Patent Publication Number: US-2022223249-A1

Title: System and method for reduced infusion administration line error

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/136,609, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCED INFUSION ADMINISTRATION LINE ERROR,” filed on Jan. 12, 2021, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This application relates generally to reducing infusion administration line error. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Medical devices such as infusion devices are used to administer medical fluids to patients. An infusion administration line error may occur when an infusion container housing the medical fluid is not correctly associated to an infusion administration set and/or the infusion administration set is not correctly associated to an infusion pump. When infusion order parameters recorded in an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system is sent to a different infusion pump from that which is intended to carry out the infusion, the medical fluid may not be infused at the correct flow rate or other infusion parameters. 
     SUMMARY 
     Correctly associating an infusion container to an infusion administration set, and an infusion pump can increase patient safety by ensuring that the correct drug is infused to a patient at the correct flow rate and for the correct duration. Similarly, medical record keeping for the patient can also be more seamlessly carried out when the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system is able to verify that the correct patient is receiving the correct drug using a particular administration set that is loaded into the correct infusion pump. Manually checking for infusion administration line error may be time-consuming, and can cause user frustration, which may compromise patient safety if an infusion administration line error is not timely detected. 
     For example, some association methods use pressure changes (e.g., a caregiver squeezing on the infusion container and detecting a change in pressure downstream in an infusion line of the administration set) or other additional steps to confirm the proper bag-set-pump associational relationship. Such manual confirmation methods may benefit from the systems, devices, and methods described herein that provide an automated, more intuitive, and visual way to confirm the proper associational relationship is in place prior to starting an infusion. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for systems, devices, and methods that help ensure that the infusion container, the infusion administration set, and the infusion pump are correctly associated. 
     Part of the infusion preparation process may include the caregiver associating an infusion order recorded at the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system to (1) a fluid container (e.g., bags, bottles, etc.) including the medication to be infused, (2) an administration set used to infuse the container of medication, and (3) an infusion pump that performs the infusion process. Associating the infusion order may include using a scanner to scan a unique identifier (e.g., a 2D barcode) associated with the infusion fluid container of medication, and using the scanner to scan a unique identifier associated with the administration set. 
     The disclosed devices, systems and methods may adjust the infusion pump in response to detecting an incorrect association between the container and pumping module. The adjustment may include activating a perceivable indicator, adjusting a display or other user interface, adjusting power supply or mode, stopping or slowing a motor, or the like. For example, the adjustment may cause the pump to generate an alert indicating that an incorrect association is present. As an additional or alternative adjustment, the adjustment may cause the pump to prohibit operation such as preventing initiation of the infusion until the correct association between the infusion fluid container, the administration set, and the infusion pump is made. This can help automate the initiation of the infusion process such that only infusion processes without any infusion administration line errors are permitted to proceed. 
     The disclosed subject matter also relates to a method of associating a fluid container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device includes receiving, at an infusion device, an indication that an administration set is being coupled to a pump, the indication including an administration set identifier of the administration set. The method includes transmitting to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, data about an association of an infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier. The method includes receiving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, first information about a content of the infusion container associated with the infusion container identifier. The method includes receiving, at the infusion device, a drug identification for a medical fluid to be infused. The method includes evaluating, at the infusion device, the drug identification with the first information about the content of the infusion container. In accordance with a determination that the first information about the content of the infusion container matches the drug identification: permitting the pump to start infusing the content of the infusion container. And in accordance with a determination that the first information about the content of the infusion container does not match the drug identification of the medical fluid received at the pump: preventing the pump from infusing the content of the infusion container; and generating an alert indicating that the content of the infusion container does not match the drug identification received at the infusion device. The method may be implemented using a system that includes one or more processors and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the method described herein. 
     Other aspects include corresponding apparatus, and computer program products for implementation of the corresponding system and its features. 
     It is understood that other configurations of the subject technology will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein various configurations of the subject technology are shown and described by way of illustration. As will be realized, the subject technology is capable of other and different configurations and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings. Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures and description. 
         FIG. 1  depicts an example of an institutional patient care system of a healthcare organization, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 2  depicts an example of a system for reducing infusion administration line errors, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 3A  depicts a first example workflow  300 , according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 3B  shows a second example workflow  350 , according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 4  depicts an example method for associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 5  is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example electronic system for associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made to implementations, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of the various described implementations. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the implementations. 
       FIG. 1  depicts an example of an institutional patient care system  100  of a healthcare organization, according to aspects of the subject technology. In  FIG. 1 , a patient care device (or “medical device” generally)  12  is connected to a hospital network  10 . The term patient care device (or “PCD”) may be used interchangeably with the term patient care unit (or “PCU”), either which may include various ancillary medical devices such as an infusion pump, a vital signs monitor, a medication dispensing device (e.g., cabinet, tote), a medication preparation device, an automated dispensing device, a module coupled with one of the aforementioned (e.g., a syringe pump module configured to attach to an infusion pump), or other similar devices. Each patient care device  12  is connected to an internal healthcare network  10  by a transmission channel  31 . Transmission channel  31  is any wired or wireless transmission channel, for example an 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). In some implementations, network  10  also includes computer systems located in various departments throughout a hospital. For example, network  10  of  FIG. 1  optionally includes computer systems associated with an admissions department, a billing department, a biomedical engineering department, a clinical laboratory, a central supply department, one or more unit station computers and/or a medical decision support system. As described further below, network  10  may include discrete subnetworks. In the depicted example, network  10  includes a device network  41  by which patient care devices  12  (and other devices) communicate in accordance with normal operations. 
     Additionally, institutional patient care system  100  may incorporate a separate information system server  130 , the function of which will be described in more detail below. Moreover, although the information system server  130  is shown as a separate server, the functions and programming of the information system server  130  may be incorporated into another computer, if such is desired by engineers designing the institution&#39;s information system. Institutional patient care system  100  may further include one or multiple device terminals  132  for connecting and communicating with information system server  130 . Device terminals  132  may include personal computers, personal data assistances, mobile devices such as laptops, tablet computers, augmented reality devices, or smartphones, configured with software for communications with information system server  130  via network  10 . 
     Patient care device  12  comprises a system for providing patient care, such as that described in Eggers et al., which is incorporated herein by reference for that purpose. Patient care device  12  may include or incorporate pumps, physiological monitors (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, EEG, pulse oximeter, and other patient monitors), therapy devices, and other drug delivery devices may be utilized according to the teachings set forth herein. In the depicted example, patient care device  12  comprises a control module  14 , also referred to as interface unit  14 , connected to one or more functional modules  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 . Interface unit  14  includes a central processing unit (CPU)  50  connected to a memory, for example, random access memory (RAM)  58 , and one or more interface devices such as user interface device  54 , a coded data input device  60 , a network connection  52 , and an auxiliary interface  62  for communicating with additional modules or devices. Interface unit  14  also, although not necessarily, includes a main non-volatile storage unit  56 , such as a hard disk drive or non-volatile flash memory, for storing software and data and one or more internal buses  64  for interconnecting the aforementioned elements. 
