Patent Publication Number: US-9851833-B2

Title: Integration circuit, touch interaction sensing apparatus, and touchscreen apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0068235 filed on Jun. 5, 2014, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to an integration circuit, a touch interaction sensing apparatus, and a touchscreen apparatus. 
     A capacitive-type touchscreen may include a plurality of electrodes having a predetermined pattern and defining a plurality of nodes in which changes in capacitance are generated by touch interactions. In such a plurality of nodes distributed on a two-dimensional plane, changes in self-capacitance or in mutual-capacitance are generated by touch interactions. Coordinates of such touch interactions may be calculated by applying a weighted average calculation method, or the like, to the changes in the capacitance generated in the plurality of nodes. 
     In accordance with the growing number of mobile devices having relatively large screens, the sizes of touchscreens have increased, such that amounts of electrodes provided in touchscreens have accordingly increased. In the case in which the number of electrodes provided in touchscreens is increased, the number of capacitance detecting circuits respectively connected to the electrodes may be increased accordingly, such that power consumption may also be increased. 
     RELATED ART DOCUMENT 
     
         
         (Patent Document 1) Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2007-0017048 
       
    
     SUMMARY 
     An exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure may provide an integration circuit, a touch interaction sensing apparatus, and a touchscreen apparatus capable of solving a problem of an increase in power consumption. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure, an integration circuit may include a plurality of switches, at least one operational amplifier, and at least one feedback capacitor, sequentially transfer electrical charges charged in a node capacitor to the feedback capacitor, and integrate the electrical charges, wherein the operational amplifier is synchronized with a clock signal applied to at least one of the plurality of switches to thereby be operated in one of a normal mode and a low power mode. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure, a touch interaction sensing apparatus may include: a driving signal generating circuit applying a driving signal to a node capacitor; and an integration circuit integrating electrical charges charged in the node capacitor to generate a voltage signal, wherein the integration circuit is operated in a low power mode in a time section in which the electrical charges are charged in the node capacitor. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure, a touchscreen apparatus may include: a panel unit including a plurality of first electrodes extended in a first direction and a plurality of second electrodes extended in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a driving circuit unit applying driving signals to the plurality of first electrodes; and a sensing circuit unit connected to the plurality of second electrodes to detect capacitance formed in intersection points between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes, wherein the sensing circuit unit includes a plurality of integration circuits each connected to the plurality of second electrodes, each of the plurality of integration circuits including a plurality of switches, at least one operational amplifier, and at least one feedback capacitor and integrating capacitance, and the operational amplifier being operated in one of a normal mode and a low power mode. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating an exterior of an electronic device including a touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a view illustrating a panel unit included in the touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the panel unit included in the touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a view illustrating the touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a view illustrating an integration circuit used in a touch interaction sensing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a view illustrating clock signals applied to respective first to third switches included in the integration circuit according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of an operational amplifier of the touch interaction sensing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a view illustrating a driving signal generating circuit used in the touch interaction sensing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 9  is a view illustrating clock signals applied to respective fourth and fifth switches included in the driving signal generating circuit according to an exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     The disclosure may, however, be exemplified in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. 
     In the drawings, the shapes and dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for clarity, and the same reference numerals will be used throughout to designate the same or like elements. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating an exterior of an electronic device including a touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , an electronic device  100  according to the present exemplary embodiment may include a display apparatus  110  for displaying an image, an input unit  120 , an audio unit  130  for outputting audio, and a touchscreen apparatus (not illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) integrated with the display apparatus  110 . 
     The touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a panel unit including a substrate and a plurality of electrodes formed on the substrate. In addition, the touchscreen apparatus may include a touch interaction sensing apparatus including a capacitance sensing circuit detecting changes in capacitance generated in the plurality of electrodes, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit converting an output signal of the capacitance sensing circuit into a digital value, a calculating circuit judging a touch interaction using data converted into the digital value, and the like. A detailed description thereof will be provided below with reference to  FIGS. 2 through 8 . 
