Patent Publication Number: US-2022225696-A1

Title: Heated apparel system comprising at least one article of heated apparel with a heater, a heater controller and an electrical power supply

Description:
REFERENCE TO PENDING PRIOR PATENT APPLICATION 
     This patent application claims benefit of pending prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/853,076, filed May 27, 2019 by Human Systems Integration, Inc. and Brian Farrell for HEATED GLOVE COUPLED TO A WEARABLE POWER SYSTEM (Attorney&#39;s Docket No. HSI-001Q), which patent application is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     APPLICANT 
     Human Systems Integration, Inc. 
     INVENTOR 
     Brian Farrell 
     Richard Streeter 
     Allan Neville 
     David McDonald 
     Sean Farrell 
     John Phillips 
     FIELD OF ART 
     This patent application relates generally to warming, and more particularly to a novel heated apparel system comprising at least one article of heated apparel with a heater, a heater controller and an electrical power supply. 
     BACKGROUND 
     People around the world live, work and play in a wide range of environments. The environments can range from the hot, arid conditions of a desert, to the hot, humid conditions of a jungle, to the frosty, low-humidity conditions of high mountains or polar regions. Whatever the environment, proper clothing is typically required for comfort, safety or even survival. The clothing that people choose to wear in their environments is often dictated by culture, local requirements, or fashion. Some cultures dictate rules for what is considered proper attire for women and men, while other cultures maintain a laissez faire attitude. Similarly, light-weight, loose-fitting clothing is most comfortable in the tropics, in contrast to the heavy wool or fleece sweaters and jackets worn in cold climes. And in terms of fashion, while wearing a couture gown and extravagant jewelry, or wearing a black tie and a diamond-accented dress watch, may be highly appropriate for a red carpet or gala affair, such attire would be ludicrous or even dangerous in the Antarctic. People thus choose their clothing to meet these various requirements. In many cases, the clothing choices come down to personal preference, clothing price point, or even individual sense of fun. An otherwise drab or muted outfit can be enlivened by a colorful scarf, a brightly patterned shirt, or a particularly loud tie. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention comprises the provision and use of a novel heated apparel system for warming one or more portions of a human body. The novel heated apparel system generally comprises at least one article of heated apparel with a heater, a heater controller and an electrical power supply. 
     The heated apparel may comprise garments such as shirts, sweaters and coats, pants, underwear and socks, and other wearable items such as hats, balaclavas, scarves and neck warmers, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots. For the purposes of the present invention, all of the foregoing, and the like, are intended to be encompassed by the term “apparel”. The heated apparel carries a heater which provides heat when electrical power is supplied to the heater. The heater can include electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically resistive wire) which generates heat when an electrical current is passed through it. The electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically resistive wire) can be attached to, or woven or knit into, the heated apparel (e.g., a glove). 
     The heater controller is interposed between the electrical power supply and the heated apparel. The heater controller comprises control electronics for regulating the electrical power delivered to the heated apparel from the electrical power supply. The heater controller may be carried by a wearable item such as a belt, harness, vest, backpack, waist pack, field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. 
     The electrical power supply may be in the form of a battery or another source of electrical power, e.g., a power generation system. The electrical power supply may be carried by a wearable item such as a belt, harness, vest, backpack, waist pack, field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. Or the electrical power supply may be provided by a vehicle or aircraft, with the electrical power supply being connected to the heater controller via external cabling. 
     Thus it will be seen that, with the novel heated apparel system of the present invention, warming of the one or more portions of the human body is enabled by using electrical power provided by the electrical power supply to energize a heater carried by the heated apparel, with the heater controller controlling operation of the heater so that the amount of heating provided by the heater can maintain a desired temperature at the heater. The ability to warm a given body part, such as a hand, while enabling that body part to remain agile, depends on the capabilities of the heater and the availability of the electrical power to energize the heater. The warming of the body part has many applications. The warming can be used to maintain a level of comfort, and/or to protect the body part from a hostile environment, among many other applications. 
     Significantly, multiple articles of heated apparel may be coupled to a heater controller, e.g., via a “hub and spoke” scheme. 
     And significantly, multiple articles of heated apparel may be “daisy-chained” to one another so that the power for enabling a remote article of heated apparel is supplied through an intervening article of apparel, which may or may not itself constitute an article of heated apparel. By way of example but not limitation, it may be desired to provide only heated gloves, but a shirt could be used as an intervening article of apparel to deliver power to the gloves, with the power being connected at the neck of the shirt and run down the sleeves of the shirt to the gloves via embedded shirt wiring. So the intervening article of apparel can be for power distribution only, or it can be for a combination of power distribution while itself being heated. 
     In one preferred form of the invention, there is provided a heated apparel system comprising:
         at least one article of heated apparel wearable by a user, the at least one article of heated apparel comprising a heater which provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply, wherein the at least one article of heated apparel does not carry the electrical power supply; and   a heater controller wearable by the user, the heater controller being connected to the heater and being connectable to the electrical power supply, the heater controller controlling the electrical power delivered to the heater from the electrical power supply so as to control the heat provided by the heater.       

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a method for warming a portion of the body of a user, the method comprising:
         providing a heated apparel system comprising:
           at least one article of heated apparel wearable by a user, the at least one article of heated apparel comprising a heater which provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply; and   a heater controller wearable by the user, the heater controller being connected to the heater and to the electrical power supply, the heater controller controlling the electrical power delivered to the heater from the electrical power supply so as to control the heat provided by the heater; and   
           using the heater controller to control the electrical power delivered to the heater so as to warm a portion of the body of the user.       

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a heated apparel system comprising:
         at least one article of heated apparel wearable by a user, the at least one article of heated apparel comprising a heater which provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply; and   a heater controller wearable by the user, the heater controller being connected to the heater and being connectable to the electrical power supply, the heater controller controlling the electrical power delivered to the heater from the electrical power supply so as to control the heat provided by the heater;   and further wherein the heater controller is configured to provide a desired constant power level.       

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a heated apparel system comprising:
         at least one article of heated apparel wearable by a user, the at least one article of heated apparel comprising a heater which provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply;   an electrical power supply, wherein the electrical power supply comprises a conformal battery wearable by the user; and   a heater controller wearable by the user, the heater controller being connected to the heater and to the electrical power supply, the heater controller controlling the electrical power delivered to the heater from the electrical power supply so as to control the heat provided by the heater.       

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided an article of heated apparel, the article of heated apparel comprising:
         a body wearable by a user;   a heater carried by the body, wherein the heater provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply; and   a power bus formed integral with the body.       

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided an article of apparel, the article of apparel comprising:
         a body wearable by a user; and   a power bus formed integral with the body, the power bus being configured to power a heater on a different article of apparel.       

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a heated apparel system comprising:
         a first article of heated apparel, the first article of heated apparel comprising:
           a first body wearable by a user;   a first heater carried by the first body, wherein the first heater provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply;   a first power bus formed integral with the first body, the first power bus being connected to the first heater; and   an auxiliary power bus formed integral with the first body; and   
           a second article of heated apparel, the second article of heated apparel comprising:
           a second body wearable by a user;   a second heater carried by the second body, wherein the second heater provides heat when connected to the electrical power supply; and   a second power bus formed integral with the second body, the second power bus being connected to the auxiliary power bus.   
               

     In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a heated apparel system comprising:
         a first article of apparel, the first article of apparel comprising:
           a first body wearable by a user; and   a first power bus formed integral with the first body; and   
           a second article of apparel, the second article of apparel comprising:
           a second body wearable by a user;   a heater carried by the second body, wherein the heater provides heat when connected to an electrical power supply; and   a second power bus formed integral with the second body, the second power bus being connected to the first power bus.   
