Patent Publication Number: US-2023164676-A1

Title: Basic service set channel operation

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/055,154, filed Jul. 22, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments relate to devices operating in accordance with wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with different versions or generations of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Some embodiments relate to communicating channel configurations for extremely high throughput (EHT) operation in the 6 GHz band. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Efficient use of the resources of a wireless local-area network (WLAN) is important to provide bandwidth and acceptable response times to the users of the WLAN. However, often there are many devices trying to share the same resources and some devices may be limited by the communication protocol they use or by their hardware bandwidth. Moreover, wireless devices may need to operate with both newer protocols and with legacy device protocols, and wireless devices may need to operate with more than one frequency band. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of  FIG.  1    in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a radio IC circuitry for use in the radio architecture of  FIG.  1    in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of  FIG.  1    in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform: 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform; 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a 6 GHz operation information field, in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a management frame, in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  10    illustrates an EHT operation element, in accordance with some embodiments: 
         FIG.  11    illustrates an EHT operation information field, in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  12    illustrates the center frequencies for an operating bandwidth of 320 MHz, in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  13    illustrates the center frequencies for an operating bandwidth of 160 MHz, in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  14    illustrates the center frequencies for an operating bandwidth of 320 MHz and 80+80 MHz, in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG.  15    illustrates a method for basic service set (BSS) channel operation, in accordance with some embodiments; and 
         FIG.  16    illustrates a method for basic service set (BSS) channel operation, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims. 
     Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for ordering or scheduling location measurement reports, traffic indication maps (TIMs), and other information during SPs. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for extending TIMs. Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, and apparatus for defining SPs during beacon intervals (BI), which may be based on TWTs. 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a radio architecture  100  in accordance with some embodiments. Radio architecture  100  may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry  104 , radio IC circuitry  106  and baseband processing circuitry  108 . Radio architecture  100  as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although embodiments are not so limited. In this disclosure, “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably. 
     FEM circuitry  104  may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry  104 A and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry  104 B. The WLAN FEM circuitry  104 A may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas  101 , to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry  106 A for further processing. The BT FEM circuitry  104 B may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas  101 , to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry  106 B for further processing. FEM circuitry  104 A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry  106 A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas  101 . In addition, FEM circuitry  104 B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry  106 B for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas. In the embodiment of  FIG.  1   , although FEM  104 A and FEM  104 B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals. 
     Radio IC circuitry  106  as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry  106 A and BT radio IC circuitry  106 B. The WLAN radio IC circuitry  106 A may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry  104 A and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry  108 A. BT radio IC circuitry  106 B may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry  104 B and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry  108 B. WLAN radio IC circuitry  106 A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry  108 A and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry  104 A for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas  101 . BT radio IC circuitry  106 B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry  108 B and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry  104 B for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas  101 . In the embodiment of  FIG.  1   , although radio IC circuitries  106 A and  106 B are shown as being distinct from one another, embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals. 
     Baseband processing circuitry  108  may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry  108 A and a BT baseband processing circuitry  108 B. The WLAN baseband processing circuitry  108 A may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuitry  108 A. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry  108 A and the BT baseband circuitry  108 B may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry  106 , and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry  106 . Each of the baseband processing circuitries  108 A and  108 B may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with application processor  111  for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry  106 . 
     Referring still to  FIG.  1   , according to the shown embodiment, WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry  113  may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry  108 A and the BT baseband circuitry  108 B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence. In addition, a switch  103  may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry  104 A and the BT FEM circuitry  104 B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs. In addition, although the antennas  101  are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry  104 A and the BT FEM circuitry  104 B, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM  104 A or  104 B. 
     In some embodiments, the front-end module circuitry  104 , the radio IC circuitry  106 , and baseband processing circuitry  108  may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card  102 . In some other embodiments, the one or more antennas  101 , the FEM circuitry  104  and the radio IC circuitry  106  may be provided on a single radio card. In some other embodiments, the radio IC circuitry  106  and the baseband processing circuitry  108  may be provided on a single chip or IC, such as IC  112 . 
     In some embodiments, the wireless radio card  102  may include a WLAN radio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture  100  may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMA signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers. 
     In some of these multicarrier embodiments, radio architecture  100  may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device. In some of these embodiments, radio architecture  100  may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE 802.11ac, and/or IEEE 802.11ax standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. Radio architecture  100  may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards. 
