Patent Publication Number: US-2005126692-A1

Title: System and method for advancing thermoplastic adhesive segment dispensing tape and applying adhesive segments thereby

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/528,243, filed on Dec. 9, 2003, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is also related to concurrently filed copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/944,535, filed on Sep. 17, 2004, entitled “System and Method for Advancing Thermoplastic Adhesive Segment Dispensing Tape and Applying Adhesive Segments Thereby,” which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      Field of the Invention—The present invention relates generally to pressure-sensitive adhesives and their application to desired surfaces, and more specifically to an automated adhesive segment applicator used with rolls of indexed carrier release tape having pressure-sensitive adhesive segments disposed thereon which may be advanced and dispensed by the automated adhesive segment applicator of the present invention.  
      Adhesives are more than just substances serving to hold materials together by surface attachment. The term “adhesive” is simplistic and explains little, but generically describes a class of “sticky” materials. Adhesives and adhesive applicators owe their innovation to the Industrial Revolution, which resulted in an explosion of technical and scientific breakthroughs. The breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution included the introduction of new materials and ingredients for use in formulating market-specific and industry-specific adhesives. In creating novel adhesives, companies have diligently considered desirable qualities such as adhesive flexibility, toughness, minimum curing or setting time, and temperature and chemical resistance. Today, the technology and underlying science of adhesives and apparatuses for their application is the foundation for a multi-billion dollar industry with over 700 companies competing for market share. More importantly, these companies strive to create and introduce novel adhesives as well as apparatuses and methods for the simple, efficient, inexpensive, and safe application of adhesives.  
      One of the most significant adhesive technical breakthroughs of the past century has been the introduction of pressure-sensitive thermoplastic adhesives. Thermoplastic adhesives have excellent adhering qualities; they can be softened by heating and firmed by cooling. These characteristics help thermoplastic adhesives produce waterproof, resilient, and long-lasting flexible bonds. Thermoplastic adhesives have what is known as a “plastic memory,” meaning that each time a thermoplastic adhesive is heated, it can be molded into any desired form.  
      Thermoplastic adhesives have significant applications in today&#39;s industry. For example, in the preparation of mass mailings, marketers often desire to attach a card, such as a credit card or the like, to a carrier document so that a consumer can peel the card easily from the carrier document. One method of making such an attachment involves the use of a pressure-sensitive, thermoplastic adhesive. For example, by using a heating container to melt thermoplastic adhesive and a metering pump to dispense it during the printing or collating process, a portion of thermoplastic adhesive can be metered onto the carrier document and the credit card pressed against it.  
      In addition to the uses for thermoplastic adhesives described above, industry is now finding additional uses for them. For example, thermoplastic adhesives are routinely used and applied as small bond points to eliminate the use of mechanical fasteners, such as staples, screws, rivets, clips, snaps, nails, and stitching. Thermoplastic adhesives are also extensively used in the packaging and manufacture of cartons, boxes and corrugated boards, bags, envelopes, disposable products (diapers and other paper products), cigarettes, labels, and stamps. In fact, today&#39;s demand for thermoplastic adhesives extends to very broad fields of use and is not limited to assembly line-like settings.  
      Increasingly, industry demands thermoplastic adhesive application at on-site locations from portable, simple-to-use, efficient, inexpensive, and safe dispensing apparatuses. Additionally, such dispensing apparatuses must be able to adhere thermoplastic adhesives to non-planar, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces. Previously known apparatuses and methods have failed to provide an adequate portable, simple-to-use, efficient, inexpensive, and safe dispensing device and a thermoplastic adhesive carrying medium capable of applying thermoplastic adhesives to non-planar, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces.  
      In providing thermoplastic adhesives for application to a surface, the previously known embodiments have contemplated all of the following thermoplastic adhesive carrying media and application methods: hot-melt “glue-gun” adhesive dispensers; adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape for “by hand” adhesive application; use of a plunger-like dispensing system in combination with adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, which proves to be cumbersome and which has a limited utility of application to planar surfaces; use of a cardboard box applicator system for use in combination with adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, which is also limited in application to planar, non-recessed surfaces; and an electric automated dispensing system for use with adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, which is activated by the pressing of a palm-sized push button, and which also only allows for application of thermoplastic adhesives to unobstructed planar surfaces.  
      Using a “glue gun” device is an inefficient, difficult, and at times unsafe method of applying thermoplastic adhesives to a desired surface. First, the cost of using this equipment is relatively high. The apparatus and method are also inefficient consumers of both energy and glue. Specifically, the costs of the activation of such a dispenser (electrical usage, wasted glue from droppings) for only short periods of time outweigh any other potential advantages which may be realized.  
      Safety is also an issue. Glue-gun devices are potentially unsafe because they include a heat source to heat a quantifiable supply of adhesive material to its melting point. A major drawback of using such an instrument is that the hot, molten thermoplastic adhesive can burn untrained users, and can also melt the substrate the user is applying the glue to. Finally, application of thermoplastic adhesives from a glue-gun does not enable the thermoplastic adhesive to withstand cold temperatures or to cool to a smooth surface, but instead will typically leave “spider webs” in the dried adhesive. In short, glue-gun applicators of the prior art are inefficient, difficult, and unsafe.  
      Many of the shortcomings of the glue-gun instruments of the prior art were solved by U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,670 to Downs (the “&#39;670 patent”), which patent is hereby incorporated herein by reference. However, upon further use of the technology of the &#39;670 patent, several shortcomings have become apparent. Specifically, while the &#39;670 patent discloses a method for presenting cooled adhesive segments for application to a desired surface, the application of the segments to the surface proves to be very inefficient.  
      The technology of the &#39;670 patent focuses mainly on the manufacture of a clean, unaltered carrier release tape having first and second release surfaces with different coefficients of friction/release properties, and the application thereto of adhesive segments at periodic intervals. The adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is then wound into a roll. This embodiment allows a user to apply the adhesive segments from the carrier release tape by hand. Although such an embodiment provides a highly innovative and commercially successful product, application of the adhesive segments remains inefficient and cumbersome.  
      Specifically, the coiled adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape must be unrolled to present an adhesive segment for application. After the adhesive segment has been applied to the desired surface, the tape must be unrolled an additional distance to ready the next adhesive segment for application. Such a method is time-consuming, and the “spent” carrier release tape must be either torn off and disposed of or left intact and in the way. Finally, dropping or uncoiling the unused roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape has also been a problem.  
