Patent Publication Number: US-7903878-B2

Title: Capturing and presenting text during optical character recognition

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 60/811,316, filed Jun. 5, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 60/788,365, filed Mar. 30, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/729,662, filed Mar. 28, 2007 entitled “System for Capturing and Presenting Text Using Video Image Capture for Optical Character Recognition,” which application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/729,664, filed Mar. 28, 2007 entitled “Method for Capturing and Presenting Text Using Video Image Capture for Optical Character Recognition,” which application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/729,663, filed Mar. 28, 2007 entitled “System for Capturing and Presenting Text While Maintaining Material Context During Optical Character Recognition,” which application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed embodiments relate generally to the field of adaptive technology designed to help people with certain impairments and to augment their independence. More particularly, the disclosed embodiments relate to systems that assist in processing text into audible sounds for use by those suffering from dyslexia, low vision, or other impairments that make reading a challenge. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Modern society relies heavily on analog text-based information to transfer and record knowledge. For a large number of people, however, the act of reading can be daunting if not impossible. Such people include those with learning disabilities (LD), blindness, and other visual impairments arising from diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma, etc. 
     Recent studies indicate that at least one in twenty has dyslexia, a common form of LD and at least one in ten is affected with other forms of LD that limit a person&#39;s ability to read or write symbols. LDs are genetic neurophysiological differences that affect a person&#39;s ability to perform linguistic tasks such as reading and spelling. The disability can exhibit different symptoms with varying degrees of severity in different individuals. The precise cause or pathophysiology of LDs such as dyslexia remains a matter of contention and, to date, no treatment to reverse the condition fully has been found. Typically, individuals with LD are placed in remedial programs directed to modifying learning in an attempt to help such individuals read in a conventional manner. While early diagnosis is key to helping LD individuals succeed, the lack of systematic testing for the disability leaves the condition undetected in many adults and children. For the most part, modern approaches to LD have been taken from an educational standpoint, in the hopes of forcing LD-affected people to learn as others do. Such approaches have had mixed results because LD is physiologically-based. Sheer will or determination is not enough to rewire the brain and level the playing field. The disclosed embodiments address this problem by providing an alternative approach to assisting LD-affected individuals. 
     In addition to the LD population, there is a large and growing population of people with poor or no vision. Many of these are elderly people and the affected populations will increase in the next twenty years as Baby Boomers reach their 70s and beyond. According to the National Institutes of Health (2004), many individuals have conditions that either impair or threaten to impair vision, e.g., diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, advanced or intermediate AMD, and glaucoma. See table below for statistics. Additionally, 3.3 million people are blind or have low vision from other causes. The inability to read or reading suffered by these groups can have a devastating impact on these individuals&#39; daily life. For example, difficulties in reading can interfere with performance of simple tasks and activities, and deprive affected individuals of access to important text-based information, independence, and associated self-respect. As such, there is a need for technology that can help the LD population gain ready access to text-based information. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Diabetic 
                   
                   
                 Inter- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Reti- 
                   
                 Advanced 
                 mediate 
                   
               
               
                   
                 nopathy 
                 Cataract 
                 AMD 
                 AMD 
                 Glaucoma 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Number 
                 4,725,220 
                 20,475,000 
                 1,749,000 
                 7,311,000 
                 2,218,000 
               
               
                 Affected 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The disclosed embodiments are designed to meet at least some of the needs of LD populations and of populations with low or no vision. 
