Patent Publication Number: US-2022230864-A1

Title: Shaped-channel scanning nozzle for scanning of a material surface

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/137,873, filed Jan. 15, 2021, and titled “SHAPED-CHANNEL SCANNING NOZZLE FOR SCANNING OF A SEMICONDUCTING WAFER.” U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/137,873 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry is an analysis technique commonly used for the determination of trace element concentrations and isotope ratios in liquid samples. ICP spectrometry employs electromagnetically generated partially ionized argon plasma which reaches a temperature of approximately 7,000K. When a sample is introduced to the plasma, the high temperature causes sample atoms to become ionized or emit light. Since each chemical element produces a characteristic mass or emission spectrum, measuring the spectra of the emitted mass or light allows the determination of the elemental composition of the original sample. 
     Sample introduction systems may be employed to introduce the liquid samples into the ICP spectrometry instrumentation (e.g., an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP/ICP-MS), an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), or the like) for analysis. For example, a sample introduction system may transport an aliquot of sample to a nebulizer that converts the aliquot into a polydisperse aerosol suitable for ionization in plasma by the ICP spectrometry instrumentation. The aerosol generated by the nebulizer is then sorted in a spray chamber to remove the larger aerosol particles. Upon leaving the spray chamber, the aerosol is introduced into the plasma by a plasma torch assembly of the ICP-MS or ICP-AES instruments for analysis. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems and methods are described for introducing one or more fluid streams from a nozzle having one or more shaped channels to one or more material surfaces and removing the fluid streams for scanning for chemical species of interest. In an aspect, a nozzle embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a nozzle body configured to couple to a positionable nozzle arm support for positioning the nozzle with respect to a material surface, the nozzle body defining at least one fluid port to receive a fluid into the nozzle; and a nozzle hood coupled to the nozzle body, the nozzle hood defining an elongated shaped channel having at least a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel extending from the at least one fluid port, the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel configured to direct fluid along the material surface within at least a portion of each of the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel. 
     In an aspect, a nozzle embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a nozzle body configured to couple to a positionable nozzle arm support for positioning the nozzle with respect to a material surface, the nozzle body defining a fluid port configured to receive a fluid into the nozzle and defining an interior region having a vacuum port configured to couple with a vacuum source; and a nozzle hood coupled to the nozzle body, the nozzle hood including an exterior wall and an interior wall defining at a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel between the exterior wall and the interior wall and in fluid communication with the fluid port, the interior wall bounding at least a portion of the interior region, wherein an outlet of the fluid port is positioned between the exterior wall and the interior wall to introduce fluid from the fluid port into at least a portion of each of the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel to direct the fluid along the material surface within the portion of each of the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel during application of a vacuum to the vacuum port by the vacuum source. 
     In an aspect, a method embodiment includes, but is not limited to, introducing a scan fluid to the surface of the material via a nozzle, the nozzle including a nozzle body configured to couple to a positionable nozzle arm support for positioning the nozzle with respect to a material surface, the nozzle body defining a fluid port configured to receive a fluid into the nozzle and defining an interior region having a vacuum port configured to couple with a vacuum source, and a nozzle hood coupled to the nozzle body, the nozzle hood including an exterior wall and an interior wall defining at a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel between the exterior wall and the interior wall and in fluid communication with the fluid port, the interior wall bounding at least a portion of the interior region, wherein an outlet of the fluid port is positioned between the exterior wall and the interior wall to introduce fluid from the fluid port into at least a portion of each of the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel to direct the fluid along the material surface within the portion of each of the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel during application of a vacuum to the vacuum port by the vacuum source; directing the scan fluid along the surface of the material, via the nozzle, at least a portion of the fluid held within each of the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel; joining the scan fluid from the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel together at a region of the nozzle hood distinct from the fluid port; and removing the scan fluid from the surface of the material through the nozzle. 
     This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       The Detailed Description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. The use of the same reference numbers in different instances in the description and the figures may indicate similar or identical items. 
         FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a system for integrated decomposition and scanning of a semiconducting wafer, in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is an isometric view of the system of  FIG. 1  with a semiconducting wafer positioned within a chamber. 