      U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,442 to Downs (the “&#39;442 Patent”), which patent is hereby incorporated herein by reference, further evolved the previously known adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape of the &#39;670 patent. Like the &#39;670 patent, the &#39;442 patent also contemplates a carrier release tape, which has first and second release surfaces with different coefficients of friction/release properties, and the application thereto of adhesive segments at periodic intervals. But unlike the &#39;670 patent, the &#39;442 patent contemplates a thermoplastic adhesive carrier release tape having a transverse line of slits or perforations precut across its transverse width and between the adhesive segments.  
      The precut tape of the &#39;442 patent thus allows individual portions of the carrier release tape and associated thermoplastic adhesive to be removed from the roll for manual application to a desired surface. While such an embodiment remedies the &#39;670 patent&#39;s problem of having a length of uncut spent carrier release tape, the carrier release tape of the &#39;442 patent (as well as of the &#39;670 patent) does not lend itself to use in combination with a more efficient dispenser for application of the adhesive segments to non-planar, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces.  
      While the &#39;670 and &#39;442 patents focus primarily on the creation of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, they also contemplate use of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape in combination with numerous dispenser apparatuses. First, a plunger-like applicator, as detailed within both the &#39;670 and &#39;442 patents, proves manageable, but is limited in the type of surfaces that the thermoplastic adhesive may be applied to. Specifically, because the plunger mechanism has an attached planar foot portion, which is used to guide the placement of the adhesive segments, application of the thermoplastic adhesive segments is essentially confined to an unobstructed flat surface. Such a limitation can pose significant problems when attempting to apply thermoplastic adhesives to non-flat surfaces. It may be more practical to use the above “by hand” manual method of thermoplastic adhesive application.  
      Another previously known thermoplastic adhesive applicator that presents some apparent problems is the so-called box applicator. This applicator is also limited in thermoplastic adhesive application to planar surfaces. The box applicator encases a roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape as disclosed within the &#39;670 and &#39;442 patents. When the carrier release tape is advanced from the box applicator by hand, the thermoplastic adhesive can only be applied to surfaces that are of a generally planar nature.  
      The adhesive segments must be pressed between the surface to be glued and the top of the cardboard box applicator to ensure adherence. This application process exposes unspent adhesive segments to dust and other debris, which may cause the adhesive segments to lose their adhesive tack and damage or soil the desired surface. Additionally, because the cardboard box thermoplastic adhesive applicator must be of a certain size to house a spool of carrier release tape, application of adhesive segments to areas that are non-flat or recessed proves to be difficult, if not impossible.  
      While not all previously known thermoplastic adhesive applicators are manual, even applicators that are automated present problems. For example, while automated thermoplastic adhesive applicators are more efficient than the box applicator described above, they are also more expensive. The previously known automated methods dispose of the need to manually advance the carrier release tape, but are one-of-a-kind units and thus represent a very expensive option for both the adhesive manufacturer and the end user. Automated thermoplastic adhesive applicators are also limited to thermoplastic adhesive application to generally planar surfaces. In short, their limitations are similar to those of the previously known embodiments presented above because, due to their size, they may not be positioned for the application of thermoplastic adhesive into recessed areas or onto generally non-flat surfaces.  
      In order to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned apparatuses and methods, a “gun-type” adhesive segment application apparatus capable of advancing and dispensing adhesive segments from an adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape was developed. (Examples of such “gun-type” adhesive segment application devices are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/360,395 by Downs et al. filed Feb. 8, 2003, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/368,231 by Downs et al. filed Feb. 18, 2003).  
      Such an adhesive segment application apparatus contains a drive mechanism for engaging an indexing instrumentality on the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape to allow it to dispense adhesive segments, thereby solving the problems of prior art adhesive tape dispensing apparatuses. In addition, such an adhesive segment applicator apparatus is capable of applying adhesive segments to non-flat, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces in a simple, efficient, safe, and automatic manner.  
      However, the aforementioned devices contain several drawbacks. First, the carrier tape tends to become loose and pulls away from the nose of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus or comes out of the applicator apparatus. When the carrier tape becomes loose, the adhesive segment is not easily applied to the intended surface. However, simply increasing the tension of the carrier tape impedes advancement of the carrier tape, and thus, causes problems in efficiency and automation of the application process.  
      In addition, the aforementioned adhesive segment applicator apparatus discharges spent carrier release tape which is cumbersome and awkward to deal with during a continuous operation. The spent carrier release tape can get in the way of processing and can require interference in application operations when disposal of the spent carrier release tape is necessary.  
      Accordingly, it is the primary objective of the present invention to provide an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus capable of dispensing adhesive segments from an adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape in which an adhesive segment is easily applied to a surface without the release tape coming out of the applicator apparatus. It is therefore a related objective of the present invention that the adhesive segment applicator apparatus provide the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape with sufficient tension to dispense an adhesive segment without the carrier release tape pulling away from the nose/application head of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus. It is a related objective of the present invention to provide the ability to easily and readily advance the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, exposing the next adhesive segment on the carrier release tape.  
      It is an additional objective of the present invention to provide an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus in which the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape advances to dispense an adhesive segment and which automatically winds spend tape onto a take-up core, thereby permitting adhesive segments to be dispensed while automatically advancing adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape to expose another adhesive segment to a surface. Thus, it is a related objective of the present invention to provide in a first embodiment an automatic advancing adhesive segment applicator apparatus that dispenses an adhesive segment and automatically and precisely advances the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape to the next adhesive segment on the tape.  
      It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an adhesive segment applicator apparatus for use in industrial or high-throughput applications that includes a powered actuating mechanism for continuous and/or step-wise advancement of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape to expose an adhesive segment or a plurality of adhesive segments to a surface or work piece. It is another objective of the present invention that in other embodiments the adhesive segment applicator apparatus have an optical indexing sensor for detecting an indexing instrumentality on an adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape for precisely advancing the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape.  
      It is a related objective of the present invention to provide an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus configured with an applicator head capable of permitting application of an adhesive segment to a wide variety of work pieces and/or surfaces including nonplanar, nonrigid, recessed or unstable surfaces. [0028] Each implementation of the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention must also be of construction which is both durable and long lasting, and they should also require little or no maintenance to be provided by the user throughout its operating lifetime. In order to enhance the market appeal of the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatuses of the present invention, they should also be of inexpensive construction to thereby afford them the broadest possible market. Finally, all of the aforesaid advantages and objectives of the adhesive segment applicator apparatuses of the present invention are achieved without incurring any substantial relative disadvantage.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      The disadvantages and limitations of the background art discussed above are overcome by the present invention. With this invention, an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus is provided having a carrier tape dispensing system that prevents the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape from becoming loose or pulling away from the adhesive segment applicator apparatus when an adhesive segment is dispensed, in order to easily dispense an adhesive segment to a surface of a work piece. The automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention provides a manner of applying adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape to non-flat, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces.  
