Patent Publication Number: US-2005142324-A1

Title: Method of testing an information recording medium and an information recording medium testing apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      1. Field of the Invention  
      The present invention relates to a method of testing an information recording medium and an information recording medium testing apparatus that test whether an information recording medium capable of high density recording is defective or non-defective.  
      2. Description of the Related Art  
      In recent years, optical recording media as represented by CDs (Compact Discs) and DVDs (Digital Versatile Discs) have been widely used as large capacity recording media for recording digital data. Out of such discs, playback-only types of CDs (i.e., CD-ROMs) on which data cannot be written or rewritten are constructed by laminating a reflective layer and a protective layer on a light-transmitting substrate that is around 1.2 mm thick. For CDs of this type, data is reproduced by emitting a laser beam with a wavelength of around 780 nm toward the reflective layer from the light transmitting substrate side. On the other hand, CDs of a recordable-type CD (CD-R) on which data can be recorded and a rewritable-type (CD-RW) on which data can be rewritten are constructed with a recording layer formed between the light transmitting substrate and the reflective layer. For these types of CDs, data is recorded and reproduced by emitting a laser beam with a wavelength of around 780 nm toward the recording layer from the light transmitting substrate side. Here, when emitting a laser beam toward the CDs of the above types, an objective lens with a numerical aperture of around 0.45 is used to focus the laser beam. By doing so, a laser beam is focused with a beam spot diameter of around 1.6 μm on the reflective layer or recording layer of these CDs, so that a recording capacity of around 700 MB and a high-speed data transfer rate (around 1 Mbps at the standard (1×) linear velocity (around 1.2 m/sec)) are achieved.  
      On the other hand, playback-only types of DVDs (i.e., DVD-ROMs on which data cannot be recorded or rewritten) are constructed by bonding together a multilayer structure, where a reflective layer and a protective layer are laminated on a light transmitting substrate that is around 0.6 mm thick, and a dummy substrate via a bonding layer. On this type of DVD, the reproduction of data is carried out by emitting a laser beam with a wavelength of around 635 nm toward the reflective layer from the light transmitting substrate side. Also, DVDs on which data can be recorded (DVD-R and the like) and DVDs on which data can be rewritten (DVD-RW and the like) are constructed with a recording layer formed between the light transmitting substrate and the reflective layer. For these types of DVDs, the recording and reproduction of data is carried out by emitting a laser beam with a wavelength of around 635 nm toward the recording layer from the light transmitting substrate side. When emitting a laser beam onto the above types of DVDs, an objective lens with a numerical aperture of around 0.6 is used to focus the laser beam. By doing so, a laser beam is focused with a beam spot diameter of around 0.93 μm on the reflective layer or recording layer of these DVDs, so that compared to CDs, a smaller beam spot diameter is realized. Also, when recording and reproducing a DVD, a laser beam with a shorter wavelength is used compared to when recording and reproducing a CD, and combined with the reduced diameter of the beam spot, a recording capacity of around 4.7 GB per side and a high-speed data transfer rate (around 11 Mbps at the standard (1×) linear velocity (around 3.5 m/sec)) are achieved for a DVD.  
      Also, in recent years, an optical recording medium that can realize a data recording capacity and a data transfer rate both in excess of DVDs has been proposed (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-168248). For this kind of next-generation optical recording medium, to achieve an even higher recording capacity, a laser beam with a wavelength of around 405 nm and an objective lens with a numerical aperture of around 0.85 are used. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the beam spot diameter of a laser beam to around 0.43 μm and therefore achieve a recording capacity of around 25 GB per side and a high-speed data transfer rate (around 36 Mbps at the standard (1×) linear velocity (around 5.7 m/sec)).  
      For this next-generation optical recording medium, since an objective lens with an extremely high numerical aperture is used, the occurrence of coma aberration is suppressed and a sufficient tilt margin is realized, so that the thickness of the light transmitting layer that forms the optical path for the laser beam is set so as to be extremely slim at 200 μm or below (as one example, around 100 μm). However, when recording or reproducing data, a laser beam with a short wavelength is emitted from an objective lens with a large numerical aperture, the beam spot on the incident surface of the optical recording medium is reduced as described above, so that dirt adhering to the incident surface, and in particular fingerprints have an increased effect on the signal characteristics of a reproduction signal. For an optical recording medium, such as the next generation optical recording medium described above, whose light transmitting layer that is the optical path for the laser beam is extremely thin, the beam spot diameter on the incident surface is much smaller and the effect of adhering fingerprints on the signal characteristics becomes extremely large. This kind of problem is extremely serious for optical recording media that are normally used as bare discs that are not housed in a cartridge or the like. Accordingly, by applying fake fingerprints (artificial fingerprints) that are artificially formed on an optical recording medium and testing the fingerprint adherence characteristics, the present applicant has developed an optical recording medium on which it is difficult for fingerprints to adhere and from which adhering fingerprints can be easily removed (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-168248).  
      While developing the optical recording medium described above on which it is difficult for fingerprints to adhere, the present applicant also believes that an optical recording medium for which there is no reduction in the reliability of the recording and reproduction of data when fingerprints adhere to the incident surface should be developed. More specifically, even if an optical recording medium on which it is difficult for fingerprints to adhere can be developed, for an optical recording medium used as a bare disc, for example, it is extremely difficult to completely prevent fingerprints and the like from adhering to the optical recording medium. For this reason, in view of the reliability of products in the actual environment in which the products are used, it is believed that optical recording media for which fingerprints adhering to the incident surface have a large effect on the signal characteristics should be rejected as substandard products and not distributed to the market. Accordingly, it is necessary to grasp the effects of the presence of adhering fingerprints on the reproduction characteristics and the recording characteristics for data and to test whether optical recording media (information recording media) are defective or non-defective.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of testing an information recording medium and an information recording medium testing apparatus that test an information recording medium based on the effects on signal characteristics of fingerprints attached to an incident surface.  
      A method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention includes a step of attaching an artificial fingerprint to an incident surface of an information recording medium, a step of reproducing a signal recorded in an attached region to which the artificial fingerprint has been attached, and a step of judging whether the information recording medium is defective or non-defective based on a signal quality of the reproduced signal. It should be noted that an “information recording medium” for the present invention includes not only optical recording media such as CDs and DVDs but also magneto-optical recording media such as MOs.  
      According to the above method of testing an information recording medium, by carrying out the step of attaching an artificial fingerprint to the incident surface, the step of reproducing a signal recorded in the attached region, and the step of judging whether the information recording medium is defective or non-defective based on the signal quality of the reproduced signal, it is possible to judge whether the information recording medium is defective or non-defective based on whether the signal quality of the reproduced signal exceeds a standard value when an artificial fingerprint has been attached to the incident surface. Accordingly, information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduced signal remarkably deteriorates due to fingerprints adhering to the incident surface can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided. By doing so, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the reliability of information recording media that are to be used as bare discs in particular.  
      In the method of testing an information recording medium described above, the step of judging may judge whether the information recording medium is defective or non-defective based on an error rate as the signal quality. By doing so, it is possible to directly compare the effects of fingerprints attached to the incident surface  13   a  on the reproduction signal.  
      Also, the method of testing an information recording medium described above may carry out, before the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint, a step of recording the signal in at least the attached region. By doing so, it is possible to directly evaluate the effect on the reproduction characteristics of fingerprints attached to the incident surface.  
      In the method of testing an information recording medium described above, after the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint has been carried out, a step of recording the signal in at least the attached region may be carried out. By doing so, it is possible to carry out testing with consideration to the effects of fingerprints attached to the incident surface on not only the reproduction characteristics but also on the recording characteristics.  
      Also, the method of testing an information recording medium described above may carry out, as the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint, at least a first substep of pressing a transfer member onto an artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member, which has been impregnated with artificial fingerprint liquid or to which artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached, to attach the artificial fingerprint liquid to the transfer member and a second substep of pressing the transfer member, onto which the artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached, onto the incident surface of the information recording medium. By doing so, it is possible to form (transfer) the artificial fingerprint onto the incident surface using a comparatively simple method.  