     In various implementations, user interface device  54  is a touch screen for displaying information to a user and allowing a user to input information by touching defined areas of the screen. Additionally or in the alternative, user interface device  54  could include any means for displaying and inputting information, such as a monitor, a printer, a keyboard, softkeys, a mouse, a track ball and/or a light pen. Data input device  60  may be a bar code reader capable of scanning and interpreting data printed in bar coded format. Additionally or in the alternative, data input device  60  can be any device for entering coded data into a computer, such as a device(s) for reading a magnetic strips, radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices whereby digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart labels (defined below) are captured by the reader  60  via radio waves, PCMCIA smart cards, radio frequency cards, memory sticks, CDs, DVDs, or any other analog or digital storage media. Other examples of data input device  60  include a voice activation or recognition device or a portable personal data assistant (PDA). Depending upon the types of interface devices used, user interface device  54  and data input device  60  may be the same device. Although data input device  60  is shown in  FIG. 1  to be disposed within interface unit  14 , it is recognized that data input device  60  may be integral within pharmacy system  34  or located externally and communicating with pharmacy system  34  through an RS-232 serial interface or any other appropriate communication means. Auxiliary interface  62  may be an RS-232 communications interface, however any other means for communicating with a peripheral device such as a printer, patient monitor, infusion pump or other medical device may be used without departing from the subject technology. Additionally, data input device  60  may be a separate functional module, such as modules  116 ,  118 ,  120  and  122 , and configured to communicate with controller  14 , or any other system on the network, using suitable programming and communication protocols. 
     Network connection  52  may be a wired or wireless connection, such as by Ethernet, WiFi, BLUETOOTH, an integrated services digital network (ISDN) connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem or a cable modem. Any direct or indirect network connection may be used, including, but not limited to a telephone modem, an MIB system, an RS232 interface, an auxiliary interface, an optical link, an infrared link, a radio frequency link, a microwave link or a WLANS connection or other wireless connection. 
     Functional modules  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  are any devices for providing care to a patient or for monitoring patient condition. As shown in  FIG. 1 , at least one of functional modules  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  may be an infusion pump module such as an intravenous infusion pump for delivering medication or other fluid to a patient. For the purposes of this discussion, functional module  116  is an infusion pump module. Each of functional modules  118 ,  120 ,  122  may be any patient treatment or monitoring device including, but not limited to, an infusion pump, a syringe pump, a PCA pump, an epidural pump, an enteral pump, a blood pressure monitor, a pulse oximeter, an EKG monitor, an EEG monitor, a heart rate monitor or an intracranial pressure monitor or the like. Functional module  118 ,  120  and/or  122  may be a printer, scanner, bar code reader or any other peripheral input, output or input/output device. 
     Each functional module  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  communicates directly or indirectly with interface unit  14 , with interface unit  14  providing overall monitoring and control of device  12 . Functional modules  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  may be connected physically and electronically in serial fashion to one or both ends of interface unit  14  as shown in  FIG. 1 , or as detailed in Eggers et al. However, it is recognized that there are other means for connecting functional modules with the interface unit that may be utilized without departing from the subject technology. It will also be appreciated that devices such as pumps or patient monitoring devices that provide sufficient programmability and connectivity may be capable of operating as stand-alone devices and may communicate directly with the network without connected through a separate interface unit or control unit  14 . As described above, additional medical devices or peripheral devices may be connected to patient care device  12  through one or more auxiliary interfaces  62 . 
     Each functional module  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  may include module-specific components  76 , a microprocessor  70 , a volatile memory  72  and a nonvolatile memory  74  for storing information. It should be noted that while four functional modules are shown in  FIG. 1 , any number of devices may be connected directly or indirectly to controller unit  14 . The number and type of functional modules described herein are intended to be illustrative, and in no way limit the scope of the subject technology. Module-specific components  76  include any components necessary for operation of a particular module, such as a pumping mechanism for infusion pump module  116 . 
     While each functional module may be capable of a least some level of independent operation, interface unit  14  monitors and controls overall operation of device  12 . For example, as will be described in more detail below, interface unit  14  provides programming instructions to the functional modules  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  and monitors the status of each module. The programming instructions may be based a volume or flow rate detected using at least some of the features described. 
     Patient care device  12  is capable of operating in several different modes, or personalities, with each personality defined by a configuration database. The configuration database may be a database  56  internal to patient care device, or an external database  37 . A particular configuration database is selected based, at least in part, by patient-specific information such as patient location, age, physical characteristics, or medical characteristics. Medical characteristics include, but are not limited to, patient diagnosis, treatment prescription, medical history, medical records, patient care provider identification, physiological characteristics or psychological characteristics. As used herein, patient-specific information also includes care provider information (e.g., physician identification) or a patient care device&#39;s  10  location in the hospital or hospital computer network. Patient care information may be entered through interface device  52 ,  54 ,  60  or  62 , and may originate from anywhere in network  10 , such as, for example, from a pharmacy server, admissions server, laboratory server, and the like. 
     Medical devices incorporating aspects of the subject technology may be equipped with a Network Interface Module (NIM), allowing the medical device to participate as a node in a network. While for purposes of clarity the subject technology will be described as operating in an Ethernet network environment using the Internet Protocol (IP), it is understood that concepts of the subject technology are equally applicable in other network environments, and such environments are intended to be within the scope of the subject technology. 
     Data to and from the various data sources can be converted into network-compatible data with existing technology, and movement of the information between the medical device and network can be accomplished by a variety of means. For example, patient care device  12  and network  10  may communicate via automated interaction, manual interaction or a combination of both automated and manual interaction. Automated interaction may be continuous or intermittent and may occur through direct network connection  54  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ), or through RS232 links, MIB systems, RF links such as BLUETOOTH, IR links, WLANS, digital cable systems, telephone modems or other wired or wireless communication means. Manual interaction between patient care device  12  and network  10  involves physically transferring, intermittently or periodically, data between systems using, for example, user interface device  54 , coded data input device  60 , bar codes, computer disks, portable data assistants, memory cards, or any other media for storing data. The communication means in various aspects is bidirectional with access to data from as many points of the distributed data sources as possible. Decision-making can occur at a variety of places within network  10 . For example, and not by way of limitation, decisions can be made in health information server (HIS)  30 , decision support  48 , remote data server  49 , hospital department or unit stations  46 , or within patient care device  12  itself. 
     Direct communications with medical devices operating on a network in accordance with the subject technology may be performed through information system server  30 , also known as the remote data server (RDS). In accordance with aspects of the subject technology, network interface modules incorporated into medical devices such as, for example, infusion pumps or vital signs measurement devices, ignore all network traffic that does not originate from an authenticated RDS. The primary responsibilities of the RDS of the subject technology are to track the location and status of all networked medical devices that have NIMs, and maintain open communication. 
     Flow rate refers to the volume of fluid that is displaced over time, and can be either instantaneous flow or cumulative flow. Instantaneous flow is the volume of flow over a fixed period of time. Cumulative flow is the cumulative value of flow from the start to the finish of the measurement. For example, a 500 mL of medication infused over a period of 8 hour, represents a cumulative flow rate of (500 mL/8 hour) 62.5 mL/hr. Flow rate accuracy performance is typically described by trumpet curves which display the flow continuity for both the instantaneous and cumulative flow rates. 
