Patent Publication Number: US-7901619-B2

Title: Suspension for reducing odors

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage patent application of International patent application PCT/EP06/062376, filed on May 17, 2006, which claims priority to German patent application DE 102005023857.2, filed on May 24, 2005. 
     The present invention relates to a suspension and also to methods and use of such a suspension for odor reduction. 
     Odors, in particular what are termed bad odors, are in particular a problem in daily life. 
     In particular in the case of what are termed bad odors, humans are adversely affected by perception via their sense of smell. 
     This can frequently be reduced or reversed by using odor-forming substances which are generally perceived as good-smelling by humans. By this means, the bad odor is to be suppressed. 
     Frequently, the odor perceived by humans is caused by odor substances which, independently of the subjective odor perception, are harmful for the human organism. In this case, the use of “good-smelling” substances does not decrease the problematic presence of substances harmful to health. 
     A further possibility is to eliminate the odor produced by odor substances by the odor substances being chemically decomposed, for example by enzymes. 
     An alternative possibility is to decrease odors by the odor-causing odor substances being sorbed to certain materials. These sorbents, usually diluted, can be brought to the desired point of action by atomizers. 
     One such sorbent known in the prior art is cyclodextrin. 
     A disadvantage of the prior art sorbents or solutions, or suspensions or emulsions in which the sorbents are present, is their sometimes low efficiency for reducing the undesired odor. 
     There is therefore a requirement to provide alternatives to the prior art solutions or suspensions, in particular for the atomization. 
     The object of the present invention is thus to provide alternative suspensions and also method for reducing odor, wherein the sorbent present in the suspension is to have improved properties compared with those of the prior art. 
     The object is achieved by a suspension for odor reduction comprising a porous metal-organic framework material in a liquid, the framework material comprising at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion. 
     The object is likewise achieved by a method for odor reduction comprising the step of
         contacting a gas comprising the odor, or an odor adhering to the surface of an article or to an organism with a suspension.       

     This is because it has been found that by using a porous metal-organic framework material as described above, an efficient reduction of odor can take place. 
     The singular and also the plural of the term “odor” is used synonymously in the context of the present invention. In this case the term odor is any sensation potentially perceivable by the human sense of smell which can be generated by one or more odor substances. 
     In this context the term “potentially” means that the odor substance or the odor substances which generate an odor, in the context of the present invention, need not be present at a concentration which makes possible perception via the human sense of smell. According to the invention, the mere presence of such an odor substance or such odor substances is thus sufficient. 
     Preferably, however, the odor substance or the odor substances are present at a concentration which is perceivable by the average human sense of smell. 
     The concentration of the framework material in the suspension is preferably in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the suspension. Further preferably, the concentration is in the range from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the suspension. 
     In the case of the liquid required for production of the suspension, use can be made of any liquids, provided that this liquid is suitable for suspending the framework material without this being chemically decomposed by the liquid. 
     Suitable liquids are, for example, those which comprise alcohols or water. In particular, preference is given to water as liquid. 
     Further preference is given to liquids which enable easy atomization of the suspension formed together with the framework material. 
     By means of the atomization, a particularly preferred and efficient distribution of the suspension, in particular by fine droplet formation, can be achieved. 
     Accordingly, the present invention further relates to an atomizer comprising an inventive suspension. 
     In this case, commercially conventional atomizers can be used. 
     The inventive suspension can comprise further chemical substances. In this case, for example odor substances may be mentioned which cause an odor perceived as pleasant by humans. Such substances are frequently also termed fragrances or scents. 
     As already discussed above, the present invention also relates to a method for odor reduction. Advantageously, the reduction is performed to an extent so great that the odor-producing odor substance or the odor substances are no longer perceived by the average human sense of smell, i.e. the odor is removed. 
     The odor can be odors of daily life, or else comprise the most varied odors which can occur in the most varied applications. Those which may be mentioned by way of example are kitchen odor, sweat odor, incontinence odor, food odor, for example alcohol or fish odor, toilet odor, or odor which is caused by tobacco smoke, for example cigarette smoke. 
     It is known to those skilled in the art that the most varied odors can be reduced in the context of the present invention. 
     The odor can adhere to an organism. The organism can be a human or an animal, for example a dog or a cat. Contacting the organism with the suspension can be performed by the means that those or the affected body parts are uniformly rubbed with the suspension, or, the suspension is applied using an atomizer, for example. The inventive suspension can then be removed again, for example by washing. 
     Furthermore, the odor can adhere to the surface of an article. In this case, the terms “surface” and also “article” are to be interpreted very broadly. In the context of the present invention, in particular, adhesion to a surface of an article is always the case when the odor substances generating the odor, or the generating odor substance, can be brought into contact with the suspension. 