               

     Various features, aspects, and advantages of various embodiments will become more apparent from the following further description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The following detailed description of certain embodiments may be understood by reference to the following figures wherein like numbers refer to like parts, and further wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view showing a novel heated apparel system formed in accordance with the present invention; 
         FIG. 1A  is a flow diagram for heated apparel (e.g., a glove) coupled to a heater controller and an electrical power supply (e.g., a battery); 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  show a glove with resistive wiring; 
         FIG. 3  shows a glove coupled to a heater controller and an electrical power supply; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a power and data management hub; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram for a heated apparel (e.g., a glove) and power usage scheme; 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram for heated apparel (e.g., a glove) control; 
         FIG. 7  shows heated gloves coupled to a heater controller and an electrical power supply; 
         FIG. 8  is a control system for heated apparel (e.g., a glove) coupled to a heater controller; 
         FIGS. 9 and 10  are schematic views showing different ways for supplying power to multiple articles of heated apparel; 
         FIG. 10A  is a schematic view showing a magneto-mechanically mounted, low-profile, conformal battery for base-layer wearable applications; and 
         FIGS. 11-58  are schematic views showing an exemplary heated apparel system comprising multiple articles of heated apparel with heaters, heater controllers and an electrical power supply. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The Novel Heated Apparel System in General 
     Whether working, recreating or on maneuvers in a cold environment, proper clothing is required to provide warmth and comfort. In fact, proper clothing is so critical to such endeavors that the clothing can easily mean the difference between life and death. The deleterious effects of cold on a human body are well known. Principal among these effects are frostbite and hypothermia. Frostbite can cause damage to exposed tissue, and can easily occur in digits, ears, nose, or any exposed skin. The damaged tissue at a digit can cause difficulty in moving a digit, and in extreme cases, frostbite can lead to the loss of the digit or appendage. Hypothermia can result from the body temperature of a person dropping below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius). Hypothermia can present as uncontrollable shivering, tiredness, clumsiness, slurred speech, etc. Serious injury or death can result. A further risk of cold includes problems with the heart. More particularly, the cold can cause the heart to pump harder as the body attempts to increase warming bloodflow to the torso and appendages. The resulting increases in heart rate and blood pressure can cause a heart attack. Clearly, clothing and gear that protects the body is critical in an environment that can kill. 
     Being cold is a miserable experience. To protect against the cold, people have developed warm garments such as shirts, sweaters and coats, pants, underwear and socks, and other wearable items such as hats, balaclavas, scarves and neck warmers, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots. For the purposes of the present invention, all of the foregoing, and the like, are intended to be encompassed by the term “apparel”. In the past, the basic approach to making apparel warmer was simply to make the apparel heavier and/or to make the apparel out of a more thermally-insulating material. While increased warmth can result, the weight and thickness of the heavier and/or more thermally-insulating material often restricts motion of the arms and legs, and heavy mittens prevent use of the hands beyond simple grasping. In addition, apparel designed to keep one warm while stationary can easily cause profuse sweating when the person is exerting strenuously. Dampness adjacent to skin is particularly dangerous in cold climates because such moisture draws heat away from the very body that the apparel is attempting to keep warm. 
     In order to address the deficiencies associated with prior art apparel, and looking now at  FIG. 1 , the present invention comprises the provision and use of a novel heated apparel system  5  for warming one or more portions of a human body. The novel heated apparel system  5  generally comprises at least one article of heated apparel  10  with a heater  13 , a heater controller  15  and an electrical power supply  30 . 
     The heated apparel  10  may comprise garments such as shirts, sweaters and coats, pants, underwear and socks, and other wearable items such as hats, balaclavas, scarves and neck warmers, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots. For the purposes of the present invention, all of the foregoing, and the like, are intended to be encompassed by the term “apparel”. The heated apparel  10  carries a heater  13  which provides heat when electrical power is supplied to the heater  13 . The heater  13  can include electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically resistive wire  25 ) which generates heat when an electrical current is passed through the electrically-resistive material. The electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically resistive wire  25 ) can be attached to, or knit, woven or embroidered into, or printed or laminated onto, the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove). In the case of a printed ink heater, one heater manifestation could be a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heater which is a self-regulating heater that runs open-loop, without any external controls (i.e., without the need for a heater controller  15 ). 
     The heater controller  15  is interposed between the electrical power supply  30  and the heated apparel  10 . The heater controller  15  comprises control electronics  32  for regulating the electrical power delivered to the heated apparel  10  from the electrical power supply  30 . The heater controller  15  may be carried by a wearable item  35  such as a belt, harness, vest, backpack, waist pack, field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. 
     The electrical power supply  30  may be in the form of a battery or another source of electrical power, e.g., a power generation system. The electrical power supply  30  may be carried by a wearable item such as a belt, harness, vest, backpack, waist pack, a field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. The electrical power supply  30  may be carried by the same wearable item  35  which carries the heater controller  15 , or the electrical power supply  30  may be carried by a different wearable item  35 A. Alternatively, if desired, electrical power supply  30  may be provided by a vehicle (e.g. car, truck, aircraft, etc.), with the electrical power supply  30  being connected to the heater controller  15  via external cabling. 
     Thus it will be seen that, with the novel heated apparel system  5  of the present invention, warming of one or more portions of a human body is enabled by using electrical power provided by the electrical power supply  30  to energize a heater  13  carried by the heated apparel  10 , with the heater controller  15  controlling operation of the heater  13  so that the amount of heating provided by the heater  13  can maintain a desired temperature or level of power at the heater  13 . The ability to warm a given body part, such as a hand, while enabling that body part to remain agile, depends on the capabilities of the heater  13  and the availability of the electrical power to energize the heater  13 . The warming of the body part has many applications. The warming can be used to maintain a level of comfort, and/or to protect the body part from a hostile environment, among many other applications. 
     If desired, heated apparel  10  can comprise one or more sensors  45  for providing information regarding the heating being provided by heated apparel  10 . In this form of the invention, sensors  45  are connected to heater controller  15  so that heater controller  15  can take into account the information provided by sensors  45  while controlling the operation of heater 13. 
     Significantly, multiple articles of heated apparel  10  may be coupled to a heater controller  15 , e.g., via a “hub and spoke” scheme. 
     And significantly, multiple articles of heated apparel  10  may be “daisy-chained” to one another so that the power for enabling a remote article of heated apparel  10  is supplied through an intervening article of apparel, which may or may not itself constitute an article of heated apparel  10 . By way of example but not limitation, it may be desired to provide only heated gloves, but a shirt could be used as an intervening article of apparel to deliver power to the gloves, with the power being connected at the neck of the shirt and run down the sleeves of the shirt to the gloves via embedded shirt wiring. So the intervening article of apparel can be for power distribution only, or it can be for a combination of power distribution while itself being heated. 
     Further details regarding the heated apparel system  5 , its constituent components heated apparel  10 , heater controller  15  and electrical power supply  30 , and their operation, will hereinafter be disclosed. 
     Flow Diagram for a Heated Apparel System Comprising at Least One Article of Heated Apparel with a Heater, a Heater Controller and an Electrical Power Supply 
     As noted above, people wear a variety of types, sizes, shapes, and colors of apparel such as shirts, sweaters and coats, pants, underwear and socks, and other wearable items such as hats, balaclavas, scarves and neck warmers, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots. The particular apparel that a person wears may be dictated by local custom, may be chosen to communicate or convey messages to other people, or may be required based on climate, profession, and so on. In cold or dangerous climates, for example, the apparel that a person wears can be chosen to provide protection against hostile environmental elements. The apparel is donned to keep wind and precipitation away from the body, while at the same time maintaining body heat and dry comfort. Anyone familiar with outdoor activities is aware that a person who becomes overheated and damp from exercising runs a significant risk of hypothermia or frostbite when the activity abates. To allay this problem, fabrics have been developed that purport to keep exterior moisture out while wicking internal moisture away from the body. 
     There is a significant challenge in choosing the “right” apparel. Putting on more and more layers of clothing can indeed assist in retaining body heat, but as additional layers are added, the person wearing the apparel can lose flexibility of limbs, dexterity of fingers, and so on. This loss of flexibility and dexterity can range from a mere inconvenience to an inability to perform critical tasks. The critical tasks can include operating oil rigs in the North Sea or in the Arctic, missions of military personnel in cold or wet environments, etc. 