      In the method of testing an information recording medium described above, when testing a plurality of information recording media, a pressing pressure of the transfer member on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member may be kept constant in the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint. By doing so, it is possible to attach a fixed amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid onto the transfer member, so that the artificial fingerprint liquid can be attached to respective information recording media under the same conditions when testing a plurality of information recording media. Accordingly, since the amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface, which is closely related to the signal quality (the error rate or the like), changes in accordance with the fingerprint attachment characteristics of the respective information recording media, it is possible to appropriately judge whether the respective information recording media are defective or non-defective.  
      In addition, in the method of testing an information recording medium described above, when testing a plurality of information recording media, a pressing pressure of the transfer member on the incident surface is kept constant in the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint. By doing so, when testing a plurality of information recording media, the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface, which is closely related to the signal quality (the error rate or the like) during testing, changes in accordance with the fingerprint attachment characteristics of the respective information recording media, so that it is possible to appropriately judge whether the respective information recording media are defective or non-defective.  
      Also, in the method of testing an information recording medium described above, an amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid impregnated in or attached to the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member may be kept at a predetermined amount. By doing so, since it is possible to apply a constant amount of artificial fingerprint liquid to the transfer member, when testing a plurality of information recording media, it is possible to apply the artificial fingerprint liquid under the same conditions to the respective information recording media. Accordingly, since the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface, which is closely related to the signal quality (the error rate or the like), changes in accordance with the fingerprint attachment characteristics of the respective information recording media, it is possible to appropriately judge whether the respective information recording media are defective or non-defective.  
      In the method of testing an information recording medium described above, the step of reproducing the signal may be carried out in an environment that satisfies a condition where λ/NA is 640 nm or below where λ is a wavelength of a laser beam used to reproduce the signal and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens for focusing the laser beam. By doing so, out of information recording media that have a premise of being used in such an environment (information recording media where the beam spot of the laser beam on the incident surface is extremely small and the effect of attached fingerprints on the signal characteristics is large), information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to fingerprints adhering to the incident surface can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided.  
      In the method of testing an information recording medium described above, an information recording medium whose light transmitting layer is no thicker than 200 μm is tested. By doing so, out of information recording media that have a premise of being used in this kind of environment (information recording media where the beam spot of the laser beam on the incident surface is extremely small and the effect of attached fingerprints on the signal characteristics is large), information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to adhering fingerprints can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided.  
      In addition, for the method of testing an information recording medium described above, the information recording medium that is tested may be constructed for use as a bare disc. By doing so, out of information recording media that have a premise of being used in an environment where the medium is not enclosed in a cartridge or the like which makes it easy for the medium to become marked with fingerprints, information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to adhering fingerprints can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided.  
      An information recording medium testing apparatus, according to the present invention includes: a fingerprint attaching unit that attaches an artificial fingerprint onto an incident surface of an information recording medium; a signal reproducing unit that reproduces a signal recorded in an attached region to which the artificial fingerprint has been attached; and a judging unit that judges whether the information recording medium is defective or non-defective based on a signal quality of the reproduced signal.  
      According to the information recording medium testing apparatus described above, by including a fingerprint attaching unit, a signal reproducing unit, and a judging unit, it is possible to judge whether an information recording medium is defective or non-defective based on the signal quality of a reproduction signal when an artificial fingerprint has been attached to an incident surface. Accordingly, information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to adhering fingerprints can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided. By doing so, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the reliability of information recording media that are to be used as bare discs in particular.  
      It should be noted that the disclosure of the present invention relates to a content of Japanese Patent Application 2003-411140 that was filed on 10 Dec. 2003 and the entire content of which is herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      These and other objects and features of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:  
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing the construction of an information recording medium testing apparatus;  
       FIG. 2  is a flowchart for a defective/non-defective judging process as one example of a method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention;  
       FIG. 3  is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the construction of an optical recording medium as one example of a tested object;  
       FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view in which a part A in  FIG. 3  is enlarged;  
       FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional partial view showing the multilayer structure of an optical recording medium that is another example of a tested object;  
       FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional partial view showing the multilayer structure of an optical recording medium that is yet another example of a tested object;  
       FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional partial view showing the multilayer structure of an optical recording medium that is yet another example of a tested object;  
       FIG. 8  is a diagram showing a state where a transfer member is pressed onto an artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member on which artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached;  
       FIG. 9  is a diagram showing a state where the transfer member on which the artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached is pressed onto the incident surface of the respective optical recording media shown in  FIGS. 3, 5 ,  6 , and  7  that are tested objects;  
       FIG. 10  is a flowchart of a defective/non-defective judging process that is another example of a method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention;  
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart of a defective/non-defective judging process that is yet another example of a method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention; and  
       FIG. 12  is a flowchart of a defective/non-defective judging process that is yet another example of a method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
      Preferred embodiments of a method of testing an information recording medium and an information recording medium testing apparatus according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the attached drawings.  
      First, the construction of an information recording medium testing apparatus  1  that judges (tests) whether an optical recording medium  10  or the like (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ) is defective or non-defective according to a method of testing an information recording medium of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.  
      The information recording medium testing apparatus  1  shown in  FIG. 1  is one example of an information recording medium testing apparatus according to the present invention, and as described later, carries out a defective/non-defective judging process  100  or the like to judge (test) whether an optical recording medium  10  or the like is defective or non-defective. The information recording medium testing apparatus  1  includes an artificial fingerprint transfer device  2 , a recording/reproducing device  3 , and a control device  4 . The artificial fingerprint transfer device  2  (hereinafter simply “transfer device  2 ”) corresponds to a “fingerprint attaching unit” for the present invention and includes a moving mechanism  2   a  for moving a transfer member  62  and a pressure sensor  2   b  for detecting a pressing force that the moving mechanism  2   a  has the transfer member  62  exert on an artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  or the optical recording medium  10  or the like. The recording/reproducing device  3  corresponds to a “signal reproducing unit” for the present invention and carries out the recording of data onto the optical recording medium  10  or the like and the reading of data (the reproduction of data) from the optical recording medium  10  or the like under the control of the control device  4 . The control device  4  corresponds to a “judging unit” for the present invention and judges whether the optical recording medium  10  or the like is defective or non-defective based on signal quality of an output signal (the reproduction signal read from the optical recording medium  10  or the like) from the recording/reproducing device  3 .  
      The artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  (an artificial fingerprint liquid supplying plate) is formed of polycarbonate in a plate-like form, for example. Artificial fingerprint liquid for adhesion to the transfer member  62  during the defective/non-defective judging process  100  and the like described later is attached (applied) to the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61 . Here, there are no particular limitations on the artificial fingerprint liquid (a material for artificial fingerprints), but a composition that includes a particulate material and a dispersion medium that can disperse the particulate material is preferable. Also, since a majority of the solid matter included in actual fingerprints is keratin, the particulate material should preferably use a fine protein powder called keratin. Accordingly, one example of the simplest composition for the artificial fingerprint liquid is an artificial fingerprint liquid prepared by adding and mixing a dispersant (described later) to fine keratin powder. More specifically, it is possible to effectively use a mixture of a dispersant, such as water, oleic acid, squalene, and triolein, and fine keratin powder in appropriate proportions as the artificial fingerprint liquid.  
      However, since the keratin that is normally available is extremely expensive, the cost of testing information recording media also rises steeply. Also, the particle size distribution of commercial keratin differs to the particle size distribution of the keratin included in actual fingerprints, so that the particle size distribution usually needs to be made equal in advance. Accordingly, from the viewpoints of cost as well as measurement accuracy and reproducibility, it is not necessarily preferable to use commercial keratin as the particulate material. For this reason, in place of the keratin, it is preferable to use a particulate material including at least one type of particles selected from inorganic particles and organic particles. Here, silica particles, alumina particles, iron oxide particles and a mixture of any two or more types selected from these particles can be given as examples of inorganic particles. Also, chitin particles, chitosan particles, acrylic particles, styrene particles, divinyl benzene particles, polyamide particles, polyimide particles, polyurethane particles, melamine particles, and a mixture of any two or more types selected from these particles can be given as examples of organic particles.  
