Patent Publication Number: US-2021179448-A1

Title: Water processing device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a continuation of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 16/157,360 filed on Oct. 11, 2018, which is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2017/059549, filed Apr. 21, 2017, which claims the benefit of German Patent Application No. 10 2016 107 485.3, filed Apr. 22, 2016, which are each incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a water processing device according to the preamble of claim  1 . 
     Water processing devices which use adsorption units comprising non-specific adsorption elements in order to process water so as to remove pollutants have already been proposed. Whereas processing efficiency is sufficient for most of the pollutants contained in the water, the processing efficiency of water processing devices of this kind in respect of micro-pollutants is significantly reduced, since these pollutants on the one hand are present in a much lower concentration and on the other hand have at least substantially lower molecular weights. Although the concentrations of the individual micro-pollutants usually lie below the critical tolerance limits for the environment and humans, the sum parameter of the various micro-pollutants is not taken into consideration. In particular, certain micro-pollutants are selectively removed only insufficiently. It is therefore of interest to remove these pollutants from water with increased efficiency. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention is in particular to provide a device of this kind having improved properties in respect of its efficiency, in particular processing efficiency. The object is achieved in accordance with the invention by the features of claim  1 , whereas advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention can be derived from the dependent claims. 
     The invention relates to a water processing device which is provided for removing micro-pollutants, in particular medicaments, from water, in particular drinking water, said device comprising at least one housing and comprising at least one adsorption unit, which is arranged in the housing and which at least partially adsorbs the micro-pollutants in at least one operating state, and which comprises at least one non-specific adsorption element. 
     It is proposed that the adsorption unit comprises at least one specific adsorption element. In particular, the water processing device can additionally comprise a filter unit. The efficiency, in particular processing efficiency, can be improved as a result. In particular, the quality of the water processing can be increased. Water advantageously can also be processed selectively in respect of specific micro-pollutants. 
     The term “provided” shall be understood here in particular to mean specially designed and/or equipped. The fact that an object is provided for a specific function shall be understood in particular to mean that the object fulfils and/or carries out this specific function in at least one application and/or operating state. A “water processing device” shall be understood in particular to mean a device which is provided for processing, purifying, clarifying, cleaning and/or purging water, in particular drinking water, and advantageously for removing micro-pollutants, in particular in that these are filtered and/or sorbed from the water, in particular absorbed and/or particularly preferably adsorbed. The water processing device is in particular at least a part, in particular a subassembly, of a water processing cartridge, a system for water processing and/or a water processing plant, such as a sewage treatment plant. In particular, the water processing device can fully comprise the water processing cartridge, the system for water processing and/or the water processing plant. In particular, the water processing device can be connected, advantageously directly, to a domestic water supply, preferably to a water tap, and in particular is arranged upstream thereof in respect of the flow direction. An “operating state” of the water processing device shall be understood in particular to mean a state in which water is flowed through the water processing device fully. 
     The term “micro-pollutants” shall be understood in particular to mean pollutants such as industrial chemicals, medicaments, in particular carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and/or ethinylestradiol, heavy metals and/or pesticides, which are present in the water, in particular dissolved therein, in a low concentration, more specifically in particular in a concentration of less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm, more preferably less than 100 ppm, and particularly preferably less than 10 ppm. In particular, the micro-pollutants have a molecular weight of less than 100 kDa, preferably less than 10 kDa, more preferably less than 1 kDa, and particularly preferably less than 0.1 kDa. 
     An “adsorption unit” shall be understood in particular to mean a unit having at least one adsorption element, which is provided for at least substantially securely binding and/or adsorbing a micro-pollutant, in particular a dissolved micro-pollutant, in particular by means of at least one adsorbent, preferably a plurality of adsorbents, more specifically in particular on a surface, preferably in a cavity, and particularly preferably in a pore of the adsorbent. In particular, the underlying adsorption mechanism for binding the micro-pollutants is different from a covalent bonding. The adsorption element is advantageously provided for at least substantially securely binding the micro-pollutants by means of the Coulomb and/or van der Waals interaction. The expression “at least substantially securely binding a micro-pollutant” shall be understood in particular to mean that an adsorbed micro-pollutant is washed out in a wash-out test by means of flushing with water within a period of time of at least one hour, advantageously at least two hours, and preferably at least four hours, to an extent of at most one percent, advantageously at most half a percent, and preferably at most a tenth of a percent of a bound substance quantity. The adsorption unit is in particular at least partially chemically regenerable. The term “chemically regenerable” shall be understood in particular to mean that the at least one adsorbent can be regenerated by means of a chemical reaction. In particular, the adsorbent can be chemically regenerated by means of an acid and/or a lye, preferably sodium hydroxide. The adsorbent is also chemically regenerable in particular by means of a saline solution, preferably a NaCl solution. Alternatively or additionally, the adsorbent can be regenerated in particular by being exposed to energy, for example in the form of heat and/or electromagnetic radiation, in particular by being exposed to light, preferably UV light. The adsorption unit is formed in particular as an advantageously water-permeable solid block or as a fill, which block/fill is formed at least in part by at least one adsorption element. 