     SUMMARY 
     One aspect of the invention involves a method of presenting text found on a substantially planar object. The method comprises: positioning the substantially planar object for imaging; capturing an image from the substantially planar object; converting the image to a digital text; associating a media type with the text found on the substantially planar object; organizing the digital text according to the media type; and converting the digital text to an output format. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves a method of capturing text found on an object. The method comprises: positioning the object for imaging; capturing an image of the object; converting the image to a digital text; associating a media type with the text found on the object; and organizing the digital text according to the media type. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves a method of capturing text found on a non-planar object. The method comprises: positioning the non-planar object for imaging; capturing an image from the non-planar object; and converting the image to a digital text. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves a method for capturing text found on an object. The method comprises: manipulating the object to expose the desired portion of the object for imaging; framing the object for imaging; lighting the object to enhance contrast; focusing on the object; capturing an image of the object; converting the image to an Optical Character Recognition (“OCR”) suitable image; processing the OCR suitable image to create a composition page scan; conditioning the composition page scan to create a conditioned image; converting the conditioned image to a digital text; storing the digital text in a first data structure; organizing the first data structure to retain the layout of the text on the object; and storing the first data structure as a first stored digital text. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves associating a layout format with the media type. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves evaluating the media type and layout format to determine the layout of text found on the substantially planar object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves managing the digital text for subsequent access. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves preparing the environment for imaging. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves converting a plurality of the images to a digital text. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves selecting the output format from the group consisting of speech, Braille, and displaying large print text. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves associating a layout format with the media type. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves evaluating the media type and layout format to determine the layout of text found on the object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves managing the digital text for subsequent access. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves converting the digital text for presentation to an output format. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves translating the digital text. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves converting the output format to a language different than the text found on the object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves lighting the object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves adjusting focal length to vary depth of field. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves using image filters to enhance contrast while imaging the object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves enhancing the plurality of images captured by lighting the object, automatically adjusting focal length, and using image filters. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves enhancing the plurality of images captured by implementing a feedback loop while lighting the object, automatically adjusting focal length, and using image filters. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves managing the digital text for subsequent access. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves converting the digital text for presentation to an output format. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves organizing the digital text to maintain a text layout on the object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves associating a media type with the text found on the object. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves organizing the digital text according to the media type. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves associating a layout format with the media type. 
     Another aspect of the invention involves evaluating the media type and layout format to determine the layout of text found on the object. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  provides a high-level overview of certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrates a front view and a side view of an exemplary handheld embodiment of the invention. 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate a rear view and a top view of the device illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B . 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  provide an isometric view of an exemplary standalone embodiment in an open configuration and a top view of the standalone embodiment in a closed configuration. 
         FIGS. 5A ,  5 B, and  5 C provide a side view of the standalone embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  with an enlarged view of the exterior front panel and an enlarged view of the interior back panel. 
         FIG. 6  shows a sample page of a book containing black text against a white background that can be captured and/or processed by an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows a sample page of a colored magazine article that can be captured and/or processed by an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIGS. 8A ,  8 B, and  8 C illustrate schematics of an exemplary standalone embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     This disclosure describes methods, systems, apparatuses, and graphical user interfaces for capturing and presenting text using auditory signals. Reference are made to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention is described in conjunction with the embodiments, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to these particular embodiments alone. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims 
     Moreover, in the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, however, that the invention may be practiced without these particular details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components that are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art are not described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present invention. 
     According to certain embodiments, a system is provided to allow text from a document or other object to be read by the system to a person. 
     System Overview 
       FIG. 1  provides a high-level overview of certain embodiments of the invention. The system of  FIG. 1  comprises an object manipulation subsystem  102 , an imaging subsystem  104 , a data subsystem  106 , and an output subsystem  108 . 
     Subsystems  102 - 108  include components that are implemented either in software, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Object manipulation subsystem  102  includes functional components such as framing  110 , page lighting  112 , focusing  114 , and page turning  116 . Imaging subsystem  104  includes functional components such as image capture  118 , page composition  120 , image conditioning  122 , and OCR  124 . Data subsystem  106  includes functional components such as material context  126 , storage  128 , and librarian  130 . Output subsystem  108  includes functional components such as text-to-speech  132 , Braille machine  134 , large print display  136  and a translator (not shown). 
     Framing component  110  aids in positioning the book or other object to enable a camera component of the embodiment to obtain a suitable image of a page of the book or the surface of the object. A guiding mechanism may be used to position the book or other object. Non-limiting examples of guiding mechanisms include mechanical page guides and light projection as further described below with reference to page lighting component  112 . 
