Patent Publication Number: US-11033948-B2

Title: Forming multi-tool

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This application is directed to assemblies for punch forming operations, and related machine tool and die systems and methods. Applications include, but are not limited to, multi-tool and multi-die carrier assemblies configured for selective actuation of individual tools and dies, respectively. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In the fabrication of sheet metal and other workpieces, automated machinery may be employed, including turret presses and other industrial presses. Turret presses typically have an upper turret that holds a series of punches at locations spaced circumferentially about its periphery, and a lower turret that holds a series of dies at locations spaced circumferentially about its periphery. The press can be rotated about a vertical axis to bring a desired punch and die set into vertical alignment at a work station. By appropriately rotating the upper and lower turrets, an operator can bring a number of different punch and die sets sequentially into alignment at the work station in the process of performing a series of different pressing operations. Turret press multi-tools thus expand press operations by providing a variety of tools in a single assembly, analogous to a turret within a turret. 
     Multi-tools for turret presses advantageously allow a plurality of different tools to be available at a single tool-mount location on the press. Thus, in place of a tool with only one punch, there can be provided a multi-tool carrying a number of different punches. With such a multi-tool, any one of a plurality of punches carried by the multi-tool can be selected and moved to an operable position. When a multi-tool punch assembly is struck from above by the punch press ram, a single, selected punch element or punch insert within the assembly is driven downwardly through the workpiece to perform the punching operation, while the other punches (those not selected) remain inactive. When released, the punch insert is retracted by a spring or similar component provided in the multi-tool punch assembly. Different multi-tool designs employ different mechanisms in the punch press and the multi-tool to select one pair of complementary tools for a given operation, while the other tools remain inactive. Most preexisting mechanisms simply do not connect the unselected punches with movement of the press ram. 
     Piercing in a multi-tool is very common, but preexisting multi-tool assemblies often lack multiple forming dies due to concerns that additional forming dies could interfere with a workpiece due to the close proximity of the dies and protrusion of each die up toward the workpiece. Accordingly, adding multiple forming dies, e.g., positioned below a workpiece, would be desirable. Adding forming tools, e.g., punches, to preexisting multi-tool assemblies in a manner that better facilitates interchangeability between individual tools would also be desirable. Selecting individual tools via a locking or latching mechanism, for example similar to the locking mechanism described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,671,354 (Enrique), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, would also be desirable for improved ease of use. 
     SUMMARY 
     Multi-tool assemblies include multiple forming dies and multiple punches. A multi-die assembly is configured to provide automated displacement of individual forming dies by selectively elevating and/or supporting each die, one at a time, to a useful height for forming operations, while the other, unselected dies are lowered or retracted, thereby protecting the workpiece from unwanted damage. When no die from the multi-tool is needed for a punching operation, the multi-tool could be such that all dies are in the down inactive position to avoid any unnecessary sheet marking. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is as isometric view of a multi-tool punch assembly in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is an isometric view of a multi-die carrier assembly containing three dies in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a section view of a multi-tool punch assembly in a relaxed configuration. 
         FIG. 4  is a section view of the multi-tool punch assembly of  FIG. 3  in an active configuration. 
         FIG. 5  is an isometric view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 2  containing no dies. 
         FIG. 6  is a plan view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 7  is a section view of the multi-die carrier assembly taken along line B-B of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 8  is a section view of the multi-die carrier assembly taken along line A-A of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 9  is an isometric view of a cam base. 
         FIG. 10  is a section view of a multi-die carrier assembly in a locked configuration. 
         FIG. 11  is a section view of a multi-die carrier assembly in an unlocked configuration. 
         FIG. 12  is a section view of a multi-die carrier assembly mounted in a press apparatus in a locked configuration. 
         FIG. 13  is a section view of the multi-die carrier assembly in the press apparatus of  FIG. 12  in an unlocked configuration. 
         FIG. 14  is an isometric view of the multi-die carrier assembly and press apparatus shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13  before rotation of the multi-die carrier base. 
         FIG. 15  is an isometric view of the multi-die carrier assembly and press apparatus shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13  after rotation of the multi-die carrier base. 
         FIG. 16A  is a plan view of a forming die and a slidable puck configured to effect selection and elevation of the die responsive to movement of a shot pin. 
         FIG. 16B  is a side view of the forming die, slidable puck and shot pin of  FIG. 16A . 
         FIG. 16C  is an isometric view of the forming die, slidable puck and shot pin of  FIG. 16A . 
         FIG. 17A  is a section view of a multi-die carrier assembly having a bistable mechanism for die selection. 
         FIG. 17B  is another section view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 17A . 
         FIG. 17C  is an isometric view of a bistable latch component. 
         FIG. 17D  is an isometric view of a slidable cam component. 
         FIG. 17E  is an isometric view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 17A . 
         FIG. 18  is an isometric view of a multi-die carrier assembly comprising latch mechanisms for die selection. 
         FIG. 19A  is an isometric, partially cut-away view showing internal components of a multi-die carrier assembly configured to selectively actuate individual dies using a machine fork component in conjunction with a cam ramp in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 19B  is a section view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 19A , showing a die in an operational position. 
         FIG. 19C  is another section view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 19A  after rotation of the dies therein. 
         FIG. 19D  is an isometric view of a die sleeve configured for coupling with a die in accordance with principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 20A  is an isometric view of a multi-die carrier assembly configured to selectively actuate individual dies using a mechanical rotator. 