     A “non-specific adsorption element” shall be understood in particular to mean an adsorption element which comprises at least one non-specific adsorbent, which is provided for adsorbing a plurality of micro-pollutants chemically non-specifically, in particular to the same extent and preferably independently of functional groups of the micro-pollutants and/or a charge of the micro-pollutants. The non-specific adsorbent is provided in particular for adsorbing various micro-pollutants in a sterically dependent manner. The non-specific adsorption element can advantageously comprise a plurality of non-specific adsorbents. A “specific adsorption element” shall be understood in particular to mean an adsorption element which comprises at least one specific adsorbent, which is provided for adsorbing specific micro-pollutants in a chemically or physically specific manner, in particular to a different extent and preferably depending on functional groups of the micro-pollutants and/or a charge of the micro-pollutants. The specific adsorbent is provided in particular for adsorbing certain micro-pollutants sterically independently. The specific adsorption element can advantageously comprise a plurality of adsorbents. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the adsorption unit can be formed at least partially in one piece with a further body, for example the filter unit, more specifically advantageously in the form of an impregnation and/or coating. The expression “formed at least partially in one piece” shall be understood in this context in particular to mean that at least one component of at least one object is formed in one piece with at least one component of at least one further object. The term “in one piece” shall be understood in particular to mean connected at least by a substance-to-substance bond, for example by a welding process, an adhesive process, an injection moulding process, and/or another process appearing expedient to a person skilled in the art. The term “in one piece” shall advantageously also be understood to mean “in one part”. The term “in one part” shall be understood in particular to mean formed in a single piece, for example by production from a casting and/or by production in a one-component or multi-component injection moulding method advantageously from an individual blank, and particularly preferably in a spinning method, in particular a wet spinning method, such as reactive spinning, in which the filter unit is produced with integrated adsorbent in particular in a phase inversion process. 
     A “filter unit” shall be understood in particular to mean a membrane filter unit provided for cleaning micro-pollutants from water by retaining the micro-pollutants at pores of the filter membrane. The filter unit in particular comprises at least one filter element, preferably at least 5 filter elements, preferably at least 10 filter elements, and particularly preferably at least 20 filter elements. The filter element is formed in particular as a filter membrane and advantageously as a hollow-fibre filter membrane, in which a wall of the filter element forms the membrane and defines a hollow channel. In principle, the filter element can perform a cleaning of water guided in the hollow channel as the water passes from the closed hollow channel through the filter element into an external space, such that water leaving the hollow channel is cleaned, or the filter element can preferably perform a cleaning of water entering the hollow channel from the external space, the water then being guided in the cleaned state in the hollow channel. 
     In order to achieve continuous adsorption and in order to avoid contamination of the water between the non-specific adsorption element and the specific adsorption element, it is proposed that the non-specific adsorption element and the specific adsorption element are in contact with one another at least in part. The non-specific adsorption element and the specific adsorption element are in particular directly adjacent to one another. The same flow profile is advantageously flowed through the non-specific adsorption element and the specific adsorption element in an operating state, at least substantially at the same time. 
     It is also proposed that the non-specific adsorption element and the specific adsorption element are arranged at least partially within one another. Here, at least one of the adsorption elements can be formed as a carrier for the other adsorption element. The non-specific and the specific adsorption element are preferably mixed with one another, in particular mixed homogeneously with one another. In particular, non-specific adsorption and specific adsorption can be performed simultaneously hereby. The homogeneity of the non-specific adsorption and of the specific adsorption preferably can be improved. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the adsorption element consists of the non-specific adsorption element to an extent of at least 10% and at most 98%. The adsorption element advantageously consists of the specific adsorption element to an extent of at least 2% and at most 90%. The adsorption unit can additionally consist, in particular at least in part, of a strengthening agent, which is preferably provided for stabilising the adsorption unit, in particular at the time of production of the adsorption unit. The adsorption unit is particularly preferably formed fully by the specific adsorption element and the non-specific adsorption element. The proportions of the specific adsorption element and the non-specific adsorption element are advantageously selected such that they add up to give 100% of the adsorption unit. If, for example, the adsorption unit consists to a proportion of 10% of the non-specific adsorption element, the adsorption unit thus consists of the specific adsorption element in particular to a proportion of 90%. The processing efficiency of the water processing device can hereby be further improved, since in particular the proportions of the non-specific adsorption element and of the specific adsorption element advantageously can be matched to a composition of the micro-pollutants contaminating the water to be processed. 