     To enable the apparel to remain light-weight and warm, novel approaches are disclosed herein for warming one or more portions of a human body. These novel approaches comprise the provision and use of the novel heated apparel system  5 . The novel heated apparel system  5  generally comprises at least one article of heated apparel  10  with a heater  13 , a heater controller  15  and an electrical power supply  30 . The heated apparel  10  may comprise garments such as shirts, sweaters and coats, pants, underwear and socks, and other wearable items such as hats, balaclavas, scarves and neck warmers, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots. For the purposes of the present invention, all of the foregoing, and the like, are intended to be encompassed by the term “apparel”. The heated apparel  10  carries a heater  13  which provides heat when electrical power is supplied to the heater  13 . The heater  13  can include electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically-resistive wire  25 ) which generates heat when an electrical current is passed through the electrically-resistive material. The electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically-resistive wire  25 ) can be attached to, or embroidered, knit or woven into, or printed or laminated onto, the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove). The heater controller  15  is interposed between the electrical power supply  30  and the heated apparel  10 . The heater controller  15  comprises control electronics  32  for regulating the electrical power delivered to the heated apparel  10  from the electrical power supply  30 . The heater controller  15  may be carried by a wearable item  35  such as a belt, harness, vest, backpack, waist pack, field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. The electrical power supply  30  may be in the form of a battery or another source of electrical power, e.g., a power generation system. The electrical power supply  30  may be carried by a wearable item such as a belt, harness, vest, backpack, waist pack, field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. The electrical power supply  30  may be carried by the same wearable item  35  which carries the heater controller  15 , or the electrical power supply  30  may be carried by a different wearable item  35 A. Alternatively, if desired, electrical power supply  30  may be provided by a vehicle (e.g., car, truck, aircraft, etc.), with the electrical power supply  30  being connected to the heater controller  15  via external cabling. Or vehicle or aircraft power may be used to charge the electrical power supply  30 , e.g., where it constitutes a battery. 
       FIG. 1A  is a flow diagram for heated apparel system  5 . The flow  100  includes the step  110  of coupling a heater  13  to heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove) for heating a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body. The heater  13  can be coupled to an interior or exterior surface of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove)using an adhesive, a hook-and-eye retainment fastener, a strap, etc., or the heater  13  can be more permanently embedded into the heated apparel  10  via sewing, knitting or lamination. In general, it is preferred that heater  13  constitute a permanent part of the apparel item. The heater  13  can be inserted into a pouch or pocket of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove). In embodiments, the heater  13  comprises electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically-resistive wire  25 ). The electrically-resistive material can include a cord, thread, or filament. The electrically-resistive material (e.g., electrically-resistive wire  25 ) can be embroidered, knit or woven into the fabric or material from which the heated apparel (e.g., a glove) is made. The electrically-resistive material that comprises the heater  13  can be embroidered, knit or woven into the material of the heated apparel (e.g., a glove) using an origami technique. 
     Heating by the heater  13  is accomplished using electrical power  112  provided by electrical power supply  30 . The electrical power supplied by electrical power supply  30  can include DC power, AC power, pulsed power, and the like. The power can be based on constant voltage, constant current, etc. The electrical power supply  30  can include a power pack, a battery pack (comprising one or more batteries), etc. The electrical power supply  30  can include a power generation system, where the power generation system can be based on movement of the body, solar energy, a fuel cell, etc. 
     The flow  100  includes the step  120  of coupling the heater  13  to a heater controller  15  worn on the human body. The heater controller  15  can be carried by, or included in, a wearable item  35 , e.g., a belt, harness, garment, item of equipment, etc. In embodiments, the heater controller  15  can be carried by or included in a vest. The vest can include a general purpose vest such as an ordinary clothing vest, or a specialty item such as a military vest or flak jacket. In other embodiments, the heater controller  15  can be carried by or included in a backpack. The backpack can include a general purpose backpack such as a backpack for hiking, camping, or climbing, a specialty backpack such as a military equipment pack, etc. In other embodiments, the heater controller  15  can be carried by or included in a field bag or pouch or satchel. 
     The flow  100  further includes the step  130  of controlling power expended by the heater  13 . The step  130  of controlling power expended by the heater  13  can include limiting the voltage or current supplied to the heater  13  so as to protect the heater  13 , optimizing the power expended by the heater  13  so as to maximize battery life, and so on. In embodiments, the step  130  of controlling power expended by the heater  13  can be based on the “health” of the electrical power supply  30 . The “health” of the electrical power supply  30  can include a measurement or estimate of energy remaining within the electrical power supply  30 , the operating temperature of the electrical power supply  30 , etc. 
     The flow  100  further includes the step  132  of monitoring the electrical power supply  30 . As described herein, the step  132  of monitoring the electrical power supply  30  can include measuring voltage, current, or temperature; keeping track of the numbers of hours of usage of the electrical power supply  30 , etc. In a usage example, certain types of batteries can be safely discharged in a particular manner in order to avoid damage to the exhausted or nearly-exhausted battery cells. The electrical power supply  30  can include a conformable/wearable battery. 
     In embodiments, the flow  100  includes the step  134  of controlling the power expended by the heater  13  based upon the monitoring of the electrical power supply  30  (which occurs in the aforementioned step  132 ). Controlling the power expended by the heater  13  can include protecting the heater  13  from over-voltage or under-voltage events, over-current events, and the like. Other embodiments of controlling the power expended by the heater  13  can include controlling the power expended on the heaters  13  of additional articles of heated apparel  10 , various electronic devices, etc. In a usage example, military personnel can carry and use a range of electronic devices, where each device consumes power. The electronic devices can include lighting such as one or more colors of LED lighting, a GPS unit, one or more radios such as land, mobile or team radios, a personnel beacon, night vision equipment, etc. Overall power consumption can be balanced, prioritized, minimized, etc. Power consumption can be reduced by dimming or extinguishing lighting, reducing the transmit power of radios or using a different communication mode, reducing the heating temperature or the timing of the one or more heaters, and so on. Priority can be given to devices such as night vision equipment at night, or to a personnel beacon during a rescue. 
     The flow  100  further includes the step  140  of controlling heating by the heater  13 . Various parameters of the heater  13  can be controlled. The step  140  of controlling heating by the heater  13  can include controlling an operating temperature of the heater  13 , a quantity of joules of heat delivered by the heater  13 , etc. In embodiments, the heating can be based on a temperature measurement on the body (e.g., a hand in the case where the heated apparel  10  comprises a glove). The temperature measurement on the body (e.g., a hand) can be accomplished using a thermistor, an infrared (IR) sensor, etc. (which may be the aforementioned sensor  45 ). The temperature measurement on the body (e.g., a hand) can be used to increase an amount of heat delivered by the heater  13 , to reduce an amount of heat delivered by the heater  13 , to maintain a given amount of heat delivered by the heater  13 , etc. In other embodiments, the step  140  of controlling heating can be based on a temperature measurement on an outside surface of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove). The temperature measurement on the outside of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove) can be measured using a temperature-sensing component, where the temperature that is measured can be used to calculate or estimate a temperature on the body (e.g., a hand), to calculate a delta or differential temperature between the body (e.g., a hand) and the outside surface of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove), etc. The step  140  of controlling heating by the heater  13  can also be based on an amount of time. In embodiments, the heating can be based on required heating duration. The required heating duration can include a day, overnight, the duration of a task or of a mission, etc. In other embodiments, the heating can be further based on the power available from the electrical power supply  30 . The amount of heating can be reduced, the duration of the heating can be scheduled for a period of time, etc. In certain usage situations or requirements, the electrical power supply  30  can be used by one or more devices in addition to the heater  13  carried by the heated apparel  10 . These other devices can include lighting, communications equipment, GPSs, etc. A priority can be determined and assigned to the usage of the devices and the heater  13 . A priority can include favoring communications over light, heat over GPS, or other combinations of devices and usage needs or preferences. 
     Various steps in the flow  100  shown in  FIG. 1A  may be changed in order, repeated, omitted, or the like without departing from the disclosed concepts. Various embodiments of the flow  100  can be included in a computer program product embodied in a non-transitory computer readable medium that includes code executable by one or more processors. 
     Glove with Resistive Wiring 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  show an example of heated apparel  10 , in this case a glove  210  with a heater  13 . Heater  13  can include electrically-resistive wiring  25 , where the electrically-resistive wiring can be used to provide heat when a current is passed through the electrically-resistive wiring. The electrically-resistive wiring  25  of the heater  13  is coupled to a heater controller  15  worn on the human body. 
     Glove  210  can include a dress glove, a work glove, a protective glove, a military glove, etc. In embodiments, the glove can include a mitten, mitt, or other wearable item that can be applied to the hand. Heater  13  can be based on an electrically-resistive material, where the electrically-resistive material can include a resistive wire, a resistive thread, resistive film, etc. By way of example but not limitation, electrically-resistive wire  25  can be applied to the glove  210 . The electrically-resistive wire  25  can be coupled to the inside of the glove  210 , to the outside of the glove  210 , or to both the inside and the outside of the glove  210 . The electrically-resistive wire  25  can be coupled to the glove  210  so that the digits of the hand can receive heat from the heater  13 . The heater  13  can be laid out in a variety of patterns, designs, etc., where the patterns or designs can be chosen to maximize heat transfer, minimize reduction in dexterity, etc. In embodiments, the electrically-resistive wire  25  can be laid out in an origami pattern. The glove  210  can comprise insulation layers to distribute the heat created by the heater  13 . The glove  210  can also comprise a protective layer for durability, especially when the glove is used in hazardous or abrasive work environments. 