       FIG. 2  is a view illustrating a panel unit included in the touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a panel unit  200  according to the present exemplary embodiment may include a substrate  210  and a plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  formed on the substrate  210 . Although not illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  may be electrically connected to wiring patterns of a circuit board attached to one end of the substrate  210  through wirings and bonding pads, respectively. Here, a controller integrated circuit may be mounted on the circuit board to detect sensed signals generated in the plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  and detect a touch interaction from the sensed signals. 
     The substrate  210  may be formed of a material such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a polycarbonate (PC) film, a polyethersulfone (PES) film, a polyimide (PI) film, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film, a cyclo-olefin polymers (COP) film, a soda glass, or a tempered glass to have high light transmittance. 
     The plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  may be formed on one surface or both surfaces of the substrate  210 . The plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  have rhombus or diamond shaped patterns as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , but may also have various polygonal patterns such as rectangular patterns, triangular patterns, or the like. The plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  may be formed of a material such as an indium tin oxide (ITO), an indium zinc oxide (IZO), a zinc oxide (ZnO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), or a graphene having electrical conductivity, or may be formed of any one of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and copper (Cu), or alloys thereof. 
     The plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  may include first electrodes  220  extended in an X axis direction and second electrodes  230  extended in a Y axis direction. The first electrodes  220  and the second electrodes  230  may be formed on both surfaces of the substrate  210 , respectively, or be formed on different substrates  210 , respectively, and intersect each other. In the case in which both of the first electrodes  220  and the second electrodes  230  are formed on one surface of the substrate  210 , predetermined insulating layers may be partially formed in intersection points between the first electrodes  220  and the second electrodes  230 . 
     In addition, on the substrate  210 , a predetermined printing region (not illustrated) for visually shielding the wirings generally formed of an opaque metal may be formed in a region in which the wirings connected to the plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  are formed, except for on the plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  themselves. 
     A touch interaction sensing apparatus (not illustrated) electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  may provide driving signals to the first electrodes  220  through channels defined as D 1  to D 8  and may be connected to channels defined as S 1  to S 8  to detect capacitance. Here, a touch interaction may be detected depending on changes in capacitance generated in intersection points between the first and second electrodes  220  and  230 . 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the panel unit included in the touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the panel unit  200  illustrated in  FIG. 2 , cut in a Y-Z direction. The panel unit  200  illustrated in  FIG. 3  may include a cover panel  240  to which a touch interaction is applied, in addition to the substrate  210  and the plurality of electrodes  220  and  230  as described above with respect to  FIG. 2 . The cover panel  240  may be provided on the second electrode  230  used to detect capacitance. 
     When the driving signals are applied to the first electrodes  220  through the channels D 1  to D 8 , capacitance may be generated between the first electrodes  220  to which the driving signals are applied and the second electrodes  230 . 
     When a touch object  250  touches the cover panel  240 , changes in capacitance may occur in nodes of the first and second electrodes  220  and  230  corresponding to a touch region. The changes in capacitance may be proportionate to an area of the touch object  250 . In  FIG. 3 , capacitance generated between the first electrode  220  and the second electrode  230  connected to the channel D 2  and the channel D 3 , respectively, may be affected by the touch object  250 . 
       FIG. 4  is a view illustrating the touchscreen apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to  FIG. 4 , the touchscreen apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment may include the panel unit  200  and a touch interaction sensing apparatus  300 . 
     As described above, the panel unit  200  may include the substrate (not illustrated), a plurality of first electrodes  220  extended in a first axial direction, that is, a horizontal direction of  FIG. 4 , and a plurality of second electrodes  230  extended in a second axial direction, that is, a vertical direction of  FIG. 4 , intersecting the first axial direction. Capacitance may be generated in intersection points between the plurality of first electrodes  220  and the plurality of second electrodes  230 , and node capacitors C 11  to Cmn illustrated in  FIG. 4  are used to show capacitance generated in the intersection points between the plurality of first electrodes  220  and the plurality of second electrodes  230  as capacitor components. 
     The touch interaction sensing apparatus  300  may include a driving circuit unit  310 , a sensing circuit unit  320 , a signal converting unit  330 , and a calculating unit  340 . Here, the driving circuit unit  310 , the sensing circuit unit  320 , the signal converting unit  330 , and the calculating unit  340  may be implemented as a single integrated circuit (IC). 
