Patent Publication Number: US-2017358037-A1

Title: Social Data Inputs

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/116,945, filed 26 May 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to social networking systems, and more specifically relates to creating communication inputs to social networking systems in connection with third party websites. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A social network, in general, is a social structure made up of entities, such as individuals or organizations that are connected by one or more types of interdependency or relationships, such as friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge, or prestige. In more recent years, social networks have taken advantage of the Internet. There are social-networking systems existing on the Internet in the form of social-networking websites. A social networking system, such as a social networking website, enables its users to interact with it and with each other through the system. 
     The social networking system may create and store a record, often referred to as a user profile, in connection with the user. The user profile may include a user&#39;s demographic information, communication channel information, and personal interests. The social networking system may also create and store a record of a user&#39;s relationship with other users in the social networking system (e.g., social graph), as well as provide services (e.g., wall-posts, photo-sharing, or instant messaging) to facilitate social interaction between users in the social networking system. The social networking system may also create and store user preferences. 
     A social networking system may support application programming interfaces and associated functionality that allows third-party systems to access user profile data of its users. Such third party websites can use the user profile data can use the identity and account of a user for purposes of identifying users and maintaining their accounts at such third party websites. These third party websites may also access user profile data in order to personalize or customize the user experience on the site. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure generally relates to social networking systems, and more specifically relates to creating communication inputs to social networking systems in connection with third party websites. 
     In particular embodiments, a method comprising accessing, at a client device, an object model representation of a structured document displayed in a browser client of a user to identify one or more elements of the structured document, and modifying, at the client device, the object model representation of the structured document to add one or more first controls proximal to respective ones of the one or more identified elements, wherein the one or more added first controls are operative, when executed, to transmit a message including an identifier of the respective element and an identifier associated with the user to a social networking system. 
     These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the disclosure are described in more detail below in the detailed description and in conjunction with the following figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example system. 
         FIG. 2  is a flow chart illustrating an example method. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example external website. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an example computer system. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     The present disclosure is now described in detail with reference to a few embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps and/or structures have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present disclosure. In addition, while the disclosure is described in conjunction with the particular embodiments, it should be understood that this description is not intended to limit the disclosure to the described embodiments. To the contrary, the description is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. 
     Social Network Systems and Accessible User Profile Data 
     A social networking system, such as a social networking website, enables its users to interact with it, and with each other, through the system. Typically, to become a registered user of a social networking system, an entity, either human or non-human, registers for an account with the social networking system. Thereafter, the registered user may login to the social networking system via an account by providing, for example, a correct login ID or username and password. As used herein, a “user” may be an individual (human user), an entity (e.g., an enterprise, business, or third party application), or a group (e.g., of individuals or entities) that interacts or communicates with or over such a social network environment. 
     When a user registers for an account with a social networking system, the social networking system may create and store a record, often referred to as a “user profile,” in connection with the user. The user profile may include information provided by the user and information gathered by various systems, including the social networking system, relating to activities or actions of the user. For example, the user may provide his name, profile picture, contact information, birth date, gender, marital status, family status, employment, education background, preferences, interests, and other demographical information to be included in his user profile. The user may identify other users of the social networking system that the user considers to be his friends. A list of the user&#39;s friends or first degree contacts may be included in the user&#39;s profile. Connections in social networking systems may be in both directions or may be in just one direction. For example, if Bob and Joe are both users and connect with each another, Bob and Joe are each connections of the other. If, on the other hand, Bob wishes to connect to Sam to view Sam&#39;s posted content items, but Sam does not choose to connect to Bob, a one-way connection may be formed where Sam is Bob&#39;s connection, but Bob is not Sam&#39;s connection. Some embodiments of a social networking system allow the connection to be indirect via one or more levels of connections (e.g., friends of friends). Connections may be added explicitly by a user, for example, the user selecting a particular other user to be a friend, or automatically created by the social networking system based on common characteristics of the users (e.g., users who are alumni of the same educational institution). The user may identify or bookmark websites or web pages he visits frequently and these websites or web pages may be included in the user&#39;s profile. 
     The user may provide information relating to various aspects of the user (such as contact information and interests) at the time the user registers for an account or at a later time. The user may also update his or her profile information at any time. For example, when the user moves, or changes a phone number, he may update his contact information. Additionally, the user&#39;s interests may change as time passes, and the user may update his interests in his profile from time to time. A user&#39;s activities on the social networking system, such as frequency of accessing particular information on the system, may also provide information that may be included in the user&#39;s profile. Again, such information may be updated from time to time to reflect the user&#39;s most-recent activities. Still further, other users or so-called friends or contacts of the user may also perform activities that affect or cause updates to a user&#39;s profile. For example, a contact may add the user as a friend (or remove the user as a friend). A contact may also write messages to the user&#39;s profile pages—typically known as wall-posts. A user may also input status messages that get posted to the user&#39;s profile page. 