     In embodiments, a glove  210  uses a narrow knit “electronic textile” for the heater  13 . The narrow knit “electronic textile” is incorporated into a cut-and-sew manufacturing process. The narrow knit electronic textile can comprise a stainless steel heating fiber (i.e., the electrically-resistive material) coupled to a stretchable fabric. Other electrically-resistive materials can be used such as silver-coated nylon, nitinol, nichrome, etc. In some embodiments, 2D glove pattern pieces are generated individually and then assembled together so as to together form the complete glove. In embodiments, a printed heater (e.g., resistive ink) is applied to the 2D glove pattern pieces. In other embodiments, a 3D knitting process is performed where the glove, with integral heating wires or threads, is knit as a unit. 
     In embodiments, the heater controller  15  for powering glove  210  using electrical power supply  30  comprises control electronics  32  which are electrically connected to glove  210 , e.g., with a power conduit. In embodiments, a peripheral device that is integrated into a larger system leverages some core functions (central power, central electronics) in that system. In embodiments, a base layer garment, with an integral electronic textile power bus, can be used to provide power from a remote location (e.g., a hip, the base of the neck, the back, etc.) to the gloves. The remote location usage can help remove battery bulk from the hands or arms. In other words, the electrical power supply  30 , which is located remote from glove  210 , is connected to the heater controller  15 , and the heater controller  15  is in turn connected to the glove  210  by a power conduit. In some embodiments, the power conduit may be “free-standing” (e.g., a free-standing power cable). In other embodiments, the power conduit extending from heater controller  15  to glove  210  may be integrated into a garment which is worn on the body, with the heater controller  15  being connected to glove  210  via the power conduit which is integrated into the intervening garment. Note that the intervening garment may or may not comprise heated apparel. 
     The heating provided by glove  210  aids in control of local tissue blood flow (i.e., blood perfusion) within the body. 
     It should be appreciated that the foregoing discussion regarding gloves  210  can also apply to other heated apparel. 
     Glove Coupled to Heater Controller 
       FIG. 3  shows an example of heated apparel  10 , in this case a glove  210 , coupled to a heater controller  15 . Heater controller  15  is in turn coupled to the electrical power supply  30 . The heater controller  15  can be carried by, or included in, a wearable item  35 , e.g., a belt, harness, vest, part of a backpack, part of a waist pack, part of a field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. The electrical power supply  30  can be carried by, or included in, the same wearable item  35  or a different wearable item (e.g., the aforementioned wearable item  35 A). The heater controller  15  can enable heated apparel  10  (e.g., glove  210 ) which is coupled to the heater controller  15 . The heater  13 , such as an electrically-resistive wire  25 , can be coupled to glove  210  for warming the hand of a human body. The heating by the heater  13  can be accomplished using electrical power from the electrical power supply  30  (e.g., a battery connected to heater controller  15 ). The heater  13  is coupled to heater controller  15  worn on the human body. In  FIG. 3 , glove  210  is shown coupled to heater controller  15 , and heater controller  15  is shown connected to electrical power supply  30 . The glove  210  can include a dress glove or a fashion glove, a work or specialty glove, a military glove, etc. The glove  210  can include a connection point  312 . The connection point  312  can include a connector, contacts, a coupling, a jack, etc. A connection  314  can be made between glove  210  and heater controller  15 . The connection  314  can include a cable, a multi-conductor wire, a wiring harness, etc. In embodiments, the connection  314  can include snaps, magnetic couplings, etc., and can couple to a device, a garment, etc., without needing an additional fastener. The heater controller  15  can include one or more of management components, etc. In embodiments, the heater controller  15  includes a charge and protect component  322 . The charge and protect component  322  can be used to control voltage and current to charge electrical power supply  30 , to protect electrical power supply  30  from over-voltage or current, over-temperature conditions, etc. The electrical power supply  30  can include a battery  324 . In embodiments, the electrical power supply  30  can include a plurality of batteries  324 . The batteries  324  can include sealed lead acid (SLA) batteries, lithium ion batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, etc. 
     It should also be appreciated that the foregoing discussion regarding gloves  210  can also apply to other heated apparel. 
     Power and Data Management Hub 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a power and data management hub  400  which may be incorporated in the heated apparel system  5 . Power and data management hub  400  can be used to couple a heater  13  of an article of heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ), an electrical power supply  30 , and a variety of devices (e.g., lighting, a GPS system, radio, personnel beacons, night vision equipment, etc.) to the heater controller  15 . In other words, the power and data management hub  400  can serve as a hub between the heater controller  15  and the electrical power supply  30 , the heater  13  on the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ), and other devices (e.g., lighting, a GPS system, radio, personnel beacons, night vision equipment, etc.). The power and data management hub  400  can be used by heater controller  15  to monitor power availability, power usage, operating characteristics and data operating parameters of the electrical power supply  30 , the heater  13  in heated apparel  10 , and the other devices (e.g., lighting, a GPS system, radio, personnel beacons, night vision equipment, etc.). Power and data management hub  400  enables the operation of heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) coupled to a heater controller  15 , where the heated apparel  10  comprises a heater  13  coupled to the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) for heating a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body, where heating by the heater  13  is accomplished using electrical power supplied by the electrical power supply  30  worn on the human body. The power and data management hub  400  can be coupled between heater controller  15 , electrical power supply  30 , one or more heaters  13  of heated apparel  10 , and other devices, etc. As noted above, these other devices can include lighting, communications equipment, GPS, electronic devices such as smartphones or tablets, etc. The power and data management hub  400  can be coupled to the heater controller  15 , electrical power supply  30 , heater  13  of the heated apparel  10 , and such other devices through connectors, e.g., the connectors  420  shown in  FIG. 4 . A connector  420  can comprise a standard 3.5 mm tip-ring-sleeve (TRS) or tip-ring-ring-sleeve (TRRS) connector, a 13 mm (¼″) TRS cable, a military specification (mil-spec) connector such as a MIL-DTL-38999 connector, a magnetic or snap connector, etc. An exposed connector  422  is shown in  FIG. 4 . Unused connectors can be protected by a protective sleeve, cap, cover, etc., such as the cap  430  shown mounted to connector  420  in  FIG. 4 . 
     Block Diagram for a Heated Apparel and Power Usage Scheme 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram for a heated apparel and power usage scheme. As discussed herein, a heater  13  coupled to heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) can provide heating to a portion (e.g., a hand) of the body covered by the heated apparel  10  (e.g., the glove  210 ). In order to efficiently and effectively provide heating to the body (e.g., a hand), power coupled to the heater  13  can be managed and controlled by a heater controller  15  so as to provide appropriate amounts of heat, to maintain comfort of the anatomy (e.g., a hand), etc.  FIG. 5  shows a heated apparel and power usage scheme  500  which supports heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) coupled to a heater controller  15 . By way of example, a heater  13  is coupled to a glove  210  for warming the hand of a human body, where heating by the heater  13  is accomplished using electrical power. This electrical power is provided to the heater  13  by coupling the heater  13  of the glove  210  to a heater controller  15  worn on the human body, with heater controller  15  being connected to the electrical power supply  30 . Heated apparel and power usage scheme  500  controls the power provided to the heater  13  of the glove  210  from electrical power supply  30 . 
     With heated apparel and power usage scheme  500 , a heater controller  15  is used to provide power to a heater  13  coupled to heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ), and to power control and management components. Power management can include regulating power settings to heated apparel  10  (e.g., gloves  210 ) and, in some embodiments, can comprise a DC to DC converter. In some embodiments, an analog control (e.g., a potentiometer) is used to control output voltage going to the heated apparel  10  (e.g., gloves  210 ) and thereby control heating power. A feedback loop can be employed with a control unit that is automatically adjusted. The heater controller  15  can include the charge and protection component  322 . The charge and protection component  322  can be used to charge electrical power supply  30  (e.g., which may comprise one or more batteries  324 ), where charging the one or more batteries  324  can include controlling the voltage, current, or both voltage and current, supplied to the batteries  324 . 