      The carrier release tape used in the present invention is flexible, extends longitudinally, and in the preferred embodiment can have a transverse width of approximately one inch. Additionally, it has opposed first and second release surfaces which have different release properties. Adhesive segments are arrayed generally longitudinally along the first release surface of the carrier release tape (although they instead may be staggered if desired). While the adhesive segments are preferably circular, they may instead be of other different shapes and configurations including, but not limited to, squares, triangles, ovals, dots, other geometric figures, caricature shapes, and the like.  
      The carrier release tape may be made from plain stock carrier release tape, which can be cut into individual tape strips either before or after the adhesive segment application processes. The transverse width of the preferred embodiment is approximately one inch although the dimensions of the carrier release tape strips may vary in accordance with the advancement mechanism associated with the adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention with which it is used.  
      The second surface of the carrier release tape has a release property different from that of the first so that adhesive segments do not adhere to the second surface as strongly as they do to the first surface. When the carrier release tape is wound into rolls, the first surface, and thus, the adhesive segments applied thereto, will be the external surface of the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape.  
      In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the carrier release tape includes an indexing instrumentality such as a registration line printed on to either surface of the carrier release tape. The indexing instrumentality is preferably capable of optical detection by an optical sensor located within the adhesive segment applicator apparatus for readily advancing and precisely positioning the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, exposing the next adhesive segment on the carrier release tape. Alternatively, the indexing instrumentality may consist of a plurality of patterned scores, cuts, or indentations located in the surface of the carrier release tape, capable of optical detection or otherwise allowing for an advancement mechanism to protrude therethrough. Adhesive segments may be pre-metered onto the carrier release tape before indexing occurs, or the indexing may occur first and the adhesive may be applied thereafter.  
      A first embodiment of an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention contains a carrier tape dispensing system, an automated adhesive advancing mechanism, a carrier tape detection system, and a housing. The carrier tape dispensing system includes a supply spool that is rotatably mounted inside the housing of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus. A roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is inserted onto the supply spool and engages the supply spool in a secure fashion, permitting the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape to rotate when the supply spool rotates.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system also includes a take-up spool that is rotatably mounted on a drive shaft inside the housing of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus. The take-up spool is driven by the automated adhesive advancing mechanism, causing the take-up spool to rotate.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system includes a series of roller elements rotatably mounted within the housing for guiding the carrier tape through the automated adhesive applicator.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system further includes an adhesive dispensing head which is mounted, preferably, substantially external to the housing of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus. The adhesive dispensing head is the point of application for the adhesive segments as they are dispensed on to a surface. The adhesive dispensing head may be in the form of a plate, a rotatably mounted wheel, or any other structure suitable for use in dispensing adhesive segments. Preferably, the external surface of the adhesive dispensing head contains a soft overmolded cushion or resilient cushion to permit the adhesive segment applicator apparatus to engage non-flat, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces.  
      The carrier tape detection system includes at least one detector used in conjunction with the advancement mechanism. In particular, a work piece sensor is included substantially adjacent to the adhesive dispensing head for detecting when application of adhesive to a work piece has occurred. An optical index sensor is provided to detect the indexing instrumentality provided on the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape for precisely advancing the carrier release tape to expose the next adhesive segment.  
      To prepare the automated adhesive segment applicator for operation, the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is inserted onto the supply spool. The roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is wound with the adhesive segments facing outwardly. The second surface of the carrier release tape has a coefficient of friction different from that of the first surface so that the adhesive segments do not adhere to the second surface as strongly as they do to the first surface.  
      The carrier dispensing system provides a carrier tape path through the applicator whereby the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape threaded over the applicator head such that the adhesive segments face outwardly and are exposed to the intended application surface/work piece during operation. After application of the adhesive, the spent carrier release tape advances from the applicator head back to the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape whereby the second surface (the surface with the lower coefficient of friction) of the spent carrier release tape contacts at least one of the adhesive segments on the wound roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape.  
      By nature of the externally exposed adhesive segments on the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape, the second surface of the spent carrier release tape adheres to the adhesive segments on the wound roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape and is held in place. However, because the second surface of the spent carrier release tape has a coefficient of friction different from that of the first surface, the adhesive segments do not adhere to it as strongly as they do to the first surface, and the spent carrier release tape can be advanced across the wound roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape without pulling off adhesive segments from the roll.  
      The spent carrier release tape extends from the supply spool to the take-up spool. A free end of the spent carrier release tape is removably attached to the take-up spool and wound in a neat roll thereupon during operation of the applicator. At some point along the path of the carrier tape, the optical index marking sensor is positioned to detect the index markings on the carrier tape.  
      To operate the automated adhesive segment applicator of the present invention, the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is installed as described above. An adhesive segment is properly positioned onto the applicator head by interrupting the work piece detector and/or by placing a work piece in the appropriate position relative to the applicator head. This action sends a signal to the advancement mechanism to advance the carrier release tape.  
      By virtue of the carrier tape dispensing system, and the carrier tape path provided therewith, the take-up spool drives the supply spool, causing it to rotate. The adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape on the supply spool is then advanced to properly position the next proceeding adhesive segment on to applicator head, as determined by the optical index marking detector. The advancement mechanism ceases advancement of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape each time an index marking is detected by the optical index marking detector.  
      It may therefore be seen that the present invention provides an automated system for advancing the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape after each application of an adhesive segment to a work piece. Preferably, a single adhesive segment is positioned on to the applicator head each time the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is advanced. However, depending on the desired end use application of applicator of the present invention, the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape and index markings thereon, and the advancement mechanism can be configured to advance the tape such that more than one adhesive segment is positioned on the applicator head.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system provided in the automated adhesive segment applicator of the present invention, by virtue of the configuration of roller elements and orientation of the supply spool and the take-up spool, imparts the applicator with a the carrier tape path that ensures the spent carrier release tape is held in place by contacting at least one adhesive segment on the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape. This configuration ensures proper tension in the carrier tape throughout the applicator, allowing for efficient and easy application of adhesive without the carrier tape being pulled away from the applicator head during continuous and/or high volume operation of the applicator.  
      In certain other embodiments of the present invention, the applicator may be provided without the carrier tape detection system, whereby the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape is advanced through the applicator in a continuous manner with the rate of carrier tape advancement being selected by the operator or preset by design. Importantly, in these embodiments, the applicator includes the carrier tape dispensing system and a carrier tape path as described above with reference to the first embodiment, such that the carrier tape is prevented from pulling away from the applicator head during application of an adhesive segment to a work piece.  
