Patent Publication Number: US-11044449-B2

Title: Optimized computer display rendering for user vision conditions

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates generally to computer display rendering and, more particularly, to optimized computer display rendering for user vision conditions. 
     Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. The most common cause of color blindness is a fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye. Red-green color blindness is the most common form, followed by blue-yellow color blindness and total color blindness. Red-green color blindness can affect up to 8% of the population. Macular degeneration is another medical condition that can result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field of the eye. When working with computer-based charts and graphs in a business setting, visual conditions such as color-blindness and macular degeneration can cause those individuals delays in processing the information. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first aspect of the invention, there is a computer-implemented method comprising: detecting, by a computer device, a user at the computer device; sending, by the computer device, data associated with the user to a server; receiving, by the computer device, settings from the server; and automatically rendering, by the computer device, a display of the computer device using the settings. 
     In another aspect of the invention, there is a computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith. the program instructions executable by a server to cause the server to: receive, from a computer device, data associated with a user detected at the computer device; determine settings for the user in response to the receiving the data, wherein the settings are based on a vision condition of the user; and transmit the settings to the computer device for rendering a display of the computer device using the settings. 
     In another aspect of the invention, there a computer device comprising: a display, a processor, a computer readable memory, and a computer readable storage medium; a detection module configured to automatically detect a user at the computer device; a settings module configured to automatically determine settings based on a vision condition of the user and in response to the detecting the user at the computer device; and a rendering module configured to automatically render the display using the settings and in response to the detecting the user at the computer device. The detection module, the settings module, and the rendering module comprise program instructions stored on the computer readable storage medium for execution by the processor via the computer readable memory. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention is described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of drawings by way of non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1  depicts a cloud computing node according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  depicts abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows a block diagram of an exemplary environment in accordance with aspects of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows a block diagram of another exemplary environment in accordance with aspects of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  shows a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows a flowchart of another method in accordance with aspects of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention relates generally to computer display rendering and, more particularly, to optimized computer display rendering for user vision conditions. Aspects of the invention are directed to learning optimized display settings for a user based on a vision condition of the user, and automatically rendering a computer display using the optimized display settings in response to detecting the user at the computer display. In this manner, implementations of the invention may be used to improve a user&#39;s interaction with a computer device by automatically rendering the display of the computer device according to the optimized display settings for the user. 
     According to aspects of the invention, a system detects a user that is interacting with a computer device. The detection can be, for example, via Internet of Things (IoT) sensor, biometric sensor, or physical recognition techniques such as facial recognition, retina recognition, etc. Based upon detecting the user, the system obtains information about a vision condition of the user including, for example and without limitation, color blindness, macular degeneration, etc. The system is configured to re-render the display of the computer device based on the information about the vision condition of the user. In embodiments, the system is configured to learn optimized display settings for the user by analyzing feedback from the user and re-rendering the display based on the feedback. The learning may be performed in a structured manner, e.g., via predefined questions that prompt the user feedback. Additionally or alternatively, the learning may be performed in an unstructured manner, e.g., via cognitive analysis of unprompted user actions associated with the display. Respective optimized display settings for plural different users may be stored at a central location, such as a cloud service, and can be accessed and applied on demand whenever any of the plural users is detected at an equipped computer device. 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed. 
     Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models. 
     Characteristics are as follows: 
     On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service&#39;s provider. 
     Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). 
     Resource pooling: the provider&#39;s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). 
     Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 
     Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. 
     Service Models are as follows: 
     Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider&#39;s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. 
     Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. 
     Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). 
     Deployment Models are as follows: 
     Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. 
     Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 
     A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a schematic of an example of a cloud computing node is shown. Cloud computing node  10  is only one example of a suitable cloud computing node and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the invention described herein. Regardless, cloud computing node  10  is capable of being implemented and/or performing any of the functionality set forth hereinabove. 
     In cloud computing node  10  there is a computer system/server  12 , which is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with computer system/server  12  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. 
     Computer system/server  12  may be described in the general context of computer system executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer system/server  12  may be practiced in distributed cloud computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , computer system/server  12  in cloud computing node  10  is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of computer system/server  12  may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units  16 , a system memory  28 , and a bus  18  that couples various system components including system memory  28  to processor  16 . 
     Bus  18  represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus. 
     Computer system/server  12  typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer system/server  12 , and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. 
     System memory  28  can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM)  30  and/or cache memory  32 . Computer system/server  12  may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system  34  can be provided for reading from and writing to a nonremovable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus  18  by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, memory  28  may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention. 