     It is also proposed that the adsorption unit comprises at least one adsorbent, which forms a main body of the adsorption unit at least to a large extent. The main body in particular forms a block and/or a fill of the adsorption unit at least to a large extent and is provided in particular as a carrier for the non-specific adsorption element and/or the specific adsorption element. The expression “at least to a large extent” shall be understood here to mean in particular more than 50%, advantageously more than 65%, preferably more than 75%, particularly preferably more than 85%, and particularly advantageously at least 95%. Production can be simplified hereby. A compact construction can also be attained. 
     It is also proposed that the non-specific adsorption element forms the main body at least in part. The main body is in particular formed by the non-specific adsorbent at least to a large extent and advantageously completely. In particular, the main body can be formed by the strengthening agent at least in part. The production can be further simplified hereby, since the main body can be used in a variable manner as a carrier for different specific adsorbents of the specific adsorption element. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the non-specific adsorption element comprises at least one organic adsorbent. In particular, the organic adsorbent is activated carbon, preferably granulated activated carbon, and particularly preferably sintered granulated activated carbon. It is conceivable in particular that the activated carbon is present in the form of fibres that in particular are intertwined with one another, preferably interwoven. The organic adsorbent in particular forms the main body at least in part, preferably at least to a large extent, and particularly preferably completely. The non-specific adsorption element can also comprise a plurality of preferably different organic adsorbents. Production costs can be saved hereby. 
     It is also proposed that the non-specific adsorption element comprises at least one mineral adsorbent. The mineral adsorbent preferably forms the non-specific adsorption element to an extent of from 5% to 20%. The mineral adsorbent is in particular bentonite, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, alumina and/or zinc oxide. The non-specific adsorption element can also comprise a plurality of mineral adsorbents. The processing efficiency can be further improved hereby. Furthermore, costs can be kept low, since the proportion of mineral adsorbent can be kept small. 
     In order to improve in particular the specific adsorption of medicaments, it is proposed that the specific adsorption element comprises at least one reversed-phase adsorbent. A “reversed-phase adsorbent” is to be understood in particular to mean an advantageously cross-linked, functionalised organic polymer, such as ethylvinylbenzene, which in particular comprises functionalised ligands. The ligand can advantageously be provided for hydrophobic functionalisation. The specific adsorption element can comprise in particular a plurality of reversed-phase adsorbents, preferably having different properties, in particular different functional groups, which are provided specifically for adsorption with at least one micro-pollutant, in particular precisely one micro-pollutant. 
     In order to improve in particular a specific adsorption of heavy metals and advantageously metals contained in industrial chemicals, medicaments and/or pesticides, it is proposed that the specific adsorption element comprises at least one ion exchanger adsorbent. An “ion exchanger adsorbent” shall be understood in particular to mean a specific adsorbent, which preferably uses Coulomb interactions as adsorption principle and is provided in particular for adsorbing and/or exchanging ions of a micro-pollutant, which in particular is dissolved in the liquid. The ion exchanger adsorbent can advantageously be formed as a cation exchanger adsorbent and/or anion exchanger adsorbent. The ion exchanger adsorbent is in particular a functionalised hydrophilic polymer, such as a functionalised silica gel, a functionalised cellulose and/or a functionalised dextran. The function of the specific adsorbent as anion and/or cation exchanger adsorbent is in particular dependent on the functionalisation. Ammonium groups, preferably quaternary ammonium groups, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE), trimethylhydroxypropyl (QA), quaternary aminoethyl (QAE), quaternary aminomethyl (Q), triethylaminomethyl (TEAE), triethylaminopropyl (TEAP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) can be used in particular for functionalisation of the specific adsorbent as an anion exchanger adsorbent. Carboxyl groups, sulfate groups, in particular sulfonate (S), sulfoethyl (SE), sulfopropyl (SP), phosphate groups, in particular orthophosphate (P), methacrylate and/or carboxymethyl (CM), can be used advantageously in particular for functionalisation of the specific adsorbent as cation exchanger adsorbent. The ion exchanger adsorbent particularly preferably comprises at least one functionalised agarose. In particular, the agarose is formed as a cross-linked agarose, more specifically in particular as sepharose, preferably as sepharose pellets, in particular also known as sepharose beads. The agarose is particularly preferably functionalised by means of an ammonium group, preferably a quaternary ammonium group, and particularly preferably diethylaminoethyl (DEAE). The specific adsorbent is preferably formed as an anion exchanger adsorbent. The specific adsorption element can also comprise in particular a plurality of, preferably different, ion exchanger adsorbents. 