      It may therefore be seen that the present invention teaches an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus including an adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape that is always in a secure position, and is not permitted to come loose or pull away from the adhesive segment applicator apparatus. Indeed, the adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention maintains proper tension on the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape so that the adhesive segments are easily and efficiently removed from the carrier release tape.  
      It may also be seen that the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus contains an automated adhesive dispensing system including a carrier tape detection system for use with carrier release tape having an indexing instrumentality that permits automatic advancement of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape during application of an adhesive segment to a surface. In addition, it may be seen that the present invention provides a adhesive segment applicator apparatus that automatically winds the spent carrier release tape onto a roll—thereby reducing the problem of scrap carrier tape interfering with the adhesive application process.  
      Each implementation of the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention is of a construction which is both durable and long lasting, and they will require little or no maintenance to be provided by the user throughout its operating lifetime. The automated adhesive segment applicators of the present invention are also of inexpensive construction to enhance their market appeal and to thereby afford them the broadest possible market. Finally, all of the aforesaid advantages and objectives are achieved without incurring any substantial relative disadvantage.  
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      These and other advantages of the present invention are best understood with reference to the drawings, in which:  
       FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a roll of indexed adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape for use in the adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention;  
       FIG. 2  is a top plan view of a segment of the indexed adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape illustrated in  FIG. 1 ;  
       FIG. 3  is a partial, top plan view of a segment of a first alternative indexed adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape showing an alternative indexing instrumentality;  
       FIG. 4  is a partial, top plan view of a segment of a second alternative indexed adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape showing an alternative perforated indexing instrumentality;  
       FIG. 5  is a partial, top plan view of a segment of a third alternative indexed adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape showing an alternative notched indexing instrumentality;  
       FIG. 6  is a side view of a adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention (illustrating a plate-type adhesive applicator head);  
       FIG. 7  is a front view of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 6 ;  
       FIG. 8  is a top plan view of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus illustrated in  FIGS. 6 and 7 ;  
       FIG. 9  is a rear view of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus illustrated in  FIGS. 6 through 8 ;  
       FIG. 10  is a partial front view of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus illustrated in  FIGS. 6 through 9  (shown without the enclosure portion of the housing);  
       FIG. 11  is a side view of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus illustrated in  FIGS. 6 through 10 , showing the tape retaining plates installed thereon; and  
       FIG. 12  is a side view of a second alternate embodiment of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention (illustrating a roller-type adhesive applicator head).  
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
      The preferred embodiment of the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention is illustrated generally in  FIGS. 6 through 13 , with the indexed adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape used therein being illustrated in  FIGS. 1 through 5 . Specifically, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is focused upon an automated adhesive segment applicator  50  and the manufacture and construction thereof, illustrated generally in  FIG. 6 , and a roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 , including a plurality of adhesive segments  54 , used therein. The detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention also discloses a system and method for automatically applying adhesive segments  54  from the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  using the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  described herein.  
      Referring first to  FIGS. 1 through 5 , the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  for use in the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  is illustrated. The roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  includes a differential carrier release tape  56 , having a first surface  58  and a second surface  60  opposite the first surface  58 . The carrier release tape  56  may be made of paper that has a silicone release material on the first  26  and second  28  surfaces.  
      Consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention, the carrier release tape  56  may be constructed of any flexible, transparent or semi-transparent or tinted transparent material. Such carrier materials can include, but are not limited to, polyester, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), vinyl, polystyrene, polyimide, polypropylene, polyolefin and/or paper-based materials.  
      The first surface  58  of the carrier release tape  56  has a coefficient of friction higher than the coefficient of friction of the second surface  60  of the carrier release tape  56 , so that the first surface  58  of the carrier release tape  56  provides less release than does the second surface  60  of the carrier release tape  56 . In particular, the silicone release material on the second surface  60  may be thicker than the silicone release material on the first surface  58 .  
      Alternately, the silicone release material on the second surface  60  may contain a heavier coverage of silicone release material than the silicone release material on the first surface  58 . In addition, any non-silicone release material, including water-based release coatings, solvent-based release coatings and/or wax-based release coatings, all well known to those skilled in the art, may be used in the present invention as long as the first surface  58  is provided with less release than the second surface  60 .  
      The adhesive segments  54  may be any thermoplastic adhesive known to those skilled in the art, such as hot melt thermoplastic adhesives such as acrylics, natural and synthetic rubber-based adhesives, and amorphous polyolefin adhesives, pressure-sensitive silicones. Alternatively, pressure sensitive water-based adhesives can be used instead. The adhesives or glues contemplated by the present invention include those demonstrating good adherence to a wide number of materials, such as fabric, paper, wood, resin, plastics, metals, ceramic, foil, glass, expanded synthetic foam, and/or cement. The adhesive may be permanent or semi-permanent, and have any of a wide range of tack (degree of adhesiveness), depending on the specific project application.  
      The roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  can be manufactured by any method known to those skilled in the art and as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,670, U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,442, and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/920,151 and 10/920,154, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.  
      Accordingly, the adhesive segments  54  are preferably dispensed by a thermoplastic glue metering nozzle and supplied by a metering pump. As the first surface  58  of the carrier release tape  56  moves underneath thermoplastic glue metering nozzle, the adhesive segments  54  are dispensed onto the carrier release tape  56 . An air jet may be directed onto the first surface  58  to cool the adhesive segments  54  as the carrier release tape  56  moves along.  
      Preferably, after application of the adhesive, the carrier release tape  56  includes a single row of the adhesive segments  54 , and then is wound onto a take-up core  62  into rolls  52  with the adhesive segments  54 , and thus, the first surface  58  of the carrier tape  56  facing outwardly, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The core may optionally be provided with projections which cooperate with a supply spool of the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  to ensure that the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is placed into the adhesive applicator  50  in the correct orientation.  
      The differential release properties of the silicone release material on the first surface  58  and the second surface  60 , the fact that the adhesive segments  54  were initially applied in a hot state to the first surface  58  causing better adherence, and the fact that there is some cooling and hence “skinning over” of the adhesive segments  54  prior to the winding the take-up core  62  all ensure that the adhesive segments  54  remain adhered to the first surface  58  as the roll  52  is subsequently unwound.  
