Patent Publication Number: US-10320082-B2

Title: High directivity slot antenna

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The subject disclosure generally relates to high directivity slot antennae. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Interfering radio frequency (RF) emissions negatively affect wireless network performance, and identifying such emissions has been challenging and costly. Consequently, conventional wireless technologies have had some drawbacks, some of which may be noted with reference to the various embodiments described herein below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Non-limiting embodiments of the subject disclosure are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of a slot antenna with side chambers, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a block diagram of electromagnetic signals being received within an aperture of a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a block diagram of a top view of a slot antenna without side chambers, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of an assembly of a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram of a top view of a slot antenna with side chambers, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a block diagram of a portion of a top view of a slot antenna with side chambers, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a block diagram of an adjustable aperture of a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates another block diagram of an adjustable aperture of a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a block diagram of an RF absorbent foam attached to an aperture of a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a block diagram of an angled configurable aperture, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a block diagram of a curved configurable aperture, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram of a slot antenna with an interchangeable element portion, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a block diagram of a slot antenna comprising a rear-fed single element feed element, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a block diagram of a slot antenna comprising a pair of rear-fed multi-element feed elements, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a block diagram of a stacked, multiphase array of slot antennas for increasing signal gain, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a block diagram of a slot antenna for detecting an electromagnetic signal of increased frequency, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a block diagram of a baffle having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a block diagram of a top view of a baffle having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates another block diagram of a baffle having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a block diagram of a side view of a baffle having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a block diagram of a view of a baffle from an edge opposite from a waffled edge of the baffle, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 22  illustrates a block diagram of a view of a baffle from a waffled edge of the baffle, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a block diagram of a top view of a slot antenna comprising baffles having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a block diagram of a portion of a top view of a slot antenna comprising baffles having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a block diagram of a system comprising a controller component for receiving, transmitting, and processing respective electromagnetic signals via a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a block diagram of a method associated with a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments; and 
         FIG. 27  illustrates a block diagram of a method associated with a system comprising a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of the subject disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which example embodiments are shown. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. However, the subject disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the example embodiments set forth herein. 
     As described above, conventional wireless technologies have had some drawbacks with respect to identifying interfering RF sources that negatively impact wireless network performance. Further, such technologies have had some drawbacks with respect to providing wireless service in narrow coverage areas without causing interference to adjacent sectors of wireless cell site(s), e.g., corresponding to streets, stadiums, arena concourses, hallways, jetways, rail platforms, etc. Various embodiments disclosed herein can enable RF engineers to locate, identify, etc. interfering RF sources and/or improve wireless service in narrow coverage areas without causing interference to adjacent sectors of a wireless cell site by providing an antenna with a narrow RF transmission/reception pattern. 
     For example, a method can comprise: receiving, through an aperture of an antenna, e.g., slot antenna, an electromagnetic signal away from a direct path from a source of the electromagnetic signal to an electrical element, e.g., receiver, transceiver, monopole, dipole, etc. of the antenna—the aperture corresponding to a first opening of a central chamber included between portions of RF absorbent material, e.g., foam, and the electrical element corresponding to a second opening of the central chamber. 
     Further, the method can include absorbing the electromagnetic signal into a first portion of the portions of RF absorbent material—the first portion comprising a baffle that is adjacent to a first segment of the RF absorbent material, and the baffle comprising a metallic element, e.g., conductor, that alters an RF propagation of the electromagnetic signal from the central chamber into the RF absorbent material. 
     In another embodiment, the antenna can comprise side chambers between segments of the RF absorbent material, and the absorbing of the electromagnetic signal can comprise reflecting, via one of the side chambers located between the first segment of the RF absorbent material and a second segment of the RF absorbent material, the electromagnetic signal from the baffle to the second segment, and absorbing the electromagnetic signal into the second segment of the RF absorbent material. 
     In yet another embodiment, the method can further comprise receiving, through the aperture, an electromagnetic signal away from the direct path from the source to the electrical element; and absorbing the electromagnetic signal into the first segment, e.g., the electromagnetic signal not being reflected by a baffle. 
     In one embodiment, the method can further comprise receiving, through the aperture, an electromagnetic signal away from the direct path from the source to the electrical element; and absorbing the electromagnetic signal into the second segment, e.g., the electromagnetic signal not being reflected by a baffle. 
