Patent Publication Number: US-2016220754-A1

Title: Portable medicine injection device and analyte metering system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent document is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/371,401, entitled “PORTABLE MEDICINE INJECTION DEVICE AND ANALYTE METERING SYSTEM” filed Jul. 9, 2014, which is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/US2013/062048 filed Sep. 26, 2013, which claims the benefit of priority from Canadian Patent Application No. 2,808,738, entitled “PORTABLE MEDICINE INJECTION DEVICE AND ANALYTE METERING SYSTEM” filed Mar. 6, 2013, now granted as Canadian Patent No. 2,808,738, on Mar. 18, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/706,071, entitled “PORTABLE MEDICINE INJECTION DEVICE” filed on Sep. 26, 2012. The entire disclosure of the above-referenced applications is incorporated by reference as part of the specification of this application. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This patent document relates to medicine injection devices technologies, including portable medicine injection devices such as portable insulin injection devices for self-administration by diabetic patients. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases associated with high blood sugar, e.g., which may be due to insufficient production of insulin by the body or inadequate response by cells to the insulin that is produced. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Type  1  diabetes results from the body&#39;s failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin (e.g., manually or using a wearable insulin pump). Type  2  diabetes results from insulin resistance, in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. Types  1  and  2  diabetes are considered chronic conditions that cannot be cured. The third main form, referred to as gestational diabetes, can occur when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level, e.g., which can develop into type 2 diabetes, but often resolves after the pregnancy. Other forms of diabetes include congenital diabetes (e.g., due to genetic defects of insulin secretion), cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes (e.g., due to high doses of glucocorticoids), and other forms of monogenic diabetes. 
     For example, diabetes, without proper treatment, may cause acute complications, e.g., including hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, or in some instances, may cause serious long-term complications, e.g., cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, and/or diabetic retinopathy (retinal damage). Adequate treatment of diabetes is thus important, as well as controlling blood pressure and managing lifestyle factors such as nonsmoking and healthy body weight. Insulin is used to treat the many of the forms of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes. Other medications are used to treat type 2 diabetes. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems, devices, and techniques are described for injecting a medicine using a mechanical dose setting and dispensing mechanism with built in intelligence to track the use of the medicine and communicate the data in a closed loop system. 
     In one aspect of the disclosed technology, a method to dispense a medicine includes inserting a cartridge containing a medicine into a cartridge holder coupled to a housing of a medicine injection device, positioning a spine component of the device to make contact with the cartridge in the cartridge holder, selecting a dose of the medicine for injection, in which the selecting includes rotating an injection component of the device to a setting corresponding to the selected dose, and linearly advancing the injection component to rotate a drive gear coupled to the injection component to drive the spine component so as to push the end of the cartridge to dispense the medicine in the amount of the selected dose. 
     In another aspect, a device to dispense a medicine includes a housing configured to include a curved channel, a cartridge holder coupled to the housing via a pivot joint, the cartridge holder including a chamber structured to encase a cartridge containing a medicine and having a first opening that aligns with one end of the curved channel and a second opening at the opposite end of the chamber, and a dose setting and injecting mechanism. The dose setting and injection mechanism includes (i) a spine component housed in the curved channel of the housing, the spine component including a plurality of link structures linked together to allow curved movement of the spine component within the curved channel, in which the one end of the curved channel includes a channel opening interlaced with the first opening to enable the spine component to push against the cartridge for dispensing a selected amount of the medicine through the second opening, (ii) a shaft component structured to include a threaded cylindrical section encased at least in part within the housing and a knob disposed at least in part outside of the housing, (iii) a gear mechanism including a rod having a first gear and a second gear which is coupled to the spine component, and a drive gear having a first gear engagement for engaging to the first gear and a second gear engagement for engaging to threads of the threaded cylindrical section of the shaft component, in which, upon engaging the first gear and the drive gear to each other, a linear movement of the shaft component moves the spine component, and (iv) a disengagement button coupled to the rod to disengage the first gear and the drive gear from each other, e.g., to allow the spine component to move independent of the shaft component. The device can be operated such that a rotation of the shaft component moves the shaft component to a distance from the housing that corresponds selected amount of the medicine. 
     In another aspect, a health management system includes an analyte monitoring device to determine a concentration level of an analyte; a computing system in communication with the analyte monitoring device, in which the computing system includes a memory unit and a processor configured to process data; and a medicine injection device in communication with at least one of the analyte monitoring device or the computing system. The medicine injection device includes a housing configured to include a curved channel, a cartridge holder coupled to the housing via a pivot joint, the cartridge holder including a chamber structured to encase a cartridge containing a medicine and having a first opening that aligns with a first end of the curved channel and a second opening, and a dose setting and injecting mechanism. The dose setting and injection mechanism includes (i) a spine component housed in the curved channel of the housing, the spine component including a plurality of link structures linked together to allow curved movement of the spine component within the curved channel, in which the first end of the curved channel includes a channel opening interlaced with the first opening to enable the spine component to push against the cartridge for dispensing a selected amount of the medicine through the second opening, (ii) a shaft component structured to include a threaded cylindrical section encased at least in part within the housing and a knob disposed at least in part outside of the housing, (iii) a gear mechanism including a rod having a first gear and a second gear, the second gear coupled to the spine component, and a drive gear having a first gear engagement mechanism for engaging to the first gear and a second gear engagement mechanism for engaging to threads of the threaded cylindrical section of the shaft component, in which, upon engagement of the first gear and the drive gear to each other, a linear movement of the shaft component moves the spine component, and (iv) a disengagement button coupled to the rod to disengage the first gear and the drive gear from each other, thereby allowing the spine component to move independent of the shaft component, in which a rotation of the shaft component moves the shaft component to a distance from the housing that corresponds to the selected amount of the medicine. 
