Patent Publication Number: US-11661819-B2

Title: Valve, method and system

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     In the fluid sequestration industry it is desirable to maintain fluids such as Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen in the supercritical phase prior to injecting them into a formation for safekeeping. There are operational benefits to maintaining the fluid in the supercritical phase but there are also detriments to do so since valves associated with the injection of the supercritical fluid into the formation tend to be damaged more than they would if the fluid were not supercritical. Damage is synonymous with cost and delay in the industry and hence is to be avoided. Therefore, the art will well receive alternative configurations and methods that reduce cost and increase efficiency. 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of a valve including a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a piston disposed in the housing, the piston having a first end and a second end, the piston movable between a position blocking fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet and a position allowing fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet, a pressure balance pathway through the housing porting the same pressure to both first and second ends of the piston, an actuator responsive to applied pressure on the valve, the actuator attached to the piston and a biasing arrangement configured to bias the actuator toward a closed position of the valve. 
     A method for injecting a sequestration fluid including maintaining the fluid at a supercritical phase upstream of a valve, opening the valve by increasing pressure of the fluid, delaying phase change of the fluid from supercritical to gas until the fluid in which phase change is taking place is downstream of the valve. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike: 
         FIG.  1    is a sectional view of a valve as disclosed herein in a valve closed position; 
         FIG.  1 A  is a section view of the valve in  FIG.  1    taken along section line A-A in  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  1 B  is a section view of the valve in  FIG.  1    taken along section line B-B  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  1 C  is a section view of the valve in  FIG.  1    taken along section line C-C  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  2    is the same view as  FIG.  1    in a flow position; 
         FIG.  3    is a sectional view of another embodiment of a valve as disclosed herein; 
         FIG.  4    is a view of a pressure drop configuration employed with the valve of  FIG.  1  or  3   ; and 
         FIG.  5    is a view of a wellbore system including a valve embodiment disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1 - 1 C , a valve  10  is illustrated. The valve  10  includes a housing  12  having a fluid inlet  14  and a fluid outlet  16 . A piston  18  is movably disposed within the housing  12 . A biasing arrangement  20  is in operable communication with the piston  18  through an actuator  22 . The biasing arrangement is configured to bias the actuator  22 , and thereby the piston  18 , to a position wherein the valve  10  is closed. The biasing arrangement  20  maintains the valve  10  in the closed position absent the application of a threshold pressure applied to open the valve  10 . It will be appreciated from  FIG.  1    that a seal area  24  defined by piston seal  26  has a diameter that is significantly greater than a seal area  28  defined by actuator seal  30 . In an embodiment, seal area  28  is no larger than half of seal area  24 . The seal areas are important for actuation purposes, which will become evident in connection with the disclosure below. 
     The housing  12  includes a pressure balance pathway  32  that ports pressure from upstream of the valve  10  (to the left in the Figure) to both ends  34  and  36  of the piston  18 . Equal pressure at both ends of piston  18  make the piston insensitive to applied pressure through a tubing string  23  or borehole tubular uphole of the valve  10 . Since high flow rates are desired, which dictates a large piston  18  and therefore large seal areas, it will be appreciated that if the piston  18  were not pressure balanced, a very large spring force would be needed to keep the piston  18  in the closed position ( FIG.  1   ) in the face of a large column of fluid in the string  23  uphole thereof. This is only exacerbated by the desire to manage the fluid to be sequestered in a supercritical phase (high pressure). All of the weight of the column, which may be thousands of feet long plus the pressure that fluid is under in order to remain in the supercritical phase must be counteracted by the bias arrangement if not for the following feature of this disclosure. The valve  10  avoids this issue by balancing the piston  18  and its large seal area  24  and configuring the valve with actuator  22  that is not balanced and has a much smaller seal area  28  upon which the pressure in the string  23  will act. The biasing arrangement  20  then may be much smaller or shorter or both since a much smaller counteractive force to that of the fluid to be sequestered acting only on a smaller seal area  28  is needed. Shorter springs mean shorter overall length for valves. Shorter valves are less unwieldy and more efficient, which makes them more desirable. 
     Upon applied pressure in the string, the actuator  22  is moved in a direction to compress the biasing arrangement  20 . Upon movement of the actuator  22 , the piston is moved with it. The movement of the piston  18  opens a flow path through the housing from the inlet  14  to the outlet  16 . This position is illustrated in  FIG.  2   . Fluid in the string  23  may then be urged to a volume downstream of the outlet  16 . 
     While the valve  10  may be employed in any fluid delivery system and benefit from the smaller required biasing arrangement force while maintaining a large flow path piston, the valve  10  is of particular value for supercritical fluid sequestration operations, especially when paired with a pressure reduction arrangement  40  (see  FIG.  3   ). 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , in one embodiment, the pressure reduction arrangement  40  is made a part of the housing  12  or is provided on an outside surface of the housing  12 . If arrangement  40  is on an outside surface of housing  12 , then a cover  42  may be disposed radially outwardly adjacent the arrangement  40  to provide for a flow pathway  44  that is enclosed. Arrangements that are within or on the surface of the housing  12  may include a tortuous path such as a zig zag, a maze, a spiral, etc. The pathway  44  may be configured as a fluidic diode as shown in  FIG.  4    in some embodiments and in variations, the fluidic diode may be a Tesla diode. For arrangements on a surface of housing  12 , standard of additive manufacture could be used. For arrangements that are made within a wall of the housing, and while it is still possible to use more traditional methods of manufacture, an additive manufacturing process would simplify the manufacture. 