     A social network system may maintain social graph information, which can generally model the relationships among groups of individuals, and may include relationships ranging from casual acquaintances to close familial bonds. A social network may be represented using a graph structure. Each node of the graph corresponds to a member of the social network. Edges connecting two nodes represent a relationship between two users. In addition, the degree of separation between any two nodes is defined as the minimum number of hops required to traverse the graph from one node to the other. A degree of separation between two users can be considered a measure of relatedness between the two users represented by the nodes in the graph. 
     In particular embodiments, an edge may be one of a plurality of edge types based at least in part on the types of nodes that the edge connects in the social graph. In particular embodiments, for example, each edge from a first edge type defines a connection between a pair of user nodes from the first set, while each edge from a second edge type defines a connection between a user node from the first set and a concept node from the second set. Furthermore, each edge from a third edge type may define a connection between a pair of concept nodes from the second set. In particular embodiments, the edge itself may store, or be stored with, data that defines a type of connection between the pair of nodes the edge connects. In particular embodiments, each edge may simply define or represent a connection between nodes regardless of the types of nodes the edge connects; that is, the edge itself may store, or be stored with, identifiers of the nodes the edge connects but may not store, or be stored with, data that describes a type of connection between the pair of nodes the edge connects. Furthermore, in any of these or other particular embodiments, data that may indicate the type of connection or relationship between nodes connected by an edge may be stored with the nodes themselves. Additional information on automatic edge generation in an integrated social graph is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/763,145, which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. 
     Similar to user profile pages, concept profile pages (“hubs”) share information related to the concept associated with the corresponding hub node. In particular embodiments, any registered user logged in to social networking system and viewing a hub may add content to the hub similar to a wiki-site. A hub may also generally include a basic information section, a detailed info section, as well as, potentially, other sections, any and all of which may generally be filled in by any user viewing the hub. In particular embodiments, wall (or news feed/activities feed) section, or other feed or activities section of the hub, displays comments, status updates, wall posts and other user activities associated with the user and friends of the user that are viewing the hub. The wall (or news feed/activities feed) section, or other feed or activities section of the hub may also display comments, status updates, wall posts and other user activities and user generated content that are related to the concept for which the hub was created. A hub may also include a photo or picture section under photos tab allowing users to upload images in or related to the concept, one of which may be selected as a profile picture for the hub. 
     In particular embodiments, user nodes and hub nodes stored in the social graph database may be connected with one another via edges. In particular embodiments, each edge may be classified or characterized by an edge type of a plurality of edge types that define, indicate, or characterize the connection between the pair of nodes connected by the edge. In particular embodiments, edges define friendship or other social relationship connections between users (e.g., friends) associated with the respective user nodes. 
     A social networking system may support a variety of applications, such as photo sharing, on-line calendars, search, events, and location-based services. For example, the social networking system may allow users to post photographs and other multimedia files to a user&#39;s profile, such as in a wall post or in a photo album, both of which may be accessible to other users of the social networking system. Social networking system may also allow users to configure events. For example, a first user may configure an event with attributes including time and date of the event, location of the event and other users invited to the event. The invited users may receive invitations to the event and respond (such as by accepting the invitation or declining it). Furthermore, social networking system may allow users to maintain a personal calendar. Similarly to events, the calendar entries may include times, dates, locations and identities of other users. 
     The social networking system may also support a privacy model. A user may or may not wish to share his information with other users or third-party applications, or a user may wish to share his information only with specific users or third-party applications. A user may control whether his information is shared with other users or third-party applications through privacy settings associated with his user profile. For example, a user may select a privacy setting for each user datum associated with the user and/or select settings that apply globally or to categories or types of user profile information. A privacy setting defines, or identifies, the set of entities (e.g., other users, connections of the user, friends of friends, or third party application) that may have access to the user datum. The privacy setting may be specified on various levels of granularity, such as by specifying particular entities in the social network (e.g., other users), predefined groups of the user&#39;s connections, a particular type of connections, all of the user&#39;s connections, all first-degree connections of the user&#39;s connections, the entire social network, or even the entire Internet (e.g., to make the posted content item index-able and searchable on the Internet). A user may choose a default privacy setting for all user data that is to be posted. Additionally, a user may specifically exclude certain entities from viewing a user datum or a particular type of user data. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a particular embodiment of a system that includes a client device  110 , an external website  120 , and a social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, links  150  illustrate interactions between client device  110  and external website  120 , between client device  110  and social networking system  130 , and between external website  120  and social networking system  130 . 
