Patent Publication Number: US-2022215899-A1

Title: Affinity prediction method and apparatus, method and apparatus for training affinity prediction model, device and medium

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 202110011160.6, filed on Jan. 6, 2021, with the title of “Affinity prediction method and apparatus, method and apparatus for training affinity prediction model, device and medium.” The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the field of computer technologies, and particularly relates to the field of artificial intelligence technologies, such as machine learning technologies, smart medical technologies, or the like, and particularly to an affinity prediction method and apparatus, a method and apparatus for training an affinity prediction model, a device and a medium. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Usually, a target of a human disease is a protein playing a key role in a development of the disease, and may also be referred to as a protein target. A drug makes the corresponding protein lose an original function by binding to the target protein, thereby achieving an inhibition effect on the disease. In a process of researching and developing a new drug, a prediction of an affinity between the protein target and a compound molecule (drug) is a quite important link. With the affinity prediction, a high-activity compound molecule which may be tightly bound to the protein target is found and continuously optimized to finally form the drug available for treatment. 
     In a conventional method, an in-vitro activity experiment is required to be performed on the compound molecules of the finally formed drug one by one to accurately detect the affinity between the drug and the protein target. Although high throughput experiments may now be performed hundreds or thousands of times in a short time, such an experiment still has a quite high cost, and such an experimental approach is still not feasible in the face of an almost infinite compound space and tens of millions of compound structures. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides an affinity prediction method and apparatus, a method and apparatus for training an affinity prediction model, a device and a medium. 
     According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for training an affinity prediction model, including collecting a plurality of training samples, each training sample including information of a training target, information of a training drug and a test data set corresponding to the training target; and training an affinity prediction model using the plurality of training samples. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an affinity prediction method, including acquiring information of a target to be detected, information of a drug to be detected and a test data set corresponding to the target to be detected; and predicting an affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the information of the target to be detected, the information of the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected. 
     According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for screening drug data, including screening information of several drugs with a highest predicted affinity with a preset target from a preset drug library using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on a test data set corresponding to the preset target; acquiring a real affinity of each of the several drugs with the preset target obtained by an experiment based on the screened information of the several drugs; and updating the test data set corresponding to the preset target based on the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target. 
     According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform a method for training an affinity prediction model, wherein the method includes collecting a plurality of training samples, each training sample including information of a training target, information of a training drug and a test data set corresponding to the training target; and training an affinity prediction model using the plurality of training samples. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform an affinity prediction method, wherein the method includes acquiring information of a target to be detected, information of a drug to be detected and a test data set corresponding to the target to be detected; and predicting an affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the information of the target to be detected, the information of the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform a method for screening drug data, wherein the method includes screening information of several drugs with a highest predicted affinity with a preset target from a preset drug library using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on a test data set corresponding to the preset target; acquiring a real affinity of each of the several drugs with the preset target obtained by an experiment based on the screened information of the several drugs; and updating the test data set corresponding to the preset target based on the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided anon-transitory computer readable storage medium with computer instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer instructions are used for causing a computer to perform a method for training an affinity prediction model, wherein the method includes collecting a plurality of training samples, each training sample including information of a training target, information of a training drug and a test data set corresponding to the training target; and training an affinity prediction model using the plurality of training samples. 
     According to the technology in the present disclosure, when the affinity prediction model is trained, the test data set corresponding to the training target may be added in each training sample, thus effectively improving accuracy and a training effect of the trained affinity prediction model. During the affinity prediction, the accuracy of the predicted affinity of the target to be detected with the drug to be detected may be higher by acquiring the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected to participate in the prediction. 
     It should be understood that the statements in this section are not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawings are used for better understanding the present solution and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure, wherein 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 10  shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary electronic device  1000  configured to implement the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following part will illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure for a better understanding. The embodiments should be regarded only as exemplary ones. Therefore, those skilled in the art should appreciate that various changes or modifications can be made with respect to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and conciseness, the descriptions of the known functions and structures are omitted in the descriptions below. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in  FIG. 1 , the present embodiment provides a method for training an affinity prediction model, which may include the following steps: 
     S 101 : collecting a plurality of training samples, each training sample including information of a training target, information of a training drug and a test data set corresponding to the training target. 