     Page lighting component  112  ensures that optimal lighting is used in order to obtain a high-contrast (or other appropriate contrast) image. As a non-limiting example, an LCD light source that is integrated into the system may be used to provide suitable lighting. For colored images, page lighting  112  may optimally provide light in the natural spectrum, for example. Additionally, the light projection provided by page lighting component  112  can act as a framing guide for the book or other object by laying down a light and shadow image to guide placement of the book relative to the image finder of the imaging device. 
     Focusing component  114  provides automatic adjustment of focal length for generating a crisp image. For example, for optical character recognition (“OCR”) applications, a high f-stop is desirable. Thus, focusing component  114  adjusts the focal length to a high f-stop value for generating images on which OCR is to be applied. Focusing component  114  may include a macro focusing feature for close-up focusing. According to certain embodiments, focusing can be achieved either manually or automatically. In the case of automatic focusing, computer software or computer hardware or a combination of computer software and hardware may be used in a feedback loop with the imaging subsystem  104  to achieve the desired focusing. 
     Page turning component  116  includes an automatic page turner for automatically turning the page for exposing each page of a book to an imaging device in the system for obtaining an image of the exposed page. According to certain embodiments, page turning component  116  may include a semi-automatic page turner by which a user may choose to turn a page by pressing a button. Page turning component  116  is synchronized with the imaging subsystem  104  such that the imaging subsystem  104  has new-page awareness when a page is turned to a new page. In response to the new page, the imaging subsystem  104  captures an image of the new page. Lighting and focal length adjustments may be made for each new page. Page turning component  116  enables automatic digitization of a book, magazine or other printed material. Thus, a user can place the book in the device and allow the device to run unattended for a specified period of time. At a later time, the user can return to collect the digitized version of the content of the book. The digitized content can be transferred to another personal device, if desired, and/or converted into a different data format, such as MP3 or another audio file format. The ability to frame, turn pages and organize content without user input is an important aspect of certain embodiments. 
     Image capture component  118  captures the image of a page or other object and converts the image to a format suitable for OCR. As a non-limiting example, image capture component  118  can capture an image photographically and then convert the captured image to a bit map. As another non-limiting example, image capture component  118  can capture streaming video and convert the streaming video into a consolidated image. Image capture component  118  may be configured automatically to cause rotation of the imaging device to account for surface curvature of a given page; substantially planar objects have little surface curvature, while non-planar objects have greater surface curvature on their surfaces. One example that will make this concept readily apparent is  FIG. 6 , whose pages are depicted in a non-planar configuration. Image capture component  118  includes image processing software for selecting the best images. The imaging device associated with the image capture component may comprise multiple variable focal length lenses. 
     Page composition component  120  processes the captured image by finding the different parts of a page for construction into a single composition page scan. Page composition component  120  recognizes the logical delineation between different articles in a magazine, for example, and can differentiate between pictures and text on the page. Further, page composition component  120  determines font size, page mode, special page profile, etc. For example, a magazine page mode informs that a page includes sections of various articles organized by columns. An example of a special page profile is the page profile of the Wall Street Journal printed newspaper. 
     Image conditioning component  122  applies image filters to the captured image for improving OCR performance. For example, image conditioning component  122  may boost the contrast of various parts of the page based on the colors of such parts. Further, image conditioning component  122  may include a feedback loop with page lighting component  112  and focusing component  114  for optimization of the image conditioning process. 
     OCR component  124  converts the conditioned image to digital text. OCR component  124  includes several engines to account for the nature of the text and/or the nature of the client. As a non-limiting example, special engines may be needed to handle legal, medical, and foreign language text. Different engines may be needed for creating different versions of digital text depending on the processing power available on the system. A thin or light version can be created for platforms with limited processing power, for example. 
     Material context component  126  organizes the data structures associated with the digital text into the appropriate form for a given media type so as to maintain a text layout which corresponds to the text on the object. For example, in the context of a book media type, the data structures are organized to correspond to the layout format for a book, i.e., chapters with footnotes. In the case of a magazine media type, the data structures are organized to correspond to the layout format for articles. In the case of a label for a medical prescription media type, the OCR component may tag key elements of the text as “doctor name” or “hospital phone number” for subsequent use by search functions. Further, material context component  126  has the ability to organize the data structures based on a set of predefined context profiles which relate to the layout formats of varying media types. According to certain embodiments, material context component  126  may be configured to learn a profile based on user behavior. 
