Patent Publication Number: US-8522774-B2

Title: Aerosol apparatus, in particular for children

Description:
The present invention relates to an aerosol apparatus for administering a substance (typically a medicinal substance) by means of inhalation, in particular (but not exclusively) to a child. 
     It is known that the inhalation of air in which curative substances are dispersed has a therapeutic effect on infections of the respiratory apparatus. In addition to natural nebulization sources (for example, standing close to the sea allows one to breathe iodine which is nebulized by breaking of the waves) fairly basic nebulization methods such as vapour inhalations are known. Aerosol nebulization apparatus, or, in short, aerosol apparatus, are also known. 
     An aerosol apparatus allows the introduction, into the respiratory apparatus, by means of inhalation, of a substance (typically a medicinal substance) in the “sol” state for therapeutic purposes. The “sol” state is the state of a material which is midway between that of a liquid and gas. In other words, the particles which form it are not as dispersed as those of a gas, but are also not as concentrated as those of a liquid substance. 
     Aerosol nebulization is a therapeutic technique which is very advantageous because it favours the administration, within the respiratory tract, of drugs which may exercise their pharmacological effect in situ. 
     Aerosol apparatus of the mechanical (or pneumatic) type are known. They consist of a membrane or piston compressor and an actual nebulizer. Nebulization is obtained by means of the Venturi effect: the compressor produces an air flow at a high pressure and high speed which is forced onto the end of a sample vessel containing the medicinal substance. The liquid is then “atomized” into particles which may be inhaled through the mouth or nose, or both, by means of a special mask. 
     Ultrasound aerosol apparatus in which nebulization is achieved by means of a piezoelectric effect are also known: a transducer emanates electromagnet waves of the ultrasound type which fragment the medicinal solution. 
     Whatever the type of aerosol apparatus used, the methods of performing the aerosol therapy in order to achieve a good therapeutic result are very important. For the same amount of medicinal substance inhaled, the effectiveness of the aerosol therapy depends essentially on the length of time during which the patient undergoes therapy and the respiration frequency. In other words, treatment by means of aerosol therapy is particularly effective if the patient inhales the medicinal substance in the sol state for a period of about 15-20 minutes (or also more) and if inhalation is performed breathing deeply and at regular intervals. 
     However, many patients do not willingly undergo aerosol therapy sessions and, of their own initiative, tend to reduce the inhalation times, i.e. very often the patients interrupt inhalation before the end of the predefined time period considered to be optimal. Moreover, some patients tend to experience negatively or are even anxious about the aerosol therapy session. This causes them to breathe in an irregular, fast and superficial manner. 
     In all cases, the reduction in the time and the irregular breathing do not allow optimum therapeutic results to be obtained. 
     The abovementioned problems generally arise more frequently in the case of patients who are children. It has been noted, in this connection, that more than 50% of the patients who are children perform aerosol therapy incorrectly and discontinuously, resulting in no beneficial therapeutic effect. Young patients are often unable to understand the benefits which can be achieved with an aerosol therapy session and do not willingly agree to use an aerosol apparatus. In the case of very young children it is not even possible to convince them that it is better to take deep breaths and to remain wearing the mask for a certain predetermined period of time. 
     Various manufacturers of aerosol apparatus, in an attempt to solve at least partly the abovementioned problems, aim to provide apparatus which are able to perform increasingly shorter aerosol therapy cycles. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,962,151 describes an electronic nebulizer which allows the therapy period to be reduced considerably to about three minutes. 
     The Applicant has faced the abovementioned problems in an attempt to provide an aerosol apparatus which is able to ensure more effective therapy. 
     The Applicant has found that the primary factors which make an aerosol therapy treatment effective are the frequency and the intensity of breathing. The Applicant has also noted that said factors, in turn, depend on the state of agitation or relaxation of the patient: a person who is anxious and not relaxed takes short quick breaths at relatively frequent intervals; on the other hand, a relaxed patient generally breathes more deeply and at a slower rate. The latter is a preferable condition for performing aerosol therapy. 
     Another factor considered to be important for the purposes of obtaining the improved benefits from an aerosol therapy session is the need to keep the patient&#39;s face in contact with the inhalation mask. If the patient moves his/her mouth and/or his/her nose away from the mask, the substance in the sol state is mixed with air and results in “dilution” of the inhaled substance, in addition to cooling and condensation. 
     The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an aerosol apparatus which solves the abovementioned problems and in particular ensures that the patient is in the best psychological and physical condition to undergo aerosol therapy, resulting in completely effective treatment. 
     This object, together with others, is achieved by an apparatus having the characteristic features of Claim  1 . Further advantageous characteristics of the invention are contained in the dependent claims. 
     The aerosol apparatus according to the invention comprises a nebulizer device and a mask suitable for receiving a substance substantially in the sol state from the nebulizer device. It also comprises a display device able to display a sequence of images to a patient while he/she is using the apparatus. 
     The display device may comprise an optical or magnetic medium player. In a preferred embodiment, the display device comprises a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) player. 
     The display device comprises a display or monitor which may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a plasma screen. 
     Advantageously, the display device is of the type with side loading of the DVDs. 
     The display device may comprise means for emitting sounds associated with the images displayed. 
     Advantageously a case-like container is envisaged for storing and transporting at least the nebulizer device and the mask. The case-like container, in turn, may comprise a lid designed to house at least part of the display device. The lid is provided with a slit having dimensions suitable for being able to introduce the display device inside it. 
     Preferably, the mask is shaped so that the vapour emitted does not disturb viewing of the images of the display device. 
     An advantage of the invention is that the display device may be able to be separated from the apparatus so that it is possible to use it separately. 
    