     Each training sample may include the information of one training target, the information of one training drug and the test data set corresponding to this training target. 
     S 102 : training an affinity prediction model using the plurality of training samples. 
     An apparatus for training an affinity prediction model serves as the subject for executing the method for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment, and may be configured as an electronic entity or a software-integrated application. In use, the affinity prediction model may be trained based on a plurality of training samples collected in advance. 
     Specifically, a number of the plural training samples collected in the present embodiment may reach an order of millions and above, and the greater the number of the collected training samples, the higher the accuracy of the trained affinity prediction model. 
     In the present embodiment, the plurality of collected training samples involve a plurality of training target samples, which means that part of the plurality of training samples may have same or different training targets. For example, one hundred thousand training targets may be involved in one million training samples, such that training samples with the same training targets inevitably exist in the one million training samples, but the training samples with the same training targets only mean that these training samples have the same training targets and different training drugs. 
     Unlike training data of a conventional model training operation, in the present embodiment, the training sample is required to include, in addition to the information of the training target and the information of the training drug, the test data set corresponding to the training target, so as to further improve a training effect of the affinity prediction model. For example, in the present embodiment, the test data set corresponding to the training target may include a known affinity of the training target with each tested drug for use in training the affinity prediction model. The information of the training target in the training sample may be an identifier of the training target, which is used to uniquely identify the training target, or may be an expression means of a protein of the training target. The information of the training drug in the training sample may be a molecular formula of a compound of the training drug or other identifier capable of uniquely identifying the training compound. 
     For example, in the present embodiment, the test data set corresponding to the training target may include plural pieces of test data, and a representation form of each piece of test data may be (the information of the training target, information of the tested drug, and an affinity between the training target and the tested drug). There may be existing a separate test data set for each training target to record the information of all the tested drugs on the training target. 
     The test data set corresponding to each training target is a special known data set, and the included affinity between the training target and each of a plurality of tested drugs, the information of the training target and the information of the training drug corresponding to the training target may form one training sample for use in the training operation of the affinity prediction model. Each training sample may include the information of one training target, the information of one training drug and the test data set corresponding to this training target. 
     Finally, the affinity prediction model is trained based on the plurality of training samples obtained in the above-mentioned way. 
     In the method for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment, the plurality of training samples are collected, each training sample includes the information of the training target, the information of the training drug and the test data set corresponding to the training target; and the affinity prediction model is trained using the plurality of training samples; in the technical solution of the present embodiment, the test data set corresponding to the training target is added in each training sample, thus effectively improving the accuracy and the training effect of the trained affinity prediction model. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in  FIG. 2 , the technical solution of the method for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment of the present disclosure is further described in more detail based on the technical solution of the above-mentioned embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the method for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment may include the following steps: 
     S 201 : collecting a plurality of training samples, each training sample including information of a training target, information of a training drug and a test data set corresponding to the training target. 
     For example, when plural training targets are involved in the plural training samples, each training target may be represented by t j , and the test data set    t     j    of the training target t j  may be represented as: 
           t     j   ={( c   j     1     ,t   j   ,y ( c   j     1     ,t   j )),( c   j     2     ,t   j   ,y ( c   j     2     ,t   j )), . . . }. 
     Each of (c j     1   , t j , y(c j     1   , t j )) and (c j     2   , t j , y(c j     2   , t j )) corresponds to one piece of test data, c j     1    and c j     2    are information of a tested drug and used for identifying the corresponding tested drug, and t j  is the information of the training target and used for identifying the corresponding training target. y(c j     1   , t j ) represents a known affinity between the tested drug c j     1    and the training target t j , and y(c j     1   , t j ) represents a known affinity between the tested drug c j     2    and the training target t j . In the present embodiment, the known affinity may be detected experimentally. The test data set    t     j    of the training target t j  may include test data of all tested drugs corresponding to the training target t j . In the present embodiment, the information of the training drug in the training sample may be represented by c i . 
     S 202 : selecting a group of training samples from the plurality of training samples to obtain a training sample group. 
     For example, in practical applications, a group of training samples may be randomly selected from the plurality of training samples as a training sample group. Specifically, the training sample group may include one, two, or more training samples, which is not limited herein. If the training sample group includes more than two training samples, the training samples in the training sample group may correspond to the same training target, or some training samples may correspond to the same training target, and each of the other training samples corresponds to one training target. 
     S 203 : inputting the selected training sample group into the affinity prediction model, and acquiring a predicted affinity corresponding to each training sample in the training sample group and predicted and output by the affinity prediction model. 
     In the present embodiment, the affinity prediction model may be represented as: 
         y ( c   i   ,t   j )= f (   t     j     ,c   i   ,t   j ;θ)
 
