Patent Publication Number: US-2015077256-A1

Title: Retail security tag

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     This present invention relates generally to devices for holding and enclosing products and to security devices or tags for use with such devices to substantially prevent or deter theft. More particularly, it relates to a container or package for a product having a removable security device with an optical sensor. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Many types of containers are known for consumer products, including cosmetics, such as perfumes and makeup, electronic devices, such as cellular phones, MP3 players, cameras, navigation systems, as well as other types of products that are housed in different types of packaging. 
     A problem encountered with such known apparatuses is the removal and theft of a product for sale from the apparatus within a store selling such products. The product is usually provided within a container which is provided with a security tag which triggers an alarm if the container is taken out of the store without the tag first being removed or rendered inactive by staff in the store. However, it has been found that thieves may be able to remove a product from the packaging, thereby thwarting the use of a security tag. They then leave the empty container on the shelf and leave the store with the product outside of the packaging without triggering the alarm system. 
     There are also other ways thieves can try to avoid the existing security measures taken by stores selling products. Security tags are often provided on the products and thieves may, for instance, remove or disable these. The term “security tag” is used herein to refer to any form of component which triggers an alarm if it or the package or product is tampered with. 
     For these reasons, many stores only display empty containers and when a customer has made a selection, the staff retrieves the relevant product from a secure cupboard or safe and places it in the container for the customer. However, this takes additional time and requires an additional secure storage place for the products. It also increases the risk that the wrong product may be put in the container, especially if the staff is busy. The stores would also prefer for the products to be held within the boxes on display as this is more appealing to a potential customer than an empty box (and has been shown to significantly increase sales). There is therefore a desire within the trade to be able to display product containers with the relevant product already held therein; such a practice being known as “live” storage within the trade. 
     Prior art devices for increasing the security of such containers tend to be bulky and expensive. One known form of device comprises a “keeper” in the form of a robust casing or frame which fits around, or partially around, the exterior of the container and is locked in a closed position so it is impossible to open the container without first unlocking and removing the keeper. Such keepers are difficult to handle, substantially increase the size of the product (often increasing the size of the product by 30% or more and so occupying more shelf space). They also detract from the aesthetics of the product, may conceal some of the artwork on the exterior or front of the container and considerably reduce the attractiveness of the product to a potential customer. Additionally, stores have to maintain a variety of different sized keepers, as the packaging around the product varies in size. Further, if a product or its packaging is redesigned to be physically larger, a store may have to replace all of their existing keepers with larger keepers, increasing the retailer&#39;s expenses of selling the products. 
     Some products may utilize a “spider” type security device that typically includes an alarm that is secured on the outside of a container by a system of cables that are lockable to the container. The spider security device typically is adapted to provide an audible alarm if the container is removed from a predetermined area of a retail environment. However, a skilled thief may be able to remove a spider type security device by cutting the cable, or unlocking the cables and removing the spider. The cables can also be slid off the package through manipulation, which allows the spider to be removed. Further, the spider security device also increases the shelf space required to store a product, as the spider security device is attached to the outside of the container. Further, the spider security device detracts from the aesthetics of the container by covering at least a portion of the container. 
     WO97/02569 describes another form of security device in which one edge of the container is inserted into a channel shaped keeper which fits over the edge of the product and extends at least part way over opposite external faces of the container to prevent the container from being opened. Such a keeper is still a relatively complex and expensive item, which adds significantly to the external dimensions of the container, reduces the attractiveness of the container to a potential customer and prevents the container from being stood on its bottom edge. For these reasons, this type of device has not been widely used. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,404,484, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, describes a security device that effectively secures a media disc within a container. The security device may pass through a side of the container and interacts with a disk engaging mechanism in order to both secure the container in a closed position and inhibits removal of the media disk by inhibiting actuation of the disk engaging mechanism. However, such a security device may not cooperate with a security system in a retail environment, and such a security device is not adapted for use with containers for products other than media disks. 
     Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 7,315,253, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, describes a security device that includes a transponder for use with a security system in a retail environment. However, such a security device may be defeated by a thief that tampers with the container or is able to remove the security device, or is able to prevent communication from the security system in the retail environment. Further, such a security device is not adapted for use with containers for products other than media disks. 
     However, existing containers and security devices do not adequately alert a retailer when a container is being tampered with in order to steal a product inside of the container in order to thwart the security system of the retail environment. Therefore, a need exists for a product container having an improved security device. 
     SUMMARY 
     One aspect of the disclosure provides a security tag. The security tag for a package comprising: a housing with a battery therein; an optical sensor on the housing configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation within the package; a circuit connecting the battery and the optical sensor; an alarm or indicator further connected to the circuit and adapted to provide an alert; and a controller configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor, wherein the optical sensor is calibrated upon attachment of the housing to the package based on ambient radiation detected within the package, and wherein the optical sensor is configured to detect the changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package to activate via the controller the alarm or indicator and provide the alert. 
     Another aspect of this disclosure provides a security tag. The security tag includes: a housing with a battery therein and an arm extending from the housing and spaced therefrom. The arm is configured for insertion into a package. An optical sensor is provided on the arm and configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation within the package. A circuit is also provided in the tag and is configured to connect the battery and the optical sensor such that the optical sensor is activated for detection. An alarm or indicator is connected to the circuit and adapted to provide an alert. A controller is configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor. The optical sensor is calibrated according to the detection of ambient light radiation within the package upon its activation, and is configured to detect the changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package after its calibration to activate via the controller the alarm or indicator and provide the alert. 
