Patent Publication Number: US-2021188444-A1

Title: Aircraft seat fastening device

Description:
STATE OF THE ART 
     The invention concerns an aircraft seat fixation device according to the preamble of patent claim  1 . 
     An aircraft seat fixation device for a fixation at least of a portion of an aircraft seat on at least one fixation rail that is fixated on an aircraft structure, with a seat base structure which is configured such that at least the aircraft seat is mounted thereon at least partially, with at least one seat foot which is connected to the seat base structure, and with at least one fitting element which is connected to the seat foot and is at least configured to be coupled with the fixation rail, has already been proposed. 
     The objective of the invention is in particular to provide a generic device with improved characteristics regarding safety, in particular by a reduction of loads in a fixation rail. The objective is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim  1  while advantageous implementations and further developments may be gathered from the subclaims. 
     Advantages of the Invention 
     The invention is based on an aircraft seat fixation device for a fixation at least of a portion of an aircraft seat on at least one fixation rail that is fixated on an aircraft structure, with a seat base structure which is configured such that at least the aircraft seat is mounted thereon at least partially, with at least one seat foot which is connected to the seat base structure, and with at least one fitting element which is connected to the seat foot and is at least configured to be coupled with the fixation rail. 
     It is proposed that the aircraft seat fixation device comprises at least one compensation unit, which is arranged on the seat base structure, the seat foot and/or the fitting element and which is configured to permit at least one compensation movement of the seat base structure at least in an overload case. By an “aircraft seat fixation device” is in particular a device to be understood which is configured to at least partly fixate an aircraft seat and/or an aircraft seat arrangement on a mounting plane. By an “aircraft seat” is here in particular a seat to be understood which is configured to be mounted on a cabin floor in an aircraft cabin of an aircraft, and which a passenger can sit on during a flight. The aircraft seat may herein be a single seat, e. g. a business-class or first-class aircraft seat, comprising parts of an aircraft seat arrangement, like for example a console or an ottoman. The aircraft seat may also be an aircraft seat that is part of an aircraft seat row consisting of several aircraft seats, which may here in particular be an economy class aircraft seat. An “aircraft structure” is in particular to mean a load-bearing structure of an aircraft, via which an aircraft seat or an aircraft seat module can be fixedly coupled for a use in the aircraft seat. The aircraft structure is herein preferably embodied as a cabin floor of an aircraft cabin. By a “fixation rail” is in particular a rail to be understood which preferably forms a hollow profile that is configured for a form-fit connection with an element, in particular at least a holding region of a fitting element. The fixation rail is in a mounted state connected with a cabin floor of an aircraft and is preferably inserted in the cabin floor of the aircraft. The fixation rail has on its upper side a guiding opening, which at least a portion of the fitting element is guided through in a mounted state. The fixation rail comprises, in at least substantially equal distances, mounting regions, in which the guiding opening respectively has a wider cross section. In the mounting regions the guiding region is realized in a substantially circular fashion. The mounting regions are configured such that a holding region of the fitting element can be inserted into the fixation rail through one of the mounting regions to establish a form-fit connection with the fixation rail. By a “seat base structure” is in particular a load-bearing structure of the aircraft seat or of an aircraft seat arrangement to be understood, via which, for example, forces can be introduced into the aircraft seat structure from a sitting area of the aircraft seat by a passenger sitting on the aircraft seat, or weight forces of the aircraft seat or weight forces of portions of the aircraft seat arrangement can be introduced into the aircraft seat structure. It is herein in particular conceivable that the aircraft seat base is implemented by a base frame having a plurality of interconnected frame elements or is implemented by a receiving plate. Principally it is also conceivable that the seat base structure is realized as a portion of a mounting unit. By a “seat foot” is in particular an element to be understood which has an aircraft-seat-side connection for a fitting element and is in particular configured for a coupling of the aircraft seat with the fixation rail via the fitting element. The seat foot in particular comprises a connection region for a fitting element, via which the fitting element is fixedly connectable with the seat foot. The seat foot is in particular implemented as a structural component of the aircraft seat. In a mounted state the seat foot is fixedly connected with the aircraft seat base structure via a seat foot connection. By a “fitting element” is in particular an element to be understood which is in at least one operation state configured for a fixation of an aircraft seat or an aircraft seat arrangement, in particular on a cabin floor of an aircraft. In particular, the fitting element is in the operation state held in a recess in the floor, in particular in a fixation rail in the floor. Preferentially the fitting element comprises at least one fixation region comprising at least one fixation member. In particular, the fitting element is supported in the fixation rail along a direction that is oriented at least substantially parallel to the floor. “Coupled” is in particular to mean connected to one another directly or indirectly, wherein in case of an indirect connection a component or several components may be arranged between the two indirectly coupled components. By a “compensation unit” is in particular a unit to be understood which is in particular, in at least one operation state, configured to permit a destruction-free relative movement between at least two elements, like in particular a cabin floor and at least a portion of the seat base structure. The relative movement permitted by the compensation unit is here preferably limited to a maximum movement. The relative movement may be realized in particular by a rotation movement, by a linear movement or by a combination of a rotation movement and a linear movement. By a “destruction-free relative movement” is here in particular a relative movement to be understood which can be executed without a mechanical destruction of one of the elements or of the compensation unit. Herein a destruction-free relative movement is preferably reversible when a force that led to the relative movement has abated. An “overload case” is in particular to mean an operation state that differs from normal operation, for example an overload on the aircraft seat device intentionally induced in a crash test. By a “compensation movement” is in particular a destruction-free relative movement of at least two elements to be understood, which can be realized by the compensation unit. “Configured” is in particular to mean specifically designed and/or equipped. By an object being configured for a certain function is in particular to be understood that the object fulfills and/or executes said certain function in at least one application state and/or operation state. An implementation according to the invention allows providing an especially secure and stable aircraft seat fixation device as it is possible that at least a portion of a seat base structure executes a relative movement to an aircraft base structure in an overload case. 
     It is further proposed that the at least one compensation unit is arranged between the seat base structure and the seat foot. “Arranged between the seat base structure and the seat foot” is in particular to mean that the compensation unit is positioned between the seat base structure and the seat foot in terms of space and/or in particular also in terms of functionality. This allows arranging the compensation unit in an especially advantageous and simple manner. 
     Moreover it is proposed that the compensation unit is integrated in a seat foot connection, via which the at least one seat foot is connected to the seat base structure. A “seat foot connection” is in particular to mean a connection implemented of an element or a plurality of elements, in particular fixation element/s, via which a seat foot is, preferably in a force-fit and/or form-fit manner, connected with a seat base structure. This enables the compensation unit to be integrated in the aircraft seat fixation device in an especially simple and advantageous manner. 
     It is also proposed that the compensation unit is configured, at least in an overload case, to permit at least a rotation of the seat foot around a rotation axis relative to the seat base structure. In this way it is possible for an especially advantageous compensation movement to be permitted. 
     Beyond this it is proposed that the compensation unit is configured to permit a rotation by at least one degree. By a “rotation by at least one degree” is in particular to be understood that a possible rotation permitted by the compensation unit amounts to at least one degree, advantageously more than five degrees and in an especially advantageous implementation more than ten degrees. This allows the compensation unit to be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner. 
     Furthermore it is proposed that the compensation unit is configured to delimit a rotation to maximally 15 degrees. By a “rotation of maximally 15 degrees” is in particular to be understood that the rotation is delimited by the compensation unit to 15 degrees, preferentially to 13 degrees and in an especially advantageous implementation to maximally 11 degrees. This allows the compensation unit to be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner. 
     It is also proposed that a compensation movement executed by the compensation unit is at least substantially free of elastic and/or plastic deformation. By “at least substantially free of elastic and/or plastic deformation” is in particular to be understood that the compensation movement is in particular given solely by a relative movement of two elements which are implemented separately from each other, and is not due to an elastic and/or plastic deformation of at least one of the elements. This allows implementing the compensation unit in a particularly advantageous manner. 