     A control component  520  can be included in the heater controller  15 . The control component  520  can be used to control or charge the electrical power supply  30 , to power and manage one or more heaters  13  of heated apparel  10 , or to power and manage one or more devices (e.g., lighting, communications equipment, GPS, electronic devices such as smartphones or tablets, etc.), etc. The control component  520  can include a step-up power supply  522 . The step-up power supply  522  can be used to convert the voltage obtained from the electrical power supply  30  to a higher voltage where the higher voltage can be used to power one or more heaters  13  of heated apparel  10 . In embodiments, the step-up power supply  522  can be used to step up the voltage from the electrical power supply  30 , e.g., up to 22-24 VDC. The control component  520  can include a step-down power supply  524 . The step-down power supply  524  can be used to convert the voltage obtained from the electrical power supply  30  to a lower voltage. The lower voltage can be used to power one or more digital or other electronic components. In embodiments, the step-down power supply  524  can be used to step down the voltage from the electrical power supply  30 , e.g., down to 3.3 VDC. 
     The control component  520  can include a controller  526 . The controller  526  can include a microcontroller, where the microcontroller can execute software code. The software code can be executed to control the heater controller  15 , e.g., to charge the electrical power supply  30 , control one or more heaters  13  (on heated apparel  10 ), or control a device (e.g., lighting, communications equipment, GPS, electronic devices such as smartphones or tablets, etc.), etc. 
     The control component  520  can include a temperature select component  528 . The temperature select component  528  can be user-operated and can be used by the user to select a temperature comfort zone, a specific temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit, a temperature range such as “high”, “medium”, or “low”, and so on. The temperature select component  528  can provide data to the controller  526 . The control component  520  can include a heater driver  530 . The heater driver  530  can provide a voltage, a current, a frequency, etc., that can be used to energize/control one or more heaters  13  carried by heated apparel  10 . A garment  540  (such as long underwear, a shirt or jacket) can be coupled to the control component  520 . Garment  540  (which may or may not include a heater  13  for heating the body) receives power from heater driver  530 . Garment  540  can include electrical connections and conductors which can be used to provide power from the control component  520  to a downstream heated apparel, e.g., a left glove  210  or a right glove  210 , a left sock or a right sock (not shown), etc. Thus it will be seen that control component  520  can be used to supply power to a “first stage” article of apparel (e.g., garment  540 ), and/or to a “second stage” article of heated apparel 10 (e.g., a left glove  210 , a right glove  210 , etc.) by means of the intervening “first stage” article of apparel (e.g., garment  540 ). Note that the “first stage” article of apparel may or may not be an article of heated apparel. 
     Block Diagram for Heated Apparel Control 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram for heated apparel control. As discussed above, a heater  13  coupled to heated apparel  10  can be used to provide heat to a portion of a human body. The heater  13  can be coupled to various forms of apparel, e.g., a shirt, a sweater or a coat, pants, underwear and socks, or other wearable items such as a hat, a balaclava, a scarf or a neck warmer, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots. Heated apparel  10  (e.g., a heated glove  210 ) coupled to an electrical power supply  30  via a heater controller  15  can be controlled so as to provide an appropriate amount of heat for a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body. A heater  13  is coupled to the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) for heating a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body, where heating by the heater  13  is accomplished using electrical power from electrical power supply  30 . The heater  13  is coupled to a heater controller  15  worn on the human body, and heater controller  15  is coupled to electrical power supply  30 , so that the heater controller  15  regulates the electrical power delivered to the heated apparel  10 . 
     Heated apparel control  600  may be used to regulate the heat provided by heated apparel  10 . Heated apparel control  600  includes temperature or power level selection  610 . Selecting a temperature or power level can include selecting a specific temperature or power level, selecting a range of temperatures or power levels, selecting a high or low temperature or power level cutoff, selecting a range of temperatures or power levels such as high, medium, or low, etc. Temperature or power level selection  610  can be accomplished using buttons, a knob, a slider, a touch screen, etc. Heated apparel control  600  can include a comparator  620 . The comparator  620  can be used to compare the temperature that was selected to an actual temperature as measured by a sensor (e.g., sensor  45  on heated apparel  10 ). The actual temperature can include a heater temperature, a temperature on the human hand, etc. Heated apparel control  600  can include a controlling component  630 . The controlling component  630  can include a microcontroller, where the microcontroller can be coded or programmed to operate the heater  13  coupled to the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ). Heated apparel control  600  can include an output driver  640 . The output driver  640  can be used to provide a voltage, a current, a frequency, etc. to the heater  13 . The heater  13  can be coupled to the heated apparel  10  (e.g., a shirt, a sweater or a coat, pants, underwear and socks, or other wearable items such as a hat, a balaclava, a scarf or a neck warmer, gloves and mittens, and shoes and boots). The heater  13  can provide heat based on the voltage, current, etc., provided to the heater  13  by the output driver  640 . Heated apparel control  600  can include a monitor  660 . The monitor  660  can be used to observe operating or other characteristics, such as operating temperature of the heater  13 , temperature of a portion of the user&#39;s body (e.g., a hand), accuracy of a voltage, current, or frequency from the output driver  640 , etc. Note that monitor  660  may communicate with sensor  45  on heated apparel  10 . The monitor  660  can be coupled to the comparator  620 . By providing feedback data from the heater  13  via the monitor  660  to the comparator  620 , heated apparel control can be accomplished. 
     EXAMPLE: HEATED GLOVES COUPLED TO A HEATER CONTROLLER 
       FIG. 7  shows heated gloves  210  coupled to a heater controller  15  which is in turn coupled to an electrical power supply  30 . The heater controller  15  can be carried by or included in the aforementioned wearable item  35 , e.g., a vest, a backpack, a waist pack, a field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. so that it can be worn by a person. The heater controller  15  can provide power (supplied by electrical power supply  30 ) to a heater  13  carried by heated apparel  10  (e.g., the heated glove  210 ), where the heater  13  comprises an electrically resistive material (e.g., electrically resistive wire  25  ). 
     More particularly, heated gloves  210 , a heater controller  15  and an electrical power supply  30  are shown at  700  in  FIG. 7 . A person  710  can put on a wearable item  35 , e.g., a vest  712  as shown, a backpack (not shown), or other wearable item, e.g., a waist pack, a field bag or pouch or satchel, etc. This wearable item  35 , e.g., vest  712 , can include pockets, straps, snaps, or other fasteners for carrying components that enable heating via the one or more heated gloves  210 . As discussed above, a power and data management hub  400  can be used to enable couplings (e.g., via cabling) between electrical power supply  30  (e.g., a battery  324 ), heater controller  15 , heaters  13  in heated apparel  10 , electronic devices  724  (e.g., lighting, a GPS system, radio, personnel beacons, night vision equipment, etc.), etc. These couplings can be accomplished using a variety of cable management techniques. The electrical power supply  30  can include a conformable/wearable battery  324 . The conformable/wearable battery  324  can include a power source that conforms to the shape of a vest or backpack, to the shape of a person wearing the battery, etc. User controls  726  may be connected (e.g., by cabling  727 ) to power and data management hub  400  so as to enable the user to control the operation of the heater controller  15 . The heater controller  15 , the power and data management hub  400 , the conformable/wearable battery  324 , etc., can be mechanically coupled to the wearable item  35 , e.g., a vest  712  (shown) or a backpack (not shown). The heater controller  15  can be connected to an article of heated apparel  10  (e.g., a heated shirt  730 ) via a connector  740 . This heated apparel  10  (e.g., the heated shirt  730 ) comprises an electrically conductive bus  742  which carries power to heaters  13  carried by the heated shirt  730 , and also comprises an electrically conductive bus  745  which delivers power to heaters  13  carried by other heated apparel  10  (e.g., gloves  210 ) worn by the user. It should be appreciated the electrically conductive bus  742  essentially comprises a 2-conductor bus (one conductor for current delivery and one conductor for current return). The electrically conductive bus  742  can be attached to, embroidered, knit or woven into, or printed or laminated onto, the apparel. And it should be appreciated the electrically conductive bus  745  essentially comprises a 2-conductor bus (one conductor for current delivery and one conductor for current return). The electrically conductive bus  745  can be attached to, embroidered, knit or woven into, or printed or laminated onto, the apparel. In embodiments, these electrically conductive buses  745  connect to connectors  746  at the cuff of a shirt in order to deliver power to heated gloves  210 . Heated gloves  210  can be coupled to the shirt via snap connectors  746 . In embodiments, the heated gloves  210  connect mechanically and electrically to the electrically conductive buses  745  of the wearable item  35  (e.g., the heated shirt  730 ) via snaps. In embodiments, a processor, such as a smartphone or tablet  760 , can control the power or heating of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., gloves  210 ). In embodiments, a cable  765  connects the processor (e.g., smartphone or tablet  760 ) to the heater controller  15  through power and data management hub  400 . 