     According to yet another aspect, a product package is provided. The product package includes: a plurality of walls configured to contain contents in an interior cavity; at least one of the plurality of walls of the product package configured to be moved between (a) an open position allowing access to contents inside the interior cavity of the product package via an opening and (b) a closed position substantially preventing access to the contents within the interior cavity therein by closing the opening; and a security device being removably connected to the product package. The security device has a housing with a battery, and an optical sensor on the housing positioned and configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation in the interior cavity of the product package. A circuit of the security device is configured to connect the battery and the optical sensor for detection. The security device further includes an alarm or indicator adapted to provide an alert. A controller is configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor. The optical sensor is calibrated according to the intensity detection of ambient radiation within the interior cavity of the product package upon its activation. The optical sensor is configured to detect a change of intensity of ambient radiation within the interior cavity after its calibration to activate the alarm or indicator via the controller and provide the alert. 
     In still yet another aspect, there is provided a method for operating a security tag attached to a package. The security tag has a battery, an optical sensor configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation within the package, a circuit configured to connect the battery and the optical sensor such that the optical sensor is activated for detection, an alarm or indicator adapted to provide an alert, and a controller configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor. The method includes: activating the optical sensor by connecting the battery and the optical sensor via the circuit; determining the ambient radiation within the package with the sensor; determining changes in intensity of the ambient radiation; and calibrating the optical sensor to the determined ambient radiation. The optical sensor is configured to detect the changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package to activate the alarm or indicator via the controller and provide the alert. 
     Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a top perspective view of a security tag in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a cross sectional view taken along line  2 - 2  of the security tag in  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate alternate top perspective views of parts inside a housing of the security tag according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a bottom perspective view, in partial cross section, of parts inside the housing of the security tag, in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates perspective views of an exemplary product package in an open and closed position for use with a security tag in accordance with this disclosure. 
         FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate a first side and a second side, respectively, of a blank, configured to form the product package of  FIG. 6  in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an alternate perspective view of the product package of  FIG. 6  formed from the blank of  FIGS. 7 and 8  in an open position. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an alternate perspective view of the product package in a closed position. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a perspective view of a security tag aligned for insertion into a product package disclosed herein according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a detailed, cross sectional view of the security tag attached to product container of  FIG. 6  in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a top perspective view of a security tag on a package in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a cross sectional view taken along line  14 - 14  of the security tag in  FIG. 13 , in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Generally, the present disclosure is for a product package or product container for a retail product, such as a digital camera, MP3 player, cellular phone and/or other consumer electronics products, gift cards, rewards cards, exchangeable cards, reusable and/or reloadable cards, and the like. “Package” and “container” are used herein interchangeably throughout, it should be understood that both are designed to package items for sale in retail environments. Similarly, such terms should not be limiting and could also be called a case or structure. Furthermore, the terms “interior” and “exterior,” “inner” and “outer,” and “inside” and “outside” are used throughout the description on a reference basis, and may be interchangeable, unless additionally stated. Such terms are not meant to be limiting. Any depiction or description, including size, shape, design, etc. of the packages, sensor, arms, and security devices herein is exemplary only and not intended to be limiting in any way. 
     The description and Figures herein disclose a security device or “security tag” (as referred to herethroughout) with an optical sensor (or optical sensing system) for detecting ambient radiation within, and any change thereof, the interior of the package. A radio signal can be sent to indicate the detected change, and/or an alarm (optional) or other indicator (optional) can be activated to provide an alert of unauthorized entry, e.g., upon detection of a [predetermined amount of] change in the ambient radiation inside the package by the optical sensor and a controller. 
     The illustrations include multiple embodiments of a product package having a plurality of walls configured to contain contents therein upon assembly (e.g., when formed from a blank). Each of the walls has an interior surface and an exterior surface. At least one of the walls is also configured to be moved between an open position allowing access to contents in the product package via an opening and a closed position substantially preventing access to the contents therein by closing the opening. The security tag can be secured or attached to such a product package, with its optical sensor aligned with an aperture or inserted through the wall(s) of the package. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a top perspective view of a security tag  40  in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.  FIG. 13  illustrates a top perspective view of a schematic of another security tag  40  in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. A security tag  40  is adapted to cooperate with a product package, case, or container. The security tag is removably connected to the product package, e.g., product package  10  in  FIGS. 6-12 . In an embodiment, the security tag  40  is adapted to be removably attached to a product package  10 . In an embodiment, at least a portion of the security tag  40  is adapted to be removably inserted into or through a predetermined opening in the product package  10 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 11 , a part of the security tag  40  can be adapted to be aligned with and removably inserted into aligned openings  24  and  30  of the product body  12  and lid  14 , as further described later. The security tag  40  can secure the product container  10  in a closed arrangement. In an embodiment, such as shown in  FIG. 12 , for example, an attached or secured security tag  40  can substantially prevent access to contents within a product package or container by assisting in securing one wall (e.g., lid) to another wall (e.g., side wall). 
     The security tag  40  includes: a housing  42  (see  FIG. 1 ) having a top surface  41  and a bottom surface  45 . The top and bottom surfaces  41 ,  45  can be formed separately and attached together (e.g., snap-fit). The top and bottom surfaces  41 ,  45  secure parts of a sensing system therebetween. 
     The security tag  40  includes a sensing system therein. The sensing system comprises at least one optical sensor  46 . Optical sensor  46  can be provided on a lower side or underside of it housing  42 . As shown in the embodiments herein, for example, the optical sensor  46  is positioned to face downwardly from the housing, into a package. The optical sensor can be aligned with an aperture or opening(s) in the package to detect light (ambient radiation) within its interior. For example, it can be positioned adjacent to a hole  26  or  28  (or when they are aligned) in the lid  14  or portion  15  or wall  18  of the package  10  (see  FIG. 10  and/or  FIG. 14 ). The optical sensor can also or alternatively be inserted into the package to detect ambient radiation therein. 