      Any of the types of inorganic particles listed above have the same effect as keratin particles when used as a component of an artificial fingerprint liquid and are also considerably cheaper than commercial keratin particles. Accordingly, to reduce the cost of testing and simultaneously improve the measurement accuracy and reproducibility, out of all of the particulate material mixed in the artificial fingerprint liquid, the included amount of inorganic particles should preferably be 50% or above by weight, with an amount of 80% or above by weight being more preferable. Here, it is extremely preferable for all of the particulate material (that is, 100% by weight of the particulate material) mixed in the artificial fingerprint liquid to be composed of the inorganic particles listed above. It is also possible to use organic particles with the inorganic particles as necessary. Here, out of the organic particles, acrylic particles, styrene particles, divinyl benzene particles, polyamide particles, polyimide particles, polyurethane particles, melamine particles and the like are preferable due to their low cost. It is also possible to use keratin particles together with the particles described above.  
      The particulate material described above should preferably have an average particle diameter (that is, a median diameter) of 100 μm or below, with an average particle diameter of 50 μm or below being more preferable. Here, JIS Z8901 Test Powder Class 1, JIS Z8901 Test Powder Class 2, ISO Test Dust 12103-1, and APPIE (Association of Powder Process Industry and Engineering, Japan) Standard Dust can be given as examples of particulate materials with an inorganic component and an average particle diameter of 100 μm or below. These test materials all have uniform particle diameters and can be obtained relatively cheaply, which means that such materials can be favorably used as the particulate materials composing an artificial fingerprint liquid. Out of JIS Z8901 Test Powder Class 1, Kanto loam is one example of a more preferable powder. On the other hand, regarding the average particle diameter of the particulate material, if the particulate material is too large or too small, it will not be possible to achieve a sufficient function as a substitute for the keratin included in actual fingerprints, and therefore an average particle diameter of 0.05 μm or above is preferable, with an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm or above being even more preferable. Accordingly, a particulate material with an average particle diameter in a range of 0.05 μm to 100 μm inclusive should preferably be used, with a particulate material with an average particle diameter in a range of 0.5 μm to 50 μm inclusive being even more preferable.  
      It is also preferable for the particulate material to have a critical surface tension at 25° C. that exceeds the surface tension at 25° C. of the dispersant, with which the particulate material is mixed. More specifically, as one example, the critical surface tension should preferably be 40 mNm −1  or above, with 50 mNm −1  or above being even more preferable. Here, the various particles listed above as examples of the inorganic particles all satisfy the above preferable condition for the critical surface tension.  
      On the other hand, a liquid that composes sweat or sebum, or a liquid with similar properties should preferably be used as the dispersant. More specifically, a liquid with a surface tension at 25° C. in a range of 20 to 50 mNm −1  and a saturated vapor pressure at 200° C. of 760 mmHg (101,325 Pa) or less should preferably be used. It should be noted that when the surface tension at 25° C. is below 20 mNm −1 , the wettability for the incident surface becomes too high compared to actual fingerprints. Conversely, when the surface tension at 25° C. is above 50 mNm −1 , the wettability for the incident surface becomes too low compared to actual fingerprints. In addition, when the saturated vapor pressure at 200° C. is above 760 mmHg (101,325 Pa), after application onto the incident surface, the dispersant gradually volatilizes and the state of the attached artificial fingerprints changes in a short time. Accordingly, the surface tension and the saturated vapor pressure should preferably be set within the ranges given above. Also, the dispersant should preferably have a viscosity at 25° C. of 500 cP or below, more preferably in a range of 0.5 to 300 cP, and even more preferably in a range of 5 to 250 cP. By using a dispersant that satisfies this viscosity, it is possible for the particulate material to be favorably dispersed even after an artificial fingerprint has been attached to the incident surface and to easily adhere to the incident surface.  
      There are no particular limitations on the specific material for the dispersant, and higher fatty acids, derivatives of higher fatty acids, terpenes, terpene derivatives, and the like can be given as examples. Here, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and the like can be given as examples of higher fatty acids. Also, ester derivatives can be given as examples of derivatives of higher fatty acids, with diglyceride derivatives and triglyceride derivatives (such as triolein) being examples of such. A variety of terpenes can be used, with specific examples of such being squalene, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, linalool, terpineol, and cadinene. It is possible to select one of such terpenes, or to use a mixture of two or more terpenes selected from this list. The selected terpene or terpenes can also be mixed with water.  
      On the other hand, an elastomer should preferably be used as the material forming the transfer member  62  for attaching the artificial fingerprints. More specifically, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber, urethane rubber, and the like should preferably be used. It should be noted that the hardness of the elastomer used should preferably be in a range of 40 to 70 inclusive as measured by a durometer (type A), with a hardness in a range of 50 to 60 inclusive being even more preferable. Also, the transfer member  62  can be formed in a shape that resembles a proper fingerprint pattern by producing a mold from an actual person&#39;s finger, but to simplify the application of artificial fingerprints, it is also possible to use a rubber plug for printing with artificial fingerprint liquid that is standardized according to JIS K2246-1994 as the transfer member  62 . That is, it is possible to use, as the transfer member  62 , a No. 10 rubber plug whose small circular surface (with a diameter of around 26 mm) has been ground and roughened using an AA240 abradant standardized according to JIS R6251 or JIS R6252 or an abradant with the same type of abrasive compound. It should be noted that the grinding process using an abradant is normally carried out manually, but to avoid fluctuations in flatness and roughness during the grinding process (that is, fluctuations in the adhesion of the artificial fingerprint liquid to the transfer member  62 ), it is possible to use a construction where a mold surface used for molding the transfer member  62  is roughened in advance and an artificial fingerprint is transferred onto the surface of the transfer member. It should be noted that so long as it is possible to achieve effectively the same transfer characteristics as the example described above, the transfer member  62  is not limited to the materials of the described example. To attach an artificial fingerprint of similar dimensions to an actual fingerprint, it is preferable to use a rubber plug with a smaller diameter (more specifically, a diameter of around 8 to 25 mm) than the rubber plug described above, with a rubber plug with a diameter of around 8 to 20 mm being even more preferable.  
      Next, optical recording media  10 ,  20 ,  30 , and  40 , which are examples of tested objects, will be described with reference to the drawings.  
      The optical recording medium  10  shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4  is one example of an information recording medium for the present invention, and is formed in a disc-like form with an external diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of around 1.2 mm. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the optical recording medium  10  includes a support substrate  11 , a light transmitting layer  12 , a hard coat layer  13 , and a recording layer  14 . Also, the optical recording medium  10  is constructed so that data can be recorded on the recording layer  14  and read (reproduced) from the recording layer  14  by irradiation with a laser beam  50  with a wavelength λ in a range of 380 nm to 450 nm, inclusive (as one example, 405 nm) from an incident surface side  13   a  (the surface of the hard coat layer  13 ). In this case, when data is recorded onto or reproduced from the optical recording medium  10 , an objective lens  51  with a numerical aperture of 0.65 or above, and preferably around 0.85 is used, and when the wavelength of the laser beam  50  is set at λ and the numerical aperture of the objective lens  51  is set at NA, it is preferable to set λ/NA≦640 nm.  
      The support substrate  11  functions as a support member for forming the recording layer  14  and the like, also functions as a thickness adjusting member for achieving the thickness (around 1.2 mm) required for the optical recording medium  10 , and is formed in a disc-like form with a thickness of around 1.1 mm. Also, grooves  11   a  and lands  11   b  for guiding the laser beam  50  are formed in a spiral or concentric circles from a central periphery to an outer edge on one surface of the support substrate  11 . Here, it is possible to use various materials as the materials of the support substrate  11 , and as one example, it is possible to use glass, ceramic, resin, or the like. Out of these various materials, it is preferable to use resin due to the ease of molding. More specifically, polycarbonate resin, olefin resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, silicone resin, fluororesin, an ABS resin, or a urethane resin can be given as examples. Out of these, it is especially preferable to use polycarbonate resin and olefin resin due to the ease of machining such materials. For the optical recording medium  10 , the support substrate  11  is not part of the optical path for the laser beam  50 , so that it is not necessary for the support substrate  11  to have high transmissivity for light. The support substrate  11  should preferably be fabricated by injection molding using a stamper, but may also be fabricated by various kinds of methods such as photopolymerization (the “2P” method).  