     Program/utility  40 , having a set (at least one) of program modules  42 , may be stored in memory  28  by way of example, and not limitation, as well as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. Program modules  42  generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein. 
     Computer system/server  12  may also communicate with one or more external devices  14  such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display  24 , etc.; one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computer system/server  12 ; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system/server  12  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output (I/O) interfaces  22 . Still yet, computer system/server  12  can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter  20 . As depicted, network adapter  20  communicates with the other components of computer system/server  12  via bus  18 . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with computer system/server  12 . Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , illustrative cloud computing environment  50  is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment  50  comprises one or more cloud computing nodes  10  with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone  54 A, desktop computer  54 B, laptop computer  54 C, and/or automobile computer system  54 N may communicate. Nodes  10  may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment  50  to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices  54 A-N shown in  FIG. 2  are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes  10  and cloud computing environment  50  can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a set of functional abstraction layers provided by cloud computing environment  50  ( FIG. 2 ) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in  FIG. 3  are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided: 
     Hardware and software layer  60  includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes  61 ; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers  62 ; servers  63 ; blade servers  64 ; storage devices  65 ; and networks and networking components  66 . In some embodiments, software components include network application server software  67  and database software  68 . 
     Virtualization layer  70  provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers  71 ; virtual storage  72 ; virtual networks  73 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems  74 ; and virtual clients  75 . 
     In one example, management layer  80  may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning  81  provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing  82  provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal  83  provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management  84  provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment  85  provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA. 
     Workloads layer  90  provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation  91 ; software development and lifecycle management  92 ; virtual classroom education delivery  93 ; data analytics processing  94 ; transaction processing  95 ; and display rendering  96 . 
     In accordance with aspects of the invention, the display rendering  96  includes: detecting a user that is interacting with a computer device; obtaining information about a vision condition of the detected user; and rendering the display of the computer device based on the information about the vision condition of the user. In additional aspects, the display rendering  96  includes: learning optimized display settings for the user by analyzing feedback from the user and re-rendering the display based on the feedback; storing optimized display settings for plural different users at a central location; and accessing and applying a stored optimized display setting at a computer device when one of the plural different users is detected at the computer device. 
       FIG. 4  shows a block diagram of an exemplary server-based environment  100  in accordance with aspects of the invention.  FIG. 5  shows a block diagram of an alternative embodiment comprising a single computing device. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , the server-based environment  100  includes a server  105  connected to plural computer devices  110   a - n  by a network  115 , where “n” represents any suitable number of computer devices. The server  105  may comprise one or more instantiations of a computer system/server  12  as described with respect to  FIG. 1 . In embodiments, the server  105  comprises a settings module  155 , which may be one or more program modules  42  described with respect to  FIG. 1 , and which is configured to determine display settings for a user as described herein. 
     The network  115  may comprise any suitable communication network including but not limited to a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and the Internet. In an embodiment, the network  115  comprises, or is part of, a cloud computing environment such as cloud computing environment  50  of  FIG. 2 . In this embodiment, each of the server  105  and the computer devices  110   a - n  comprises a respective cloud computing node such as cloud computing nodes  10  of  FIG. 2 . The invention is not limited to a cloud-based implementation, however, and other architectures may be employed. 
     According to aspects of the invention, each computer device  110   a - n  comprises a user computer device such as a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, smartphone, etc., and may comprise one or more components of the computer system/server  12  of  FIG. 1 . In embodiments, each computer device  110   a - n  includes a display  120  comprising a visual output device having at least one configurable setting such as, but not limited to, resolution, color, contrast, brightness, gamma, etc. The respective display  120  for each computer device  110   a - n  may comprise, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, or a later-developed display technology. 
     In embodiments, each computer device  110   a - n  includes a user detection module  125  and a rendering module  130 . Each of the modules  125 ,  130  may comprise one or more program modules  42  as described with respect to  FIG. 1 , and are configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Aspects of the invention are not limited to the exact number of modules shown in  FIG. 4 , and fewer modules may be used by combining the functionality of one or more modules into another module. Conversely, more modules may be employed by splitting the functionality of one or more of the modules shown into plural different modules. 