         FIG. 3  is an isometric view of the system of  FIG. 1 , with a scan arm positioning a nozzle over a surface of the semiconducting wafer. 
         FIG. 4  is an isometric view of an underside of the scan arm of the system of  FIG. 1 , shown with scanning fluid dispensed from a nozzle. 
         FIG. 5  is an isometric view of an underside of the nozzle of  FIG. 4 , shown without scanning fluid. 
         FIG. 6  is an isometric view of an underside of the nozzle of  FIG. 4 , with directional arrows showing flow of scanning fluid during a filling operation. 
         FIG. 7  is an isometric view of an underside of the nozzle of  FIG. 4 , with directional arrows showing flow of scanning fluid during a recovery operation. 
         FIG. 8A  is bottom plan view of a pattern of scanning fluid flowing through channels of the nozzle on a surface of a wafer in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 8B  is bottom plan view of a pattern of scanning fluid flowing through channels of the nozzle on a surface of a wafer in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 8C  is bottom plan view of a pattern of scanning fluid flowing through channels of the nozzle on a surface of a wafer in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 8D  is bottom plan view of a pattern of scanning fluid flowing through channels of the nozzle on a surface of a wafer in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 8E  is bottom plan view of a pattern of scanning fluid flowing through channels of the nozzle on a surface of a wafer in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 8F  is bottom plan view of a pattern of scanning fluid flowing through channels of the nozzle on a surface of a wafer in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  is a partial isometric view of the system of  FIG. 1 , with the scan arm positioned at a rinse station for the nozzle. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     Determination of trace elemental concentrations or amounts in a sample can provide an indication of purity of the sample, or an acceptability of the sample for use as a reagent, reactive component, or the like. For instance, in certain production or manufacturing processes (e.g., mining, metallurgy, semiconductor fabrication, pharmaceutical processing, etc.), the tolerances for impurities can be very strict, for example, on the order of fractions of parts per billion. For semiconductor wafer processing, the wafer is tested for impurities, such as metallic impurities, that can degrade the capabilities of the wafer or render the wafer inoperable due to diminished carrier lifetimes, dielectric breakdown of wafer components, and the like. 
     Vapor phase decomposition (VPD) and subsequent scanning of the wafer is a technique to analyze the composition of the wafer to determine whether metallic impurities are present. Traditional VPD and scanning techniques have limited throughput for facilitating the treatment and scanning of silicon wafers for impurity analysis. For instance, systems often utilize separate chambers for the VPD procedure and for the scanning procedure. In the VPD chamber, silicon dioxide and other metallic impurities present at the surface are contacted with a vapor (e.g., hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), combinations thereof) and removed from the surface as vapor (e.g., as silicon tetrafluoride (SiF 4 )). The treated wafer is transported to a separate chamber for scanning, where a liquid droplet is introduced to the treated wafer surface to collect residue following reaction of the decomposition vapor with the wafer. The scanning procedure can involve holding a droplet on the surface of the wafer with a scan head and rotating the wafer, while moving the scan head or keeping the scan head stationary to move the droplet over the surface. After multiple revolutions of the wafer, the droplet interacts with the desired surface area of the wafer to draw any residue from the contacted surface following decomposition. However, traditional wafer treatment techniques require significant amounts of time and equipment to process a wafer, such through movement of the wafer from a decomposition chamber to a scan chamber to a rinse chamber during treatment, utilizing scan nozzles that have limited droplet interaction with the wafer surface during scanning (i.e., requiring multiple revolutions of the wafer to interact the droplet with the entire surface area or a portion thereof), and the like. Moreover, such handling of the wafer can potentially expose technicians or other individuals to toxic hydrofluoric acid or can increase the risk of environmental contamination to the wafer during transfer of the wafer between the various process chambers, which also require a substantial physical process floor footprint to facilitate the equipment and transfer mechanisms between the equipment. 
     Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to systems and methods for semiconductor wafer decomposition and scanning, where a chamber facilitates decomposition and scanning of the semiconducting wafer with a single chamber footprint, and where a nozzle directs one or more streams of fluid along one or more surfaces of the semiconducting wafer guided by a nozzle hood defining one or more elongated channels to direct the stream along the wafer surface. The elongated channels can be straight, curved, or combinations thereof, to provide geometric configurations of the scan fluid during filling of the nozzle, which in turn directs the scanning fluid across the surface of the wafer. The nozzle can include one or more vacuum ports to facilitate a vacuum applied to the nozzle to maintain scanning fluid within the elongated channels, within an interior region of the nozzle, or combinations thereof. In implementations, the nozzle includes a thinned region defined by at least one of the elongated channels in a region of the nozzle opposite a location of the filling port(s) through which the scanning fluid is introduced to the surface of the wafer, where the thinned region can facilitate controlled recovery of the fluid stream during recovery through a recovery port. In implementations, the recovery port is adjacent the filling port. In implementations, filling and recovery of the fluid stream is facilitated through a single port. 
     The chamber can provide zones within the chamber for decomposition and rinsing while controlling fluid movement within the chamber, such as for draining and preventing cross contamination. A motor system can control a vertical position of the wafer support with respect to the chamber body to move the semiconductor within the chamber body, with positioning above the chamber body supported by the motor system to load and unload wafers, provide access to the nozzle, and the like. The chamber can further incorporate a nebulizer to direct decomposition fluid that is aerosolized by the nebulizer directly onto the surface of the semiconducting wafer while the wafer support positions the semiconducting wafer within an interior region of the chamber. A chamber can incorporate a lid that can open and close with respect to the chamber to isolate the interior region of the chamber from the region exterior to the chamber, such as during the decomposition process. The nozzle can be positioned with respect to the chamber by a rotatable scan arm, where the nozzle can be positioned away from the chamber to facilitate lid closure (e.g., during the decomposition procedure) or to facilitate rinsing of the nozzle at a rinse station. Further, the scan arm can position the nozzle over the semiconducting wafer during the scanning procedure, such as through rotation of the nozzle with respect to the wafer surface. The system can utilize a fluid handling system including switchable selector valves and pumps to control introduction of fluid to the nozzle, from the surface of the wafer, for preparation of blanks, for rinsing system components, and the like. Following or during the scanning procedure, the scanning fluid can be collected and sent to an analysis device (e.g., ICPMS device) for analytical determination of the composition of the scanning fluid. 
     Example Implementations 
       FIGS. 1 through 9  illustrate aspects of a system for integrated decomposition and scanning of a semiconducting wafer (“system  100 ”) in accordance with various embodiments of this disclosure. While the system  100  is described with reference to a semiconducting wafer, the system  100  is not limited to such materials and can be utilized with any material, such as a material having a substantially planar surface. The system  100  generally includes a chamber  102  and a scan arm assembly  104  supported a fluid handling system and a motor system to facilitate at least decomposition and scanning procedures of a semiconducting wafer  108  (sometimes referred to herein as the “wafer”) through introduction of decomposition fluids to the wafer  108  and through introduction to and removal of scanning fluids from one or more surfaces of the wafer  108 . The chamber  102  provides an environment for each of wafer decomposition and wafer scanning with a single chamber footprint, and includes a wafer support  110  to hold the wafer  108  and a motor system to control a vertical position of the wafer support  110  with respect to the chamber  102  (e.g., within the chamber  102 , above the chamber  102 , etc.) to position the wafer  108  for the decomposition and scanning procedures or during other procedures of the system  100 . The motor system additionally provides rotational control of the wafer support  110  to rotate the wafer  108  during various procedures of the system  100 , and provides rotational and vertical control of the scan arm assembly  104  to bring a nozzle of the scan arm assembly  104  into positions over the wafer  108  during scanning procedures (e.g., shown in  FIG. 3 ) and into positions of a rinse station  114  for nozzle cleaning (e.g., shown in  FIG. 9 ). In implementations, the wafer support  110  includes a vacuum table to hold the wafer  108  fixed relative to the wafer support  110 , such as during movement of the wafer support  110 . 
