Patent Publication Number: US-9890761-B2

Title: System and method for low ecology impact generation of hydroelectric power

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present teachings relate generally to power systems and, more particularly, to hydroelectric power systems having enhanced torque capabilities. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Dwindling non-renewable energy sources, along with the negative environment impact associated with consuming non-renewable energy sources, has greatly increased the demand for renewable energy. One form of renewable energy is hydroelectric power, in which the flow of fluid, such as water, is utilized to generate electrical energy. The advantages of hydroelectric power is that the energy source is sustainable (e.g., as rain falls it replenishes a river where the equipment is located) and the flow of water is relatively “clean” (e.g., there is very little generation of unwanted byproducts such as is created by the burning of fossil fuels). 
     A water wheel is one form of hydroelectric machine that converts the energy of free-flowing or falling water into rotational energy. A water wheel consists of a large wheel with a number of blades or containers arranged on an outside rim forming a driving surface. Water is typically diverted from a water source (e.g., a river) or storage basin along a channel or pipe and the downward force exerted on the blades or containers drives the wheel, which in turn rotates an axle that may drive other machinery. Water leaving the wheel may be drained through a channel but may also be directed into yet another wheel, turbine or mill. The passage of water may be controlled by sluice gates that allow maintenance and some measure of flood control. 
     Water wheels have traditionally been used with watermills, where the water wheel drives a mechanical process such as flour, lumber or textile production, or metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire drawing). However, modern hydroelectric dams can be viewed as the descendants of the water wheel as they too take advantage of downward water flow. 
     A major drawback of known hydroelectric power systems is the environmental impact the structures have on the environment. For example, typically dams are erected on a running water source, such as a river, and are used to generate a steady supply of electricity. However, it is well known that placing barriers in a river negatively impacts the animal life naturally occurring in the river, even preventing some species from migrating to spawning grounds. These barriers can have unanticipated negative effects on still other animal species that are affected by the decline of the species blocked or hindered by the hydroelectric equipment. 
     In an attempt to mitigate the negative effects such equipment causes, bypasses have been provided in, for instance, dams to allow various species to move up and down a river past the hydro-electric equipment. However, such bypasses have only been marginally effective as the vast majority of the water way still remains blocked. 
     Known systems also suffer from other deficiencies, including a lack of efficiency and the inability to scale down their size for smaller uses. 
     Therefore, it would be beneficial to have a superior system and method for low environmental impact generation of hydroelectric power. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The needs set forth herein as well as further and other needs and advantages are addressed by the present embodiments, which illustrate solutions and advantages described below. 
     The system may in one embodiment include, but is not limited to, two containers and a support beam having two ends, each end adapted to hold one of the containers. The ends are each adapted to allow the containers to travel along a length of the support beam. The support beam pivots about a pivot point, giving each of the containers a maximum height and a minimum height. A fluid source delivers a flow of fluid into each of the containers when they are located at or near their maximum height, the flow of fluid at least partially fills each container and causes it to descend, each container moving longitudinally outward (e.g., longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis of the support beam) from the pivot point along the support beam as it descends. A tipping mechanism causes each container to release fluid at or near its minimum height. Each container ascends after releasing fluid and moves longitudinally inward toward the pivot point along the support beam as it ascends. 
     In another embodiment, the system includes, but is not limited to, a wheel and at least two pairs of containers, each pair having its containers on opposite sides of the wheel. Two intersecting support beams each have two ends, each end having a rounded support holding one of a pair of containers, the ends each adapted to allow the containers to travel along a length of the support beam. The two support beams rotate about a pivot point, giving each of the containers a maximum height and a minimum height. A fluid source delivers a flow of fluid into each of the containers when they are located at or near their maximum height, the flow of fluid at least partially fills each container and causes it to descend, each container moving longitudinally outward from the pivot point along the support beam where it is held as it descends. A tipping rod causes the container to release fluid at or near its minimum height, after releasing fluid the tipping rod interacts with a lever in order to release the tipping rod and allow the container to move to an upright position. Each container ascends after releasing fluid and moves longitudinally inward toward the pivot point along the support beam where it is held as it ascends. 