     It is also proposed that the specific adsorption element comprises at least one adsorbent which is provided for adsorption by means of hydrogen bridges. The specific adsorption element preferably comprises linear and in particular cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) and/or copolymers thereof, such as vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, in particular in different molecular weights and degrees of cross-linking. An environmental and/or health compatibility can be further improved hereby. The specific adsorption element can also comprise in particular a plurality of, preferably different, adsorbents, which are provided for adsorption by means of hydrogen bridges. A specific adsorption of proteins occurring in medicaments can preferably be improved hereby. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the specific adsorption element comprises at least one complexing agent adsorbent. A complexing agent adsorbent shall be understood in particular to mean a substance which comprises at least one charged ligand, preferably a plurality of charged ligands, in particular carboxyl groups, which adsorb and in particular bind at least one charged micro-pollutant, preferably a heavy metal ion. During the adsorption, the complexing agent adsorbent and the micro-pollutant in particular form a chelate complex. The complexing agent adsorbent can be ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in particular. The specific adsorption element can also comprise in particular a plurality of, preferably different, complexing agent adsorbents. In particular, a specific adsorption of heavy metals and advantageously metals contained in industrial chemicals, medicaments and/or pesticides can be further improved hereby. 
     A system is also proposed, comprising a water processing device and comprising at least one pre-filtration unit arranged upstream of the water processing device in respect of the direction of flow. The pre-filtration unit is preferably arranged such that all water reaching the water processing device has passed through the pre-filtration unit prior to entering the water processing device. A “pre-filtration unit” is to be understood in particular to mean a unit that is provided for removing contaminants having particles which in particular are larger than micro-pollutants removed in the water processing device, in particular having a size of greater than 0.01 μm, preferably greater than 0.1 μm, preferably greater than 1 μm, and particularly preferably greater than 10 μm, in order to prevent a clogging of the water processing device. In particular, a system for water purification that has improved processing efficiency can be provided. 
     The water processing device is not intended to be limited here to the above-described application and embodiment. In particular, the water processing device, in order to comply with the operating principle described herein, can have a number of individual elements, components and units differing from the number stated herein. In addition, values lying within the stated limits are also considered to be disclosed and arbitrarily selectable from the value ranges specified in this disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) 
       Further advantages will become clear from the following description of the drawings. The drawings show exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. A person skilled in the art will also expediently consider the features individually and combine them to form useful further combinations. 
       In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a water processing cartridge with a water processing device in a sectional view, 
         FIG. 2  shows a cartridge of the water processing device in an exploded view, 
         FIG. 3  shows part of the water processing device in an exploded view, 
         FIG. 4  shows part of a filter unit of the water processing device in a perspective view, 
         FIG. 5  shows part of an adsorption unit of the water processing device in a schematic sectional view, 
         FIG. 6  shows a system with a water processing device and a pre-filtration unit in a schematic sectional view, 
         FIG. 7  shows a further water processing device in a sectional view, 
         FIG. 8  shows an alternative water processing device in a sectional view, and 
         FIG. 9  shows a further alternative water processing device in a sectional view. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a water processing cartridge  57   a  with a water processing device in a sectional view. The water processing device is provided for removing micro-pollutants, in particular medicaments, from water, in particular drinking water. To this end, the water processing cartridge  57   a  is provided for installation in a system for processing water. 
       FIG. 2  shows a cartridge  40   a  of the water processing device. The cartridge  40   a  is formed to be tubular. The cartridge  40   a  comprises a cylinder jacket  58   a . The cylinder jacket  58   a  defines, in its interior, a receiving space  60   a . The receiving space  60   a  is used to accommodate further units of the water processing device. The cartridge  40   a  comprises openings  42   a , which are arranged offset relative to one another in the peripheral direction  46   a , as considered in the axial direction  44   a . The openings  42   a  are formed by cut-outs, in particular cut-outs perpendicular to the axial direction  44   a , in the cylinder jacket  58   a . The cartridge  40   a  comprises a cartridge connector  62   a . The cartridge connector  62   a  is provided for connecting the water processing device to a water pipeline. The cartridge connector  62   a  comprises a screw thread for connection of the water processing device. The cartridge connector  62   a  closes the cylinder jacket  58   a  from one side, in particular in the axial direction  44   a . The cartridge  40   a  also comprises a cartridge termination  64   a . The cartridge termination  64   a  closes the cylinder jacket  58   a  from a further side, in particular in the axial direction  44   a . The cartridge  40   a  is formed from a plastics material. The cartridge  40   a  is advantageously formed from polypropylene, more specifically particularly preferably from a polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H). 
       FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of part of the water processing device. The water processing device comprises a filter housing  32   a . The filter housing  32   a , when in the assembled state, is arranged in the receiving space  60   a  of the cartridge  40   a . A filter unit  10   a  of the water processing device is arranged at least partially in the filter housing  32   a . The filter unit  10   a  is arranged within the filter housing  32   a  to an extent of less than 50%, as considered in the main direction of extent of the filter unit  10   a . The filter housing  32   a  is formed as a hollow cylinder. The filter housing  32   a  comprises a cylinder jacket, which at least partially surrounds a holding element  20   a  of the water processing device. The water processing device also comprises an adsorption housing  34   a . The adsorption housing  34   a , when in the assembled state, is arranged in the receiving space  60   a  of the cartridge  40   a . An adsorption unit  18   a  of the water processing device is arranged in the adsorption housing  34   a . The adsorption housing  34   a  is formed as a hollow cylinder. The adsorption housing  34   a  comprises a cylinder jacket, which at least partially surrounds the adsorption unit  18   a . In an operating state in which water is flowed through the water processing device, the filter housing  32   a  is arranged upstream of the adsorption housing  34   a  as considered in the flow direction. 