     In an embodiment, an elongate arm  44  (see  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 11 ) extends outwardly from the housing  42  of the security tag and is spaced therefrom. The elongate arm  44 , or “arm,” can be mounted within or attached to the housing  42 , or formed integrally therewith. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the arm  44  can extend in a parallel direction relative to the housing  42  (e.g., both the housing and arm extend in a longitudinal direction). The arm  44  is spaced relative to an underside of the bottom surface  45  such that when arm  44  is inserted into a package, a wall or lid of the package is received in the space. The arm  44  is configured for at least partial insertion into a package (see  FIG. 12 ). The spacing between the arm  44  and bottom surface  45  can be determined based on the thickness of material(s) used for packages, since at least a portion of a wall of a package will be received in the space. 
     In an embodiment, the arm  44  is positioned for insertion into a predetermined opening or area of a package. In an embodiment, the arm  44  can have a pointed end (see  FIG. 2 ) to pierce through shrink wrap or other materials around the package as it is entered or forced into the package interior. 
     The term “arm” is not intended to be limiting, and can also be called a leg, for example. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the optical sensor  46  is provided on the arm  44 . 
     At least a portion of the arm  44  is designed for insertion into the package such that the optical sensor  46  is provided within the interior or interior cavity of the package for its detecting. In an embodiment, the optical sensor  46  is provided on an underside of the arm  44  when the security tag  40  is attached to a lid of the product package. The area for and method of mounting the security device and/or the optical sensor  46  should not be limiting. 
     In an embodiment, the at least one optical sensor  46  is covered or enclosed via a sensor window or exterior surface. The sensor window may comprise a translucent or transparent member for allowing radiation to pass therethrough while preventing inclusion of dust and/or particles from within the package. The window or surface can be substantially flush or flush with a surface of the housing  42 . Alternatively, at least part of the optical sensor  46 , such as its window or exterior surface extends from the housing  42 . In an embodiment, the sensor  46  is applied to an outside of the housing  42 . 
     The “optical sensor,” also called an electro-optical sensor, is an electronic detector that converts light, or a change in light, into an electronic signal. The optical sensor  46  is configured to detect and determine an intensity of ambient radiation it receives within the walls of the package, if there is any. For example, ambient light may enter the package (e.g., through an edge, wall, window, or opening of the package) and deflect off of the walls and/or bottom and/or product within the package, and the reflected radiation is received by optical sensor  46 . More specifically, it is designed to detect ambient radiation within the package from an environment outside the package and/or from a source outside the package. Once inserted into a package and activated (further described below), the optical sensor  46  is calibrated according to the detection of ambient radiation within the package upon its activation. The intensity of the ambient radiation received by the sensor  46  corresponds to an amount of ambient light detected within the package, e.g., from an outside source (if any). The optical sensor  46  is configured to detect predetermined changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package after its initial calibration. If a predetermined change is detected, e.g., a predetermined change in an amount of intensity from its initial calibration, or alteration of the light level in the package (some light may seep into the package or box through an aperture for the tag, or gaps in the box), it can optionally activate an alarm or indicator of the security tag  40  to provide an alert. 
     The predetermined changes in intensity detected by the optical sensor  46  refers to a predetermined difference (e.g., delta) in the amounts of the intensity readings, when changed (e.g., determined by the optical sensor, or, in some cases, a controller). This is to compensate sudden fluctuations in light intensity do not need to trigger an alarm or alter, such as to compensate for shadows or changes in lighting. Further, the predetermined changes can further be associated with a period of time, e.g., the rate at which the intensity readings change. For example, if the time period for detecting a change in intensity is small, e.g., less than two seconds, the sensing system can be designed to compensate for such changes before activating an alert. 
     The predetermined change in intensity can result in tampering with the package or the product within the package itself. For example, when any point on the package and/or one of its walls is moved, opened, ripped, and/or broken, the resulting change in the radiation or light is detected by the sensor (e.g., detection of an increase of light therein). Further, removal of a product from the package will change the amount of ambient radiation detected therein. Moreover, the predetermined change(s) can include if or when the security tag  40  itself is pulled or removed from its associated package. The optical sensor  46  and sensing system can detect this also, because moving, opening, tearing, ripping, and/or breaking the package and/or security tag  40 , and thus its optical sensor  46 , at any point on the package can increase the light level or radiation detected by the sensor, whether when it is facing an adjacent opening/within the package interior or an outside environment. Optionally, the sensing system of the security tag  40  can trigger the alarm or indicator. 
     Accordingly, the security tag as disclosed herein guards against product removal from within the package, tag removal from the package, and the packaging walls, lids, etc. itself being physically interfered with. 
     The optical sensor  46  may be any type of sensor for detecting intensity of radiation. One known example of this type of sensor may include, but should not be limited to, photodetectors, phototransistors, or photoconductors. 
     A controller and/or processor (e.g., microcontroller and/or microprocessor) is also provided in the sensing system of the security tag  40 , hereinafter referred to jointly as a “controller.” In an embodiment, the controller is configured to control and/or provide instructions based on the determined intensity readings of ambient radiation within the package, as detected by the optical sensor. The controller is configured to control other devices based on the intensity of light that is detected and any predetermined changes in the detected intensity, e.g., to trigger or activate an alarm. 