     According to aspects of the invention, the user detection module  125  of a respective one of the computer devices  110   a - n  is configured to detect a user (e.g., one of users  135   a - m ) that is interacting with the respective one of the computer devices  110   a - n . In embodiments, the user detection module  125  detects the user by employing at least one of sensor-based detection and physical recognition. In a sensor-based detection embodiment, the user detection module  125  is configured to detect the user by detecting a device  140   a - m  that is physically carried by (on the person of) the user. Examples of such devices  140   a - m  include, but are not limited to, IoT devices, smartphones, and wearable biometric devices. For example, the device may include an IoT device  140   b  embedded in the user&#39;s eyeglasses. In another example, the device may comprise the user&#39;s smartphone  140   a , smartwatch  140   m , fitness band, etc. The user detection module  125  may be configured to detect the device  140   a - m  utilizing hardware of the computer device  110   a - n  and one or more conventional protocols such as RFID, Bluetooth, WLAN, NFC, etc. 
     In accordance with aspects of the invention, the user detection module  125  is configured to receive data from the device  140   a - m  based on detecting the device  140   a - m . In embodiments, the device  140   a - m  is programmed with a user identifier associated with the user. The user identifier may comprise, for example, a unique name, number or other data structure that is unique to user. In additional embodiments, the device  140   a - m  is programmed with data defining a vision condition of the user (e.g., protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia, macular degeneration, etc.). The data defining the user identifier and the data defining a vision condition of the user may be anonymized (e.g., hashed, encrypted, etc.) to protect the privacy of the user. The user detection module  125  may be configured to receive, from the device  140   a - m , the user identifier and the data defining a vision condition of the user utilizing hardware of the computer device  110   a - n  and one or more conventional protocols such as RFID, Bluetooth, WLAN, NFC, etc. In embodiments, the user detection module  125  transmits the data defining the user identifier and the data defining a vision condition of the user to the server  105 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 4 , in accordance with aspects of the invention, the rendering module  130  is configured to render the display  120  of the respective computer device  110   a - n  based on data associated with the detected user. As used herein, rendering the display  120  refers to selectively adjusting one or more settings of the display  120 , including but not limited to resolution, color, contrast, brightness, gamma settings of the display  120 . In some situations, the rendering module  130  obtains previously determined settings for the detected user based on the identity of the detected user, and renders the display  120  using the previously determined settings. In other situations, the rendering module  130  obtains settings for the detected user based on the data defining a vision condition of the user, and renders the display  120  using the determined settings. 
     For example, the server  105  may store data in a database  150  defining a respective user identifier for each user that has been detected by any one of the computer devices  110   a - n  in the past (referred to herein as previous users). When the user detection module  125  of a particular computer device  110   a - n  detects a current user, the user detection module  125  communicates with the server  105  to determine whether the current user is a previous user, e.g., by sending the user identifier of the current user to the server for comparing to the list of user identifiers of previous users. 
     In the event that the server  105  determines the current user is a previous user (i.e., there is a match), the server  105  obtains data defining previously determined settings for this user (e.g., from the database  150 ), and transmits the data defining the previously determined settings to the rendering module  130  of the particular computer device  110   a - n  that has detected the user. Upon receipt of the previously determined settings for this user, the rendering module  130  renders the display  120  of the particular computer device  110   a - n  using the previously determined settings. This may comprise, for example, adjusting any one or more of the resolution, color, contrast, brightness, gamma settings of the display  120 . 
     In the event that the server  105  determines that the current user is not a previous user (e.g., there is not a match), then the server  105  determines settings for the current user based on the data defining a vision condition of the current user. In embodiments, the server  105  comprises the settings module  155  that determines display settings for the current user. The determination may be based on comparing the user&#39;s vision condition to predefined a list of settings configurations associated with the vision condition. 
     For example, the database  150  may store predefined lists of different settings configurations associated with different vision conditions. For example, the database  150  may store a ranked list of plural different settings configurations associated with protanopia. Each respective one of the settings configurations for protanopia may define a different combination of at least one of a resolution, color, contrast, brightness, and gamma settings. The list may be ranked in order of estimated (or objectively determined) helpfulness for users with protanopia. Similarly, the database  150  may store a different ranked list of plural different settings configurations associated with deuteranopia, a different ranked list of plural different settings configurations associated with tritanopia, and a different ranked list of plural different settings configurations associated with macular degeneration. The database  150  may similarly store one or more additional ranked lists for other vision conditions not mentioned herein. 
     In this manner, upon determining that the current user is not a previous user (e.g., there is not a match of user identifiers), the server  105  may access the list of settings configurations associated with the particular vision condition of the user, determine settings for this user by selecting one of the settings configurations from the list, and transmit data defining the determined settings to the rendering module  130  of the user computer device  110   a - n . Upon receipt of the determined settings for this user, the rendering module  130  renders the display  120  of the particular computer device  110   a - n  using the determined settings. This may comprise, for example, adjusting any one or more of the resolution, color, contrast, brightness, gamma settings of the display  120 . 
