Patent Publication Number: US-2020287241-A1

Title: Additive for non-aqueous electrolyte solution, non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can improve the low-temperature properties and the high-temperature durability in a well-balanced manner when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery using the same. 
     BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY 
     In recent years, storage systems to be applied to small equipment that needs high energy density, such as information-technology-related equipment or communication equipment, specifically, personal computers, video cameras, digital still cameras, and cell phones, and storage systems to be applied to large equipment that needs high power, such as auxiliary power and energy storage for electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles have received attention. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lithium battery, a lithium ion capacitor or a sodium ion battery has been actively developed as a candidate thereof. 
     Although many of these non-aqueous electrolyte solution batteries have already been put into practical use, each property is not satisfactory in various applications. In particular, in case of the use of being mounted on a vehicle such as an electric vehicle, since high input/output properties are required even in a cold season, the improvement in low-temperature properties is important, and high-temperature cycle properties, such as maintenance of the properties (less increase in the internal resistance) even when repeatedly charged and discharged in a high-temperature environment, are further required. 
     Until now, as a means of improving the high-temperature properties of non-aqueous electrolyte solution batteries and the battery properties (cycle properties) when charge and discharge are repeated, optimization of various battery components including positive and negative electrode active materials has been studied. Non-aqueous electrolyte solution-related technology is also no exception, and it has been proposed to use various additives for suppressing deterioration due to decomposition of the electrolyte solution on the surface of an active positive electrode or negative electrode. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes to improve battery properties by adding vinylene carbonate to the electrolyte solution. 
     In addition, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, a method for improving the conductivity of cations (reducing resistance) by using the specific ionic compound as a supporting electrolyte has been proposed. 
     PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS 
     Patent Documents 
     Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Un-examined Publication number (hereinafter referred to simply as JP-A number) JP-A-2000-123867 
     Patent Document 2: JP-A-2001-507043 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Subject to be Attained by the Invention 
     In non-aqueous electrolyte solution batteries using non-aqueous electrolyte solutions disclosed in the prior art documents, the compatibility between the durability performance at high temperature and the output performance at low temperature is not satisfactory, and accordingly there was room for improvement. 
     For example, although an electrolyte solution containing vinylene carbonate as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has improved cycle properties at high temperature, it has a problem in that the internal resistance significantly increases and the low-temperature properties decrease. 
     In addition, for example, although an electrolyte solution containing an ionic compound as a supporting electrolyte as disclosed in Example 4 of Patent Document 2 has improved cycle properties at high temperature, it has a problem in that the effect of improving low-temperature properties is low. 
     Furthermore, an electrolyte solution containing an ionic compound as a supporting electrolyte as disclosed in disclosed in Example 15 of Patent Document 2 has a problem in that the effects of improving the cycle properties at high temperature and the low-temperature properties are both low. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can exhibit high-temperature cycle properties at 50° C. or more and low-temperature output properties at −20° C. or less in a well-balanced manner, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing such an additive and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery using such an electrolyte solution. 
     Means for Attaining the Subject of the Invention 
     The present inventors have intensively studied in view of the above problems, and as a result, have found that when an ionic compound having the specific structure is used as an additive in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a non-aqueous solvent and a solute, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery using the resultant non-aqueous electrolyte solution can exhibit high-temperature cycle properties and low-temperature output properties in a well-balanced manner, and arrived at the present invention. 
     That is, the present invention provides an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution (hereinafter, may be generally referred to simply as “ionic compound”) represented by the following formula [1]: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In formula [1], Z 1  to Z 4  are each independently a fluorine atom or an organic group selected from the group consisting of linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, linear or branched alkynyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkoxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyloxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and aryloxy groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, where the organic group may contain a fluorine atom, an oxygen atom, or an unsaturated bond; and at least one of Z 1  to Z 4  is a fluorine atom. 
     Incidentally, the phrase “the organic group contains a fluorine atom” specifically means that a hydrogen atom in the group is substituted with a fluorine atom. 
     In addition, the phrase “the organic group contains an oxygen atom” specifically means, for example, that “—O—” (ether bond) is interposed between the carbon atoms in the group. 
     M p+  is a proton, a metal cation, or an onium cation, and p is a cation valence. 
     In the ionic compound, it is preferable that Z 1  and Z 4  are independently a fluorine atom or a group selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a phenyl group; Z 2  and Z 3  are each independently a fluorine atom or a group selected from the group consisting of a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxyl group, an allyloxy group, a 2-propynyloxy group, and a phenyloxy group; and at least one of Z 2  and Z 3  is a fluorine atom. 
     In the ionic compound, M p+  is preferably a proton or at least one cation selected from the group consisting of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a tetraalkylammonium ion, and a tetraalkylphosphonium ion. 
     In addition, the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, and the above-described additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution (hereinafter, may be referred to simply as “non-aqueous electrolyte solution” or “electrolyte solution”). 
     The content of the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is preferably within a range of 0.005 to 5.0 mass % based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent, the solute, and the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. If the content is higher than 5.0 mass %, the discharge capacity may be decreased by excessive formation of a film. In contrast, if the content is less than 0.005 mass %, the formation of a film is insufficient, and the effect of improving the properties may become difficult to be realized. 
     The solute is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPO 2 F 2 , LiN(POF 2 ) 2 , LiN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), LiN(FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ), LiSO 3 F, NaPF 6 , NaBF 4 , NaPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), NaP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , NaBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), NaB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , NaPO 2 F 2 , NaN(POF 2 ) 2 , NaN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), NaN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), NaN(FSO 2 ) 2 , NaN(FSO 2 )(FCO), NaN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , NaN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ), and NaSO 3 F. 
     The non-aqueous electrolyte solution may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (hereinafter may be referred to as “VC”), fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide, tetravinylsilane, 1,3-propanesultone, ethynylethylene carbonate, trans-di fluoroethylene carbonate, and (ethoxy)pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene. When such a compound is contained, at least any one of the cycle properties, high-temperature storage properties, and suppression of gas generation amount tends to be improved. Among these compounds, in particular, it is preferable to contain at least one selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide, tetravinylsilane, and 1,3-propanesultone, from the viewpoint of improving at least any one of the cycle properties, high-temperature storage properties, and suppression of gas generation amount. 
     The lower limit of the content of the compound optionally contained in the electrolyte solution is preferably 0.001 mass % or more, more preferably 0.005 mass % or more, and further preferably 0.01 mass % or more based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent, the solute, the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and the “optionally contained compound”, and the upper limit is preferably 5.0 mass % or less, more preferably 3.0 mass % or less, and further preferably 2.0 mass % or less. 
     Incidentally, the “optionally contained compound” is described in the item “other solute and additive” in the tables in Examples described below. 
     In addition, the non-aqueous solvent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, cyclic esters, chain esters, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, sulfone compounds, sulfoxide compounds, and ionic liquids. 
     In addition, the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery (hereinafter, may be referred to simply as a “non-aqueous battery” or “battery”) at least including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the above-described electrolyte solution. 
     Effect of the Invention 
     According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can exhibit high-temperature cycle properties at 50° C. or more and low-temperature output properties at −20° C. or less in a well-balanced manner, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing such an additive, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery using such an electrolyte solution. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION BY THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows the results of evaluation of Examples 1-1 to 1-16 and Comparative Examples 0 and 1-1 to 1-3; 
         FIG. 2  shows the results of evaluation of Examples 2-1 to 2-3 and Comparative Examples 0 and 2-1 to 2-3; 
         FIG. 3  shows the results of evaluation of Examples 3-1 to 3-3 and Comparative Examples 0 and 3-1 to 3-5; and 
         FIG. 4  shows the results of evaluation of Example 4-1 and Comparative Examples 0 and 4-1 to 4-3. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention will now be described in detail below. However, the descriptions of the components described below are examples of the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific contents and can be carried out with various modifications within the scope of the gist of the present invention. 
     1. Additive for a Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution 
     Although the mechanism of the action of improving the battery properties by the present invention is not clear, it is conceived that the ionic compound of the present invention is partially decomposed at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte solution and the interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte solution to form a film. It is conceived that this film inhibits the direct contact between the non-aqueous solvent or the solute and the active material to prevent the decomposition of the non-aqueous solvent and the solute, so as to inhibit the deterioration of the battery performance. 
     Further, although the mechanism is not clear, it is important that the ionic compound has both a N═P bond moiety and a sulfonyl moiety (S(═O) 2 ), and it is conceived that a firm film is formed by incorporating the N═P bond moiety and the sulfonyl moiety (S(═O) 2 ) into the film. In addition, it is conceived that the charge in the film is biased and that the film has a high lithium conductivity, that is, has a low resistance (the film has good output properties). 
     In addition, it is important that the ionic compound has at least one P—F bond or S—F bond from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature properties. It is conceived that when the above moiety includes a moiety having high electron-withdrawing properties (for example, a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing alkyl group or alkoxy group), the charge bias is further increased and a film having a lower resistance (a film having better output properties) is formed. A larger number of the P—F bond and the S—F bond in the ionic compound is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature properties. In particular, it is most preferable that Z 1  to Z 4  all represent fluorine atoms from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature properties. 
     From the above reasons, it is inferred that the effect of improving the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties in a well-balanced manner is exhibited by the non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing the ionic compound of the present invention. 
     In the above formula [1], the groups represented by Z 1  to Z 4  are as follows. Examples of the alkyl group and the alkoxyl group include alkyl groups and fluorine-containing alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2-difluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, and a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl group; and alkoxy groups derived therefrom. 
     Examples of the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group include alkenyl groups and fluorine-containing alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 1-propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, and a 1,3-butadienyl group; and alkenyloxy groups derived therefrom. 
     Examples of the alkynyl group and the alkynyloxy group include alkynyl groups and fluorine-containing alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as an ethynyl group, a 2-propynyl group, and a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl group; and alkynyloxy groups derived therefrom. 
     Examples of the cycloalkyl group and the cycloalkoxy group include cycloalkyl groups and fluorine-containing cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group; and cycloalkoxy groups derived therefrom. 
     Examples of the cycloalkenyl group and the cycloalkenyloxy group include cycloalkenyl groups and fluorine-containing cycloalkenyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopentenyl group and a cyclohexenyl group; and cycloalkenyloxy groups derived therefrom. 
     Examples of the aryl group and the aryloxy group include aryl groups and fluorine-containing aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a xylyl group; and aryloxy groups derived therefrom. 