     Client device  110  is generally a computer or computing device including functionality for communicating over a computer network (e.g., remotely). Client device  110  may be a desktop computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), in- or out-of-car navigation system, smart phone or other cellular or mobile phone, or mobile gaming device, among other suitable mobile computing devices. Client device  110  may execute one or more client applications, such as a web browser (e.g., Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Google Chrome, and Opera, etc.), to access and view content over a computer network. 
     In particular embodiments, client device  110  may host a browser application  112  or other application that processes structured documents. In particular embodiments, client device  110  may have received one or more structured documents from external website  120  and/or social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, the structured document may be a markup language document that contains text, links, scripts, and other attributes, such as API calls identifying social network data elements of a user profile maintained by social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, the structured document may contain instructions, for example, to specify how to render content for display at client device  110 . In particular embodiments, the structured document may contain instructions, for example, on how to access additional information from social networking system  130 . Alternatively, the instructions within structured document may contain program logic interpreted by a scripting engine  116  on the client device  110 . 
     In particular embodiments, browser application  112  may process the markup language in the structured document and render the structured document as a displayable web page. In particular embodiments, the displayable web page may include content of the external website  120  as well as one or more of the located social network data elements of the social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, browser application  112  may display the rendered web page on a display of client device  110 . For example, a structured document hosted by external website  120  may contain an API call for a profile picture of a user. The browser application  112 , when processing the structured document, may transmit a request to social networking system  130  to retrieve the user&#39;s profile picture. The request may be an HTTP request and may further include a browser cookie with information identifying the user of social networking system  130 . The browser cookie may include state and other information indicating the status of the user, for example, whether the user has recently logged in and/or authenticated to the social networking system  130 . Still further, the structured document provided by external website  120  may include a segment (such as a div or iframe) that prompts the user to log in to social network system  130 . For example, the structured document may include HTML code, JavaScript and other controls that cause the browser hosted by client device  110  to access social networking system  130  and render a login interface in a section of the displayed structured document. 
     In particular embodiments, external website  120  may be any website accessible on the Internet, and may have various formats, such as, for example and without limitation, text, audio, video, images, web pages, documents, executables, etc. Examples of external website  120  that provides audio content includes, but is not limited to, Pandora (http://www.pandora.com), or Rhapsody (http://www.rhapsody.com), etc. Examples of external website  120  that provide video or other content include, but are not limited to, Hulu (http://www.hulu.com), YouTube (http://www.youtube.com), or The New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com), etc. In particular embodiments, external website  120  and its contents may be stored at many different sites, such as on computers and servers, in databases, etc., around the world. These different sites are communicatively linked to the Internet through various network infrastructures and the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of external website  120  specifies where the corresponding document is located and the mechanism for retrieving it. Any person may access the publicly available external website  120  or its contents via a suitable network device (e.g., a computer, a smart mobile telephone, etc.) connected to the Internet. 
     In particular embodiments, external website  120  and social networking system  130  may have one or more users or members. In particular embodiments, users of external website  120  may also be users of social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, a user may interact with external website  120  and/or the social networking system  130  using client device  110 . In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  may keep user profile information and the connections among the users. 
     In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  may receive requests from either the external website  120  or the client device  110  to which the social networking system  130  may respond with the requested information or with a subset of the requested information. Particular interactions between client device  110 , the external website  120 , and the social networking system  130  and information exchanged between the three systems will be described later in detail. As discussed in more detail below, implementations of the invention include augmented client-side functionality directed to informing the user as to which social network data elements of the user the external website  120  desires access and allows the user to control such access consistent with his or her privacy configurations. 
     In particular embodiments, social networking system  130  may include a web server  131 , an authorization server  132 , an action logger  134 , an action log  135 , a connection database  133 , a privacy controls database  136 , and member profile database  137 . In particular embodiments, social networking system  130  may include additional, fewer, or different modules for various applications. Conventional components such as network interfaces, security mechanisms, load balancers, failover servers, management and network operations consoles, and the like are not shown so as to not obscure the details of the system. In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  comprises a computing system that allows users to communicate or otherwise interact with each other and access content as described herein. 