     wherein t j  represents the information of the training target, c i  represents the information of the training drug,    t     j    represents the test data set of the training target t j , θ represents a parameter of the affinity prediction model, f(   t     j   , c i , t j ; θ) represents the affinity prediction model, and y(c i , t j ) represents the affinity between the training target t j  and the training drug c i  predicted by the affinity prediction model. 
     For each training sample in the training sample group, an affinity prediction model may be acquired using the above-mentioned way, and a predicted affinity is predicted and output. 
     S 204 : constructing a loss function according to the predicted affinity corresponding to each training sample in the training sample group and the known affinity between the training target and the training drug in the corresponding training sample. 
     For example, if the training sample group includes only one training sample, a mean square error between the predicted affinity corresponding to the training sample and the corresponding known affinity is taken directly. The predicted affinity corresponding to the training sample means that the data in the training sample is input into the affinity prediction model, and the affinity between the training target t j  and the training drug c i  in the training sample is predicted by the affinity prediction model. The known affinity corresponding to the training sample may be an actual affinity obtained by experiments between the training target and the training drug in the test data set corresponding to the training target. 
     If the training sample group includes plural training samples, a sum of mean square errors between the predicted affinities corresponding to the training samples in the training sample group and the corresponding known affinities may be taken as the loss function. The present embodiment has a training purpose of making the loss function tend to converge to a minimum value, which, for example, may be represented by the following formula: 
       minimize (θ)=Σ c     i     ,t     j     ,y     ij   [ y ( c   i   ,t   j )− f (   t     j     ,c   i   ,t   j ;θ)] 2  
 
     S 205 : detecting whether the loss function converges; if no, executing step S 206 ; and if yes, executing step S 207 . 
     S 206 : adjusting the parameter of the affinity prediction model to make the loss function tend to converge; and returning to step S 202 , selecting the next training sample group, and continuing the training operation. 
     S 207 : detecting whether the loss function always converges in a preset number of continuous rounds of training or whether a training round number reaches a preset threshold; if yes, determining the parameter of the affinity prediction model, then determining the affinity prediction model, and ending; otherwise, returning to step S 202 , selecting the next training sample group, and continuing the training operation. 
     Steps S 202 -S 206  show the training process for the affinity prediction model. Step S 207  is a training ending condition for the affinity prediction model. In the present embodiment, for example, the training ending condition has two cases; in the first training ending condition, whether the loss function always converges in the preset number of continuous rounds of training is determined, and if the loss function always converges, it may be considered that the training operation of the affinity prediction model is completed. The preset number of the continuous rounds may be set according to actual requirements, and may be, for example, 80, 100, 200 or other positive integers, which is not limited herein. The second training ending condition prevents a situation that the loss function always tends to converge, but never reaches convergence. At this point, a maximum number of training rounds may be set, and when the number of training rounds reaches the maximum number of training rounds, it may be considered that the training operation of the affinity prediction model is completed. For example, the preset threshold may be set to a value on the order of millions or above according to actual requirements, which is not limited herein. 
     In the present embodiment, the more the test data included in the test data set on each training target, the better the prediction effect achieved by the affinity prediction model. To this end, in the present disclosure, an attention layer model for processing a sequence may be used to obtain an optimal effect. For example, the model may be represented as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             
               Attention 
               ⁡ 
               
                 ( 
                 
                   Q 
                   , 
                   K 
                   , 
                   V 
                 
                 ) 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 Softmax 
                 ⁡ 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     
                       QK 
                       T 
                     
                     α 
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               ⁢ 
               V 
             
           
         
       
     
     The target may be represented and labeled as ϕ(t j ), a drug molecule may be represented and labeled as ϕ(c i ), and fusion of the two representations may be labeled as ϕ(c i , t j ). 
         Q =ϕ( c   i   ,t   j ) and
 