     The driving circuit unit  310  may include one or more driving signal generating circuits  315  to apply a predetermined driving signal to the plurality of first electrodes  220  of the panel unit  200 . The driving signal may be a square wave signal, a sine wave signal, a triangle wave signal, or the like, having a predetermined period and amplitude. Although the case in which the driving signal generating circuits  315  are individually connected to the plurality of first electrodes  220 , respectively, is illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the driving circuit unit  310  may include a single driving signal generating circuit  315  and apply the driving signal to the plurality of first electrodes  220 , respectively, using a switching circuit. 
     The driving circuit unit  310  may sequentially apply the driving signals to each of the plurality of first electrodes  220 . In addition, the driving circuit unit  310  may be operated in a scheme of simultaneously applying the driving signals to the plurality of first electrodes  220  or selectively applying the driving signals to only some of the plurality of first electrodes  220  to simply sense whether or not a touch interaction is occurring. 
     The sensing circuit unit  320  may detect capacitance of the node capacitors C 11  to Cmn from the plurality of second electrodes  230 . The sensing circuit unit  320  may include a plurality of integration circuits  325  each including at least one operational amplifier and at least one capacitor, wherein the plurality of integration circuits  325  may be connected to the plurality of second electrodes  220 , respectively. 
     The plurality of integration circuits  325  may convert capacitance of the node capacitors C 11  to Cmn into a voltage signal to output an analog signal. As an example, the plurality of integration circuits  325  may integrate capacitance to change capacitance into a predetermined voltage and output the voltage. 
     In the case in which the driving signals are sequentially applied to the plurality of first electrodes  220 , since capacitance may be simultaneously detected from the plurality of second electrodes  230 , the number of integration circuits  325  may correspond to that of the second electrodes  230 . 
     The signal converting unit  330  may generate a digital signal S D  from the analog signal output from the sensing circuit unit  320 . As an example, the signal converting unit  330  may include a time-to-digital converter (TDC) circuit measuring a time in which the analog signal output in a voltage form by the sensing circuit unit  320  reaches a predetermined reference voltage level and converting the measured time into the digital signal S D , or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit measuring an amount by which a level of the analog signal output from the sensing circuit unit  320  is changed for a predetermined time and converting the measured amount into the digital signal S D . 
     The calculating unit  340  may detect the touch interaction applied to the panel unit  200  using the digital signal S D . The calculating unit  340  may detect the number, coordinates, gesture operations, or the like, of touch interactions applied to the panel unit  200  using the digital signal S D . 
     The digital signal S D , a base on which the calculating unit  340  detects the touch interaction, may be numerical value data generated by changes in capacitance occurring the node capacitors C 11  to Cmn, in particular, data indicating a difference between capacitance in the case in which the touch interaction does not occur and in the case in which the touch interaction occurs. Generally, in a capacitive-type touchscreen apparatus, since capacitance is decreased in a region that is touched by a conductive material as compared with a region that is not touched, a change in capacitance in the region that is touched by the conductive material may be greater than a change in capacitance in the region that is not touched. 
       FIG. 5  is a view illustrating an integration circuit  325  used in a touch interaction sensing apparatus  300  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. A node capacitor Cm illustrated in  FIG. 5 , which corresponds to the node capacitors C 11  to Cmn described with reference to  FIG. 4 , is used to show capacitance generated in the panel unit  200  of  FIG. 4  as a capacitor component. Although not illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the driving signal generating circuit may be disposed on the other side of the integration circuit  325  based on the node capacitor Cm. 
     The integration circuit  325  may include a first switch SW 1 , a second switch SW 2 , a third switch SW 3 , a feedback capacitor CF, and an operational amplifier OPA. The first switch SW 1  may be disposed between the other end of the node capacitor Cm and a common voltage VCM terminal, and the second switch SW 2  may be disposed between the other end of the node capacitor Cm and an inverting terminal of the operational amplifier OPA. The third switch SW 3  may be disposed between the inverting terminal of the operational amplifier OPA and an output terminal, and the feedback capacitor CF may be connected to the third switch SW 3  in parallel. A non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier OPA may be connected to the common voltage VCM terminal, and the driving signal generating circuit  315  may be disposed on the other side of the node capacitor Cm. 