     The water processing device comprises a screen unit  38   a . The screen unit  38   a  separates the filter housing  32   a  and the adsorption housing  34   a  from one another. The screen unit  38   a  also at least partially closes the adsorption housing  34   a  from at least one side. The screen unit  38   a  comprises the screen cover  68   a . The screen cover  68   a  at least partially closes the adsorption unit from one side. The screen cover  68   a  also separates the adsorption unit  18   a  from the filter unit  10   a . The screen cover  68   a  is connected to the adsorption housing  34   a  with positive engagement. The screen cover  68   a  could also be connected to the adsorption housing  34   a  in a force-locking manner and/or with a substance-to-substance bond. Alternatively or additionally, the screen cover  68   a  can be formed in one piece with the adsorption housing  34   a . The screen cover  68   a  comprises a plurality of through-openings. The through-openings are provided for enabling a flow of water between the filter unit  10   a  and the adsorption unit  18   a.    
     The screen unit  38   a  comprises at least one frit  70   a . The frit  70   a  is in the form of a disc. The frit  70   a  is produced from a porous material. The frit  70   a  is produced from a cross-linked polyethylene. The frit  70   a  is arranged on a side of the screen unit  38   a  facing towards the adsorption unit  18   a . The fit  70  is arranged in the adsorption housing  34   a . The frit  70   a  is arranged after the screen cover  68   a  and in particular before the adsorption unit  18   a , as considered in the direction of flow. The frit  70   a  is provided for preventing contamination of the adsorption unit  18   a  and preferably for preventing the adsorption unit  18   a  from escaping at least in part from the adsorption housing  34   a.    
     The screen unit  38   a  comprises a further screen cover  72   a . The further screen cover  72   a  is formed at least substantially equivalently to the screen cover  68   a . The further screen cover  72   a  is formed in one piece with the adsorption housing  34   a . It is conceivable that the further screen cover  72   a  is formed separately from the adsorption housing  34   a  and in particular is connected thereto in a force- and/or positively-locking manner. The further screen cover  72   a  closes the adsorption housing  34   a  at least partially from at least one further side. The further screen cover  72   a  is arranged after the adsorption unit  18   a  as considered in the direction of flow. The screen unit  38   a  also comprises a further frit  74   a . The further frit  74   a  is formed at least substantially equivalently to the first frit  70   a . The further frit  74   a  is arranged in the adsorption housing  34   a . The further frit  74   a  is arranged after the adsorption unit  18   a  and in particular before the further screen cover  72   a , as considered in the direction of flow. 
     The water processing device comprises a connection unit  36   a . The connection unit  36   a , in the assembled state, connects the adsorption housing  34   a  and the filter housing  32   a  to one another, in particular with positive engagement. Alternatively or additionally, the connection unit  36   a  can also be provided for a force-locking connection and/or a substance-to-substance bond. For example, it is conceivable that the connection unit  36   a  comprises a thread for an additional force-locking connection. The connection unit  36   a  comprises at least one connection element  76   a , which, in the assembled state, connects the filter housing  32   a  to the adsorption housing  34   a . The connection element  76   a  is formed separately from the adsorption housing  34   a  and/or the filter housing  32   a . Alternatively or additionally, the connection element  76   a  can be formed at least partially in one piece with the filter housing  32   a  and/or the adsorption housing  34   a . The connection element  76   a  is formed as a sleeve. 
     The connection unit  36   a  comprises at least one connection element receptacle  78   a , which is provided for receiving the connection element  76   a . The connection element receptacle  78   a  is formed correspondingly to the connection element  76   a . The connection element receptacle  78   a  is formed as a recess in the adsorption housing  34   a . The connection unit  36   a  comprises a further connection element receptacle  80   a . The further connection element receptacle  80   a  is formed at least substantially equivalently to the connection element receptacle  78   a . The further connection element receptacle  80   a  is formed as a recess in the filter housing  32   a.    
     At the time of assembly of the water processing device, the further frit  74   a  is arranged in the adsorption housing  34   a . The adsorption unit  18   a  is also arranged in the adsorption housing  34   a , in particular after the further frit  70   a  as considered in the flow direction. The frit  70   a  is arranged in the adsorption housing  34   a , in particular after the adsorption unit  18   a  as considered in the flow direction. The screen cover  68   a  closes the adsorption housing  34   a . The filter unit  10   a  is arranged in the filter housing  32   a . The filter housing  32   a  is arranged after the adsorption housing  34   a  as considered in the flow direction. The connection unit  36   a  connects the adsorption housing  34   a  and the filter housing  32   a . The connection element  76   a  engages in the connection element receptacle  78   a . The connection element  76   a  engages in the further connection element receptacle  80   a . The filter housing  32   a  and the adsorption housing  34   a  are arranged in the receiving space  60   a  of the cartridge  40   a . The cylinder jacket  58   a  is closed by the cartridge termination  64   a . The cylinder jacket  58   a  is also connected to the cartridge connector  62   a . The cartridge  40   a  can also be arranged in a superior housing  82   a  (see  FIG. 6 ). 