     In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  stores user profile data and social graph information in member profile database  137 . In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  stores data describing one or more connections between different users in the connection database  133 . Particular embodiments of the connection database  133  may store connection information for users who have indicated similar or common work experience, group memberships, hobbies, or educational history. In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  may also include user-defined connections between different users and those connections may be stored in connection database  133  as well. Particular embodiments of connection database  135  may allow users to specify their relationships with other users. In particular embodiments, for example, these user defined connections allows users to generate relationships with other users that parallel the users&#39; real-life relationships, such as friends, relatives, co-workers, partners, and so forth. In particular embodiments, users may select from predefined types of connections, or define their own connection types, as needed. 
     In particular embodiments, the web server  131  links the social networking system  130  via the network  140  to one or more client devices  110 . Network  140  generally represents a network or collection of networks (such as the Internet or a corporate intranet, or a combination of both) over which client devices  110  may access the external website  120  and the social network system  130 . In particular embodiments, the web server  131  serves web pages, as well as other web-related content, such as Java, Flash, XML, and so forth. Particular embodiments of the web server  131  may include a mail server or other messaging functionality for receiving and routing messages between the social networking system  131  and the client devices  110 . In particular embodiments, the messages may be instant messages, queued messages (e.g., email), text and SMS messages, or any other suitable messaging technique. 
     In particular embodiments, the action logger  134  is capable of receiving communications from the web server  131  about user actions on and/or off the social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, the action logger  134  populates the action log  135  with information about user actions in order to track them. More specifically, any action that a particular user takes with respect to another user is associated with each user&#39;s profile through information maintained in a database or other data repository, such as the action log  135 . In particular embodiments, the actions taken by the members that are recorded in the action log  135  may be actions taken by the members on the social networking system  130  or actions taken by the members on the external website  120 . In particular embodiments, the actions taken by the members on an external website  120  are communicated to the web server  131  and the web server  131  sends a request to the action logger  134  to record the actions in the action log  135 . In particular embodiments, such actions may include, for example, adding a connection to the other user, sending a message to the other user, reading a message from the other user, viewing content associated with the other user, attending an event posted by another user, among others. Additionally, in particular embodiments, actions in connection with other objects may be directed at particular users, and these actions may be associated with those users as well. 
     In particular embodiments, when a user takes an action on the social networking system  130 , the action is recorded in an action log  135 . In particular embodiments, the social networking system  130  maintains the action log  135  as a database of entries. In particular embodiments, when an action is taken on the social networking system  130 , the social networking system  130  adds an entry for that action to the action log  135 . 
     In particular embodiments, a user of the social networking system may share media hosted by external websites with the social networking system and this action may be received by action logger  134  and stored in action log  135  . In particular embodiments, external websites may have “share” buttons that are operative to transmit links to the content to the social networking system and post the links as wall post entries for a user profile. In particular embodiments, the buttons are operative to transmit activity stream entries to the social networking system, which will post the entry in a news feed. In particular embodiments, for example, a user can access a photo, a photo album, a video clip, or other media from a client device  110  and post links to that content on the wall associated with a user profile on social networking system. 
     In particular embodiments, privacy controls database  136  may store a user&#39;s privacy data for a user&#39;s settings for each user datum associated with the user and the user&#39;s settings for third party applications. For example, a user may have selected default privacy settings or a user may have specifically excluded certain entities from viewing a user datum or particular type of user data, and all of that privacy data for all users and friends of users may be stored in the privacy controls database  136 . 
     In particular embodiments, a user&#39;s privacy data may comprise privacy settings associated with any aspect of the user profile, including changes that the user makes to the user profile, events, locations, media, activities, connections between one or more users, the news feed associated with the user or any other action that the user takes in the social networking system. In particular embodiments, the privacy settings associated with the privacy controls database  136  may be provided and stored at different levels of granularity. In particular embodiments, for example, the information to be shared may be specific information, such as, work phone number, or a set of related information, such as, personal information including several pieces of related information including profile photo, home phone number, and status. Alternatively, in particular embodiments, the privacy settings associated with the privacy controls database  136  may apply to all the information associated with the user in the social networking system. 
     In particular embodiments, the specification of the set of entities that may access particular user information may also be specified at various levels of granularity. In particular embodiments, the user may specify any number of entities with which information may be shared. In particular embodiments, sets of entities with which information may be shared may include, for example, specified friends of the user, all friends of the user, all friends of friends, all applications, and all external systems. In particular embodiments, for example, the user may provide a list of external systems that may access certain information as well. 
