Patent Publication Number: US-9851611-B2

Title: Electro-optical apparatus and electronic device

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/426,233, filed Mar. 21, 2012, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-062307, filed Mar. 22, 2011. The foregoing patent applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to an electro-optical apparatus that is mounted on a mobile phone, a projector or the like, as a display apparatus. 
     2. Related Art 
     In this type of electro-optical apparatus, there is an apparatus having a structure called a COF (Chip On Film). In the electro-optical apparatus of the COF structure, a driving circuit driving two substrates is separated from a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer and the two substrates interposing the same therebetween, and the driving circuit is mounted on a flexible substrate that is drawn from end portions of the substrates to the outside of the panel. According to the electro-optical apparatus of the COF structure, the size of the liquid crystal panel can be reduced compared to an apparatus having a structure in which the driving circuit is mounted in the liquid crystal panel. 
     JP-A-2006-48019 discloses a technique related to a liquid crystal display apparatus which is an electro-optical apparatus adopting the COF structure. A liquid crystal panel of the liquid crystal display apparatus disclosed in JP-A-2006-48019 has a liquid crystal, a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate facing each other with the liquid crystal therebetween, a counter substrate, and two cover glasses facing each other with both substrates therebetween. In one end portion of the TFT substrate in the liquid crystal panel, a flexible substrate formed of a flexible material is drawn outward, and a panel driving IC is placed on the light incident direction side surface (the side in which a light source is placed) of the flexible substrate. A frame of rectangular frame shape is fixed at the irradiation direction side (the side opposite the side in which the light source is placed) in the liquid crystal panel of the liquid crystal display apparatus, and a light shielding plate of a rectangular frame shape is fixed at the incident direction side. In the liquid crystal display apparatus, the light shielding plate prevents light from being irradiated from the light source toward the liquid crystal display panel reaching the panel driving panel IC. For this reason, it is possible to prevent an occurrence of the problem that light from the light source reaches the panel driving IC and the panel driving IC is erroneously operated. 
     However, in this type of electro-optical apparatus, when continuously operating the panel driving IC over a long period of time, in some cases, heat of the IC increases and causes a malfunction, and the display image is degraded. Thus, in order to satisfactorily maintain the image quality of the display image, there is a need to moderately radiate the heat generated by the operation of the driving IC, but, in the technique disclosed in JP-A-2006-48019, such a countermeasure has not been made. 
     SUMMARY 
     An advantage of some aspects of the invention is, in an electro-optical apparatus adopting a COF structure, to provide a technical means which is able to effectively radiate the heat of the panel driving IC mounted on the flexible substrate drawn from the liquid crystal panel in the electro-optical apparatus adopting the COF structure. 
     According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an electro-optical apparatus which includes an electro-optical panel section having a first substrate formed with a circuit, a plurality of flexible substrates drawn from an end portion of the first substrate so as to form a multilayered shape, and a plurality of flexible substrate modules which has IC chips each fixed to the same position of each surface of the plurality of flexible substrates forming the multilayered shape, when the plurality of flexible substrates forming the multilayered shape is viewed in the stacking direction. 
     In the aspect of the invention, the IC chips on the plurality of flexible substrates are fixed to the same position of the respective surfaces of the plurality of flexible substrates forming the multilayered shape, respectively, when the plurality of flexible substrates is viewed in the stacking direction. For this reason, heat generated by the driving of the IC chips on the respective flexible substrates is easily transmitted to the IC chips of the upper and lower layers. Thus, it is possible to effectively radiate heat generated by the driving of the IC chip. 
     In the electro-optical apparatus, the IC chip may be an electro-optical panel driving IC chip that supplies the electro-optical panel section with a driving signal, and the plurality of flexible substrates forming the multilayered shape may be filled with a material having thermal conductivity higher than air, between the superimposed flexible substrates, in a position where the electro-optical panel driving IC chip is placed. According to this, heat is more easily transmitted between the flexible substrate modules, whereby radiation efficiency can be further increased. 
     Furthermore, the plurality of flexible substrates forming the multilayered shape may be provided with a heat radiating material which covers the position where the respective electro-optical panel driving IC chips are placed in an overlapped manner, from the outside in the stacking direction. According to this, the radiation efficiency can be further increased. 