     Articles can be of the most varied nature and originate, for example, from daily life. those which may be mentioned here, by way of example, are woven fabrics and materials, for example clothes, upholstered furniture, curtains or blankets, furniture made of wood, plastic or another material, glass surfaces such as windows, wallpapers, walls and ceilings, floors, carpets or the like. 
     The affected surfaces can be moistened, for example using an inventive atomizer using the inventive suspension. To remove the suspension, this can be washed or wiped off. Also, under some circumstances, the suspension&#39;s remaining on the surface can be suitable. 
     In addition, it is possible first to apply the suspension to a suspension carrier which does not have adhering odor, or to impregnate this with the suspension and then to bring into contact with the inventive suspension the surface of an article with adhering odor, or the organism, using this carrier. Such a carrier can be, for example, a conventional cloth or the like. For the case of an odor-burdened gas such as air, likewise such a carrier can be used. Suitable items here are, for example, filters, as are used in a varied manner. For instance, kitchen odors can be reduced according to the invention, for example by filters present in steam exhaust hoods. 
     In addition, the odor reduction may likewise relate to a gas in which the odor substance or the odor substances which generate the odor are present. 
     In the context of the present invention, for simplicity the term “gas” is also used when this relates to gas mixtures, for example air. In the case of the relevant gases, it is merely necessary that these are in the gaseous state on contacting with the suspension. 
     Preferably, the gas has a boiling point or boiling range which is below room temperature. However, it is also possible that higher-boiling fluid systems are used if these are released, for example, as off-gases at elevated temperature and come into contact with the inventive suspension before their condensation. 
     Preferably, the gas is natural gas, biogas, off-gas, air, exhaust air or inert gas. More preference is given to natural gas, biogas, air and exhaust air. In particular preference is given to biogas, air and exhaust air. Very particular preference is given to air. 
     The gas can be present in open, or at least partially closed, systems. In particular in the case of natural gas and biogas, these can be pipes, pipelines, tank containers, transport containers or natural gas containers, as are used, for example, for storage in the ground or as tanks for motor vehicles. In the case of off-gases, these are preferably industrial off-gases or those off-gases as arise in combustion processes (for example in internal combustion engines). In addition, preferably the gas is indoor air in buildings or rooms as in living rooms and dining rooms, or in particular in kitchens. The internal air in means of locomotion such as automobiles, trucks, trains or ships may be mentioned here. Likewise, the internal air in appliances, for example dishwashing machines, may be mentioned. 
     In this case the gas which the odor substance or the odor substances which generate the odor can likewise be brought into contact by atomizing the suspension. In addition to the treatment of the gases themselves, the systems in contact with the gases, such as the surfaces of the inner walls of the abovementioned pipes, pipelines, tank containers, transport containers or natural gas containers can also be brought into contact with the inventive suspension. 
     In particular in the cases in which the gas is natural gas, air, exhaust air or inert gas, the odor substance can originally be a constituent of a liquid (for example water or petroleum) or solid medium which then transfers into the phase of the gas situated above the liquid or solid surface and then is removed from this. For example, the gas can be a gas within packaging (ambient gas) of solid articles which in the course of time release odor substances within the package to the ambient gas. In this case the ambient gas is air or inert gas. A further example is that of polymers in which monomers which were not reacted in the production of the polymers, but are still remaining in the polymer and in the course of time are being released to the ambient gas, for example the internal air, and are the odor substances to be separated off. Likewise, further highly volatile components may be present in the polymer which can be released to the ambient gas. In this case, for example, initiators or stabilizers and other additives may be mentioned. A survey of such components is given in Plastics Additive Handbook, Hans Zweifel, Hanser Verlag, Munich (ISBN 3-446-21654-5). In this case also, alternatively or additionally to contacting the gas with the inventive suspension, the surface of the articles can be treated with the inventive suspension. 
     The odor substance or the odor substances which generate the odor can be present in the gas in dissolved form, or be themselves gaseous and thus be a “constituent” of a gas mixture. In the context of the present invention, the term “odor substance” is likewise used for simplification, even when it is a mixture of a plurality of odor substances. Odor substances in this case are substances which can be perceived via the human sense of smell. 
     Preferably, the odor substance is a volatile organic or inorganic compound which comprises at least one of the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, or is an unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon or a saturated or unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. More preferred elements are nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, bromine; in particular preference is given to nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. 
     In particular, the odor substance is ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, cyclic or acyclic amines, thiols, thioethers and also aldehydes, ketones, esters, ether acids or alcohols. Particular preference is given to ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, organic acids (preferably acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, heptylic acid, lauric acid, perlargonic acid) and also cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbons which comprise nitrogen or sulfur, and also saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, such as hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, octenal or nonenal and, in particular, volatile aldehydes such as butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde and furthermore power fuels such as gasoline, diesel (ingredients). 