     In particular embodiments, may specify a set of entities that includes exceptions that are not allowed to access the user&#39;s information. In particular embodiments, for example, the user of the social networking system may allow all external systems to access the user&#39;s work information but specify a list of external systems that are not allowed to access the work information. In particular embodiments, the list of exceptions that are not allowed to access certain information of the user may be a “block list.” In particular embodiments, external systems belonging to a block list specified by a user of the social networking system are blocked from accessing the information specified in the privacy setting stored in privacy controls database  136 . Particular embodiments contemplate various combinations of granularity of permitted access or denial of access depending on the type of user information and sets of entities with which information may be shared or accessed by the sets of entities, as specified by the user and stored in the privacy controls database  136 . 
     In particular embodiments, the authorization server  132  enforces the privacy settings of the users of the social networking system, such as described above with respect to the privacy policy. In particular embodiments, the privacy setting of a user determines how particular information associated with a user may be shared. In particular embodiments, as described above, the privacy controls database  136  comprises the privacy data for a user&#39;s settings for each user datum associated with the user and the user&#39;s settings for third party applications. More specifically, the privacy data for a user&#39;s settings may specify particular information associated with a user and the entity or entities with whom the information may be shared. In particular embodiments, the entities with which information may be shared, may include users, third party applications, external websites, or any other entity that can potentially access the information. In particular embodiments, the information that may be shared by a user may comprise any aspect of the user profile, events, locations, media, activities, or the news feed associated with the user. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example web page hosted by an external website  300 . In particular embodiments example external website  300  may comprise one or more structured documents  310 , and within the structured document  310 , there may be one or more objects  312 ,  314 ,  316 . Typically, to render a webpage associated with a web application, the web application and/or web browser at a client device requires access to one or more resources provided at one or more backend servers of an associated website. A resource or webpage, which may itself include multiple embedded resources, may include data records, such as content plain textual information, or more complex digitally encoded multimedia content, such as software programs or other code objects, graphics, images, audio signals, videos, and so forth. One prevalent markup language for creating web pages is the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Other common web browser-supported languages and technologies include the Extensible Markup Language (XML), the Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), and, frequently, Java. 
     In particular embodiments, HTML may enable a page developer to create a structured document by denoting structural semantics for text and links, as well as images, web applications and other objects that can be embedded within the page. Generally, a web page may be delivered to a client as a static document, however, through the use of web elements embedded in the page, an interactive experience may be achieved with the page or a sequence of pages. The web browser obtains the required resources (e.g., in response to executing JavaScripts or other calls embedded in a requested and received structured document and which may include HTML or XML code and/or JavaScript scripts and/or content including text, audio, and video) for rendering the webpage from one or more servers and then constructs a browser representation of the webpage. In particular embodiments, the browser processes the structured document and creates an in-memory representation of the document. The representation may be a Document Object Model (DOM) representation of the webpage. The web browser then renders the page in the particular client viewing window of the browser utilizing the DOM (or other suitable) representation. 
     Typically, a web browser is used to access a webpage (or other structured document) for rendering at a client device. A web browser application is generally a computer program configured to run on a user&#39;s computing device (e.g., client device  110 ) that enables the user to connect to various server-hosted webpages available over a network. A non-exhaustive set of common web browsers include, by way of example, Internet Explorer™, Firefox™, Safari™, and Opera™. The web browser provides a standard viewing window that displays the informational and visual content of the webpage or website (the term “website” and “webpage” may be used interchangeably herein where appropriate). The URL of the website presently being rendered and viewed is displayed in the address box of the web browser GUI. The address box enables a user to input an address (e.g., a URL) for a desired (target) webpage. The content of the website generally includes graphical images, text, and/or hyperlinks (e.g., comprising code segments that redirect the web browser and user to another portion of the webpage or to a subsequent webpage altogether without requiring manual input of the subsequent webpage&#39;s address). In various example embodiments, the webpage can also include audio, video, and other types of web content. To facilitate navigation of the rendered page, the web browser GUI may include scrolling bars or buttons. By clicking and/or dragging these bars or buttons, a user may selectively view other portions of the webpage, which do not entirely fit the immediately viewable areas of the GUI rendered by the web browser. 
     Particular embodiments relate to a plug-in software application (hereinafter referred to as “social enhancement application”) that operates or executes in the context of a browser (e.g., a web browser) or other application client that consumes structured documents. In particular embodiments, the functionality described herein can be incorporated directly into a browser client application, as opposed to being a plug-in. 
     Generally, the open graph protocol enables any web page to integrate into the social graph. In particular embodiments, the presence of basic metadata within the structured document allows objects within the structured document to become graph objects or nodes. In order to turn web pages into graph objects, open graph protocol &lt;meta&gt; tags and the “like” button are included in the web page. The open graph protocol defines four properties: title, type, image, url. In particular embodiments, there are object types, such as real world objects, that can be linked with the social graph. In particular embodiments, for example, object types may be activities, businesses, groups, organizations, people, places, products and entertainment, and websites. In particular embodiments, audio and video data may also become graph objects. 