     According to aspects of the invention, the server  105  stores user data associated with plural different users  135   a - m . In this manner, any single user (e.g., user  135   b ) may sit at any single one of the computer devices (e.g.,  135   a ), and the system will determine and apply display settings for this particular user in the manner described herein. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 4 , the rendering module  130  of each computer device  110   a - n  may be further configured to obtain feedback from the user, and to re-render the display  120  based on the feedback. In this manner, the rendering module can learn optimized settings for a particular user based on the feedback obtained from the user. The feedback may be obtained in a structured manner, e.g., via predefined questions that prompt the user feedback. Additionally or alternatively, the feedback may be obtained in an unstructured manner, e.g., via cognitive analysis of unprompted user actions associated with the display. 
     To obtain feedback in a structured manner, the rendering module  130  may be configured to alert the user that the display  120  has been dynamically rendered for this user. For example, based on rendering the display  120  using the settings received from the settings module  155 , the rendering module  130  may cause the display  120  to display a message: “This display has been dynamically rendered for you.” This message is merely an example, and any type of visual and/or audible message may be used to alert the user that the display has been dynamically rendered. 
     In addition to alerting the user, the rendering module  130  may be configured to prompt the user for feedback regarding the rendering of the display. For example, the rendering module  130  may cause the display  120  to display a message asking the user to provide a first type of input if the user is satisfied with the current rendering of the display, or to provide a second type of input if the user is dissatisfied with the current rendering of the display. Any types of user inputs may be utilized as the first type and second type of input, including but not limited to: mouse click, keyboard input, touchscreen gesture (e.g., tap, double tap, swipe, etc.), verbal input (detected by a microphone of the computer device), and physical gesture (detected by a camera of the computer device). 
     In response to receiving the first type of input (i.e., the user is satisfied with the current rendering of the display), the rendering module  130  transmits a message to the settings module  155 , and the settings module  155  saves the current settings as the optimized settings for this particular user. In this situation, the rendering module  130  maintains the rendering of the display  120  with the settings with which the user indicated satisfaction. 
     In response to receiving the second type of input (i.e., the user is dissatisfied with the current rendering of the display), the rendering module  130  transmits a message to the settings module  155 , and the settings module  155  determines new settings for this user based on the user&#39;s vision condition and the feedback. In one example, the settings module  155  accesses the ranked list of plural different settings configurations associated with user&#39;s vision condition, and selects the next highest settings configuration from the list. In another example, the settings module  155  may be programmed with an algorithm for determining new settings based on an analysis of previously tried settings configurations for this user. In either situation, the settings module  155  returns the new settings to the rendering module  130 , which then renders the display  120  of the particular computer device  110   a - n  using the new settings. The system can go through plural iterations in this manner (e.g., the system rendering the display with certain settings, the user providing negative feedback, and the system re-rendering the display with new settings based on the feedback), until such time as the user provides positive feedback for a particular rendering of the display  120  (e.g., until the user provides the first type of input indicating they are satisfied with the current rendering of the display). In this manner, the system can learn optimized settings for a particular user based on structured feedback from the user. The system may perform this optimization separately for each of the plural users  135   a - m , such that each user has optimized settings that are personalized to them. 
     In the unstructured technique for obtaining user feedback, the system may be configured to: detect unprompted user actions associated with the display  120 , determine new settings based on analyzing the unprompted user actions, and re-render the display  120  using the determined new settings. For example, after rendering the display  120  using determined settings, the rendering module  130  may be configured to detect that the user is performing one or more of the following actions: squinting (e.g., detected by a camera of the computer device), and manually adjusting one of the display settings (e.g., by physical button or dial, or by user interface). In response to detecting this type of user input, the rendering module  130  transmits a message to the settings module  155 , and the settings module  155  determines new settings for this user based on the user&#39;s vision condition and the input. In one example, the settings module  155  accesses the ranked list of plural different settings configurations associated with user&#39;s vision condition, and selects the next highest settings configuration from the list. In another example, the settings module  155  may be programmed with an algorithm for determining new settings based on an analysis of previously tried settings configurations for this user. In either situation, the settings module  155  returns the new settings to the rendering module  130 , which then renders the display  120  of the particular computer device  110   a - n  using the new settings. 
