Patent Publication Number: US-2023140801-A1

Title: Antibody capable of binding specifically to 5&#39; to 3&#39; exonuclease active domain of dna polymerase

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Provided are antibodies that specifically bind to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity domain (also referred to as “5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain”) of a DNA polymerase for use in nucleic acid amplification methods, in particular, polymerase chain reactions (referred to below as “PCR”) etc., and techniques related to the antibodies. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     DNA synthesis from a nucleic acid template using a DNA polymerase has been used in and applied to various methods, such as sequencing and nucleic acid amplification methods, in the field of molecular biology. In particular, nucleic acid amplification methods have already been put into practical use not only in the research field but also in the forensic field, such as genetic diagnosis and paternity testing, as well as in microbiological testing etc. of food and the environment. 
     Typical nucleic acid amplification methods include PCR. PCR is a method for amplifying a target nucleic acid in a sample by repeating the following three steps as one cycle: (1) DNA denaturation by heat treatment (dissociation of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA), (2) annealing of primers to the template single-stranded DNA, and (3) extension of the primers using a DNA polymerase. In some cases, (2) annealing and (3) extension may be performed at the same temperature and in a single step so that the one cycle consists of two steps. 
     PCR has been widely used in medical and biological research, clinical diagnosis, etc., because of its characteristics, such as sensitivity that allows amplification from a single copy of nucleic acid sample in principle and from nucleic acid samples equivalent to several copies even in actuality, and specificity that allows amplification of only a specific moiety. Further development on PCR is currently underway; and there are various techniques, such as multiplex PCR methods, which amplify multiple primers simultaneously, and real-time PCR methods, which use fluorescent dyes and fluorescent-labeled probes to monitor the generation process of amplification products over time. 
     These nucleic acid amplification methods are also widely used in genetic analysis of a large amount of samples, such as high-throughput screening (HTS), and in food or environmental testing, in which many samples need to be processed. When analyzing a large amount of samples, the reaction liquid for nucleic acid amplification is assumed to be left for a long period of time after preparation (e.g., hours to days). However, there is a concern that leaving the reaction liquid at room temperature may reduce the stability of the reaction liquid. For example, in the TaqMan (registered trademark) probe method (see, for example, Non-patent Literature (NPL) 1), several examples of phenomena have been confirmed in which leaving a reaction liquid at room temperature after preparation caused a delay in the Ct (threshold cycle) value or made the detection of the Ct value itself impossible (Patent Literature (PTL) 1 and 2). 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         PTL 1: JP2017-163904A 
         PTL 2: JP2016-136324A1 
       
    
     Non-Patent Literature 
     
         
         NPL 1: Holland et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. vol. 88, 1991, pp. 7276-7280 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     The present inventors have found so far the problem that nucleic acid templates, primers, probes, etc. used in nucleic acid amplification methods etc. would be degraded when present together with a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain. 
     A main object of the present invention is to provide an antibody against (that specifically binds to) a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof, and a method for producing the antibody or a fragment thereof. 
     Solution to Problem 
     As a result of extensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors found an antibody against (that specifically binds to) a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a CNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof, and a useful method for producing the antibody or a fragment thereof. The present invention has been completed as a result of further extensive research based on these findings. 
     The present invention typically encompasses the following. 
     Item 1. 
     An antibody that specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof (antigen-binding fragment). 
     Item 2. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to Item 1, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from the group consisting of Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, and Z05 polymerase. 
     Item 3. 
     An antibody or a fragment thereof (antigen-binding fragment), the antibody comprising: 
     heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (A-1): 
                            (A-1)           GFX A3 X A4 X A5 X A6 X A7 X A8 ,            
wherein
 
     X A3  is T or S, 
     X A4  is F, L, or I, 
     X A5  is D, N, S, or T, 
     X A6  is D, N, S, T, K, R, or H, 
     X A7  is Y, F, or W, and 
     X A8  is G, S, T, W, Y, or F; 
     heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (B-1): 
                            (B-1)           IX B2 X B3 X B4 X B5 X B6 X B7 X B8 ,            
wherein
 
     X B2  is G, S, T, K, R, H, D, or N, 
     X B3  is F, Y, L, I, G, S, T, D, or N, 
     X B4  is G, S, T, D, N, K, R, or H, 
     X B5  is G, S, T, or A, 
     X B6  is G, S, T, D, or N, 
     X B7  is S, T, F, Y, D, N, K, R, or H, and 
     X B8  is S, T, V, L, I, or M; 
     heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by any one of formulas (C-1) to (C-6): 
                            (C-1)           VRX C1 X C2 X C3 GX C4 X C5 X C6 TGFDX C7 ,                       (C-2)           VRX C1 X C2 X C3 GX C4 X C5 X C6 FDX C7 ,                       (C-3)           X C8 RDGALGLAVNWFDX C7 ,                       (C-4)           ATSDDYYALNI,                       (C-5)           TTAYYSRYSYYMFDX C7 ,           and                       (C-6)           TTALRDX C7 ,            
wherein
 
     X C1  is A, S, D, K, H, or R, 
     X C2  is G, A, D, P, K, H, or R, 
     X C3  is S, T, L, Y, or I, 
     X C4  is A, V, I, R, or L, 
     X C5  is A, V, Y, or P, 
     X C6  is A, V, S, T, or Y, 
     X C7  is V, I, L, S, T, or N, and 
     X C8  is A or V; 
     light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (D-1): 
                            (D-1)           X D1 X D2 X D3 X D4 X D5 X D6 ,            
wherein
 
     X D1  is E, Q, D, or N, 
     X D2  is G, A, S. or T, 
     X D3  is A, V, L, I, or F, 
     X D4  is S, T, K, R, or H, 
     X D5  is S, T, D, N, K, R, or H, and 
     X D6  is F, Y, or W; 
     light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-1): 
                            (E-1)           X E1 X E2 X E3 ,            
wherein
 
     X E1  is G, S, T, D, N, F, Y, K, R, or H, 
     X E2  is G, A, S, T, V, L, or I, and 
     X E3  is K, R, H, D, N, S, or T; and 
     light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (F-1) or (F-2): 
                            (F-1)           (X F1 X F2 X F3 X F4 X F5 X F6 X F7 X F8             or                       (F-2)           (X F1 X F2 X F3 X F4 X F5 X F6 X F7 X F8 X F9 ,            
wherein
 
     X F1  is L, I, E, Q, F, Y, or W, 
     X F2  is D, N, E, or Q, 
     X F3  is S, T, F, or Y, 
     X F4  is G, S, T, F, Y, N, or Q, 
     X F5  is S, T, N, Q, L, or I, 
     X F6  is G, S, T, F, Y, or W, 
     X F7  is S, T, P, Y, or W, 
     X F8  is L, I, P, K, R, H, Y, T, or W, and 
     X F9  is G, S, T, D, or E. 
     Item 4. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to Item 3, further comprising a sequence region adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2, the sequence region comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-2): 
                            (E-2)           X E4 X E5 X E6 X E7 ,            
wherein
 
     X E4  is G, S, R, H, K, D, N, F, Y, or T, 
     X E5  is L, I, K, H, or R, 
     X E6  is G, A, S, T, P, F, or Y, and 
     X E7  is G, A, D, N, S, or T. 
     Item 5. 
     An antibody or a fragment thereof (antigen-binding fragment), the antibody comprising: 
     heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (A-1-1): 
                            (A-1-1)           GFTFX A51 X A61 X A71 X A81 ,            
wherein
 
     X A51  is D, N, or S, 
     X A61  is D, N, S, K, or H, 
     X A71  is Y or W, and 
     X A81  is G, W, or Y; 
     heavy chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (B-1-1): 
                            (B-1-1)           IX B21 X B31 X B41 X B51 X B61 X B71 X B81 ,            
wherein
 
     X B21  is G, S, T, K, or N, 
     X B31  is Y, L, G, T, or N, 
     X B41  is G, S, T, D, or H, 
     X B51  is G or S, 
     X B61  is G, S, T, or D, 
     X B71  is S, T, Y, D, or H, and 
     X B81  is S, T, V, I, or M; 
     heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by any one of formulas (C-1-1) to (C-6-1): 
                            (C-1-1)           VRX C111 X C2 X C31 GX C41 X C51 X C61 TGFDX C71 ,                       (C-2-1)           VRX C11 X C21 X C31 GX C41 X C51 X C61 FDX C71 ,                       (C-3-1)           X C81 RDGALGLAVNWFDX C71 ,                       (C-4)           ATSDDYYALNI,                       (C-5-1)           TTAYYSRYSYYMFDX C71 ,           and                       (C-6-1)           TTALRDX C71 ,            
wherein
 
     X C11  is A or R, 
     X C21  is P or R, 
     X C31  is T or I, 
     X C41  is V or L, 
     X C51  is P or A, 
     X C61  is T or Y, 
     X C71  is V, T, or N, and 
     X C81  is A or V; 
     light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (D-1-1): 
                            (D-1-1)           QX D21 X D31 X D41 X D51 X D61 ,            
wherein
 
     X D21  is G or S, 
     X D31  is V or I, 
     X D41  is S or K, 
     X D51  is S, N, or K, and 
     X D61  is F or Y; 
     light chain CDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-1-1): 
                            (E-1-1)           X E11 X E21 X E31 ,            
wherein
 
     X E11  is G, T, D, Y, or R, 
     X E21  is A, T, or V, and 
     X E31  is K, D, N, or S; and 
     light chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (F-1-1) or (F-2-1): 
                            (F-1-1)           (X F11 QX F31 X F41 X F51 X F61 X F71 X F81             or                       (F-2-1)           (X F11 QX F31 X F41 X F51 X F61 X F71 X F81 T,            
wherein
 
     X F11  is L, Q, F, or Y, 
     X F31  is S or Y, 
     X F41  is G, N, Q, or Y, 
     X F51  is S, N, or I, 
     X F61  is G, S, Y, or W, 
     X F71  is S, P, or W, and 
     X F81  is L, P, H, Y, or T. 
     Item 6. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to Item 5, further comprising a sequence region adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2, the sequence region comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-2-1) or (E-2-2): 
                            (E-2-1)           SLX E61 S           or                       (E-2-2)           X E42 X E52 X E62 X E72 ,            
wherein
 
     X E61  is A or P, 
     X E42  is R, N, Y, or T, 
     X E52  is L or R, 
     X E62  is A or Y, and 
     X E72  is S or T. 
     Item 7. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 3 to 6, wherein the antibody specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of Taq polymerase. 
     Item 8. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 3 to 6, wherein the antibody specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of Tth polymerase. 
     Item 9. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 3 to 6, wherein the antibody specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of Z05 polymerase. 
     Item 10. 
     An antibody that specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof (antigen-binding fragment), 
     wherein 
     at least one epitope is present in 
     an amino acid region A selected from a region at positions 56 to 66 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a region at positions 56 to 67 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3;
 
an amino acid region B selected from a region at positions 75 to 81 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a region at positions 76 to 82 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3;
 
an amino acid region C selected from a region at positions 161 to 182 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a region at positions 162 to 183 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3; or
 
an amino acid region D selected from a region at positions 269 to 285 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a region at positions 271 to 287 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3.
 
     Item 11. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to Item 10, wherein the at least one epitope is present in the amino acid region A or B. 
     Item 12. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to Item 10 or 11, 
     wherein 
     the epitope in the amino acid region A is represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 60 to 63, the epitope in the amino acid region B is represented by SEQ ID NO: 64 or 65, the epitope in the amino acid region C is represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 66 to 74, and the epitope in the amino acid region D is represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75 to 83. 
     Item 13. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 10 to 12, 
     wherein 
     the epitope in the amino acid region A is represented by SEQ ID NO: 61 or 62, the epitope in the amino acid region B is represented by SEQ ID NO: 64 or 65, the epitope in the amino acid region C is represented by SEQ ID NO: 66, 67, 68, 70, or 71, and the epitope in the amino acid region D is represented by SEQ ID NO: 77, 78, 80, or 82. 
     Item 14. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 13, which is a monoclonal antibody or a fragment thereof. 
     Item 15. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 14, 
     wherein 
     the heavy chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 28, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences, and 
     the light chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 42 to 48, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences. 
     Item 16. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 15, 
     wherein 
     the heavy chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 28, and 
     the light chain CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 42 to 48. 
     Item 17. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 16, comprising: 
     heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 11, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences; 
     heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12 to 20, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences, 
     heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 28, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences, 
     light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 29 to 35, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences, 
     light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by YTN, YTD, YAD, YAN, DAS, GVK, RAK, GAK, or TAS; and 
     light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 42 to 48, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences. 
     Item 18. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 17, comprising: 
     heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 11; 
     heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12 to 20; 
     heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 28; 
     light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 29 to 35; 
     light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by YTN, YTD, YAD, YAN, DAS, GVK, RAK, GAK, or TAS; and 
     light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 42 to 48. 
     Item 19. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to Item 17 or 18, further comprising a sequence region adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2, the sequence region comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 36 to 41, or an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are mutated in any one of these amino acid sequences. 
     Item 20. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 17 to 19, further comprising a sequence region adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2, the sequence region comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 36 to 41. 
     Item 21. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 15, 17, and 19, wherein the mutation is a conservative substitution. 
     Item 22. 
     A fragment of the antibody of any one of Items 1 to 21, wherein the fragment is Fab, F(ab′)2, or scFv (antigen-binding fragment). 
     Item 23. 
     A reagent comprising the antibody or a fragment thereof of any one of Items 1 to 21, or the fragment of Item 22. 
     Item 24. 
     The reagent according to Item 23, further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain, a primer, a probe, and deoxyribonucleoside-5′-phosphate. 
     Item 25. 
     The reagent according to Item 24, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from the group consisting of Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, and Z05 polymerase. 
     Item 26. 
     The reagent according to any one of Items 23 to 25, which is a nucleic acid amplification reagent. 
     Item 27. 
     A method for producing an antibody that specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof (antigen-binding fragment), 
     the method comprising 
     step A of selecting an antibody having binding ability for the entirety of a DNA polymerase from antibodies produced by an animal immunized with an immunogen consisting of a portion of the DNA polymerase, the portion containing a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain. 
     Item 28. 
     The production method according to Item 27, wherein the immunogen consists of the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of the DNA polymerase. 
     Item 29. 
     The production method according to Item 27 or 28, wherein the DNA polymerase is selected from the group consisting of Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, and Z05 polymerase. 
     Item 30. 
     The production method according to any one of Items 27 to 29, wherein the immunogen consists of a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of Tth polymerase. 
     Item 31. 
     The production method according to Item 27, wherein step A is a step of selecting an antibody having binding ability for the entirety of Taq polymerase from antibodies produced by an animal immunized with an immunogen consisting of a portion of Tth polymerase, the portion containing a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain. 
     Item 32. 
     The production method according to Item 27, wherein step A is a step of selecting an antibody having binding ability for the entirety of Taq polymerase from antibodies produced by an animal immunized with an immunogen consisting of a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of Tth polymerase. 
     Item 33. 
     A method for producing an antibody fragment (antigen-binding fragment), 
     the method comprising 
     expressing a portion of an amino acid sequence by genetic engineering technique based on the amino acid sequence of the antibody obtained by the production method of any one of Items 27 to 32. 
     Item 34. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 21, or the fragment according to Item 22, having an inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease of the DNA polymerase of 60% or more when present together at 37° C. for 24 hours with a DNA polymerase. 
     Item 35. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 21 and 34, or the fragment according to Item 22, having a substrate DNA degradation rate of 40% or less when present together at 25° C. for 24 hours with a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain and a substrate DNA, the substrate DNA being single or double stranded and optionally functioning as a probe. 
     Item 36. 
     A reagent for stabilizing a composition comprising a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain and at least one nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of a primer, a probe, and a nucleic acid template, the reagent containing the antibody or a fragment thereof of any one of Items 1 to 21, 34, and 35 or the fragment of Item 22. 
     Item 37. 
     A method for stabilizing a composition comprising a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain and at least one nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of a primer, a probe, and a nucleic acid template, 
     the method comprising 
     adding the antibody or a fragment thereof of any one of Items 1 to 21, 34, and 35 or the fragment of Item 22 to the composition. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     The present invention provides an antibody that specifically binds to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof, and a useful method for producing the antibody or a fragment thereof. For example, addition of the antibody or a fragment thereof to a reagent containing a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain and nucleic acids, such as a primer and a probe, can inhibit the degradation of the nucleic acids and improve the stability of the reagent. When a target nucleic acid is amplified using this reagent, the generation of fragments due to the degradation of nucleic acids can be suppressed, thus preventing nonspecific amplification of the target nucleic acid and enabling highly efficient amplification of the target nucleic acid, which makes it possible to detect even a very small amount of the target nucleic acid with high sensitivity. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     1. Definitions Etc. 
     In this specification, amino acids may be natural or non-natural amino acids. Examples of non-natural amino acids include, but are not limited to, citrulline, ornithine, ε-acetyl-lysine, β-alanine, aminobenzoic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid, aminobutyric acid, hydroxyproline, mercaptopropionic acid, 3-nitrotyrosine, norleucine, and pyroglutamic acid. The amino acids may be, for example, L-, D-, or DL-amino acids. 
     In this specification, the identity of an amino acid sequence refers to the degree of identical amino acids when two or more amino acid sequences for comparison are optimally aligned. The identity of an amino acid sequence can be calculated using analysis tools that are commercially available or available through telecommunication lines (internet). For example, the identity may be calculated using the commercially available software GENETYX (Genetyx Corporation) or using default parameters in the homology algorithm BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) of the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). 
     As long as binding to a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain of a DNA polymerase is not impaired, the amino acid sequences disclosed in this specification may be such that one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) amino acids are deleted, substituted, or modified in the sequence, and such that one or more (e.g., one, two, or three) amino acids are inserted or added to the sequence. 
     The substitution of an amino acid is preferably a substitution with another amino acid that is similar in structure and/or properties (conservative substitution). The conservative substitution may include, for example, substitutions within the groups shown in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Classification 
                 Non- 
                 H or unbranched 
                 Glycine (G), alanine (A) 
               
               
                 by the 
                 aromatic 
                 hydrocarbon 
               
               
                 structure of 
                 group 
                 β branched 
                 Valine (V), leucine (L), isoleucine (I) 
               
