Patent Publication Number: US-2019184251-A1

Title: Adjustable Golf Club and System and Associated Golf Club Heads and Shafts

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/231,151, filed on Aug. 8, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/799,944, filed Mar. 13, 2013, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,409,068, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/665,792, filed on Oct. 31, 2012, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,053,256, which claims the benefit to U.S. Patent Application No. 61/654,070 filed on May 31, 2012, which applications are incorporated by reference herein and made a part hereof. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to golf clubs, golf club heads, golf club shafts and associated systems and methods. More particularly, aspects of this invention relate to golf club systems and methods that provide enhanced golf club structures and golf club supply management. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Golf clubs are well known in the art for use in the game of golf. Golf club assemblies typically include a golf club head, a shaft, and a grip. Significant research and development has been devoted to improving performance characteristics of golf clubs and providing additional enhanced features. Certain features include adjustments associated with various portions of the golf club assembly that allow golfers to modify the golf club to suit their individual preferences and performance needs. Golf clubs incorporating such features are generally referred to as adjustable golf clubs. 
     While known adjustable golf clubs may provide a number of advantages to golfers, they nevertheless have limitations and proffered advantages are often accompanied by performance compromises. Furthermore, the incorporation of adjustment mechanisms to the variety of different golf clubs types that golfers use has resulted in ever-expanding manufacturer and retail inventories while simultaneously generating supply issues exemplified by limited availability of certain golf club configurations, and excess supply of others. At the same time, the number of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs) that must be manufactured to supply a full line of club configurations for each golf club model and type has also become ever-expanding. Not only has this increased the cost and complexity of golf club manufacturing, but the overwhelming variety of options has made it more difficult for some golfers to select the correct club configuration for their individual performance needs. Additionally, the increased costs associated with adjustment mechanisms have limited accessibility to adjustable golf clubs for a substantial number of golfers. The present invention seeks to overcome these limitations and other drawbacks of known golf clubs and the current method of manufacturing and supplying golf clubs. In addition, the present invention provides new features heretofore unavailable to golfers, golf club fitters, and golf club providers. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following presents a general summary of aspects of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention and various features of it. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but it simply provides a general overview and context for the more detailed description that follows. 
     In general, aspects of this invention relate to golf clubs or golf club components incorporating adjustment members that permit ready adjustability of golf club parameters and/or interchangeability of golf club components to change a golf club configuration, and methods for providing golf clubs. Club configuration may be defined as one permutation of available options for each model, either adjustable or “designed-in” such as Loft+Face Angle+Lie Angle+Shaft Flex and Construction. According to aspects of this invention, an adjustment member may be utilized to allow the adjustability of a golf club parameter to change a golf club configuration, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. According to another aspect of this invention, an adjustment member may be utilized to allow the adjustability of two golf club parameters independently to change a golf club configuration, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     According to aspects of this invention, a golf club may be provided with a base configuration. The golf club may include a shaft, a grip and a golf club head. When oriented in a reference position, the golf club may have a set of base parameters or characteristics, such as a base loft angle, a base lie angle, a base face angle, a base center of gravity location, a base moment of inertia, etc. The golf club may include an adjustment member that allows a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics. The golf club head may be incorporate design aspects that ensure there is substantially no change to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     Additionally, another aspect of this invention may relate to methods of assembling golf clubs using adjustment members in accordance with examples of this invention. Such methods may include: (a) providing a golf club head with at least a first base parameter (e.g., by manufacturing it, from a third party supplier, etc.); (b) producing at least one adjustment member that permits substantially independent adjustment of the first base parameter from a first base parameter value to one or more alternate values; (c) engaging (e.g., via cements or adhesives, via other fusing or mechanical fastening techniques, or in a releasable manner, etc.) the adjustment member with the head, wherein the adjustment member is operably associated with the club head and may utilize cooperating surfaces to achieve adjustment; (d) engaging a shaft and grip with the golf club head and/or the adjustment member; wherein steps (a)-(d) produce a reconfigurable first golf club that eliminates the need to provide at least one other golf club head having a second base parameter value to produce a second golf club. 
     As additional example aspects of this invention, a purchaser of a golf club described herein may be provided with a comprehensive selection of options at retail, and the retailer providing the golf club may maintain a reduced amount of inventory for the proffered selection. The retailer may offer golf club heads for purchase and shaft assemblies for sale, as well as complete golf clubs. The shaft assemblies may, for example, be offered in four different flex ratings, e.g., senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex and a single loft (e.g. a base loft of 10.5 degrees). Conventionally, a retailer would need to carry an inventory of multiple lofts, e.g., 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 10.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees and 12.5 degrees, for each shaft flex offered. For example, a retailer may wish to have on hand, at any given time, 25 units of each shaft flex and loft available for a particular golf club model to ensure adequate supply to purchasers and may be required to maintain an inventory of approximately 500 conventional golf clubs. By offering for sale golf clubs incorporating the principles taught herein, the retailer would only need to carry an inventory of approximately 100 assembled golf clubs, wherein an adjustment member would allow the golf clubs to be adjusted from the base loft to the remaining lofts desired (e.g., from 10.5 degrees to 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees or 12.5 degrees) while other club or club head parameters remain substantially constant within a specified range. This reduction in inventory drastically reduces the number of golf clubs the retailer would be required to purchase to have sufficient inventory on hand at any given time, freeing up cash flow that can be invested elsewhere. Additionally, the reduced inventory would drastically reduce storage space requirements, significantly reducing overhead costs. Moreover, the reduced inventory reduces the likelihood of carrying unsaleable products or golf clubs at the end of the season which must then be sold at discount or even a loss. 
     Additional aspects of this invention relate to a golf club head comprising a body defining a ball striking surface, a crown, a sole, a heel, a toe and a back; and an adjustment member operably connected to the body. The body and adjustment member may be structured such that the adjustment member adjusts a first parameter associated with the body among a plurality of positions and wherein in response to the adjustment of the first parameter, a second parameter associated with the body remains constant within a predetermined tolerance. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete understanding of the present invention and certain advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following detailed description in consideration with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  generally illustrates a perspective view of an example golf club according to this invention; 
         FIGS. 2 through 18  illustrate various views of an example golf club head and various performance parameters and characteristics according to this invention; 
         FIGS. 19A through 19E  include tables that illustrate various configurations and measurements for an example golf club according to this invention; 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  illustrate an example adjustment member for an example golf club according to this invention; 
         FIGS. 21A through 32C  illustrate various views of another example adjustment member for an example golf club according to this invention; 
         FIGS. 33A through 34B  illustrate example golf club heads according to this invention; 
         FIGS. 35A through 36C  illustrate tables of test data of example golf club heads according to this invention; 
         FIG. 37  illustrates a tables of test data of a golf club head as a comparative example; 
         FIGS. 38A through 39C  illustrate distance and dispersion ellipses charts of example golf club heads according to this invention; 
         FIG. 40  illustrates a distance and dispersion ellipses chart of a golf club head as a comparative example; 
         FIGS. 41A through 42B  illustrate an example retail display according to this invention; 
         FIG. 43  illustrates a flowchart for an example method according to this invention; 
         FIG. 44  illustrates a flowchart for another example method according to this invention; and 
         FIGS. 45A and 45B  illustrate example network architecture and components according to this invention. 
     
    
    
     The reader is advised that the attached drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description of various example structures in accordance with the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration various example adjustment members, golf club heads, and golf club structures in accordance with the invention. Additionally, it is to be understood that other specific arrangements of parts and structures may be utilized, and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Also, while the terms “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “rear,” “side,” “underside,” “overhead,” and the like may be used in this specification to describe various example features and elements of the invention, these terms are used herein as a matter of convenience, e.g., based on the example orientations shown in the figures and/or the orientations in typical use. Nothing in this specification should be construed as requiring a specific three dimensional or spatial orientation of structures in order to fall within the scope of this invention. 
       FIG. 1  generally illustrates an example golf club  100  in accordance with at least some examples of this invention. This club  100  includes a club head  102 , a shaft  106  (which will be described in more detail below), and a grip member  103  engaged with the shaft  106 . While a driver/wood-type golf club head  102  is illustrated in these figures, aspects of this invention may be applied to any type of club head, including, for example: fairway wood club heads (e.g., 3-woods with loft angles ranging from 13-17 degrees, 5 woods with loft angles ranging from 15-19 degrees, and other possible wood club heads with other varying loft angles); wood or iron type hybrid golf club heads (of any desired loft, e.g., generally from 13-45 degrees); or iron type golf club heads (of any desired loft, e.g., from a 0-iron or 1-iron to a wedge); and the like. The club heads may be made from any desired materials, in any desired construction and/or in any desired manner, including from conventional materials, in conventional constructions, in conventional manners, as are known and/or used in the art, optionally modified (if necessary, e.g., in size, shape, inclusion of structures, etc.) as required for aspects of this invention as described in more detail below. As will be described in detail below, the club head  102  may include an adjustment member  104  which may provide for the adjustment of parameters of the club head  102 . 
     Any desired materials also may be used for the shaft  106 , including conventional materials that are known and/or used in the art, such as steel, graphite based materials, polymers, composite materials, combinations of these materials, etc. Optionally, if necessary or desired, the shaft  106  may be modified (e.g., in size, shape, etc.) to accommodate releasable club head/shaft connection parts. The grip member  103  may be engaged with the shaft  106  in any desired manner, including in conventional manners that are known and/or used in the art (e.g., via cements or adhesives, via mechanical connections, etc.). Any desired materials may be used for the grip member  103 , including conventional materials that are known and/or used in the art, such as rubber, polymeric materials, cork, rubber or polymeric materials with cord or other fabric elements embedded therein, cloth or fabric, tape, etc. 
     For each of the different club types, such as drivers, fairway wood clubs, hybrid clubs, and iron clubs, a manufacturer of golf clubs may offer various or differing club lines and models. Each model may have different club head parameters as compared to a similar club type in the same line. As will be described in detail below, these club head parameters may have varying effects on the swing performance and ball-striking performance for a given user of the golf club. Therefore, each club model may have swing performance and/or ball-striking performance intended for a given golfer. 
     For example, a manufacturer may offer a metalwood club line that includes four different driver models, 4 different fairway wood models, and 4 different hybrid models. As was discussed above, the different models may have different club head parameters to provide varying effects on swing and ball-striking performance so that the golf club line includes models of each club type suitable to a wide range of golfers. 
     Generally, all club heads  102  include various parts.  FIG. 2  illustrates various parts of the golf club head  102  as will be referenced throughout the remainder of this application (as referenced from USGA Rules of Golf). A club head  102  has a face or striking face  110 , a crown  112 , a sole  114 , a heel  116 , a toe  118 , and a back  120 . The crown  112  may be defined as the upper curved portion of the head  102  of a wood or metal wood. The sole  114  may be defined as the bottom or underside portion of any type of club, and is generally opposite the crown  112 . The sole  114  may include an area on the club head  102  that rests on the ground when a golfer soles the golf club  100 . The sole  114  may generally rest on a ground plane  124 , wherein the ground plane  124  is a horizontal plane tangent with the bottom of the club head  102 . The heel  116  may the part of the club head  102  nearer to and including the hosel  126 . The toe  118  may be the area of the golf club  100  that is the farthest from the shaft  106 . The back  120  of the club head  102  is generally opposite the face  110 . The shaft  106  attaches to the head  102  at the heel  116  via a hosel  126 . The shaft  106  has a center axis  107 . The hosel  126  may have a bore  108  for receiving the shaft  106 , or a shaft adapter  200  (see  FIGS. 21A, 22A, and 22B ). The hosel bore  108  has a center axis or a hosel axis  128 . If the shaft  106  is inserted and attached directly to hosel bore  108 , the hosel axis  128  may be substantially coincident with shaft axis  107 . For club head embodiments including a shaft adapter  200 , the shaft  106  may be received in a shaft adapter bore  208 . The shaft adapter bore  208  may have a center axis or shaft adapter axis  201 , which may be substantially coincident with shaft axis  107 . The shaft adapter axis  201  may be offset angularly and/or linearly from the hosel axis  128  to permit adjustment of club parameters via rotation of the shaft adapter with respect to club head  102 , as is known by persons skilled in the art. 
     According to aspects of this invention, a golf club  100  may be provided with a base configuration. The base configuration may be defined by a set of base parameters or characteristics of a golf club head  102  that oriented in a reference position. The golf club  100  and/or the golf club head  102  base parameters or characteristics may include, but are not limited to: a face center location, a base loft angle, a base face angle, a base lie angle, a base center of gravity location, a base moment of inertia, a bulge curvature, a roll curvature, a base sole contact location or sole contact point, and a virtual rotation point. Parameters or characteristics as well as methods and procedures for measuring them will be described and detailed below. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 4 , a lie angle  130  is defined as the angle formed between the shaft axis  107  and a horizontal plane contacting the sole  114 , which may be the ground plane  124 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates the face center location  140  on a fixtured club head  102 . The face center  140  is determined using Unites States Golf Association (USGA) standard measuring procedures and methods. For example, the current USGA procedure requires finding the center point along a horizontal line  142  along the club face  110  until the heel  116  and the toe  118  measurements at the edges of the face  110  of the club head  102  are equal. Then, finding the center point along a vertical line  144  along the club face  110  until the crown  112  and the sole  114  measurements at the edges of the face  110  of the club head  102  are also equal. When the heel  116  and the toe  118  measurements are equal and the crown  112  and the sole  114  measurements are equal, the intersecting point of these lines is defined as the face center location  140 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an example of a loft angle  150  of the golf club head  102 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the loft angle  150  is defined as a measurement between an axis normal  152  or perpendicular to a face center axis  154  and an axis normal  156  or perpendicular to the ground plane  124 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 9A and 9B , the face center axis  154  is defined as the axis from the face center  140  and normal to the face. 