     A circuit  60 , shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , is also provided in the tag  40 . The circuit  60  is configured to connect a battery  52  within the housing  42 , an alarm  54  or indicator  55  (see  FIG. 13 ), and the optical sensor  46  such that the optical sensor  46  is activated for detection. That is, the circuit  60  is a connection circuit with spring electrical contacts that is formed and attached to a housing portion or plate  58  encapsulated in the housing  42 . The battery  52  can be positioned near the bottom side  45  of the security tag  40 , for example. The battery  52  can be positioned below the plate  58 . 
     The circuit  60  has spring electrical contacts in the form of spring arm(s)  62 , a connector arm  64 , and attachment arm  66  (e.g., made of formed spring steel). Spring arm  62  is provided below the plate  58 , as seen in  FIG. 2 . The spring arm  62  connects to optical sensor  46  on the arm  44 .  FIG. 12  shows the connector arm  64  of the circuit. The connector arm  64  extends downwardly through an opening in the plate  58 , seen in  FIG. 4 . The connector arm  64  is configured for movement and contact with the battery  52  when the circuit/sensing system is activated (e.g., via activation button  48 , described below). As the activation button  48  is pushed (e.g., downwardly), for example, the body of the button  48  moves the connector arm  64  towards and in contact with the battery  52 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , the attachment arm  66  extends downwardly through an opening in the plate  58  to attach to a control board  53  provided on a top side of the plate  58 . Throughout this disclosure, the control board  53  is also referred to as the “controller.” Once the sensing system is activated, the battery  52  supplies power to the circuit  60  and to the alarm  54  also found in the security tag  40 . The alarm  54  can be associated with the control board  53  or controller, or added as a separate device within the housing  42  (e.g., see  FIG. 2 ). 
     The associated alarm  54  or indicator  55  is adapted to provide an alert when a predetermined change in intensity is detected or determined using optical sensor  46 . Put another way, when the sensing system (optical sensor  46  and controller  53 ) detects if a wall has been broken, or a lid opened, or some other event that results in a predetermined amount of change in ambient radiation or light levels, such as by a thief tampering with the product package  10  or other unauthorized entry, an alarm or indicator is triggered. In accordance with an embodiment, when the controller  53  detects a predetermined change in intensity (e.g., a substantial increase in the amount of light or ambient radiation), a radio signal can be sent to indicate the detected change, and/or an audible tone or similar sound may be optionally emitted by the alarm  54 . Unauthorized removal of the security tag  40  from the product container assembly also activates the associated alarm or indicator. 
     The type of alarm  54 , indicator  55 , or alert that is activated by the controller  53  is not intended to be limiting. A sound, light, or other visual or hearing aid or notification need not be emitted by the security tag  40  upon detection of possible unauthorized entry. That is, although an alert or determination of tampering may be locally determined and locally activated via the controller, the alarm or indicator can be either locally emitted or remotely emitted, or both. As an example, a whistle option can be provided in the form of a signal (e.g., radio signal) that can be sent wirelessly to another device, e.g., system, computer, phone, tablet, etc., to alert an authorized person, e.g., supervisor, manager, owner, guard, etc. of the detection. For example, when a security tag detects tampering, a wireless signal can be sent and received by a remote computer system that in turn sends an alert to another remote device of a user or person, e.g., send a text message to a personal phone, pager, or tablet of a security guard in a store containing the product package. 
     In an embodiment, the emitted sound can be a locally emitted sound, e.g., through an audio device such as a speaker (e.g., see speaker holes  56  in  FIG. 1 ). In an embodiment, the emitted sound can be remotely activated and emitted. For example, the security tag  40  may include a communication device (e.g., for wireless communication with another device) that is configured to activate an alarm in a store or a retail environment. 
     In an embodiment, in addition and/or alternative to the audible alarm, an indicator may be activated. For example, a light may be activated.  FIG. 13  illustrates an example of an indicator  55  in the form of a light on the housing  42  of the security tag  40 . In another embodiment, an indicator may be remotely activated (e.g., on a screen, on a mobile device, etc.). 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, it is contemplated that the alarm  54  may also detect an electric signal broadcast by the retail location (e.g., remote activation), such as a radio signal or WiFi protocols. The alarm  54  may emit an audible tone or sound (e.g., through its speaker  56 ) if the electric signal broadcast by the retail location sends instructions to do so. 
     Accordingly, it should be understood that a “security device” as used throughout this disclosure refers to at least a device associated with an optical sensor and an alarm or indicator and configured to activate an alarm or indicator when the optical sensor detects a predetermined change in the amount of detected ambient radiation within a package. 
     As previously noted, the security tag  40  further includes the activation button  48  for activating the circuit connection between the battery  52 , the optical sensor  46 , and the alarm  54 . The activation button  48  can further deactivate the circuit connection, if already activated.  FIG. 1  shows a top portion of the button  48  with a contact surface that is accessible for pushing (e.g., downwardly) towards arm  44 . The pushing of the button  44  activates the sensing system within the security tag  40 . Typically the security tag  40  can be attached to a package and then further secured and activated via pushing of the button  48 . 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the button  48  comprises a pin  50  extending from its body, as seen in  FIG. 5 , for example. The pin extends perpendicularly from the contact surface (from its bottom) towards the arm  44 . The pin extends perpendicularly to the arm  44  as well. The pin  50  is designed to be pushed through an opening  43  in the bottom surface  45  of housing  42  to contact the arm  44  on an opposite side, for example. The pin  50  is secured by being locked with the arm  44 . Thus, the pin  50  secures the security tag  40  to the package. The pin is also designed for contact with/movement of the arm  44  to connect and activate the circuit  60  of the security tag  40 , which is described below. 