     In some embodiments, the radio architecture  100  may be configured for high-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In these embodiments, the radio architecture  100  may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some other embodiments, the radio architecture  100  may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, as further shown in  FIG.  1   , the BT baseband circuitry  108 B may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 4.0 or Bluetooth 5.0, or any other iteration of the Bluetooth Standard. In embodiments that include BT functionality as shown for example in  FIG.  1   , the radio architecture  100  may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link. In some of the embodiments that include functionality, the radio architecture  100  may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some of these embodiments that include a BT functionality, the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG.  1   , the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card  102 , although embodiments are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete WLAN and BT radio cards 
     In some embodiments, the radio-architecture  100  may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications). 
     In some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, the radio architecture  100  may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80 MHz (160 MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). In some embodiments, a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. The scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates FEM circuitry  200  in accordance with some embodiments. The FEM circuitry  200  is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry  104 A/ 104 B ( FIG.  1   ), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable. 
     In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry  200  may include a TX/RX switch  202  to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry  200  may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry  200  may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA)  206  to amplify received RF signals  203  and provide the amplified received RF signals  207  as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry  106  ( FIG.  1   )). The transmit signal path of the circuitry  200  may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals  209  (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry  106 ), and one or more filters  212 , such as band-pass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals  215  for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas  101  ( FIG.  1   )). 
     In some dual-mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry  200  may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum. In these embodiments, the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry  200  may include a receive signal path duplexer  204  to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA  206  for each spectrum as shown. In these embodiments, the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry  200  may also include a power amplifier  210  and a filter  212 , such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer  214  to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas  101  ( FIG.  1   ). In some embodiments, BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry  200  as the one used for WLAN communications. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates radio integrated circuit (IC) circuitry  300  in accordance with some embodiments. The radio IC circuitry  300  is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry  106 A/ 106 B ( FIG.  1   ), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable. 
     In some embodiments, the radio IC circuitry  300  may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry  300  may include at least mixer circuitry  302 , such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry  306  and filter circuitry  308 . The transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry  300  may include at least filter circuitry  312  and mixer circuitry  314 , such as, for example, up-conversion mixer circuitry. Radio IC circuitry  300  may also include synthesizer circuitry  304  for synthesizing a frequency  305  for use by the mixer circuitry  302  and the mixer circuitry  314 . The mixer circuitry  302  and/or  314  may each, according to some embodiments, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality. The latter type of circuitry presents a much simpler architecture as compared with standard super-heterodyne mixer circuitries, and any flicker noise brought about by the same may be alleviated for example through the use of OFDM modulation.  FIG.  3    illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not shown, embodiments where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component. For instance, mixer circuitry  320  and/or  314  may each include one or more mixers, and filter circuitries  308  and/or  312  may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs. For example, when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers. 
     In some embodiments, mixer circuitry  302  may be configured to down-convert RF signals  207  received from the FEM circuitry  104  ( FIG.  1   ) based on the synthesized frequency  305  provided by synthesizer circuitry  304 . The amplifier circuitry  306  may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry  308  may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals  307 . Output baseband signals  307  may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry  108  ( FIG.  1   ) for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals  307  may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry  302  may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  314  may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals  311  based on the synthesized frequency  305  provided by the synthesizer circuitry  304  to generate RF output signals  209  for the FEM circuitry  104 . The baseband signals  311  may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry  108  and may be filtered by filter circuitry  312 . The filter circuitry  312  may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  302  and the mixer circuitry  314  may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer  304 . In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  302  and the mixer circuitry  314  may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  302  and the mixer circuitry  314  may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry  302  and the mixer circuitry  314  may be configured for super-heterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement. 
     Mixer circuitry  302  may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths). In such an embodiment, RF input signal  207  from  FIG.  3    may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor 
     Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety-degree time-varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (f LO ) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency  305  of synthesizer  304  ( FIG.  3   ). In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments, the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the zero and ninety-degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between start points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signals may have a 25% duty cycle and a 50% offset. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuitry (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path) may operate at a 25% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption. 
     The RF input signal  207  ( FIG.  2   ) may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry  306  ( FIG.  3   ) or to filter circuitry  308  ( FIG.  3   ). 