     In another aspect and similar to the aspect as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , as illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the loft angle  150  is defined as a measurement between the face center axis  154  and the ground plane  124 . It is recognized that each of these loft angle  150  definitions may yield a similar or exactly the same loft angle measurement. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an example of a face angle  160  of a golf club head  102 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the face angle  160  is measured by utilizing the face center axis  154  and a right plane  162  (a plane perpendicular to the X axis). 
     An origin point  132  may be defined on the golf club  100  or golf club head  102 , or a point defined in relation to certain elements of the club or head. Various other points, such as the center of gravity, sole contact, and face center, may be described and/or measured in relation to the origin point  132 . As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a coordinate system may be defined on the origin point  132 , e.g., with a Z′ axis  134  extending along the direction of the shaft axis  107  (and/or the hosel axis  128  or shaft adapter axis  201 ), an X′ axis  136  parallel with the vertical plane and normal to the Z′ axis, and a Y′ axis  138  normal to the X′ and Z′ axes. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates two different examples of where the origin point  132  may be located. The first location  132 A, defined as the hosel origin point  132 A, is generally located on the hosel  126 . The hosel origin point  132 A is located on the hosel axis  128 , or if so provided, the shaft adapter axis  201 , and coincident with the uppermost edge  126 A of the hosel  126  or shaft adapter. A second location  132 B, defined as a ground origin point  132 B, is generally located at the ground plane  124 . The ground origin point  132 B is defined as the point at which the ground plane  124  and the hosel axis  128  intersect. Either location for the origin point  132  may be utilized without departing from this invention. Additionally, other locations for the origin point  132  may be utilized without departing from this invention. Throughout the remainder of this application, the hosel origin point  132 A will be utilized for all reference locations, tolerances, and calculations. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an example of a center of gravity location  170  as a specified parameter of the golf club head  102 . The golf club head  102  center of gravity location  170  is provided with reference to its position from the origin point  132 . As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , the center of gravity location  170  is defined by a distance from the origin point  132  along the X′ axis  172 , Y′ axis  174 , and Z′ axis  176 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , another example of a specified parameter of the golf club head  102  is the moment of inertia  180  of the golf club head  102 . Golf club head moments of inertia are defined about axes extending through the golf club head center of gravity  170 , meaning that the moment of inertia is measured about a CG X-axis  182 , a CG Y-axis  184 , and a CG Z-axis  186 , which is an axes coordinate system with an origin located at the center of gravity  170 . As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the moment of inertia  180  is defined about the center of gravity in the X, Y, and Z directions with the z axis being perpendicular to the ground plane  124 , the X axis being in the heel-toe direction, and the Y axis extending in the face to back direction. MOI X-X  182 A represents the moment of inertia about the X axis  182 . MOI Y-Y  184 A represents the moment of inertia about the Y axis  184 . MOI Z-Z  186 A represents the moment of inertia about the Z axis  186 . 
     Another example of a specified parameter of a golf club head is a bulge radius or bulge curvature  190  of the golf club head  102 .  FIGS. 12, 13A, and 13B  illustrate an example of a bulge curvature  190  as a specified parameter of a golf club head  102 . The bulge curvature  190  is defined as the intersection of a bulge plane  191  and the face  110 . The bulge plane  191  is defined as a plane parallel to the ground plane  124  through the face center  140 . The bulge curvature  190  is the horizontal curvature of the face  110  of a wood or metal wood from the heel  116  to the toe  118 . To provide an example, as illustrated in  FIG. 13B , a circle  192  with a radius of R follows the bulge curvature  190  of the club head  102 . The arc of that circle  192  is used to determine the measurement of the bulge curvature  190 . Generally, the bulge curvature  190  may be determined by finding a best fit curve or utilizing a radius gauge to determine the bulge curvature  190  measurement. The bulge curvature  190  may be an approximate radius and not a radius per se. The bulge curvature  190  can be, for example, a compound curve, etc, that may be approximated as a radius utilizing mathematical techniques known and/or used in the art for approximating radius. 
       FIGS. 12 and 14  illustrate an example of a roll radius or a roll curvature  194  as a specified parameter of a golf club head  102 . The roll curvature  194  is defined as the intersection of a roll plane  195  and the face  110 . The roll plane  195  is defined as a plane normal to the ground plane  124  through the face center  140 . The roll curvature  194  is the vertical curvature of the face  110  of a wood or metal wood from the crown  112  to the sole  114 . To provide an example, as illustrated in  FIG. 14B , a circle  196  with a radius R′ follows the roll curvature  194  of the club head  102 . The arc of that circle  196  is used to determine the measurement of the roll curvature  194 . Generally, the roll curvature  194  may be determined by finding a best fit curve or utilizing a radius gauge to determine the roll curvature  194  measurement. The roll curvature  194  may be an approximate radius and not a radius per se. The roll curvature  194  can be, for example, a compound curve, etc, that may be approximated as a radius utilizing mathematical techniques known and/or used in the art for approximating radius. 
     The sole contact point  165  is measured in relation to the reference position and results naturally from fixturing the golf club head  102  in the reference position. As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , the sole contact point  165  is that point wherein the sole of the club head  102  contacts the ground plane  124 . To determine the sole contact point  165 , a ground plane  124  is created by aligning a horizontal plane such that the horizontal plane intersects the lowest point on the bottom of the club head  102 . As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , the sole contact point location  165  is defined by a distance from the origin point  132  in the X′ axis  166 , Y′ axis  167 , and Z′ axis  168 . Generally, the geometry of the sole  114  may yield the sole contact point  165 . However, in some club models, the geometry of the sole may yield a line, wherein the sole contact point  165  may then be defined as the midpoint of that line. Additionally, in some club models, the geometry of the sole  114  may yield a 2-dimensional shape (i.e., rectangle, square, circle, oval, an irregular shape, etc.), wherein the sole contact point  165  may then be defined as the center of area of the 2-dimensional shape. 
       FIGS. 3-7  illustrate a golf club head  102  oriented in a reference position. In the reference position, the shaft axis  106  (and/or hosel axis  128  or shaft adapter axis  201 , not shown) lies in a vertical plane as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 4 , the shaft axis  107  (and/or hosel axis  128  or shaft adapter axis  201 ) may be oriented at a base lie angle  130 . The base lie angle selected for the reference position may be the golf club  100  manufacturer&#39;s specified lie angle. If a specified lie angle is not available from the manufacturer, a lie angle of 57-63 degrees may be used for metalwoods, depending on shaft length and/or club head geometry, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, a contemporary driver-type metalwood club may be oriented at a lie angle of 60 about degrees. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the face may be oriented at the base loft angle  150  and base face angle  160 . The base loft and face angles selected for the reference position may be the golf club manufacturer&#39;s specified loft and face angles. 
     Club head parameters or characteristics may be measured physically, or in a computer-aided-design (CAD) environment. Generally, if a 3 dimensional (3D) model of club head  102  is not readily available, one may be created by performing a 3D scan of the interior and exterior of a physical example of the club head  102  and creating a model file from the scan data and/or physical measurements, such that the model is substantially representative of the physical club head. In the CAD environment, the model of club head  102  may be set in the reference position with the face  110  oriented at the base face angle and/or the base loft angle within the CAD environment such that the model is fully constrained. 
     In another aspect of this invention, the golf club  100  may be physically oriented in the reference position using a fixturing system  105 , for example such as shown in  FIG. 16 . As was described above, the shaft axis  107  (and/or hosel axis  128  and shaft adapter axis  201 ) may be aligned at a lie angle according to the golf club manufacturer&#39;s specification, or at an appropriate lie angle as determined by one of skill in the art. The golf club head  102  may rest with its sole  114  contacting a horizontal surface  124  with the club face  110  positioned at the base face angle and/or base loft angle using conventional loft and face angle measurement gauges known to one of skill in the art. 
     For adjustable club heads, which may permit adjustment of some or all club head parameters, the base position for each may be selected as a neutral position. For example, if club head  102  may be adjusted to any of 3 discrete face angles, the middle face angle may be selected (e.g., for options of −2 degrees, 0 degrees, and +2 degrees, 0 degrees may be selected). Similarly, if the face angle may be adjusted to any desired position over a finite range of positions, the middle value of the range may be selected (e.g., for a range of −2 to +2 degrees, 0 degrees may be selected). If the number of discrete position options provided for the base parameter or characteristic does not have a distinct middle (e.g., 2, 4, or 6 options), the neutral position may be one of the upper or lower value positions closest to a middle position (e.g.: the first or second position for a system with 2 discrete positions; the second or third position for a system with 4 discrete positions; etc.). 
     Once the base performance parameters or characteristics have been measured in the reference position, the club may be adjusted to any or all of the various available positions, and the performance parameters or characteristics may be measured in each position. To determine the position of the club head  102  at which the performance parameters may be measured in each of the various configurations available, it may be necessary to determine how the club head  102  is rotated or indexed to achieve each of the different configurations. Then, the club head  102  may be positioned within the CAD environment or fixturing system accordingly to reflect the adjustment and to perform any desired measurements. 
     B. Description of Adjustable Golf Club Systems and Methods 
     In general, aspects of this invention relate to golf clubs or golf club components incorporating adjustment members that permit ready adjustability of golf club parameters and/or interchangeability of golf club components to change a golf club configuration, and methods for providing golf clubs. Club configuration may be defined as one permutation of available options for each model, either adjustable or “designed-in” such as loft angle and/or face angle and/or lie angle and/or shaft flex and/or construction. According to aspects of this invention, an adjustment member may be utilized to allow the adjustability of a golf club parameter to change a golf club configuration, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. According to another aspect of this invention, an adjustment member may be utilized to allow the adjustability of two golf club parameters independently to change a golf club configuration, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     As was described above, the golf club  100  may be provided with a base configuration and when oriented in the reference position, the golf club may have a set of base parameters or characteristics, such as a base loft angle, a base lie angle, a base face angle, a base center of gravity location, a base moment of inertia, etc. The adjustment member may allow a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     For example, a golf club may include a base loft angle (which could also be addressed as baseline loft angle or neutral loft angle). This base loft angle may include any loft angle appropriate for a particular golf club. For example, a driver type golf club may have a nominal base loft angle of 10.5 degrees. In another example, a fairway wood type golf club may have a nominal base loft angle of 16 degrees, while another fairway wood type golf club may have a nominal base loft angle of 20 degrees. In yet another example, a hybrid type golf club may have a nominal base loft angle of 18 degrees. Other base loft angles for various type golf clubs may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may allow a user to change the club loft angle from the base loft angle in discrete increments, for example 1 degree, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.3 degree. For the example of the driver club with a nominal base loft angle of 10.5 degrees, the adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club loft angle to 9.5 degrees or 11.5 degrees, effectively lowering or raising the loft angle by 1 degree. In another aspect, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the club loft angle from the base loft angle in discrete increments, for example up to +/−2 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.3 degree. The adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club loft angle to 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees, or 12.5 degrees, effectively lowering or raising the loft angle by 1 degree with each increment. Additionally, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the club loft angle by up to +/−4 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. 0.3 degree, from a reference loft angle. For example, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the nominal base loft angle to 6.5 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 13.5 degrees, or 14.5 degrees. When the loft angle is changed, there may be substantially no change (or a minimal change) [of e.g. less than +/−0.3 degrees, +/−4 mm, or 15 KG/mm 2  when measured with respect to the reference position] to any other parameters, variables or characteristics of the golf club head or golf club, e.g., lie angle, face angle, bulge curvature, roll curvature, club head center of gravity height, moments of inertia of the club head about various axes passing through the center of gravity, etc. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may enable a user to select from at least 3 different lofts on a single club head, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     In another example, or in addition to the above example, a golf club may include a base face angle which may be a neutral face angle. This base face angle may include any face angle appropriate for a particular golf club. For example, a driver type golf club may have a nominal base face angle of approximately 1 degrees open or a neutral face angle, or 0 degrees. Other base face angles for various other club types may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     A second adjustment member, according to examples of this invention may allow a user to change the club face angle from the base face angle in discrete increments, for example 2 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.5 degree. The second adjustment member may be a separate adjustment member or integral to the first adjustment member without departing from this invention. The second adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club face angle from the neutral face angle to +2 degrees open or −2 degrees closed, effectively lowering or raising the face angle by 2 degrees. Additionally, the second adjustment member may allow the user to change the club face angle by up to +/−4 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. 0.5 degree, from the base face angle. For example, the second adjustment member may allow the user to change the nominal base face angle from the neutral face angle to a +4 degree open face angle or a −4 degree closed face angle. When the face angle is changed, there may be substantially no change (or a minimal change) [of e.g. less than +/−0.3 degrees, +/−4 mm, or 15 KG/mm 2  when measured with respect to the reference position] to any other parameters, variables or characteristics of the golf club head or golf club, e.g., lie angle, loft angle, bulge curvature, roll curvature, club head center of gravity height, moments of inertia of the club head about various axes passing through the center of gravity, etc. The second adjustment member according to examples of this invention may enable a user to select from at least 3 different face angles on a single club head, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     As was discussed above, an adjustment member and/or a second adjustment member may be utilized to change one or two parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics, such as center of gravity location, face center location, sole contact point, moment of inertia, bulge curvature, and roll curvature. While each of these parameters may not substantially change, there may be a tolerance level or minimal change for these parameters when measured with respect to their reference position or value. This minimal change may be represented by various methods, such as percentage change, or value change. 
     For example, when one or two parameters are changed (such as loft angle and/or face angle), the moment of inertia may change minimally from the reference moment of inertia. This minimal change in the moment of inertia may be represented by a MOI tolerance value or an MOI tolerance percentage. In one aspect of the invention, the MOI tolerance value may be 10.0 KG-mm 2  or less about any of the axes when one or two parameters are changed. In another aspect of the invention, the MOI tolerance value may be 15.0 KG-mm 2  or less about any of the axes when one or two parameters are changed. In another aspect of the invention, the MOI tolerance percentage may be 2% or less about any of the axes when one or two parameters are changed. In another aspect of the invention, the MOI tolerance percentage may be 4% or less about any of the axes when one or two parameters are changed. 