     It is further proposed that the compensation unit comprises at least one central swivel pin, by which the seat foot is coupled with the seat base structure in a positionally fixed manner. This allows the compensation unit to be positioned on the seat base structure in a particularly simple manner. 
     Moreover it is proposed that the compensation unit comprises at least one connection member, which is arranged eccentrically to the swivel pin and is arranged at least one-sidedly in a through hole. By an “eccentrically arranged connection member” is in particular to be understood that the connection member is arranged spaced apart with respect to the swivel pin that is arranged substantially centrally. “Arranged at least one-sidedly in a through hole” is here in particular to mean that the connection member is guided at least in a through hole formed by the seat base structure and/or in a through hole formed by the seat foot. By a “connection member” is in particular a connection element to be understood which is configured for a connection of at least two other elements and which is preferably, in a connected state, configured to prevent a movement of the at least two interconnected elements in a movement direction. A “connection member” is in particular to mean a bolt, a pin, a rivet or preferably a screw. It is in this way possible for the compensation unit to be implemented in an especially simple manner such as to provide a rotational compensation movement. 
     Beyond this it is proposed that the compensation unit comprises at least one positioning unit which, at least in a normal operation state, positions the at least one connection member in the through hole in a normal position. By a “positioning unit” is in particular a unit to be understood which holds at least two elements in a desired position relative to each other, preferably during assembly and in a normal operation state. By a “normal operation state” is in particular an operation state to be understood in which only such forces occur which are usual for a flight operation, i. e. in particular by a passenger sitting on the seat and corresponding acceleration forces occurring during flight, start or landing. A “normal position in the curved through hole” is in particular to mean a position of the connection member in the through hole in which the seat foot has a normal position with respect to the seat base module. The normal position is preferentially arranged centrally in the through hole, such that a compensation movement may take place in both rotation directions in the same manner. This advantageously allows ensuring a functionally secure normal operation. 
     It is further proposed that the positioning unit holds the connection member in the normal position by a preload force in a force-fit manner. This advantageously allows implementing the positioning unit in an especially simple manner. 
     Moreover it is proposed that the at least one compensation unit is arranged at least partially between the fitting element and the seat foot. Preferentially, by the compensation unit being “arranged at least partially between the fitting element and the seat foot” is in particular to be understood that at least portions of the compensation unit are arranged between the fitting element and the seat foot in terms of functionality and of location. This allows arranging the compensation unit in an especially advantageous manner. 
     It is also proposed that the at least one compensation unit is at least configured, in an overload case, to permit an increase of a distance between a front fitting element and the seat base structure. Preferably the compensation unit is in particular configured to permit a relative movement between the front fitting element and the seat base structure, in particular the base frame. In this way a deformation of the seat base structure is advantageously avoidable in an overload case, for example in case of a deformation of a cabin floor. 
     Beyond this it is proposed that the at least one compensation unit comprises at least one fixation sleeve, which is configured to be arranged in the at least one seat foot such that it is axially displaceable, and which at least the one front fitting element is fixedly connected to. By a “fixation sleeve” is in particular a sleeve to be understood in which an element, in particular a fitting element, can be fixedly mounted. This enables the compensation unit to support the fitting element such that it is especially easily displaceable relative to the seat base structure. 
     It is further proposed that, at least in a normal operation state, the fixation sleeve is held in the seat foot in a normal position by a friction-fit connection. In this way the fixation sleeve is especially easily couplable with the one seat foot. 
     It is also proposed that the compensation unit comprises at least one additional lower longitudinal beam, on which the base frame is connected in a pivotable manner. By an “additional lower longitudinal beam” is in particular a longitudinal beam to be understood which is in particular arranged below a longitudinal beam of the base frame, in particular below a longitudinal beam that is arranged above a fixation rail. Preferably, for a fixation on a fixation rail, the additional lower longitudinal beam is connected to a rear fitting element on a rear end and is connected to a front fitting element on a front end. Preferentially the base frame is supported movably relative to the additional longitudinal beam, in particular the base frame is pivotable relative to the additional longitudinal beam with a front end. This especially advantageously enables the base frame to be coupled with a cabin floor and to pivot relative to the cabin floor in an overload case. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention is herein not to be limited to the application and implementation described above. In particular, to fulfill a functionality that is described here, the aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention may comprise a number of individual elements, structural components and units that differs from a number mentioned here. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. In the drawings five exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated. The drawings, the description and the claims contain a plurality of features in combination. Someone skilled in the art will purposefully also consider the features separately and will find further expedient combinations. 
       It is shown in: 
         FIG. 1  a schematic representation of an aircraft seat fixation device in a first exemplary embodiment during an overload case, 
         FIG. 2  a schematic detail representation of a seat foot which is in the overload case rotated relative to a seat base structure by means of a compensation unit, 
         FIG. 3  another detail view of the compensation unit in an overload case, 
         FIG. 4  a schematic exploded view of a portion of the aircraft seat fixation device, 
         FIG. 5  a schematic representation of an aircraft seat fixation device in a second exemplary embodiment during a normal operation state, 
         FIG. 6  a schematic sectional view of the aircraft seat fixation device in an overload case, 
         FIG. 7  another schematic view of the aircraft seat fixation device in an overload case, 
         FIG. 8  a schematic representation of an aircraft seat fixation device in a third exemplary embodiment during a normal operation state, 
         FIG. 9  another representation of the aircraft seat fixation device in an overload case, 
         FIG. 10  a detail representation of the aircraft seat fixation device in an overload case, 
         FIG. 11  a schematic representation of an aircraft seat fixation device in a fourth exemplary embodiment during a normal operation state, 
         FIG. 12  another representation of the aircraft seat fixation device in an overload case, 
         FIG. 13  a detail representation of the aircraft seat fixation device in an overload case, and 
         FIG. 14  a schematic detail representation of an aircraft seat fixation device in a fifth exemplary embodiment during an overload case. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     In  FIGS. 1 to 3  a first exemplary embodiment of the aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention is illustrated. The aircraft seat fixation device is part of an aircraft seat arrangement  10   a . The aircraft seat arrangement  10   a  comprises an aircraft seat. The aircraft seat is implemented as a business-class or first-class aircraft seat. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   a  further comprises an aircraft seat superstructure. The aircraft seat superstructure is herein realized as a superstructure forming a housing for the aircraft seat as well as in particular a console with depositing possibilities and, for example, a foot space for a further aircraft seat. Neither the aircraft seat superstructure nor the aircraft seat itself shall be further described here, nor are they depicted in detail in the figures. The aircraft seat and the aircraft seat superstructure are aircraft seats respectively aircraft seat superstructures known from the state of the art. The exact implementation of the aircraft seat, respectively the aircraft seat superstructure, of the aircraft seat arrangement  10   a  is not relevant for the inventive idea of the aircraft seat fixation device. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   a  is configured to be installed in an aircraft. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   a  is in particular configured to be mounted in an aircraft cabin. The aircraft cabin forms an aircraft structure  12   a . The aircraft structure  12   a  is implemented as a cabin floor. For a connection of aircraft seat arrangements  10   a  the aircraft cabin comprises fixation rails  36   a ,  38   a , which are inserted in the aircraft structure  12   a  that is implemented as a cabin floor. The fixation rails  36   a ,  38   a  extend parallel to each other and are rigidly connected with the aircraft structure  12   a.    