     Storage component  128  stores the digital text along with the associated metadata used for organizing and referencing the digital text. Such data can be stored in memory associated with the system in any suitable format known in the art. The memory employed in the embodiments includes any suitable type of memory and data storage device. Some examples include removable magnetic media or optical storage media, e.g., diskettes or tapes, which are computer readable memories. 
     Librarian component  130  manages access to the stored digital text. Librarian component  130  provides one or more functionalities such as browsing, sorting, bookmarking, highlighting, spell checking, searching, and editing. Librarian component  130  may optionally include a speech enabled word analyzer with access to a thesaurus and a plurality of dictionaries including legal, medical, chemical, and engineering dictionaries, for example. 
     The user can choose to output the digital text in various forms. For example, text to speech component  132  can be used to convert the digital text to speech. The Braille machine  134  can be used to convert the digital text to Braille. The user has the option of converting the digital text to a format for large print display by using the display component  136 . Further, according to certain embodiments, the user has the option of translating the digital text to a different language for outputting as speech, Braille or large print. 
     As described in greater detail herein, certain embodiments include a housing, an image capturing system, and a memory. In some embodiments, the housing includes a mechanism which enables the device to be worn by a user. Any mechanism, e.g., belt clip, wrist band, etc., known in the art may be employed for this purpose. In some embodiments, the housing frame is designed to fit a user in the form of a visor. 
     System Features 
     The imaging subsystem is configured to capture a text-based image digitally for subsequent OCR processing. As used herein, the term “capture” or “capturing” refers to capturing a video stream or photographing an image and is to be distinguished from scanning. The distinctions between video processing, photographing and scanning are clear and readily known to one of ordinary skill in the art, but for clarity, scanning involves placing the printed material to be recorded flat against a glass surface or drawing a scanning device across the surface of a page. Advantages associated with capturing a text-based image via digital photography, as opposed to scanning, include greater ease of use and adaptability. Unlike with a scanner, the imaging device need not be placed flush against the surface to be imaged, thereby allowing the user the freedom and mobility to hold the imaging device at a distance from said surface, e.g., at a distance that is greater than a foot from the page of a book. Thus, such an imaging device is adaptable enough for imaging uneven surfaces such as a pill bottle or an unfolded restaurant menu, as well as substantially planar surfaces such as a street sign. Accordingly, some embodiments of the invention can capture images from both planar and non-planar objects. Capturing the image in such a manner allows for rapid acquisition of the digital images and allows for automated or semi-automated page turning. 
     In the case of difficult-to-scan items such as a pill bottle, software modules associated with the imaging subsystem condition the less-than-scanning-perfect image for OCR processing. Thus, the user has the flexibility of using the device under a wide range of conditions. 
     According to certain embodiments, the imaging subsystem includes a power source, a plurality of lenses, a level detection mechanism, a zoom mechanism, a mechanism for varying focal length, a mechanism for varying aperture, a video capture unit, such as those employed in closed-circuit television cameras, and a shutter. The power source may be a battery, A/C, solar cell, or any other means known in the art. In some embodiments of the invention, the battery life extends over a minimum of two hours. In other embodiments, the battery life extends over a minimum of four hours. In yet other embodiments, the battery life extends over a minimum of ten hours. 
     To optimize the quality of the captured image, certain embodiments include a level detection mechanism that determines whether the imaging device is level to the surface being imaged. Any level detection mechanisms known in the art may be used for this purpose. The level detection mechanism communicates with an indicator that signals to the user when the device is placed at the appropriate angle (or conversely, at an inappropriate angle) relative to the surface being imaged. The signals employed by the indicator may be visual, audio, or tactile. Some embodiments include at least one automatically adjustable lens that can tilt at different angles within the device so as to be level with the surface being imaged and compensate for user error. 
