Patent Publication Number: US-9889371-B1

Title: Bet spot indicator on a gaming table

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/855,777 filed on Sep. 16, 2015. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/855,777 is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/842,416 filed on Mar. 15, 2013. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/842,416 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/297,081 filed on Nov. 15, 2011. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/297,081 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/270,476 filed on Nov. 13, 2008 and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/413,633 filed on Nov. 15, 2010. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/270,476 claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/987,570 filed on Nov. 13, 2007. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/855,777, 13/842,416, 13/297,081 and 12/270,476 and U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/413,633 and 60/987,570 are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of gaming systems, and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a system and method for determining if a player has placed a bet in a bet spot on a gaming table, such as, for example, a main bet spot or a progressive or proposition bet spot. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In one embodiment, a gaming table is illustrated and described comprising a tabletop having a top surface covered by a gaming table layout. The tabletop has a plurality of player positions, each player position having an associated bet spot positioned in proximity to each player position on the top surface. The tabletop further has a light sensor associated with each bet spot and positioned beneath the gaming table layout to detect light intensity through the layout. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are positioned in proximity to and associated with each light sensor. The plurality of LEDs are located beneath the gaming table layout so as to illuminate through the material of the gaming table layout. More specifically, the LEDs are configured to illuminate through the layout when a gaming chip is detected in the bet spot, which causes a change in the light intensity detected by the light sensor associated with the bet spot because the bet spot is covered by the gaming chip. 
     In another embodiment, the gaming table further comprising a means for determining the value of the gaming chip in the bet spot, such as an antenna associated with the bet spot and an RFID reader coupled to the antenna or a camera. 
     In another embodiment, the bet spot is a progressive bet spot and the gaming table further comprises a dealer unit communicatively coupled to the light sensors and a progressive display positioned proximate the gaming table. The dealer unit is configured to transmit notifications to automatically lock and store information regarding a progressive bet placed in the progressive bet spot when the dealer unit is activated. The progressive display is operable to display a progressive jackpot value. 
     In yet another embodiment, a gaming system is illustrated and described comprising a plurality of gaming tables and a central computer communicably coupled to each gaming table. Each gaming table comprises a tabletop having a top surface covered by a gaming table layout and a plurality of player positions. Each player position has a progressive bet spot associated with each player position and is positioned in proximity to each player position on the top surface. A light sensor is associated with each progressive bet spot and is positioned beneath the gaming table layout to detect light intensity through the layout. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are associated with each light sensor. The plurality of LEDs are positioned beneath the gaming table layout in proximity to the associated light sensor to illuminate through the material of the layout. The LEDs are configured to illuminate when a gaming chip is detected in the progressive bet spot, which causes a change in the light intensity detected by the light sensor associated with the covered progressive bet spot. 
     The gaming table also has a dealer unit communicatively coupled to the light sensors. The dealer unit is configured to transmit notifications to automatically lock and store information regarding a progressive bet placed in the progressive bet spots when the dealer unit is activated. The gaming table further comprises a progressive display positioned proximate the gaming table operable to display a progressive jackpot value. In the illustrated embodiment, the gaming table further comprises an electronic system communicably coupled to the dealer unit, the at least one light sensor and the plurality of LEDs. The electronic system is operable to detect changes in light intensity at the at least one light sensor and thereafter illuminate the plurality of LEDs associated with the light sensor having a change in the light intensity. The central computer of the system is operable to perform at least one operation based on a status of the at least one light sensor. 
     In yet another embodiment, the system further comprises a keypad communicably coupled to the central computer. The keypad is positioned on the tabletop in proximity to a dealer position at the gaming table. The keypad is operable to receive a dealer command and transmit dealer command to the central computer, for example a dealer command to automatically lock and stores a progressive bet placed in the progressive bet spots when the dealer command is activated. 
     In still another embodiment, a method of indicating the presence of a player bet in a bet spot (e.g., a progressive bet spot or a proposition bet spot) is illustrated and described. Typically, a change in light intensity in proximity to a player position at a gaming table is detected. In the illustrated embodiment, the detection is typically performed via a light sensor positioned beneath a gaming table layout on the gaming table and comprises detecting the change in light intensity through the layout. At a central computer, at least one operation is performed based on a status of the at least one light sensor. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are illuminated in response to detecting a change in the light intensity at the light sensor. In the illustrated embodiment, the illumination is performed via a plurality of LEDs associated with the light sensor and positioned beneath the gaming table layout on the gaming table. The step of illuminating comprises activating the LEDs associated with the light sensor that detected the change in light intensity. 