     The subject matter described in this patent document can be implemented in specific ways that provide one or more of the following features. For example, the disclosed medicine dispensing device can be configured to have a small, compact size enabling convenient portability of the device, e.g., in which a user can store within one&#39;s pocket, purse, handbag, etc. For example, the disclosed medicine dispensing device can include an electronic display that provides the user with information including, but not limited to, a current dose setting that the device is dialed to inject, the amount of medicine previously injected from the existing loaded medicine cartridge in the device, the type of medicine in the loaded cartridge (e.g., such as the name of the drug, manufactured lot number, etc.), when to perform medicine injections, and instructions for the user about the use of the device or status of the device. For example, the disclosed medicine dispensing device can include a cartridge holder that opens and closes in a manner that provides ease of loading and removal of a medicine cartridge. For example, the disclosed medicine dispensing device can include an optical scanner that can scan an identification code located on the medicine cartridge and detect the type of medicine contained in the cartridge, e.g., which can be processed as data in the device. For example, the disclosed medicine dispensing device can be implemented as a reusable medicine dispensing pen that communicates wirelessly with other devices, e.g., such as a blood glucose monitor, mobile phone or computing device including a user interface for health management (e.g., including glucose monitoring and insulin treatments), creating a closed loop system that provides convenience and ease of use for a user to monitor analyte levels and perform drug-related treatments. For example, the closed loop system can enable the information stored on the disclosed medicine injection device to be relayed (e.g., such as the type, amount, and injection time of a medicine) to other device(s), which can store the reported information as data and utilize the stored data with other user data that can be used in health management, e.g. in real time). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A-1F  show schematics of an exemplary medicine injection device based on the disclosed technology. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  show block diagrams of processes to operate the exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIG. 3A  shows a schematic illustrating a process to load a medicine cartridge into an exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIGS. 3B and 3C  show schematics showing an exemplary torsion spring mechanism configured to enable loading/unloading of a medicine cartridge into the exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  show schematics illustrating a process to prepare the exemplary medicine injection device for an injection. 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic illustrating a process to select a dose of medicine to dispense using the exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  show schematics illustrating a process to dispense the dose of medicine using the exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIGS. 7A-7C  show schematics illustrating a process to reset the exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIG. 8  shows a schematic illustrating a process to remove the used medicine cartridge from the exemplary medicine injection device. 
         FIG. 9  shows a diagram of an exemplary system for health management including an exemplary medicine injection device, analyte monitoring device, and a cloud-based computing device. 
     
    
    
     Like reference symbols and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The technologies and technical features described in this document can be implemented to provide portable insulin injection devices for self-administration by diabetic patients. The described technologies and technical features can be implemented in various medicine injection devices including portable medicine injection devices other than the portable insulin injection devices. 
     A portable insulin injection device can be configured as a compact insulin pen for injecting insulin as part of treatment and/or management of diabetic conditions in a patient. For example, an insulin pen device can include an insulin cartridge holder and mechanisms to dial to measure a dose of the insulin and to dispense the measured dose. The insulin pen  5  device can include a housing structure which can be shaped like a pen or other suitable geometries for encasing or holding the insulin contained in a cartridge, which can also be referred to as a container or vial. The insulin pen device also includes a mechanism that uses disposable needles to inject the dose into the patient&#39;s body. Insulin pens can be configured as disposable pens that do not replace vials of insulin after use or as reusable pens that allow for replaceable insulin cartridges to be loaded into the cartridge holder of the pen device. For example, insulin pens can be configured to provide advantages over vial and syringe modalities that include greater convenience in portability for daily use and transport, increased accuracy in doses, improved ease to implement (e.g., particularly among those with visual or fine motor skills impairments), and reduced pain caused by injection. 
     Yet, some existing modalities of insulin treatments for diabetic patients suffer certain problems and inefficiencies. For example, in some existing insulin injection devices, unless a pump is used, an insulin dose for injection needs to be tracked and recorded manually. For example, some existing insulin injection devices do not provide an insulin pen that is integrated with a blood glucose monitor device to track test results and insulin dosage. For example, various existing insulin injection devices have designs that render it difficult to accurately administer using insulin pens, e.g., various features associated with the mechanics of the pen devices to set a dose, prime the injection, and replace the insulin cartridge may cause the above mentioned difficulty. Additionally, for example, some existing insulin pen devices include large physical dimensions that are inconvenient for a user to portably carry and store. In some existing insulin injection devices, spent cartridges of reusable insulin pens are difficult to remove, making it inconvenient for the patient to reset the pen for next use. Disposable insulin injection pens may provide convenient features in some regards but they tend to be expensive on a per use basis and also do not include tracking and reporting functionalities. 
     Disclosed are systems, devices, and techniques for injecting a medicine including insulin using a precise mechanical dose setting and a convenient and accurate dispensing mechanism with built in intelligence to track the use of the medicine and communicate the data in a closed loop system. While the disclosed embodiments described in this patent document are primarily based on systems, devices and techniques to inject insulin, e.g., in order to facilitate understanding of the underlying concepts, it is understood that the disclosed embodiments can also be used for injection of other medicines. 
     In one embodiment of the disclosed technology, a device can include a mechanical dose setting and dispensing mechanism with integrated electronics to monitor and display the use of the medicine and communicate the data in a closed loop system. For example, the exemplary medicine injection device can include a housing configured to include a curved channel, a medicine cartridge holder coupled to the housing (e.g., via a pivot joint), in which the cartridge holder includes a chamber structured to encase a cartridge containing a medicine and having a first opening that aligns with one end of the curved channel and a second opening at the opposite end of the chamber, and a dose setting and injecting mechanism. The dose setting and injection mechanism can include (i) a spine component housed in the curved channel of the housing, the spine component including a plurality of link structures linked together to allow curved movement of the spine component within the curved channel, in which the one end of the curved channel includes a channel opening interlaced with the first opening to enable the spine component to push against the medicine cartridge for dispensing a selected amount of the medicine through the second opening, (ii) a shaft component structured to include a threaded cylindrical section encased at least in part within the housing and a knob disposed at least in part outside of the housing, (iii) a gear mechanism including a rod having a first gear and a second gear which is coupled to the spine component, and a drive gear having a first gear engagement for engaging to the first gear and a second gear engagement for engaging to threads of the threaded cylindrical section of the shaft component, in which, upon engaging the first gear and the drive gear to each other, a linear movement of the shaft component moves the spine component, and (iv) a disengagement button coupled to the rod to disengage the first gear and the drive gear from each other, e.g., to allow the spine component to move independent of the shaft component. The exemplary medicine injection device can be operated such that a rotation of the shaft component moves the shaft component to a distance from the housing that corresponds selected amount of the medicine. 
     In some examples, the drive gear of the gear mechanism can be structured to include external threads that couple to the shaft component between threads of the threaded cylindrical section and internal threads located within a hole through the center of the drive gear, in which the drive gear moves in response to a movement of the shaft component. For example, the rod can intersect through the drive gear via the hole and be structured to include a threaded gear (e.g., the first gear) and an indentation, in which the threaded gear is capable of coupling to the drive gear between internal threads when the gear mechanism is in an engaged position. The rod can also include a second gear located between the threaded gear and the indentation. For example, the second gear of the rod can be structured to include outer threads that couple between threads of the link structures of the spine component. For example, an advancement of the disengagement button advances the rod from the engaged position to a disengaged position that disengages the drive gear from the threaded gear of the rod, e.g., allowing the spine component to move independent of the shaft component. 