     Furthermore, the plurality of flexible substrate modules may be separately stacked in the transverse width direction of the electro-optical apparatus by multiple layers. According to this, sufficient radiation efficiency can be obtained without increasing the thickness of the electro-optical apparatus. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements. 
         FIGS. 1A to 1C  are a front view, a left side view, and a cross-sectional view of an electro-optical apparatus that is an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a projection type projector that adopts the electro-optical apparatus of an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     A: Configuration 
       FIG. 1A  is the front view of an electro-optical apparatus  10  which is an embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 1B  is a right side view of the electro-optical apparatus  10 .  FIG. 1C  is a cross-sectional view taken along line IC-IC of  FIG. 1A . The electro-optical apparatus  10  is operated as a liquid crystal display (for example, a liquid crystal display that is used in a projection type liquid crystal projector as shown in  FIG. 2 ) which irradiates the front side with light to be irradiated from a light source (not shown) to the back surface of the electro-optical apparatus  10  as an image formed of M×N pixels PIX. 
     The electro-optical apparatus  10  has a liquid crystal panel section  20 ; flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2  connected to an overhang section  25  (an end section) protruding from a counter substrate  22  of a TFT substrate  21  of the liquid crystal panel section  20 ; radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2  placed in a heating location of the flexible substrate module, that is, in a position corresponding to a location where the IC chip  40  is placed; a radiation plate spacer  34  for holding the radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2  at a predetermined interval; and a frame  4  accommodating them. 
     The frame  4  of the electro-optical apparatus  10  forms a thin rectangular shape having sizes of a transverse width W 1  (for example, W 1 =100 mm), a longitudinal width L 1  (for example, L 1 =150 mm), and a thickness H 1  (for example, H 1 =10 mm). As shown in  FIG. 1C , between the front surface and the back surface in the frame  4 , two opening sections  11  and  12  separated into one end side and the other end side in the longitudinal width L−1 direction are provided. A thin width gap section  14  is extended between the opening section  11  and the opening section  12  in the frame  4 . 
     A liquid crystal panel section  20  is housed in the opening section  11  of the frame  4 . The liquid crystal panel section  20  has a liquid crystal layer LQ (not shown), a TFT substrate  21  and a counter substrate  22  facing each other with the liquid crystal layer LQ interposed therebetween, and light-transmissive dust-proof substrates  23  and  24  facing each other with both substrates  21  and  22  therebetween. More specifically, the liquid crystal layer LQ is formed of a mixture of multiple types of nematic liquid crystal which is the electro-optical substance. The liquid crystal layer LQ is enclosed in a closed space which is surrounded by the TFT substrate  21 , the counter substrate  22 , and a seal member (not shown) placed along the peripheral end sections of both substrates  21  and  22 . In a region AR facing the liquid crystal layer LQ on the TFT substrate  21 , M×N pixel electrodes  5 - m  (m=1 to M)-n (n=1 to N) forming a matrix of M lines and N rows are provided. Between the pixel electrodes  5 - m - n  adjacent to each other in the longitudinal width L 1  direction on the TFT substrate  21 , a scanning line  6 - m  extending in the transverse width W 1  direction is laid. Between the pixel electrodes  5 - m - n  adjacent to each other in the transverse width W 1  direction on the TFT substrate  21 , a data line  7 - n  extending in the longitudinal width L 1  direction is laid. 
     Furthermore, the overhang section  25  of the TFT substrate  21  is provided with four external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 1 ,  25 L- 2 ,  25 R- 1 , and  25 R- 2  as shown by a dotted line in  FIG. 1A . Specifically, in an inner position slightly to the inside of the end section of the opening section  12  side, two external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 2  and  25 R- 2  are provided. The external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 2  and  25 R- 2  are arranged in the transverse width W 1  direction so as to provide a slight space between them. In a position between the external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 2  and  25 R- 2  on the TFT substrate  21  and the region AR, two external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 1  and  25 R- 1  are provided. The external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 1  and  25 R- 1  are arranged in the transverse width W 1  direction so as to provide a slight space between them. 