     In yet another embodiment, a system is illustrated and described comprising at least one gaming table and a central computer. The gaming table has a tabletop with a top surface covered by a gaming table layout and a plurality of player positions. A bet spot is associated with each player position and is positioned in proximity to each player position on the top surface. At least one light sensor is positioned beneath the gaming table layout to detect light intensity at the bet spot through the layout. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is associated with each light sensor. The plurality of LEDs are positioned beneath the gaming table layout to illuminate through the layout in response to changes in light intensity at the light sensor associated with the bet spot, such as, for example, when a gaming chip covers the bet spot. The gaming table is also provided with an electronic system communicably coupled to each light sensor and the associated plurality of LEDs. The electronic system is operable to detect changes in light intensity at the light sensor and thereafter illuminate the plurality of LEDs associated with any light sensor having a change in light intensity. The central computer is operable to perform at least one operation based on a status of the at least one light sensor. 
     The foregoing and other features, utilities and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of various embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete understanding of the method and apparatus of the present invention may be obtained by reference to the following Brief Description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a plan schematic diagram of a chip or card detection system; 
         FIG. 2  is a side section view through a table top illustrating the light sensor sensing change in light energy transmitted through a table top felt on a gaming table; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a data transmission portion of the system; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a data transmission portion of the system; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a dealer keypad and a card-reading apparatus; 
         FIG. 6  provides another view of a dealer keypad; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a process for automatically checking-in a player as a guest; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a process for automatically checking-out a player from a gaming table 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of a reporting system using card and chip detection systems; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic view of a data transmission portion of the system utilizing the bet spot indicator, 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a bet spot indicator assembly having a light sensor and a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) associated therewith; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates the bet spot indicator assembly of  FIG. 11  mounted on a gaming table under a bet spot on a gaming table layout: 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a schematic diagram of progressive system utilizing a bet spot indicator on a progressive bet spot; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a process for operating a bet spot indicator, and 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic diagram of a system for both visually indicating the presence of a bet in a bet spot and determining the amount of the bet. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth, such as examples of specific shapes, components etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known components or methods have not been described in detail, but rather in general terms in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Thus, the specific details set forth are merely exemplary. The specific details may be varied from and still be contemplated to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     Reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. 
     It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. It is further contemplated within the scope of this invention that calculations can also be done mentally, manually or using processes other than electronic. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a charge coupled device (CCD) light sensor board  10 , in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. One such light sensor board  10  is associated with each player position around a gaming table, as shown and described below in greater detail. The CCD light sensor board  10  generally comprises a cadmium sulphide sensor  12  whose resistance changes in response to light, as powered from a cable  20  through a conductor  22 . The light sensor  12  pulls against a resistance  24  to create a changing voltage point, in a manner known in the art. This changing voltage point is measured using an Analog to Digital (A/D) converter  26  through a conductor  25  and calibrated continuously to detect changes in light through fabrics and changing lighting conditions. The light sensor board  10  also contains a light-emitting diode  28  which serves as a location indicator and is optically isolated from the light sensor. The entire light sensor board assembly is preferably mounted to a gaming table beneath the table-covering felt with a set of mounting holes  30 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a tabletop  40  includes a light sensor  12  mounted in a hole  14  in the tabletop. The light sensor  12  is mounted in such a way that it is substantially flush with the top surface of the tabletop. A felt layer  16  is installed over the tabletop over the light sensor. The light sensor senses changes in light entering the light sensor through the felt. When a new felt is installed, a registration pattern  18   FIG. 1 ), which is printed on the felt, is installed over the light sensor. So, when a chip or a card is placed over the sensor, or even if it just passes over the sensor, the sensor detects the change in ambient light and informs the data collection system. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates one preferred embodiment of a reporting system using the card and chip detection system of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The tabletop  40  is covered with a felt layer  16 , as previously described. A dealer&#39;s position  42  is positioned along one location beside the gaming table, while a plurality of player positions  44  are arrayed in a semi-circle along the side of the table. A sensor  12  is positioned adjacent each player position. 
     Each of the sensors  12  is coupled electronically with a processing board  46  through a connection  48 . The processing board  46  is electronically coupled to a central processing unit (CPU)  50 , possibly wirelessly, through a connection  52 . In various embodiments, the connection  52  includes a transceiver assigned to the table that receives data from the processing board  52  and transmits the data to the CPU  50 . The transceiver may be, for example, a computing device that communicates via wired Ethernet or wirelessly. In a typical embodiment, the CPU  50  is representative of a management system such as, for example, a casino management system, and may be representative of one or more physical or virtual server computers. In a typical embodiment, the CPU  50  stores for and facilitates management of a plurality of gaming tables. 
     Preferably, each of the sensors  12  is monitored continuously, so that any alteration in the state of the A/D converter  26  ( FIG. 1 ) associated with any sensor will be sensed by the processing board  46  and transmitted to the CPU and stored. This allows the proprietor to maintain an up to the minute determination of the gaming at each player position throughout the establishment, such as for example in a casino. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates another embodiment of a reporting system using the card and chip detection system of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . In particular, a gaming table  400  is illustrated. For purposes of simplicity, the sensors  12  illustrated with respect to  FIG. 3  and described above are grouped together in  FIG. 4  as a first group  60 . A second group  58  of the sensors  12  is disposed above the first group  60  and adjacent to the player positions  44 . A dealer keypad  102  and a card-reading apparatus  104  are positioned on the tabletop  40  in proximity to the dealer&#39;s position  42 . 