      The light transmitting layer  12  is a layer that protects the recording layer  14  against scratches and also forms an optical path of the laser beam  50 , and is formed so that the thickness of the light transmitting layer  12  is in a range of 10 μm to 200 μm, inclusive (as one example, around 100 μm). In this case, so long as the material has a sufficiently high transmissivity for light of the wavelength range of the laser beam  50  used for recording and reproduction, there are no particular limitations on the material forming the light transmitting layer  12 , but it is preferable to form the light transmitting layer  12  by spin coating or the like using an acrylic or epoxy UV curing resin. Also, instead of forming the light transmitting layer  12  by hardening a UV curing resin, it is possible to form the light transmitting layer  12  by attaching a light transmitting sheet formed of a light transmitting resin using various kinds of adhesive.  
      The hard coat layer  13  is a thin film formed on the incident surface side  13   a  of the optical recording medium  10  on which the laser beam  50  is incident, and protects the light transmitting layer  12  against scratches and prevents marks such as fingerprints from adhering (i.e., makes it difficult for fingerprints to adhere). As examples, as the material for forming the hard coat layer  13 , it is possible to use a UV-curing resin including epoxy acrylate oligomer (a two-functional oligomer), a multi-functional acryl monomer, a single functional acryl monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator, a compound such as an oxide, nitride, sulfide, or carbide of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), cerium (Ce), titanium (ti), zinc (Zn) or tantalum (Ta), or a mixture of such compounds. When a UV-curing resin is used as the material for forming the hard coat layer  13 , the hard coat layer  13  should preferably be formed by spin coating on the light transmitting layer  12 . When one or a mixture of the oxide, nitride, sulfide, or carbides listed above is used, the hard coat layer  13  should preferably be formed on the light transmitting layer  12  by a vapor-phase growth method (for example, sputtering or a vacuum evaporation method) that uses chemicals including the composite elements. In this case, it is preferable to use sputtering as the vapor-phase growth method.  
      Also, by providing the hard coat layer  13  with a lubricating action, a dirt-resisting function can be considerably increased. To provide the hard coat layer  13  with a lubricating action, it is effective to include a lubricant in a base material of the hard coat layer  13 . Here, any of a silicone lubricant, a fluoride lubricant, and a fatty ester lubricant should preferably be selected as this lubricant. Also, the amount of lubricant included in the base material should preferably be in a range of 0.1% to 5.0%, inclusive by weight.  
      The recording layer  14  is a layer that records data through the formation of recording marks by irradiation with the laser beam  50 , and is formed so as to be sandwiched between the support substrate  11  and the light transmitting layer  12 . In this case, there are no particular limitations on the material forming the recording layer  14  or a multilayer structure of the recording layer  14 , but when the optical recording medium  10  is manufactured as a rewritable information recording medium, reversible recording marks are formed by forming the recording layer  14  using a phase-change material. Also, when the optical recording medium  10  is manufactured as a recordable information recording medium, the recording layer  14  is formed using a material produced by adding magnesium (Mg) and/or aluminum (Al) to a dielectric base material with either a mixture of ZnS and SiO 2  or LaSiON (a mixture of La 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and Si 3 N 4 ) as a principal component, so that irreversible recording marks can be formed. In addition, when the optical recording medium  10  is manufactured as a recordable information recording medium, aside from the above selections of materials, it is possible to use a construction where irreversible recording marks can be formed by forming the recording layer  14  using a multilayer structure in which two different materials (as one example, silicon (Si) and copper (Cu)) are laminated.  
      For the optical recording medium  10  of the above construction, when the wavelength of the laser beam  50  is set at λ and the numerical aperture of the objective lens  51  is set at NA as described above, the condition that λ/NA≦640 nm is satisfied and the thickness of the light transmitting layer  12  is set extremely thinly at 200 μm or below) (as one example, at around 100 μm), so that the diameter of the beam spot of the laser beam  50  on the incident surface  13   a  becomes extremely small (as one example, at around 120 μm). Accordingly, compared to a conventional information recording medium (an information recording medium with a large beam spot diameter on the incident surface) such as the various types of CD, the effect on the signal characteristics of fingerprints attached to the incident surface  13   a  tends to be relatively large, and in particular, since it is easy for fingerprints and the like to become attached during use when information recording media are used as bare discs, the effect on the signal characteristics of adhering fingerprints cannot be ignored. Accordingly, for the optical recording medium  10 , it is necessary to sufficiently evaluate the effect on the signal characteristics of adhering fingerprints using the method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention.  
      On the other hand, the optical recording medium  20  shown in  FIG. 5  is another example of an “information recording medium” for the present invention, and has a multilayer structure where the recording layer  14  of the optical recording medium  10  described above is protected by being sandwiched between a first dielectric layer  15  and a second dielectric layer  16 . Component parts that are the same as the respective layers of the optical recording medium  10  have been assigned the same reference numerals and duplicated description thereof has been omitted. The first dielectric layer  15  and the second dielectric layer  16  are layers that physically and chemically protect the recording layer  14  formed in between these layers, and since the recording layer  14  is protected by the dielectric layers  15  and  16 , after data is recorded on the recording layer  14 , the loss of data (deterioration in the recorded information) over long periods is avoided.  
      In this case, so long as a dielectric material has a sufficiently high transmissivity for light of the wavelength range of the laser beam  50  in use, there are no particular limitations on the material composing the dielectric layers  15 ,  16 , and as one example, it is possible to use a dielectric material with an oxide, sulfide, nitride, or any combination of the same as a principal component. More specifically, to prevent thermal deformation of the support substrate  11  and the like and achieve favorable protection for the recording layer  14 , it is preferable to use Al 2 O 3 , AlN, ZnO, ZnS, GeN, GeCrN, CeO 2 , SiO, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiC, La 2 O 3 , TaO, TiO 2 , SiAlON (a mixture of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Si 3 N 4  and AlN), LaSiON (a mixture of La 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and Si 3 N 4 ) and the like, an oxide, nitride, sulfide, or carbide of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), cerium (Ce), titanium (ti), zinc (Zn), tantalum (Ta) and the like or a mixture of the same, with a mixture of ZnS and SiO 2  being especially preferable. Here, it is especially preferable to set the molar ratio of the ZnS and SiO 2  at 80:20. The dielectric layers  15 ,  16  may be formed of the same material or may be formed of different materials. It is also possible for one or both of the dielectric layers  15 ,  16  to have multilayer structures composed of a plurality of dielectric films.  
      For the optical recording medium  20  of the above construction, when the wavelength of the laser beam  50  is set at λ and the numerical aperture of the objective lens  51  is set at NA as described above, the condition that λ/NA≦640 nm is satisfied and the thickness of the light transmitting layer  12  is set extremely thinly at 200 μm or below) (as one example, at around 100 μm), so that like the optical recording medium  10  described above, the diameter of the beam spot of the laser beam  50  on the incident surface  13   a  becomes extremely small (as one example, at around 120 μm). Accordingly, for the optical recording medium  20  like the optical recording medium  10 , it is necessary to sufficiently evaluate the effect on the signal characteristics of adhering fingerprints using the method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention.  