         K=V ={(ϕ( c   i     1     ,t   j ), y ( c   i     2     ,t   j )),(ϕ( c   i     2     ,t   j ), y ( c   i     2     ,t   j )), . . . },
 
     such that a pair to be predicted may be fully extracted using the existing information of the target. A predicted form of the final model may be represented as: 
         f (   t     j     c   i   ,t   j ;θ)= MLP (Attention( Q,K,V ))
 
     wherein MLP(Attention(Q,K,V)) indicates that a model structure Attention(Q, K, V) may be adjusted. 
     In addition, it should be noted that the affinity prediction model in the present embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned attention layer model, and a Transformer model or a convolution neural network model, or the like, may also be used, which is not repeated herein. 
     In the method for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment, the test data set corresponding to the training target may be added in each training sample, thus effectively improving the accuracy and the training effect of the trained affinity prediction model. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in  FIG. 3 , the present embodiment provides an affinity prediction method, which may include the following steps: 
     S 301 : acquiring information of a target to be detected, information of a drug to be detected and a test data set corresponding to the target to be detected. 
     In the present embodiment, the test data set includes information of one target to be detected, information of a plurality of tested drugs and an affinity between the target to be detected and each tested drug. For details, reference may be made to the test data set in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 . 
     S 302 : predicting an affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the information of the target to be detected, the information of the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected. 
     An affinity prediction apparatus serves as the subject for executing the affinity prediction method according to the present embodiment, and similarly, may be configured as an electronic entity or a software-integrated application. In use, the target to be detected, the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected may be input into the affinity prediction apparatus, and the affinity prediction apparatus may predict and output the affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected based on the input information. 
     In the present embodiment, the adopted pre-trained affinity prediction model may be the affinity prediction model trained in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 . And since the test data set of the training target is added into the training sample in the training process, the trained affinity prediction model may have higher precision and better accuracy. Therefore, the thus trained affinity prediction model may effectively guarantee the quite high precision and the quite good accuracy of the predicted affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected. 
     In the present embodiment, the higher the predicted affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected is, the stronger the binding capacity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected is, the higher the inhibition of the target to be detected by the drug to be detected is, and the more likely the drug to be detected is to become an effective therapeutic drug for the target to be detected. 
     In the affinity prediction method according to the present embodiment, the target to be detected, the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected are acquired; the affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected is predicted using the pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the target to be detected, the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected; since the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected is acquired during the prediction to participate in the prediction, the predicted affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected may have higher accuracy. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in  FIG. 4 , the present embodiment provides a method for screening drug data, which may include the following steps: 
     S 401 : screening information of several drugs with a highest predicted affinity with a preset target from a preset drug library using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on a test data set corresponding to the preset target; 
     S 402 : acquiring a real affinity of each of the several drugs with the preset target obtained by an experiment based on the screened information of the several drugs; and 
     S 403 : updating the test data set corresponding to the preset target based on the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target. 
     An apparatus for screening drug data serves as the subject for executing the method for screening drug data according to the present embodiment, and the apparatus for screening drug data may screen the several drugs with the highest predicted affinity of each preset target and update the drugs to the corresponding test data set. 
     In the present embodiment, the pre-trained affinity prediction model may be the affinity prediction model trained using the training method according to the above-mentioned embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 . That is, the test data set of the training target is added into the training sample in the training process, such that the trained affinity prediction model may have higher precision and better accuracy. 
     In the present embodiment, for example, the drug of one preset target is screened, and the test data set of the preset target is updated; the test data set of the preset target may be acquired, reference may be made to relevant descriptions in the above-mentioned embodiment for data included in the test data set, and the data is not repeated here. 