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a seat base structure  14   a . The seat base structure  14   a  is in particular part of the aircraft seat arrangement  10   a . The seat base structure  14   a  is configured such that at least the aircraft seat is mounted thereon. The seat base structure  14   a  is implemented of a base frame  16   a . The base frame  16   a  comprises two transversal beams  18   a ,  20   a  and three longitudinal beams  22   a ,  24   a ,  26   a . The transversal beams  18   a ,  20   a  are connected to each other via the longitudinal beams  22   a ,  24   a ,  26   a . The transversal beams  18   a ,  20   a  and the longitudinal beams  22   a ,  24   a ,  26   a  are respectively connected to one another fixedly, preferably in particular rigidly. In particular, the transversal beams  18   a ,  20   a  and the longitudinal beams  22   a ,  24   a ,  26   a  are respectively screwed with one another. Principally it is also conceivable that the transversal beams  18   a ,  20   a  and the longitudinal beams  22   a ,  24   a ,  26   a  are respectively connected to one another in a different way, deemed expedient by someone skilled in the art, in a form-fit and/or force-fit manner and/or by substance-to-substance bond, for example via a rivet connection or via a welding connection. Principally it is also conceivable that the base frame  16   a  is formed on a different number of elements, i. e. in particular a different number of transversal and/or longitudinal beams. The base frame  16   a  forms a basic structure which the aircraft seat and the aircraft seat superstructure are fixedly mountable on. The base frame  16   a  realizes a basic structure for the aircraft seat and the aircraft seat superstructure, which is substantially rigid at least in the normal operation. Principally it is possible that, for example in a crash test, in particular in a case in which the cabin floor gets deformed, the base frame  16   a  gets twisted by the impacting forces in an overload case. Herein, in particular with a base frame known from the state of the art, in particular in the so-called “pitch-and-roll pre-deformation” carried out in tests for approval of aircraft seat arrangements, impacting forces lead to twisting of the base frame  16   a , which may in particular result in breaks of the base frame  16   a  or of the fixation rails  36   a ,  38   a . It is therefore advantageous to keep twisting of the base frame  16   a  and preferentially of the entire seat base structure  14   a  at a lowest possible level, even in an overload case, such as to avoid failure of the base frame  16   a , in particular due to breaking. The aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention here has in particular the task to keep such twisting of the base frame  16   a  in an overload case at a lowest possible level, preferably to avoid this completely. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a plurality of seat feet  28   a ,  30   a . The seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  are in particular embodied as seat base structure feet. The aircraft seat fixation device in particular comprises four seat feet  28   a ,  30   a . The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two front seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  and two rear seat feet  28   a ,  30   a , of which only the two front seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  are shown in detail. The illustrated front seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  and the rear seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  may here be implemented identically or may have different implementations. Principally it is also conceivable that the aircraft seat fixation device comprises a different number of seat feet  28   a ,  30   a . The seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  are configured for a coupling of the seat base structure  14   a  with an aircraft structure  12   a . The seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  are each fixedly connected with the base frame  16   a  via a seat foot connection  32   a ,  34   a . Via the seat foot connections  32   a ,  34   a  the seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  are coupled with the base frame  16   a  in a loss-proof manner. The aircraft seat fixation device comprises one fitting element  40   a ,  42   a  per each seat foot  28   a ,  30   a . The fitting elements  40   a ,  42   a  are configured for a coupling with the fixation rails  36   a ,  38   a . In a mounted state the fitting elements  40   a ,  42   a  are arranged with a first end in the fixation rail  36   a ,  38   a . A second end of the fitting elements  40   a ,  42   a  is in the mounted state fixedly coupled with a seat foot  28   a ,  30   a . The seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  are respectively connected with the fixation rail  36   a ,  38   a  via the fitting element  40   a ,  42   a.    
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a plurality of compensation units  44   a ,  46   a . In particular, the aircraft seat fixation device comprises one compensation unit  44   a ,  46   a  per seat foot  28   a ,  30   a . The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   a  in an overload case. The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are in particular configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   a  relative to the aircraft structure  12   a . The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are respectively arranged on the seat feet  28   a ,  30   a . The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are in particular respectively arranged between a seat foot  28   a ,  30   a  and the base frame  16   a  of the seat base structure  14   a . The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are implemented identically, and thus only the one compensation unit  44   a  will be described in detail in the following. For an explanation of the compensation unit  46   a  and of the further compensation units not shown in the figures, the following description of the compensation unit  44   a  may be referred to. The compensation unit  44   a  is integrated in the seat foot connection  32   a , via which the seat foot  28   a  is connected to the seat base structure  14   a . The compensation unit  44   a  is realized integrally with the seat foot connection  32   a . The compensation unit  44   a  comprises a central swivel pin  48   a . The seat foot  28   a  and the base frame  16   a  are coupled with each other via the swivel pin  48   a  of the compensation unit  44   a . The swivel pin  48   a  has a cylindrical shape. However, principally it would also be conceivable for the swivel pin to be implemented at least partly conically. Principally it would also be conceivable that the compensation unit  44   a  comprises instead of the central swivel pin  48   a  a slotted guide, which would in particular be arranged eccentrically to a position of the swivel pin  48   a . The slotted guide could then be realized, for example, by curved long holes, in which corresponding pin elements are guided by clearance fit. A slotted guide could here in particular be implemented by at least two bearing points. Preferably, however, the slotted guide forms four bearing points. The swivel pin  48   a  in particular forms a rotation axle  50   a , via which the seat foot  28   a  is pivotable relative to the base frame  16   a . The seat foot  28   a  is positioned relative to the base frame  16   a  by way of the swivel pin  48   a . By the swivel pin  48   a , the seat foot  28   a  is coupled with the seat base structure  14   a  in a positionally fixed manner. The swivel pin  48   a  is implemented fixedly with the seat foot  28   a . The swivel pin  48   a  is herein preferably embodied integrally with the seat foot  28   a . Principally it would also be conceivable that the swivel pin  48   a  is fixedly coupled with the seat foot  28   a  in another way, e. g. via a force-fit and/or form-fit connection and/or via substance-to-substance bond. The base frame  16   a  comprises a receiving hole  68   a , in which the swivel pin  48   a  is arranged in a mounted state. The swivel pin  48   a  is arranged in the receiving hole  68   a  via a clearance fit, allowing the swivel pin  48   a  in particular to easily turn in the receiving hole  68   a.    
     The compensation unit  44   a  comprises four connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a , which are arranged eccentrically to the swivel pin  48   a . The connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  are embodied as screw elements. The connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  are connected with the seat foot  28   a  in a positionally fixed manner. For this purpose the seat foot  28   a  has four through holes  60   a , which respectively one of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  is guided through, in a mounting plane. For a connection of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a , the base frame  16   a  has four through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a . In a mounted state the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  are guided through respectively one of the through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a . The through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  respectively have equal distances to the central swivel pin  48   a  and have equal lengths. The through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  are herein arranged spaced apart, in a circumferential direction, around the swivel pin  48   a . The through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  are implemented as curved long holes. The through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  respectively have equal curvature radii. The through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  in particular have a width that is larger than a middle region, i. e. a shaft region of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a . Principally it would also be conceivable that the through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  have any other shape permitting a respective desired rotation in an overload case. 