         FIG. 20B  is a section view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 20A , showing a die in a non-operational position. 
         FIG. 20C  is an isometric view of the multi-die carrier assembly of  FIG. 20A  without a rotatable die carrier and any forming dies. 
         FIG. 21  is a section view of a multi-die carrier assembly configured to selectively actuate individual dies using a mechanical rotator. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a multi-tool assembly  100 , which may also be referred to as a forming punch tool assembly or upper assembly. As shown, multi-tool assembly  100  includes three punch stations  102 ,  104 ,  106  coupled with a punch guide body  108 . Each punch station can include a uniquely sized and/or shaped forming punch tool. The punch guide body  108  is attached to a punch carrier  110  and an upper portion or cap  112  of a striker body. The striker body may be generally cylindrical in shape, with a wider diameter defining the cap  112 , which in some examples forms the top face of multi-tool assembly  100 . A narrower portion of the striker body may be inserted within punch carrier  110 , as shown for example in  FIG. 3 . The specific forming tool to be employed for a particular operation can be selected by positioning an internal ram over the selected tool, thereby positioning the tool to be engaged by the press striker ram. The multi-tool  100  shown in  FIG. 1  includes three forming punch tools (“punches” or “tools”); additional embodiments may include two, three, four, five, six, seven or more tools. 
       FIG. 2  is an isometric view of a multi-die carrier assembly  200  which includes three work stations containing forming dies  202 ,  204 ,  206 , respectively. As shown, the body of the multi-die carrier assembly  200  may define a generally circular perimeter, although the shape may change in different embodiments. The work stations of multi-die carrier assembly  200  may be complementary to the punch stations included in multi-tool assembly  100 , such that punch stations  102 ,  104 ,  106  can be aligned with, and engage, forming dies  202 ,  204  and  206 , respectively, during a forming operation. Forming die  202  defines a central forming portion  203 , forming die  204  defines a protruding forming portion  205 , and forming die  206  defines a tab forming portion  207 . Multi-die carrier assembly  200  is comprised of a die locator component  208  and a cam base  210 , which may be referred to as upper and lower components, respectively, depending on orientation. A slidable lock pin  212  is visible at a sidewall of die locator component  208 . In operation, movement of lock pin  212  causes locking and unlocking of die locator component  208  with respect to cam base  210 . When unlocked, cam base  210  can be rotated relative to die locator component  208 . Accordingly, in this embodiment, die locator component  208  can remain stationary, while came base  210  can be configured to rotate. In additional examples, die locator component  208  may be configured to rotate, while cam base  210  remains stationary. In some examples, one or more of the stationary components included within a given assembly may be referred to as a stator component. 
     An internal cam ramp defined by cam base  210 , upon rotation thereof, selectively elevates individual forming dies, one-by-one, into a position for forming a workpiece. The multi-die carrier assembly  200  shown in  FIG. 2  includes a single lock pin  212 ; additional embodiments may include, e.g., one, two, three or more lock pins. In addition or alternatively, one or more cams or levers can be included to actuate the engagement of die locator component  208  and/or cam base  210 . The multi-die carrier assembly  200  shown in  FIG. 2  includes three forming dies, but additional embodiments may include 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more dies. Together, assemblies  100  and  200  may comprise a punch and die set and selection apparatus, which may be configured to work cooperatively with an automated punch press in some examples to select one of a set of punches and dies to operate within the apparatus to be engaged with a load-applying ram and tool holders, and to compel or allow the non-selected die or dies to be moved away from a sheet material or workpiece. 
       FIG. 3  is a section view of multi-tool assembly  100  in a relaxed configuration, in which none of the forming punch tools have been lowered into a punching configuration. Within punch guide body  108 , a punch driver  114  is included, along with a ball plunger  116 . A forming punch tool  118  is shown in a first, inactive position. In this position, forming punch tool  118  is not lowered into a position for operating on a workpiece. Within punch carrier  110 , striker body  120  is also shown, which defines a striker ram  122 , both components positioned below striker cap  112 . In total, multi-tool assembly  100  may include three punch drivers, one for each work station, but the number of punch drivers and work stations may vary, ranging from one to 10 or more in various embodiments. The remainder of the forming punch drivers (the “inactive” punch drivers) are not shown in this cross-section. Each forming punch driver  114  may be identical in structure, and can be designed to be fitted with differing punches. When the press apparatus within which multi-tool assembly  100  is mounted strokes the selected punch downward pursuant to a workpiece forming operation, the non-selected forming punch tools can remain in the upward, inactive position within the assembly. Selection of each individual forming punch tool can be achieved by rotating striker ram  122 , which may be effected via a gear drive, shot pin, external rotating ram, auto-index mechanism, or similar means, for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,413,561 (Thielges et al.) and/or U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0169069 A1 (Ostini), each of which are incorporated by reference herein, in their entirety. The specific forming punch tool and angle of the tool relative to a workpiece can each be adjusted in some examples. Multi-tool assembly  100  also has a reduced stripping force, or punch-lifting force, relative to preexisting multi-tool assemblies, allowing smaller lift springs to be included in the assembly. Multi-tool assembly  100  also has extra clearance at the punch tip area relative to preexisting designs, rendering it especially suitable for forming operations. 