     The preset drug library in the present embodiment may include information of thousands or even more of drugs which are not verified experimentally, such as molecular formulas of compounds of the drugs or other unique identification information of the drugs. If the affinity between each drug in the drug library and the preset target is directly verified using an experimental method, an experimental cost is quite high. In the present embodiment, first, the information of the several drugs with the highest predicted affinity with the preset target may be screened from the preset drug library using the pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the test data set corresponding to the preset target; the number of the several drugs may be set according to actual requirements, and may be, for example, 5, 8, 10, or other positive integers, which is not limited herein. The screening operation in step S 401  is performed by the affinity prediction model, these drugs have high predicted affinities with the preset target, and availability of these drugs is theoretically high under a condition that the trained affinity prediction model performs an accurate prediction. Therefore, the known affinities between the screened drugs and the preset target may be further detected experimentally, thus avoiding experimentally detecting every drug in the drug library, so as to reduce the experimental cost and improve a drug screening efficiency. Then, the information of the several experimentally detected drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target are updated into the test data set corresponding to the preset target, so as to complete one screening operation. 
     In the present embodiment, the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target are updated into the test data set corresponding to the preset target, thus enriching content of test data in the test data set, such that the screening efficiency may be improved when the next screening operation is performed based on the test data set. 
     In the drug processing method according to the present embodiment, with the above-mentioned solution, the information of the several drugs with the highest predicted affinity with the preset target may be screened from the preset drug library using the pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the test data set corresponding to the preset target, and then, the real affinity of each of the several screened drugs with the preset target is detected using the experimental method; the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target are updated into the test data set corresponding to the preset target, thus effectively avoiding experimentally screening all the drugs, so as to reduce the experimental cost and improve the drug screening efficiency. 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in  FIG. 5 , the technical solution of the method for screening drug data according to the present embodiment of the present application is further described in more detail based on the technical solution of the above-mentioned embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 . The method for screening drug data according to the present embodiment may specifically include the following steps: 
     S 501 : predicting a predicted affinity between each drug in the preset drug library and the preset target using the pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the test data set corresponding to the preset target. 
     It should be noted that during the first prediction, the test data set corresponding to the preset target may also be null. For example, for a preset target t and a drug library C={c 1 , . . . c M }, at the current step number s=1, i.e., at the beginning of a cycle, a test data set D t  corresponding to the preset target may be represented as D t ={ }. Certainly, during the first prediction, the test data set corresponding to the preset target may not be null, and includes the preset target, information of an experimentally verified drug, and the known affinity between the preset target and the drug. At this point, the amount of the relevant information of the drug included in the test data set corresponding to the preset target is not limited herein. 
     S 502 : screening the information of the several drugs with the highest predicted affinity with the preset target from the preset drug library based on the predicted affinity of each drug in the preset drug library with the preset target. 
     The steps S 501 -S 502  are an implementation of the above-mentioned embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 . That is, the information of each drug in the preset drug library, the information of the preset target, and the test data set of the preset target are input into the pre-trained affinity prediction model, and the affinity prediction model may predict and output the predicted affinity between the drug and the preset target. In this way, the predicted affinity between each drug in the drug library and the preset target may be predicted. Then, all the drugs in the preset drug library may be sequenced according to a descending order of the predicted affinity; and the several drugs with the highest predicted affinity may be screened. 
     S 503 : acquiring a real affinity of each of the several drugs with the preset target obtained by an experiment based on the screened information of the several drugs; and 
     In the present embodiment, only the several drugs screened in step S 502  are required to be experimented to obtain the real affinity between each of the several drugs and the preset target. For example, c s     i   , may be used to represent information of the screened ith drug, i∈[1,K], and K represents the number of the several drugs. Correspondingly, y(c s     i   , t) is used to represent the real affinity of the screened ith drug with the preset target t. 
     S 504 : updating the test data set corresponding to the preset target based on the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target. 
     For example, the update process may be represented by the following formula: 
           t =   t ∪{( c   s     1     ,y ( c   s     1     ,t )), . . . ,( c   s     K     ,y ( c   s     K     ,t ))}
 