     The dealer keypad  102  and the card-reading apparatus  104  are electronically coupled to the central processing unit (CPU)  50  through a connection  54  and a connection  56 , respectively. In various embodiments, the connections  54  and  56  include a transceiver assigned to the table that receives and transmits data to the CPU  50 . In the case of the connection  54 , the transceiver may relay data intended for the dealer keypad  102  from the CPU  50  to the dealer keypad  102 . The transceiver may be, for example, a computing device that communicates via wired Ethernet and/or wirelessly. In various embodiments, the connections  48 ,  54 , and  56  may share a single transceiver. 
     The dealer keypad  102  and the card-reading apparatus  104  allow a dealer to practice more efficient management of players at the gaming table  400 , for example, in a casino pit. Operation of the dealer keypad  102  and the card-reading apparatus  104  will be described in greater detail with respect to  FIGS. 5-8 . 
     In a typical embodiment, the sensors  12  in the second group  58  facilitate additional bets such as proposition bets (i.e. side bets). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a proposition bet refers to a bet made regarding the occurrence or non-occurrence during a game of an event not directly affecting the game&#39;s outcome. For example, during a game of blackjack, proposition bets could be established related to which cards will be dealt (e.g., a “Lucky Ladies” proposition bet that wins only if a player is dealt the queen of hearts and the dealer receives blackjack). Numerous types of proposition bets are possible and will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     In a typical embodiment, the sensors  12  in the second group  58  may be used to determine whether a proposition bet has been placed. If one or more gaming objects (e.g., chips) are placed over any of the sensors  12  in the second group  58 , the alteration in the state of the A/D converter  26  ( FIG. 1 ) associated therewith will be sensed by the processing board  46  and transmitted to the central CPU  50  and stored. In that way, the central CPU  50  stores each proposition bet and can track proposition bets and the frequency with which particular players make proposition bets. This allows the proprietor to maintain an up to the minute determination of proposition bets at each player position throughout the establishment such as, for example, in a casino. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates the dealer keypad  102  and the card-reading apparatus  104  of  FIG. 4  in greater detail. The dealer keypad  102  includes a display  208  that may be, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD). The dealer keypad  102  additionally includes a numbered section  516  and a command section  518 . The numbered section  516  includes a plurality of numbered buttons  512   a  and a plurality of indicator lights  514   a  that are each associated with one of the numbered buttons  512   a . The command section  518  includes a plurality of command buttons  512   b  and a plurality of indicator lights  514   b  that are each associated with one of the command buttons  512   b.    
     For simplicity of reference herein, individual buttons in the plurality of numbered buttons  512   a  or the plurality of command buttons  512   b  may be referred to by a label appearing thereon (e.g., “the numbered button  512   a  labeled ‘1’” or “the command button  512   b  labeled ‘#’”). Likewise, for simplicity of reference, individual indicator lights in the plurality of indicator lights  514   a  or the plurality of indicator lights  514   b  may be individually pointed out with reference to an associated button from the plurality of numbered buttons  512   a  or the plurality of command buttons  512   b , respectively (e.g., “the indicator light  514   a  associated with the numbered button  512   a  labeled ‘1’” or “the indicator light  514   b  associated with the command button  512   b  labeled ‘#’”). Finally, for further simplicity, individual indicator lights from the plurality of indicator lights  514   a  or the plurality of indicator lights  514   b  may be individually pointed out solely with reference to a label appearing on a button with which it is associated (e.g., “the indicator light  514   a  associated with ‘1’” or “the indicator light  514   b  associated with ‘#’”). 
     In general, numbers that appear on the plurality of numbered buttons  512   a  correspond to a player position such as, for example, one of the plurality of player positions  44 . For example, with reference to  FIG. 4 , each of the plurality of player positions  44  can be assigned a position number from one to six (e.g., from left to right from the dealer&#39;s perspective). With reference to  FIG. 5 , the display  208  indicates, by way of example, that position numbers one, two, three, and five are occupied while position numbers four and six are vacant. In a typical embodiment, the dealer keypad  102  additionally represents table occupancy by causing indicator lights  514   a  associated with occupied player positions to be lit. For purposes of the example depicted in  FIG. 5 , the dealer keypad  102  lights the indicator lights  514   a  associated with the numbered buttons  512   a  labeled ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, and ‘5’. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 5 , the card-reading apparatus  104  is typically operable to accept, for example, a card having a magnetic stripe  206  disposed thereon. In a typical embodiment, the magnetic stripe  206  includes information that uniquely identifies, for example, a player. The information can be used to access biographical or historical data regarding the player. For example, in operation, the card may be oriented so that the magnetic stripe  206  faces left on the card-reading apparatus  104  and is swiped in a downward direction. 