     The pump flow rate depends on factors such as tubing dimensions (e.g., inner diameter, length, material properties), mechanism speed (e.g., cam rotations per minute (RPM)), and tubing occlusion which is the amount of squeeze applied to the tubing to create a fluid seal. The pump flow rate is also dependent on the tubing wall thickness and occluder finger force. Nonconformance in any of these or other fault conditions can result in uncontrolled flow rate or volume delivered by the pump. Thus, there is a need to be able to verify the flow rate and volume delivered by the pump, present a notification of any aberrant condition, and, if possible, adjust one or more medical devices to ensure and enhance patient safety. 
       FIG. 2  depicts an example of a system for reducing infusion administration line errors, according to aspects of the subject technology. The system  200  includes an infusion pump  202  controlled by an infusion device  204 . The infusion device  204  may control additional infusion pumps in addition to the infusion pump  202 . In some implementations, the infusion device  204  includes a communication module  206  (e.g., a wireless communication module, a wired communication module). In some implementations, the communication module  206  of the infusion device  204  includes a network data transceiver. 
     An infusion container  230  houses a medication that is to be infused to a patient. The infusion container  230  includes a unique identifier that is associated to the infusion container  230 . In some implementations, the infusion container may be an infusion container, and the identifier of the infusion container may be a bag identifier  234 . In some implementations, the bag identifier  234  is a barcode or other optically scannable indicia that is affixed to the infusion container, and the barcode can be read or scanned by a scanner. In some implementations, a caregiver who prepares the infusion container  230  affixes the bag identifier  234  onto the infusion container  230  and provides information about the medication content (e.g., drug identification, drug concentration, bag volume) of the infusion container  230  to the data network system  208 . A data record in the data network system associates the bag identifier  234  to the specific medication content within the infusion container  230 . In this way, the data network system is also able to identify the medication administered to a patient simply by using the bag identifier to search for the data record that associates the bag identifier to the medication contained in the infusion container  230 . 
     An administration set  232  is used to infuse the content of the infusion container  230  to a patient via the infusion pump  202 . In some implementations, the administration set  232  includes a set identifier  236  that is attached to the administration set  232 . The set identifier  236  may be included in a clamp of a flow stop (not shown in  FIG. 2 ). The clamp may include electronic circuitry or a communication module (e.g., RF transmitter or RF tag) that transmits and receives communication data signals that provide identity information about the administration set  232 . The clamp may be first associated with a tubing of the administration set to form the set identifier. In some implementations, the set identifier  236  may include a 2D barcode that can be read or scanned by a scanner. 
     The infusion system  200  includes an administration set receiver  246 . The infusion pump may be configured to provide a force to at least a portion of the administration set  232  after the administration set is received by the administration set receiver  246 . In some implementations, the administration set receiver  246  includes an administration set key channel for receiving an administration set key included in the administration set  232 , and a sensor having a detection field of at least a portion of the administration set key channel. In some implementations, the set identifier  236  includes the administration set key. When the administration set  232  is loaded into the infusion pump  202 , the infusion pump  202  may receive identifying information from the set identifier  236 , allowing the infusion pump  202  to identify the administration set  232  that has been loaded. For example, detecting the administration set identifier  236  may include activating the sensor in the administration set receiver  246 , and receiving a value from the sensor detected from the administration set key received by the administration set key channel. In some implementations, the sensor in the administration set receiver  246  is an optical sensor that is configured to scan a barcode that forms the administration set key. In some implementations, the sensor in the administration set receiver  246  is an electronic sensor that is configured to receive electrical control signals from the administration set key that identifies the administrate set  232 . In some implementations, the administration set receiver  246  may be integrated within the infusion device  204  and/or be mechanically engaged with the administration set  232 . In some implementations, the administration set receiver  246  is an add-on or standalone device separate from the infusion device  204  and is only optionally mechanically engaged with the administration set  232 . 
     In some implementations, infusion pump  202  is also able to record how long the administration set  232  has been loaded into the infusion pump  202 , and how long the administration set  232  is actively used to infuse medication to the patient. The infusion device  204  and/or the infusion pump  202  is able to generate an alert signal when the administration set  232  has exceeded the duration of use specified for the administration set (e.g., 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours). 
     According to various implementations, a scanner  238  (e.g., an optical scanning device) may be used to scan one or more of the bag identifier  234 , the set identifier  236 , or a unique identifier  244  affixed on the infusion pump  202 . The scanner  238  may be a handheld scanner, or a mobile device having a camera or scanning capabilities. In some implementations, the scanner is able to receive an RF transmission/communication signals from the set identifier  236 , and retrieve identifying information about the administration set  232  from the communication signals. The scanner  238  is able to transmit the scanned information to the infusion device  204  via a communication connection  240   c . In some implementations, the scanner transmits the scanned information directly to the data network system  208  using a communication connection  240   a . In some implementations, the scanner  238  may transmit the scanned information to a workstation of the caregiver. 
     In some implementations, the infusion system  200  includes a wireless scanning device  248 . The wireless scanning device  248  is able to detect and receive the infusion container identifier after the infusion container enters a scanning range scans of the wireless scanning device  248 . For example, in some implementations, the wireless scanning device  248  emits a electromagnetic signal that is reflected by an infusion container identifier that is in the scanning range of the wireless scanning device. The reflected signal is then detected by the wireless scanning device  248 , and the wireless scanning device  248  is able to provide the infusion container identifier to a processor that is configured to identify an association between the infusion container identifier and an administration set identifier. In some implementations, the wireless scanning device  248  may be integrated within the infusion device  204 . In some implementations, the wireless scanning device  248  may be an add-on or standalone device separate from the infusion device  204 . In some implementations, an RFID or other signaling device  242  is affixed to the infusion container  230 . The RFID or signaling device  242  is able to receive a communication signal from the communication module  206  of the infusion device  204 . The communication signal can activate the RFID or signaling device  242  to switch on an LED light on the signaling device  242 . 
     The system  200  provides data connections between a data network system  208  and the infusion device  204 . The data network system  208  may include an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system  210 , a coordination engine  212 , an online drug library  214 , and an infusion system server  216 . In some implementations, the coordination engine  212  includes an infusion adaptor  218 . The infusion adaptor  218  provides a template to the coordination engine  212  to allow different preconfigured internal messaging protocols to be built for different infusion-specific applications of the infusion device  204 . 
     The electronic medical records storage and retrieval system  210  (hereinafter “EMR system  210 ”) stores, for a particular patient, infusion orders and other medications prescribed by a doctor to that particular patient. In addition, the EMR system  210  may also create auto-programming request (APR) messages that are delivered to the infusion device  204  to program the infusion pump  202  for a particular infusion order. In some implementations, the EMR system may include verification or infusion software and/or instructions that create the APR messages. In some implementations, these software and/or instructions may be a separate system on a different server and/or system. 
     In some implementations, the APR messages that are sent to the infusion device are routed through the coordination engine  212  and the infusion system server  216 . In some implementations, the coordination engine  212  interacts with the infusion device  204  via the infusion adaptor  218 . The infusion adaptor  218  is an application that interfaces between the infusion device  204  and the coordination engine  212 . The coordination engine  212  performs various functions, including checking that the order information in the APR messages sent from the EMR system  210  to the infusion device  204  is complete and no required fields are missing or contain invalid data values. 