     In some embodiments, the output baseband signals  307  and the input baseband signals  311  may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals  307  and the input baseband signals  311  may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry. 
     In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrums not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. 
     In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry  304  may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry  304  may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. According to some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry  304  may include digital synthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components, its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuitry. In some embodiments, frequency input into synthesizer circuitry  304  may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. A divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry  108  ( FIG.  1   ) or the application processor  111  ( FIG.  1   ) depending on the desired output frequency  305 . In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor  111 . 
     In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry  304  may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency  305 , while in other embodiments, the output frequency  305  may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency  305  may be a LO frequency (f LO ). 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry  400  in accordance with some embodiments. The baseband processing circuitry  400  is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry  108  ( FIG.  1   ), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable. The baseband processing circuitry  400  may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP)  402  for processing receive baseband signals  309  provided by the radio IC circuitry  106  ( FIG.  1   ) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP)  404  for generating transmit baseband signals  311  for the radio IC circuitry  106 . The baseband processing circuitry  400  may also include control logic  406  for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry  400 . 
     In some embodiments (e.g., when analog baseband signals are exchanged between the baseband processing circuitry  400  and the radio IC circuitry  106 ), the baseband processing circuitry  400  may include ADC  410  to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry  106  to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP  402 . In these embodiments, the baseband processing circuitry  400  may also include DAC  412  to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP  404  to analog baseband signals. 
     In some embodiments that communicate OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, such as through baseband processor  108 A, the transmit baseband processor  404  may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The receive baseband processor  402  may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. In some embodiments, the receive baseband processor  402  may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble. The preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , in some embodiments, the antennas  101  ( FIG.  1   ) may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result. Antennas  101  may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited. 
     Although the radio-architecture  100  is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a WLAN 500 in accordance with some embodiments. The WLAN 500 may comprise a basis service set (BSS) that may include an access point (AP)  502 , a plurality of stations (STAs)  504 , and a plurality of legacy devices  506 . In some embodiments, the STAs  504  and/or AP  502  are configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11be extremely high throughput (EHT). In some embodiments, the STAs  504  and/or AP  520  are configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11az. In some embodiments, IEEE 802.11EHT may be termed Next Generation 802.11. 
     The AP  502  may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 to transmit and receive. The AP  502  may be a base station. The AP  502  may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol. The EHT protocol may be termed a different name in accordance with some embodiments. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA). The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique. For example, the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include space-division multiple access (SDMA) and/or multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO). There may be more than one AP  502  that is part of an extended service set (ESS). A controller (not illustrated) may store information that is common to the more than one APs  502  and may control more than one BSS, e.g., assign primary channels, colors, etc. AP  502  may be connected to the internet. 
     The legacy devices  506  may operate in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj/ay/ax, or another legacy wireless communication standard. The legacy devices  506  may be STAs or IEEE STAs. The STAs  504  may be wireless transmit and receive devices such as cellular telephone, portable electronic wireless communication devices, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as IEEE 802.11 be or another wireless protocol. 
     The AP  502  may communicate with legacy devices  506  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In example embodiments, the AP  502  may also be configured to communicate with STAs  504  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. 
     In some embodiments, a HE or EHT frames may be configurable to have the same bandwidth as a channel. The HE or EHT frame may be a physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). In some embodiments, PPDU may be an abbreviation for physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). In some embodiments, there may be different types of PPDUs that may have different fields and different physical layers and/or different media access control (MAC) layers. For example, a single user (SU) PPDU, multiple-user (MU) PPDU, extended-range (ER) SU PPDU, and/or trigger-based (TB) PPDU. In some embodiments EHT may be the same or similar as HE PPDUs. 
     The bandwidth of a channel may be 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz, 160 MHz, 160+160 MHz, 320 MHz, 320+320 MHz, 640 MHz bandwidths. In some embodiments, the bandwidth of a channel less than 20 MHz may be 1 MHz, 1.25 MHz, 2.03 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 4.06 MHz, 5 MHz and 10 MHz, or a combination thereof or another bandwidth that is less or equal to the available bandwidth may also be used. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels may be based on a number of active data subcarriers. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels is based on 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, or 2×996 active data subcarriers or tones that are spaced by 20 MHz. In some embodiments the bandwidth of the channels is 256 tones spaced by 20 MHz. In some embodiments the channels are multiple of 26 tones or a multiple of 20 MHz. In some embodiments a 20 MHz channel may comprise 242 active data subcarriers or tones, which may determine the size of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). An allocation of a bandwidth or a number of tones or subcarriers may be termed a resource unit (RU) allocation in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the 26-subcarrier RU and 52-subcarrier RU are used in the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA HE PPDU formats. In some embodiments, the 106-subcarrier RU is used in the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats. In some embodiments, the 242-subcarrier RU is used in the 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats. In some embodiments, the 484-subcarrier RU is used in the 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats. In some embodiments, the 996-subcarrier RU is used in the 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz OFDMA and MU-MIMO HE PPDU formats. 
