substance, can result in a substantial reduction of the amount of nucleic acid recovered in the liver, kidney or other extracirculatory reservoirs, presumably due to competition between the carrier compound and the nucleic acid for a common receptor. For example, the recovery of a partially phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in hepatic tissue can be reduced when it is coadministered with polyinosinic acid, dextran sulfate, polycytidic acid or 4-acetamido-4′isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (Miyao et al.,  Antisense Res. Dev.,  1995, 5, 115-121; Takakura et al.,  Antisense  &amp;  Nucl. Acid Drug Dev.,  1996, 6, 177-183).  
       [0124] Excipients  
       [0125] In contrast to a carrier compound, a “pharmaceutical carrier” or “excipient” is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, suspending agent or any other pharmacologically inert vehicle for delivering one or more nucleic acids to an animal. The excipient may be liquid or solid and is selected, with the planned manner of administration in mind, so as to provide for the desired bulk, consistency, etc., when combined with a nucleic acid and the other components of a given pharmaceutical composition. Typical pharmaceutical carriers include, but are not limited to, binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.); fillers (e.g., lactose and other sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, gelatin, calcium sulfate, ethyl cellulose, polyacrylates or calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc, silica, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, metallic stearates, hydrogenated vegetable oils, corn starch, polyethylene glycols, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, etc.); disintegrants (e.g., starch, sodium starch glycolate, etc.); and wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate, etc.).  
       [0126] Pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic excipient suitable for non-parenteral administration which do not deleteriously react with nucleic acids can also be used to formulate the compositions of the present invention. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, water, salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.  
       [0127] Formulations for topical administration of nucleic acids may include sterile and non-sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions in common solvents such as alcohols, or solutions of the nucleic acids in liquid or solid oil bases. The solutions may also contain buffers, diluents and other suitable additives. Pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic excipients suitable for non-parenteral administration which do not deleteriously react with nucleic acids can be used.  
       [0128] Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, water, salt solutions, alcohol, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.  
       [0129] Other Components  
       [0130] The compositions of the present invention may additionally contain other adjunct components conventionally found in pharmaceutical compositions, at their art-established usage levels. Thus, for example, the compositions may contain additional, compatible, pharmaceutically-active materials such as, for example, antipruritics, astringents, local anesthetics or anti-inflammatory agents, or may contain additional materials useful in physically formulating various dosage forms of the compositions of the present invention, such as dyes, flavoring agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opacifiers, thickening agents and stabilizers. However, such materials, when added, should not unduly interfere with the biological activities of the components of the compositions of the present invention. The formulations can be sterilized and, if desired, mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g., lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, colorings, flavorings and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously interact with the nucleic acid(s) of the formulation.  
       [0131] Aqueous suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension including, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran. The suspension may also contain stabilizers.  
       [0132] Certain embodiments of the invention provide pharmaceutical compositions containing (a) one or more antisense compounds and (b) one or more other chemotherapeutic agents which function by a non-antisense mechanism. Examples of such chemotherapeutic agents include but are not limited to daunorubicin, daunomycin, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, esorubicin, bleomycin, mafosfamide, ifosfamide, cytosine arabinoside, bis-chloroethylnitrosurea, busulfan, mitomycin C, actinomycin D, mithramycin, prednisone, hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, tamoxifen, dacarbazine, procarbazine, hexamethylmelamine, pentamethylmelamine, mitoxantrone, amsacrine, chlorambucil, methylcyclohexylnitrosurea, nitrogen mustards, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, 5-azacytidine, hydroxyurea, deoxycoformycin, 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphoramide, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR), methotrexate (MTX), colchicine, taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide (VP-16), trimetrexate, irinotecan, topotecan, gemcitabine, teniposide, cisplatin and diethylstilbestrol (DES). See, generally,  The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy,  15th Ed. 1987, pp. 1206-1228, Berkow et al., eds., Rahway, N.J. When used with the compounds of the invention, such chemotherapeutic agents may be used individually (e.g., 5-FU and oligonucleotide), sequentially (e.g., 5-FU and oligonucleotide for a period of time followed by MTX and oligonucleotide), or in combination with one or more other such chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., 5-FU, MTX and oligonucleotide, or 5-FU, radiotherapy and oligonucleotide). Anti-inflammatory drugs, including but not limited to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, and antiviral drugs, including but not limited to ribivirin, vidarabine, acyclovir and ganciclovir, may also be combined in compositions of the invention. See, generally,  The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy,  15th Ed., Berkow et al., eds., 1987, Rahway, N.J., pages 2499-2506 and 46-49, respectively). Other non-antisense chemotherapeutic agents are also within the scope of this invention. Two or more combined compounds may be used together or sequentially.  
       [0133] In another related embodiment, compositions of the invention may contain one or more antisense compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, targeted to a first nucleic acid and one or more additional antisense compounds targeted to a second nucleic acid target. Numerous examples of antisense compounds are known in the art. Two or more combined compounds may be used together or sequentially.  
       [0134] The formulation of therapeutic compositions and their subsequent administration is believed to be within the skill of those in the art. Dosing is dependent on severity and responsiveness of the disease state to be treated, with the course of treatment lasting from several days to several months, or until a cure is effected or a diminution of the disease state is achieved. Optimal dosing schedules can be calculated from measurements of drug accumulation in the body of the patient. Persons of ordinary skill can easily determine optimum dosages, dosing methodologies and repetition rates. Optimum dosages may vary depending on the relative potency of individual oligonucleotides, and can generally be estimated based on EC 50 s found to be effective in in vitro and in vivo animal models. In general, dosage is from 0.01 ug to 100 g per kg of body weight, and may be given once or more daily, weekly, monthly or yearly, or even once every 2 to 20 years. Persons of ordinary skill in the art can easily estimate repetition rates for dosing based on measured residence times and concentrations of the drug in bodily fluids or tissues. Following successful treatment, it may be desirable to have the patient undergo maintenance therapy to prevent the recurrence of the disease state, wherein the oligonucleotide is administered in maintenance doses, ranging from 0.01 ug to 100 g per kg of body weight, once or more daily, to once every 20 years.  
       [0135] While the present invention has been described with specificity in accordance with certain of its preferred embodiments, the following examples serve only to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the same.  
     
    
    