     The compensation unit  44   a  comprises a positioning unit  78   a . The positioning unit  78   a  comprises a holding plate  80   a . The holding plate  80   a  is configured for a positioning of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a . The holding plate  80   a  is configured as a shared washer for the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a . The holding plate  80   a  is arranged between a head of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  and the base frame  16   a , in particular the transversal beam  18   a . The holding plate  80   a  is configured such that a force acting through the head of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a , which are embodied as screws, onto the transversal beam  18   a  acts onto a larger contact surface of the transversal beam  18   a . The holding plate  80   a  is arranged on an inner side of the transversal beam  18   a , which is situated opposite the seat foot  28   a , and abuts on the transversal beam  18   a . The holding plate  80   a  comprises four through holes  82   a ,  84   a ,  86   a ,  88   a , through which respectively one of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  is guided. The holding plate  80   a  is preferably embodied as a milled plate, for example of a stainless steel. By way of the holding plate  80   a , a mounting of the seat foot  28   a  is possible that is easier and positionally more precise. Principally it would also be conceivable that each connection member  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  has a separate washer or, for example, respectively two connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  have a shared holding plate that is embodied as a washer. Principally it would then be also conceivable that the washers comprise retaining springs. The positioning unit  78   a  comprises securing members (not shown in detail), by means of which the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  are secured in the through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  and in the through holes  60   a . The securing members are then in particular implemented as inner threads in the through holes  60   a . Preferably, the securing means are then in particular implemented as bushings inserted in the through holes  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a  and respectively having inner threads. The securing members implemented as inner threads are implemented correspondingly to the outer threads of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  which are implemented as screws. Principally it is also conceivable that the securing members are implemented as nuts. By a tightening of the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  implemented as screws in the securing members implemented as inner threads, the seat foot  28   a  and the base frame  16   a  are pressed together with their mounting surfaces and are thus tensioned against each other. The base frame  16   a  and the seat foot  28   a  are connected to each other in a force-fit manner via the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a , the holding plate  80   a  and the securing members of the positioning unit  78   a . In a normal operation state, the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  are positioned by the positioning unit  78   a  in a normal position in the corresponding through hole  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a . In the normal position the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  are positioned centrally in the respective through hole  70   a ,  72   a ,  74   a ,  76   a . By a force-fit coupling of the seat foot  28   a  with the base frame  16   a  via the connection members  52   a ,  54   a ,  56   a ,  58   a  and the securing members of the positioning unit  78   a , the seat foot  28   a  and the base frame  16   a  are rigidly connected to each other until a defined maximum force, and are in particular not rotatable relative to each other. The defined maximum force is defined by a preload force by which the connection members which are implemented as screws are tightened. The higher the preload force, the higher is a defined maximum force which is transferable between the seat foot  28   a  and the base frame  18   a  via the force-fit connection. If the defined maximum force is exceeded, the force-fit connection between the seat foot  28   a  and the base frame  16   a  is released and the seat foot  28   a  can rotate around the rotation axle  50   a  relative to the base frame  16   a . Because of the defined maximum force, which is adjustable via the preload force and on excess of which the compensation unit  44   a  permits a compensation movement, it is possible for the aircraft seat fixation device to be adapted to different aircraft seats and aircraft seat superstructures in a particularly simple manner. 
     The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are configured, in an overload case, to permit a rotation of the respective seat foot  28   a ,  30   a  around the rotation axle  50   a  realized by the respective swivel pin  48   a  of the compensation unit  44   a ,  46   a  relative to the seat base structure  14   a , in particular the base frame  16   a . The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are in particular configured to permit a compensation movement, i. e. a rotation by at least two degrees. The compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  limit the compensation movement, i. e. the rotation around the swivel pin  48   a , to 11 degrees in both rotation directions. Principally it would also be conceivable that the rotation is limited to 15 degrees. The compensation movements executed by the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are substantially free of elastic or plastic deformation. The compensation movements are induced solely by a rotation of the swivel pin  48   a  in the corresponding receiving hole  68   a . As can be perceived in  FIG. 1 , the individual compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  may execute differently dimensioned compensation movements in an overload case. The individual compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are capable of executing compensation movements independently from each other. In an overload case, in which in particular an aircraft structure, i. e. in particular the cabin floor, gets twisted, the seat base structure  14   a  can be uncoupled from the aircraft structure  12   a  by way of the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a . In this way in particular an excessive twisting of the base frame  16   a  of the seat base structure  14   a  is preventable. As in an overload case, due to using the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a , less large forces act onto the seat base structure  14   a  and in particular on the base frame  16   a , it is possible for the base frame  16   a  to be implemented weaker, i. e. in particular more lightweight, in comparison to a base frame without the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a.    
     Principally it would as well be conceivable that the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  are not arranged between the seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  and the base frame  16   a  but are integrated in the base frame  16   a , are arranged between the seat feet  28   a ,  30   a  and the respective fitting elements  40   a ,  42   a  or are, for example, just integrated in the seat feet  28   a ,  30   a . In such cases also different compensation movements are conceivable which are executed by the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a . It is herein in particular also conceivable that the compensation units  44   a ,  46   a  execute only a linear movement or a combination of a linear movement and a rotation movement as a compensation movement. 
     In  FIGS. 5 to 14  four further exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated. The following descriptions are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, wherein regarding identically denominated structural components, in particular regarding structural components having the same reference numerals, the drawings and/or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular of  FIGS. 1 to 4 , may principally be referred to as well. To distinguish between the exemplary embodiments, the letter a has been added to the reference numerals of the exemplary embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 4 . In the exemplary embodiments of  FIGS. 5 to 14  the letter a has been substituted by the letters b to e. 
       FIGS. 5 to 7  show a second exemplary embodiment of an aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention. The aircraft seat fixation device is part of an aircraft seat arrangement  10   b . The aircraft seat arrangement  10   b  comprises an aircraft seat. The aircraft seat is implemented as a business-class or first-class aircraft seat. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   b  further comprises an aircraft seat superstructure. The aircraft seat superstructure is here implemented as a superstructure that forms a housing for the aircraft seat and in particular a console with depositing facilities and, for example, also a foot space for a further aircraft seat. The aircraft seat superstructure and the aircraft seat itself shall not be described here further, and they are not shown in detail in the figures. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   b  is configured to be installed in an aircraft. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   b  is in particular configured to be mounted in an aircraft cabin. The aircraft cabin implements an aircraft structure  12   b . The aircraft structure  12   b  is embodied as a cabin floor. For a connection of aircraft seat arrangements  10   b , the aircraft cabin comprises fixation rails, which are inserted in the aircraft structure  12   b  that is embodied as a cabin floor and which are not shown in detail. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a seat base structure  14   b . The seat base structure  14   b  is in particular part of the aircraft seat arrangement  10   b . The seat base structure  14   b  is configured such that at least the aircraft seat is mounted thereon. The seat base structure  14   b  is implemented by a base frame  16   b . Equivalently to the first exemplary embodiment, the base frame  16   b  comprises two transversal beams  18   b ,  20   b  and at least two longitudinal beams  22   b . Principally it is also conceivable that the base frame  16   b  comprises three longitudinal beams  22   b  like in the first exemplary embodiment. The transversal beams  18   b ,  20   b  are connected to each other via the longitudinal beams  22   b . The transversal beams  18   b ,  20   b  and the longitudinal beams  22   b  are respectively connected to one another fixedly, preferably in particular rigidly. In particular, the transversal beams  18   b ,  20   b  and the longitudinal beams  22   b  are respectively screwed with one another. The figures show only the one longitudinal beam  22   b . The longitudinal beam  22   b  shown is in particular embodied as an outer longitudinal beam  22   b , which delimits the base frame  16   b  laterally. The longitudinal beam  22   b  is in particular arranged in a region of one of the two fixation rails via which the base frame  16   b  is connected to the cabin floor. The opposite-situated longitudinal beam, which is not shown in detail, is implemented identically and is in particular also connected to the cabin floor, in particular the fixation rails, in a same manner. The base frame  16   b  realizes a basic structure for the aircraft seat and for the aircraft seat superstructure. 