     More specifically, examples of the anion of the ionic compound represented by the above formula [1] include, but not limited to, the following anions (1) to (16): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The ionic compound represented by formula [1] preferably has a high purity. In particular, the content of chlorine (Cl) in the ionic compound as a raw material before being dissolved in the electrolyte solution is preferably 5000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 1000 mass ppm or less, and further preferably 100 mass ppm or less. The use of the ionic compound having a high concentration of remaining chlorine (Cl) tends to corrode the battery members and is therefore not preferred. Especially, a content of chloride (Cl) of higher than 5000 mass ppm may corrode the current collector of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery and is not preferred. 
     In addition, the content of hydrofluoric acid in the ionic compound represented by formula [1] as a raw material before being dissolved in the electrolyte solution is preferably 5000 mass ppm or less and further preferably 1000 mass ppm or less. The content of hydrofluoric acid of higher than 5000 mass ppm may corrode the current collector of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery and is not preferred. 
     The ionic compound represented by formula [1] can be manufactured by various methods, and the manufacturing method is not particularly limited. 
     For example, as described in Patent Document 2, the ionic compound can be manufactured by reacting a corresponding phosphazo compound (Z 1 SO 2 N═PXZ 2 Z 3  (X is a halogen atom)) and a corresponding sulfonylamide compound (Z 4 SO 2 NH-M) in the presence of an organic base or an inorganic base in the absence of a solvent or in a solvent that does not react with them. 
     The ionic compound can also be obtained by synthesizing R 1 SO 2 N═P(R 2 )(R 3 )—NSO 2 R 4  and then converting R 1  to R 4  into Z 1  to Z 4 , respectively, by a nucleophilic reaction. 
     2. Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution 
     2-1. Additive for Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution 
     The non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention contains a solute and a non-aqueous solvent both of which will be described below, and the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution described above. Based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent, the solute, and the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, the lower limit of the content of the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in the electrolyte solution is preferably 0.001 mass % or more, more preferably 0.005 mass % or more, and further preferably 0.01 mass % or more, and the upper limit is preferably 5.0 mass % or less, more preferably 3.0 mass % or less, and further preferably 2.0 mass % or less. 
     If the content is lower than 0.001 mass %, since it is difficult to sufficiently obtain the effect of improving the battery properties, such a content is not preferred. In contrast, if the content is higher than 5.0 mass %, since a higher effect is not obtained, such a content is useless, and also since the resistance is increased due to excessive film formation to lead to a risk of causing deterioration of the battery performance, such a content is not preferred. The above-described ionic compounds as the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be used alone or in any combination and at any ratio of two or more thereof, within a range not exceeding 5.0 mass % according to the application. 
     2-2. Solute 
     The type of the solute of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any electrolyte salt can be used. In a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a metal cation battery or a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a capacitor, the solute may be a salt having a metal cation or an onium cation as an ion source. For example, in case of a lithium ion battery, the solute may be a lithium salt as the ion source. In case of a sodium ion battery, the solute may be a sodium salt as the ion source. As the counter anion thereof, in view of the degree of dissociation in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, it is preferable to contain at least one selected from the group consisting of PF 6   − , BF 4   − , PF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   − , PF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) − , P(C 2 O 4 ) 3   − , BF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) − , B(C 2 O 4 ) 2   − , PO 2 F 2   − , N(POF 2 ) 2   − , N(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ) − , N(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) − , N(FSO 2 ) 2   − , N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2   − , N(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ) − , SO 3 F − , and N(FSO 2 )(FCO) − . In particular, in view of the energy density, output properties, durability performance, etc. as a battery, use of a combination of two or more thereof is preferred. 
     Examples of the solute in a lithium battery and a lithium ion battery include electrolyte salts, such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPO 2 F 2 , LiN(POF 2 ) 2 , LiN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), LiN(FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ), LiSO 3 F, LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 , LiB(CF 3 ) 4 , and LiBF 3 (C 2 F 5 ). 
     In addition, examples of the solute in a sodium ion battery include electrolyte salts, such as NaPF 6 , NaBF 4 , NaPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), NaP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , NaBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), NaB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , NaPO 2 F 2 , NaN(POF 2 ) 2, NaN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), NaN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), NaN(FSO 2 ) 2 , NaN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , NaN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , NaN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ), NaSO 3 F, NaN(FSO 2 )(FCO), NaClO 4 , NaAsF 6 , NaSbF 6 , NaCF 3 SO 3 , NaC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , NaPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 , NaB(CF 3 ) 4 , and NaBF 3 (C 2 F 5 ). 
     These solutes may be used alone or in any combination and at any ratio of two or more thereof according to the application. In particular, considering the energy density, output properties, life duration, etc. as a battery, preferred are LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPO 2 F 2 , LiN(POF 2 ) 2 , LiN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), LiN(FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ), LiSO 3 F, NaPF 6 , NaBF 4 , NaPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), NaP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , NaBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), NaB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , NaPO 2 F 2 , NaN(POF 2 ) 2 , NaN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), NaN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), NaN(FSO 2 ) 2 , NaN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , NaN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ), and NaSO 3 F. 
     A suitable combination of the solutes in a lithium battery and a lithium ion battery is preferably, for example, a combination of at least one selected from the group consisting of LiBF 4 , LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiP(C 2 O 4 ) 3 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPO 2 F 2 , LiN(POF 2 ) 2 , LiN(FSO 2 )(POF 2 ), LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), LiN(FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 )(FSO 2 ) and LiSO 3 F, with LiPF 6 . The ratio in the above combination (molar ratio when the LiPF 6  content is defined as 1 mole) is generally within a range of 1:0.001 to 1:0.5 and preferably 1:0.01 to 1:0.2. The use of such a combination of the solutes at the above-mentioned ratio provides an effect of further improving various battery properties. In contrast, when the ratio of LiPFE is lower than 1:0.5, the ionic conductance of the electrolyte solution decreases, and the resistance tends to increase. 
     The concentration of these solutes is not particularly limited, and the lower limit thereof is preferably 0.5 mol/L or more, more preferably 0.7 mol/L or more, and further preferably 0.9 mol/L or more, and the upper limit is preferably 2.5 mol/L or less, more preferably 2.0 mol/L or less, and further preferably 1.5 mol/L or less. When the concentration is less than 0.5 mol/L, the ionic conductance decreases, and thereby the cycle properties and output properties of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery tend to be reduced. In contrast, when the concentration is higher than 2.5 mol/L, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution increases, and thereby the ionic conductance likewise tends to be reduced, and the cycle properties and output properties of the non-aqueous-electrolyte solution battery may be reduced. 
     If a large amount of the above solute is dissolved at once in a non-aqueous solvent, the temperature of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be increased due to the heat of dissolution of the solute. When the solution temperature is significantly increased, the decomposition of the lithium salt containing a fluorine atom is accelerated, and hydrogen fluoride may be generated. Hydrogen fluoride becomes a cause of deterioration of the battery performance and is therefore not preferred. Accordingly, the solution temperature when the solute is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited but is preferably −20° C. to 80° C. and more preferably 0° C. to 60° C. 
     2-3. Non-Aqueous Solvent 
     The type of the non-aqueous solvent used in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any non-aqueous solvent can be used. Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include cyclic carbonates, such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; chain carbonates, such as diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate; cyclic esters, such as γ-butyrolactone and γ-valerolactone; chain esters, such as methyl acetate and methyl propionate; cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; chain ethers, such as dimethoxyethane and diethyl ether; and sulfone compounds and sulfoxide compounds, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane. In addition, for example, ionic liquids whose category differs from that of the non-aqueous solvent can be used. In addition, the non-aqueous solvents used in the present invention may be used alone or may be used in any combination and at any ratio of two or more thereof according to the application. Among these non-aqueous solvents, from the viewpoint of the electrochemical stability against their redox and the chemical stability related to the heat and the reaction with the solute, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are especially preferred. 
     For example, it is preferable to use a combination of one or more selected from cyclic carbonates having a high dielectric constant and one or more selected from chain carbonates or chain esters having a low liquid viscosity as the non-aqueous solvent, because such a combination increases the ionic conductance of the electrolyte solution. 
     2-4. Other Additives 
     The above is the description about the basic composition of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention. Any additives that have been generally used may be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention at any ratio within a range that does not impair the gist of the present invention. Examples of such additives include compounds that have overcharge prevention effect, negative electrode film-forming effect, and positive electrode protection effect, such as methylene methanedisulfonate, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid anhydride, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, succinonitrile, cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, t-butylbenzene, vinylethylene carbonate, difluoroanisole, and dimethylvinylene carbonate. 
     Further, a metal salt other than the above-mentioned solutes (lithium salts and sodium salts) may be used as an additive. Examples of the metal salt include carboxylic acid salts, such as lithium acrylate, sodium acrylate, lithium methacrylate, and sodium methacrylate; and sulfuric acid ester salts, such as lithium methyl sulfate, sodium methyl sulfate, lithium ethyl sulfate, and sodium ethyl sulfate. 
     In addition, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can also be used in a state which is quasi-solidified with a gelling agent or a cross-linking polymer as in case of being used in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery called a lithium polymer battery. 
     3. Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution Battery 
     The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery of the present invention at least includes (i) the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte solution, (ii) a positive electrode, and (iii) a negative electrode including at least one selected from the group consisting of negative electrode materials containing lithium metal and negative electrode materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium, sodium, potassium, or magnesium. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery preferably further includes, for example, (iv) a separator and an outer case. 
     Positive Electrode (ii) 
     The positive electrode (ii) preferably includes at least one oxide and/or a polyanion compound as the positive electrode active material. 
     Positive Electrode Active Material 
     In a lithium ion secondary battery in which the main cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is lithium, the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode (ii) may be any material that can be charged and discharged. Examples thereof include those containing at least one selected from (A) a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing at least one metal selected from nickel, manganese, and cobalt and having a layered structure, (B) a lithium-manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure, (C) a lithium-containing olivine type phosphate, and (D) a lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type structure. 
     (A) Lithium-Transition Metal Composite Oxide 
     Examples of the positive electrode active material (A): the lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing at least one metal selected from nickel, manganese, and cobalt and having a layered structure, include a lithium-cobalt composite oxide, a lithium-nickel composite oxide, a lithium-nickel-cobalt composite oxide, a lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide, a lithium-cobalt-manganese composite oxide, a lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide, and a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide. In addition, those obtained by substituting a part of the transition metal atoms that are the main components of these lithium-transition metal composite oxides with other elements, such as Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, Si, B, Ba, Y, and Sn, may be used. 
     As the lithium-cobalt composite oxide or the lithium-nickel composite oxide, specifically, for example, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , lithium cobaltate doped with different elements such as Mg, Zr, Al, or Ti (e.g., LiCo 0.98 Mg 0.01 Zr 0.01 O 2 , LiCo 0.98 Mg 0.01 Al 0.01 O 2 , or LiCo 0.975 Mg 0.01 Zr 0.005 Al 0.1 O 2 ), or lithium cobaltate with a rare earth compound fixed on the surface described in WO 2014/034043 may be used. As described in JP-A-2002-151077, LiCoO 2  particle powder having particle surfaces partially coated with aluminum oxide may be used. 
     The lithium-nickel-cobalt composite oxide and the lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide are represented by formula [1-1]: 
       Li a Ni 1-b-c CO b M 1   c O 2   [1-1]
 