     In some implementations, the EMR system  210  receives a “start infusion request” command from the infusion device  204  and uses a unique identifier  244  (e.g., serial number of the infusion pump  202 ) scanned by the scanner and medication information entered by a caregiver to create an auto programming request (APR) message. In some implementations, a particular infusion pump lights up where the caregiver may load the administration set without the caregiver having to scan the unique identifier  224  associated with the infusion pump channel. In some implementations, when the set identifier  236  is not automatically detected by the infusion pump, the scanner  238  is controlled to expect a third scan of a unique identifier (e.g.,  244 ) associated with the infusion pump  202 . The EMR system  210  sends the correct infusion order parameters (e.g., fluid flow rate, infusion time, infusion volume, etc.) to the infusion device  204  (or the infusion pump  202 ) to begin the infusion process for the correct patient. According to various implementations, the APR message is sent to the coordination engine  212 . Messages received by the coordination engine  212  may be stored in a tracing database. When the coordination engine determines that the order information is complete and that a system time associated with the EMR system  210  is synchronized with a system time associated with the coordination engine  212  (e.g., within ±15 seconds), the APR message is accepted and an acknowledgement message may be sent back to the EMR system  210 . In some implementations, an Infusion Administration Verification screen on the workstation of the caregiver displays a first confirmation at this stage in the process of the APR message. If there are incomplete fields or invalid data (e.g., wrong number of digits in the serial number field) or the system times are not synchronized, an error message may be sent to the EMR system  210 , and an error message may be provided to the caregiver. 
     In some implementations, an infusion process begins when a medical personnel (e.g., a doctor) prescribes an infusion order for a medication to a patient. The same or a different medical personnel (e.g., a pharmacist, a nurse) may then verify the infusion order and the order is added to the patient&#39;s medical record in the EMR system  210 . A caregiver (e.g., a nurse) at a site where the patient is to receive the infusion can access the medical record of the patient from the caregiver&#39;s workstation, or the infusion device, and may be notified of when a pending infusion order is to be provided to the patient. The caregiver may then retrieve a container of medication specified in the infusion order from a pharmacy or medication storage and prepares for the infusion. In some implementations, the bag identifier  234  may be affixed on the infusion container  230  by the caregiver administering the infusion process. 
       FIG. 3A  depicts a first example workflow  300 , according to aspects of the subject technology. A caregiver associates, at a step  302 , a set identifier (e.g.,  236 ) with an identifier of the infusion container (e.g.,  234 ). In some implementations, associating the set identifier with the bag identifier involves sequentially scanning the set identifier  236  and the bag identifier  234 . 
     In some implementations, a software installed or deployed on a caregiver&#39;s workstation, or within the infusion device  204 , receives and processes communication data from the scanner  238  communicatively coupled to the workstation or the infusion device  204  (e.g., via Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi, near-field communication (NFC), ZigBee, etc.). The scanner allows the caregiver to associate the bag identifier  234  to the set identifier  236 . For example, the scanner  238  may be controlled by software operating on the infusion device  204 , or on the caregiver&#39;s workstation to expect, in a first scan, the bag identifier. When the scanner transmits the information to the infusion device  204  or workstation, and the scanner may then be controlled to collect, via a second scan, the set identifier (e.g.,  236 ). After the scanner transmits the information set identifier  236 , the scanner may then be controlled to collect, via a third scan, a unique identifier associated with the infusion pump  202 . In some implementations, the infusion device  204  processes the sequentially transmitted scanned bag identifier and the set identifier, pairs the data and sends the paired dataset to the data network system  208 . 
     In some implementations, instead of sequentially transmitting the scanned bag identifier and set identifier to the infusion device  204 , the set identifier and the bag identifier recorded by the scanner are transmitted as a paired dataset to the infusion device  204  or the data network system  208 . The paired dataset records the pairing of the particular bag identifier to the particular set identifier. In this way, a search in a database of the data network system  208  for the bag identifier may also return the corresponding paired set identifier associated with the bag identifier. 
     As described earlier, the bag identifier may also provide identification of the drug that is housed within the infusion container. The drug information associated with the bag identifier may be provided to the central system by a different caregiver (e.g., a pharmacist) than the caregiver who is associating the bag identifier to the set identifier. 
     The caregiver, at a step  304 , loads the administration set  232  to a particular infusion pump  202  (or module) in the infusion device  204 . Loading the administration set  232  may involve mechanically engaging the administration set to a corresponding receiving receptacle in the pump  202 . 
     The infusion pump  202  includes electronics and circuitry, and at a step  306 , detects the set identifier of the administration set that is loaded in the infusion pump  202 . In some implementations, the set identifier  236  may emit a wireless signal that is detected by the pump  202 . In some implementations, the set identifier  236  may send an electrical signal to the infusion pump  202 , for example, through an electrical connection mediated through the receiving receptacle in the pump  202 . 
     The infusion pump  202  receives, in a step  308 , identification of the drug to be infused through the pump  202 . In some implementations, the drug identification is received from the data network system  208 . For example, the drug identification is extracted from an APR sent to the infusion device  204  from the data network system  208 . In some implementations, the caregiver provides the drug identification at the infusion device  204 , for example, using a touch screen or softkeys at the infusion device  204  to select the drug to be infused. 
     Once the set identifier  236  is obtained in Step  306 , the infusion pump  202  can retrieve, at a step  310 , through the data network system  208 , the bag identifier  234  associated with the set identifier  236 . In some implementations, the data network system  208 , retrieves the drug information associated with the bag identifier  234 , through the pairing association, and sends the drug information to the infusion device  204 . 
     The infusion device  204  evaluates (e.g., compares) the drug information received through the pairing association, with the drug information obtained from the step  308 . When the infusion device  204  determines that the drug information matches, the infusion device  204 , at a step  312 , activates or lights a “start infusion” button on the infusion pump  202 , allowing the caregiver to trigger the “start infusion” button to begin the infusion process. 
     In some implementations, the drug information provided by the caregiver in the step  308  is transmitted, via the communication module  206  to the data network system  208 . The data network system  208  may then evaluate (e.g., compare) the received drug information with the drug information from the pairing association. When the data network system  208  determines that the drug information matches, the data network system  208  sends a control signal to the infusion device  204  permitting the infusion process to begin at the infusion pump  202 . For example, the control signal allows the infusion process to begin (e.g., by presenting, activating or lighting a control element, such as a “start infusion” button on a display of the infusion pump  202 ) once the caregiver triggers the “start” button to activate the pump for delivering the content of the infusion container. In some implementations, the infusion device  204  interprets the data associated with the infusion order as a series of manual button presses. In some implementations, the infusion device  204  also checks that the medication contained in the infusion order exists in the online drug library  214  and that the dosing parameters are correct/valid. 
     If the drug associated with bag identifier does not correspond to the received drug identification provided in the step  308 , the infusion pump  202  may, at a step  314 , prevent the infusion process from starting (e.g., by deactivating a trigger button on the infusion pump  202  that allows the infusion process to start). In some implementations, the infusion device may prompt the caregiver to take additional remedial actions. For example, the infusion device  204  may generate an alert, or ay provide an interface update on a display of the infusion device, and or transmit messages to various systems within the data network system  208 . 