     The chamber  102  includes a chamber body  116  defining an interior region  118  to receive the wafer  108  for processing. During an example operation shown in  FIG. 1 , the system  100  can receive a semiconducting wafer  108  onto the wafer support  110 , such as through operation of an automated arm  50  selecting a wafer  108  from a front end unified pod (FOUP) or other location and introducing the selected wafer  108  onto the wafer support  110  (e.g., centered on the wafer support  110 ). The motor system can position the wafer support  110  at, above, or adjacent to the top portion  122  of the chamber body  122  to permit access to the wafer support  110  by the automated arm  50  to set the wafer  108  onto the wafer support  110 . For instance, the wafer support  110  can be positioned adjacent to an opening  126  at the top of the chamber  102  during loading of the wafer  108 . 
     The system  100  can include a lid  130  to isolate the interior region  118  from an exterior region  132  to facilitate wafer decomposition while limiting exposure of the decomposition fluid to the exterior region  132 . For example, the lid  130  can have a size and a shape to cover the opening  126  when positioned over the opening  126 . The lid  130  can be positionable between an open position (e.g., shown in  FIG. 1 ) and a closed position (e.g., shown in  FIG. 2 ). The open position can be utilized during wafer loading to provide access to the automated arm, during scanning procedures, during wafer unloading procedures, and the like. In implementations, the lid  130  is in the open position when the wafer support  110  is in the first position adjacent to the opening  126  to provide access to the wafer  108  by the nozzle of the scan arm assembly  104 . The closed position can be utilized during wafer decomposition procedures to prevent the decomposition fluid from leaving the chamber  102  through the opening  126 . In implementations, at least a portion of the lid  130  contacts the chamber body  116  to isolate the interior region  118  from the exterior region  132 . The wafer  108  is moved within the interior region  118  through control of the vertical position of the wafer support  110  by the motor system to a second position. 
     Following introduction of the wafer  108  to the wafer support  110 , the system  100  can transition to a decomposition configuration to facilitate decomposition of one or more surfaces or edges of the wafer  108 . In implementations, the chamber  102  includes a nebulizer positioned in the chamber body  116  to spray a decomposition fluid onto the surface of the wafer  108  when the wafer support  110 . The decomposition fluid can be sprayed directly into the chamber  102  by the nebulizer. 
     Following decomposition of the wafer  108 , the system  100  can transition to a scanning configuration to permit access to one or more surfaces of the wafer  108  by the scan arm assembly  104  without transferring the wafer  108  to a separate scanning system. To transition to the scanning configuration, the motor system can position the wafer support  110  adjacent the opening  126  or otherwise closer to a top of the chamber body  116  to permit access to the surface of the wafer  108  by the scan arm assembly  104 . The scan arm assembly  104  generally includes a rotatable arm support  300  coupled to a nozzle housing  302  that supports a nozzle  304  configured to introduce the scan fluid to the surface of the wafer  108  and recover the scan fluid from the surface of the wafer  108 . The motor system can control rotation of the rotatable arm support  300 , vertical positioning of the rotatable arm support  300 , or combinations thereof, to position the nozzle housing  302  and the nozzle  304  across multiple positions within the system  100 . For example, the motor system can move the nozzle housing  302  and the nozzle  304  between one or more positions at a rinse station  306  (e.g., shown in  FIG. 9 ) to one or more positions adjacent or above the wafer  108  (e.g., shown in  FIG. 3 ). Example implementations of the nozzle  304  are described further herein with reference to  FIGS. 4 through 8F . In implementations, the rotatable arm support  300  rotates or otherwise moves the nozzle  304  to position the nozzle  304  adjacent the wafer  108  when the wafer support  110  is positioned at the top portion of the chamber  102  and to position the nozzle  304  outside a path of the lid  130  from the open position to the closed position when the wafer support  110  is positioned within an interior of the chamber  102  (e.g., during decomposition). 