     The base frame  16   b  is coupled with the fixation rails on its rear side via two rear fitting elements  90   b . The rear fitting elements  90   b  are configured to be coupled with respectively one fixation rail in a force-fit and/or form-fit manner. The rear fitting elements  90   b  are in particular configured to be coupled with the respective fixation rail in a positionally fixed manner. In a mounted state the rear fitting elements  90   b  are preferentially fixated axially and horizontally in the respective fixation rail. The rear fitting elements  90   b  are coupled with the rear transversal beam  20   b . The base frame  16   b  comprises respectively two coupling elements  92   b ,  94   b , via which respectively one rear fitting element  90   b  is connected to the base frame  16   b . The first coupling element  92   b  is rigidly connected to the rear transversal beam  20   b . Preferably the first coupling element  92   b  is fixedly and rigidly connected to the rear transversal beam  20   b  via several screw connections. In a mounted state the first coupling element  92   b  protrudes below and beyond the rear transversal beam  20   b . The first coupling element  92   b  is preferably implemented of a rectangular cuboid. In particular, the first coupling element  92   b  is preferably implemented of a full material. On its lower end the coupling element  92   b  comprises a connection element, via which the first coupling element  92   b  is connectable to the second coupling element  94   b . The connection element is realized as a through hole. The second coupling element  94   b  is connected to the first coupling element  92   b , by a screw connection, via the connection element that is realized as a through hole. The screw connection preferably forms a rotation axle, via which in an overload case a compensation movement can take place between the two coupling elements  92   b ,  94   b , and thus between the base frame  16   b  and the rear fitting element  90   b . The second coupling element  94   b  is with a front end connected to the first coupling element  92   b . On a rear end the second coupling element  94   b  is coupled with the rear fitting element  90   b . The second coupling element  94   b  is connected to the rear fitting element  90   b  via a bolt  96   b . Principally it is also conceivable that the second coupling element  94   b  is connected to the rear fitting element  90   b  via a screw connection. The bolt  96   b  realizes a rotation axle via which the second coupling element  94   b  can be rotated relative to the rear fitting element  90   b  at least in an overload case. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two additional lower longitudinal beams  98   b . The two additional lower longitudinal beams  98   b  are respectively arranged in the region of the two longitudinal beams  22   b  of the base frame  16   b . The aircraft seat fixation device in particular comprises one additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  per each longitudinal beam  22   b  of the base frame  16   b  arranged above a fixation rail. In the mounted state the two additional lower longitudinal beams  98   b  are in particular arranged in a region of the guide rails. The base frame  16   b  is in a front portion coupled with the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b . The base frame  16   b  is at least partly arranged on the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b . On a rear end the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  has a receptacle by which it is connected to the second coupling element  94   b , respectively the rear fitting element  90   b , by means of the bolt  96   b . The longitudinal beam  98   b  is preferably rotatably coupled with the second coupling element  94   b , respectively the rear fitting element  90   b.    
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two front seat feet  28   b . The seat feet  28   b  are in particular implemented as seat base structure feet. The seat feet  28   b  are configured for a coupling of the seat base structure  14   b  with the aircraft structure  12   b . The seat feet  28   b  are respectively fixedly connected with respectively one of the additional lower longitudinal beams  98   b . The seat feet  28   b  are connected to a front end of the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b . Preferably the seat feet  28   b  are rigidly connected to the additional longitudinal beam  98   b . The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a fitting element  40   b  per each seat foot  28   b . The fitting elements  40   b  are configured for a coupling with the fixation rails. In a mounted state the fitting elements  40   b  are arranged with a first end in the fixation rail. A second end of the fitting elements  40   b  is in a mounted state fixedly coupled with a seat foot  28   b . The seat feet  28   b  are respectively connected with the corresponding fixation rail via the fitting element  40   b . The additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  is fixedly connected with the fixation rail, which is not shown in detail, via the fitting element  40   b . The seat foot  28   b , and thus the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b , are fixated in the fixation rail in a vertical direction. In an axial direction, the fitting element  40   b , and thus the seat foot  28   b  and the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b , are clamped and thereby axially fixated in the fixation rail via a spring element. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a plurality of compensation units  44   b . The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two compensation units  44   b . In particular, the aircraft seat fixation device comprises respectively one compensation unit  44   b  per each additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b . The aircraft seat fixation device in particular comprises respectively one compensation unit  44   b  per each longitudinal beam  22   b  arranged above a fixation rail. The compensation units  44   b  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   b  in an overload case. The compensation units  44   b  are in particular configured to permit a compensation movement of the base frame  16   b  in an overload case. In particular, the compensation units  44   b  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   b , in particular of the base frame  16   b , relative to the cabin floor. The compensation units  44   b  are preferably in particular configured to permit a compensation movement between the front fitting elements  40   b  and the rear fitting elements  90   b , in particular without deforming the base frame  16   b  in a longitudinal direction. The compensation units  44   b  are in particular configured such that it is possible, in an overload case, for a seat base structure  14   b , in particular the base frame  16   b , to move relative to the cabin floor. In particular, the compensation units  44   b  are configured such that, in an overload case, the base frame  16   b  can pivot relative to the cabin floor around an axis extending in a transverse direction. The compensation units  44   b  are respectively arranged between the one additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  and the base frame  16   b . The compensation units  44   b  are in particular arranged functionally between the one additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  and the base frame  16   b . The compensation units  44   b  are in particular arranged in a front region of the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  that faces toward the front seat foot  28   b . Preferably the compensation units  44   b  are in particular configured, in an overload case, to enable a height adjustment between the front fitting element  40   b  and the rear fitting element  90   b . The compensation units  44   b  are configured such that it is possible for the front fitting element  40   b , and thus also a front portion of the additional longitudinal beam  98   b , to get lowered relative to the rear fitting element  90   b , with the base frame  16   b  preferably remaining substantially in a same, preferably horizontal, position. 
     The compensation unit  44   b  comprises a lever element  100   b . The lever element  100   b  is connected with the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  via a bearing  102   b , which is not shown in detail. The lever element  100   b  is, preferably pivotally, coupled with the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  via the bearing  102   b . Preferentially the lever element  100   b  is supported such that it is eccentrically rotatable around a rotation axis. Advantageously the lever element  100   b  is coupled with the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  via a combination of a linear bearing and a rotational bearing. The lever element  100   b  is in particular connected to the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  with a lower portion. The lever element  100   b  is connected to the base frame  16   b  with an upper end. The compensation unit  44   b  comprises a holder  104   b . The holder  104   b  is fixedly connected with the base frame  16   b , in particular with the front transversal beam  18   b . The holder  104   b  is in particular fixedly connected on an underside of the front transversal beam  18   b . The holder  104   b  comprises a receptacle, via which the lever element  100   b  is pivotally connected to the holder  104   b . Preferably the lever element  100   b  is pivotally connected to the holder  104   b , and thus to the base frame  16   b , via a bolt  106   b.    
     In a normal operation state the compensation unit  44   b  is in a normal position. In the normal position the lever element  100   b  lies essentially flatly upon the additional lower longitudinal beam  98   b  (see  FIG. 5 ). In the normal position the lever element  100   b  is oriented substantially parallel to the additional longitudinal beam  98   b . In the normal position of the compensation unit  44   b , the base frame  16   b , in particular the longitudinal beam  22   b , is oriented parallel to the additional longitudinal beam  98   b . In the normal operation state the compensation unit  44   b  is locked in the normal position by the mass of the elements assembled on the base frame  16   b  and their mass inertia. Principally it would also be conceivable that the compensation unit  44   b  comprises a locking unit that additionally locks the compensation unit  44   b  in the normal operation state until a defined trigger force is reached. In an overload case (in particular  16 G test) the compensation unit  44   b  is configured to be adjusted into an overload position. In an overload position the lever element  100   b  is pivotable relative to the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  via the bearing  102   b  and relative to the base frame  16   b  via the bolt  106   b  and the holder  104   b . The lever element  100   b  is adjustable from the normal position to a maximally pivoted position (see  FIG. 7 ). In the maximally pivoted position of the lever element  100   b , the lever element  100   b  is oriented almost orthogonally to the additional longitudinal beam  98   b . The lever element  100   b  is continuously adjustable between the normal position and the maximally pivoted position. By the pivoting of the lever element  100   b  in an overload position, a distance and an angle between the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  and the base frame  16   b  are increased. This in particular enables a lowering of the front fitting element  40   b  and a front portion of the additional longitudinal beam  98   b , for example by a deformation of the cabin floor, an orientation of the base frame  16   b  remaining substantially the same. 