     In  FIG. 7 , gloves  210  are shown connected to heater controller  15  via an intervening article of heated apparel  10 , i.e., the heated shirt  730 . However, it should be appreciated that, if desired, the intervening article of apparel need not be an article of heated apparel  10 , i.e., it could be an article of apparel which does not carry a heater  13 , provided, however, that the intervening article of apparel carries the connector  740  and electrically conductive buses  745  needed to deliver power to the downstream article of heated apparel (e.g., heated gloves  210 ). 
     Programmable Control System for Heated Apparel Coupled to a Heater Controller 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram showing a programmable control system  800  for heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ). Programmable control system  800  is incorporated in the heater controller  15 . Heating of a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body can be based on providing power from electrical power supply  30  to a heater  13  carried by heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ). The heater controller  15  is interposed between electrical power supply  30  (which can include a power pack or battery pack) and the heater  13  of heated apparel  10 . Heater  13  of heated apparel  10  can be based on a narrow knit electronic textile. The heating provided by the heater  13  can be monitored and controlled by heater controller  15  to provide a selected temperature, an amount of heat, etc. 
     The programmable control system  800  can include an analysis component  810 . The analysis component  810  can include one or more electronic components which can be used to monitor and control heating by a heater  13  coupled to heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ). The analysis component  810  can comprise one or more processors  812 , a memory  814  coupled to the one or more processors  812 , and a display  816 . The display  816  can be configured and disposed to present collected data, analysis, intermediate analysis steps, instructions, algorithms, or heuristics, a thermal signature, heating data, etc. In embodiments, one or more processors  812  are connected to the memory  814 , where the one or more processors  812 , when executing the instructions, which are stored, are configured to control a heater  13  coupled to heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) for a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body, wherein heating by the heater  13  is accomplished using electrical power which is supplied to heater  13  by electrical power supply  30  via the intervening heater controller  15  (which is worn on the human body). 
     The programmable control system  800  can include a management and power data component  820 . The management portion of the management and power data component  820  can include a library of lookup tables, heater characteristics, functions, algorithms, routines, code segments, apps, etc. that can be used for management of the heater  13  carried by the heated apparel  10 . The power data portion of the management and power data component  820  can include the status of a source of electrical power, power dissipation data for the heater  13 , etc. The programmable control system  800  can include a coupling component  830 . The coupling component  830  can act as an interface between a heater  13  of heated apparel  10  and the analysis component  810 . The coupling component  830  can further act as an interface between the heater  13  and heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) for a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body. The coupling component  830  can provide power to a heater  13  within heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ), can capture status data or operating data from the heater  13  carried by the heated apparel  10  (e.g., the glove  210 ), etc. The coupling component  830  can act as an interface between the heater  13  of heated apparel  10  and the heater controller  15 , where the heater controller  15  can be worn on the human body. The coupling of the heater controller  15  to the heater  13  of heated apparel  10  can include enabling or disabling the heater controller  15 , monitoring heater controller status data such as voltage, current, or temperature, etc. 
     The programmable control system  800  can include computer program products (i.e., software) embodied in a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program products comprising code which causes one or more processors to perform the operations of controlling a heater  13  coupled to heated apparel  10  (e.g., a glove  210 ) for a portion (e.g., a hand) of a human body, wherein heating by the heater  13  is accomplished using electrical power, and wherein the electrical power is supplied by a heater controller  15  worn on the human body. 
     Each of the above methods may be executed on one or more processors on one or more computer systems. Embodiments may include various forms of distributed computing, client/server computing, and cloud-based computing. Further, it will be understood that the depicted steps or boxes contained in this disclosure&#39;s flow charts are intended to be solely illustrative and explanatory. The steps may be modified, omitted, repeated, or re-ordered without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Further, each step may contain one or more sub-steps. While the foregoing drawings and description set forth functional aspects of the disclosed systems, no particular implementation or arrangement of software and/or hardware should be inferred from these descriptions unless explicitly stated or otherwise clear from the context. All such arrangements of software and/or hardware are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. 
     The block diagrams and flowchart illustrations depict methods, apparatus, systems, and computer program products. The elements and combinations of elements in the block diagrams and flow diagrams show functions, steps, or groups of steps of the methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products and/or computer-implemented methods. Any and all such functions (generally referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module,” or “system”) may be implemented by computer program instructions, by special-purpose hardware-based computer systems, by combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions, by combinations of general purpose hardware and computer instructions, and so on. 
     A programmable apparatus which executes any of the above-mentioned computer program products or computer-implemented methods may include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, embedded microcontrollers, programmable digital signal processors, programmable devices, programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, memory devices, application specific integrated circuits, etc. Each may be suitably employed or configured to process computer program instructions, execute computer logic, store computer data, etc. 
     It will be understood that a computer may include a computer program product from a computer-readable storage medium and that this medium may be internal or external, removable and replaceable, or fixed. In addition, a computer may include a Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), firmware, an operating system, a database, or the like that may include, interface with, or support the software and hardware described herein. 
     Embodiments of the present invention are neither limited to conventional computer applications nor the programmable apparatus that run them. To illustrate: the embodiments of the presently claimed invention could include an optical computer, quantum computer, analog computer, etc. A computer program may be loaded onto a computer to produce a particular machine that may perform any and all of the depicted functions. This particular machine provides a means for carrying out any and all of the depicted functions. 
     Any combination of one or more computer readable media may be utilized including but not limited to: a non-transitory computer readable medium for storage; an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor computer readable storage medium or any suitable combination of the foregoing; a portable computer diskette; a hard disk; a random access memory (RAM); a read-only memory (ROM); an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, Flash, MRAM, FeRAM, or phase change memory); an optical fiber; a portable compact disc; an optical storage device; a magnetic storage device; or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     It will be appreciated that computer program instructions may include computer executable code. A variety of languages for expressing computer program instructions may include, without limitation, C, C++, Java, JavaScript™, ActionScript™, assembly language, Lisp, Perl, Tcl, Python, Ruby, hardware description languages, database programming languages, functional programming languages, imperative programming languages, etc. In embodiments, computer program instructions may be stored, compiled, or interpreted to run on a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, a heterogeneous combination of processors or processor architectures, etc. Without limitation, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of web-based computer software, which includes client/server software, software-as-a-service, peer-to-peer software, etc. 
     In embodiments, a computer may enable execution of computer program instructions including multiple programs or threads. The multiple programs or threads may be processed approximately simultaneously to enhance utilization of the processor and to facilitate substantially simultaneous functions. By way of implementation, any and all methods, program codes, program instructions, and the like described herein may be implemented in one or more threads which may in turn spawn other threads, which may themselves have priorities associated with them. In some embodiments, a computer may process these threads based on priority or other order. 
     Unless explicitly stated or otherwise clear from the context, the verbs “execute” and “process” may be used interchangeably to indicate execute, process, interpret, compile, assemble, link, load, or a combination of the foregoing. Therefore, embodiments that execute or process computer program instructions, computer-executable code, or the like may act upon the instructions or code in any and all of the ways described. Further, the method steps shown are intended to include any suitable method for causing one or more parties or entities to perform the steps. The parties performing a step, or portion of a step, need not be located within a particular geographic location or country boundary. For instance, if an entity located within the United States causes a method step, or portion thereof, to be performed outside of the United States, then the method is considered to be performed in the United States by virtue of the causal entity. 
     Supplying Constant Power to a Given Heater  13   
     In the preferred form of the invention, heater controller  15  is configured to supply constant power to a given heater  13 . 
     More particularly, in prior art heated apparel systems, the heating element of the heated apparel is connected directly to a battery. As that battery loses energy, the voltage drops, which in turn reduces the power output of the battery, and hence reduces the power which is delivered to the heating element of the heated apparel. 
     In contrast, in the preferred form of the present invention, heater controller  15  is configured to supply constant power to a given heater  13 . This approach allows for changes in heating element resistance, both over manufacturing process variation and in changes over time and temperature, and allows for changes in battery energy. The constant power supply is based on the concept that power, P, is related to current, I, and voltage, V, by the equation: 
     
       
         
           
             P 
             = 
             
               I 
               * 
               
                 V 
                 . 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Heater controller  15  is configured so that voltage is adjusted in the circuitry to provide the correct current, such that the resulting power sent to a given heater  13  remains constant. 