     The association process reduces line error by automatically checking the accuracy of the association of the bag, the administration set and the infusion pump after the caregiver scans the various identifiers. The infusion system  200  is also able to monitor a usage metric for the administration set  232 . For example, a processor within the infusion system  200  (e.g., within the infusion device  204 , or external to the infusion device  204 ) is configured to generate a usage metric for the administration set based at least in part on a time when the pump starts infusing the content of the infusion container. The processor is configured to detect non-compliance of the usage metric with a safety threshold; and cause an adjustment to at least one physical characteristic of the infusion system. For example, the physical characteristic may include a sound alarm to alert a caregiver that the administration set  232  has been used for a time period exceeding a safety threshold (e.g., 24 hours, or 48 hours). The physical characteristic may also include a visual alarm presented on a display of the infusion device  204 . 
       FIG. 3B  shows a second example workflow  350 , according to aspects of the subject technology. A caregiver, at a step  352 , affixes an RFID or other signaling device (e.g.,  242 ) to the infusion container (e.g.,  230 ), and the RFID is associated with a bag identifier (e.g.,  234 ) of the infusion container (e.g.,  230 ). Associating the RFID or signaling device to the infusion container  230  may include scanning, by the caregiver, the RFID or signaling device, and the bag identifier, sequentially. In some implementations, the scanner may be controlled by software operating on the caregiver&#39;s workstation to expect, an RF signal from the RFID. When the scanner transmits the information to the workstation, the scanner may then be controlled to collect, via a scan, the bag identifier  234 . A processor processes the collected data and pairs the signaling device  242  to the bag identifier  234 . The processor may be a processor in the caregiver&#39;s workstation, or the processor may be a local processor on the scanner  238 , which then causes the paired dataset to be transmitted to the caregiver&#39;s workstation. The paired dataset creates a first association between the bag identifier and RFID and the signaling device. In some implementations, only the association information (not the raw scanned data) is transmitted to the data network system  208 . 
     At the site where the infusion is to be carried out (e.g., a patient&#39;s bedside), the set identifier (e.g.,  236 ) is associated, in a step  354 , with the bag identifier. Associating the set identifier with the bag identifier may use the process described with respect to the first example workflow  300 . For example, a caregiver administering the infusion to the patient (e.g., a nurse, a nurse assistant, a doctor) may use a scanner that is controlled by software operating on the infusion device  204 , or on the caregiver&#39;s workstation to expect, in a first scan, the bag identifier. When the scanner transmits the information to the infusion device or workstation, the central system may ascertain that the bag identifier has already been associated in the system to the RFID, by the caregiver. The scanner may then be controlled to collect, via a second scan, the set identifier. The association data for the bag identifier and the set identifier may be processed by the infusion device  204  or the workstation, and be sent to the data network system  208 . Alternatively, the collected data may be sent directly to the data network system  208 , and the association data is extracted and processed (e.g., paired) by a processor at the data network system  208 . 
     The administration set is loaded, at a step  356 , into the infusion pump (e.g.,  202 ). Loading the administration set may involve mechanically engaging the administration set to a corresponding receiving receptacle in the pump  202 . 
     The infusion pump  202  includes electronics and circuitry and detects, at a step  356 , the set identifier (e.g.,  236 ) at the infusion pump  202 . In some implementations, the set identifier  236  may emit a wireless signal that is detected by the infusion pump  202 . In some implementations, the set identifier  236  may send an electrical signal to the pump  202 , for example, through an electrical connection mediated through the receiving receptacle in the infusion pump  202 . 
     Based on the set identifier detected in the step  358 , the infusion device  204  queries, at a step  360 , a paired associational information database of the data network system  208  for the bag identifier  234  that is matched to the set identifier  236 . 
     Based on the bag identifier determined at the step  360 , the infusion device queries, at a step  362 , the paired associational information database of the data network system  208 , for the identifier of the RFID or signaling device  242  that is affixed to the infusion container  230 . 
     The infusion device  204  sends, at a step  362 , a signal to activate the RFID or signaling device  242  identified in the step  360 . In some implementations, a wireless signal may be transmitted by a component, other than the infusion device  204 , communicatively coupled to the data network system  208  to activate the RFID or signaling device  242 . 
     The signal used to activate the RFID or the signaling device may cause a visual change. For example, an LED near or on the RFID or signaling device  242  may be lit upon the RFID or signaling device receiving the activation signal. The caregiver visually confirms, at a step  364 , activation of the signaling device  242  prior to starting an infusion process. 
     In some implementations, the associational information is processed locally at the infusion device  204  or the caregiver&#39;s workstation without relying on the data network system  208 . In some implementations, the associational information scanned by the caregiver is relayed to and displayed on the caregiver&#39;s workstation and/or the infusion device. In some implementations, the second example workflow  350  allows the caregiver to ensure that a particular medical fluid prepared by a different caregiver at a first location (e.g., the pharmacy) is correctly prepared for infusion to a particular patient at a second location (e.g., bedside). In addition, the correct administration set and the correct infusion pump are correctly associated and recorded in the data network system  208 . 
     In some implementations, the signal in the step  362  used to activate the RFID or the signaling device  242  activates an LED of a particular color, and the infusion pump  202  to which the administration set is loaded also has an indicator light of the same color. This may further assist the caregiver to more quickly confirm the correction association of the infusion container at a particular infusion pump, without having to conduct time-consuming physical infusion line tracing. 
     In some implementations, the administration set may further include a fiber optic thread (e.g., on or within the tubing). An additional light emitter may also be provided in the infusion pump. The light emitter may direct light along the fiber optic thread, allowing a caregiver to visually confirm the correct association of the administration set to both the infusion pump and the infusion container. 
     In some implementations, an infusion order is sent down to the infusion device  204  from a data network system  208  (e.g., the EMR  210 ). The infusion device  204  may control up to four infusion pumps (channels). 
     The caregiver is able to decide the actual sequence of scanning. In some implementations, the caregiver loads the administration set (having an attached infusion container) into the infusion pump before scanning the bag identifier and the set identifier. The data network system  208  may decide, based on the received association data, which infusion pump of the infusion device to send the infusion order to. In some implementations, the infusion device detects which administration set was most recently loaded, and the infusion order received from the central system to the infusion device is routed to the infusion pump having the most recently loaded administration set. 
     Scanning the set identifier also allows the data network system  208  and/or the infusion device  204  to keep track of how long the set identifier has been loaded into the infusion pump and how long the administration set has been put in use. 
     In some implementations, the infusion device may hold multiple APRs. Once the administration set is loaded into the particular infusion pump, the infusion device is able to determine, from the set identifier (and the associated bag identifier containing the medical fluid) which of the multiple APRs contains the infusion order that corresponds to the set identifier. In some implementations, the display at the infusion device may show that the first order is being initiated at the infusion pump. In some implementations, an indicator light associated with the infusion pump may also light up. 
     According to various implementations, the systems and methods cross checks the infusion container and the administration set association, and ensure that the identifiers (e.g., bag identifier and set identifier) that are scanned are loaded in a pumping channel that correctly receives the infusion order from the data network system  208 . The infusion device  204  may have the hardware to detect the set identifier of the ID set (e.g., ID1). In addition, the infusion device  204  (e.g., PCU) also receives a set identifier (e.g., ID2) that was scanned and sent wirelessly. The infusion device then checks that the set identifier detected at the infusion pump matches the set identifier that was received wirelessly (e.g., ID 1 matches ID2). 