     To avoid image distortion at close range, some embodiments include a plurality of lenses, one of which is a MACRO lens, as well as a zoom mechanism, such as digital and/or optical zoom. In certain embodiments, the device includes a lens operating in Bragg geometry, such as a Bragg lens. Embodiments can include a mechanism for varying the focal length and a mechanism for varying the aperture within predetermined ranges to create various depths of field. The image subsystem is designed to achieve broad focal depth for capturing text-based images at varying distances from the imaging device. Thus, the device is adaptable for capturing objects ranging from a street sign to a page in a book. The minimum focal depth of the imaging device corresponds to an f-stop 5.6, according to certain embodiments. In some embodiments, the imaging device has a focal depth of f-stop 10 or greater. 
     In certain embodiments, the imaging device provides a shutter that is either electrical or mechanical, and further provides a mechanism for adjusting the shutter speed within a predetermined range. In some embodiments, the imaging device has a minimum shutter speed of 1/60ths. In other embodiments, the imaging device has a minimum shutter speed of 1/125ths. Certain embodiments include a mechanism for varying the ISO speed of the imaging device for capturing text-based images under various lighting conditions. In some embodiments, the imaging device includes an image stabilization mechanism to compensate for a user&#39;s unsteady positioning of the imaging device. 
     In addition to the one-time photographic capture model, some embodiments further include a video unit for continuous video capture. For example, a short clip of the image can be recorded using the video capture unit and processed to generate one master image from the composite of the video stream. Thus, an uneven surface, e.g., an unfolded newspaper which is not lying flat, can be recorded in multiple digital video images and accurately captured by slowly moving the device over the surface to be imaged. A software component of the imaging subsystem can then build a final integrated composite image from the video stream for subsequent OCR processing to achieve enhanced accuracy. Similarly, a streaming video input to the imaging subsystem can be processed for subsequent OCR processing. Software that performs the above described function is known in the art. Accordingly, both planar and non-planar objects can be imaged with a video unit employing continuous video capture. 
     Additionally, some embodiments include one or more light sources for enhancing the quality of the image captured by the device. Light sources known in the art can be employed for such a purpose. For example, the light source may be a FLASH unit, an incandescent light, or an LED light. In some embodiments, the light source employed optimizes contrast and reduces the level of glare. In one embodiment, the light source is specially designed to direct light at an angle that is not perpendicular to the surface being imaged for reducing glare. 
     In some embodiments, the image capturing system further includes a processor and software-implemented image detectors and filters that function to optimize certain visual parameters of the image for subsequent OCR processing. To optimize the image, especially images that include colored text, for subsequent OCR processing, some embodiments further include a color differential detection mechanism as well as a mechanism for adjusting the color differential of the captured image. 
     As an example,  FIG. 7  shows a page  700  where a given region  702  on the page contains text. Region  702  has two subregions. Subregion  704  has no background color, while subregion  706  has a background color. The text in region  702  spans both subregions  704  and  706 . The contrast between the background color in subregion  706  and the text within subregion  706  is too low to allow for accurate OCR processing of all of region  702 . To compensate for the poor contrast, the color differential detection mechanism of certain embodiments obtains information for determining whether there is sufficient contrast in the text-based image. Such information is inputted to a program associated with the color differential adjustment mechanism. If, for example, the level of contrast does not conform to a specified range, the program will modulate various settings of the image capturing system, e.g., lighting, white balance, and color differential to enhance the image. These adjustments, along with other changes to all the other operational settings described above, such as adjusting shutters, aperture, lens tilt, etc., prepare the environment around and on the object for imaging. One feature of the present invention is to initiate image recapture automatically following adjustments to the environment. Recapture may also be executed manually by the user after the imaging subsystem issues other visual or auditory prompts to the user. 