     USB Power Delivery (PD) 
     As discussed above, with the present invention, power is delivered from electrical power supply  30 , through the heater controller  15 , to one or more articles of heated apparel  10 . As also discussed above, this power is delivered using cabling which extends from electrical power supply  30  to heater controller  15 , and from heater controller  15  to the one or more articles of heated apparel  10 . 
     If desired, power may be delivered from electrical power supply  30  to heater controller  15  using a USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme, and/or power may be delivered from heater controller  15  to the one or more articles of heated apparel  10  using a USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme. With a USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme, heaters  13  of various articles of heated apparel  10  would be able to negotiate their needed voltage, up to 20 Volts DC. By leveraging USB PD&#39;s higher available voltage supplies, much lower current is required while still providing desirable power levels. For example, to allow a heater  13  to dissipate 20 watts of power, at 20 volts it will only need to draw 1 amp of current. For this same heater  13  to dissipate 20 watts of power from a 5 volt bus will require 4 amps of current. This higher current is not supported by most USB hubs, and even if it were, the higher current would necessitate the use of much larger cables/wires to carry the current efficiently. Likewise, for example, to cascade 6 heaters  13  at 5 volts drawing 4 amps each would require 24 amps of current on one cable, which would require a large cable. Leveraging USB PD&#39;s higher voltage provides a substantial advantage for powering and controlling a distributed heater system. 
     Connecting Multiple Articles of Heated Apparel to the Heater Controller 
     (i) “Hub and Spoke” USB Power Delivery (PD) Scheme 
     In the system architecture discussed above, articles of heated apparel  10  are connected to heater controller  15  through a power and data management hub  400 . This is essentially a “hub and spoke” system. It will be appreciated that such a “hub and spoke” system can be implemented using a variety of power distribution schemes, including a USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme. More particularly, and looking now at  FIG. 9 , when a USB power and data management hub  400  is connected to each heater  13  of the various articles of heated apparel  10 , the USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme is essentially a “hub and spoke” configuration. The advantage of this approach is that each port on the USB power and data management hub  400  only has to provide power/current to a single heater  13 , thereby allowing for smaller/lighter circuitry/cables/wires. The heaters  13  themselves are a bit less electrically complicated since they do not each require their own 2-port USB hub (as would be required if the heaters  13  were to be configured in a USB “daisy-chain” configuration, see below). Additionally, because a single USB hub may have 8 ports by itself, when several USB hubs are cascaded so as to form a power and data management hub  400 , they allow for many more heaters  13  to be interfaced, theoretically as many as  127 . 
     (ii) “Daisy-Chained”/Cascaded 2-Port USB Power Delivery (PD) Scheme 
     It should be appreciated that a “daisy-chained”/cascaded system can be implemented using a USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme. More particularly, and looking now at  FIG. 10 , when a USB power and data management hub  400  is connected to various articles of heated apparel  10 , where each article of heated apparel  10  comprises a USB port  901  connected to a heater  13 , the USB Power Delivery (PD) scheme is essentially a “daisy-chained”/cascaded scheme. This approach allows several separate heaters  13  to be connected in series to one another while retaining the ability to independently control the settings of each heater  13  using the computer (e.g., smartphone or tablet  760 ) that is controlling the main USB hub. The advantage of this approach is the ability to simply cascade an additional article of heated apparel  10  off an existing article of heated apparel  10  (for instance, heated gloves  210  cascaded off of a heated shirt), without requiring the use of an additional port on the main USB hub  400  (leaving such ports free for other devices). The disadvantage of this approach may be that because the heaters  13  are cascading off of a single port, this port and its associated circuitry/cable/wiring needs to be of sufficient size to carry all of the current for all of the heaters  13 . Also, USB architecture limits the number of hubs that can be cascaded (i.e., to 6 hubs beyond the USB host controller/computer), thus limiting how many heaters  13  may ultimately be implemented as each heater  13  has its own 2-port hub. 
     Magneto-Mechanically Mounted, Low-Profile, Conformal Battery for Base-Layer Wearable Applications 
     Wearable electronic systems are in some measure limited in their application due to the difficulties in providing sufficient battery capacity for high power and/or long duration activities. Conventional batteries and their connectors and cables do not generally lend themselves to mounting on the human body in such a way as to limit negative effects on human performance. Bulky batteries stand too proud, causing snag and comfort concerns. Heavy cables and bulky connectors prove difficult to integrate with low-profile, fabric-based clothing, requiring unsightly pockets, additional layers or other undesirable solutions. A flexible, conformal, low-profile battery is proposed which addresses these current battery pack limitations and offers some additional tangential benefits. 
     One or more individual low-profile prismatic or other shaped battery cells form the basis for a battery pack. When multiple cells are used, they may be electrically combined in series and parallel combinations to create the desired pack power characteristics. The battery uses a high strength magnetic connector for easy, almost effortless electrical and mechanical connection with heated apparel system  5 . The individual cells of the battery are arranged such that a space is maintained between them in order to allow an array of cells to bend and fold without colliding and interfering with each other. The cells may be bonded or otherwise attached to a substrate in order to hold and organize the cells in a specific desirable shape and also to prevent the cells from relative motion which may induce stress fracturing of the electrical connections between the cells. Co-located, within the space between the cells, magnet elements are fixed in such a way as to provide attraction to coincidentally-placed magnet elements located on a wearable garment. For individual cell protection and as a means for mechanically interlocking and/or keying with a garment, an impact-resistant and tear-resistant material is formed around the individual cells, and also formed over and/or around the magnet elements. This flexible and segmented battery pack is shaped to nest tightly and flexibly with a similar, but inverse-shaped, dock structure stitched or otherwise fused to a garment. This dock structure includes the coincidentally-located magnets for pulling the pack towards the dock structure, forcing the nesting engagement and keying of the battery pack and dock. It can be thought of as in the manner of how a waffle sits in a waffle tray, or a chocolate bar sits in its mold, etc. The arrayed magnets hold the pack to the dock, while both together are able to flex with the garment as worn by an active end user. The keyed “waffle” like elements provide lateral stability and reduce the shear loads that the magnets must resist. From a fashion and aesthetic perspective, the shape of the overmolded battery cell elements may be varied and arranged to form pleasing arrays. In addition, the overmolded battery elements may work in concert with other similar shaped and molded components to act as impact protection for the end user. In this case, the overmold material may be chosen for having impact-resistant characteristics such as foam structure or low durometer, etc. 
       FIG. 10A  shows one exemplary version of a magneto-mechanically mounted, low-profile, conformal battery  920 . Conformal battery  920  generally comprises a battery base  925  and a battery pack  930 . 
     Battery base  925  comprises a flexible substrate  935 . Flexible substrate  935  is secured to wearable item  35  (e.g., a backpack, vest, etc.). Flexible substrate  935  is formed out of a flexible material so that battery base  925  can generally conform to the shape of the wearable item  35 . Recesses  940  are formed in flexible substrate  935 . Magnets  945  and electronics  950  are attached to flexible substrate  935 . Electronics  950  are connected to heater controller  15  (not shown in  FIG. 10A ). 
     Battery pack  930  comprises a flexible substrate  955 . Battery cells  960 , magnets  965  and a magnetically-coupled connector  968  are attached to flexible substrate  955 . 
     In use, battery pack  930  is seated in battery base  925 , with battery cells  960  seating in recesses  940 , magnetically-coupled connector  968  connecting to electronics  950 , and magnets  945 ,  965  holding the assembly together. 
     Preferably, molded foam cushions  969  are secured to wearable item  35  on either side of battery base  925 . 