     In formula [1-1], M 1  is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Mg, Zr, Ti, and B; a is 0.9≤a≤1.2; and b and c satisfy 0.1≤b≤0.3 and 0≤c≤0.1. 
     These composite oxides can be prepared in accordance with, for example, the manufacturing method described in JP-A-2009-137834. Specifically, examples of the composite oxides include LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.85 Co 0.01 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.87 Co 0.10 Al 0.03 O 2 , and LiNi 0.6 Co 0.3 Al 0.1 O 2 . 
     Examples of the lithium-cobalt-manganese composite oxide and the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide include LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2  and LiCo 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 . 
     Examples of the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide include lithium-containing composite oxides represented by formula [1-2]: 
       Li d Ni e Mn f Co g M 2   h O 2   [1-2]
 
     In formula [1-2], M 2  is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Mg, Zr, Ti, B, and Sn; d is 0.9≤d≤1.2; and e, f, g, and h satisfy e+f+g+h=1, 0≤e≤0.8, 0≤f≤0.5, 0≤g≤0.5, and h≥0. 
     The lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide preferably contains manganese within the range shown in formula [1-2] for increasing the structural stability and improving the safety of the lithium secondary battery at high temperature and more preferably further contains cobalt within the range shown in formula [1-2] for particularly increasing the high efficiency properties of the lithium ion secondary battery. 
     Specifically, examples of the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide include Li[Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 ]O 2 , Li[Ni 0.45 Mn 0.35 Co 0.2 ]O 2 , Li[Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 ]O 2 , Li[Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 ]O 2 , Li[Ni 0.49 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 Zr 0.01 ]O 2 , and Li[Ni 0.49 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 Mg 0.01 ]O 2 , which have a charge-discharge region of 4.3 V or more. 
     (B) Lithium-Manganese Composite Oxide Having Spinel Structure 
     Examples of the positive electrode active material (B): the lithium-manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure, include spinel lithium-manganese composite oxides represented by formula [1-3]: 
       Li j (Mn 2-k M 3   k )O 4   [1-3]
 
     In formula [1-3], M 3  is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, Cr, Cu, Al, and Ti; j is 1.05≤j≤1.15; and k is 0≤k≤0.20. Specifically, examples of thereof include LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMn 1.95 Al 0.05 O 4 , LiMn 1.9 Al 0.1 O 4 , LiMn 1.9 Ni 0.1 O 4 , and LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 . 
     (C) Lithium-Containing Olivine Type Phosphate Examples of the positive electrode active material (C): the lithium-containing olivine type phosphate, include those represented by formula [1-4]: 
       LiFe 1-n M 4   n PO 4   [1-4]
 
     In formula [1-4], M 4  is at least one selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mg, Al, Ti, W, Zr, and Cd; and n is 0≤n≤1. 
     Specifically, examples thereof include LiFePO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , and LiMnPO 4 , and in particular, LiFePO 4  and/or LiMnPO 4  is preferred. 
     (D) Lithium-Rich Layered Transition Metal Oxide 
     Examples of the positive electrode active material (D): the lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide having a layered rock salt type structure, include those represented by formula [1-5]: 
         x LiM 5 O 2 .(1− x )Li 2 M 6 O 3   [1-5]
 