     In each case, the pressure reduction arrangement  40  prevents a phase change of the sequestration fluid from a supercritical fluid to a gas until after that fluid has moved downstream of the valve  10 . This greatly reduces wear on the valve such as erosion and thereby increases reliability and service life of the valve  10 . The pressure reduction arrangement  40  must be close enough to the outlet  16  to prevent the phase change from supercritical to gas within the valve  10 . Generally, this means that the arrangement  40  must be within a range of about zero feet to about 20 feet of the outlet  16 . For example, supercritical Carbon Dioxide has a gradient of about 0.14-0.2 psi/ft (pounds per square inch per foot) at anticipated pressures/temperatures at which the valve  10  will be in service. Hence, for this sequestration fluid, up to about 20 feet distance between the valve  10  and the pressure reduction arrangement  40  will achieve the intent of maintaining the supercritical phase of the fluid with negligible pressure increase due to the fluid column in the string  23  and protecting the valve  10 , by avoiding the undesirable phase changes in the supply string  23  and the valve  10 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , a wellbore system  50  is illustrated. The system  50  includes a borehole  52  in a subsurface formation  54 . Disposed within the borehole  52  is a string  56 . A valve  10  is disposed within or as a part of the string. Further a pressure reduction arrangement  40  is disposed downstream of the valve  10 . 
     Set forth below are some embodiments of the foregoing disclosure: 
     Embodiment 1: A valve including a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a piston disposed in the housing, the piston having a first end and a second end, the piston movable between a position blocking fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet and a position allowing fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet, a pressure balance pathway through the housing porting the same pressure to both first and second ends of the piston, an actuator responsive to applied pressure on the valve, the actuator attached to the piston and a biasing arrangement configured to bias the actuator toward a closed position of the valve. 
     Embodiment 2: The valve as in any prior embodiment further including a seal area on the piston and a seal area on the actuator, the seal area on the actuator being smaller than the seal area on the piston. 
     Embodiment 3: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the seal area on the actuator is no more than half the seal area on the piston. 
     Embodiment 4: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the biasing arrangement is a spring. 
     Embodiment 5: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the biasing arrangement is disposed in a recess in the housing. 
     Embodiment 6: The valve as in any prior embodiment further including a pressure reduction arrangement fluidically connected to the outlet. 
     Embodiment 7: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the pressure reduction arrangement is a tortuous pathway. 
     Embodiment 8: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the pressure reduction arrangement is a fluidic diode. 
     Embodiment 9: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the fluidic diode is a Tesla diode. 
     Embodiment 10: The valve as in any prior embodiment, wherein the pressure reduction arrangement is disposed in and/or around the housing. 
     Embodiment 11: The valve as in any prior embodiment further including a cover that encloses a fluid pathway of the pressure reduction arrangement configured at an outside surface of the housing. 
     Embodiment 12: A method for injecting a sequestration fluid including maintaining the fluid at a supercritical phase upstream of a valve, opening the valve by increasing pressure of the fluid, delaying phase change of the fluid from supercritical to gas until the fluid in which phase change is taking place is downstream of the valve. 
     Embodiment 13: The method as in any prior embodiment, wherein the delaying is by flowing the supercritical fluid through a pressure reduction arrangement downstream of the valve. 
     Embodiment 14: The method as in any prior embodiment, wherein the pressure reduction arrangement is immediately fluidically downstream adjacent an outlet of the valve. 
     Embodiment 15: A wellbore system including a borehole in a subsurface formation, a string in the borehole, a valve as in any prior embodiment disposed in or as a part of the string. 
     Embodiment 16: A wellbore system as in any prior embodiment further including a pressure reduction arrangement fluidically connected to the outlet. 
     The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Further, it should be noted that the terms “first,” “second,” and the like herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms “about”, “substantially” and “generally” are intended to include the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipment available at the time of filing the application. For example, “about” and/or “substantially” and/or “generally” can include a range of ±8% or 5%, or 2% of a given value. 
     The teachings of the present disclosure may be used in a variety of well operations. These operations may involve using one or more treatment agents to treat a formation, the fluids resident in a formation, a wellbore, and/or equipment in the wellbore, such as production tubing. The treatment agents may be in the form of liquids, gases, solids, semi-solids, and mixtures thereof. Illustrative treatment agents include, but are not limited to, fracturing fluids, acids, steam, water, brine, anti-corrosion agents, cement, permeability modifiers, drilling muds, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, tracers, flow improvers etc. Illustrative well operations include, but are not limited to, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation, tracer injection, cleaning, acidizing, steam injection, water flooding, cementing, etc. 
     While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. Also, in the drawings and the description, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms may have been employed, they are unless otherwise stated used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention therefore not being so limited.