     Heated Apparel System Comprising Multiple Articles Of Heated Apparel With Heaters, Heater Controllers And An Electrical Power Supply 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  show an exemplary heated apparel system  5  comprising multiple articles of heated apparel  10  with heaters  13 , a heater controller  15  and an electrical power supply  30 . In this exemplary heated apparel system  5 , the articles of heated apparel  10  comprise a heated shirt  730 , heated gloves  210 , heated underwear  970 , unheated pants  975 , heated insoles  980 , etc. All of the articles of heated apparel  10  comprise heaters  13  which are powered by heater controller  15  (either directly or indirectly), with heater controller  15  receiving its power from electrical power supply  30 . Some of the articles of heated apparel  10  (e.g., the heated shirt  730  and the heated underwear  970 ) take their power directly from heater controller  15 ; other articles of the heated apparel  10  (e.g., heated gloves  210  and heated insoles  980 ) take their power from powered articles of apparel (e.g., the heated shirt  730  and the unheated pants  975 ). For purposes of the present description, the articles of apparel which pass power to other articles of apparel may sometimes be referred to as “power conducting etextiles”. Power conducting etextiles comprise the aforementioned electrically conductive buses  745  which deliver power to heaters  13  carried by other heated apparel  10  (e.g., gloves  210 ) worn by the user. Heater controller  15  may be controlled by user controls  726 . In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 , a heater controller  15 A is provided for the upper body apparel (e.g., heated shirt  730  and heated gloves  210 ) and a heater controller  15 B is provided for the lower body apparel (e.g., heated underwear  970 , unheated pants  975  and heated insoles  980 ). In this form of the invention, user controls  726 A are provided for heater controller  15 A for controlling the upper body apparel and user controls  726 B are provided for heater controller  15 B for controlling the lower body apparel. And in this form of the invention, heater controller  15 A is connected to the upper body apparel via a connector  740 A and heater controller  15 B is connected to the lower body apparel via a connector  740 B. 
       FIGS. 13-16  provide further details regarding user controls  726 A and  726 B. These user controls remote the control of the system from the heater controllers  15 A,  15 B, which in this configuration are back-mounted, and allow the user to control heat ON/OFF, as well as the levels of heat, which for this exemplary system are LOW/MED/HIGH. User controls  726 A,  726 B have a push button switch and provide feedback to the user as to the state of the system state—ON or OFF and level of heat—with tactile (vibratory) pulses. Note that user controls  726 A,  726 B may be replaced by a smartphone running an app, which would provide the user with a combination of buttons and/or slide bars to select zones and heat levels. Additionally, the user controls  726 A,  726 B have a feature which allows them to be mounted anywhere on a user&#39;s vest. 
       FIGS. 17-19  provide further details regarding the construction of “power conducting etextiles”. The power conducting etextiles use electrically conductive buses  742  to deliver power to heaters  13  carried by that apparel and/or electrically conductive buses  745  which deliver power to heaters  13  carried by other heated apparel  10  (e.g., gloves  210 ) worn by the user. This etextile is manufactured on a standard CNC knitting machine which can control the pattern in which the wire is laid. 
       FIGS. 20-22  provide further details regarding the connection of heated gloves  210  to heated shirt  730 . The medical grade snaps  746  create a low-cost, low-profile, user-friendly, easily connected and disconnected connection between the power conducting etextiles (of the heated shirt  730  or unheated pants  775 ) to the peripheral heated garment (e.g., heated gloves  210 , heated underwear  970 , heated insoles  980 ). 
       FIGS. 23-26  provide further details regarding heated gloves  210 . Using a computer-controlled knitting process, a resistive yarn is knitted into a narrow elastic band. This yarn can be, for example, stranded stainless steel or silver coated nylon, and can be made of different thicknesses or made from multiple strands to customize their electrical properties, such as resistance. Additionally, the resistance per foot of the knitted narrow band can be further modified by varying the pitch and amplitude of the wave pattern in which the resistive yarn is laid into the narrow band. Because resistance of the heater  13  is a critical parameter for the heat output of the system, being able to tailor the resistance of the heater  13  is critical to the design and manufacture of the system. Resistive yarns in a knitted elastic band is only one of the potential ways to form heater  13 . Others include: Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) ink-based heater panels, embroidered resistive yarns, liquid metal inks, etc. 
       FIGS. 27-29  provide further details regarding heated underwear  970 . 
       FIG. 30  provides further details regarding heated insoles  980 . The heated insoles  980  are preferably made by laser cutting a pathway into a rubber-like substrate (neoprene sheet) and installing the etextile heater  13  into the pathway and covering the top and bottom with a fabric substrate. This embeds the heater  13  into a substrate of similar thickness to keep the surface as flat as possible to reduce any irritation inside the shoe/boot. The pathway for the heater  13  can be positioned anywhere that heat is wanted. The heater  13  is run up the tether to the snap connection  746 . 
       FIGS. 31-33  provide further details regarding the connection of unheated pants  975  to heated insoles  980 . The power bus  745  to heated insole connection  746  is analogous to the power bus  745  to heated glove connection  746 . 
       FIGS. 34 and 35  provide further details regarding the connection of the heated underwear  970  to the unheated pants  975 . 
       FIGS. 36-38  provide further details regarding the front heater  13  of heated shirt  730 . The pattern for the heater  13 , which is made up of the etextile heating element  25  affixed to a fabric substrate and the connection point  740  out to the heater controller  15 A, is determined based on the design of the garment into which it will be installed and the location of where the heat is to be delivered. Even though it is shown as a front torso heater in  FIGS. 36-38  and a back torso heater in  FIGS. 43 and 44  (see below), in the current design the heater  13  for heated shirt  730  is all one construction. 
       FIGS. 39-42  provide further details regarding the user controls  726 A for controlling the upper body heated apparel. As described above, the user control  726 A remotes the control of the system from the heater controller  15 A, which in this configuration is back-mounted, allowing the user to control ON/OFF, as well as the levels of heat. The user controls  726 A,  726 B are front-mounted to make access easy for the user, but this means that cables  727  need to be routed to the back-mounted heater controller  15 A, and it is important to bury the cables  727  to minimize snag hazards. A 2-prong connector port  740  (which uses stereo jack connectors) is integrated into the upper center back of the heated shirt  730 . This connects, as part of the heater  13  that is integrated into the heated shirt  730 , to both the shirt-integrated heater  13  and the power bus  745  which extends down to the glove connectors  746 . The 2-prong connector  740  on the user control  726 A (for the upper body heater controller  15 A) plugs into this port. 
       FIGS. 43 and 44  provide further details regarding the back heater  13  of heated shirt  730 . The pattern for the heater  13 , is made up of the etextile heating element  25  affixed to a fabric substrate and the connection point  740  out to the heater controller  15 A, is determined based on the design of the garment into which it will be installed and the location of where the heat is to be delivered. Even though it is shown as a front torso heater in  FIGS. 36-38  (see above) and a back torso heater in  FIGS. 43 and 44 , in the current design heater  13  for heated shirt  730  is all one construction. 
       FIGS. 45-47  provide further details regarding the pouch of wearable item  35 . The pouch of wearable item  35  is designed to tightly integrate the electrical modules (heater controller  15  and user controls  726 ) into the soldier vest. Instead of a wearable battery  324 , electrical power supply  30  can be replaced by a cable to connect to an alternative power source such as vehicle or cockpit power. 
       FIGS. 48 and 49  provide further details regarding the user controls  726 B for controlling the lower body heated apparel. A 2-prong connector port  740  (which uses stereo jack connectors) is integrated into the upper center back of the unheated pants  975 . This connects, as part of the heater  13  that is integrated into the heated shirt  730 , to both the connection point from the unheated pants  975  through the heated shirt  730  to the heated underwear  970  and the power bus  745  down to the insole connectors  746 . The 2-prong connector  740  on the lower body user controls  726 B (above) plugs into this port. 
       FIGS. 50-53  provide further details regarding the connection of the heated underwear  970  to the unheated pants  975 . To connect from the outside of the unheated pants  975  through to the heated underwear  970  when wearing a tucked-in shirt  730 , there is provided an electrical connection pass through in the bottom portion of the shirt  730  which has snap connections  746  for both the electrically conductive buses  745  of the unheated pants  975  and the electrically conductive buses  742  of the heated underwear  970 . 
       FIGS. 54-56  provide further details regarding electrical power supply  30 . The system can be operated using a wearable battery  324  (as shown above) being inserted into the pouch of the wearable item  35  or from a remote (off body) source using a cable. 
       FIGS. 57 and 58  provide further details regarding the heater controller  15 . The heater controllers  15 A,  15 B control the battery voltage based on power levels selected using the user controls  726 A,  726 B. In this case heater controllers  15 A,  15 B are mounted on the back because they do not have any user interface. The power control is remoted (to the front of the vest) in the form of the user controls  726 A,  726 B. 
     Modifications 
     While the invention has been disclosed in connection with preferred embodiments shown and described in detail, various modifications and improvements thereon will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing examples should not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention; rather it should be understood in the broadest sense allowable by law.