       FIG. 4  has thus far been described with respect to detecting a user (e.g., one of users  135   a - m ) based on detecting a device (e.g., one of devices  140   a - m ). Additionally or alternatively to detecting a user via a device  140   a - m , the user detection module  125  may be configured to detect a user (e.g., a person using the computer device  110   a - n ) by employing at least one computer-based physical recognition technique such as facial recognition (e.g., via image processing), finger print detection (e.g., via image processing, capacitive systems, etc.), retina and/or iris scanning (e.g., via image processing), and voice recognition (e.g., via audio processing). Each computer device  110   a - n  may be equipped with appropriate hardware  145  for obtaining data for performing such physical recognition techniques, including but not limited to a camera, a microphone, and a capacitive fingerprint sensor. In embodiments, the user detection module  125  transmits the data from the physical recognition technique to the server  105 , which is configured to determining an identity of the user based on the data from the physical recognition technique. After the server  105  determines the identity of the user in this manner, the process of determining settings and rendering the display  120  based on the determined settings may proceed in the manner already described herein. 
     Aspects of the invention have been described thus far with respect to the server-based implementation shown in  FIG. 4 , in which plural different computer devices  110   a - n  communicate with a server  105  that determines the settings for the user. In another embodiment, the user computer device may determine the settings for the user. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5 , a user computer device  110   a ′ may include the display  120 , detection module  125 , and rendering module  130  as previously described. As further depicted in  FIG. 5 , the user computer device  110   a ′ may include a settings module  155 ′ and database  150 ′ that perform functions similar to the settings module  155  and database  150  described with respect to  FIG. 4 . For example, the database  150 ′ may store user identifiers, predefined lists of different settings configurations associated with different vision conditions, and previously determined settings for previous users. The settings module  155 ′ may be configured to determine settings for a user based on the user identifier and the user&#39;s vision condition (and optionally based on user feedback) in a manner similar to that described with respect to the settings module  155 . In this manner, the user computer device  110   a ′ is a stand-alone device that can detect a user, determine display settings based on a vision condition of the user, and render the display  120  using the determined settings. The database  150 ′ may store data for plural different users, such that the user computer device  110   a ′ may render the display differently for different users based on the respective vision conditions of the different users. 
     In an additional optional aspect of the invention, the rendering module  130  may be configured to determine whether the operating system of the computer device  110   a - n  is running other software that is configured to address vision conditions. In some implementations, the rendering module  130  may be configured to override the other software when rendering the display  120  using the determined settings (received from the settings module  155  or  155 ′). In other embodiments, the rendering module  130  may be configured to communicate with the other software to render the display  120  using a combination of the determined settings (received from the settings module  155  or  155 ′) and one or more settings defined by the other software. 
       FIG. 6  shows an example flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the invention. The steps of  FIG. 6  may be implemented in the environment of  FIG. 4 , for example, and are described using reference numbers of elements depicted in  FIG. 4 . As noted above, the flowchart illustrates the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. 
     At step  601 , a system detects a user at a computer device. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , a detection module (e.g., detection module  125 ) of a computer device (e.g., one of  110   a - n ) detects a user (e.g., one of  135   a - m ) by detecting a device (e.g., one of  140   a - m ) or via a computer-based physical recognition technique. Step  601  may include the computer device obtaining data from the detected device, the data including a user identifier and data defining a vision condition of the user. 
     At step  602 , the computer device transmits the data obtained at step  601  to a server (e.g., server  105 ). In response to receiving the data, the server determines whether the detected user is a previous user. For example, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , the server may compare the user identifier received from the computer device to a list of user identifiers stored, e.g., in a database. 
     In the event that the detected user is not a previous user, then at step  603  the server determines settings for the user. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , a settings module (e.g., settings module  155 ) of the server determines settings for the user based on the data that defines the vision condition of the user. 
     In the event that the detected user is a previous user, then at step  604  the server retrieves saved settings associated with this user. For example, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , the server may store settings associated with previous users in the database. 
     At step  605 , following either step  603  or step  604 , the server sends the determined settings to the computer device. At step  606 , the computer device renders the display using the settings received from the server. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , a rendering module (e.g., rendering module  130 ) of the computer device dynamically adjusts at least one parameter of the display (e.g., display  120 ) of the computer device based on the settings received from the server. 
     At step  607 , the computer device obtains feedback from the user. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , the rendering module may obtain structured and/or unstructured feedback from the user in response to the rendering of step  606 . In embodiments, the rendering module determines, based on the feedback, whether the user is satisfied with the rendering of step  606 . 