     The odor substances can also be fragrances which are used, for example for producing perfumes. Fragrances or oils which release such fragrances which may be mentioned by way of example are: essential oils, basil oil, geranium oil, mint oil, cananga oil, cardamom oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, muscat oil, camomile oil, eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, lemon oil, lime oil, orange oil, bergamot oil, clary oil, coriander oil, cypress oil, 1,1-dimethoxy-2-pherylethane, 2,4-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyltetrahydrobenzaldehyde, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol, 1,2-diethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene, phenylacetaldehyde, rose oxide, ethyl 2-methylpentanoate, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one, ethylvanillin, 2,6-dimethyl-2-octenol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-octenol, tert-butyl cyclohexylacetate, anisyl acetates, allyl cyclohexyloxyacetate, ethyllinalool, eugenol, coumarin, ethyl acetoacetate, 4-phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methylene-3,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2-heptanone, ethyl tetrahydrosafranate, geranylnitrile, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl methyl carbonates, 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-al, 4-(tricyclo[5.2.1.0]decylidene)-8-butanal, 5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-3-methylpentan-2-ol, p-tert-butyl-alpha-methylhydrocimmaldehyde, ethyl [5.2.1.0]tricyclodecanecarboxylate, geraniol, citronellol, citral, linalool, linalyl acetate, ionones, phenylethanol or mixtures thereof. 
     In the context of the present invention, a volatile odor substance preferably has a boiling point or boiling range of below 300° C. More preferably, the odor substance is a highly volatile compound or mixture. In particular preferably, the odor substance has a boiling point or boiling range of below 250° C., more preferably below 230° C., in particular preferably below 200° C. 
     Preference is likewise given to odor substances which have a high volatility. The vapor pressure can be used as index of the volatility. In the context of the present invention, a volatile odor substance preferably has a vapor pressure of greater than 0.001 kPa (20° C.). More preferably, the odor substance is a highly volatile compound or mixture. In particular preferably, the odor substance has a vapor pressure of greater than 0.01 kPa (20° C.), more preferably a vapor pressure of greater than 0.05 kPa (20° C.). Particularly preferably, the odor substances have a vapor pressure of greater than 0.1 kPa (20° C.). 
     The porous metal-organic framework material which is present in the inventive suspension comprises at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion. This metal-organic framework material (MOF) is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,508, EP-A-0 790 253, M. O-Keeffe et al., J. Sol. State Chem., 152 (2000), pages 3 to 20, H. Li et al., Nature 402, (1999), page 276, M. Eddaoudi et al., Topics in Catalysis 9, (1999), pages 105 to 111, B. Chen et al., Science 291, (2001), pages 1021 to 1023 and DE-A-101 11 230. 
     The MOFs according to the present invention comprise pores, in particular micropores and/or mesopores. Micropores are defined as those having a diameter of 2 nm or less and mesopores are defined by a diameter in the range from 2 to 50 nm, in each case in accordance with the definition as specified by Pure Applied Chem. 45, page 71, in particular on page 79 (1976). The presence of micropores and/or mesopores can be studied using sorption measurements, these measurements determining the MOF uptake capacity for nitrogen at 77 kelvin as specified in DIN 66131 and/or DIN 66134. 
     Preferably, the specific surface area, calculated according to the Langmuir model (DIN 66131, 66134) for an MOF in powder form is greater than 5 m 2 /g, more preferably greater than 10 m 2 /g, more preferably greater than 50 m 2 /g, still more preferably greater than 500 m 2 /g, still more preferably greater than 1000 m 2 /g, and particularly preferably greater than 1500 m 2 /g. 
     The metal component in the framework material according to the present invention is preferably selected from the groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa to VIIIa and Ib to VIb. Particular preference is given to Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ro, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, TI, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb and Bi. More preference is given to Zn, Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh and Co. In particular preference is given to Zn, Al, Ni and Cu. With respect to the ions of these elements, those which may particularly be mentioned are Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ , V 4+ , V 3+ , V 2+ , Nb 3+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mo 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Mn 2+ , Re 3+ , Re 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Rh 2+ , Rh + , Ir 2+ , Ir + , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , Pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Ag + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Tl 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 4+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 4+ , Pb 2+ , As 5+ , As 3+ , As + , Sb 5+ , Sb 3+ , Sb + , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ and Bi + . 