     In formula [1-5], x is a number satisfying 0&lt;x&lt;1; M 5  is at least one metal element having an average oxidation number of +3; and M 6  is at least one metal element having an average oxidation number of +4. In formula [1-5], M 5  is preferably one trivalent metal element selected from Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V, and Cr and may be composed of equal amounts of divalent and tetravalent metals and having an average oxidation number of +3. 
     In addition, in formula [1-5], M 6  is preferably at least one metal element selected from Mn, Zr, and Ti. Specifically, they include 0.5[LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 ].0.5[Li 2 MnO 3 ], 0.5[LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ].0.5[Li 2 MnO 3 ], 0.5[LiNi 0.375 Co 0.25 Mn 0.375 O 2 ].0.5[Li 2 MnO 3 ], 0.5[LiNi 0.375 CO 0.125 Fe 0.125 Mn 0.375 O 2 ].0.5[Li 2 MnO 3 ], and 0.45 [LiNi 0.375 Co 0.25 Mn 0.375 O 2 ].0.10[Li 2 TiO 3 ].0.45 [Li 2 MnO 3 ]. 
     The positive electrode active material (D) represented by formula [1-5] is known to show a high capacity when charged at a high voltage of 4.4 V (based on Li) or more (for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,135,252). 
     These positive electrode active materials can be prepared in accordance with the manufacturing method described in, for example, JP-A-2008-270201, WO 2013/118661, or JP-A-2013-030284. 
     The positive electrode active material may include at least one selected from the above compounds (A) to (D) as the main component, and examples of other components include transition element chalcogenide, such as FeS 2 , TiS 2 , TiO 2 , V 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , and MoS 2 ; conductive polymers, such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole; activated carbon; polymers generating radicals; and carbon materials. 
     Positive Electrode Current Collector 
     The positive electrode (ii) includes a positive electrode current collector. As the positive electrode current collector, for example, aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, titanium, or an alloy thereof can be used. 
     Positive Electrode Active Material Layer 
     In the positive electrode (ii), for example, a positive electrode active material layer is formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer is composed of, for example, the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, a binder, and, as needed, a conductive agent. 
     Examples of the binder include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, acetate phthalate cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. 
     As the conductive agent, for example, carbon materials, such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, furnace black, carbon fiber, graphite (granular graphite and flaky graphite), and fluorinated graphite, can be used. In the positive electrode, acetylene black and Ketjen black having low crystallinity are preferred. 
     Negative Electrode (iii) 
     The negative electrode material is not particularly limited, and in a lithium battery and a lithium ion battery, for example, lithium metal, an alloy or an intermetallic compound of lithium metal and another metal, a variety of carbon materials (artificial graphite, natural graphite, etc.), a metal oxide, a metal nitride, tin (simple substance), a tin compound, silicon (simple substance), a silicon compound, activated carbon, and a conductive polymer are used. 
     The carbon materials are, for example, easily graphitizable carbon, hardly graphitizable carbon (hard carbon) having an interplanar distance between the (200) planes of 0.37 nm or more, and graphite having an interplanar distance between the (002) planes of 0.34 nm or less. More specifically, the carbon materials are, for example, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbon fibers, organic polymer compound fired products, activated carbon, and carbon blacks. Among these materials, the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke, and petroleum coke. The organic polymer compound fired product is a product obtained by firing and carbonizing, for example, a phenolic resin or a furan resin at an appropriate temperature. Since the carbon materials hardly change the crystal structure by occlusion and release of lithium, a high energy density and also excellent cycle properties are preferably obtained. Incidentally, the shape of the carbon material may be any of fibrous, spherical, granular, and flaky shapes. In addition, amorphous carbon and a graphite material having a surface coated with amorphous carbon are more preferable because the reactivity between the material surface and the electrolyte solution is lowered. 
     The negative electrode (iii) preferably includes at least one negative electrode active material. 
     Negative Electrode Active Material 
     In case of a lithium ion secondary battery in which the main cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is lithium, the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode (iii) is a material that can dope and dedope lithium ions, and examples thereof include those containing at least one selected from (E) carbon materials having a lattice plane ((002) plane) d value of 0.340 nm or less determined by X-ray diffraction; (F) carbon materials having a lattice plane ((002) plane) d value of higher than 0.340 nm determined by X-ray diffraction; (G) oxides of one or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al; (H) one or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al, alloys containing these metals, or alloys of these metals or alloys with lithium; and (I) lithium titanium oxides. These negative electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. 
     (E) Carbon Material Having a Lattice Plane ((002) Plane) d Value of 0.340 nm or Less Determined by X-Ray Diffraction 
     Examples of the negative electrode active material (E): the carbon material having a lattice plane ((002) plane) d value of 0.340 nm or less determined by X-ray diffraction, include pyrolytic carbons, cokes (such as pitch coke, needle coke, and petroleum coke), graphites, organic polymer compound fired products (such as products obtained by firing and carbonizing, for example, a phenolic resin or a furan resin at an appropriate temperature), carbon fibers, and activated carbon; and those obtained by graphitization thereof. The carbon material is one having an interplanar distance between the (002) planes (d002) of 0.340 nm or less measured by an X-ray diffraction method, and especially the carbon material is preferably graphite having a true density of 1.70 g/cm 3  or more or a highly crystalline carbon material having properties similar to those of the graphite. 
     (F) Carbon Material Having a Lattice Plane ((002) Plane) d Value of Higher than 0.340 Nm Determined by X-Ray Diffraction 
     Examples of the negative electrode active material (F): the carbon material having a lattice plane ((002) plane) d value of higher than 0.340 nm determined by X-ray diffraction, include amorphous carbon, which is a carbon material hardly changing the stacking order even when heat-treated at a high temperature of 2000° C. or more. Examples thereof include hardly graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), meso-carbon microbeads (MCMB) fired at 1500° C. or less, and meso-phase pitch carbon fibers (MCF). 
     (G) Oxide of One or More Metals Selected from Si, Sn, and Al 
     Examples of the negative electrode active material (G): the oxide of one or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al, include oxides that can dope and dedope lithium ions, such as silicon oxide and tin oxide. 
     For example, SiO x  having a structure in which ultrafine particles of Si are dispersed in SiO 2  is known. If this material is used as the negative electrode active material, since Si reacting with Li is in an ultrafine particle form, charge and discharge are smoothly performed. On the other hand, the surface area of the SiO x  particle itself having the above structure is small. Therefore, when it is used as a composition (paste) for forming a negative electrode active material layer, the coating properties and the adhesive properties thereof to the current collector are satisfactory. 
     Incidentally, since SiO x  significantly changes the volume by charge and discharge, both an increase in the capacity and good charge and discharge cycle properties can be achieved by using SiO together with the above-described graphite as the negative electrode active material (E) at a specific ratio as the negative electrode active material. 
     (H) One or More Metals Selected from Si, Sn, and Al, Alloys Containing these Metals, or Alloys of these Metals or Alloys with Lithium 
     Examples of the negative electrode active material (H): one or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al, alloys containing these metals, or alloys of these metals or alloys with lithium, include metals, such as silicon, tin, and aluminum, silicon alloys, tin alloys, and aluminum alloys, and materials obtained from these metals and alloys by alloying with lithium by charge and discharge can also be used. 
     Preferred examples include those described in, for example, WO 2004/100293 or JP-A-2008-016424, e.g., metal simple substances, such as silicon (Si) and tin (Sn), (for example, in powder form); the metal alloys; compounds containing the metals; and alloys containing the metals and tin (Sn) and cobalt (Co). The use of such a metal in the electrode can realize a high charge capacity and causes relatively small expansion and contraction of the volume associated with charge and discharge and is therefore preferred. In addition, it is known that when these metals are used in the negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery, the metals are alloyed with Li during charging to show a high charge capacity, and the use of such a metal is also preferred on this point. 
     Furthermore, for example, a negative electrode active material formed of submicron-diameter pillars of silicon or a negative electrode active material formed of fibers of silicon described in, for example, WO 2004/042851 or WO 2007/083155 may be used. 
     (I) Lithium Titanium Oxide 
     Examples of the negative electrode active material (I): the lithium titanium oxide, include lithium titanate having a spinel structure and lithium titanate having a ramsdellite structure. 
     Examples of the lithium titanate having a spinel structure include Li 4+a Ti 5 O 12  (α changes within a range of 0≤α≤3 according to the charge and discharge reaction). Examples of the lithium titanate having a ramsdellite structure include Li 2+β Ti 3 O 7  (β changes within a range of 0≤β≤3 according to the charge and discharge reaction). These negative electrode active materials can be prepared in accordance with the manufacturing method described in, for example, JP-A-2007-018883 or 2009-176752. 
     For example, in case of a sodium ion secondary battery in which the main cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is sodium, as the negative electrode active material, hard carbon or an oxide, such as TiO 2 , V 2 O 5 , or MoO 3 , is used. For example, in case of a sodium ion secondary battery in which the main cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is sodium, as the positive electrode active material, a sodium-containing transition metal composite oxide, such as NaFeO 2 , NaCrO 2 , NaNiO 2 , NaMnO 2 , or NaCoO 2 ; those in which the transition metals, such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Co, of the sodium-containing transition metal composite oxides are mixtures thereof; those in which the transition metals of the sodium-containing transition metal composite oxides are partially substituted by metals other than transition metals; a phosphate compound of a transition metal, such as Na 2 FeP 2 O 7  or NaCo 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 ; a sulfide such as TiS 2  or FeS 2 ; a conductive polymer such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, or polypyrrole; activated carbon; a polymer generating radicals; or a carbon material is used. 
     Negative Electrode Current Collector 
     The negative electrode (iii) includes a negative electrode current collector. As the negative electrode current collector, for example, copper, stainless steel, nickel, or titanium, or an alloy thereof can be used. 
     Negative Electrode Active Material Layer 
     In the negative electrode (iii), for example, a negative electrode active material layer is formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer is composed of, for example, the above-mentioned negative electrode active material, a binder, and, as needed, a conductive agent. 
     Examples of the binder include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, acetate phthalate cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. 
     As the conductive agent, for example, carbon materials, such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, furnace black, carbon fiber, graphite (granular graphite and flaky graphite), and fluorinated graphite, can be used. 
     Method for Manufacturing Electrodes (Positive Electrode (ii) and Negative Electrode (iii)) 
     An electrode can be obtained by, for example, dispersing and kneading an active material, a binder, and, as needed, a conductive agent at predetermined amounts in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or water, applying the resultant paste to a current collector, and drying it to form an active material layer. The resultant electrode is preferably compressed by a method such as roll pressing to adjust the density of the electrode to an appropriate level. 
     Separator (iv) 
     The above non-aqueous-electrolyte solution battery can include a separator (iv). As a separator for preventing contact between the positive electrode (ii) and the negative electrode (iii), a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, cellulose, paper, a non-woven fabric made of, for example, glass fibers, or a porous sheet is used. These films are preferably microporous so that the electrolyte solution can permeate, and ions can easily pass therethrough. 
     An example of the polyolefin separator is a microporous polymer film, such as a porous polyolefin film, that electrically insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other and allows lithium ions to pass therethrough. Specifically, as the porous polyolefin film, for example, a porous polyethylene film may be used alone, or a multilayer film in which a porous polyethylene film and a porous polypropylene film are stacked may be used. In addition, a composite film of porous polyethylene film and polypropylene film is another example. 
     Outer Case 
     In constructing a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery, as the outer case of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery, for example, a metal can in, for example, a coin, cylinder, or square shape or a laminated outer case can be used. Examples of the material of the metal can include nickel-plated steel, stainless steel, nickel-plated stainless steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, nickel, and titanium. 
     As the laminated outer case, for example, an aluminum laminate film, an SUS laminate film, or a laminate film of a silica-coated, for example, polypropylene or polyethylene can be used. 
     The structure of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, the structure can be such that an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are disposed opposite each other and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution are contained in an outer case. The shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery is not particularly limited. An electrochemical device having a shape such as a coin, cylinder, or square shape, or an aluminum laminate sheet type is assembled from the above-mentioned elements. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present invention will now be specifically described by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples. 
     Lithium Ion Battery 
     Example 1-1 
     Preparation of Electrolyte Solution 
     Non-aqueous electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 was prepared by using a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 2.5:3:4.5 as a non-aqueous solvent and dissolving LiPF 6  as a solute and a Li salt of Anion (1) as the above ionic compound in the solvent such that the concentration of LiPF 6  was 1.0 mol/L and that the concentration of the Li salt (the content of Cl and the content of hydrofluoric acid in the ionic compound as a raw material before being dissolved in the electrolyte solution were 70 mass ppm and 120 mass ppm, respectively) was 1.0 mass % based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent, the solute, and the ionic compound. The above preparation was performed while maintaining the solution temperature within a range of 20° C. to 30° C. The conditions for preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte solution are shown in Table 1. 
     Production of Battery 
     A battery was produced by using the above electrolyte solution, LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2  as the positive electrode material, and graphite as the negative electrode material, and the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties of the battery were actually evaluated. The battery for the test was produced as follows. 
     A LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2  powder (90 mass %) was mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as “PVDF”, 5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, and N-methylpyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as “NMP”) was further added to the mixture to make a paste. This paste was applied onto aluminum foil and was dried to form a positive electrode body for a test. 
     On the other hand, a graphite powder (90 mass %) was mixed with PVDF (10 mass %) as a binder, and NMP was further added to the resultant mixture to form a slurry. The slurry was applied onto copper foil and was dried at 120° C. for 12 hours to form a negative electrode body for a test. 
     A polyethylene separator was impregnated with the electrolyte solution, so as to assemble a 50 mAh battery with an aluminum laminated outer case. 
     High-Temperature Cycle Property Test (High-Temperature Durability) 
     A charge and discharge test at an environmental temperature of 55° C. was performed, and the cycle properties were evaluated. The battery was charged to 4.3 V and discharged until 3.0 V, and a charge and discharge cycle was repeated at a current density of 5.7 mA/cm 2 . The degree of degradation of the battery after 300 cycles was evaluated based on the discharge capacity retention rate. The discharge capacity retention rate was determined by the following expression. 
     Discharge Capacity Retention Rate after 300 Cycles: 
       Discharge capacity retention rate (%)=[(discharge capacity after 300 cycles)/(initial discharge capacity)]×100.
 
     Low-Temperature Output Property Test (Low-Temperature Properties) 
     Charge and discharge were performed at a current density of 0.38 mA/cm 2  up to a charge voltage upper limit of 4.3 V in an environmental temperature of 25° C. by a constant current/constant voltage method. The discharge capacity at this time was defined as discharge capacity A. Subsequently, the battery was charged at a current density of 0.38 mA/cm 2  in an environmental temperature of −20° C. up to the charge voltage upper limit of 4.3 V by a constant current/constant voltage method and was then discharged at a constant current density of 9.5 mA/cm 2  until a discharge termination voltage of 3.0 V. The discharge capacity at this time was defined as discharge capacity B. The value determined from “[(discharge capacity B)/(discharge capacity A)]×100” was defined as high-output capacity retention rate (%), and the low-temperature output properties of the battery were evaluated. 
     The results of evaluation of batteries are shown in Table 2 and  FIG. 1 . Incidentally, the values of the discharge capacity retention rates after cycles and the high-output capacity retention rates of the batteries shown in Table 2 are relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate after cycles and the high-output capacity retention rate of a laminated battery produced using Electrolyte solution No. (0) described below were each defined as 100. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                   
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Conc. 
                 Solute 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Electrolyte 
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 [mass 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 [mass 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Li (1)-1 
                 (1) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (2)-1 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (3)-1 
                 (3) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (4)-1 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (5)-1 
                 (5) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (6)-1 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (7)-1 
                 (7) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (8)-1 
                 (8) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (9)-1 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (10)-1 
                 (10)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (11)-1 
                 (11)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (12)-1 
                 (12)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (13)-1 
                 (13)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (14)-1 
                 (14)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (15)-1 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (16)-1 
                 (16)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0) 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (17)-1 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Li (18)-1 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1-1 
                 Li (1)-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 111 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 1-2 
                 Li (2)-1 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 115 
                 110 
               
               
                 Example 1-3 
                 Li (3)-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 1-4 
                 Li (4)-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 125 
               
               
                 Example 1-5 
                 Li (5)-1 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 114 
               
               
                 Example 1-6 
                 Li (6)-1 
                   
                   
                 118 
                 110 
               
               
                 Example 1-7 
                 Li (7)-1 
                   
                   
                 116 
                 110 
               
               
                 Example 1-8 
                 Li (8)-1 
                   
                   
                 113 
                 113 
               
               
                 Example 1-9 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                   
                 120 
                 113 
               
               
                 Example 1-10 
                 Li (10)-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 114 
               
               
                 Example 1-11 
                 Li (11)-1 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 1-12 
                 Li (12)-1 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 106 
               