     In a further embodiment, the system includes, but is not limited to, two containers held in a teeter totter arrangement by a support beam. The support beam has two ends, each end holding one of the containers and adapted to allow the containers to travel along a curved path. The support beam pivots about a pivot point, giving each of the containers a maximum height and a minimum height. A fluid source delivers a flow of fluid into each of the containers when they are located at or near their maximum height, the flow of fluid at least partially fills each container and causes it to descend, each container moving longitudinally outward from the pivot point along the support beam as it descends. A tipping mechanism tips each container to release fluid at or near its minimum height, each container ascending after releasing fluid and moving longitudinally inward toward the pivot point along the support beam as it ascends. In effect, this embodiment functions similar to a teeter-totter, but with the containers alternatingly moving inward and outward relative to the axis point as described above. While the tipping mechanisms may be attached to the containers, it is understood that the tipping mechanisms may not be mounted on the containers but rather on a frame of the device or on a location near where the containers are to be tipped, although not limited thereto. 
     In another configuration, a hydro-electric power system for transforming mechanical power to electrical power is provided comprising an electrical power generator and a mechanical device coupled to the generator, the mechanical device generating rotational power. The mechanical device includes at least two containers, a support beam having two ends, each end holding one of the containers and adapted to allow one of the containers to travel along a length of the support beam, and an axis about which the support beam rotates, giving each of the containers a maximum height and a minimum height. The mechanical device is adapted to receive fluid from a fluid source delivering a flow of fluid into each of the containers when each container is located near a maximum height, the flow of fluid at least partially filling each container and designed to cause the container to descend, each container moving longitudinally outward from the axis along the length of the support beam during a portion of the decent. The mechanical device further comprising a dumping mechanism that causes each container to release fluid near its minimum height, each container ascending after releasing fluid and moving longitudinally inward toward the axis along the length of the support beam during a portion of the ascent and two moving beams each having first and second ends, the first end of each moving beam connected to one of the containers and the second end of each moving beam having a roller disposed in a track to facilitate longitudinal movement of the containers relative to the axis. The system is provided such that the generator converts the rotational power to electrical energy. 
     Other embodiments of the system and method are described in detail below and are also part of the present teachings. 
     For a better understanding of the present embodiments, together with other and further aspects thereof, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of one embodiment of the enhanced torque capabilities according to the present teachings. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of a fluid wheel according to the enhanced torque capabilities of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIGS. 3A-3D  are more detailed diagrams of a support beam of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4A-4B  are more detailed diagram of a fluid wheel according to  FIG. 2 . 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are diagrams of a teeter-totter arrangement according to the enhanced torque capabilities of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  is one embodiment of a power storage system using the device of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present teachings are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the present embodiments are shown. The following description is presented for illustrative purposes only and the present teachings should not be limited to these embodiments. For purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description with unnecessary detail. 
     Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to “a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc.” are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated. The use of “first”, “second” etc, for different features/components of the present disclosure are only intended to distinguish the features/components from other similar features/components and not to impart any order or hierarchy to the features/components. 
     The present teachings may utilize a fluid pick-up device. Rather than having a dam constructed in a river that obstructs the flow thereof, a tube may be placed at the bottom of the river as a fluid pick-up device. The tube may be placed on the river bottom for a length of river having an elevation change (e.g., 20-50 feet or more). The elevation drop of the river may determine the length of the tube necessary to reach the desired height of the opening of the tube. For example, on a river bed having a steep elevation it may not be necessary to have as long as a tube. What is desired is to have a fluid pick-up device capable of delivering adequate fluid flow to actuate a system according to the present teachings. One of skill in the art will understand that relevant authorities may require the use of a screen to prevent wildlife from entering the tube and this may be used to prevent debris from entering and clogging the system. 
     Accordingly, the opening(s) of the tube may be positioned at an elevation that is higher than the highest point of a pivoting or rotating structure such that gravity will allow the flow of fluid entering the tube to run downhill through the tube and be directed into the various containers to actuate the structure. In one embodiment, containers may be filled at an angular point that is at or just below the highest elevation point of the structure. It will be understood that fluid may be discharged in the direction of rotation, which will add to the rotational torque of the system. 
     The system according to the present teachings may be used to convert gravitational forces (e.g., a flow of fluid) to electrical energy. In particular, the present teachings allow for the generation of hydro-electric power that reduces impact on the ecology of the environment into which it is placed. It does so with improved efficiency that increases the downward torque force on a pivoting or rotating structure. As would be appreciated by one skilled in the art, this improved torque force can be converted to electrical power by the use of a turbine generator or other power generator. 
     Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. In other words, torque is a measure of the turning force on an object. For example, pushing or pulling the handle of a wrench connected to a nut or bolt produces a torque (turning force) that loosens or tightens the nut or bolt. The magnitude of torque depends on three quantities: the force applied, the length of the lever arm connecting the axis to the point of force application, and the angle between the force vector and the lever arm. This is shown in symbols as follows:
 
τ= r×F  
 
τ=∥ r∥ ∥F∥  sin θ
 
Where τ is the torque vector and τ is the magnitude of the torque, r is the displacement vector (a vector from the point from which torque is measured to the point where force is applied), F is the force vector, x denotes the cross product, θ is the angle between the force vector and the lever arm vector. The length of the lever arm is particularly important and is often critical to the operation of levers, pulleys, gears, and most other machines involving a mechanical advantage.
 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , shown is a diagram of one embodiment of the enhanced torque capabilities according to the present teachings. A plurality of containers  100 , 100 ′ (also referred to as buckets, tubs, etc.) pivot and/or rotate around a pivot point  102  (e.g., axis point, hub, etc.). The containers  100 , 100 ′ catch fluid released from a fluid source  104  (e.g., water pick-up device, storage tank, etc.) in an alternating manner such that as one catches water it will become heavier and descend until it reaches its lowest point and discharges its water. As one descends, another will rise (e.g., on opposite side of pivot point  102 ) after having discharged its water. 
     In one embodiment, the containers  100 , 100 ′ may be provided such that they are least partially overlapping so that as water falls from the water source  104  water is not lost. For example, any water that splashes and misses a container at or near its maximum height can be caught by another container that is below it (e.g., by overlapping). 
     In order to increase the efficiency of the system, a mechanical structure (various embodiments discussed further below) allows a container  100 ′ to move  106  outward from the pivot point  102  as it descends. This increases its torque (e.g., downward force) by increasing the length of its pivot (or rotational) arm. Similarly, as container  100  ascends after discharging its water the mechanical structure allows it to move  108  inward toward the pivot point  102 . This decreases its torque (e.g., downward force) by decreasing the length of its pivot (or rotational) arm and allows for a lower water delivery height. As a result, the system allows for improved torque efficiency by changing the length of the pivot (or rotational) arm. 
     As would be appreciated by one skilled in the art, an electric generator  109  may be coupled to the pivot point  102  to convert the mechanical energy from the system&#39;s actuation to electricity. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , shown is a diagram of a water wheel according to the enhanced torque capabilities of  FIG. 1 . As shown in this embodiment, a water wheel has a pivot point  110  (e.g., central axis, hub, rotation point, etc.) about which the wheel rotates. The wheel is provided with containers  112  (e.g., tubs or containers) fixed about a circumference of the wheel at selected intervals. Support beams  114  extend outward from the pivot point  110  of the wheel to the containers  112 , which may be attached in pairs such that a support beam  114  extending outward from the axis  110  will have a counterpart support beam  114 ′ extending substantially parallel at 180 degrees therefrom. It is to be appreciated that each pair of support beams  114 ,  114 ′ may be connected to each other and comprise a single beam. 
     Each support beam  114 ,  114 ′ may be provided with rollers (e.g., roller bearings) and a track arraignment (discussed further below) that allows a container  112  to move radially relative to the pivot point  110  to improve torque efficiency. 
     In operation, water is poured from a water source  116  (e.g., using water pickup device discussed above, storage container, etc.) into a container  112  at or near its maximum height of rotation. The weight of the water moves the container  112 ″, 112 ″′ radially outward from the pivot point  110  as it descends. This increase in the distance of a container to the pivot point  110  increases the torque of the weighted container, improving the efficiency of rotation. 