     Part of the filter unit  10   a  is shown schematically in  FIG. 4 . The filter unit  10   a  is provided for at least one filtering of the water in an operating state of the water processing device. The filter unit  10   a  is formed as a membrane filter unit. The filter unit  10   a  comprises at least one filter element  12   a . The filter unit  10   a  comprises in particular a multiplicity of filter elements  12   a ,  22   a , wherein only two filter elements  12   a ,  22   a  equivalent to one another have been illustrated in  FIG. 4  for the sake of clarity. The filter element  12   a  is tubular. The filter element  12   a  is formed as a filter membrane. The filter membrane is a hollow-fibre filter membrane. The filter element  12   a  comprises a wall. The wall forms the filter membrane. The wall defines a hollow channel of the filter element  12   a . The filter element  12   a  comprises a first end portion  14   a  and a second end portion  16   a . The end portions  14   a ,  16   a  extend along the filter element  12  over at most 5 cm. The end portions  14   a ,  16   a  are arranged fixedly relative to one another by means of the holding element  20   a  of the water processing device. The end portions  14   a ,  16   a  of the filter element  12   a  are fixedly connected to the holding element  20   a . The holding element  20   a  is formed as a flat block. The holding element  20   a  is connected to the filter housing  32   a  by a substance-to-substance bond. The holding element  20   a  is advantageously formed from a binder  86   a . The binder  86   a  is an epoxy resin. It is conceivable that another binder  86   a  can be used, for example an adhesive and/or a plastics material. The end portions  14   a ,  16   a  are sealed off prior to assembly of the filter element  12   a , in such a way that the binder  86   a  does not contaminate the filter element  12   a , in particular the wall of the filter element  12   a . At the time of assembly, the filter housing  32   a  is filled with the binder  86   a . The end portions  14   a ,  16   a  of the filter element  12   a  are arranged in the binder  86   a , which is still liquid. The binder  86   a  is cured to form the holding element  20   a . The cured binder  86   a  is also ground in such a way that openings in the end portions  14   a ,  16   a  of the filter element  12   a  are exposed. 
     The filter element  12   a  is bent at least in portions in the assembled state and in particular has a loop shape. The filter element  12   a  is bent in such a way that the end portions  14   a ,  16   a  of the filter element  12   a  enclose an inner angle of from 0° to 90°. In the present case the end portions  14   a ,  16   a  are at least substantially parallel or preferably antiparallel to one another, such that the filter element  12   a  is preferably bent in a U shape. In the present case, the inner angle is consequently approximately 0°. The filter element  12   a  in particular has a plane of main extent  24   a . The filter element  12   a  is intersected by the plane of main extent  24   a  over the entire extent of the filter element  12   a.    
     The filter unit  10   a  also comprises at least one further filter element  22   a . A further filter element  22   a  is formed at least substantially equivalently to the filter element  12   a , in particular is shaped equivalently thereto and is advantageously fastened equivalently to the holding element  20   a . The filter element  12   a  and the further filter element  22   a  differ from one another by a length. The further filter element  22   a  surrounds the filter element  12   a  at least in part. The further filter element  22   a  has a further plane of main extent  26   a . In the assembled state, the further plane of main extent  26   a  of the further filter element  22   a  is different from the plane of main extent  24   a  of the filter element  12   a . The plane of main extent  24   a  of the filter element  12   a  and the further plane of main extent  26   a  of the further filter element  22   a  are arranged at an angle to one another. In the present case, the plane of main extent  24   a  of the filter element  12   a  and the further plane of main extent  26   a  of the further filter element  22   a  are at least substantially perpendicular to one another. The planes of main extent  24   a ,  26   a  can also be arranged at a different angle to one another, in particular from 20° to 160°, or alternatively can be arranged at least substantially parallel to one another. 
     The filter unit  10   a  also comprises a group  28   a  (see  FIG. 2 ) of filter elements  12   a . The group  28   a  of filter elements  12   a  comprises at least one additional filter element  12   a , in particular a plurality of additional filter elements  12   a , which is/are formed at least substantially equivalently to the filter element  12   a . The filter elements  12   a  of the group  28   a  are in particular bundled by means of a mesh of the water processing device. The filter unit  10   a  also comprises a further group  30   a  (see  FIG. 2 ) of further filter elements  22   a . The further group  30   a  of further filter elements  22   a  comprises at least one additional further filter element  22   a , in particular a plurality of additional further filter elements  22   a , which is/are at least substantially equivalent to the further filter element  22   a . The filter elements  22   a  of the group  30   a  are bundled in particular by means of a further mesh of the water processing device. Alternatively or additionally, the filter unit  10   a  can comprise just one of the groups  28   a ,  30   a  or additional groups. 