     EXAMPLES  
     Example 1  
     [0136] Nucleoside Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide Synthesis Deoxy and 2′-alkoxy Amidites  
     [0137] 2′-Deoxy and 2′-methoxy beta-cyanoethyldiisopropyl phosphoramidites were purchased from commercial sources (e.g. Chemgenes, Needham Mass. or Glen Research, Inc. Sterling Va.). Other 2′-O-alkoxy substituted nucleoside amidites are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,351, herein incorporated by reference. For oligonucleotides synthesized using 2′-alkoxy amidites, optimized synthesis cycles were developed that incorporate multiple steps coupling longer wait times relative to standard synthesis cycles.  
     [0138] The following abbreviations are used in the text: thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point (MP), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), argon (Ar), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), triethylamine (TEA), dimethyl formamide (DMF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF).  
     [0139] Oligonucleotides containing 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Me-dC) nucleotides were synthesized according to published methods (Sanghvi, et. al.,  Nucleic Acids Research,  1993, 21, 3197-3203) using commercially available phosphoramidites (Glen Research, Sterling Va. or ChemGenes, Needham Mass.) or prepared as follows:  
     [0140] Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-thymidine Intermediate for 5-methyl dC Amidite  
     [0141] To a 50 L glass reactor equipped with air stirrer and Ar gas line was added thymidine (1.00 kg, 4.13 mol) in anhydrous pyridine (6 L) at ambient temperature. Dimethoxytrityl (DMT) chloride (1.47 kg, 4.34 mol, 1.05 eq) was added as a solid in four portions over 1 h. After 30 min, TLC indicated approx. 95% product, 2% thymidine, 5% DMT reagent and by-products and 2% 3′,5′-bis DMT product (Rf in EtOAc 0.45, 0.05, 0.98, 0.95 respectively). Saturated sodium bicarbonate (4 L) and CH 2 Cl 2  were added with stirring (pH of the aqueous layer 7.5). An additional 18 L of water was added, the mixture was stirred, the phases were separated, and the organic layer was transferred to a second 50 L vessel. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional CH 2 Cl 2  (2×2 L). The combined organic layer was washed with water (10 L) and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator to approx. 3.6 kg total weight. This was redissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (3.5 L), added to the reactor followed by water (6 L) and hexanes (13 L). The mixture was vigorously stirred and seeded to give a fine white suspended solid starting at the interface. After stirring for 1 h, the suspension was removed by suction through a ½″ diameter teflon tube into a 20 L suction flask, poured onto a 25 cm Coors Buchner funnel, washed with water (2×3 L) and a mixture of hexanes- CH 2 Cl 2  (4:1, 2×3 L) and allowed to air dry overnight in pans (1″ deep). This was further dried in a vacuum oven (75° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 48 h) to a constant weight of 2072 g (93%) of a white solid, (mp 122-124° C.). TLC indicated a trace contamination of the bis DMT product. NMR spectroscopy also indicated that 1-2 mole percent pyridine and about 5 mole percent of hexanes was still present.  
     [0142] Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine Intermediate for 5-methyl-dC Amidite  
     [0143] To a 50 L Schott glass-lined steel reactor equipped with an electric stirrer, reagent addition pump (connected to an addition funnel), heating/cooling system, internal thermometer and an Ar gas line was added 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-thymidine (3.00 kg, 5.51 mol), anhydrous acetonitrile (25 L) and TEA (12.3 L, 88.4 mol, 16 eq). The mixture was chilled with stirring to −10° C. internal temperature (external −20° C.). Trimethylsilylchloride (2.1 L, 16.5 mol, 3.0 eq) was added over 30 minutes while maintaining the internal temperature below −5° C., followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). Note: the reaction is mildly exothermic and copious hydrochloric acid fumes form over the course of the addition. The reaction was allowed to warm to 0° C. and the reaction progress was confirmed by TLC (EtOAc-hexanes 4:1; R f  0.43 to 0.84 of starting material and silyl product, respectively). Upon completion, triazole (3.05 kg, 44 mol, 8.0 eq) was added the reaction was cooled to −20° C. internal temperature (external −30° C.). Phosphorous oxychloride (1035 mL, 11.1 mol, 2.01 eq) was added over 60 min so as to maintain the temperature between −20° C. and −10° C. during the strongly exothermic process, followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). The reaction was warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. TLC indicated a complete conversion to the triazole product (R f  0.83 to 0.34 with the product spot glowing in long wavelength UV light). The reaction mixture was a peach-colored thick suspension, which turned darker red upon warming without apparent decomposition. The reaction was cooled to −15° C. internal temperature and water (5 L) was slowly added at a rate to maintain the temperature below +10° C. in order to quench the reaction and to form a homogenous solution. (Caution: this reaction is initially very strongly exothermic). Approximately one-half of the reaction volume (22 L) was transferred by air pump to another vessel, diluted with EtOAc (12 L) and extracted with water (2×8 L). The combined water layers were back-extracted with EtOAc (6 L). The water layer was discarded and the organic layers were concentrated in a 20 L rotary evaporator to an oily foam. The foam was coevaporated with anhydrous acetonitrile (4 L) to remove EtOAc. (note: dioxane may be used instead of anhydrous acetonitrile if dried to a hard foam). The second half of the reaction was treated in the same way. Each residue was dissolved in dioxane (3 L) and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (750 mL) was added. A homogenous solution formed in a few minutes and the reaction was allowed to stand overnight (although the reaction is complete within 1 h).  
     [0144] TLC indicated a complete reaction (product R f  0.35 in EtOAc-MeOH 4:1). The reaction solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a dense foam. Each foam was slowly redissolved in warm EtOAc (4 L; 50° C.), combined in a 50 L glass reactor vessel, and extracted with water (2×4L) to remove the triazole by-product. The water was back-extracted with EtOAc (2 L). The organic layers were combined and concentrated to about 8 kg total weight, cooled to 0° C. and seeded with crystalline product. After 24 hours, the first crop was collected on a 25 cm Coors Buchner funnel and washed repeatedly with EtOAc (3×3L) until a white powder was left and then washed with ethyl ether (2×3L). The solid was put in pans (1″ deep) and allowed to air dry overnight. The filtrate was concentrated to an oil, then redissolved in EtOAc (2 L), cooled and seeded as before. The second crop was collected and washed as before (with proportional solvents) and the filtrate was first extracted with water (2×1L) and then concentrated to an oil. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (1 L) and yielded a third crop which was treated as above except that more washing was required to remove a yellow oily layer.  
     [0145] After air-drying, the three crops were dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 24 h) to a constant weight (1750, 600 and 200 g, respectively) and combined to afford 2550 g (85%) of a white crystalline product (MP 215-217° C.) when TLC and NMR spectroscopy indicated purity. The mother liquor still contained mostly product (as determined by TLC) and a small amount of triazole (as determined by NMR spectroscopy), bis DMT product and unidentified minor impurities. If desired, the mother liquor can be purified by silica gel chromatography using a gradient of MeOH (0-25%) in EtOAc to further increase the yield.  
     [0146] Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-deoxy-N-4-benzoyl-5-methylcytidine Penultimate Intermediate for 5-methyl dC Amidite  
     [0147] Crystalline 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (2000 g, 3.68 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (6.0 kg) at ambient temperature in a 50 L glass reactor vessel equipped with an air stirrer and argon line. Benzoic anhydride (Chem Impex not Aldrich, 874 g, 3.86 mol, 1.05 eq) was added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 8 h. TLC (CH 2 Cl 2 -EtOAc; CH 2 Cl 2 -EtOAc 4:1; R f  0.25) indicated approx. 92% complete reaction. An additional amount of benzoic anhydride (44 g, 0.19 mol) was added. After a total of 18 h, TLC indicated approx. 96% reaction completion. The solution was diluted with EtOAc (20 L), TEA (1020 mL, 7.36 mol, ca 2.0 eq) was added with stirring, and the mixture was extracted with water (15 L, then 2×10 L). The aqueous layer was removed (no back-extraction was needed) and the organic layer was concentrated in 2×20 L rotary evaporator flasks until a foam began to form. The residues were coevaporated with acetonitrile (1.5 L each) and dried (0.1 mm Hg, 25° C., 24 h) to 2520 g of a dense foam. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed a contamination of 6.3% of N4, 3′-O-dibenzoyl product, but very little other impurities.  
     [0148] THe product was purified by Biotage column chromatography (5 kg Biotage) prepared with 65:35:1 hexanes-EtOAc-TEA (4L). The crude product (800 g),dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (2 L), was applied to the column. The column was washed with the 65:35:1 solvent mixture (20 kg), then 20:80:1 solvent mixture (10 kg), then 99:1 EtOAc:TEA (17 kg). The fractions containing the product were collected, and any fractions containing the product and impurities were retained to be resubjected to column chromatography. The column was re-equilibrated with the original 65:35:1 solvent mixture (17 kg). A second batch of crude product (840 g) was applied to the column as before. The column was washed with the following solvent gradients: 65:35:1 (9 kg), 55:45:1 (20 kg), 20:80:1 (10 kg), and 99:1 EtOAc:TEA(15 kg). The column was reequilibrated as above, and a third batch of the crude product (850 g) plus impure fractions recycled from the two previous columns (28 g) was purified following the procedure for the second batch. The fractions containing pure product combined and concentrated on a 20L rotary evaporator, co-evaporated with acetontirile (3 L) and dried (0.1 mm Hg, 48 h, 25° C.) to a constant weight of 2023 g (85%) of white foam and 20 g of slightly contaminated product from the third run. HPLC indicated a purity of 99.8% with the balance as the diBenzoyl product.  
     [0149] [5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-deoxy-N 4 -benzoyl-5-methylcytidin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (5-methyl dC Amidite)  
     [0150] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-deoxy-N 4 -benzoyl-5-methylcytidine (998 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 L). The solution was co-evaporated with toluene (300 ml) at 50° C. under reduced pressure, then cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (680 g, 2.26 mol) and tetrazole (52.5 g, 0.75 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (15 ml) was added and the mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (2.5 L) and water (600 ml), and extracted with hexane (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.2 L) and extracted with a mixture of toluene (7.5 L) and hexane (6 L). The two layers were separated, the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (7:3 v/v, 3×2 L) and-water (3×2 L), and the phases were separated. The organic layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and rotary evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried to a constant weight (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1250 g an off-white foam solid (96%).  
     [0151] 2′-Fluoro Amidites  
     [0152] 2′-Fluorodeoxyadenosine Amidites  
     [0153] 2′-fluoro oligonucleotides were synthesized as described previously [Kawasaki, et. al.,  J. Med. Chem.,  1993, 36, 831-841] and U.S. Pat. No. 5,670,633, herein incorporated by reference. The preparation of 2′-fluoropyrimidines containing a 5-methyl substitution are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,493. Briefly, the protected nucleoside N6-benzoyl-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroadenosine was synthesized utilizing commercially available 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine as starting material and whereby the 2′-alpha-fluoro atom is introduced by a S N 2-displacement of a 2′-beta-triflate group. Thus N6-benzoyl-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine was selectively protected in moderate yield as the 3′,5′-ditetrahydropyranyl (THP) intermediate. Deprotection of the THP and N6-benzoyl groups was accomplished using standard methodologies to obtain the 5′-dimethoxytrityl-(DMT) and 5′-DMT-3′-phosphoramidite intermediates.  
     [0154] 2′-Fluorodeoxyguanosine  
     [0155] The synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine was accomplished using tetraisopropyldisiloxanyl (TPDS) protected 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine as starting material, and conversion to the intermediate isobutyrylarabinofuranosylguanosine. Alternatively, isobutyrylarabinofuranosylguanosine was prepared as described by Ross et al., (Nucleosides &amp; Nucleosides, 16, 1645, 1997). Deprotection of the TPDS group was followed by protection of the hydroxyl group with THP to give isobutyryl di-THP protected arabinofuranosylguanine. Selective O-deacylation and triflation was followed by treatment of the crude product with fluoride, then deprotection of the THP groups. Standard methodologies were used to obtain the 5′-DMT- and 5′-DMT-3′-phosphoramidites.  
     [0156] 2′-Fluorouridine  
     [0157] Synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorouridine was accomplished by the modification of a literature procedure in which 2,2′-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil was treated with 70% hydrogen fluoride-pyridine. Standard procedures were used to obtain the 5′-DMT and 5′-DMT-3′phosphoramidites.  
     [0158] 2′-Fluorodeoxycytidine  
     [0159] 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine was synthesized via amination of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluorouridine, followed by selective protection to give N4-benzoyl-2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine. Standard procedures were used to obtain the 5′-DMT and 5′-DMT-3′phosphoramidites.  
     [0160] 2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl) Modified Amidites  
     [0161] 2′-O-Methoxyethyl-substituted nucleoside amidites (otherwise known as MOE amidites) are prepared as follows, or alternatively, as per the methods of Martin, P., (Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1995, 78, 486-504).  
     [0162] Preparation of 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine Intermediate  
     [0163] 2,2′-Anhydro-5-methyl-uridine (2000 g, 8.32 mol), tris(2-methoxyethyl)borate (2504 g, 10.60 mol), sodium bicarbonate (60 g, 0.70 mol) and anhydrous 2-methoxyethanol (5 L) were combined in a 12 L three necked flask and heated to 130° C. (internal temp) at atmospheric pressure, under an argon atmosphere with stirring for 21 h. TLC indicated a complete reaction. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure until a sticky gum formed (50-85° C. bath temp and 100-11 mm Hg) and the residue was redissolved in water (3 L) and heated to boiling for 30 min in order the hydrolyze the borate esters. The water was removed under reduced pressure until a foam began to form and then the process was repeated. HPLC indicated about 77% product, 15% dimer (5′ of product attached to 2′ of starting material) and unknown derivatives, and the balance was a single unresolved early eluting peak.  
     [0164] The gum was redissolved in brine (3 L), and the flask was rinsed with additional brine (3 L). The combined aqueous solutions were extracted with chloroform (20 L) in a heavier-than continuous extractor for 70 h. The chloroform layer was concentrated by rotary evaporation in a 20 L flask to a sticky foam (2400 g). This was coevaporated with MeOH (400 mL) and EtOAc (8 L) at 75° C. and 0.65 atm until the foam dissolved at which point the vacuum was lowered to about 0.5 atm. After 2.5 L of distillate was collected a precipitate began to form and the flask was removed from the rotary evaporator and stirred until the suspension reached ambient temperature. EtOAc (2 L) was added and the slurry was filtered on a 25 cm table top Buchner funnel and the product was washed with EtOAc (3×2 L). The bright white solid was air dried in pans for 24 h then further dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 24 h) to afford 1649 g of a white crystalline solid (mp 115.5-116.5° C.).  
     [0165] The brine layer in the 20 L continuous extractor was further extracted for 72 h with recycled chloroform. The chloroform was concentrated to 120 g of oil and this was combined with the mother liquor from the above filtration (225 g), dissolved in brine (250 mL) and extracted once with chloroform (250 mL). The brine solution was continuously extracted and the product was crystallized as described above to afford an additional 178 g of crystalline product containing about 2% of thymine. The combined yield was 1827 g (69.4%). HPLC indicated about 99.5% purity with the balance being the dimer.  
     [0166] Preparation of 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine Penultimate Intermediate  
     [0167] In a 50 L glass-lined steel reactor, 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-uridine (MOE-T, 1500 g, 4.738 mol), lutidine (1015 g, 9.476 mol) were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (15 L). The solution was stirred rapidly and chilled to −10° C. (internal temperature). Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl chloride (1765.7 g, 5.21 mol) was added as a solid in one portion. The reaction was allowed to warm to −2° C. over 1 h. (Note: The reaction was monitored closely by TLC (EtOAc) to determine when to stop the reaction so as to not generate the undesired bis-DMT substituted side product). The reaction was allowed to warm from −2 to 3° C. over 25 min. then quenched by adding MeOH (300 mL) followed after 10 min by toluene (16 L) and water (16 L). The solution was transferred to a clear 50 L vessel with a bottom outlet, vigorously stirred for 1 minute, and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was washed successively with 10% aqueous citric acid (8 L) and water (12 L). The product was then extracted into the aqueous phase by washing the toluene solution with aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5N, 16 L and 8 L). The combined aqueous layer was overlayed with toluene (12 L) and solid citric acid (8 moles, 1270 g) was added with vigorous stirring to lower the pH of the aqueous layer to 5.5 and extract the product into the toluene. The organic layer was washed with water (10 L) and TLC of the organic layer indicated a trace of DMT-O-Me, bis DMT and dimer DMT.  
     [0168] The toluene solution was applied to a silica gel column (6 L sintered glass funnel containing approx. 2 kg of silica gel slurried with toluene (2 L) and TEA(25 mL)) and the fractions were eluted with toluene (12 L) and EtOAc (3×4 L) using vacuum applied to a filter flask placed below the column. The first EtOAc fraction containing both the desired product and impurities were resubjected to column chromatography as above. The clean fractions were combined, rotary evaporated to a foam, coevaporated with acetonitrile (6 L) and dried in a vacuum oven (0.1 mm Hg, 40 h, 40° C.) to afford 2850 g of a white crisp foam. NMR spectroscopy indicated a 0.25 mole % remainder of acetonitrile (calculates to be approx. 47 g) to give a true dry weight of 2803 g (96%). HPLC indicated that the product was 99.41% pure, with the remainder being 0.06 DMT-O-Me, 0.10 unknown, 0.44 bis DMT, and no detectable dimer DMT or 3′-O-DMT.  
     [0169] Preparation of [5′-O— (4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE T Amidite)  
     [0170] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (1237 g, 2.0 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2.5 L). The solution was co-evaporated with toluene (200 ml) at 50° C. under reduced pressure, then cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (900 g, 3.0 mol) and tetrazole (70 g, 1.0 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (20 ml) was added and the solution was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (3.5 L) and water (600 ml) and extracted with hexane (3×3L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.6 L) and extracted with the mixture of toluene (12 L) and hexanes (9 L). The upper layer was washed with DMF-water (7:3 v/v, 3×3 L) and water (3×3 L). The organic layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1526 g of an off-white foamy solid (95%).  
     [0171] Preparation of 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methylcytidine Intermediate  
     [0172] To a 50 L Schott glass-lined steel reactor equipped with an electric stirrer, reagent addition pump (connected to an addition funnel), heating/cooling system, internal thermometer and argon gas line was added 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-uridine (2.616 kg, 4.23 mol, purified by base extraction only and no scrub column), anhydrous acetonitrile (20 L), and TEA (9.5 L, 67.7 mol, 16 eq). The mixture was chilled with stirring to −10° C. internal temperature (external −20° C.).  
     [0173] Trimethylsilylchloride (1.60 L, 12.7 mol, 3.0 eq) was added over 30 min. while maintaining the internal temperature below −5° C., followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). (Note: the reaction is mildly exothermic and copious hydrochloric acid fumes form over the course of the addition). The reaction was allowed to warm to 0° C. and the reaction progress was confirmed by TLC (EtOAc, R f  0.68 and 0.87 for starting material and silyl product, respectively). Upon completion, triazole (2.34 kg, 33.8 mol, 8.0 eq) was added the reaction was cooled to −20° C. internal temperature (external −30° C.). Phosphorous oxychloride (793 mL, 8.51 mol, 2.01 eq) was added slowly over 60 min so as to maintain the temperature between −20° C. and −10° C. (note: strongly exothermic), followed by a wash of anhydrous acetonitrile (1 L). The reaction was warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h, at which point it was an off-white thick suspension. TLC indicated a complete conversion to the triazole product (EtOAc, R f  0.87 to 0.75 with the product spot glowing in long wavelength UV light). The reaction was cooled to −15° C. and water (5 L) was slowly added at a rate to maintain the temperature below +10° C. in order to quench the reaction and to form a homogenous solution. (Caution: this reaction is initially very strongly exothermic). Approximately one-half of the reaction volume (22 L) was transferred by air pump to another vessel, diluted with EtOAc (12 L) and extracted with water (2×8 L). The second half of the reaction was treated in the same way. The combined aqueous layers were back-extracted with EtOAc (8 L) The organic layers were combined and concentrated in a 20 L rotary evaporator to an oily foam. The foam was coevaporated with anhydrous acetonitrile (4 L) to remove EtOAc. (note: dioxane may be used instead of anhydrous acetonitrile if dried to a hard foam). The residue was dissolved in dioxane (2 L) and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (750 mL) was added. A homogenous solution formed in a few minutes and the reaction was allowed to stand overnight  
     [0174] TLC indicated a complete reaction (CH 2 Cl 2 -acetone-MeOH, 20:5:3, R f  0.51). The reaction solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a dense foam and slowly redissolved in warm CH 2 Cl 2  (4 L, 40° C.) and transferred to a 20 L glass extraction vessel equipped with a air-powered stirrer. The organic layer was extracted with water (2×6 L) to remove the triazole by-product. (Note: In the first extraction an emulsion formed which took about 2 h to resolve). The water layer was back-extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×2 L), which in turn was washed with water (3 L). The combined organic layer was concentrated in 2×20 L flasks to a gum and then recrystallized from EtOAc seeded with crystalline product. After sitting overnight, the first crop was collected on a 25 cm Coors Buchner funnel and washed repeatedly with EtOAc until a white free-flowing powder was left (about 3×3 L). The filtrate was concentrated to an oil recrystallized from EtOAc, and collected as above. The solid was air-dried in pans for 48 h, then further dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 17 h) to afford 2248 g of a bright white, dense solid (86%). An HPLC analysis indicated both crops to be 99.4% pure and NMR spectroscopy indicated only a faint trace of EtOAc remained.  
     [0175] Preparation of 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-4-benzoyl-5-methyl-cytidine Penultimate Intermediate:  
     [0176] Crystalline 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-cytidine (1000 g, 1.62 mol) was suspended in anhydrous DMF (3 kg) at ambient temperature and stirred under an Ar atmosphere. Benzoic anhydride (439.3 g, 1.94 mol) was added in one portion. The solution clarified after 5 hours and was stirred for 16 h. HPLC indicated 0.45% starting material remained (as well as 0.32% N4, 3′-O-bis Benzoyl). An additional amount of benzoic anhydride (6.0 g, 0.0265 mol) was added and after 17 h, HPLC indicated no starting material was present. TEA (450 mL, 3.24 mol) and toluene (6 L) were added with stirring for 1 minute. The solution was washed with water (4×4 L), and brine (2×4 L). The organic layer was partially evaporated on a 20 L rotary evaporator to remove 4 L of toluene and traces of water. HPLC indicated that the bis benzoyl side product was present as a 6% impurity. The residue was diluted with toluene (7 L) and anhydrous DMSO (200 mL, 2.82 mol) and sodium hydride (60% in oil, 70 g, 1.75 mol) was added in one portion with stirring at ambient temperature over 1 h. The reaction was quenched by slowly adding then washing with aqueous citric acid (10%, 100 mL over 10 min, then 2×4 L), followed by aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2%, 2 L), water (2×4 L) and brine (4 L). The organic layer was concentrated on a 20 L rotary evaporator to about 2 L total volume. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (6 L Buchner funnel containing 1.5 kg of silica gel wetted with a solution of EtOAc-hexanes-TEA(70:29:1)). The product was eluted with the same solvent (30 L) followed by straight EtOAc (6 L). The fractions containing the product were combined, concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a foam and then dried in a vacuum oven (50° C., 0.2 mm Hg, 8 h) to afford 1155 g of a crisp, white foam (98%). HPLC indicated a purity of &gt;99.7%.  
     [0177] Preparation of [5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N 4 -benzoyl-5-methylcytidin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE 5-Me-C Amidite)  
     [0178] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N 4 -benzoyl-5-methylcytidine (1082 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 L) and co-evaporated with toluene (300 ml) at 50° C. under reduced pressure. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (680 g, 2.26 mol) and tetrazole (52.5 g, 0.75 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (30 ml) was added, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (1 L) and water (400 ml) and extracted with hexane (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.2 L) and extracted with a mixture of toluene (9 L) and hexanes (6 L). The two layers were separated and the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (60:40 v/v, 3×3 L) and water (3×2 L). The organic layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and evaporated. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1336 g of an off-white foam (97%).  
     [0179] Preparation of [5′-O— (4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N 6 -benzoyladenosin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE A Amdite)  
     [0180] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N 6 -benzoyladenosine (purchased from Reliable Biopharmaceutical, St. Lois, MO), 1098 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (3 L) and co-evaporated with toluene (300 ml) at 50° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (680 g, 2.26 mol) and tetrazole (78.8 g, 1.24 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (30 ml) was added, and mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (1 L) and water (400 ml) and extracted with hexanes (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (1.4 L) and extracted with the mixture of toluene (9 L) and hexanes (6 L). The two layers were separated and the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (60:40, v/v, 3×3 L) and water (3×2 L). The organic layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to a sticky foam. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2.5 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1350 g of an off-white foam solid (96%).  
     [0181] Prepartion of [5′-O— (4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N 4 -isobutyrylguanosin-3′-O-yl]-2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (MOE G Amidite)  
     [0182] 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N 4 -isobutyrlguanosine (purchased from Reliable Biopharmaceutical, St. Louis, Mo., 1426 g, 2.0 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 L). The solution was co-evaporated with toluene (200 ml) at 50° C., cooled to room temperature and 2-cyanoethyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite (900 g, 3.0 mol) and tetrazole (68 g, 0.97 mol) were added. The mixture was shaken until all tetrazole was dissolved, N-methylimidazole (30 ml) was added, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 5 hours. TEA (300 ml) was added, the mixture was diluted with DMF (2 L) and water (600 ml) and extracted with hexanes (3×3 L). The mixture was diluted with water (2 L) and extracted with a mixture of toluene (10 L) and hexanes (5 L). The two layers were separated and the upper layer was washed with DMF-water (60:40, v/v, 3×3 L). EtOAc (4 L) was added and the solution was washed with water (3×4 L). The organic layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to approx. 4 kg. Hexane (4 L) was added, the mixture was shaken for 10 min, and the supernatant liquid was decanted. The residue was co-evaporated with acetonitrile (2×2 L) under reduced pressure and dried in a vacuum oven (25° C., 0.1 mm Hg, 40 h) to afford 1660 g of an off-white foamy solid (91%).  
     [0183] 2′-O-(Aminooxyethyl) Nucleoside Amidites and 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl) Nucleoside Amidites  
     [0184] 2′-(Dimethylaminooxyethoxy) Nucleoside Amidites  
     [0185] 2′-(Dimethylaminooxyethoxy) nucleoside amidites (also known in the art as 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl) nucleoside amidites) are prepared as described in the following paragraphs. Adenosine, cytidine and guanosine nucleoside amidites are prepared similarly to the thymidine (5-methyluridine) except the exocyclic amines are protected with a benzoyl moiety in the case of adenosine and cytidine and with isobutyryl in the case of guanosine.  
     [0186] 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-O 2 -2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine  
     [0187] O 2 -2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine (Pro. Bio. Sint., Varese, Italy, 100.0 g, 0.416 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (0.66 g, 0.013 eq, 0.0054 mmol) were dissolved in dry pyridine (500 ml) at ambient temperature under an argon atmosphere and with mechanical stirring. tert-Butyldiphenylchlorosilane (125.8 g, 119.0 mL, 1.1 eq, 0.458 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature. TLC (R f 0.22, EtOAc) indicated a complete reaction. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a thick oil. This was partitioned between CH 2 Cl 2  (1 L) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×1 L) and brine (1 L). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a thick oil. The oil was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of EtOAc and ethyl ether (600 mL) and cooling the solution to −10° C. afforded a white crystalline solid which was collected by filtration, washed with ethyl ether (3×200 mL) and dried (40° C., 1 mm Hg, 24 h) to afford 149 g of white solid (74.8%). TLC and NMR spectroscopy were consistent with pure product.  
     [0188] 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyluridine  
     [0189] In the fume hood, ethylene glycol (350 mL, excess) was added cautiously with manual stirring to a 2 L stainless steel pressure reactor containing borane in tetrahydrofuran (1.0 M, 2.0 eq, 622 mL). (Caution: evolves hydrogen gas).  
     [0190] 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-O 2 -2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine (149 g, 0.311 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (0.074 g, 0.003 eq) were added with manual stirring. The reactor was sealed and heated in an oil bath until an internal temperature of 160° C. was reached and then maintained for 16 h (pressure &lt;100 psig). The reaction vessel was cooled to ambient temperature and opened. TLC (EtOAc, R f  0.67 for desired product and R f 0.82 for ara-T side product) indicated about 70% conversion to the product. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (10 to 1 mm Hg) in a warm water bath (40-100° C.) with the more extreme conditions used to remove the ethylene glycol. (Alternatively, once the THF has evaporated the solution can be diluted with water and the product extracted into EtOAc). The residue was purified by column chromatography (2 kg silica gel, EtOAc-hexanes gradient 1:1 to 4:1). The appropriate fractions were combined, evaporated and dried to afford 84 g of a white crisp foam (50%), contaminated starting material (17.4 g, 12% recovery) and pure reusable starting material (20 g, 13% recovery). TLC and NMR spectroscopy were consistent with 99% pure product.  
     [0191] 2′-O-([2-phthalimidoxy)ethyl]-5′-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-5-methyluridine  
     [0192] 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (20 g, 36.98 mmol) was mixed with triphenylphosphine (11.63 g, 44.36 mmol) and N-hydroxyphthalimide (7.24 g, 44.36 mmol) and dried over P 2 O 5  under high vacuum for two days at 40° C. The reaction mixture was flushed with argon and dissolved in dry THF (369.8 mL, Aldrich, sure seal bottle). Diethyl-azodicarboxylate (6.98 mL, 44.36 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture with the rate of addition maintained such that the resulting deep red-coloration is just discharged before adding the next drop. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hrs., after which time TLC (EtOAc:hexane, 60:40) indicated that the reaction was complete. The solvent was evaporated in vacuuo and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with 60:40 EtOAc:hexane), to yield 2′-O-([2-phthalimidoxy)ethyl]-5′-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-5-methyluridine as white foam (21.819 g, 86%) upon rotary evaporation.  
     [0193] 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[(2-formadoximinooxy)ethyl]-5-methyluridine  
     [0194] 2′-O-([2-phthalimidoxy)ethyl]-5′-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-5-methyluridine (3.1 g, 4.5 mmol) was dissolved in dry CH 2 Cl 2  (4.5 mL) and methylhydrazine (300 mL, 4.64 mmol) was added dropwise at −10° C. to 0° C. After 1 h the mixture was filtered, the filtrate washed with ice cold CH 2 Cl 2 , and the combined organic phase was washed with water and brine and dried (anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 ). The solution was filtered and evaporated to afford 2′-O-(aminooxyethyl) thymidine, which was then dissolved in MeOH (67.5 mL). Formaldehyde (20% aqueous solution, w/w, 1.1 eq.) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography to yield 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[(2-formadoximinooxy) ethyl]-5-methyluridine as white foam (1.95 g, 78%) upon rotary evaporation.  
     [0195] 5′-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[N,N dimethylaminooxyethyl]-5-methyluridine  
     [0196] 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[(2-formadoximinooxy)ethyl]-5-methyluridine (1.77 g, 3.12 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of 1M pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) in dry MeOH (30.6 mL) and cooled to 10° C. under inert atmosphere. Sodium cyanoborohydride (0.39 g, 6.13 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred. After 10 minutes the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. while the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (5% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ). Aqueous NaHCO 3  solution (5%, 10 mL) was added and the product was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness. This entire procedure was repeated with the resulting residue, with the exception that formaldehyde (20% w/w, 30 mL, 3.37 mol) was added upon dissolution of the residue in the PPTS/MeOH solution. After the extraction and evaporation, the residue was purified by flash column chromatography and (eluted with 5% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to afford 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-O-[N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl]-5-methyluridine as a white foam (14.6 g, 80%) upon rotary evaporation.  
     [0197] 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine  
     [0198] Triethylamine trihydrofluoride (3.91 mL, 24.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF and TEA (1.67 mL, 12 mmol, dry, stored over KOH) and added to 5′-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2′-0-[N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl]-5-methyluridine (1.40 g, 2.4 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs and monitored by TLC (5% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ). The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (eluted with 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2 ) to afford 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (766 mg, 92.5%) upon rotary evaporation of the solvent.  
     [0199] 5′-O-DMT-2′-o-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine  
     [0200] 2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (750 mg, 2.17 mmol) was dried over P 2 O 5  under high vacuum overnight at 40° C., co-evaporated with anhydrous pyridine (20 mL), and dissolved in pyridine (11 mL) under argon atmosphere. 4-dimethylaminopyridine (26.5 mg, 2.60 mmol) and 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl chloride (880 mg, 2.60 mmol) were added to the pyridine solution and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until all of the starting material had reacted. Pyridine was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluted with 10% MeOH in CH 2 Cl 2  containing a few drops of pyridine) to yield 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(dimethylamino-oxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (1.13 g, 80%) upon rotary evaporation.  
     [0201] 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(2-N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite] 
     [0202] 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine (1.08 g, 1.67 mmol) was co-evaporated with toluene (20 mL), N,N-diisopropylamine tetrazonide (0.29 g, 1.67 mmol) was added and the mixture was dried over P 2 O 5  under high vacuum overnight at 40° C. This was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (8.4 mL) and 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N 1 ,N 1 -tetraisopropylphosphoramidite (2.12 mL, 6.08 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h under inert atmosphere. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (hexane:EtOAc 1:1). The solvent was evaporated, then the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (70 mL) and washed with 5% aqueous NaHCO 3  (40 mL). The EtOAc layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The residue obtained was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc as eluent) to afford 5′-O-DMT-2′-O-(2-N,N-dimethylaminooxyethyl)-5-methyluridine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite] as a foam (1.04 g, 74.9%) upon rotary evaporation.  