       FIG. 4  is a section view of multi-tool assembly  100  in an active configuration. As shown, forming punch tool  118  has been moved downward, away from guide body  108  in the direction of the arrows, positioning the tool for operation on a workpiece. By contrast, forming punch tool  119  remains in the inactive position, closer to guide body  108 . Movement of forming punch tool  118  can be effected via selective rotation of striker body  120 , such that striker ram  122  contacts punch driver  114  and pushes it toward punch tool  118 . As noted on the figure, there may be no gap between striker ram  122  and punch driver  114 . In some examples, a gear mechanism forces striker cap  112  downward during a punching operation. To return forming punch tool  118  to its inactive position, striker body  120  can be rotated again, for example such that striker ram  122  is positioned above punch tool  119 , thereby causing punch tool  119  to extend away from guide body  108  and into its operational position. Punch driver  114  may comprise a unitary, one-piece body. In another embodiment, the upper assembly, holding the set of forming punches, could utilize a multi-tool suitable for a punching sheet material, or a similar design; e.g., where the upper assembly is adapted for holding a set of forming punches matched to a die set of a die carrier assembly. 
       FIG. 5  is an isometric view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  containing no dies. Without the dies installed, the die bores  214 ,  216 ,  218  configured to receive the dies are plainly visible. The die bores  214 ,  216 ,  218  shown in this example are cylindrical, but the shape may vary in other embodiments as necessary to accommodate differently shaped dies. 
       FIG. 6  is a plan view of multi-die carrier assembly  200 , showing a top surface of all three forming dies  202 ,  204 ,  206  installed. Preexisting multi-tool assemblies typically do not employ multiple forming dies because the non-selected dies would interfere with the workpiece or induce undesired forms on the material. 
       FIG. 7  is a section view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  taken along line B-B of  FIG. 6 , such that cam base  210  is shown positioned below die locator component  208 . Die  202  is shown including an internal, circumferential bias member or spring  220 ; e.g., a Belleville spring or similar bias component configured to reduce the stripping force within each die, and forming portion  203 . A portion of forming die  206  is also shown, including internal bias member or spring  221 , which may also reduce a stripping force of the die. 
       FIG. 8  is another section view of multi-die carrier assembly  200 , showing forming die  202  and lock pin  212 , which is coupled with vertical pin  222 . Because lock pin  212  is coupled with vertical pin  222 , lateral movement of lock pin  212  also causes lateral movement of vertical pin  222 . In the locked configuration shown in  FIG. 8 , vertical pin  222  is resting within a complementary groove or key slot  223  defined by cam base  210 , thereby securing die locator component  208  to cam base  210 . Sliding lock pin  212  into the body of die locator component  208  compresses an internal spring  228 . Release of lock pin  212  allows spring  228  to expand back to its resting state, moving in an outward direction with respect to die locator component  208 . In this manner, lock pin  212  may be biased toward the locked position, such that cam base  210  is not allowed to rotate freely without actuation, which may be driven by a press apparatus or component thereof in some examples. 
     As further shown, cam base  210  can define one or more bores, such as central bore  224  and lower through-bore  226 . Central bore  224 , which can be optional, can be configured to collect debris, such as metal shards, that are often created during punching operations. Lower through-bore  226  can receive a die extension or protrusion, which may be defined by some die members, such as die members configured to move downward, within the bore, in response to a downward force applied by a complementary punch tool. The lower through-bore  226  can also allow the ejection of sheet material, as might occur in combination with pierce-and-form tool sets. As further shown, cam base  210  may define an internal cam ramp  230  configured to elevate and/or support individual dies, such as die  202  in the configuration shown. 
       FIG. 9  is an isometric view of cam base  210  showing cam ramp  230 , which resembles a plateau shape comprised of two opposing ramped surfaces  232  flanking a central flat portion  234  in this example. The cam ramp  230  rotates with rotation of the cam base  210 , providing the structure necessary to elevate an individual die from below while the remaining dies not positioned above cam ramp  230  are allowed to remain in or drop down to a lowered position, away from the workpiece, such that the lowered dies do not interfere with a punching operation until selectively raised by cam ramp  230 . Cam ramp  230  can be rotated by an indexing mechanism of a CNC punch press, for example, while a shot pin or other holding member holds die locator component  208  stationary, such that die locator component  208  captures the dies in their radial, or x-y position, while cam ramp  230  operates to displace and/or support one of the dies vertically, raising it to or holding it at a useful position for sheet material forming. In other embodiments, the cam base  210  can remain stationary, thus serving as the stator component in the assembly, and the die locator component  208  can be rotatable, such as depicted in  FIGS. 19A-D . Cam ramp  230  can support one die rigidly while the other die or dies are allowed to lower if impinged on sufficiently to overcome a resilient, frictional, or elastic means holding or biasing the non-selected dies in an upper position. Accordingly, the selected die is supported by cam ramp  230  so as to be secured sufficiently for material forming, while the other die or dies are only resiliently or frictionally supported. Other rotatable or stationary selectors can be utilized in embodiments described herein. 