    
     
       The apparatus advantageously is suitable for use by children. A detailed description of the invention now follows, being provided solely by way of a non-limiting example, to be read with reference to the accompanying figures in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows in schematic form an aerosol apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, while it is being prepared for use; and 
         FIG. 2  shows in schematic form the aerosol apparatus according to  FIG. 1  during use. 
     
    
    
     An aerosol apparatus  1  according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown in  FIG. 1 . The apparatus  1  comprises a nebulizer device  2  and a mask  3 . The nebulizer device  2  may be equally well of the mechanical, pneumatic, ultrasound or any other type. The mask  3  is connected to the nebulizer device  2  so as to receive a substance (for example a medicinal substance) substantially in the sol state. During use, the mask  3  is moved towards the mouth and/or the nose of the patient  10  who is thus able to inhale the substance which is typically for therapeutic purposes. 
     According to the present invention, the apparatus  1  also comprises a display device  4  which allows sequential viewing of images, i.e. a succession of one or more static and/or moving images. The multimedia display device  4  may comprise a monitor of a computer (typically a portable computer), mobile phone (for example smart phone), so-called palm-top computer or the like. The display device  4  may conveniently comprise a television monitor. Even more preferably, the display device  4  may comprise a player (and/or recorder) of magnetic and/or optical media such as a DVD or video CD or videocassette player (and/or recorder). 
     In an advantageous embodiment, the display device  4  comprises a DVD player  41 . In another advantageous embodiment, the display device  4  comprises a monitor of a personal computer or the like for displaying educational games or the like. 
     Typically, the display device  4  comprises means for emitting sounds associated with the images displayed. Therefore, for example, in the case where a film or a cartoon is shown, the images will be accompanied by the corresponding audio or sound signals. 
     In addition or as an alternative to the abovementioned sound emitting means, the display device  4  may comprise means for displaying writing associated with the images shown. Therefore, for example, in the case where a film or a cartoon is shown, the images will be accompanied by subtitles. This function is useful for users who are deaf or have impaired hearing or when it is required to avoid disturbing people who are in the vicinity of the aerosol apparatus  1  (but not involved in the therapy). This function is also useful where the audio associated with the images is in a language different from the native tongue of the user. In this case, the therapy session could also be used to learn a new language. 
     According to an advantageous embodiment, the DVD player  41  is of the type with slot-in (lateral) loading of the DVD discs  42 . This type of player, as opposed to players with a hinged opening system, is formed by a single body of the parallelepiped type which is relatively thin (currently, for example, in the region of a few centimeters). A slot for inserting the discs is provided on the side of the parallelepiped body. A display monitor  43  is instead present on a face of the player. Operating keys  44  may also be provided laterally or on the face of the monitor  43 . The abovementioned sound-emitting means  45  (typically associated with the images displayed) may also be provided laterally or on the face of the monitor. 
     By way of example, the monitor  43  may be conveniently of the LCD or plasma type. A size for the monitor  43  which is considered suitable for the purpose is 7″ with a side ratio of 16:9. Obviously, monitors with greater or smaller dimensions, if necessary with a different side ratio, may also be used. 