     [0203] 2′-(Aminooxyethoxy) Nucleoside Amidites  
     [0204] 2′-(Aminooxyethoxy) nucleoside amidites (also known in the art as 2′-O-(aminooxyethyl) nucleoside amidites) are prepared as described in the following paragraphs. Adenosine, cytidine and thymidine nucleoside amidites are prepared similarly.  
     [0205] N2-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite] 
     [0206] The 2′-O-aminooxyethyl guanosine analog may be obtained by selective 2′-O-alkylation of diaminopurine riboside. Multigram quantities of diaminopurine riboside may be purchased from Schering AG (Berlin) to provide 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl) diaminopurine riboside along with a minor amount of the 3′-O-isomer. 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl) diaminopurine riboside may be resolved and converted to 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)guanosine by treatment with adenosine deaminase. (McGee, D. P. C., Cook, P. D., Guinosso, C. J., WO 94/02501 A1 940203.) Standard protection procedures should afford 2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine and 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-(2-ethylacetyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine which may be reduced to provide 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine. As before the hydroxyl group may be displaced by N-hydroxyphthalimide via a Mitsunobu reaction, and the protected nucleoside may be phosphitylated as usual to yield 2-N-isobutyryl-6-O-diphenylcarbamoyl-2′-O-([2-phthalmidoxy]ethyl)-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)guanosine-3′-[(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite].  
     [0207] 2′-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy (2′-DMAEOE) Nucleoside Amidites  
     [0208] 2′-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy nucleoside amidites (also known in the art as 2′-O-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl, i.e., 2′-O—CH 2 —O—CH 2 —N(CH 2 ) 2 , or 2′-DMAEOE nucleoside amidites) are prepared as follows. Other nucleoside amidites are prepared similarly.  
     [0209] 2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl]-5-methyl Uridine  
     [0210] 2[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol (Aldrich, 6.66 g, 50 mmol) was slowly added to a solution of borane in tetrahydrofuran (1 M, 10 mL, 10 mmol) with stirring in a 100 mL bomb. (Caution: Hydrogen gas evolves as the solid dissolves). O 2 -,2′-anhydro-5-methyluridine (1.2 g, 5 mmol), and sodium bicarbonate (2.5 mg) were added and the bomb was sealed, placed in an oil bath and heated to 155° C. for 26 h. then cooled to room temperature. The crude solution was concentrated, the residue was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with hexanes (200 mL). The product was extracted from the aqueous layer with EtOAc (3×200 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed once with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluted with 5:100:2 MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2 /TEA) as the eluent. The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to afford the product as a white solid.  
     [0211] 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethyl)]-5-methyl uridine To 0.5 g (1.3 mmol) of 2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl)]-5-methyl uridine in anhydrous pyridine (8 mL), was added TEA (0.36 mL) and dimethoxytrityl chloride (DMT-Cl, 0.87 g, 2 eq.) and the reaction was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (2×200 mL). The combined CH 2 Cl 2  layers were washed with saturated NaHCO 3  solution, followed by saturated NaCl solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluted with 5:100:1 MeOH/CH 2 Cl 2 /TEA) to afford the product.  
     [0212] 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl)]-5-methyl uridine-3′-O-(cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropyl)phosphoramidite  
     [0213] Diisopropylaminotetrazolide (0.6 g) and 2-cyanoethoxy-N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidite (1.1 mL, 2 eq.) were added to a solution of 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-[2(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethyl)]-5-methyluridine (2.17 g, 3 mmol) dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (20 mL) under an atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight and the solvent evaporated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with EtOAc as the eluent to afford the title compound.  
     Example 2  
     [0214] Oligonucleotide Synthesis  
     [0215] Unsubstituted and substituted phosphodiester (P═O) oligonucleotides are synthesized on an automated DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems model 394) using standard phosphoramidite chemistry with oxidation by iodine.  
     [0216] Phosphorothioates (P═S) are synthesized similar to phosphodiester oligonucleotides with the following exceptions: thiation was effected by utilizing a 10% w/v solution of 3H-1,2-benzodithiole-3-one 1,1-dioxide in acetonitrile for the oxidation of the phosphite linkages. The thiation reaction step time was increased to 180 sec and preceded by the normal capping step. After cleavage from the CPG column and deblocking in concentrated ammonium hydroxide at 55° C. (12-16 hr), the oligonucleotides were recovered by precipitating with &gt;3 volumes of ethanol from a 1 M NH 4 oAc solution. Phosphinate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,270, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0217] Alkyl phosphonate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,863, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0218] 3′-Deoxy-3′-methylene phosphonate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,610,289 or 5,625,050, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0219] Phosphoramidite oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,775 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,878, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0220] Alkylphosphonothioate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in published PCT applications PCT/US94/00902 and PCT/US93/06976 (published as WO 94/17093 and WO 94/02499, respectively), herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0221] 3′-Deoxy-3′-amino phosphoramidate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,925, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0222] Phosphotriester oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,023,243, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0223] Borano phosphate oligonucleotides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,130,302 and 5,177,198, both herein incorporated by reference.  
     Example 3  
     Oligonucleoside Synthesis  
     [0224] Methylenemethylimino linked oligonucleosides, also identified as MMI linked oligonucleosides, methylenedimethylhydrazo linked oligonucleosides, also identified as MDH linked oligonucleosides, and methylenecarbonylamino linked oligonucleosides, also identified as amide-3 linked oligonucleosides, and methyleneaminocarbonyl linked oligonucleosides, also identified as amide-4 linked oligonucleosides, as well as mixed backbone compounds having, for instance, alternating MMI and P═O or P═S linkages are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,378,825, 5,386,023, 5,489,677, 5,602,240 and 5,610,289, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0225] Formacetal and thioformacetal linked oligonucleosides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,264,562 and 5,264,564, herein incorporated by reference.  
     [0226] Ethylene oxide linked oligonucleosides are prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,618, herein incorporated by reference.  
     Example 4  
     [0227] PNA Synthesis  
     [0228] Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are prepared in accordance with any of the various procedures referred to in Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA): Synthesis, Properties and Potential Applications,  Bioorganic  &amp;  Medicinal Chemistry,  1996, 4, 5-23. They may also be prepared in accordance with U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,539,082, 5,700,922, and 5,719,262, herein incorporated by reference.  
     Example 5  
     [0229] Synthesis of Chimeric Oligonucleotides  
     [0230] Chimeric oligonucleotides, oligonucleosides or mixed oligonucleotides/oligonucleosides of the invention can be of several different types. These include a first type wherein the “gap” segment of linked nucleosides is positioned between 5′ and 3′ “wing” segments of linked nucleosides and a second “open end” type wherein the “gap” segment is located at either the 3′ or the 5′ terminus of the oligomeric compound. Oligonucleotides of the first type are also known in the art as “gapmers” or gapped oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides of the second type are also known in the art as “hemimers” or “wingmers”.  
     [0231] [2′-O-Me]-[2′-deoxy]-[2′-O-Me] Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides  
     [0232] Chimeric oligonucleotides having 2′-O-alkyl phosphorothioate and 2′-deoxy phosphorothioate oligonucleotide segments are synthesized using an Applied Biosystems automated DNA synthesizer Model 394, as above. Oligonucleotides are synthesized using the automated synthesizer and 2′-deoxy-5′-dimethoxytrityl-3′-O-phosphoramidite for the DNA portion and 5′-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-methyl-3′-O-phosphoramidite for 5′ and 3′ wings. The standard synthesis cycle is modified by incorporating coupling steps with increased reaction times for the 5′-dimethoxytrityl-2′-O-methyl-3′-O-phosphoramidite. The fully protected oligonucleotide is cleaved from the support and deprotected in concentrated ammonia (NH 4 OH) for 12-16 hr at 55° C. The deprotected oligo is then recovered by an appropriate method (precipitation, column chromatography, volume reduced in vacuo and analyzed spetrophotometrically for yield and for purity by capillary electrophoresis and by mass spectrometry.  
     [0233] [2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)]-[2′-deoxy]-[2′-O-(Methoxyethyl)] Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides  
     [0234] [2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]-[2′-deoxy]-[-2′-O-(methoxyethyl)] chimeric phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were prepared as per the procedure above for the 2′-O-methyl chimeric oligonucleotide, with the substitution of 2′-O-(methoxyethyl) amidites for the 2′-O-methyl amidites.  
     [0235] [2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)Phosphodiester]-[2′-deoxy Phosphorothioate]-[2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl) Phosphodiester] Chimeric Oligonucleotides  
     [0236] [2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl phosphodiester]-[2′-deoxy phosphorothioate]-[2′-O-(methoxyethyl) phosphodiester] chimeric oligonucleotides are prepared as per the above procedure for the 2′-O-methyl chimeric oligonucleotide with the substitution of 2′-O-(methoxyethyl) amidites for the 2′-O-methyl amidites, oxidation with iodine to generate the phosphodiester internucleotide linkages within the wing portions of the chimeric structures and sulfurization utilizing 3,H-1,2 benzodithiole-3-one 1,1 dioxide (Beaucage Reagent) to generate the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages for the center gap.  
     [0237] Other chimeric oligonucleotides, chimeric oligonucleosides and mixed chimeric oligonucleotides/oligonucleosides are synthesized according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,623,065, herein incorporated by reference.  
     Example 6  
     [0238] Oligonucleotide Isolation  
     [0239] After cleavage from the controlled pore glass solid support and deblocking in concentrated ammonium hydroxide at 55° C. for 12-16 hours, the oligonucleotides or oligonucleosides are recovered by precipitation out of 1 M NH 4 OAc with &gt;3 volumes of ethanol. Synthesized oligonucleotides were analyzed by electrospray mass spectroscopy (molecular weight determination) and by capillary gel electrophoresis and judged to be at least 70% full length material. The relative amounts of phosphorothioate and phosphodiester linkages obtained in the synthesis was determined by the ratio of correct molecular weight relative to the −16 amu product (+/−32+/−48). For some studies oligonucleotides were purified by HPLC, as described by Chiang et al.,  J. Biol. Chem.  1991, 266, 18162-18171. Results obtained with HPLC-purified material were similar to those obtained with non-HPLC purified material.  
     Example 7  
     [0240] Oligonucleotide Synthesis—96 Well Plate Format  
     [0241] Oligonucleotides were synthesized via solid phase P(III) phosphoramidite chemistry on an automated synthesizer capable of assembling 96 sequences simultaneously in a 96-well format. Phosphodiester internucleotide linkages were afforded by oxidation with aqueous iodine. Phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages were generated by sulfurization utilizing 3,H-1,2 benzodithiole-3-one 1,1 dioxide (Beaucage Reagent) in anhydrous acetonitrile. Standard base-protected beta-cyanoethyl-diiso-propyl phosphoramidites were purchased from commercial vendors (e.g. PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., or Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.). Non-standard nucleosides are synthesized as per standard or patented methods. They are utilized as base protected beta-cyanoethyldiisopropyl phosphoramidites.  
     [0242] Oligonucleotides were cleaved from support and deprotected with concentrated NH 4 OH at elevated temperature (55-60° C.) for 12-16 hours and the released product then dried in vacuo. The dried product was then re-suspended in sterile water to afford a master plate from which all analytical and test plate samples are then diluted utilizing robotic pipettors.  
     Example 8  
     [0243] Oligonucleotide Analysis—96-Well Plate Format  
     [0244] The concentration of oligonucleotide in each well was assessed by dilution of samples and UV absorption spectroscopy. The full-length integrity of the individual products was evaluated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in either the 96-well format (Beckman P/ACE™ MDQ) or, for individually prepared samples, on a commercial CE apparatus (e.g., Beckman P/ACE™ 5000, ABI 270). Base and backbone composition was confirmed by mass analysis of the compounds utilizing electrospray-mass spectroscopy. All assay test plates were diluted from the master plate using single and multi-channel robotic pipettors. Plates were judged to be acceptable if at least 85% of the compounds on the plate were at least 85% full length.  
     Example 9  
     [0245] Cell Culture and Oligonucleotide Treatment  
     [0246] The effect of antisense compounds on target nucleic acid expression can be tested in any of a variety of cell types provided that the target nucleic acid is present at measurable levels. This can be routinely determined using, for example, PCR or Northern blot analysis. The following cell types are provided for illustrative purposes, but other cell types can be routinely used, provided that the target is expressed in the cell type chosen. This can be readily determined by methods routine in the art, for example Northern blot analysis, ribonuclease protection assays, or RT-PCR.  
     [0247] T-24 Cells:  
     [0248] The human transitional cell bladder carcinoma cell line T-24 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Va.). T-24 cells were routinely cultured in complete McCoy&#39;s 5A basal media (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.), penicillin 100 units per mL, and streptomycin 100 micrograms per mL (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.). Cells were routinely passaged by trypsinization and dilution when they reached 90% confluence. Cells were seeded into 96-well plates (Falcon-Primaria #3872) at a density of 7000 cells/well for use in RT-PCR analysis.  
     [0249] For Northern blotting or other analysis, cells may be seeded onto 100 mm or other standard tissue culture plates and treated similarly, using appropriate volumes of medium and oligonucleotide.  
     [0250] A549 Cells:  
     [0251] The human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, Va.). A549 cells were routinely cultured in DMEM basal media (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.), penicillin 100 units per mL, and streptomycin 100 micrograms per mL (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.). Cells were routinely passaged by trypsinization and dilution when they reached 90% confluence.  
     [0252] NHDF Cells:  
     [0253] Human neonatal dermal fibroblast (NHDF) were obtained from the Clonetics Corporation (Walkersville, Md.). NHDFs were routinely maintained in Fibroblast Growth Medium (Clonetics Corporation, Walkersville, Md.) supplemented as recommended by the supplier. Cells were maintained for up to 10 passages as recommended by the supplier.  
     [0254] HEK Cells:  
     [0255] Human embryonic keratinocytes (HEK) were obtained from the Clonetics Corporation (Walkersville, Md.). HEKs were routinely maintained in Keratinocyte Growth Medium (Clonetics Corporation, Walkersville, Md.) formulated as recommended by the supplier. Cells were routinely maintained for up to 10 passages as recommended by the supplier.  
     [0256] Treatment with Antisense Compounds:  
     [0257] When cells reached 70% confluency, they were treated with oligonucleotide. For cells grown in 96-well plates, wells were washed once with 100 μL OPTI-MEM™-1 reduced-serum medium (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) and then treated with 130 μL of OPTI-MEM™-1 containing 3.75 μg/mL LIPOFECTIN™ (Invitroqen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.) and the desired concentration of oligonucleotide. After 4-7 hours of treatment, the medium was replaced with fresh medium. Cells were harvested 16-24 hours after oligonucleotide treatment.  
     [0258] The concentration of oligonucleotide used varies from cell line to cell line. To determine the optimal oligonucleotide concentration for a particular cell line, the cells are treated with a positive control oligonucleotide at a range of concentrations. For human cells the positive control oligonucleotide is selected from either ISIS 13920 (TCCGTCATCGCTCCTCAGGG, SEQ ID NO: 1) which is targeted to human H-ras, or ISIS 18078, (GTGCGCGCGAGCCCGAAATC, SEQ ID NO: 2) which is targeted to human Jun-N-terminal kinase-2 (JNK2). Both controls are 2′-O-methoxyethyl gapmers (2′-O-methoxyethyls shown in bold) with a phosphorothioate backbone. For mouse or rat cells the positive control oligonucleotide is ISIS 15770, ATGCATTCTGCCCCCAAGGA, SEQ ID NO: 3, a 2′-O-methoxyethyl gapmer (2′-O-methoxyethyls shown in bold) with a phosphorothioate backbone which is targeted to both mouse and rat c-raf. The concentration of positive control oligonucleotide that results in 80% inhibition of c-Ha-ras (for ISIS 13920) or c-raf (for ISIS 15770) mRNA is then utilized as the screening concentration for new oligonucleotides in subsequent experiments for that cell line. If 80% inhibition is not achieved, the lowest concentration of positive control oligonucleotide that results in 60% inhibition of H-ras or c-raf mRNA is then utilized as the oligonucleotide screening concentration in subsequent experiments for that cell line. If 60% inhibition is not achieved, that particular cell line is deemed as unsuitable for oligonucleotide transfection experiments.  
     Example 10  
     [0259] Analysis of Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, Type II beta Expression  
     [0260] Antisense modulation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta expression can be assayed in a variety of ways known in the art. For example, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta mRNA levels can be quantitated by, e.g., Northern blot analysis, competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Real-time quantitative PCR is presently preferred. RNA analysis can be performed on total cellular RNA or poly(A)+ mRNA. The preferred method of RNA analysis of the present invention is the use of total cellular RNA as described in other examples herein. Methods of RNA isolation are taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al.,  Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 1, pp. 4.1.1-4.2.9 and 4.5.1-4.5.3, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1993. Northern blot analysis is routine in the art and is taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al.,  Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 1, pp. 4.2.1-4.2.9, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1996. Real-time quantitative (PCR) can be conveniently accomplished using the commercially available ABI PRISM™ 7700 Sequence Detection System, available from PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif. and used according to manufacturer&#39;s instructions.  
     [0261] Protein levels of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta can be quantitated in a variety of ways well known in the art, such as immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis (immunoblotting), ELISA or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Antibodies directed to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta can be identified and obtained from a variety of sources, such as the MSRS catalog of antibodies (Aerie Corporation, Birmingham, Mich.), or can be prepared via conventional antibody generation methods. Methods for preparation of polyclonal antisera are taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., ( Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 2, pp. 11.12.1-11.12.9, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1997). Preparation of monoclonal antibodies is taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., ( Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 2, pp. 11.4.1-11.11.5, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1997).  
     [0262] Immunoprecipitation methods are standard in the art and can be found at, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., ( Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 2, pp. 10.16.1-10.16.11, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1998). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis is standard in the art and can be found at, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., ( Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 2, pp. 10.8.1-10.8.21, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1997). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are standard in the art and can be found at, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., ( Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 2, pp. 11.2.1-11.2.22, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1991).  
     Example 11  
     [0263] Poly(A)+ mRNA Isolation  
     [0264] Poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated according to Miura et al., ( Clin. Chem.,  1996, 42, 1758-1764). Other methods for poly(A)+ mRNA isolation are taught in, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., ( Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Volume 1, pp. 4.5.1-4.5.3, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1993). Briefly, for cells grown on 96-well plates, growth medium was removed from the cells and each well was washed with 200 μL cold PBS. 60 μL lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 20 mM vanadyl-ribonucleoside complex) was added to each well, the plate was gently agitated and then incubated at room temperature for five minutes. 55 μL of lysate was transferred to Oligo d(T) coated 96-well plates (AGCT Inc., Irvine Calif.). Plates were incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature, washed 3 times with 200 μL of wash buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 1 mM EDTA, 0.3 M NaCl). After the final wash, the plate was blotted on paper towels to remove excess wash buffer and then air-dried for 5 minutes. 60 μL of elution buffer (5 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6), preheated to 70° C., was added to each well, the plate was incubated on a 90° C. hot plate for 5 minutes, and the eluate was then transferred to a fresh 96-well plate.  
     [0265] Cells grown on 100 mm or other standard plates may be treated similarly, using appropriate volumes of all solutions.  
     Example 12  
     [0266] Total RNA Isolation  
     [0267] Total RNA was isolated using an RNEASY 96™ kit and buffers purchased from Qiagen Inc. (Valencia, Calif.) following the manufacturer&#39;s recommended procedures. Briefly, for cells grown on 96-well plates, growth medium was removed from the cells and each well was washed with 200 μL cold PBS. 150 μL Buffer RLT was added to each well and the plate vigorously agitated for 20 seconds. 150 μL of 70% ethanol was then added to each well and the contents mixed by pipetting three times up and down. The samples were then transferred to the RNEASY 96™ well plate attached to a QIAVAC™ manifold fitted with a waste collection tray and attached to a vacuum source. Vacuum was applied for 1 minute. 500 μL of Buffer RW1 was added to each well of the RNEASY 96™ plate and incubated for 15 minutes and the vacuum was again applied for 1 minute. An additional 500 UL of Buffer RW1 was added to each well of the RNEASY 96™ plate and the vacuum was applied for 2 minutes. 1 mL of Buffer RPE was then added to each well of the RNEASY 96™ plate and the vacuum applied for a period of 90 seconds. The Buffer RPE wash was then repeated and the vacuum was applied for an additional 3 minutes. The plate was then removed from the QIAVAC™ manifold and blotted dry on paper towels. The plate was then re-attached to the QIAVAC™ manifold fitted with a collection tube rack containing 1.2 mL collection tubes. RNA was then eluted by pipetting 170 μL water into each well, incubating 1 minute, and then applying the vacuum for 3 minutes.  
     [0268] The repetitive pipetting and elution steps may be automated using a QIAGEN Bio-Robot 9604 (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia Calif.). Essentially, after lysing of the cells on the culture plate, the plate is transferred to the robot deck where the pipetting, DNase treatment and elution steps are carried out.  
     Example 13  
     [0269] Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, Type II beta mRNA Levels  
     [0270] Quantitation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta mRNA levels was determined by real-time quantitative PCR using the ABI PRISM™ 7700 Sequence Detection System (PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) according to manufacturer&#39;s instructions. This is a closed-tube, non-gel-based, fluorescence detection system which allows high-throughput quantitation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in real-time. As opposed to standard PCR in which amplification products are quantitated after the PCR is quantitated as they accumulate. This is accomplished by including in the PCR reaction an oligonucleotide probe that anneals specifically between the forward and reverse PCR primers, and contains two fluorescent dyes. A reporter dye (e.g., FAM or JOE, obtained from either PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., Operon Technologies Inc., Alameda, Calif. or Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, Iowa) is attached to the 5′ end of the probe and a quencher dye (e.g., TAMRA, obtained from either PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., Operon Technologies Inc., Alameda, Calif. or Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, Iowa) is attached to the 3′ end of the probe. When the probe and dyes are intact, reporter dye emission is quenched by the proximity of the 3′ quencher dye. During amplification, annealing of the probe to the target sequence creates a substrate that can be cleaved by the 5′-exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase. During the extension phase of the PCR amplification cycle, cleavage of the probe by Taq polymerase releases the reporter dye from the remainder of the probe (and hence from the quencher moiety) and a sequence-specific fluorescent signal is generated. With each cycle, additional reporter dye molecules are cleaved from their respective probes, and the fluorescence intensity is monitored at regular intervals by laser optics built into the ABI PRISM™ 7700 Sequence Detection System. In each assay, a series of parallel reactions containing serial dilutions of mRNA from untreated control samples generates a standard curve that is used to quantitate the percent inhibition after antisense oligonucleotide treatment of test samples.  
     [0271] Prior to quantitative PCR analysis, primer-probe sets specific to the target gene being measured are evaluated for their ability to be “multiplexed” with a GAPDH amplification reaction. In multiplexing, both the target gene and the internal standard gene GAPDH are amplified concurrently in a single sample. In this analysis, mRNA isolated from untreated cells is serially diluted. Each dilution is amplified in the presence of primer-probe sets specific for GAPDH only, target gene only (“single-plexing”), or both (multiplexing). Following PCR amplification, standard curves of GAPDH and target mRNA signal as a function of dilution are generated from both the single-plexed and multiplexed samples. If both the slope and correlation coefficient of the GAPDH and target signals generated from the multiplexed samples fall within 10% of their corresponding values generated from the single-plexed samples, the primer-probe set specific for that target is deemed multiplexable. Other methods of PCR are also known in the art.  
     [0272] PCR reagents were obtained from Invitrogen Corporation, (Carlsbad, Calif.). RT-PCR reactions were carried out by adding 20 μL PCR cocktail (2.5×PCR buffer (−MgCl2), 6.6 mM MgCl2, 375 μM each of DATP, dCTP, dCTP and dGTP, 375 nM each of forward primer and reverse primer, 125 nM of probe, 4 Units RNAse inhibitor, 1.25 Units PLATINUM® Taq, 5 Units MuLV reverse transcriptase, and 2.5×ROX dye) to 96-well plates containing 30 μL total RNA solution. The RT reaction was carried out by incubation for 30 minutes at 48° C. Following a 10 minute incubation at 95° C. to activate the PLATINUM® Taq, 40 cycles of a two-step PCR protocol were carried out: 95° C. for 15 seconds (denaturation) followed by 60° C. for 1.5 minutes (annealing/extension).  
     [0273] Gene target quantities obtained by real time RT-PCR are normalized using either the expression level of GAPDH, a gene whose expression is constant, or by quantifying total RNA using RiboGreen™ (Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, Oreg.). GAPDH expression is quantified by real time RT-PCR, by being run simultaneously with the target, multiplexing, or separately. Total RNA is quantified using RiboGreen™ RNA quantification reagent from Molecular Probes. Methods of RNA quantification by RiboGreen™ are taught in Jones, L. J., et al, (Analytical Biochemistry, 1998, 265, 368-374).  
     [0274] In this assay, 170 μL of RiboGreen™ working reagent (RiboGreen™ reagent diluted 1:350 in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) is pipetted into a 96-well plate containing 30 μL purified, cellular RNA. The plate is read in a CytoFluor 4000 (PE Applied Biosystems) with excitation at 480 nm and emission at 520 nm.  
     [0275] Probes and primers to human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta were designed to hybridize to a human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta sequence, using published sequence information (GenBank accession number NM — 003559.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO:4). For human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta the PCR primers were: forward primer: CTGCTCTCAGTTCCCTTCAATTAAA (SEQ ID NO: 5) reverse primer: TGGCATCCATAGCACTTGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 6) and the PCR probe was: FAM-CCCAGTAGACCCAGCACAAGGGTCCT-TAMRA (SEQ ID NO: 7) where FAM is the fluorescent dye and TAMRA is the quencher dye. For human GAPDH the PCR primers were: forward primer: GAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTC(SEQ ID NO:8) reverse primer: GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC (SEQ ID NO:9) and the PCR probe was: 5′ JOE-CAAGCTTCCCGTTCTCAGCC— TAMRA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 10) where JOE is the fluorescent reporter dye and TAMRA is the quencher dye.  
     Example 14  
     [0276] Northern Blot Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, Type II beta mRNA Levels  
     [0277] Eighteen hours after antisense treatment, cell monolayers were washed twice with cold PBS and lysed in 1 mL RNAZOLTM (TEL-TEST “B” Inc., Friendswood, Tex.). Total RNA was prepared following manufacturer&#39;s recommended protocols. Twenty micrograms of total RNA was fractionated by electrophoresis through 1.2% agarose gels containing 1.1% formaldehyde using a MOPS buffer system (AMRESCO, Inc. Solon, Ohio). RNA was transferred from the gel to HYBOND™-N+ nylon membranes (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, N.J.) by overnight capillary transfer using a Northern/Southern Transfer buffer system (TEL-TEST “B” Inc., Friendswood, Tex.). RNA transfer was confirmed by UV visualization. Membranes were fixed by UV cross-linking using a STRATALINKER™ UV Crosslinker 2400 (Stratagene, Inc, La Jolla, Calif.) and then probed using QUICKHYB™ hybridization solution (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) using manufacturer&#39;s recommendations for stringent conditions.  
     [0278] To detect human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta, a human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type IT beta specific probe was prepared by PCR using the forward primer CTGCTCTCAGTTCCCTTCAATTAAA (SEQ ID NO: 5) and the reverse primer TGGCATCCATAGCACTTGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 6). To normalize for variations in loading and transfer efficiency membranes were stripped and probed for human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) RNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.).  
     [0279] Hybridized membranes were visualized and quantitated using a PHOSPHORIMAGER™ and IMAGEQUANT™ Software V3.3 (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, Calif.). Data was normalized to GAPDH levels in untreated controls.  
     Example 15  
     [0280] Antisense Inhibition of Human Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, Type II beta Expression by Chimeric Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Having 2′-MOE Wings and a Deoxy Gap  
     [0281] In accordance with the present invention, a series of oligonucleotides were designed to target different regions of the human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta RNA, using published sequences (GenBank accession number NM — 003559.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 4, residues 207001 to 245000 of GenBank accession number AC006449.19, the complement of which is incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 11, and GenBank accession number BF853882.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 12. The oligonucleotides are shown in Table 1. “Target site” indicates the first (5′-most) nucleotide number on the particular target sequence to which the oligonucleotide binds. All compounds in Table 1 are chimeric oligonucleotides (“gapmers”) 20 nucleotides in length, composed of a central “gap” region consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, which is flanked on both sides (5′ and 3′ directions) by five-nucleotide “wings”. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE)nucleotides. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The compounds were analyzed for their effect on human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR as described in other examples herein. Data are averages from two experiments in which T-24 cells were treated with the antisense oligonucleotides of the present invention. The positive control for each datapoint is identified in the table by sequence ID number. If present, “N.D.” indicates “no data”.  
                   TABLE 1                          Inhibition of human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-           kinase, type II beta mRNA levels by chimeric phosphorothioate       oligonucleotides having 2′-MOE wings and a deoxy gap                                                         TARGET                   CONTROL                   SEQ ID   TARGET       %   SEQ ID   SEQ ID       ISIS #   REGION   NO   SITE   SEQUENCE   INHIB   NO   NO                                                         152151   3′UTR   4   1921   tcctgtgagctggtgcacac   77   14   2                   152152   3′UTR   4   3276   ttcacaagcgatcttcacat   66   15   2               194373   5′UTR   4   231   ggtgcagccgccctgcagtc   13   16   2               194374   Start   4   474   agttggacgacatgcccggg   82   17   2           Codon               194375   Coding   4   921   tggacacagtcttgatgaca   70   18   2               194376   Coding   4   1037   atccacggtcaggcggtaca   73   19   2               194377   Coding   4   1096   tgcacagtgagccgatggct   61   20   2               194378   Stop   4   1720   gaagagaactacgtcaggat   44   21   2           Codon               194379   3′UTR   4   1865   tcggtgtcacaggctgcaag   90   22   2               194380   3′UTR   4   2042   gaagtcatctctagccccaa   57   23   2               194381   3′UTR   4   2333   tcacttgaatccaagggaaa   66   24   2               194382   3′UTR   4   2587   ttcctcttgacctagtggga   85   25   2               194383   3′UTR   4   2961   catcaagcctccaaactgga   9   26   2               194384   3′UTR   4   3225   tcatcccaaatccccagttc   52   27   2               194385   3′UTR   4   3298   caatctattcattcaaaatg   15   28   2               194386   3′UTR   4   3516   cagacctacctatggcccct   6   29   2               194387   intron   11   2468   tgctagacaataagcgacat   76   30   2               194388   intron   11   7781   gagtgcagtggtatgatctc   0   31   2               194389   intron:   11   15649   caggttctccctagggaaaa   7   32   2           exon           junction               194390   intron   11   16428   ctatttcatctgctttaaga   49   33   2               194391   intron   11   17367   gggcattcaagcccaaggca   0   34   2               194392   exon:   11   19537   ctcaccatacctggtggtat   36   35   2           intron           junction               194393   intron:   11   28716   gtgccaagaactaggaaggg   40   36   2           exon           junction               194394   exon:   11   28975   tctgacttactttcatggct   83   37   2           intron           junction               194395   genomic   12   167   actctagggacagaaggagc   34   38   2               194396   genomic   12   314   ccactatgctccgtcaggtg   80   39   2               194397   exon   11   32329   gaagccggtaggaacccgag   89   40   2               194398   exon   11   32375   ctttccatacacattatggc   84   41   2               194399   exon   11   32631   caaactcaaggttttgaaga   70   42   2               194400   exon   11   32995   gaatcctggccttagcccta   72   43   2               194401   exon   11   33268   ggtggagcactgcttcagtc   75   44   2               194402   exon   11   33350   aagagactgccactgagaac   54   45   2               194403   exon   11   33666   tgttgtttaaacgcactgtc   82   46   2               194404   exon   11   33894   tgccaagggacagctgagtc   79   47   2               194405   exon   11   33921   cttctgccctgggatactgg   75   48   2               194406   exon   11   34018   gggatgtgccgagcagtact   33   49   2               194407   exon   11   34082   ttccccaaaaggtggatatg   64   50   2                  
 
