Patent Publication Number: US-2019195846-A1

Title: Monitoring breathalyzer

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application is continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/424,771 filed Feb. 3, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/696,393 filed Apr. 25, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,562,889, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/919,887 filed Jun. 17, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,020,773, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/541,787 filed Jul. 5, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,515,704, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/426,455 filed Mar. 21, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,224,608, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/550,910 filed Oct. 24, 2011 and 61/563,706 filed Nov. 25, 2011, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The claimed invention relates generally to a breathalyzer, more specifically to a monitoring breathalyzer and an apparatus for monitoring the accuracy of the breathalyzer using the user&#39;s body as a simulator. 
     RELATED ART 
     The availability and accessibility of the breathalyzer for both professional use (as in clinical, industrial, healthcare or workplace settings) and personal use (as in the domain of general consumers) has been expanding greatly. With this expansion and the necessity for all breathalyzers to be periodically recalibrated has created many interruptions in the market. The breathalyzer currently must be mailed or delivered to select service center locations where calibration can be done using a simulation system, making the breathalyzer unavailable to the user during this calibration period, and increasingly overwhelming the service centers as the market grows. The claimed invention remedies this situation by providing a method to monitor, calibrate (or re-calibrate) the breathalyzer that greatly reduces or even eliminates the time and cost involved in shipping and handling of breathalyzers and maintenance of service centers, as well as the time and utility lost by the end user. 
     A typical breathalyzer consists primarily of an alcohol sensor component, processing unit (or CPU), and a display unit to show results. Typically, a breath alcohol sensor is calibrated to match select calibration points using standard specifications (controlled alcohol solutions), and the processing unit (or CPU) determines BAC % (blood alcohol concentration percentage) based on linear calculation using the calibration points. Over time and usage (generally after several hundred tests and or after certain period of time passed), every breath alcohol sensor will require calibration as undesirable residue and foreign substances including, but not limited to, saliva, cigarette smoke residue and food particles, change electrical value of the alcohol molecule detected by the sensor. The current system of calibration (or re-calibration) of breathalyzers by service centers takes place when a consumer or end user, with a breathalyzer in need of calibration, contacts a breathalyzer retailer. The retailer, in turn, directs the end user to ship the breathalyzer to an appropriate service center location. Upon receiving the breathalyzer, the service center uses controlled alcohol solutions in order to calibrate the device according to standard specifications. When this calibration is complete, the breathalyzer is shipped back to the end user. This procedure for calibration is time-consuming and costly in terms of shipping and handling of packages, labor hours and lost utility for the end user. There are currently over 100 retailers (online and offline) and/or distributors sell breathalyzer units to consumers and end users, whereas fewer than ten (10) service center locations exist to perform traditional breathalyzer calibrations. Due to this discrepancy, the overall increase in sales of breathalyzer units are overwhelming the service centers with requests for calibration (which are both necessary and periodic for each breathalyzer), causing ever increasing delays in the processing and delivery of breathalyzers. Such time-consuming process to calibrate the breathalyzer has led to some consumers/end users to delay calibrating their breathalyzers. Moreover, without a mechanism to monitor the accuracy of the breathalyzer, the consumer/end user may not know when their breathalyzer requires calibration. 
     Typically, the breathalyzer is calibrated using a simulator with standard alcohol solution(s), or with a dry gas cylinder. Both methods require special tool and standard solutions or gas to calibrate the breathalyzer. Accordingly, the end users must send their breathalyzers to third-party service center for calibration of their breathalyzers or purchase the special tools, e.g., a simulator to recalibrate the breathalyzers themselves. 
     The traditional calibration system and procedure involves multiple transactions and/or communications among several entities. Typically an end user (general consumer, owner or operator of a breathalyzer) contacts the retailer from which the breathalyzer was purchased in order to report that the breathalyzer is in need of calibration. Currently, the large majority of all breathalyzer retailers are unable to perform calibration themselves, so either the retailer accepts breathalyzers requiring calibration from end users and ships them in bulk to a breathalyzer service center, or the retailer directs the end user to ship the breathalyzer requiring calibration directly to the service center. When the service center receives breathalyzers requiring calibration, detailed records of receipts, shipments, customer and retailer (vendor) data must be kept and maintained in order to minimize errors in processing and shipping the calibrated breathalyzer. Further, any problems that may arise are complicated to resolve, as these problems involve several parties that are not current with the specific situation of the end user (e.g. a single calibration may involve a retailer, distributor, service center and end user). With the multiple communications, transactions, record-keeping, processing and shipping that may be involved with each calibration, a steady increase in delays, costs and other problems can be seen in the breathalyzer market, because calibrations are unavoidable and periodically necessary. 