               
                 side chain 
                   
                 hydrocarbon 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Oxygen-containing 
                 Serine (S), threonine (T) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sulfur-containing 
                 Cysteine (C), methionine (M) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Nitrogen-containing 
                 Lysine (K), arginine (R), asparagine (N), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 glutamine (Q), proline (P) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Aromatic group 
                 Phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 histidine (H), tyrosine (Y) 
               
               
                 Classification 
                 Hydrophobic, 
                 Alanine (A), valine (V), leucine (L), 
               
               
                 by the 
                 Nonpolar 
                 isoleucine (I), proline (P), phenylalanine 
               
               
                 charge/polarity 
                   
                 (F), methionine (M), tryptophan (W) 
               
               
                 of side chain 
                 Uncharged, 
                 Glycine (G), asparagine (N), glutamine 
               
               
                   
                 Polar 
                 (Q), serine (S), threonine (T), tyrosine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Y), cysteine (C) 
               
               
                   
                 Acidic 
                 Aspartic acid (D), glutamic acid (E) 
               
               
                   
                 Basic 
                 Lysine (K), arginine (R), histidine (H) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Examples of modification of an amino acid include modification of the functional groups, such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl (SH) groups. Examples of the modification of the functional groups include glycosylation; methylation; esterification; amidation; PEGylation; phosphorylation; hydroxylation; linkage of a protecting group, such as t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc); biotinylation; linkage of a fluorescent dye, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC); and linkage of an enzyme, such as peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). 
     In this specification, antibodies may be monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, and are preferably monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies may be of any isotype, such as IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM. Examples of antibodies include, but are not limited to, mouse antibodies, rat antibodies, guinea pig antibodies, and human antibodies. The antibodies may also be chimeric antibodies, such as guinea pig-mouse chimeric antibodies and mouse-human chimeric antibodies. 
     In this specification, fragments of antibodies may be any fragment as long as they comprise heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 and light chain CDR1 to CDR3. Examples include Fv, Fab, Fab′, (Fab′) 2 , scFv, scFv-Fc, diabodies, triabodies, tetrabodies, and minibodies. The fragments of antibodies are preferably fragments with an antigen-binding ability (antigen-binding fragments). 
     In this specification, heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 and light chain CDR1 to CDR3 are identified by homology search using IMGT/BlastSearch (http://www.imgt.org/blast/). 
     Nucleotides, such as DNA and RNA, may be analogues that have been subjected to known chemical modifications as described below as examples. For example, to avoid degradation by hydrolytic enzymes, such as nucleases, the phosphate residue (phosphate) of each nucleotide can be substituted with a chemically modified phosphate residue, such as phosphorothioate (PS), methylphosphonate, or phosphorodithioate. Further, the hydroxyl group at position 2 of the sugar (ribose) of each ribonucleotide may be substituted with —OR (wherein R represents, for example, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 NHC(NH)NH 2 , —CH 2 CONHCH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 2 CN). Furthermore, the base moiety (pyrimidine, purine) can be chemically modified, for example, by introducing a methyl group or cationic functional group into position 5 of the pyrimidine base, or by substituting the carbonyl group at position 2 with thiocarbonyl. Furthermore, the phosphate moiety and hydroxyl moiety can be modified with, for example, biotin, an amino group, a lower alkylamine group, or an acetyl group. However, the modifications are not limited to these examples. 
     2. Antibody that Specifically Binds to 5′ to 3′ Exonuclease Domain of DNA Polymerase (Referred to Below as “Domain E”) 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention specifically binds to domain E of a DNA polymerase, and is thus capable of inhibiting the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity. Accordingly, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is useful as a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity inhibitor (also referred to as “5′ to 3′ exonuclease inhibitor”). The 5′ to 3′ exonuclease inhibitor of the present invention, which is an antibody, has high specificity, and is advantageously easily applied to a hot-start method since the inhibitory activity can be inactivated by heating etc. The DNA polymerase may be any DNA polymerase as long as it has domain E. The DNA polymerase may be a wild-type DNA polymerase, a recombinant DNA polymerase obtained by introducing a gene encoding the DNA polymerase into any host cell, or a DNA polymerase obtained by modifying the gene. For example, the DNA polymerase may be a DNA polymerase in which domain E is fused to a DNA polymerase of a wild type that does not have domain E. 
     In one embodiment, the DNA polymerase is preferably a thermostable DNA polymerase. The term “thermostable” as used here refers to the property of retaining preferably 50 W or more DNA polymerase activity even after heat treatment at a high temperature, such as 60° C. for 30 minutes. Examples of thermostable DNA polymerases include, but are not limited to, a DNA polymerase from  Thermus aquaticus  (Taq polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermus thermophilus  HB8 (Tth polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermus  sp. Z05 (Z05 polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Bacillus caldotenax  (Bca polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Bacillus stearothermophilus  (Bst polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermococcus kodakarensis  (KOD polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Pyrococcus furiosus  (Pfu polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Pyrococcus woesei  (Pwo polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermus brockianus  (Tbr polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermus filiformis  (Tfi polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermus flavus  (Tfl polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermotoga maritima  (Tma polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Themotoga neapolitana  (Tne polymerase), a DNA polymerase from  Thermococcus litoralis  (Vent polymerase), and a DNA polymerase from  Pyrococcus  GB-D (DEEPVENT polymerase). Terms such as Taq polymerase also include mutants. A mutant as used here refers to one consisting of an amino acid sequence having 80% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of the original DNA polymerase, and in which enzymatic properties, such as polymerase activity, 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity, and thermostability, are maintained. The polymerase activity domain (also referred to as “polymerase domain”) of a mutant preferably consists of an amino acid sequence having 85% or more (preferably 90% or more or 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence of the polymerase domain of the original DNA polymerase. Domain E of a mutant preferably consists of an amino acid sequence having 851 or more (preferably 90% or more or 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence of domain E of the original DNA polymerase. The amino acid mutation in the mutant is preferably a conservative substitution. 
     In one embodiment, the DNA polymerase is preferably a DNA polymerase belonging to Family A. Examples of DNA polymerases belonging to Family A include, but are not limited to, Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, Z05 polymerase, Tma polymerase, Bca polymerase, and Bst polymerase. 
     The DNA polymerase is preferably at least one member selected from the group consisting of Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, and Z05 polymerase. In a specific embodiment, the DNA polymerase is preferably two or more DNA polymerases selected from the group consisting of Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, and Z05 polymerase, and more preferably a combination of Taq polymerase with at least one member selected from the group consisting of Tth polymerase and Z05 polymerase. 
     The polymerase activity of DNA polymerase is measured as described below. However, when the polymerase activity is high, the measurement is performed as described below after a DNA polymerase solution is diluted with a preservation buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH of 8.0), 50 mM KCl, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1% (v/v) polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate (Tween (trademark) 20), 0.1% (v/v) octylphenyl-polyethylene glycol (Nonidet (trademark) P40), 50% (v/v) glycerin). 
     (1) Liquid A (25 μl) described below, 5 μl of liquid B described below, 5 μl of liquid C described below, 10 μl of sterilized water, and 5 μl of a DNA polymerase solution are added to a microtube to cause a reaction at 75° C. for 10 minutes.
 
(2) The resulting product is cooled with ice, 50 μl of liquid E and 100 μl of liquid D are added thereto, and the mixture is stirred and then cooled with ice for another 10 minutes.
 
(3) The resulting liquid is filtrated through a glass filter (Whatman GF/C filter) and washed thoroughly with 0.1N hydrochloric acid and ethanol.
 
(4) The radioactivity of the filter is measured with a liquid scintillation counter (produced by Packard) to measure the incorporation of the nucleotide of the template DNA. One unit of polymerase activity is defined as the amount of the DNA polymerase that incorporates 10 nmol of nucleotide into an acid-insoluble fraction (i.e., a fraction that becomes insoluble when liquid D is added) per 30 minutes under these conditions.
 
Liquid A: 40 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH of 7.5), 16 mM magnesium chloride, 15 mM dithiothreitol, and 100 μg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA)
 
Liquid B: 1.5 μg/μl Activated calf thymus DNA
 
Liquid C: 1.5 mM dNTP (250 cpm/pmol [3H]dTTP)
 
Liquid D: 20% (w/v) Trichloroacetic acid (2 mM sodium pyrophosphate)
 
Liquid E: 1 mg/mL Calf thymus DNA
 
     In one embodiment, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably binds to at least one domain E selected from the group consisting of 
     the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1: 
                    MRGMLPLFEPKGRVLLVDGHHLAYRTFHALKGLTTSRGEPVQAVYGFA                                         ALIKELVDLLGLARLEVPGYEADDVLASLAKKAEKEGYEVRILTADKD                                         LPGVKGIGEKTARKLLEEWGSLEALLKNLDRLKPAIREKILAHMDDLK                                         ES            
(the amino acid sequence of domain E of Taq polymerase (wild type)),
 
the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2:
 
                    MEAMLPLFEPKGRVLLVDGHHLAYRTFFALKGLTTSRGEPVQAVYGFA                                         LALIKELVDLLGFTRLEVPGYEADDVLATLAKKAEKEGYEVRILTADR                                         NLPGVKGIGEKTALKLLKEWGSLENLLKNLDRVKPENVREKIKAHLED                                         LLEA            
(the amino acid sequence of domain E of Tth polymerase (wild type)),
 
the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3:
 
                    MKAMLPLFEPKGRVLLVDGHHLAYRTFFALKGLTTSRGEPVQAVYGFA                                         LALIKELVDLLGFTRLEVPGFEADDVLATLAKKAEREGYEVRILTADR                                         NLPGVKGIGEKTALKLLKEWGSLENILKNLDRVKPESVRERIKAHLED                                         LLEA            
(the amino acid sequence of domain E of Z05 polymerase (wild type)), and
 
amino acid sequences having 80% or more (preferably 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more) identity with these amino acid sequences.
 
     In one embodiment, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably binds to (or recognizes) a portion or the entirety of any one of the four amino acid regions enclosed in square boxes in any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3 above as at least one epitope (e.g., one, two, three, four, or five epitopes). Of the four amino acid regions enclosed in the square boxes above, the amino acid region at positions 56 to 66 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the amino acid region at positions 56 to 67 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 is referred to as an “amino acid region A”; the amino acid region at positions 75 to 81 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the amino acid region at positions 76 to 82 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 is referred to as an “amino acid region B”; 
     the amino acid region at positions 161 to 182 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the amino acid region at positions 162 to 183 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 is referred to as an “amino acid region C”; and
 
the amino acid region at positions 269 to 285 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the amino acid region at positions 271 to 287 from the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 is referred to as an “amino acid region D.”
 
The pol I polymerase family, including Taq polymerase, is known to have multiple regions that are particularly highly conserved from the N-terminus to about position 200 (Kim Y et al., Mol. Cells, vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 468-472 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety)). The antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention particularly preferably binds to at least one epitope (e.g., one, two, three, four, or five epitopes) present within the region from the N-terminus to about position 200 (e.g., the amino acid regions A to C) of the pol I polymerase. From this standpoint, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably binds to a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region A and/or the amino acid region B as at least one epitope. In a specific embodiment, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably binds to at least a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region A and a portion or the entirety (in particular, a portion) of either the amino acid region C or D as epitopes. In another embodiment, the antibody or a fragment thereof preferably binds to at least a portion or the entirety (in particular, the entirely) of the amino acid region B and a portion or the entirety (in particular, a portion) of either the amino acid region C or D as epitopes.
 
     Examples of epitopes of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region A include, but are not limited to, EDGDAVIVVF (SEQ ID NO: 60), KEDGDAVIVVF (SEQ ID NO: 61), EDGYKAVFVVF (SEQ ID NO: 62), and KEDGYKAVFVVF (SEQ ID NO: 63). In one embodiment, the epitope of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region A preferably comprises SEQ ID NO: 60 or 62. In a preferred embodiment, the epitope of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region A is SEQ ID NO: 60, 61, or 62, and more preferably SEQ ID NO: 61 or 62. 
     Examples of epitopes of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region B include, but are not limited to, HEAYGGY (SEQ ID NO: 64) and HEAYEAY (SEQ ID NO: 65). 
     Examples of epitopes of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region C include, but are not limited to, HLITPEWLW (SEQ ID NO: 66), KYGLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 67), EKYGLRPDQWADY (SEQ ID NO: 68), KYGLRPDQWADY (SEQ ID NO: 69), GLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 70), ITPEWLW (SEQ ID NO: 71), YLITPAWLWEKYGLRPDQWADY (SEQ ID NO: 72), HLITPEWLWEKYGLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 73), and HLITPEWLWEKYGLKPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 74). In one embodiment, the epitope of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region C preferably comprises SEQ ID NO: 68, 70, or 71. In a preferred embodiment, the epitope of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region C is SEQ ID NO: 66, 67, 68, 70, or 71. 
     Examples of epitopes of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region D include, but are not limited to, LERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 75), LERLEFGSLLH (SEQ ID NO: 76), LERLEFGSLLHEF (SEQ ID NO: 77), LRAFLERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 78), RAFLERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 79), RAFLERLEFGSLLH (SEQ ID NO: 80), LEFGSLLH (SEQ ID NO: 81), LEFGSLLHEF (SEQ ID NO: 82), and LRAFLERLEFGSLLHEF (SEQ ID NO: 83). In one embodiment, the epitope of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region D preferably comprises SEQ ID NO: 75, 76, 78, 79, or 81. In a preferred embodiment, the epitope of a portion or the entirety of the amino acid region D is SEQ ID NO: 77, 78, 80, or 82. 
     The epitopes described above may have any length. For example, the epitope may be composed of 5 to 25 residues, preferably 6 to 20 residues, more preferably 6 to 15 residues, and still more preferably 7 to 14 residues. 
     In one embodiment, the heavy chain CDR1 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises the following amino acid sequence:
         an amino acid sequence represented by formula (A-1) shown in Table 2,   an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence, or   an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in the amino acid sequence.       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 GFX A3 X A4 X A5 SX A6 X A7 X A8   
                 GFTFX A51 X A61 X A71 X A81   
                 GFTFDDYG 
               
               
                 (A-1) 
                 (A-1-1) 
                 (A-1-2, SEQ ID NO: 4) 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 GFTFSNYY 
               
               
                 X A3  is T or S, 
                 X A51  is D, N, or S, 
                 (A-1-3, SEQ ID NO: 5) 
               
               
                 X A4  is F, L or I, 
                 X A61  is D, N, S, K, or H, 
                 GFTFNNYY 
               
               
                 X A5  is D. N, S, or T, 
                 X A71  is V or W, and 
                 (A-1-4, SEQ ID NO: 6) 
               
               
                 X A6  is D, N, S, T, K, R, or H, 
                 X A81  is G, W, or Y.) 
                 GFTFSSYY 
               
               
                 X A7  is Y, F, or W, and 
                   
                 (A-1-5, SEQ ID NO: 7) 
               
               
                 X A8  is G, S, T, W, Y, or F.) 
                   
                 GFTFSKWY 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (A-1-6, SEQ ID NO: 8) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GFTFSHYY 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (A-1-7, SEQ ID NO: 9) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GFTFSNYW 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (A-1-8, SEQ ID NO: 10) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GFTFSSYG 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (A-1-9, SEQ ID NO: 11) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (A-1), X A3  is preferably T, X A4  is preferably F, X A5  is preferably D, N, or S, X A6  is preferably D, N, S, K, or H, or D, N, S, or H, X A7  is preferably Y or W, or Y, and X A8  is preferably G, W, or Y. 
     The heavy chain CDR1 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises an amino acid sequence represented by formula (A-1-1), more preferably an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (A-1-2) to (A-1-9), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     In one embodiment, the heavy chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises the following amino acid sequence:
         an amino acid sequence represented by formula (B-1) shown in Table 3,   an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence, or   an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in the amino acid sequence.       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 IX B2 X B3 X B4 X B5 X B6 X B7 X B8  (B-1) 
                 IX B21 X B31 X B41 X B51 X B61 X B71 X B81   
                 ISLSGGSS (B-1-2, 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (B-1-1) 
                 SEQ ID NO: 12) 
               
               
                 X B2  is G, S, T, K, R, H, D, or N, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 ISNTGGST (B-1-3, 
               
               
                 X B3  is F, Y, L, I, G, S, T, D, or N, 
                 X B21  is G, S, T, K, or N, 
                 SEQ ID NO 13) 
               
               
                 X B4  is G, S, T, D, N, K, R, or H, 
                 X B31  is Y, L, G, T, or N, 
                 ISNTGGTT (B-1-4 
               
               
                 X B5  is G, S, T, or A, 
                 X B41  is G, S, T, D, or H, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 14) 
               
               
                 X B6  is G, S, T, D, or N, 
                 X B51  is G, or S, 
                 ISNSGSST (B-1-5, 
               
               
                 X B7  is S, T, F, Y, D, N, K, R, or H, and 
                 X B61  is G, S, T, or D, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 15) 
               
               
                 X B8  is S, T, V, L, I, or M.) 
                 X B71  is S, T, Y, D, or H, and 
                 ITYHSDDM (B-1-6, 
               
               
                   
                 X B81  is S, T, V, I, or M.) 
                 SEQ ID NO: 16) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ISGGGSYI (B-1-7, SEQ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ID NO: 17) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IKGDSSTI (B-1-8, SEQ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ID NO: 18) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IGGHGTHV (B-1-9, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ ID NO: 19) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 INTDGGTT (B-1-10, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SEQ ID NO; 20) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (B-1), X B2  is preferably G, S, T, K, or N, G, S, or K, or S, X B3  is preferably Y, L, G, T, or N, more preferably L, G, or N, L or N, or Y, G, or T, X B4  is preferably G, S, T, D, or H, more preferably G, S, T, or D, S or T, or G, D, or H, X B5  is preferably G or S, or G, X B6  is preferably G, S, T, or D, G, S, or T, or G or S, X B7  is preferably S, T, Y, D, or H, more preferably S, T, or Y, S or T, or T, Y, D, or H, X B8  is preferably S, T, V, I, or M, more preferably S, T, or I, S or T, or T, V, I, or M. 
     The heavy chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises an amino acid sequence represented by formula (B-1-1), more preferably an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (B-1-2) to (B-1-10), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     In one embodiment, the heavy chain CDR3 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises the following amino acid sequence:
         an amino acid sequence represented by any one of formulas (C-1) to (C-6) shown in Table 4,   an amino acid sequence having 90 or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with any one of these amino acid sequences, or   an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in any one of these amino acid sequences.       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 VRX C1 X C2 X C3 GX C4 X C5   
                 VRX C11 X C21 X C31 GX C41 X C51   
                 VRRRTGVPTTGFDV 
               