     Exemplary functionality of the dealer keypad  102  will now be described. In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  facilitates dealer check-in functionality. Prior to a dealer being checked-in, operation of the dealer keypad  102  is typically locked. To check-in, the dealer swipes an employee card using the card-reading apparatus  104 . With reference to  FIG. 4 , the card-reading apparatus  104  transmits identification information gleaned from the employee card to the CPU  50  via the connection  56 . The central CPU  50  registers the dealer for the gaming table  400  and returns the registration to the dealer keypad  102  via the connection  54 . At the dealer keypad  102 , the indicator light  514   b  associated with the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ becomes lit. After the dealer presses the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’, the associated indicator light  514   b  turns off and the dealer&#39;s name appears on the display  208 . At that point, functionality is unlocked and the dealer is enabled to operate the dealer keypad and perform, for example, the functionality described below. 
     In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  facilitates player check-in functionality. In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  enables player check-in with or without a cash buy-in. Exemplary functionality for checking-in a player without a cash buy-in will be described first. 
     To check-in a player without a cash buy-in, the dealer swipes a player card using the card-reading apparatus  104 . With reference to  FIG. 4 , the card-reading apparatus  104  transmits identification information gleaned from the player card to the CPU  50  via the connection  56 . The CPU  50  subsequently indicates to the dealer keypad  102  that a player registration process is occurring and the dealer keypad  102  causes the indicator light  514   b  associated with the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ to become lit. At this point, the dealer presses the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ again and then presses the numbered button  512   a  labeled with a desired position number at the gaming table  400  (e.g., ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, etc.). 
     In some embodiments, a buy-in interface may appear on the display  208 . In these embodiments, the dealer presses the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ again to exit the buy-in interface. The desired position number and the buy-in amount (i.e., zero) are transmitted to the CPU  50  via the connection  54 . Then, the CPU  50  confirms the player registration and transmits a desired alias such as, for example, the player&#39;s first name, to the dealer keypad  102 . At this point, the player&#39;s alias (received from the CPU  50 ) appears on the display  208  in connection with the desired position number at the gaming table  400 . Also, the dealer keypad  102  causes the indicator light  514   a  associated with the desired position number to become lit. 
     Operation of the dealer keypad  102  to facilitate player check-in with a cash buy-in will now be described. Player check-in with a cash buy-in proceeds as described above with respect to player check-in without a cash buy-in except that the dealer does not immediately exit the buy-in interface. The buy-in interface on the display  208  allows the dealer to enter a buy-in amount as cash, chips, or marker. In a typical embodiment, the buy-in interface on the keypad  102  defaults to cash but can be toggled to chips or marker by pressing, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘*’. In a typical embodiment, the dealer toggles between cash, chips, and marker as appropriate to select the appropriate type of buy-in. 
     To simplify buy-in entry, in some embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  may utilize a multiplier such as, for example, one-hundred, so that a $200 buy-in amount could be entered by pressing the numbered button  512   a  labeled ‘2’. In these embodiments, if the buy-in amount is not compatible the multiplier (e.g., the buy-in amount is not a multiple of one-hundred), the dealer can press, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘#’ and enter the exact amount via the numbered buttons  512   a.    
     After the buy-in amount is entered, the dealer presses, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’, to indicate completion. The desired position number and the buy-in amount are transmitted to the CPU  50  via the connection  54 . Then, the CPU  50  confirms the player registration and transmits a desired alias such as, for example, the player&#39;s first name (received from the CPU  50 ), to the dealer keypad  102 . At this point, the player&#39;s alias appears on the display  208  in connection with the desired position number. Also, the dealer keypad  102  causes the indicator light  514   a  associated with the desired position number to become lit. 
     In various embodiments, the keypad  102  additionally enables the dealer to check-in a player who does not have a player card as a guest. To check-in a player who does not have a player card, the dealer presses, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’, which causes the associated indicator light  514   b  to become lit. The guest can be checked-in either with or without a buy-in as described above with respect to players with player cards. Subsequently, the keypad  102  notifies the CPU  50  of the guest&#39;s registration and transmits the guest&#39;s desired position number and any buy-in amount. Then, the CPU  50  confirms the guest registration and transmits an alias such as, for example, “guest,” to the dealer keypad  102 . At this point, the alias appears on the display  208  in connection with the guest&#39;s desired position number. Also, the indicator light  514   a  associated with the guest&#39;s desired position number becomes lit. 
     In various embodiments, the keypad  102  additionally enables the dealer to enter an average bet for players at the gaming table  400 . In a typical embodiment, the average bet is utilized, for example, to calculate player ratings for purposes of determining comps. To enter an average bet, the dealer presses, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘*’ and presses the numbered button  512   a  that is labeled with the appropriate player position number. Subsequently, the dealer enters the average bet amount via the numbered buttons  512   a  and presses, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ to indicate completion. The entered average bet amount is transmitted to the CPU  50  via the connection  54 . 