     In order to alleviate the time and utility lost when sending a breathalyzer for calibration, some end users purchase multiple breathalyzers so that at least one breathalyzer is available for use while one or more other devices are undergoing service for calibration. Some end users cannot afford the increase in budget in order to implement this type of stopgap measure, so compromises are made either in terms of temporary suspension of breath alcohol tests or over-taxing breathalyzer units beyond the point of necessary calibration (thereby allowing the breathalyzer to display increasingly inaccurate readings). In many cases, end users elect not to use breathalyzers altogether primarily due to the complications of calibration. Although absolute necessity, the end user may not know when her breathalyzer requires calibration. This is especially important in the workplace, clinical or other professional environments where both accuracy and continuous utility are required. There is no readily available, easy to use device for monitoring the accuracy of the breathalyzer. 
     Accordingly, the claimed invention proceeds upon the desirability of providing significant benefits for both the breathalyzer service centers and the end users by providing a monitoring breathalyzer and a device for monitoring the accuracy of the breathalyzer to determine when the breathalyzer requires calibration. 
     OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, it is an object of the claimed invention to provide a significantly improved replacement for the traditional method of breathalyzer calibration that supports market security by reducing or eliminating the time and utility lost by the end user and that also expands the market by addressing the specific needs of industrial or clinical breathalyzer applications. 
     It is a further object of the claimed invention to provide a monitoring breathalyzer which solves aforementioned problems with the current breathalyzer. The end user can utilize the monitoring breathalyzer to determine if her breathalyzer requires calibration by monitoring its accuracy. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the monitoring breathalyzer comprises an alcohol sensor, a non-volatile memory, a processing unit or processor, a screen and a housing to house these components. The alcohol sensor receives a breath air sample and measuring percent blood alcohol concentration (BAC %) based on analysis of the breath sample. The non-volatile memory stores calibration data of the alcohol sensor comprising one or more reference values within the BAC % range of the breathalyzer can analyze and display. The processing unit operates the breathalyzer in two modes. In the monitoring/calibration mode, the processing unit determines the accuracy of the breathalyzer using the user&#39;s body as a simulator by receiving a BAC % measurement from the alcohol sensor based on the breath sample provided by the user at the sample time to provide a reference point. The processing unit determines the sample time based on a user&#39;s metabolism rate or based on a time to a predetermined calibration point from a drink start time. The processing unit stores the reference point. In the operation mode, the processing unit provides a BAC % reading based on the BAC % measurement by the alcohol sensor and the calibration data stored in the non-volatile memory. The processing unit displays the BAC % reading and other information for the user on the screen. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processing unit of the breathalyzer alerts the user at a predetermined time before the sample time to provide the breath sample for determining accuracy or calibrating the breathalyzer by an alarm, vibration, speaker, or a message on the screen. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid breathalyzer further comprises one or more buttons on the housing to input information about the type and amount of alcohol consumed by the user. The processing unit provides a list of alcohol types on the screen for selection by the user using the buttons and stores the selection of the user in the non-volatile memory. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processing unit of the breathalyzer modifies the sample time by a predetermined lag time for alcohol to be present in user&#39;s circulatory system after alcohol consumption by the user. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processing unit of the breathalyzer determines the metabolism rate of the user based on the maximum alcohol level and BAC % measurements of the user&#39;s breath samples over a predetermined period of time. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processing unit of the breathalyzer receives BAC % measurement from the alcohol sensor based on the breath sample provided by the user at a predetermined interval until a statistically significant number of measurements are obtained to determine the metabolism rate of the user. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processing unit of the breathalyzer alerts the user to provide the breath sample at the predetermined interval by an alarm or a message on the screen. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid breathalyzer is one of the following: a portable breathalyzer, a coin-operated breathalyzer, a key-chain breathalyzer or a car ignition breathalyzer. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid breathalyzer further comprises a heating unit to warm up the alcohol sensor to a predetermined temperature. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid alcohol sensor of the breathalyzer detects changes in conductivity according to varying levels of alcohol concentration in said breath sample. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, apparatus for determining the accuracy of a breathalyzer using a user&#39;s body as a simulator comprises an input device, a processor, a memory and a screen. The input device receives information regarding a metabolism rate of the user, type and amount of alcohol consumed by the user, and a drinking start time. The processor determines a maximum alcohol level from the type and amount of the alcohol consumed by the user, determining a sample time to receive a breath sample by the breathalyzer from the user based on a time to a predetermined calibration point from the drinking start time calculated using the metabolism rate of the user and the maximum alcohol level. The processor receives a BAC % measurement taken by the breathalyzer based on the breath sample provided by the user at the sample time to provide a reference value. The memory stores the reference value in the breathalyzer. The processor displays the reference value to be inputted by the user into the breathalyzer on the screen to provide a calibration data which is stored in the breathalyzer and used by the breathalyzer to provide BAC % reading to the user. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid apparatus is one of the following processor based device: a personal digital assistant, a smart phone, a tablet, a laptop, a personal computer, a GPS navigation system, a digital camera and other comparable electronic device. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid apparatus further comprises a communications unit to provide a wired or wireless communication with the breathalyzer. The aforesaid processor receives BAC % measurements from the breathalyzer via the communications unit. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid predetermined calibration point is at least one of the following: blood alcohol concentration of 0.01 or 0.02. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid apparatus is one of the following: a portable breathalyzer, a coin-operated breathalyzer, a key-chain breathalyzer, or a car ignition breathalyzer. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, a web-enabled, processor based client device for determining accuracy of a breathalyzer is provided. A processor of the client device determines accuracy of the breathalyzer using a user&#39;s body as a simulator. The process receives a sample time determined by a processor based web server over a communications network. The sample time is determined based on a time to a predetermined calibration point from a drink start time. The processor receives a percent blood alcohol concentration (BAC %) measurement taken by the breathalyzer based on the breath sample provided by the user at the sample time. The processor transmits the BAC % measurement to the web server over the communications network and receives a reference point determined from the BAC % measurement by the web server. The reference point is stored in a memory of the client device. The reference point to be inputted by the user as a calibration data into the breathalyzer is displayed on the screen of the client device. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processor receives the time to the predetermined calibration point from the drinking start time determined by the web server based on a maximum alcohol level and a user&#39;s metabolism rate. The web server determines the maximum alcohol level from a type and an amount of alcohol consumed by the user, and determines the user&#39;s metabolism rate based on the maximum alcohol level and BAC % measurement over a predetermined period of time. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid processor alerts the user at a predetermined time before the sample time to provide the breath sample to the breathalyzer by an alarm or a message on the screen. The BAC % measurements of the breath samples provided to the breathalyzer by the user at a predetermined interval is inputted on the input device of the client device until a statistically significant number of measurements are obtained to determine the user&#39;s metabolism rate. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the aforesaid client device further comprises a communications unit to provide a wired or wireless communication with the breathalyzer. The aforesaid processor receives BAC % measurements from the breathalyzer via the communications unit. 
     The traditional calibration system and procedure involves multiple transactions and/or communications among several entities. Typically an end user (general consumer, owner or operator of a breathalyzer) contacts the retailer from which the breathalyzer was purchased in order to report that the breathalyzer is in need of calibration. Currently, the large majority of all breathalyzer retailers are unable to perform calibration themselves, so either the retailer accepts breathalyzers requiring calibration from end users and ships them in bulk to a breathalyzer service center, or the retailer directs the end user to ship the breathalyzer requiring calibration directly to the service center. When the service center receives breathalyzers requiring calibration, detailed records of receipts, shipments, customer and retailer (vendor) data must be kept and maintained in order to minimize errors in processing and shipping the calibrated breathalyzer. Further, any problems that may arise are complicated to resolve, as these problems involve several parties that are not current with the specific situation of the end user (e.g. a single calibration may involve a retailer, distributor, service center and end user). With the multiple communications, transactions, record-keeping, processing and shipping that may be involved with each calibration, a steady increase in delays, costs and other problems can be seen in the breathalyzer market, because calibrations are unavoidable and periodically necessary. 
     Various other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the ensuing detailed description, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
       The following detailed descriptions, given by way of example, and not intended to limit the present invention solely thereto, will be best be understood in conjunction with the accompanying figures: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a calibrating breathalyzer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating the primary circuitry of the alcohol sensor and non-volatile memory of the breathalyzer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of a calibrating apparatus for calibrating a standard breathalyzer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram of a processor based device incorporating the calibrating breathalyzer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention; and 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of a communication network incorporating a web-based calibrating apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     The Breath Alcohol Testing Device is also commonly called a “breathalyser” or a “breathalyzer” (hereinafter breathalyzer), and includes both portable (PBT or Portable Breath Tester), stationary (coin-operated breathalyzer or similar) units, car engine immobilizing breath alcohol tester, and alcohol tester installed on other electronic device, such as a cell phone, a tablet, a lap-top, a personal digital assistant, a GPS navigation device, etc. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the breathalyzer&#39;s processor, microcontroller, microprocessor, processing unit or signal processing unit  100  (collectively referred to herein as the “processor” or “processing unit”) is connected to an alcohol sensor  200 , a heating unit  210  and a non-volatile memory  220 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the sensor circuitry  11  of the alcohol sensor  200 , a heating circuitry  13  of the heating unit  210  and a memory circuitry  15  of the non-volatile memory  220  are on a printed circuit board (PCB)  60  and connected to the CPU circuitry  30  of the processing unit  100 . The non-volatile memory unit  220  can be EEPROM, flash drive, NAND and the like to store initial factory calibration data for the alcohol sensor  200 . The sensor circuitry  11  of the alcohol sensor  200  is operable to detect changes in conductivity according to varying levels of alcohol concentration. The heating unit  210  is operable to warm up the alcohol sensor  200  to a pre-determined temperature. The non-volatile memory unit  220  stores initial factory calibration data, which is used by the breathalyzer&#39;s processor or processing unit  100  to recalibrate the breathalyzer  1000 . The memory circuitry  15  can include various pins, such as pin  7  labeled as “W/P,” which means “write-protect,” to prevent the non-volatile memory unit  220  from losing the calibration data. 