     In  FIG. 5  the adsorption unit  18   a  is shown schematically in a sectional view. The adsorption unit  18   a  comprises a non-specific adsorption element  50   a . The adsorption unit  18   a  can consist of the non-specific adsorption element  50   a  to an extent of at least 10% and at most 98%. In the present case, the adsorption unit  18   a  consists of the non-specific adsorption element  50   a  to an extent of 80%. In particular, the adsorption unit  18   a  can also consist of the non-specific adsorption element  50   a  to an extent of further values from 10% to 98%. 
     The non-specific adsorption element  50   a  comprises at least one organic adsorbent. In the present case, the organic adsorbent is activated carbon. The organic adsorbent is present here in the form of a cylindrical block. The organic adsorbent is activated carbon, in particular sintered granulated activated carbon. Alternatively or additionally, the organic adsorbent can be present in the form of a fill, in particular in granulated form. The non-specific adsorption element  50   a  comprises a main body  54   a . The main body  54   a  forms the adsorption unit  18   a  to a large extent. The adsorption unit  18   a  comprises an adsorbent, which forms the main body  54   a  of the adsorption unit  18   a  at least in part. In the present case, the organic adsorbent forms the main body  54   a  at least in part. Alternatively, the organic adsorbent can form the main body  54   a  completely. 
     The non-specific adsorption element  50   a  also comprises at least one mineral adsorbent. The non-specific adsorption element  50   a  at least comprises the mineral adsorbent to an extent of 5% to 20%. In the present case, the non-specific adsorption element  50   a  comprises a mineral adsorbent to an extent of 5%. In the present case, the mineral adsorbent is bentonite. The mineral adsorbent also forms the main body  54   a  of the non-specific adsorption element  50   a  at least in part. Alternatively or additionally, the non-specific adsorption element  50   a  can comprise diatomaceous earth, silica gel, alumina and/or zinc oxide as mineral adsorbent. 
     The adsorption unit  18   a  comprises a specific adsorption element  52   a . The adsorption unit  18   a  can consist of the specific adsorption element  52   a  to an extent of at least 2% and at most 90%. In the present case, the adsorption unit  18   a  consists of the specific adsorption element  52   a  to an extent of 20%. In particular, the adsorption unit  18   a  can also consist of the specific adsorption element  52   a  to an extent of further values of from 2% to 90%. The specific adsorption element  52   a  comprises at least one specific adsorbent. Alternatively or additionally, the main body  54   a  of the adsorption unit  18   a  can be formed at least in part of a specific adsorbent. 
     The specific adsorption element  52   a  comprises at least one reversed-phase adsorbent, such as a cross-linked, functionalised organic polymer. The specific adsorption element  52   a  preferably comprises a cross-linked ethylvinylbenzene as reversed-phase adsorbent. The specific adsorption element  52   a  further comprises at least one ion exchanger adsorbent. The ion exchanger adsorbent can be formed as a cation exchanger or anion exchanger. In the present case, the ion exchanger adsorbent is formed as an anion exchanger. The ion exchanger adsorbent is an agarose, which is functionalised by means of an ammonium group, preferably a quaternary ammonium group, and particularly preferably diethylaminoethyl (DEAE). The specific adsorption element  52   a  also comprises at least one adsorbent, which is provided for adsorption by means of hydrogen bridges. In the present case, the adsorbent which is provided for adsorption by means of hydrogen bridges is linear and/or cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP). The specific adsorption element  52   a  also comprises at least one complexing agent adsorbent. In the present case, the complexing agent adsorbent is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Alternatively or additionally, the specific adsorbent  52   a  can comprise further specific adsorbents. 
     The non-specific adsorption element  50   a  and the specific adsorption element  52   a  are at least partially in contact with one another. The non-specific adsorption element  50   a  and the specific adsorption element  52   a  are arranged at least partially within one another and in particular are mixed with one another. 
     In an operating state, water that is to be cleaned is flowed through the water processing device fully (see  FIG. 1 ). The direction in which the water enters the water processing device is in particular at least substantially perpendicular to a direction in which the water leaves the water processing device. The water enters the water processing device through the openings in the cartridge  40   a , in particular at least substantially perpendicularly to the axial direction  44   a . The water also enters the filter unit  10   a  at least substantially perpendicularly to the axial direction  44   a . The water passes through the filter element  12   a , in particular the wall of the filter element  12   a , at least in part. The water is filtered by means of the wall. The water collects inside the filter element  12   a , in particular in the hollow channel. The hollow channel guides the water in the direction of the adsorption unit  18   a . The water penetrates the adsorption unit  18   a , in particular in the axial direction  44   a . Micro-pollutants contained in the water are adsorbed by the adsorption unit  18   a . The water leaves the water processing device through the cartridge connector  62   a , in particular in the axial direction  44   a.    