      Also, the optical recording medium  30  shown in  FIG. 6  is yet another example of an information recording medium for the present invention, and has a multilayer structure where a reflective layer  17  is added between the support substrate  11  and the second dielectric layer  16  of the optical recording medium  20  described above. Note that here also, component parts that are the same as the respective layers of the optical recording medium  20  have been assigned the same reference numerals and duplicated description thereof has been omitted. The reflective layer  17  is a layer that reflects the laser beam  50  incident from the incident surface  13   a  side and emits light from the incident surface  13   a , and functions so as to increase the reproduction signal (C/N ratio) according to a multiple interaction effect. So long as the laser beam  50  can be reflected, there are no particular limitations on the material for forming the reflective layer  17 , but as examples, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), germanium (Ge), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au) can be used. Out of these materials, due to their high reflectivity, it is preferable to use a metal material such as aluminum (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or an alloy of such metals (such as an alloy of aluminum and titanium), with silver (Ag) or an alloy with silver as a principal component being even more preferable.  
      For the optical recording medium  30  of the above construction, when the wavelength of the laser beam  50  is set at λ and the numerical aperture of the objective lens  51  is set at NA as described above, the condition that λ/NA≦640 nm is satisfied and the thickness of the light transmitting layer  12  is set extremely thinly at 200 μm or below) (as one example, at around 100 μm), so that like the optical recording medium  20  described above, the diameter of the beam spot of the laser beam  50  on the incident surface  13   a  becomes extremely small (as one example, at around 120 μm). Accordingly, for the optical recording medium  30 , like the optical recording medium  20 , it is necessary to sufficiently evaluate the effect on the signal characteristics of adhering fingerprints using the method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention.  
      Also, the optical recording medium  40  shown in  FIG. 7  is yet another example of an information recording medium for the present invention and has the same construction as a normal existing DVD. More specifically, the optical recording medium  40  includes a light transmitting substrate  41 , a dummy substrate  42 , a protective layer  43 , a bonding layer  44 , a hard coat layer  13 , and a recording layer  14 . Data is recorded onto and reproduced from the optical recording medium  40  by irradiation with the laser beam  50  with a wavelength λ of around 405 nm from the incident surface  13   a  side (the surface of the hard coat layer  13 ), with an objective lens  51  with a numerical aperture of around 0.65 being used to focus the laser beam  50 . Accordingly, when the wavelength of the laser beam  50  is set at λ and the numerical aperture of the objective lens  51  is set at NA, the condition λ/NA≦640 nm is satisfied. In this case, it is possible to use a multilayer construction where the recording layer  14  is protected by being sandwiched between two dielectric layers or a multilayer construction where a reflective layer is formed between the recording layer  14  and the protective layer  43 .  
      For the optical recording medium  40  constructed as described above, the thickness of the light transmitting substrate  41  that forms the optical path for the laser beam  50  is set at around 0.6 mm, and compared to the thickness of the light transmitting layer  12  in the optical recording media  10 ,  20 ,  30  described above, the light transmitting substrate  41  is made much thicker. In this case, when the wavelength of the laser beam  50  in use is set at λ and the numerical aperture of the objective lens  51  is set at NA, the optical recording medium  40  is also constructed so that the condition that λ/NA≦640 nm is satisfied. Accordingly, since the beam spot of the laser beam  50  focused on the recording layer  14  can be made extremely small compared to a conventional information recording medium such as a CD or an existing DVD, compared to a conventional information recording medium, there is a tendency for fingerprints adhering to the incident surface  13   a  to have a relatively large effect on signal characteristics. Accordingly, for the optical recording medium  40 , like the optical recording media  10 ,  20 , and  30  described above, it is necessary to sufficiently evaluate the effect on the signal characteristics of adhering fingerprints using the method of testing an information recording medium according to the present invention.  
      Next, a method of testing the optical recording medium  10  or the like using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  will be described with reference to the drawings.  
      When testing a recordable or rewritable information recording medium, first, the information recording medium to be tested (for example, the optical recording medium  10 ) is set in the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  and a start of the testing process (defective/non-defective judging process) is indicated. In response, the control device  4  of the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  starts the defective/non-defective judging process  100  shown in  FIG. 2 . In the defective/non-defective judging process  100 , the control device  4  first controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to have a predetermined signal recorded on the recording layer  14  of the optical recording medium  10  (“a step of recording a signal” for the present invention: step S 11 ). In this case, as the recording conditions for the recording of the predetermined signal, in view of the environment in which the optical recording medium  10  will be actually used, the recording/reproducing device  3  should preferably be set with the same conditions as the various conditions (recording linear velocity, pulse train pattern and recording power of a laser beam, and the like) used when recording actual data. It should be noted that there are no particular limitations on the signal recorded on the optical recording medium  10  in the defective/non-defective judging process  100 , and a random signal or a uniform signal (repetitions of the same signal) may be used.  
      Next, the control device  4  controls the transfer device  2  to attach an artificial fingerprint onto the incident surface  13   a  in a region in which the predetermined signal has been recorded in step S 11  (a “step of attaching an artificial fingerprint” for the present invention: step S 12 ). An “artificial fingerprint” is a fake fingerprint that has been formed artificially, and by attaching such an artificial fingerprint in place of having an actual human fingerprint attached to the incident surface, whenever the testing process is carried out, the attachment conditions can be kept constant (it is possible to improve the reproducibility of the attachment conditions) and compared to the case where an actual human fingerprint is attached, the attaching process can be made much more efficient. It should be noted that the method of attaching the artificial fingerprint onto the incident surface  13   a  will be described in detail later. Next, after the attachment of the artificial fingerprint has been completed, the control device  4  controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to reproduce the signal recorded in step S 11  (a “step of reproducing a signal” for the present invention: step S 13 ). Here, the region from which a signal is reproduced must include the region in which the artificial fingerprint was attached in step S 12 . Also, conditions that are the same as the conditions when a user actually reproduces data should preferably be set as the reproduction conditions.  
      Next, the control device  4  measures the signal quality of the signal reproduced in step S 13  (the signal outputted from the recording/reproducing device  3 ) (a step of judging defective or non-defective” for the present invention: step S 14 ), and when a predetermined threshold is exceeded, the optical recording medium  10  is judged to be “defective” (step S 15 ), while when a predetermined threshold is not exceeded, the optical recording medium  10  is judged to be “non-defective” (step S 16 ). By doing so, the defective/non-defective judging process  100  is completed. It should be noted that as the signal quality used as the judgment standard in step  14  described above, any of the following is measured: error rate; jitter; output level; C/N ratio; reflectivity; degree of modulation; RF signal flatness; p-p (peak-to-peak) value of a focus sensitivity curve; size of a residual error part of a focus error signal; and a ratio of the size of a residual error part to the p-p value. As the signal quality used as the judgment standard, it is also possible to use one or two or more of the signal characteristics described above. Out of these, since it is possible to directly judge the effect of artificial fingerprints attached to the incident surface  13   a , it is especially preferable to judge whether a medium is defective or non-defective with the error rate as the judgment standard. It should be noted that although the defective/non-defective judging process  100  is carried out to test the optical recording medium  10  in the above example, it is also possible to carry out the same process to test the optical recording media  20 ,  30 ,  40  or various other types of information recording media.  
      Next, the method of attaching artificial fingerprints to the incident surface  13   a  in step S 12  in the defective/non-defective judging process  100  will be described with reference to the drawings.  
      In step S 12  of the defective/non-defective judging process  100  described above, the transfer device  2  attaches artificial fingerprints to the incident surface  13   a  under the control of the control device  4 . More specifically, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the moving mechanism  2   a  of the transfer device  2  first moves the transfer member  62  and presses the transfer member  62  onto the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61 , on which artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached (applied), to apply the artificial fingerprint liquid to the transfer member  62 . At this time, the control device  4  calculates the pressing pressure (pressing force) of the transfer member  62  on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  based on a detection signal outputted from the pressure sensor  2   b  when the transfer member  62  is pressed onto the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  by the moving mechanism  2   a , and also measures elapsed time from the start of the pressing. Here, if the pressing force when the transfer member  62  is pressed on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  is expressed as “w1” (as one example, 50 g/cm 2  to 5000 g/cm 2 ), the time the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  is pressed on the transfer member  62  is expressed as “t1” (as one example 5 to 60 seconds), a parameter determined by factors for the transfer member  62  such as the material, the surface roughness (average roughness), wettability (surface energy), and hardness (elasticity) is expressed as “p”, a value determined based on factors for the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  such as the material, surface roughness, wettability (surface energy), hardness (elasticity) the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid present on the surface of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  is expressed as “s”, and the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the transfer member  62  (per unit area) is expressed as “R1”, R1 can be expressed as shown by Equation (1) below. 