     The sensor circuitry  11  comprises a variable resistor which varies depending on how much alcohol is in the air near or in close proximity to the alcohol sensor  200 . The more alcohol is in the air, the lower the resistance. That is, breathalyzer  1000  measures the alcohol in the breath by measuring the resistance. Instead of measuring the resistance, the breath alcohol sensor  200  can measure the voltage level between the sensor circuitry  11  and the load resistor R 1 . The sensor circuitry  11  and the load resistor essentially forms a voltage divider, and the lower the resistance of the sensor circuitry  11 , the higher the sensor voltage reading. It is generally known that breath and blood alcohol content differ by a factor of 2100. That is, for every mg of alcohol in the breath, there are 2100 mg of alcohol in the blood. So BAC % (blood alcohol content or concentration percentage) equals breath mg/L*0.21. Accordingly, the non-volatile memory  220  additionally stores sensor voltage readings and resistance measurements of various predetermined BAC % and breath mg/L. 
     Returning to  FIG. 2 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the breathalyzer&#39;s processor or processing unit  100  communicates with the sensor circuitry  11  through a pin  3  and communicates with the memory circuit  15  through pins  4  and  5  to retrieve, e.g., the calibration data from the non-volatile memory  220 . 
     Typically, the user purchases the breathalyzer  1000  for work (e.g., a police officer can use it for sobriety testing), clinical studies, personal use, etc. For example, under the U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT) workplace testing program (see 49 CFR, Part 40), transportation employers are required to test employees working in certain safety sensitive positions for alcohol under certain conditions. The DOT workplace testing program requires that breath test instrument manufacturers provide employers with this Quality Assurance Plan, which, together with the operating instructions that are provided with the Alcolyzer and Alcolyzer Sensor Modules, will assist in assuring that breath testers are calibrated to the required degree of accuracy. 
     After many repeated uses, the breathalyzer generally requires calibration due to electrical drifting of one or more components of the alcohol sensor  200  and/or other problems discussed herein. Typically, the breathalyzer  1000  requires calibration after being used for 200-2000 times (varying depend on the type of alcohol sensor and other factors noted herein). For example, any device on the DOT&#39;s Conforming Products List (CPL) for calibrators can be used for calibration checks. At the first calibration point or calibrator at breath alcohol concentration 0.05 (or blood alcohol concentration of 0.01), the breathalyzer should be within +/−0.005 agreement. At the second calibration point or calibrator at breath alcohol concentration 0.10 (or blood alcohol concentration of 0.02), the breathalyzer should be within +/−0.005 agreement. No negative result should occur when using a calibrator at breath alcohol concentration 0.032. As noted herein, BAC % (blood alcohol content or concentration percentage) equals breath mg/L*0.21. In other words, the first calibration point of BrAC1 of Calibration Point Interval between calibration checks: 30 days or 100 tests, whichever comes first. Interval between periodic inspection (visual check of properly working interface): 30 days. Interval between maintenance: 12 months or 1000 tests, whichever comes first. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the alcohol sensor  200  or the processing unit  100  of the breathalyzer  1000  can perform calibration tests periodically or upon request by the operator (i.e., pressing a button  310  or using a pin hole  310  on the housing of the breathalyzer) to monitor the accuracy of the alcohol sensor  200 . 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, when the user initiates monitoring or calibration, the breathalyzer  1000  enters a monitoring/calibration mode. In the monitoring/calibration mode, the processor or processing unit  100  reads the initial factory calibration data for the alcohol sensor  200  from the non-volatile memory  220 . The initial factory calibration data can include one or more predetermined BAC&#39;s %, and corresponding sensor voltage measurements and resistance measurements. For each predetermined BAC %, the breathalyzer  1000  applies the corresponding stored sensor voltage, and then measures the resistance. If the measured resistance is different from the stored resistance measurement for one or more predetermined BAC %&#39;s, then the processor/processing unit  100  recalibrates the breathalyzer  1000  by adjusting the correspondence or relationship between the BAC %, resistance and the sensor voltage. Further, the processor/processing unit  100  replaces the stored resistance measurement in the non-volatile memory  220  with the measured resistance value. Alternatively, for each predetermined BAC %, the breathalyzer  1000  applies the corresponding stored resistance, and then measures the sensor voltage. If the measured sensor voltage is different from the stored sensor voltage measurement for one or more predetermined BAC&#39;s %, then the processor/processing unit  100  recalibrates the breathalyzer  1000  by adjusting the correspondence or relationship between the BAC %, the resistance, and the sensor voltage. Further, the processor/processing unit  100  replaces the stored sensor voltage measurement in the non-volatile memory  220  with the measured sensor voltage value. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the breathalyzer  1000  determines the change in the relationship between BAC %, resistance and sensor voltage. The breath alcohol sensor measurement is then recalibrated to account for this change in the relationship between BAC % resistance and sensor voltage. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the breathalyzer  1000  can be monitored and calibrated by the end user without requiring any special tools (e.g., simulator with either standard alcohol solution(s) or dry gas) or without utilizing third party services. The claimed breathalyzer  1000  essentially utilizes the human body as the simulator and operator&#39;s breadth air after consumption of predetermined volume of alcohol (e.g., BAC %) as the standard alcohol solution or dry gas, thereby enabling the user to monitor/calibrate her breathalyzer at anytime without utilizing the current inefficient and costly calibration process. As soon as one drinks alcohol, the alcohol moves within the body through the circulatory system. As the body begins to metabolize the alcohol based on the user&#39;s metabolism rate, the alcohol level in the body decreases gradually over time. The processor  100  predicts or determines how long after the consumption of the alcohol (hereinafter the “elapsed time”), the user&#39;s breath will contain approximately one of the predetermined BACs % based on the user&#39;s metabolism rate. It is appreciated that the required calibration points can be predetermined at the factory or established by the user before initiating the self-calibration process. The claimed breathalyzer  1000  can employ one or more calibration values or points, e.g., 0.005 BAC %, 0.01 BAC %, etc. That is, the claimed invention proceeds upon the desirability of utilizing the end user&#39;s or operator&#39;s body as a simulator or cylinder by recording and/or determining the period of time required to reach the predetermined calibration point(s) after consuming the predetermined volume (and/or level) of alcohol. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, after receiving the information regarding the type, amount and time of the alcohol consumed by the user, the processor  100  sets the timer to zero and alerts the user to provide a breath sample when the timer nears the elapsed time. The processor  100  stores the measured BAC % as a reference value or a calibration data in the non-volatile memory  220  and provides BAC % measurement during the normal operation mode based on linear calculation using the stored reference point or calibration data. Details of BAC % calculation are set forth in a document issued by the DOR/NHTSA on October 1994, entitled “Computing of BAC Estimate,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety. The processor  100  repeats this process other predetermined BAC % or calibration points. For example, if there are two predetermined calibration points, then the processor  100  determines the elapsed time  1  for the first calibration point and the elapsed time  2  for the second calibration point based on the user&#39;s metabolism rate. The processor  100  sets the timer to zero and alerts the user to provide a first breath sample when the timer nears the elapsed time  1  and a second breath sample when the timer nears elapsed time  2 . The processor  100  stores the measured BAC % at these two elapsed times as reference points in the non-volatile memory  220  and provides BAC % measurement during the normal operation mode based on linear calculation using the stored reference points. It is appreciated that the maximum BAC % for calibration must exceed the highest reference point. 
     Typically, the user purchases the breathalyzer for work (e.g., a police officer can use it for sobriety testing), clinical studies, personal use, etc. After many repeated uses, the breathalyzer generally requires calibration as discussed herein. When the standard breathalyzer requires calibration, the user contacts the retailer and the retailer directs the user to an appropriate service center. The user then ships the standard breathalyzer to the service center for calibration. Upon receipt of the standard breathalyzer, the service center calibrates the standard breathalyzer, e.g., using the simulation system, and ships the calibrated breathalyzer back to the user, thereby enabling the user use the standard breathalyzer to calculate or measure BAC %. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the alcohol sensor  200  or the processing unit  100  of the breathalyzer  1000  can perform calibration tests periodically, at the request of the operator or user, to monitor the accuracy of the breathalyzer  1000 , such as once a month, once every three months, or after a predetermined number of measurements. In addition or alternatively, the alcohol sensor  200  or the processing unit  100  of the breathalyzer  1000  can perform calibration test before each measurement. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, after consuming predetermined volume and/or level of alcohol, the user can operate the claimed breathalyzer  1000  in the monitoring/calibration mode to initiate the calibration or determine the accuracy of the breathalyzer  1000  using the user&#39;s body as a simulator. In the monitoring/calibration mode, the processor  100  determines the accuracy of the alcohol sensor  200  or self-calibrates the breathalyzer  1000  utilizing the user&#39;s body as a simulator based on information received from the user. After consuming the alcohol, the user enters the type and amount of alcohol consumed, e.g., one 12 ounce bottle or can of beer (5% alcohol by volume), one 5 ounce glass of wine (12% alcohol by volume) or one 1.5 ounce shot of hard liquor (40% alcohol by volume), etc., into the breathalyzer  100  using the buttons or pin holes  310 . Preferably the user selects the type of alcohol consumed from a list on the display or screen  