     The compensation unit  44   b  comprises a blocking unit  108   b . The blocking unit  108   b  is configured for blocking the lever element  100   b  in different positions between its normal position and the maximally pivoted position. The blocking unit  108   b  is in particular configured to prevent, after an adjustment from the normal position toward the maximally pivoted position, a resetting of the lever element  100   b  back to its normal position. For a blocking of the lever element  100   b , the blocking unit  108   b  comprises a toothing (not shown in detail) and an engagement element that is capable of engaging into different teeth of the toothing in different positions of the lever element  100   b  in order to block the lever element  100   b . It is preferably conceivable that the toothing of the lever element  100   b  and the engagement element are formed by the additional longitudinal beam  98   b , or that the toothing is formed by the additional longitudinal beam  98   b  and the engagement element is formed by the lever element  100   b . Preferably the lever element  100   b  is blockable by the blocking unit  108   b  at least substantially continuously between its normal position and its maximally pivoted position. “Substantially continuously blockable” is here in particular to mean that, from any position between the normal position and the maximally pivoted position, a blocking of the lever element  100   b  will occur after a further pivoting by maximally 3 degrees, preferentially maximally 1 degree. 
       FIGS. 8 to 10  show a third exemplary embodiment of an aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention. The aircraft seat fixation device is part of an aircraft seat arrangement  10   c . The aircraft seat arrangement  10   c  comprises an aircraft seat. The aircraft seat is implemented as a business-class or first-class aircraft seat. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   c  further comprises an aircraft seat superstructure. The aircraft seat superstructure is herein implemented as a structure forming a housing for the aircraft seat as well as in particular a console with depositing facilities and, for example, also a foot space for a further aircraft seat. The aircraft seat superstructure and the aircraft seat itself shall not be further described here and are not shown in detail in the figures. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   c  is configured to be installed in an aircraft. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   c  is configured to be mounted in an aircraft cabin. The aircraft cabin forms an aircraft structure  12   c . The aircraft structure  12   c  is implemented as a cabin floor. For a connection of aircraft seat arrangements  10   c  the aircraft cabin comprises fixation rails (not shown in detail), which are inserted in the aircraft structure  12   c  that is implemented as a cabin floor. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a seat base structure  14   c . The seat base structure  14   c  is in particular part of the aircraft seat arrangement  10   c . The seat base structure  14   c  is configured such that at least the aircraft seat is mounted thereon. The seat base structure  14   c  is implemented by a base frame  16   c . The base frame  16   c  comprises, equivalently to the first exemplary embodiment, two transversal beams  18   c ,  20   c  and at least two longitudinal beams  22   c . The transversal beams  18   c ,  20   c  and the longitudinal beams  22   c  are respectively connected to each other in a fixed manner, preferably in particular in a rigid manner. In particular, the transversal beams  18   c ,  20   c  and the longitudinal beams  22   c  are respectively screwed with one another. In the figures only the one longitudinal beam  22   c  is illustrated. 
     The base frame  16   c  is coupled with the guide rails on its rear side via two rear fitting elements  90   c . The rear fitting elements  90   c  are configured to be coupled with respectively one guide rail in a force-fit and/or form-fit manner. The rear fitting elements  90   c  are in particular configured to be coupled with the respective guide rail in a positionally fixed manner. In a mounted state the rear fitting elements  90   c  are preferentially fixated axially and horizontally in the respective guide rail. The rear fitting elements  90   c  are coupled with the rear transversal beam  20   c . The base frame  16   c  comprises respectively two coupling elements  92   c ,  94   c , via which respectively one rear fitting element  90   c  is connected to the base frame  16   c . The rear fitting element  90   c  is connected to the base frame  16   c  in a manner that is equivalent to the second exemplary embodiment. The coupling elements  92   c ,  94   c  are also implemented substantially identically to those of the second exemplary embodiment. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two front seat feet  28   c . The seat feet  28   c  are in particular implemented as seat base structure feet. The seat feet  28   c  are configured for a coupling of the seat base structure  14   c  with the aircraft structure  12   c . The seat feet  28   c  are respectively connected with the front transversal beam  18   c . The aircraft seat fixation device comprises one fitting element  40   c  per each seat foot  28   c . The fitting elements  40   c  are configured for a coupling with the fixation rails. In a mounted state the fitting elements  40   c  are arranged with a first end in the fixation rail. A second end of the fitting elements  40   c  is in a mounted state fixedly coupled with a seat foot  28   c.    
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises several compensation units  44   c . The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two compensation units  44   c . In particular, the aircraft seat fixation device comprises one compensation unit  44   c  per each seat foot  28   c . The compensation units  44   c  implement a connection of the fitting element  44   c  and of the seat foot  28   c  to the base frame  16   c . Preferably the compensation units are integrated in a connection of the fitting element  44   c  and of the seat foot  28   c  to the base frame  16   c . The compensation units  44   c  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   c  in an overload case. The compensation units  44   c  are in particular configured to permit a compensation movement of the base frame  16   c  in an overload case. In particular, the compensation units  44   c  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   c , in particular the base frame  16   c , relative to the cabin floor. The compensation units  44   c  are respectively arranged function-wise between the fitting element  40   c  and the base frame  16   c.    
     The seat feet  28   c  are in a normal operation state respectively connected to the transversal beam  18   c  via a holding element  112   c . The holding element  112   c  is part of the compensation unit  44   c . The holding element  112   c  is fixedly connected with the front transversal beam  18   c . The holding element  112   c  comprises two holding lugs  114   c , which are spaced apart from each other and which the seat foot  28   c  is arranged between. The holding lugs  114   c  respectively form a form-fit receptacle  116   c . The form-fit receptacles  116   c  are configured to allow a bolt to be held by them in a form-fit manner in a normal operation state. The seat foot  28   c  comprises a fixation sleeve  118   c . The fixation sleeve  118   c  is part of the compensation unit  44   c . The fixation sleeve  118   c  is configured to connect a front fitting element  40   c  to the seat foot  28   c . The front fitting element  40   c  is fixedly inserted in the fixation sleeve  118   c  on a lower end. The fitting element  40   c  protrudes with a lower end, which is configured for a coupling with the fixation rail, out of the lower end of the fixation sleeve  118   c.    
     The fixation sleeve  118   c  is connected within the seat foot  28   c . The fixation sleeve  118   c  is preferably supported in the seat foot  28   c , in particular such that it is axially displaceable. The fixation sleeve  118   c  is supported in a receptacle of the seat foot  28   c  via a slide bearing. The compensation unit  44   c  comprises a holding bolt  120   c . The holding bolt  120   c  is fixedly connected with the fixation sleeve  118   c . The holding bolt  120   c  protrudes sidewise beyond the fixation sleeve  118   c . The holding bolt  120   c  preferably protrudes in particular sidewise out of the seat foot  28   c . The seat foot  28   c  has respectively one long hole  122   c  in its two side walls. The holding bolt  120   c  extends through the two long holes  122   c . The long holes  122   c  preferably extend from an upper region of the seat foot  28   c  to a lower region of the seat foot  28   c . The holding bolt  120   c  is guided on the seat foot  28   c  via the long holes  122   c . Via the holding bolt  120   c  and the long holes  122   c , the fixation sleeve  118   c  is coupled with the seat foot  28   c  axially along the long holes  122   c . In a normal operation state the holding bolt  120   c  is arranged at an upper end of the long holes  122   c  and is secured in this position by means of the holding element  112   c . The holding bolt  120   c  is in the normal position preferably fixated in a form-fit manner via the form-fit receptacles  116   c  of the holding element  112   c . By way of the form-fit fixation of the holding bolt  120   c  at an upper end of the long holes  122   c , the fixation sleeve  118   c , and by this the entire seat foot  28   c , is in the normal operation state fixated on the base frame  16   c  in an operationally safe manner. 