               
                 Example 1-13 
                 Li (13)-1 
                   
                   
                 115 
                 115 
               
               
                 Example 1-14 
                 Li (14)-1 
                   
                   
                 116 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 1-15 
                 Li (15)-1 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 113 
               
               
                 Example 1-16 
                 Li (16)-1 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 112 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 93 
               
               
                 Example 1-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 113 
                 102 
               
               
                 Example 1-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 1-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Relative value when the result of evaluation of Electrolyte solution No. (0) was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples 1-2 to 1-16 and Comparative Examples 0 and 1-1 to 1-3 
     Electrolyte solutions were each prepared by the same procedure as that in Electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 except that the type of the anion of the ionic compound was changed as shown in Table 1. Incidentally, for the ionic compounds used in the subsequent examples, the contents of Cl were all 200 mass ppm or less, and the contents of hydrofluoric acid were all 450 mass ppm or less. 
     Electrolyte solution No. (0) was prepared by the same procedure as that in electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 except that the ionic compound of the present invention was not added thereto. 
     Electrolyte solution No. (0)-VC-1 was prepared by the same procedure as that in Electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 except that the ionic compound of the present invention was not added thereto and vinylene carbonate (hereinafter, referred to as “VC”) was added instead. 
     Electrolyte solution No. Li(17)-1 and Electrolyte solution No. Li(18)-1 were prepared by the same procedure as that in Electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 except that the ionic compound of the present invention was not added thereto and Li salts represented by the following formulae (17) and (18), which are ionic compounds having the structures that do not come under formula [1], were added instead. 
     The resultant electrolyte solutions were evaluated as in Example 1-1. The results of the evaluation are shown in Table 2 and  FIG. 1 . 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The comparison of the results above demonstrates: 
     for Examples 1-1 to 1-16 using electrolyte solutions containing the ionic compound of the present invention, the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties were both improved as compared with Comparative Example 1-1 using an electrolyte solution not containing the ionic compound but instead containing VC as disclosed in Patent Document 1; 
     for Examples 1-1 to 1-16, the high-temperature cycle properties were equal to or greater than those in Comparative Example 1-2 using an electrolyte solution not containing the ionic compound but instead containing the ionic compound (Li salt of formula (17)) as disclosed in Example 4 of Patent Document 2, and the low-temperature output properties were improved; and 
     for Examples 1-1 to 1-16, the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties were both improved as compared with Comparative Example 1-3 using an electrolyte solution not containing the ionic compound but instead containing an ionic compound (Li salt of formula (18)) as disclosed in Example 15 of Patent Document 2. 
     Accordingly, it was confirmed that the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner by using an electrolyte solution containing the ionic compound of the present invention. 
     Further, for Examples 1-1 to 1-16, it was confirmed that the low-temperature properties are improved with an increase in the total number of P—F bonds and S—F bonds of the ionic compound added to the electrolyte solution. That is, the effect of improving the low-temperature properties was the highest in Example 1-4 using electrolyte solution No. Li(4)-1 containing the ionic compound having a total of four bonds. 
     The effect was high in the following order: in Examples 1-5, 1-8 to 1-10, and 1-13 to 1-16 using Electrolyte solution Nos. Li(5)-1, Li(8)-1, Li(9)-1, Li(10)-1, Li(13)-1, Li(14)-1, Li(15)-1, and Li(16)-1, respectively, containing ionic compounds each having a total of three bonds; in Examples 1-1 to 1-3, 1-6, and 1-7 using Electrolyte solution Nos. Li(1)-1, Li(2)-1, Li(3)-1, Li(6)-1, and Li(7)-1, respectively, containing ionic compounds each having a total of two bonds; and in Examples 1-11 and 1-12 using Electrolyte solution Nos. Li(11)-1 and Li(12)-1, respectively, containing ionic compounds each having a total of one bond. 
     Examples and Comparative Examples Using Electrolyte Solutions Having Variously Modified Compositions (1) 
     Electrolyte solutions were each prepared by the same procedure as that in Electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 except that the type and the concentration of the ionic compounds and the types and the concentrations of other solutes and additives were variously changed as shown in Tables 3 to 8 and  FIGS. 2 to 4 . The resultant electrolyte solutions were evaluated as in Example 1-1. 
     It was confirmed that also for the respective Examples, similarly, the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner by using the electrolyte solution containing the ionic compounds of the present invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                   
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Conc. 
                 Solute 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Electrolyte 
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 [mass 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 [mass 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 H (1)-0.1 
                  (1) 
                 H+ 
                 0.1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 H (8)-0.1 
                  (8) 
                 H+ 
                 0.1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 H (10)-0.1 
                 (10) 
                 H+ 
                 0.1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0) 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 H (17)-0.1 
                 (17) 
                 H+ 
                 0.1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 H (18)-0.1 
                 (18) 
                 H+ 
                 0.1 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 2-1 
                 H (1)-0.1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 107 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 2-2 
                 H (8)-0.1 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 110 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 2-3 
                 H (10)-0.1 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 107 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 97 
               
               
                 Example 2-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 H (17)-0.1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 2-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 H (18)-0.1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 2-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Relative value when the result of evaluation of Electrolyte solution No. (0) was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                   
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Conc. 
                 Solute 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Electrolyte 
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 [mass 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 [mass 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 H (2)-0.2 
                  (2) 
                 H+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 H (4)-0.2 
                  (4) 
                 H+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Et4P (7)-0.2 
                  (7) 
                 Et 4 P+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0) 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 H (17)-0.2 
                 (17) 
                 H+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 H (18)-0.2 
                 (18) 
                 H+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Et4P (17)-0.2 
                 (17) 
                 Et 4 P+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Et4P (18)-0.2 
                 (18) 
                 Et 4 P+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 3-1 
                 H (2)-0.2 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 107 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 3-2 
                 H (4)-0.2 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 109 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 3-3 
                 Et4P (7)-0.2 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 107 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.2 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 96 
               
               
                 Example 3-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 H (17)-0.2 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 3-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 H (18)-0.2 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 3-3 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Et4P (17)-0.2 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 3-4 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Et4P (18)-0.2 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 3-5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Relative value when the result of evaluation of Electrolyte solution No. (0) was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                   
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Conc. 
                 Solute 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Electrolyte 
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 [mass 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 [mass 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Et4N (5)-0.5 
                  (5) 
                 Et 4 N+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0) 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Et4N (17)-0.5 
                 (17) 
                 Et 4 N+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Et4N (18)-0.5 
                 (18) 
                 Et 4 N+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 4-1 
                 Et4N (5)-0.5 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 107 
                 111 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 94 
               
               
                 Example 4-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Et4N (17)-0.5 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 101 
               
               
                 Example 4-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Et4N (18)-0.5 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 4-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Relative value when the result of evaluation of Electrolyte solution No. (0) was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples and Comparative Examples Using Electrolyte Solutions Having Variously Modified Compositions (2) 
     Electrolyte solutions were each prepared by the same procedure as that in Electrolyte solution No. Li(1)-1 except that the types and the concentrations of the ionic compounds, the types and the concentrations of other solutes and additives, and the concentration of LiPF 6  were variously changed as shown in Tables 9 to 22. The resultant electrolyte solutions were evaluated as in Example 1-1. 
     It was confirmed that also for each of Examples, similarly, the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner by using the electrolyte solution containing the ionic compound of the present invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                  (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                  (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                  (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                  (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 (15) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-VC-0.05 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 1, 0.05 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                  (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.01-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                  (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.001-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                  (2) 
                 Li+ 
                  0.001 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.05 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.05 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.01 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.01 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.01-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.01-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.001 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                  1, 0.001 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.001-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                  0.001 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.001-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                  0.001 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                  (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.01-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                  (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.001-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                  (4) 
                 Li+ 
                  0.001 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-VC-0.05 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.05 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-VC-0.01 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.01 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.01-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.01-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-VC-0.001 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                  1, 0.001 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.001-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 (17) 
                 Li+ 
                  0.001 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.001-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 (18) 
                 Li+ 
                  0.001 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPO2F2-1-VC-0.5-[1.1] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , VC 
                 1, 0.5  
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1.1 
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiSO3F-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiSO3F-1-VC-0.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F, VC 
                 1, 0.2  
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiSO 3 F 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 0.8 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 3 
               
               
                 [0.8] 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 0.8 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 3 
               
               
                 [0.8] 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-[0.8] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 0.8 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 3 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-VC-0.02- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 0.8 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , VC 
                 3, 0.02 
               
               
                 [0.8] 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 0.8 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 3 
               
               
                 [0.8] 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 0.8 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 3 
               
               
                 [0.8] 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-VC- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), VC 
                 1, 0.02 
               
               
                 0.02 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.01- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.01- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.01- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
               
               
                 (0)- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
               
               
                 (0)- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.01 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1-VC-0.01 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.01- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.01- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)) 
                 1 
               
               
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-1.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-VC-1 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 (0)-PS-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 (0)-PS-0.5-VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS, VC 
                 0.5, 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 PS 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-DTDO-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-DTDO-1-VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO, VC 
                   1, 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 DTDO 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 (0)-V4Si-0.2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 (0)-V4Si-0.2-VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si, VC 
                 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 V4Si 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-FEC-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-FEC-1 -VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC, VC 
                   1, 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-FEC-1 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 )2, 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 )2, 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1, 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 0.02 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , 
                 0.2, 1 
               
               
                 0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.52-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.52, 1  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2   
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.52-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.52, 1  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(0x)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.52-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.52, 1  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-VC-0.5- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, 
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.55-LiPO2F2-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.55, 1  
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.05-VC-0.5- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, 
                 1, 0.5, 
               
               
                 VC-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , VC 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiPO 2 F 2   
                 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 , 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 
               
               
                 0.2-VC-0.05 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , VC 
                 0.05 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2,   
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5, 
               
               
                 0.5-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , VC 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 3, 0.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1, 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , VC 
                 0.02 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2   
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)-0.2- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.5 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5 
               
               
                 VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1, 
               
               
                 2-V4Si-0.1-VC-0.05 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si, VC 
                 0.05 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.05 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 4 , LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                 0.2, 0.5, 2, 0.1 
               
               
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP, 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2, 
               
               
                 VC-0.2 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.2 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBOB, LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , BP 
                 1, 1, 0.5, 2 
               
               
                 0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5, 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB, VC 
                 0.02 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1.5, 1, 0.1, 1.5 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.1-CHB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , CHB 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1, 0.02 
               