       FIG. 10  is another section view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  in the locked configuration. As shown, lock pin  212  has not been slid laterally inward, such that spring  228  remains uncompressed. Consequently, vertical pin  222  remains engaged with key slot  223  defined by cam base  210 , thereby locking cam base  210  to the upper die locator component  208  and preventing rotation of the cam base relative to the die locator component. Lock pin  212  can be actuated by a pin member, e.g., a shot pin, of a press apparatus to release the internal locking mechanisms of assembly  200 , which effects holding of the upper part, so as to become a die locator, while the press can use an auto-index mechanism, or similar means to rotate the lower cam base. Central bore  224  and lower through-bore  226  are also visible. Above each bore, sandwiched between cam base  210  and die locator component  208  lies two die shoes  236 ,  238 . Die shoes  236 ,  238  may be optionally included, and as shown in  FIG. 10 , may define elongate, flat disc-like components positioned underneath each die. Vertical springs  240 ,  241  may be configured to exert a downward biasing force on the die shoes, holding them in place during working operations and movement of cam ramp  230 , such that each die shoe may remain below the same die regardless of cam base configuration. Thus, in various embodiments, cam ramp  230  may operate directly on the dies, or on die shoes positioned between the dies and the cam ramp. Die bore  214  is also shown formed into die locator component  208 . Die bore  214  is configured to receive and hold various forming dies, some of which may include a downward extension or protrusion, which may extend into lower die bore  226 . In some examples, a die sleeve can be included to operate as an intermediate component between a die and a die locating cassette. Various combinations of die shoe and die sleeve are possible. 
       FIG. 11  is a section view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  in an unlocked configuration. Lock pin  212  has been slid laterally inward, along with vertical pin  222 , thereby compressing spring  228  and vacating key slot  223 . Movement of vertical pin  222  out of key slot  223  disengages die locator component  208  from cam base  210 , such that cam base  210  may be rotated relative to the die locator component  208 , which may remain stationary. As cam base  210  rotates, cam ramp  230  defined by the cam base also rotates until positioned beneath a die desired for a specific operation. Key slot  223  can be keyed into a turret press upon which carrier assembly  200  is mounted. The turret press can thus activate rotation of cam base  210  via engagement with key slot  223 . 
       FIG. 12  is a section view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  mounted on a press apparatus  300 , e.g., turret press, in a locked configuration. As shown, press apparatus  300  may comprise a shot pin  302 , which is aligned with lock pin  212 . Shot pin  302  can be configured to slide laterally toward and away from lock pin  212 . At the snapshot depicted, shot pin  302  is positioned in a retracted position, laterally separated from an outer end of lock pin  212 . 
       FIG. 13  is a section view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  and press apparatus  300  in an unlocked configuration. Shot pin  302  has been extended laterally by the press, such that it contacts and pushes lock pin  212  inward within the body of die locator component  208 . Movement of lock pin  212  in response to movement of shot pin  302  causes lateral displacement of vertical pin  222  out of key slot  223 , thus allowing cam base  210  to be rotated under the control of the press (and the operator of the press). Accordingly, multi-die carrier assembly  200  can be manipulable by automated press actuation to raise one selected die up to a useful working position, e.g., at or near a workpiece, while the other die or dies included in the assembly may remain substantially lower and away from the workpiece. 
       FIG. 14  is an isometric view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  and press apparatus  300 . In the configuration shown, shot pin  302  has been extended within assembly  200 , where an outer end of the shot pin contacts lock pin  212 . In this configuration, forming die  202  is elevated by the internal cam ramp defined by cam base  210 . The cam or die displacement element can also facilitate a configuration with some of the dies down, or otherwise held in place, for example with a selected die of the set of installed set of dies being raised for forming use. All of the dies could also be deselected, or in the down or fixed position, for example to prevent damage to the workpiece from a raised die, when punching or forming with an adjacent or nearby turret station. 
       FIG. 15  is an isometric view of multi-die carrier assembly  200  and press apparatus  300  after rotation of cam base  210  by about 120°. By rotating cam base  210  (and the cam ramp defined by the base), forming die  206  has been elevated, and forming die  202  allowed to drop back down away from a workpiece. In various embodiments, non-selected forming dies, such as die  202 , are allowed to lower if impinged on sufficiently to overcome a resilient, frictional, or elastic means holding the non-selected dies in an upper, operational position. 
     The example multi-tool assemblies described above are each configured with three tool sets or workstations and utilize a rotating cam to select a specific punch tool or die. It should be understood that similar multi-tools could be constructed holding 2, 4, 5, or any number of tool sets, as mentioned. In addition, various means may be employed for selectively displacing individual tools or dies for a specific working operation, in addition to or instead of the camming mechanism effected by cam base  210 . For example, a sliding puck, bistable latch, or other means could be used to hold one selected die in place, as described below with reference to  FIGS. 16-18 . There are other variations to the configuration, means, and methods described herein which will be obvious to anyone skilled in the art. 
       FIG. 16A  is a plan view of forming die  204  and a slidable puck  246  positioned adjacent to the die. Slidable puck  246  is configured to elevate forming die  204  responsive to movement caused by a shot pin  304 . In particular, slidable puck  246  defines three ramped surfaces  250   a - c  each configured to exert a camming action directly on a selected die, or an intermediate member, to raise the selected die, for example until the die rests on top of slidable puck  246 , while the other die or dies remain in, or descend to, a lowered position. In some examples, non-selected dies may remain resiliently or frictionally supported, thereby rendering them moveable to a lowered position in response to gravitational and/or physical force. Each ramped surface can be positioned adjacent to a specific forming die. In the example shown, ramped surface  250   a  is positioned adjacent to forming die  204 . Opposite each ramped surface  250   a - c , a contact surface  252   a - c  is defined by slidable puck  246 . Separate shot pins can contact each of the contact surfaces upon lateral movement of the shot pins, thereby moving slidable puck  246  in the direction of shot pin movement and causing one of the three ramped surfaces to move under, and elevate, the adjacent forming die via a camming mechanism. In the configuration shown, shot pin  304  is positioned to slide laterally against contact surface  252   a , causing ramped surface  250   a  to slide under forming die  204 , thereby elevating forming die  204  into an operational position against a workpiece. As further shown, slidable puck  246  may also define a central bore  254  for debris collection and lateral movement of the puck may be constrained by a die base. 