     In an embodiment, the method can further comprise receiving, through the aperture along the direct path from the source to the electrical element, e.g., a transceiver, an electromagnetic signal at the electrical element, e.g., for locating, identifying, pinpointing, etc. an RF source. 
     In another embodiment, the method can further comprise transmitting, through the aperture from the electrical element, another electromagnetic signal along the direct path, e.g., for providing a narrow RF transmission pattern, e.g., without causing interference to adjacent wireless cell cite sector(s), e.g., corresponding to a street, a stadium, an arena concourse, a hallway, a jet way, a train platform, etc. In one embodiment, the electrical element can comprise a set of elements, e.g., comprising monopole element(s), dipole element(s), etc. 
     Another embodiment can comprise an antenna, e.g., slot antenna, comprising: an electrical element, e.g., receiver, transmitter, transceiver, etc. comprising a monopole, a dipole, a set of dipoles, etc. The antenna further comprises an aperture; a center channel comprising a front portion corresponding to the aperture and a back portion corresponding to the electrical element; and columns of RF absorbent material adjacent to respective sides of the center channel. In this regard, a column of the columns comprises baffles adjacent to respective sections of the RF absorbent material, and a baffle of the baffles comprises a metallic element, e.g., conductor, that alters an RF propagation of a radio wave from the center channel into a section of the respective sections that absorbs the radio wave—the radio wave received through the aperture and misaligned from a direct path between a source of the radio wave and the electrical element. 
     In an embodiment, the baffle is adjacent to a first section of the respective sections, and reflects the radio wave to a second section of the respective sections—the second section absorbing the radio wave. 
     In another embodiment, a radio wave that has been received through the aperture and misaligned from the direct path between the source and the electrical element, e.g., without being reflected by a baffle, can be absorbed by, within, etc. the first section. 
     In yet another embodiment, the radio wave that has been received through the aperture and misaligned from the direct path between the source and the electrical element, e.g., without being reflected by the baffle, can be absorbed by, within, etc. the second section. 
     In one embodiment, the radio wave that has been received through the aperture and misaligned from the direct path between the source and the electrical element, e.g., without being reflected by the baffle, can be absorbed by, within, etc. a third section of the sections. 
     In another embodiment, the electrical element receives, through the aperture along the direct path between the source and the electrical element, a radio wave. 
     In yet another embodiment, the electrical element transmits a radio wave through the aperture along the direct path. 
     In an embodiment, a size of an opening of the aperture is configurable. 
     In one embodiment a system comprises: a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: receiving, via a central chamber between columns of segments of an antenna, a first electromagnetic signal away from a direct path from a source of the first electromagnetic signal to an electrical element of the antenna—the segments being adjacent to respective baffles and comprising a radio frequency absorbent material, and the first electromagnetic signal being absorbed in a segment of the segments. 
     In one embodiment, a column of the columns comprises a side chamber between a pair of the segments, and a baffle of the respective baffles is adjacent to a first segment of the pair of segments. Further, the first electromagnetic signal can be reflected from the baffle to a second segment of the pair of segment, and the second segment can absorb the first electromagnetic signal. 
     In another embodiment, an aperture size of the aperture, a size of the electrical element, a position of the electrical element, an angle of the baffle, and/or a length of the baffle is configurable to optimize a reception characteristic of the antenna and/or a transmission characteristic of the antenna. Further, the operations further comprise: receiving, via the central chamber, a second electromagnetic signal along the direct path from the source to the electrical element; and determining, via the electrical element based on the reception characteristic, an electrical characteristic of the second electromagnetic signal. 
     Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment,” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment,” or “in an embodiment,” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     As described above, conventional wireless technologies have had difficulties with respect to identifying interfering RF sources and/or improving wireless service within narrow wireless coverage areas. Various embodiments described herein enable locating RF emissions that can negatively affect wireless network performance, and improving wireless service in wireless coverage areas that are linear in nature, e.g., on streets, stadium concourses, hallways, jetways, train platforms, etc. by utilizing a high directivity slot antenna. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , block diagrams of a slot antenna ( 100 ) with side chambers, and sources ( 202 ,  204 ,  206 ) directing electromagnetic signals towards slot antenna  100 , are illustrated, respectively, in accordance with various example embodiments. Slot antenna  100  comprises electrical element  104 , e.g., a monopole, that can be configured to receive an electromagnetic signal through center channel  106  and aperture  102 , e.g., along a direct, e.g., narrow, path ( 200 ) between a source ( 202 ,  204 ,  206 ) of the electromagnetic signal and electrical element  104 . 