       FIG. 6  shows a system with the water processing device and with a pre-filtration unit  56   a . The pre-filtration unit  56   a  is arranged upstream of the water processing device in respect of the flow direction. The system is provided for installation in a water pipeline. The pre-filtration unit  56   a  is formed as a microfiltration unit with a filter membrane and is provided for retaining coarse dirt particles measuring at least 5 μm in size. In alternative embodiments, filter membranes can be used which are suitable for retaining coarse dirt particles having other sizes, for example 20 μm. The micro-pollutants are then removed in the water processing device. 
     The water processing device is arranged in the superior housing  82   a . The superior housing  82   a  comprises an outlet with a screw thread for connection to a water pipeline. The pre-filtration unit  56   a  is arranged in a further superior housing  84   a . The further superior housing  84   a  comprises a connector with screw thread for connection to a water pipeline. The pre-filtration unit  56   a  and the water processing device are arranged relative to one another such that water which enters the further superior housing  84   a  firstly passes through the pre-filtration unit  56   a  and then passes into the superior housing  82   a , in which the water is processed by means of the water processing device. 
     Further exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in  FIGS. 7 to 9 . The following descriptions and the drawings are limited fundamentally to the differences between exemplary embodiments, wherein reference can also be made in principle to the drawings and/or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular  FIGS. 1 to 6 , in respect of similarly denoted components, in particular in respect of components having like reference signs. For distinction among the exemplary embodiments, the letter ‘a’ follows the reference signs of the exemplary embodiment in  FIGS. 1 to 6 . The letter ‘a’ is replaced by the letters ‘b’ to ‘d’ in  FIGS. 7 to 9 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a further water processing device. The exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 7  differs from the previous exemplary embodiment at least fundamentally by an adsorption unit  18   b  of the water processing device. In the present case the adsorption unit  18   b  is at least substantially tubular. The adsorption unit  18   b  has a tube wall  88   b . The tube wall  88   b  defines a tube channel  90   b . In the operating state, the water to be processed penetrates the adsorption unit  18   b  at least substantially perpendicularly to an axial direction  44   b . The water is guided from a filter unit  10   b  in the axial direction  44   b  into the tube channel  90 . The tube channel  90   b  is closed at one end, such that the water penetrates the tube wall  88   b  of the adsorption unit  18   b  at least substantially perpendicularly to the axial direction  44   b . Once the water has passed through the tube wall  88   b , it enters an adsorption housing  34   b . The adsorption housing  34   b  diverts the water in the axial direction  44   b.    
       FIG. 8  shows an alternative water processing device. The exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 8  differs from the previous exemplary embodiments at least fundamentally in that a filter unit  10   c  of the water processing device is tubular. The filter unit  10   c  comprises a tube wall  92   c . The tube wall  92   c  is formed at least partially by a group  28   c  of filter elements  12   c  of the filter unit  10   c . The filter elements  12   c  are arranged in a circle. A holding element  20   c  of the water processing device, in which the filter elements  12   c  are arranged, is formed as a circular disc. The circular disc has an opening. The tube wall  92   c  defines a tube channel  94   c . An adsorption housing  34   c  of the water processing device is arranged within the tube channel  94   c . A filter housing  32   c , in which the filter unit  10   c  is arranged at least in part, is closed in the axial direction  44   c . If water, in an operating state, leaves the filter elements  12   c  in the axial direction  44   c , the water is diverted in the reverse direction by the filter housing  32   c . The water enters the adsorption housing  34   c , in particular in the axial direction  44   c , through the opening in a holding element  20   c.    
       FIG. 9  shows a further alternative water processing device. The exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 9  differs from the previous exemplary embodiments at least substantially in that an adsorption unit  18   d  of the water processing device is arranged upstream of a filter unit  10   d  of the water processing device in respect of the direction of flow. In the present case, the water processing device comprises a flexible adsorption casing  96   d  instead of an adsorption housing. The adsorption casing  96   d  is in particular formed as a tubular bag. The adsorption casing  96   d  is formed from a material such as a nonwoven fabric. The adsorption unit  18   d  of the water processing device is arranged within the adsorption casing  96   d . In the present case, the adsorption casing  96   d  also surrounds a filter housing  32   d  of the water processing device. In the present case the filter housing  32   d  is water-permeable perpendicularly to an axial direction  44   d . The filter housing  32   d  serves as a spacer between the filter unit  10   d  and the adsorption unit  18   d . The filter unit  10   d  comprises a group  28   d  of filter elements  12   d . The filter elements  12   d  are straight. In the present case the water processing device comprises two holding elements  20   d ,  98   d  for end portions  14   d ,  16   d  of the filter elements  12   d.