       FIG. 4  depicts an example method for associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, according to aspects of the subject technology. For explanatory purposes, the various blocks of example method  400  are described herein with reference to  FIGS. 1-3 , and the components and/or processes described herein. The one or more of the blocks of method  400  may be implemented, for example, by one or more computing devices such as those described above. In some implementations, one or more of the blocks may be implemented apart from other blocks, and by one or more different processors or devices. Further for explanatory purposes, the blocks of example method  400  are described as occurring in serial, or linearly. However, multiple blocks of example method  400  may occur in parallel. In addition, the blocks of example method  400  need not be performed in the order shown and/or one or more of the blocks of example method  400  need not be performed. 
     In the depicted example, an infusion device receives an indication that the administration set is being coupled to the pump, the indication including an administration set identifier of the administration set ( 402 ). The infusion device transmits to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, data about an association of an infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier ( 404 ). The infusion device receives from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, first information about a content of the infusion container associated with the infusion container identifier ( 406 ). The infusion device receives a drug identification for a medical fluid to be infused ( 408 ). The infusion device evaluates (e.g., compares) the drug identification with the first information about the content of the infusion container ( 410 ). For example, a drug name and drug concentration are extracted from the first information about the content of the infusion container, and compared against the drug name and drug concentration provided in the drug identification. The infusion device determines, based on the evaluating, whether the first information corresponds to the drug identification ( 412 ). In accordance with a determination that the first information about the content of the infusion container corresponds to (e.g., matches) the drug identification: the pump is permitted to start infusing the content of the infusion container ( 414 ). For example, the drug name from the first information about the content of the infusion container, matches the drug name provided in the drug identification. In accordance with a determination that the first information about the content of the infusion container does not match the drug identification of the medical fluid received at the pump: the pump is prevented from infusing the content of the infusion container; and the system generates an alert indicating that the content of the infusion container does not match the drug identification received at the infusion device ( 416 ). 
     In some implementations, an infusion system includes an administration set receiver; a pump disposed to provide a force to at least a portion of an administration set after the administration set is received by the administration set receiver; a network data transceiver; and a processor configured to: detect an administration set identifier for the administration set received by the administration set receiver; transmit, via the network data transceiver to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, a message identifying an association between an infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier; receive, via the network data transceiver from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, first information about a content of the infusion container associated with the infusion container identifier; receive a drug identification for a medical fluid to be infused; determine that the first information corresponds to the drug identification; and permit the pump to start infusing the content of the infusion container. 
     In some implementations, the administration set receiver includes: an administration set key channel for receiving an administration set key included on the administration set; and a sensor having a detection field of at least a portion of the administration set key channel; and detecting the administration set identifier includes: activating the sensor; and receiving a value from the sensor detected from the administration set key received by the administration key channel. 
     In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the infusion container identifier from an optical scanning device. In some implementations, the infusion system further includes a wireless scanning device having a scanning range covering from the pump to the infusion container. The processor is configured to receive the infusion container identifier from the wireless scanning device after the infusion container enters the scanning range. In some implementations, permitting the pump to start infusing includes presenting, via a display of the infusion system, a control element to activate the pump for delivering the content of the infusion container. In some implementations, the processor is configured to: generate a usage metric for the administration set based at least in part on a time when the pump starts infusing the content. The processor is configured to: detect non-compliance of the usage metric with a safety threshold; and cause an adjustment to at least one physical characteristic of the infusion system. 
     In some implementations, a method of associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device includes receiving, at an infusion device, an indication that an administration set is being coupled to a pump, the indication including an administration set identifier of the administration set. The method includes transmitting to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, data about an association of an infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier. The method includes receiving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, first information about a content of the infusion container associated with the infusion container identifier. The method includes receiving, at the infusion device, a drug identification for a medical fluid to be infused. The method includes evaluating, at the infusion device, the drug identification with the first information about the content of the infusion container. The method includes determining, based on the evaluating, whether the first information corresponds to the drug identification. In accordance with determining that the first information about the content of the infusion container matches the drug identification: permitting the pump to start infusing the content of the infusion container. And in accordance with determining that the first information about the content of the infusion container does not match the drug identification of the medical fluid received at the pump: preventing the pump from infusing the content of the infusion container; and generating an alert indicating that the content of the infusion container does not match the drug identification received at the infusion device. 
     In some implementations, the infusion container identifier includes a first 2D barcode, the administration set identifier includes a second 2D barcode. The data about the association of the infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier includes data obtained from sequentially scanning the first 2D barcode and the second 2D barcode. In some implementations, scanner used for scanning the first 2D barcode and the second 2D barcode includes a communication unit that transmits scanned information to the infusion device. In some implementations, electronic medical records storage and retrieval system receives and stores the association of an infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier. In some implementations, the method further includes monitoring, by the infusion device, a usage metric of the administration set after the administration set is coupled with the pump. In some implementations, receiving, at the infusion device, the drug identification for the medical fluid to be infused includes receiving manually entered data. In some implementations, receiving, at the infusion device, the drug identification for the medical fluid to be infused includes receiving the drug identification from an infusion order sent to the infusion device from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system. In some implementations, the infusion device is configured to store a plurality of infusion orders, and automatically downloading infusion parameters associated with a respective one of the plurality of infusion orders involving the medical fluid to the pump the administration set is coupled to. In some implementations, transmitting the data about the association of the infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier occurs after the administration set is coupled to the pump. In some implementations, the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system sends infusion order information to the pump the administration set is coupled to, after determining that the first information about the content of the infusion container matches the drug identification of the medical fluid. In some implementations, the data about the association of the infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier and are generated before the administration set is coupled to the pump. In some implementations, a method of infusing the medical fluid to a patient, includes associating the infusion container, the administration set, and the pump of the infusion device prior to enabling the infusion pump to begin infusing the content of the infusion container using a one-touch start button at the infusion device. 
     In some implementations, a method of associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, the method includes receiving an indication that a signaling device has been affixed to an infusion container, and receiving data associating the signaling device with an infusion container identifier. The method includes receiving data associating an administration set identifier with infusion container identifier. The method includes transmitting, to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, information associating the infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier. The method includes receiving an indication that the administration set is being coupled to the pump, the indication including the administration set identifier. The method includes retrieving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, the infusion container identifier based on the administration set identifier. The method includes retrieving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, the data associating the signaling device with the infusion container, based on infusion container identifier. The method includes transmitting, by the infusion device, a signal to the signaling device to activate a visual display indicating that the pump is associated with the infusion container. 
     In some implementations, the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system includes data about a content of the infusion container associated with the identifier of the infusion container. In some implementations, the signaling device includes a RFID and a plurality of LED emitting light of different colors. In some implementations the signaling device is affixed is different from a location where the administration set identifier and the infusion container identifier are associated. In some implementations, a signaling device is affixed at a pharmacy and the administration set identifier and the infusion container identifier are associated at a bedside of a patient. 