     [0282] As shown in Table 1, SEQ ID NOs 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 50 demonstrated at least 45% inhibition of human phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta expression in this assay and are therefore preferred. The target sites to which these preferred sequences are complementary are herein referred to as “preferred target regions” and are therefore preferred sites for targeting by compounds of the present invention. These preferred target regions are shown in Table 2. The sequences represent the reverse complement of the preferred antisense compounds shown in Table 1. “Target site” indicates the first (5′-most) nucleotide number of the corresponding target nucleic acid. Also shown in Table 2 is the species in which each of the preferred target regions was found.  
                   TABLE 2                          Sequence and position of preferred target regions identified           in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta.                                                             REV                   SITE   TARGET   TARGET       COMP OF       SEQ ID       ID   NO   SITE   SEQUENCE   SEQ ID   ACTIVE IN   NO                                                     67680   4   1921   gtgtgcaccagctcacagga   14     H. sapiens     51                   67681   4   3276   atgtgaagatcgcttgtgaa   15     H. sapiens     52               112486   4   474   cccgggcatgtcgtccaact   17     H. sapiens     53               112487   4   921   tgtcatcaagactgtgtcca   18     H. sapiens     54               112488   4   1037   tgtaccgcctgaccgtggat   19     H. sapiens     55               112489   4   1096   agccatcggctcactgtgca   20     H. sapiens     56               112491   4   1865   cttgcagcctgtgacaccga   22     H. sapiens     57               112492   4   2042   ttggggctagagatgacttc   23     H. sapiens     58               112493   4   2333   tttcccttggattcaagtga   24     H. sapiens     59               112494   4   2587   tcccactaggtcaagaggaa   25     H. sapiens     60               112496   4   3225   gaactggggatttgggatga   27     H. sapiens     61               112499   11   2468   atgtcgcttattgtctagca   30     H. sapiens     62               112502   11   16428   tcttaaagcagatgaaatag   33     H. sapiens     63               112506   11   28975   agccatgaaagtaagtcaga   37     H. sapiens     64               112508   12   314   cacctgacggagcatagtgg   39     H. sapiens     65               112509   13   2103   ctcgggttcctaccggcttc   40     H. sapiens     66               112510   13   2149   gccataatgtgtatggaaag   41     H. sapiens     67               112511   13   2405   tcttcaaaaccttgagtttg   42     H. sapiens     68               112512   13   2769   tagggctaaggccaggattc   43     H. sapiens     69               112513   13   3042   gactgaagcagtgctccacc   44     H. sapiens     70               112514   13   3124   gttctcagtggcagtctctt   45     H. sapiens     71               112515   13   3440   gacagtgcgtttaaacaaca   46     H. sapiens     72               112516   13   3668   gactcagctgtcccttggca   47     H. sapiens     73               112517   13   3695   ccagtatcccagggcagaag   48     H. sapiens     74               112519   13   3856   catatccaccttttggggaa   50     H. sapiens     75                  
 