     Further, slot antenna  100  comprises columns of RF absorbent material adjacent to respective sides of center channel  106 . The columns of RF absorbent material comprise baffles ( 112 ), e.g., coated with and/or made of a metallic element, conductor, etc. that are adjacent to respective sections ( 108 ) of the RF absorbent material. In this regard, a baffle of the baffles can alter an RF propagation of an electromagnetic signal, which has been received through aperture  102  and misaligned from direct path  200 , from center channel  106  into one of the respective sections ( 108 ) of the RF absorbent material, which can then absorb the electromagnetic signal. 
     As illustrated by  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in example embodiments, slot antenna  100  can comprise side channels, chambers, etc. between the respective sections  108  of the RF absorbent material, e.g., with baffles  112  comprising respective side walls of the side channels, chambers, etc., and sections  108  of the RF absorbent material comprising opposite side walls of the side channels, chambers, etc. In this regard, in one example embodiment, the baffle can reflect an electromagnetic signal—received through aperture  102  and misaligned from direct path  200 —from a side wall of a first channel of the side channels formed by a first section of sections  108  of the RF absorbent material to an opposite side wall of the side channel comprising a second section of sections  108  of the RF absorbent material. 
     In another example embodiment, another electromagnetic signal that has been received through aperture  102  and misaligned from direct path  200 , e.g., without being reflected by a baffle, can be absorbed by, into, etc. the first section of the RF absorbent material. 
     In yet another example embodiment, another electromagnetic signal that has been received through aperture  102  and misaligned from direct path  200 , e.g., without being reflected by a baffle, can be absorbed by, into, etc. the second section of the RF absorbent material. 
     In one example embodiment, another electromagnetic signal that has been received through aperture  102  and misaligned from direct path  200 , e.g., without being reflected by a baffle, can be absorbed by, into, etc. a third section of the RF absorbent material. 
     In another example embodiment illustrated by  FIG. 3 , slot antenna  100  does not comprise side channels, chambers, etc. between the respective sections  108  of the RF absorbent material. In this regard, baffles  112  are embedded within the respective sections  108  of the RF absorbent material, and electromagnetic signal(s) that have been received through aperture  102  and misaligned from direct path  200  can be absorbed by, into, etc. portions(s) of the respective sections  108  of the RF absorbent material. 
     In yet another example embodiment, electrical element  104  is configured to transmit a radio wave through aperture  102  along the direct path. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , slot antenna  100  can be assembled by placing other RF absorbent material  116  and  118  on top and bottom portions of the columns of RF absorbent material, then side portion(s) of metal surround  114  can be soldered to baffles  112  to encase, form a shell around, etc. the columns of RF absorbent material and the other RF absorbent material  116  and  118 . Further, top and bottom portions of metal surround  114  can be soldered to the side portion(s) of metal surround  114  to surround outside portions of slot antenna  100 , except for portions of slot antenna  100  corresponding to aperture  102 . 
     In this regard, pieces of RF absorbent material ( 110 ) can be placed over front edges of metal surround  114  corresponding to aperture  102 . In an example, embodiment, the pieces of RF absorbent material  110  can comprise a foam, etc. of a different composition, RF absorption property, etc. than the RF absorbent material of sections  108 . 
     In example embodiments illustrated by  FIGS. 5 and 6 , portions of the columns of RF absorbent material can surround, wrap around, etc. exposed edges of baffles  112 , e.g., to reduce knife-edge refraction from baffles  112 . 
       FIGS. 7-8  illustrate block diagrams of slot antenna  100  comprising an adjustable aperture  710 , in accordance with various example embodiments. Adjustable aperture  710  can comprise metal portions forming an adjustable opening at one end of slot antenna  100 , i.e., opposite another end of slot antenna  100  corresponding to electrical element  104 —the adjustable opening enabling adjustment of reception and transmission characteristics of slot antenna  100 , modifying a gain of slot antenna  100 , etc. In this regard, in embodiments, adjustable aperture  710  can form an opening ( 720 ,  810 ) that is smaller than a gap formed between the columns of RF absorbent material. Further, in an example embodiment illustrated by  FIG. 9 , edge(s) of adjustable aperture  710  can be covered with RF absorbent material  910  to reduce reflections of electromagnetic signals from adjustable aperture  710 . 