 
 R 1= f 1( w 1 , t 1 , p, s )  (1) 
 
      Here, R1 in Equation (1) (the amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the transfer member  62 ) has a large effect on the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached on the incident surface  13   a  when the transfer member  62  is pressed onto the incident surface  13   a . Accordingly, based on the pressing force (“w1” above) calculated based on the detection signal from the pressure sensor  2   b , the elapsed time from the start of the pressing (“t1” above), various conditions relating to the transfer member  62  (“p” above), and various conditions relating to the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  (“s” above), the control device  4  controls the moving mechanism  2   a  so that the amount (“R1” above) of the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the transfer member  62  is an amount set in advance (as one example, 30 mg/m 2  to 2010 mg/m 2 ). More specifically, when controlling the moving mechanism  2   a , the control device  4  adjusts the pressing force of the transfer member  62  on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  and the time the transfer member  62  is pressed on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  in the ranges given above. By doing so, a predetermined amount of artificial fingerprint liquid is attached to the transfer member  62 . It should be noted that it is possible to use a construction where the moving mechanism  2   a  moves the transfer member  62  by a preset amount towards the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  and presses the transfer member  62  of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  for a predetermined time to attach a predetermined amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid onto the transfer member  62 .  
      Next, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the transfer member  62  onto which the artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached is pressed onto the incident surface  13   a . Here, if the pressing force when the transfer member  62  is pressed onto the incident surface  13   a  of the medium is expressed as “w2” (as one example, 50 g/cm 2  to 5000 g/cm 2 ), the time the transfer member  62  is pressed onto the incident surface  13   a  is expressed as “t2” (as one example, 5 to 60 seconds), a parameter determined by factors for the incident surface  13   a  of the optical recording medium  10  such as the surface roughness (average roughness), wettability (surface energy), and hardness (elasticity) is expressed as “d”, and the amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a  (per unit area) is expressed as “R2”, R2 can be expressed as shown by Equation (2) below. 
 
 R 2 =f 2( w 2 , t 2 , p, R 1 , d )  (2) 
 
      In this case, “R2” in Equation (2) above (the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a ) has a large effect on the amount of return light for the emitted laser beam  50  during the reading of data from the optical recording medium  10  during step S 13  of the defective/non-defective judging process  100 . As a result, the “R2” of Equation (2) has a large effect on the judgment standard (in this example, the “error rate”) in step S 14 . Accordingly, the control device  4  controls the moving mechanism  2   a  so that the pressing force (“w2” above) calculated based on the detection signal from the pressure sensor  2   b  and the elapsed time (“t2” above) from the start of pressing are in a preset state, which result in the artificial fingerprint liquid being attached to the incident surface  13   a  at constant conditions. In this case, out of the parameters in Equation (2) above, “w2”, “t2”, “p”, and “R1” are constant values, and as a result, an amount (“R2” above) of artificial fingerprint liquid in accordance with the various conditions (“d” above) relating to the optical recording medium  10  is applied to the incident surface  13   a . It should be noted that as one example, the attached amount “R2” of the artificial fingerprint liquid is around 20 mg/m 2  to 2000 mg/m 2  on a (non-defective) optical recording medium  10  used as a standard.  
      It should be noted that the process that presses the transfer member  62  onto the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  in step  12  of the defective/non-defective judging process  100  (a “first substep” for the present invention) and a process that presses the transfer member  62  onto the incident surface  13   a  (a “second substep” for the present invention) can be carried out manually by an operator, for example. However, to make the conditions (parameters aside from the various conditions “d” relating to the optical recording medium  10 ) relating to the attachment of the artificial fingerprint liquid onto the incident surface  13   a  constant every time the defective/non-defective judging process  100  is executed (i.e., to achieve the required reproducibility for the attachment conditions), the process should preferably be carried out automatically or semi-automatically by an apparatus such as the transfer device  2  described above. Also, when both of the processes described above are carried out by an apparatus such as the transfer device  2 , by fixing “w1” and “t1” in Equation (1) above and “w2” and “t2” in Equation (2) above, the transfer device  2  can be fabricated cheaply and easily. Since the changes in the amounts “R1” and “R2” when “w1”, “t1”, “w2”, and “t2” change are comparatively small and there is the danger of the reproducibility of the attached amount of artificial fingerprint liquid drastically falling when “w1”, “t1”, “w2”, and “t2” radically increase or decrease, the effective ranges of variation of “w1”, “t1”, “w2”, and “t2” are not very wide. For this reason also, it is logical to set “w1”, “t1”, “w2”, and “t2” at predetermined values. In this way, by fixing “w1”, “t1”, “w2”, and “t2”, it is possible to regard these variables as parameters incorporated into the transfer device  2 .  
      Accordingly, by newly defining parameters “M1” (M1=g1(w1,t1,p)) and “M2” (M2=g2(w2,t2,p)) that are unique to the transfer device  2 , Equation (1) above can be rearranged to Equation (3) below. 
 
 R 1 =f 1( M 1 , s )  (3) 
 
      In the same way, Equation (2) above can be rearranged to Equation (4) below. 
 
 R 2 =f 2( M 2 ,R 1 ,d )  (4) 
 
      As should be clear from Equation (4) above, the amount “R2” of artificial fingerprint liquid attached onto the incident surface  13   a  is determined by three parameters, “M2”, “R1” and “d”. In this case, since “M2” is constant due to the use of the transfer device  2  and “d” is a parameter showing the state of the optical recording medium  10  being tested, “R2” is effectively adjusted to the desired value (a value suited to testing) by changing “R1”. In this case, since the object of the present invention is to reject optical recording media onto which an amount of artificial fingerprint liquid that exceeds a predetermined amount is attached when the artificial fingerprint liquid is attached under predetermined conditions: i.e., optical recording media onto which artificial fingerprint liquid is easily attached as defective when the value “d” exceeds a predetermined threshold (d threshold ) and also to reject as defective optical recording media whose error rate or the like (signal quality of the reproduction signal) is remarkably worsened by the attachment of fingerprints, in the defective/non-defective judging process  100 , it is necessary to set a threshold (R2 threshold ) for the attached amount of artificial fingerprint liquid (R2) at which the error rate relating to the reproduction signal exceeds a predetermined threshold for a case where the parameter “d” that relates to the optical recording medium  10  (being tested) exceeds the predetermined threshold (d threshold ) That is, it is necessary to adjust “R1” using the transfer device  2  so as to satisfy 
 
 R 2 threshold   =f 2( M 2 , R 1 , d   threshold ) 
 
      On the other hand, to adjust the amount “R1” of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the transfer member  62 , the state (“s” above) of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  is adjusted. Here, “s” depends on factors such as the material, surface roughness, wettability, and hardness of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  and the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid on the surface of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61 , and out of such factors, the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid on the surface can be changed relatively easily. Accordingly, it is preferable to keep the amount “R1” of artificial fingerprint liquid attached onto the transfer member  62  constant by adjusting the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to (applied onto) the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  to keep the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid present on the surface of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  constant (as one example, an amount that has 30 mg/m 2  to 2010 mg/m 2  attached onto the transfer member  62 ). More specifically, as one example, every time the artificial fingerprint liquid is attached onto the transfer member  62  from the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  by applying (attaching) a predetermined amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid uniformly onto the surface of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  by spin coating or dip coating, the pressing position of the transfer member  62  on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  is changed (with the artificial fingerprint liquid being uniformly applied across an entire region of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  pressed by the transfer member  62 ). By doing so, it is possible to always attach the same amount of artificial fingerprint liquid to the transfer member  62 . Accordingly, during the defective/non-defective judging process  100  described above, the unique parameters “M1” and “M2”, (where “M1”=“M2” is possible) should be set in the transfer device  2  first with “s” then being set in accordance with the set “M1” and “M2”. This method of setting is included in the preferred aspects of the present invention. Also, the value “s” may be determined by preparing a medium (d threshold ) that is an appropriate standard and measuring the error rate after forming an artificial fingerprint on this medium. When doing so, the decision as to what kind of information recording medium to use as the standard disc may be made as appropriate based on consultation between the technicians who carry out the defective/non-defective judging process  100  and the medium manufacturer who requested the testing.  
      It should be noted that aside from the method described above, it is also possible to use a method where not only “M1” but also “s” is set in advance at a freely chosen value. That is, in Equations (3) and (4), not only “M1” but also “s” may be set at a fixed value to make “R1” a constant. Accordingly, “M2” and “R1” in Equation (4) become both constants, so that “R2” changes in accordance with only “d”. For this reason, by keeping “M2” and “R1” constant in advance, it is possible to carry out testing where the error rate is measured in a state where an amount of artificial fingerprint liquid in accordance with the various states (“d” above) of the optical recording medium  10  and the like has been attached.  
      On the other hand, if an excess amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid “R1” attached to the transfer member  62  is expressed as “r” and an amount produced by subtracting this excess amount “r” from “R1” (i.e., an amount produced when “r” is wiped off the transfer member  62  onto which “R1” of the artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached) is set as “R1′” (R1′=R1−r), “R2” is expressed by Equation (5) below. 
 
 R 2= f 2( M 2 ,R 1′ ,d )  (5) 
 
      As shown by Equation (5) above, by removing the excess amount “r” from the amount “R1” of the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the transfer member  62  by any method, it is possible to produce a state where the amount “R1′” without the excess fingerprint liquid is attached to the transfer member  62 . In this case, to remove the excess fingerprint liquid, as one example it is possible to press the transfer member  62  on which “R1” of the artificial fingerprint liquid has been attached onto the surface of a removing substrate or the like (not shown) before the transfer member  62  is pressed on the optical recording medium  10  being tested. In this case, by appropriately adjusting the material of the removing substrate and conditions for pressing onto the substrate (such as the pressing force and the pressing time), a freely chosen amount “r” of the artificial fingerprint liquid can be removed from the transfer member  62  and as a result, it is possible to keep the amount “R1′” constant at a desired amount. However, carrying out this kind of method (i.e., removing excess artificial fingerprint liquid) makes the defective/non-defective judging process  100  complex and carries the risk of causing fluctuations in the conditions for the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a  (the risk of leading to a fall in reproducibility for the testing). Accordingly, as described above, “R1” should preferably be kept constant by adjusting the state “s” of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  (i.e., the amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid on the surface of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61 ).  
      It should be noted that as described above, the value “d” is constant for the same type of optical recording medium  10  and the like, so that when “M2” and “R1” are kept constant, this results in “R2” also being constant. More specifically, as one example when testing optical recording media where the multilayer structure and materials of the support substrate  11 , the light transmitting layer  12 , and the hard coat layer  13  are the same and only the recording material forming the recording layer  14  differs, “d” above is the same value for the respective optical recording media. Accordingly, by keeping “M2 and “R1” constant in advance, it is possible to carry out testing by measuring the error rate in a state where a constant amount of artificial fingerprint liquid is attached to the respective optical recording media.  
      As described above, according to the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  (i.e., the defective/non-defective judging process  100 ), a step (S 12 ) that attaches an artificial fingerprint onto the incident surface  13   a  using the artificial fingerprint transfer device  2 , a step (S 13 ) that reproduces a signal recorded in the fingerprint-attached region using the recording/reproducing device  3 , and a step (S 14 ) that judges whether the optical recording medium  10  or the like is defective or non-defective based on the signal quality of the reproduction signal using the control device  4  are carried out, so that the optical recording medium  10  or the like can be judged to be defective or non-defective based on whether the signal quality (in this example, error rate) of the reproduction signal when an artificial fingerprint has been attached to the incident surface  13   a  exceeds a standard value. Accordingly, information recording media (the optical recording medium  10  or the like) for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to fingerprints adhering to the incident surface  13   a  can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided. By doing so, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the reliability of information recording media that are to be used as bare discs in particular.  
      In addition, according to the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by using error rate as a measure of signal quality in the step of judging whether the medium is defective or non-defective, it is possible to directly compare the effects of fingerprints attached to the incident surface  13   a  on the reproduction signal.  
      In addition, according to the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by carrying out the step of recording a signal in the fingerprint-attached region (step S 11 ) before the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint (step  12 ) is carried out, it is possible to directly evaluate the effect on the reproduction characteristics of fingerprints attached to the incident surface  13   a.    
      Also, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , a first substep that attaches artificial fingerprint liquid by pressing the transfer member  62  onto the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61 , and a second substep that presses the transfer member  62  onto the incident surface  13   a  of the optical recording medium  10  or the like are carried out as the step that attaches the artificial fingerprint, so that artificial fingerprints can be formed on (transferred onto) the incident surface  13   a  using a comparatively simple method.  
      In addition, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by keeping the pressing force of the transfer member  62  on the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  constant during the step that attaches the artificial fingerprint, it is possible to attach a fixed amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid onto the transfer member  62 , so that the artificial fingerprint liquid can be attached to respective information recording media under the same conditions when testing a plurality of information recording media (in this example, the optical recording medium  10  or the like). Accordingly, since the amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a , which is closely related to the signal quality (the error rate or the like) during testing, changes in accordance with the fingerprint attachment characteristics (“d” above) of the respective information recording media, it is possible to appropriately judge whether the respective information recording media are defective or non-defective.  
      Also, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by keeping the pressing force of the transfer member  62  on the incident surface  13   a  constant in the step that attaches the artificial fingerprint, when testing a plurality of information recording media (in this example, the optical recording medium  10  or the like), the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a , which is closely related to the signal quality (the error rate or the like) during testing, changes in accordance with the fingerprint attachment characteristics of the respective information recording media, so that it is possible to appropriately judge whether the respective information recording media are defective or non-defective.  
      Also, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by keeping the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  constant (by applying the artificial fingerprint liquid uniformly across the entire region of the artificial fingerprint liquid supplying member  61  pressed by the transfer member  62 ), it is possible to apply a constant amount of the artificial fingerprint liquid to the transfer member  62 , so that when testing a plurality of information recording media (in this example, the optical recording medium  10  or the like) artificial fingerprints can be attached to the respective information recording media under the same conditions. Accordingly, the amount of artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a , which is closely related to the signal quality (the error rate or the like), changes in accordance with the fingerprint attachment characteristics (“d” above) of the respective information recording media, so that it is possible to appropriately judge whether the respective information recording media are defective or non-defective.  
      Also, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by carrying out a step that reproduces a signal in an environment where the condition λ/NA is 640 nm or below is satisfied, out of optical recording media  10  that have a premise of being used in such an environment (information recording media, in this example, the optical recording medium  10  or the like, where the beam spot of the laser beam  50  on the incident surface  13   a  is extremely small and the effect of attached fingerprints on the signal characteristics is large), information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to fingerprints adhering to the incident surface  13   a  can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided.  
      Also, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by testing the optical recording medium  10  or the like where the thickness of the light transmitting layer  12  is 200 μm or below, out of optical recording media  10  that have a premise of being used in this kind of environment (information recording media, in this example, the optical recording medium  10  or the like, where the beam spot of the laser beam  50  on the incident surface  13   a  is extremely small and the effect of attached fingerprints on the signal characteristics is large), information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to adhering fingerprints can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided.  
      Also, with the method of testing the optical recording medium  10  according to the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , by testing the optical recording medium  10  or the like that is constructed for use as a bare disk, out of information recording media (in this example, the optical recording media  10  or the like) that have a premise of being used in an environment where the medium is not enclosed in a cartridge or the like which makes it easy for the medium to become marked with fingerprints, information recording media for which the signal quality of the reproduction signal remarkably deteriorates due to adhering fingerprints can be rejected as substandard, and the distribution of such information recording media onto the market can be avoided.  
      Next, another method of testing the optical recording medium  10  or the like using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that out of the processes carried out by the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , parts that are the same as the processes in the defective/non-defective judging process  100  described above will not be described.  
      When testing a recordable or rewritable information recording medium, first the information recording medium (for example, the optical recording medium  10 ) to be tested is set in the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  and the testing process (defective/non-defective judging process) is commenced. In response, the control device  4  of the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  starts the defective/non-defective judging process  200  shown in  FIG. 10 . The defective/non-defective judging process  200  is one example of a method of testing that carries out a “step of recording a signal” for the present invention after a “step of attaching an artificial fingerprint” for the present invention, and carries out the steps S 11  and S 12  of the defective/non-defective judging process  100  described above in reverse order. More specifically, in the defective/non-defective judging process  200 , the control device  4  first controls the transfer device  2  to attach an artificial fingerprint to the incident surface  13   a  of the optical recording medium  10  (the “step of attaching an artificial fingerprint” for the present invention: step S 21 ). When doing so, in the same way as in step S 12  of the defective/non-defective judging process  100  described above, the artificial fingerprint liquid is attached to the incident surface  13   a  under predetermined conditions set in advance. Next, the control device  4  controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to have a predetermined signal recorded in a region including the region (fingerprint-attached region) to which the artificial fingerprint has been attached (the “step of recording a signal” for the present invention”: step S 22 ). In this defective/non-defective judging process  200 , the steps carried out thus far differ to the defective/non-defective judging process  100  and the subsequent steps are carried out in the same way as step S 13  in the defective/non-defective judging process  100 .  
      More specifically, the control device  4  controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to have the signal recorded in step S 22  reproduced (a “step of reproducing a signal” for the present invention that is the same as step S 13  in the defective/non-defective judging process  100 : step S 23 ), and measures the signal quality of the reproduction signal outputted from the recording/reproducing device  3  (a “step of judging whether defective or non-defective” that is the same as step S 14  in the defective/non-defective judging process  100 : step S 24 ). At this point, when the signal quality (as one example, error rate) exceeds a predetermined threshold, the control device  4  judges that the optical recording medium  10  is “defective” (step S 25 ), and when the predetermined threshold is not exceeded, judges that the optical recording medium  10  is “non-defective” (step S 26 ). By doing so, the defective/non-defective judging process  200  is completed. It should be noted that although the defective/non-defective judging process  200  is carried out to test optical recording medium  10  in the example described above, the same process can be carried out for the optical recording media  20 ,  30 , and  40  and other information recording media to test for defective/non-defective media.  
      In this way, according to the method of testing (the defective/non-defective judging process  200 ) the optical recording medium  10  using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , after the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint (step S 21 ), the step of recording a signal in the fingerprint-attached region (step S 22 ) is carried out so that it is possible to carry out testing with consideration to the effects of fingerprints attached to the incident surface  13   a  not only on the reproduction characteristics but also on the recording characteristics.  
      Next, another method of testing the optical recording medium  10  and the like using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that out of the processes carried out by the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , processes that are the same as the processes in the defective/non-defective judging processes  100 ,  200  described above will not be described.  
      For example, for a recordable and rewritable information recording medium, to sufficiently evaluate the effect on the recording characteristics of attached fingerprints, before executing a step of reproducing a signal, the artificial fingerprint attached in the step of attaching the artificial fingerprint should preferably be removed and the information recording medium should be tested with the signal quality of the reproduction signal in this state as the subject of testing. More specifically, first, the information recording medium (for example, the optical recording medium  10 ) being tested is set in the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  and a start to the testing process (the defective/non-defective judging process) is indicated. In response, the control device  4  of the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  starts the defective/non-defective judging process  300  shown in  FIG. 11 . In the defective/non-defective judging process  300 , the control device  4  first controls the transfer device  2  to attach an artificial fingerprint to the incident surface  13   a  of the optical recording medium  10  (the “step of attaching an artificial fingerprint”: step S 31 ), and then controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to record a predetermined signal in the region on which the artificial fingerprint has been attached (the “step of recording a signal” for the present invention: step S 32 ).  
      Next, the artificial fingerprint attached in step S 31  is removed (step S 33 ). In this case, as one example, the artificial fingerprint liquid attached to the incident surface  13   a  should preferably be wiped off using a rag (as one example, a BEMCOT LINT FREE CT-8 manufactured by ASAHI KASEI FIBERS CORPORATION, for example). The number of wipes should be set in a range of 6 to 400 inclusive with a load of 1.0 to 10N/cm 2 , and preferably in a range of 10 to 200 inclusive, and with it being especially preferable to then remove the artificial fingerprint liquid remaining on the incident surface  13   a  using a volatile organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, methylethyl ketone, or acetone. Next, the control device  4  controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to reproduce the signal recorded in step S 32  (the “step of reproducing a signal” for the present invention: step S 34 ). After this, the control device  4  measures the signal quality of the reproduction signal (as one example, the error rate) and judges whether the signal quality exceeds a predetermined threshold (the “step of judging defective or non-defective” for the present invention: step S 35 ). When the predetermined threshold is exceeded, the optical recording medium  10  is judged to be “defective” (step S 36 ), while when the predetermined threshold is not exceeded, the optical recording medium  10  is judged to be “non-defective” (step S 37 ). By doing so, the defective/non-defective judging process  300  is completed.  
      In the defective/non-defective judging process  300 , by removing the artificial fingerprints after the predetermined signal has been recorded in step S 32  and before the signal is reproduced in step S 34 , the effect of the fingerprints adhering to the incident surface  13   a  on the reproduction characteristics are eradicated and the effect of the adhering fingerprints on the recording characteristics can be reliably evaluated. It should be noted that although the defective/non-defective judging process  300  is carried out to test the optical recording medium  10  in the above example, it is also possible to carry out the same process for the optical recording media  20 ,  30 ,  40  and other types of information recording media to test whether the media are defective or non-defective.  
      Next, yet another method of testing the optical recording medium  10  or the like using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that out of the processing carried out by the information recording medium testing apparatus  1 , processes that are the same as in the defective/non-defective judging processes  100 ,  200 , and  300  described above will not be described.  
      For example, when testing a read-only (ROM-type) information recording medium (optical recording medium), first the optical recording medium is set in the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  and a start of the testing process (defective/non-defective judging process) is indicated. In response, the control device  4  of the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  starts a defective/non-defective judging process  400  shown in  FIG. 12 . In this defective/non-defective judging process  400 , the control device  4  controls the artificial fingerprint transfer device  2  to attach an artificial fingerprint to a region in which a signal has been recorded on an incident surface of the optical recording medium (the “step of attaching an artificial fingerprint” for the present invention: step S 41 ). Next, the control device  4  controls the recording/reproducing device  3  to reproduce the signal recorded in advance in the region in which the artificial fingerprint has been attached (the “step of reproducing a signal” for the present invention: step S 42 ), measures the signal quality (as one example, the error rate) of the reproduction signal, and judges whether a predetermined threshold is exceeded (a “step of judging defective or non-defective” for the present invention: step S 43 ). At this point, when the signal quality exceeds the predetermined threshold, the optical recording medium is judged to be “defective” (step S 44 ), while when the predetermined threshold is not exceeded, the optical recording medium is judged to be “non-defective” (step S 45 ). By doing so, the defective/non-defective judging process  400  is completed. In this way, in the same way as the optical recording medium or the like described above, a read-only optical recording medium can be subjected to a defective/non-defective judgment that takes the effect on the reproduction characteristics of adhering fingerprints into account.  
      It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and a variety of modifications are possible within the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Such modifications are obviously included within the scope of the invention. For example, although several examples of preferable information recording media that can be tested are shown in FIGS.  3  to  7 , the information recording medium that can be tested using the present invention is not limited to such media. As one example, it is also possible to carry out the defective/non-defective judging processes  100 ,  200 ,  300 , and  400  on a conventional information recording medium such as a CD or a DVD using the information recording medium testing apparatus  1  described above.