     S 505 : detecting whether a number of the updated drugs in the test data set reaches a preset number threshold; if no, returning to step S 501  to continuously screen the drugs; otherwise, if yes, ending. 
     It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the number of the updated drugs in the test data set may refer to a number of the drugs with the known affinities acquired experimentally. At the first update, the number of the drugs updated into the test data set may be the number of all the screened drugs. In other rounds of updates after the cycle, since repetition may exist between the information of the several screened drugs and the previous information, the number of the updated drugs in the test data set may be less than the number of the screened drugs. 
     In the present embodiment, if the number of the experimented drugs does not reach the preset number threshold, the method may return to step S 501 , the current step number s is updated to s+1, and the screening operation is continuously performed. Although the same pre-trained affinity prediction model is adopted in the second screening process, the adopted test data set of the preset target is updated, thereby further improving the accuracy of the affinity of each drug in the drug library with the preset target. Therefore, when the second screening process is performed based on the updated test data set of the preset target, the information of the several drugs with the highest predicted affinity with the preset target screened from the preset drug library may be completely different from or partially the same as the result of the several drugs screened in the previous round. It should be noted that, in the partially same case, in step S 503 , for the experimented drugs, experiments may not be performed again to obtain the rear affinities with the predetermined target. Only the drugs which are not experimented are experimented to obtain the real affinities with the preset target, and only the real affinities of the drugs obtained by experiments in this round with the preset target of the drugs are updated in the test data set, and so on, until the number of the updated drugs in the test data set reaches the preset number threshold, and the cycle is ended. At this point, the data in the test data set is all the real affinities with the preset target obtained through experiments. Subsequently, the information of one or several drugs with the highest known affinity may be selected from the test data set of the preset target, and the selected drugs may be used as lead drug compounds for subsequent verification. 
     The test data set corresponding to the preset target obtained by the screening operation in the present embodiment may also be used in the training process of the affinity prediction model in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 , thus effectively guaranteeing the accuracy of the test data set of the preset target in the training sample, and then further improving the precision of the trained affinity prediction model. In turn, the affinity prediction model in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2  is used to screen the drug data in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4  or  FIG. 5 , which may also improve the screening accuracy and the screening efficiency of the drug data. 
     Or the test data set corresponding to the preset target obtained by the screening operation in the present embodiment may also be different from the test data set in the training sample in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 . In the present embodiment, since the pre-trained affinity prediction model is first adopted to screen the information of the several drugs, in the test data set finally obtained based on the information of the several drugs, the preset target and the drugs have higher affinities; however, in the test data set in the training sample in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  or  FIG. 2 , the training target and the test drug may have a low affinity, as long as it is obtained through experiments. 
     In the method for screening drug data according to the present embodiment, with the above-mentioned solution, the pre-trained affinity detection model may be utilized to provide an effective drug screening solution, thus avoiding experimentally screening all the drugs in the drug library, so as to effectively reduce the experimental cost and improve the drug screening efficiency. 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the present embodiment provides an apparatus for training an affinity prediction model, including a collecting module  601  configured to collect a plurality of training samples, each training sample including information of a training target, information of a training drug and a test data set corresponding to the training target; and a training module  602  configured to train an affinity prediction model using the plurality of training samples. 
     The apparatus  600  for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment has the same implementation as the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment by adopting the above-mentioned modules to implement the implementation principle and the technical effects of training the affinity prediction model, and for details, reference may be made to the description of the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment, and details are not repeated herein. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the technical solution of the apparatus  600  for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment of the present application is further described in more detail based on the technical solution of the above-mentioned embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     In the apparatus  600  for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment, the test data set corresponding to the training target in each of the plural training samples collected by the collecting module  601  may include a known affinity of the training target with each tested drug. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , in the apparatus  600  for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment, the training module  602  includes a selecting unit  6021  configured to select a group of training samples from the plurality of training samples to obtain a training sample group; an acquiring unit  6022  configured to input the selected training sample group into the affinity prediction model, and acquire a predicted affinity corresponding to each training sample in the training sample group and predicted and output by the affinity prediction model; a constructing unit  6023  configured to construct a loss function according to the predicted affinity corresponding to each training sample in the training sample group and the known affinity between the training target and the training drug in the corresponding training sample; a detecting unit  6024  configured to detect whether the loss function converges; and an adjusting unit  6025  configured to, if the loss function does not converge, adjust parameters of the affinity prediction model to make the loss function tend to converge. 
     Further optionally, the constructing unit  6023  is configured to take a sum of mean square errors between the predicted affinities corresponding to the training samples in the training sample group and the corresponding known affinities as the loss function. 
     The apparatus  600  for training an affinity prediction model according to the present embodiment has the same implementation as the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment by adopting the above-mentioned modules to implement the implementation principle and the technical effects of training the affinity prediction model, and for details, reference may be made to the description of the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment, and details are not repeated herein. 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in  FIG. 8 , the present embodiment provides an affinity prediction apparatus  800 , including an acquiring module  801  configured to acquire information of a target to be detected, information of a drug to be detected and a test data set corresponding to the target to be detected; and a predicting module  802  configured to predict an affinity between the target to be detected and the drug to be detected using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on the information of the target to be detected, the information of the drug to be detected and the test data set corresponding to the target to be detected. 