     Moreover, a flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  is connected to the external circuit connection terminal  25 L- 1 , and the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  is connected to the external circuit connection terminal  25 L- 2 . Furthermore, a flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  is connected to the external circuit connection terminal  25 R- 1 , and a flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  is connected to the external circuit connection terminal  25 R- 2 . Thus, the flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  and the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  are placed so as to be interposed with each other, and the flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  and the flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  are placed so as to be superimposed with each other. On the TFT substrate  21 , a wiring (not shown) connecting a data line  7 - n , a scanning line  6 - m , and the external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 1 ,  25 L- 2 ,  25 R- 1 , and  25 R- 2  is laid. On the counter substrate  22 , a counter electrode (not shown) facing the pixel electrode  5 - m  (m=1 to M)-n (n=1 to N) of the TFT substrate  21  is provided. One pixel PIX is formed by the pixel electrode  5 - m - n  in the liquid crystal layer LQ and the liquid crystal interposed between the counter electrodes. 
     Hooks  51  and  52  are mounted to a portion in the frame  4  provided with the opening section  11 . The hooks  51  and  52  are metallic members that are bent in an approximately U-shape. Each of the hooks  51  and  52  are provided with rectangular openings having substantially the same dimensions as the region AR. The hooks  51  and  52  face each other so as to cover a liquid crystal panel section  20  in the opening section  11 , and are fixed to the frame  4  by fitting end sections thereof to each other. The dust-proof substrate  23  of the liquid crystal panel section  20  is exposed to the front side via the opening of the hook  51 , and dust-proof substrate  24  of the liquid crystal panel section  20  is exposed to the back side via the opening of the hook  52 . 
     In the opening section  12  of the frame  4 , the flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2  are placed. The flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  has a flexible substrate  32 L- 1 , and an IC chip  40 L- 1  and a condenser  41 L- 1  mounted on the substrate  32 L- 1 . The flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  has a flexible substrate  32 L- 2 , and an IC chip  40 L- 2  and a condenser  41 L- 2  mounted on the substrate  32 L- 2 . The flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  has a flexible substrate  32 R- 1 , and an IC chip  40 R- 1  and a condenser  41 R- 1  mounted on the substrate  32 R- 1 . The flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  has a flexible substrate  32 R- 2 , and an IC chip  40 R- 2  and a condenser  41 R- 2  mounted on the substrate  32 R- 2 . 
     The IC chip  40 L- 1  in the flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  plays a role as a first electro-optical panel driving apparatus that drives the pixel electrode of the region AR- 1  in a region AR-i (i=1 to 4) where the region AR of the liquid crystal panel section  20  is divided into four in the transverse width W 1  direction. The IC chip  40 L- 2  in the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  plays a role as a second electro-optical panel driving apparatus that drives the pixel electrode of the region AR- 2  of the liquid crystal panel section  20 . The IC chip  40 R- 1  in the flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  plays a role as a third electro-optical panel driving apparatus that drives the pixel electrode of the region AR- 3  of the liquid crystal panel section  20 . The IC chip  40 R- 2  in the flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  plays a role as a fourth electro-optical panel driving apparatus that drives the pixel electrode of the region AR- 4  of the liquid crystal panel section  20 . 
     Among the four flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2 , the flexible substrates  32 L- 1  and  32 L- 2  of the flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 L- 2  are drawn to the gap section  14  so as to form a multilayered shape from the external circuit connection terminals  25 L- 1  and  25 L- 2  of the TFT substrate  21 . Both substrates  32 L- 1  and  32 L- 2  are extended in parallel toward the outside of the outer wall surface  16 , while maintaining the gap of both substrates  32 L- 1  and  32 L- 2  in the thickness direction H 1 . The flexible substrates  32 R- 1  and  32 R- 2  of the flexible substrate modules  19 R- 1  and  19 R- 2  are drawn to the gap section  14  so as to form a multilayered shape from the external circuit connection terminals  25 R- 1  and  25 R- 2  of the TFT substrate  21 . Both substrates  32 R- 1  and  32 R- 2  are extended in parallel toward the outside of the outer wall surface  16 , while maintaining the gap of both substrates  32 R- 1  and  32 R- 2  in the thickness direction H 1 . 