               
                 0.1-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si, VC 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), LiN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                 1, 1, 0.1 
               
               
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 V4Si 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB, VC 
                 1.5, 0.02 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.02 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.2, 
               
               
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiSO 3 F, LiPO 2 F 2 , TBB 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Li (2)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (2) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 Li (4)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (4) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 Li (6)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (6) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 Li (9)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (9) 
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 Li (15)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                 (15)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1-LiPO2F2- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 
               
               
                 0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1-VC-0.01 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC, VC 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 Li (17)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)- 
                 (17)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                 Li (18)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)- 
                 (18)  
                 Li+ 
                 0.01 
                 LiPF 6   
                 1 
                 LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), 
                 1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 
               
               
                 1-LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 LiPO 2 F 2 , DTDO, FEC 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 5-1 
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 105 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 5-2 
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 106 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 5-3 
                 Li (6)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 5-4 
                 Li (9)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 5-5 
                 Li (15)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 107 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 5-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-VC-0.05 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 5-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 5-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 5-3 
               
               
                 Example 6-1 
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 6-2 
                 Li (2)-0.01-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 6-3 
                 Li (2)-0.001-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 102 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.05 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 98 
               
               
                 Example 6-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-3 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.01 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-4 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.01-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.01-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-6 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.001 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 6-7 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.001-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-8 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.001-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 6-9 
               
               
                 Example 7-1 
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 7-2 
                 Li (4)-0.01-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 7-3 
                 Li (4)-0.001-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-VC-0.05 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 98 
               
               
                 Example 7-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-3 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-VC-0.01 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-4 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.01-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.01-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-6 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-VC-0.001 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-7 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.001-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-8 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.001-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 7-9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 5-1 to 5-5 and Comparative Examples 5-1 to 5-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 5-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 6-1 to 6-3 and Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-9, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 6-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 7-1 to 7-3 and Comparative Examples 7-1 to 7-9, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 7-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 8-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 112 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 8-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 112 
                 117 
               
               
                 Example 8-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 113 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 8-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 8-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 111 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 8-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPO2F2-1-VC-0.5-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 91 
               
               
                 Example 8-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 101 
               
               
                 Example 8-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 8-3 
               
               
                 Example 9-1 
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 9-2 
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 115 
               
               
                 Example 9-3 
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 111 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiSO3F-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 9-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiSO3F-1-VC-0.2 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 93 
               
               
                 Example 9-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 101 
               
               
                 Example 9-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiSO3F-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 9-3 
               
               
                 Example 10-1 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3-[0.8] 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 106 
               
               
                 Example 10-2 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3-[0.8] 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-[0.8] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 10-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-VC-0.02-[0.8] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 10-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3-[0.8] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 10-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)2-3-[0.8] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 10-3 
               
               
                 Example 11-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 106 
               
               
                 Example 11-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 106 
               
               
                 Example 11-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 11-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 11-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 103 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 11-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 11-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 11-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 11-3 
               
               
                 Example 12-1 
                 Li (2)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 12-2 
                 Li (4)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 12-3 
                 Li (15)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 103 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 12-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1-VC-0.01 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 12-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 12-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.01-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 12-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 8-1 to 8-5 and Comparative Examples 8-1 to 8-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 8-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 9-1 to 9-3 and Comparative Examples 9-1 to 9-3, the values are each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 9-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 10-1 and 10-2 and Comparative Examples 10-1 to 10-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 10-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 11-1 to 11-5 and Comparative Examples 11-1 to 11-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 11-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 12-1 to 12-3 and Comparative Examples 12-1 to 12-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 12-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 13-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-VC-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 108 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 13-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-VC-1 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 110 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 13-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 13-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 13-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 109 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 13-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1.5 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 92 
               
               
                 Example 13-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 101 
               
               
                 Example 13-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 13-3 
               
               
                 Example 14-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 14-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 14-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 14-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 14-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 107 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 14-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-PS-0.5-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 93 
               
               
                 Example 14-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 14-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-PS-0.5 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 14-3 
               
               
                 Example 15-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 15-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 110 
               
               
                 Example 15-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 15-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 15-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 107 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 15-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-DTDO-1-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 95 
               
               
                 Example 15-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 101 
               
               
                 Example 15-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-DTDO-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 15-3 
               
               
                 Example 16-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 16-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 115 
               
               
                 Example 16-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 16-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 16-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 107 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 16-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-V4Si-0.2-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 90 
               
               
                 Example 16-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 16-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-V4Si-0.2 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 16-3 
               
               
                 Example 17-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 17-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 110 
               
               
                 Example 17-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 17-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 17-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 108 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 17-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-FEC-1-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 94 
               
               
                 Example 17-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 101 
               
               
                 Example 17-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 17-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 13-1 to 13-5 and Comparative Examples 13-1 to 13-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 13-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 14-1 to 14-5 and Comparative Examples 14-1 to 14-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 14-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 15-1 to 15-5 and Comparative Examples 15-1 to 15-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 15-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 16-1 to 16-5 and Comparative Examples 16-1 to 16-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 16-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 17-1 to 17-5 and Comparative Examples 17-1 to 17-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 17-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte 
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 18-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2   
                 Graphite 
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 18-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                   
                 106 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 18-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 18-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                 Example 18-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 18-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1-VC-0.02 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 18-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 18-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF2(Ox)2-0.2-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 18-3 
               
               
                 Example 19-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 106 
               
               
                 Example 19-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 19-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 19-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 19-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 19-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.52-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 19-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 19-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 19-3 
               
               
                 Example 20-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 20-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 20-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                 Example 20-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                 Example 20-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 102 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 20-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.52-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 20-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 20-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiPF4(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 20-3 
               
               
                 Example 21-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 21-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 21-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                 Example 21-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                 Example 21-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 21-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.52-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 21-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 21-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-VC-0.5-LiBF2(Ox)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 21-3 
               
               
                 Example 22-1 
                 Li (2)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 107 
               
               
                 Example 22-2 
                 Li (4)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 22-3 
                 Li (6)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                 Example 22-4 
                 Li (9)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 105 
               
               
                 Example 22-5 
                 Li (15)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.5-LiP02F2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 22-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.55-LiP02F2-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 98 
               
               
                 Example 22-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 22-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.05-VC-0.5-LiPO2F2-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 22-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 18-1 to 18-5 and Comparative Examples 18-1 to 18-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 18-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 19-1 to 19-5 and Comparative Examples 19-1 to 19-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 19-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 20-1 to 20-5 and Comparative Examples 20-1 to 20-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 20-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 21-1 to 21-5 and Comparative Examples 21-1 to 21-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 21-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 22-1 to 22-5 and Comparative Examples 22-1 to 22-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 22-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 23-1 
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                 Graphite 
                 110 
                 111 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 23-2 
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 112 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 23-3 
                 Li (6)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 23-4 
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 109 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 23-5 
                 Li (15)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 23-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 96 
               
               
                 Example 23-1 
                 VC-0.2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 23-2 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiBOB-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 23-3 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 24-1 
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Example 24-2 
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Example 24-3 
                 Li (6)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Example 24-4 
                 Li (9)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Example 24-5 
                 Li (15)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 109 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiPO2F2- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 24-0 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiPO2F2- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 24-1 
                 0.2-VC-0.05 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 24-2 
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 24-3 
                 LiPO2F2-0.2 
               
               
                 Example 25-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 112 
                 113 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 25-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 113 
                 114 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 25-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 111 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 25-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 112 
                 109 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 25-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 113 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 25-0 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 93 
               
               
                 Example 25-1 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 25-2 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 25-3 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 26-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 26-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 26-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 26-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 26-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 26-0 
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 26-1 
                 LiPO2F2-0.1-VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 26-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 26-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 23-1 to 23-5 and Comparative Examples 23-1 to 23-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 23-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 24-1 to 24-5 and Comparative Examples 24-1 to 24-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 24-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 25-1 to 25-5 and Comparative Examples 25-1 to 25-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 25-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 26-1 to 26-5 and Comparative Examples 26-1 to 26-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 26-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 27-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                 Graphite 
                 109 
                 108 
               
               
                   
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 27-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 113 
               
               
                   
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 27-3 
                 Li (6)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 27-4 
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 27-5 
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 109 
               
               
                   
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 27-0 
                 0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF2(Ox)2-1-LiPF4(Ox)- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 96 
               
               
                 Example 27-1 
                 0.2-VC-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 27-2 
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiPF2(Ox)2-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 27-3 
                 LiPF4(Ox)-0.2-VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 28-1 
                 Li (2)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 28-2 
                 Li (4)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 28-3 
                 Li (6)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 28-4 
                 Li (9)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 28-5 
                 Li (15)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiBF2(Ox)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2- 
               
               
                   
                 V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 28-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF4-0.2-LiBF2(Ox)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 28-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)2-2-V4Si-0.1-VC-0.05 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 28-2 
                 LiBF2(Ox)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2- 
               
               
                   
                 V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.05-LiBF4-0.2- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 28-3 
                 LiBF2(Ox)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-2- 
               
               
                   
                 V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 29-1 
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Example 29-2 
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Example 29-3 
                 Li (6)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Example 29-4 
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Example 29-5 
                 Li (15)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 29-0 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 96 
               
               
                 Example 29-1 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2-VC-0.2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 29-2 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiSO3F-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 29-3 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5-BP-2 
               
               
                 Example 30-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 30-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 30-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 30-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 30-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 30-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 30-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5-VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 30-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 30-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 27-1 to 27-5 and Comparative Examples 27-1 to 27-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 27-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 28-1 to 28-5 and Comparative Examples 28-1 to 28-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 28-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 29-1 to 29-5 and Comparative Examples 29-1 to 29-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 29-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 30-1 to 30-5 and Comparative Examples 30-1 to 30-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 30-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 31-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                 Graphite 
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 31-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 31-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 31-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 31-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 31-0 
                 1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 31-1 
                 1-V4Si-0.1-VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 31-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 31-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 32-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiSO3F-0.2-UPO2F2-0.2-T BB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 32-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 Li SO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 32-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiSO3F-0.2-UPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 32-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiSO3F-0.2-UPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 32-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiSO3F-0.2-UPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 32-0 
                 LiSO3F-0.2-UPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 32-1 
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiP02F2-0.2-TBB-1.5- 
               
               
                   
                 VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 32-2 
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiSO3F-0.2-LiPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 32-3 
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiSO3F-0.2-UPO2F2-0.2-TBB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 33-1 
                 Li (2)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Example 33-2 
                 Li (4)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Example 33-3 
                 Li (6)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Example 33-4 
                 Li (9)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Example 33-5 
                 Li (15)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 33-0 
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 33-1 
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1-VC- 
               