     With the nozzle  304  in position adjacent or above the wafer  108  (e.g., shown in  FIG. 3 ), the fluid handling system can control introduction of scanning fluids to and from the nozzle  304  to facilitate scanning procedures of the surface of the wafer  108 . Referring to  FIGS. 4 through 7 , an example implementation of the nozzle  304  is shown. The nozzle  304  is configured to deliver one or more streams of fluid (shown as  400  in  FIG. 4 ) across the surface of the wafer  108 , which can cover a greater surface area of the wafer  108  in a shorter period of time than moving a spot-size droplet over the wafer  108 . The stream (or streams) of fluid is guided over the surface of the wafer  108  by the nozzle  304  to controllably scan the desired surface area of the wafer  108 . In implementations, the nozzle  304  guides the stream of fluid over substantially the entire surface of the wafer  108  in a single revolution of the wafer  108 . In implementations, a wedge of the surface (e.g., a sector of the wafer  108  or portion thereof) can be scanned in a fraction of a single revolution of the wafer  108 . The scanned area of the wafer  108  generally depends on the shape of the nozzle  304  and the amount of rotation of the wafer  108 , where differing nozzle shapes can provide differing scan patterns or coverages of the wafer  108  (e.g., described further with respect to  FIGS. 8A through 8F . 
     The nozzle  304  is shown including a nozzle body  500  defining a nozzle hood  502  and an interior region  504  that direct the flow of fluid received by the nozzle  304  through one or more fluid ports for scanning the wafer. A first fluid port  506 , a second fluid port  508 , and a vacuum port  510  are shown in an example port configuration. For example, the nozzle  304  receives fluid through action of a pump (e.g., syringe pump, diaphragm pump, etc.) pushing the fluid from a holding line or loop (e.g., a sample holding loop) into the nozzle  304 , where it is directed into the first fluid port  506  and through a channel or channels defined by the nozzle hood  502 . For example, the nozzle hood  502  is shown forming a first channel  512  and a second channel  514  through which at least a portion of the fluid exiting the first fluid port  506  is directed. In implementations, the first fluid port  506  provides an outlet within the nozzle hood  502  such that fluid exiting the first fluid port  506  is directly introduced from the nozzle body  500  into the nozzle hood  502  to be guided along the surface of the wafer  108  by the nozzle hood  502 . The first channel  512  and the second channel  514  can be formed by walls or other structures of the nozzle hood  502  to fluidically couple each of the channels with the port that receives fluid for distribution. For example, the first channel  512  and the second channel  514  are formed between an exterior wall  516  and an interior wall  518  of the nozzle hood  502 . 
     In implementations, the fluid is deposited onto the surface of the wafer  108  through the first nozzle port  506  and directed along the surface of the wafer  108  as a substantially continuous fluid stream guided by the nozzle hood  502 . For example,  FIG. 6  shows that as fluid is deposited onto the surface of the wafer  108 , the nozzle hood  502  guides a first portion of fluid  600  into the first channel  512  and guides a second portion of fluid  602  into the second channel  514 , where the fluid in the first portion of fluid  600  and the second portion of fluid  602  can remain connected through adhesion or other fluid property. The system  100  can introduce a sufficient volume of fluid to the nozzle  304  such that the first portion of fluid  600  and the second portion of fluid  602  flow through the channels  512  and  514  until the channels are filled, the portions of fluid are joined together, or combinations thereof. For example, the first portion of fluid  600  and the second portion of fluid  602  can flow through the first channel  512  and the second channel  514 , respectively, until the front ends of the fluid portions meet at a region  520  of the nozzle forming a single continuous shape of fluid (e.g., shown in  FIG. 4 ). As such, the fluid is permitted to contact the wafer  108  during transit from the first fluid port  506  to the region  520  (e.g., during transit along the channels  512  and  514 ). In implementations, the region  520  is at a portion of the nozzle hood  502  where the first channel  512  connects with the second channel  514  opposite the first nozzle port  506 . 