     The compensation unit  44   c  comprises per each seat foot  28   c  a bolt connection via which the seat feet  28   c  are additionally connected to the base frame  16   c , in particular to the front transversal beam  18   c . The seat feet  28   c  are respectively coupled with the transversal beam  18   c  via a bolt  110   c . Each bolt  110   c  is preferably in particular configured for securing a seat foot  28   c  at the base frame  16   c  in a trigger position of the compensation unit  44   c . In the normal position a base-frame-side abutment  124   c  of the bolt  110   c  is preferably arranged spaced apart from the base frame  16   c . In case of a triggering the seat foot  28   c  can get released from the base frame  16   c  until the base-frame-side abutment  124   c  of the bolt  110   c  abuts on the base frame  16   c . In a normal operation state the seat foot  28   c  is fixated at the base frame  16   c  via the form-fit connection of the holding bolt  120   c  with the form-fit receptacle  116   c  of the holding element  112   c  and with the bolt  110   c . In the normal operation state the bolt  110   c  is tensioned with the seat foot  28   c  and the front transversal beam  18   c  by the normal forces, in particular weight forces, acting in the normal operation state, thus fixating the seat foot  28   c  and the front transversal beam  18   c  relative to each other. 
     The compensation unit  44   c  comprises a blocking unit  108   c . The blocking unit  108   c  is configured for blocking the fixation sleeve  118   c  in different positions relative to the seat foot  28   c . The blocking unit  108   c  is in particular configured for blocking the fixation sleeve  118   c  in differently far pulled-out positions relative to the seat foot  28   c . The blocking unit  108   c  comprises a plurality of grooves  126   c  placed in an outer surface of the fixation sleeve  118   c . The grooves  126   c  are placed in the fixation sleeve  118   c  spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction of the fixation sleeve  118   c . The blocking unit  108   c  comprises a leaf spring element  128   c , which is configured, for a blocking of the fixation sleeve  118   c  in different positions, to engage into the different grooves  126   c  of the blocking unit  108   c.    
     In an overload case the form-fit receptacles  116   c  of the holding element  112   c  are configured to be deformed plastically, in particular to break open. The form-fit receptacles  116   c  of the holding element  112   c  are in particular configured to break open when a critical load is reached. By the form-fit receptacles  116   c  of the holding element  112   c  breaking open, the holding bolt  120   c  is released. In a released state the holding bolt  120   c  can slide along in the corresponding long holes  122   c  of the seat foot  28   c . This enables the fixation sleeve  118   c , together with the fitting element  40   c  that is fixated therein, to move relative to the seat foot  28   c , in particular to be deployed out of the seat foot  28   c  downwards. This allows a distance between the fitting element  40   c  and the base frame  16   c  to be increased via the compensation unit  44   c . As a result it is, for example, possible for a deformation of the cabin floor to be compensated, in particular by the front fitting elements  40   c  lowering relative to the rear fitting elements  90   c . In this way an introduction of a force and/or a deformation of the seat base structure  14   c , in particular the base frame  16   c , is preventable in an overload case. If in the overload case the fixation sleeve  118   c  and the front fitting element  40   c  have been deflected by the impacting forces and the forces get abated, the blocking unit  108   c  blocks the fixation sleeve  118   c , and thus the front fitting elements  40   c , relative to the base frame  16   c . Forces may in particular also be transferred via the blocking unit  108   c  in a  16 G crash test and may in particular be introduced from the seat base structure  14   c  into the cabin floor via the blocking unit  108   c.    
       FIGS. 11 to 13  show a fourth exemplary embodiment of an aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention. The aircraft seat fixation device is part of an aircraft seat arrangement  10   d . The aircraft seat arrangement  10   d  comprises an aircraft seat. The aircraft seat is implemented as a business-class or first-class aircraft seat. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   d  further comprises an aircraft seat superstructure. The aircraft seat superstructure is herein implemented as a structure forming a housing for the aircraft seat and in particular a console with depositing facilities and, for example, also a foot space for a further aircraft seat. Neither the aircraft seat superstructure nor the aircraft seat itself shall be described here further and they are not illustrated in detail in the figures. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   d  is configured to be installed in an aircraft. The aircraft seat arrangement  10   d  is in particular configured to be mounted in an aircraft cabin. The aircraft cabin realizes an aircraft structure  12   d . The aircraft structure  12   d  is implemented as a cabin floor. For a connection of aircraft seat arrangements  10   d , the aircraft cabin comprises fixation rails (not shown in detail), which are inserted in the aircraft structure  12   d  that is implemented as a cabin floor. The aircraft seat fixation device comprises a seat base structure  14   d . The seat base structure  14   d  is in particular part of the aircraft seat arrangement  10   d . The seat base structure  14   d  is configured such that at least the aircraft seat is mounted thereon. The seat base structure  14   d  is implemented by a base frame  16   d . The base frame  16   d  comprises, equivalently to the first exemplary embodiment, two transversal beams  18   d ,  20   d  and at least two longitudinal beams  22   d . The transversal beams  18   d ,  20   d  and the longitudinal beams  22   d  are respectively connected to one another in a fixed manner, preferably in particular in a rigid manner. In particular, the transversal beams  18   d ,  20   d  and the longitudinal beams  22   d  are respectively screwed with one another. In the figures only the one longitudinal beam  22   d  is illustrated. The base frame  16   d  is on its rear side coupled with the guide rails via two rear fitting elements  90   d . The rear fitting elements  90   d  are configured to be coupled with respectively one guide rail by a force-fit and/or form-fit connection. The rear fitting elements  90   d  are in particular configured to be coupled with the respective guide rail in a positionally fixed manner. In a mounted state the rear fitting elements  90   d  are preferably fixated axially and horizontally in the respective guide rail. The rear fitting elements  90   d  are coupled with the rear transversal beam  20   d . The base frame  16   d  comprise respectively two coupling elements  92   d ,  94   d , via which respectively one rear fitting element  90   d  is connected to the base frame  16   d . The rear fitting element  90   d  is connected to the base frame  16   d  equivalently to the second exemplary embodiment. The coupling elements  92   d ,  94   d  are also implemented substantially identically to those of the second exemplary embodiment. 
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two front seat feet  28   d . The seat feet  28   d  are in particular realized as seat base structure feet. The seat feet  28   d  are configured for a coupling of the seat base structure  14   d  with an aircraft structure  12   d . The seat feet  28   d  are respectively fixedly connected with the front transversal beam  18   d . The front seat feet  28   d  are preferably fixedly connected to the base frame  16   d , in particular the front transversal beam  18   d , by a screw connection. The aircraft seat fixation device comprises per each seat foot  28   d  a fitting element  40   d . The fitting elements  40   d  are configured for coupling with the fixation rails. In a mounted state, the fitting elements  40   d  are arranged with a first end in the fixation rail. A second end of the fitting elements  40   d  is in a mounted state fixedly coupled with a seat foot  28   d.    