       FIG. 5  is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example electronic system for associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, according to aspects of the subject technology. Electronic system  500  may be a computing device for execution of software associated with one or more portions or steps of process, or components and processes provided by  FIGS. 1-3 , including but not limited to server  130 , computing hardware within patient care device  12 , or terminal device  132 . Electronic system  500  may be representative, in combination with the disclosure regarding  FIGS. 1-3 . In this regard, electronic system  500  may be a personal computer or a mobile device such as a smartphone, tablet computer, laptop, PDA, an augmented reality device, a wearable such as a watch or band or glasses, or combination thereof, or other touch screen or television with one or more processors embedded therein or coupled thereto, or any other sort of computer-related electronic device having network connectivity. 
     Electronic system  500  may include various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. In the depicted example, electronic system  500  includes a bus  508 , processing unit(s)  512 , a system memory  504 , a read-only memory (ROM)  510 , a permanent storage device  502 , an input device interface  514 , an output device interface  506 , and one or more network interfaces  516 . In some implementations, electronic system  500  may include or be integrated with other computing devices or circuitry for operation of the various components and processes previously described. 
     Bus  508  collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of electronic system  500 . For instance, bus  508  communicatively connects processing unit(s)  512  with ROM  510 , system memory  504 , and permanent storage device  502 . 
     From these various memory units, processing unit(s)  512  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the subject disclosure. The processing unit(s) can be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different implementations. 
     ROM  510  stores static data and instructions that are needed by processing unit(s)  512  and other modules of the electronic system. Permanent storage device  502 , on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when electronic system  500  is off. Some implementations of the subject disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as permanent storage device  502 . 
     Other implementations use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash drive, and its corresponding disk drive) as permanent storage device  502 . Like permanent storage device  502 , system memory  504  is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device  502 , system memory  504  is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. System memory  504  stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at runtime. In some implementations, the processes of the subject disclosure are stored in system memory  504 , permanent storage device  502 , and/or ROM  510 . From these various memory units, processing unit(s)  512  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some implementations. 
     Bus  508  also connects to input and output device interfaces  514  and  506 . Input device interface  514  enables the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. Input devices used with input device interface  514  include, e.g., alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices”). Output device interfaces  506  enables, e.g., the display of images generated by the electronic system  500 . Output devices used with output device interface  506  include, e.g., printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD). Some implementations include devices such as a touchscreen that functions as both input and output devices. 
     Also, as shown in  FIG. 5 , bus  508  also couples electronic system  500  to a network (not shown) through network interfaces  516 . Network interfaces  516  may include, e.g., a wireless access point (e.g., Bluetooth or WiFi) or radio circuitry (e.g., transceiver, antenna, amplifier) for connecting to a wireless access point. Network interfaces  516  may also include hardware (e.g., Ethernet hardware) for connecting the computer to a part of a network of computers such as a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), wireless LAN, personal area network (“PAN”), or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system  500  can be used in conjunction with the subject disclosure. 
     These functions described above can be implemented in computer software, firmware or hardware. The techniques can be implemented using one or more computer program products. Programmable processors and computers can be included in or packaged as mobile devices. The processes and logic flows can be performed by one or more programmable processors and by one or more programmable logic circuitry. General and special purpose computing devices and storage devices specifically configured for the infusion features described can be interconnected through communication networks. 
     Some implementations include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (also referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media). Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM), recordable compact discs (CD-R), rewritable compact discs (CD-RW), read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM), a variety of recordable/rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic and/or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable Blu-Ray® discs, ultra density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media can store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter. 
     While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, some implementations are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In some implementations, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. 
     As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium” and “computer readable media” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; e.g., feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. In addition, a computer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receiving documents from a device that is used by the user; e.g., by sending web pages to a web browser on a user&#39;s client device in response to requests received from the web browser. 
     Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a specifically configured computing system that includes a back end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject matter described in this specification, or any combination of one or more such back end, middleware, or front end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), an inter-network (e.g., the Internet), and peer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks). 
     The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and may interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In some implementations, a server transmits data (e.g., an HTML page) to a client device (e.g., for purposes of displaying data to and receiving user input from a user interacting with the client device). Data generated at the client device (e.g., a result of the user interaction) can be received from the client device at the server. 
     Those of skill in the art would appreciate that the various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods, and algorithms described herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods, and algorithms have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. The described functionality may be implemented in varying ways for each particular application. Various components and blocks may be arranged differently (e.g., arranged in a different order, or partitioned in a different way) all without departing from the scope of the subject technology. 
     It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     Illustration of Subject Technology as Clauses: 
     Various examples of aspects of the disclosure are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples, and do not limit the subject technology. Identifications of the figures and reference numbers are provided below merely as examples and for illustrative purposes, and the clauses are not limited by those identifications. 
     Clause 1. An infusion system comprising: an administration set receiver; a pump disposed to provide a force to at least a portion of an administration set after the administration set is received by the administration set receiver; a network data transceiver; and a processor configured to: detect an administration set identifier for the administration set received by the administration set receiver; transmit, via the network data transceiver to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, a message identifying an association between an infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier; receive, via the network data transceiver from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, first information about a content of the infusion container associated with the infusion container identifier; receive a drug identification for a medical fluid to be infused; determine that the first information corresponds to the drug identification; and permit the pump to start infusing the content of the infusion container. 
     Clause 2. The infusion system of Clause 1, wherein the administration set receiver includes: an administration set key channel for receiving an administration set key included on the administration set; and a sensor having a detection field of at least a portion of the administration set key channel; and wherein detecting the administration set identifier includes: activating the sensor; and receiving a value from the sensor detected from the administration set key received by the administration key channel. 
     Clause 3. The infusion system of Clause 1, wherein the processor is configured to receive the infusion container identifier from an optical scanning device. 
     Clause 4. The infusion system of Clause 1, further comprising a wireless scanning device having a scanning range covering from the pump to the infusion container; and wherein the processor is configured to receive the infusion container identifier from the wireless scanning device after the infusion container enters the scanning range. 
     Clause 5. The infusion system of Clause 1, wherein permitting the pump to start infusing includes presenting, via a display of the infusion system, a control element to activate the pump for delivering the content of the infusion container. 
     Clause 6. The infusion system of Clause 1, wherein the processor is configured to: generate a usage metric for the administration set based at least in part on a time when the pump starts infusing the content. 
     Clause 7. The infusion system of Clause 6, wherein the processor is configured to: detect non-compliance of the usage metric with a safety threshold; and cause an adjustment to at least one physical characteristic of the infusion system. 
     Clause 8. A method of associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, the method comprising: receiving, at an infusion device, an indication that an administration set is being coupled to a pump, the indication including an administration set identifier of the administration set, transmitting to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, data about an association of an infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier; receiving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, first information about a content of the infusion container associated with the infusion container identifier; receiving, at the infusion device, a drug identification for a medical fluid to be infused; evaluating, at the infusion device, the drug identification with the first information about the content of the infusion container; determining, based on the evaluating, whether the first information corresponds to the drug identification; in accordance with determining that the first information corresponds to the drug identification, permitting the pump to start infusing the content of the infusion container; and in accordance with determining that the first information does not correspond to the drug identification of the medical fluid received at the pump: preventing the pump from infusing the content of the infusion container; and generating an alert indicating that the content of the infusion container does not correspond to the drug identification received at the infusion device. 