       FIG. 16B  is a side view of the forming die  204 , slidable puck  246  and shot pin  304 . Shot pin  304  can move laterally in the directions of the bidirectional arrow. A bottom surface of slidable puck  246  may be positioned slightly beneath a bottom surface of forming die  204 , such that ramped surface  250   a  can be wedged underneath the forming die upon lateral movement of the puck toward the die. 
       FIG. 16C  is an isometric view of forming die  204 , slidable puck  246  and shot pin  304 . As indicated, slidable puck  246  can be slid in the direction of the arrow by contacting surface  252   b  with a shot pin. In this manner, a different forming die can be selected for elevation, while non-selected forming die  204  is lowered away from the workpiece. 
       FIG. 17A  is a section view of a multi-die carrier assembly  256  having a bistable mechanism configured for selectively raising and lowering forming dies included in the assembly, such as forming die  258   a . Assembly  256  includes a bistable push-pin  260   a  configured to slide within the multi-die carrier assembly  256  upon receiving a force, which may be manual or mechanical, e.g., via a press operation. As further described herein, push-pin  260   a  may include an internal guideway defined by an internal cam latch member in some examples. Push-pin  260   a  is coupled at one end to a bias member, e.g., spring  266 , which urges or biases the push-pin  260   a  upward (in the orientation depicted) into a first position. Another bias member, such as die spring  278 , is included to bias die  258   a  toward an upward position. The force of die spring  278  may be relatively weak and less than the weight of a workpiece, thereby allowing depression or downward movement of die  258   a  in response to placement of a workpiece thereon. While push-pin  260   a  is included in the example shown in  FIG. 17A , other bistable members can be utilized. 
     In operation, push-pin  260   a  can be depressed manually or via a punch tool, sliding deeper into assembly  256 . Downward movement or depression of push-pin  260   a  may cause lateral movement of a slidable member  272  against the spring force of another bias member, e.g., spring  274 , compression of which may be limited by a stop member, e.g., pin  275 . Pushing downward on push-pin  260   a  a first time can maintain forming die  258   a  in an inactive, non-operational lower position, away from a workpiece. Without slidable member  272  positioned beneath forming die  258   a , the weight and/or pressure of a workpiece positioned above the die can overcome the biasing force applied by die spring  278  that is necessary to maintain the die in an upward position, thereby compelling or allowing the die to move downward, away from the workpiece. Pushing downward on push-pin  260   a  a second time can lock forming die  258   a  in an upper position for engagement with a workpiece by moving slidable member  272  under the die, as shown in  FIG. 17B . 
       FIG. 17B  is a section view of multi-die carrier assembly  256  in a second configuration after depression of push-pin  260   a  and compression of spring  266  a second time. As shown, slidable member  272  has moved laterally in response to the downward movement of push-pin  260   a , such that a portion of slidable member  272  is now positioned underneath forming die  258   a , thereby preventing compression of a bias member, e.g., die spring  278 , positioned underneath forming die  258   a  and locking the die in an upper, active position for engagement on a workpiece. Spring  274  has also been compressed against pin  275 . 
       FIG. 17C  is an isometric view of push-pin  260   a , showing a guideway  262  and a cam latch member  264 . A pocket  276  is also shown, along with an interface  280  configured to receive a force in the direction of the arrow to effect locking and unlocking of an operatively coupled forming die into active and inactive configurations. Slanted surface  282  is configured to slide against a complementary surface defined by slidable member  272  during actuation of push-pin  260   a . A locking member can also be coupled with push-pin  260   a  and may include a lateral protrusion confined to the guideway. In some examples, a lateral protrusion defined by a locking member may rest in pocket  276  defined by cam latch member  264 , thereby locking push-pin  260   a  in a locked configuration until it is depressed again at interface  280 . The locking member can also be coupled with slidable member  272 . Depression of push-pin  260   a  may cause a lateral protrusion of the locking member to be repositioned within guideway  262 . 
       FIG. 17D  is an isometric view of slidable member  272 . As shown, slidable member  272  can define a lateral aperture  284  and a slanted surface  286  that is complementary to the slanted surface  282  defined by push-pin  260   a . Lateral aperture  284  may house spring  274  and pin  275 . 
       FIG. 17E  is an isometric view of multi-die carrier assembly  256  that includes four forming dies  268   a - 268   d  each coupled with a respective push-pin  260   a - 260   d . Due to the independent coupling between each push-pin-forming die pair, the forming dies can be selectively activated one-by-one for operation on a workpiece. 
       FIG. 18  is an isometric view of a multi-die carrier assembly  400  comprising latch mechanisms for individual die selection. Die carrier assembly  400  defines four die bores  402   a - d , each configured to receive a movable forming die therein. Each forming die can be raised by one or more springs positioned beneath each die. After raising a die via the spring(s), a shelf-like component or latch  404   a, b, c  or  d  can be slid underneath the die, holding the die at an elevated position for operation on a workpiece. In this manner, individual die selection is effected by sliding a latch under its respective die. One or more latches may be moveable in response to manually or mechanically applied forces, e.g., via a press operation. 