     In some embodiments, the imaging subsystem further includes CMOS image sensor cells. To facilitate users with unsteady hands and avoid image distortion, handheld embodiments further include an image stabilization mechanism, known by those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Additional Features 
     The system can include a user interface comprising a number of components such as volume control, speakers, headphone/headset jack, microphone, and display. The display may be a monochromatic or color display. In some embodiments, an LCD display having a minimum of 640×480 resolution is employed. The LCD display may also be a touch screen display. According to certain embodiments, the user interface includes a voice command interface by which the user can input simple system commands to the system. In alternative embodiments, the system includes a Braille display to accommodate visually impaired users. In still other embodiments, the Braille display is a peripheral device in the system. 
     Certain embodiments further include a data port for data transfer, such as transfer of images, from the system to a computing station. Suitable means known in the art for data transfer can be used for this purpose. In one embodiment, the data port is a USB 2.0 slot for wired communication with devices. Some embodiments may be wirelessly-enabled with 802.11 a/b/g/n (Wi-Fi) standards. In another embodiment, an infrared (IR) port is employed for transferring image data to a computing station. Still another embodiment includes a separate USB cradle that functions as a battery charging mechanism and/or a data transfer mechanism. Still other embodiments employ Bluetooth radio frequency or a derivative of Ultra Wide Band for data transfer. 
     Another aspect of the invention provides a handheld device comprising a housing, image capturing system, memory, processor, an OCR system, and text reader system. Illustrations of an exemplary embodiment are provided in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . Due to the additional components included in these embodiments, the memory requirements are greater than embodiments that lack an integrated OCR system and integrated text reader system. Those of skill in the art will recognize that certain elements described above can also be incorporated into the handheld device. 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrate a front view  202  and a side view  204  of an exemplary handheld embodiment  200  of the invention.  FIG. 2  shows a touch screen  206 , an image capture mechanism  208 , ear piece  210 , lens  212 , touch sliders  214  such as a zoom control  214   a , a volume control  214   b , a page turner  214   c , a battery power slot  216 , a spell check interface  218 , a dictionary interface  220 , and stylus  226 . Touch screen  206  shows a display  222  of the digital text. The highlighted text  224  indicates the text is being read out loud to the user. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  is a rear view and a top view of the handheld device illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B .  FIG. 3A  shows a light source  302 , a lens  304  with adjustable focal length, a speaker  306 , an extendable arm  308  for propping up the handheld device, and a battery slot  310 .  FIG. 3B  depicts a USB data port  312 , an IP port  314 , a USB camera port  316 , and an infrared (IR) port  318 . 
     OCR systems and text reader systems are well-known and available in the art. Examples of OCR systems include, without limitation, FineReader (ABBYY), OmniPage (Scansoft), Envision (Adlibsoftware), Cuneiform, PageGenie, Recognita, Presto, TextBridge, amongst many others. Examples of text reader systems include, without limitation, Kurzwell 1000 and 3000, Microsoft Word, JAWS, eReader, WriteOutloud, ZoomText, Proloquo, WYNN, Window-Eyes, and Hal. In some embodiments, the text reader system employed conforms with the DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) standard. 
     In some embodiments, the handheld device includes at least one gigabyte of FLASH memory storage and an embedded computing power of 650 mega Hertz or more to accommodate storage of various software components described herein, e.g., plane detection mechanism, image conditioners or filters to improve image quality, contrast, and color, etc. The device may further include in its memory a dictionary of words, one or more translation programs and their associated databases of words and commands, a spellchecker, and thesaurus. Similarly, the handheld device may employ expanded vocabulary lists to increase the accuracy of OCR with technical language from a specific field, e.g., Latin phrases for the practice of law or medicine or technical vocabularies for engineering or scientific work. The augmentation of the OCR function in such a manner to recognize esoteric or industry-specific words and phases and to account for the context of specialized documents increases the accuracy of the OCR operation. 
     In still other embodiments, the handheld device includes a software component that displays the digital text on an LCD display and highlights the words in the text as they are read aloud. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,324,511, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, describes the rendering of synthesized speech signals audible with the synchronous display of the highlighted text. 
     The handheld device may further comprise a software component that signals to the user when the end of a page is near or signals the approximate location on the page as the text is being read. Such signals may be visual, audio, or tactile. For example, audio cues can be provided to the user in the form of a series of beeps or the sounding of different notes on a scale. 