     Generally, there are two methods for adding a like button to a web page. In particular embodiments, an iframe may be added to the code defining the web page. In particular embodiments, the &lt;fb:like&gt; XFBML tag, which requires that the page make a call to the JavaScript SDK, may be added to the code. In particular embodiments, the JavaScript SDK enables a web page to access all of the features of the Graph API and Dialogs via JavaScript. 
     Social Network Data Inputs 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an example method of modifying an object model representation of the structured document to automatically add first controls proximal to identified elements of the structured document during the initial page load. In particular embodiments, the browser or plug-in, during page-load, looks for objects within a web page to which it would normally attach a “like” JavaScript, and begins adding buttons or other types of input controls that would allow a user viewing the displayed web page to “like” objects within the page or even the page as a whole. In particular embodiments, instead of the like JavaScript being preprogrammed into the structured document, the browser or plug-in automatically adds the first controls into the structured document. 
     Particular embodiments access, at a client device, an object model representation of a structured document displayed in a browser client of a user to identify one or more elements of the structured documents, as illustrated in step  210 . As described above, when a structured document is requested having HTML or other markup language content, such as objects or references within a structured document, it is received by the web browser in order to process the page so that the web browser may render and display the webpage. In particular embodiments, the structured document may have HTML denoting structural semantics for text and links, as well as images, web applications and other objects that can be embedded within the page. Generally, a web page may be delivered to a client device as a static document, however, through the use of web elements embedded in the page, an interactive experience may be achieved with the page or a sequence of pages. In particular embodiments, the structured document may include objects from a plurality of objects. Objects may be pictures, video, interactive windows, blocks of text, and/or other content including scripts and various calls to APIs. In particular embodiments, a resource or webpage, which may itself include multiple embedded resources, may include data records, such as content plain textual information, or more complex digitally encoded multimedia content, such as software programs or other code objects, graphics, images, audio signals, videos, and so forth. Typically, the application and/or web browser at a client device requires access to one or more objects or resources provided at one or more backend servers of the website. 
     A DOM representation of a structured document defines the logical structure of the document as well as the way the document may be accessed and manipulated. The structure of a DOM representation is generally based on an object structure that closely resembles the logical structure of the document (e.g., webpage) it models. In the DOM, HTML documents consist of a set of node objects. Aspects of the DOM, such as its “Elements,” may be addressed and manipulated within the syntax of the programming language in use. The public interface of a DOM is specified in its application programming interface (API) for, by way of example, valid HTML and well-formed XML documents. The programming interface of the DOM is defined by standard properties and methods. 
     Particular embodiments, modify the object model representation of the structured document to add one or more first controls proximal to respective ones of the one or more identified elements, as illustrated in step  220 . In particular embodiments, in order to modify the structured document, the application accesses the DOM (or other suitable) representation of the currently rendered structured document generated by the web browser. In particular embodiments, the application may modify, or cause to be modified the DOM representation of the target webpage (without necessarily modifying the native HTML or other markup language cone or content transmitted to the browser for rendering the target webpage (which is generally stored separately)) to indicate that the objects within the structured document have been accessed by one or more second users. In particular embodiments, the modified DOM representation may display the like controls on the structured document proximal to the identified elements. In particular embodiments, for example, the like controls may be small buttons, such as a “like” button or thumbs up button, an overlay panel, or a sidebar that indicate where a user may click to like the whole webpage or objects within the web page. In other particular embodiments, the browser or plug-in may begin adding buttons or other types of input controls that suggest verbs other than “like” thereby allowing a user viewing the displayed web page to indicate additional interactions between the user and the displayed web page. In particular embodiments, for example, an input control may indicate that the user has “watched” a particular video, “wants” a particular product, or “dislikes” something within the displayed web page. Further, particular embodiments may indicate that the user has listened, viewed, read, commented on, or any other user action associated with the user interacting with objects in the displayed web page. 