      It should be noted that although the adhesive segments  54  described and illustrated herein are generally circular in shape, the present invention may be applied to and employ adhesive segments on the carrier release tape which have any other generally two dimensional shape (e.g. squares, rectangles, lines, stars, triangles, etc.). In addition, the adhesive segments  54  may also come in various thicknesses, such as, for example, low (approximately one-sixty-fourth of an inch thick), medium (approximately one-sixteenth of an inch thick), and high (approximately one-eighth of an inch thick). The shape and thickness of the adhesive segments may determined in general by the shape or other characteristics of the thermoplastic glue metering nozzles  30  used to apply the thermoplastic adhesive to the carrier release tape  56 .  
      Consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention, the adhesive segments  54  may be disposed on the carrier release tape  56  in a wide variety of colors (including transparent adhesives) and scents. For example, in making an adhesive segment for use with gift cards secured to a letter or other paper sheet for a coffee franchise, adhesive segments which smell like coffee could be used.  
      Further, while the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is illustrated with the adhesive segments  54  aligned along its longitudinal dimension “L”, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the adhesive segments  54  may be staggered along its longitudinal direction in any position across its width dimension “W” (e.g. in a zigzag orientation), depending on a particular end-use application.  
      In accordance with the present invention, the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  has a series of optically detectable index markings formed thereon. As will be described in more detail below, these optically detectable index markings are employed by the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  in accordance with the present invention to accurately position adhesive segments for application by the applicator. As illustrated, for example, in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the optically detectable index markings may take the form of lines  64  formed on the carrier release tape  56  and extending transversely across the width “W” of the carrier release tape  56  between the adhesive segments  54  thereon. It should be understood that various different types of optically detectable index markings on the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  56  may be employed. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , printer registration marks  68  may be placed in regular positions along the carrier release tape  56 .  
      Whatever index markings  64 ,  68  are employed, the index markings  64 ,  68  may be formed on either or both surfaces  58 ,  60  of the carrier release tape  56 . Besides being formed on one or both surfaces  58 ,  60  of the carrier release tape  56 , the index markings may also be formed as perforations  57 , notches  59  or other cuts or holes formed into the carrier release tape  56  that may be detected by an optical detector, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . As such, consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention, the applicator  50  may utilize a mechanical detection system in conjunction with a carrier tape provided with perforations  57  or notches  59 , as will be well known to those skilled in the art.  
      Referring again to  FIG. 3 , the optically detectable index markings  66  may be positioned on the surfaces  58 ,  60  of the carrier release tape  56  not only between the adhesive segments  54  thereon, but also at different positions on the surfaces  58 ,  60  of the tape  56  with respect to the adhesive segments  54 . For example, the adhesive segments  54  on the carrier release tape  56  may be made of a transparent thermoplastic material, in which case the index markings  64  or  66  may be positioned partially or entirely beneath the adhesive segments  54  on the carrier release tape  56  and still be detectable by an optical detector.  
      Preferably, the index markings  64 ,  66  may be pre-printed or otherwise formed on or in the carrier tape  56  before the adhesive segments  54  are deposited thereon. Alternatively, the index markings  64 ,  66  may be printed or otherwise formed on or in the carrier tape  56  after depositing the adhesive segments  54  on the carrier tape  56 . The index markings  64 ,  66  may be applied using any means known to those skilled in the art. In particular, a printer, such as a laser printer or similar device, may be used to place the index markings  64  and  66  on one or both surfaces of the carrier release tape  56  before the adhesive segments  54  are deposited thereon.  
      Note that if the index markings to be used are physical indentations, notches, punctures, or perforations in or through the carrier tape  56 , a device other than the printer, such as a rotary die with a plurality of die blades attached around its outer circumference, may be used to form the index markings in the carrier release tape  56 . In any case, whether printed or formed on the carrier release tape  56  by the manufacturer thereof or during the process of applying adhesive segments  54  to the carrier release tape  56 , the optically detectable index markings are preferably formed on the carrier release tape  56  in a uniformly spaced apart longitudinal progression along the length “L” of the carrier release tape  56 .  
      Preferably, during application of the adhesive segments  54  to the carrier release tape  56  it is important that the adhesive segments  54  be deposited on the carrier release tape  56  along the length “L” of the carrier release tape  56  in a consistent relative position to the index markings formed on the carrier release tape  56 .  
      It should be noted that, in some cases, the adhesive segments  54  deposited on the carrier tape  56  may be detectable, or made detectable, by an optical detector. Therefore, the adhesive segments  54  may themselves be used as index markings. For example, thermoplastic adhesives used to form the adhesive segments  54  may be formulated for varying properties such as degrees of tack, etc. The thermoplastic adhesives  54  may also be formulated for optical detectability, e.g., by compounding the thermoplastic adhesive with colors or other optically detectable characteristics. For example, luminescence under ultra-violet is a natural characteristic of some thermoplastic adhesives and this fact may be used to employ adhesive segments  54  formed of such thermoplastic adhesives as index markings themselves.  
      Throughout the remainder of this patent application the index markings printed, or otherwise formed in or on the carrier release tape  56  will be referred to with reference to the exemplary line index markings  64  described and illustrated with reference to  FIG. 1 .  
      However, it should be understood, that the term “index markings” and “optically detectable indices” and any similar terms as used throughout this application, including in the claims, also refers to other type of index markings, whether printed on or formed in the carrier release tape  56  including optically detectable adhesive segments  54  deposited on the carrier release tape  56 .  
      Referring next to  FIGS. 6 through 13 , the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  contains a carrier tape dispensing system, illustrated generally at  70 , an adhesive applicator head  72 , a work piece detector  74 , an advancement mechanism, indicated generally at  76 , and an applicator housing, indicated generally at  78 .  
      The applicator housing  78  is preferably formed in two portions, a main body portion  80 , which houses the carrier tape dispensing system  70 , and a smaller enclosure portion  82 , which retains the advancement mechanism  76 . The main body portion  80  and the enclosure portion  82  of the housing  78  are preferably constructed of stainless steel. However, the main body portion  80  and/or the enclosure portion  82  may be constructed of any relatively rigid or sturdy material, such as plastic, to provide a durable automated adhesive segment application  50  according to the present invention.  
      The main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78  includes a top  84 , a bottom  86 , a front  88 , a back  90 , a closed side  92 , which abuts the enclosure portion  82 , and an open side  94 . The top  84  of the main body portion  80  includes a tape guide opening  95  from which the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  exits the interior of the applicator housing  78 . The tape guide opening  95  may be positioned along the top  84  of the main body portion  80  at any location, depending on the particular end use application, as will be described in more detail below. The main body portion  80  further includes a corner  96  utilized for attachment of the applicator head  72  and an opening  98  through which spent carrier tape will travel after removal of an adhesive segment, as will be discussed in more detail below.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system  70  includes a supply spool  100  rotatably mounted on a shaft  102  secured to the side  92  of the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78 . The supply spool  100  may alternatively be rotatably mounted inside the housing  78  of the adhesive segment applicator apparatus  50  by any means known to those skilled in the art. In certain embodiments, the supply spool  100  may be removably, rotatably mounted within the main body portion  80  so that supply spools of different sizes and configurations can be interchanged with the supply spool  100 .  