     At the same time, a container on the opposite side of the pivot point  110  may move in an opposite direction (e.g., toward the pivot point  110 ). In particular, as the container  112 ″′ rotates about the pivot point  110 , it will eventually reach an angular rotation point that is its minimum height (e.g., lowest elevation of the circumference of the wheel). At or near this point a tipping mechanism  118  (e.g. a tip rod, or the like, discussed further below) causes the water to be poured from the container (e.g., back into the river, storage container, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, the tipping mechanism  118  is a tip rod that keeps the orientation of the container  112 ″′ (e.g., rotation relative to support beam where it is held) fixed in relation to the wheel such that at the bottom of its rotation water will be poured out. At the bottom of the rotation of the wheel, a member  119  (e.g., lever fixed on the ground, etc.) may interact with the tip rod  118  in order to release it and allow the container  112 ″′ to rotate to a horizontal position. In one embodiment the tipping mechanism may be a spring-loaded mechanism (or the like) that engages to tip the bucket when it is at or near its minimum height (e.g., at greater than 150 degrees relative to the orientation of the wheel). 
     The empty container may then move inward toward its pivot point  110  as it ascends. This decreases the torque resulting from the empty container, again improving the efficiency of rotation. A resilient member (discussed below) may be attached to the container such that upon the release of the water, a force pulls the container and associated equipment into a relatively close axial position relative to the pivot point  110 . It should be understood that when a spring is used as the resilient member it may not provide enough force to overcome the weight of the water when the container is full. This allows the container (and equipment) to extend outward to a maximum distance from the pivot point  110  as described above. 
     In another embodiment, the resilient member may comprise a connecting beam that allows two containers on opposite sides of the pivot point  110  to move in unison. While the use of a spring to pull the bucket inward after the bucket is emptied may be desirable, one of skill in the art will understand that the use of springs is not absolutely required. As the weight of the water in one container causes the beam holding it to move out from the pivot point  110 , the counterpart container may move in the opposite direction (e.g., toward the pivot point  110 ). 
     The result is a hydroelectric generation system that provides improved torque efficiency that may be used to turn a system of gears attached to an alternator in order to generate electrical energy, although not limited thereto. The system advantageously does not require the construction of dam, but rather may only utilize a pipe or tube located along the bottom of the river for minimal ecological impact. Likewise, the elevation change required from the input of the tube to the pouring location for the containers does not have to be substantial due to the sliding mechanism of the containers, which maximizes torque. Accordingly, it provides relatively “clean” and efficient electrical power that has a minimal impact on the ecology of the environment in which the equipment is located. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3A-3D , shown are more detailed diagrams of a support beam  114  of  FIG. 2 . The support beam  114  may be attached to the pivot point  110  and may support a pair of rounded supports  124 . In one embodiment, the rounded supports  124  are substantially in the shape of an oval. These may be held by the support beam  114  in the form of a wishbone (top view shown in  FIG. 3B ). 
     The rounded supports  124  allow a container  126  to move  125  radially from the axis  110 . The container  126  may have rollers  128  (e.g., wheels or some other mechanism for facilitating travel) disposed in the rounded supports  124  that allow the container  126  to move  125  radially from the axis  110  through the length of the rounded supports  124  (e.g., wishbone ends). 
     The container  126  may be connected to a moving beam  122  (e.g., may be 1″×2″ aluminum tubing, etc.). The moving beam  122  may be angled at the end opposite of the container  126  and have another roller  130  (e.g., wheels or some other mechanism for facilitating travel) that is disposed in a track  132 . In one embodiment, the track  132  may be in the shape of an elongated “s” (e.g., s-shaped). Such a shape facilitates maximization of torque forces by keeping the container  126  in preferred positions during rotation. For example, on the downward rotation of the wheel (when the container  126  has water), the s-shape facilitates radial travel of the container  126  away from the pivot point  110  as the roller  130  descends the curve in the track  132 , thus increasing downward torque forces. On the upward rotation of the wheel (when the container  126  is empty), the s-shape facilitates radial travel of the container  126  toward the pivot point  110 , thus decreasing torque forces. In short, the s-shape helps pull the container  126  in toward the pivot point  110  when going up and helps push the container  126  out from the pivot point  110  when going down. 
     The moving beam  122  may also have a weighted portion  134  (e.g., 10, 20, 50, 100 lbs, etc.) disposed thereon. The weight may help the moving beam  122  travel in a preferred way along the s-shaped track  132 . Travel in the s-shaped track  132  may also serve to reverse rotation of a container relative to the support beam where it is held, adding to downward torque. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3C , because of the angle and location of the leg  127  relative to the rounded supports  124  and the location of the container mount points  129 , the container  126  may reverse some of its downward motion as the moving beam  122  travels down the track  132 . The Leg may  127  become vertical (or substantially vertical), adding to lift. This results in more downward torque. This torque increase may magnify as the size of the wheel and related components increases. 