     The handheld device may further include a digital/video magnifier, as is known in the art. Examples of digital magnifiers available in the art include Opal, Adobe, Quicklook, and Amigo. In certain embodiments, the digital/video magnifier transfers the enlarged image of the text as supplementary inputs to the OCR system along with the image(s) obtained from the image capturing system. In other embodiments, the magnifier functions as a separate unit from the rest of the device and serves only to display the enlarged text to the user. 
     Another aspect of the invention provides standalone automated devices comprising a housing, automatic page turner, page holder, image capturing system, memory, a processor, an OCR system, and a text reader system. Such a device can be a complete standalone device with no detachable image/reading device or docking station for a mobile version of the device outlined above to facilitate automatic print digitization from a book or other printed material. Illustrations of certain embodiment are provided in  FIGS. 4A ,  4 B,  5 A,  5 B, and  5 C. Those of skill in the art will recognize that certain elements previously described herein can also be incorporated into the standalone device. 
       FIG. 4A  provides an isometric view  402  of an exemplary standalone embodiment in an open configuration.  FIG. 4B  depicts a top view  420  of the standalone exemplary embodiment in a closed configuration. Isometric view  402  of the standalone embodiment in the open configuration shows the two halves  404   a ,  404   b  of the housing, a camera lens  408 , and a reading device  410 . The housing for the standalone device is configured to allow a book  406 , to be positioned therein. 
     Top view  420  of the standalone device in a closed configuration shows that camera lens  408  is positioned to obtain an image of page  424  of book  406 . An automatic page turner (not shown in  FIG. 4A  or  4 B) can be provided to turn pages of book  406 . 
       FIG. 5A  provides a side view  502  of the standalone exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4 , while  FIG. 5B  depicts an enlarged view  520  of exterior front panel  522 , and  FIG. 5C  depicts an enlarged view  560  of interior back panel  562 . Side view  502  shows the device in a closed configuration with the two halves  504   a ,  504   b  of the housing hinged together by hinges  506 , a front panel  522 , a back panel  562 , a book  508  positioned in the device against the interior of back panel  562 , and a power cord  512 . Top portion  510  of the housing can be of a transparent material such as clear plastic to allow viewing of the interior. 
     Enlarged view  520  in  FIG. 5B  shows that exterior front panel  522  includes a display screen  524  for displaying text  525 , a reading device  526 , volume control  532 , a rate of speech control  534 , a font size control  536 , an On/Off button  538 , and a speaker  528 . Enlarged view  560  in  FIG. 5C  of interior back panel  562  shows arms  564  for holding book pages  568  in place, and an automatic page turning arm  566  for turning pages  568 . 
     The automatic page turner and page holder are respectively coupled to the housing and the image capturing system positioned opposite the slot where the book is to be placed. Automatic page turners are well known and available in the art. See U.S. 20050145097, U.S. 20050120601, SureTurn™ Advanced Page Turning Technology (Kirtas Technologies), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     In addition, the device can be employed without an automated page turner, instead, relying on the user to turn pages of a book. An example of such a device is illustrated in  FIGS. 8A ,  8 B, and  8 C, which illustrate schematics of an alternative exemplary standalone embodiment. 
       FIGS. 8A ,  8 B, and  8 C show a portable standalone system  800  comprising a collapsible arm  810  and a foldable book plate  804 . Collapsible arm  810  has a docking mechanism  806 , hinges  802  and is attached to foldable book plate  804 . A portable imaging device  808  can be docked using docking mechanism  806 . The collapsible arm and book frame allows for the imaging device to be placed at an optimal distance from a book or other object for image capture by the device. System  800  includes modules for OCR processing and for converting the digital text to speech. In certain embodiments, the system  800  includes a mechanism for determining whether a page has been turned by comparing the text from the two pages or by responding to a manual input from the user engaging the digital shutter. Some embodiments include a display screen  812  for displaying the digital text. In yet other embodiments, a Braille machine is included for outputting the digital text. 
     The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. The illustrative discussions above are, however, not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.