     In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  enables the dealer to perform player check-out functionality. In a typical embodiment, players (and guests) can be checked-out from the gaming table with or without a walk-with amount. If a player is being checked-out without a walk-with amount, the dealer can press, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ followed by the numbered button  512   a  labeled with the player&#39;s position number. Subsequently, the dealer keypad  102  notifies the CPU  50  and receives a confirmation from the CPU  50  that the player is checked-out. At that point, the indicator light  514   a  associated with the player&#39;s position number turns off and the player&#39;s name is removed from the display  208 . 
     If the player is being checked-out with a walk-with amount, the dealer can press, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ followed by the numbered button  512   a  labeled with the player&#39;s position number. Subsequently, the dealer enters an amount that the player is leaving the table with (i.e., a walk-with amount) using appropriate buttons from the numbered buttons  512   a . Once the walk-with amount is entered, the dealer presses, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’, and the dealer keypad  102  notifies the CPU  50 . Once the dealer keypad  102  receives confirmation from the CPU  50  that the player is checked-out, the indicator light  514   a  associated with the player&#39;s position number turns off and the player&#39;s name is removed from the display  208 . 
     In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  enables the dealer to perform lobby functionality. For example, if a player gets up to take a break (i.e. lobbying), the dealer logs the player as temporarily away by pressing, for example, the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s position number. In a typical embodiment, the indicator light  514   a  associated with the player&#39;s position number flashes to indicate that the player is lobbying. The player&#39;s status of lobbying is reported to the CPU  50 . In this manner, the player&#39;s position at a gaming table is reserved but the player is not credited for time or hands when the player is not at the gaming table. In this manner, over-comping of players based on time not spent at the gaming table can be prevented. When the player returns, the dealer can again press the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s position number and the indicator light  514   a  associated with the player&#39;s position number stops flashing. 
     In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  additionally enables the dealer to move players from one position number to another position number when, for example, a player desires to move to a different position at a gaming table. In various embodiments, the dealer can accomplish a move of the player via a three-button sequence. In particular, the dealer can press the command button  512   b  labeled ‘M’, the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s current position number, and the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s new position number. Then, the dealer keypad  102  notifies the CPU  50  of the move. Upon receipt of confirmation from the CPU  50 , the dealer keypad  102  updates the display  208  to reflect the player&#39;s name at the new position number. 
     In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  also enables the dealer to more efficiently accommodate players that are playing at more than position number. Specifically, the dealer keypad  102  permits the dealer to copy a player&#39;s information from one position number to a second position number that will be occupied by the same player. In a typical embodiment, a copy can be accomplished via a three-button sequence. In particular, the dealer can press the command button  512   b  labeled ‘C’, the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s current position number, and the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s additional position number. At that point, the dealer keypad  102  notifies the CPU  50  of the copy. Upon receipt of confirmation from the CPU  50  that the copy has been accomplished, the dealer keypad  102  updates the display  208  to show the player&#39;s name at the additional position number. 
     In various embodiments, the dealer keypad  102  further enables the dealer to input additional cash buy-in for a player. To enter additional cash buy-in, the dealer can press, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘#’ followed by the numbered button  512   a  corresponding to the player&#39;s position number. Then, the dealer keypad provides a buy-in interface to the dealer. After receiving the additional buy-in amount in a manner similar to that described above with respect to player check-in, the dealer can press, for example, the command button  512   b  labeled ‘✓’ to indicate completion. At that point, the dealer keypad  102  sends the additional buy-in amount to the CPU  50  via the connection  54 . 
       FIG. 6  provides another view of the dealer keypad  102 . For example, the display  208  illustrates a player checked-in as a guest. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a process  700  for automatically checking-in a player as a guest. In contrast to the procedures described above with respect to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the process  700  does not require data entry by a dealer. The process  700  begins at step  702 . At step  702 , a player approaches a player position such as, for example, one of the player positions  44  of  FIG. 4 . From step  702 , the process  700  proceeds to step  704 . 
     At step  704 , a gaming object is placed at the player&#39;s player position. For example, the dealer may deal one or more cards to the player&#39;s position. From step  704 , the process  700  proceeds to step  706 . At step  706 , with respect to  FIG. 4 , a sensor from the first group  60  that corresponds to the player&#39;s position detects a change in light intensity. From step  706 , the process  700  proceeds to step  708 . At step  708 , the alteration in the state of the A/D converter  26  ( FIG. 1 ) associated therewith is sensed by the processing board  46  and transmitted to the central CPU  50 . From step  708 , the process  700  proceeds to step  710 . 
     At step  710 , the CPU  50  determines whether the player&#39;s position is vacant. If not, the process  700  proceeds to step  716  and ends. Otherwise, the process  700  proceeds to step  712 . At step  712 , the CPU  50  registers a guest at the player&#39;s position at the gaming table  400 . From step  712 , the process  700  proceeds to step  714 . At step  714 , the CPU  50  transmits the guest registration to the dealer keypad  102  via the connection  54 . The dealer keypad  102  then displays the name “guest” for the number associated with the player&#39;s position. 