300  using the buttons/pin holes  310  and enters the amount, e.g., two 12 ounce cans of beer, and how long ago (i.e., time elapsed between the consumption of the alcohol and entry of such information into the breathalyzer  1000 ). That is, the processor  100  displays a list of alcohol types on the screen  300  and the user selects the type of alcohol consumed using the buttons/pin holes  310 . The processor  100  stores the user&#39;s selection in the non-volatile memory  220 , and requests the user to enter the number, volume or amount of the selected alcohol consumed by the user on the screen  300 , which is also stored in the non-volatile memory  220 . Further, the user enters the time when the user started drinking the selected alcohol or the start time into the breathalyzer  1000  using the buttons  310 . In accordance with an exemplary aspect of the claimed invention, the processor  100  determines the total drinking time in minutes. Since it takes time before alcohol circulates in the user&#39;s blood after consumption, this lag time, which is generally approximately 5˜10 minutes, is used to modify the start time. The processor uses the modified start time to set timer to zero in measuring/calculating the elapsed time(s) for the calibration point(s). 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the processor  100  calculates or receives the user&#39;s metabolism rate and stores it in the non-volatile memory  220 , preferably, this is performed before the breathalyzer  1000  is used for the first time. After consuming the alcohol, the user enters the type and amount of alcohol consumed, e.g., one 12 ounce bottle or can of beer (5% alcohol by volume), one 5 ounce glass of wine (12% alcohol by volume) or one 1.5 ounce shot of hard liquor (40% alcohol by volume), etc., into the breathalyzer  100  using the buttons  310 . Preferably the user selects the type of alcohol consumed from a list on the screen  300  using the buttons  310  and enters the amount, e.g., two 12 ounce cans of beer. That is, the processor  100  displays a list of alcohol types on the screen  300  and the user selects the type of alcohol consumed using the buttons  310 . The processor  100  stores the user&#39;s selection in the non-volatile memory  220 , and requests the user to enter the number, volume or amount of the selected alcohol consumed by the user on the screen  300 , which is also stored in the non-volatile memory  220 . As the body begins to metabolize the alcohol, the alcohol level in the body decreases gradually over time based on the user&#39;s metabolism rate. The processor  100  can determine the maximum alcohol level from the type and amount of alcohol consumed by the user, e.g., two 12 ounce cans of beer or one 1.5 ounce shot of hard liquor, etc. After receiving the user&#39;s entry regarding the alcohol consumption, the processor  100  periodically, e.g., every five or ten minutes, requests the user to provide the breath samples until sufficient number of measurements are obtained. It is appreciated that the range of BAC % measurements should be statistically significant to determine the user&#39;s metabolism rate. The processor  100  can determine the user&#39;s metabolism rate based on the maximum alcohol level and the BAC % measurements. That is, since the decrease in user&#39;s BAC % measurements (i.e., percent alcohol in the user&#39;s blood) correlates with user&#39;s metabolism rate, the processor  100  can determine the user&#39;s metabolism rate from the change and/or the rate of change in percent alcohol in the user&#39;s blood or BAC % measurements over time. It is appreciated that the processor  100  can employ other known methodologies to determine the user metabolism rate, such as based on user&#39;s weight, gender, frequency of alcohol consumption and personal variation. 
     After many repeated uses of the breathalyzer  100  to calculate or measure BAC %, the breathalyzer  1000  generally requires calibration as discussed herein. Typically, the breathalyzer  1000  requires calibration after being used for 100-3000 times (varying depend on the factors noted herein). Alternatively, the alcohol sensor  200  or the processing unit  100  of the breathalyzer  1000  can perform tests periodically or upon request by the operator (i.e., pressing a button on the housing of the breathalyzer  1000 ) to monitor the accuracy of the alcohol sensor  200 . The user can initiate monitoring or calibration by operating the breathalyzer  1000  in the monitoring/calibration mode. As noted herein, after consuming the alcohol, the user enters the type and amount of alcohol consumed, e.g., two 5 ounce glasses of wine or one 1.5 ounce shot of hard liquor, into the breathalyzer  100  using the buttons  310 . Preferably the user selects the type of alcohol consumed from a list on the screen  300  using the buttons  310  and enters the amount, e.g., two 12 ounce cans of beer, and how long ago (i.e., time elapsed between the consumption of the alcohol and entry of such information into the breathalyzer  1000 ). That is, the processor  100  displays a list of alcohol types on the screen  300  and the user selects the type of alcohol consumed using the buttons  310 . The processor  100  stores the user&#39;s selection in the non-volatile memory  220 , and requests the user to enter the number, volume or amount of the selected alcohol consumed by the user on the screen  300 , which is also stored in the non-volatile memory  220 . Further, the user enters the time when the user started drinking the selected alcohol or the start time into the breathalyzer  1000  using the buttons  310 . The processor  100  uses the start time modified by the lag time to set the timer to zero in measuring/calculating the elapsed time(s) for the calibration point(s). 