     In particular embodiments, the one or more added first controls are operative, when executed, to transmit a message including an identifier of the respective element and an identifier associated with the user to a social networking system. In particular embodiments, the first control allows a user to share content on the social networking system. In particular embodiments, when a user clicks the first control on the displayed structured document of the external website, an activity stream entry is generated that corresponds to the interaction of the user with the first object, wherein the activity stream entry includes data describing the first object as well as the user ID of the user that interacted with the object. In particular embodiments, the activity stream entry is transmitted to the social networking system and may be processed by action logger  234 . In particular embodiments, the activity stream entry may be posted to the wall associated with the user of the social networking system or processed to augment the hybrid social graph, discussed above, to add an edge between the user node and a node associated with the object. In particular embodiments, the external web page may appear in the “likes and interests” section of the user&#39;s profile of the social networking system as a result of the user clicking the “like” button. 
     In particular embodiments, the browser or plug-in sends all data representing the first object click-stream activity to the social networking system. The social networking system may process this data, for example, to augment the hybrid social graph discussed above to add an edge between the user and a node associated with the object. In particular embodiments, the data structure in the back end would store an index of all identifiers. In particular embodiments, the messages including the identifiers may be transmitted to the social networking system whether or not the user is logged into social networking system  130 . In particular embodiments, once the click event has occurred, the data indicating the edge relationship, in particular embodiments a like edge, may be stored at the client device and transmitted back to the social networking system at a later time. 
     In particular embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the display on the external website  300  may be modified to display the first controls  320   a,    320   b,    320   c,    320   d  in various locations throughout the structured document. In particular embodiments, first controls may be associated with objects  312 ,  314 ,  316 , or with the structured document  310  as a whole. In particular embodiments, for example, first control  320   a  is associated with the whole of structured document  310 , whereas first control  320   b  is associated with object  316 , first control  320   c  is associated with object  314 , and first control  320   d  is associated with object  312 . In particular embodiments each of the first controls  320   a,    320   b,    320   c,    320   d  may be always visible on the displayed structured document  310 . In particular embodiments the first controls  320   b,    320   c,    320   d  may not be revealed until the user mouses-over objects  312 ,  314 ,  316 . 
     In particular embodiments, when a user clicks on one of the first controls  320   a,    320   b,    320   c,  or  320   d , and the data has been transmitted to the social networking system, the browser may receive a response that modifies the first controls  320   a,    320   b,    320   c,  or  320   d . In particular embodiments, for example, an AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML) response from network system may show a “thumbs up” at the first controls  320   a,    320   b,    320   c,  or  320   d  when the first controls are “like” controls. 
     Particular embodiments may be implemented on one or more computer systems.  FIG. 4  illustrates an example computer system  400  that may be used to implement a host, such as a server, client desktop computer or mobile device, that executes the functionality described above. In particular embodiments, one or more computer systems  400  perform one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. In particular embodiments, one or more computer systems  400  provide functionality described or illustrated herein. In particular embodiments, software running on one or more computer systems  400  performs one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein or provides functionality described or illustrated herein. Particular embodiments include one or more portions of one or more computer systems  400 . 
     This disclosure contemplates any suitable number of computer systems  400 . This disclosure contemplates computer system  400  taking any suitable physical form. As example and not by way of limitation, computer system  400  may be an embedded computer system, a system-on-chip (SOC), a single-board computer system (SBC) (such as, for example, a computer-on-module (COM) or system-on-module (SOM)), a desktop computer system, a laptop or notebook computer system, an interactive kiosk, a mainframe, a mesh of computer systems, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, computer system  400  may include one or more computer systems  400 ; be unitary or distributed; span multiple locations; span multiple machines; or reside in a cloud, which may include one or more cloud components in one or more networks. Where appropriate, one or more computer systems  400  may perform without substantial spatial or temporal limitation one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. As an example and not by way of limitation, one or more computer systems  400  may perform in real time or in batch mode one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. One or more computer systems  400  may perform at different times or at different locations one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein, where appropriate. 
     In particular embodiments, computer system  400  includes a processor  402 , memory  404 , storage  406 , an input/output (I/O) interface  408 , a communication interface  410 , and a bus  412 . In particular embodiments, processor  402  includes hardware for executing instructions, such as those making up a computer program. As an example and not by way of limitation, to execute instructions, processor  402  may retrieve (or fetch) the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache, memory  404 , or storage  406 ; decode and execute them; and then write one or more results to an internal register, an internal cache, memory  404 , or storage  406 . In particular embodiments, processor  402  may include one or more internal caches for data, instructions, or addresses. 