     In various embodiments, the process  700  provides numerous advantages over manual check-in procedures. Via automatic guest check-in, players are more easily integrated into a gaming table and can immediately begin having activities recorded that can result in comps. Furthermore, guest check-in can occur without the dealer stopping to perform a manual task. Therefore, more hands can be dealt and more money can potentially be made at a casino. Additionally, in various embodiments, via a dealer keypad such as, for example, the dealer keypad  102  of  FIG. 4 , the dealer can convert a guest to that of a registered player. Once the dealer identifies the guest as a player via, for example, a card swipe, the CPU  50  can apply the activities recorded as a guest to the registered player for purposes of potential comping. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a process  800  for automatically checking-out a player (or guest) from a gaming table. In contrast to the procedures described above with respect to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the process  800  does not require data entry by a dealer. The process  800  begins at step  802 . At step  802 , the CPU  50  identifies an idle player position. In a typical embodiment, a player position is determined to be idle if there is a player checked-in at the player position, the player is not in “lobby” as described above, and no gaming activity has occurred for a configurable period of time. For example, for a game of blackjack, it may be determined that no gaming activity has occurred if no hands have been dealt to the player position during the configurable period of time but hands have been dealt to other player positions. In various embodiments, the configurable period of time may be customized for a given establishment such as, for example, a casino. 
     From step  802 , the process  800  proceeds to step  804 . At step  804 , the CPU  50  checks-out the player from the gaming table. From step  804 , the process  800  proceeds to step  806 . At step  806 , the CPU  50  transmits check-out information to the dealer keypad  102 . At that point, the dealer keypad  102  updates the display  208  to reflect that the idle player position is now vacant. After step  806 , the process  800  ends. 
     In various embodiments, the process  800  serves to prevent potential over-comping at gaming tables. For example, until checked-out, a player who is checked-in at a gaming table (but not in “lobby”) may continue to be given credit for receiving hands at the gaming table. By checking out the player after a configurable period of time, over-comping can thereby be prevented. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates another embodiment of a reporting system using card and chip detection systems similar to those described with respect to  FIGS. 1-4 . A mini-baccarat tabletop  40   a  is covered with a felt layer  16   a , as previously described with respect to the tabletop  40  and the felt layer  16  of  FIGS. 2-4 . A dealer&#39;s position  42   a  is positioned along one side of the tabletop  40   a , while a plurality of player positions  44   a  are arrayed in a semi-circle along an opposite side the tabletop  40   a . The tabletop  40   a  additionally includes the dealer keypad  102  and the card-reading apparatus  104  adjacent to the dealer position  42   a.    
     Consistent with the game of baccarat, each of the player positions  44   a  provides a betting location for a “banker” bet and a betting location for a “player” bet. Two sensors  12  are positioned in proximity to each of the player positions  44   a  for purposes of accommodating and detecting each type of bet. 
     One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that baccarat games are often planned by junkets. Junkets serve to organize players that will play baccarat at one or more baccarat tables in casino. Casinos generally compensate junkets by offering a percentage commission that is calculated based on a total sum of money that is put at risk at the baccarat table. In other words, the more money that is bet (either banker or player), the more money the junket can garner. 
     One scam that sometimes occurs at junket-organized baccarat games involves “balanced betting.” Balanced betting in baccarat refers to a practice of betting approximately equal amounts for both player and banker. Balanced betting can be practiced by an individual player or by multiple players acting in concert. When balanced betting is practiced in concert by all players at a baccarat table, very large sums of money can be bet at greatly reduced risk due to the at least partially offsetting nature of the cumulative bets. Historically, some junkets have recruited players and organized games for the purpose of artificially driving up the total money at risk and increasing the junket&#39;s commission. As a result, casinos generally prohibit balanced betting at junket-organized baccarat games. 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , the sensors  12  operate as described with respect to  FIGS. 1-4 . Thus, although not specifically shown in  FIG. 9 , the sensors communicate with the processing board  46  and the central CPU  50  as described with respect to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . In a typical embodiment, the sensors  12  depicted in  FIG. 9  are used to determine when a banker bet or a player bet has been placed at one of the player positions  44 . 
     If one or more gaming objects (e.g., chips) are placed over any of the sensors  12  of  FIG. 9 , the alteration in the state of the A/D converter  26  ( FIG. 1 ) associated therewith will be sensed by the processing board  46  and transmitted to the central CPU  50  and stored. In that way, the central CPU  50  stores each bet and thus can determine a total number of “banker” bets and a total number of “player” bets for a hand. Therefore, the CPU  50  is operable to determine whether a potential balanced-betting situation is present. In a typical embodiment, the CPU  50  determines a potential balanced-betting situation to be present when a total number of “player” bets equals a total number of “banker” bets. If that occurs, in a typical embodiment, the CPU  50  may cause a silent alarm to be sounded or send a notification to the dealer keypad  120 . In that way, closer scrutiny may be given to the betting and gaming security may be improved. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an embodiment of a bet spot indicator utilizing a bet spot indicator having a light sensor and a plurality of light emitting diodes, which are illustrated and described with respect to  FIG. 11 . In particular, a gaming table  900  is illustrated. For purposes of illustration, the sensors  12  illustrated with respect to  FIG. 3  and described above are grouped together in  FIG. 10  as a first group  60 . A second group  58  of the sensors  12  is disposed above the first group  60  and adjacent to the player positions  44 . A bet spot indicator assembly  950  illustrated with respect to  FIG. 11  and described below are grouped together in  FIG. 10  as third group  62  of bet spot indicators  950 . For purposes of illustration,  FIG. 10  shows the third group  62  as a group of progressive bet spots. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, in addition to a progressive bet spot, bet spot indicator assembly  950  may be used with any bet spot on the table layout on a gaming table, such as, for example, a blackjack bet, a pai gow bet, and a proposition bet to name a few non-limiting examples. A dealer keypad  102  and a card-reading apparatus  104  are positioned on the tabletop  900  in proximity to the dealer&#39;s position  42 . 