       FIG. 19A  is a partially cut-away isometric view showing internal components of a multi-die carrier assembly  500  configured to selectively actuate individual forming dies using a machine fork component in conjunction with a cam ramp. Not shown for clarity is the die locator component  526  of  FIG. 19B , which holds the dies and facilitates rotation thereof. Selective die actuation may be facilitated by both stationary and rotatable components in the embodiment shown. Rotatable components of die carrier assembly  500  can include one or more forming dies, such as dies  502 ,  504  and  506 , each of which may be set in a respective die sleeve  508 ,  510 ,  512 . Stationary components coupled with the dies  502 ,  504 ,  506  can include a plate  514 , which includes a cam ramp  516  configured to elevate individual dies upon die locator component rotation, and a sub-plate  518  integrally formed with or affixed to a base  520 . A plurality of fasteners  522 , e.g., socket head screws, can also be included to mount die assembly  500  to a platform or work surface. 
     In operation, dies  502 ,  504 ,  506  can be configured to rotate within plate  514  and over cam ramp  516 , such that one of the dies may be elevated by cam ramp  516  at any given point in time. In some embodiments, such as shown in  FIG. 19A , cam ramp  516  may be sized to fit between any two dies, such that if desired by an operator, none of the dies are elevated at a given point in time. Rotation of the die locator component may be driven by a mechanical rotator, such as the machine fork  529  shown in  FIG. 19C . 
       FIG. 19B  is a section view of die carrier assembly  500 , showing die  502  raised to an elevated operating position, where it may contact and form a workpiece. Die  502  is positioned above a die shoe  524  and partially within die sleeve  508 . As further shown, an interior portion of plate  514  defines cam ramp  516 , which may define one or more slanted surfaces configured to wedge beneath each die upon rotation thereof. A die locator component  526  coupled with plate  514  may conceal the majority of each die, such that only an upper portion of each die is visible. In the configuration shown, die  502  remains elevated in an operating position atop cam ramp  516 , such that a greater portion of die  502  is visible relative to die  504 , which along with die  506 , remains retracted in a non-operational, or resting, position. Each die is further supported by a centrally-positioned, rotatable driver  528 , which may be configured to rotate in response to rotation of a mechanical rotator. 
       FIG. 19C  is a section view of die carrier assembly  500  after rotation of the dies, such that die  502  is now positioned on the right-hand side of the illustration. As shown, die shoe  524  and die sleeve  508  have both been repositioned via rotation, while plate  514  and cam ramp  516  remain stationary. In this specific configuration, none of the dies have been positioned over cam ramp  516 , such that each die is in a retracted, non-operational position. Rotation of the dies can be driven by mechanical rotation of machine fork  529 , which comprises at least one protrusion, prong or fork, such as fork  530  and fork  532 . Each fork  530 ,  532  can be configured for slidable insertion within a respective slot  531 ,  533  defined by or coupled with rotatable driver  528 . Accordingly, rotation of machine fork  529  may drive rotation of driver  528  and dies  502 ,  504 ,  506  supported thereon. Movement of machine fork  529  may be effected by various components, such as a machine belt or mechanical gear system. 
       FIG. 19D  is an isometric view of die sleeve  508 , which can be configured to limit the vertical mobility of a die coupled therewith. For example, die sleeve  508  can be configured to limit the upward movement of a die coupled therewith, such that if a workpiece adheres to an upper surface of the die, removal of the workpiece causes separation of the workpiece from the die. One or more vertical holes or slots  534  may be defined by die sleeve  508 , each vertical hole or slot configured to receive a coil spring configured to urge or compel non-selected dies in a downward direction, away from the workpiece. Die sleeve  508  may also include one or more horizontally positioned fasteners, e.g., set screw  536 , configured to couple die sleeve  508  with a corresponding die. A die key  538  may also be included with die sleeve  508 , the die key  538  configured to orient the die to which it is coupled with one of the die bores defined by a die locator component, such as die locator component  526 . Die sleeves may be coupled with one or more of the dies in some examples, or, in other examples, excluded entirely. 
       FIG. 20A  is an isometric view of a multi-die carrier assembly  600  configured to selectively actuate individual dies using a machine fork component. Like multi-die carrier assembly  500 , multi-die carrier assembly  600  can include a combination of rotatable and stationary components. As shown, die carrier assembly  600  can include one or more rotatable forming dies, such as die  602 , each die housed in a respective die bore  604 ,  606 ,  608  defined by a rotatable die locator component  610 . Stationary components can include a plate  612  which includes a sub-plate  614  integrally formed with or affixed to a base  616 , which may be coupled with one or more fasteners  618  configured to mount die assembly  600  to a platform or work surface. 
     In operation, die bores  604 ,  606 ,  608 , and any dies mounted therein, and die locator component  610 , can rotate within plate  612 . Rotation of the die locator component  610  may again be driven by a separate mechanical component, such as the machine fork shown  620  in  FIG. 20B , which unlike machine fork  529 , can be configured to rotate and lift the dies, thereby effecting selection and elevation of each die at the direction of an operator. 
       FIG. 20B  is a section view of multi-die carrier assembly  600 , showing die  602  in a retracted, non-operational position. As shown, die locator component  610  can define a slot or hole  627  configured to receive a carrier pin  626 , which moves vertically within the hole or slot in response to elevation and retraction of driver component  634 . Upward motion of driver component  634  drives upward movement of lift block  630 , thereby causing upward motion of die shoe  628  and die  602 , along with die sleeve  632  coupled therewith. 