       FIG. 3D  illustrates another configuration for the device where instead of having an s-shaped track  132 , the moving beam  122  moves within a hoops  133 , which functions to smooth the operation of the device. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 4A-4B , each shown a more detailed diagram of a water wheel  140  according to  FIG. 2 . As shown, containers  142  may rotate about a pivot point  144  and travel in rounded supports  146  along the length of wishbone ends. The difference between  FIGS. 4A and 4B  being that  4 A includes the s-shaped track  132 , while  FIG. 4B  includes the hoops  133 . Additional modifications include positioning each of the moving beams  122  to alternating sides of the support beam  114 . By implementing this change, it was observed that an additional travel distance can be obtained (e.g., an additional 12 inches of travel), which results in an approximate 20% increase in the torque generated by the device with one gallon of water in a container  142 . This calculation is based on the container being connected at approximately 7 1/2 feet from the axis  144 . 
     The wheel  140  may be constructed in various dimensions. In one embodiment, the diameter of a wheel may be 30 feet or more, although not limited thereto. The system is scalable to any number of dimensions, including smaller wheels with a diameter approximately 5 feet, 10 feet, 15 feet, and 20 feet, etc., which may depend on the elevation of the intake. 
     A system according to the present teachings may provide for efficient torque with little water use. For example, 1 gallon of water on a 90 degree arm may produce 55 ft/lb torque. 1 gallon of water on a 90 degree arm and 1 gallon of water on an arm above may product 100 ft/lb torque. 1 gallon of water on a 90 degree arm, 1 gallon of water on an arm above, and 1 gallon of water on an arm below may produce 140 ft/lb torque, although not limited thereto. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , shown are diagrams of a teeter-totter arrangement according to the enhanced torque capabilities of  FIG. 1 . As shown, in this embodiment a reciprocal arm device comprises at least one support beam  150  with containers  152 , 152 ′ affixed to each end. The flow of water  154  is directed into the containers  152 , 152 ′ in an alternating manner (e.g., fills them when they are at or near their maximum height). 
     This may be achieved at least in part by a water release rod  155 , although not limited thereto, which may actuate a valve or door  157  ( FIG. 4B ) to release water when the container  152  is ready to be filled. An advantage of utilizing a door  157  ( FIG. 4B ) instead of tipping the container  142  is that the containers retain a full load of water until the door  157  ( FIG. 4B ) is released at a minimum height thereby leveraging the weight of the water for a maximum amount of time before dumping. When a container  152 ′ is weighted by water the support beam  150  pivots downward about a pivot point  156  (e.g., fulcrum, axis, etc.) causing its opposite container  152  to rise. 
     The support beam  150  may hold the containers  152 , 152 ′ in a wishbone configuration (top view shown in  FIG. 5B ). The containers  152 , 152 ′ may travel along the length of the wishbone end of the support beam  150  with rollers  158  (e.g., wheels or some other mechanism for facilitating travel). The rollers  158  may be on the end of a leg  159 , as shown. 
     The support beam  150  may be curved on its wishbone ends, although not limited thereto. Such a curved shape facilitates an objective of the present teachings to maximize torque forces. For example, on descent (when a container  152 ′ has water) the shape may maximize the torque as the heavy container  152 ′ moves radially outward from the pivot point  156 , increasing the upward swing on the other end. On ascent (when a container  152  is empty) the shape may minimize the downward torque by urging the container  152  radially inward toward the pivot point  156 . 
     In one embodiment, each container  152 , 152 ′ may be connected to a moving beam  160 . The moving beam  160  may have at its end a roller  164  (e.g., wheels or some other mechanism for facilitating travel) that travels along a track  162  (e.g., travelling beam). The track  162  may have a curved shape to assist the container in moving outward from the pivot point  156  on descent and inward to the pivot point  156  on ascent. In one embodiment, the track  162  has substantially the same shape as the curved end of the support beam  150 . The moving beam  160  and track  162  may not be necessary or desirable in all circumstances. 