               
                   
                 0.01 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 33-2 
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.01- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 33-3 
                 LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)-1- 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.2-DTDO-0.5-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 31-1 to 31-5 and Comparative Examples 31-1 to 31-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 31-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 32-1 to 32-5 and Comparative Examples 32-1 to 32-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 32-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 33-1 to 33-5 and Comparative Examples 33-1 to 33-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 33-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Incidentally, in the tables, “LiPF2(Ox)2” means LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , “LiPF4 (Ox)” means LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), “LiBF 2 (Ox)” means LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ), “LiBOB” means LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , “LiN(FSO2)(POFpropynyloxy)” means LiN(FSO 2 )(POF(OCH 2 C≡CH)), “FEC” means fluoroethylene carbonate, “PS” means 1,3-propanesultone, “DTDO” means 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide, “V4Si” means tetravinylsilane, “TBB” means t-butylbenzene, “BP” means biphenyl, and “CHB” means cyclohexylbenzene. 
     Examples and Comparative Examples Having Variously Modified Negative Electrode Bodies 
     Batteries having the structures in which the electrolyte solutions and the negative electrode bodies were variously modified as shown in Tables 23 to 25 were produced and were evaluated as described above. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 23 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 34-1 
                 Li (1)-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                 Li 4 Ti 5 O 12   
                 110 
                 108 
               
               
                 Example 34-2 
                 Li (2)-1 
                   
                   
                 112 
                 115 
               
               
                 Example 34-3 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                   
                 126 
                 113 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 34-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 90 
               
               
                 Example 34-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 34-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 34-3 
               
               
                 Example 35-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 95 
                 102 
               
               
                 Example 35-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 35-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPO2F2-1-VC-0.5-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 94 
               
               
                 Example 35-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 35-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiPO2F2-1-[1.1] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 35-3 
               
               
                 Example 36-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2- 
                   
                   
                 115 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Example 36-2 
                 Li (4)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2- 
                   
                   
                 112 
                 115 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 36-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 94 
               
               
                 Example 36-1 
                 VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 36-2 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 36-3 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 34-1 to 34-3 and Comparative Examples 34-1 to 34-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 34-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 35-1 and 35-2 and Comparative Examples 35-1 to 35-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 35-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 36-1 and 36-2 and Comparative Examples 36-1 to 36-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 36-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 37-1 
                 Li (4)-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                 Graphite 
                 130 
                 135 
               
               
                 Example 37-2 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                 (containing 
                 132 
                 140 
               
               
                 Example 37-3 
                 Li (15)-1 
                   
                 silicon) 
                 129 
                 133 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 37-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 90 
               
               
                 Example 37-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 37-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 37-3 
               
               
                 Example 38-1 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 38-2 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 110 
               
               
                 Example 38-3 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 108 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 38-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-VC- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 38-1 
                 0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 38-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 38-3 
               
               
                 Example 39-1 
                 Li (2)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 118 
                 121 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 39-2 
                 Li (9)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 118 
                 119 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 39-3 
                 Li (15)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 117 
               
               
                   
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 39-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiN(SO2F)2-3-LiPO2F2-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 92 
               
               
                 Example 39-1 
                 VC-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 39-2 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-LiN(SO2F)2-3- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 39-3 
                 LiPO2F2-0.5 
               
               
                 Example 40-1 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 108 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 40-2 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 40-3 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 40-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 40-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1- 
               
               
                   
                 VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 40-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 40-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 37-1 to 37-3 and Comparative Examples 37-1 to 37-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 37-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 38-1 to 38-3 and Comparative Examples 38-1 to 38-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 38-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 39-1 to 39-3 and Comparative Examples 39-1 to 39-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 39-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 40-1 to 40-3 and Comparative Examples 40-1 to 40-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 40-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 41-1 
                 Li (4)-1 
                 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2   
                 Hard 
                 115 
                 120 
               
               
                 Example 41-2 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                 carbon 
                 117 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 41-3 
                 Li (15)-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 111 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 41-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 94 
               
               
                 Example 41-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 41-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 41-3 
               
               
                 Example 42-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 42-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 42-3 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 42-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 42-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5-VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 42-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 42-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 41-1 to 41-3 and Comparative Examples 41-1 to 41-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 41-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 42-1 to 42-3 and Comparative Examples 42-1 to 42-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 42-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Incidentally, a negative electrode body whose negative electrode active material is Li 4 Ti 5 O 12  was produced by mixing a Li 4 Ti 5 O 12  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive agent, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto copper foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 2.7 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 1.5 V. 
     A negative electrode body whose negative electrode active material is graphite (containing silicon) was produced by mixing a graphite powder (80 mass %) with a silicon powder (10 mass %) and PVDF (10 mass %) as a binder, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto copper foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage and the discharge termination voltage were the same as those in Example 1-1. 
     A negative electrode body whose negative electrode active material is hard carbon was produced by mixing hard carbon (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive agent, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto copper foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.2 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 2.2 V. 
     It was confirmed that also for each of the electrode compositions using Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , graphite (containing silicon), and hard carbon as the negative electrode active material as described above, the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner by using an electrolyte solution containing the ionic compound of the present invention. 
     Accordingly, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery that can exhibit the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties in a well-balanced manner was obtained regardless of the type of the negative electrode active material, by using the electrolyte solution having the composition containing the ionic compound having the specific structure of the present invention. 
     Examples and Comparative Examples Having Variously Modified Positive Electrode Bodies 
     Batteries having the structures in which the electrolyte solution and the positive electrode body were variously modified as shown in Tables 26 to 29 were produced and were evaluated as described above. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 43-1 
                 Li (1)-1 
                 LiCoO 2   
                 Graphite 
                 111 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 43-2 
                 Li (2)-1 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 118 
               
               
                 Example 43-3 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                   
                 122 
                 118 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 43-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 92 
               
               
                 Example 43-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 43-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 43-3 
               
               
                 Example 44-1 
                 Li (4)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 44-2 
                 Li (9)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 113 
               
               
                 Example 44-3 
                 Li (15)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 108 
                 109 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 44-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1.5 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 95 
               
               
                 Example 44-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 44-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.5-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 44-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 43-1 to 43-3 and Comparative Examples 43-1 to 43-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 43-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 44-1 to 44-3 and Comparative Examples 44-1 to 44-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 44-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 27 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 45-1 
                 Li (2)-1 
                 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2   
                 Graphite 
                 112 
                 115 
               
               
                 Example 45-2 
                 Li (4)-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 119 
               
               
                 Example 45-3 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                   
                 124 
                 116 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 45-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 94 
               
               
                 Example 45-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 45-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 45-3 
               
               
                 Example 46-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 46-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 46-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 46-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 46-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 46-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 46-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5-VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 46-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 46-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 47-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 47-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 47-3 
                 Li (6)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 47-4 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 47-5 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 47-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 47-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1- 
               
               
                   
                 VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 47-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 47-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 45-1 to 45-3 and Comparative Examples 45-1 to 45-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 45-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 46-1 to 46-5 and Comparative Examples 46-1 to 46-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 46-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 47-1 to 47-5 and Comparative Examples 47-1 to 47-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 47-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 28 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 48-1 
                 Li (2)-1 
                 LiMn 2 O 4   
                 Graphite 
                 111 
                 114 
               
               
                 Example 48-2 
                 Li (4)-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 121 
               
               
                 Example 48-3 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                   
                 124 
                 116 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 48-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 91 
               
               
                 Example 48-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 48-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 48-3 
               
               
                 Example 49-1 
                 Li (2)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 49-2 
                 Li (4)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 113 
               
               
                 Example 49-3 
                 Li (9)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 110 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 49-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2-0.5-VC- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 96 
               
               
                 Example 49-1 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 49-2 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.2-LiBOB-1-LiPO2F2- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 49-3 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Example 50-1 
                 Li (2)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 50-2 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Example 50-3 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 50-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 50-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5-VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 50-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiPF4(Ox)-1.5- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 50-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-LiPO2F2- 
               
               
                   
                 0.1-CHB-1.5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 48-1 to 48-3 and Comparative Examples 48-1 to 48-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 48-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 49-1 to 49-3 and Comparative Examples 49-1 to 49-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 49-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 50-1 to 50-3 and Comparative Examples 50-1 to 50-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 50-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 29 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 51-1 
                 Li (2)-1 
                 LiFePO 4   
                 Graphite 
                 112 
                 112 
               
               
                 Example 51-2 
                 Li (4)-1 
                   
                   
                 117 
                 126 
               
               
                 Example 51-3 
                 Li (9)-1 
                   
                   
                 122 
                 118 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 51-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 92 
               
               
                 Example 51-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-1 
                   
                   
                 107 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 51-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 51-3 
               
               
                 Example 52-1 
                 Li (4)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 105 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 52-2 
                 Li (9)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Example 52-3 
                 Li (15)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 52-0 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 52-1 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1- 
               
               
                   
                 VC-0.02 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (17)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 52-2 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Li (18)-0.02-LiBF2(Ox)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 52-3 
                 LiN(SO2F)(POF2)-1-V4Si-0.1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 51-1 to 51-3 and Comparative Examples 51-1 to 51-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 51-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 52-1 to 52-3 and Comparative Examples 52-1 to 52-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 52-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Incidentally, a positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is LiCoO 2  was produced by mixing a LiCoO 2  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.2 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 3.0 V. 
     A positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2  was produced by mixing a LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.2 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 3.0 V. 
     A positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is LiMn 2 O 4  was produced by mixing a LiMn 2 O 4  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.2 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 3.0 V. 
     A positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is LiFePO 4  was produced by mixing a LiFePO 4  powder coated with amorphous carbon (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.1 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 2.5 V. 
     Also for each of the electrode compositions using LiCoO 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiMn 20 O 4 , and LiFePO 4  as the positive electrode active material as described above, it was confirmed that the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner by using the electrolyte solution containing the ionic compound of the present invention. 
     Accordingly, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery that can exhibit high-temperature cycle properties and low-temperature output properties in a well-balanced manner was obtained regardless of the type of the positive electrode active material by using the electrolyte solution having the composition containing the ionic compound having the specific structure of the present invention. 
     Sodium Ion Battery 
     Example 53-1 
     Preparation of Electrolyte Solution 
     Non-aqueous electrolyte solution No. Na(2)-0.5 [Na] was prepared by using a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 2:1:7 as a non-aqueous solvent and dissolving NaPF 6  as a solute and a Na salt of Anion (2) as the ionic compound in the solvent such that the concentration of NaPF 6  was 1.0 mol/L and that the concentration of the Na salt (the content of Cl in the ionic compound as a raw material before being dissolved in the electrolyte solution was 20 mass ppm, and the content of hydrofluoric acid was 110 mass ppm) was 0.5 mass % based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent, the solute, and the ionic compound. The above preparation was performed while maintaining the solution temperature at 25° C. The conditions for preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte solution are shown in Table 30. 
     Production of Battery 
     A battery was produced as in Example 1-1 except that the above electrolyte solution was used, the positive electrode material was NaNi 0.60 Co 0.05 Mn 0.35 O 2 , and the negative electrode material was hard carbon, and the resultant battery was evaluated as in Example 1-1. Incidentally, the positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is NaNi 0.60 Co 0.05 Mn 0.35 O 2  was produced by mixing a NaNi 0.60 Co 0.05 Mn 0.35 O 2  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 3.9 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 1.5 V. 
     The results of the evaluation of the batteries as prepared are shown in Table 31. Incidentally, the values of the discharge capacity retention rates after cycles and the high-output capacity retention rates of the batteries shown in Table 31 are relative values when the discharge capacity retention rate after cycles and the high-output capacity retention rate of a laminated battery produced using the electrolyte solution No. (0) [Na] described below were each defined as 100. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 30 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Other solute 
               
               
                   
                 Ionic compound 
                 Solute 
                 and additive 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Type of 
                 Counter 
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
                   
                 Conc. 
               