     [0283] As these “preferred target regions” have been found by experimentation to be open to, and accessible for, hybridization with the antisense compounds of the present invention, one of skill in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, further embodiments of the invention that encompass other compounds that specifically hybridize to these sites and consequently inhibit the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta.  
     Example 16  
     [0284] Western Blot Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, Type II beta Protein Levels  
     [0285] Western blot analysis (immunoblot analysis) is carried out using standard methods. Cells are harvested 16-20 h after oligonucleotide treatment, washed once with PBS, suspended in Laemmli buffer (100 ul/well), boiled for 5 minutes and loaded on a 16% SDS-PAGE gel. Gels are run for 1.5 hours at 150 V, and transferred to membrane for western blotting. Appropriate primary antibody directed to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type II beta is used, with a radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody species. Bands are visualized using a PHOSPHORIMAGER™ (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale Calif.).  
 
    
     
       
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                                                SEQUENCE LISTING  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;160&gt; NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 75  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 1  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 1  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tccgtcatcg ctcctcaggg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 2  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 2  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgcgcgcga gcccgaaatc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 3  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 3  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgcattctg cccccaagga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 4  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 3743  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;221&gt; NAME/KEY: CDS  
               
               
                 &lt;222&gt; LOCATION: (481)...(1731)  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 4  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgcgggaaa gagccaaacc ctggcgttgg ggggcccggg cggggagccc ctcccgcggt     60  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccacagcgac gcctgcccag ccctcctccc cttccggctc cggcacgggg ccccgaggcg    120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcggaggcc aggcgggttt ctgtcaggcc cggggaggag gggcgggcgg ggcggccgct    180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcctccccgg gacgggccgt accacgcgga cggggaggac ggggccaggg gactgcaggg    240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggctgcacc gcccgggggc ggggtgcgga cgggccggcg ggctccccgg ggcggggcgg    300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagggcgggg cgtggggcgg acggaaccac cggggcgggg tgggaggtaa cgggacgggc    360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcgaccatgg cgcggtgagg gagcgggggt ggggatcggt ccgggggagg cctgaggccg    420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctggcttgtg cgctgtctcc gccgcccccc tctttcgccg ccgccgccgc cgccccgggc    480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atg tcg tcc aac tgc acc agc acc acg gcg gtg gcg gtg gcg ccg ctc      528  
               
               
                 Met Ser Ser Asn Cys Thr Ser Thr Thr Ala Val Ala Val Ala Pro Leu  
               
               
                   1               5                  10                  15  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agc gcc agc aag acc aag acc aag aag aag cat ttc gtg tgc cag aaa      576  
               
               
                 Ser Ala Ser Lys Thr Lys Thr Lys Lys Lys His Phe Val Cys Gln Lys  
               
               
                              20                  25                  30  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtg aag cta ttc cgg gcc agc gag ccg atc ctc agc gtc ctg atg tgg      624  
               
               
                 Val Lys Leu Phe Arg Ala Ser Glu Pro Ile Leu Ser Val Leu Met Trp  
               
               
                          35                  40                  45  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggg gtg aac cac acg atc aat gag ctg agc aat gtt cct gtt cct gtc      672  
               
               
                 Gly Val Asn His Thr Ile Asn Glu Leu Ser Asn Val Pro Val Pro Val  
               
               
                      50                  55                  60  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atg cta atg cca gat gac ttc aaa gcc tac agc aag atc aag gtg gac      720  
               
               
                 Met Leu Met Pro Asp Asp Phe Lys Ala Tyr Ser Lys Ile Lys Val Asp  
               
               
                  65                  70                  75                  80  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aat cat ctc ttc aat aag gag aac ctg ccc agc cgc ttt aag ttt aag      768  
               
               
                 Asn His Leu Phe Asn Lys Glu Asn Leu Pro Ser Arg Phe Lys Phe Lys  
               
               
                                  85                  90                  95  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gag tat tgc ccc atg gtg ttc cga aac ctt cgg gag agg ttt gga att      816  
               
               
                 Glu Tyr Cys Pro Met Val Phe Arg Asn Leu Arg Glu Arg Phe Gly Ile  
               
               
                             100                 105                 110  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gat gat cag gat tac cag aat tca gtg acg cgc agc gcc ccc atc aac      864  
               
               
                 Asp Asp Gln Asp Tyr Gln Asn Ser Val Thr Arg Ser Ala Pro Ile Asn  
               
               
                         115                 120                 125  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agt gac agc cag ggt cgg tgt ggc acg cgt ttc ctc acc acc tac gac      912  
               
               
                 Ser Asp Ser Gln Gly Arg Cys Gly Thr Arg Phe Leu Thr Thr Tyr Asp  
               
               
                     130                 135                 140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgg cgc ttt gtc atc aag act gtg tcc agc gag gac gtg gcg gag atg      960  
               
               
                 Arg Arg Phe Val Ile Lys Thr Val Ser Ser Glu Asp Val Ala Glu Met  
               
               
                 145                 150                 155                 160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cac aac atc tta aag aaa tac cac cag ttt ata gtg gag tgt cat ggc     1008  
               
               
                 His Asn Ile Leu Lys Lys Tyr His Gln Phe Ile Val Glu Cys His Gly  
               
               
                                 165                 170                 175  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aac acg ctt ttg cca cag ttc ctg ggc atg tac cgc ctg acc gtg gat     1056  
               
               
                 Asn Thr Leu Leu Pro Gln Phe Leu Gly Met Tyr Arg Leu Thr Val Asp  
               
               
                             180                 185                 190  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggt gtg gaa acc tac atg gtg gtt acc agg aac gtg ttc agc cat cgg     1104  
               