     The button  48  and pin  50  are designed for insertion through a wall in a package. For example, the pin  50  can be formed with a pierced end to pierce the wall or lid of the package and/or any shrink-wrap or covering of the package. In an embodiment, the location of the button  48  and/or pin  50  extending therefrom in the security tag  40  is designed based on a location of an opening in a package. For example, a hole can be formed in a lid of a package (e.g., see  FIG. 10 ) for receiving pin  50  therethrough. The security tag  40  cannot be removed by accident since the pin is secured and holds it in place. Therefore, unauthorized removal of the security tag from the product package activates the alarm or indicator, e.g., if the device or the wall(s) are torn. The predetermined opening or hole or aperture in the product package can also help in the positioning of the security device itself onto the package. 
     The pin  50  is also inaccessible from the exterior of the product container  10  making it difficult, if not impossible, for a potential thief to open the package, or to remove a product from the package, without damaging the package walls or lid and/or the security tag  40  itself. 
     As seen by viewing the cross-sectional view in  FIG. 2 , in use, the pin  50  from the housing can be pushed down (e.g., via a button  48  or push point) into the package (e.g., into another optional opening, such as after insertion of its arm  44  into a predetermined opening, or through a wall of the package). In addition to locking the security tag  40  in place on a package, movement (e.g., pushing) of the button  48  and its pin  50  acts in effect as an ON/OFF switch for the security tag  40 . For example, as previously noted, downward movement of the button  48  can cause one or more spring electronic contacts (e.g., a first electrical contact, e.g., connector  44 , and/or a second electrical contact, e.g., spring arm  62 ) to connect with battery  52 . This also adds an advantage in that it allows for conservation of power relative to the security tag in that, when it is not in use, it is turned off, resulting in a longer lasting life of the security tag. 
     Thus, a method for operating the security tag  40  can include attaching the security tag to the package, e.g., via optionally aligning and inserting the arm  44  of the security tag  40  into the package (e.g., through an opening, predetermined or not), and then activating the optical sensor  46  by connecting the battery  52  and the optical sensor  46  via the circuit  60 , by pushing the button  48  and locking the pin  50  to the arm  44 . Then, the ambient radiation within the package is determined with the sensor  46 , including its intensity. The optical sensor  46  is then calibrated to the determined ambient radiation within the package. The optical sensor is configured to detect changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package to determine and optionally activate, via the controller, the alarm or indicator and provide the alert. When necessary, e.g., upon detection of an increase in the intensity of the ambient radiation using the optical sensor  46 , the alarm is activated. 
     Accordingly, despite the configuration of the security tag, even if it does not lock the package, its connection to the package can stop a package from being opened or its product from being taken by operation of an alarm from the connected security tag, because breaking any point of the package can increase the light or radiation therein and triggers the alarm. Further, movement of or removal of the security tag relative to its associated package, or removal of product contents within the package, may also result in a change in intensity that triggers an alarm or indicator. 
     The security device  40  can be used with any number of types of packages. For example, in an instance where a package is formed from transparent or translucent materials, and/or includes an (optional) opening or window (example described below), the optical sensor  46  is designed to first calibrate itself according to detected ambient radiation within (or around) the package, received through the opening or window or walls. The sensing system then detects any [reflected] ambient radiation with the optical sensor  46 , and determines its intensity. 
     Furthermore, a printed circuit board (PCB) and/or pin locking mechanisms can be used in accordance with an embodiment. Also, in embodiments, a security device can carry a transponder associated with an electronic article surveillance system (EAS) as used in retail environments (e.g. AM, RF, EM, or RFID). 
     In embodiments, the sensing system of the security device may use any sort of circuitry, software, logic, or a combination thereof to determine the intensity readings of the ambient radiation within the package. For example, in an embodiment, the controller comprises logic which determines any change in the detected level of intensity of the ambient light or radiation over a period of time. Thus, if a decrease or an increase in intensity of the ambient radiation is determined, a decrease or increase in the amount of ambient radiation in the package is detected. For example, when using photodetectors as optical sensors  46  to receive ambient radiation, a change in intensity is directly proportional to the amount of light within the package. Specifically, an increase in the intensity of the reflected radiation corresponds to an increase in the amount of ambient light within the interior or interior cavity of the package. 
     The circuit used with the sensing system is not intended to be limiting. In an embodiment, in order to ensure that sudden fluctuations in light intensity do not trigger the alarm  54 , the circuitry can be designed with a stabilizer. In addition or alternatively, the controller may use logic and calculations to compensate for shadows, changes in lighting, or other known events that may occur that may affect the amount of ambient light received within the package and that is reflected and/or detected by the at least one optical sensor  46 . 
     Thus, the security tag  40  offers numerous anti-theft features for a package. The security tag  40  may assist in keeping the product container locked in a closed orientation. The security tag  40  may trigger an alarm if the optical sensor  46  within the product container has detected a predetermined amount of change in the detected intensity therein, indicating that a portion of the package is broken and/or that an attempt has been made to open the product container. 
     The security tag  40  is adapted to be reused once the product initially placed in a package is sold to a consumer. A merchant can remove the security tag  40  from the package or container, for example, and may then insert it into in another product package, that is placed on a shelf in the retail environment. 
     The security tag  40  is also capable of being used in product containers of different sizes. For instance, it is contemplated that in an embodiment the security tag  40  may initially be utilized with a product container for a small electronic device, such as an MP3 player, and then later placed into a product container for a larger electronic device, such as a navigation system. 
     The size of the security tag  40  may vary based upon the size of the packaging and the type of product being secured. 