     Now referring to example embodiments illustrated by  FIGS. 10-11 , slot antenna  100  can comprise a configurable, or mechanically adjustable, aperture ( 1010 ,  1110 ).  FIG. 10  illustrates slot antenna  100  comprising an angled configurable aperture  1010 . It should be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art of antenna technologies having the benefit of the instant disclosure that although not illustrated by  FIG. 10 , front facing portions of angled configurable aperture  1010  can be covered with an RF absorbent material, e.g., to reduce reflections, refractions, etc. of electromagnetic signals from angled configurable aperture  1010 . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates slot antenna  100  comprising a curved configurable aperture  1110 , in accordance with various example embodiments. It should be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art of antenna technologies having the benefit of the instant disclosure that although not illustrated by  FIG. 11 , front facing portions of curved configurable aperture  1110  can be covered with an RF absorbent material, e.g., to reduce reflections, refractions, etc. of electromagnetic signals from curved configurable aperture  1110 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a block diagram of slot antenna  100  comprising an interchangeable element portion ( 1205 ), in accordance with various example embodiments. In this regard, interchangeable element portion  1205  can comprise a particular arrangement of electrical element  104  and reflective section  1220 , e.g., comprising a different placement of electrical element  104 , different placement of reflective section  1220 , a different configuration of electrical element  104 , e.g., a monopole configuration, a dipole configuration, etc. of feed element  104 , or a set of feed elements comprising feed element  104 , etc. than the example embodiment illustrated by  FIG. 12 . In this regard, hinge  1210  enables mechanical replacement of interchangeable element portion  1205 . It should be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art of antenna technologies having the benefit of the instant disclosure that hinge  1210  can alternatively be attached to metal surround  114  across the top of metal surround  114 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 13-16 , block diagrams of different configurations and arrangements of slot antenna  100  are illustrated, in accordance with various example embodiments. As illustrated by  FIG. 13 , embodiments of slot antennas described herein (e.g.  100 ) can comprise, alternatively comprise, etc. rear-fed single element feed element  1310 .  FIG. 14  illustrates that embodiments of slot antennas described herein (e.g.  100 ) can comprise, alternatively comprise, etc. pair of rear-fed multi-element feed elements  1410 .  FIG. 15  illustrates that embodiments of slot antennas described herein (e.g.  100 ) can be arranged, configured, etc. in a stacked, multiphase array, e.g., for increasing signal gain.  FIG. 16  illustrates that embodiments of slot antennas described herein (e.g.  100 ) can be configured, e.g., increased in height, to detect an electromagnetic signal, radio wave, etc. of increased frequency. 
       FIGS. 17-22  illustrate block diagrams of a baffle (e.g.  112 ) having a waffled edge, in accordance with various example embodiments. As illustrated by  FIGS. 17-22 , a waffled edge of baffle  112  can comprise a pattern of a change in direction along a top portion of the waffled edge, and along a side portion of the waffled edge. In this regard, and now referring to  FIGS. 23-24 , diagrams of a slot antenna (e.g.  100 ) comprising baffles ( 1500 ) having a waffled edge are illustrated, in accordance with various example embodiments. As illustrated by  FIG. 24 , exposed waffled edges of baffles  1500  can be surrounded, wrapped, etc. with RF absorbent material (e.g.  108 ), e.g., to reduce knife-edge refraction from such edges. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates a block diagram of a system ( 2500 ) comprising controller component  2510  for receiving, transmitting, and processing respective electromagnetic signals via a slot antenna ( 100 ,  300 , etc.), in accordance with various example embodiments. Interface component  2540  comprises an electrical interface coupled between processing component  2510  and/or memory component  2520  and the slot antenna for enabling processing component  2510  to perform various operations related to receiving, transmitting, and processing respective electromagnetic signals via the slot antenna. In this regard, it should be appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art of antenna technologies having the benefit of the instant disclosure that interface component  2540  can enable transmission, reception, and processing of linearly polarized electromagnetic signals, elliptically polarized electromagnetic signals, circularly polarized electromagnetic signals, etc. utilizing slot antennas disclosed herein. 
     In embodiment(s), processing component  2510  can execute computer-readable instructions that facilitate performance of operations—utilizing slot antennas disclosed herein—related to identifying signal sources that are negatively impacting a wireless communication environment, and/or related to improving wireless coverage in wireless environments corresponding to narrow wireless coverage areas. 