     The IC chip  40 L- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  and the IC chip  40 L- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  are fixed onto the respective substrates  32 L- 1  and  32 L- 2  so that the positions of the IC chips  40 L- 1  and  40 L- 2  are identical to each other when viewing the IC chips  40 L- 1  and  40 L- 2  in the stacking direction of the flexible substrates  32 L- 1  and  32 L- 2 . Furthermore, the IC chip  40 R- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  and the IC chip  40 R- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  are fixed onto the respective substrates  32 R- 1  and  32 R- 2  so that the positions of the IC chips  40 R- 1  and  40 R- 2  are identical to each other when viewing the IC chips  40 R- 1  and  40 R- 2  in the stacking direction of the flexible substrates  32 R- 1  and  32 R- 2 . 
     More specifically, the IC chip  40 L- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  is provided in a portion that is superimposed with the opening section  12  on the surface  35 LU- 1  of an opposite side of the flexible substrate  32 L- 2  of both sides  35 LU- 1  and  35 LD- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 1 . A condenser  41 L- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  is provided at a position separated from the IC chip  40 L- 1  on the surface  35 LU- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 1  to the outer wall surface  16  side. 
     The IC chip  40 L- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  is provided at a position right behind the IC chip  40 L- 1  on the surface  35 LU- 2  of the side of the flexible substrate  32 L- 1  of both sides  35 LU- 2  and  35 LD- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 2 . The condenser  41 L- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  is provided at a position right behind the condenser  41 L- 1  on the surface  35 LU- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 2 . Furthermore, an adhesive ADH (not shown) formed of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than air is filled between a portion around the IC chip  40 L- 2  on the surface  35 LU- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 2  and a position just behind the IC chip  40 L- 1  in the surface  35 LD- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 1 . 
     The IC chip  40 R- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  is provided in a portion superimposed with the opening section  12  on the surface  35 RU- 1  of an opposite side of the flexible substrate  32 R- 2  of both surfaces  35 RU- 1  and  35 RD- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 1 . The condenser  41 R- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  is provided at a position separated from the IC chip  40 R- 1  on the surface  35 RU- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 1  to the outer wall surface  16  side. 
     The IC chip  40 R- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  is provided at a position right behind the IC chip  40 R- 1  on the surface  35 RU- 2  of the side of the flexible substrate  32 R- 1  of both sides  35 RU- 2  and  35 RD- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 2 . The condenser  41 R- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  is provided at a position right behind the condenser  41 R- 1  on the surface  35 RU- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 2 . Furthermore, an adhesive ADH (not shown) formed of a material having thermal conductivity higher than air is filled between a portion around the IC chip  40 R- 2  on the surface  35 RU- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 2  and a position just behind of the IC chip  40 R- 1  in the surface  35 RD- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 1 . 
     In a position interposing the position, where the IC chips  40 L- 1  and  40 L- 2  of the flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 L- 2  and the IC chips  40 R- 1  and  40 R- 2  of the flexible substrate modules  19 R- 1  and  19 R- 2  in the opening section  12  of the frame  4  are placed, from both sides, radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2  are placed. The radiation plate  36 - 2  is engaged with the frame  4  and is positioned, and the radiation plate  36 - 1  is engaged with the radiation spacer  34  and is positioned. More specifically, the radiation plate spacer  34  is a PPS (Polyphenylene Sulfide) resin member having an outline of approximately the same dimensions as that of the opening section  12 . The radiation plate spacer  34  is provided with an opening of a rectangular shape. An inner edge portion in the opening of the radiation plate spacer  34  facing the longitudinal width L 1  direction is provided with a convex portion. The radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2  are metallic members of an approximately rectangular shape. An outer edge portion in the radiation plate  36 - 1  facing the longitudinal width L 1  direction is provided with a convex portion. An outer edge portion in the radiation plate  36 - 2  facing the longitudinal width L 1  direction is provided with a convex portion. The radiation plate  36 - 1  is inserted into the radiation plate spacer  34  so as to engage the convex portion of the radiation plate  36 - 1  with the convex portion of the opening of the radiation plate spacer  34 . Furthermore, the radiation plate  36 - 2  is inserted so as to engage the convex portion of the radiation plate  36 - 2  with the inner edge of the opening section  12  in the frame  4 . 