     The aircraft seat fixation device comprises several compensation units  44   d . The aircraft seat fixation device comprises two compensation units  44   d . In particular, the aircraft seat fixation device comprises one compensation unit  44   d  per each seat foot  28   d . The compensation units  44   d  form a connection of the fitting element  40   d  and the seat foot  28   d  to the base frame  16   d . Preferably the compensation units  44   d  are integrated in a connection of the fitting element  40   d  and the seat foot  28   d  to the base frame  16   d . The compensation units  44   d  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   d  in an overload case. The compensation units  44   d  are in particular configured to permit a compensation movement of the base frame  16   d  in an overload case. In particular, the compensation units  44   d  are configured to permit a compensation movement of the seat base structure  14   d , in particular the base frame  16   d , relative to the cabin floor. The compensation units  44   d  are respectively arranged function-wise between the fitting element  40   d  and the base frame  16   d.    
     The seat foot  28   d  comprises a fixation sleeve  118   d . The fixation sleeve  118   d  is part of the compensation unit  44   d . The fixation sleeve  118   d  is configured to connect a front fitting element  40   d  to the seat foot  28   d . The front fitting element  40   d  is fixedly inserted in the fixation sleeve  118   d  at a lower end. The fitting element  40   d  protrudes with a lower end, which is configured for a coupling with the fixation rail, out of the lower end of the fixation sleeve  118   d.    
     The fixation sleeve  118   d  is connected to the seat foot  28   d . The fixation sleeve  118   d  is preferably supported such that it is in particular axially displaceable in the seat foot  28   d . The fixation sleeve  118   d  is supported in a receptacle of the seat foot  28   d  via a slide bearing. Differently than in the third exemplary embodiment, the fixation sleeve  118   d  is configured to be fixated in the seat foot  28   d  via friction-fit connection. The fixation sleeve  118   d  has in an upper region a friction surface  130   d . The friction surface  130   d  is formed by a portion of an outer shell of the fixation sleeve  118   d . The compensation unit  44   d  comprises a friction element  132   d . The friction element  132   d  is embodied as a friction sleeve. The friction element  132   d  is configured, at least in a normal operation state, to create a friction-fit connection between the friction surface  130   d  of the fixation sleeve  118   d  and a shell surface  134   d  of the receptacle of the seat foot  28   d  in which the fixation sleeve  118   d  is supported. In a normal position of the compensation unit  44   d  the friction element  132   d  is arranged in a region of the friction surface  130   d  of the fixation sleeve  118   d . In the normal position it is possible for axial forces to be introduced from the seat foot  28   d  into the front fitting element  40   d  via a friction-fit connection between the shell surface  234   d  and the friction element  132   d , and the friction element  132   d  and the friction surface  130   d  of the fixation sleeve  118   d . By this friction-fit connection, it is possible for forces occurring in normal operation to be transferred away from the seat foot  28   d  into the fitting element  40   d, i . e. from the base frame  16   d  into the seat bottom. 
     The compensation unit  44   d  comprises a blocking unit  108   d . The blocking unit  108   d  is configured for a blocking of the fixation sleeve  118   d  in different positions relative to the seat foot  28   d . Differently than in the third exemplary embodiment, the blocking unit  108   d  is blockable by a friction-fit. The blocking unit  108   d  forms a friction conus  136   d  in an upper region of the fixation sleeve  118   d , in particular above the friction surface  130   d . The friction conus  136   d  tapers upwards. At an upper end the friction conus  136   d  has an outer diameter that is smaller than an inner diameter of the friction element  132   d  that is embodied as a friction sleeve. In an overload case, due to the fixation sleeve moving downward, the friction element  132   d  slips into a region above the friction conus  136   d . This allows the fixation sleeve  118   d  to be moved downwards out of the seat foot  28   d  by the force impacting in an overload case, preferably without a counteracting friction force. 
     When the force has abated in the overload case, the blocking unit  108   d  blocks the fixation sleeve  118   d  by a friction force between the friction conus  136   d , the friction element  132   d  and the shell surface  134   d . By a short upward movement of the fixation sleeve  118   d , the friction element  132   d  is pressed outward, towards the shell surface  134   d  of the receptacle of the seat foot  28   d , by the conus surface  136   d  of the fixation sleeve  118   d . As a result of this, the friction element  132   d  gets re-tensioned with the fixation sleeve  118   d  and the receptacle of the seat foot  28   d . This enables, after an overload case and a triggering of the compensation unit  44   d , a force to be transferred between the seat foot  28   d  and the fixation sleeve  118   d, i . e. in particular between the base frame  16   d  and the front fitting element  40   d , which means that it is in particular also possible for forces of a crash test ( 16 G test) to be transferred. 
       FIG. 14  exemplarily shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of an aircraft seat fixation device according to the invention. Differently than in the fourth exemplary embodiment, only a friction-fit connection between a front seat foot  28   e  and a fixation sleeve  118   e  for a front fitting element  40   e  is implemented in a different manner. For a fixation of the fixation sleeve  118   e  in a normal operation state and for a blocking of the fixation sleeve  118   e  in a deployed state, a compensation device  44   e  comprises a spring element  138   e . The spring element  138   e  is implemented as a spring pack. The spring element  138   e  is arranged in a lower region of the seat foot  28   e . The spring element  138   e  is clamped between a lower end of the seat foot  28   e  and a counter-holder element  140   e , which is fixedly connected with the seat foot  28   e . The spring element  138   e  has a through hole. In a mounted state the fixation sleeve  118   e  is guided through the through hole. The fixation sleeve  118   e  is in a friction contact with the spring element  138   e . In a normal operation state, a normal force occurring during operation can be transferred via the friction-fit connection between the spring element  138   e  and the fixation sleeve  118   e . In an overload case the spring element  138   e  is deformed, by a force acting onto the fixation sleeve  118   e  downwards, such that a normal force onto the fixation sleeve  118   e  is reduced and a friction force between the fixation sleeve  118   e  and the spring element  138   e  becomes so small that the fixation sleeve  118   e  can move downwards. This enables the fixation sleeve  118   e  to move downwards in an overload case, the compensation unit  44   e  thus increasing a distance between a front fitting element  40   e  and a base frame  16   e . In case of a force acting onto the fixation sleeve  118   e  upwards toward the seat foot  28   e , the spring element  138   e  is deformed such that a normal force onto the fixation sleeve  118   e  is increased and thus a friction force between the spring element  138   e  and the fixation sleeve  118   e  is increased. As a result of this, a blocking unit  108   e  of the compensation unit  44   e  can also be realized by the spring element  138   e . A principal functionality of the compensation unit  44   e  corresponds to the compensation units  44  of the exemplary embodiments two to four and will therefore not be described here once more in detail. 
     REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           10  aircraft seat fixation device 
           12  aircraft structure 
           14  seat base structure 
           16  base frame 
           18  transversal beam 
           20  transversal beam 
           22  longitudinal beam 
           24  longitudinal beam 
           26  longitudinal beam 
           28  seat foot 
           30  seat foot 
           32  seat foot connection 
           34  seat foot connection 
           36  fixation rail 
           38  fixation rail 
           40  fitting element 
           42  fitting element 
           44  compensation unit 
           46  compensation unit 
           48  swivel pin 
           50  rotation axle 
           52  connection member 
           54  connection member 
           56  connection member 
           58  connection member 
           60  through hole 
           68  receiving hole 
           70  through hole 
           72  through hole 
           74  through hole 
           76  through hole 
           78  positioning unit 
           80  holding plate 
           82  through hole 
           84  through hole 
           86  through hole 
           88  through hole 
           90  fitting element 
           92  coupling element 
           94  coupling element 
           96  bolt 
           98  longitudinal beam 
           100  lever element 
           102  bearing 
           104  holder 
           106  bolt 
           108  blocking unit 
           110  bolt 
           112  holding element 
           114  holding lugs 
           116  form-fit receptacle 
           118  fixation sleeve 
           120  holding bolt 
           122  long hole 
           124  abutment 
           126  groove 
           128  leaf spring 
           130  friction surface 
           132  friction element 
           134  shell surface 
           136  friction conus 
           138  spring element 
           140  counter-holder element