     Also, features of the security tag  40  can vary as well. For example, an arm  44  does not need to be provided on the tag  40  for securement of the tag  40  to a package or container. In an embodiment, as shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the security tag  40  is configured for attachment using another device, including, but not limited to, stickers, glue or adhesive, magnets, or other attachment methods. As described above, the security tag  40  can include a housing  42  with an optical sensor  46 , button  48  (optional), battery  52 , controller  53 , and an alarm  54  (optional) and/or indicator  55  (optional) that are connected and in communication with each other when the security tag  40  is activated. The optical sensor  46  can be aligned on a wall (e.g., wall  18  or lid  14 ) of a package  10  based on a location of a hole  26  therein, such that optical sensor  46  is positioned to calibrate and read light levels inside the package  10 , as previously described. 
       FIG. 6  shows an exemplary product package  10  in the form of a box (e.g., made of paperboard) that can be configured to receive a security device  40  as disclosed herein.  FIG. 10  illustrates an alternate side of the assembled product package  10 . Product package  10  has a base or body portion  12  formed with a plurality of side walls  18  and a bottom  20 , the side walls  18  generally extending upwardly or vertically from the bottom  20 , and a lid portion  14  connected by a (living) hinge portion  16  to at least one side wall  18 . 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  show a blank that can be used to form the box  10 . Specifically,  FIG. 7  shows exterior surfaces and  FIG. 9  shows interior surfaces of each of the walls. The blank is formed with the plurality of sidewalls  18 , a top wall  14  with a tab  22 , tabs  15  and  21 , and a plurality of flaps  19  and  20 , each of which are designed to be folded along fold lines (shown as dashed lines) to form a package or enclosure with an opening for placing contents into its interior cavity  34  (also referred to herein as its “interior”). 
     The lid  14  as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 9  moves between open and closed positions. Tab  15  is designed to be folded about its hinge, and the lid  14 , which forms the top wall, also folds about its hinge  16  (after folding tab  15  and flaps  19  inwardly). At least a top wall  14  is pivotally attached to at least one other wall (e.g., a sidewall  18 ) to move between open and closed positions. When top wall  14  and (optional) tab  15  is open relative to the assembly, for example, e.g., see  FIG. 9 , it allows access to contents in the product package via an opening formed by side walls  18 , and, when closed, it substantially prevents access to the contents therein. 
     Extending from one of the sidewalls  18  (e.g., rightmost sidewall, as shown in  FIG. 8 ) is a tab  21  for attachment to another sidewall  18  (e.g., leftmost sidewall) when the box is assembled. For example, adhesive or glue may be applied to an outer or exterior surface of the tab  21  and aligned with and attached to an interior surface of sidewall  18 . Also, one or more sidewalls  18  may further include flaps  19  and/or  20  attached thereto. Flaps  19  and  20  can be moved to open or close off access to contents within the package. In an embodiment, the bottom wall  20  can be formed from multiple tabs. In one embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 7 , for example, each sidewall  18  includes a bottom flap  20  that is configured to be secured (e.g., via folding and/or with adhesive) to form the bottom of the product package  10 . In another embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 8 , two tabs extend from side walls  18  for folding and attachment to form the bottom wall  20 . In yet another embodiment, not shown, the bottom can be formed a similar manner to the lid  14 , such that at least one portion is configured to fold and hinge and be secured (e.g., via another tab) relative to the walls  18 . In still yet another embodiment, tabs  20  can be provided in addition to a bottom wall  20  (or bottom lid), and used in a similar manner as tabs  15  and  19 , for example. 
     Optionally, the product package further includes a number of score lines placed on the interior of any one of its walls, tabs, flaps, or lid. As shown in  FIG. 8 , for example, score lines can be provided on a wall  18  near a location that connects with tab  21  and/or on a bottom wall  20  or tab. Score lines do not necessarily need to extend all of the way through the substrate (from the interior to the exterior). Score lines can provide a built in weakness in the walls and assist in tearing of the same. That is, they can increase the probability that the printed circuit will be broken if the walls are torn or moved. Accordingly, when one or more score lines on one of the walls or tabs is severed, ambient radiation or light from outside can enter into the product package  10 . Thus, the optical sensor  46  can detect the change of intensity of ambient radiation within the interior cavity, and a determination can be made if an alarm should be activated (or not). 
     The addition of score lines in addition to adhesive in such seam areas (bottom, side) encourages tearing if the walls are tampered with by enhancing a weakness in the area and helps ensure tearing of a wall or tab. The scoring lines may be in the form of lines, dashes, dots, notches, etc. and are not limited to the illustrated design. In an embodiment, the score lines comprise perforations. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, the housing  42  of the security device  40  is provided adjacent to and/or on top of the top wall  14  or lid. The product package  10  can be formed to accommodate its attachment. For example, in an embodiment, an aperture is provided (e.g., hole  26 , hole  28 , and/or both being relatively aligned) for positioning of the optical sensor  46  of the security tag  40  adjacently thereto such that the optical sensor  46  can detect intensity. In an embodiment, the security device  40  may be removably attached to a predetermined opening (e.g., receiving opening  32 ) on an outside of a product container or package. 
     In an embodiment, the product package  10  includes a tab  22  with an alignment opening  24  or hole that extends from the top wall  14  or lid and which is configured to align with a receiving opening  30  or hole on side wall  18  when the top wall  14  is moved or hinged to the closed position. The tab  22  is folded along its fold line and inserted into a receiving area formed by a slit that is cut in tab  22  near an edge and adjacent a fold line. That is, openings  24  and  30  are aligned when the product package is in the closed position, e.g., as shown in  FIG. 10 , and form the receiving opening  32 . Tab  22  is adjacent sidewall  18  when inserted into the slit. Alignment opening  24  is aligned with receiving opening  30  in the closed position when assembled. This can assist in increasing the strength of the aperture designed to receive part of the security device (e.g., an arm  44  of the security device  40 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the security device  40  is adapted to cooperate with the product package  10  in its assembled form via alignment with and subsequent insertion of its arm  44  through the aligned openings  34  and  30 . In another embodiment, the receiving opening  32  is formed directly a wall, e.g., side wall  18 . For example, opening  30  can be used alone without opening  24  in the tab. 