     The affinity prediction apparatus  800  according to the present embodiment has the same implementation as the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment by adopting the above-mentioned modules to implement the implementation principle and the technical effects of the affinity prediction, and for details, reference may be made to the description of the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment, and details are not repeated herein. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram according to a ninth embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 9 , the present embodiment provides an apparatus  900  for screening drug data, including a screening module  901  configured to screen information of several drugs with a highest predicted affinity with a preset target from a preset drug library using a pre-trained affinity prediction model based on a test data set corresponding to the preset target; an acquiring module  902  configured to acquire a real affinity of each of the several drugs with the preset target obtained by an experiment based on the screened information of the several drugs; and an updating module  903  configured to update the test data set corresponding to the preset target based on the information of the several drugs and the real affinity of each drug with the preset target. 
     The apparatus  900  for screening drug data according to the present embodiment has the same implementation as the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment by adopting the above-mentioned modules to implement the implementation principle and the technical effects of screening drug data, and for details, reference may be made to the description of the above-mentioned relevant method embodiment, and details are not repeated herein. 
     The present disclosure further provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium and a computer program product. 
       FIG. 10  shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary electronic device  1000  configured to implement the embodiments of the present disclosure. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile apparatuses, such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing apparatuses. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementation of the present disclosure described and/or claimed herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the electronic device  1000  includes a computing unit  1001  which may perform various appropriate actions and processing operations according to a computer program stored in a read only memory (ROM)  1002  or a computer program loaded from a storage unit  1008  into a random access memory (RAM)  1003 . Various programs and data necessary for the operation of the electronic device  1000  may be also stored in the RAM  1003 . The computing unit  1001 , the ROM  1002 , and the RAM  1003  are connected with one other through a bus  1004 . An input/output (I/O) interface  1005  is also connected to the bus  1004 . 
     The plural components in the electronic device  1000  are connected to the I/O interface  1005 , and include: an input unit  1006 , such as a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output unit  1007 , such as various types of displays, speakers, or the like; the storage unit  1008 , such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit  1009 , such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, or the like. The communication unit  1009  allows the electronic device  1000  to exchange information/data with other devices through a computer network, such as the Internet, and/or various telecommunication networks. 
     The computing unit  1001  may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit  1001  include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphic processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, or the like. The computing unit  1001  performs the methods and processing operations described above, such as the method for training an affinity prediction model, the affinity prediction method or the method for screening drug data. For example, in some embodiments, the method for training an affinity prediction model, the affinity prediction method or the method for screening drug data may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine readable medium, such as the storage unit  1008 . In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed into the electronic device  1000  via the ROM  1002  and/or the communication unit  1009 . When the computer program is loaded into the RAM  1003  and executed by the computing unit  1001 , one or more steps of the method for training an affinity prediction model, the affinity prediction method or the method for screening drug data described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit  1001  may be configured to perform the method for training an affinity prediction model, the affinity prediction method or the method for screening drug data by any other suitable means (for example, by means of firmware). 
     Various implementations of the systems and technologies described herein above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), application specific standard products (ASSP), systems on chips (SOC), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. The systems and technologies may be implemented in one or more computer programs which are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, and the programmable processor may be special or general, and may receive data and instructions from, and transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input apparatus, and at least one output apparatus. 
     Program codes for implementing the method according to the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or a controller of a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatuses, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or the controller, causes functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or the block diagram to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partly on a machine, partly on a machine as a stand-alone software package and partly on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or a server. 
     In the context of the present disclosure, the machine readable medium may be a tangible medium which may contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. The machine readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. 
     To provide interaction with a user, the systems and technologies described here may be implemented on a computer having: a display apparatus (for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing apparatus (for example, a mouse or a trackball) by which a user may provide input for the computer. Other kinds of apparatuses may also be used to provide interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided for a user may be any form of sensory feedback (for example, visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from a user may be received in any form (including acoustic, speech or tactile input). 
     The systems and technologies described here may be implemented in a computing system (for example, as a data server) which includes a back-end component, or a computing system (for example, an application server) which includes a middleware component, or a computing system (for example, a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user may interact with an implementation of the systems and technologies described here) which includes a front-end component, or a computing system which includes any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system may be interconnected through any form or medium of digital data communication (for example, a communication network). Examples of the communication network include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet and a blockchain network. 
     A computer system may include a client and a server. Generally, the client and the server are remote from each other and interact through the communication network. The relationship between the client and the server is generated by virtue of computer programs which run on respective computers and have a client-server relationship to each other. The server may be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so as to overcome the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in conventional physical host and virtual private server (VPS) service. The server may also be a server of a distributed system, or a server incorporating a blockchain. 
     It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used and reordered, and steps may be added or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, which is not limited herein as long as the desired results of the technical solution disclosed in the present disclosure may be achieved. 
     The above-mentioned implementations are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure all should be included in the extent of protection of the present disclosure.