               
                 X C6 TGFDX C7  (C-1) 
                 X C61 TGFDX C71  (C-1-1) 
                 (C-1-2, SEQ ID NO: 21) 
               
               
                 {In the formula 
                 (In the formula 
                   
               
               
                 X C1  is A, S, D, K, H, or R, 
                 X C11  is A, or R, 
                   
               
               
                 X C2  is G, A, D, P, K, H, or R 
                 X C21  is P, or R 
                   
               
               
                 X C3  is S, T, L, Y, or I, 
                 X C31  is T, or I, 
                   
               
               
                 X C4  is A, V, I, R, or L, 
                 X C41  is V, or L, 
                   
               
               
                 X C5  is A, V, Y, or R, 
                 X C51  is P, or A, 
                   
               
               
                 X C6  is A, V, S, T, or Y, and 
                 X C61  is T, or Y, and 
                   
               
               
                 X C7  is V, I, L, S, T, or N.) 
                 X C71  is V, T, or N.) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 VRX C1 X C2 X C3 GX C4   
                 VRX C11 X C21 X C31 GX C41   
                 VRAPIGVAYFDV 
               
               
                 X C5 X C6 FDX C7  (C-2) 
                 X C51 X C61 FDX C71  (C-2-1) 
                 (C-2 2, SEQ ID NO: 22) 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 VRAPIGLAYFDT 
               
               
                 X C1  is A, S, D, K, H, or R, 
                 X C11  is A, or R, 
                 (C-2-3, SEQ ID NO: 23) 
               
               
                 X C2  is G, A, D, P K, H, or R, 
                 X C21  is P, or R, 
                   
               
               
                 X C3  is S, T, L, Y, or I, 
                 X C3 1 is T, or I, 
                   
               
               
                 X C4  is A, V, I, R, or L, 
                 X C41  is V, or L, 
                   
               
               
                 X C5  is A, V, Y, or P, 
                 X C51  is P, or A, 
                   
               
               
                 X C6  is A, V, S, T, or Y, and 
                 X C61  is T, or Y, and 
                   
               
               
                 X C7  is V, I, L, S, T, or N.) 
                 X C71  is V, T, or N.) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X C8 RDGALGLAV 
                 X C81 RDGALGLAV 
                 ARDGALGLAVNWFDN 
               
               
                 NWFDX C7 (C-3) 
                 NWFDX C71 (C-3-1) 
                 (C-3-2, SEQ ID NO: 24) 
               
               
                 (In the formula 
                 (In the formula, 
                 VRDGALGLAVNWFDN 
               
               
                 X C7  is V, I, L, S, T, or N, and 
                 X C71  is V, T, or N, and 
                 (C-3-3,SEQ ID NO: 25) 
               
               
                 X C8  is A or V.) 
                 X C81  is A or V.) 
                 ATSDDYYALNL (C-4 SEQ ID NO: 26) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTAYYSRYSYYMFDX C7   
                 TTAYYSRYSYYMFDX C71   
                 TTAYYSRYSYYMFDV 
               
               
                 (C-5) 
                 (C-5-1) 
                 (C-5-2,SEQ ID NO:27) 
               
               
                 (In the formula 
                 (In the formula 
                   
               
               
                 X C7  is V, I, L, S, T, or N.) 
                 X C71  is V, T, or N) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTALRDX C7  (C-6) 
                 TTALRDX C71  (C-6-1) 
                 TTALRDV 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 (G6GSEQ!DNO: 28) 
               
               
                 X C7  is V, I, L, S, T, or N.) 
                 X C71  is V, T, or N.) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (C-1), X C1  is preferably A or R, more preferably R, X C2  is preferably P or R, more preferably R, X C3  is preferably T or I, more preferably T, X C4  is preferably V or L, more preferably V, X C5  is preferably P or A, more preferably P, X C6  is preferably T or Y, more preferably T, and X C7  is preferably V, T, or N, more preferably V. 
     In formula (C-2), X C1  is preferably A or R, more preferably A, X C2  is preferably P or R, more preferably P, X C3  is preferably T or I, more preferably I, X C4  is preferably V or L, X C5  is preferably P or A, more preferably A, X C6  is preferably T or Y, more preferably Y, and X C7  is preferably V, T, or N, more preferably V or T. 
     In formula (C-3), X C7  is preferably V, T, or N, more preferably N. 
     In formula (C-5), X C7  is preferably V, T, or N, more preferably V. 
     In formula (C-6), X C7  is preferably V, T, or N, more preferably V. 
     The heavy chain CDR3 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (C-1-1), (C-2-1), (C-3-1), (C-4), (C-5-1), and (C-6-1), more preferably an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (C-1-2), (C-2-2), (C-2-3), (C-3-2), (C-3-3), (C-4), (C-5-2), and (C-6-2), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     In one embodiment, the light chain CDR1 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises the following amino acid sequence:
         an amino acid sequence represented by formula (D-1) shown in Table 5,   an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence, or   an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in the amino acid sequence.       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 X D1 X D2 X D3 X D4 X D5 X D6  (D-1) 
                 QX D21 X D31 X D41 X D51 X D61   
                 QSISNY 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (D-1-1) 
                 (D-1-2, SEQ ID NO: 29) 
               
               
                 X D1  is E, Q, D, or N, 
                 (In the formula. 
                 QSVKNY 
               
               
                 X D2  is G, A, S, or T, 
                 X D21  is G or S, 
                 (D-1-3, SEQ ID NO: 30) 
               
               
                 X D3  is A, V, L, I, or F, 
                 X D31  is V or I, 
                 QSVKSY 
               
               
                 X D4  is S, T, K, R, or H, 
                 X D41  is S or K, 
                 (D-1-4, SEQ ID NO: 31) 
               
               
                 X D5  is S, T, D, N, K, R, or H, and 
                 X D51  is H or K, and 
                 QSVSKY 
               
               
                 X D6  is F, Y, or W.) 
                 X D61  is F or Y.) 
                 (D-1-5, SEQ ID NO: 32) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 QGISSY 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (D-1-6, SEQ ID NO: 33) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 QGISNY 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (D-1-7, SEQ ID NO: 34) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 QGVSSF 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (D-1-8, SEQ ID NO: 35) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (D-1), X D1  is preferably Q, X D2  is preferably G or S, X D3  is preferably V or I, X D4  is preferably S or K, X D5  is preferably S, N, or K, or S or N, and X D6  is preferably F or Y, or Y. 
     The light chain CDR1 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises an amino acid sequence represented by formula (D-1-1), more preferably an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (D-1-2) to (D-1-8), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     In one embodiment, the light chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises the following amino acid sequence:
         an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-1) shown in Table 6A,   an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence, or   an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid) are mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in the amino acid sequence.       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6A 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 X E1 X E2 X E3  (E-1) 
                 X E11 X E21 X E31  (E-1-1) 
                 X E12 X E22 X E32  (E-1-2) 
                 YTN (E-1-4) 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 YTD (E-1-5) 
               
               
                 X E1  is G, S, T, D, N, F, Y, K, 
                 X E11  is G, T, D, Y, or R, 
                 X E12  is Y, 
                 YAD (E-1-6) 
               
               
                 R, or H, 
                 X E21  is A, T, or V, and 
                 X E22  is A or T, and 
                 YAB (E-1-7) 
               
               
                 X E2  is G, A, S, T, V, L or I, 
                 X E31  is K, D, N, or S.) 
                 X E32  is D or N.) 
                   
               
               
                 and 
                   
                 X E13 X E23 X E33  (E-1-3) 
                 DAS (E-1-8) 
               
               
                 X E3  is K, R, H, D, N, S, or T.) 
                   
                 (In the formula, 
                 GVK (E-1-8) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X E13  is G, T, D, or R, 
                 RAK (E-1-10) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X E23  is A or V, and 
                 GAK (E-1-11) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 X E33  is K or S.) 
                 TAS (E-1-12) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (E-1), X E1  is preferably G, T, D, Y, or R, more preferably G, Y, or R, or G, T, D, or R, and still more preferably Y, or G, T, D, or R, X E2  is preferably A, T, or V, more preferably A or T, or A or V, and X E3  is preferably K, D, N, or S, more preferably K, D, or N, or K or S, and still more preferably D or N, or K or S. 
     The light chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-1-1), more preferably an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-1-2) or (E-1-3), and still more preferably an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (E-1-4) to (E-1-12), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     In one embodiment, the following amino acid sequence is preferably adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention:
         an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-2) shown in Table 6B,   an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence, or   an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in the amino acid sequence.       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6B 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 X E4 X E5 X E6 X E7  (E-2) 
                 SLX E61 S (E-2-1) 
                 SLAS (E-2-3, SEQ ID 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 NO: 36) 
               
               
                 X E4  is G, S, R, H, K, D, N, F, Y, or T, 
                 X E61  is A or P.) 
                 SLPS (E-2-4, SEQ ID 
               
               
                 X E5  is L,I, K, H, or R, 
                 X E42 X E52 X E62 X E72  (E-2-2) 
                 NO: 37) 
               
               
                 X E6  is G, A, S, T, P, F, or Y, and 
                 (In the formula, 
                 RRAT (E-2-5, SEQ ID 
               
               
                 X E7  is G, A, D, N, S, or T.) 
                 X E42  is RN, N, Y, or T, 
                 NO: 38) 
               
               
                   
                 X E52  is L or R, 
                 NLYS (E-2-6, SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 X E62  is A or Y, and 
                 NO: 39 
               
               
                   
                 X E72  is S or T.) 
                 YLYS (E-2-7, SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NO: 40 
               
               
                   
                   
                 TRAT (E-2-8, SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NO: 41) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (E-2), X E4  is preferably S, R, N, Y, or T, more preferably S, or R, N, Y, or T, X E5  is preferably L or R, or L, X E6  is preferably A, P. or Y, more preferably A or P, or A or Y, and X E7  is preferably S or T, or S. 
     The C-terminus of the light chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is preferably adjacent to an amino acid sequence represented by formula (E-2-1) or (E-2-2), more preferably an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences represented by formulas (E-2-3) to (E-2-8), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92 W or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     The amino acid adjacent to the N-terminus of the light chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is preferably, but is not limited to, Y, F, or H. It is also preferable that these amino acids are conservatively substituted. 
     In one embodiment, the light chain CDR3 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises the following amino acid sequence:
         an amino acid sequence represented by formula (F-1) or (F-2) shown in Table 7,   an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (preferably 95% or more) identity with the amino acid sequence, or       

     an amino acid sequence in which one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in the amino acid sequence. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 X F1 X F2 X F3 X F4 X F5 X F6 X F7 X F8   
                 X F11 QX F31 X F41 X F51 X F61 X F71 X F81   
                 LQSYIYPL (F-1-2, SEQ 
               
               
                 (F-1) 
                 (F-1-1) 
                 ID NO: 42) 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 QQYQSWPY (F-1-3, 
               
               
                 X F1  is L, I, E, Q, F, Y, or W, 
                 X F11  is L, Q, F, or Y, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 43) 
               
               
                 X F2  is D, N, E, or Q, 
                 X F31  is S or Y, 
                 QQYQSWPH (F-1-4, 
               
               
                 X F3  is S, T, F, or Y, 
                 X F41  is G, N, Q, or Y, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 44) 
               
               
                 X F4  is G, S, T, F, Y, N, or Q, 
                 X F51  is S, N or I, 
                 YQYNSGWT (F-1-5, 
               
               
                 X F5  is S, T, N, Q, L, or I, 
                 X F61  is G, S, Y, or W, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 45) 
               
               
                 X F6  is G, S, T, F, Y, or W, 
                 X F71  is S, P, or W, and 
                   
               
               
                 X F7  is S, T, P, Y, or W, and 
                 X F81  is L, P, H, Y, or T.) 
                   
               
               
                 X F8  is L, I, P, K, R, H, Y, T 
                   
                   
               
               
                 or W.) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 X F1 X F2 X F3 X F4 X F5 X F6 X F7 X F8 X F9   
                 X F11 QX F31 X F41 X F51 X F61 X F71 X F81 T 
                 QQYGSSPPT (F-2-2, 
               
               
                 (F-2) 
                 (F-2-1) 
                 SEQ ID NO: 46) 
               
               
                 (In the formula, 
                 (In the formula, 
                 QQYGNSPPT (F-2-3, 
               
               
                 X F1  is L, I, E, Q, F, Y, or W, 
                 X F11  is L, Q, F, or Y, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 47) 
               
               
                 X F2  is D, N, E, or Q, 
                 X F31  is S or Y, 
                 FQYYSGSPT (F24, 
               
               
                 X F3  is S, T, F, or Y, 
                 X F41  is G, N, Q, or Y, 
                 SEQ ID NO: 48) 
               
               
                 X F4  is G, S, T, F, Y, N, or Q, 
                 X F51  is S, N or I, 
                   
               
               
                 X F5  is S, T, N, Q, L, or I, 
                 X F61  is G, S, Y, or W, 
                   
               
               
                 X F6  is G, S, T, F, Y, or W, 
                 X F71  is S, P, or W, and 
                   
               
               
                 X F7  is S, T, P, Y, or W, 
                 X F81  is L, P, H, Y, or T.) 
                   
               
               
                 X F8  is L, I, P, K, R, H, Y, T 
                   
                   
               
               
                 or W, and 
                   
                   
               
               
                 X F9  is G, S, T, D, or E.) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In formula (F-1), X F1  is preferably L, Q, F, or Y, more preferably L, Q, or Y, or Q, F, or Y, and still more preferably L, Q, or Y, or Q or F, X F2  is preferably Q, X F3  is preferably S or Y, or Y, X F4  is preferably G, N, Q, or Y, more preferably N, Q, or Y; G, Q, or Y; G, N, or Y; or G or Y, X F5  is preferably S, N, or I, more preferably S or I, or S or N, X F6  is preferably G, S, Y, or W, more preferably G, Y, or W; S, Y, or W; or G or S, X F7  is preferably S, P, or W, more preferably P or W; S or P; or P, and X F8  is preferably L, P, H, or Y, more preferably L, H, Y, or T, or P. 
     The light chain CDR3 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention preferably comprises an amino acid sequence represented by formula (F-1-1) or (F-2-1), and more preferably an amino acid sequence represented by any one of (F-1-2) to (F-1-5) and (F-2-2) to (F-2-4), or an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. The identity is preferably 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, or 95% or more. 
     Table 8A shows suitable examples of combinations of the heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 and light chain CDR1 to CDR3 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Heavy chain 
                 Heavy chain 
                 Heavy chain 
                 Light chain 
                 Light chain 
                 Light chain 
               
               
                 Combination 
                 CDR1 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR3 
                 CDR1 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 C1 
                 (A-1) 
                 (B-1) 
                 (C-1), 
                 (D-1) 
                 (E-1) 
                 (F-1), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-2), 
                   
                   
                 (F-2) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-3), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-4), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-5), or (C-6) 
               
               
                 C2 
                 (A-1-1) 
                 (B-1-1) 
                 (C-1-1), 
                 (D-1-1) 
                 (E-1-1) or 
                 (F-1-1), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-2-1), 
                   
                 (E-1-2) 
                 (F-2-1) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-3-1), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-4), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-5-1), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-6-1) 
               
               
                 C3 
                 (A-1-2), 
                 (B-1-2), 
                 (C-1-2), 
                 (D-1-2), 
                 (E-1-4), 
                 (F-1-2), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-3), 
                 (B-1-3), 
                 (C-2-2), 
                 (D-1-3), 
                 (E-1-5), 
                 (F-1-3), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-4), 
                 (B-1-4), 
                 (C-2-3), 
                 (D-1-4), 
                 (E-1-6), 
                 (F-1-4), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-5), 
                 (B-1-5), 
                 (C-3-2), 
                 (D-1-5), 
                 (E-1-7), 
                 (F-1-5), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-6), 
                 (B-1-6), 
                 (C-3-3), 
                 (D-1-6), 
                 (E-1-8), 
                 (F-2-2), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-7), 
                 (B-1-7), 
                 (C-4), 
                 (D-1-7), or 
                 (E-1-9), 
                 (F-2-3), or 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-8), or 
                 (B-1-8), 
                 (C-5-2), or 
                 (D-1-8) 
                 (E-1-10), 
                 (F-2-4) 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-9) 
                 (B-1-9), or 
                 (C-6-2) 
                   
                 (E-1-11), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (B-1-10) 
                   
                   
                 (E-1-12) 
               
               
                 C4 
                 (A-1-2) 
                 (B-1-2) 
                 (C-1-2) 
                 (D-1-2) 
                 (E-1-4) 
                 (F-1-2) 
               
               
                 C5 
                 (A-1-3) 
                 (B-1-3) 
                 (C-2-2) 
                 (D-1-3) 
                 (E-1-5) 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                 C6 
                 (A-1-4) 
                 (B-1-4) 
                 (C-2-3) 
                 (D-1-4) 
                 (E-1-6) 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                 C7 
                 (A-1-5) 
                 (B-1-5) 
                 (C-2-2) 
                 (D-1-4) 
                 (E-1-7) 
                 (F-1-4) 
               
               
                 C8 
                 (A-1-3) 
                 (B-1-3) 
                 (C-2-2) 
                 (D-1-4) 
                 (E-1-7) 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                 C9 
                 (A-1-6) 
                 (B-1-6) 
                 (C-4) 
                 (D-1-5) 
                 (E-1-8) 
                 (F-1-5) 
               
               
                 C10 
                 (A-1-7) 
                 (B-1-7) 
                 (C-3-2) 
                 (D-1-5) 
                 (E-1-9) 
                 (F-2-2) 
               
               
                 C11 
                 (A-1-8) 
                 (B-1-8) 
                 (C-5-2) 
                 (D-1-6) 
                 (E-1-10) 
                 (F-2-3) 
               