     A vacuum can be applied to the interior region  504  of the nozzle body  500  (e.g., via the vacuum port  510 ) during filling of the nozzle  304  and dispensing of the fluid onto the surface of the wafer  108 , during recovery of the fluid from the surface of the wafer  108 , and combinations thereof. The vacuum can assist with maintaining tension on the fluid, which can aid in maintaining a continuous fluid stream (e.g., by avoiding gaps in the fluid or breaks in the fluid stream as the fluid traverses the surface of the wafer  108 ). Alternatively or additionally, the vacuum can divert any excess fluid from the channels  512  and  514  into the interior region  504  of the nozzle body to avoid uncontrolled fluid from exiting the nozzle hood  502  and spilling onto an area of the wafer  108  outside the control of the nozzle  304  (e.g., spilling laterally past the exterior wall  516 ). As such, during a scanning operation, once the nozzle is in position over the wafer  108 , scan fluid can be introduced from the nozzle  304  via a fill port onto the wafer surface  108  within the nozzle hood  502 , directed around the channels  512  and  514  to meet at the region  520  opposite the fill port. The wafer  108  can be rotated during the scanning operation and the nozzle housing  302  can rotate the nozzle  304  relative to the wafer  108  via action of the rotatable arm support  300 . Excess fluid can flow into the interior region  504  if enough fluid is introduced to fill the nozzle hood  502 . 
     During or following the scanning procedure, fluid introduced to the wafer  108  can be removed from the surface the wafer  108  via the nozzle  304 . For example, the fluid can be removed from the surface  146  via action of a pump (e.g., syringe pump, diaphragm pump, etc.) pulling the fluid through a fluid port of the nozzle. In implementations, the fluid is drawn through the second fluid port  508 , where the fluid stream breaks into two fluid portions at the region  520  to draw the fluid back through each of the first channel  512  and the second channel  514  to flow back towards the second fluid port  508  (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 7 ). The nozzle can include an opening  522  in the interior wall  518  of the nozzle hood  502 , a narrowed portion  524  of the nozzle hood  502  (e.g., narrowed cross section relative to the first channel  512  and the second channel  514 ), or combinations thereof, to provide an area for the fluid stream to break into the first fluid portion  600  and the second fluid portion  602  during recovery. Excess fluid that may be present in the interior region  504  is drawn back into the nozzle hood  502  to be directed to the recovery port, such as by entering the first channel  512  or the second channel  514  via the opening  522  in the interior wall  518  of the nozzle hood  502 . 
     In implementations, the nozzle  304  includes a region  526  adjacent the fluid recovery port (e.g., the second fluid port  508 ) having a wider cross section relative to one or more of the first channel  512 , the second channel  514 , and the region  520  to provide a volume of fluid at the recovery port to assist in fluid uptake (e.g., by avoiding breakage of the fluid stream at the recovery port). While the nozzle  304  is shown in an example implementation have a single vacuum port and two fluid ports, the disclosure is not limited to such configuration, and can include no vacuum ports, more than one vacuum ports, a single fluid port (e.g., fluid introduction and fluid removal is through the same port), more than two fluid ports, or the like. 
     The first channel  512  and the second channel  514  permit a volume of fluid to travel over the wafer  108 , assisted by the nozzle hood  502 . In implementations, the nozzle hood  502  has a volume from approximately 50 μL to approximately 5,000 μL. However, the volume of the nozzle hood  502  is not limited to this range and can include volumes less than 50 μL and volumes greater than 5,000 μL. For example, the volume of the channels  512  and  514  can depend on the size of the wafer  108  being processed by the system  100  to provide a desired amount of fluid (e.g., scanning fluid) to the surface of the wafer  108 . In implementations, the nozzle hood  502  supports a volume of fluid on the wafer  108  from approximately 100 μL to approximately 500 μL. The dimensions of the nozzle  304  can be selected based on the size of the wafer  108  to be processed by the system  100 , where in implementations, the nozzle  304  has a width of approximately the diameter of the wafer  108 . In implementations, the length of the nozzle  304  can be from approximately 20 mm to approximately 500 mm. In implementations, the nozzle  304  has a width of approximately the radius of the wafer  108 , where rotation of the wafer  108  relative to the nozzle provides coverage of the fluid from the nozzle  304  supported by the nozzle hood  502 . 