     A hook  53  is mounted to a portion in the frame  4  provided with the opening section  12  from direction B. The hook  53  is a metallic member that is bent in the form of an approximately U-shape. The hook  53  is provided with an opening of an approximately rectangular shape having dimensions slightly smaller than the radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2 . The hook  53  faces the opening section  12  so as to cover the radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2  in the opening section  12 , and is fixed to the frame  4  by fitting the end portion of the hook  53  to the frame  4 . Between the hook  53  and the convex portion of the radiation plate  36 - 1 , pressure bar springs  61  and  62  playing a role in biasing the convex portion of the radiation plate  36 - 1  to the side of the convex portion of the radiation plate the spacer  34  in the state where the hook  53  is fixed to the frame  4 . 
     The configuration mentioned above details the electro-optical apparatus  10  that is the present embodiment. According to the present embodiment, four effects can be obtained as below. Firstly, in the present embodiment, the IC chips  40 L- 1  and  40 L- 2  of the flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 L- 2  are fixed to the same position of the flexible substrates  32 L- 1  and  32 L- 2  when viewing the IC chips  40 L- 1  and  40 L- 2  in the stacking direction. Furthermore, the IC chips  40 R- 1  and  40 R- 2  of the flexible substrate modules  19 R- 1  and  19 R- 2  are fixed to the same position of the flexible substrates  32 R- 1  and  32 R- 2  when viewing the IC chips  40 R- 1  and  40 R- 2  in the stacking direction. For this reason, heat that is generated by the driving of the IC chips  40 L- 1 ,  40 L- 2 ,  40 R- 1 , and  40 R- 2  on the flexible substrate is easily transmitted to the IC chips of the upper and lower layers. Thus, it is possible to effectively radiate heat generated by the driving of the IC chips  40 L- 1 ,  40 L- 2 ,  40 R- 1 , and  40 R- 2 . 
     Secondly, in the present embodiment, an adhesive ADH is filled between the flexible substrate  32 L- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 1  in the stacked flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 L- 2  and the IC chip  40 L- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 L- 2  of the layer below that. Furthermore, an adhesive ADH is filled between the flexible substrate  32 R- 1  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 1  in the stacked flexible substrate modules  19 R- 1  and  19 R- 2  and the IC chip  40 R- 2  of the flexible substrate module  19 R- 2  of the layer below that. For this reason, heat is easily transmitted between the flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 L- 2  and the flexible substrate modules  19 R- 1  and  19 R- 2 , whereby the radiation efficiency can be increased. 
     Thirdly, in the present embodiment, the radiation plate  36 - 1  is provided above the uppermost flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 R- 1  in the stacked flexible substrate module, and the radiation plate  36 - 2  is also provided below the lowermost flexible substrate modules  19 L- 2  and  19 R- 2 . Thus, the radiation efficiency can be further improved. 
     Fourthly, in the present embodiment, four flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2  are separately stacked in the transverse width W 1  direction of the electro-optical apparatus  10  two layers at a time. Thus, it is possible to obtain sufficient radiation efficiency without increasing the thickness H 1  of the electro-optical apparatus  10 . 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of the projection type display apparatus (a three-plate type projector)  4000  to which the electro-optical apparatus  10  is applied. The projection type display apparatus  4000  includes three electro-optical apparatuses  10  ( 10 R,  10 G,  10 B) corresponding to different display colors (red, green, and blue). An illumination optical system  4001  supplies the electro-optical apparatus  10 R with a red component r of an emitting beam from an illumination apparatus (a light source)  4002 , supplies the electro-optical apparatus  10 G with a green component g, and supplies electro-optical apparatus  10 B with a blue component b. The respective electro-optical apparatuses  10  function as an optical modulator (a light valve) that modulates each monochromatic light to be supplied from the illumination optical system  4001  depending on the display image. The projection optical system  4003  synthesizes and projects the emitting beam from the respective electro-optical apparatuses  10  to the projection surface  4004 . 