               
                 C12 
                 (A-1-3) 
                 (B-1-9) 
                 (C-3-3) 
                 (D-1-7) 
                 (E-1-11) 
                 (F-2-2) 
               
               
                 C13 
                 (A-1-9) 
                 (B-1-10) 
                 (C-6-2) 
                 (D-1-8) 
                 (E-1-12) 
                 (F-2-4) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 8B shows suitable examples of combinations of the heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3, light chain CDR1 to CDR3, and sequence adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2 of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Sequence 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 adjacent to 
               
               
                   
                 Heavy chain 
                 Heavy chain 
                 Heavy chain 
                 Light chain 
                 Light chain 
                 light chain 
                 Light chain 
               
               
                 Combination 
                 CDR1 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR3 
                 CDR1 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 C14 
                 (A-1) 
                 (B-1) 
                 (C-1), 
                 (D-1) 
                 (E-1) 
                 (E-2) 
                 (F-1), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-2), 
                   
                   
                   
                 (F-2) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-3), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-4), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-5), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-6) 
               
               
                 C15 
                 (A-1-1) 
                 (B-1-1) 
                 (C-1-1), 
                 (D-1-1) 
                 (E-1-1) or 
                 (E-2-1) or 
                 (F-1-1), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-2-1), 
                   
                 (E-1-2) 
                 (E-2-2) 
                 (F-2-1) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-3-1), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-4), 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-5-1), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (C-6-1) 
               
               
                 C16 
                 (A-1-2), 
                 (B-1-2), 
                 (C-1-2), 
                 (D-1-2), 
                 (E-1-4), 
                 (E-2-3), 
                 (F-1-2), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-3), 
                 (B-1-3), 
                 (C-2-2), 
                 (D-1-3), 
                 (E-1-5), 
                 (E-2-4), 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-4), 
                 (B-1-4), 
                 (C-2-3). 
                 (D-1-4), 
                 (E-1-6), 
                 (E-2-5), 
                 (F-1-4), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-5), 
                 (B-1-5), 
                 (C-3-2), 
                 (D-1-5), 
                 (E-1-7), 
                 (E-2-6), 
                 (F-1-5), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-6), 
                 (B-1-6), 
                 (C-3-3), 
                 (D-1-6), 
                 (E-1-8), 
                 (E-2-7), or 
                 (F-2-2), 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-7), 
                 (B-1-7), 
                 (C-4), 
                 (D-1-7), or 
                 (E-1-9), 
                 (E-2-8) 
                 (F-2-3), or 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-8), or 
                 (B-1-8), 
                 (C-5-2), or 
                 (D-1-8) 
                 (E-1-10), 
                   
                 (F-2-4) 
               
               
                   
                 (A-1-9) 
                 (B-1-9), or 
                 (C-6-2) 
                   
                 (E-1-11), or 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (B-1-10) 
                   
                   
                 (E-1-12) 
               
               
                 C17 
                 (A-1-2) 
                 (B-1-2) 
                 (C-1-2) 
                 (D-1-2) 
                 (E-1-4) 
                 (E-2-3) 
                 (F-1-2) 
               
               
                 C18 
                 (A-1-3) 
                 (B-1-3) 
                 (C-2-2) 
                 (D-1-3) 
                 (E-1-5) 
                 (E-2-4) 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                 C19 
                 (A-1-4) 
                 (B-1-4) 
                 (C-2-3) 
                 (D-1-4) 
                 (E-1-6) 
                 (E-2-3) 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                 C20 
                 (A-1-5) 
                 (B-1-5) 
                 (C-2-2) 
                 (D-1-4) 
                 (E-1-7) 
                 (E-2-3) 
                 (F-1-4) 
               
               
                 C21 
                 (A-1-3) 
                 (B-1-3) 
                 (C-2-2) 
                 (D-1-4) 
                 (E-1-7) 
                 (E-2-3) 
                 (F-1-3) 
               
               
                 C22 
                 (A-1-6) 
                 (B-1-6) 
                 (C-4) 
                 (D-1-5) 
                 (E-1-8) 
                 (E-2-5) 
                 (F-1-5) 
               
               
                 C23 
                 (A-1-7) 
                 (B-1-7) 
                 (C-3-2) 
                 (D-1-5) 
                 (E-1-9) 
                 (E-2-6) 
                 (F-2-2) 
               
               
                 C24 
                 (A-1-8) 
                 (B-1-8) 
                 (C-5-2) 
                 (D-1-6) 
                 (E-1-10) 
                 (E-2-7) 
                 (F-2-3) 
               
               
                 C25 
                 (A-1-3) 
                 (B-1-9) 
                 (C-3-3) 
                 (D-1-7) 
                 (E-1-11) 
                 (E-2-6) 
                 (F-2-2) 
               
               
                 C26 
                 (A-1-9) 
                 (B-1-10) 
                 (C-6-2) 
                 (D-1-8) 
                 (E-1-12) 
                 (E-2-8) 
                 (F-2-4) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In terms of combinations of C14 to C26, it is also preferred that one to three amino acids are (preferably one or two, more preferably one amino acid is) mutated (preferably conservatively substituted) in at least one amino acid sequence of the sequences of the heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 and light chain CDR1 to CDR3, and the sequence adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2. 
     Regions other than the heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 and light chain CDR1 to CDR3 may have any amino acid sequence as long as they can be used for antibodies. Examples of constant regions for use include, but are not limited to, the constant regions of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, IgA2, and IgM. The constant regions may be constant regions from any animal including, for examples, mammals, such as mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, ferrets, goats, monkeys, and humans. Examples include the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 51 and 52 (heavy and light chain constant regions from guinea pigs), the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 53 and 54 (heavy and light chain constant regions from mouse), and sequence regions comprising an amino acid sequence having 80% or more (preferably 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more) identity with any one of these amino acid sequences. 
     The equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ) of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention for domain E of a DNA polymerase is, for example, 50 nM or less, and preferably 10 nM or less, and is, for example, 1 pH or more. The K D  can be measured, for example, using Biacore (trademark) X100 (Cytiva) as described in the Examples below. Specifically, the Kc can be calculated as follows. Specifically, a ligand (a DNA polymerase having a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease domain) is immobilized on the carboxymethyl dextran on CM5 sensor chip (Cytiva) through an amine coupling reaction with NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride), followed by blocking with a 1M ethanolamine hydrochloride solution to prepare flow cells in which the ligand is immobilized. Subsequently, serially diluted antibodies are added to the flow cells to analyze the reaction signal. 
     In one embodiment, when the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is present together with a DNA polymerase at 37° C. for 24 hours, the inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase is, for example, 50% or more, and preferably 60% or more, 70% or more, 80 or more, or 90% or more. The inhibition ability can be calculated according to the following formula by measuring the radioactivity of a labeled base released when a solution containing the following components is incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours, as described in the Examples below. 
     Radioisotope-labeled substrate nucleic acid λDNA; 
     A DNA polymerase alone (1 unit (U)), or a DNA polymerase (1 U) and the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention (0.005 μg/μl); 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH of 8.6); 
     50 mM KCl; and 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 . 
       Inhibition ability for 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity(%)=(N2−N3)/(N2−N1)×100
 
     N1: The amount of free nucleotides before incubation at 37° C. for 24 hours of a solution that does not contain the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention (or after incubation at −20° C. for 24 hours), or the amount of free nucleotides after incubation at 37° C. of 24 hours of a solution that does not contain the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention, nor a DNA polymerase 
     N2: The amount of free nucleotides after incubation at 37° C. for 24 hours of a solution that does not contain the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     N3: The amount of free nucleotides after incubation at 37° C. for 24 hours of a solution that contains the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     In another embodiment, when the antibody or a fragment thereof is present together at 25° C. for 24 hours with a substrate DNA (which may be single or double stranded and may optionally function as a probe) and a DNA polymerase, the inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase (an ability to inhibit the degradation of the substrate DNA) can also be confirmed quantitatively, for example, according to the following method (1) or (2). 
     (1) The Ct values in real-time PCR are compared between a reaction liquid after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours, the reaction liquid containing the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention together with a fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA (e.g., a fluorescent-labeled probe), and a control reaction liquid (a reaction liquid after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours or before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours in the absence of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention). A smaller difference in the Ct values means a higher inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase.
 
(2) The fluorescence intensities at the initial stage of the cycles in real-time PCR are compared between a reaction liquid after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours, the reaction liquid containing the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention together with a fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA (e.g., a fluorescent-labeled probe), and a control reaction liquid (a reaction liquid after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours or before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours in the absence of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention). A smaller difference in the fluorescence intensities means a higher inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase.
 
     The reaction liquid for use in (1) and (2) may be, for example, 
     a reaction liquid containing the following components: 
     the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention (0.06 μg/μl); 
     Taq polymerase of SEQ ID NO: 49 (0.05 U/μL); 
     an anti-polymerase antibody for hot start PCR (0.01 μg/μl); 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH of 8.3); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 
     0.3 mM dNTPs; 
     cDNA from RNA of HeLa cells (5 ng/μL); and 
     a primer-and-probe solution ( 1/20 amount of the total liquid amount), or 
     a reaction liquid containing the following components: 
     the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention (0.06 μg/μl); 
     Tth polymerase of SEQ ID NO: 50 or ZOS polymerase of SEQ ID NO: 55 (0.05 U/μL); 
     an anti-polymerase antibody for hot start PCR (0.01 μg/μl); 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH of 8.3); 
     80 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 
     0.5 mg/mL BSA; 
     0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100; 
     0.1% (w/v) sodium cholate; 
     0.3 mM dNTPs; 
     cDNA from RNA of HeLa cells (5 ng/μL); and 
     a primer-and-probe solution ( 1/20 amount of the total liquid amount). 
     The primer-and-probe solution for use in the reaction liquids above may be, for example, the following: TaqMan (registered trademark) gene expression assays produced by Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K. 
     (Genes: 
     interleukin 6, Assay ID: Hs00985639_m1 (abbreviated below as “IL6”),
 
cyclin-dependent kinase 10, Assay ID: Hs00177586_m1 (abbreviated below as “CDK10”),
 
APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator, Assay ID: Hs01568269_m1 (abbreviated below as “APC”),
 
mitogen-activated protein kinase 8, Assay ID: Hs00177083_m1 (abbreviated below as “MAPK8”).
 
SIVA1 apoptosis inducing factor, Assay ID: Hs00276002 m1 (abbreviated below as “SIVA1”),
 
ribosomal protein S19, Assay ID: Hs03044115_g1 (abbreviated below as “RPS19”), or
 
serpin family B member 5, Assay ID: Hs00985285_m1 (abbreviated below as “SERPINB5” ]
 
     The reaction liquids above preferably satisfy one, two, or three of the following items (a) to (c). 
     (a) Ct value before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours (or after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours)/Ct value after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours ≥0.8
 
(b) Fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours (or after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours)/fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours ≥0.3
 
(in the formula, the fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles indicates the fluorescence intensity in real-time PCR before the amplification curve starts up, and the initial stage of the cycles usually indicates cycles 1 to 30)
 
(c) Fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate ≤40% (in the formula, the fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate can be calculated according to the following formula:
 
       Fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate (%)=(F 13 −F 11 )/(F 12 −F 11 )×100
 
     F 11 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours (or after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours) without the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     F 12 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours without the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     F 13 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours with the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention) 
     The value in (a) above (Ct value ratio) is preferably 0.9 or more. The value in (b) above (fluorescence intensity ratio) is preferably 0.35 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and still more preferably 0.7 or more. The value in (c) above (fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate) is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less. 
     In still another embodiment, when the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is present together at 25° C. or 37° C. for 24 hours with a substrate DNA (which may be single or double stranded and may optionally function as a probe) and a DNA polymerase, the inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase (an ability to inhibit the degradation of substrate DNA) can also be confirmed quantitatively, for example, according to the following method (3) or (4). 
     (3) The band intensities of the substrate DNA after gel electrophoresis are compared between a solution after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours, the solution containing the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention together with a substrate DNA (e.g., a double-stranded substrate DNA), and a control solution (a solution after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours or before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours in the absence of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention). A smaller difference in the band intensities means a higher inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase.
 
(4) The fluorescence intensities at the initial stage of the cycles in real-time PCR or fluorescence intensities measured by spectrophotometer are compared between a reaction liquid after exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours, the reaction liquid containing the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention together with a fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA (e.g., a double-stranded substrate DNA with at least one strand being fluorescently labeled), and a control reaction liquid (a reaction liquid after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours or before exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours in the absence of the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention). A smaller difference in the fluorescence intensities means a higher inhibition ability for the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase.
 
     The solution or reaction liquid for use in (3) or (4) may be, for example, 
     a solution or reaction liquid containing the following components: 
     the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention (0.06 μg/μl); 
     Taq polymerase of SEQ ID NO: 49 (0.05 U/μL); 
     an anti-polymerase antibody for hot start PCR (0.01 μg/μl); 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH of 8.3); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 μM substrate DNA; 
     or
 
a solution or reaction liquid containing the following components:
 
     the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention (0.06 μg/μl); 
     Tth polymerase of SEQ ID NO: 50 or Z05 polymerase of SEQ ID NO: 55 (0.05 U/μL); 
     an anti-polymerase antibody for hot start PCR (0.01 μg/μl); 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH of 8.3); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 μM substrate DNA. 
     In the method (3), the substrate DNA may or may not be labeled with a fluorescent dye, radioisotope, or the like. In terms of the substrate DNA, examples of double-stranded substrate DNAs include, but are not limited to, a double-stranded substrate DNA in which the 3′ terminus of at least one chain protrudes beyond the 5′ terminus of the other chain, such as the combination of SEQ ID NO: 56 and SEQ ID NO: 57. The base length of the protruding moiety is, for example, about 3 to 10 base long. Examples of gel electrophoresis techniques include, but are not limited to, agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is preferable to use an apparatus that can quantify the band intensity of nucleic acids. Examples of the apparatus include, but are not limited to, a microchip electrophoresis system for DNA/RNA analysis (MultiNA, Shimadzu Corporation) or a fully automated high-throughput electrophoresis system (TapeStation series, Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.). 
     In the method (4), the substrate DNA is preferably fluorescently labeled. In terms of the substrate DNA, examples of double-stranded substrate DNAs include, but are not limited to, a double-stranded substrate DNA in which the 3′ terminus of at least one chain protrudes beyond the 5′ terminus of the other chain, and at least one terminus of the other chain is fluorescently labeled, such as the combination of SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59. The base length of the protruding moiety is, for example, about 3 to 10 base long. For example, changes in fluorescence values can be measured by, without limitation, a real-time PCR device or spectrophotometer. 
     The above solution or reaction liquid preferably satisfies one or two of the following items (d) and (e). 
     (d) Substrate DNA degradation rate 40%, (in the formula, the substrate DNA degradation rate can be calculated according to the following formula: 
       Substrate DNA degradation rate(%)=(S 11 −S 13 )/(S 11 −S 12 )×100
 
     S 11 : band intensity before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours (or after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours) without the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     S 12 : band intensity after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours without the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     S 13 : band intensity after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours with the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention) 
     (e) Fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate ≤40%
 
(in the formula, the fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate can be calculated according to the following formula:
 
       Fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate(%)=(F 23 −F 21 )/(F 22 −F 21 )×100)
 
     F 21 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles before exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours (or after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours) without the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     F 22 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles after exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours without the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     F 23 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles after exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours with the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention 
     Initial Stage of the Cycles: Usually Cycles 1 to 30 
     Fluorescence Intensity: Fluorescence Intensity During the Real-Time PCR) 
     The substrate DNA degradation rate in (d) above is preferably 30% or less, and more preferably 20% or less. The fluorescent-labeled substrate DNA degradation rate in (e) above is preferably 30% or less, and more preferably 20% or less. 
     Even when the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is present together, for example, at 25° C. for 24, 48, or 72 hours, or at 37° C. for 24 hours with a DNA polymerase and nucleic acids, such as a nucleic acid template, a primer, and a probe, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention is capable of inhibiting the degradation of the nucleic acids caused by the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase. Thus, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention can be suitably used to improve the stability of nucleic acid amplification reagents, etc. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by immunizing an animal with an immunogen consisting of a portion of a DNA polymerase, the portion containing domain E, or consisting of the entire DNA polymerase. The immunogen preferably consists of a portion of a DNA polymerase, the portion containing domain E, more preferably consists of a portion of at least one DNA polymerase selected from the group consisting of Taq polymerase, Tth polymerase, and Z05 polymerase, the portion containing domain E, and still more preferably a portion of Tth polymerase, the portion containing domain E. Examples of animals include, but are not limited to, mammals, such as mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, ferrets, goats, monkeys, and humans. 
     The antibodies of the present invention can be obtained by screening antibodies produced by the animal immunized with the immunogen mentioned above. For example, when the immunogen consists of a portion of a DNA polymerase, the portion containing domain E, the screening may be performed using the binding ability for the entire DNA polymerase as an indicator. Alternatively, when the immunogen consists of the entire DNA polymerase, screening may be performed using the binding ability for a portion of the DNA polymerase, the portion containing domain E, or using the difference between the binding ability for the entire DNA polymerase and the binding ability for portions other than the portion of the DNA polymerase, the portion containing domain E, as an indicator. In one embodiment, it is preferred to use an immunogen consisting of a portion of a DNA polymerase, the portion containing domain E, and perform screening using the binding ability for the entire DNA polymerase as an indicator. It is more preferred to use an immunogen consisting of a portion of Tth polymerase, the portion containing domain E, and perform screening using the binding ability for the entire DNA polymerase as an indicator. 
     Specific examples of usable screening methods include a hybridoma method, in which mammalian spleen cells are fused to myeloma cells, and a phage display method, in which antibodies with affinity for a target molecule are selected from an antibody phage library. The screening method may also be a method comprising sorting antigen-specific plasma cells from immunized animals, and isolating antibody genes (full length or part of variable regions, etc.) to obtain a recombinant antibody with high affinity for antigen. 
     Examples of methods for sorting antigen-specific plasma cells include the method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/031528 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and the method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018/292407 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). In the former method, a cell suspension solution prepared from an immune animal is subjected to the action of a fluorescent-labeled antigen and a fluorescent dye with endoplasmic reticulum affinity, and an antibody expressed on the cell surface is fluorescently labeled, whereby antigen-specific plasma cells can be identified. In the latter method, a cell population containing antibody-producing cells is subjected to fixing treatment with a crosslinking agent and cell membrane lysis treatment with a surfactant to bind the antibody expressed inside the cells to a fluorescent-labeled antigen, whereby antigen-specific plasma cells can be identified. In these methods, at least one plasma cell binding to a target antigen can be separated by performing single-cell analysis using a cell sorter. Further, in these methods, fluorescent probes of high dye selectivity for the endoplasmic reticulum of cells can be used to distinguish plasma cells and plasmablasts from other cells. For such fluorescent probes, for example, those described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/029325 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) may be used. 
     Examples of the method for obtaining antibody genes from antigen-specific plasma cells include, but are not limited to, a hybridoma method and antibody gene cloning. The latter method may be, for example, a method comprising extracting mRNA from antigen-specific plasma cells, performing reverse transcription, and synthesizing cDNA to obtain antibody genes. The method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/020879 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) may also be used. In this method, mRNA is extracted from antigen-specific plasma cells using magnetic beads to obtain antibody genes by RT-PCR. This method uses a reaction device, optionally comprises a washing step, and can perform multiple sequential reactions, such as cDNA synthesis from mRNA and DNA amplification, in parallel. 
     The method for obtaining recombinant antibodies from antibody genes may be, for example, a method comprising constructing an antibody expression vector that contains an antibody gene and expressing an antibody from the antibody expression vector. Examples of such methods include the method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/023009 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and the method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/117609 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). The former method permits the specific production of a joined DNA fragment containing a sequence derived from a desired target gene by causing one or more double-stranded DNA fragments to bind to a PCR amplification product containing a target gene sequence without purifying the PCR amplification product. In the latter method, a sequence of an amplification primer and an internal sequence of the amplification primer sequence that only exists in a target gene are added to homologous recombination regions existing on both ends of a linearized vector, thereby target DNA fragments can be selectively subjected to homologous recombination to construct a vector. 
     The antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention may also be obtained by genetic engineering techniques based on the amino acid sequence information of antibodies or fragments thereof obtained by the above methods. For example, the antibody or a fragment thereof of the present invention may be obtained by expressing in any host cell known in this field an expression vector comprising an antibody gene designed such that the amino acid sequences of the light chain CDR1 to CDR3 and optionally the region adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2 respectively have 80% or more identity with the amino acid sequences of the light chain CDR1 to CDR3 and optionally the region adjacent to the C-terminus of the light chain CDR2 of the antibody obtained by the above methods, and such that the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 respectively have 80% or more identity with the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain CDR1 to CDR3 of the antibody obtained by the above methods. 
     3. Polynucleotide 
     The polynucleotide of the present invention preferably comprises the coding sequence of the antibody or a fragment thereof described above in section 2. 
     In one embodiment, the polynucleotide of the present invention preferably comprises an expression cassette of the antibody or a fragment thereof described above in section 2. The expression cassette may be any expression cassette as long as it allows expression in host cells, and comprises, for example, a promoter and a coding sequence placed under the control of the promoter. 
     The promoter may be any promoter and can be appropriately selected according to the type of the host cells. The promoter for use may be, for example, any pol II promoter. Examples of pol II promoters include, but are not limited to, a CMV promoter, EF1 promoter, SV40 promoter, and MSCV promoter. In addition, examples of promoters include a tryptophan promoter, such as trc and tac; lac promoter; T7 promoter; T5 promoter; T3 promoter; SP6 promoter; arabinose-induced promoter; cold-shock promoter; and tetracycline-induced promoter. 
     The expression cassette may comprise other elements as necessary. Examples of other elements include multiple cloning sites (MCS), drug resistance genes, replication origins, enhancer sequences, repressor sequences, insulator sequences, reporter protein-coding sequences, and drug resistance-gene-coding sequences. These may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. 
     The polynucleotide of the present invention can be, for example, in the form of a vector. An appropriate vector is selected according to the purpose of use, host cell type, etc. Examples of vectors that use  E. coli  as the host include M13 phage or a variant thereof, λ phage or a variant thereof, and pBR322 or a variant thereof (e.g., pB325, pAT153, pUC8). Examples of vectors that use yeast as the host include pYepSec1, pMFa, pYES2, and pPIC3.5K. Examples of vectors that use insect cells as the host include pAc and pVL. Examples of vectors that use mammalian cells as the host include pcDNA, pCDM8, and pMT2PC. 
     4. Cell 
     The cell of the present invention preferably comprises the polynucleotide described above in section 3. Examples of cells include  Escherichia coli , such as  Escherichia coli  K12,  Bacillus  bacteria, such as  Bacillus subtilis  M1114, yeasts, such as  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  AH22, Sf cell line from  Spodoptera frugiperda  or High Five cell line from  Trichoplusia ni , and insect cells and animal cells, such as olfactory nerve cells. The animal cells are preferably cultured cells derived from mammals. Specific examples include COS7 cells, CHO cells, HEK293 cells, Expi293 cells, 293F cells, 293T cells, 293FT cells, Hela cells, PC12 cells, N1E-115 cells, and SH-SY5Y cells. 
     In one embodiment, the cell of the present invention is preferably a cell expressing an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof. 
     In one embodiment, the cell of the present invention is preferably secreting or having on the cell surface an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of a DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof. 
     5. Reagent 
     The reagent of the present invention preferably comprises the antibody or a fragment thereof described in section 2 above, the polynucleotide described in section 3 above, or the cell described in section 4 above. The reagent of the present invention preferably further comprises an excipient or a carrier and/or an additive. 
     Examples of the excipient or carrier include starch, lactose, crystalline cellulose, sorbitol, calcium hydrogen phosphate, water, ethanol, (poly)ethylene glycol, (poly)propylene glycol, glycerol, and vegetable oil. These may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. 
     Examples of the additive include a buffering agent, a tonicity agent, a thickener, a chelating agent, an emulsifier, a coloring agent, and a preservative. These may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. 
     The reagent of the present invention is preferably a nucleic acid amplification reagent. 
     In one embodiment, the reagent of the present invention preferably comprises a DNA polymerase having domain E and an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of the DNA polymerase, or a fragment thereof. The molar ratio of the antibody or a fragment thereof to the DNA polymerase may be any ratio as long as the effect of the present invention is achieved. The molar ratio is preferably about 1:1 to about 500:1. The reagent may further comprise a DNA polymerase that does not have domain E. The reagent is preferably a nucleic acid amplification reagent. 
     In one embodiment, it is preferred that the reagent of the present invention comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a DNA polymerase having domain E, a primer, a probe, and deoxyribonucleoside-5′-phosphate, and comprises an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of a DNA polymerase (preferably an antibody that binds to at least one epitope (e.g., one or two epitopes) present in any one of the amino acid regions A to D in domain E), or a fragment thereof. The reagent may further comprise, for example, a metal salt, such as manganese or magnesium, a buffering agent, and the like in order to improve the DNA polymerase activity. The reagent is preferably a nucleic acid amplification reagent. 
     When the reagent of the present invention comprises a DNA polymerase having domain E, the DNA polymerase may be, for example, those described in section 2 above. 
     When the reagent of the present invention comprises a primer, the primer may be at least two types of primers. The at least two types of primers may be oligonucleotides that are substantially complementary to a nucleic acid sequence to be amplified, and additionally, may be those that define both ends of the nucleic acid sequence to be amplified and function as a template for further synthesis when the extension product synthesized from each primer is separated from its complement. The primers for use may be any primer and may be appropriately selected or designed according to the target nucleic acid. When the target nucleic acid is assumed to be a subtype, the primers may be degenerate primers. Typically, the primers may be oligonucleotides with 12 to 60 nucleotides. The primers can be synthesized by a DNA synthesizer or isolated from a biological source. 
     When the reagent of the present invention comprises a probe, the probe may be a hybridization probe labeled with at least one labeling substance. By using such a probe, the nucleic acid amplification product can be analyzed by monitoring the fluorescent signal without using the usual electrophoresis, which reduces the labor for analysis. Furthermore, it is not necessary to open the reaction vessel, which can further reduce the risk of contamination. For example, it is also possible to identify subtypes of target nucleic acids by labeling hybridization probes with different fluorescent dyes corresponding to the subtypes of the nucleic acid sequences to be detected. Examples of hybridization probes include TaqMan hydrolysis probes (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,210,015, 5,538,848, 5,487,972, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,375 (incorporated herein by reference in their entirety)), molecular beacons (U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,801 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety)), and FRET hybridization probes (WO97/46707, WO97/46712, and WO97/46714 (incorporated herein by reference in their entirety)). 
     Instead of the probe, the reagent of the present invention may comprise a fluorescent compound binding to a double-stranded DNA. Examples of the fluorescent compound binding to a double-stranded DNA include, but are not limited to, SYBR (registered trademark) Green I, SYBR (registered trademark) Gold, SYTO-9, SYTP-13, and SYTO-82 (Life Technologies), EvaGreen (registered trademark, Biotium), LCGreen (Idaho), and LightCycler (registered trademark) 480 ResoLight (Roche Applied Science). 
     When the reagent of the present invention comprises deoxyribonucleoside-5′-phosphate, the deoxyribonucleoside-5′-phosphate is, for example, dATP, dCTP, dTTP, dGTP, or a mixture thereof. The terms, such as “dATP,” also encompass those that have been chemically modified. 
     When the reagent of the present invention is a nucleic acid amplification reagent, examples of nucleic acid amplification methods include, but are not limited to, PCR methods, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methods, transcription-reverse transcription concerted reaction (TRC) methods, and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) methods. The nucleic acid amplification method is preferably a PCR method. Among PCR methods, for example, a PCR method in which primer annealing is inhibited up to a predetermined temperature with a monoclonal antibody specific for a DNA polymerase, i.e., a hot-start PCR method, is preferable. The reagent for hot start PCR of the present invention when comprising a combination of an antibody that specifically binds to a polymerase domain of a DNA polymerase and an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of a DNA polymerase is capable of suppressing non-specific reactions more effectively. The reagent for hot start PCR of the present invention preferably comprises a primer, deoxyribonucleoside-5′-phosphate, a DNA polymerase, an antibody that specifically binds to the polymerase domain of the DNA polymerase, and an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of the DNA polymerase. When this reagent is mixed with a reagent comprising a target nucleic acid, and the resulting mixture is heated to 60° C. or higher (e.g., heated at 95° C. for 20 seconds or more) to inactivate both of the antibodies, a primer extension product can be obtained. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present invention is described below in more detail with reference to Test Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the Test Examples. 
     Test Example 1: Production of Antigen 
     When the entirety of a DNA polymerase was used as an antigen, Taq polymerase having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49 (TAP-201; Toyobo Co., Ltd.; hereinafter referred to as “whole Taq”), and Tth polymerase having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50 (TTH-301; Toyobo Co., Ltd.; hereinafter referred to as “whole Tth”) were used. The sequence identity between whole Tag and whole Tth was about 87%. 
     When domain E of a DNA polymerase was used as an antigen, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 (from the N-terminus to the 290th amino acid of whole Taq) (hereinafter referred to as “Taq exo”), and a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 (from the N-terminus to the 292nd amino acid of whole Tth) (hereinafter referred to as “Tth exo”) were expressed using  E. coli  JM109 strain and purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography for use. All of the antigens were dissolved in phosphate buffer. 
     Test Example 2: Immunization of Guinea Pig 
     Antigen preparations (each 0.8 mL) each containing 400 μg of an antigen were individually injected subcutaneously in the back (lower back) of Slc:Hartley guinea pigs (7-week-old male). The antigen preparations were obtained by mixing each of the antigen solutions obtained by dissolving the antigens in phosphate buffer in Test Example 1, with TiterMax Gold adjuvant (TiterMax) at 1:1 (liquid volume ratio) to form emulsions. After 3 weeks, booster immunization was performed by further injecting 0.8 mL of each antigen preparation containing 400 μg of antigen. After another 3 weeks, booster immunization was performed by injecting 0.4 mL of each antigen preparation containing 400 μg of antigen. The lymph node swelling of the immunized guinea pigs increased in the order of whole Tag, Taq exo, whole Tth, and Tth exo. 
     Test Example 3: Production of Fluorescent-Labeled Protein 
     The entire DNA polymerases and DNA polymerases lacking domain E were fluorescently labeled. The DNA polymerases lacking domain E were obtained by individually expressing Taq polymerase in which amino acids from the N-terminus to the 289th amino acid were deleted in SEQ ID NO: 49 (hereinafter referred to as “ΔTaq”) and Tth polymerase in which amino acids from the N-terminus to the 291st amino acid were deleted in SEQ ID NO: 50 (hereinafter referred to as “ΔTth”) using  E. coli  JM109 strain, and purifying them by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. 
     Whole Tag and whole Tth were fluorescently labeled with DyLight (trademark) 488 NHS Ester (Thermo Fisher Scientific). ΔTaq and ΔTth were fluorescently labeled with DyLight (trademark) 550 NHS Ester (Thermo Fisher Scientific). 
     Test Example 4: Isolation of Domain E-Specific Plasma Cell and Construction of Antibody Expression Vector 
     Cell suspensions were prepared from iliac lymph nodes of the guinea pigs immunized in Test Example 2, and domain E-specific plasma cells were selected using flow cytometer, by the methods described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/031528, US Patent Application Publication No. 2018/292407, and US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/029325. The selection of domain E-specific plasma cells was performed by the following five methods, using different combinations of the antigens used for immunization and the fluorescent-labeled proteins prepared in Test Example 3. 
     Method 1 
     Domain E-specific plasma cells were selected from cells immunized with whole Taq by subtraction using DyLight 488-labeled whole Taq and DyLight 550-labeled ΔTaq. Specifically, plasma cells in which fluorescence corresponding to DyLight 488 was confirmed and in which fluorescence corresponding to DyLight 550 was not confirmed were selected. 
     Method 2 
     Domain E-specific plasma cells were selected from cells immunized with Taq exo using DyLight 488-labeled whole Taq. 
     Method 3 
     Domain E-specific plasma cells were selected from cells immunized with Tth exo using DyLight 488-labeled whole Taq. 
     Method 4 
     Domain E-specific plasma cells were selected from cells immunized with whole Tth by subtraction using DyLight 488-labeled whole Tth and DyLight 550-labeled ΔTth. Specifically, plasma cells in which fluorescence corresponding to DyLight 488 was confirmed and in which fluorescence corresponding to DyLight 550 was not confirmed were selected. 
     Method 5 
     Domain E-specific plasma cells were selected from cells immunized with Tth exo using DyLight 488-labeled whole Tth. 
     The number of plasma cells selected using domain E of Tag polymerase as a target was greater in method 3 than in methods 1 and 2; in method 3, 288 plasma cells were selected. The number of plasma cells selected using domain E of Tth polymerase as a target was 192 in method 4 and 240 in method 5. 
     Antibody expression vectors were constructed using the plasma cells selected in methods 3 to 5 by the methods described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/020879, US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/023009, and US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/117609. In constructing antibody expression vectors, the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 51 and 52 were used for the guinea pig heavy and light chain constant regions, respectively. From method 3, 22 antibody expression vectors were obtained; from method 4, 9 antibody expression vectors were obtained; and from method 5, 66 antibody expression vectors were obtained. 
     When methods 3 to 5 were used, the guinea pig lymph nodes were more swollen and the number of isolated plasma cells was greater than when methods 1 and 2 were used, indicating that Tth polymerase induced a greater immune response as an antigen than Tag polymerase. This result shows that the use of Tth polymerase as an antigen enables domain E-specific plasma cells to be efficiently selected for both Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase. Further, when method 5 was used, the number of isolated plasma cells and the number of antibody expression vectors obtained were greater than when method 4 was used. This result shows that antibodies that specifically bind to domain E (anti-domain E antibodies) can be obtained more efficiently when immunization is performed with domain E alone than when immunization is performed with the entire DNA polymerase. 
     In the Test Examples below, antibodies obtained by expressing the antibody expression vectors obtained by using methods 3 to 5 were used. 
     Test Example 5: Evaluation of Binding Ability of Antibody to Domain E 
     The antibody expression vectors were introduced into 293FT cells, and culture supernatants in which antibodies were secreted were collected, by the method described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2018/292407. A commercially available hot-start antibody (TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was immobilized on an ELISA plate (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.; MS-8896F) using carbonate buffer. After the wells were washed, blocking was performed using 1×TBS (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) containing 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (globulin-free, Nacalai Tesque, Inc.). After the wells were washed, antigens (whole Taq, whole Tth) diluted with 1×TBS-T (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) were added to the wells. After the wells were washed, the culture supernatants were added to the respective wells. After the wells were washed, Goat Anti-Guinea pig IgG H&amp;L (HRP) (Abcam) was 50000-fold diluted and added. After the wells were washed, a TMB solution (TMBW-1000-01, Surmodics) was added to develop color, and the reaction was stopped by adding 1 N sulfuric acid (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.), followed by measurement of wavelengths of 450 to 620 nm with a plate reader. In this binding ability evaluation, since the DNA polymerase domain is occupied by the immobilized antibodies, the binding ability of the antibodies to domain E is evaluated. 
     Of the 22 antibodies obtained by using method 3, 20 antibodies bound to whole Taq (hit rate: 91%), and 19 antibodies bound to both whole Taq and whole Tth (hit rate: 86%). 
     Of the nine antibodies obtained by using method 4, one antibody bound to whole Tth (hit rate: 11%), and this antibody did not show binding to whole Taq. 
     Of 66 antibodies obtained by using method 5, 32 antibodies bound to whole Tth (hit rate: 48%), and 12 antibodies bound to both whole Tth and whole Taq (hit rate: 18%). 
     In the case of using method 3, the hit rate for each DNA polymerase and the hit rate for both DNA polymerases were approximately 2 to 8 times higher than in the cases of using method 4 and using method 5. This result shows that the method of selecting domain E-specific plasma cells using Tth Exo, which strongly induces immune response, as an antigen and using fluorescent-labeled whole Tag is efficient in obtaining antibodies that specifically bind to domain E of Taq polymerase. It was also found that the method of selecting domain E-specific plasma cells using Tth Exo as an antigen and using fluorescent-labeled whole Tth produces an unexpected effect in terms of obtaining antibodies that specifically bind to domain E of Tth polymerase, enabling isolation of domain E-specific antibodies with high probability. 
     Test Example 6: Degradation of Probe Due to DNA Polymerase Having Domain E 
     It was confirmed that when a PCR reaction liquid containing a DNA polymerase having domain E was exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the probe was degraded. 
     (1) Components of PCR Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     PCR mix 1 having the following composition was prepared. 
     PCR Mix 1: 
     Taq polymerase (0.05 U/μL; TAP-201; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 mM dNTPs 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as primer/probe mixtures at a 20-fold concentration. The genes amplified/detected by the primers/probes in the mixtures were IL6, CDK10, APC, MAPK8, SIVA1, RPS19, and SERPINB5. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (636543; Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for qPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (2) Reaction 
     Each primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with PCR mix 1 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare PCR reaction liquids (each 20 μL). The PCR reaction liquids were stored at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, reactions were performed in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 60 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 60 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (3) Results 
     In this reaction system, each gene was detected in FAM channel. Table 9 shows the Ct values in detecting the genes (IL6, CDK10, APC, MAPK8, SIVA1, RPS19, and SERPINB5) in HeLa cDNA and the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle in multicomponent data, obtained using real-time PCR. 
     When the PCR reaction liquids were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, there were delays of 2 or more in the Ct values for the IL6, CDK10, and SIVA1 genes compared with when they were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours, and no Ct value was calculated for the RPS19 gene (indicated by “-” in the table of the results). The reason why no Ct value was calculated for the RPS19 gene is presumably because the probe was entirely degraded, resulting in no increase in the fluorescence value corresponding to the amplification products. 
     When the PCR reaction liquids were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle for all of the seven genes were higher than when they were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours. The reason for the higher fluorescence values is presumably because the fluorescent-labeled probes underwent degradation before the start of the cycles due to exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours to release the fluorescent label, resulting in elimination of quenching by the quencher to generate fluorescence. It was thus found that all of the fluorescent-labeled probes that detect the seven genes are degraded when exposure is performed at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Gene name 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 IL6 
                 CDK10 
                 APC 
                 MAPK8 
                 SIVA1 
                 RPS19 
                 SERPINB5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ct value 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 27.6 
                 31.1 
                   
                   
                 24.8 
                 21.9 
                 30.3 
               
               
                   
                  25° C./24 h 
                 33.1 
                 34.7 
                   
                   
                 27.1 
                 — 
                 31.6 
               
               
                 Fluorescence 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 382128 
                 172415 
                 360414 
                 152963 
                 126552 
                 449992 
                 358082 
               
               
                 value 
                  25° C./24 h 
                 929396 
                 1002497 
                 677449 
                 652429 
                 743985 
                 1142201 
                 817910 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 7: Suppression of Probe Degradation by Anti-Domain E Antibody 
     It was confirmed whether an anti-domain E antibody suppresses probe degradation when a PCR reaction liquid containing a DNA polymerase having domain E and the anti-domain E antibody is exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     (1) Preparation of Anti-Domain E Antibody 
     The antibody expression vectors obtained by using the methods disclosed in Test Examples 1 to 4 were introduced into 293FT cells, and culture supernatants in which antibodies were secreted were collected, by the method described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2018/292407. The culture supernatants were passed through HiTrap Protein A HP columns (Cytiva) to adsorb the antibodies using AKTA pure 25 (Cytiva). The columns were washed with wash buffer (20 mM phosphate buffer; pH: 7.4), followed by elution with elution buffer (0.1 M citric acid-NaOH; pH: 3.5). The antibodies were concentrated using Amicon Ultra-15 (Merck), and quantified with NanoDrop One (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Clone numbers Anti-TAQ 1 to Anti-TAQ 5 are anti-domain E antibodies obtained by using method 3 of Test Example 4, and clone numbers Anti-TTH 1 to Anti-TTH 5 are anti-domain E antibodies obtained by using method 5 of Test Example 4. 
     (2) Components of PCR Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The same PCR mix 1 as that used in Test Example 6 was used. Further, the following two PCR mixes 2 and 3 were prepared and used. 
     PCR Mix 2: 
     Tth polymerase (0.05 U/μL; TTH-301; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3); 
     80 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 
     0.5 mg/mL BSA;
 
0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100;
 
0.1% (w/v) sodium cholate; and
 
0.3 mM dNTPs
 
     PCR Mix 3: 
     Tth polymerase (mutant) described in WO2018/096961 (0.05 U/μL); anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.); 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3); 
     80 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 
     0.5 mg/mL BSA;
 
0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100;
 
0.1% (w/v) sodium cholate; and
 
0.3 mM dNTPs
 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as a primer/probe mixture at a 20-fold concentration. The gene amplified/detected by the primers/probe in the mixture was RPS19. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (636543; Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for gPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (3) Reaction 
     Reaction Liquid 1 
     The primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with PCR mix 1 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare 19 μL of a mixture. As a control, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. Also as a control, 1 μL of Platinum Taq Monoclonal Antibody (10965-028; Thermo Fisher Scientific) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. For each anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 0.8 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.8 μg) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     Reaction Liquid 2 
     The primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with PCR mix 2 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare 19 μL of a mixture. As a control, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For each anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 1.2 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 1.2 μg) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     Reaction Liquid 3 
     The primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with PCR mix 3 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare 19 μL of a mixture. As a control, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For each anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 1.2 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 1.2 μg) was added to the mixture, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     Reaction 
     Reactions were performed using reaction liquids 1 to 3 in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 60 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 60 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (4) Results 
     Tables 10, 11, and 12 show the Ct values in detecting the RPS19 gene and the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle in multicomponent data, in the cases of using reaction liquids 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Table 13 shows the sequences of heavy chain (H chain) complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1 to 3 and light chain (L chain) complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1 to 3 of Anti-TAQ 1 to Anti-TAQ 5 and Anti-TTH 1 to Anti-TTH 5, and the sequences adjacent to the C-terminus of the L chain CDR2. 
     When reaction liquid 1 containing Tris-HCl was exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, there was a delay of about 5 to 6 in the Ct value for the RPS19 gene, compared with when it was exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours, indicating that the detection sensitivity was reduced about 2 5 - to 2 6 -fold. In contrast, when reaction liquids 1 to which each anti-domain E antibody was individually added were used, the Ct values were all below 30. Furthermore, all of the anti-domain E antibody clones satisfied probe degradation suppression indexes (a) to (c): 
     (a) Ct value ratio [Ct value measured after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours (corresponding to before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours)/Ct value measured after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours]≥0.8
 
(b) fluorescence intensity ratio [fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles measured after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours (corresponding to before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours)/fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles measured after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours]≥0.3
 
(c) probe degradation rate [(F 33 −F 31 )/(F 32 −F 31 )×100]≤40%
 
F 31 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles measured after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours (corresponding to before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours) in the absence of an anti-domain E antibody
 
F 32 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles measured after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours in the absence of the anti-domain E antibody
 
F 33 : fluorescence intensity at the initial stage of the cycles measured after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours in the presence of the anti-domain E antibody
 
     It was thus found that all of the anti-domain E antibody clones have a probe degradation suppression effect. 
     When reaction liquid 2 containing Tris-HCl was exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the RPS19 gene could not be detected. In contrast, the RPS19 gene was detected in all of the cases of using reaction liquids 2 to which each anti-domain E antibody was individually added. It was also found that all of the anti-domain E antibody clones satisfy probe degradation suppression indexes (a) to (c) and have a probe degradation suppression effect. Anti-TTH 2 and Anti-TTH 3 were found to exhibit the effect in even reaction liquid 1, which contains Taq. 
     When reaction liquid 3 containing Tris-HCl was exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the RPS19 gene could not be detected. In contrast, the RPS19 gene was detected in all of the cases of using reaction liquids 3 to which each anti-domain E antibody was individually added. It was found that all of the anti-domain E antibody clones satisfy probe degradation suppression indexes (a) to (c) and have a probe degradation suppression effect. In reaction liquids 3, the probe degradation suppression index (b) was greatly above 1, and the probe degradation suppression index (c) was greatly above 100%, when each anti-domain E antibody was individually added. This is presumably because during the preparation of the control reagent or during setting in the real-time PCR device, the reaction liquid reached room temperature, and the fluorescent-labeled probe was degraded. Accordingly, these antibodies can suppress the degradation of probes in reaction liquids not only during long-term storage of the reaction liquids, but also during the preparation of common nucleic acid amplification reagents. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Control 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 25° C./24 h 
                 Platinum Taq Antibody 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ct value 
                 24.9 
                 30.5 
                 38.4 
               
               
                 Fluorescence value 
                 118525 
                 893963 
                 1055881 
               
               
                 (a) Ratio of Ct values 
                 — 
                 0.79 
                 0.71 
               
               
                 before and after storage 
               
               
                 (b) Ratio of fluorescence 
                 — 
                 0.12 
                 0.11 
               
               
                 intensities before and 
               
               
                 after storage 
               
               
                 (c) Probe degradation 
                 0 
                 100 
                 111 
               
               
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Clone No. 
                 Anti-TAQ1 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 Anti-TAQ3 
                 Anti-TAQ4 
                 Anti-TAQ5 
                 Anti-TTH2 
                 Anti-TTH3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ct value 
                 26.5 
                 24.5 
                 24.4 
                 24.1 
                 24.5 
                 25.1 
                 27.8 
               
               
                 Fluorescence value 
                 310124 
                 374937 
                 274781 
                 330541 
                 380719 
                 399935 
                 315014 
               
               
                 (a) Ratio of Ct values 
                 0.94 
                 1.01 
                 1.02 
                 1.03 
                 1.01 
                 0.99 
                 0.89 
               
               
                 before and after storage 
               
               
                 (b) Ratio of fluorescence 
                 0.39 
                 0.32 
                 0.44 
                 0.37 
                 0.32 
                 0.30 
                 0.38 
               
               
                 intensities before and 
               
               
                 after storage 
               
               
                 (c) Probe degradation 
                 22 
                 30 
                 18 
                 25 
                 30 
                 33 
                 23 
               
               
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Control 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 25° C./24 h 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ct value 
                 29.4 
                 n.d. 
               
               
                   
                 Fluorescence value 
                 382968 
                 1085575 
               
               
                   
                 (a) Ratio of Ct values 
                 — 
                 0.73 
               
               
                   
                 before and after storage 
               
               
                   
                 (b) Ratio of fluorescence 
                 — 
                 0.28 
               
               
                   
                 intensities before and 
               
               
                   
                 after storage 
               
               
                   
                 (c) Probe degradation 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Clone No. 
                 Anti-TTH1 
                 Anti-TTH2 
                 Anti-TTH4 
                 Anti-TTH5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ct value 
                 29.3 
                 30.2 
                 29.5 
                 29.5 
               
               
                 Fluorescence value 
                 383319 
                 399576 
                 448323 
                 333866 
               
               
                 (a) Ratio of Ct values 
                 0.99 
                 0.96 
                 0.98 
                 0.98 
               
               
                 before and after 
               
               
                 storage 
               
               
                 (b) Ratio of fluorescence 
                 0.76 
                 0.73 
                 0.65 
                 0.87 
               
               
                 intensities before and 
               
               
                 after storage 
               
               
                 (c) Probe degradation 
                 14 
                 18 
                 14 
                 6 
               
               
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Control 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 25° C./24 h 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ct value 
                 23.3 
                 n.d. 
               
               
                   
                 Fluorescence value 
                 266199 
                 1104373 
               
               
                   
                 (a) Ratio of Ct values 
                 — 
                 0.58 
               
               
                   
                 before and after storage 
               
               
                   
                 (b) Ratio of fluorescence 
                 — 
                 0.24 
               
               
                   
                 intensities before and 
               
               
                   
                 after storage 
               
               
                   
                 (c) Probe degradation 
                 0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Clone No. 
                 Anti-TTH1 
                 Anti-TTH2 
                 Anti-TTH4 
                 Anti-TTH5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ct value 
                 23.8 
                 25.8 
                 23.8 
                 29.0 
               
               
                 Fluorescence value 
                 201522 
                 196316 
                 202495 
                 213829 
               
               
                 (a) Ratio of Ct values 
                 0.98 
                 0.90 
                 0.98 
                 0.80 
               
               
                 before and after storage 
               
               
                 (b) Ratio of fluorescence 
                 1.29 
                 1.48 
                 1.44 
                 1.36 
               
               
                 intensities before and 
               
               
                 after storage 
               
               
                 (c) Probe degradation 
                 −7 
                 −8 
                 −7 
                 −6 
               
               
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Light chain (L chain) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Sequences 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 adjacent to 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 the C- 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Clone  
                 Heavy chain (H chain) 
                   
                   
                 terminus of 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 No. 
                 CDR1 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR3 
                 CDR1 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR2 
                 CDR3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFDDYG 
                 ISLSGGSS 
                 VRRRTGVPTTGFDV 
                 QSISNY 
                 YIN 
                 SLAS 
                 LQSYIPL 
               
               
                 TAQ1 
                 (A-1-2, 
                 (B-1-2, 
                 (C-1-2, 
                 (D-1-2, 
                 (E-1-4) 
                 (E-2-3 
                 (F-1-2 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 4) 
                 NO: 12) 
                 NO: 21) 
                 NO: 29) 
                   
                 NO: 36) 
                 NO: 42) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFSNYY 
                 ISNTGGST 
                 VRAPIGVAYFDV 
                 QSVKNY 
                 YTD 
                 SLPS 
                 QQYQSWPY 
               
               
                 TAQ2 
                 (A-1-3, 
                 (B-1-3, 
                 (C-2-2, 
                 (D-1-3, 
                 (E-1-5) 
                 (E-2-4, 
                 (F-1-3, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 5) 
                 NO: 13) 
                 NO: 22) 
                 NO: 30) 
                   
                 NO: 37) 
                 NO: 43) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFNNYY 
                 ISNTGGTT 
                 VRAPIGLAYFDT 
                 QSVKSY 
                 YAD 
                 SLAS 
                 QQYQSWPY 
               
               
                 TAQ3 
                 (A-1-4, 
                 (B-1-4, 
                 (C-2-3, 
                 (D-1-4, 
                 (E-1-6) 
                 (E-2-2, 
                 (F-1-3, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 6) 
                 NO: 14) 
                 NO:23) 
                 NO: 31) 
                   
                 NO: 36) 
                 NO: 43) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFSSYY 
                 ISNSGSST 
                 VRAPIGVAYFDV 
                 QSVKSY 
                 YAN 
                 SEAS 
                 QQYQSWPH 
               
               
                 TAQ4 
                 A-1-5, 
                 (B-1-5, 
                 (C-2-2, 
                 (D-1-4, 
                 (E-1-7) 
                 (E-2-3, 
                 (F-1-4, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 7 
                 NO: 15) 
                 NO: 22) 
                 NO: 31) 
                   
                 NO: 36) 
                 NO: 44) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ant- 
                 GFTFSNYY 
                 ISNTGGST 
                 VRAPIGVAYFDV 
                 QSVKSY 
                 YAN 
                 SEAS 
                 QQYQSWPY 
               
               
                 TAQ5 
                 (A-1-3, 
                 (B-1-3, 
                 (C-2-2, 
                 (D-1-4, 
                 (E-1-7) 
                 (E-2-3, 
                 (F-1-3, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 5) 
                 NO: 13) 
                 NO: 22) 
                 NO: 31) 
                   
                 NO: 36) 
                 NO: 43) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFSKWY 
                 ITYHSDDM 
                 ATSDDYYALNI 
                 QSVSKY 
                 DAS 
                 RRAT 
                 YQYNSGWT 
               
               
                 TTH1 
                 (A-1-6, 
                 (B-1-6, 
                 (C-4, 
                 (D-1-5, 
                 (E-1-8) 
                 (E-2-5, 
                 (F-1-5, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 8) 
                 NO: 16) 
                 NO: 26) 
                 NO: 32) 
                   
                 NO: 38) 
                 NO: 45) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFSHYY 
                 ISGGGSYI 
                 ARDGALGLAVNWFDN 
                 QGISSY 
                 GVK 
                 NLYS 
                 QQYGSSPPT 
               
               
                 TTH2 
                 (A-1-7, 
                 (B-1-7, 
                 (C-3-2, 
                 (D-1-6, 
                 (E-1-9) 
                 (E-2-6, 
                 (F-2-2, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 9) 
                 NO: 17) 
                 NO: 24) 
                 NO: 33) 
                   
                 NO: 39) 
                 NO: 46) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 GFTFSNYW 
                 IKGDSSTI 
                 TTAYYSRYSYYMFDV 
                 QGISSY 
                 RAK 
                 YLYS 
                 QQYGNSPPT 
               
               
                 TTH3 
                 (A-1-8, 
                 (B-1-8, 
                 (C-5-2, 
                 (D-1-6, 
                 (E-1-10) 
                 (E-2-7, 
                 (F-2-3, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 10) 
                 NO: 18) 
                 NO: 27) 
                 NO: 33) 
                   
                 NO: 40) 
                 NO: 47) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ati- 
                 GFTFSNYY 
                 IGGHGTHV 
                 VRDGALGLAVNWNFDN 
                 QGISNY 
                 GAK 
                 NLYS 
                 QQYGSSPPT 
               
               
                 TTH4 
                 (A-1-3, 
                 (B-1-9, 
                 (C-3-3, 
                 (D-1-7, 
                 (E-1-11) 
                 (E-2-6, 
                 (F-2-2, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 5) 
                 NO: 19) 
                 NO: 25) 
                 NO: 34) 
                   
                 NO: 39) 
                 NO: 46) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ati- 
                 GFTFSSYG 
                 INTDGGTT 
                 TTALRDV 
                 QGVSSF 
                 TAS 
                 TRAT 
                 FQYYSGSPT 
               
               
                 TH5 
                 (A-1-9 
                 (B-1-10, 
                 (C-6-2, 
                 (D-1-3 
                 (E-1-12) 
                 (E-2-8, 
                 (F-2-4, 
               
               
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
                   
                 SEQ ID 
                 SEQ ID 
               
               
                   
                 NO: 11) 
                 NO: 20) 
                 NO: 28) 
                 NO: 25) 
                   
                 NO: 41) 
                 NO: 48) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 8: Effect of Exposure Time of PCR Reaction Liquid at 25° C. 
     The probe degradation suppression effect of anti-domain E antibodies was confirmed by varying the exposure time of PCR reaction liquids at 25° C. 
     (1) Components of PCR Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The same PCR mix 1 as that used in Test Example 6 was used. 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as primer/probe mixtures at a 20-fold concentration. The genes amplified/detected by the primers/probes in the mixtures were IL6, CDK10, and RPS19. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (636543; Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for qPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (2) Reaction 
     Reaction Liquid 
     Each primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with PCR mix 1 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare mixtures (each 19 μL). As controls, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to each mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For each anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.1 μg) was added to each mixture, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, reactions were performed in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 60 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 60 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (3) Results 
     Table 14 shows the Ct values in detecting the genes (IL6, CDK10, and RPS19). When the reaction liquids containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the three genes were undetectable. In contrast, when the reaction liquids to which 0.1 jig of each anti-domain E antibody was individually added were used, no delay in the Ct values was observed, and all of the genes were detectable. Moreover, no delay in the CT values was observed even when the reaction liquids were exposed at 25° C. for 72 hours. Furthermore, no increase in the fluorescence values was observed, indicating that the addition of the anti-domain E antibodies suppressed probe degradation. It was thus confirmed that the use of the antibodies allows storage of PCR reaction liquids even under conditions of 25° C. for 72 hours. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Clone No. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 Anti-TAQ1 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 Anti-TAQ5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Steals 
                 −20 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 temperature 
               
               
                   
                 (° C.) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Storage 
                 24 
                 24 
                 24 
                 48 
                 72 
                 24 
                 48 
                 72 
                 24 
                 48 
                 72 
               
               
                   
                   
                 time (h) 
               
               
                 Gene 
                 IL6 
                 Ct value 
                 27.1 
                 — 
                 27.1 
                 27.2 
                 27.2 
                 27.1 
                 27.1 
                 27.1 
                 27.1 
                 27.2 
                 27.0 
               
               
                 name 
                 CDK10 
                   
                 31.2 
                 — 
                 31.0 
                 31.3 
                 31.2 
                 31.1 
                 31.2 
                 31.1 
                 31.0 
                 31.1 
                 31.3 
               
               
                   
                 RPS19 
                   
                 22.4 
                 — 
                 21.8 
                 21.4 
                 22.3 
                 21.7 
                 22.1 
                 21.7 
                 21.5 
                 21.8 
                 22.4 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 9: Suppression of Probe Degradation by Small Amount of Anti-Domain E Antibody 
     It was confirmed whether probe degradation is suppressed when a PCR reaction liquid containing 0.1 μg of an anti-domain E antibody is exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     (1) Components of Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The same PCR mix 2 as that used in Test Example 7 was used. 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as primer/probe mixtures at a 20-fold concentration. The genes amplified/detected by the primers/probes in the mixtures were IL6, CDK10, SIVA1, and RPS19. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (636543; Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for qPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (2) Reaction 
     Each primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with PCR mix 2 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare mixtures (each 15 μL). As controls. 5 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to each mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For the anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.1 μg) was added to each mixture, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     Reactions were performed using the reaction liquids in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 60 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 60 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (3) Results 
     Table 15 shows the Ct values in detecting the genes (IL6, CDK10, SIVA1, and RPS19). 
     When reaction liquids 4 containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, a delay in the Ct value was observed for each gene. In contrast, when the reaction liquids 4 to which 0.1 μg of the anti-domain E antibody was added were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, no delay in the Ct values was observed. 
     When the control reaction liquids containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, a delay in the Ct value was observed for each gene. In contrast, when the reaction liquids 5 to which 0.1 μg of the anti-domain E antibody was added were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, no delay in the Ct values was observed. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Storage 
                   
                 Amount 
                 Gene name 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 conditions 
                 Clone No. 
                 added (μg) 
                 IL6 
                 CDK10 
                 SIVA1 
                 RPS19 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 0 
                 30.0 
                 32.4 
                 25.6 
                 22.5 
               
               
                  25° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 0 
                 — 
                 — 
                 26.3 
                 29.9 
               
               
                   
                 Anti- 
                 0.1 
                 29.8 
                 32.6 
                 25.7 
                 22.3 
               
               
                   
                 TTH4 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 10. Expression of Chimeric Anti-Domain E Antibody 
     (1) Production of Antibody Expression Plasmid 
     An antibody sequence containing the CDRs of Anti-TTH4 was designed, and oligo DNA was obtained by artificial synthesis. An antibody expression plasmid having mouse-derived heavy and light chain constant regions set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 53 and 54 was produced using Mammalian PowerExpress System (trademark) (MPH-102 and MPL-202; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) according to the instruction manual provided. 
     (2) Expression of Antibody by ExpiCHO-S (Trademark) Cell 
     ExpiCHO (trademark) Expression System (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to express an antibody. The culture conditions were culture with shaking at 37° C., 5% (v/v) CO 2 , and 80 rpm. ExpiCHO-S (trademark) cells were resuscitated and cultured with shaking at a viable cell count of 2.0×10 5  cells/mL according to the instruction manual provided. Passaging continued until the viability reached 95% to prepare a culture liquid at a viable cell count of 6.0×10 6  cells/mL. 1.0 μg of the antibody expression plasmid and 80 μL of ExpiFectamine (trademark) CHO Reagent were diluted with 2 mL of OptiPRO SFM (trademark) and added to 25 mL of the culture liquid, followed by culture with shaking at 37° C., 5% (v/v) CO 2 , and 80 rpm. After 24 hours, 150 μL of ExpiCHO (trademark) Enhancer and 6 mL of ExpiCHO (trademark) Feed were added, and the culture with shaking was continued at 37° C., 5% (v/v) CO 2 , and 80 rpm until the viability became 50%. 
     (3) Purification of Antibody with Protein a Column 
     A culture supernatant of the ExpiCHO-S (trademark) cells was collected by centrifugation. The culture supernatant was passed through a HiTrap Protein A HP column (Cytiva) to adsorb the antibody using AKTA pure 25 (Cytiva). The column was washed with wash buffer (20 mM phosphate buffer; pH: 7.4), followed by elution with elution buffer (0.1 M citric acid-NaOH; pH: 3.5). The antibody was concentrated with Amicon Ultra-15 (Merck) and quantified with NanoDrop One (Thermo Fisher Scientific). 
     In the Test Examples below, chimeric anti-domain E antibodies having mouse-derived constant regions obtained by the above method were used. 
     Test Example 11: Suppression of Probe Degradation by Chimeric Anti-Domain E Antibody 
     It was confirmed whether a chimeric anti-domain E antibody suppresses probe degradation when a PCR reaction liquid containing the chimeric anti-domain E antibody is exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     (1) Components of Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The same PCR mix 1 as that used in Test Example 6 and the same PCR mix 2 as that used in Test Example 7 were used. 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as a primer/probe mixture at a 20-fold concentration. The gene amplified/detected by the primers/probe in the mixture was RPS19. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (636543, Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for qPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (2) Reaction 
     Reaction Liquids 4 and 5 
     The primer/probe set was mixed with each of PCR mixes 1 and 2 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare mixtures (each 18 μL) (corresponding to reaction liquids 4 and 5, respectively). The nucleic acid template quantified with NanoDrop™ One (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was diluted to 100, 10, 1, or 0.1 ng/μL, and 1 μL thereof (amount brought in: 100, 10, 1, or 0.1 ng) was added to each mixture. As controls, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to each mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For each chimeric anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.1 μg) was added to the mixtures, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, reactions were performed in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 60 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 60 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (3) Results 
     Tables 16 and 17 show the results of reaction liquids 4 and 5, respectively. These tables show the Ct values in detecting the RPS19 gene and the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle in multicomponent data. 
     When reaction liquids 4 and 5 containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the RPS19 gene could not be detected. In contrast, when reaction liquids 4 and 5 to which the chimeric anti-domain E antibodies were added were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the RPS19 gene in 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 ng of HeLa cDNA was detectable with Ct values equivalent to those when exposure was performed at −20° C. for 24 hours. The probe degradation rate estimated by the same method as in (c) of Test Example 7 was 4.4% for Anti-TAQ2 and 3.3% for Anti-TTH4. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Ct value 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Clone No. 
                 — 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Storage 
                 −20 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 temperature (° C.) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Storage time (h) 
                 24 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Hela cDNA 
                 100 
                 27.0 
                 — 
                 27.5 
               
               
                 amount (ng) 
                 10 
                 30.4 
                 — 
                 30.7 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 33.9 
                 — 
                 34.2 
               
               
                   
                 0.1 
                 37.0 
                 — 
                 38.2 
               
               
                   
                 0 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Slope 
                 −3.33 
                 — 
                 −3.57 
               
               
                   
                 Intercept 
                 33.7 
                 — 
                 34.4 
               
               
                   
                 Coefficient of 
                 1.00 
                 — 
                 1.00 
               
               
                   
                 determination R2 
               
               
                   
                 PCR efficiency 
                 1.00 
                 — 
                 0.91 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 (c) Probe 
               
               
                 Storage 
                   
                   
                 Fluorescence value 
                 degradation rate 
               
               
                 temperature (° C.) 
                 Storage time (h) 
                 Clone No. 
                 average of N = 5 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 −20 
                 24 
                 — 
                 310056 
                 0 
               
               
                  25 
                   
                   
                 1256755  
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 351392 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
                 Ct value 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Clone No. 
                 — 
                 Anti-TTH4 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Storage 
                 −20 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 temperature (° C.) 
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Storage time (h) 
                 24 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Hela cDNA 
                 100 
                  27.5 
                 — 
                  27.5 
               
               
                 amount (ng) 
                  10 
                  30.9 
                 — 
                  30.9 
               
               
                   
                  1 
                  34.5 
                 — 
                  34.4 
               
               
                   
                  0.1 
                  38.3 
                 — 
                  38.4 
               
               
                   
                  0 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Slope 
                  −3.62 
                 — 
                  −3.61 
               
               
                   
                 Intercept 
                  34.6 
                 — 
                  34.6 
               
               
                   
                 R2 
                  1.00 
                 — 
                  1.00 
               
               
                   
                 PCR efficiency 
                  0.89 
                 — 
                  0.89 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Storage 
                   
                   
                 Fluorescence  
                 (c) Probe 
               
               
                 temperature  
                 Storage 
                   
                 value average  
                 degradation  
               
               
                 (° C.) 
                 time (h) 
                 Clone No. 
                 of N = 5 
                 rate % 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 −20 
                  24 
                 — 
                  218112 
                  0 
               
               
                  25 
                   
                   
                 1159119 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Anti-TTH4 
                  243930 
                  33 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 12: Suppression of Probe Degradation when Tag Polymerase (Mutant) or Z05 Polymerase is Present with Anti-Domain E Antibody 
     It was confirmed whether an anti-domain E antibody suppresses probe degradation when a PCR reaction liquid containing the anti-domain E antibody and Taq polymerase (mutant) or Z05 polymerase is exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     (1) Components of Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The following three PCR mixes 4 to 6 were prepared and used. 
     PCR Mix 4: 
     QuantiNova Probe RT-PCR Kit (QIAGEN; 208352) containing Taq polymerase (mutant) 
     PCR Mix 5: 
     TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific; 4444556) containing Taq polymerase (mutant) 
     PCR Mix 6: 
     Z05 polymerase (0.05 U/μL; Roche Diagnostics; HawkZ05; SEQ ID NO: 55);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/4l; TCP-101; Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3); 
     80 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 
     0.5 mg/mL BSA;
 
0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100;
 
0.1% (w/v) sodium cholate; and
 
0.3 mM dNTPs
 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as a primer/probe mixture at a 20-fold concentration. The gene amplified/detected by the primers/probe in the mixture was RPS19. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (636543; Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for qPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (2) Reaction 
     Reaction Liquids 6 to 8 
     The primer/probe set and the nucleic acid template were each mixed with each of PCR mixes 4 to 6 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare mixtures (each 19 μL) (corresponding to reaction liquids 6 to 8, respectively). As controls, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to each mixture, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For each anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.1 jig) was added to the mixtures, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, reactions were performed in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. 
     Temperature Cycle for Reaction Liquid 6 Containing PCR Mix 4 
     step 1: 95° C. 2 min
 
step 2: 95° C. 5 sec-60° C. 24 sec, 50 cycles (PCR)
 
     Temperature Cycle for Reaction Liquid 7 Containing PCR Mix 5 
     step 1: 95° C. 20 sec
 
step 2: 95° C. 3 sec-60° C. 30 sec, 50 cycles (PCR)
 
     Temperature Cycle for Reaction Liquid 8 Containing PCR Mix 6 
     step 1: 95° C. 60 sec
 
step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 45 sec, 50 cycles (PCR)
 
     (3) Results 
     Tables 18 and 19 show the Ct values in detecting the RPS19 gene and the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle in multicomponent data. 
     When reaction liquids 8 to 10 containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, there was a delay in the Ct value at which the RPS19 gene could be detected, or the gene was undetectable. In contrast, when reaction liquids 8 to 10 to which the anti-domain E antibodies were added were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the gene was detectable with Ct values equivalent to those when exposure was performed at −20° C. for 24 hours. These results reveal that the anti-domain E antibody significantly improves the stability of PCR reaction liquids containing a Taq mutant. It was also found that the anti-domain E antibody significantly improves the stability of PCR reaction liquids containing Z05 polymerase. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 18 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Product name 
                 QuantiNova RT-PCR Probe Kit 
                 TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Storage temperature (° C.) 
                 −20 
                 25 
                 −20 
                 25 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Storage time (h) 
                 24 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Clone No. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
               
               
                 Ct value 
                   25.0 
                 — 
                 25.0 
                   25.1 
                 28.9 
                 24.8 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 19 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Product name 
                 Hawk Z05 DNA Polymerase 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Storage temperature (° C.) 
                 −20 
                 25 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Storage time (h) 
                 24 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Clone No. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 Anti-TTH4 
               
               
                   
                 Ct value 
                   26.9 
                 — 
                 27.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 13: Inhibition Ability of Anti-Domain B Antibody for 5′ to 3′ Exonuclease Activity 
     The inhibition ability of obtained anti-domain E antibodies for 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase or Tth polymerase was confirmed. 
     (1) Reaction 
     Reaction Liquid 9 
     A Taq enzyme liquid containing 1 unit of Taq polymerase (TAP-201; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and 0.2 μg of commercially available hot-start antibody Anti-Tag high (TCP-101; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was prepared. A mixture of the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid and 0.1 μg of Anti-TAQ2 was added to a reaction liquid (final concentration: 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ) containing substrate DNA radiolabeled with  32 P at the 5′ end (9000 cpm; counting rate: 80%) to give a liquid volume of 20 μL (sample 3). As controls, sample 1 containing neither the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid nor Anti-TAQ2 and sample 2 containing only the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid were prepared, and each sample was incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, 100 μL of 10% (w/v) TCA was added to each sample to precipitate the substrate A, and the radioactivity of free  32 P-labeled bases remaining in the supernatants was measured. 
     Reaction Liquid 10 
     A Tth enzyme liquid containing 1 unit of Tth polymerase (TTH-301; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and 0.6 μg of commercially available hot-start antibody Anti-Tag high (TCP-101; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was prepared. A mixture of the Tth polymerase enzyme liquid and 0.1 μg of Anti-TTH4 was added to a reaction liquid (final concentration: 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ) containing substrate DNA radiolabeled with  32 P at the 5′ end (9000 cpm; counting rate: 80%) to give a liquid volume of 20 μL (sample 3). As controls, sample 1 containing neither the Tth polymerase enzyme liquid nor Anti-TTH4 and sample 2 containing only the Tth polymerase enzyme liquid were prepared, and each sample was incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, 100 μL of 10% (w/v) TCA was added to each sample to precipitate the substrate IA, and the radioactivity of free  32 P-labeled bases remaining in the supernatants was measured. 
     Substrate DNA 
     A reaction liquid was prepared by mixing 10 μg of λDNA and 30 units of Sca I (Toyobo Co., Ltd.) according to the instruction manual and incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours. Pellets produced by phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (liquid volume ratio 25:24:1) treatment and ethanol precipitation were dissolved in 100 μL of TE buffer. To 80 μL of the solution, 5 μL of P-32 Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, [γ-32P]- (produced by PerkinElmer; NEG002), 5 μL of T4 Polynucleotide Kinase (produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.; PNK-111), and 10 μL of 10× Blunt End Kinase Buffer (produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.; included in PNK-111) were added, followed by incubation at 37° C. for 1 hour. Pellets produced by phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (liquid volume ratio 25:24:1) treatment and ethanol precipitation were dissolved in 100 μL of TE buffer. 
     (2) Results 
     Table 20 shows the results of reaction liquid 9. The percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 3 was calculated as the ability to inhibit 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity, based on the percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 1 containing neither the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid nor Anti-TAQ2, in which the substrate DNA is not degraded, taken as 100%, and the percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 2 containing only the Tag polymerase enzyme liquid, in which the substrate DNA is the most degraded, taken 0%. The ability of Anti-TAQ2 to inhibit the activity was calculated to be 91%. 
     Table 21 shows the results of reaction liquid 10. The percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 3 was calculated as the ability to inhibit 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity, based on the percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 1 containing neither the Tth polymerase enzyme liquid nor Anti-TTH4, in which the substrate DNA is not degraded, taken as 100$, and the percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 2 containing only the Tth polymerase enzyme liquid, in which the substrate DNA is the most degraded, taken as 0%. The ability of Anti-TTH4 to inhibit the activity was calculated to be 98%. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Average of 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Taq 
                 Clone No. 
                 N = 2 
               
               
                   
                 polymerase 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 (cpm) 
                 Activity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Sample 1 
                 − 
                 − 
                 1888 
                 100 
               
               
                 Sample 2 
                 + 
                 − 
                 2841 
                 0 
               
               
                 Sample 3 
                 + 
                 + 
                 1973 
                 91 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Average of 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Clone No. 
                 N = 2 
               
               
                   
                 Tth polymerase 
                 Anti-TTH4 
                 (cpm) 
                 Activity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Sample 1 
                 − 
                 − 
                 2014 
                 100 
               
               
                 Sample 2 
                 + 
                 − 
                 2916 
                 0 
               
               
                 Sample 3 
                 + 
                 + 
                 2029 
                 98 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 14: Inhibition Ability of Varying Amounts of Anti-Domain E Antibody for 5′ to 3′ Exonuclease Activity 
     The inhibition ability for 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase was confirmed by varying the amount of anti-domain E antibody obtained. 
     (1) Reaction 
     Reaction Liquid 
     A Taq polymerase enzyme liquid containing 1 unit of Tag polymerase (TAP-201; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and 0.2 μg of commercially available hot-start antibody Anti-Tag high (TCP-101; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was prepared. A mixture of the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid and 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 μg of Anti-TAQ2 was added to a reaction liquid (final concentration: 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ) containing substrate DNA radiolabeled with  32 P at the 5′ end (9000 cpm; counting rate: 80 W) to give a liquid volume of 20 μL (samples 3 to 6). As controls, sample 1 containing neither the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid nor Anti-TAQ2 and sample 2 containing only the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid were prepared, and each sample was incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, 100 μL of 10% (w/v) TCA was added to each sample to precipitate the substrate DNA, and the radioactivity of free  32 P-labeled bases remaining in the supernatants was measured. 
     Substrate DNA 
     The same substrate DNA as that used in Test Example 13 was used. 
     (2) Result 
     Table 22 shows the results. The percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in each of samples 3 to 6 was calculated as the ability to inhibit 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity, based on the percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 1 containing neither the Tag polymerase enzyme liquid nor Anti-TAQ2, in which the substrate DNA is not degraded, taken as 100%, and the percentage of the remaining substrate DNA in sample 2 containing only the Taq polymerase enzyme liquid, in which the substrate DNA is the most degraded, taken as 0%. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 22 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Amount of 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Taq 
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 Counts per 
               
               
                   
                 polymerase 
                 added (μg) 
                 minute (cpm) 
                 Activity (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Sample 1 
                 − 
                 0 
                 755 
                 100 
               
               
                 Sample 2 
                 + 
                 0 
                 1924 
                 0 
               
               
                 Sample 3 
                 + 
                 0.05 
                 762 
                 99 
               
               
                 Sample 4 
                 + 
                 0.1 
                 731 
                 102 
               
               
                 Sample 5 
                 + 
                 0.2 
                 742 
                 101 
               
               
                 Sample 6 
                 + 
                 0.4 
                 717 
                 103 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 15: Suppression of Probe Degradation Due to Tth Polymerase by Antibody that Specifically Binds to Domain E of Tag Polymerase 
     It was confirmed whether an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of Taq polymerase suppresses probe degradation due to Tth polymerase when a PCR reaction liquid containing the antibody and Tth polymerase is exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     (1) Components of PCR Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The same PCR mix 1 as that used in Test Example 6 and the same PCR mix 2 as that used in Test Example 7 were used. 
     Primer/Probe 
     TaqMan (registered trademark) Gene Expression Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as primer/probe mixtures at a 20-fold concentration. The genes amplified/detected by the primers/probes in the mixtures were IL6, CDK10, SIVA1, RPS19, and SERPINB5. 
     Nucleic Acid Template 
     cDNA produced from HeLa cell (derived from human cervical cancer) RNA was used. For RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Human HeLa Cell Total RNA (product code: 636543; Takara Bio Inc.) and SuperPrep (trademark) II Cell Lysis &amp; RT Kit for qPCR (SCQ-401; Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were used. The procedure was performed according to the instruction manual. 
     (2) Reaction 
     Each primer/probe set was mixed with PCR Mix 1 or 2 in an amount that is 1/20th of the total liquid volume to prepare mixtures (each 18 μL). The nucleic acid template quantified with NanoDrop™ One (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was diluted to 100 ng/μL, and 1 μL thereof (amount brought in: 100 ng) was added. As controls, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. For Anti-TAQ2, 4 μL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.4 μg) was added, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, reactions were performed in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 45 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 45 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (3) Result 
     Table 23 shows the Ct values in detecting the genes and the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle in multicomponent data. When the reaction liquids containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, genes could not be detected or significant delays in the Ct values were observed, i.e., the detection sensitivity was reduced. In contrast, when the reaction liquids containing Anti-TAQ2 were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the genes in HeLa cDNA were detectable with Ct values equivalent to those when the reaction liquids containing Tris-HCl were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours. Furthermore, it was confirmed that Anti-TAQ2 has an ability to suppress probe degradation for both Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase. It was thus confirmed that an antibody having neutralizing activity against both Tag and Tth can be obtained by method 3, in which Tth exo is used as an immunogen and antibodies against whole Tag are screened. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 23 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Storage 
                 Antibody 
                 Gene name 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Enzyme 
                 conditions 
                 No. 
                 IL6 
                 CDK10 
                 SIVA1 
                 RPS19 
                 SERPINB5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Taq 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 32.7 
                 37.0 
                 31.3 
                 26.7 
                 35.9 
               
               
                 polymerase 
                  25° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 42.7 
                 — 
                 38.8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 32.9 
                 37.3 
                 31.8 
                 26.6 
                 35.7 
               
               
                 Tth 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 35.3 
                 37.8 
                 30.8 
                 27.3 
                 35.9 
               
               
                 polymerase 
                  25° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 32.4 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 34.9 
                 38.4 
                 31.2 
                 27.5 
                 36.3 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 16: Inhibition Ability of Anti-Domain E Antibody for 5′ to 3′ Exonuclease Activity when Substrate DNA is Changed 
     Double-stranded substrate DNA derived from λDNA set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 56 and 57 was designed, and the inhibition ability of an anti-domain E antibody for 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase or Tth polymerase was confirmed. 
     (1) Sample Preparation 
     The following two activity measurement mixes 1 and 2 were prepared and used. 
     Activity Measurement Mix 1: 
     Taq polymerase (0.05 U/μL; TAP-201; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 μM double-stranded substrate DNA 
     Activity Measurement Mix 2: 
     Tth polymerase (0.05 U/μL; TTH-301; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 μM double-stranded substrate DNA 
     Double-Stranded Substrate DNA 
     Double-stranded substrate DNA derived from λDNA containing the oligonucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 56 and 57 was designed. The oligonucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 56 and 57 were separately synthesized, mixed in equal amounts, and used. 
     As controls, 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added to 19 μL of each activity measurement mix, followed by exposure at −20° C. or 25° C. for 24 hours. Regarding the anti-domain E antibody, 1 μL of a 0.1 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.1 μg) was added to 19 μL of activity measurement mix 1, and 1 μL of a 0.4 mg/mL solution thereof (amount brought in: 0.4 μg) was added to 19 μL of activity measurement mix 2, followed by exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, each sample was analyzed with a microchip electrophoresis system for DNA/RNA analysis (MultiNA; Shimadzu Corporation) and a DNA-500 kit (S292-27910-91; Shimadzu Corporation). 
     (2) Result 
     Table 24 shows the quantitative values of the bands when each sample was analyzed. When Tris-HCl was added to activity measurement mixes 1 and 2, and the resulting mixtures were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the quantitative values of the bands were significantly lower than those when they were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours, confirming the degradation of the double-stranded substrate DNA. In contrast, when Anti-TAQ2 was added to activity measurement mixes 1 and 2, and the resulting mixtures were exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, the quantitative values of the bands were equivalent to those when Tris-HCl was added, and the resulting mixtures were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours, and no degradation of the double-stranded substrate DNA was observed. 
     The ability to inhibit 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity was determined by calculating (d) the double-stranded substrate DNA degradation rate below. 
     (d) Double-stranded substrate DNA degradation rate (%) [(S 21 −S 23 )/(S 21 −S 22 )×100]
 
S 21 : band intensity after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours (corresponding to before exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours) without the anti-domain E antibody
 
S 22 : band intensity after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours without the anti-domain E antibody.
 
S 23 : band intensity after exposure at 25° C. for 24 hours with the anti-domain E antibody
 
     In the samples containing Anti-TAQ2 and exposed at 25° C. for 24 hours, (d) the double-stranded substrate DNA degradation rates (%) due to Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase were calculated to be ≤10%. Thus, Anti-TAQ2 was found to exhibit sufficient ability to suppress double-stranded substrate DNA degradation for both Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 24 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 (d) Double- 
               
               
                   
                 Double- 
                   
                   
                 Average of area 
                 stranded substrate 
               
               
                   
                 stranded 
                 Storage 
                   
                 values (N = 3) 
                 DNA degradation 
               
               
                 Enzyme 
                 substrate DNA 
                 conditions 
                 Antibody No. 
                 (mV · μm) 
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Taq pofymerase 
                 SEQ ID No: 56 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 401 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 and SEQ ID No: 
                  25° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 170 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 57 
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 381 
                 9 
               
               
                 Tth polymerase 
                   
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 536 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                  25° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 14 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 568 
                 −6 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 17: Suppression of Fluorescent-Labeled Double-Stranded Substrate DNA (Probe) Degradation Due to DNA Polymerase by Antibody that Specifically Binds to Domain E of Tag Polymerase 
     It was confirmed whether an antibody that specifically binds to domain E of Tag polymerase suppresses degradation of fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA due to a polymerase when a PCR reaction liquid containing the antibody and a DNA polymerase (Tag polymerase or Tth polymerase) is exposed at 37° C. for 24 hours. 
     (1) Components of Reaction Liquid 
     PCR Mix 
     The following two PCR Mixes 7 and 8 were prepared and used. 
     PCR Mix 7: 
     Tag polymerase (0.05 U/μL; TAP-201; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 μM fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA 
     PCR Mix 8: 
     Tth polymerase (0.05 U/μL; TTH-301; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
anti-polymerase antibody for hot-start PCR (0.01 μg/μl; TCP-101; produced by Toyobo Co., Ltd.);
 
     10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.6); 
     50 mM KCl; 
     1.5 mM MgCl 2 ; and 
     0.3 μM fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA 
     Fluorescent-Labeled Double-Stranded Substrate DNA 
     Fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA derived from λDNA containing the oligonucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 58 and 59 was designed (here, the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO: 58 was labeled with FAM and the 5′ end was labeled with BHQ1). The oligonucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 58 and 59 were separately synthesized, mixed in equal amounts, and used. 
     (2) Reaction 
     As controls, reaction liquids obtained by adding 1 μL of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) to 19 μL of each PCR mix were exposed at −20° C. or 37° C. for 24 hours. Reaction liquids obtained by adding 1 μL of a 0.4 mg/mL anti-domain E antibody solution (amount brought in: 0.4 μg) to 19 μL of each PCR mix were exposed at 37° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, reactions were performed in the following temperature cycles with a real-time PCR device (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System). Fluorescence readings were performed in the extension step at 60° C. for 45 seconds. 
     Temperature Cycle 
     Step 1: 95° C. 1 min 
     Step 2: 95° C. 15 sec-60° C. 45 sec, 50 cycles (PCR) 
     (3) Results 
     Table 25 shows the fluorescence values at the 10th cycle in multicomponent data. When the reaction liquids containing Tris-HCl were exposed at 37° C. for 24 hours, increases in the fluorescence values were observed compared with when they were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours. In contrast, when the reaction liquids to which Anti-TAQ2 was added were exposed at 37° C. for 24 hours, the fluorescence values were equivalent to those when the reaction liquids containing Tris-HCl were exposed at −20° C. for 24 hours, and no increase in the fluorescence values was observed in both cases of Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase. 
     Specifically, (e) the fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA degradation rate can be calculated using the following formula. 
     (e) fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA degradation rate [(F 43 −F 41 )/(F 42 −F 41 )×100)]
 
F 41 : fluorescence intensity at the 10th cycle after exposure at −20° C. for 24 hours (corresponding to before exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours) without the anti-domain E antibody
 
F 42 : fluorescence intensity at the 10th cycle after exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours without the anti-domain E antibody
 
F 43 : fluorescence intensity at the 10th cycle after exposure at 37° C. for 24 hours with the anti-domain E antibody
 
     In the samples containing Anti-TAQ2 and exposed at 37° C. for 24 hours, (e) the fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA degradation rates (%) due to Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase were calculated to both be ≤10%. Thus, Anti-TAQ2 was found to exhibit a sufficient ability to suppress fluorescent-labeled double-stranded substrate DNA degradation for both Taq polymerase and Tth polymerase. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 25 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 (e) Fluorescent- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 labeled double- 
               
               
                   
                 Double- 
                   
                   
                   
                 stranded substrate 
               
               
                   
                 stranded 
                 Storage 
                   
                 Fluorescence 
                 DNA degradation 
               
               
                 Enzyme 
                 substrate DNA 
                 conditions 
                 Antibody No. 
                 value 
                 rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Taq polymerase 
                 SEQ ID No: 58 
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 856281 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 and SEQ ID No: 
                  37° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 1027883 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 847805 
                 −5 
               
               
                 Tth polymerase 
                   
                 −20° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 861605 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                  37° C./24 h 
                 — 
                 1204385 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Anti-TAQ2 
                 854871 
                 −2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 18: Measurement of Association Rate Constant (Ka Value), Dissociation Rate Constant (Kd Value), and Equilibrium Dissociation Constant (K D  Value) of Antibody 
     The affinities of antibodies for Tth polymerase were determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The measuring device used was Biacore X100 (Cytiva). As running buffer, 0.01 M HEPES, 0.15 M NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, and 0.05% (v/v) Surfactant P20 (Cytiva) were used. 
     (1) Immobilization by Amine Coupling 
     A ligand (Tth polymerase) was immobilized on a CM5 sensor chip (Cytiva) using EDC and NHS, and blocking was performed with a 1 M ethanolamine hydrochloride solution. As a result, Tth polymerase was immobilized at a density of 200 to 500 RU on flow cells 1 to 4. 
     (2) Interaction Measurement 
     The antibodies were serially diluted in the range of 0.222 to 81 nM and added on the flow cells. The resulting sensorgrams were fitted to the bivalent analyte model of Biacore X100 evaluation software to determine the association rate constants (ka), dissociation rate constants (kd), and equilibrium dissociation constants (K)). 
     (3) Results 
     Table 24 shows the results of analysis of the interaction of Anti-TH2, Anti-TTH4, and Anti-TTH5 as anti-domain E antibodies. All of the anti-domain E antibodies showed a K D  of 10 nM or less. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 26 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Anti- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 body 
               
               
                 No. 
                 ka1(1/Ms) 
                 kd1(1/s) 
                 ka2(1/RUs) 
                 kd2(1/s) 
                 k D (nM) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Anti- 
                 4.046 × 10 5   
                 2.532 × 10 −4   
                 0.003132 
                 0.01332 
                 0.63 
               
               
                 TTH2 
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 1.545 × 10 6   
                 3.082 × 10 −4   
                 2.452 × 10 −4   
                 0.007099 
                 0.20 
               
               
                 TTH4 
               
               
                 Anti- 
                 4.546 × 10 4   
                 3.383 × 10 −4   
                 2.992 × 10 −4   
                 0.001252 
                 7.4 
               
               
                 TTH5 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test Example 19: Epitope Mapping of Antibody 
     Epitope mapping was performed using conformational epitope mapping of PEPperPRINT&#39;s PEPperMAP (trademark) Peptide Microarray contract analysis service. Of the amino acid sequence of Tag exo set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 (from the N-terminus to the 290th amino acid of whole Tag) and of the amino acid sequence of Tth exo set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 (from the N-terminus to the 292nd amino acid of whole Tth), peptides consisting of 7, 10, and 13 amino acids were synthesized on peptide arrays so that they were shifted by 1 amino acid to overlap by 6, 9, and 12 amino acids. Thereafter, detection signals indicating binding of Anti-TAQ2 and Anti-TTH4 were measured for each peptide array to identify the epitopes that interact with the antibodies. 
     Results 
     It was confirmed that Anti-TAQ2 binds to at least two regions (amino acid sequences KEDGDAVIVVF (SEQ ID NO: 61) and LERLEFGSLLHEF (SEQ ID NO: 77)) in Tag exo (SEQ ID NO: 1), and binds to at least four regions (amino acid sequences EDGYKAVFVVF (SEQ ID NO: 62), HLITPEWLW (SEQ ID NO: 66), KYGLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 67), and LRAFLERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 78)) in Tth exo (SEQ ID NO: 2). 
     It was also confirmed that Anti-TTH4 binds to at least three regions (amino acid sequences HEAYGGY (SEQ ID NO: 64), EKYGLRPDQWADY (SEQ ID NO: 68), and RAFLERLEFGSLLH (SEQ ID NO: 80)) in Tag exo (SEQ ID NO: 1), and binds to at least five regions (amino acid sequences HEAYEAY (SEQ ID NO: 65), GLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 70), ITPEWLW (SEQ ID NO: 71), LRAFLERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 78), and LEFGSLLHEF (SEQ ID NO: 82)) in Tth exo (SEQ ID NO: 2). 
     Anti-TAQ2 was an antibody that recognizes and binds to an epitope containing a sequence (EDGDAVIVVF (SEQ ID NO: 60) or EDGYKAVFVVF (SEQ ID NO: 62)) in amino acid region A that is common or similar between Taq exo and Tth exo, and an epitope containing a common sequence (LERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 75)) in amino acid region D. 
     Anti-TTH4 was an antibody that recognizes and binds to an epitope containing a sequence (HEAYGGY (SEQ ID NO: 64) or HEAYEAY (SEQ ID NO: 65)) in amino acid region B that is common or similar between Taq exo and Tth exo, an epitope containing a common sequence (EKYGLRPDQWADY (SEQ ID NO: 68), GLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 70), or ITPEWLW (SEQ ID NO: 71)) in amino acid region C, and an epitope containing a common sequence (RAFLERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 79) or LEFGSLLH (SEQ ID NO: 81)) in amino acid region D. 
     Moreover, it was found that both Anti-TAQ2 and Anti-TTH4 bind to an epitope containing a common sequence (LERLEFGSLLH (SEQ ID NO: 76)) in amino acid region D in the amino acid sequence of Tag exo, and recognize and bind to an epitope containing a common sequence (GLRPEQWVDF (SEQ ID NO: 70) or ITPEWLW (SEQ ID NO: 71)) in amino acid region C and an epitope containing a common sequence (LRAFLERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 78)) in binding region D in the amino acid sequence of Tth exo. It was also confirmed that Anti-TAQ2 and Anti-TTH4 bind to an epitope containing a common sequence (LERLEF (SEQ ID NO: 75)) in amino acid region D in Taq exo and Tth exo.