     Further, to secure or lock the security device  40  to the closed box or package, a pin receiving hole can be provided. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the pin receiving hole can be punched in the top so that it allows a pin from a security device to be inserted therethrough and locked with an arm or button underneath the top of the package. In an embodiment, to secure or lock the security device  40  to the top of the closed box or package, the top wall  14  can include a through hole  26  for receipt of the pin  50  of the security device  40 . In an embodiment, tab  15  also includes a through hole  28  that is positioned such that, when tab  15  and top wall  14  are folded about their hinges to a closed position, the through holes  28  and  26  align with each other to form a pin receiving opening. 
     Accordingly, after insertion of the arm  44  of the security device  40  through receiving opening  32 , the pin  50  can be moved or pushed (e.g., via button  48 ) through the aligned holes  26  and  28  and locked with arm  44  to hold it in place.  FIG. 12  illustrates an example of this attachment. Pressing of the button  48  (e.g., downwardly) so that its pin  50  moves through the aligned holes  26  and  28  enables contact between the pin  50  and arm  44 /sensor  46 . Further, as previously described, it electrically connects the circuit  60  by moving the connector  64  into contact with the battery  52  (see  FIG. 5 ). As shown in  FIG. 12 , then, the optical sensor is positioned to face downwardly into the interior cavity  34 , the interior cavity being provided below the optical sensor (on arm  44 ). 
     The security device cannot be removed by accident since the pin holds it in place. Therefore, unauthorized removal of the security device from the product package can activate the alarm or indicator. The hole also helps the positioning of the device itself. The location of the pin receiving opening can be based on the location of the pin of the security device to be attached, for example. 
     It is noted that the location and the exemplary illustration of the openings and the positioning of the security device on the top wall, as shown, is not intended to be limiting. 
     In an embodiment, openings for insertion of the arm  44  and/or pin  50  may not need to be provided. The security device can additionally and/or alternatively be adapted to cooperate with the product package via insertion through other aligned openings. 
     Although not shown, the product package  10  can further include a hanging tab with an opening for hanging on a display. In an embodiment, the opening for hanging can be formed in a wall, e.g., in a side wall  18 . 
     In an embodiment, exterior surfaces of one or more of the walls may include stickers, labels, or other product markings thereon. In an embodiment, a display opening is provided that can be used to allow scanning or reading of a bar code, for example. 
     In an embodiment, at least one window may be provided in one or more walls of the package  10  (e.g., see dashed lines on side wall  18  in  FIGS. 7 ,  9 , and  10 ). In an embodiment, the window may be formed from material that is substantially translucent or transparent or, alternatively, comprise a through opening. The at least one window permits ambient light constituting ambient radiation to enter the package  10 . The window (or opening) may also allow a user to view the contents within the package  10 . The window permits light to be directed into the interior cavity  34  of the package  10 . Ambient light can enter from a plurality of directions and be reflected off of any product or contents in the interior as well as the interior of the walls  18 . The sensor system of the security device  40  can be calibrated based on the ambient radiation that enters the package via the window, e.g., when positioned or hanging on a display rod or shelf. 
     In another embodiment, one or more of the walls  18 ,  20 , and/or lid  14  are formed from substantially translucent or transparent material. In a similar manner, the security system can be calibrated based on the light therein. 
     The manufacture of product containers or packages shown herein is not meant to be limiting. A lid and a base made be formed using any number of techniques. Packages made from a paper based material, such as paperboard, cardboard, and the like, to form a box or similar shape, or two sided container, can be manufactured as a generally flat sheet, or “blank,” that can be designed to be folded together, and can optionally utilize flaps, tabs, adhesives, and/or adhesives in order to make the generally flat sheet into a product container. However, it should be noted that the product package  10  may be made from a variety of materials including polymeric materials, paper, paperboard, cardboard, plastics, thermoplastics, and the like. The security tag  40  allows materials such as paper, paperboard, and cardboard, etc. to be utilized—alone or in combination—even with more expensive products or contents therein, as the alarm  54  of the security tag  40  will activate if the product package  10  is tampered with in an effort to remove its content, reducing the likelihood of a thief stealing the contents of the product container  10 . 
     The illustrated embodiments described herein are not meant to be limiting. Accordingly, it is in accordance with an embodiment herein to provide a security tag. One aspect of the disclosure provides a security tag. The security tag for a package comprising: a housing with a battery therein; an optical sensor on the housing configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation within the package; a circuit connecting the battery and the optical sensor; an alarm or indicator further connected to the circuit and adapted to provide an alert; and a controller configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor, wherein the optical sensor is calibrated upon attachment of the housing to the package based on ambient radiation detected within the package, and wherein the optical sensor is configured to detect the changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package to activate via the controller the alarm or indicator and provide the alert. 
     In an embodiment, this disclosure provides a security tag that includes: a housing with a battery therein and an arm extending from the housing and spaced therefrom. The arm is configured for insertion into a package. An optical sensor is provided on the arm and configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation within the package. A circuit is also provided in the tag and is configured to connect the battery and the optical sensor such that the optical sensor is activated for detection. An alarm or indicator is connected to the circuit and adapted to provide an alert. A controller is configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor. The optical sensor is calibrated according to the detection of ambient light radiation within the package upon its activation, and is configured to detect the changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package after its calibration to activate via the controller the alarm or indicator and provide the alert. 