     The dealer keypad  102  and the card-reading apparatus  104  are electronically coupled to the central processing unit (CPU)  50  through a connection  54  and a connection  56 , respectively. In various embodiments, the connections  54  and  56  include a transceiver assigned to the table that receives and transmits data to the CPU  50 . In the case of the connection  54 , the transceiver may relay data intended for the dealer keypad  102  from the CPU  50  to the dealer keypad  102 . The transceiver may be, for example, a computing device that communicates via wired Ethernet and/or wirelessly. In various embodiments, the connections  48 ,  54 , and  56  may share a single transceiver. 
     In a typical embodiment, the bet spot indicator  950  in the third group  62  may be used to indicate whether a bet has been placed in the bet spot. If one or more gaming objects (e.g., chips) are placed over any of the bet spot indicator  950  in the third group  62 , the alteration in the state of the A/D converter (not shown) associated therewith will be sensed by the processing board  46  and transmitted to the central CPU  50  for processing. For example, the CPU  50  may send an instruction to bet spot indicator assemblies  950  to illuminate the plurality of LEDs associated with the light sensor on the assembly  950  in response to a change in the light intensity so as to indicate a bet placed in the associated bet spot. In that way, the dealer and player may receive immediate visual feedback that a bet, such as a progressive or proposition bet, is placed in the bet spot. 
     Each of the bet spot indicator assemblies  950  is coupled electronically with a processing board  46  through a connection  901 . The processing board  46  is electronically coupled to a central processing unit (CPU)  50 , possibly wirelessly, through a connection  52 . In various embodiments, the connection  52  includes a transceiver assigned to the table that receives data from the processing board  46  and transmits the data to the CPU  50 . The transceiver may be, for example, a computing device that communicates via wired Ethernet or wirelessly. In a typical embodiment, the CPU  50  is representative of a management system such as, for example, a casino management system, and may be representative of one or more physical or virtual server computers. In a typical embodiment, the CPU  50  stores for and facilitates management of a plurality of gaming tables. 
     Processing board  46  may be operable to detect changes in light intensity at the light sensors and illuminate the plurality of LEDs of the bet spot indicator assembly  950 . In another embodiment, CPU  50  instructs processing board  46  to illuminate the LEDs associated with the light sensor detecting the change in light intensity. In another embodiment, the CPU  50  is operable to perform at least one operation based on a status of the light sensors transmitted to the CPU by the processing board  46 . One example of an operation is illuminating the LEDs associated with the light sensor that detects a change in light intensity. 
     Preferably, each of the bet spot indicator assemblies  950  is monitored continuously, so that any alteration in the state of the A/D converter associated with any bet spot indicator will be sensed by the processing board  46  and transmitted to the CPU for processing. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates one embodiment of a bet spot indicator assembly  950 . In the illustrated embodiment, bet spot indicator assembly  950  generally comprises a cadmium sulphide sensor  960  whose resistance changes in response to light, as powered from a cable through a conductor (not shown). The light sensor  960  pulls against a resistance to create a changing voltage point, in a manner known in the art. This changing voltage point is measured using an Analog to Digital (A/D) converter (not shown) through a conductor and calibrated continuously to detect changes in light through fabrics and changing lighting conditions. The bet spot indicator assembly  950  also contains a plurality of light-emitting diodes  955 , which serves as a bet spot indicator and is optically isolated from the light sensor. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the bet spot indicator assembly  950  is preferably mounted to a gaming table beneath a bet spot  14  associated with a gaming table layout. 
       FIG. 13  shows a typical progressive system  903 . Each gaming table (not shown) in progressive system  903  is constructed to have a control unit  908 , a plurality of bet spot indicator assemblies  950  associated with each progressive bet spot on the table, a dealer control unit  985  and a progressive display  975 . As shown, the PTC unit  980  (e.g., electronic system) of each gaming table is coupled to a central CPU  970  through a connection  970 , which may be hard wired or wireless. The operation of the progressive jackpot may be administered by the central CPU  970 , or alternatively by a separate process running on computer  990  coupled to the progressive displays  975  over connection  991 , which may be hard wired or wireless. If CPU  970  administers the progressive jackpot of the system, the progressive jackpot value is stored and updated by CPU  970 . 