     A HE or EHT frame may be configured for transmitting a number of spatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO and may be in accordance with OFDMA. In other embodiments, the AP  502 , STA  504 , and/or legacy device  506  may also implement different technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 1×, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, low-power BlueTooth®, or other technologies. 
     In accordance with some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, e.g, IEEE 802.11 EHT/ax embodiments, a HE AP  502  may operate as a master station which may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the medium for a transmission opportunity (TXOP). The AP  502  may transmit an EHT/HE trigger frame transmission, which may include a schedule for simultaneous UL/DL transmissions from STAs  504 . The AP  502  may transmit a time duration of the TXOP and sub-channel information. During the TXOP, STAs  504  may communicate with the AP  502  in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. This is unlike conventional WLAN communications in which devices communicate in accordance with a contention-based communication technique, rather than a multiple access technique. During the HE or EHT control period, the AP  502  may communicate with stations  504  using one or more HE or EHT frames. During the TXOP, the HE STAs  504  may operate on a sub-channel smaller than the operating range of the AP  502 . During the TXOP, legacy stations refrain from communicating. The legacy stations may need to receive the communication from the HE AP  502  to defer from communicating. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, during the TXOP the STAs  504  may contend for the wireless medium with the legacy devices  506  being excluded from contending for the wireless medium during the master-sync transmission. In some embodiments the trigger frame may indicate an UL-MU-MIMO and/or UL OFDMA TXOP. In some embodiments, the trigger frame may include a DL UL-MU-MIMO and/or DL OFDMA with a schedule indicated in a preamble portion of trigger frame. 
     In some embodiments, the multiple-access technique used during the HE or EHT TXOP may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a time-division multiple access (TDMA) technique or a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technique. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a Code division multiple access (CDMA). 
     The AP  502  may also communicate with legacy stations  506  and/or STAs  504  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In some embodiments, the AP  502  may also be configurable to communicate with STAs  504  outside the TXOP in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.11EHT/ax communication techniques, although this is not a requirement. 
     In some embodiments the STA  504  may be a “group owner” (GO) for peer-to-peer modes of operation. A wireless device may be a STA  504  or a HE AP  502 . 
     In some embodiments, the STA  504  and/or AP  502  may be configured to operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11mc. In example embodiments, the radio architecture of  FIG.  1    is configured to implement the STA  504  and/or the AP  502 . In example embodiments, the front-end module circuitry of  FIG.  2    is configured to implement the STA  504  and/or the AP  502 . In example embodiments, the radio IC circuitry of  FIG.  3    is configured to implement the STA  504  and/or the AP  502 . In example embodiments, the base-band processing circuitry of  FIG.  4    is configured to implement the STA  504  and/or the AP  502 . 
     In example embodiments, the STAs  504 , AP  502 , an apparatus of the STA  504 , and/or an apparatus of the AP  502  may include one or more of the following: the radio architecture of  FIG.  1   , the front-end module circuitry of  FIG.  2   , the radio IC circuitry of  FIG.  3   , and/or the base-band processing circuitry of  FIG.  4   . 
     In example embodiments, the radio architecture of  FIG.  1   , the front-end module circuitry of  FIG.  2   , the radio IC circuitry of  FIG.  3   , and/or the base-band processing circuitry of  FIG.  4    may be configured to perform the methods and operations/functions herein described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 - 16   . 
     In example embodiments, the STAs  504  and/or the AP  502  are configured to perform the methods and operations/functions described herein in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 - 16   . In example embodiments, an apparatus of the STA  504  and/or an apparatus of the AP  502  are configured to perform the methods and functions described herein in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 - 16   . The term Wi-Fi may refer to one or more of the IEEE 802.11 communication standards. AP and STA may refer to EHT access point and/or EHT station as well as legacy devices  506 . 
     In some embodiments, a STA  504  is an EHT STA. In some embodiments, an AP  502  is a EHT AP. In some embodiments, a HE STA or HE AP is a legacy device  506 . In some embodiments, when a STA  504  is not operating as an AP, it may be referred to as a non-AP STA or non-AP. In some embodiments, STA  504  may be referred to as either an AP STA or a non-AP. 
     In some embodiments, a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) may be a physical layer conformance procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU). In some embodiments, the AP  502  and STAs  504  may communicate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards. IEEE P802.1 be™/D1.1, June 2021, IEEE P802.11-REVmd™/D3.4, March 2020, and IEEE P802.1 lax are incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates a block diagram of an example machine  600  upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform. In alternative embodiments, the machine  600  may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine  600  may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine  600  may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine  600  may be a HE AP  502 , EVT station  504 , personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable communications device, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), other computer cluster configurations. 
     Machine (e.g., computer system)  600  may include a hardware processor  602  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory  604  and a static memory  606 , some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus)  608 . 
     Specific examples of main memory  604  include Random Access Memory (RAM), and semiconductor memory devices, which may include, in some embodiments, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers. Specific examples of static memory  606  include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. 
     The machine  600  may further include a display device  610 , an input device  612  (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device  614  (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display device  610 , input device  612  and UI navigation device  614  may be a touch screen display. The machine  600  may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., drive unit)  616 , a signal generation device  618  (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device  620 , and one or more sensors  621 , such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine  600  may include an output controller  628 , such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared(IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc.). In some embodiments the processor  602  and/or instructions  624  may comprise processing circuitry and/or transceiver circuitry. 
     The storage device  616  may include a machine readable medium  622  on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions  624  (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions  624  may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory  604 , within static memory  606 , or within the hardware processor  602  during execution thereof by the machine  600 . In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor  602 , the main memory  604 , the static memory  606 , or the storage device  616  may constitute machine readable media. 
     Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EEPROM) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. 
     While the machine readable medium  622  is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions  624 . 
     An apparatus of the machine  600  may be one or more of a hardware processor  602  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory  604  and a static memory  606 , sensors  621 , network interface device  620 , antennas  660 , a display device  610 , an input device  612 , a UI navigation device  614 , a mass storage  616 , instructions  624 , a signal generation device  618 , and an output controller  628 . The apparatus may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. The apparatus may be intended as a component of the machine  600  to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portion of one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the apparatus may include a pin or other means to receive power. In some embodiments, the apparatus may include power conditioning hardware. 
     The term “machine readable medium” may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine  600  and that cause the machine  600  to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples, machine readable media may include non-transitory machine-readable media. In some examples, machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitory propagating signal. 
     The instructions  624  may further be transmitted or received over a communications network  626  using a transmission medium via the network interface device  620  utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as Wi Max®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. 
     In an example, the network interface device  620  may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network  626 . In an example, the network interface device  620  may include one or more antennas  660  to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. In some examples, the network interface device  620  may wirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques. The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine  600 , and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. 
     Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example, circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. In an example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations. In an example, the software may reside on a machine readable medium. In an example, the software, when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations. 
     Accordingly, the term “module” is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein. Considering examples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example, where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time. 
     Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless device  700  upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies or operations) discussed herein may perform. The wireless device  700  may be a HE device or HE wireless device. The wireless device  700  may be a HE STA  504 , HE AP  502 , and/or a HE STA or HE AP. A HE STA  504 , HE AP  502 , and/or a HE AP or HE STA may include some or all of the components shown in  FIGS.  1 - 7   . The wireless device  700  may be an example machine  600  as disclosed in conjunction with  FIG.  6   . 
     The wireless device  700  may include processing circuitry  708 . The processing circuitry  708  may include a transceiver  702 , physical layer circuitry (PHY circuitry)  704 , and MAC layer circuitry (MAC circuitry)  706 , one or more of which may enable transmission and reception of signals to and from other wireless devices  700  (e.g., HE AP  502 , HE STA  504 , and/or legacy devices  506 ) using one or more antennas  712 . As an example, the PHY circuitry  704  may perform various encoding and decoding functions that may include formation of baseband signals for transmission and decoding of received signals. As another example, the transceiver  702  may perform various transmission and reception functions such as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a Radio Frequency (RF) range. 
     Accordingly, the PHY circuitry  704  and the transceiver  702  may be separate components or may be part of a combined component, e.g., processing circuitry  708 . In addition, some of the described functionality related to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by a combination that may include one, any or all of the PHY circuitry  704  the transceiver  702 , MAC circuitry  706 , memory  710 , and other components or layers. The MAC circuitry  706  may control access to the wireless medium. The wireless device  700  may also include memory  710  arranged to perform the operations described herein, e.g., some of the operations described herein may be performed by instructions stored in the memory  710 . 
     The antennas  712  (some embodiments may include only one antenna) may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas  712  may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result. 
     One or more of the memory  710 , the transceiver  702 , the PHY circuitry  704 , the MAC circuitry  706 , the antennas  712 , and/or the processing circuitry  708  may be coupled with one another. Moreover, although memory  710 , the transceiver  702 , the PHY circuitry  704 , the MAC circuitry  706 , the antennas  712  are illustrated as separate components, one or more of memory  710 , the transceiver  702 , the PHY circuitry  704 , the MAC circuitry  706 , the antennas  712  may be integrated in an electronic package or chip. 
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  700  may be a mobile device as described in conjunction with  FIG.  6   . In some embodiments the wireless device  700  may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards as described herein (e.g., as described in conjunction with  FIGS.  1 - 6   , IEEE 802.11). In some embodiments, the wireless device  700  may include one or more of the components as described in conjunction with  FIG.  6    (e.g., display device  610 , input device  612 , etc.) Although the wireless device  700  is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus of or used by the wireless device  700  may include various components of the wireless device  700  as shown in  FIG.  7    and/or components from  FIGS.  1 - 6   . Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to the wireless device  700  may be applicable to an apparatus for a wireless device  700  (e.g., HE AP  502  and/or HE STA  504 ), in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the wireless device  700  is configured to decode and/or encode signals, packets, and/or frames as described herein, e.g., PPDUs. 
     In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry  706  may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium during a contention period to receive control of the medium for a HE TXOP and encode or decode an HE PPDU. In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry  706  may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmitting power level, and a clear channel assessment level (e.g., an energy detect level). 
     The PHY circuitry  704  may be arranged to transmit signals in accordance with one or more communication standards described herein. For example, the PHY circuitry  704  may be configured to transmit a HE PPDU. The PHY circuitry  704  may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry  708  may include one or more processors. The processing circuitry  708  may be configured to perform functions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or based on special purpose circuitry. The processing circuitry  708  may include a processor such as a general purpose processor or special purpose processor. The processing circuitry  708  may implement one or more functions associated with antennas  712 , the transceiver  702 , the PHY circuitry  704 , the MAC circuitry  706 , and/or the memory  710 . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry  708  may be configured to perform one or more of the functions/operations and/or methods described herein. 
     In mmWave technology, communication between a station (e.g., the HE stations  504  of  FIG.  5    or wireless device  700 ) and an access point (e.g., the HE AP  502  of  FIG.  5    or wireless device  700 ) may use associated effective wireless channels that are highly directionally dependent. To accommodate the directionality, beamforming techniques may be utilized to radiate energy in a certain direction with certain beamwidth to communicate between two devices. The directed propagation concentrates transmitted energy toward a target device in order to compensate for significant energy loss in the channel between the two communicating devices. Using directed transmission may extend the range of the millimeter-wave communication versus utilizing the same transmitted energy in omni-directional propagation. 
     A technical problem is how to define the channel operation on the 6 GHz band for the IEEE 802.11EHT. In some embodiments, the technical is addressed by not permitting 80+80 PPDUs (or channels) or 160+160 MHz PPDUs (or channels) for EHT PPDUs because noncontiguous PPDUs transmission (PHY aggregation) is very similar to what multi-link provides with MAC aggregation, and the multi-link may be a more efficient use of the spectrum. Further multi-link transmission can provide multiple channel access, which provides a better gain for PHY aggregation. Additionally, the problem is addressed with different ways of signaling the center frequencies of the bandwidth used in EHT and by coordinating the bandwidth in EHT with the bandwidth used in legacy (non-EHT) BSSes such as only permitting operating bandwidths of non-EHT BSSes to be within the operating bandwidth of EHTs and to be contiguous. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a 6 GHz operation information field  800 , in accordance with some embodiments.  FIG.  8    illustrates octets  802 , primary channel  804  field, control  806  field, channel center frequency segment 0  808  field, channel center frequency segment 1  810  field, and minimum rate  812  field. The control  806  field includes a channel width  816  field, a duplicate beacon  818  subfield, a regulatory information  820  subfield, and a reserved  822  subfield. Bits  814  indicates the number of bits in the fields and subfields, in accordance with some embodiments. The 6 GHz operation information field  800  indicates channel and bandwidth information for 6 GHz operation. The primary channel  804  field indicates a channel number of the primary channel. The duplicate beacon  818  field indicates a beacon frame format. The regulatory information  808  subfield indicates information related to regulatory rules specific to the country of the BSS. 
     The channel center frequency segment 0  808  field indicates the channel center frequency index for 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz channel on which the BSS operates. If the BSS channel width is 80+80 MHz or 160 MHz, then the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0  808  field indicates the channel center frequency index of the primary 80 MHz. The Channel Center Frequency Segment 1  810  field indicates the channel center frequency index of the 160 MHz channel on which the BSS operates in the 6 GHz band. If the channel width is 80+80 MHz then the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field indicates the channel center frequency index of the secondary 80 MHz. The minimum rate  810  field indicates the minimum rate, that non-AP STAs, e.g., STAs  504 , are allowed to use for sending PPDUs. The 6 GHz operation information field  800  is associated with a version of a communication standard such as IEEE 802.11 ax or another communication standard. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates a management frame  900 , in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in  FIG.  9    is frame control  902  field, duration 904 field, address 1  906  field, address 2  908  field, address 3  910  field, sequence control  912  field, HT control  914  field, frame body  916  field, FCS  918  field, octets  920 , and operation information field  922 . The frame body  916  includes a beacon frame, in accordance with some embodiments. The frame body  916  includes one or more operation information fields  922  such as 6 GHz operation information field  800  or EHT operation element  900 , in accordance with some embodiments. 
       FIG.  10    illustrates an EHT operation element  1000 , in accordance with some embodiments. The EHT operation element  1000  includes an element identification (ID)  1002  field, length  1004  field, element ID extension  1006  field, and EHT operation information  1008  field. The element ID  1002  indicates an element ID. The length  1004  field indicates a length of the EHT operation element  1000 . The element ID extension  1006  field combined with the element ID  1002  identifies the EHT operation element  1000 . The octets  1010  indicate a number of octets of the fields. The EHT operation information  1008  field indicates X octets to indicate that the number of octets may be variable or the number of octets may be a fixed number such as a number from  1  to  10 . 
       FIG.  11    illustrates an EHT operation information  1008  field, in accordance with some embodiments. The EHT operation information  1008  field includes a primary channel  1104  field, a control  1106  field, a channel center frequency segment 0  1108  field, channel center frequency segment 1  1110  field, and a minimum rate  1112  field. One or more of the fields is optional. The EHT STA obtains the channel configuration information from the EHT operation information element  1000  if operating in the 6 GHz band. Additionally, in some embodiments, the AP  502  and STA  504  are configured to combine the information from one or more operation information fields. For example, an AP  502  and STA  504  may use the minimum rate indicate in the minimum rate  812  field for the minimum rate for EHT operation in the 6 GHz band. 
     In some embodiments there is only one channel center frequency segment field, which may be termed a channel center frequency. The control  1106  field includes a channel width  1116  field, a duplicate beacon  1118  field, a regulatory information (info)  1120  field, and a reserved  1122  field. The channel width  1116  indicates a width of the 6 GHz channel to be used. The duplicate beacon  1118  field, the regulatory information (info)  1120  field, and the reserved  1122  field may be the same or similar as disclosed in conjunction with  FIG.  8   . 
     In some embodiments the channel width  1116  field indicates only a contiguous band of the 6 GHz band. The channel width  1116  field indicates the EHT BSS bandwidth. In some embodiments the channel width  1116  field is defined as disclosed in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Channel Bandwidth 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Bit value 
                 EHT BSS Bandwidth 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 80 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 160 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 320 
               
               
                   
                 Reserved 
                 240, 640, and other values 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, 80+80 and 160+160 BSS configurations are not permitted for EHT BSS in 6 GHz or 2.4/5 GHz. In some embodiments IEEE 802.11 be BSS configurations are without noncontiguous segments. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) indicates that usage of 6 GHz band that under a standard power automated frequency controller (AFC), certain 20 MHz maybe restricted for usage after checking the database. 
     Table 2 indicates how the value indicated by channel center frequency segment (CCFS) 0  1108  field and channel center frequency segment 1  1110  field may be set based on the value indicated by the channel width  1116  field where column EHT CCFS is the case where there is only one CCFS. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 EHT CCFS 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 (only one 
               
               
                   
                 Channel Width 
                 EHT CCFS0 
                 EHT CCFS1 
                 CCFS) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 20 
                 Center of 20 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 Center of 40 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 Center of 80 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 160/80 + 80 
                 Center of 
                 Center of 160 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 primary 80 
                 or secondary 80 
               
               
                   
                 240/160 + 80/80 + 160 
                 Center of 
                 Center of 
                 Center of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 primary 80 
                 primary 160 
                 third 80 MHz 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (240/160 + 80) 
                 (240/160 + 80) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Center of 
                 Option 1: 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 secondary 80 
                 Center of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (80 + 160) 
                 secondary 80 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and third 80 MHz 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 (80 + 160) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Option 2: 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Center of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 third 80 MHz 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 (80 + 160) 
               
               
                   
                 320/160 + 160 
                 Center of 
                 Center of 
                 Center of 320 
               
               
                   
                   
                 primary 80 
                 primary 160 
                 or secondary 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 160 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, the channel width indicated in the channel width  816  field for legacy BSSs (non-EHT) is different than channel width indicated by the channel width  1116  field for EHT BSSs. In an EHT BSS only a contiguous segment is indicated, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     Table 3 indicates the value indicated by the CCFS when there is only one CCFS rather than the two CCFS segment 0  1108  field and CCFS segment 1  1110  field, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Determined by EHT 
               
               
                 Channel Width 
                 EHT CCFS 
                 STA and/or EHT AP 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 20 
                 Center of 20 MHz 
                   
               
               
                 40 
                 Center of 40 MHz 
               
               
                 80 
                 Center of 80 MHz 
               
               
                 160 
                 Center of 160 MHz 
                 Center of primary 80 MHz 
               
               
                 320 
                 Center of 320 MHz 
                 Center of primary 80 MHz 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Center of primary 160 MHz 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 4 indicates the values indicated CCFS segment 0  1108  field and CCFS segment 1  1110  field when there are two CCFSs, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Determined by 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 EHT STA 
               
               
                 Channel Width 
                 EHT CCFS 0 
                 EHT CCFS 1 
                 and/or EHT AP 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 20 
                 Center of 20 MHz 
                 0 
                   
               
               
                 40 
                 Center of 40 MHz 
                 0 
               
               
                 80 
                 Center of 80 MHz 
                 0 
               
               
                 160 
                 Center of 80 MHz 
                 Center of 160 MHz 
               
               
                 320 
                 Center of 160 MHz 
                 Center of 320 MHz 
                 Primary 80 MHz 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, Table 4 is used for the indication of the HE operation element in 6 GHz band up to a bandwidth of 160 MHz, so the implementation up to a bandwidth of 160 MHz can be the same for both EHT and HE operation elements for determining the values of EHT CCFS 1, EHT CCFS 2, HE CCFS 1, and HE CCFS 2. 
     An EHT STA, e.g., STA  504 , that supports only a 160 MHz bandwidth EHT BSS is configured to decode an indication of 320 MHz properly set corresponding CCFS or CCFSs, in accordance with some embodiments. An EHT STA that supports only 80 MHz bandwidth EHT BSS is configured to decode an indication of 160 MHz and 320 MHz and properly set a corresponding CCFS or CCFSs, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the indicated EHT BSS configuration covers the BSS configuration indicated by HE operation element in 2.4/5/6 GHz band where the 2.4/5 bands are ignored because all that is needed is an indication that the 2.4/5 bands are noncontiguous. In some embodiments, the bandwidth indicated by channel width  816  is contiguous when there is also an EHT operation element  1000 . This excludes configurations such as 80+80 MHz (channel bandwidth  816  field) to legacy STAs and 320 MHz (channel width  1116  field) to EHT STAs. 
     In 2.4 or 5 GHz band, if the EHT BSS (channel bandwidth  1116  field) indicates 320 MHz, then the legacy indication (channel bandwidth  816  field) is 160 MHz where 2.4/5 bands are ignored because all that is needed is a noncontiguous indication. In 6 GHz, legacy BSS indication (bandwidth  816  field) is may be smaller than EHT BSS (channel bandwidth  1116  field) independent of the BSS operating bandwidth indicated for EHT BSS, in accordance with some embodiments. 
     In 2.4/5 GHz, if EHT BSS indicates 320 MHz (channel bandwidth  1116  field), then the legacy BSS indicates 160 MHz, 80 MHz, 40 MHz, or 20 MHz (channel bandwidth  816  field). In 2.4/5 GHz, if the EHT operation information  1008  indicates an operating bandwidth (channel bandwidth  1116  field) less than 320 MHz, then the legacy BSS indicates the same BSS operating bandwidth. The 2.4/5 GHz bands use the channel bandwidth  1116  field indication (or separate indication in different operating fields) so that the EHT STA can access just one indication across the bands. 
       FIG.  12    illustrates the center frequencies  1200  for an operating bandwidth of 320 MHz, in accordance with some embodiments. The primary 20 MHz channel  1202  and the primary 80 MHz channel may be located in a different place. The channel center frequency segment 0  1108  field and channel center frequency segment 1  1110  field (or channel center frequency segment when there is only one CCFS) may be set to indicate values as disclosed in Table 2, 3, and 4 and herein. 
     For example, if there is only one CCFS, then according to Table 2 it is set to the center of 320  1212  or center of secondary 160 MHz  1214  (Table 2) or only the center of 320  1212  (Table 3). If there are two CCFSs, then channel center frequency segment 0  1108  field and channel center frequency segment 1  1110  field are set to center of primary 80  1206  and center of primary 160  1208  (Table 2), or center of primary 160  1208  and center of 320  1212  (Table 4). The center of primary 20  1204  may be determined by the EHT STA. Secondary 80 MHz  1210  and secondary 160 MHz  1214  are illustrated in  FIG.  12   . 
       FIG.  13    illustrates the center frequencies  1300  for an operating bandwidth of 160 MHz, in accordance with some embodiments. The primary 20  1302 , secondary 80 MHz  1304 , center of primary 20  1306 , center of primary 80  1308 , and center of primary 160  1310  are illustrated. The channel bandwidth  816  is 160 MHz. The channel center frequency segment 0  1108  field and channel center frequency segment 1  1110  field (or channel center frequency segment when there is only one CCFS) may be set to indicate values as disclosed in Table 2, 3, and 4, and as disclosed herein. The EHT STA may determine centers as disclosed in Table 2, 3, and 4, and as disclosed herein. 
       FIG.  14    illustrates the center frequencies  1400  for an operating bandwidth of 320 MHz and 80+80 MHz, in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in  FIG.  14    is center of primary 80  1402  (for legacy HE), 80+80 MHz for legacy HE  1404 , center of secondary 80  1406  (for legacy HE), secondary 80 MHz  1408 , primary 20  1410 , center of primary 160  1412 , center of primary 20  1414 , center of 320  1416 , and secondary 160 MHz  1418 . The channel center frequency segment 0  1108  field and channel center frequency segment 1  1110  field (or channel center frequency segment when there is only one CCFS) may be set to indicate values as disclosed in Table 2, 3, and 4, and as disclosed herein for both the legacy HE and EHT. The EHT STA may determine centers as disclosed in Table 2, 3, and 4, and as disclosed herein. 
     The method  1900  may be performed by an apparatus of a QoS STA, STA, non-AP of a non-AP MLD or an apparatus of a non-AP MLD. Method  1900  may be performed by an MLD or a combination of a non-AP or AP affiliated with the MLD. The method  1900  may include one or more additional instructions. The method  1900  may be performed in a different order. One or more of the operations of method  1900  may be optional. 
       FIG.  15    illustrates a method  1500  for basic service set (BSS) channel operation, in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1500  begins at operation  1502  with decoding a first frame, the first frame comprising an EHT operation information field, the EHT operation information field comprising a channel width subfield and a channel center frequency segment, the channel width subfield indicating a BSS contiguous channel width, and the channel center frequency segment indicating a channel center frequency for the BSS channel width on which the BSS operates in 6 GHz. For example, a non-AP EHT STA, e.g., STA  504 , may decode EHT operation element  1000 , which may be included in a management frame  900  such as in an operation information field  922 , where the EHT operation element  1000  includes EHT operation information  1008  that includes channel width  1116  and one or more CCFSs such as CCFS 0  1108  and CCFS 1  1110 . 
     The method  1500  continues, operationally, at operation  1504  with encoding for transmission a second frame for transmission on a primary channel within the BSS channel width. For example, the non-AP EHT STA, e.g., STA  504 , may encode a PPDU as disclosed herein in accordance with the EHT operation information  1008 . 
     The method  1500  may include one or more additional operations. One or more operations of the method  1500  may be optional. The method  1500  may be performed by an apparatus of an AP  502 , an AP  502 , an apparatus of a STA  504 , or a STA  504 . 
       FIG.  16    illustrates a method  1600  for basic service set (BSS) channel operation, in accordance with some embodiments. The method  1600  begins at operation  1602  with encoding a first frame, the first frame comprising an EHT operation information field, the EHT operation information field comprising a channel width subfield and a channel center frequency segment, the channel width subfield indicating a BSS contiguous channel width, and the channel center frequency segment indicating a channel center frequency index for the BSS channel width on which the BSS operates in 6 GHz. For example, an EHT AP  502  may encode EHT operation element  1000 , which may be included in a management frame  900  such as in an operation information field  922 , where the EHT operation element  1000  includes EHT operation information  1008  that includes channel width  1116  and one or more CCFSs such as CCFS 0  1108  and CCFS 1  1110 . 
     The method  1600  continues at operation  1604  with configuring the AP to transmit the first frame. For example, an apparatus of an AP  502  may configure the AP  502  to transmit the first frame, which may be a PPDU such as management frame  900 . 
     The method  1600  may include one or more additional operations. One or more operations of the method  1600  may be optional. The method  1600  may be performed by an apparatus of an AP  502 , an AP  502 , an apparatus of a STA  504 , or a STA  504 . 
     The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.