     In this regard, such operations can comprise receiving, via a central chamber ( 106 ,  306 , etc.) between columns of segments of a slot antenna, a first electromagnetic signal away from a direct path from a source of the first electromagnetic signal to an electrical element of the slot antenna—the segments being adjacent to respective baffles and comprising a radio frequency absorbent material, and the first electromagnetic signal being absorbed in a segment of the segments. 
     In one embodiment, a column of the columns comprises a side chamber between a pair of the segments, and a baffle of the respective baffles is adjacent to a first segment of the pair of segments. Further, the first electromagnetic signal can be reflected from the baffle to a second segment of the pair of segment, and absorbed in the second segment. 
     In another embodiment, an aperture size of the aperture, a size of the electrical element, a position of the electrical element, an angle of the baffle, and/or a length of the baffle is configurable to optimize a reception characteristic of the slot antenna and/or a transmission characteristic of the slot antenna. In yet another embodiment, the aperture size can be opened up, e.g., made larger, to enable a wider beam of an electromagnetic signal to be received within the central chamber. In one embodiment, a length of the central chamber, or channel, can be shortened, and some of the respective baffles can be removed for beam widening, e.g., to enable the wider beam of the electromagnetic signal to be received within the central chamber. 
     Further, the operations can comprise: receiving, via the central chamber, a second electromagnetic signal along the direct path from the source to the electrical element; and determining, via the electrical element based on the reception characteristic of the slot antenna, an electrical characteristic of the second electromagnetic signal. 
     In another embodiment, the operations can comprise: transmitting, from the electrical element via the central chamber, a second electromagnetic signal along the direct path to a destination device based on the transmission characteristic of the slot antenna. 
       FIGS. 26-27  illustrate methodologies in accordance with the disclosed subject matter. For simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are depicted and described as a series of acts. It is to be understood and appreciated that the subject innovation is not limited by the acts illustrated and/or by the order of acts. For example, acts can occur in various orders and/or concurrently, and with other acts not presented or described herein. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement the methodologies in accordance with the disclosed subject matter. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the methodologies could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states via a state diagram or events. Additionally, it should be further appreciated that some of the methodologies disclosed hereinafter and throughout this specification (e.g. process  2700  associated with system  2500 ) are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting and transferring such methodologies to computers. The term article of manufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 26 , a process ( 2600 ) corresponding a slot antenna ( 100 ,  300 , etc.) is illustrated, in accordance with various example embodiments. At  2610 , an electromagnetic signal can be received, through an aperture of the slot antenna corresponding to a first opening of a central chamber included between portions of RF absorbent material, e.g., foam, away from a direct path from a source of the electromagnetic signal to an electrical element, e.g., monopole, dipole, etc. corresponding to a second opening of the central chamber. 
     At  2620 , the electromagnetic signal can be absorbed into, within, etc. a first portions of the portions of RF absorbent material. In this regard, the first portion can comprise a baffle that is adjacent to a first segment of RF absorbent material, the baffle can comprise a metallic element, e.g., conductor, which alters an RF propagation of the electromagnetic signal from the central chamber into the RF absorbent material. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates a process ( 2700 ) performed by a system ( 2500 ) comprising a slot antenna, in accordance with various example embodiments. At  2710 , a first electromagnetic signal can be received, via a central chamber between columns of segments of a slot antenna, away from a direct path from a source of the first electromagnetic signal to an electrical element of the slot antenna—the first electromagnetic signal being absorbed into a segment of the segments. 
     At  2720 , a second electromagnetic signal can be received, via the central chamber, along the direct path from the source to the electrical element. At  2730 , an electrical characteristic of the second electromagnetic signal can be determined, via the electrical element, based on a configurable characteristic of the slot antenna. 
     At  2740 , a third electromagnetic signal can be transmitted, via the central chamber from the electrical element along the direct path, to a destination device based on the configurable characteristic of the slot antenna. 
     As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions and/or processes described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of mobile devices. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units. 
     In the subject specification, terms such as “memory component”, and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component and/or process, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory,” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. 
     By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory, for example, can be included in memory component  2530 . Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory. 
     Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the appended claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements. Moreover, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. 
     Furthermore, the word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subject disclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize. 
     In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described in connection with various embodiments and corresponding Figures, where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the described embodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.