       FIG. 6  is a view illustrating clock signals applied to respective first to third switches SW 1  to SW 3  included in the integration circuit  325  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. A first clock signal CLK 1  may be applied to the first switch SW 1 , a second clock signal CLK 2  may be applied to the second switch SW 2 , and a third clock signal CLK 3  may be applied to the third switch SW 3 . The first to third switches SW 1  to SW 3  may be turned on in the case in which the first to third clock signals CLK 1  to CLK 3  applied to the first to third switches SW 1  to SW 3 , respectively, are at a high level, and may be turned off in the case in which the first to third clock signals CLK 1  to CLK 3  applied to the first to third switches SW 1  to SW 3 , respectively, are at a low level. 
     The first and second switches SW 1  and SW 2  may alternately perform switching operations depending on the first and second clock signals CLK 1  and CLK 2 . Accordingly, electrical charges charged in the node capacitor Cm may be transferred to the feedback capacitor CF and be sequentially integrated. As an example, the clock signals CLK 1  and CLK 2  applied to the first and second switches SW 1  and SW 2 , respectively, may have a phase difference of 180 degrees therebetween. 
     The third switch SW 3  disposed in parallel to the feedback capacitor CF may be turned on in the case in which the electrical charges charged in the node capacitor Cm are transferred to the feedback capacitor CF by a preset number and are integrated. In the case in which the third switch SW 3  is turned on, the electrical charges charged in the feedback capacitor CF may be discharged. 
     According to the present exemplary embodiment, the operational amplifier OPA included in the integration circuit  325  may be synchronized with at least one of the clock signals CLK 1  to CLK 3  applied to the first to third switches SW 1  to SW 3 , respectively, to thereby be operated in a low power mode and a normal mode. 
     In a time section in which the electrical charges are charged in the node capacitor Cm, the operational amplifier OPA may only performs a function of maintaining a level of a voltage Vout of the output terminal. Accordingly, the operational amplifier may be operated in the low power mode. In the time section in which the electrical charges are charged in the node capacitor Cm, the first switch SW 1  may be turned on. 
     In a time section in which the electrical charges are charged in the feedback capacitor CF, the operational amplifier OPA needs to sufficiently transfer the electrical charges charged in the node capacitor Cm to the feedback capacitor CF. Accordingly, the operational amplifier OPA may be operated in the normal mode. In this case, the second switch SW 2  may be turned on. Accordingly, the electrical charges charged in the node capacitor Cm may be integrated. 
     In addition, in a time section in which the electrical charges charged in the feedback capacitor CF are discharged, the operational amplifier OPA needs to rapidly discharge the electrical charges charged in the feedback capacitor CF. Accordingly, the operational amplifier may be operated in the normal mode. In this case, the third switch SW 3  may be turned on. Accordingly, the electrical charges integrated by the integration circuit  325  may be discharged. 
     The integration circuit  325  illustrated in  FIG. 5  is only an example of an integration circuit according to the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. That is, in all cases in which the operational amplifier is operated in the normal mode in the time section in which the electrical charges are charged in at least one feedback capacitor included in the integration circuit and the time section in which the electrical charges are discharged from the feedback capacitor and is operated in the low power mode in other time sections, for example, the time section in which the electrical charges in the node capacitor, regardless of a configuration, disposition, and the number of elements of the integration circuit, may fall within the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 7  is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of an operational amplifier OPA that may be used in the integration circuit  325  of the touch interaction sensing apparatus  300  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In  FIG. 7 , Vinp may indicate a voltage signal applied to a non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier OPA, and Vinn may indicate a voltage signal applied to an inverting terminal of the operational amplifier OPA. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an example in which an operational amplifier that may be designed in various schemes is partially modified in order to be operated in the low power mode and the normal mode. Referring to  FIG. 7 , it may be appreciated that transistors M 1 s, M 3 , and M 2  are added to a circuit of a generally used operational amplifier. 
     Hereinafter, a detailed description of a general operational amplifier will be omitted, and configurations for operating the operational amplifier in the low power mode and the normal mode will mainly be described. 