     Elevation of die  602  can be limited by the size of lift gap  636 . In particular, driver component  634  may continue to elevate until an upper gap surface  638  of the driver component contacts a ceiling  640  of lift gap  636 . Rotation of driver component  634  and any dies coupled therewith can be driven by mechanical rotation of machine fork  620 , which comprises at least one prong or fork, such as fork  622  and fork  624 . Each fork  622 ,  624  can be configured for slidable insertion within a respective slot  623 ,  625  defined by or coupled with driver component  634 . Accordingly, rotation and elevation of machine fork  620  may drive rotation and elevation of driver component  634  and die  602 . Movement of machine fork  620  may be effected by various components, such as a machine belt or mechanical gear system. 
       FIG. 20C  is an isometric view of multi-die carrier assembly  600  without rotatable die locator component  610  and any forming dies coupled therewith installed. With rotatable die locator component  610  removed, an upper surface of driver component  634  is exposed, along with carrier pins  626 ,  642  and  644 , each of which may be pressed directly into the driver component. As driver component  634  rises, the carrier pins  626 ,  642 ,  644  slide vertically within respective holes or slots defined by die locator component  610 , thereby accommodating vertical motion of driver component  634  without causing vertical motion of die locator component  610 . Rotation of carrier pins  626 ,  642 ,  644  causes rotation of die locator component  610 , such that die locator component  610  can rotate, but not rise/fall, with driver component  634 . To drive vertical motion of an individual forming die without a cam ramp, lift block  630  is positioned in a retained pocket that confines it to vertical motion, only. When the desired forming die is rotated to the position above lift block  630  via driver component  634 , lift block  630  is urged upward via vertical motion of driver component  634 . 
       FIG. 21  is a section view of a of multi-die carrier assembly  700 , showing a die  702  in a non-elevated, non-operational position. In this particular embodiment, die sleeves are not included with the assembly  700 . As a result, die  702  can slide up and down without the additional restriction of the die sleeves. Like multi-die carrier assembly  600 , multi-die carrier assembly  700  is configured to selectively actuate individual dies using a mechanical rotator, such as machine fork  720 . Multi-die carrier assembly  700  can include a combination of rotatable and stationary components, including one or more rotatable forming dies, such as die  702 , each die housed in a respective die bore defined by a rotatable die locator component  710 . Stationary components can include a plate  712  which includes a sub-plate  714  integrally formed with or affixed to a base  716 , which may be coupled with one or more fasteners  718  configured to mount die assembly  700  to a platform or work surface. 
     In operation, die locator component  710  and die  702  can rotate within plate  712 . Rotation of die locator component  710  may be driven by a separate mechanical component, such as the machine fork shown  720 , which can be configured to rotate, lift and support the dies, thereby effecting selection and elevation of each die at the direction of an operator. 
     As further shown, die carrier  710  can define a slot or hole  727  configured to receive a carrier pin  726 , which moves vertically within the hole or slot in response to elevation and retraction of driver component  734 . Upward motion of driver component  734  drives upward movement of lift block  730 , thereby causing upward motion of die  702 . 
     Elevation of die  702  can be limited by the size of a lift gap  736 . In particular, driver component  734  may continue to elevate until an upper gap surface  738  of the driver component contacts a ceiling  740  of lift gap  736 . Rotation of driver component  734  and any dies coupled therewith can be driven by mechanical rotation of machine fork  720 , which comprises at least one prong or fork, such as fork  722  and fork  724 . Each fork  722 ,  724  can be configured for slidable insertion within a respective slot  723 ,  725  defined by or coupled with driver component  734 . Accordingly, rotation and elevation of machine fork  720  may drive rotation and elevation of driver component  734  and die  702 . Movement of machine fork  720  may be effected by various components, such as a machine belt or mechanical gear system. 
     The above Detailed Description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. The above-described embodiments (or one or more features or components thereof) can be used in varying combinations with each other unless clearly stated to the contrary. Other embodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above Detailed Description. Also, various features or components have been grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter can lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following additional examples are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each example standing on its own as a separate embodiment. While this invention has been described with respect to particular examples and embodiments, changes can be made and substantial equivalents can be substituted in order to adapt these teaching to other configurations, materials and applications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention is thus not limited to the particular examples that are disclosed, but encompasses all the embodiments that fall with the scope of the claims. 
     EXAMPLES 
     In Example 1, a multi-die carrier assembly can include a first component configured to locate a plurality of forming dies with lateral precision. The multi-die carrier assembly can further include a second component (or components) coupled with the first component and defining a cam or ramp configured to selectively elevate one of the dies within the coupled assembly. 
     In Example 2, the carrier assembly of Example 1 can optionally be configured to further include a lock pin. The lock pin can be configured to move or slide at the direction of a user to lock the assembly such that in a locked configuration, the first component and the second component are fixed with respect to each other, and in the unlocked configuration, one component is rotatable with respect to the other component. 
     In Example 3, the carrier assembly of Example 2 can optionally be configured such that the lock pin is configured to slide responsive to engagement by a shot pin of a press apparatus positioned adjacent to the carrier assembly. 
     In Example 4, the carrier assembly of Example 1 can optionally be configured to simultaneously hold two, three, four or more forming dies. 