     Additionally, as was discussed above, an adjustment member and/or a second adjustment member may be utilized to change one or two parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change or minimal change to other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. For the specific location parameters (such as center of gravity location, face center location, and sole contact point location), the minimal change may be represented by a 3-dimensional tolerance sphere for these specific locations. 
     The tolerance sphere may be in the form of an actual sphere equation as defined below: 
       ( x−Xo ) 2 +( y−Yo ) 2 +( z−Zo ) 2   =r   2    
     Wherein: Xo, Yo, and Zo is the center of the sphere and r is the radius of the sphere. 
     For example, when one or two parameters are changed (such as loft angle and/or face angle), the location of the center of gravity may change minimally from the reference center of gravity location. This minimal change in the center of gravity location will be maintained within the area defined by the center of gravity tolerance sphere. In one aspect of the invention, the radius of the center of gravity tolerance sphere will be approximately 1 mm, wherein the minimal change of the center of gravity location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 1 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference center of gravity location. In another aspect of the invention, the radius of the center of gravity tolerance sphere will be approximately 2 mm, wherein the minimal change of the center of gravity location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 2 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference center of gravity location. In another aspect of the invention, the radius of the center of gravity tolerance sphere will be approximately 4 mm, wherein the minimal change of the center of gravity location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 4 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference center of gravity location. 
     Additionally, when one or two parameters are changed (such as loft angle or face angle), the location of the face center may change minimally from the reference face center location. This minimal change in the face center location will be maintained within the area defined by the face center tolerance sphere. In one aspect of the invention, the radius of the face center tolerance sphere will be approximately 1 mm, wherein the minimal change of the face center location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 1 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference face center location. In another aspect of the invention, the radius of the face center tolerance sphere will be approximately 2 mm, wherein the minimal change of the face center location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 2 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference face center location. In another aspect of the invention, the radius of the face center tolerance sphere will be approximately 4 mm, wherein the minimal change of the face center location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 4 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference face center location. 
     Additionally, when one or two parameters are changed (such as loft angle or face angle), the location of the sole contact point may change minimally from the reference sole contact point location. This minimal change in the sole contact point location will be maintained within the area defined by the sole contact point tolerance sphere. In one aspect of the invention, the radius of the sole contact point tolerance sphere will be approximately 1 mm, wherein the minimal change of the sole contact point location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 1 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference sole contact point location. In another aspect of the invention, the radius of the sole contact point tolerance sphere will be approximately 2 mm, wherein the minimal change of the sole contact point location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 2 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference sole contact point location. In another aspect of the invention, the radius of the sole contact point tolerance sphere will be approximately 4 mm, wherein the minimal change of the sole contact point location when one or two parameters are changed will be no greater than 4 mm away in any direction from the center of the sphere or the reference sole contact point location. 
     Furthermore, as was discussed above, an adjustment member and/or a second adjustment member may be utilized to change one or two parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change or minimal change to other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. For bulge curvature and roll curvature, the minimal change may be represented by a 2-dimensional curvature tolerance. As illustrated in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , the curvature tolerance may be defined by the space created by the difference of two different circles. One circle may be defined as the lower limit tolerance radius circle and the other circle may be defined as the upper limit tolerance radius circle. 
     Each of the two circles may be represented by an actual circle equation as defined below: 
       ( x−Xo ) 2 +( y−Yo ) 2   =r   2    
     Wherein: Xo and Yo is the center of the circle and r is the radius of the circle (or the bulge curvature/roll curvature). 
     Therefore, the tolerance curvature may be calculated by subtracting the upper limit circle equation from the lower limit circle equation, wherein the upper limit circle is defined as: 
       ( x   U   −Xo ) 2 +( y   U   −Yo ) 2   =r   U   2    
     Wherein: Xo and Yo is the center of the circle and x U  and y U  and r U  are coordinates and the radius of the upper limit tolerance circle. 
       [( x   L   −Xo ) 2 +( y   L   −Uo ) 2 ]= r   L   2    
     Wherein: Xo and Yo is the center of the circle and x L  and y L  and r L  are coordinates and the radius of the lower limit tolerance circle. 
     The curvature tolerance may be defined as located between the upper limit tolerance radius and the lower limit tolerance radius.  FIGS. 17 and 18  illustrate the bulge curvature tolerance and the roll curvature tolerance respectively. Generally, the minimal change in the bulge curvature and the roll curvature during various adjustments will be maintained within the area defined by the upper limit tolerance radius and the lower limit tolerance radius, or within the curvature tolerance. 
     For example, when one or two parameters are changed (such as loft angle and/or face angle), the bulge curvature may change minimally from the reference bulge curvature between the upper limit radius and the lower limit radius. This minimal change in the bulge curvature will be maintained within the area defined by the bulge curvature tolerance. In one aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance will be approximately 2.5 mm, wherein the minimal change of the bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed will be within the 2.5 mm bulge curvature tolerance for the reference bulge curvature. In another aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance will be approximately 5 mm, wherein the minimal change of the bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed will be within the 5 mm bulge curvature tolerance for the reference bulge curvature. In another aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance will be approximately 7.5 mm, wherein the minimal change of the bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed will be within the 7.5 mm bulge curvature tolerance for the reference bulge curvature. In another aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance percentage may be 1% or less from the reference bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed. In another aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance percentage may be 3% or less from the reference bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed. 
     Additionally, when one or two parameters are changed, the roll curvature may change minimally from the reference roll curvature between the upper limit radius and the lower limit radius. This minimal change in the roll curvature will be maintained within the area defined by the roll curvature tolerance. In one aspect of the invention, the roll curvature tolerance will be approximately 1 mm, wherein the minimal change of the roll curvature when one or two parameters are changed will be within the 1 mm roll curvature tolerance for the reference roll curvature. In another aspect of the invention, the roll curvature tolerance will be approximately 2 mm, wherein the minimal change of the roll curvature when one or two parameters are changed will be within the 2 mm roll curvature tolerance for the reference roll curvature. In another aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance percentage may be 0.5% or less from the reference bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed. In another aspect of the invention, the bulge curvature tolerance percentage may be 1% or less from the reference bulge curvature when one or two parameters are changed. 
       FIG. 19A  illustrates an example set of tolerance data for a given driver golf club head. The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head with a neutral club face angle and changing only the loft angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19A . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 10.5 degrees. The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to five different positions. In this given example, the available positions will be represented by different loft angles, wherein the loft angle may be adjusted to 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, and 12.5 degrees. The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Driver #1 (C1) Tolerance Levels - Loft Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Driver #1 (C1) (Data taken from FIG. 19A) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle Changes (1 variable independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 1.9 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.8% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 1.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.4% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.6 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 32.1) 2  + (y − 16.5) 2  + (z − (−69.2)) 2  = (0.6) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (32.1, 16.5, −69.2) with a radius of 0.6 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 38.5) 2  + (y − (−13.1)) 2  + (z − (−70.9)) 2  = (0.5) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (38.5, −13.1, −70.9) with a radius of 0.5 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.3) 2  + (y − (−6.6)) 2  + (z − (−99.1)) 2  = (1.3) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.3, −6.6, −99.1) with a radius of 1.3 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 306.4 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 304.4 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 2.0 
                 mm 
                 0.7% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 314.5 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 314.5 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Face Angle 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of Face Angle 
                 1.1° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head changing both the loft angle and the face angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19A . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 10.5 degrees and the nominal face angle has a neutral position of approximately 1 degree open (or a neutral face angle of 0 degrees). The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to fifteen different positions. In this given example, the loft angle may be adjusted to 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, and 12.5. In this given example, the face angle may be adjusted from the neutral position to open and closed position (adjusting the face angle approximately 1-1.5 degrees each direction). The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations (five loft adjustment positions by three face angle adjustment positions) as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Driver #1 (C1) Tolerance Levels - Loft and Face Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Driver #1 (C1) (Data taken from FIG. 19A) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle and Face Angle Changes (2 variables independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 7.3 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 3.2% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 6.5 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 2.3% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 1.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.3% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 32.3) 2  + (y − 16.5) 2  + (z − (−69.1)) 2  = (1.8) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (32.3, 16.5, −69.1) with a radius of 1.8 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 38.7) 2  + (y − (−13.1)) 2  + (z − (−70.7)) 2  = (2.0) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (38.7, −13.1, −70.7) with a radius of 2.0 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.6) 2  + (y − (−6.6) 2  + (z − (−99.0)) 2  = (2.9) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.6, −6.6, −99.0) with a radius of 2.9 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 306.4 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 304.0 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 2.4 
                 mm 
                 0.8% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 314.5 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 314.5 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 19B  illustrates an example set of tolerance data for another given driver golf club head representing a different model incorporating the above principles. The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head with a neutral club face angle and changing only the loft angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19B . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 10.5 degrees. The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to five different positions. In this given example, the available positions will be represented by different loft angles, wherein the loft angle may be adjusted to 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, and 12.5 degrees. The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Driver #2 (C2) Tolerance Levels - Loft Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Driver #2 (C2) (Data taken from FIG. 19B) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle Changes (1 variable independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 2.9 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.2% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 3.7 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.2% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.7 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 34.0) 2  + (y − 17.3) 2  + (z − (−71.6)) 2  = (1.2) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (34.0, 17.3, −71.6) with a radius of 1.2 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 39.4) 2  + (y − (−13.7)) 2  + (z − (−74.4)) 2  = (1.2) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (39.4, −13.7, −74.4) with a radius of 1.2 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 20.1) 2  + (y − (−9.0)) 2  + (z − (−100.6)) 2  = (1.8) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (20.1, −9.0, −100.6) with a radius of 1.8 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 300.5 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 298.3 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 2.2 
                 mm 
                 0.8% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 304.8 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 304.8 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Face Angle 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of Face Angle 
                 1.4° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head changing both the loft angle and the face angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19B . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 10.5 degrees and the nominal face angle has a neutral position of approximately 1 degree open (or a neutral face angle of 0 degrees). The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to fifteen different positions. In this given example, the loft angle may be adjusted to 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, and 12.5. In this given example, the face angle may be adjusted from the neutral position to open and closed positions (adjusting the face angle approximately 1-1.5 degrees in each direction). The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations (five loft adjustment positions by three face angle adjustment positions) as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Driver #2 (C2) Tolerance Levels - Loft and Face Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Driver #2 (C2) (Data taken from FIG. 19B) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle and Face Angle Changes (2 variables independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 4.7 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.9% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 6.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 2.0% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 1.1 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.3% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 34.1) 2  + (y − 17.5) 2  + (z − (−71.8)) 2  = (2.1) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (34.1, 17.5, −71.8) with a radius of 2.1 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 39.5) 2  + (y − (−13.7)) 2  + (z − (−74.3)) 2  = (2.0) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (39.5, −13.7, −74.3) with a radius of 2.0 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 20.3) 2  + (y − (−9.0)) 2  + (z − (−100.5)) 2  = (3.0) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (20.3, −9.0, −100.5) with a radius of 3.0 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 301.1 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 297.6 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 3.5 
                 mm 
                 1.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 304.8 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 304.8 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 19C  illustrates an example set of tolerance data for a given fairway wood club head, for example a three-wood. The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head with a neutral club face angle and changing only the loft angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19C . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 16 degrees. The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to five different positions. In this given example, the available positions will be represented by different loft angles, wherein the loft angle may be adjusted to 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 degrees. The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #1 (3-Wood) Tolerance Levels - Loft Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #1 (Three-wood) (Data taken from FIG. 19C) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle Changes (1 variable independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 1.2 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.4% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 1.5 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.1% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.4 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 23.6) 2  + (y − 13.5) 2  + (z − (−63.8)) 2  = (1.0) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (23.6, 13.5, −63.8) with a radius of 1.0 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 29.7) 2  + (y − (−13.4)) 2  + (z − (−69.5)) 2  = (1.1) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (29.7, −13.4, −69.5) with a radius of 1.1 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.5) 2  + (y − (13.0)) 2  + (z − (−86.3)) 2  = (1.5) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.5, 13.0, −86.3) with a radius of 1.5 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 251.4 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 248.3 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 3.1 
                 mm 
                 1.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 256.6 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 256.6 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Face Angle 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of Face Angle 
                 1.3° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head changing both the loft angle and the face angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19C . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 16 degrees and the nominal face angle has a neutral position of approximately 1 degree open (or a neutral face angle of 0 degrees). The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to fifteen different positions. In this given example, the loft angle may be adjusted to 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 degrees. In this given example, the face angle may be adjusted from the neutral position to open and closed positions (adjusting the face angle approximately 0.5-1 degrees in each direction). The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations (five loft adjustment positions by three face angle adjustment positions) as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #1 (3-Wood) Tolerance - Loft and Face Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #1 (Three-Wood) (Data taken from FIG. 19C) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle and Face Angle Changes (2 variables independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 2.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 2.3% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 2.4 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.7% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.4 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.3% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 23.7) 2  + (y − 13.5) 2  + (z − (−63.8)) 2  = (2.0) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (23.7, 13.5, −63.8) with a radius of 2.0 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 29.8) 2  + (y − (−13.4)) 2  + (z − (−69.5)) 2  = (1.8) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (29.8, −13.4, −69.5) with a radius of 1.8 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.6) 2  + (y − (13.0)) 2  + (z − (−86.2)) 2  = (2.4) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.6, 13.0, −86.2) with a radius of 2.4 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 252.4 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 248.1 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 4.3 
                 mm 
                 1.7% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 256.6 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 256.6 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 19D  illustrates an example set of tolerance data for another given fairway wood club head, for example a five-wood. The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head with a neutral club face angle and changing only the loft angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19D . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 20 degrees. The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to five different positions. In this given example, the available positions will be represented by different loft angles, wherein the loft angle may be adjusted to 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 degrees. The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #2 (5-Wood) Tolerance - Loft Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #2 (Five-wood) (Data taken from FIG. 19D) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle Changes (1 variable independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 1.3 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.9% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 1.4 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.0% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.7 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.9% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 23.9) 2  + (y − 12.6) 2  + (z − (−65.4)) 2  = (1.0) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (23.9, 12.6, −65.4) with a radius of 1.0 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 30.9) 2  + (y − (−13.5)) 2  + (z − (−70.9)) 2  = (1.1) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (30.9, −13.5, −70.9) with a radius of 1.1 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.1) 2  + (y − (−11.1)) 2  + (z − (−85.7)) 2  = (1.5) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.1, −11.1, −85.7) with a radius of 1.5 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 249.4 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 245.0 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 4.4 
                 mm 
                 1.8% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 256.9 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 256.9 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Face Angle 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of Face Angle 
                 1.3° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head changing both the loft angle and the face angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19D . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 20 degrees and the nominal face angle has a neutral position of approximately 1 degree open (or a neutral face angle of 0 degrees). The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to fifteen different positions. In this given example, the loft angle may be adjusted to 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 degrees. In this given example, the face angle may be adjusted from the neutral position to open and closed positions (adjusting the face angle approximately 0.5-1 degrees in each direction). The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations (five loft adjustment positions by three face angle adjustment positions) as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #2 (5-Wood) Tolerance - Loft and Face Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Fairway Wood #2 (Five-Wood) (Data taken from FIG. 19D) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle and Face Angle Changes (2 variables independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 2.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 2.4% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 2.3 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.6% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.4 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 24.1) 2  + (y − 12.6) 2  + (z − (−65.3)) 2  = (1.7) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (24.1, 12.6, −65.3) with a radius of 1.7 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 31.0) 2  + (y − (−13.4)) 2  + (z − (−70.7)) 2  = (1.8) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (31.0, −13.4, −70.7) with a radius of 1.8 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.3) 2  + (y − (−11.1)) 2  + (z − (−85.6)) 2  = (2.4) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.3, −11.1, −85.6) with a radius of 2.4 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 250.5 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 244.7 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 5.8 
                 mm 
                 2.4% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 256.9 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 256.9 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 19E  illustrates an example set of tolerance data for a given hybrid-type club head. The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head with a neutral club face angle and changing only the loft angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19E . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 18 degrees. The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to five different positions. In this given example, the available positions will be represented by different loft angles, wherein the loft angle may be adjusted to 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 degrees. The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5A 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Hybrid-Type Club Tolerance Levels - Loft Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Hybrid-Type Club Head (Data taken from FIG. 19E) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle Changes (1 variable independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 1.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 2.0% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 1.0 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.7% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.7 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.5% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 25.4) 2  + (y − 8.0) 2  + (z − (−71.5)) 2  = (1.2) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (25.4, 8.0, −71.5) with a radius of 1.2 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 36.6) 2  + (y − (−8.6)) 2  + (z − (−78.5)) 2  = (1.3) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (36.6, −8.6, −78.5) with a radius of 1.3 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.4) 2  + (y − (−2.7)) 2  + (z − (−90.5)) 2  = (1.6) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.4, 2.7, −90.5) with a radius of 1.6 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 306.3 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 302.1 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 4.2 
                 mm 
                 1.4% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 355.8 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 355.8 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Face Angle 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of Face Angle 
                 1.0° 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The below set of data/information is illustrated for a club head changing both the loft angle and the face angle. The below data is referenced from the table illustrated in  FIG. 19E . With this club head in a reference or base position, the reference or base loft angle is at 18 degrees and the nominal face angle has a neutral position of approximately 1 degree open (or a neutral face angle of 0 degrees). The club head may be adjusted utilizing the adjustment member to fifteen different positions. In this given example, the loft angle may be adjusted to 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 degrees. In this given example, the face angle may be adjusted from the neutral position to open and closed positions (adjusting the face angle approximately 0.5-1 degrees). The below tables represents the maximum tolerances for each of the performance parameters through each of the five various configurations (five loft adjustment positions by three face angle adjustment positions) as determined utilizing the process as described and detailed above. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Hybrid-Type Club Tolerance Levels - Loft and Face Angle Adjustment 
               
               
                 Hybrid-Type Club Head (Data taken from FIG. 19E) 
               
               
                 Loft Angle and Face Angle Changes (2 variables independently changed) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 % from 
               
               
                   
                 MOI 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 MOI - Tolerances 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the X-Axis 
                 1.4 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 2.8% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Y-Axis 
                 1.5 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 1.1% 
               
               
                 Tolerance of MOI about the Z-Axis 
                 0.9 
                 KG-mm 2   
                 0.7% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Center of Gravity Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 26.2) 2  + (y − 8.0) 2  + (z − (−72.4)) 2  = (1.9) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (26.2, 8.0, −72.4) with a radius of 1.9 mm 
               
               
                 Face Center Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 36.7) 2  + (y − (−8.6)) 2  + (z − (−78.3)) 2  = (2.2) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (36.7, −8.6, −78.3) with a radius of 2.2 mm 
               
               
                 Sole Contact Point Tolerance Sphere 
               
               
                 (x − 19.6) 2  + (y − (−2.7)) 2  + (z − (−90.4)) 2  = (2.6) 2   
               
               
                 Tolerance Sphere - located at (19.6, −2.7, −90.4) with a radius of 2.6 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Bulge Curvature 
                 307.6 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Bulge Curvature 
                 300.9 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Bulge Curvature Tolerance 
                 6.7 
                 mm 
                 2.2% 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Roll Curvature 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Maximum Roll Curvature 
                 355.8 
                 mm 
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Roll Curvature 
                 355.8 
                 mm 
               
               
                 Roll Curvature Tolerance 
                 0.0 
                 mm 
                 0.0% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIGS. 33A and 33B  illustrate an adjustable driver or club head manufactured according to the tolerance specifications presented in Tables 1A and 1B above, as well as  FIG. 19A , and designated as the C1 driver.  FIGS. 34A and 34B  illustrated another adjustable driver or club head manufactured according to the tolerance specifications presented in Tables 2A and 2B above, as well as  FIG. 19B , and designated as the C2 driver. In these specific driver club heads in accordance with this invention, when one or two parameters are changed independently of other parameters or characteristics, there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics, such as center of gravity location, face center location, sole contact point, moment of inertia, bulge curvature, and roll curvature. These driver club heads described above and illustrated in  FIGS. 33A through 34B  utilizing the adjustment member(s) as described above can replace multiple configurations or models of the same type club heads that include different designed-in loft angles and/or designed-in face angles. The driver club head illustrated in  FIGS. 33A through 34B , while utilizing the adjustment member(s), is capable of allowing a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics (such as loft angle and/or face angle), while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
       FIGS. 35A through 40  illustrate tables of test data and charts that illustrate data taken from robot testing of adjustable clubs or club heads manufactured according to the tolerance specifications presented in Tables 1A through 2B above and identified as the C1 driver and C2 driver, as well as a series of comparative example clubs having designed-in loft angles. Specifically,  FIGS. 35A through 35C  illustrate tables of test data of the C1 driver as described and detailed above in Tables 1A and 1B, while  FIGS. 38A through 38C  illustrate distance and dispersion ellipses charts of the C1 driver as described and detailed above in Tables 1A and 1B. Additionally,  FIGS. 36A through 36C  illustrate tables of test data of the C2 driver as described and detailed above in Tables 2A and 2B, while  FIGS. 39A through 39C  illustrate distance and dispersion ellipses charts of the C2 driver as described and detailed above in Tables 2A and 2B.  FIGS. 37 and 40  illustrate a table of test data and a distance and dispersion ellipses chart of comparative example driver clubs having designed-in loft angles. 
     As illustrated in the data tables and distance and dispersion ellipses charts, the example club heads according to the specifications of Tables 1A through 2B achieved performance that is consistent or superior to the comparative examples. As an example, specifically, the smash factor of the club heads according to the specifications of Tables 1A through 2B is consistent to the comparative example club heads. Additionally, as another example, the dispersion of the club heads according to the specifications of Tables 1A through 2B is consistent or better than the comparative example club heads. Additionally, as another example, the distance of the club heads according to the specifications of Tables 1A through 2B is consistent or better than the comparative example club heads. 
     Description of Example Adjustment Members 
     As was described above, the adjustment member and/or a second adjustment member allows a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. There are various methods and structures for the adjustment member and/or the second adjustment member that allows a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. Generally, the adjustment member and/or the second adjustment member may be operably associated with the club. The following methods or structures will be generally described below: 1) ball-and-socket type hosel/shaft connections; 2) rotatable hosel inserts with offset axes (either one or more sleeves); and 3) replaceable hosels, with each hosel yielding a different configuration. Other adjustment and connection methods or structures known and used in the art may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     In one aspect of the invention,  FIGS. 20A and 20B  depict an illustration of a ball-and-socket type hosel/shaft connection or a spherical releasable connection. The spherical releasable connection assembly  1204  between golf club heads and shafts in accordance with aspects of this invention may include a shaft adapter  1220 , a hosel insert  1230 , and a shaft retainer  1240 . The hosel insert  1230  may be at least partially located within an interior chamber  210  of the golf club head  202 . The shaft adapter  1220  may be releasably connected to the hosel insert  1230 . The shaft retainer  1240  may be slidably engaged along the golf club shaft  1206  and may be secured to the hosel insert  1230 , thereby securing the shaft adapter  1220  firmly against the hosel insert  1230 . 
     The golf club head  1202  may comprise an interior chamber  1210  configured to receive a hosel insert  1230 . As shown in  FIG. 20A , the interior chamber  1210  may be configured to receive a hosel insert  1230 . The hosel insert  1230  may be at least partially located within the interior chamber  1210 . The hosel insert  1230  has an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter. The outer perimeter may be configured to be engaged with the interior chamber  1210  of the golf club head  1202 . The inner perimeter may include a rotation inhibiting structure  1232 . 
     As seen in  FIGS. 20A and 20B , the illustrative shaft adapter  1220  may be hollow and may be sized to receive a free end portion of a golf shaft  1206 . Conversely, the shaft adapter  1220  may also be sized to be received within a hollow portion at the free end of a golf shaft  1206 . 
     The lower end  1224  of the shaft adapter  1220  may be defined by a spherical member. The spherical member  1224  may be configured to releasably mate with the hosel insert  1230 . As seen in  FIG. 20A , the lower end  1224  of the shaft adapter  1220  comprises a spherical member  1224  configured to mate with at least a portion of the rotation inhibiting structure  1232  of the hosel insert  1230 . 
     Additional aspects of this invention relate to the spherical member  1224  having a direction change region. Releasable golf club head/shaft connection assemblies  1204  may enable club fitters (or others) to adjust various positions and/or angles of the club head  1202  (and its ball striking face) with respect to the free end (grip) of the shaft  1206  (e.g., face angle, lie angle, loft angle, etc.), while ensuring there is substantially no change to the other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. This connection may allow the modification of the face angle, lie angle, and loft angle when the orientation of the shaft adapter  1220  is varied, while ensuring there is substantially no change to the other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. 
     In another embodiment in accordance with this invention, the adjustment member and/or the second adjustment member may include one or more rotatable hosel inserts or sleeves that allows a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. One or both of the rotatable hosel inserts may include offset axes, such that when one or more of the inserts are rotated, the effective club head configuration is changed. When the club head configuration is changed, this will generally change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables. 
     One sleeve may be attached or engaged with the shaft, while another sleeve may be attached or engaged with the hosel. Each of the sleeves may also engage with one another. In another embodiment, there may just be one sleeve attached or engaged with the shaft or one sleeve attached or engaged with the hosel. As was stated above, when one sleeve or two sleeves are rotated within the hosel assembly, either one or two parameters may be changed for the user, while ensuring there is substantially no change to the other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. 
     In another embodiment, the adjustment member and/or second adjustment member may include replaceable hosel inserts that allow a user to change one or more parameters or characteristics independently of other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. The replaceable hosel inserts, when inserted into the hosel and/or the club head, will create a certain configuration of a club head with a given set of parameters. For example, when a first replaceable hosel insert is inserted into and locked into the club head, the club head may have a set of parameters or characteristics. When a second replaceable hosel insert is inserted into and locking into the club head in place of the first replaceable hosel insert, the club head may have a different set of parameters or characteristics. Utilizing the second replaceable hosel insert may change one or more of the parameters, while ensuring there is substantially no change to the other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. A third replaceable hosel insert may also be inserted into and locking into the club head in place of the first and/or second replaceable hosel insert. Utilizing the third replaceable hosel insert may change one or more of the parameters, while ensuring there is substantially no change to the other club or club head variables, parameters, or characteristics. Multiple replaceable hosel inserts may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
       FIGS. 21A through 26  illustrate a releasable connection  104  between golf club heads and shafts in accordance with examples of this invention.  FIG. 21A  illustrates an exploded view of the releasable connection  104 . As illustrated in  FIG. 21A , this releasable connection  104  between the golf club head  102  and the shaft  106  includes a shaft adapter  200 , a hosel adapter  300 , and a hosel ring  500 . Generally, the hosel ring  500  is configured to engage a club head chamber  404  in the golf club head  102 , the hosel adapter  300  is configured to engage in the locking ring  500  and the golf club head  102 , the shaft adapter  200  is configured to engage in the hosel adapter  300 , and the shaft  106  is configured to engage the shaft adapter  200 . The details of the engagement of these example components/parts will be explained in more detail below. 
     The releasable connection  104 , as described below, includes two different sleeves, a shaft adapter  200  and a hosel adapter  300 . These two different sleeves may provide the ability to adjust two different club head parameters independently. Additionally, in accordance with aspects of this invention, one sleeve may be utilized, wherein either the shaft adapter  200  or the hosel adapter  300  may be eliminated such that only one club head parameter may be adjusted independently of the other parameters or characteristics with substantially no change (or minimal change) in the other parameters or characteristics of the golf club head. In another embodiment, one of either the shaft adapter  200  or the hosel adapter  300  may include an off-axis or angled bore and the other the shaft adapter  200  or the hosel adapter  300  may not include an off-axis or angled bore. Additionally, in accordance with aspects of this invention, the two different sleeves may be utilized with off-axis or angled bores, however they may provide the ability to adjust one club head parameter independently with substantially no change (or minimal change) in the other parameters or characteristics of the golf club head. With this embodiment, only one club head parameter may be adjusted independently of the other parameters or characteristics. For each of these adjustments, whether adjusting two different club head parameters independently or adjusting one club head parameter, there may be substantially no change (or minimal change) in the other parameters or characteristics of the golf club head. 
     In this exemplary embodiment, neither the shaft adapter  200  nor the hosel adapter  300  need to be removed from the club head  102  to rotate the shaft adapter  200  and/or hosel adapter  300  to various configurations. The shaft adapter  200  and hosel adapter  300  are captive within the releasable connection  104 . In one exemplary embodiment to achieve this captive feature, the shaft adapter  300  may include a stop ring  205 . The stop ring  205  may be in the form of a compression o-ring. The stop ring  205  may also be other mechanical features without departing from this invention, such as c-clips. This stop ring  205  allows the hosel adapter  300  to disengage from the shaft adapter  200  without being removed from the club head  102  and thereby allows the hosel adapter  300  and/or the shaft adapter  200  to be rotated without being removed from the club head  102 . Other embodiments may be contemplated without utilizing the captive feature and wherein the shaft adapter  200  and/or hosel adapter  300  may need to be removed from the club head  102  in order to rotate and/or change the configuration of the club head  102 . 
       FIGS. 21A and 21B  illustrate an exploded view of the releasable connection  104 . Generally, the hosel ring  500  is configured to engage a club head chamber  404  in the golf club head  102 , the hosel adapter  300  is configured to engage in the hosel ring  500  and the golf club head  102 , the shaft adapter  200  is configured to engage in the hosel adapter  300 , and the shaft  106  is configured to engage the shaft adapter  200 . The details of the engagement of these example components/parts will be explained in more detail below. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 22A through 22D , the shaft adapter  1200  includes a generally cylindrical body  202  having a first end  204  and an opposite second end  206 . The first end  204  defines an opening to an interior cylindrical chamber  208  for receiving the end of a golf club shaft  106 . The second end  206  includes a securing structure (e.g., a threaded hole  210  in this example structure) that assists in securely engaging the shaft adapter  200  to a club head body  102  as will be explained in more detail below. Additionally, the second end  206  includes a stop ring  205 . The stop ring  205  may extend radially from the second end  206  of the shaft adapter  200 . The stop ring  205  may be capable of stopping and holding the hosel adapter  300  engaged with the shaft adapter  200 , but thereby allowing the adjustment and rotation of the hosel adapter  300  and/or the shaft adapter  200  without being removed from the club head  102 . The stop ring  1205  may be integral to the shaft adapter  200 , i.e. formed and/or as part of the shaft adapter  200 , extending radially from the second end  206  of the shaft adapter  200 . Additionally, the stop ring  205  may be a separate compression o-ring that fits into a channel  207  that extends radially around the second end  206  of the shaft adapter  200 . The separate stop ring  205  (compression o-ring) may be rubber or a metal material. 
     As shown, at least a portion of the first end  204  of the shaft adapter  200  includes a first rotation-inhibiting structure  212 . While a variety of rotation-inhibiting structures may be provided without departing from this invention, in this example structure, the rotation-inhibiting structure  212  constitutes splines  212   a  extending along a portion of the longitudinal axis  226  of the exterior surface of the shaft adapter  200 . The splines  212   a  of the shaft adapter  200  may prevent rotation of the shaft adapter  200  with respect to the member into which it is fit (e.g., a hosel adapter, as will be explained in more detail below). A variety of rotation-inhibiting structures may be used without departing from the invention. The interaction between these splines and the hosel adapter cylindrical interior will be discussed more below. Other configurations of splines may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The first rotation-inhibiting structure  212  may extend along a length of the shaft adapter  200  such that the hosel adapter  300  can be disengaged from the first rotation-inhibiting structure  212  and be rotated while still captive on the shaft adapter  200 . 
       FIGS. 22A and 22B  further illustrate that the first end  204  of the shaft adapter  200  includes an expanded portion  214 . The expanded portion  214  provides a stop that prevents the shaft adapter  200  from extending into the hosel adapter  300  and the club head body  102  and provides a strong base for securing the shaft adapter  200  to the hosel adapter  300  and the club head body  102 . Also, the exterior shape of the first end  204  may be tapered to provide a smooth transition between the shaft  106 , the hosel adapter  300 , and the club head  102  and a conventional aesthetic appearance. 
     Other features of this example shaft adapter  200  may include an “off-axis” or angled bore hole or interior chamber  208  in which the shaft  106  is received as illustrated for example in  FIG. 22C . More specifically, in this illustrated example, the outer cylindrical surface of the shaft adapter  200  extends in a first axial direction, and the interior cylindrical surface of the bore hole  208  extends in a second axial direction that differs from the first axial direction, thereby creating a shaft adapter offset angle. In this manner, while the shaft adapter  200  exterior maintains a constant axial direction corresponding to that of the interior of the hosel adapter  300  and the openings, the shaft  106  extends away from the club head  102  and the hosel adapter  300  at a different and adjustable angle with respect to the club head  102 , the hosel adapter  300 , and the club head&#39;s ball striking face. In this given example, the shaft position and/or angle corresponds to a given face angle of the golf club head  102 . One rotational position may be neutral face, one rotational position may be open face, and one rotational position may be closed face. Other rotational positions may be utilized without departing from this invention. The shaft position and/or face angle may be adjusted, for example, by rotating the shaft adapter  200  with respect to the hosel adapter  300  and the club head hosel. 
     While any desired shaft adapter offset angle may be maintained between the first axial direction and the second axial direction, in accordance with some examples of this invention, this shaft adapter offset angle or face angle adjustment may be between 0.25 degrees and 10 degrees, and in some examples between 0.5 degrees and 8 degrees, between 0.75 degrees and 6 degrees, or even between 1 degree and 4 degrees. In more specific examples of the invention, the shaft adapter offset angle or face angle adjustment may by approximately 1.5 degrees offset or 2.0 degrees offset. 
       FIGS. 23A through 23E  illustrate an example hosel adapter  300  in accordance with this invention. As shown, the hosel adapter  300  is generally cylindrical in shape. The hosel adapter  300  has a first end  304  and an opposite second end  306 . The first end  304  defines an opening to a borehole  308  for receiving the shaft adapter  200 . Within the first end  304  and along the interior sides of the borehole  308 , the first end  304  includes a second rotation-inhibiting structure  312  configured to engage the first rotation-inhibiting structure  212  on the shaft adapter  200  (e.g., in an interlocking manner with respect to rotation). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 23C , at least a portion of the interior of the first end  304  of the hosel adapter  300  includes the second rotation-inhibiting structure  312 . While a variety of rotation-inhibiting structures may be provided without departing from this invention, in this example structure, the second rotation-inhibiting structure  312  constitutes splines  312   a  extending along the interior longitudinal axis. The splines  312   a  of the hosel adapter  300  may prevent rotation of the shaft adapter  200  with respect to the hosel adapter  300  into which it is fit (and ultimately with respect to a golf club head). The splines  312   a  of the hosel adapter  300  and the splines  212   a  of the shaft adapter  200  may be configured to interact with each other to thereby limit the number of rotations of the shaft adapter  200  within the hosel adapter  300 . This will be explained more below. 
     Other features of this example hosel adapter  300  may include an “off-axis” or angled bore hole or interior chamber  308  in which the shaft adapter  200  is received as illustrated for example in  FIG. 23C . More specifically, in this illustrated example, the outer cylindrical surface of the hosel adapter  300  extends in a first axial direction, and the interior cylindrical surface of the bore hole  308  extends in a second axial direction that differs from the first axial direction, thereby creating a hosel adapter offset angle. In this manner, while the hosel adapter  300  exterior maintains a constant axial direction corresponding to that of the interior of the club head chamber  404  and hosel ring  500  and the openings, the shaft adapter  200  (and thereby the shaft  106 ) extends away from the club head  102  at a different and adjustable angle with respect to the club head  102 , the hosel adapter  300 , and the club head&#39;s ball striking face. In this given example, the shaft position and/or angle corresponds to a given loft angle. The rotational positions for loft angle may be defined by loft angles starting from approximately 7.5 degrees to 12.5 degrees. Similar configurations of loft angles starting lower and higher may also be utilized without departing from this invention. The club head position and/or loft angle may be adjusted, for example, by rotating the hosel adapter  300  with respect to the hosel ring  500  and the club head  102 . 
     While any desired hosel adapter offset angle may be maintained between the first axial direction and the second axial direction, in accordance with some examples of this invention, this hosel adapter offset angle or face angle adjustment may be between 0.25 degrees and 10 degrees, and in some examples between 0.5 degrees and 8 degrees, between 0.75 degrees and 6 degrees, or even between 1 degree and 4 degrees. In more specific examples of the invention, the hosel adapter offset angle or face angle adjustment may by approximately 1 degree or one-half degree offset. 
     The second end  306  of the hosel adapter  300  defines a second opening  310  for receiving a securing member  408 . Generally, the second opening  310  is sized such that the securing member  408  is able to freely pass through the second opening  310  to engage the threaded hole  210  in the shaft adapter  200 . Alternatively, if desired, the securing member  408  also may engage the hosel adapter  300  at the second opening  310  (e.g., the second opening  310  may include threads that engage threads provided on the securing member  408 ). The securing member  408  may also include a spherical washer  408 A and a screw retention device  408 B. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 24B , the spherical washer  408 A may have a convex surface  430  on the side that mates or engages the head of the threaded bolt member  408 . Additionally, the head of the threaded bolt member  408  may have a concave surface  432  that mates with the convex surface  430  of the spherical washer  408 A. This convex-concave surface  430 - 432  mating assists with and allows the misalignment from the rotation of the off-axis sleeves may cause for the threaded bolt member  408  and the rest of the releasable connection  104 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 21A , the securing system may also include a screw retention device  408 B. The screw retention device  408 B may be located in the club head chamber  404 . Additionally, the screw retention device  408 B may be sized such that the screw retention device is bigger than the mounting plate  410 . The screw retention device  408 B retains the threaded bolt member  408  and not allowing the threaded bolt member  408  to fall out of the club head  102 . 
     The hosel adapter  300  may also be non-rotatable with respect to the golf club head  102 . As illustrated in  FIGS. 23A and 23B , the exterior of the first end  304  along an exterior surface  302  of the hosel adapter  300  includes a third rotation-inhibiting structure  322  configured to engage a fourth rotation-inhibiting structure  512  on a hosel ring  500  (e.g., in an interlocking manner with respect to rotation). As shown, at least a portion of the first end  304  of the hosel adapter  300  includes the third rotation-inhibiting structure  322  on the exterior surface  302  of the hosel adapter. While a variety of rotation-inhibiting structures may be provided without departing from this invention, in this example structure, the rotation-inhibiting structure  322  constitutes splines  322   a  extending along the longitudinal axis of the exterior surface of the hosel adapter  300 . The splines  322   a  on the exterior surface of the hosel adapter  300  may prevent rotation of the hosel adapter  300  with respect to the member into which it is fit (e.g., a club head or hosel ring  500 , as will be explained in more detail below). The third rotation-inhibiting structure  322  may extend along the overall longitudinal length of the hosel adapter  300 . 
       FIGS. 23A and 23B  further illustrate that the first end  304  of the hosel adapter  300  includes an expanded portion  318 . The expanded portion  318  provides a stop that prevents the hosel adapter  300  from extending into the club head body and provides a strong base for securing the hosel adapter  300  to the club head body  102 . Also, the exterior shape of the first end  304  may be tapered to provide a smooth transition between the shaft  106  and the club head  102  and a conventional aesthetic appearance. 
     The hosel adapter  300  may be made from any desired materials and from any desired number of independent parts without departing from this invention. In this illustrated example, the entire hosel adapter  300  is made as a unitary, one-piece construction from conventional materials, such as metals or metal alloys, plastics, and the like. In at least some example structures according to this invention, the hosel adapter  300  will be made from a titanium, aluminum, magnesium, steel, or other metal or metal alloy material. Additionally, the hosel adapter  300  may be made from a self-reinforced polypropylene (SRP), for example PrimoSpire® SRP. The bore and/or surface structures (e.g., splines  312   a , splines  322   a , and expanded portion  318 ) may be produced in the material in any desired manner without departing from the invention, including via production methods that are commonly known and/or used in the art, such as by drilling, tapping, machining, lathing, extruding, grinding, casting, molding, etc. The shaft adapter  200  and hosel adapter  300  and any of the other parts could be metal or plastic, or any other suitable materials in any combination. For example, the hosel adapter  300  may be a high-strength plastic while the shaft adapter  200  is made of a metal. Other combinations may be utilized without departing from the invention. 
     Exemplary hosel rings  500  are illustrated in  FIGS. 21A and 21B . As shown, the hosel ring  500  is generally cylindrical in shape. Along the interior sides of the borehole  508 , the hosel ring  500  includes a fourth rotation-inhibiting structure  512  configured to engage the third rotation-inhibiting structure  322  on the hosel adapter  300  (e.g., in an interlocking manner with respect to rotation). At least a portion of the interior of the hosel ring  500  includes the fourth rotation-inhibiting structure  512 . While a variety of rotation-inhibiting structures may be provided without departing from this invention, in this example structure, the fourth rotation-inhibiting structure  512  constitutes splines  512   a  extending along the interior longitudinal axis. The splines  512   a  of the hosel ring  500  may prevent rotation of the hosel adapter  300  with respect to the club head  102  into which it is fit. The splines  512   a  of the hosel ring  500  and the exterior splines  322   a  of the hosel adapter  300  may be configured to interact with each other to thereby limit the number of rotations of the hosel adapter  300  within the hosel ring  500 . This interaction will be explained more below. 
     The hosel ring  500  may also be non-rotatable with respect to the golf club head  102 . In an exemplary embodiment, the hosel ring  500  may secured to the club head chamber  404  by any means known and/or used in the art, such as adhesive, glue, epoxy, cement, welding, brazing, soldering, or other fusing techniques, etc.  FIG. 21A  illustrates the hosel ring  500  secured to the club head  102  in the club head chamber  404 . Additionally, the hosel ring  500  may be an integral part of the club head  102 , wherein the hosel ring  500  may be molded into the club head chamber  404 . 
     The hosel ring  500  may be made from any desired materials and from any desired number of independent parts without departing from this invention. In this illustrated example, the entire hosel ring  500  is made as a unitary, one-piece construction from conventional materials, such as metals or metal alloys, plastics, and the like. In at least some example structures according to this invention, the hosel ring  500  will be made from a titanium, aluminum, magnesium, steel, or other metal or metal alloy material. The bore and/or surface structures (e.g., splines  512   a ) may be produced in the material in any desired manner without departing from the invention, including via production methods that are commonly known and/or used in the art, such as by drilling, tapping, machining, lathing, extruding, grinding, casting, molding, etc. 
       FIGS. 24A through 26  illustrate the releasable connection  104  showing all of the components fitted together. Additionally, as illustrated in  FIGS. 21A, 21B, 24A, 25, and 26 , the releasable connection  104  may also include a shaft ring  107 . The shaft ring  107  may provide an additional smooth transition from the shaft  106  to the shaft adapter  200 . 
     The adjustment of the rotational position of the shaft adapter  200  (and the attached shaft  106 ) and hosel adapter  300  will be explained in more detail below in conjunction with  FIG. 21A . Changing the rotational position of the shaft adapter  200  with respect to the hosel adapter  300  may adjust one or more of various parameters, such as loft angle, face angle, or lie angle of the overall golf club. In the exemplary embodiment as illustrated in  FIGS. 21A-26 , changing the rotational position of the shaft adapter  200  with respect to the hosel adapter  300  may adjust the face angle. Other parameters of the club head may be designed to be adjustable, such as inset distance, offset distance, to fade bias, to draw bias, etc). Additionally, changing the rotational position of the hosel adapter  300  with respect to the hosel ring  500  and the club head  102  may adjust one or more of the various parameters of the overall golf club. In the exemplary embodiment as illustrated in  FIGS. 21A through 26 , changing the rotational position of the hosel adapter  300  with respect to the hosel ring  500  and the club head  102  may adjust the loft angle. In these specific embodiments, the shaft adapter  200  and the hosel adapter  300  have independent off-axis bores which enable them to independently adjust the face angle (shaft adapter  200 ) and the loft angle (hosel adapter  300 ). 
     To enable users to easily identify the club head&#39;s “settings” (e.g., the club head body  102  position and/or orientation with respect to the shaft  106 ), any or all of the shaft  106 , the shaft adapter  200 , hosel adapter  300 , and/or the club head  102  may include markings or indicators.  FIGS. 22A and 22B  show an indicator  220  on the shaft adapter  200  (e.g., on the expanded portion  214 ).  FIGS. 23A and 23B  show an indicator  320  on the hosel adapter  300  (e.g., on the expanded portion  318 ). By noting the relative positions of the various indicators, a club fitter or other user can readily determine and know the position of the shaft  106  with respect to the club head body  102  and its ball striking face. If desired, the indicators (e.g., indicators  220 , or  320 ) may be associated with and/or include specific quantitative information, such as a specifically identified loft angle and face angle. 
     Golf club adjustability design has generally included having mating parts and cooperating engagement surfaces allowing for specific adjustability of the golf club head  102 . However, these current designs offer many possible adjustable combinations regarding loft angles, face angles, and lie angles. While this adjustability provides some benefits to the golfers, a large number of options to the golfer can also be confusing and cumbersome to the golfer. In certain exemplary embodiments, the present design and specifically the spline configurations of the various rotation-inhibiting structures, provide a limited set of adjustability options that is more user-friendly for the golfer. For example, the adjustability may be limited to only three different adjustable loft angles and three different adjustable face angles. The loft angles may vary from 7.5 degrees to 12.5 degrees. The face angles may be generally referred to as Neutral, Open, and Closed. Therefore, each club head will have a finite number of rotatable positions, such as a total of nine different face angle and loft angle configurations. The configuration of the rotation-inhibiting structures limit the rotational positions of the shaft adapter and the hosel adapter, providing a more simple, streamlined adjustment features for the golfer. Thus from the figures and descriptions herein, the various spline configurations having engagement surfaces structured such that certain positions are allowed to provide desired adjustment while additional positions are prevented (e.g. the respective splines cannot fit together) to specifically limit the adjustability options. 
     Another exemplary option set is using four different adjustable loft angles and three different adjustable face angles, thereby creating a club head with a total of twelve different face angle and loft angle configurations. Another exemplary option set is using five different adjustable loft angles and three different adjustable face angles, thereby creating club head with a total of fifteen different face angle and loft angle configurations. Another exemplary option set is using seven different adjustable loft angles and three different adjustable face angles, thereby creating club head with a total of twenty-one different face angle and loft angle configurations. Other configurations of adjustable face angles and loft angles may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The exemplary embodiment in  FIGS. 27A and 27B  illustrates a spline configuration that allows five loft angles and three face angles of adjustability. The adjustable loft angles may include 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees, 11 degrees, and 12 degrees.  FIGS. 31A through 31E  show example loft angles for this given club head. The adjustable face angles may include Open (“0”), Neutral (“N”) and Closed (“C”).  FIGS. 32A through 32C  show example face angles for this given club head. The exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 30  illustrates a spline configuration that allows five loft angles and three face angles of adjustability. This spline configuration allows for the adjustability of loft angles that may include 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 10.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees, and 12.5 degrees. The adjustable face angles may include Open or Left (“L”), Neutral (“N”), and Closed or Right (“R”). The exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 29  illustrates a spline configuration with seven loft angles and three face angles of adjustability. This spline configuration includes adjustable loft angles that may include 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 10 degrees, 10.5 degrees, 11 degrees, and 12 degrees (not shown). The adjustable face angles may include Open (“O”), Neutral (“N”) and Closed (“C”).  FIGS. 28A through 30  illustrated other example embodiments of the adjustability options without departing from this invention. 
     It should be understood that a “Neutral” face angle may be a reference point/reference face angle and not an actual “neutral” face angle of the face or club head. For example, “Neutral” may represent a 1-degree closed face angle of the face. Using a 2-degree face angle adjustment, “Closed” would have a 3-degree closed face and “Open” would have a 1-degree open face. In another example, “Neutral” may represent a 3-degree open face angle of the face. Using a 2-degree face angle adjustment, “Closed” would have a 1-degree open face and “Open” would have a 5-degree open face. 
     The spline configuration of the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 21A-26  will be now be described to illustrate how the invention provides for and limits the rotational movement of the shaft adapter  200  and hosel adapter  300  and adjustable face angle and loft angle positions as described above. The embodiment in  FIGS. 21A-26  illustrates a three loft angle and three face angle adjustability spline configuration. The internal splines  312   a  of the hosel adapter  300  and the splines  212   a  of the shaft adapter  200  may be configured to engage with each other to thereby limit the number of rotations of the shaft adapter  200  within the hosel adapter  300 , which in turn thereby defines a concrete number of configurations for the golf club head  102 . Additionally, the splines of the hosel ring  500  and the exterior splines  322  of the hosel adapter  300  may also be configured to engage with each other to thereby limit the number of rotations of the hosel adapter  300  within the hosel ring  500 . For example, the spline configuration of the hosel ring  500  and the exterior splines  322  of the hosel adapter  300  may be limited to being rotated in three different rotational positions (e.g., three different loft angles). 
     Description of Example Methods of Assembling Golf Clubs 
     The present invention provides various methods regarding the assembly and manufacture of golf club heads and golf clubs. Methods of improved inventory management and for providing a selection of golf clubs to sellers are also disclosed. 
     Additionally, another aspect of this invention may relate to methods of assembling golf clubs using adjustment members in accordance with examples of this invention. Such methods may include: (a) providing a golf club head with at least a first base parameter (e.g., by manufacturing it, from a third party supplier, etc.); (b) producing at least one adjustment member (including the adjustment members described herein) that permits substantially independent adjustment of the first base parameter from a first base parameter value to one or more alternate values; (c) engaging (e.g., via cements or adhesives, via other fusing or mechanical fastening techniques, or in a releasable manner, etc.) the adjustment member with the head, wherein the adjustment member is operably associated with the club head and may utilize cooperating surfaces to achieve adjustment; (d) engaging a shaft and grip with the golf club head and/or the adjustment member; wherein steps (a)-(d) produce a reconfigurable first golf club that eliminates the need to provide at least one other golf club head having a second base parameter value to produce a second golf club. 
     The reconfigurable golf club may include a base loft angle (which could also be addressed as baseline loft angle or neutral loft angle). This base loft angle may include any loft angle appropriate for a particular golf club, for example a driver type golf club may have a nominal base loft angle of approximately 10.5 degrees loft angle. Other loft angles may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The method may further include changing the club loft angle from the base loft angle. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may allow a user to change the club loft angle from the base loft angle in discrete increments, for example 1 degree, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.3 degree. The adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club loft angle to 9.5 degrees or 11.5 degrees, effectively lowering or raising the loft angle by 1 degree. Additionally, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the club loft angle by up to +/−4 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. 0.3 degree, from a base or reference loft angle. For example, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the nominal base loft angle to 6.5 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 13.5 degrees, or 14.5 degrees. When the loft angle is changed, there may be substantially no change (or a minimal change) to any other parameters, variables or characteristics of the golf club head or golf club, e.g., lie angle, face angle, bulge curvature, roll curvature, face center location, club head center of gravity location, sole contact point location, moments of inertia of the club head about various axes passing through the center of gravity, etc. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may enable a user to select from at least 3 different lofts on a single club head, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     In another example, or in addition to the above example, the reconfigurable golf club may include a base face angle (which could also be addressed as baseline face angle or neutral face angle). This base face angle may include any face angle appropriate for a particular golf club, for example a driver type golf club may have a nominal base face angle of approximately 1 degree open or a neutral face angle, or 0 degrees. Other base face angles may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The method may further include changing the club face angle from the base face angle. A second adjustment member, according to examples of this invention may allow a user to change the club face angle from the base face angle in discrete increments, for example 2 degree, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.5 degree. The adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club face angle from a neutral face angle to a +2 degree open face angle or a −2 degree closed face angle, effectively lowering or raising the face angle by 2 degrees. Additionally, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the club face angle by up to +/−4 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. 0.5 degree, from the base face angle. For example, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the nominal base face angle from a neutral face angle to a +4 degree open face angle or a −4 degree closed face angle. When the face angle is changed, there may be substantially no change to any other parameters, variables or characteristics of the golf club head or golf club, e.g., lie angle, loft angle, bulge curvature, roll curvature, face center location, club head center of gravity location, sole contact point location, moments of inertia of the club head about various axes passing through the center of gravity, etc. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may enable a user to select from at least 3 different face angles on a single club head, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     In another method of manufacturing a golf club, relating to methods of assembling golf clubs using adjustment members for the distribution or sale to a retailer in accordance with examples of this invention. Such methods may include: (a) manufacturing a golf club head with at least a first base parameter; (b) producing at least one adjustment member that permits substantially independent adjustment of the first base parameter from a first base parameter value to at least two alternate configurations; (c) engaging (e.g., via cements or adhesives, via other fusing or mechanical fastening techniques, or in a releasable manner, etc.) the adjustment member with the head, wherein the adjustment member is operably associated with the club head and may utilize cooperating surfaces to achieve adjustment; (d) engaging a shaft and grip with the golf club head and/or the adjustment member; wherein steps (a)-(d) produce a reconfigurable first golf club that eliminates the need to provide at least one other golf club head having a second base parameter value to produce a second golf club. 
     For example, the reconfigurable golf club may include a base loft angle (which could also be addressed as baseline loft angle or neutral loft angle). This base loft angle may include any loft angle appropriate for a particular golf club, for example a driver type golf club may have a nominal base loft angle of approximately 10.5 degrees loft angle. Other loft angles may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The method may further include changing the club loft angle from the base loft angle. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may allow a user to change the club loft angle from the base loft angle in discrete increments, for example 1 degree, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.3 degree. The adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club loft angle to 8.5 degrees or 10.5 degrees, effectively lowering or raising the loft angle by 1 degree. Additionally, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the club loft angle by up to +/−4 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. 0.3 degree, from a reference loft angle. For example, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the nominal base loft angle to 5.5 degrees, 6.5 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 10.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees, 12.5 degrees, or 13.5 degrees. When the loft angle is changed, there may be substantially no change to any other parameters, variables or characteristics of the golf club head or golf club, e.g., lie angle, loft angle, bulge curvature, roll curvature, face center location, club head center of gravity location, sole contact point location, moments of inertia of the club head about various axes passing through the center of gravity, etc. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may enable a user to select from at least 3 different lofts on a single club head, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     In another example, or in addition to the above example, the reconfigurable golf club may include a base face angle (which could also be addressed as baseline face angle or neutral face angle). This base face angle may include any face angle appropriate for a particular golf club, for example a driver type golf club may have a nominal base face angle of approximately 1 degree open or a neutral face angle of 0 degrees. Other base face angles may be utilized without departing from this invention. 
     The method may further include changing the club face angle from the base face angle. The adjustment member may include a second adjustment member, according to examples of this invention may allow a user to change the club face angle from the base face angle in discrete increments, for example 2 degree, plus a tolerance, e.g. +/−0.5 degree. The adjustment member may therefore allow the user to change the exemplary base club face angle from a neutral face angle to a +2 degree open face angle or a −2 degree closed face angle, effectively lowering or raising the face angle by 2 degrees. Additionally, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the club face angle by up to +/−4 degrees, plus a tolerance, e.g. 0.5 degree, from the base face angle. For example, the adjustment member may allow the user to change the nominal base face angle from a neutral face angle to a +4 degree open face angle or a −4 degree closed face angle. When the face angle is changed, there may be substantially no change to any other parameters, variables or characteristics of the golf club head or golf club, e.g., lie angle, loft angle, bulge curvature, roll curvature, face center location, club head center of gravity location, sole contact point location, moments of inertia of the club head about various axes passing through the center of gravity, etc. The adjustment member according to examples of this invention may enable a user to select from at least 3 different face angles on a single club head, while ensuring there is substantially no change to other club or club head variables, parameters or characteristics. 
     Additionally, the method may include engaging a second shaft and grip with the golf club head and/or the adjustment member, wherein the second shaft and grip have different characteristics than the first shaft and grip. Additionally, the method may include engaging a third shaft and grip with the golf club head and/or the adjustment member, wherein the third shaft and grip have different characteristics than the first shaft and grip and the second shaft and grip. 
     Purchaser/Retail Methods 
     As additional example aspects of this invention, a purchaser of a golf club described herein may be provided with a comprehensive selection of options at retail, and the retailer providing the golf club may maintain a reduced amount of inventory for the proffered selection. 
     In a first example, the retailer may offer golf club heads for purchase and shaft assemblies for sale, as well as complete golf clubs.  FIGS. 35A through 36B  illustrate various prior art retail displays of golf clubs and retail display systems of golf clubs in accordance with aspects of this invention. As illustrated in  FIGS. 35A through 36B , the shaft assemblies may, for example, be offered in four different flex ratings, e.g., senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex and a single loft (e.g. a base loft of 10.5 degrees). Conventionally, a retailer would need to carry an inventory of multiple lofts, e.g., 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 10.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees and 12.5 degrees, for each shaft flex offered. For example, a retailer may wish to have on hand, at any given time, 25 units of each shaft flex and loft available for a particular golf club model to ensure adequate supply to purchasers. The retailer would therefore be required to maintain an inventory of approximately 500 conventional golf clubs (25 A-flex 8.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 A-flex 9.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 S-Flex 8.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 S-Flex 9.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 R-Flex 8.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 R-Flex 9.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 X-Flex 8.5 degree loft golf clubs, 25 X-Flex 9.5 degree loft golf clubs, etc.). By offering for sale golf clubs incorporating the principles taught herein, the retailer would only need to carry an inventory of 100 assembled golf clubs (25 A-flex with variable loft angle adjustment golf clubs, 25 R-flex with variable loft angle adjustment golf clubs, 25 S-flex with variable loft angle adjustment golf clubs, and 25 X-flex with variable loft angle adjustment golf clubs), wherein an adjustment member would allow the golf clubs to be adjusted from the base loft to the remaining lofts desired (e.g., from 10.5 degrees to 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees or 12.5 degrees) while other club or club head parameters remain substantially constant within a specified range. This reduction in inventory drastically reduces the number of golf clubs the retailer would be required to purchase to have sufficient inventory on hand at any given time, freeing up cash flow that can be invested elsewhere. Additionally, the reduced inventory would drastically reduce storage space requirements, significantly reducing overhead costs. 
     In a second example, the retailer may offer for sale unassembled golf clubs comprising golf club heads (or golf club head assemblies) and shafts (or shaft assemblies) according to the principles taught herein. The shafts (or shaft assemblies) may have four different flex ratings, e.g., senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex and the golf club heads may be provided in a single base loft (e.g. 10.5 degrees). Incorporating a similar strategy as disclosed above, but maintaining separate inventories of golf club heads and shaft assemblies, the retailer may further reduce inventory and therefore further reduce overhead costs and increase cash flow. For example, by offering for sale golf club heads and shaft assemblies incorporating the principles taught herein, the retailer would only need to carry an inventory of 100 shaft assemblies (25 A-flex, 25 R-flex, 25 S-flex, and 25 X-flex) and 25 golf club heads wherein an adjustment member would allow the golf clubs to be adjusted from the base loft to the remaining lofts desired (e.g., from 10.5 degrees to 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees or 12.5 degrees) while other club or club head parameters remain substantially constant within a specified range. 
       FIG. 41A  illustrates a prior art model of a sample selection, retail offering, or retail display  300  of a model of golf club drivers. As illustrated in  FIG. 41A , the retail display  300  includes golf club drivers with five different lofts angles  310 , that include loft angles of 8.5 degrees  311 , 9.5 degrees  312 , 10.5 degrees  313 , 11.5 degrees  314 , and 12.5 degrees  315 . Within each loft angle configuration  310 , the retail display  300  also includes golf club drivers with four different shaft flex configurations  320 , that include a shaft flex  320  of senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex. With these example configurations for a golf club model, there may be 20 different golf club heads to achieve the five different loft angle configurations  310  with four different shaft flex configurations  320 . 
       FIG. 41B  illustrates a model of a sample selection, retail offering, or retail display  350  of a model of golf club drivers in accordance with aspects of the invention. The golf club drivers illustrated and offered at the retail offering  350  illustrated in  FIG. 41B  include a golf club that includes an adjustment member that allows a user to change both the loft angle and the face angle independently of one another. Additionally the golf club head offered for sale in the retail display  350  incorporates design aspects that ensure there is substantially no changes to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters, or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters, or characteristics. As illustrated in  FIG. 41B , there are only four golf clubs offered for sale at the retail display  350 . The first golf club  352  has a shaft with a senior (A) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. The second golf club  354  has a shaft with a regular (R) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. The third golf club  356  has a shaft with a stiff (S) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. The fourth golf club  358  has a shaft with an extra stiff (X) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. 
     Each of the club heads illustrated in  FIG. 41B  may include an adjustment member that allows the golf clubs to be adjusted from the base loft angle to the remaining loft angles desired (e.g., from 10.5 degrees to 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees or 12.5 degrees) while other club or club head parameters remain substantially constant within a specified range. Therein, in accordance with aspects of this invention, the retail display  350  as illustrated in  FIG. 41B , and utilizing the golf club head and adjustment members as described in this invention, could take the place of the prior art retail display  300  as illustrated in  FIG. 41A . By utilizing aspects of this invention,  FIG. 35B  includes a retail display  350  with  16  less golf clubs than the prior art model retail display as illustrated in  FIG. 41A . 
     In another aspect of the invention,  FIG. 42A  illustrates a prior art model of a sample selection, retail offering, or retail display  400  of a model of golf club drivers. As illustrated in  FIG. 42A , the retail display  400  includes golf club drivers with five different lofts angles  410 , that include loft angles of 8.5 degrees  411 , 9.5 degrees  412 , 10.5 degrees  413 , 11.5 degrees  414 , and 12.5 degrees  415 . Within each loft angle configuration  410 , the retail display  400  also includes golf club drivers with four different shaft flex configurations  420 , that include a shaft flex  420  of senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex. Within each different loft angle configuration  410  and each different shaft flex  420 , there are three additional golf club drivers with three different face angle configurations  430 , a neutral face angle, an open face angle and a closed face angle. With these example configurations for a golf club model, there may be 60 different golf club heads to achieve the five different loft angle configurations  410  with four different shaft flex configurations  420  with three different face angle configurations  430 . 
       FIG. 42B  illustrates a model of a sample selection, retail offering, or retail display  450  of a model of golf club drivers in accordance with aspects of the invention. The golf club drivers illustrated and offered at the retail offering  450  illustrated in  FIG. 42B  include a golf club that includes an adjustment member, such as described herein, that allows a user to change both the loft angle and the face angle independently of one another. Additionally the golf club head offered for sale in the retail display  450  incorporates design aspects, such as described herein, that ensure there are substantially no changes to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters, or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters, or characteristics. As illustrated in  FIG. 42B , there are only four golf clubs offered for sale at the retail display  450 . The first golf club  452  has a shaft with a senior (A) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. The second golf club  454  has a shaft with a regular (R) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. The third golf club  456  has a shaft with a stiff (S) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. The fourth golf club  458  has a shaft with an extra stiff (X) flex and a club head and adjustment members in accordance with aspects of the invention. 
     Each of the club heads illustrated in  FIG. 42B  may include an adjustment member that allows the golf clubs to be adjusted from the base loft angle to the remaining loft angles desired (e.g., from 10.5 degrees to 8.5 degrees, 9.5 degrees, 11.5 degrees or 12.5 degrees) while other club or club head parameters remain substantially constant within a specified range. Additionally, each of the club heads may include a second adjustment member that allows the golf clubs to be adjusted from the base face angle to the remaining face angles desired (e.g., from neutral face angle to a closed face angle or an open face angle). Therein, in accordance with aspects of this invention, the retail display  450  as illustrated in  FIG. 42B , and utilizing the golf club head and adjustment members as described in this invention, could take the place of the prior art retail display  400  as illustrated in  FIG. 42A . By utilizing aspects of this invention,  FIG. 42B  includes a retail display  450  with  54  less golf clubs than the prior art model retail display as illustrated in  FIG. 42A . 
       FIG. 43  shows a flow chart  500  for a method of providing an inventory selection to a retail seller of golf clubs in accordance with an aspect of the invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 43 , the method may include one or more of the following steps: 1) providing a golf club head with a body  510 ; 2) providing an adjustment member that is configured to be operably connected to the body  520 ; 3) providing a shaft selected from a predetermined group of different shafts  530 ; and 4) assembling the golf club head with the adjustment member and with the shaft  540  to form a golf club. The adjustment member may allow a user to change a first parameter independently of the other parameters or characteristics. Similarly, the golf club head may incorporate design aspects that ensure there is substantially no change to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters, or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters, or characteristics. 
     In another aspect of the invention, the method as illustrated in  FIG. 43  for providing an inventory selection to a retail seller of golf clubs may also include providing a second adjustment member operably connected to the body. The second adjustment member may allow a user to change a second parameter independently of the other parameters or characteristics. Similarly, the golf club head may incorporate design aspects that ensure there is substantially no change to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters, or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters, or characteristics. It is understood that the second adjustment member may be incorporated with or otherwise part of the first adjustment member wherein the adjustment member is capable of independent adjusting the first parameter and the second parameter. 
     In another aspect of the invention, a manufacturer may provide a golf club retailer with three golf club types, wherein there is one golf club head for each golf club type. The golf club heads may include a driver head, a fairway wood head, and a hybrid head. Additionally, the manufacturer of the golf club heads may provide each of the golf club heads may include an adjustment member, wherein the adjustment member may allow a user to change a parameter independently of the other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters, or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters, or characteristics. Additionally, the manufacturer may offer a pre-determined number of shafts and/or shaft flexes that may include but are not limited to: a shaft flex  420  of senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex. 
     In another aspect of the invention, a retailer may provide for sale to a user three golf club types, wherein there is one golf club head for each golf club type. The golf club heads may include a driver head, a fairway wood head, and a hybrid head. Additionally, the retailer may provide each of the golf club heads with an adjustment member, wherein the adjustment member may allow a user to change a parameter independently of the other parameters or characteristics, while ensuring there is substantially no change to certain club or club head performance variables, parameters, or characteristics, and/or specified change of other performance variables, parameters, or characteristics. Additionally, the retailer may offer a pre-determined number of shafts and/or shaft flexes that may include but are not limited to: a shaft flex  420  of senior (A) flex, regular (R) flex, stiff (S) flex, or extra stiff (X) flex. 
       FIG. 44  illustrates another flow chart  600  for a method of providing golf clubs to a seller of golf clubs, such as a retail seller, and processing an order for such golf clubs in accordance with an aspect of the invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 44 , the method may generally include one or more of the following steps: 1) receiving an order for a selection of golf club heads  610 ; 2) receiving an order for a selection of shafts  620 ; 3) correlating the order for the selection of golf club heads with a quantity of reconfigurable/adjustable golf club heads  630 ; 4) generating, at a processor, a file describing the selection of reconfigurable/adjustable golf club heads and shafts  640 ; and 5) transmitting the file to a manufacturer for further order processing and fulfillment  650 . 
     Regarding the step of ordering golf club heads, a retail seller, for example, may send an order for a selection of golf club heads to a manufacturer. The order typically specifies pluralities of golf club heads of different configurations. In one exemplary embodiment, driver-type golf club heads having different loft angles are specified. The order specifies a quantity of drivers having an 8.5 degree loft angle, a quantity of drivers having a 9.5 degree loft angle, a quantity of drivers having a 10.5 degree loft angle, a quantity of drivers having an 11.5 degree loft angle, and a quantity of drivers having a 12.5 degree loft angle. It is understood that more or less loft angle configurations could be specified in the order. Regarding the step of ordering shafts, the order may specify shafts that include senior (A) flex shafts, regular (R) flex shafts, stiff (S) flex shafts, or extra stiff (X) flex shafts. 
     The order specifying the club heads is correlated with respect to the adjustable golf club head as described herein. A total quantity is determined from the individual quantities of the various lofted club heads ordered. The order is then further processed by specifying a number of adjustable golf club heads that corresponds to the total quantity determined. An identical number of adjustment members are also specified and it is understood that the adjustment members may be considered a part of the golf club head or a separate item of the order. A file is generated at a processor describing the selections of the order wherein the total quantity of adjustable golf club heads having adjustment members and shafts are specified. The file is transmitted to the manufacturer for further order processing and fulfillment of the order. 
     Thus, the seller may order a selection of golf clubs specifying individual lofted golf club heads. Instead of the order being filled with the individual lofted golf club heads specified, the order is filled with a quantity of adjustable golf club heads and adjustment members. The individual lofted golf club heads may each have a unique SKU, while the adjustable golf club head is assigned a single, universal SKU. Because of the adjustability and structures of the golf club heads, each desired quantity of lofted golf club heads is met by setting the adjustment member accordingly. It is understood that the methods described herein are applicable to other types of club heads including fairway woods, hybrids and irons. Thus, orders for specific configurations of club heads, e.g., a 3-wood, 5-wood or hybrids, can be ordered and the order fulfilled with adjustable golf club heads as described herein. It is further understood that the order may initially specify an overall total quantity of adjustable golf club heads with the understanding that the club heads can be adjusted accordingly for specific sales. Orders may also specify quantities of golf club heads specifying other parameters such as a plurality of different face angles. The adjustable golf club head could also be used to fulfill such order consistent with the description above and structures provided herein. 
     The method as illustrated in  FIG. 44  may also include one or more manufacturers of the components or parts of the golf club head shipping the components or parts to an assembly location. Furthermore, the method illustrated in  FIG. 44  may also include the assembly location then shipping the finished adjustable club heads to the retail component for further sales and distribution. 
     In the previous description of the various embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, systems, processors, and computers, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration, various embodiments of the disclosure that may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized. 
       FIG. 45A  illustrates one example of a network architecture that may be used to implement one or more illustrative aspects of the disclosure for the various methods described above. Various network nodes  702 ,  704 , and  706  may be interconnected via a wide area network (WAN)  701 , such as the Internet. In addition, various databases may be connected to each of the nodes such as database  707  operatively connected to node  704 . Other networks may also or alternatively be used, including private intranets, corporate networks, LANs, wireless networks, cellular networks, personal networks (PAN), and the like. Network  701  is for illustration purposes and may be replaced with fewer or additional computer networks. A local area network (LAN) may have one or more of any known LAN topologies and may use one or more of a variety of different protocols, such as Ethernet. Network nodes may also be devices that may be connected to one or more of the networks via twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optics, radio waves or other communication media. 
     The term “network” as used herein and depicted in the drawings refers not only to systems in which remote storage devices are coupled together via one or more communication paths, but also to stand-alone devices that may be coupled, from time to time, to such systems that have storage capability. Consequently, the term “network” includes not only a “physical network” but also a “content network,” which is comprised of the data—attributable to a single entity—which resides across all physical networks. 
     Device or components which may be attached to nodes  702 ,  704  and  706  include computers, servers, databases, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and user computers. Cellular telephones and personal digital assistants may be connected to WAN  701  via a cellular network (not shown). Those skilled in the art will realize that other network-enabled devices, such as a mobile terminal, personal video recorder, portable or fixed television, personal computer, digital camera, digital camcorder, portable audio device, portable or fixed analog or digital radio, or combinations thereof may also be connected to WAN  701  and utilized with various aspects of the disclosure. 
     Nodes  702 ,  704 , and  706  may be nodes found at a retail location such as a sporting goods store. The various devices connected to nodes  702 ,  704 , and  706  may allow for order entry by employees or customers of the retail location. In addition, nodes  702 ,  704 , and  706  may allow store employees to order additional inventory or merchandise from manufacturers. 
     Nodes  712 ,  714 , and  716  may represent nodes of an order processing center or location. The ordering processing center may receive orders from the numerous retails locations and process such orders in bulk for various retail chains or stores. Device or components which may be attached to nodes  712 ,  714 , and  716  may include computers, servers, or databases. These devices may combine orders for similar merchandise together and communicate with various manufactures via network  718  for the delivery of the merchandise. Additionally, custom products may be processed at the order processing center and forwarded directly to a particular manufacturer for order fulfillment.  FIG. 45A  illustrates one manufacturer location but those skilled in the art will realize that numerous manufacturer locations may be connected to the order processing center via network  718 . As illustrated in  FIG. 45A , each manufacturer location may include numerous nodes such as nodes  720 ,  722 , and  724  having various computing devices attached including computers, servers, and databases. 
       FIG. 45B  is illustrative of various components that may be found in the computers, servers and/or databases of the devices connected to the retail locations nodes, order processing center nodes and/or manufacturer location nodes. For example, a server connected to order process center node  712  may include a processor  802  for controlling overall operation of the order processing server. The order processing server may further include memory  804 , a network interface  806 , and input/output interfaces  808  (e.g., keyboard, mouse, display, printer, etc.). Input/output interfaces  808  may include a variety of interface units and drives for reading, writing, displaying, and/or printing data or files. Memory  804  may further include operating system software  810  for controlling overall operation of the order processing server and other application software  812  providing secondary support, and/or other functionality which may or may not be used in conjunction with aspects of the present disclosure. 
     One or more aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-usable or readable data and/or computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices as described herein. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device. The modules may be written in a source code programming language that is subsequently compiled for execution, or may be written in a scripting language such as (but not limited to) HTML or XML. The computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, RAM, etc. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. 
     The steps described previously may be implemented by one or more of the components in  FIGS. 45A and 45B  and/or other components, including other computing devices. 
     Further aspects of the invention relate to marketing, selling, manufacturing, or utilizing one or more components of the golf club as a kit. The kit, including at least an adjustment member, may be associated with instructions for constructing a golf club by choosing between one or more heads, and one or more shafts, and one or more adjustment members. Furthermore, the shaft, club head, and/or the adjustment members may be constructed as to allow adjustment of the angle or position of the shaft with respect to the club head (e.g., with respect to its ball striking face), thereby allowing for the adjustment of a loft angle (or any other parameter) while other specified parameters remain substantially constant over a specified range of 3 or more lofts. The loft angle may be adjusted by rotating, translating, or replacing golf club components. The loft angle may be adjusted by rotating golf club components about an axis that is oriented at least 45 degrees from a horizontal plane with the club head or club oriented in a reference position. Instructions for performing the adjustments and/or information detailing the characteristics of the club in relation to the adjustments may also be provided as part of one or more kits in accordance with embodiments of the invention. The selection of individual components available for each kit may enable an end user to select one shaft and one model of club head from a selection of “n” number of shafts and “x” number of models of club heads whereby the user would have at least 3*n*x different club configurations available, where the only difference between each configuration is loft angle, shaft type, and head type, while all other club and/or club head variables remain substantially unchanged in accordance with the principles taught above. 
     Benefits 
     Embodiments of this invention present many benefits to the golf industry and the different participants in the golf industry. Golf manufacturers as well as golf distributors and retail sellers of golf equipment will realize the many benefits described herein. In addition, golfers will experience benefits not previously provided by current golf equipment, systems and methods. It is understood that certain benefits will be experienced by participants across the golf industry while certain benefits may be specific to the certain participants in the golf industry. 
     First, manufacturers, distributors, and/or retailers of golf clubs will see enhanced inventory management and control with embodiments of this invention. As discussed above, embodiments of the invention describe a golf club wherein the golf club has an adjustable reference parameter, such as loft angle, that can be adjusted over an adjustment range without changing any other specified parameters of the golf club. Because of such properties of the golf club head, for example, manufacturers, distributors, and/or retailers may maintain an inventory of just one golf club head of the present invention capable of adjusting the loft angle as compared with needing multiple (as many as 5 or more) conventional golf club heads with individually different, designed-in loft angles. This reduction in inventory will drastically improve and enhance the inventory management and control systems with less inventory on hand, reduced storage space requirements, and a significant reduction in overhead costs associated with inventory management. Because only one golf club head may be required and capable of replacing multiple conventional golf club heads, the inventory management and control systems will be enhanced and improved for golf club manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. 
     Tied to the benefit of enhancing inventory management and control system, embodiments of this invention will also help to reduce the number of stock-keeping units, or SKUs. By having the need for only one golf club head with an adjustable loft angle, wherein no other characteristics or parameters of the golf club head are changed, the number of SKUs for golf club heads will be greatly decreased. For example, when using conventional golf club heads, there is a need for golf club heads with multiple loft angles, such as 8.5 degree loft, 9.5 degree loft, 10.5 degree loft, 11.5 degree loft, and 12.5 degree loft. Each club head with a different designed-in loft angle value will typically be assigned a different SKU. Conventional golf club head manufacturers, distributors, and/or retailers may need five different golf club heads for loft angle, while golf club head manufacturers, distributors, and/or retailers utilizing the embodiments of this invention may only need one golf club head with an adjustable loft angle. Utilizing a golf club head with an adjustable loft angle as is described in embodiments of the current invention may reduce the number of SKUs by approximately or at least five times. Reducing the number of SKUs due to the reduction of individual, distinct golf club heads allows for more efficient management of inventory. 
     Additionally, golf club manufacturers utilizing embodiments of this invention will realize the benefit of cost savings on club head tooling. With embodiments of this invention, golf club manufacturers no longer need separate tools for each lofted club, for example, an 8.5 degree club head tool, 9.5 degree club head tool, 10.5 degree club head etc. Utilizing a golf club head according to embodiments of this invention, one tool is only required for a base reference club head. For example, the golf club manufacturer may only need one tool for a 10.5 degree club head such as if the 10.5 degree loft was selected as a base or reference loft club. Using the golf club head having the reference loft and the adjustment member provides the other necessary lofted clubs for a full club selection of the various configurations while eliminating the need for tools for such other lofted clubs. 
     Embodiments of the present invention further enhance several aspects of the overall manufacturer research and design process. For example, golf club designers have a reduced number of individual golf club heads to separately design. For example, a single adjustable golf club head can be designed having a reference loft. Similarly for other types of clubs, a single adjustable golf club head fairway wood can be designed having a reference loft as well as a single adjustable golf club head hybrid can be designed having a reference loft. Design efforts can be more focused on the reduced number of golf club heads, e.g., a single driver, a single fairway wood and a single hybrid. This also requires a reduced amount of computer-aided design time from designers, which provides cost savings. As discussed, this also requires a reduced number of tools wherein machining time is reduced providing further cost savings. 
     As discussed, embodiments of the present invention provide for a single adjustable golf club head to replace a plurality of golf club heads having individually designed-in configurations, such as a plurality of club heads having different designed-in loft angles. Such features provides for various other benefits. For example, golf club manufacturers can more easily offer a full selection of left-handed golf clubs. Because of reduced demand for left-handed golf clubs, selection is typically limited. With the present invention, a full selection of left-handed golf clubs, including drivers fairway woods and hybrids, all having the various configurations, can now be offered. As discussed, the principles of the present invention also apply to golf club irons. Designing and providing full sets of golf club irons can now be completed with a reduced number of golf club iron heads. In addition, designing full golf club sets, e.g. woods and irons, becomes easier as a reduced number of individual head designs is required. 
     These features further lead to greater efficiencies in the sales process between golf club manufacturers and sellers of golf club equipment. Orders no longer require specific quantities of all the different golf club heads having the various individual designed-in configurations such as various different loft angles. Instead, a single adjustable golf club head at a certain quantity can be ordered that will cover all of the various different configurations. This also allows the golf club manufacturer to better forecast orders from customers. 
     Golf club manufacturers also provide golf club samples and related equipment for various types of golf club fittings for golfers. Mobile equipment vehicles often are used to fit tour professionals with custom-fitted golf clubs. Such vehicles can now be equipped with reduced amounts of equipment while providing the same amount of selection. In addition, “demo golf bags” having golf club samples are often provided to retailers for use in selling product to consumers. The demo golf bags can also be provided with a reduced amount of sample clubs while not sacrificing club selection. 
     Golf distributors and/or retailers of golf equipment also experience many benefits from the various embodiments of the present invention. As discussed with respect to golf manufacturers, retailers can also manage inventory more efficiently because multiple golf club heads are replaced with a reduced number of golf club heads capable of being adjusted as described herein. Retailers also experience a reduction of SKUs in their respective systems. This can also lead to less errors in shipping the correct models, types, configurations and overall quantities of the golf clubs. Furthermore, the ordering process becomes easier as there are lesser numbers of individual, distinct club heads that need to be part of an order and deciding the quantity for each club head be ordered becomes easier. A larger quantity of a single club head can be ordered as the club head can be adjusted to meet the different configurations for the various different types of clubs such as drivers, fairway woods, hybrids, irons and putters. This also leads to the benefit that the retailer has a reduced chance of running out of inventory for various club configurations as the single adjustable club head can fulfill the various configurations. As a result, there is a reduced chance of having significant amounts of inventory left over after a main sales season. Such leftover inventory is typically sold as clearance items at significantly reduced prices. 
     Retailers may also offer custom golf club fitting services. More flexibility is achieved by fitters using the various embodiments of the present invention. Because different types of club heads all can be adjustable, fittings can be more finely tuned to the particular golfer. Gap fitting is one particular area that can be improved using the principles of the present invention. If a golfer is seeking to replace low iron clubs (e.g., 1-4 irons), an adjustable fairway wood or adjustable hybrid as described herein can be selected based on how far the golfer hits the particular club. The golfer can hit the type of club at various lofts to fine tune or dial-in the particular distance desired. 
     Retailers also have various product displays at their locations for customers to peruse in making purchasing decisions. As described herein, because multiple golf club heads are capable of being replaced by a single golf club head, product displays are less cluttered and more visually appealing to consumers. Such displays require a smaller footprint allowing retailers to use their typically limited floor space for additional products from manufacturers. 
     Additionally, users of the golf club and golf club head in accordance with embodiments of this invention may find the added benefit of enhanced club head adjustment. For example, with a conventional golf club and golf club head, a user may purchase a 10.5 degree loft club with no other possibilities for changing the loft of the golf club, except for purchasing another golf club with a different loft angle. With a golf club with an adjustable loft angle, the user may be able to change the loft of the golf club after the user purchases the club head, allowing the user the ability to have enhanced club head adjustment. The ability to further independently adjust a second parameter such as face angle or lie angle further enhances user experience and inventory management. Such systems provide instant gratification to golfers as adjustments are easily made. Golfers also benefit from golf club fittings that can be more finely tuned for each individual golfer. The performance of the golf club head in any setting or configuration will not be compromised or negatively affected as a result of the above established consistency in performance or specified parameters. 
     Further, embodiments of the golf club system of the present invention provide a more focused and easier environment for golfers in making a golf club selection. A single base golf club head and adjustment member are initially selected while then selecting a particular shaft and grip that best suits the game of the particular golfer. Golfers need not experience any hesitation in selecting a particular lofted club since adjustments can easily be made without affecting other performance parameters of the golf club head. 
     CONCLUSION 
     While the invention has been described in detail in terms of specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and methods. Thus, the spirit and scope of the invention should be construed broadly as set forth in the appended claims.