     In response to determining that the user is satisfied with the rendering of step  606 , then at step  608  the rendering module maintains the rendering of step  606  and sends a message to the server to save the settings (sent at step  605  and applied at step  606 ) as the optimized settings for this user. 
     In response to determining that the user is dissatisfied with the rendering of step  606 , then at step  609  the rendering module sends the feedback to the server. At step  610 , the server determines new settings for this user based on the vision condition of the user and the feedback. After determining the new settings at step  610 , the process loops back to step  605  where the server sends the newly determined settings to the computer device. 
       FIG. 7  shows an example flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the invention. The steps of  FIG. 7  may be implemented in the environment of  FIG. 5 , for example, and are described using reference numbers of elements depicted in  FIG. 5 . 
     At step  701 , a system detects a user at a computer device. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 5 , a detection module (e.g., detection module  125 ) of a computer device (e.g., computer device  110   a ′) detects a user (e.g., one of  135   a - m ) by detecting a device (e.g., one of  140   a - m ) or via a computer-based physical recognition technique. Step  701  may include the computer device obtaining data from the detected device, the data including a user identifier and data defining a vision condition of the user. In response to obtaining the data, the computer device  110   a ′ determines whether the detected user is a previous user. For example, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , the computer device  110   a ′ may compare the user identifier received from the computer device to a list of user identifiers stored, e.g., in a database. 
     In the event that the detected user is not a previous user, then at step  703  the computer device  110   a ′ determines settings for the user. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 5 , a settings module (e.g., settings module  155 ′) of the computer device  110   a ′ determines settings for the user based on the data that defines the vision condition of the user. 
     In the event that the detected user is a previous user, then at step  704  the computer device  110   a ′ retrieves saved settings associated with this user. For example, as described with respect to  FIG. 5 , the computer device  110   a ′ may store settings associated with previous users in the database. 
     At step  706 , the computer device  110   a ′ renders the display using the settings from step  703  or  704 . In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , a rendering module (e.g., rendering module  130 ) of the computer device  110   a ′ dynamically adjusts at least one parameter of the display (e.g., display  120 ) of the computer device  110   a ′ based on the settings. 
     At step  707 , the computer device  110   a ′ obtains feedback from the user. In embodiments, as described with respect to  FIG. 4 , the rendering module may obtain structured and/or unstructured feedback from the user in response to the rendering of step  706 . In embodiments, the rendering module determines, based on the feedback, whether the user is satisfied with the rendering of step  706 . 
     In response to determining that the user is satisfied with the rendering of step  706 , then at step  708  the rendering module maintains the rendering of step  706  and saves the settings (applied at step  706 ) as the optimized settings for this user. 
     In response to determining that the user is dissatisfied with the rendering of step  706 , then at step  710 , the computer device  110   a ′ determines new settings for this user based on the vision condition of the user and the feedback. After determining the new settings at step  710 , the process loops back to step  706  where the computer device  110   a ′ renders the display using the new settings. 
     To the extent the aforementioned implementations collect, store, or employ personal information provided by individuals, it should be understood that such information shall be used in accordance with all applicable laws concerning protection of personal information. Additionally, the collection, storage, and use of such information may be subject to consent of the individual to such activity, for example, through “opt-in” or “opt-out” processes as may be appropriate for the situation and type of information. Storage and use of personal information may be in an appropriately secure manner reflective of the type of information, for example, through various encryption and anonymization techniques for particularly sensitive information. 
     In embodiments, a service provider could offer to perform the processes described herein. In this case, the service provider can create, maintain, deploy, support, etc., the computer infrastructure that performs the process steps of the invention for one or more customers. These customers may be, for example, any business that uses technology. In return, the service provider can receive payment from the customer(s) under a subscription and/or fee agreement and/or the service provider can receive payment from the sale of advertising content to one or more third parties. 
     In still additional embodiments, the invention provides a computer-implemented method, via a network. In this case, a computer infrastructure, such as computer system/server  12  ( FIG. 1 ), can be provided and one or more systems for performing the processes of the invention can be obtained (e.g., created, purchased, used, modified, etc.) and deployed to the computer infrastructure. To this extent, the deployment of a system can comprise one or more of: (1) installing program code on a computing device, such as computer system/server  12  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ), from a computer-readable medium; (2) adding one or more computing devices to the computer infrastructure; and (3) incorporating and/or modifying one or more existing systems of the computer infrastructure to enable the computer infrastructure to perform the processes of the invention. 
     The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.