               
                 Electrolyte solution No. 
                 anion 
                 cation 
                 [mass %] 
                 Type 
                 [mol/L] 
                 Type 
                 [mass %] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Na (2)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (2) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Na (4)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (4) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Na (6)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (6) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Na (9)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (9) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Na (15)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (15)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0) [Na] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 (0)-VC-0.5 [Na] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 VC 
                   0.5 
               
               
                 Na (17)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (17)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Na (18)-0.5 [Na] 
                 (18)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Na (2)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (2) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Na (4)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (4) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Na (6)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (6) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Na (9)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (9) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Na (15)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (15)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-FEC-1-VC-0.5 [Na] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC, VC 
                   1, 0.5 
               
               
                 Na (17)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (17)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Na (18)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                 (18)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 FEC 
                 1 
               
               
                 Na (2)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (2) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (4)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (4) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (6)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (6) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (9)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (9) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (15)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (15)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 (0)-NaPF4(Ox)-2 [Na] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 (0)-NaPF4(Ox)-2-VC-0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ), 
                   2, 0.5 
               
               
                 [Na] 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Na (17)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (17)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (18)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 (18)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 
                 2 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (2)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (2) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (4)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (4) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (6)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (6) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (9)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (9) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (15)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (15)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)2-1 [Na] 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)2-1-VC-0.3 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2 , 
                   1, 0.3 
               
               
                 [Na] 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Na (17)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (17)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (18)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                 (18)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.3 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F) 2   
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (2)-0.1- 
                 (2) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (4)-0.1- 
                 (4) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (6)-0.1- 
                 (6) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (9)-0.1- 
                 (9) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Nal 
               
               
                 Na (15)-0.1- 
                 (15)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ), 
                   1, 0.1 
               
               
                 VC-0.1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 VC 
               
               
                 Na (17)-0.1- 
                 (17)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Nal 
               
               
                 Na (18)-0.1- 
                 (18)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.1 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(POF 2 ) 
                 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (2)-0.5- 
                 (2) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (4)-0.5- 
                 (4) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (6)-0.5- 
                 (6) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (9)-0.5- 
                 (9) 
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (15)-0.5- 
                 (15)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1- 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1, 0.5 
               
               
                 FEC-1-VC-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC, VC 
               
               
                 Na (17)-0.5- 
                 (17)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Na (18)-0.5- 
                 (18)  
                 Na+ 
                 0.5 
                 NaPF 6   
                 1 
                 NaN(SO 2 F)(COF), 
                 1, 1 
               
               
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 FEC 
               
               
                 [Na] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 31 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 53-1 
                 Na (2)-0.5 [Na] 
                 NaNi 0.60 Co 0.05 Mn 0.35 O 2   
                 Hard 
                 116 
                 117 
               
               
                 Example 53-2 
                 Na (4)-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                 carbon 
                 127 
                 135 
               
               
                 Example 53-3 
                 Na (6)-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 122 
                 113 
               
               
                 Example 53-4 
                 Na (9)-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 117 
                 120 
               
               
                 Example 53-5 
                 Na (15)-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 120 
                 121 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0) [Na] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 53-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-VC-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 90 
               
               
                 Example 53-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (17)-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 53-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (18)-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 53-3 
               
               
                 Example 54-1 
                 Na (2)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 112 
                 111 
               
               
                 Example 54-2 
                 Na (4)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 125 
                 137 
               
               
                 Example 54-3 
                 Na (6)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 109 
               
               
                 Example 54-4 
                 Na (9)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 118 
                 121 
               
               
                 Example 54-5 
                 Na (15)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 120 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 54-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-FEC-1-VC-0.5 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 95 
               
               
                 Example 54-1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (17)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 103 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 54-2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (18)-0.5-FEC-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 54-3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 53-1 to 53-5 and Comparative Examples 53-1 to 53-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 53-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 54-1 to 54-5 and Comparative Examples 54-1 to 54-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 54-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples and Comparative Examples Having Variously Modified Electrolyte Solution Compositions, Negative Electrode Bodies, and Positive Electrode Bodies 
     Electrolyte solutions were each prepared by the same procedure as that in Electrolyte solution No. Na(2)-0.5 [Na] except that the types and the concentrations of the ionic compounds and the types and the concentrations of other solutes and additives were variously changed as shown in Table 30. 
     Batteries having the electrode compositions shown in Tables 31 to 33 were produced using the resultant electrolyte solutions by the same procedure as that in Example 53-1 and were evaluated as described above. 
     Incidentally, the positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is NaFeo 0.4 Ni 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2  was produced by mixing a NaFe 0.4 Nio 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.1 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 2.0 V. 
     The positive electrode body whose positive electrode active material is NaNi 1/3 Ti 1/6 Mn 1/2 O 2  was produced by mixing a NaNi 1/3 Ti 1/6 Mn 1/2 O 2  powder (90 mass %) with PVDF (5 mass %) as a binder and acetylene black (5 mass %) as a conductive material, further adding NMP to the resultant mixture, applying the resultant paste onto aluminum foil, and drying it. In the evaluation of the battery, the charge termination voltage was 4.5 V, and the discharge termination voltage was 1.5 V. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 32 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 55-1 
                 Na (2)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                 NaFe 0.4 Ni 0.3 Mn 0.3 O 2   
                 Hard 
                 115 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
                   
                 carbon 
               
               
                 Example 55-2 
                 Na (4)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                   
                   
                 128 
                 125 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 55-3 
                 Na (6)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 111 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 55-4 
                 Na (9)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                   
                   
                 118 
                 113 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 55-5 
                 Na (15)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                   
                   
                 120 
                 118 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaPF4(Ox)-2 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 55-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaPF4(Ox)-2-VC-0.5 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 93 
               
               
                 Example 55-1 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (17)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 55-2 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (18)-0.5-NaPF4(Ox)-2 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 55-3 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 56-1 
                 Na (2)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 117 
                 116 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 56-2 
                 Na (4)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 122 
                 135 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 56-3 
                 Na (6)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 117 
                 111 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 56-4 
                 Na (9)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 118 
                 117 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 56-5 
                 Na (15)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 119 
                 120 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)2-1 [Na] 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 56-0 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)2-1 -VC-0.3 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 97 
               
               
                 Example 56-1 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (17)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 56-2 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (18)-0.3-NaN(SO2F)2-1 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 56-3 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 55-1 to 55-5 and Comparative Examples 55-1 to 55-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 55-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 56-1 to 56-5 and Comparative Examples 56-1 to 56-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 56-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 33 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Discharge 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 capacity 
                 High-output 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Positive 
                 Negative 
                 retention 
                 capacity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 electrode 
                 electrode 
                 rate after 
                 retention 
               
               
                   
                 Electrolyte solution 
                 active 
                 active 
                 cycles* 
                 rate* 
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 material 
                 material 
                 [%] 
                 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 57-1 
                 Na (2)-0.1- 
                 NaNi 1/3 Ti 1/6 Mn 1/2 O 2   
                 Hard 
                 109 
                 108 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
                   
                 carbon 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Example 57-2 
                 Na (4)-0.1- 
                   
                   
                 116 
                 119 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 57-3 
                 Na (6)-0.1- 
                   
                   
                 110 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 57-4 
                 Na (9)-0.1- 
                   
                   
                 116 
                 117 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 57-5 
                 Na (15)-0.1- 
                   
                   
                 111 
                 115 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 57-0 
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 98 
               
               
                 Example 57-1 
                 VC-0.1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (17)-0.1- 
                   
                   
                 102 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 57-2 
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (18)-0.1- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 57-3 
                 NaN(SO2F)(POF2)-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 58-1 
                 Na (2)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 113 
                 114 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 58-2 
                 Na (4)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 121 
                 120 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 58-3 
                 Na (6)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 114 
                 115 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 58-4 
                 Na (9)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 120 
                 117 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Example 58-5 
                 Na (15)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 121 
                 123 
               
               
                   
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 58-0 
                 FEC-1 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 (0)-NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1- 
                   
                   
                 100 
                 95 
               
               
                 Example 58-1 
                 FEC-1-VC-0.5 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (17)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 104 
                 99 
               
               
                 Example 58-2 
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Na (18)-0.5- 
                   
                   
                 101 
                 100 
               
               
                 Example 58-3 
                 NaN(SO2F)(COF)-1-FEC-1 
               
               
                   
                 [Na] 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *In Examples 57-1 to 57-5 and Comparative Examples 57-1 to 57-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 57-0 was defined as 100. 
               
               
                 *In Examples 58-1 to 58-5 and Comparative Examples 58-1 to 58-3, the values were each a relative value when the result of evaluation in Comparative Example 58-0 was defined as 100. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     It was confirmed from the results shown in Tables 31 to 33 that also for the sodium ion batteries, similarly, the high-temperature cycle properties and the low-temperature output properties can be exhibited in a well-balanced manner regardless of the types of the negative electrode active materials and the positive electrode active materials by using the electrolyte solutions containing the ionic compounds of the present invention.