               
                 Gly Val Glu Thr Tyr Met Val Val Thr Arg Asn Val Phe Ser His Arg  
               
               
                         195                 200                 205  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctc act gtg cat cgc aag tat gac ctc aag ggt tct acg gtt gcc aga     1152  
               
               
                 Leu Thr Val His Arg Lys Tyr Asp Leu Lys Gly Ser Thr Val Ala Arg  
               
               
                     210                 215                 220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaa gcg agc gac aag gag aag gcc aag gac ttg cca aca ttc aaa gac     1200  
               
               
                 Glu Ala Ser Asp Lys Glu Lys Ala Lys Asp Leu Pro Thr Phe Lys Asp  
               
               
                 225                 230                 235                 240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aat gac ttc ctc aat gaa ggg cag aag ctg cat gtg gga gag gag agt     1248  
               
               
                 Asn Asp Phe Leu Asn Glu Gly Gln Lys Leu His Val Gly Glu Glu Ser  
               
               
                                 245                 250                 255  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaa aag aac ttc ctg gag aaa ctg aag cgg gac gtt gag ttc ttg gca     1296  
               
               
                 Lys Lys Asn Phe Leu Glu Lys Leu Lys Arg Asp Val Glu Phe Leu Ala  
               
               
                             260                 265                 270  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cag ctg aag atc atg gac tac agc ctg ctg gtg ggc atc cac gac gtg     1344  
               
               
                 Gln Leu Lys Ile Met Asp Tyr Ser Leu Leu Val Gly Ile His Asp Val  
               
               
                         275                 280                 285  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gac cgg gca gag cag gag gag atg gag gtg gag gag cgg gca gag gac     1392  
               
               
                 Asp Arg Ala Glu Gln Glu Glu Met Glu Val Glu Glu Arg Ala Glu Asp  
               
               
                     290                 295                 300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gag gag tgt gag aat gat ggg gtg ggt ggc aac cta ctc tgc tcc tat     1440  
               
               
                 Glu Glu Cys Glu Asn Asp Gly Val Gly Gly Asn Leu Leu Cys Ser Tyr  
               
               
                 305                 310                 315                 320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggc aca cct ccg gac agc cct ggc aac ctc ctc agc ttt cct cgg ttc     1488  
               
               
                 Gly Thr Pro Pro Asp Ser Pro Gly Asn Leu Leu Ser Phe Pro Arg Phe  
               
               
                                 325                 330                 335  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttt ggt cct ggg gaa ttc gac ccc tct gtt gac gtc tat gcc atg aaa     1536  
               
               
                 Phe Gly Pro Gly Glu Phe Asp Pro Ser Val Asp Val Tyr Ala Met Lys  
               
               
                             340                 345                 350  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agc cat gaa agt tcc ccc aag aag gag gtg tat ttc atg gcc atc att     1584  
               
               
                 Ser His Glu Ser Ser Pro Lys Lys Glu Val Tyr Phe Met Ala Ile Ile  
               
               
                         355                 360                 365  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gat atc ctc acg cca tac gat aca aag aag aaa gct gca cat gct gcc     1632  
               
               
                 Asp Ile Leu Thr Pro Tyr Asp Thr Lys Lys Lys Ala Ala His Ala Ala  
               
               
                     370                 375                 380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaa acg gtg aaa cac ggg gca ggg gcc gag atc tcg act gtg aac cct     1680  
               
               
                 Lys Thr Val Lys His Gly Ala Gly Ala Glu Ile Ser Thr Val Asn Pro  
               
               
                 385                 390                 395                 400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gag cag tac tcc aaa cgc ttc aac gag ttt atg tcc aac atc ctg acg     1728  
               