     In Example 5, the carrier assembly of Example 1 can optionally be configured such that one forming die can be selectively elevated to an operating position, while the remaining dies remain at a first, lower position. 
     In Example 6, the carrier assembly of Example 1 can optionally be configured such that all forming dies can remain at a lower position, at least until selective elevation of one of the forming dies. 
     In Example 7, the carrier assembly of Example 1 can optionally be configured to further include a die shoe or die sleeve coupled with each forming die. 
     In Example 8, a method of selecting forming dies for operation from a multi-die carrier assembly comprising a die locating component and die lifting component can involve unlocking the multi-die carrier assembly; rotating one component of the multi-die carrier assembly relative to a stator component of the assembly until a selected die is elevated to a working position, wherein rotating the components relative to each other elevates one die at a time; and then locking the multi-die carrier assembly. 
     In Example 9, the method of Example 8 can optionally be configured such that the multi-die carrier assembly comprises a slidable pin member coupled with the stator component and configured to receive an external pushing force to lock or unlock said coupled components. 
     In Example 10, the method of Example 8 can optionally be configured such that the base component defines a cam ramp, the cam ramp configured to slide under each die in response to rotation of the base component. 
     In Example 11, the method of Example 8 can optionally be configured such that the base component defines a cam ramp, wherein said base component is a stator member and the upper die locating component is configured to rotate to slide a selected die onto the cam ramp in response to rotation of the upper component. 
     In Example 12, the method of Example 8 can optionally be configured such that the multi-die carrier assembly is mounted on a press apparatus, the press apparatus configured for rotating the coupled components relative to each other. 
     In Example 13, the method of Example 8 can optionally be configured such that the press apparatus is configured for actuating a shot pin aligned with the slidable lock pin member. 
     In Example 14, a forming punch and die set and selection apparatus, or forming multi-tool, can be configured to work cooperatively with an automated punch press to select one of a set of punches and dies to operate within the apparatus to be engaged with the a load-applying ram and tool holders, and to compel or allow the non-selected die or dies to be moved away from a sheet material or workpiece. 
     In Example 15, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that a lower section of the apparatus, or multiple die holder apparatus, is manipulable by automated press actuation to raise one selected die up to a useful working position while the other die or dies remain substantially lower. 
     In Example 16, the multi-tool of Example 15 can optionally be configured such that the multiple die holder apparatus is manipulable by the automated press to allow all of the forming dies to remain in a lower, or non-selected position. 
     In Example 17, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that the lower section of the apparatus, or multiple die holder apparatus, holds one die rigidly while the other die or dies are allowed to lower if impinged on sufficiently to overcome a resilient, frictional, or elastic means holding said non-selected dies in an upper position. 
     In Example 18, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that the selected die is raised by a rotatable cam ramp. 
     In Example 19, the multi-tool of Example 18 can optionally be configured such that the selected die is raised by camming action of the rotatable cam ramp, acting directly on the dies or, an intermediate member to raise the selected die, while the others remain in, or descend to, a lowered position. 
     In Example 20, the multi-tool of Example 15 can optionally be configured such that the selected die is supported by a raised portion of a rotatable selector so as to be supported solidly enough for material forming, while the other die or dies are only resiliently or frictionally supported, and may be moveable to a lowered position. 
     In Example 21, the multi-tool of Example 15 can optionally be configured such that the selected die is raised by a slidable puck which can be positioned between the dies and die holder, to support one selected die while the other die or dies may be lowered. 
     In Example 22, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that a die is selected by a bistable vertical locking mechanism. 
     In Example 23, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that one die is selected for operation by moving a slidable latch or other supporting member to hold said selected die in a useful position for forming, each die position having its own said slidable latch. 
     In Example 24, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that one die is selected for operation by moving a rotatable latch, collar, or other supporting member to hold said selected die in a useful position for forming, each die position having its own said rotatable latch. 
     In Example 25, a method of selecting a die using the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that one part of the die holding apparatus is rotated relative to another, such that a rotatable cam ramp is rotated relative to the dies, thus facilitating lifting and/or support of the selected die. 
     In Example 26, a method of selecting a die using the multi-tool of Example 21 can optionally be configured such that selecting the die involves moving the slidable puck laterally relative to another part of the die holding apparatus, such that the selected die is lifted or supported sufficiently for sheet material forming. 
     In Example 27, a method of selecting a die using the multi-tool of Example 22 can optionally be configured such that selecting the die involves actuating the bistable mechanism via press operation or manipulation, thereby raising and/or supporting one die to a useful position for forming sheet material. 
     In Example 28, a method of selecting a die using the multi-tool of Example 23 can optionally be configured such that selecting the die involves actuating the slidable latch via press operation or manipulation so as to support one die at a useful position for forming sheet material. 
     In Example 29, a method of selecting a die using the multi-tool of Example 24 can optionally be configured such that selecting the die involves actuating the rotatable latch via press operation or manipulation so as to support one die at a useful position for forming sheet material. 
     In Example 30, the multi-tool of Example 14 can optionally be configured such that the die selection apparatus, in addition to raising a selected die, also retracts, or positively displaces the non-selected die or dies in a downward position. 
     This invention has been described with respect to particular examples and embodiments. Changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted in order to adapt these teachings to other configurations, materials and applications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The invention is thus not limited to the particular examples that are disclosed, but encompasses all embodiments that fall with the scope of the claims.