     For example, the exemplary medicine injection device can also include a data processing unit that includes a processor and a memory unit, in which the selected dose for an injection and dispensed dose are processed as data by the processor and stored in the memory unit. For example, the exemplary medicine injection device can also include a wireless transmitter unit to transmit the data to another mobile and/or computing device or system. For example, the exemplary medicine injection device can also include an electronic display that provides the user with information including, but not limited to, a current dose setting that the device is dialed to inject, the amount of medicine previously injected from the existing loaded medicine cartridge in the device, the type of medicine in the loaded cartridge (e.g., such as the name of the drug, manufactured lot number, etc.), when to perform medicine injections, and instructions for the user about the use of the device or status of the device. For example, exemplary medicine injection device can also include an optical scanner located within the housing and coupled to the data processing unit, in which the optical scanner includes an optical sensor (e.g., a laser scanner) that can scan an identification code located on a cartridge of medicine and detect the type of medicine contained in the cartridge, e.g., which can be processed as data in the device. For example, the identification code can be configured to include bars (e.g., of varying thicknesses, spacing, opacity, color, or other parameters) that radially wrap around the cylindrical casing of the medicine cartridge. In this exemplary configuration, the optical scanner can detect the identification code in any orientation that the cartridge is placed within the cartridge holder, e.g., such that the cartridge position (rotationally) is not critical to the ability to detect the identification code. 
     The disclosed medicine injection device can be configured to have a small, compact size enabling convenient portability of the device, e.g., in which a user can store within one&#39;s pocket, purse, handbag, etc. For example, the cartridge holder of the disclosed device can be configured to open and close in a manner that provides ease of loading and removal of a medicine cartridge. For example, the disclosed device can be implemented as a reusable medicine dispensing pen that communicates wirelessly with other devices, e.g., such as a blood glucose monitor or mobile phone or computing device including a user interface for health management (e.g., including glucose monitoring and insulin treatments), creating a closed loop system that provides convenience and ease of use for a user to monitor analyte levels and perform drug-related treatments. For example, the closed loop system can enable the information stored on the disclosed medicine injection device to be relayed (e.g., such as the type, amount, and injection time of a medicine) to other device(s), which can store the reported information as data and utilize the stored data with other user data that can be used in health management, e.g. in real time). 
       FIGS. 1A-1F  show schematics of an exemplary medicine injection device  100  based on the disclosed technology.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  show different three dimensional cross sectional views of the components that make up the dose setting and injecting mechanism in the medicine injection device  100 . It is noted that some components included in the medicine injection device  100  may not necessarily be shown in the schematics of  FIGS. 1A and 1B . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the dose setting and injecting mechanism is encased in a housing structure  101  that can be used to provide positioning and/or structural support to various mechanisms, modules and components contained with the housing of the medicine injection device  100 . The device  100  includes a cartridge holder  121  that is coupled to the housing structure  101  and includes a chamber structured to encase and hold a cartridge  120  containing a medicine, e.g., insulin. The cartridge holder  121  has one end that is engaged to a rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  to enable the cartridge holder  121  to be in a latched position in the housing structure  101  or in an open position that exposes the chamber after being released from the latched position in the housing structure  101  for removing or replacing the cartridge  120 . The rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  can include a spring mechanism having a torsional spring that pushes the cartridge holder  121  to an open position, as shown later in  FIGS. 3A-3C . The cartridge  120  can be loaded into the chamber of the cartridge holder  121  and can be removed and replaced after the medicine in the cartridge  120  is used up or otherwise needs to be disposed or replaced. The exterior of the cartridge holder  121  at the distal end adjacent to the rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  includes an opening between the chamber and an attachment structure (e.g., such as a protruding or receding threading for screwing a needle on) to attach a detachable needle structure  125  with a protruding needle  124 , e.g., for injecting the medicine into the patient. For example, the detachable needle structure  125  includes a cap region that attaches to the attachment structure of the cartridge holder  121 . For example, the protruding needle  124  can be configured as a single needle that protrudes internally within the cap of the detachable needle structure  125  and externally from the exterior of the detachable needle structure  125 . For example, the cartridge  120  can be structured as a hollowed tube (e.g., of a non-fouling, biocompatible material) with one end configured as a medicine dispensing tip having a dispensing aperture, e.g., in which the tip region of the cartridge  120  tapers from the body of the tube structure, e.g., such that the diameter of the aperture is smaller than that of the tube body. The dispensing aperture can be covered with a membrane that seals the aperture to prevent leakage or contamination of the stored medicine in the cartridge  120 . The other end of the tube structure of the cartridge  120  can be configured to include a moveable piston or plunger (e.g., of a rubber or plastic material, which can be of coated by a non-fouling, biocompatible material) initially positioned at the end within the hollowed tube. For example, the piston or plunger can function as a pliable stopper that can be pushed into the tube interior in the direction of the dispensing aperture, e.g., to push the medicine through the dispensing aperture and the protruding needle  124 . For example, when the cartridge  120  is loaded into the chamber of the cartridge holder  121 , the inner protruding region of the protruding needle  124  of the detachable needle structure  125  punctures through the membrane at the dispensing aperture, e.g., thereby allowing the medicine to flow through the protruding needle  124  to be dispensed from the device  100 . The device  100  includes a latch mechanism  126  that can include a sliding button configured on the exterior of the housing structure  101  to move in a linear direction to unlock the latch mechanism  126  from the cartridge holder  121  to allow the cartridge holder  121  to move to the open position. The device  100  includes an electronics unit  185  including display electronic components (e.g., liquid crystal display (LCD) electronics) that can display information related to the medicine, medicine injection dose, and the device. 