     A resilient member  153  (shown in  FIG. 5B ) may facilitate the retraction of the containers  152 , 152 ′ inward toward the pivot point  156  when empty. In one embodiment, the resilient member  153  may comprise one or more springs attached to the containers  152 , 152 ′ such that upon the release of water, a force pulls the containers  152 , 152 ′ and any associated equipment into a closer axial position relative to the pivot point  156 . It should be understood that the spring may be attached to the containers  152 , 152 ′ in such a way that it does not provide enough force to overcome the weight of the water such that when the containers  152 , 152 ′ are filled. 
     As an alternative embodiment, resilient member  153  may comprise one or more connecting beams (e.g., two beams each at 180 degrees from each other) attaching the two containers  152 , 152 ′ to each other so that they move in unison. This would function to eliminate the need for the springs as the weight of the water would function to pull the filled container  152  away from the pivot point  156  while at the same time would function to pull the corresponding empty container  152 ′ inward toward the pivot point  156 . When a spring is used, the spring tension can be determined based on the size of the container, the amount of water utilized, etc. 
     As a filled container  152 ′ pivots downward, it will eventually reach its minimum height of pivot. At or near this point a tipping mechanism  170  (e.g. a tip rod, or the like) may cause the water to be poured from the container  152 ′. In one embodiment, the tipping mechanism  170  comprises a spring positioned near the container  152 ′ in a location where the container is to be tipped. When the container  152 ′ nears the bottom of its pivot on the support beam  150 , the tipping mechanism  170  may come into contact with a member  172  (e.g., part on the container, etc.) such that the spring is activated, causing the container  152 ′ to rotate away from the point of contact between the tipping mechanism  170  and the member  172  so the water is poured from the container. Of course, the tipping mechanism may be mounted on the ground or a member and near the container. The tipping mechanism may also be partly on the container and partly on the ground, although not limited thereto. 
     In one embodiment, the system may comprise multiple reciprocating support beams  150  and pairs of containers  152 , 152 ′ attached in unison to the same drive train having a crank shaft  161  and gearbox  163  by way of a connecting rod  165 , although not limited thereto. 
     The containers may generally stay upright (unless held by a tipping rod, etc.). In this respect, the containers may have curved bottoms and a point of rotation relative to the wishbone ends where they are held that is near their top. Each container (e.g., may be made of aluminum or some other appropriate material, etc.) may be of sufficient size to hold up to 35 gallons of water (e.g., approximately 250 lbs. in weight), although the size of the containers may be scalable to any dimensions (e.g., 1 gallon, 5 gallon, 10 gallon, 15 gallon, 20 gallon, 100 gallon, etc.). 
     A system according to the present teachings has many uses, as would be appreciated by one skilled in the art. In undeveloped countries it could be used to convert intermittent power to constant power. In more developed countries, the system could be used to reduce energy costs with peak shaving, where stored water is used when electricity is its most expensive. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , shown is one embodiment of a power storage system using the device of  FIG. 1 . As shown, a pump  202  may be powered by an electrical power grid  200  and run when the power grid  200  is providing power to the pump in order to pump water from a water source  204  to be stored in a storage tank  206 . For example, storage tank  206  may be provided at a higher elevation than hydro-electric system  208 . If the power grid  200  stops providing electricity (or power otherwise becomes unavailable), the water in the storage tank  206  may be used to run the hydro-electric system  208  according to the present teachings to generate electrical power. The system could also be paired with solar and/or wind power, which may run the pump  202  during a period of time, and then utilize the water in the storage tank  206  to run the system  208  at another period of time. 
     Alternatively, rather than utilizing a pump  202 , it will be understood that water from a water source  204  could be used to fill storage  206  if the storage is downhill from the water source. In this manner, the hydro-electric system  208  may be used to provide electric power when intermittent power is provided by the power grid  200 . 
     In addition, it is understood that that the hydro-electric system  208  may be used to provide peak shaving. For example, the storage  206  may be filled up by the water source  204  during off-peak times. During peak power usage, the storage  206  may provide water to the hydro-electric system  208  so as to reduce the amount of electricity drawn during the peak hours and may even be used to provide excess power back to the power grid. 
     While the present teachings have been described above in terms of specific embodiments, it is to be understood that they are not limited to these disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and other embodiments will come to mind to those skilled in the art to which this pertains, and which are intended to be and are covered by both this disclosure and the appended claims. It is intended that the scope of the present teachings should be determined by proper interpretation and construction of the appended claims and their legal equivalents, as understood by those of skill in the art relying upon the disclosure in this specification and the attached drawings.