     As the body begins to metabolize the alcohol based on the user&#39;s metabolism rate, the alcohol level in the body decreases gradually over time. BAC is highly related to the amount of alcohol consumed over time, but it is also influenced by other factors such as weight of the drinker, alcohol tolerance of the drinker, etc. BAC is determined based on a person&#39;s weight, gender, number of drinks consumed, and time elapsed from the start of the alcoholic consumption. BAC calculations are based on physiological facts that alcohol distributes itself in the total water of the body and it is primarily disposed by metabolism in the liver. Alcohol concentration is defined in terms of the weight of ethanol (Ethyl alcohol) in volume of breath. In the United States, the typical measure is grams of ethanol in 210 liters of breath. 
     Based on the information received from the user regarding the consumed alcohol, the processor  100  can determine the maximum alcohol level. Based on the user&#39;s stored metabolism rate and information received from the user regarding the consumed alcohol, the processor  100  can determine the elapsed time before the user&#39;s breath will contain one of the calibration points or predetermined BAC %. Alcohol is metabolized from the time that ingestion begins. It takes a few seconds for alcohol to reach the liver and for metabolism to commence after drinking. The claimed breathalyzer  1000  can employ one or more calibration points, e.g., 0.005 BAC %, 0.01 BAC %, etc. Preferably, the claimed breathalyzer  1000  employs at least two calibration points: 0.05 BAC % and 0.10 BAC %. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, after receiving the information regarding the type, amount and time of the alcohol consumed by the user, the processor  100  sets the timer to zero and alerts the user to provide a breath sample when the timer nears the elapsed time. The processor  100  stores the measured BAC % as a new reference point or calibration data in the non-volatile memory  220  and provides BAC % measurement during the normal operation mode based on linear calculation using the reference point(s) stored in the non-volatile memory  220 . Although one calibration point is used in this example, it is appreciated that more than calibration point can be used to obtain multiple new reference points. The processor  100  provides BAC % measurement during the normal operation mode based on linear calculation using the new and original reference points. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 3 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, apparatus  500  for monitoring and calibrating a standard breathalyzer  600  using a user&#39;s body as a simulator comprises an input device  510 , a processor  520 , a memory  530  and a screen  540 . It is appreciated that the monitoring/calibrating apparatus  500  can be any processor based device, such as a personal digital assistant, a smart phone, a tablet, a laptop, a personal computer, a GPS navigation device, a digital camera and the like. The input device  510 , such as a keyboard, touchpad, mouse, buttons and the like, receives information regarding a metabolism rate of the user, type and amount of alcohol consumed by the user, and a drinking start time. Preferably, the processor  520  of the apparatus  500  provides a list of alcohol types on the screen  540  for selection by the user using the input device  510  and the memory  530  stores the selection of the user. The processor  520  determines a maximum alcohol level from the type and amount of the alcohol consumed by the user. The processor  520  also determines a sample time to receive a breath sample by the breathalyzer  600  from the user based on a time to a predetermined calibration point from the drinking start time calculated using the metabolism rate of the user and the maximum alcohol level. Preferably, the processor  520  modifies the sample time by a predetermined lag time, e.g., 5 to 10 minutes, for the alcohol to be present in user&#39;s circulatory system after the alcohol is consumed by the user. The processor  520  receives a BAC % measurement taken by the breathalyzer  600  based on the breath sample provided by the user at the sample time to provide a reference point. Preferably, the processor  520  alerts the user at a predetermined time before the sample time to provide the breath sample to the breathalyzer  600  by an alarm or a message on the screen  540 . The memory  530  stores the reference point for use as a calibration data by the breathalyzer  600 . The screen  540  presents the reference point to be inputted by the user into the breathalyzer  600  to provide a calibration data which is stored in the breathalyzer  600  and used by the breathalyzer  600  to provide BAC % readings for the breath samples. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the processor  520  of the apparatus  500  can determine the metabolism rate of the user based on the maximum alcohol level and BAC % measurements of the user&#39;s breath samples taken by the breathalyzer  600  over a predetermined period of time, e.g., 1-3 hours, until one or more predetermined BAC % measurements or calibration points are reached. The processor  520  can alert the user to provide the breath sample to the breathalyzer  600  at a predetermined interval by an alarm or a message on the screen  540  until a statistically significant number of measurements are obtained to determine the metabolism rate of the user. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as DVD, CD, memory stick, USB drive, and other known storage device, comprises computer executable code for monitoring and calibrating of a breathalyzer  600  using a user&#39;s body as a simulator. The code comprises instructions for the processor based device  500  to (1) receive information regarding a metabolism rate of the user, type and amount of alcohol consumed by the user, and a drinking start time; (2) determine a maximum alcohol level from the type and amount of the alcohol consumed by the user by the processor based device  500 ; (3) determine a sample time to receive a breath sample by the breathalyzer  600  from the user based on a time to a predetermined calibration point from the drinking start time calculated by the processor based device  500  using the metabolism rate of the user and the maximum alcohol level; (4) receive a BAC % measurement taken by the breathalyzer  600  based on the breath sample provided by the user at the sample time to provide a reference point; (5) store the reference value/point; and (6) display the reference point to be inputted by the user into the breathalyzer  600  to provide a calibration data which is stored in the breathalyzer  600  and used by the breathalyzer  600  to provide BAC % readings for the breath samples. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the computer executable code can be downloaded from a provider&#39;s website or web server  800  via a communications network or Internet, as shown in  FIG. 5  or installed from a computer readable storage medium to a processor based device  500  to calibrate the standard breathalyzer  600  using the user&#39;s or operator&#39;s body as a simulator. The processor based device  500  can be a personal digital assistant, a cell or smart phone, a tablet, a laptop, a personal computer, a GPS navigation device, a digital camera or other comparable devices. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, as shown in  FIGS. 1-3 , an alcohol testing unit  700  comprises at least the alcohol sensor  200 , and a sensor cover  710  comprising a plurality of holes and an input/output port  720 . Additionally, the alcohol testing unit  700  can comprises one or more buttons/pin holes  310  and/or a heating unit  210 . The alcohol testing unit  700  communicates with the processor based device  500  via the input/output port  720 . It is appreciated that input/output port  720  can be any standard computer interface, such as universal serial bus (USB) connector  720 . Although, not shown, the alcohol testing unit  700  can further comprises a communication unit  730  to wirelessly communicate with the processor based device  500  over a wireless network, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth and the like. The user provides a breath sample to the alcohol testing unit  700  by blowing through the sensor cover  710  and onto the alcohol sensor  200  positioned behind the sensor cover  710 . It is appreciated that the alcohol sensor  200  can be located elsewhere in the alcohol testing unit  700  and the user&#39;s breath sample can be directed to the alcohol sensor  200  via an optional air tube (not shown). The alcohol sensor  200  provides the BAC % measurement to the processor based device  500  running a breathalyzer application/program which can be downloaded onto the processor based device  500  from the provider&#39;s website/web server  800  or loaded from the non-transitory computer readable storage medium. That is, the claimed invention can convert any processor based electronic device  500  into a breathalyzer utilizing the alcohol testing unit  700  and the breathalyzer application/program. The external alcohol testing unit  700  can be monitored and/or calibrated using the user&#39;s body as a simulator as described herein. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the processor based device  500  comprises a built-in or internal alcohol testing unit  700 , thereby eliminating the need to connect (e.g., via a wireless or wired connection) the external alcohol testing unit  700  to the processor based device  500 . The processor based device  500  can be utilized both as a breathalyzer and a cell phone, a tablet, a GPS navigation system, a laptop, a PC, a digital camera, a personal digital assistant, etc. As shown in  FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 , the user provides a breath sample to the processor based device  500  through the sensor cover  710  and onto the alcohol sensor  200  positioned behind the sensor cover  710 . It is appreciated that the alcohol sensor  200  can be located elsewhere in the alcohol testing unit  700  and the user&#39;s breath sample can be directed to the alcohol sensor  200  via an optional air tube (not shown). The built-in or internal alcohol testing unit  700  can be calibrated using the user&#39;s body as a simulator as described herein. 
     In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the claimed invention, the user can access and utilize a monitoring/calibration application from the provider&#39;s website or web server  800  to calibrate the breathalyzer using a web-enabled client device  500 , such as a laptop, a tablet, a cell or smart phone, a personal digital assistant, etc. After invoking the calibration application, using the web-enabled client device  500 , the user enters information regarding the user&#39;s metabolism rate, type and amount alcohol consumed by the user, and the drinking start time. Preferably, the web server  800  provides a list of alcohol types to the web-enabled client device  500  to display on the screen  540  for selection by the user using the input device  510  of the web-enabled client device  500 . The user&#39;s selection can be stored in the memory of the web-enabled client device and/or the web server  800 . The web-enabled client device  500  transmits the entered information to the web server  800  over the Internet. 
     The web server  800  determines a maximum alcohol level from the type and amount of the alcohol consumed by the user. The web server  800  also determines a sample time to receive a breath sample by the breathalyzer  600  from the user based on a time to a predetermined calibration point from the drinking start time calculated using the metabolism rate of the user and the maximum alcohol level. Preferably, the web server  800  modifies the sample time by a predetermined lag time, e.g., 5 or 10 minutes, for the alcohol to be present in user&#39;s circulatory system after the alcohol is consumed by the user. The web server  800  receives a BAC % measurement taken by the breathalyzer  600  based on the breath sample provided by the user at the sample time to provide a reference point. Preferably, the web server  800  instructs the web-enabled client device  500  to alert the user at a predetermined time before the sample time to provide the breath sample to the breathalyzer  600  by an alarm or a message on the screen  540 . The memory of the web-enabled client device  500  and/or web server  800  stores the reference point for use as a calibration data by the breathalyzer  600 . The screen  540  presents the reference point to be inputted by the user into the breathalyzer  600  to provide a calibration data which is stored in the breathalyzer  600  and used by the breathalyzer  600  to provide BAC % readings for the breath samples. 
     The present invention, having been described, will make apparent to those skilled in the art that the same may be varied in many ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.