      The supply spool  100  includes a spacer element  104 , a separating plate portion  106  and a tape roll supporting core  108 . The tape roll supporting core  108  is configured to securely support the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 , as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . The roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  engages the tape roll supporting core  108  of the supply spool  100 , permitting the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  to rotate when the supply spool  100  rotates.  
      The tape roll supporting core  108  and the spacer element  104  are preferably formed of a rigid thermoplastic; however, the tape roll supporting core  108  and/or the spacer element  104  may be formed of any substantially rigid material known to those skilled in the art including, for example, a metal or a composite material. The separating plate portion  106  is preferably formed of stainless steel. Alternatively, the separating plate  108  can be formed of any metal or other relatively rigid material such as plastic. In certain embodiments of the present invention the complete supply spool  100 , or any portion thereof, including but not limited to the spacer element  104 , the separating plate portion  106  and the tape roll supporting core  108 , may be integrally formed and rotatably mounted inside the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78 .  
      The carrier tape dispensing system  70  also includes a take-up spool  110 , which is preferably, smaller than the supply spool  100 . The take-up spool  110  comprises a spacer element  112 , a separating plate portion  114  and a spent tape accumulating core  116 . The take-up spool  110  is mounted on a drive shaft  118  for rotatably driving the take-up spool  110  during operation of the automated adhesive dispensing applicator  50 . In certain embodiments, the take-up spool  110  may be removably mounted to the drive shaft  118  within the main body portion  80  so that take-up spools  110  of different sizes can be interchanged with the take-up spool  110 .  
      Spent carrier release tape  119 , with the adhesive segments removed therefrom, is wound around the accumulating core  116  of the take-up spool  110 . Slots  121  or other structures may be formed in the accumulating core  116  in which the end of the spent carrier release tape  119  may be positioned to removably attach to the take-up spool  110 . In certain alternate embodiments, the adhesive segment applicator  50  may be provided with a spent tape take-up core configured to fit on to the accumulating core  116  of the take-up spool  110  for winding the spent carrier release tape  119  thereupon.  
      The accumulating core  116  and the spacer element  112  are preferably formed of a rigid thermoplastic; however, the accumulating core  116  and/or the spacer element  112  may be formed of any substantially rigid material known to those skilled in the art including, for example, a metal or a composite material. The separating plate portion  114  is preferably formed of stainless steel. The separating plate portion  114  can be provided with apertures  113  so that the spent carrier release tape  119  may be easily removed from the accumulating core  116 . The separating plate portion  114  may also be formed of any metal or other relatively rigid material such as plastic. In certain embodiments of the present invention the complete take-up spool  110 , or any portion, including but not limited to the spacer element  112 , the separating plate portion  114  and the accumulating core  116 , may be integrally formed and mounted to the drive shaft  118  inside the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78 .  
      As best illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the supply spool  100  and the take-up spool each include a tape retainer  120  and  122 , respectively. The tape retainer  120  is removably mounted to the core  108  of the supply spool  100  after a roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52  has been installed thereupon. When in position on the supply spool  100 , the tape retainer  120  maintains and guides the carrier tape  56  coming off of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52 , which exits the housing, and maintains and guides the spent carrier release tape  119  as it travels back into the housing to the take-up spool  110 . The tape retainer  120  is removably mounted to the core  108  of the supply spool  100  using a wing nut  124  or any other securing device known to those skilled in the art.  
      The tape retainer  122  is removably mounted to the core  112  of the take-up spool  110 . When in position on the take-up spool  110 , the tape retainer  122  maintains and guides the spent carrier release tape  119  being wound on the take-up spool  110  into a neat roll. The tape retainer  122  is removably mounted to the core  112  of the take-up spool  110  using a wing nut  126  or any other securing device known to those skilled in the art.  
      The tape retainers  120  and  122  are preferably constructed of stainless steel. Alternatively, the tape retainers  120  and  122  may be constructed of another metal material or another relatively rigid material, such as a plastic or a composite material.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system  70  further includes rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  rotatably mounted onto roller shafts  134 ,  136 ,  138 ,  140  and  142 , respectively, provided in the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 6 through 13 , two rollers  124  and  126  are provided to guide the carrier tape  56  coming off of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52  as it exits the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78 . Roller  128  guides the spent carrier release tape  119  as it reenters the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78  after application of an adhesive segment  54  to a work piece. Rollers  130  and  132 , positioned near the back  90  of the main body portion  80 , further guide the spent carrier release tape  119  as it is wound on to the take-up spool  110 .  
      Importantly, placement of the rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  within the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78  provide for proper orientation of the carrier tape and thus, proper tension in the carrier tape between the supply spool  100 , the adhesive applicator head  72  and the take-up spool  110  during operation of the automated adhesive applicator  50 , as will be described in more detail below.  
      The rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132 , in conjunction with the supply spool  100  and take-up spool  110 , are positioned to provide a novel carrier tape path of the present invention, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . In particular, the second surface  60  of the spent carrier release tape  119  entering the main body portion  80  of the housing  78  contacts an arcuate portion of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52  on the supply spool  100 . The spent carrier tape  119  is therefore temporarily held in place by the adhesive segments  54  on the first surface  58  of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52  so that the carrier tape can not be pulled away from the applicator head  72  during adhesive dispensation, as best illustrated in  FIG. 6 .  
      The spent carrier tape may contact any portion of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52  on the supply spool  100  including arcuate portions of about 1 to about 225 degrees of the perimeter of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52 . More preferably, the spent carrier tape may contact an about 1 to about 180 degree arcuate portion of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52 , and even more preferably the spent carrier tape may contact an about 1 to about 100 degree arcuate portion of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52 .  
      Consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention, placement of rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  may be in any location that provides the proper orientation and tension in the carrier tape (i.e. the proper carrier tape path). Accordingly, there may be provided more or less rollers in the applicator  50  of the present invention as long as the rollers permit the second surface  60  of the spent carrier tape  119  to contact at least one adhesive segment  54  on the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52  in order to prevent the carrier release tape  56  from pulling away from the applicator head  72  when the adhesive is being dispensed. As such, depending on the size and configuration of the roll of adhesive segment-laden release tape  52 , and depending on the size and configuration of the supply spool  100  and the take-up spool  110 , one or more of rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  may not be utilized for in a given adhesive application project.  
      Rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  are preferably coated with a silicone material to permit the rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  to easily rotate with the carrier tape  56  as it moves through the adhesive applicator  50  while also ensuring that the adhesive segments  54  do not adhere to the rollers and also ensuring that the carrier tape does not slip or pull away from the rollers during operation. As such, the rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  may be covered with any such material known to those skilled in the art.  
      The carrier tape dispensing system  70  also includes an optical index marking detector  148  mounted to the side  92  of the main body portion  80  of the housing  78  with a bracket  150 . The optical detector  148  is employed to detect the index markings  64  formed on the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 . The optical detector  148  may be implemented in any conventional manner, and specifically, is selected and implemented to detect the particular type of index marking formed on or in the carrier release tape  56 . The optical index marking detector  148  may be mounted in any appropriate and convenient place in the applicator housing  78  to detect the index markings  64 .  
      Turning for the moment to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , in addition to  FIGS. 6 and 9 - 12 , the applicator head  72  is positioned at the corner  96  of the main body portion  80 . The applicator head  72  provides an area for presentment of one or more adhesive segments  54  for application of such adhesive segments to a work piece. As illustrated in  FIGS. 6, 7  and  11 , the applicator head  72  may be in the form of a plate element  152  providing a surface for dispensing an adhesive segment on to a work piece  500 . The plate element  152  may be secured to the main body portion  80  of the applicator housing  78  by a bracket  154  or by any conventional means known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the plate element  152  can optionally be covered with a shock absorbing material, such as a foam or rubberized material, for assisting in application of adhesives to non-planar or fragile work pieces.  
      As best illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the applicator head  72  may be in the form of a dispensing roller  156  rotatably secured to the corner  96  of the main body portion  80 . The roller  156  may be rotatably mounted to the housing  78  by any conventional means known to those skilled in the art. The roller  156  preferably contains a soft overmolded cushion or resilient cushion around its external circumference permitting the adhesive segment applicator apparatus  50  to engage non-flat, recessed, difficult to reach, or unstable surfaces.  
      Accordingly, the size and shape of the applicator head  72  (e.g. the plate element  152  or the roller  156 ) preferably corresponds to the size and shape of the work piece  500  and/or the adhesive segments  54  that are to be applied to the work piece. As such, the applicator head  72  may be of any size or shape required by a given end-use application. For example, the applicator head  72  may be configured to present more than one adhesive segment  54  to a work piece, allowing for multiple adhesive segments  54  to be dispensed at a given time. Further, it will at once be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the applicator head  72  may be configured or positioned in any convenient location or orientation on the main body portion  80  of the housing  78 , depending on the type of work piece and/or end use of the applicator  50 . Accordingly, the present invention can include a movable/positionable applicator head  72  that can be conveniently configured in different locations and positions by an operator from job to job.  
      Regardless of the type of applicator head  72  that is utilized in the applicator  50 , the work piece detector  74  is mounted on to the housing  78  in a position adjacent to the applicator head  72  to optically detect the placement or application of a work piece onto the applicator head  72 . The work piece detector  74  may be implemented in any conventional manner, and specifically, is selected and implemented to detect a work piece of any size or shape. The work piece detector  74  may be mounted in any appropriate and convenient place on the applicator housing  78  to detect a work piece.  
      Turning now to  FIGS. 7 through 9 , the advancement mechanism  76  is provided to move the carrier strip through the applicator  50 . The advancement mechanism  76  includes a take-up spool motor  160 , including but not limited to any stepper, servo motor and/or magnet motor known to those skilled in the art, for driving the take-up spool  110 . Preferably, the motor  160  is a variable speed motor. The take-up spool motor  160  may be mounted within the enclosure portion  82  of the housing  78  on the side of the take-up spool  110  adjacent to the separating plate  114 . Alternatively, the enclosure portion  82  and the motor  160  housed therein can be mounted in any convenient location on the applicator  50  including at the rear  90  or at the side  94  of the main body portion  80 .  
      As illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the drive shaft  118  may extend from the motor  160  through the spacer element  112 , the separating plate  114  to engage the accumulating core  116  in order to rotate the take-up spool when advancing the adhesive segment-laden release tape  52 . Consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention and as will be well known to those skilled in the art, the motor  160  may instead be used to drive the supply spool  100  with the take-up spool  110  being instead driven by rotation of the supply spool  100 .  
      The advancement mechanism  76  further includes an advancement controller  162 , used in conjunction with the work piece detector  74  and the optical index marking detector  148 , implemented in a conventional manner for advancing the carrier tape as described herein. The advancement mechanism  72  further includes a speed controller  163  for controlling the speed of carrier tape advancement. For example, each of the controllers  162  and  163  may be implemented in whole or in part using a microprocessor or other programmable device and/or using in a combination of discreet digital and/or analog circuitry. Further, it will be appreciated that a single controller may be used to control precise advancement of the carrier tape as well as advancement speed of the carrier tape.  
      The advancement mechanism  72  additionally includes a toggle switch  164  for turning on and off the detectors  74  and  148  and to provide for continuous operation of the automated adhesive applicator  50 , as described in more detail below. The toggle switch  164  is preferably a three position switch with a &lt;power off&gt; position, a &lt;detectors off&gt; position and a &lt;detectors on&gt; position. The advancement mechanism  72  is receives power via the input  166  located on the enclosure portion  82  of the housing  78 .  
      To prepare the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  of the present invention for operation, a roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is inserted onto the supply spool  100 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is wound with the adhesive segments  54  facing outwardly, i.e. with the first surface  58  facing outwardly, and with a second surface  60  facing inwardly. The second surface  60  of the carrier release tape  56  has a coefficient of friction different from that of the first surface  58  so that adhesive segments  54  do not adhere to the second surface  60  as strongly as they do to the first surface  58 .  
      In certain embodiments of the present invention, the path of the carrier tape through the apparatus  50  is as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . Accordingly, the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is threaded under the roller  124  and around roller  126 , through opening  95  and over the applicator head  72  such that the adhesive segments  54  face outwardly so that the adhesive segments  54  will be exposed to the intended application surface/work piece during operation. (It will be appreciated that since the opening  95  may be anywhere along the top  84  of the main body portion  80 , more than one adhesive segment can be exposed outside the housing  78  at any given time.)  