     It is in accordance with an embodiment to provide a product package with a security tag. The product package includes: a plurality of walls configured to contain contents in an interior cavity; at least one of the plurality of walls of the product package configured to be moved between (a) an open position allowing access to contents inside the interior cavity of the product package via an opening and (b) a closed position substantially preventing access to the contents within the interior cavity therein by closing the opening; and a security device being removably connected to the product package. The security device has a housing with a battery, and an optical sensor on the housing positioned and configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation in the interior cavity of the product package. A circuit of the security device is configured to connect the battery and the optical sensor for detection. The security device further includes an alarm or indicator adapted to provide an alert. A controller is configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor. The optical sensor is calibrated according to the intensity detection of ambient radiation within the interior cavity of the product package upon its activation. The optical sensor is configured to detect a change of intensity of ambient radiation within the interior cavity after its calibration to activate the alarm or indicator via the controller and provide the alert. 
     In an embodiment herein, there is provided a method for operating a security tag attached to a package. The security tag has a battery, an optical sensor configured to detect an intensity of ambient radiation within the package, a circuit configured to connect the battery and the optical sensor such that the optical sensor is activated for detection, an alarm or indicator adapted to provide an alert, and a controller configured to control the alarm or indicator based on detections by the optical sensor. The method includes: activating the optical sensor by connecting the battery and the optical sensor via the circuit; determining the ambient radiation within the package with the sensor; determining changes in intensity of the ambient radiation; and calibrating the optical sensor to the determined ambient radiation. The optical sensor is configured to detect the changes of intensity of the ambient radiation within the package to activate the alarm or indicator via the controller and provide the alert. 
     The features described with respect to each of the embodiments herein are not limited to those designs for which they are shown. For example, tabs, flaps, openings or holes, fold lines, score lines, and the like may be provided on and/or removed from any of the embodiments described herein. The circuit for connecting the battery to the optical sensor for activation thereof can be provided within the housing in any number of ways. Any number of methods or materials can be used to form the housing of the security tag and the parts herein. Similarly, the product package, case, container, structure, or blank can be formed from any number of materials and in any number of methods. 
     A blank that is configured for assembly is not intended to be limited to the illustrated embodiments herein. Further, the assembly of the product packages should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, in some embodiments, blanks of the different packages can be partially assembled or adhered together for assembly, but flattened so that they can be packed for shipping (i.e., before objects or contents are placed therein). Also, in some embodiments, packages can be assembled, a product placed therein, closed, and then secured with shrink wrap or a similar product. The security tag may be attached to a package (e.g., for alignment with an aperture, or through a predetermined opening) after the package with the product therein is shrink-wrapped. The optional arm can pierce the shrink wrap when inserted into the package (e.g., through the receiving opening). The pin of the button can pierce through the shrink wrap. 
     Furthermore, the use of a flat blank is shown herein as an example only and is not intended to limit the formation of the package. Packages and/or its parts can be molded or formed. 
     Moreover, it should be understood that the disclosure herein is not intended to limit use of the herein disclosed security tag to a new type of package or blank that needs to be manufactured. A security tag with features as disclosed herein that can attach to any pre-assembled product package by inserting its optical sensor into the interior is also within the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, openings can be formed in existing packages to accommodate attachment of the security tag (e.g., insertion of its arm with the optical sensor) to such devices. 
     The receiving opening for the arm with optical sensor thereon does not need to be specifically formed within a wall of the package. The receiving opening could already be formed in the package itself. It can be a portion of the package that provides access into its interior and that can receive the arm, e.g., a space between parts of the package walls or lid, or the arm could be inserted at a seam. Similarly, an aperture on the package for alignment with an adjacent optical sensor of the security tag need not be specifically formed on the package. For example, such an aperture may already exist in the package. Furthermore, an aperture need not be provided on the package for the positioning of the optical sensor to detect light. As previously mentioned, for example, at least one window may be provided in one or more walls of a package. The optical sensor can be positioned adjacent to such a window, and thus configured to detect ambient radiation within a package interior. 
     Moreover, the location for attachment of a security tag is not limited. Also, the placement of security tag onto the package does not necessarily need to be inserted at a point at or near the opening or closure of the package, but rather a point that allows for the positioning of the optical sensor to detect and calibrate (via the controller) in relation to radiation or light in its interior without departing from the scope of this disclosure, so that when any point on the package and/or one of its walls is moved, opened, ripped, and/or broken, the resulting change in the radiation or light is detected by the sensor (e.g., detection of an increase of light therein). When a predetermined amount or change of light is detected within the package, e.g., over a predetermined period of time, thereby resulting in a calculation or determination of unauthorized access or entry, the alarm or indicator associated with the security tag can be triggered. 
     It should be understood that the design and shape of the security tag as shown herein is not intended to be limiting, and that other shapes and/or designs, for example, may be implemented in a similar manner and still be within the scope of this disclosure. For example, a different security device may have similar features as security tag  40  (e.g., a battery, a processor, PCB, an alarm, pins, and/or an insert), along with an optical sensor for detecting ambient light or radiation within a package. 
     While the principles of the disclosure have been made clear in the illustrative embodiments set forth above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the structure, arrangement, proportion, elements, materials, and components used in the practice of the disclosure. 
     It will thus be seen that features of this disclosure have been fully and effectively accomplished. It will be realized, however, that the foregoing preferred specific embodiments have been shown and described for the purpose of illustrating the functional and structural principles of this disclosure and are subject to change without departure from such principles. Therefore, this disclosure includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the following claims.