               
                 Glu Gln Tyr Ser Lys Arg Phe Asn Glu Phe Met Ser Asn Ile Leu Thr  
               
               
                                 405                 410                 415  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tag ttctcttcta ccttcagccg agaccgagag actggatatg gggtcgggga          1781  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcgggactta gggagaaggg tgtatttggg ctagatggga gggtgggagc gagatcgggt   1841  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgggagggc tttagcaatg agacttgcag cctgtgacac cgaaagagac tttagctgaa   1901  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaggaggggg atgtgctgtg tgtgcaccag ctcacaggat gtaaccccac cttctgctta   1961  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccttgattt tttctcccca tttgacaccc aggttaaaaa ggggttccct ttttggtacc   2021  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgtaacctt ttaagatacc ttggggctag agatgacttc gtgggtttat ttgggttttg   2081  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttctgaaat ttcattgctc caggtttgct atttataatc atatttcatc agcctaccca   2141  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccctccccat ctttgctgct ctcagttccc ttcaattaaa gagataccca gtagacccag   2201  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacaagggtc cttccagaac caagtgctat ggatgccaga ttggagaggt cagacacctc   2261  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccctgctgc atttgctctt gtctggatta actttgtaat ttatggagta ttgtgcacaa   2321  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttcctccac ctttcccttg gattcaagtg aaaactgttg cattattcct ccatcctgtc   2381  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggaatacac caggtcaaca ccagagatct cagatcagaa tcagagatct cagaggggaa   2441  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taagttcatc ctcatgggat ggtgaggggc aggaaagcgg ctgggctctt ggacaccctg   2501  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttctcagag aaccctgtga tgatcaccca agccccaggc tgtcttagcc cctggagttc   2561  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agaagtcctc tctgtaaatc ctgcctccca ctaggtcaag aggaactaga gtacctttgg   2621  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atttatcagg accctcatgt ttaaatggtt atttcccttt gggaaaactt cagaaactga   2681  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtatcaaat gaggccctgt gccctcgatc tatttccttc ttccttctga cctcctccca   2741  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcactctta cttctagccg aactcttagc tctgggcaga tctccaagcg cctggagtgc   2801  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttttagcag agacacctcg ttaagctccg ggatgacctt gtaggagatc tgtctcccct   2861  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgcctggag agttacagcc agaaaggtgc ccccatctta gagtgtggtg tccaaacgtg   2921  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggtggcttc ctagttacat gaggatgtga tccaggaaat ccagtttgga ggcttgatgt   2981  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggttttgac ctggcctcac cttggggctg tttttccttg ttgccccgct ctagactttt   3041  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcagatctg cacccacagg cttttttgga aggagtggct tcctcgaggt gttccacctg   3101  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttcggagcc tgccacccag gccctcagaa ctgaccacag gctgctctgg ccaggagaga   3161  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aacagctctg ttgttctgca ttgggggagg tacattcctg catcttctca ccccctcaac   3221  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggaactgg ggatttggga tgagatatgg tcagacttgt agataacccc aaagatgtga   3281  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agatcgcttg tgaaaccatt ttgaatgaat agattggttt cctgtggctc cctccaaacc   3341  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggccaagcc cagcttccga agcaggaacc agcactgtct ctgtgcctga ctcacagcat   3401  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ataggtcagg aaagaatgga gacggcattc ttggacttca ctggggctgc tggattggat   3461  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggaaacctt ctggaagagg cagatggggg tcaaaccact gccttgcccc aggaaggggc   3521  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cataggtagg tctgaacaac tgccggaaga ccactacatg acttagggaa cttgaaacca   3581  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actggctcat ggagaaaaca aatttgactt gggaaaggga ttatgtagga ataatgtttg   3641  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacttgattt ccccacgtca taatgaagaa tggaagtttg gatctgctcc tcgtcaggcg   3701  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagcatctct gaagcttgga aagctgtctt ccagggttgt aa                      3743  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 5  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 25  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: PCR Primer  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 5  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgctctcag ttcccttcaa ttaaa                                           25  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 6  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 21  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: PCR Primer  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 6  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggcatccat agcacttggt t                                               21  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 7  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 26  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: PCR Probe  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 7  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccagtagac ccagcacaag ggtcct                                          26  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 8  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 19  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: PCR Primer  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 8  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaaggtgaag gtcggagtc                                                  19  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 9  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: PCR Primer  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 9  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagatggtg atgggatttc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 10  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: PCR Probe  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 10  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caagcttccc gttctcagcc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 11  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 38000  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Homo sapiens  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 11  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccggggtggg catggtacgt cccgccctcc tcgcattccc gtccctcctt cccttccgga     60  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcggtggcat cgccgccatc ttggcattcg ggttgcggga aagagccaaa ccctggcgtt    120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggggggcccg ggcggggagc ccctcccgcg gtccacagcg acgcctgccc agccctcctc    180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccttccggc tccggcacgg ggccccgagg cgttcggagg ccaggcgggt ttctgtcagg    240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccggggagg aggggcgggc ggggcggccg ctgcctcccc gggacgggcc gtaccacgcg    300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacggggagg acggggccag gggactgcag ggcggctgca ccgcccgggg gcggggtgcg    360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagcgggccg gcgggctccc cggggcgggg cgggagggcg gggcgtgggg cggacggaac    420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caccggggcg gggtgggagg taacgggacg ggcgcgacca tggcgcggtg agggagcggg    480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtggggatc ggtccggggg aggcctgagg ccgctggctt gtgcgctgtc tccgccgccc    540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccctctttcg ccgccgccgc cgccgccccg ggcatgtcgt ccaactgcac cagcaccacg    600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcggtggcgg tggcgccgct cagcgccagc aagaccaaga ccaagaagaa gcatttcgtg    660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccagaaag tgaagctatt ccgggccagc gagccgatcc tcagcgtcct gatgtggggg    720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgaaccaca cggtaaccag ctcctgcgcg cccctctgag cgcggccccg cgcgctccca    780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgccccctgc agccctgggc ccttgccccg caggccctgc cggtgacgcc tgccacccct    840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgccaagcca cttgcacgcc caccccaccc ttgcacgcct ttcggccccg tgtgcactcc    900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccgcacgcca cgcgaggcct ggtgtctctg tggtctgccg tcgccacctc cccttccctc    960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagcccttct ggcttcctgc gtgtggcgtg ctcgcttggg gcagcccatg gagcgcaaag   1020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaaggcctc agtgcagtgg agtcgctttc atccctgctt ctcctcctcc cccctcatcc   1080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtttgtgag ggtgtatatt cccccttgtt ccttacagcc ggctgccagc tctgtcaagt   1140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcagtggtc tgcccaaata gtcctctctt tctgatcgtt tggttgttgt ggctgctcaa   1200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attcttccat cctccaggcc tccttacctt tgaatgtaga actccaccct gggtttcctt   1260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttttccct cttgaacaag atgtatcaac tggagaagca caggcttcct tgaaccagac   1320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acttcacctg ggtctctctg ggttagggag aagaaagaat ggctattaac catttgagag   1380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagaggatgc ctggttataa ggagggacta ttcatagtag aaataatatg tcttcccata   1440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtttttgaag gtgatcattt taaagatgtt gacttatctg ttgtgtggct gcaatgttgt   1500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gatgatgcat agtgattatg gtcctagata ggagagatag gtcccctggg tccttagggt   1560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctttgagat tgttcaacag cccctgccag gaagttggat cctgacagtt taagctggaa   1620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gactgtttat gtggtgtttg ttcagggtct ttattctccc tcttccaacc acttgctctt   1680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccttctga ccatttcttt atgaatcccc acactaggaa tgagcagagg aagtaaaagg   1740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acccgaaaca ccaacttcac taactagaat tttggaataa ggaggatcaa gcttgggttt   1800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctgtggatt tcagttcttt aggttcactt gtgagtgctt gaaattgctc acaagaccaa   1860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcgatgacaa agagggccag caagactttg cattgctttg gcagaggagc tgaaggtgcc   1920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttgggtgga gatcgatgaa ccgtaatctg agctagggtt ttagatcttg acctgtcatt   1980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taggaaagtg catgtgtaaa ttgaggtctc tgtggtttct tggtcttggg caggttactg   2040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttcactgt catcactggt gttagtgagg gtcctgccag gatagcgagt accagtggta   2100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taatgcccag acctctagga gctgcttcgg gccaacaatc cagcccagtt tgttactcgg   2160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttcctgct gtcccagggg tcatctgaca acatttctag ggaaactggg tgatcagaat   2220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgaacccca tgtccctttc tggaagtcaa tccttgattt tgttctgcat cctgcttctc   2280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actctaccag gcctctctct gctggttctg tttctcacag aaagcaacct gtctgtagag   2340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aactggtaga ggcctgagag tcaggagtat tacagctagc tgcaatgaac cttgggtccc   2400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttattttaca catgaagaaa aggaggcctc aggtggagga ttagcttgcc tgtggttaca   2460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaagagatg tcgcttattg tctagcacca tgggactgta tcggccaagg gtggtgcctg   2520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtggctggt cttgttttct ttgcctcctg tttcttttcc tctccctcag ccaagtctca   2580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggatagatgc gaagtatagt ccggttagag aaggtgaata tatgctctgg gttatacgcc   2640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tatgcatgtc aggtcctggg agtgtgtgtg atgcatggtg ttccgatagg caggcatgag   2700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctgtccata tgtggttatg aagtttctca atagctgatg gttaggtatc acgagtcagg   2760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtcctgtga gtcctactct gttggacaaa gtggtcatct tttttctttg ctaactttaa   2820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttgaaagtt tgtttgaggg gctagttgga aaggcattga ctttaagcaa gatccgtgcc   2880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctggacata atgaacaggc atctcatggg aacttcccac cactgccctg gacaggctaa   2940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcttcagagg ccagttagtc gtaagtttta ttgcttcatc ctggtctgca gtaaggtctg   3000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atacttcagt gtccccattt gggaactgag acatctgcct agaagaagag tgtaatcttg   3060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cactcgtcta agggatcagg accacattgc cctcggtgga ctgctgcact tttttggaga   3120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttcctccct tcaaaaaaag cctactttgt aacattttgt catctgagat ttcagatacc   3180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accttttctt tagtttctca cctgtttagg catttaggca tgctggtctg tggctaatgg   3240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtttcagat aggaaggatg gatatgtctt tatctacagc agaagttagt taccctttca   3300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgaggtgatt agtttacttc taggtggaaa aagagaggac tttgaacttg gtgttgtcac   3360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggagctgct ctcatggaca agagcccatg gattttgtgg aggaagaatg tgtaggaaac   3420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaggagaaaa atcagaagac tttgcacctg tcagggaaga actagtgaag agcaaaaacc   3480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtgttttag tggatgaaat acagttccga gggtttggaa ttagggaaga gatggcctca   3540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagaggagca tggagaccat gggaggtaga cctgacttga tacttgttgg ccattttaag   3600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaccaggtat gtgtgaagcc ttaccacagg gatcagagga gcaggagcag ttgatggtga   3660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctctgtattt aaccatttga gaaactgcca aactgttctc taaagtggct gtaccatttt   3720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acatgtctac cagcagtgta taagagttcc agtatctgca tccttgtcaa cacttgttat   3780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtcttttta aagttattaa agccattctg ttgggtgtga attcgtatct cattgtgatt   3840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgtttgttt gtttgttttt gtgatggagt ctcactccgt cacccaggct ggagtgcagt   3900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtgcaatct cggctcaccg caacctccac ctcccgggtt caagcaattc tcctgcttca   3960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcctcctcag tagctgggat tacagatgcc tgccaccaca cgtggctaat ttttttattt   4020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagtagagac aaggtttcac catgtcggcc aggcttgtct caaactcctg acctcaggtg   4080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atccacctgc ctcggcctcc caaagtgctg ggattacagg catgagccat cgcacccggc   4140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcattgtga ctttgattgg catttctgtg ataactaatg atgttgagca ttttttcatg   4200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tacttactgg ccatttgtac atattctttt cttttttttt ttttcttgag acagagtctt   4260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctctgtcgc ccaggctgga gtttagtgcc acaatctcag ttcactgtaa cctccgcctc   4320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttggttcaa gcgattctcc tgcctcagcc tcccaagtac ctcggattac aggtgcctgc   4380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caccacaccc agctaacttt tgtattctta gtagatatgg agttttacca tgttgtccag   4440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctgatctca aactcctaac ctcaggtgat ccacctgcct tggcttccca gagtgctggg   4500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attacaggtg tgagccactg tgcctggcct gtacattttc tttttgttgt tgttgtagag   4560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acagggtctc gctttgttgc cgaggctggt cctgaactcc tggcctcaag tggtcctccc   4620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccttggcct cccaaaggac tgggattgca ggcatgagcc acatccccag ccttcattgg   4680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tatcttttct ttggagaatg tctattaaat tttttgccca tttacaaaga tctttttgcc   4740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cattattaaa ttgggttatc ttcttattat tgagttacaa gaattctttt tatattctag   4800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atacaggtcc cttatcagat atatgatttg caaatatttt atcctattca ttgagttgtc   4860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttttcattt ttcttttttt tttttttttt ttttttttga gatggagttt tgctctgtcg   4920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccctggctgg agtgcaacgg tgtgatcttg gctcactgca acctctgcct cccgggttca   4980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcgattctc ctgcctcagc ctcctgagta actgggatta caggtgcccg ccaccacacc   5040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggctaattt ttgtattttt agtagagaca gggttttgcc atgttggcca gactggtctc   5100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaactcctgg cctcaagcaa tccccccgcc tcggcctccc aaagtggtgg gattacaggc   5160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgagccact gcacctggcc tgcctttttc atttttctta tggtatcttt tgaagttcaa   5220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtttttaact ttaataaagt ccagtttatc ttttttgttg ttgttgtgtg tgcttttggt   5280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttatatcta agaagacatt gcctaaccca aggtcatgaa gatttactcc tttgttttct   5340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctaaaagtt ttatagttct agctcttttt tttttttttt ttttttttaa tgaattgggg   5400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttctctgta ttgcccagga tgttctcaaa cttctggcct gaagcaatcc tcccaactag   5460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agttttagct ctttctttct tcttcttctt tttttttttt taattgtatt gtggtcagaa   5520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catttaacat aagatgtact ctcatgacaa aattttaagt gtacgattat gttattgatg   5580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accatgggaa cagtgtcata gtgcagctct gtagagcgta ttcatctcgc ttgaatgaaa   5640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctttatgcct accaattaac tccccatttc ccccgccccc agcccctggc aaccaccatt   5700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctactctttg tttctatgaa ttggactgtt ttgaaacctt atataaggag aatcatgcaa   5760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tatatgtttt tctgcgacta gctgatctca gcgtaaggtg ctcaaggttc atccatgttg   5820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacatagcag aatttccttc ttttattaag gctgaatagt attctgttgt atatgtatac   5880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacattttct ttatcatctg ttgatggatt tgttttcaca ccttagctct tgtgaatagt   5940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctggagtat gtatagtttt agttcttaca tttaagtctg taatccattt tgaattcact   6000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttgggtatg gtgtgaggga cagatttatt ctttagtctg ctcaatttct ctcctacatt   6060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccaccccagt tctgttctgt ccatacattt tctttctttc ttgttttttt ttttgtttgt   6120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttttgagg cagggtctcg cgctcttgca caggctgaag tgcagtggca caatcacggc   6180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcaatgaagc ccctacctcc ccatgctcag gtgattctcc tgccttagcc acccgagtag   6240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgggactac aggcacatgc caccacaccc gactaacact tgtatttttt gaagagtcgg   6300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggttttgcca tgttgcccag gctggtctcg aaatcctggg ctcaagcgat ttgcccacct   6360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggtcttcca aagtgctagg attacaggcg tgagccactg acctccttta cctgtctttt   6420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tatcttgccc tactgcttta aaaatcttca gaggggcctg gcatggtggc tcacgcctgt   6480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatcccagca gttagggagg ccaaggtggg cggatcacct gaggtcagga gttcaagacc   6540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcctggcca acatggtgaa accccgtctc tactaaaaat acaaaaatta gtcgggcatg   6600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtggcgcatg cctgtaatcc cagctactcg ggaggctgag gcaggagaat cacttgaacc   6660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgggagacgg cggttgcatt gagccaagat ggcggcattg cactccagcc tgggtgacga   6720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaaaactcc gtctcaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa agaaaaaatc ttcagagatg gctgggagca   6780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtggcttacg cctgtgatcc cagcactttg ggaggccgag gcaggcggat cacttgaggt   6840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggagtttg acaccagcct ggccaacatg gcgaaaccct gtctctacta aaaatacaaa   6900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatttgccgg gtgtggtggc atgcgcctgt aatcccatct acccaagagg ctgaggcagg   6960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agaatggctt gaatccggga ggcggaggtt gcagtgagca gagatcgcgc cattgcactc   7020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagcctgggc gacagagtga gactccgttt caaaaaaaaa aaaatcttta gagaacattc   7080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctactcaggc ctttgaatga agtttctttt agcaggcctt cccacctcac agggagcagt   7140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggactcaaa cagcaggaga aggagaaagc aagatatgga aaggaggagt aaacaccggt   7200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agatttattg gctcctgtgg ccctctcttc ctctctggag ttgcagttct tgctttggac   7260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcctcggtc ctgtgagtgt atttctagca tgtcatgttt tctgatggtg gcaggtaaca   7320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtgattgct ggtggtggcc agcccactgc tgaaccgaca gcagaggact ggaacatgtc   7380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggaaacctg catgcctagt ccaggcatcc taggtaacaa ttcctatgaa ggtcgcacag   7440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaagtggag gcttctggac acacaagttc accagactag aactagctgc tgaattttca   7500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctccatgtt gcatattgca gaattttctt ctttttttta aaggctgaat agtattctgt   7560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtatatgta caacagaatc atacctctca ctttgagaga ctgaggtgga tggattgctt   7620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagcccaggg ctttgaaacc agcctgggca acatggcgaa aacttgtctc tactagaaat   7680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaattagct gggcatgatg gcacacctgt agtcccatct actagggagg ctgagatggg   7740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agaatcacct gagctcagga agttgaggct gcagtgagct gagatcatac cactgcactc   7800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagcctggcc tatggaagtg agaccctgtc tcaatcaatc aatcaaggaa ttttcatctc   7860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagtagatca gcatagagtg aactcattgc tttttttttt ttgagacgga gtctggttct   7920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtcacccagg ctggagcaca gtggcatgaa ctcggctcac tgcaagctcc gccttgtggg   7980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcacgccat tctcctgcct cagcctcccg agtagctggg actacaggtg cccgccatca   8040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgctccgtta attttttttt gtattttttt ttagtagaga cggggtttca ctgtgttagc   8100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggatggtc ttgatctcct gacctcatga tccgcccgcc tcggcctccc aaagtgctgg   8160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aattacaggc gtgagccact acgcccagct ctgcagatgt ctttttggtt ttgtatcccc   8220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agctcctagc atatagtaag gcccttaata cactgagtag aagtaaattg aatagaaatt   8280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggcagtctg gctgggcgcg gtggctcacg cctgtaatcc tagcactttg ggaggccgag   8340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaggtggat ctcctaaggt cgggagttcg agaccagcct ggccaacatg gagaaacccc   8400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atctctacta aaaatacaaa attagccggg catggtggtg catgcctata atccgagcta   8460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcaggaggc tgaggcagga gaattgcttg aacccgggag gcggaagttg cggtgagcac   8520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccattgcac tccagcctgg gaaaccagag caaagctcta tctcaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa   8580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaaaaaaaa attggcagtc tgagccagat taggaaaggc cttgaatgcc aggctaagca   8640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttaaaactt taccctgagg ttgagaggag cagccatgga agatttctaa gcaggagtgt   8700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcatgatct tgtagattct cctaatgtca agtgctcttg gtgcaatacc aggagaggca   8760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttaggtgcct tgtttctggc ctgatgtatg aggactggga gcctgaccct ctggccatgc   8820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagcctcatc cttctctgag cctctgctgt tcttgatgtc tgtatccctg gattctcact   8880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taattgcata ctgctttgac tttgagggtg tcagggtttt ttttcatctc cctgatgaga   8940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttataagcct cctgtttctt ttgcatgtac aacactttct ccccttgtgt tctcctcctc   9000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccacacacct acctaacaga atgaagcacg tagcagatat ttcaatagga acagttcaat   9060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgaaatggaa tagaactctc tgggatataa aatttcacac aactaaaaaa ataataataa   9120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagggctaat ccctacagtg aatcatctac atgtggccta gtagaaatga ggggtaagtc   9180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccctagtt gagatatgga ttgttcacca atgttagctg agttaaaaat ttcctaggct   9240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggccaggtg cagtagctca catctgtaat cccagcattt tgggaggctg aggcaggcag   9300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcacgaggt caggaattcg agaccagcct gaccaacatg gtgaaacccc atctttacta   9360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaatacaaa aattagcagg gcatggtgac atgcgcctgt aatcccagct actcaggaga   9420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgaggcagg agaatcgctt gaacccagga ggcagaggtt gcagtgagcg gagattctgc   9480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cactgcactc cagcctgggc aacagagcaa gactcgatct tctgacctcg tgatccgtcc   9540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccttaggcct cccaaagtgt tgggattata ggcgtgagcc actgcgccca gccgagccct   9600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaactctttg tctctgtttt ccctttaagt ctcggagcca ggcttgatat gccaggaaaa   9660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggaaatggg acagccacca cgaattgttt ctgttggcag aaaaacaaag aagtggaatg   9720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtttcctctg taggcacaga tttgacagtc acattctctt gtgagcaccc cctggaatag   9780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaactggcat gactcttctg gggttttttt tggctattgg gagggtttag ccaatgaagg   9840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtatcacaga gcttgatgct gggaatttaa aaatcaactt tattgaggaa taatttatgt   9900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atattaagtg tgcgtatttt aagtatacaa tttgatgaat ttcagcaaat gtatttgctc   9960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgtaaccat caccccaagc aacatataaa acatttctgt caccgtagaa tcacacttct  10020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catgtccctt tacactcagc accccccgcc ccctggccag gcaactcatc tcatttctct  10080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cattatagat gcctgctgta gaatttcata taaatggaat tatacaggat acactcttgt  10140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtctatgcca gtttttgcca gcagtttacc tagtgtctgc tccactgcca acttataaac  10200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taccctgccc ccagcatccc tctcaaagca cgtgcattcc tatggcttcc ttcatttctc  10260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catgagtaaa ttgggttttt tcccaactct aggaagatat ggttccccag cccagttact  10320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcattaactt gaacttcctc cattctctga catttctaaa taaaaaaggt ttgtaacata  10380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaggagcag caaattaaat gccatttccc ccatttatgc tcctggagga gttctaatga  10440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctctaggtta tcccctcact gccacctggg gcctcattga gataacagga tttgcaagga  10500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagtgggaga cacaaggctg tgccccctcc ccccagtcca ttaagtcagg actaaggttt  10560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctctgtaaa tcctgaatgc attagtggca actgggttga gggtcaaatg tcaaatactc  10620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgctgtgatg ggagaggaca tctgtggtta attagaccac taactggcta aactcgaggt  10680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggggaagggc aggatctgcc ctcatctctg caccaatgga aagctagctc tctgtctagg  10740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atccagctcc ctgaagggat gaaagtcaga aggtttgttt gcagtagagg caaggcatcc  10800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccccatct cccttagttt agtgtatggc aggacttgac atcaggaact ggccctgctt  10860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tattttattt tcttttttga gacaagatct cactcttgcc caggctagag tgcagtgcag  10920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggtgcagtc agctcactgt aacctcaaac tcctggcctc aagcaatcct cccacctcag  10980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctcctgagt agctaggatg ataggtgtac acgactatgc ctggctaatg tgtttaattt  11040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttttttttt ttgagacaga gtctcactct tgttgcccag gcagtggcgc gatctcggcc  11100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cactatacct tatgcctcct gggttcaaac gattctcctg cctcagcctc ccgagtagct  11160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaattacag gtggcttcca ccacacccag ctaatttttt tgtattttta gtagagatag  11220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtttcacca tattggccag gctggtcttg aactccttac ctcaggtgat ctgcctgcct  11280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagcttcaca tttaattatt ttttttagag atagggtctt gctgtgttgc ccagggtggt  11340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atagaactcc tggcctcaag tgatcctcct gccttggcct tccaaagtac tgggattaca  11400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcatgagcc actgtgccag gcctggccct gcttttatca ggagggtcca agtggggcag  11460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggccagaca tttactactg ctcactttaa tctattacag ccgggcgcag tggctcatgc  11520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgtaatccc agcactttgg gaggccgagg tgggtggatc acgagctcag gagatcgaga  11580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctatccaggc taacatggtg aaaccctgtc tctactaaaa atacaaaaaa ttagccaggt  11640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtggtgtcgg gcacctgtag tcccagctac tctggaggct gaggcaggag aatggtgtga  11700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acccaggagg cggagcttgc agtgagctga gatcgcacca ctgtactcca gtctgggcga  11760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacagtgaga ctctgtctat aaataaataa ataaataaat aaataaataa ataaataaat  11820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttaatctatt accttgggga tatgagttac aagtccacac aaacccatcc agcttttttt  11880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttccttgag ctaatttctt gagtgaccca caatttgtat gaagatattc aaaggcctta  11940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attaataccc acttaggttg ggagacattt atctattgat catttattat tgcatatgac  12000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaatatttat tgagtatctg ccatatatgc tagtaatggt gccaagcact gtggtgcccc  12060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaagattagt aggatgctct ttgcttagaa atataattaa agccgagcgt ggtggctcac  12120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcctgtaatc ccaacacttt gggaggccag ggcaggtgga tcacctgagg tcaagagttc  12180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagaccagcc tgaccaacat gatgaaaccc tgtctctact aaaaatacaa aaaaaaatta  12240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctggacatg gtggtgcatg cctgtaatcc cagctacttg ggaggctgag gcaggagaat  12300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacttgaggc caggaggtgg agattgcagt gagctgagat cgtgccattg cactccagcc  12360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgggcaacaa cagcaaaact ccgtctcaaa gaaaaagaaa aagaaagata aataatatag  12420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tattgcctag cttaactcta gcaggtgagg tttataggca ttaactacaa tatgagagac  12480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtgagatgg ccagaagaca gatacaaaga aaacttcagg aattccaaga tgggaaaggg  12540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tattgatggt ctagagaatc ttggaaaact tcatggagga ggtgcctttt gagctggccc  12600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttatcaggtg gagagtttca ataggtaaaa taggacaagg ttgggaactt acttgaagag  12660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagaacagaa ataaaggcag ggaggggcca ggtgtggtgg ctgacacctg taatcccaat  12720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatttgggag gccaagtctg gaggattgct tgagctcagg acagtgagaa cttgtctcta  12780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacaatacaa aaaaattagc tgggcgtggt gatgtgcacc tgtagtccca gctacttggg  12840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggctggtgt gggcagattg cttgagtcca ggaggtgaag gctgcaatga gccattgtca  12900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccactgca cttcagcctg ggtgacagaa tgagaccctg tctcaaaaaa acaaaaaaag  12960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acagagaggg aaacttggac atgcttttag caagattgtg gcatccacat tgtagcttag  13020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtctctgag gcaggtggcc tcctggctga gagccttacg ttctccttgc ttttcagatc  13080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatgagctga gcaatgttcc tgttcctgtc atgctaatgc cagatgactt caaagcctac  13140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcaagatca aggtggacaa tcatctcttc aataagtaag ttgtctactg agtggactca  13200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggttttgtgg gcagtccttt ccctcaagtc agaggcttct gaagcctcat gcatggtggg  13260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agccaaggca gcacctggca gggtgtgaca gcagcacctg gatctcagag cggacaaact  13320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggctaggaaa atgcattcgt tatgtgcctc tcatcctagt attgtcgtct cactctatta  13380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcagcctacc tccggtggcc cttggggcat gtggctgggc ccagggtgat tcatctagag  13440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccagctcagg tggcagtgag ctgctctgga gctgaggtat tcagtgtgag gctgtagcag  13500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggccccatc ttggtcttag tctgaggcag gaggttgcca ggcatgttct tggtctggga  13560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccgccagg ctcttttctg tctggctggt gtatgagcaa caggcagagc atggggctcg  13620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agggcactat ccagagtagc acttcccatt tttgtctgct gtcgcttctt ggattagcac  13680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagtgtctga aggttgtctc agatattgtt ggaaacacta gcggccgcca cacctggcac  13740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aattttgggc ctgctttaag ccctttgggg cctggatttt ccatccctct gtggaccacc  13800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccaggactat ttgctgctta cactttctcc tttctgcatg tgaatcctgg ttctattctt  13860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cattgtctca cagtccccac cacctcacta gctgggttct gtcaccccac cattcccaga  13920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgttagtcc agaggagaag attgacttga gaacatccct tagtgacctc cctctgccat  13980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtaagtaat accatcttgt tctagaagcc gtctgtctcc atagctgcca cctgttaagt  14040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggccacctaa ggagggagag gcagccctca actcagagac cagaaagaag gttgttctga  14100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccagaagaa agaaggttgt tctgactcag aggtccgggt tctcgaagtg ggcattgcac  14160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cactaccccc ttcagggtcc atggcctctg gtgaggtgct acctccttga tatcttggcc  14220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taaagcagag aacccaatct cttattttct tctatcttta ttccttttgt ccttccaaca  14280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actgtgtatg tgtttttgtt gttgttattg gtgttgtttt gagacagttt cactcttgtt  14340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcccaggctg tagtgcagtg gcacgatctt ggctcactgc aacctctgcc tcccgggttc  14400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagtgattct gctgcctcag gctcctgagt agctgggatt acaggcaccc accaccacgc  14460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccggctaatt tttttgtatt tttagtagag atggggtttc accatgttgg ccaggctggt  14520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcgaactcc tgacctcagt cagggtgatc cacctgcctc ggcctcccaa agtactggga  14580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttacaggcag gagccacctt gcccagccct gtatgtgcta tttattagat tctagcactg  14640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttactagaa gacggggtag ataaggcaga taggccactt cctttccaag aagacattcc  14700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttgatttc cttaaagcct gtcatcctgg agtagtcact gggacatatt tctgaaaggg  14760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtccctaaa caggatagct gttgtaaaga tggaggattg gtaagagtca tcatttcaag  14820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgattctct ttcctcctgg gagtctgtat tgatgaggga gtgggagggt ggagattggt  14880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccagcagcc agcagacagg gctctgtggt cccactcagt tgactgaaga cctctttaac  14940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcaggcactc ttttcctacg tcccagtgga agcccagggc agggcttcct gtaagtgacc  15000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcttcagga tgcttccaca ggaatatggc cagaggagag gggccctctg atgagagagg  15060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttttccttg tagcattcag gctgatttca cctcacagca gatgttcaca tgcaggttcc  15120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cactgtagta agcacagtgc ttgtgaggtg gagcctgcac tcaggcttat ggcccagcgg  15180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgagagttt ttttctttaa tgtatgtttt attgaagggc agcacacaca tagaaaatcg  15240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacaaatacc agttatactg ctggattact tttacaaagt gaatacaaga tgtaaagttt  15300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttaaactttt acatgctcag aatcacctgg agtgtttgtt tttcgactca actccagaat  15360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcctaagagc ctagaaacct acatgttaag tatggcagat gttcagatcc aggcaatctg  15420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggaccacac tttgaagagt tctgaagtca gaatatagat gaggctgggt gtggtggctc  15480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgcccgtaa tcccagcact ttgggaggct gaggtgggag gatcgcttga agccaggagt  15540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcaagaccag tctgggcaac atagcaagac tctgtctcta ttacaaaaaa taataataat  15600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatagaatta agatgagcaa ggggcagttc acaaagacat atctctgctt ttccctaggg  15660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agaacctgcc cagccgcttt aagtttaagg agtattgccc catggtgttc cgaaaccttc  15720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggagaggtt tggaattgat gatcaggatt accaggtatg gaggctcctg gcaacatcag  15780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggattaggg aatggaatgg ggtcaggaag ccacaggaca ggtagagaat caaaacgtgt  15840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggctgtttt tgtgctgtgt ctccctgtca tgccttgctc cagcccaggc ggtctctccc  15900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccagcactgg gggccccttg cagggcgagg gccttagaaa tgcttctgag gatgctgcac  15960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acactcaggt tcctctccct cagagggagg gcagcaggag ggagaggggt ctgcggaagc  16020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acctttattt tagtctgaca ttcccagtct aggctgaaga acccttctca ttcgtagttt  16080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacttcaaag agaactgggt ggggcatggt ggcttatgcc tgtaatccca gcactttggg  16140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggccaaggc aggtaggtca cctgaggtca ggagtttgag accagcctgg ccaacatggt  16200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaaaccctgt ctctactaaa aaatacaaaa ttagatgggc atggtgatgt gcgcctatag  16260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccacctac tctggaggct gaggcaggag aatcgcttga acctgggagg cggaggttgc  16320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcgagctga gatcacgcca ttgcactcca gcctgggcga caagagtgaa actcagtctc  16380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaaaaaaaa aagagagaga gaattgttgt tagcgagaga tgaggcctct taaagcagat  16440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaaatagatt agaaaaggaa gacttcaagg gtagtgtaac ctcttgccag gtatgagtgt  16500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacctcctaa acttgtgccc tatcctggtg gtgggagtgg ggagttggtc tgccagggca  16560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actgccccct tcagggcgtg acagtgttgt agaggccatt ggcctgttgg gaggaatcaa  16620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccagtgtc agggacatta gaatctgact cagtccatgg tttctgtcac ttctcctctt  16680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcacatctc cttggatctt cttccttggc agacagcctt gtggtgaagg tgggcgaatt  16740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttccacttca cctttacagc tgtaagaaat atagctgact tttttttttt tttttttttt  16800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgagatgga gtttcactcc tgtcatccag gctggagtgc aatggcgcga tctcggctca  16860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgcaacctc tgcctcccag gttcaagtga ttctcctgcc tcagcctccc gagtagctgg  16920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gattacaggc gcccaccacc acacccggct aattttttgc atttcttttt ttttagtaga  16980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacggggttt caccatgttg accaggatgg tttcgatctc ctgaccttgt gatctgcctg  17040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctcggcctc ccaaagtgct gggattacag gcgtgagcca ccgcacctgg cctgaaatat  17100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agctgacttt cattcatctg tggagaaaac ttttccccat agcacagtga aacctagtgt  17160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atagcacagt gaaacctaga atggatgccc aaatcttttc taacactgta gttcctccca  17220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccccacccct ttgatagagt agttcacagc agcagaaggg gccttgggtt agagtctcct  17280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccctctctc ctcctctctg gagggcttgc atgcaaagaa aagtatctcg aagaagaggg  17340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgagggtttg tgagaggagg aggagatgcc ttgggcttga atgcccagga gtgcctacac  17400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctaagaggta ctgggaggtt cctccagcct gctgttagga ttgaaccctg aactcaatca  17460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgacttgact ggggctggag gttttctgga aacttcttgc cactattgca accccaagtt  17520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctcagacag attccctcca ttgttccttg gtgaggggtt gcaagtgagg ggttcctttc  17580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctcccctgg gctgtctaac cacatcctct cagtgtctgc attttgcccc tagtagcctt  17640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgggcgcat gcccgtgctc aagactgaaa tgagggcagg gaggatggtg ctcagggagg  17700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaccctata ttcttggact accagccact tagagagtca ggggatgctg cctctacctc  17760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccaactaggc ttgcagcctg taagtcttat ggtagagagg ccaggctggg aggaagaggc  17820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctcagtcac agagtctact caacctttct gtaacgggaa cagcctgttt tttggggtgc  17880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tactttagca cctttgctga ggaactccca gagctgctta ccacctctga ctttagtttt  17940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccccatgaag gtggtcctca cttctccacc agggttttct gaggaggtat taggggaaag  18000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taaagagtag gatcctgatc agccgggcat ggtggtgcat gcctatagtc ccagctgctc  18060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggaggccga ggcgagagga tcccttgagc ccaggagttc aaggctgcag tgagctatga  18120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcgcaccact atactccagt ttgggtgaca gcaaaacacc atctttaaaa aaaaaaaaaa  18180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggctgggca cagtagctca cacctgtaat cctagcactt tgggaggctg aggcaggagg  18240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attgcttgat ctcaggagtt ctagaccagc ctgggaaaca tggcgaaact acatctctac  18300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaagctaca aaaataagcc gggcatgttg gtgcacacct gtagtcccag ctacttggta  18360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggctgaggcg ggaggatcac ttgagcccag gaggtagagg ctgcagtgag ctgagatctc  18420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accactgtac tccagcttgg gtgacagagt gagaccctgt ctctacaaaa ataataacag  18480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gatcctcatt aagagatggg gaaacatctt ggagaggaga catttctgtg acatgatccc  18540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catgtatgtt ttcttgggaa cagggacact tgggatctcc cctcaccgtt gcttcccaga  18600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtcccttgg catctgcttg gtgaacatat ccctttggtt gactcacgcc ttcccacacc  18660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctccctctta aggcttctac tgctctctga tcctaatggg agtaggacct tgaggaggag  18720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagggataca gccaggaaag ctccccaaaa ctgcctccca gccttgcata gacaagcagg  18780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggttgaggc aaggggaaag gtgtcaggct cagagatgag gatcagcttc ctgctttggg  18840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaaggttttt cagcattagg gtagatccag ggacaagaga cgaatgggca ttgcttcttt  18900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgctagacc ccttgaagac agtattttct aagcttcatc tttgctaccc ccaagagact  18960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggagaatca gctcagtctg catctttgtg ttcctgatga ggaaatgcag gggtagagaa  19020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttaaatggc tcacccaagg tcatagtgcg tgtgagagtc cagattagac tcagccccct  19080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccatcagagg cagaatttta gttggtagga tagctatctg ggatcaggat ggaaactttc  19140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acagtcagtc ctcttcccat cctagactgg gatgaagagc aggtggtaag gaacaattct  19200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtcactttg gaggaagact tagggaggga tgtgaacacc ctgtgagaaa aggggagggt  19260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaactcccat ctgggagtcc ctctatctca gtgttgttgg ctttcaagca gtccagcccc  19320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgagggaaga ctcagcgaaa gtcagaattc tgttcccctg ccaagcccag ccttcttttg  19380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctcgattat cagaattcag tgacgcgcag cgcccccatc aacagtgaca gccagggtcg  19440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgtggcacg cgtttcctca ccacctacga ccggcgcttt gtcatcaaga ctgtgtccag  19500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgaggacgtg gcggagatgc acaacatctt aaagaaatac caccaggtat ggtgagtccc  19560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagcctgggc tgcagaggat gggttggaag agggagaaga gagccctggg ggagcttctt  19620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agggaggggt tggtcctctc tggtaatggc agctgcttct gatcaccaag cagtgggact  19680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcctgcaac cgtatttctg tgagctgaaa tgcctacttt aaaaaagaaa aaaggagcca  19740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgaaggctca tcgctgactg actcccagtt ggaaagtgtt cacgcactgg catccgcccc  19800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtttcttctg aaagaggccc cctcagctcg gcaggcttgt ttcttttccc gtcccatctc  19860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tccactcatc tggaacctgt ccatgaggaa ggcagggagc cccgtggcac catctgtgtg  19920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctgtcctca gcctacttgg gtcttcattt ctggggcacc tgagaagggc cgaagggagc  19980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttctggtctt tcaggagtta tggcagaaac cctggggcat ggcatggata agagctttgg  20040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atatggagct gttctcttct cccagatggc tggatccctg gcctgcctct gcatcctgtc  20100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttccctgc ggcattccca tatcaggctg gcagaagaga tgcaaggtgt ggatcaggga  20160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttcctgtg gtagaatcct actttaaaca aaatcttagg tgagatacta ataatatgaa  20220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccacagggg ctctgagcca cctgctcagc ttgcctctcc ctctgccatg ccaacaggag  20280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctggaggtg gctgttgccc attttaagcc tgagaaaccc ctattacttc atagaaccca  20340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctggagaac tactggtcta gaggttagaa tcccagggag ccagggagca ttttagtctg  20400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggtgagccc catccatccc tggcactgcc tgttccttag tcctctctct tcttcctttc  20460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cattctagtt tatagtggag tgtcatggca acacgctttt gccacagttc ctgggcatgt  20520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accgcctgac cgtggatggt gtggaaacct acatggtggt taccaggaac gtgttcagcc  20580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcggctcac tgtgcatcgc aagtatgacc tcaaggtaaa gggctctgtg tttgccggag  20640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgtgcctcc cctctatctg agccccgaag gggccactac tccaacttcc atgtaattgg  20700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagctggag cctatgtgtt ggcatggaca gggaactctg gagtggatat gcctgattct  20760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtggaccaa aggcagtttg aagtccaggt gacagtaaca ggagattatt taagccctaa  20820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgtgccata tttatgcagc