     According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the apparatus  1  comprises a case-like container  5  for storing and transporting at least the nebulizer device  2  and the mask  3 . The case-like container has a closed bottom, side walls and a lid  51  which may also be closed. The lid  51  is hinged on a side wall (typically on the rear side wall). The lid may also be designed to house the display monitor  43 . For example, a slit  54  with a size such that the display monitor  43  may be inserted inside it (for example the DVD player  41 ) may be envisaged. 
     The slit  54  is conveniently provided on one side, taking into account, if necessary, the need to have access to the disc insertion slot so as to be able to introduce/extract easily a disc  42  into/from the player  41  when the latter is inserted inside the slit  54  and is substantially housed inside the lid  51  of the container  5 . 
     The slit is conveniently delimited by the outer surface  52  of the lid  51  and by an inner rim  53 . The rim  53  defines a window with dimensions preferably at least equal to the dimensions of the monitor  43 . Preferably, if the controls  44  of the display device  4  are situated on the front, the dimensions of the rim  53  must not prevent access to the controls  44 . 
     Fixing means  7   a  and  7   b  are envisaged for preventing the possibility of the display monitor  43  inadvertently and involuntarily coming out of the slit  54 . 
     The display device  4  may, if necessary, be extracted from the slit  54  which houses it so as to be able to use it independently of the nebulizer device  2 . In other words, the display device  4  (for example the DVD player  41 ) may also be used when the nebulizer device  2  is not used. 
     The display device  4  may be powered by a battery, for example a rechargeable lithium battery and/or by a separate electric power supply and/or by the same electric power supply  6  which powers the nebulizer device  2 . This latter advantageous possibility may be provided by envisaging a system of electrical contacts (or if necessary a plug and socket system) between the lid  51  and the display device  4 . The electric power is conveyed to the lid  51 , for example via the hinges  8 , in the same way as in a portable computer. 
     The distance and the inclination of the display device  4  are critical for the invention. They are preferably calculated depending on the inhalation mask  3  so that the best view of the images shown on the monitor  43  is obtained when the patient&#39;s face is kept properly in contact with the mask  3 . In other words, the position, distance and inclination of the monitor  43  are a consequence of the position and the shape of the mask  3 . The patient  10  will not be encouraged to change position because this would worsen the view of the images shown on the monitor  43 . 
     The aerosol apparatus  1  has proved to be particularly effective when used for aerosol therapy carried out on a group of children. During inhalation cartoons were shown. All the children undergoing therapy reacted positively to the said therapy, maintaining without difficulty a correct position for the entire duration (about 15 to 20 minutes) of each single treatment cycle. For this purpose, the duration of the cartoons sequences shown was specially selected according to the duration of the treatment cycle. The degree of relaxation of the patients was calculated as a function of the frequency of closing of the eyelids (number of eye blinks per minute). A substantial reduction in the frequency of closing of the eyelids in patients concentrating on watching the images shown on the monitor was noted. It is considered that this state of relaxation was decisive in ensuring the effectiveness of the therapy, having positively influenced the patients&#39; breathing.