      After application of the adhesive, spent carrier release tape  119  advances from the applicator head  72  to the roller  128  and back to the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  whereby the second surface  60  (the surface with the lower coefficient of friction) of the spent carrier release tape  119  contacts at least one of the adhesive segments  54  on the wound roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 . By nature of the externally exposed adhesive segments  54  on the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 , the second surface  60  of the spent carrier release tape  119  adheres to the adhesive segments  54  on the wound roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  and is held in place. However, because the second surface  60  of the spent carrier release tape  119  as a coefficient of friction different from that of the first surface  58  the adhesive segments  54  do not adhere to it as strongly as they do to the first surface  58 , the spent carrier release tape  119  can be advanced across the wound roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  without pulling off adhesive segments  54  from the roll.  
      The spent carrier release tape  119  extends from the supply spool  100  to the rollers  130  and  132 , which are configured such that the index markings  64  may be detected by the optical index marking detector  148 . A free end of the spent carrier release tape  119  is removably attached to the take-up spool  110  using slots  121  in the accumulating core  116 , and the spent carrier release tape  119  continues to wind in a neat roll thereupon during operation of the applicator  50 .  
      To operate the automated adhesive segment applicator  50  of the present invention, the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  54  is installed as described above and an adhesive segment  54  is exposed on the applicator head  72  of the adhesive segment applicator  50 . The power is supplied to the applicator via the power input  166 . The toggle switch  164  is positioned in the &lt;detectors on&gt; position.  
      In the &lt;detectors on&gt; mode of the adhesive applicator  50 , an adhesive segment  54  may be properly positioned onto the applicator head  72  by interrupting the work piece detector  74  and/or by placing a work piece in the appropriate position relative to the applicator head  72  relative to the work piece detector  74 . This action sends a signal to the controller  162  to advance the carrier release tape  52 .  
      The controller  162  causes the motor  160  to rotate the take-up spool  110  via the drive shaft  118 , advancing the carrier release tape through the applicator  50 . By virtue of the carrier tape dispensing system  72 , and the carrier tape path provided therewith, the take-up spool  110  winds the spent carrier tape  119  thereupon which in turn drives the supply spool  100 , causing it to rotate. The adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  on the supply spool  100  is then advanced to properly position the next proceeding adhesive segment  54  on to applicator head  72 , as determined by the optical index marking detector  148 . Accordingly, the optical index marking detector  148  operates as a tape position sensor which provides an input to the controller  162  relative to the detected position of the index markings  64  on the carrier release tape  52 . The controller  162  processes the signal received from the optical index marking detector  148  to determine, in a conventional manner, the position of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 . The controller  162  ceases advancement of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  each time an index marking  64  is detected by the optical index marking detector  148 .  
      It may therefore be seen that the &lt;detectors on&gt; mode of the present invention provides an automated system for advancing the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  after each application of an adhesive segment  54  to a work piece. Preferably, a single adhesive segment is positioned on to the applicator head  72  each time the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is advanced. However, depending on the desired end use application of applicator  50  of the present invention, the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  and index markings  74  thereon, and the controller  162  can be configured to advance the tape  52  such that more than one adhesive segment is positioned on the applicator head  72 .  
      Alternatively, rather than providing the work piece detector  74 , this advancement process may be initiated manually, e.g., by a manual trigger that provides a trigger signal to the controller  162 . The manual trigger may be implemented, for example, as a hand or foot operated switch that provides a trigger signal to the controller  162  to initiate advancement of the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  when an operator has positioned a work piece in a desired position or notes that a work piece is in the desired position for the application for an adhesive segment  32  thereto.  
      In the &lt;detectors off&gt; mode of the adhesive applicator  50 , the speed controller  163  may be manually adjusted to continuously advance the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  at any rate desired by the operator. Accordingly, it will be appreciated by those skilled in that art that in the &lt;detectors off&gt; mode, a roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  without index markings may be used.  
      In either mode, the configuration of the carrier tape dispensing system  70 , and therefore, the carrier tape path through the applicator  50 , ensures that the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52  is held in place during the application process. Accordingly, the carrier tape dispensing system  70 , by virtue of the configuration of rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  and orientation of the supply spool  100  and the take-up spool  110 , ensure that spent carrier release tape  119  is held in place by contacting at least one adhesive segment  54  on the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 . This configuration further ensures proper tension in the carrier tape throughout the applicator  50 , allowing for efficient and easy application of adhesive without the carrier tape being pulled away from the applicator head  72  during continuous and/or high volume operation of the applicator  50 .  
      Consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention, a particular use or application of adhesives may not require the use of each of the rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  or may necessitate the repositioning of one or more of the rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132 . Thus, the rollers  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  130  and  132  (and additional rollers) may be provided in any configuration permitting the spent carrier release tape  119  to be held in place by least one adhesive segment  54  on the roll of adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape  52 . Likewise, and consistent with the broader aspects of the present invention, the supply spool and the take-up spool may be in any configuration and/or orientation known to those skilled in the art within the housing that provide the carrier tape path, as herein described.  
      The applicator  50  may be oriented horizontally, as depicted in  FIG. 6 , vertically or in any other position, depending on the adhesive application work environment.  
      A second embodiment of the present invention can include an adhesive applicator  50  provided without one or both of the detectors  74  and  148 . In this embodiment, the applicator  50  will be provided with the motor  160  and speed controller  163  for permitting automatic advancement of the carrier tape. As such, the toggle switch  164  will be essentially an on/of switch for the applicator  50 . Importantly, in this embodiment, the applicator  50  will include the carrier tape dispensing system  70  and a carrier tape path as described above with reference to the first embodiment, such that the carrier tape is prevented from pulling away from the applicator head  72  during application of an adhesive segment to a work piece.  
      Further embodiments of the present invention can include one or more features of the first embodiment of the present invention as described above, with the specific applicator  50  configuration dictated by environmental, economic and usage requirements for adhesive application. However, the applicator include the carrier tape dispensing system  70  and a carrier tape path as described above with reference to the first embodiment, such that the carrier tape is prevented from pulling away from the applicator head  72  during application of an adhesive segment to a work piece.  
      It may therefore be seen that the present invention teaches an automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus including an adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape that is always in a secure position, and is not permitted to come loose or pull away from the adhesive segment applicator apparatus. Indeed, the adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention maintains proper tension on the adhesive segment-laden carrier release tape so that the adhesive segments are easily and efficiently removed from the carrier release tape.  
      It may also be seen that the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention may include an advancement mechanism/carrier tape detection system for use with carrier release tape having an indexing instrumentality, thereby allowing for precise positioning of an adhesive segment relative to a work piece or work surface.  
      Although an exemplary embodiment of the automated adhesive segment applicator apparatus of the present invention has been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments and applications thereof, it will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art that a number of changes, modifications, or alterations to the invention as described herein may be made, none of which depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. All such changes, modifications, and alterations should therefore be seen as being within the scope of the present invention.