agttgatgtt cctgtctgtg gaatgtgcac agtgagggag  20880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccgtgctga cgcatgcact ttagcatcca tcaggccccc atggactgcc agcacaagtg  20940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catctctaga ctctgagaag gacacacttg tggctgtgaa ctagggtgct ccgtgttctt  21000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaacctggct tctgacttct gtcaccttat gccgccatcc cttccctctg tgctgcaact  21060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggctggttt cctctgtgtt cctgcagtgc ctgtgctcct cttcccagga tttcacatct  21120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctgtctgga atagtctcct tctctctctc cacccactcc ttcccccacc taattgcttc  21180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctccttaccc ttctgagctc agcccaaata ctacttccag gaagtaggta ggccctggcc  21240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actgtccctc cccaggccgg gcccgtgtgg tatgtgcttt cagagtgtcc tgctcctccc  21300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtaccactg agcaccgtgg tagtgaatga actaatgact tgtggaacca ctgctgaata  21360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctgtctccc ctgttagaag gaaagtagct caagggcagg gactgagctt ctccagtgca  21420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtcctgtttg ctgagcacct aaaaagtgtc ttgcacatag agctctataa gtgggcttga  21480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacagtaaat gaacaaggtg ctgcctcctg gcccctctag gactctaaca agcctacttg  21540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agttcacctg ctggctctcc catgtttgct catgcagtcg actttgcctc agcttgactt  21600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccctgatgg ctcttatcct ttcagggttc tacggttgcc agagaagcga gcgacaagga  21660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaaggtatgc tggtgctgag caggaatgga agggtcgctt ggagtcagaa acaactcctg  21720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcggccatcc tgtccctcgc ccaccccagc ccctagccca gctcccagac atgccgtctg  21780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcaacatgaa atgccgtgtg tcatgaatca cctgtctgtc cttgtgctag gcctagacct  21840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggtctctgg tcttttacct ctgccctcac tacgttcttc atagtcctgc tgggatggca  21900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacatttcta tctcatagtc cagcctgagt cagtcagtgg ctgcctgagc cctgagctgg  21960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tccaggctca acaggaaaga atcctttagt cattcctcat ctttcatgtg tttgccctcc  22020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgcccaccc aaagcctggg actagaggct cctgcactgc tgatttagca ggttgagggt  22080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggtacactg acaacccctc cttccccttt ctgtatagtt gctcccggca gaacagttgg  22140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgtccctgg ggtgaattaa tcaggcttac ccagcctaac tgctgttgct ctcctaggcc  22200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaggacttgc caacattcaa agacaatgac ttcctcaatg aagggcagaa gctgcatgtg  22260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggagaggaga gtaaaaagaa cttcctggag aaactgaagc gggacgttga ggtacttact  22320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaccttcatt ttcacctgca aggctccttc tgtacctaga gtaggcgcct cttaaacctt  22380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagaagaatg gaattcagta ctttccagga gtatggacaa aagggtggtg atttgagcag  22440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgtgggcact tatgggcacc taaagcaagt gcaaatgatc attccacctg acggagcata  22500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttggcgcca gtaggacctt tgtaatttag tttagaatgc ttttcccttt tcactaattc  22560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attccaacac ctttttcaaa ctcccttctg ctgttgtccc tacaatggag agggcatctg  22620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccatcagag ctgtaggaac ccagctatta aggtcctgta accccaacat tttgggaggc  22680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgaggtggga ggatcgcttg agctcagcag ttcaatacca gcctaggcaa catagcaaga  22740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctcatctct actaaaaatt aaaaaattta gccaggcgta ggggcacaca cctgtagtcc  22800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagctacttg ggaggctgag gcgaaaggat tgtttgagcc cgggagatga ggctgcagtg  22860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agctgtggtc tcaccactac actccagcct gggcaacaga gcaagacatt gtctcaaaac  22920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaaaccgaa aaagttggct aagcatggtg gcttactctt gtaatcccag caccttggaa  22980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggtgaggca ggaggatcac tggagcctgg cagatcaagg caacatgagc tgtgatcatg  23040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccactgtgct ccagcctggg tgacagagca agaccctgtc tcaaaaaaca aaaatccact  23100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatcaggttc ttctctggct ctggctctga ttctccactt acctagcaaa cttctgtttg  23160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taatctgggg aggacaggtg ctaaatagtg aaaatgttat ctggaccact tgataactca  23220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcgtctcctt ctcttttaat aaattgagag gctgctcgtt aaaaccaaat cctacaaaca  23280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aacttgggaa aaaaaatttt ttttaattgt ggtaaaatac atataataat aggtgttttt  23340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttgtttgtt tgtttgtttt gttttttttt aggagattct cgttctgtcc ccaggctgga  23400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgcagtgca gtggcacgat ctcggctcac tgcaacctcc gcctcctggg ttcaagtgat  23460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctcctacct cagcctccca agtagctggg actataggca cgcaccttaa ccattttgat  23520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atatagttga gtggcattaa gtatattcac attgttatgc aaccagcact accattcatc  23580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctgaacttt tatctttccc agctgaaact ctatacccat taaatactaa ttcccaattc  23640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccctcccta acccctggca atcagtgttc aattttctgc ccctatgaag ttgactactc  23700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taggaacttc acataagagg aagcaaacag ccaagcgagg tggctcatgc ctgtaatccc  23760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcactttgg gaggctgagg tgggcggatc ttctgaggtc aggagtttga gaccagcctg  23820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accaacatgg agaaacccag tctctactga aaatacaaaa ttagccgggc atggtggtgc  23880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acgcctgtaa tcccagctac ttgggaggct gaggcaagag aatcgcttga acccaggagg  23940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggaggttgc ggtgaccctc cagcttgggc aacatgttat gaatgaaact ccatctcaaa  24000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaataaaaaa aaaaaaagga agcaaacagc agttgtcctt ttgtgactct gttattttgc  24060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttagcataat gtcttcaggg ttcatccata ctgtatcatg tgtcagaatt tttttctttt  24120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tattatttat ttatttgttt tgagacagag tctcgctctg ttgccaggct ggagtgcagt  24180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtgcgatct cggctcactg caacctccgc ctcccgggtt caagcgattc tcctgcttca  24240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcctcccaag tagctgggac tacaggcgcg tgctgccacg cccagctaat ttttgtattt  24300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttagtgga gacggggttt caccatgttg accaggatgg tttcgatctc ctgacctcgt  24360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gatctgcctg cctcggcctc ccagagtgct gggattacag gcgtgagcca ccacacctgg  24420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccagaatttc tttcttttta aagctgaata aggctgagca tggtggctaa cacctgtaat  24480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccagcagct caggaggctg aggcagaagg actgcttgag gccagaagtt ggagacctgg  24540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaatttact gagatcctgt ctctacaaaa aattaaaaac tagctgggtg tggtgacatg  24600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcctgtagt cctagctatt caggaggctg ggtgggagga tcccttgtgc ctaggagttc  24660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acggttgtgg tgagctatga tcatgccact gtgcatcagc ctgaactaga gggtaagacc  24720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccatctcttt aaaaaacaaa acaaaagcta ggcgcggtgg ctcacgcttg taatcccagc  24780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actttgggag gccaaggcag gcggatcacg aggtcaggag atcgagacca tcctggctaa  24840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacggtgaaa ccccgtctct actaaaaatg caaaaacaaa attagccagg tgtggtggtg  24900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcgcctgta gtcccagcta ctcgggaggc tgaggcagga gaatggcatg aacccgggag  24960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acggagcttg cagggagccg agatcgtgcc actgcactcc agcctgggcg acagaacgag  25020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acctcatctc aaaaacacac acacacacac acacacaaaa actgattaat attccattgt  25080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atggatgtat tacattttgt ttattcatca gttaatggac acttgttata tcagttgggg  25140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttctccagag aaacaaaacc tataggatgt tttgtaaatc tctttatacc aagatattta  25200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttttattt tatttattta ttttttttga gacagagtct tgctctgtca cccaggctgg  25260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtacagtgg cgcgatcttg gctcactgca agctccgcct cccgggttca cgccattctc  25320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgcctcagc ctcccgagta gctgggacta caggcgccca ccaccatgcc cagctagttt  25380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttttgtatt tttagtagag atggggtttc accatgttag ccaggatggt cttgatctcc  25440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgacctcatg atctgcctgc ctcggcctcc caaagtgctg ggattacagg tgtgagccac  25500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacgcccggc cctaagagat ttattttaag gaattgtttc atgggattat ggataccaac  25560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagatctgca gtcagcaagc cggaggccca ggagagctgg tggtgtggtt ttattctaca  25620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggccatcagg ccaccaggca gaaggagttc cctcttcctc accggagggt cacccttttt  25680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttctcttca ggccttctgc tgattggatg atgcccatcc acactgggga gggccatctg  25740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctttactcag tccaccagtt caatgctcat ttcacccaga aaccctcaca gacacaccca  25800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaataatgct tgaccaagtg tctgggcact caggcccagt ccagctggca tatacaatta  25860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccatcacac ttaggttgct tccaccttgt agctgttggg aataatgcta ctgtgaacat  25920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggtgtcata aacttcgttt tgctaggaag cgtttcctta gtcaccccca actatgttct  25980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttccttattc tgcctttcat catctgacat tatttgtcct gagtctttgt ccttctccct  26040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttctaccct ctccccctac tgtggttctg agaagaattt aatgcagttt actcagtgca  26100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttgttttca atgcatgttg ctttataaat gttctcaggt gggtggaggg catggtgcat  26160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaccttctt tttcctggga ccctagcccc ttctccctgg gccttgagaa ggctttgtct  26220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaagtgctc agagtggcat ccctccctcc cttcctcttc caaggagatc ctgctgggct  26280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccatcttta gggctccttg tccttagttg tgttctgggc tcgtgcatag agctgctctg  26340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttccatgat gattctcctc ctagttctct gttaggacct aacatggtgg tcagtctaac  26400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtctcctag tgaccactgt atgatggtga ctgcactctt gcctcattat tagctaaact  26460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaatgctag ctggccattt ccatcctgta tcattccata ctttgtcttg aaatcctaga  26520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taaaagactt gaaccaccac cctgctcaca gcacccatta tacagatgag aaaactaagg  26580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttggcaagg ggagtcacat gatgctaggg gaggactttc ccccagcacc acacagcctc  26640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttttgacctt cagggaatgg gttgagaata ttggttggtt ctggctgcca ttcttgtatg  26700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttttgtgtt cccttttcct tttttttcta tttttacctg ggctgaaaag tcgatgacat  26760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agttttttca gactttgtct ctgaggccag ttagaagtat attttacctt gcaacccaat  26820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggatacacac aactgaaaca ctgtctaccc ttattttctg tcatgtattc tgatattttc  26880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tattctattt tattatacag tagtcccccc ttatcagcag gggacatgtt ccaagatccc  26940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagtggacgc ctgaagccac agatagtact gaaccctgta tatactatgc gtgaattttt  27000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttccttctt cacaatttca cggatagaag atttgttctt acaggagatc ttagcaacct  27060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagcatgcaa tttattttct ttgtaagtca agagctttca ccttttcact taaagctggc  27120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggtgcagt ggctcacacc tgtaatccca gcacttttgg gaggctgagg caggtggatc  27180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acttgaggtc aggagctcga gaccagcctg gccaacatga tgaaactgtc tctactaaaa  27240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atacaaaaat tagctgagtg tggtggtgca tgcctgaagt cccagctact tgggaggctg  27300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agacaggaga atcacttgaa cctgggaggt ggaggttgca gtgagccgag attgcaccag  27360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcactctag cctggtgaca gagcaagact ctgtctcaaa aaaagaaagc actttatggc  27420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttctctttgg catatctgaa ttgccaacat cactactctt gctctgtgga gtcataatga  27480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtcaaatat gggttacttg aatacaagca ctgtgataca actatagtga actgataacc  27540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagacagcta cggacagcta ctgaaagact aatgggacgt tagtgcatac agtgtggata  27600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tactgcacaa agggataatc tgcatcctgg gcagcactga atgggacata gcaagatttt  27660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcatgctac tcggaatggt acactattta aaaacttatg aattatttct ggaattttcc  27720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atttaatatt tttggactgt agttgaccac aggtaactga aaccattgtg gataagggtg  27780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gactactgca tttaatttaa agaaatccta gttccagccc actacattgg gtttaggact  27840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cataatgggt tgaaattttg atctgaaata tattgttgtg tcatatccat cgctccatcc  27900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttccatag tatatcattt cattatttct ttcctcaaac ttggccatgg cctctttttt  27960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taaaacaaga gacagggtct cactctgttc cccaggcttg agtgcaatag tgccgtcata  28020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcttactgca gcctcaaatt cctgggctca cgcgatcctc ccacttgagc ctcccaagta  28080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtaggacta caggtgtgca ctgccacgcc cagccaattt ttaaattttt ttgtagagat  28140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggggtctcat cacgttgctg aggctggtct caaactcctg gcctcaagtg atcctcctta  28200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attggcctcc caaagttctg ggattacagg catgagccac cgtgcccagc caccatggcc  28260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctcttgatc ccaaaccgtc atgggctgtt ccctcttcct gcagtgctcg ttctatcttt  28320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aacctgcagt acttgcctca ctgactcctc ttcatccttg gcctcaactc ctttcttcag  28380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggagggtctt gctcacccct cactgtaaac tcccacagct ccttgctttt tttttttttt  28440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttttttttt tgagaccatc tccctctgtt acccagctag agtgcagtgg tgtgatcaca  28500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctcactgca gcctcgacct cctgcctttc ccctgctgaa tgactgtctt ccccattaga  28560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagagctcgc gagggcgggt gctctgatgc cttactctct gttgaatttc aaaactgttt  28620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtagaattga gttgaaagga atgcctttcc cccctttctg gatgtcactg ggatgtcctg  28680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtaacctct tcttccttcc atctttccat ccttgccctt cctagttctt ggcacagctg  28740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagatcatgg actacagcct gctggtgggc atccacgacg tggaccgggc agagcaggag  28800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagatggagg tggaggagcg ggcagaggac gaggagtgtg agaatgatgg ggtgggtggc  28860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aacctactct gctcctatgg cacacctccg gacagccctg gcaacctcct cagctttcct  28920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggttctttg gtcctgggga attcgacccc tctgttgacg tctatgccat gaaaagccat  28980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaaagtaagt cagagcctgc gcctgctctg cacagccctg ccctcatcct accccctcag  29040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcattgttt agatccttct aggggcatct ggacctccac ctcattcatt gctgcctttg  29100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acctctttct gcctccagat tcccatccag ggtcaccacc tgaacctggg gctcctcctc  29160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccaggctt tcctatactt ccctgcttgt cctggctgac tgaagagtgg ttctgctctg  29220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttcatgaga tgaaccaaac tttattcata ctgtcctgtc agccccacag agtgactgtg  29280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagatccaat aagataagag ctatgacagc tggaaaggac tccactggtc cttttctcag  29340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccccaacatg ataaggatgg agctgagcct tgtgtctggg ggttgtagca gtgcccagct  29400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctgtctgcc cttctcctgc cccctcttcc ttcttccctg ctctccttgt ccctccaggt  29460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccccaaga aggaggtgta tttcatggcc atcattgata tcctcacgcc atacgataca  29520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagaagaaag ctgcacatgc tgccaaaacg gtgaaacacg gggtgagtcc tctccatctt  29580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catccagggc ccagctgggt cggtgcatct gtgcttaccc tcagacccca gggagggcag  29640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctcaggcct cctgctccaa ggaacacact cctgtctcct tcttcccagg agagcagact  29700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggaagagcag cctgcctgcc ttgccatgtt ccctgccttc acccacctgc tccctgccag  29760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctgggccca atttgtttat cccccagttc tccagccctc ggggccaagc ctgccagtgt  29820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctttccccag ggcctgctgg gcctgttgtg catcttgttg aagggcgagt aatagctttg  29880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttccatgcc catactgctc cccacaggcc tgtttccctg tgggcctgaa gccctgttct  29940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccatgtagtg gcccccacag agatccagag ccgcgttgcc acctccccac tgcctttctt  30000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctacttcggt gcaggcctgg ggttataaat cacaggagtg gggccaggac agttcaggac  30060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgtatgcca cttcctgagg tggtctgctc agtcttggtg gggttggggg tggtattcag  30120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctctgatact gagtaagagg cttctgaata ccctggctcc ccccatgtgc agcctcctga  30180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttggggcaca ggaactcaac ctgaatcagc ctcttgtgta ttacaggcag gggccgagat  30240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcgactgtg aaccctgagc agtactccaa acgcttcaac gagtttatgt ccaacatcct  30300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacgtagttc tcttctacct tcagccagag ccagagagct ggatatgggg tcggggatcg  30360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggagttaggg agaagggtgt atttgggcta gatgggaggg tgggagcaga gtcgggtttg  30420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggagggcttt agcaatgaga ctgcagcctg tgacaccgaa agagacttta gctgaagagg  30480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agggggatgt gctgtgtgtg cacctgctca caggatgtaa ccccaccttc tgcttaccct  30540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgattttttc tccccatttg acacccaggt taaaaagggg ttcccttttt ggtaccttgt  30600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaccttttaa gataccttgg ggctagagat gacttcgtgg gtttatttgg gttttgtttc  30660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgaaatttca ttgctccagg tttgctattt ataatcatat ttcatcagcc tacccaccct  30720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccccatcttt gctgagctct cagttccctt caattaaaga gatacccggt agacccagca  30780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caagggtcct tccagaacca agtgctatgg atgccagatt ggagaggtca gacacctcgc  30840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctgctgcat ttgctcttgt ctggattaac tttgtaattt atggagtatt gtgcacaact  30900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcctccacct ttcccttgga ttcaagtgaa aactgttgca ttattcctcc atcctgtctg  30960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaatacacca ggtcaacacc agagatctca gatcagaatc agagatctca gaggggaata  31020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agttcatcct catgggatgg tgaggggcag gaaagcggct gggctcttgg acacctggtt  31080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcagagaac cctgtgatga tcacccaagc cccaggctgt cttagcccct ggagttcaga  31140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtcctctct gtaaagcctg cctcccacta ggtcaagagg aactagagta cctttggatt  31200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tatcaggacc ctcatgttta aatggttatt tccctttggg aaaacttcag aaactgatgt  31260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcaaatgag gccctgtgcc ctcgatctat ttccttcttc cttctgacct cctcccaggc  31320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actcttactt ctagccgaac tcttagctct gggcagatct ccaagcgcct ggagtgcttt  31380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttagcagaga cacctcgtta agctccggga tgaccttgta ggagatctgt ctccctgtgc  31440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctggagagtt acagccagca aggtgccccc atcttagagt gtggtgtcca aacgtgaggt  31500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcttcctag ttacatgagg atgtgatcca ggaaatccag tttggaggct tgatgtgggt  31560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttgacctgg cctcagcctt ggggctgttt ttccttgttg ccccgctcta gacttttagc  31620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agatctgcag cccacaggct tttttggaag gagtggcttc ctgcaggtgt tccacctgcc  31680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcggagcct gccacccagg ccctcagaac tgagccacag gctgctctgg ccaggagaga  31740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aacagctctg ttgttctgca ttgggggagg tacattcctg catcttctca ccccctcaac  31800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggaactgg ggatttggga tgagatatgg tcagacttgt agataacccc aaagatgtga  31860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agatcgcttg tgaaaccatt ttgaatgaat agattggttt cctgtggctc cctccaaacc  31920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggccaagcc cagcttccga agcaggaacc agcactgtct ctgtgcctga ctcacagcat  31980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ataggtcagg aaagaatgga gacggcattc ttggacttca ctggggctgc tggattggat  32040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggaaacctt ctggaagagg cagatggggg tcaaaccact gccttggccc caggaagggg  32100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccataggtag gtctgaacaa ctgccgcaag accactacat gacttaggga acttgaaacc  32160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aactggctca tggagaaaac aaatttgact tgggaaaggg attatgtagg aataatgttt  32220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggacttgatt tccccacgtc ataatgaaga atggaagttt ggatctgctc ctcgtcaggc  32280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcagcatctc tgaagcttgg aaagctgtct tccagcagcc tccgtggcct cgggttccta  32340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccggcttctc tgcatttggt ctgctgatca tgttgccata atgtgtatgg aaagtgtaac  32400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acattcttac tggttaaaga cgactaccag gtatctaact tgtttaacat tgagtttgtg  32460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtgtgtgtg tatgtttgtg tgttttgtat attgtttaca ttttgagagg tagcattctg  32520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttcaaatgc tttttgtttt tctgacagta ttgttgactg ggtcataaca ttttgagctg  32580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggtttggtg gattttcaat tttttttttt aaaggtcatt cgctgtgcta tcttcaaaac  32640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttgagtttg gcccccaatt tttggcattc aaatgtttaa aagctattta tcttggttta  32700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tacaagtttc ctttctcttc tttttgtcat ggtattctat ttggtctgca gtttgaatgt  32760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agagaaagtg gactgatccc ccaagcgttg tctgccccca ctctttcctc cttgggtccc  32820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccattcttt tactgggcag tcgagggcat tggaggggaa gtgactgccc tcagcctcac  32880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tccctggggc catgaagaaa agctaaacag tctcatggca tctcagaata atgttgggtc  32940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccaagaag aaaggtgtaa gaataacgac atggctgatt aggcgaggcc aggatagggc  33000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 taaggccagg attcctggct ggcatccagt caccccttct cccatccttc cccctcttct  33060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tccacaagtc cgcagccgag acactgtagt ctcccagcca cagtgatgag tgccctggag  33120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actccactga cctctagatg aaggcccctg gccctggttc ctgttaatta acctctgggt  33180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctttgagtcc cccagcacaa acttctttcc tgtaccctgc ggcttggggt cacagggcat  33240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccgggaagc cacagctgag gggcgcagac tgaagcagtg ctccacctct ccttctttag  33300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcaggggtt gctggtctgt ggcaggcgcc acgagtggcc cctgtggctg ttctcagtgg  33360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagtctctta agttcccacc acaggcagct ctttatcccc tctccctact tgactctttc  33420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttgcctgt gcttttggcc tcaaacaggc ctgctggtag cgctcagggc gtgaggctac  33480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actcctgccc tgcctttcct gtcttcatgg tctgccaggg cataccttgg ggaggtggac  33540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caaagaccca ggactttttg cagtagccag tcctaccccc cagttgtctt tttaccaatt  33600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagggtggga gagaaaactg cagcacccca gcatgtgagt tactcaggtg ttgggggcta  33660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagggacag tgcgtttaaa caacactcag agctctggcc ttaaacctgt ggccccccaa  33720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtctaggagc ctcatctctt cctggcagtc atgcgggcag gaggtcctga aagggaaaac  33780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccattcagac aactgttccc caatctacca gccatctgca ggggtcagtg accgtggccc  33840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctccctcct ctagaatgtg ccacttatga agagtgcccc atggggaaaa ggagactcag  33900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgtcccttg gcagcttgtg ccagtatccc agggcagaag tttccacagg agcctcttgc  33960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccttgcgcag agccactgtg agaggcggtg ggagccaaca cccttggggg agggggcagt  34020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actgctcggc acatcccagc atcaggtcag atcattgaaa ttaaaaaatg tgaattaagt  34080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcatatccac cttttgggga agcaggacaa accaccaccc caccaagtgt gtgacttctc  34140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catatcccac tgcagtttcc attttttaaa tgggaatttt caatcccctg tgcttgtcta  34200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acgtctgctt taaaaagttt gagaccctgt tactgtttga aaatgcatgc atgttacgat  34260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaatctccaa cctgaggaaa aaaataaaac tcaaaaagct ttgtgtacat ctgttatgtg  34320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgagtccttg ggaaatgaac cttttttttt tcttcccaga attaaaaagt tttggtccta  34380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctttagagg cagcttcggc taaatcaatg tatggcttga gtttggagaa agaatatggt  34440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caatgacatc ccgctttcag atgcaattaa taaacagtgg ttaaaagcac agcaccactg  34500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctgggtttg gtggctcacg cccagtactt ggggaggcca aggcaggagg atcacttgag  34560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccagaagtt cagtaccggt ctgggtaaca tagtgagacc ccgtctctac aaaacaagaa  34620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttagctggat gtgatggcac atgtctgtag tcccagctac tcaggaggct gaggcaggag  34680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gatcacttga gcttgggagg ttgaggctgc agttagccat gattgcacca cagcactcca  34740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccctagcaa caatgagact cttaaggaaa aaacaaacaa aacaccacag caccagagcc  34800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatctgcctg ttagctgtta ctaccatgca catggaagaa tggacaaccc cccccccgcc  34860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccccgcctc cagctgtgta gaacgaactc tggctaggag ccactcacct gacataactt  34920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgaacatgtc acctctgtgc acctcatcta ctgcatctgg gcatttagct taaaacccag  34980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagttctcaa agtgtggtct tggaccagca gtgtcattag cacctgggag tcagaaatgt  35040  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaattctcag gttccaaccc agatctactg aatcaaactt ttaatgagcc ctccaggtga  35100  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgtgatggg ggctaacgtt tgggaaccac tctgctatgc aaactttcta cttgcttatt  35160  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggccatcta tgtactgcag attgcaagct ggaatcactt ggggaattct ggaaaagaca  35220  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtacccagg cccctaaaag gccaattgga atctcaaggg gtgggatcaa ggtatgtgtt  35280  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttaggaattc cacaggtgac taatgagctg gccaggttaa gaaacactaa tctagactac  35340  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttatgggtac ttgaccaaat ttctacctga agcaataaaa gatgtaaggg ttttcccgta  35400  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagtttgagt gaaaaggatt ctaagctctg gcatcaatgg aacatgagtt tatgtcctgg  35460  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctttatcact tattaaagta gacttgggta agttatttaa ctgtccttct tctccaaaca  35520  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggataatct caactacctt gagtcattat gatgaataaa ttctagatcg tgtaaagcac  35580  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttgtgtgggg cctagcacac agggagcatg cagcaagtga catgtggatt gtccccactg  35640  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcacgcactg atggagtaga gcacgagcca gaaagcaagc cgagggccag gccacacaca  35700  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttgagtggc tggctgtagc tgcccagcta gggcagagat ctgcaggaaa gcatcaaaga  35760  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caaaagcagg agtgaaagac aggctatttt atttcaaaaa aagaaaaaaa agtgggctct  35820  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggaacaggg ttagtccatt cgggccttca gtgtcctggt ggtgattttg tccttctcgc  35880  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcagaggga gaaaatcaca agaaaacatc tctacccatc tggaccgtga ctgtgactag  35940  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctctcctggc cctcagcacc aagccctcaa gccctgcggc aagggagcag aacaaatagc  36000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcccgctgc ctctaggtgt aactatcctg ctctagttca ttcctgctag ctcatctcct  36060  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccgcctgtgg tgaggaagga gggataggaa cagagacctg ggccgacttt ccacaggtgg  36120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaccacctca gggaggcttt cccagaaaat gattcagggc cagacttcac agctctcaaa  36180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agaagggaag gagcttggcc gggcgcggtg gctcatgctt gcaatcccag cactttggga  36240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcctgaggc aggcggatca cgaggtcagg agttcaagac cagcctgacc aacatggtga  36300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaccccgtct ctactaaaaa tacaaaaatt agctgggcat ggtggcacgt gcctgtaatc  36360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccagctactc aggaggctga ggcaggagaa tcacttgaac ccaggaggca gaggtttgca  36420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgagctgag atagtgccat tgcactccag cctgggcgac agaatgagac tccatctcaa  36480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa gggggaagaa gctcctccaa gcctagagaa caagccactt  36540  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggaaggaga aggtgtggtg tgtttcaccc caaagaacat aaaaaaaaac cgtcggtggt  36600  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaattctgtt ttttgggttt tttgtttttg tttttgtttt ttttgagaca gagtctcact  36660  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgttgccca ggctggagtg caatggcgtg atcttgacta actgcaacct ctgcctccca  36720  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggttcaagca attctccttc ctcagcctcc ctagtagctg ggattacagg cacgtgacac  36780  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacgtctggc taattttatg tatctttagt agaaacgggg tttcgccatg ttaggctggt  36840  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcagactcc tgacctcaag tgatctgccc acctcagcct cccaaagtgc tgggattaca  36900  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcgtgagcc aacgcgcctg gccaaatact atttcacggt aattaagcag gctatccccc  36960  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaaagggtcc aaatgcttat cctgcaatgt aggaaagtgg ttggaaggat acctcctact  37020  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctatccaatc aggttcctgg tgatggcccc aaacaagtaa aaggacaagg aggatggcac  37080  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttagggagtt ggctgaggct tggaaattgg tctctagagc tcagaacatc acacagatct  37140  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggctggaga gaggatgcga gccacctaga atttcaatcc atctgcagta gctttgttgt  37200  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggctcacccc aacacggatc cctgagactt cggagacatt gttaaggaag aaatgtctct  37260  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtgagcacg gggtcacaga acctcacctg acaagaggcc agaggaagct gggtaggctg  37320  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccagttacca gccataggga ggcatggact tttgctcacc caggactgcc aaaagcacct  37380  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcttatctc acacctgacc agggggctgg gaaaatgggg tgtatgctcg tggagaaggg  37440  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agagaggcag ggtgtctgca gagcttctag acttctccca gcccatactc acatgatgtg  37500  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacaatgact cccatgcctg acactgcatc ccggtccaca gcattcagca tggcttggga  37560  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gatggtttca aacaggtgat ccggatcctg ccaacagagt ggaacccctt caaaccacag  37620  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctctggctc tgatttggtc tggtccctta actctctttt ttctaggctc aagattccca  37680  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctctggccc caagacatgc ctgaagtaag ggatgattcc caggatgtgg gaagcccctc  37740  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcagctcctt ccttggaagg aagcagaatt atgtaaagga aagtgaaaga gacttcaagc  37800  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctgaatttc ttttactaat cagcagtgtg acattgggca aatagtatgt ctctcttcac  37860  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgagcctcag tttctctgta aaatagggag aagaatccct atttagctcc agtgtgcttt  37920  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agcagctgtc tgatgggctc tgatcctgga tatcttaaca ggtacctcaa aacccaacct  37980  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtccaaccac aaacccactt                                              38000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 12  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 493  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 12  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcacggagc aagaggggaa ggccaaggac ttgccaacat tcaaagacaa tgacttcctc     60  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatgaagggc agaagctgca tgtgggagag gagagtaaaa cgaacttcct ggagaaactg    120  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagcgggacg ttgaggtact tactaacctt cattttcacc tgcaaggctc cttctgtccc    180  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagagtaggc gcctcttaaa ccttcaagaa gcaatggaat tcagtcactt tccaggagta    240  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggacaaaag ggtggtgatt ggcagcagcg tgggcactta tgggcaccta aagcaagtgc    300  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aaatgatcca ttccacctga cggagcatag tgggcgccag taggcacttt gtaatatagt    360  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttagaatgct tttccctttt cactaattca ttccaacaac ttattcaaac tcccttctgc    420  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtggtccct acaagggaga gggcatcggg ccatcagagc tgtaggaacc cagctataaa    480  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtcctgtaa ccc                                                       493  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 13  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH:  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE:  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 13  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 000  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 14  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 14  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcctgtgagc tggtgcacac                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 15  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 15  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcacaagcg atcttcacat                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 16  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 16  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtgcagccg ccctgcagtc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 17  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 17  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agttggacga catgcccggg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 18  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 18  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tggacacagt cttgatgaca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 19  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 19  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atccacggtc aggcggtaca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 20  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgcacagtga gccgatggct                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 21  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 21  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagagaact acgtcaggat                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 22  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 22  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcggtgtcac aggctgcaag                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 23  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 23  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagtcatct ctagccccaa                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 24  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 24  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcacttgaat ccaagggaaa                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 25  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 25  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcctcttga cctagtggga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 26  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 26  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catcaagcct ccaaactgga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 27  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 27  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcatcccaaa tccccagttc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 28  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 28  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caatctattc attcaaaatg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 29  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 29  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagacctacc tatggcccct                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 30  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 30  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgctagacaa taagcgacat                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 31  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 31  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gagtgcagtg gtatgatctc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 32  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 32  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caggttctcc ctagggaaaa                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 33  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 33  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctatttcatc tgctttaaga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 34  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 34  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggcattcaa gcccaaggca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 35  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 35  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcaccatac ctggtggtat                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 36  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 36  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgccaagaa ctaggaaggg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 37  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 37  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tctgacttac tttcatggct                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 38  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 38  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 actctaggga cagaaggagc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 39  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 39  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccactatgct ccgtcaggtg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 40  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 40  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaagccggta ggaacccgag                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 41  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 41  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctttccatac acattatggc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 42  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 42  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caaactcaag gttttgaaga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 43  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 43  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaatcctggc cttagcccta                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 44  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 44  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggtggagcac tgcttcagtc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 45  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 45  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aagagactgc cactgagaac                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 46  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 46  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgttgtttaa acgcactgtc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 47  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 47  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgccaaggga cagctgagtc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 48  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 48  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttctgccct gggatactgg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 49  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 49  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gggatgtgcc gagcagtact                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 50  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                 &lt;223&gt; OTHER INFORMATION: Antisense Oligonucleotide  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 50  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttccccaaaa ggtggatatg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 51  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 51  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgtgcacca gctcacagga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 52  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 52  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgtgaagat cgcttgtgaa                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 53  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 53  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccgggcatg tcgtccaact                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 54  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 54  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtcatcaag actgtgtcca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 55  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 55  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtaccgcct gaccgtggat                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 56  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 56  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agccatcggc tcactgtgca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 57  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 57  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttgcagcct gtgacaccga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 58  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 58  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttggggctag agatgacttc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 59  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 59  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tttcccttgg attcaagtga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 60  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 60  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcccactagg tcaagaggaa                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 61  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 61  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaactgggga tttgggatga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 62  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 62  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atgtcgctta ttgtctagca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 63  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 63  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttaaagca gatgaaatag                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 64  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 64  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agccatgaaa gtaagtcaga                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 65  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 65  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacctgacgg agcatagtgg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 66  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 66  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctcgggttcc taccggcttc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 67  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 67  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gccataatgt gtatggaaag                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 68  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 68  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttcaaaac cttgagtttg                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 69  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 69  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tagggctaag gccaggattc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 70  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 70  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gactgaagca gtgctccacc                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 71  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 71  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gttctcagtg gcagtctctt                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 72  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 72  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gacagtgcgt ttaaacaaca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 73  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 73  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gactcagctg tcccttggca                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 74  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 74  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccagtatccc agggcagaag                                                 20  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;210&gt; SEQ ID NO 75  
               
               
                 &lt;211&gt; LENGTH: 20  
               
               
                 &lt;212&gt; TYPE: DNA  
               
               
                 &lt;213&gt; ORGANISM: H. sapiens  
               
               
                 &lt;220&gt; FEATURE:  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 &lt;400&gt; SEQUENCE: 75  
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catatccacc ttttggggaa                                                 20