     The nozzle  304  can be formed from a single unitary piece, or portions of the nozzle  304  can be formed separately and fused or otherwise coupled together. In implementations, the nozzle  304  is formed from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or combinations thereof. 
     While the nozzle  304  has been described with a nozzle hood  502  defining a substantially round flow path for fluid streams maintained on the wafer  108  by the nozzle  304 , the present disclosure is not limited to a substantially round fluid stream path. For example, the nozzle  304  can include, but is not limited to, round fluid stream paths with one or more linear fluid stream paths, circular fluid stream paths, elliptical fluid stream paths, linear fluid stream paths, irregular fluid stream paths, square fluid stream paths, rectangular fluid stream paths, and combinations thereof. For example,  FIG. 8A  shows a fluid stream path formed by the nozzle  304  having a round portion  800 , a first linear portion  802  intersecting the round portion  800 , and a second linear portion  804  intersecting each of the round portion  800  and the first linear portion  802 . As another example,  FIG. 8B  shows a fluid stream path formed by the nozzle  304  having a round portion  806 , a first linear portion  808  intersecting the round portion  806 , a second linear portion  810  intersecting the round portion  806 , and a third linear portion  812  intersecting the round portion  806 . As another example,  FIG. 8C  shows a fluid stream path formed by the nozzle  304  having an elliptical portion  814 . As another example,  FIG. 8D  shows a fluid stream path formed by the nozzle  304  having a square portion  816 . As another example,  FIG. 8E  shows a fluid stream path formed by the nozzle  304  having a square portion  818 , a first linear portion  820  intersecting the square portion  818 , and a second linear portion  822  intersecting each of the square portion  818  and the first linear portion  820 . As another example,  FIG. 8F  shows a fluid stream path formed by the nozzle  304  having a rectangular portion  824 . 
     Electromechanical devices (e.g., electrical motors, servos, actuators, or the like) may be coupled with or embedded within the components of the system  100  to facilitate automated operation via control logic embedded within or externally driving the system  100 . The electromechanical devices can be configured to cause movement of devices and fluids according to various procedures, such as the procedures described herein. The system  100  may include or be controlled by a computing system having a processor or other controller configured to execute computer readable program instructions (i.e., the control logic) from a non-transitory carrier medium (e.g., storage medium such as a flash drive, hard disk drive, solid-state disk drive, SD card, optical disk, or the like). The computing system can be connected to various components of the system  100 , either by direct connection, or through one or more network connections (e.g., local area networking (LAN), wireless area networking (WAN or WLAN), one or more hub connections (e.g., USB hubs), and so forth). For example, the computing system can be communicatively coupled to the chamber  102 , the motor system, valves described herein, pumps described herein, other components described herein, components directing control thereof, or combinations thereof. The program instructions, when executed by the processor or other controller, can cause the computing system to control the system  100  (e.g., control pumps, selection valves, actuators, spray nozzles, positioning devices, etc.) according to one or more modes of operation, as described herein. 
     It should be recognized that the various functions, control operations, processing blocks, or steps described throughout the present disclosure may be carried out by any combination of hardware, software, or firmware. In some embodiments, various steps or functions are carried out by one or more of the following: electronic circuitry, logic gates, multiplexers, a programmable logic device, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a controller/microcontroller, or a computing system. A computing system may include, but is not limited to, a personal computing system, a mobile computing device, mainframe computing system, workstation, image computer, parallel processor, or any other device known in the art. In general, the term “computing system” is broadly defined to encompass any device having one or more processors or other controllers, which execute instructions from a carrier medium. 
     Program instructions implementing functions, control operations, processing blocks, or steps, such as those manifested by embodiments described herein, may be transmitted over or stored on carrier medium. The carrier medium may be a transmission medium, such as, but not limited to, a wire, cable, or wireless transmission link. The carrier medium may also include a non-transitory signal bearing medium or storage medium such as, but not limited to, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic or optical disk, a solid-state or flash memory device, or a magnetic tape. 
     Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is defined by the appended claims. Although embodiments of this invention have been illustrated, it is apparent that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure.