Patent Publication Number: US-11647427-B2

Title: Processing state information

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/908,622, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,510,110 issued Nov. 22, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/383,069 filed on Apr. 12, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,728,804 issued Jul. 28, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/604,566 filed on May 24, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,264,493, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/374,870 filed on Jul. 25, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,681,338, which is a 371 National Stage of International Application No. PCT/KR2013/000637 filed on Jan. 25, 2013, which claims priority to United Kingdom Patent Application No. 1201452.8 filed on Jan. 26, 2012, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     The present invention relates to processing state information. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Up to, and including, Release 10 (REL-10) of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification number TS 36.300 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall Description; Stage 2”, User Equipment (UE) reporting related to features such as Radio Link Failure (RLF) information availability, logged measurement information availability and proximity indication. It is expected that additional reporting will be introduced, for example regarding Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) interest and in-device interference, in later releases. 
     The UE repeats reporting of such information following every cell change in connected mode, in other words following every handover or connection re-establishment. Some such information, such as RLF information and logged measurement information, is contained in mobility-related messages. Other information is (expected to be) transferred by means of a separate, dedicated message. It is expected that the UE will need to provide the E-UTRAN with more and more up-to-date information. It is expected that reporting on the part of the UE will increase, particularly following a change in cell. 
     SUMMARY 
     It would be desirable to provide improvements in processing information relating to user equipment. 
     According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node, 
     the method comprising: 
     maintaining current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values; and 
     on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell; 
     transmitting a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the current value from the source radio access node; or 
     relying on the target radio access node having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     As such, unnecessary reporting of state information may be reduced. Said relying preferably comprises not transmitting a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the target radio access node has not received the current value from the source radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the current value has not been reported to the radio access network. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the current value may have been reported to the source radio access node too late for the source radio access node to have transmitted it to the target radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one trigger includes determining that the current value was reported to the source radio access node within at least one predetermined time period prior to receiving a message relating to the change in connection. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period associated with a handover command. 
     In some embodiments, the message comprises a handover command. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one trigger includes determining that the current value was reported to the source radio access node within at least one predetermined time period prior to detecting a failure in a connection to the source radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period associated with a re-establishment procedure. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period specified in a telecommunications standard. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period configured by the radio access network. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include receiving, from the target radio access node, a message comprising at least one predetermined indicator from which it can be determined whether or not the target radio access node has received the current value from the source radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined indicator comprises a version identifier indicating a version of the given state information part. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the version identifier received from the target radio access node does not correspond with a current version of the given state information part. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     including a version identifier indicating a version of the given state information part when reporting the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     including a version identifier indicating a version of the given state information part when reporting a change in the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     advancing the version identifier indicating the version of the given state information part upon transmitting the change in the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network. 
     In some embodiments, the version identifier is a common version identifier that indicates a version of both the given state information part and at least one additional state information part. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     including the common version identifier when reporting the value associated with the given state information part and/or the at least one additional state information part to the radio access network. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     including the common version identifier when reporting a change in the value associated with the given state information part and/or the at least one additional state information part to the radio access network. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     advancing the common version identifier upon transmitting a change in the value associated with the given state information part and/or the at least one additional state information part to the radio access network. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include: 
     determining that the common version identifier received from the target radio access node does not correspond with a current common version of the given state information part and the at least one additional state information part; and 
     determining that the value currently associated with the given state information part is different from the value associated with a version of the given state information part as indicated by the received common version identifier. 
     In some embodiments, the message received from the target radio access node relates to handover. 
     In some embodiments, the message received from the target radio access node relates to a connection re-establishment procedure. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associable with a version identifier that indicates a version of the given state information part and the at least one predetermined indicator includes a predetermined version identifier value. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associable with a version identifier that indicates a version of the given state information part and the at least one predetermined indicator includes the absence of a version identifier associated with the given state information part. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one trigger includes determining that the source radio access node, and/or or one more radio access nodes to which the user equipment was previously connected since the value currently associated with the given state information part was reported to the radio access network, does not support forwarding of state information relating to the user equipment. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     transmitting the value currently associated with the given state information part to the target radio access node in response to said detecting at least one predetermined trigger only if the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in the second cell. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in both the first cell and the second cell. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in the second cell and for which state information reporting is not configured in the first cell. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one trigger includes determining that the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in the second cell and for which state information reporting is not configured in the first cell. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     transmitting an additional current value associated with a further given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the additional current value from the source radio access node; and 
     relying on the target radio access node having received the additional current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     In some embodiments, at least the current value and the additional current value are included in a single message to the target radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the radio access network is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network. 
     In some embodiments, one or both of the source radio access node and the target radio access node is an evolved Node B. 
     In some embodiments, the source radio access node operates a first radio access technology and the target radio access node operates a second, different radio access technology. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving state information from a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     user equipment that is configured to maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values, 
     the method comprising, at the source radio access node; 
     receiving state information relating to the user device; and 
     transmitting at least part of the received state information to the target radio access node, 
     whereby, on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell; 
     the user equipment transmits a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the current value from the source radio access node; or 
     the user equipment relies on the target radio access node having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     As such, unnecessary reporting of state information may be reduced. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     transmitting the at least part of the received state information in a message associated with the change in connection from the source radio access node to the target radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the message comprises a handover preparation message. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     including the at least part of the received state information in an Access Stratum (AS)-context field in the handover preparation message. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     including the at least part of the received state information in an information container, the information container being a variable size string. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     receiving state information reports from the user equipment, the state information reports identifying changes to the state information relating to the user equipment. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     receiving a version identifier indicating a version of at least part of the state information when the user equipment reports a value associated with the at least part of the state information. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     receiving a version identifier indicating a version of at least part of the state information when the user equipment reports a change in the value associated with the at least part of the state information. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     receiving at least some of the received state information from a radio access node to which the user equipment was previously connected. 
     In some embodiments, at least a part of the received state information is not comprehensible by the source radio access node. 
     According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells, and 
     user equipment that is configured to maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values, 
     the method comprising, at a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node, on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell; 
     receiving a current value associated with a given state information part from the user equipment in response to the user equipment detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the current value from the source radio access node may not have been received at the target radio access node; or 
     relying on having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     As such, unnecessary reporting of state information may be reduced. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     transmitting a message comprising at least one predetermined indicator from which it can be determined whether or not the target radio access node has received the current value from the source radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined indicator comprises a version identifier indicating a version of the given state information part. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     receiving at least the version identifier from the source radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the version identifier is a common version identifier that indicates a version of both the given state information part and at least one additional state information part. 
     In some embodiments, the message received relates to handover. 
     In some embodiments, the message received relates to a connection re-establishment procedure. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associable with a version identifier that indicates a version of the given state information part and wherein the at least one predetermined indicator includes a predetermined version identifier. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associable with a version identifier that indicates a version of the given state information part and wherein the at least one predetermined indicator includes the absence of a version identifier associated with the given state information part. 
     Some embodiments comprise: 
     receiving at least some of the state information relating to the user equipment in a message associated with the change in connection from the source radio access node. 
     In some embodiments, the message comprises a handover preparation message. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node, the apparatus being configured to: 
     maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values; and 
     on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell: 
     transmit a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the current value from the source radio access node; or 
     rely on the target radio access node having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving state information from a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     user equipment that is configured to maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values, the apparatus being configured to: 
     receive state information relating to the user device; and 
     transmit at least part of the received state information to the target radio access node, 
     whereby, on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell: 
     the user equipment transmits a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the current value from the apparatus; or 
     the user equipment relies on the target radio access node having received the current value from the apparatus if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     user equipment that is configured to maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values, 
     the apparatus being associated with one or more cells, being capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node, and being configured to, on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell: 
     receive a current value associated with a given state information part from the user equipment in response to the user equipment detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the current value from the source radio access node may not have been received at the target radio access node; or 
     rely on having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node, the method comprising: 
     maintaining current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values; and 
     on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell: 
     transmitting a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the current value from the source radio access node; or 
     relying on the target radio access node having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     According to an eighth aspect of the invention, there is provided computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving state information from a source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     user equipment that is configured to maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values, 
     the method comprising, at the source radio access node: 
     receiving state information relating to the user device; and 
     transmitting at least part of the received state information to the target radio access node, 
     whereby, on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell: 
     the user equipment transmits a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the current value from the source radio access node, or 
     the user equipment relies on the target radio access node having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     According to a ninth aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system comprising a radio access network, the communications system comprising: 
     source radio access node that is associated with one or more cells; and 
     user equipment that is configured to maintain current state information relating to the user equipment, the state information comprising at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in a cell, the at least one state information part being associable with a plurality of different values, 
     the method comprising, at a target radio access node that is associated with one or more cells and that is capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node, on the basis of a change of connection of the user equipment from a first cell to a second cell: 
     receiving a current value associated with a given state information part from the user equipment in response to the user equipment detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the current value from the source radio access node may not have been received at the target radio access node; or 
     relying on having received the current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     Processing State information of the present disclosure is capable of reducing unnecessary reporting of state information. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a block schematic representation of a communications system according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  2    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  3    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  4    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment according to some embodiments; and 
         FIG.  6    is a block schematic representation of a communications system according to some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term “or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases “associated with” and “associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation, such a device may be implemented in hardware, firmware or software, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should be noted that the functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases. 
       FIGS.  1  through  6   , discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged system or device. 
     The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. In the drawings, certain elements may be exaggerated or omitted or schematically depicted for clarity of the disclosure, and the actual sizes of the elements are not reflected. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail. 
       FIG.  1    is a block schematic representation of a communications system  100  according to some embodiments. 
     The communications system  100  includes a radio access network, generally indicated in a dotted box in  FIG.  1    and designated by reference  101 . In some embodiments, the radio access network  101  comprises an E-UTRAN. At least some embodiments are intended to be applicable to release 11 (REL-11) and beyond of the E-UTRA. However, at least some embodiments may be applicable to other releases of the E-UTRA and/or other (radio access) systems. 
     The communications system  100  includes User Equipment (UE)  102 . In some embodiments, the UE  102  is a mobile telephony device. However, other types of UE  102  are envisaged. 
     The radio access network  101  includes first and second radio access nodes  103 ,  104 . The first and second radio access nodes  103 ,  104  control at least respective first and second cells  105 ,  106 . It will be appreciated that one or both of the first and second radio access nodes  103 ,  104  may control more than one cell. The first and second radio access nodes  103 ,  104  may be communicatively coupled by means of one or more interfaces  107 ,  108 ,  109 . 
     In some embodiments, the radio access nodes  103 ,  104  are evolved Node Bs (eNodeBs or eNBs). In such embodiments, the radio access nodes  103 ,  104  may be able to interact directly with each other via an X2 interface  107  and/or indirectly via respective S1 interfaces  108 ,  109  to a Core Network (CN)  110 . In some embodiments, the first radio access node  103  operates a first Radio Access Technology (RAT) and the second radio access node  104  operates a second, different RAT. 
     The UE  102  communicates with the first radio access node  103  via a first radio link  111  and communicates with the second radio access node  104  via a second radio link  112 . 
     It will be appreciated that the communications system  100  may include more than one UE  102  and the radio access network  101  may include more than two radio access nodes and associated cells. 
     In some embodiments, one of the first and second radio access nodes, in this case the first radio access node  103 , is a source radio access node  103  that is associated with a first cell  105 . The source radio access node  103  may be configured to transmit state information relating to the UE  102 . The other of the first and second radio access nodes, in this case the second radio access node  104 , is a target radio access node  104  that is associated with a second cell  106 . The target radio access node  104  is capable of receiving the state information from the source radio access node  103 . The source radio access node  103  is configured to transmit the state information to the target radio access node  104  via the at least one interface  107 ,  108 ,  109  between the source radio access node  103  and the target radio access node  104 . 
     The UE  102  is configured to maintain current state information relating to the UE  102 . 
     The state information comprises at least one state information part that is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in the first cell  105  and/or the second cell  106 . The at least one state information part is associable with a plurality of different values. The state information may be at least partly dynamic. 
     In some embodiments, the state information comprises status information relating to the UE  102 , for example relating to proximity to a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) cell, interest in MBMS services or in-device interference. In some embodiments, the state information comprises UE capability information, i.e. capability information relating to the UE  102 , which is dynamic and may change, for example support for RLF information availability and/or logged measurement information availability, UE category information, or power class (which may change for example with the device is plugged into an external power source). One or more elements of the UE capability information may reflect the data rate that the UE currently supports. The current state of this information may depend on a task the UE  102  is performing e.g. playing a game, doing navigation, etc. In such cases the UE capabilities may change, dependent on the current operational state of the UE  102 . 
     Other types of state information that the UE  102  may report to the radio access network  101  are contemplated. 
     In some cases, the connection may change from the first cell  105  to the second cell  106 . The connection may change, for example, as a result of a handover or as a result of re-establishment following a connection failure. The UE  102  may detect such a connection change, for example by receiving a handover command or by detecting the connection failure. In embodiments in which the source radio access node  103  operates a first RAT and the target radio access node  104  operates a second, different RAT, this change in connection may be referred to as an inter-RAT cell change. 
     In some embodiments, the source radio access node  103  receives state information relating to the UE  102  and transmits the received state information to the target radio access node  104 . 
     In some embodiments, the source radio access node  103  is configured to transmit at least part of the state information in a message associated with the change in connection. Thus, in some embodiments, as part of the change in connection (for example as part of handover preparation), the source radio access node  103  provides the state information to the target radio access node  104 . In some embodiments, the message associated with the change in connection comprises a handover preparation message. In some embodiments, the source radio access node  103  is configured to include the at least part of the received state information in an Access Stratum (AS)-context field in a handover preparation message. Thus, in some embodiments, the at least part of the state information may be included in the AS-context field in a HandoverPreparationInformation message. In some embodiments, the source radio access node  103  is configured to include the at least part of the state information in an information container, the information container being a variable size string. 
     In some embodiments, the source radio access node  103  receives state information reports from the UE  102 . The state information reports identify changes to the state information relating to the UE  102 . In some embodiments, the UE  102  transmits state information reports only in the event of a change to at least part of the state information. 
     Some embodiments comprise receiving at least some of the state information from a radio access node (not shown in  FIG.  1   ; see  FIGS.  3  to  5   ) to which the UE  102  was previously connected. 
     In some cases, the state information received from the previous radio access node is not comprehensible by the source radio access node  103 , for example because the source radio access node  103  and the previous radio access node may support different specification releases and/or functionality. By implementing backwards compatibility in protocols, the radio access nodes may still be able to cooperate for the functionality supported by both radio access nodes. Whenever the protocols evolve, extension fields may be introduced for newly added functionality. 
     Backwards compatibility may be provided by configuring radio access nodes that do not support such newly added functionality and/or do not comprehend the associated extension fields or parameters to ignore the extensions or parameters, as the case may be. Nodes that support transparent transfer or forwarding may be able to identify the end of the state information, for example based on the size of the container in which the state information is included, without having to comprehend the details of the statue information (which is otherwise needed when using packed encoding rules (PER)). 
     In some cases, it may not seem beneficial or even desirable, to introduce ‘transparent forwarding’ of state information from a previous radio access node to the source radio access node  103  when the state information is not comprehensible by the source radio access node  103  since such transparent forwarding would allow forwarding of state information to nodes that do not comprehend the state information. 
     While connected to such nodes, the UE  102  cannot provide state information reports and, hence, the forwarded state information might be outdated when it reaches the next radio access node. In such cases, the transfer of state information transparently may only serve to increase overall signaling in the radio access network  101 , which is generally undesirable. 
     However, in some cases, transparent forwarding may be desirable. For example, it may typically be more difficult to upgrade femto radio access nodes than it is to upgrade macro radio access nodes. Consequently, it is quite possible that a femto radio access node would conform to an earlier (older) specification release than a macro radio access node. If the UE  102  operates on a frequency in which femto radio access nodes are deployed, the UE  102  may regularly connect to a radio access node that uses an old release that may not support state information reporting. 
     Since femto cells are relatively small, the stay by the UE  102  in such cells may be rather short. Thus, it is quite possible that after passing through a femto cell, the UE  102  status is still valid. In such cases, it may be desirable to provide support for transparent forwarding of the state information by nodes that support transparent transfer but that may not support state information reporting in relation to features for which state information reporting is added in later releases. 
     As explained above, is generally desirable that unnecessary state information reporting by the UE  102  be minimized. As such, the UE  102  is configured to transmit a current value associated with a given state information part to the target radio access node  104  in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node  104  may not have received the current value from the source radio access node  103 . The UE  102  relies on the target radio access node  104  having received the current value from the source radio access node  103  if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. Thus, in some embodiments, the at least one predetermined trigger acts as an indicator that the target radio access node  104  may not have received, is unlikely to have received, or has not received, the current value from the source radio access node  103 . In such cases, the UE  102  can report the current value to the target radio access node  104  so that the target radio access node  104  has up-to-date state information relating to the UE. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the target radio access node  104  has not received the current value from the source radio access node  103 . In such embodiments, the UE  102  reports the current value to the target radio access node  104  so that the target radio access node  104  has up-to-date state information relating to the UE  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the current value has not been reported to the radio access network  101 . In such embodiments, the UE  102  may determine that the target radio access node  104  has not received the current value, since the current value has not been reported. In response to detecting such a trigger, the UE  102  reports the current value to the target radio access node  104  so that the target radio access node  104  has up-to-date state information relating to the UE  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the current value may have been reported to the source radio access node  103  too late for the source radio access node  103  to have transmitted it to the target radio access node  104 . It is possible that the value associated with the given state information part and/or other state information relating to the UE  102  changes after the source radio access node  103  has provided the latest state information it has relating to the UE  102  to the target radio access node  104 . This situation is generally referred to herein as a “late change”. 
     In such a situation, the UE  102  may be configured to report the updated state information immediately following a cell change. Thus, in some embodiments, in the event that the state information has changed after the source radio access node  103  provided the state information relating to the target radio access node  104  (a late change), the UE  102  provides (again) the updated state information to the target radio access node  104 , possibly immediately, following a handover or other change in connection. 
     However, the UE  102  may not know when exactly the source radio access node  103  provided the latest state information it had relating to the UE  102  to the target radio access node  104 . Accordingly, various mechanisms are provided by means of which the UE  102  can detect whether a late change occurred. Two such mechanisms are discussed below: a timer-based scheme and a scheme in which version information is exchanged between the UE  102  and the radio access network  101 . Other suitable mechanisms may, however, be used. 
     For UEs  102  in connected mode, the radio access network  101  typically initiates a cell change in response to a measurement report from the UE  102  indicating that the current serving cell is not optimal from a radio perspective. It is, however, also possible for the radio access network  101  to initiate a cell change for other reasons, for example the cell load. In such cases, handover may not be preceded by a measurement report. This is often referred to as a ‘blind handover’. In such cases, the UE  102  cannot use the measurement report message as a rough indication of the time at which the source radio access node  103  is likely to have initiated handover preparation and have provided the latest state information it had relating to the UE  102  to the target radio access node  104 . As such, the UE  102  may employ a timer to detect the occurrence of a late change. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the current value was reported to the source radio access node  103  within at least one predetermined time period prior to receiving a message relating to the change in connection. In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the current value was reported to the source radio access node  103  within at least one predetermined time period prior to detecting a failure in a connection to the source radio access node. Thus, in some embodiments, in the event that the state information has changed within a certain time period before the UE  102  receives the handover command or detects a failure with respect to the source radio access node  103 , the UE  102  provides the updated state information to the target radio access node  104 , possibly immediately, following handover or re-establishment as the case may be. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period specified in a telecommunications standard, for example in one or more releases of 3GPP specification number TS 36.300. In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period configured by the radio access network  101 . Thus, in some embodiments, the time period during which a change in state information would trigger the UE  102  to provide an update may either by fixed (for example a value specified in the standard) or may be configured by the radio access network  101 . 
     In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period associated with a handover message. In some embodiments, the at least one predetermined time period includes a time period associated with a connection re-establishment procedure. Thus, in some embodiments, for handover and re-establishment, different time periods, during which a change in state information would trigger the UE  102  to provide an update, may be used. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include receiving, from the target radio access node  104 , a message comprising at least one predetermined indicator from which it can be determined whether or not the target radio access node  104  has received the current value from the source radio access node  103 . In such embodiments, the UE  102  can use the at least one predetermined indicator to determine whether or not the target radio access node  104  has received the current value from the source radio access node  103 . 
     Another mechanism for the detection of late changes of UE state information upon handover or other changes in connection is for the UE  102  to provide a version identifier when reporting the state information. Thus, in some embodiments, the at least one predetermined indicator comprises a version identifier indicating a version of at least the given state information part. 
     In some such embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the version identifier received from the target radio access node  104  does not correspond with a current version of the given state information part. Thus, in some embodiments, the UE  102  may use the version identifier received in the message from the target radio access node  104  to determine whether the target radio access node  104  has outdated state information relating to the UE  102 . If the version identifier received in the message does not correspond to the current version of the state information, the UE  102  provides the updated state information following the change in connection. 
     Some embodiments comprise including a version identifier indicating a version of the given state information part when reporting the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network  101 . Some embodiments comprise including a version identifier indicating a version of the given state information part when reporting a change in the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network  101 . 
     Some such embodiments comprise advancing the version identifier indicating the version of the given state information part upon transmitting the change in the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network  101 . Some such embodiments comprise advancing the version identifier indicating the version of the given state information part upon reporting the change in the value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network  101 . 
     Thus, in some embodiments, whenever the UE  102  provides state information, it includes a version identifier. In some cases, the UE  102  steps the version identifier whenever it transfers state information that is different from state information that was previously transmitted to the radio access network  101 . The UE  102  may consider the state information to have been transferred successfully if one or more appropriate acknowledgements is received at lower layers. 
     In certain cases, the UE  102  steps the version identifier whenever it transmits state information that is different from state information that was previously transmitted, regardless of whether the transmitted state information was known to be received successfully by the radio access network  101 , since an acknowledgement might not be received even though the radio access network  101  had successfully received the state information. 
     For state information parts whose associated values changes frequently, late changes are not unlikely. A separate version identifier may be applied to such state information parts. In other cases in which late changes are unlikely, it may be sufficient to use one, common version identifier to cover some or all state information parts collectively. Thus, in some embodiments, the version identifier is a common version identifier that indicates a version of both the given state information part and at least one additional state information part. Thus, in some embodiments, a single version identifier (referred to herein as a “common version identifier”) may be used to cover a plurality of separate state information parts. 
     Some such embodiments comprise including the common version identifier when reporting the value associated with the given state information part and/or the at least one additional state information part to the radio access network  101 . Some such embodiments comprise including the common version identifier when reporting a change in the value associated with the given state information part and/or the at least one additional state information part to the radio access network  101 . 
     Some such embodiments comprise advancing the common version identifier upon transmitting the change in the value associated with the given state information part and/or the at least one additional state information part to the radio access network  101 . 
     Thus, in some embodiments, when using a common version identifier, the UE  102  steps the version identifier whenever it transfers a state information part that has a value that is different from the value associated with the state information part that was previously transmitted. 
     In some such embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include: determining that the common version identifier received from the target radio access node  104  does not correspond with a current common version of the given state information part and the at least one additional state information part; and determining that the value currently associated with the given state information part is different from the value associated with a version of the given state information part as indicated by the received common version identifier. 
     Thus, in some embodiments, in the event that the common version identifier received in the message from the target radio access node  104  does not correspond with the version of the state information that the UE  102  has, the UE  102  provides updated state information including at least the values of the state information parts that changed compared to those in relation to the version identifier received in the message from the target radio access node  104 . 
     In some embodiments, the message received from the target radio access node  104  relates to handover. In other embodiments, the message received from the target radio access node  104  relates to a connection re-establishment procedure. In some embodiments, the message received from the target radio access node relates to neither a handover command nor a connection re-establishment procedure. For example, the message may be a dedicated message from the target radio access node or may relate to one or more procedures other than handover or re-establishment. 
     In some embodiments described above, a version identifier is used to determine whether the last (successful) state information report in which the value associated with the given status element was reported was potentially too late for the source radio access node  103  to have transmitted it to the target radio access node  104 . 
     However, the network need not provide an indication that it received a previous value associated with the given state information part from another radio access node, such as the source radio access node  103 . This as this can be indicated implicitly, for example by the absence of the version identifier or by the inclusion of a specific version identifier value. 
     For example upon change a from a cell in which the UE  102  is not configured to report on the given state information part to a cell in which the UE  102  is configured to report on the given state information part, the UE  102  may (again) provide the updated value associated with the given state information part in the event that the target radio access node  104  indicates in a message that it transmits to the UE  102  that it does not have the updated value associated with the given state information part by not providing any version identifier, by means of a special or predefined version identifier value or by means of a separate indication, for example by using a separate indication for each state information part in the event that a common version identifier is used. 
     Thus, in some embodiments, the given state information part is associable with a version identifier that indicates a version of the given state information part and the at least one predetermined indicator includes a predetermined version identifier. In some embodiments, the given state information part is associable with a version identifier that indicates a version of the given state information part and the at least one predetermined indicator includes the absence of a version identifier associated with the given state information part. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the source radio access node  103 , and/or or one more radio access nodes to which the UE  102  was previously connected since the value currently associated with the given state information part was reported to the radio access network  101 , does not support forwarding of state information relating to the UE  102 . 
     The indication that the target radio access node  104  does not have current state information may be provided in at least two different ways. One way in which the target radio access node  104  may indicate that it does not have the current state information is by indicating that it does not have any value associated with a particular state information part, for example using dedicated signaling. 
     Another way in which it may be indicated that the target radio access node  104  does not have the current state information is for the radio access network  101  to indicate whether each cell or associated radio access node supports transparent transfer of state information relating to the user, for example by using broadcast signaling. In the latter case, the UE  102  assumes that target radio access node  104  does not have a current value associated with the given state information part if the UE  102  was connected to one or more cells that did not support transparent transfer of state information since it last provided an updated value associated with the given state information part to the radio access network  101 . 
     Thus, the target radio access node  104  may indicate whether or not it has a value associated with the given state information part. The radio access network  101  may, also or alternatively, indicate for each cell whether or not the cell supports transparent transfer of state information relating to the UE  102 . This may either be provided by using broadcast signaling, such as system information, or by using dedicated signaling as explained above. 
     In the event of using dedicated signaling, the UE  102  assumes that the target radio access node  104  does not have a value associated with the given state information part if the UE  102  was connected to one or more cells that did not support transparent transfer of status info since it last provided a state information report for the one or more features associated with the given state information part. 
     Some embodiments comprise transmitting the value currently associated with the given state information part to the target radio access node  104  in response to said detecting at least one predetermined trigger only if the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in the second cell  106 . 
     One consideration is what state information the UE  102  should include when repeating the state information reporting due to a late change. Different radio access nodes may configure state information reporting for different features, for example because the radio access nodes are provided by different vendors and do not support the same set of features. For example, in the first cell  105 , the UE  102  may be configured to perform state information reporting for features A and B, while in the second cell  106  the UE  102  may be configured to perform state information reporting for features B and C. 
     In embodiments described above, unnecessary repeating of state information reporting may be reduced for the features that are shared between the first cell  105  and the second cell  106 , in this case feature B. Additionally, the UE  102  may provide a state information report for the features that are newly configured by the second cell  106 ; those that are not shared with first cell  105 ; in this case feature C. Furthermore, the UE  102  need not repeat state information reporting due to a late change in relation to a feature, such as feature A in the example above, that is not configured in the second cell  106 . Thus, in some embodiments, the UE  102  may be configured to repeat updated state information following a handover or another change in connection only if the late change concerned one or more features that are configured in the second cell  106  (irrespective of whether or not they are also configured in the first cell  105 ). 
     In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined triggers include determining that the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in the second cell  106  and for which state information reporting is not configured in the first cell  105 . As such, whenever the UE  102  moves from a cell associated with a radio access node that does support state information reporting for a particular feature to a node supporting reporting of the particular feature, the UE  102  reports the current value associated with the given state information part. 
     Thus, in some embodiments, following a change in connected mode from a first cell  105  in which the UE  102  is not configured to report (changes to) a particular state information part to a second cell  106  in which the UE  102  is configured to report (changes to) the particular state information part, the UE  102  initiates a state information report regardless of whether or not the value associated with the particular state information part has changed compared to what was included in a previously sent state information report identifying a previous value associated with the particular state information part. 
     In some embodiments, the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in the second cell  106  and for which state information reporting is not configured in the first cell  105 . 
     In other embodiments, the given state information part is associated with one or more features for which state information reporting is configured in both the first cell  105  and the second cell  106 . Such embodiments reduce unnecessary state information reporting by the UE  102  following a cell change, for example handover or re-establishment, in connected mode between cells in which the UE  102  is configured to report changes or updated associated with the given state information in both cells. 
     State information reporting by the UE  102  may include several procedural aspects, at least some of which may be handled in a common manner, while other aspects may need to be handled separately in relation to some of the state information parts. 
     Some embodiments comprise transmitting an additional current value associated with a further given state information part to the target radio access node in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the target radio access node may not have received the additional current value from the source radio access node and relying on the target radio access node having received the additional current value from the source radio access node if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     In some embodiments, at least the current value and the additional current value are included in a single message to the target radio access node. Thus, in some cases, a common message or procedure is introduced for the common reporting of several different state information parts. Common procedural aspects are specified at the level of this common message. 
     Nevertheless, it may still be desirable to have a procedural specification for the state information parts included in the common message. This may be achieved by treating the different state information parts as if they were separate messages, so that the common message would be considered as a list of individual messages. 
       FIG.  2    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment according to some embodiments. 
     At least some embodiments described above may result in modifications to procedures and information specified in 3GPP TS 36.331, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification”. Some modifications may include: 
     using a common message (UEStateIndication) to report at least the current value associated with the given state information part, for example following detection of late changes during handover; 
     extending the AS-Context field within the HandoverPreparation message to include at least the current value, possibly as well as a version identifier; and 
     extending the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message, which is used to convey a handover command, to include the version identifier. 
     In some embodiments, the otherconfig field, within an RRCConnectionReconfiguration message may be used to indicate timing information. In some embodiments, a UEStateInformation message may serve as a common state information message that includes an indication of (one or more) current version(s) of the state information. The UEStateInformation message my include both one of more state information values, for example indicating MBMS interest, as well as one or more version identifiers. 
     In some embodiments, a new field may be provided within the RRCConnectionReconfiguration message to indicate the version(s) of state information that is available in the E-UTRAN upon handover. In some embodiments, the MeasurementReport message that the UE sends to the E-UTRAN may also be modified. 
       FIG.  3    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system according to some embodiments. In these embodiments, a single, common version identifier is used to cover all of the state information parts making up the state information. 
     In this example, the state information relating to the user equipment comprises three different state information parts, denoted A, B and C and associated with features A, B and C respectively. 
     Three cells are depicted in which state information reporting is configured for different features. State information reporting for features A and B is configured in a first cell. State information reporting is not configured at all in a second cell. However, the second cell supports transparent forwarding of state information; in other words, although the second radio access node that controls the second cell does not comprehend state information that it receives from the first radio access node that controls the first cell, it forwards the state information to the third radio access node that controls the third cell. State information reporting for features B and C is configured in a third cell. 
     The UE  102  establishes an initial connection to the first radio access node, where it performs state information reporting for features A and B and includes a version identifier Vn=1 when reporting. At time T 1 , while the UE  102  is still in the first cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature A changes. The UE  102  transmits the updated value of the state information part associated with feature A to the first radio access node and steps the version identifier to Vn=2. 
     The UE  102  then moves, in connected mode, to the second cell. The first radio access node transmits the latest state information it has relating to the UE  102  to the second radio access node even though the second radio access node does not comprehend the state information. 
     At time T 2 , while the UE  102  is in the second cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature B changes. Since the reporting of changes associated with feature B is not configured in the second cell, the UE  102  does not report the changed value to the second radio access node and does not step the version identifier associated with the state information. 
     The UE  102  then moves, in connected mode, from the second cell to the third cell. The second radio access node transmits the latest state information it has relating to the UE  102  —which is the state information it received from the first radio access node—to the third radio access node. In this case, the second radio access node transparently transfers the state information to the third radio access node. 
     The UE receives a message from the third radio access node which includes the version identifier Vn=2. This corresponds to the version of the state information that was transparently forwarded by the second radio access node. 
     The UE  102  determines that the third cell supports reporting of features B and C. The UE  102  does not transmit the current value associated with feature A (which was changed at time T 1 ) to the third radio access node since reporting of feature A is not configured in the third cell. The UE  102  determines that it has not transmitted the updated value associated with feature B (which was changed at time T 2 ) to the radio access network. The UE  102  also determines that it has not transmitted the (current) value associated with feature C to the radio access network, since reporting of feature C was not configured in either the first or second cell. 
     As such the UE  102  transmits, in a common message, the current value associated with feature B (which was updated at time T 2 ) and the current value associated with feature C at time T 3  while the UE  102  is connected to the third cell and updates the version identifier associated with the state information to Vn=3. 
       FIG.  4    shows a method of processing state information relating to UE  102  in a communications system according to some embodiments. In these embodiments, a single, common version identifier is used to cover all of the state information parts making up the state information. 
     The method shown in  FIG.  4    is similar to that shown in  FIG.  3   . However, in this example, reporting of feature A, in addition to features B and C, is configured in the third cell. 
     In particular, the UE  102  establishes an initial connection to the first radio access node, where it performs state information reporting for features A and B and includes a version identifier Vn=1 when reporting. At time T 1 , while the UE  102  is still in the first cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature A changes. The UE  102  transmits the updated value of the state information part associated with feature A to the first radio access node and steps the version identifier to Vn=2. However, in this example, the UE  102  reports the changes value associated with feature A just prior to the UE  102  moving, in connected mode, to the second cell. 
     The first radio access node transmits the latest state information it has relating to the UE  102  to the second radio access node even though the second radio access node does not comprehend the state information. In this example, the first radio access node did not receive the updated state information from the UE  102  in time for it to be transmitted to the second radio access node. As such, the state information transmitted by the first radio access node to the second radio access node is the initially reported state information associated with the version identifier Vn=1. 
     At time T 2 , while the UE  102  is in the second cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature B changes. Since the reporting of changes associated with feature B is not configured in the second cell, the UE  102  does not report the changed value to the second radio access node and does not step the version identifier associated with the state information. 
     The UE  102  then moves, in connected mode, from the second cell to the third cell. The second radio access node transmits the latest state information it has relating to the UE  102  —which is the state information it received from the first radio access node—to the third radio access node. In this case, the second radio access node transparently transfers the state information to the third radio access node. In this example, the transparently transferred state information include the version identifier Vn=1. 
     The UE  102  receives a message from the third radio access node which includes the version identifier Vn=1. This corresponds to the version of the state information that was transparently forwarded by the second radio access node. 
     The UE  102  determines that the third cell supports reporting of features A, B and C. The UE  102  determines that the third radio access node does not have the current value associated with feature A since the version identifier it received from the third radio access node (Vn=1) does not correspond with the current version of the state information (Vn=2). The UE  102  determines that the value associated with feature A changed between the first and second version and determines that the current value associated with feature A is to be transmitted to the third radio access node. 
     The UE  102  determines that it has not transmitted the updated value associated with feature B (which was changed at time T 2 ) to the radio access network. The UE  102  also determines that it has not transmitted the (current) value associated with feature C to the radio access network, since reporting of feature C was not configured in either the first or second cell. 
     As such the UE  102  transmits, in a common message, the current value associated with feature A (which was updated at time T 1 ), feature B (which was updated at time T 2 ) and the current value associated with feature C at time T 3  while the UE  102  is connected to the third cell and updates the version identifier associated with the state information to Vn=3. 
       FIG.  5    shows a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system according to some embodiments. In these embodiments, a single, common version identifier is used to cover all of the state information parts making up the state information. 
     In this example, the state information relating to the user equipment comprises three different state information parts, denoted A, B and C and associated with features A, B and C respectively. 
     Four cells are depicted in which state information reporting is configured for different features. State information reporting for features A and B is configured in a first cell. State information reporting is not configured at all in a second cell. In this example, the second cell does not support transparent forwarding of state information. State information reporting for features B and C is configured in a third cell. State information reporting for features A and B is configured in a fourth cell. 
     The UE  102  establishes an initial connection to a first radio access node that controls the first cell, where it performs state information reporting for features A and B and includes a version identifier Vn=1 when reporting. At time T 1 , while the UE  102  is still in the first cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature A changes. The UE  102  transmits the updated value of the state information part associated with feature A to the first radio access node and steps the version identifier to Vn=2. 
     The UE  102  then moves to the second cell. However, since the second radio access node that controls the second cell does not support transparent forwarding of state information, the second radio access node does not receive state information from the first radio access node. 
     At time T 2 , while the UE  102  is in the second cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature B changes. Since the reporting of changes associated with feature B is not configured in the second cell, the UE  102  does not report the changed value to the second radio access node and does not step the version identifier associated with the state information. 
     The UE  102  then moves the second cell to the third cell. Since the second radio access node does not support transparent forwarding of state information, the third radio access node does not receive the state information from the second radio access node. 
     The UE  102  receives a message from the third radio access node which includes a predetermined indicator from which the UE  102  can determine that the third radio access node does not have current state information. For example, the third radio access node may include no version identifier or a special parameter in a message to the UE  102 . 
     The UE  102  determines that the third cell supports reporting of features B and C. The UE  102  does not transmit the current value associated with feature A (which was changed at time T 1 ) to the third radio access node since reporting of feature A is not configured in the third cell. The UE  102  determines that it has not transmitted the updated value associated with feature B (which was changed at time T 2 ) to the radio access network. The UE  102  also determines that it has not transmitted the (current) value associated with feature C to the radio access network. As such the UE  102  transmits, in a common message, the current value associated with feature B (which was updated at time T 2 ) and the current value associated with feature C at time T 3  while the UE  102  is connected to the third cell and updates the version identifier associated with the state information to Vn=3. 
     At time T 3 , while the UE  102  is in the third cell, the value of the state information part associated with feature B changes. Since the reporting of changes associated with feature B is configured in the third cell, the UE  102  reports the changed value to the third radio access node and step the version identifier associated with the state information to Vn=4. 
     The UE  102  then moves, in connected mode, from the third cell to the fourth cell. The third radio access node transmits the latest state information it has relating to the UE  102  to the fourth radio access node and includes the version identifier Vn=4. 
     The UE receives a message from the fourth radio access node which includes the version identifier Vn=4. 
     The UE  102  determines that the fourth cell supports reporting of features A and B. However, the UE  102  remembers determining that the second cell did not support transparent transfer of state information and that the fourth radio access node will not have the current value associated with feature A since reporting of feature A was not configured in the third cell. As such, the UE  102  determines that it will need to transmit the current value associated with feature A to the fourth radio access node. 
     The UE  104  compares the version identifier it received from the fourth radio access node, Vn=4, to the current version identifier, Vn=4, and determines that the fourth radio access node has the current value associated with feature B. As such, the UE  104  determines that it need not transmit the current value associated with feature B to the fourth radio access node. Accordingly, the UE  102  transmits the current value associated with feature A to the fourth radio access node and updates the version identifier associated with the state information to Vn=5. 
     In some embodiments described above, the target radio access node  104  controlling the second cell  106  does not have up to date state information as a result of a change in connection from the source radio access node  103  to the target radio access node  104 . However, at least some of the procedures described above, in particular relating to determining when the UE  102  should provide a new state information report, may also apply when the UE  102  moves from one cell to another cell, even if both cells are controlled by the same radio access node. In such cases, the UE may be configured to determine whether there is a need to provide a new state information report. 
       FIG.  6    is a block schematic representation of a communications system  600  according to some embodiments. The communications system  600  depicted in  FIG.  6    includes some elements that are the same as, or are similar to, elements shown in  FIG.  1   . Such elements are given the same reference numerals as used above in relation to  FIG.  1    but are incremented by five hundred. 
     The communication system  600  depicted in  FIG.  6    includes a radio access network  601 , which includes a radio access node  604 . The radio access node  604  controls first and second cells  605 ,  606 . UE  602  can communicate with the radio access node  604  via a radio interface  611 . 
     Some embodiments provide a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system  600  comprising a radio access network  601 . The communications system  600  comprises a first cell  605  and a second cell  606 . In some embodiments, the first cell  605  and the second cell  606  are controlled by the same radio access node  604 . The method comprises maintaining current state information relating to the user equipment  602 . 
     The state information comprises at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in the first cell  605  and/or the second cell  606 . The at least one state information part is associable with a plurality of different values. The UE  602  is configured to detect a connection change to the second cell. The UE is configured to transmit a current value associated with a given state information part to a radio access node  604  associated with the second cell  606  in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the radio access node  604  associated with the second cell  606  may not have the current value. The UE  602  is configured to rely on the radio access node  604  associated with the second cell  606  having the current value if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. 
     Some embodiments provide a method of processing state information relating to user equipment in a communications system  600  comprising a radio access network  601 . The communications system  600  comprises at least one cell  605 ,  606  that is controlled by the radio access node  604 . The method comprises maintaining current state information relating to the user equipment  602 . 
     The state information comprises at least one state information part associated with one or more features for which state information reporting may be configured in the at least one cell  605 ,  606 . The at least one state information part is associable with a plurality of different values. 
     The UE  602  is configured to detect a connection change in relation to the at least one cell  605 ,  606 . The UE is configured to transmit a current value associated with a given state information part to a radio access node  604  associated with the at least one cell  605 ,  606  in response to detecting at least one of one or more predetermined triggers that indicate that the radio access node  604  associated with the at least one cell  605 ,  606  may not have the current value. 
     The UE  602  is configured to rely on the radio access node  604  associated with the second cell  606  having the current value if said at least one of said one or more predetermined triggers is not detected. In such embodiments, the UE  602  may perform such processing even where there is no change of cell, for example in the case of re-establishing a connection to the radio access node  604  following detecting of a failure therewith. 
     At least some embodiments described above reduce the need for the UE  102 ,  602  to repeat state information reporting after every cell change in connected mode, for example as part of a handover or connection re-establishment procedure. In some embodiments, a source RAN node, such as a source eNb, forwards UE state information to a target RAN node, such as a target eNb. 
     In some embodiments, following a cell change in connected mode from a cell in which the reporting of UE state information is not configured to a cell in which the reporting of UE state information is configured, the UE  102 ,  106  always provides updated state information. In some embodiments, following a cell change in connected mode between cells in which the reporting of UE state information is configured, the UE  102  provides updated state information if: at least part of the state information changed shortly before the cell change and/or if a ‘version’ received from the target radio access node  104  indicates that the target radio access node  104  does not have up-to-date UE state information. 
     In some such embodiments, a version can be exchanged on the basis of individual state information parts or a common version can be used to cover a plurality of state information parts. In some embodiments, a common message or procedure may be used to specify the elements (information as well as procedural aspects) that are common for all state information parts only once. At least some embodiments provide mechanisms to limit repeated state information reporting by the UE  102 ,  602  after every cell change in connected mode. 
     Some embodiments seek to minimize the repetition, by transferring state information from a source node to a target node, complemented with the UE  102 ,  602  providing one or more state information reports in the event that the state information may have changed after the source node transferred the state information to the target node. 
     The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples of the invention. Further embodiments of the invention are envisaged. 
     In the above embodiments, the version identifier may be a version number. Other types of version identifier such as letters or other symbols or parameters are envisaged. Furthermore, although embodiments above refer to a ‘value’ associated with a state information part, it will be appreciated that the value need not be numeric and may depend upon possible states of one or more features with which the state information part may be configured. 
     It is to be understood that any feature described in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.