     The device  100  can include a data processing unit  186  including a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The data processing unit  186  in this example is shown to be a separate unit from the electronics unit  185  and is positioned underneath of the electronics unit  185 . In other implementations, the electronics unit  185  and data processing unit  186  may be integrated into one module as a single unit. The data processing unit  186  can be configured to continuously monitor data provided by sensors configured along a travel path of a push spine component  110  of the dose setting and injecting mechanism to determine the movement of the push spine component  110  and process the data as an administered or dispensed dose of the medicine. For example, the processing unit  186  can report the dispensed dose data and/or provide alarms regarding the dose to a user on a display (e.g., via the display electronics of the electronics unit  185 ) on the exterior of the device  100 , e.g., which can confirm to the user that a complete injection dose was administered. The data processing unit  186  can be configured to continuously monitor data provided by sensors configured along a travel path of an injection shaft component  102  of the dose setting and injecting mechanism to determine the movement of the injection shaft component  102  and process the data as a selected or set dose of the medicine to be dispensed. The sensors configured within the travel path of the injection shaft component  102  can measure the rotation and/or related (linear) translation of the injection shaft component  102  to indicate the selected dose. Exemplary sensors can include a linear encoder that can be optical, magnetic, or capacitive to perform the dose volume metering. For example, the processing unit  186  can report the selected dose data and/or provide alarms regarding the dose to a user on the display of the device  100 , which can confirm to the user that the desired dose was dialed. For example, the data processing unit  186  can be in wired or wireless communication with a mobile device (e.g., such as a cell phone) or a computing device that includes a application portal featuring a user interface that the user of the device  100  can use for various functions, including, but not limited to, monitoring the status of the device  100  (e.g., such as if the device is ready to dispense the medicine, a setting value of the medicine to be dispensed, etc.), the presence of a cartridge in the cartridge holder  121 , or the amount of medicine contained in the cartridge  120 . Some examples for wireless communications of the device  100  include 3G wireless communication standards, 4G wireless communication standards including, LTE, WiFi, Blue tooth, Bluetooth LE, and other suitable wireless communications via radio frequency waves and other electromagnetic waves. 
     The dose setting and injecting mechanism can include a push spine component  110  encased in a curved channel  101   a  of the housing structure  101 , an injection shaft component  102  having a threaded cylindrical section  102   b  at least partially encased within the housing structure  101  and a knob section  102   a  disposed at least partially outside of the housing structure  101 , and a button  111  partially encased within a button casing structure  112  structured to expose a top surface of the button  111  outside of the housing structure  101 . The dose setting and injecting mechanism can also include a gear mechanism to interact with the push spine component  110 , the injection shaft component  102 , and the button  111  and can be encased within a mechanism encasement structure  116  located within the housing structure  101 . The mechanism encasement structure  116  can include multiple sections having to two joined chambers, in which one chamber includes a hollowed cylindrical chamber structured to encase at least a portion of the threaded cylindrical section  102   b  of the shaft component  102  and in which the other chamber is structured to fit the components of the gear mechanism. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1B , the housing structure  101  can include a recess  101   b  along one side of the device  100 , in which an opening track  101   c  is structured between the straight region of the curved channel  101   a  and the outside of the device  100 . The opening track  101   c  provides an aperture that enables a sliding button  187  positioned within the recess  101   b  and coupled to the push spine component  110  (e.g., encased in the curved channel  101   a ) to move along the recess  101   b  in response to a movement of the push spine component  110 . 
       FIG. 1C  shows a schematic of one example of the push spine component  110  of the dose setting and injecting mechanism. In this example, the push spine component  110  can include multiple link structures  110   a  formed of a rigid body that are linked together at a rotational joint  110   c . The location of the rotational joint  110   c  on each link structure  110   a  can be configured near one side of the link structure  110   a  having threads such that the alignment of the link structures  110   a  positions the threads  110   b  on one side of the push spine component  110 . For example, the rotational joint  110   c  can include a pin that can pass through an opening in two overlapping sections of two adjacent link structures  110   a  to provide a pivot in which one link structure can rotate about the other. The rotational joint  110   c  enables the push spine component  110  to bend in the curved section while traveling in the curved channel  101   a.    
       FIG. 1D  shows a schematic of one example of the gear mechanism of the dose setting and injecting mechanism. In this example, the gear mechanism can include a rod shaft  118  coupled to the lower region of the button  111  at one end of the rod shaft  118  and intersecting through a roller clutch  113  and a drive gear  114  of the gear mechanism via a hole through the center of the roller clutch  113  and drive gear  114 . The rod shaft  118  includes a threaded gear  118   b  and an indentation  118   c  (shown in  FIGS. 1E and 1F ), in which the threaded gear  118   b  is capable of coupling to the drive gear  114  between internal threads of the drive gear  114  when the gear mechanism is in an engaged position. For example, when the gear mechanism is in the engaged position, the push spine component  110  can move in response to a movement (e.g., a linear advancement) by the injection shaft component  102 . The drive gear  114  can be structured to include external threads that couple to the injection shaft component  102  between the threads of the threaded cylindrical section  102   b . The drive gear  114  can be structured to include internal threads located within the hole through its center (shown in  FIG. 1F ), such that the drive gear  114  rotates in response to a movement of the shaft component  102 . The gear mechanism can include a gear  115  connected to the rod shaft  118  and located at a fixed position on the rod shaft  118  between the threaded gear  118   b  and the indentation  118   c . In some exemplary configurations, the gear  115  can be configured as part of the rod shaft  118 . The gear  115  can be structured to include outer threads that couple between the threads  110   b  of the link structures  110   a  of the spine component  110  so that the rotation of the drive gear  115  (e.g., resulting from a rotation of the drive gear  114  when in the gear mechanism is in the engaged position) can be translated into the movement of the link structures  110   a  of the spine component  110  which, in turn, pushes the piston or plunger in the cartridge  120  to press a determined amount of the medicine in the cartridge  120  out of the cartridge  120  and device, e.g., through the detachable needle structure  125  and into the patient&#39;s body (e.g., via the protruding needle  124  that can penetrate into the patient&#39;s body to dispense the medicine). The gear mechanism can include a spring  117  surrounding the rod shaft  118  and located under the gear  115 , in which the spring  117  provides a compressive force when compressed. The roller clutch  113  is configured to prevent the drive gear  115  from rotating in more than one direction. 
       FIG. 1E  shows a schematic of the gear mechanism in the engaged position, and  FIG. 1F  shows a schematic of the gear mechanism in the disengaged position. For example, the advancement of the button  111  advances the rod shaft  118  from the engaged position to the disengaged position that disengages the drive gear  114  from the threaded gear  118   b  of the rod shaft  118 , e.g., allowing the push spine component  110  to move independent of the injection shaft component  102 . In this example, the button casing structure  112  can include a recessed cavity  112   a  that permits the button  111  to travel (e.g., linearly advance into the recessed cavity  112   a ) when the button  111  is pressed. For example, the advancement of the button  111  advances the rod shaft  118  through a channel formed by the holes through the center of the button casing  112  and the drive gear  114 , an actuator chamber  116   a  of the mechanism encasement structure  116 , and a housing chamber  101   d  of the housing structure  101 . The advancement of the rod shaft  118  displaces the threaded gear  118   b  of the rod shaft  118  from its engaged alignment with the internal threads of the drive gear  114 . The displacement of the threaded gear  118   b  of the rod shaft  118  from the internal threads of the drive gear  114  uncouples the two components such that a movement of the injection shaft component  102  no longer affects the movement of the push spine component  110 , and the injection shaft component  102  and the push spine component  110  are free to move independent of each other. For example, the gear mechanism can be maintained in the disengaged position using a clasp component  109  that is encased within the housing structure  101  and structured to include a notch  109   a  capable of coupling to the indentation  118   c  of the rod shaft  118  to lock the rod shaft  118  in the disengaged position, as shown later in  FIG. 4B . 
       FIG. 2A  shows a block diagram of an exemplary process  200  to operate a medicine injection device of the disclosed technology. The process  200  can include a process  210  to insert a cartridge containing a medicine into the cartridge holder of the medicine injection device. The process  200  can include a process  220  to preset the push spine of the medicine injection device, e.g., by moving the push spine component in a position to make contact with the abutting end of the cartridge in the cartridge holder. The process  200  can include a process  230  to select a dose amount of the medicine for injection, e.g., by rotating an injection component of the device to a dose setting position corresponding to the selected dose amount, e.g., in which the injection component is rotated from its initial or home position corresponding to a zero dose. The process  200  can include a process  240  to dispense the medicine in the amount of the selected dose from the device, e.g., by linearly advancing the injection component from the dose setting position to the home position of the injection component, which can rotate a drive gear coupled to the injection component to drive the movement of the spine component. The process  200  can optionally include repeating the processes  230  and  240 , e.g., while the inserted cartridge contains medicine in an amount greater than a desired dose. The process  200  can include a process  250  to return the push spine component to its initial position in the device, e.g., such that the push spine component is not positioned within the cartridge holder. The process  200  can include a process  260  to remove the cartridge from the cartridge holder of the device. For example, after the implementation of the process  260 , the process  200  can be repeated by implementing the process  210 . In some examples, the process  200  can further include displaying on a display of the device at least one of the dose setting or the corresponding dose amount during and/or after the process  230 . The process  200  can further include scanning an identification code on the exterior of the medicine cartridge with an optical scanner of the device. 
       FIG. 2B  shows a block diagram of the process  220  to preset the push spine of the medicine injection device. For example, the process  220  can include a process  221  to disengage the injection component from the push spine, e.g., by implementing a disengagement actuator (e.g., pressing the disengagement button on the exterior of the device) to advance the rod shaft from the engaged position to the disengaged position such that the threaded region of the rod shaft is not coupled to the internal threads of the drive gear, thereby allowing the spine component to move independent of the shaft component. For example, the process  220  can include a process  222  to move the push spine through the curved channel of the housing of the device to make contact with the abutting end of the cartridge in the chamber of the cartridge holder. For example, the process  220  can include a process  223  to reengage the injection component with the push spine, e.g., by implementing a reengagement actuator (e.g., pressing a release button on the slide button of the push spine component  110 ) to unlatch the notch of a clasping component from the indentation of the rod shaft  118  such that the gear mechanism returns to the engaged position. 
       FIGS. 3A-8  show schematics that illustrate the implementation of the exemplary process  200  using the exemplary medicine injection device  100 .  FIG. 3A  shows a schematic illustrating the process  210  to load a cartridge containing medicine into the device  100 . The process can include implementing the latch mechanism  126  to open the cartridge holder  121 , e.g., by actuating the button of the latch mechanism  126  to unlock the cartridge holder  121  from the housing structure  101 . The process can include inserting the cartridge  120  into the cartridge holder  121  while in the open position. The cartridge holder  121  can be configured to hold the cartridge  120  such that an opening at the end of the cartridge (for dispensing the contained medicine) is aligned with an opening at the distal end of the cartridge holder  121  having the detachable needle structure  125  with a protruding needle  124 . The process can include returning the cartridge holder  121  to the closed position (e.g., which aligns the end of the cartridge  120  with the exit end of the curved channel  101   a ). For example, upon returning the cartridge holder  121  to the closed position, the latch mechanism  126  can be automatically engaged to lock the cartridge holder  121  in the position. The process can include attaching the needle structure  125  to the distal end of the cartridge holder  121 . 
       FIGS. 3B and 3C  show schematics showing an exemplary torsion spring mechanism configured to couple the cartridge holder  121  to the housing structure  101  and enables the cartridge holder  121  to rotate to a load position upon unlocking of the latch mechanism  126  that allows for the loading/unloading of a medicine cartridge (e.g., the cartridge  120 ). As shown in  FIG. 3B , the exemplary torsion spring mechanism of the rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  is implemented to rotate the cartridge holder  121  to the load position at a particular angle (e.g., which can be configured to 13 degrees from the closed position aligned with the terminal link of the push spine component  110 , or to another angle based on design preference).  FIG. 3C  shows a cross section of the exemplary rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  that includes a torsion spring  321  which can be embedded in a spring housing component  322  of the cartridge holder  121  and the housing structure  101 . The cartridge holder  121  is shown in the closed position in  FIG. 3C , in which the torsion spring  221  of the rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  is compressed and the latch mechanism  126  locks the cartridge holder  121  in the closed position. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  show a schematic illustrating the process  220  to preset the position the push spine component  110  of the device  100  to make contact with the cartridge  120  in the cartridge holder  121 .  FIG. 4A  shows a schematic illustrating the process  221  to disengage the injection shaft component  102  from the push spine component  110  to allow the push spine component  110  to move independent of the injection shaft component  102 . For example, the button  111  can be actuated to move the gear mechanism from the engaged position to the disengaged position, e.g., by pressing the button  111  into the recess of the button casing  112  to advance the rod shaft  118 . For example, the advancement of the rod shaft  118  displaces the threaded gear  118   b  of the rod shaft  118  from its engaged alignment with the internal threads of the drive gear  114 , such that a movement of the injection shaft component  102  no longer affects the movement of the push spine component  110 . 
     The schematic in  FIG. 4A  also illustrates the process  222  to move the push spine component  110  through the curved channel  101   a  of the housing  101  to contact the abutting end of the cartridge  120  in the chamber of the cartridge holder  121 . For example, while the gear mechanism is in the disengaged position, the push spine component  110  can be moved by sliding the button  187  along the recess  101   b  until the push spine component  110  abuts the cartridge  120 . 
       FIG. 4B  shows a schematic illustrating the process  223  to reengage the injection component with the push spine component, e.g., by implementing a reengagement actuator that releases the gear mechanism from the disengaged position. For example, the reengagement actuator can include the clasp component  109  that, when the gear mechanism is in the disengaged position, couples the notch  109   a  to the indentation  118   c  of the rod shaft  118  to lock the rod shaft  118  in the disengaged position and prevent its return to the engaged position. In one example, the clasp component  109  can be encased within an internal linear channel within the housing structure  101  that permits translational motion of the clasp component  109 . In this example, the clasp component  109  can include a spring  109   b  that creates a force to drive the notch  109   a  into the housing chamber  101   d  to latch to the indentation  118   c  of the rod shaft  118  when the rod shaft  118  has been advanced far enough to align the indentation  118   c  with the notch  109   a . In this example of the clasp component  109 , a release structure can be configured to the clasp component  109  to pull the clasp component  109  back to an unlatched position, e.g., thereby releasing the rod shaft  118  to return gear mechanism to the engaged position. In another example of the clasp component  109 , the clasp component  109  can be encased within an internal chamber within the housing structure  101  that permits rotational motion of the clasp component  109  about a pivot to rotate into the housing chamber  101   d  to latch to the indentation  118   c  of the rod shaft  118  when the rod shaft  118  has been advanced far enough to align the indentation  118   c  with the notch  109   a . In this alternate example, the clasp component  109  can be coupled to a bar connected to a terminal link structure  110   a  of the push spine component  110  that protrudes out of the sliding button  187  when the push spine component  110  has been moved to abut the cartridge  120  in the cartridge holder  121 . The bar can be actuated to retract the clasp component  109  in the opposite rotational motion such that the clasp component  109  releases the rod shaft  118  to return the gear mechanism to the engaged position. For example, the bar can be actuated by pressing the bar into the sliding button  187 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a schematic illustrating the process  230  to select a dose of medicine to dispense using the exemplary medicine injection device  100 . The process can include rotating the injection shaft component  102  to a dose setting position from the home position to the select a dose amount corresponding to the dose setting position. In the disclosed embodiment of the medicine injection device  100 , the dose setting and injection mechanism is configured to set a dose by rotating the injection shaft component  102  and to inject the selected dose by translationally advancing the injection shaft component  102 . For example, the dose setting functionality of dose setting and injection mechanism can be configured such that rotation of the injection shaft component  102  does not actuate a motion of the gear mechanism. The injection shaft component  102  can be configured to rotate in both directions, e.g., such that the dose amount can be reduced prior to injection, for example, in an instance where the dose was set to high and the desired dose is a lesser amount. In some examples, the injection shaft component  102  can be rotated such that a clicking sound is produced to correspond to a dose setting (e.g., such as clicking for each 100 μL set by the rotation). 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  show schematics illustrating the process  240  to dispense the dose of medicine using the exemplary medicine injection device  100 . The cartridge  120 , which can be loaded into and removed from the chamber of the cartridge holder  121 , includes a first end structured to interface with a cap of the detachable needle structure  125  to deliver the medicine to the injection needle  124  and a second end (e.g., an abutment end) with a movable plunger which interfaces with the terminal end of the link structure of the spine component  110 . In operation, the spine component  110  is moved to cause a responding movement of the plunger in the cartridge  120  to dispense the properly selected amount of the medicine from the device  100 , e.g., into the patient&#39;s body. This process includes linearly advancing the injection shaft component  102  from the dose setting position to the home position such that the advancement of the injection shaft component  102  actuates the rotation of the drive gear  114  of the gear mechanism to actuate the rotation of the rod shaft  118 , which in turn rotates the gear  115 , and thus drives the movement of the push spine component  110  to push the abutment end of the cartridge  120  into the body of the cartridge to dispense the medicine from the detachable needle structure  125  via the injection needle  124 . The roller clutch  113  of the gear mechanism can be configured to allow the drive gear  114  to rotate in only one direction (e.g., counterclockwise), e.g., which can prevent a pulling movement of the push spine component  110 . For example, the advancement of the injection shaft component  102  actuates the push spine component  110  to push the abutment end to plunge the medicine in the cartridge  120  by a volume of corresponding to the selected dose. For example, after the implementation of the process  240 , the push spine component  110  remains in contact with the abutment end of the cartridge  120  (e.g., within the chamber of the cartridge holder  121 ) for any subsequent medicine dose setting and dispensing implementations.  FIG. 6B  shows the push spine component  110  in the curved channel  101   a  in which the leading portion of the curved channel  101   a  is advanced within the chamber of the cartridge holder  121 . 
       FIGS. 7A-7C  show schematics illustrating a process  250  to reset the exemplary medicine injection device. The schematic of  FIG. 7  A illustrates the process  250  can include implementing the process  221  to disengage the injection shaft component  102  from the push spine component  110 , e.g., by pressing the button  111  to advance the rod shaft  118  from the engaged position to the disengaged position. Subsequently, the push spine component  110  can be moved back to its initial position by pulling it through the curved channel  101   a  by sliding the sliding button  187  along the opening track  101   c  of the recess  101   b , as illustrated in the schematics in  FIGS. 7B and 7C . 
       FIG. 8  shows a schematic illustrating the process  260  to remove a used medicine cartridge from the exemplary device  100  and load a new medicine cartridge into the device  100 . The process can include implementing the latch mechanism  126  to open the cartridge holder  121 , e.g., unlocking the latch mechanism  126  such that the spring mechanism of the rotational pivot joint structure  121   b  rotates the cartridge holder  121  to the open position. The process can include removing the cartridge  120  from the cartridge holder  121  in the open position. The process can include inserting a new medicine cartridge into the cartridge holder  121  while in the open position. The process can include returning the cartridge holder  121  to the closed position (e.g., which aligns the end of the loaded new cartridge with the exit end of the curved channel  101   a ). For example, upon returning the cartridge holder  121  to the closed position, the latch mechanism  126  can be automatically engaged to lock the cartridge holder  121  in the position. In some examples, the process can include returning the cartridge holder  121  to the closed position and locking the cartridge holder  121  to the housing structure  101  without reloading a new medicine cartridge into the cartridge holder  121 . 
     In another aspect of the disclosed technology, an integrated analyte monitoring and medicine treatment system is described for health management. In some exemplary embodiments, the system includes the disclosed medicine injection device and an analyte monitoring device (e.g., such as a glucose meter) that wirelessly communicate with a remote computerized system (e.g., server in the cloud), as well as with each other. 
       FIG. 9  shows a diagram of an exemplary system  900  including an exemplary analyte monitoring device  950  and the medicine injection device  100  in communication with one or more cloud-based computing devices  910 , e.g., such as a server  911 . For example, the exemplary analyte monitoring device  950 , the medicine injection device  100 , and the cloud-based computer device  910  can be in communication through wired or wireless communications. Some examples for wireless communications include 3G wireless communication standards, 4G wireless communication standards including, LTE, WiFi, Bluetooth, and other suitable wireless communications via radio frequency waves and other electromagnetic waves. In some implementations, the cloud-based computing device  910  is in communication with other peripheral computing devices including a mobile device  920  (e.g., including, but not limited to a smart phone, tablet, laptop computer, etc.) and a computer device  930  (e.g., including, but not limited to a desktop, laptop, terminal or other computer, tablet or other computer medium). 
     The cloud-based computing device  910  can include a database to store and organize data received from devices of the system  900 , e.g., such as the analyte monitoring device  950 , the medicine injection device  100 , or a user input terminal such as the computer  930  or mobile communication device  920 , among others. For example, the information stored in the database of the cloud-based computing device  910  can be shared between any or all of the devices of the system  900 . In some implementations, the database can exist on other the devices of the system  900  in addition or as an alternative to residing on the cloud-based computing device  910 . 
     In some implementations, the system  900  includes the analyte monitoring device  950  and the medicine injection device  100  in communication with each other, in which the analyte monitoring device  950  communicates with the one or more cloud-based computing devices  910 . In this example, the medicine injection device  100  communicates solely with the analyte monitoring device  950 , which can relay the raw data or process the data and relay the processed data from the device  100  to the cloud-based computing device  910 . For example, this exemplary configuration can permit the device  100  to operate with a scaled down communication system, e.g., which may reduce the number of components included in the device  100  and improve the overall power consumption rate of the device  100 . 
     In some implementations, the system  900  includes multiple analyte monitoring devices  950  and/or multiple medicine injection device  100  in communication with the one or more cloud-based computing devices  910 . For example, it may be desirable for a user to possess multiple medicine injection devices  100  that can be kept in various locations that a user may be frequently located, e.g., such as a user&#39;s home, car, workplace, gym, etc., while keeping a single analyte monitoring device  950  on the user&#39;s person. Additionally, the user may possess multiple analyte monitoring devices  950  in various desired locations. For example, since both the analyte monitoring devices  950  and medicine injection device  100  can include a user identification mechanism that permits only authorized users to operate the device, the user&#39;s data, settings, and other features personalized to the user remain secure on the devices. 
     The analyte monitoring device  950  can be configured as a blood analyte meter having a compact, all-in-one lancet/strip/meter structure that enables a user to perform a test using one hand. The analyte monitoring device  950  can be configured to be cassette based, e.g., enabling a user to easily change test strip and lancet cartridges. The analyte monitoring device  950  can be configured to include web-based tracking services and wireless communication devices and components. In some implementations, the analyte monitoring device  950  includes a plurality of analyte sensors (e.g., housed in an analyte sensor cartridge) and a plurality of lancets (e.g., housed in a lancet cartridge), in which a one-handed operation of an actuator mechanism can be implemented to ready the device for a test, prick the user to extract blood to be analyzed in the test, and reset the device for another use. For example, the actuator mechanism of the analyte monitoring device can be implemented to ready the device for a test by moving an analyte sensor (e.g., a test strip) forward to expose the sensor and advancing a firing component to a position for projection of a lancet. The actuator mechanism can subsequently be implemented to project (or fire) the lancet to prick a user to draw blood for analysis in the test. The actuator mechanism can be implemented to reset the device by ejecting the test strip and returning the components of the actuator mechanism to an initial position. 
     For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the analyte monitoring device  950  includes an analyte sensor module configured to hold a sensor cartridge structured to store analyte sensors, the analyte sensor module including an opening from which an analyte sensor advances to a testing position to expose at least a portion of the analyte sensor to outside of the analyte testing device. The analyte monitoring device  950  includes a lancet module configured to hold a lancet cartridge structured to store lancets. And, the analyte monitoring device  950  includes an actuator, in which the actuator includes: (i) a button; (ii) a first linking component coupled to the button and the analyte sensor module, in which the first linking component moves in response to a movement of the button including a movement between a first position and a second position or a movement between the second position and a third position; (iii) a second linking component coupled to the button and the lancet module, in which the second linking component moves in response to a movement of the button between the first position and the second position; (iv) a third linking component coupled to the second linking component and moveable in response to a movement of the second linking component; and (v) a lancet projecting component coupled to the third linking component. The analyte monitoring device  950  can be implemented such that a single operation of the button moves the analyte sensor to the testing position and moves the lancet projecting component from an initial position to a cocked position for projecting a lancet. 
     This exemplary embodiment of the analyte monitoring device  950  can be implemented in ways that provide one or more of the following features. For example, the analyte monitoring device  950  can include a processing unit coupled to a memory unit configured to store data, in which the processing unit is configured to evaluate data obtained from the analyte sensor module, lancet module, or information derived from data out of the analyte monitoring device  950 . The processing unit can be configured to send a notification to a recipient based on the evaluated data. In some implementations, the processing unit can correlate individual instances of the data with time stamps, threshold values, alerts and user-entered information, e.g., including user-entered speech and text. The analyte monitoring device  950  can include a facility configured to transmit data obtained using a wireless protocol, or in other examples, a wired path, to other devices of the system  900 . For example, the processing unit can be configured to keep track of inventory of lancets and analyte sensors, both within the device  950  and outside the device  950 , e.g., such as test strip and lancet cartridges previously ordered and received by the user not in use within the device. For example, the processing unit can be configured to reorder inventory of lancets and analyte sensors. In some implementations, the processing unit can be configured to store voice recordings of diary information, e.g., for supplies used or ordered, food eaten, exercise, medication taken, and estimated calories burned. For example, the processing unit can be configured to produce a prompt to direct a user to use the device  950  according to at least one of a selected time or a selected time interval. The analyte sensor module of the analyte monitoring device  950  can include a temperature sensor to monitor temperature in the analyte sensor module. The analyte monitoring device  950  can also include an LCD touch screen display, e.g., to display a user interface for the user to interact with the device. Additionally, for example, the analyte monitoring device  950  can include a work light positioned to illuminate a lancet exit hole, as well as a work light positioned to illuminate an analyte sensor exit slot. In some implementations, the analyte monitoring device  950  can include a pedometer communicatively coupled with the processing unit configured to calculate, for example, the distance a user travels, speed of travel, and/or an amount of calories burned associated with the distance traveled. In some implementations, the analyte monitoring device  950  can be docked in a docking station that provides power and data connectivity to the device. In some implementations, the analyte monitoring device  950  can include a personal emergency response system (PERS) that includes a button for alerting a third party. For example, the PERS can be configured to perform the following functions, including, but not limited to, contact a third party, identify the device, provide health data associated with a user of the device, automatically contact a third party in response to health data associated with a user of the device, notify a third party as an urgency level of an emergency, and determine identity of a third party to be contacted. 
     The system  900  includes a data management and interface application that can be operated to manage the data stored in the database and associated with the medicine dispensing device  100  and the analyte monitoring device  950 , as well as other forms of data inputted into the system  900  (e.g., by the user). The application can be operated on any of the devices of the system  900  with the same or varying amount of controls or functionalities, for example, based on a user interface presented to the devices, e.g., such as the analyte monitoring device  950 , the cloud-based computing devices  910 , the mobile device  920 , the computer  930 , and the medicine injection device  100 . In some examples, the exemplary mobile device  920  operates a mobile application including a mobile user interface that is adapted for the particular mobile device. 
     The user interface of the data management and interface application in the system  900  is configured to provide a functional interface for a user to manage health information. For example, the application provides a health information and management interface that includes several interactive features that display information, e.g., including analyzed health information, and allow a user to input data. For example, the exemplary user health information and management interface can include a presentation of the data from the analyte monitor device  950  (e.g., raw data, analyzed data, and/or summary data), data from the medicine injection device  100  (e.g., raw data, analyzed data, and/or summary data), and data received as input from a user of the application interface. 
     In some exemplary embodiments, the application includes a user interface that can be accessed by each of a variety of users, e.g., including a patient (e.g., a diabetic person), a caregiver (e.g., a nurse or doctor or family member), and a payer (e.g., an insurance company) to facilitate the sharing of information and to enhance the quality of care. For example, the UI of the application can be configured differently for each type of user. The application of the system  900  can be configured in a variety of modules, e.g., in which each module can include a distinct user interface or include an inclusive user interface for some or all of the modules. For example, in some implementations, the application includes a UI for analyte monitoring (e.g., glucose level monitoring), a UI for medicine dispensing (e.g., insulin dose injections), a UI for lifestyle tracking (e.g., diet, exercise, etc.), and a UI for user information. In one example, an analyte monitoring user interface can be presented on any of the devices of the system  900  to enable the user to identify individual patterns and changes in the level of analytical substances found in a bodily fluid (e.g., blood, saliva, or urine) of a patient, as well as guide (e.g., provide pertinent info/test data to support guidance) the user (e.g., patient, care taker, doctor, etc.) as to what actions to take based on the analyte level, e.g., such as the timing and dosage of a medication, meal planning, physical activities, or other interventions. For example, the application can include an inclusive UI with viewable information to the user providing the analyzed analyte level and/or dispensed medicine data, tags and details, user goal information, selectable sub categories (e.g., including, but not limited to, nutrition information such as carbohydrates, steps, exercise, and goal information), selectable data history information, personalized settings, and flagging/data storing/questions settings. 
     The exemplary health management application of the system  900  can be used to identify a pattern (or patterns) or a threshold (e.g., maximum or minimum) that are analyzed from the analyte monitoring data or obtained as input from the user. For example, such data patterns and thresholds can include an analyte testing regime pattern, a medicine injection regime pattern, a hypo- or hyper-blood analyte level pattern or threshold, a pattern of variability in analyzed or input data, and a comparative pattern to a particular standard. For example, the inclusion of such a variety of information can be displayed on a single display of any of the devices of the system  900 , which greatly enhances the user&#39;s experience and provides functionalities that would not have been possible, or readily discernible, from data that is dispersed throughout multiple plots, or lists, etc. Based on an identified pattern or threshold, alerts or messages can be generated by the exemplary health management system  900  and displayed on a screen of any of the devices of the system  900 , e.g., such as the analyte monitoring device  950 , the cloud-based computing devices  910 , the mobile device  920 , the computer  930 , and the medicine injection device  100 . Other types of messages can also be generated for the user, e.g., including, but not limited to, reminders, encouraging messages, factoids, etc. 
     For example, actual analyte levels and fluctuations therein can be easily correlated to one or more of the factors presented to the user using the UL For example, fluctuations in analyte levels can be correlated to a variety of factors, e.g., including, but not limited to, consumption of nutrients, injection of a particular medicine and other medications taken by the patient for other conditions outside the condition being monitored, a patient&#39;s exercise schedule, a patient&#39;s stress, sickness, and other factors that may be inputted health information and management interface. By providing such a detailed and comprehensive picture on a single display screen, e.g., with a properly selected granularity, the system  900  enables a user to determine the effects of a particular factor on the patient&#39;s analyte levels. Further, such correlations can be further analyzed to set alerts (or alarms or reminders) to predict, prevent and/or mitigate adverse effects of such factors before the analyte levels reach a critical limit. In some embodiments, a caregiver is alerted to a particular analyte level fluctuations through a text message, a phone call, an email or other communication methods. 
     The application of the system  900  provide the following exemplary features that are operated on and/or displayed on, for example, the analyte monitoring device  950  and/or the medicine injection device  100 . The exemplary features include, but are not limited to: (1) event time stamping and updating to database (e.g., including time stamping data associated with an analyte level test, injection, status of devices, or user inputted data such as exercise, meals, moments of stress, illness, or other types of data); (2) event displaying to the user through the UI, in which the events are stored in a running log in the database; (3) displaying motivational messages and images before and/or after test results; (4) temperature checking of the analyte test module (e.g., to confirm safe exposure of the analyte test strips, as extreme high or low temperatures can damage stored strips); (5) comparative data checking with control results data; (6) consumables/disposables monitoring, e.g., of the test strips and lancets of the analyte monitoring device  950  and/or the medicine level in the medicine cartridge loaded in the cartridge holder of the medicine injection device  100 ; (7) providing tutorials (e.g., such as animations educating the user on testing/injecting procedure); (8) authenticating a user prior to any or certain operations of the device; and (9) providing emergency contact information (e.g., such as 911, emergency respondents, and user-identified contacts, such as family), as well as, in some implementations, alerting identified persons or entities in case of emergency. For example, the application can keep track of unused and used consumables/disposables by the device  950  and/or the device  100 , keep track of ordered (and unused) consumables/disposables in the user&#39;s possession, as well as keep track of remaining stock (e.g., packages) by manufacturers that the application is in communication with (e.g., using the internet). For example, the application can contact the manufacturers of such consumables/disposables when the user&#39;s remaining stock is low and re-order the consumables/disposables, e.g., by communicating using links to e-commerce. 
     Implementations of the subject matter and the functional operations described in this patent document can be implemented in various systems, digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a tangible and non-transitory computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more of them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. 
     A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
     The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). 
     Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of nonvolatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry. 
     While this patent document contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this patent document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
     Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described in this patent document should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments. 
     Only a few implementations and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this patent document.