     Clause 9. The method of Clause 8, wherein the infusion container identifier comprises a first 2D barcode, the administration set identifier comprises a second 2D barcode, and the data about the association of the infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier comprises data obtained from sequentially scanning the first 2D barcode and the second 2D barcode. 
     Clause 10. The method of Clause 9, wherein a scanner used for scanning the first 2D barcode and the second 2D barcode includes a communication unit that transmits scanned information to the infusion device. 
     Clause 11. The method of Clause 10, wherein the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system receives and stores the association of an infusion container identifier with the administration set identifier. 
     Clause 12. The method of Clause 8, further comprising monitoring, by the infusion device, a usage metric of the administration set after the administration set is coupled with the pump. 
     Clause 13. The method of Clause 8, wherein receiving, at the infusion device, the drug identification for the medical fluid to be infused comprises receiving manually entered data. 
     Clause 14. The method of claim Clause 8, wherein receiving, at the infusion device, the drug identification for the medical fluid to be infused comprises receiving the drug identification from an infusion order sent to the infusion device from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system. 
     Clause 15. The method of Clause 8, wherein the infusion device is configured to store a plurality of infusion orders, and automatically downloading infusion parameters associated with a respective one of the plurality of infusion orders involving the medical fluid to the pump the administration set is coupled to. 
     Clause 16. The method of Clause 8, wherein transmitting the data about the association of the infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier occurs after the administration set is coupled to the pump, and the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system sends infusion order information to the pump the administration set is coupled to, after determining that the first information about the content of the infusion container matches the drug identification of the medical fluid. 
     Clause 17. The method of Clause 8, wherein the data about the association of the infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier and are generated before the administration set is coupled to the pump. 
     Clause 18. A method of infusing the medical fluid to a patient, comprising associating the infusion container, the administration set, and the pump of the infusion device according to Clause 1 prior to enabling the infusion pump to begin infusing the content of the infusion container using a one-touch start button at the infusion device. 
     Clause 19. A method of associating an infusion container, an administration set, and a pump of an infusion device, the method comprising: receiving an indication that a signaling device has been affixed to an infusion container, and receiving data associating the signaling device with an infusion container identifier; receiving data associating an administration set identifier with infusion container identifier; transmitting, to an electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, information associating the infusion container identifier and the administration set identifier; receiving an indication that the administration set is being coupled to the pump, the indication including the administration set identifier; retrieving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, the infusion container identifier based on the administration set identifier; retrieving, from the electronic medical records storage and retrieval system, the data associating the signaling device with the infusion container, based on infusion container identifier; and transmitting, by the infusion device, a signal to the signaling device to activate a visual display indicating that the pump is associated with the infusion container. 
     Clause 20. The method of Clause 19, wherein the signaling device comprises a RFID and a plurality of LED emitting light of different colors. 
     FURTHER CONSIDERATION 
     It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The previous description provides various examples of the subject technology, and the subject technology is not limited to these examples. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the invention described herein. 
     The term website, as used herein, may include any aspect of a website, including one or more web pages, one or more servers used to host or store web related content, etc. Accordingly, the term website may be used interchangeably with the terms web page and server. The predicate words “configured to”, “operable to”, and “programmed to” do not imply any particular tangible or intangible modification of a subject, but, rather, are intended to be used interchangeably. For example, a processor configured to monitor and control an operation or a component may also mean the processor being programmed to monitor and control the operation or the processor being operable to monitor and control the operation. Likewise, a processor configured to execute code can be construed as a processor programmed to execute code or operable to execute code. 
     The term automatic, as used herein, may include performance by a computer or machine without user intervention; for example, by instructions responsive to a predicate action by the computer or machine or other initiation mechanism. The word “example” is used herein to mean “serving as an example or illustration.” Any aspect or design described herein as “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. 
     A phrase such as an “aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples. A phrase such as an aspect may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as an “embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all implementations, or one or more implementations. An embodiment may provide one or more examples. A phrase such as an “embodiment” may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa. A phrase such as a “configuration” does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples. A phrase such as a “configuration” may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa. 
     As used herein, the terms “determine” or “determining” encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, generating, obtaining, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like via a hardware element without user intervention. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like via a hardware element without user intervention. “Determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like via a hardware element without user intervention. 
     As used herein, the terms “provide” or “providing” encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “providing” may include storing a value in a location of a storage device for subsequent retrieval, transmitting a value directly to the recipient via at least one wired or wireless communication medium, transmitting or storing a reference to a value, and the like. “Providing” may also include encoding, decoding, encrypting, decrypting, validating, verifying, and the like via a hardware element. 
     As used herein, the term “message” encompasses a wide variety of formats for communicating (e.g., transmitting or receiving) information. A message may include a machine readable aggregation of information such as an XML document, fixed field message, comma separated message, JSON, a custom protocol, or the like. A message may, in some embodiments, include a signal utilized to transmit one or more representations of the information. While recited in the singular, it will be understood that a message may be composed, transmitted, stored, received, etc. in multiple parts. 
     As used herein, the terms “correspond” or “corresponding” encompasses a structural, functional, quantitative and/or qualitative correlation or relationship between two or more objects, data sets, information and/or the like, preferably where the correspondence or relationship may be used to translate one or more of the two or more objects, data sets, information and/or the like so to appear to be the same or equal. Correspondence may be assessed using one or more of a threshold, a value range, fuzzy logic, pattern matching, a machine learning assessment model, or combinations thereof. 
     In any embodiment, data generated or detected can be forwarded to a “remote” device or location, where “remote,” means a location or device other than the location or device at which the program is executed. For example, a remote location could be another location (e.g., office, lab, etc.) in the same city, another location in a different city, another location in a different state, another location in a different country, etc. As such, when one item is indicated as being “remote” from another, what is meant is that the two items can be in the same room but separated, or at least in different rooms or different buildings, and can be at least one mile, ten miles, or at least one hundred miles apart. “Communicating” information references transmitting the data representing that information as electrical signals over a suitable communication channel (e.g., a private or public network). “Forwarding” an item refers to any means of getting that item from one location to the next, whether by physically transporting that item or otherwise (where that is possible) and includes, at least in the case of data, physically transporting a medium carrying the data or communicating the data. Examples of communicating media include radio or infra-red transmission channels as well as a network connection to another computer or networked device, and the internet or cellular networks. 
     As used herein a “user interface” (also referred to as an interactive user interface, a graphical user interface or a UI) may refer to a network based interface including data fields and/or other control elements for receiving input signals or providing electronic information and/or for providing information to the user in response to any received input signals. Control elements may include dials, buttons, icons, selectable areas, or other perceivable indicia presented via the UI that, when interacted with (e.g., clicked, touched, selected, etc.), initiates an exchange of data for the device presenting the UI. A UI may be implemented in whole or in part using technologies such as hyper-text mark-up language (HTML), FLASH™, JAVA™ .NET™, web services, or rich site summary (RSS). In some implementations, a UI may be included in a stand-alone client (for example, thick client, fat client) configured to communicate (e.g., send or receive data) in accordance with one or more of the aspects described. The communication may be to or from a medical device, diagnostic device, monitoring device, or server in communication therewith.