     In particular embodiments, memory  404  includes main memory for storing instructions for processor  402  to execute or data for processor  402  to operate on. As an example and not by way of limitation, computer system  400  may load instructions from storage  406  or another source (such as, for example, another computer system  400 ) to memory  404 . Processor  402  may then load the instructions from memory  404  to an internal register or internal cache. To execute the instructions, processor  402  may retrieve the instructions from the internal register or internal cache and decode them. During or after execution of the instructions, processor  402  may write one or more results (which may be intermediate or final results) to the internal register or internal cache. Processor  402  may then write one or more of those results to memory  404 . One or more memory buses (which may each include an address bus and a data bus) may couple processor  402  to memory  404 . Bus  412  may include one or more memory buses, as described below. In particular embodiments, one or more memory management units (MMUs) reside between processor  402  and memory  404  and facilitate accesses to memory  404  requested by processor  402 . In particular embodiments, memory  404  includes random access memory (RAM). This RAM may be volatile memory, where appropriate. 
     In particular embodiments, storage  406  includes mass storage for data or instructions. As an example and not by way of limitation, storage  406  may include an HDD, a floppy disk drive, flash memory, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or a combination of two or more of these. Storage  406  may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate. Storage  406  may be internal or external to computer system  400 , where appropriate. In particular embodiments, storage  406  is non-volatile, solid-state memory. In particular embodiments, storage  406  includes read-only memory (ROM). Where appropriate, this ROM may be mask-programmed ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory or a combination of two or more of these. 
     In particular embodiments, I/O interface  408  includes hardware, software, or both providing one or more interfaces for communication between computer system  400  and one or more I/O devices. Computer system  400  may include one or more of these I/O devices, where appropriate. One or more of these I/O devices may enable communication between a person and computer system  400 . As an example and not by way of limitation, an I/O device may include a keyboard, keypad, microphone, monitor, mouse, printer, scanner, speaker, still camera, stylus, tablet, touch screen, trackball, video camera, another suitable I/O device or a combination of two or more of these. An I/O device may include one or more sensors. This disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O devices and any suitable I/O interfaces  408  for them. Where appropriate, I/O interface  408  may include one or more device or software drivers enabling processor  402  to drive one or more of these I/O devices. I/O interface  408  may include one or more I/O interfaces  408 , where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular I/O interface, this disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O interface. 
     In particular embodiments, communication interface  410  includes hardware, software, or both providing one or more interfaces for communication (such as, for example, packet-based communication) between computer system  400  and one or more other computer systems  400  or one or more networks. As an example and not by way of limitation, communication interface  410  may include a network interface controller (NIC) or network adapter for communicating with an Ethernet or other wire-based network or a wireless NIC (WNIC) or wireless adapter for communicating with a wireless network, such as a WI-FI network. This disclosure contemplates any suitable network and any suitable communication interface  410  for it. As an example and not by way of limitation, computer system  400  may communicate with an ad hoc network, a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), or one or more portions of the Internet or a combination of two or more of these. One or more portions of one or more of these networks may be wired or wireless. As an example, computer system  400  may communicate with a wireless PAN (WPAN) (such as, for example, a BLUETOOTH WPAN), a WI-FI network, a WI-MAX network, a cellular telephone network (such as, for example, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network), or other suitable wireless network or a combination of two or more of these. 
     In particular embodiments, bus  412  includes hardware, software, or both coupling components of computer system  400  to each other. As an example and not by way of limitation, bus  412  may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a front-side bus (FSB), a HYPERTRANSPORT (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, a low-pin-count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association local (VLB) bus, or another suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these. Bus  412  may include one or more buses  412 , where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular bus, this disclosure contemplates any suitable bus or interconnect. 
     Herein, reference to a computer-readable storage medium encompasses one or more non-transitory, tangible computer-readable storage media possessing structure. As an example and not by way of limitation, a computer-readable storage medium may include a semiconductor-based or other integrated circuit (IC) (such, as for example, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific IC (ASIC)), a hard disk, an HDD, a hybrid hard drive (HHD), an optical disc, an optical disc drive (ODD), a magneto-optical disc, a magneto-optical drive, a floppy disk, a floppy disk drive (FDD), magnetic tape, a holographic storage medium, a solid-state drive (SSD), a RAM-drive, a SECURE DIGITAL card, a SECURE DIGITAL drive, or another suitable computer-readable storage medium or a combination of two or more of these, where appropriate. Herein, reference to a computer-readable storage medium excludes any medium that is not eligible for patent protection under 35 U.S.C. §101. Herein, reference to a computer-readable storage medium excludes transitory forms of signal transmission (such as a propagating electrical or electromagnetic signal per se) to the extent that they are not eligible for patent protection under 35 U.S.C. §101. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium may be volatile, non-volatile, or a combination of volatile and non-volatile, where appropriate. 
     The present disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Similarly, where appropriate, the appended claims encompass all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend.