Patent Publication Number: US-9409756-B2

Title: Multi-flavor valve

Description:
This application is divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/397,226, filed Mar. 3, 2009, which application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/846,331, filed May 14, 2004, which applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a multi-flavor valve used to dispense various flavored beverages from a beverage dispenser. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many carbonated and noncarbonated beverages are available on the market and are in demand. For example, restaurants, cafeterias, fast food facilities, and the like often utilize beverage dispensers to provide such beverages to their customers (either from behind the counter or self-serve). These dispensers often used “post-mix” beverage dispensing valves, which use two separate flow paths to dispense water (carbonated or non-carbonated, depending on the type of beverage) and syrup into a cup, in which the water and syrup mix to produce a beverage. 
     Typically, post-mix beverage dispensing valves dispense only one beverage flavor per valve. The number of these “one-flavor” valves that a dispenser can accommodate is limited, and thus the valves are assigned to the most popular flavors, typically carbonated beverages (cola, diet cola, lemon-lime, root beer, etc.). Consequently, there is usually only room on the dispenser for a single noncarbonated flavor valve (e.g., iced tea), if at all. To provide additional noncarbonated beverage flavors (e.g., lemonade, pink lemonade, fruit punch, raspberry iced tea, etc.), additional dispensers are required. In many cases, these dispensers are dedicated to a single flavor, to prevent mixing flavors between beverage dispensing cycles. This takes up additional counter space, and increases beverage dispensing cost. 
     Currently, a “two-flavor” beverage dispensing valve exists. This valve has three flow paths (two for syrup and one for water). Current manufacturing techniques consist of machining multiple layers of the valve individually. Those layers are then laminated together to form the flow path between the layers. Incorporating additional syrup flow paths, however, makes the design more costly and complex. Further, the mixture of flavors and/or colors between beverage dispensing cycles is not insured. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To overcome the drawbacks associated with prior art one-flavor and two-flavor valves, a less complex and less costly multi-flavor valve, capable of non-simultaneously dispensing at least three beverage flavors, is provided. For example, the multi-flavor valve may be configured to dispense (besides noncarbonated water) iced tea, fruit punch and lemonade. The multi-flavor valve of the present invention substantially reduces the transfer of flavors and/or colors from one beverage dispensation to the next. The multi-flavor valve of the present invention is preferably of the same size as a standard one-flavor valve, and fits into the dispenser space normally allotted to the standard one-flavor valve. 
     In one aspect of the present invention, a multi-flavor valve capable of dispensing at least three flavors of beverages is provided. The valve includes a single-piece injection-molded valve body having at least three syrup flow paths and a water flow path. The valve also includes at least three syrup flow path solenoids for respectively opening and closing the at least three syrup flow paths, and one water flow path solenoid for opening and closing the water flow path. The three syrup flow path solenoids are positioned in the corresponding syrup flow paths, and the water flow path solenoid is positioned in the water flow path, within the valve body. The valve also has at least three beverage flavor switches for selecting any one of the three beverage flavors for dispensation. The valve further includes an electronics module electrically connected to the solenoids and to the beverage flavor switches, the electronics module causing one of the syrup flow path solenoids to open the corresponding syrup flow path of the syrup corresponding to a selected flavor switch, and causing the water flow path solenoid to open the water flow path, thereby causing the multi-flavor valve to dispense the selected beverage flavor. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a method for dispensing a selected beverage flavor from a multi-flavor valve is provided, the multi-flavor valve having a water flow path solenoid and at least three syrup flow path solenoids. The method includes the steps of (1) opening the water flow path solenoid, (2) opening one of the syrup flow path solenoids corresponding to the selected beverage flavor after a predetermined period after the water flow path solenoid has been opened, (3) closing the opened syrup flow path solenoid after the selected beverage flavor has been dispensed, and (4) closing the water now path solenoid after another predetermined period after the syrup flow path solenoid has been closed. 
     In yet another aspect of the present invention, a multi-flavor valve capable of dispensing at least three flavors of beverages is provided. The valve includes a single-piece injection-molded valve body having at least three syrup flow paths and a water flow path. The valve also has an integrated diffuser for diffusing water dispensed from the water flow path. The valve also has an integrated syrup tube with at least three channels corresponding to the at least syrup flow paths, through which channels one of the syrups, corresponding to a selected beverage flavor, is dispensed at a dispensing end of the syrup tube. The surface tension of the syrups at the dispensing end of the syrup tube substantially prevents unselected syrups from dripping out of the corresponding channels during dispensation of the selected beverage flavor, thereby minimizing flavor and color contamination of the dispensed beverage flavor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other aspects of the invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a top view of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a bottom view of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a rear view of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates another bottom view of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  respectively depict the water and syrup inlets and outlets at the rear and bottom of the valve body of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6A-6D  depict the flow paths of syrup F 3  and F 2  in the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 7A-7B  depict the flow path of water in the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 7C-7D  depict the flow path of syrup F 1  in the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 8A-8B  depict the flow path syrup F 1  in the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 9A-9E  illustrate the flow control module of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 10A-10B  illustrate the solenoid valve of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 11A-11L  depict the mounting block flow paths in the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 12A-12E  illustrates the bushing seal utilized by the mounting block of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13A  provides an exploded view of the mounting block of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 13B and 13C  respectively illustrate closed and opened mounting block positions of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 13D-13F  illustrate, in more detail, the opened mounting block position. 
         FIGS. 13G-13I  illustrate, in more detail, the closed mounting block position. 
         FIGS. 14A-14C  respectively provide perspective, front, and side views of the front cover of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 15A-15B  illustrate the electronics module of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 16A-16C  illustrate the nozzle and diffuser configuration of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  provides an exploded view of the multi-flavor valve assembly of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 18A-18D  respectively depict autofill, sanitary lever, self-serve, and portion control configurations of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 19A-19B  respectively provide perspective and bottom views of the diffuser of the multi-flavor valve of the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  provides a perspective view of the multi-flavor valve sub-assembly of the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  provides an exploded view of the multi-flavor valve sub-assembly of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a multi-flavor valve is provided that allows three non-carbonated beverage flavors to be dispensed by a beverage dispenser, with less cost and manufacturing complexity. 
     Among other features, the nozzle and diffuser of the multi-flavor valve are configured to permit the selected beverage&#39;s syrup concentrate (for example, iced tea syrup) and water to mix below and outside the nozzle. The valve flushes the nozzle and diffuser with water at the end of each dispensing operation, thereby substantially reducing any carryover of flavor and/or color between dispensations of beverages of different flavors. 
     In addition, the multi-flavor valve is preferably made with a single piece injection-molded valve body, thus minimizing secondary machining operations normally found in current two-flavor valves. Further, the diffuser creates a uniform and aesthetic flow from the nozzle. Adjustable ceramic flow control modules provide manual brixing control, and maintain the brix ratio by stabilizing water and syrup flow rates during fluctuations in the water and syrup pressures. Wet coil solenoid valves (“solenoids”) open and close the valve&#39;s water and syrup flow paths to the nozzle, allowing the water and syrup to be dispensed. The valve&#39;s front cover includes a membrane switch for flavor selection, with LEDs to indicate the selected flavor. A modular, software-controlled electronics module accepts the flavor selection input and controls actuation of the solenoids. The valve&#39;s mounting block allows the valve to be mounted on existing dispensers (e.g., a drop-in dispenser or a countertop dispenser). The multi-flavor valve may be assembled within a standard-sized one-flavor valve package, for example, a valve package having similar dimensions as a OF-1 valve package, to maintain a consistent dispenser appearance. 
     The cost of manufacturing the multi-flavor valve of the present invention can be less than that of a conventional two-flavor valve, primarily because manufacturing a single piece injection molded valve body costs less and can be done faster and with less labor than machining and laminating together multiple body layers, as done in existing valves. Consequently, additional beverage flavors (even beyond that of the two-flavor valve) can be economically added to an existing beverage dispenser, usually at a fraction of the cost of adding second and third one-flavor (dedicated) dispensers. In addition, because a single dispenser may still be used, counter space is saved, and beverage dispensing operator efficiency is increased. 
     The multi-flavor valve  180  (see, e.g.  FIGS. 18A-18D ) maybe variously configured, as discussed in more detail below, for different applications. In all configurations, the operator presses one of the four flavor selection switches (flavored beverage switches  181  or water-only switch  182 ) on a switch membrane. This selection causes the corresponding LED  186  to light. Depending on the configuration, the selected syrup solenoid and the water solenoid are activated, opening the corresponding syrup and water flow paths to the nozzle (unless the water-only button  182  is pressed, in which case only the water solenoid is activated). At the end of dispensing, caused by whichever means described below, the syrup solenoid is deactivated, closing the syrup flow path to the nozzle, while the water solenoid remains activated, allowing water to flush the nozzle and diffuser of most, if not all, of the remaining syrup. This leaves the nozzle and diffuser substantially free of syrup for the next dispensation, thus preventing flavor and/or color carryover therebetween. 
     The various valve configurations include an autofill model, a sanitary lever model, a self-serve model, and a portion-control model, as respectively shown in  FIGS. 18A-18D . While the valve will be described in detail in relation to these four configurations, it is to be understood that these configurations are by way of illustration only, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by their details. Further, the valve is not limited to dispensing three beverage flavors, but may be modified by those skilled in the art to dispense a different number of beverage flavors. 
     The autofill model ( FIG. 18A ) allows an operator to actuate the valve (and the appropriate water/syrup solenoids) by placing a cup against the dispensing lever  184 . In this configuration, the portioning is automatically controlled by an integrated liquid level sensor circuit (discussed in more detail below). In operation, the valve continues to dispense the selected beverage into, e.g., an insulated cup (not shown) until the cup is filled and the beverage just begins to overflow, after which the valve stops dispensing. If the valve is being used for carbonated beverages, one or more (optional) topping-off cycles may also be programmed into the autofill control software. A topping-off cycle allows foam (or the like) created in the initial fill to settle for a short time thereafter, when the valve is automatically reactivated and the cup begins to fill again, until the beverage overflows from the cup again. The autofill mechanism, with or without topping-off cycles, allows the operator to leave a cup, regardless of its size or the amount of ice therein, unattended while it is filling, allowing the operator to do other tasks. The autofill dispensing operation can be manually canceled, that is, before the valve automatically stops dispensing by removing the cup from the lever. Topping-off may alternatively be accomplished in the autofill model by manually removing the cup from the dispensing lever, and replacing it against the dispensing lever to reactivate the valve. 
     The sanitary lever model ( FIG. 18B ) has an offset, or sanitary, lever  185  which allows the operator to actuate the valve (and the appropriate water/syrup solenoids) manually by placing and holding the cup against the lever. The valve continues to dispense the selected beverage into the cup until the operator removes the cup from the dispensing lever. In this configuration, the beverage portion is manually controlled by the operator. 
     The self-serve model ( FIG. 18C ) allows the operator, usually but not necessarily a restaurant customer rather than employee, to actuate the valve (and the appropriate water/syrup solenoids) by pressing one of beverage flavor switches  181 / 182 . The valve continues to dispense the selected beverage as long as the operator continues to press the flavor switch. In this configuration, the operator needs only to press one switch for operation, making it convenient for self-service. The operator may also mix flavors, if desired, by pressing a second flavor switch after releasing the first flavor switch. That is, pressing more than one flavor switch will not result in multiple beverage flavors being simultaneously dispensed—the valve is normally configured to allow only the first pressed switch to determine the dispensed beverage flavor. 
     The portion-control model ( FIG. 18D ) allows the operator to actuate the valve (and the appropriate water/syrup solenoids) by pressing one of the preprogrammed portion size switches  183   a ,  183   b ,  183   c , or  183   d , preferably located (see  FIG. 18D ) below the beverage flavor switches on the switch membrane. These switches may respectively correspond to small (12 ounce), medium (16 ounce), large (24 ounce) and extra-large (32 ounces) portion sizes (see also switches  70  of  FIG. 15B , described in further detail below). This causes the valve to dispense the selected beverage for a predetermined period of time (seconds) at a predetermined dispensing flow rate (ounces per second), thereby dispensing a corresponding predetermined beverage volume (ounces). When dispensing, the dispensation cycle may be manually canceled by pressing a top-off/cancel switch  183   e , preferably located below the portion size switches on the switch membrane. When not dispensing, the valve may be manually actuated (for filling or for topping off) by pressing the top-off/cancel switch (see also top-off/cancel switch  72  of  FIG. 15B ). In this case, the valve will continue to dispense as long as the top-off/cancel switch is pressed. 
     Preferably, the multi-flavor post-mixing valve of the present invention dispenses three different-flavored, non-carbonated beverages and water. Alternatively, the valve may be configured to dispense three carbonated beverages and, if desired, carbonated water. According to a preferred embodiment, the multi-flavor valve includes the following major components, each of which will be discussed in further detail below: a single piece injection-molded valve body (which contains three syrup flow paths and one water flow path), four solenoids (three for opening and closing corresponding syrup flow paths to the nozzles, and one for opening and closing a water flow path to the nozzle), four flow control modules (three for syrup and one for water), a software-controlled electronic circuit board module (“electronic module”), a portion control membrane switch (optional), a flavor panel membrane switch, a nozzle, a diffuser, a base plate, a mounting block, and a valve cover. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates an exploded view of a multi-flavor valve assembly of the present invention, which can be modified with respect to the configuration models described herein (e.g., autofill, sanitary lever, self-serve, and portion control). The three-flavor variety valve of these examples is the same size as a standard one-flavor valve, and can therefore fit into space normally allotted for the standard one-flavor valve on most dispensers. By virtue of the features disclosed herein, flavor and color transfer between dispensations of different flavored beverages can be minimized. 
     The valve generally includes a valve body  1 , a diffuser  2 , a front cover  3  (for the autofill, sanitary lever, and self-serve models), a front cover  4  (for in the portion-control model), electronic module  5  (for the autofill model), electronic module  6  (for the portion-control model), electronic module  7  (for the sanitary lever model), electronic module  8  (for the self-serve model), flow control modules  9 , solenoids  10 , a mounting block assembly  11 , a rear cover  12 , a nozzle  13 , a base plate  14 , a lever  15  (for the autofill model), a sanitary lever  16  (for the sanitary lever model), a lever spring  17  (used in the autofill and sanitary lever models for returning the lever  15  or  16  back to its normal position when the operator removes a cup that is being pressed against it) and lever switch  18  (used in the autofill and sanitary lever models for detecting when a cup is pressed against the lever  15  or  16 , thereby putting the valve in an “on” state, and for detecting when the cup is removed from the lever, thereby putting the valve in an “off” state), and a nozzle probe  19  (for the autofill model). 
     The flow control modules  9  are inserted into the valve body  1  and preferably secured with retaining washers and machine screws. The solenoids  10  are threaded directly into the valve body  1 . The switch  18  (for the autofill and sanitary lever models) is preferably fastened to the valve body  1  with machine screws. The lever spring  17  (for the autofill and sanitary lever models) is preferably fastened to the valve body  1  with a machine screw. The nozzle probe  19  (for the autofill model) is preferably fastened to the valve body  1  with a machine screw. The autofill lever  15  (for the autofill model) and the sanitary lever  16  (for the sanitary lever model) are inserted into the base plate  14 . The base plate  14  clips onto the valve body  1 . The diffuser  2  is inserted over the valve body syrup tube and into a pocket on the valve body  1 . The nozzle  13  is screwed into the base plate  14 . 
       FIG. 21  illustrates a more detailed exploded view of the valve body assembly, showing a valve body  121 , a diffuser  122 , a cylinder  123 , a piston (water)  124 , a spacer  125 , an adjustment screw  126 , a spring  127 , an O-ring  128  for the spacer  125 , an O-ring  129 , an O-ring  130  for the adjustment screw  126 , a washer  131 , machine screws  132 , a top  133 , a solenoid assembly  134  with connector (syrup), a solenoid assembly  135  with connector (water), O-rings  136 ,  137 , and  138 , and a piston  139  (syrup). 
     Returning to  FIG. 17 , the electronic module ( 5 ,  6 ,  7 , or  8 ) is slid into the base plate  14  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 15A  for interconnections). The rear cover  12  is slid over the rear portion of the assembly and clips onto the base plate  14 . The front cover  3  (for the autofill, sanitary lever, or self-serve model) connects to the electronics module (respectively  5 ,  7 , or  8 ) and clips onto the front of the rear cover  12 . The front cover  4  (for the portion-control model) connects to the portion control electronics module  6  and clips onto the front of the rear cover  12 , exposing the portion control switch membrane (see  FIG. 15B ). 
     The operator selects a flavor by pressing that flavor&#39;s corresponding switch, which may be identified by a label, on the valve&#39;s front cover.  FIG. 14A-14C  illustrate one type of valve front cover  3 , on which three different beverage flavors and water are identified. A flavor key selection pad or switch membrane  82  on the front of the valve identifies the available beverage flavors and water, thereby allowing for operator flavor selection. In this example, the switch membrane  82  includes flavor switch  82   a  for water and switches  82   b ,  82   c ,  82   d  for three other flavors. LEDs  84  (light-emitting diodes) correspond to each flavor switch to indicate the current flavor selection. The flavor switch can be used to either select, or to select and dispense in the self-serve configuration one of the three flavors or water. The key pad/switch membrane is assembled to a standard front cover, and the front cover attaches to a standard rear cover. The front cover  4  is connected to electronics module  5 ,  7 , or  8  ( FIG. 15A ) through a flexible ribbon circuit  86  and connector  88 . Front cover  4  has a similar flavor switch configuration, and is similarly connected to portion control electronic module  6  ( FIG. 15B ). 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a top view of the valve body  1 , assembled to a mounting block  20 . The valve  1  of this example is a one-piece injection-molded valve body. Critical and/or non-injection-moldable features are machined subsequent and secondary to the molding process. The letter designations indicate water (W) and the three different flavors of syrup in this example (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ). The valve body  1  includes separate flow paths for water W and each of the three syrup flavors (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ). The valve body  1  also contains integrated flow control module cavities  22  and solenoid cavities  24 , located as shown, in which the flow control modules  9  and solenoids  10  are respectively positioned. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the bottom of the valve body  1 , assembled to the mounting block  20 . The letters indicate where water W and the three flavors of syrup (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ) exit the valve body  1 , the syrup through centrally positioned (in relation to the diffuser and nozzle) syrup tube  32 . Each syrup exits the syrup tube  32  through a dedicated flow path, thus minimizing crossover of flavor and color between dispensations, as explained in more detail below. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a rear view of the valve body  1 , not assembled to the mounting block  20 . This view shows upper dovetail slots  26  for mounting the valve body  1  onto the mounting block  20 , and shows the channels  28  which permit flow out of the flow control module cavities. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a bottom view of the valve body  1 , not assembled to the mounting block  20 , and shows lower dovetail slots  30  for mounting the valve onto the mounting block  20 . 
       FIG. 20  illustrates another view of the valve body  1 , not assembled to the mounting block  20 , with solenoids  10  positioned in the solenoid cavities  24 , and flow control modules  9  positioned in the flow control module cavities  22 . 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  respectively illustrate the water/syrup flow path inlets at the rear, and the water/syrup flow path outlets at the bottom, of the valve body  1 . Water and syrup enter the rear side of the valve  1  (see  FIG. 5A ), from respective openings in the mounting block  20 , and out through the bottom front of the valve (see  FIG. 5B ). In particular, F 1 , F 2 , and F 3  flow out of syrup tube  32  as shown in  FIG. 5B . Water exits the hole “W” into the diffuser  2  (see  FIG. 16C ). The syrups and water are supplied by the dispenser to the openings in the mounting block  20  in a fashion well known to those skilled in the art. 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  illustrate the flow path for a particular syrup F 3 . The syrup F 3  flows in through the rear side of the valve body  1 , through the flow control module  9 - 3  (see also  FIG. 9 , discussed below), through channels  160  and  161  into the solenoid  10 - 3  (see also  FIG. 10 , discussed below), through the solenoid cavity orifice  162  and channel  163 , and exits through the bottom of the valve body  1  via the syrup tube  32 . The flow of syrup F 2  is symmetrical to F 3 , and instead involves flow control module  9 - 2  and solenoid  10 - 2 . 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate the water W flow path, and  FIGS. 7C, 7D, 8A and 8B  illustrate the syrup F 1  flow path. Water W flows in through the rear of the valve body  1 , through channel  171  into flow control module  9 - 0 , through a channel  172  into the solenoid valve  10 - 0  ( FIG. 10 ), through the solenoid cavity orifice  173 , and exits through a hole in the bottom of the valve body  1  into the diffuser  2 . The syrup F 1  flows in through the rear of the valve body  1 , through channel  176 , into and through the flow control module  9 - 1 , through channel  177  into the solenoid valve  10 - 1 , through the solenoid cavity orifice  178 , through channel  179 , and exits through the bottom of the valve body  1  via the syrup tube  32 . 
       FIGS. 9A-9E  illustrate the flow through any one of the four flow control modules  9 . Each flow control module  9  resides within the valve body&#39;s integrated flow control cavity  22 . The flow control module  9  includes a ceramic piston  94 , a ceramic cylinder  96 , and a spring assembly  98 . An adjustment screw  100  allows a serviceperson to manually adjust the water and syrup concentrate flow rates, and thus the brix. During valve operation, the flow control module compensates for fluctuations in the water and syrup concentrate supply pressures to maintain a nearly constant flow rate for each fluid. This is accomplished by varying the cylinder orifice flow area  92 . As the fluid pressure of the water or syrup concentrate increases, the piston  94  is pushed upwards by the fluid pressure, and the cylinder orifice flow area  92  is reduced, reducing the flow rate. As the fluid pressure drops, the spring  98  pushes the piston  94  down, increasing the cylinder orifice flow area  92  and increasing the flow rate. The water and three syrups of this example each have a separate flow control assembly. Because water is less viscous than syrup, the water piston orifice is sized slightly larger than that of the syrup to provide an adequate water flow rate. The water and syrup cylinder orifices are substantially identically sized. As can be seen from  FIGS. 9A-9E , flow enters through piston orifice  90  and exits through cylinder orifice  92 . 
       FIGS. 10A and 10B  illustrate any one of the solenoid valves  10 . The solenoid valve is threaded into the valve body&#39;s solenoid cavity  24 . Water or syrup enter the solenoid cavity  24  and exits through the valve body&#39;s integrated solenoid orifice  107 . The valve body  1  utilizes four solenoids to open and close flow paths, as determined by the selected flavor switch, to dispense water and none or one of the three syrups into the nozzle. The operator is a wet coil type. This means that the plunger  104  is exposed to the water or syrup, which cools the solenoid coil  102 . The water or syrup enters the solenoid cavity  24 . The orifice  107  is normally blocked by the plunger seal  106  of the plunger  104 , and thus water or syrup cannot pass through the orifice  107 . When the valve is actuated, the appropriate solenoid coils receive power, creating a magnetic field and causing the plunger  104  to be pulled upwards, in turn lifting the plunger seal  106  off the orifice mound  108  and allowing the water or syrup to pass through the orifice  107 . The water solenoid coil preferably has an impedance of 26Ω, and each of the syrup coils preferably have an impedance of 100Ω. 
       FIGS. 13A-13I  illustrate mounting block  20 . An exploded view is shown in  FIG. 13A . 
     The valve mounting block  20 , normally attached to the dispenser, allows the valve body  1  to be mounted on existing dispensers (e.g., drop-in dispensers or countertop dispensers). The mounting block  20  of this embodiment is the same size as a standard one-flavor mounting block and generally requires only about 30% more force for valve removal, despite sealing twice the amount of pressure (that is, sealing one water line and three syrup supply lines) as a standard one-flavor mounting block (that is, sealing one water line and one syrup line). The illustrated mounting block has three syrup ports and one water port. 
     The mounting block  20  includes a mounting block body  52 , spindles  56 , bottom support  58 , top support  60 , o-rings  61  and  62 , alignment tabs  63 , and bushing seals  54  ( 54   a  and  54   b ). The spindles  56  are preferably sonic-welded into the bottom support  58 . The bushing seals  54   a  and  54   b  are installed over the spindles  56  and are indexed by an indexing hole  54  on the bushing seal (see  FIG. 12A ) corresponding to shaft boss  65  on the spindle (shaft)  56  (see  FIG. 12B ). The spindles  56  are inserted into the mounting block body  52 . The alignment tabs  63  of the mounting block body  52  removably attach to the bottom plate  58  via openings  58   a . The top support  60  is fastened to the spindles  56  with thread forming screws  57   a  and  57   b . The spindles  56 , bottom support  58  and top support  60  form a movable spindle assembly  66 . 
     The mounting block contains spindle alignment mechanism that properly aligns the spindles within the mounting block body. As the block is closed, bottom support and spindles move downward. The bottom support is pushed back to the rear by the alignment tabs, and consequently the spindles are pushed back to provide proper spindle alignment and sealing. 
     As mentioned above, the mounting block  20  is assembled onto the dispenser to accommodate mounting of the multi-flavor valve. When the mounting block  20  is closed by lowering the movable spindle assembly  66  ( FIG. 13B ), the water and syrup concentrate supply lines are pressure sealed by the bushing seals  54 , allowing the valve to be mounted or dismounted from the dispenser. After the valve is mounted to the mounting block, the mounting block may be opened. The mounting block is opened by raising the movable spindle assembly  66  ( FIG. 13C ), allowing the water and syrup concentrates to flow through the spindle openings  64  to the rear of the valve body  1 .  FIGS. 13D-13F  illustrate, in more detail, the opened mounting block position, and  FIGS. 13G-13I  illustrate, in more detail, the closed mounting block position. These figures illustrate, in particular, the internal flow paths of the mounting block for the three syrups F 1 , F 2 , F 3  and Water and the manner in which the bushing seal provides sealing. 
     The valve body  1  is secured onto the mounting block  20  by upper and lower dovetail slots ( 26 ,  30 ) projecting from the top and bottom spindle supports. When the mounting block  20  is closed, the valve body  1  may be mounted onto the mounting block  20 ; pushing the spindle assembly upwards secures the valve body  1  to the mounting block  20  while simultaneously opening the flow through the mounting block  20 . Once the valve body  1  has been mounted on the mounting block  20 , it cannot be removed unless the mounting block is closed and the water and syrup concentrate supplies are shut off. 
       FIGS. 12A-12E  illustrate details of bushing seal  54 . The o-ring seals  42 ,  46  prevent leakage out of the mounting block  20  and cross-mixing of flavors within the mounting block  20 . The sealing ribs  44 ,  48  stop flow through the mounting block  20  when the mounting block  20  is closed. An indexing hole  64  provides the proper orientation of a bushing seal when it is installed on a spindle shaft  56 , via alignment with a shaft boss  65  on the spindle shaft, as shown on  FIG. 12B , and maintains proper orientation during operation. 
       FIGS. 12C-12E  illustrate the sealing by the bushing seal. The bushing seal is multi-directional, and thus can simultaneously seal vertically and horizontally, as shown, to prevent flow or leaks in both directions. The o-rings seals on the bushing seal prevent flow in the axial direction and the sealing ribs prevent flow in the horizontal direction. As discussed above, the bushing seal contains an index hole that maintains the angular relation with the shaft. 
       FIGS. 11A-11L  illustrate various views of the mounting block  20  flow paths. Water and syrup enter the mounting block  20  from the back inlets and exit the mounting block  20  into the valve body  1  through the front outlets. When the mounting block  20  is closed, the bushing seals  54  stop flow through the mounting block  20  and prevent leakage from the mounting block  20 . When the mounting block is opened, flow is allowed through the mounting block  20 , and the bushing seals  54  prevent cross mixing of the water and syrup flavors. The mounting block bushing seals  54  in this example are lubricated with high performance grease that does not wash off, which, combined with spindle openings  64  constructed by less than 0.1 degrees of draft in this example, provides ease of valve mounting and removal. 
       FIGS. 16A-16C  illustrate the nozzle  13  and diffuser  2  configuration of the valve body  1 .  FIG. 16A  illustrates a front cover and the nozzles, etc., while  FIG. 16B  is a cross section of  FIG. 16A  along A-A, and  FIG. 16C  is an enlarged view of the circle in  FIG. 16B . Water exits the valve body  1  above the diffuser  2 , flows through the diffuser  2 , and out of the nozzle  13 . The syrup concentrate exits the valve body  1  from the syrup spout  76  and flows straight down, central to the water flow. The water and syrup concentrate mix just below the outlet of the nozzle  13 . 
     The injection-molded flow diffuser  2  also creates a uniform and aesthetic flow from the nozzle  13 .  FIG. 19A  illustrates the diffuser  2  according to one embodiment, while  FIG. 19B  is a cross section of the bottom portion of the diffuser  2 . 
     The valve outlets, diffuser  2 , and nozzle  13  are configured so that flavor and color transfer between dispensing beverages of different flavors can be minimized. First, each syrup exits the syrup tube  32  through a dedicated flow path. In addition, the diffuser  2  controls the velocity of the water exiting the valve body  1  and isolates the water flow from the syrup tube  32 . The syrup tube length, in relation to the water discharge distance from the diffuser, prevents water from accumulating on the tip of the syrup tube  32 . Moreover, the surface tension of the syrup at the dispensing end of the syrup tube  32  substantially prevents syrup from dripping out of one of the syrup flow paths during dispensation of a beverage using another syrup, thereby minimizing flavor and color contamination of the dispensed beverage. In addition, the water flow and syrup flow separately to outside, below the nozzle  13  where they mix, thereby minimizing splashing of beverage within the nozzle  13 . Also, after each dispensation, the nozzle is flushed with water to remove substantially any residual syrup on the nozzle. 
       FIG. 15A  illustrates the valve electronics module ( 5 ,  7 , or  8 ), which can vary in configuration according to the model employed. The valve electronics module ( 5 , 7 , or  8 ) in this example includes a lever probe connector  110  (autofill module only) four solenoid connectors  112   a ,  112   b ,  112   c  and  112   d , a front cover connector  114 , a 24 VAC connector, lever switch connectors  120   a ,  120   b  (autofill and sanitary lever models only), and nozzle probe connector  122  (autofill only). The valve&#39;s multi-functional electronics may be contained in a valve electronics housing having similar dimensions as a standard (UF-1) housing.  FIG. 15B  illustrates the valve electronics module  6  for the portion-control model, and includes front cover connector  114 , the four solenoid connectors  112   a - d  (not shown) and the 24 VAC connector  118  (not shown). As will be explained in further detail below, the electronics module controls inputs from the front cover flavor key pad or flavor switches (all models, via front cover connector  114 ), the portion control key pad (for the portion-control module), and the lever switch  18  (respectively for the autofill and sanitary lever models, via lever switch connectors  120   a  and  120   b ). The electronics module also controls actuation of and supplies power (received through the 24 VAC connector  118 ) to the solenoids  10  (via solenoid connectors  112   a - 112   d ), to control dispensation of the beverage. In the autofill model, the electronics module also supplies to and receives from the beverage a current, through the nozzle probe  19  (via nozzle probe connector  122 ) and the lever (probe)  15  (via lever probe connector  110 ). 
     As described, the software-controlled electronics module has a microprocessor which reads the inputs for the flavor switches  82   a - 82   d  on the front cover  3  or  4 , and causes the LED  84  of the selected flavor to be lit. In the self-serve model, pressing one of the flavor switches is sufficient to actuate the appropriate solenoid(s) (water only, or water and the selected syrup flavor) and start dispensation. In the autofill and sanitary switch models, the microprocessor also reads the lever switch  17  closures when the operator presses the cup against the lever  15  or  16 , which is sufficient to actuate the appropriate solenoids and start dispensation. In the portion-control model, the microprocessor instead reads the inputs from the portion control switches  70  or, if presently not dispensing, from the top-off/cancel switch  72 , which is sufficient to actuate the appropriate solenoids and start dispensation. 
     In particular, when the valve is actuated to dispense, under software control, the microprocessor of the electronics module first causes the water solenoid to be opened, and then causes the syrup solenoid to be opened after a short delay (for example, 160 milliseconds in a preferred embodiment). This delay allows the water exiting from the nozzle to fully flow prior to the syrup entering the water stream, thus minimizing splashing of the dispensed beverage into the cup. When dispensing is stopped, either manually or automatically, the open syrup solenoid is closed a short time prior to the water solenoid (for example, 160 milliseconds in a preferred embodiment). This allows water to flow and substantially clean the interior of the nozzle of any residual syrup concentrate, thereby minimizing carryover of flavor and color into the next dispensation. 
     In addition, to reduce solenoid power draw and undesirable heating of the syrup, when the electronics module causes a solenoid to be powered, it initially causes a relatively large amount of current to be sent to the solenoid coil to overcome inertia and pull the solenoid plunger up from its resting position. Once the plunger is raised above the orifice, the electronics module then causes a relatively smaller amount of pulsed current to be sent to the solenoid coil to keep the plunger raised. 
     A common PCB (printed-circuit board) is used for all the electronics module configurations, but the electronics module functionality varies for each valve model as further explained below. Since the electronics module is generally interchangeable between all preferred valve models (changing to or from the portion-control model also requires a change in the front cover), conversion between one valve model and another may be achieved. 
     The sanitary lever electronics module  7  is configured to cause the valve to dispense the selected beverage flavor when the lever switch  18  is closed, and to cause the valve to stop dispensing when the lever switch  18  is opened. 
     The self-serve electronics module  8  is configured to cause the valve to dispense the selected beverage flavor when one of the flavor switches  82  is pressed, and to cause the valve to stop dispensing when that flavor switch is released. 
     The portion control electronics module  6  is configured to cause the valve to dispense a small (S), medium (M), large (L), and extra-large (XL) portion (see  FIG. 1513 ) of the selected beverage flavor. A switch membrane  74  is included on the front of the electronics module  6  with four portion control size switches  70  and a top-off/cancel switch  72 . The dispense time for each size can be adjusted or reprogrammed, or reset to the factory default settings by the operator. The electronic module  6  will keep the appropriate solenoids activated for the entire dispensation cycle, that is, until the preprogrammed dispense time has been reached. If the top-off/cancel switch  72  is pressed during a dispensation cycle, the dispensation is canceled. If the top-off/cancel switch  72  is pressed when the valve is not dispensing, the electronic module causes the appropriate solenoids to be activated for as long as the switch remains pressed, which allows the operator to manually fill or top-off the cup. 
     In the autofill electronics module  5 , the module  5  is configured to cause dispensation to begin when the lever switch  18  is closed. An integrated liquid level sensing circuit sends a fill signal to the electronic module when an insulated cup is substantially filled and the beverage begins to spill from the cup onto the lever  15 . The electronic module in turn causes dispensation to stop by deactivating the solenoids as discussed above. A nozzle probe  19  is located in the nozzle  13  above the diffuser and supplies a current to the beverage, and the metal lever  15  functions as a receiving probe. Alternatively, the current may be supplied to the lever, and the nozzle probe functions as the receiving probe. In either case, prior to the cup filling, there is an open circuit caused by the insulated cup, between the nozzle probe and the lever. When the beverage (or beverage foam) begins to spill onto the lever  15 , the current flows through the beverage (which is known in the art to conduct current) completing the circuit between the nozzle probe and lever. There is a voltage caused by the passing of current through the resistance of the beverage. This voltage is measured, converted to a digital value, and input to the microprocessor. The microprocessor compares the measured voltage to a preset voltage threshold. If the measured voltage exceeds the threshold, the microprocessor causes the solenoids to deactivate, stopping beverage dispensation. Dispensation may also be stopped if the cup is removed from the lever  15 , opening lever switch  18 . 
     The invention has been described in connection with certain exemplary embodiments. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions, subtractions, and changes in form and details may be made to those embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the claims below.