     A current I 4  flowing to a transistor M 4  may be mirrored by transistors M 5  to M 7  and used in each element. That is, an amount of a current used in an entire operational amplifier may be determined by the current I 4 . 
     According to the present exemplary embodiment, an amount of the current I 4  flowing to the transistor M 4  may be controlled depending on a signal q applied to gates of the transistors M 2  and M 3  to decrease an amount of power consumed in the entire operational amplifier. 
     The signal q applied to the gates of the transistors M 2  and M 3  may be in a low level in a section in which the first clock signal CLK 1  has a low level and may have a high level in a section in which one of the second and third clock signals CLK 2  and CLK 3  is in the high level. 
     In the normal mode, the signal q applied to the gates of the transistors M 2  and M 3  may be in the low level. Accordingly, the transistors M 2  and M 3  may be turned off. In this case, the current I 4  flowing in the transistor M 4  may be represented by the following Mathematical Equation 1. In Mathematical Equation 1, W and L indicate a width and a length of transistors, respectively. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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                             L 
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                             W 
                             1 
                           
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                             L 
                             1 
                           
                         
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                     Iref 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
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                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     Equation 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     1 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In the low power mode, the signal q applied to the gates of the transistors M 2  and M 3  may be in the high level. Accordingly, the transistors M 2  and M 3  may be turned on. In this case, the current I 4  flowing to the transistor M 4  may be represented by the following Mathematical Equation 2. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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                   [ 
                   
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     Referring to Mathematical Equations 1 and 2, it may be confirmed that the amount of the current flowing to the transistor M 4  is decreased by the transistor M 1 s. Accordingly, the amount of the power consumed in the entire operational amplifier may be decreased. 
       FIG. 8  is a view illustrating a driving signal generating circuit  315  used in the touch interaction sensing apparatus  300  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As described above, a node capacitor Cm illustrated in  FIG. 8 , which corresponds to the node capacitors C 11  to Cmn described with reference to  FIG. 4 , is used to show capacitance generated in the panel unit  200  of  FIG. 4  as a capacitor component. Although not illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the integration circuit may be disposed at the other side of the driving signal generating circuit  315  based on the node capacitor Cm. 
     The driving signal generating circuit  315  may include a fourth switch SW 4  disposed between a driving voltage VDD terminal and one end of the node capacitor Cm and a fifth switch SW 5  disposed between one end of the node capacitor Cm and a common voltage VCM terminal, and the integration circuit  325  may be disposed on the other side of the node capacitor Cm. The common voltage VCM may generally have an intermediate level of the driving voltage VDD, but is not limited thereto. That is, the common voltage may have a ground (GND) level or a preset level. 
       FIG. 9  is a view illustrating clock signals applied to respective fourth and fifth switches SW 4  and SW 5  included in the driving signal generating circuit  315  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Here, a fourth clock signal CLK may be applied to the fourth switch SW 4 , and a fifth clock signal CLK 5  may be applied to the fifth switch SW 5 . In the case in which the fourth and fifth clock signals CLK 4  and CLK 5  are in a high level, the fourth and fifth switches SW 4  and SW 5  may be turned on, and in the case in which the fourth and fifth clock signals CLK 4  and CLK 5  are in a low level, the fourth and fifth switches SW 4  and SW 5  may be turned off. 
     The fourth and fifth switches SW 4  and SW 5  of the driving signal generating circuit  315  may alternately perform switching operations depending on the fourth and fifth clock signals CLK 4  and CLK 5  to generate predetermined driving signals. As an example, the fourth and fifth clock signals CLK 4  and CLK 5  applied to the fourth and fifth switches SW 4  and SW 5 , respectively, may have a phase difference of 180 degrees therebetween. 
     Here, the fourth clock CLK 4  applied to the fourth switch SW 4  may be the same as the first clock signal CLK 1  applied to the first switch SW 1  of  FIG. 5 , and the fifth clock signal CLK 5  applied to the fifth switch SW 5  may be the same as the second clock signal CLK 2  applied to the second switch SW 2  of  FIG. 5 . 
     As set forth above, the integration circuit, the touch interaction sensing apparatus and the touchscreen apparatus, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, may decrease power consumption. 
     While exemplary embodiments have been shown and described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations could be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.