     Dealer control unit  985  may be configured to receive information related to the bets in the progressive area at each player position at the gaming table and transmit the information to the computer  970 . Control unit  985  may then receive confirmation from the computer  970  that the progressive jackpot has been incremented by a predetermined amount based upon the number of player positions placing a progressive bet in the progressive bet spots and update display  975  responsive to the received confirmation. 
     CPU  970  may be configured to receive information related to a change in light intensity at a light sensor associated with bet spot indicator assembly  950 , determine whether a bet spot is covered, and, responsive to a determination that the bet spot is covered, transmit an instruction to the PTC unit  980  to illuminate the plurality of LEDs associated with the light sensor having a change in the light intensity to indicate a bet placed in the progressive bet spot. CPU  970  may also be configured to transmit a notification to increment the progressive jackpot value associated with the progressive system  903 . 
     Continuing with system  903 , each gaming table comprises a dealer control unit  985  communicatively coupled to the bet spot indicator assembly  950 . In operation, the dealer control unit  985  is configured to transmit notifications to automatically lock and store information regarding a progressive bet placed in the progressive bet spot when the dealer unit is activated. Progressive display  975 , such as an LCD display, is positioned proximate the gaming table. In operation, the progressive display  975  displays a progressive jackpot value. In one embodiment, the progressive jackpot value is automatically updated by a predetermined amount when a gaming chip is detected in the progressive bet spot by the bet spot indicator assembly  950  when the dealer control unit  950  is activated to lock the progressive bets. 
     In operation, a light sensor is positioned proximate a player location on the table top designated for the placement of a progressive bet associated with each player position. If a bet is detected, the plurality of LEDs associated with the at least one light sensor illuminate to indicate a bet has been placed in the location designated for the placement of a progressive bet. Typically, the LEDs are arranged beneath the gaming table layout to surround the location designated for the placement of progressive bets and the LEDs illuminate in a unique pattern. 
     Alternatively, a light sensor may be positioned proximate a location on the table top designated for the placement of a proposition bet associated with each player position. In such a case, the plurality of LEDs associated with the at least one light sensor illuminate to indicate a bet placed in the location designated for the placement of a proposition bet. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates one embodiment of a method of visually indicating the presence of a bet in a bet spot. At operation  1000 , a change in light intensity is detected via a light sensor on bet spot indicator assembly  950  positioned beneath a gaming table layout on the gaming table in proximity to a player position at a gaming table. The change in light intensity is detected through the layout. Either the CPU or the PTC unit processes the change in light intensity. In response, a notification is transmitted to the bet spot indicator assembly  950  to illuminate a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned beneath the gaming table layout on the gaming table and associated with the light sensor in response to detecting a change in the light intensity at the light sensor. 
       FIG. 15  shows a typical system  1100  for determining the value of the gaming chip(s) in the bet spot  1101  once a card is dealt to a player. The illustrated system  1100  generally comprises a sensor assembly  1102  configured to determine if a playing card has been dealt to the player occupying the player position associated with bet spot  1101 . Sensor assembly  1102  generally comprises a light sensor board  1105  having a cadmium sulphide sensor  1110  whose resistance changes in response to light. Sensor assembly  1102  is communicatively coupled to a control device  1125 , possibly wirelessly, through a connection  1126 . In addition, the illustrated system  1100  comprises an RFID antenna  1120  surrounding bet spot  1101  and an RFID reader  1125  configured to communicate with the antenna  1120  to determine the amount of the bet in bet spot  1101  using RFID enabled gaming chips (not shown). RFID antenna  1120  is communicatively coupled to an RFID reader  1130  through a connection  1131 . In the illustrated embodiment, PTC  1125  and RFID reader  1130  are communicatively coupled to a CPU  1135  over connection  1136  and connection  1137  respectively. PTC  1125  and RFID reader  1130  may exchange information and instructions with CPU  1135 , such as a notification of a change in light intensity at sensor assembly  1102  or a determination of the amount associated with the gaming chips placed in bet spot  1101 . 
     In operation, the system is able to record the amount of the player&#39;s bet found in bet spot  1101  once the sensor assembly  1102  detects the presence of a playing card (indicating the player has been dealt a hand), which triggers the combination of the antenna  1120  and RFID reader determine the amount of the bet in bet spot  1102 . More specifically, the playing card is dealt to a player near the player&#39;s bet spot  1101 , and therefore covers the cadmium sulphide sensor associated with sensor assembly  1102 . The combination of the processing board  1125  and CPU  1135  detect the presence of the card, and thereafter the CPU  1135  triggers the RFID reader  1130  to read the RFID enabled gaming chips found in bet spot  1101 . Such an operation allows a casino to track a player&#39;s bet amounts more accurately. 
     In another embodiment, the value of the progressive jackpot in progressive system  903  may be increased by a predetermined percentage of the value of the RFID enabled gaming chip(s) read in bet spot  1101 . 
     While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.