     Furthermore, the liquid crystal projector  1100  is provided with a sirocco fan (not shown) for sending cooling air to three electro-optical apparatuses  10  ( 10 R,  10 G, and  10 B). The sirocco fan includes an approximately cylindrical-shaped member having a plurality of blades at the side thereof, and the cylindrical-shaped member is rotated around the axis thereof, whereby the blades create an airflow. In addition, from such a principle, airflow produced by the sirocco fan swirls in a spiral shape. Such a cooling airflow is fed to the respective electro-optical apparatuses  10  ( 10 R,  10 G, and  10 B) through an air duct not shown in  FIGS. 1A to 1C , and is delivered from nozzles provided near the respective electro-optical apparatuses  10  ( 10 R,  10 G, and  10 B) to each of the respective electro-optical apparatuses  10  ( 10 R,  10 G, and  10 B), thereby cooling the radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2 . 
     B: Modification 
     As mentioned above, the embodiment of the invention has been described, but the modifications described below may of course be added to the embodiment. 
     (1) In the embodiment mentioned above, the number of lamination layers of the plurality of flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2  in the thickness direction H 1  may be equal to or greater than three. 
     (2) In the embodiment mentioned above, the radiation plates  36 - 1  and  36 - 2  are provided at both sides of the thickness direction H 1  in the stacked flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2 . However, the radiation plate may be provided only in any one side of the side of the uppermost flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1  and  19 R- 1  in the thickness direction H 1  and the side of the lowermost flexible substrate modules  19 L- 2  and  19 R- 2 . 
     (3) In the embodiment mentioned above, four flexible substrate modules  19 L- 1 ,  19 L- 2 ,  19 R- 1 , and  19 R- 2  are separately placed in the transverse width W 1  direction of the electro-optical apparatus  10  two layers at a time. However, the placement number of the plurality of flexible substrate modules in the transverse width W 1  direction may be three or more. 
     (4) In the embodiment mentioned above, the adhesive ADH is filled between the portion around the IC chip  40 L- 2  on the surface  35 LU- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 2  and the portion right behind the IC chip  40 L- 1  in the surface  35 LU- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 L- 1 , and between the portion around the IC chip  40 R- 2  on the surface  35 LU- 2  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 2  and the portion right behind the IC chip  40 L- 1  in the surface  35 LU- 1  of the flexible substrate  32 R- 1 . However, another material (for example, grease) having a thermal conductivity higher than air, may be substituted for the ADH. 
     (5) The liquid crystal panel section  20  is only an example of the electro-optical panel. In regard to the electro-optical panel applied to the invention, a distinction between a self-light emitting type in which light is emitted by itself and a non-light emitting type in which transmittance and reflectance of external beam are changed, and a distinction between a current-driving type to be driven by the supply of the current and a voltage-driving type to be driven by the application of electric field (voltage) are unquestioned. For example, the invention is applied to an electro-optical panel which uses various electro-optical elements such as an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an electric field electron emitting element (a FE (Field Emission) element), a surface-conduction type electron emitting element (a SE (Surface Conduction Electron Emitter) element), a ballistic electron emitting element (a BS (Ballistic Electron Emitting) element), an electrophoresis element, and an electrochromic element. That is, the electro-optical element is included as a driven element (typically, a display element in which the gradation is controlled depending on a gradation signal) using an electro-optical substance in which the gradation (optical characteristics such as transmittance and brightness) is changed depending on an electrical action such as the supply of current and the application of voltage (electric field). 
     Furthermore, as an electronic device to which the invention can be applied, in addition to the projection type liquid crystal projector described with reference to  FIG. 2 , a mobile type personal computer, a mobile phone, a liquid crystal TV, a view finder-type and monitor direct viewing type video tape recorder, a car navigation apparatus, a pager, an electronic organizer, a calculator, a word processor, a work station, a video phone, a POS terminal, an apparatus including a touch panel or the like can be adopted. Moreover, the invention can be applied to various electronic devices.