     The term “at least bidentate organic compound” designates an organic compound which comprises at least one functional group which is able to form, to a given metal ion, at least two, preferably three, coordinate bonds, and/or to two or more, preferably three metal atoms, in each case one coordinate bond. 
     As functional groups via which said coordinate bonds can be formed, in particular, for example the following functional groups may be mentioned: —CO 2 H, —CS 2 H, —NO 2 , —B(OH) 2 , —SO 3 H, —Si(OH) 3 , —Ge(OH) 3 , —Sn(OH) 3 , —Si(SH) 4 , —Ge(SH) 4 , —Sn(SH) 3 , —PO 3 H, —AsO 3 H, —AsO 4 H, —P(SH) 3 , —As(SH) 3 , —CH(RSH) 2 , —C(RSH) 3 , —CH(RNH 2 ) 2 , —C(RNH 2 ) 3 , —CH(ROH) 2 , —C(ROH) 3 , —CH(RCN) 2 , —C(RCN) 3 , where R, for example, is preferably an alkylene group having 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, for example a methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, i-propylene, n-butylene, i-butylene, tert-butylene or n-pentylene group. or an aryl group comprising 1 or 2 aromatic nuclei, for example 2 C 6  rings which, if appropriate, can be condensed and, independently of one another, can be suitably substituted by at least in each case one substituent, and/or which independently of one another, in each case, can comprise at least one heteroatom, for example N, O and/or S. According to likewise preferred embodiments, functional groups may be mentioned in which the abovementioned radical R is not present. In this respect, inter alia, —CH(SH) 2 , —C(SH) 3 , —CH(NH 2 ) 2 , —C(NH 2 ) 3 , —CH(OH) 2 , —C(OH) 3 , —CH(CN) 2  or —C(CN) 3  may be mentioned. 
     The at least two functional groups can in principle be bound to any suitable organic compound, provided that it is ensured that the organic compound having these functional groups is capable of forming the coordinate bond and for producing the framework material. 
     Preferably, the organic compounds which comprise the at least two functional groups are derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic compound or an aromatic compound or a compound which is both aliphatic and aromatic. 
     The aliphatic compound or the aliphatic part of the both aliphatic and aromatic compound can be linear and/or branched and/or cyclic, a plurality of cycles also being possible per compound. Further preferably, the aliphatic compound or the aliphatic part of the both aliphatic and also aromatic compound comprises 1 to 15, further preferably 1 to 14, further preferably 1 to 13, further preferably 1 to 12, further preferably 1 to 11, and in particular preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms. In particular preference is given here to inter alia methane, adamantine, acetylene, ethylene, or butadiene. 
     The aromatic compound or the aromatic part of the not only aromatic but also aliphatic compound can have one or else a plurality of nuclei, for example two, three, four or five nuclei, the nuclei being able to be present separately from one another and/or at least two nuclei being able to be present in condensed form. Particularly preferably, the aromatic compound, or the aromatic part of the not only aliphatic but also aromatic compound has one, two or three nuclei, one or two nuclei being particularly preferred. Independently of one another, in addition, each nucleus of said compound can comprise at least one heteroatom, for example N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferably N, O and/or S. Further preferably, the aromatic compound, or the aromatic part of the not only aromatic but also aliphatic compound, comprises one or two C 6  nuclei, the two being present either separately from one another or in condensed form. In particular, as aromatic compounds, benzene, naphthalene and/or biphenyl and/or bipyridyl and/or pyridyl may be mentioned. 
     For example, inter alia, trans-muconic acid or fumaric acid or phenylenebisacrylic acids may be mentioned. 
     For example, in the context of the present invention, mention may be made of dicarboxylics acid, such as 
     oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid, 4-oxopyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, p-benzenedicarboxylic acid, imidazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 6-chloroquinoxaline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminophenylmethane-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, quinoline-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, diimidodicarboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 2-methylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2-isopropylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydropyran-4,4-dicarboxylic acid, perylene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, perylenedicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 200-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-dioxaoctanedicarboxylic acid, 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, octadicarboxylic acid, pentane-3,3-carboxylic acid, 4,4′-diamino-1,1′-diphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, benzidine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(phenylamino)benzene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,1′-dinaphthyl-S,S′-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-8-methylquinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1-anilinoanthraquinone-2,4′-dicarboxylic acid, polytetrahydrofuran-250-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloroquinoline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(4-carboxy)phenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenylpyrazoline-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, phenylindanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzoylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-dibenzyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4,5-cis-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′-biquinoline-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedicarboxylic acid, O-hydroxybenzophenonedicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 300-dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 400-dicarboxylic acid, Pluriol E 600-dicarboxylic acid, pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dimethyl-2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyletherdiimidodicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethanediimidodicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfonediimidodicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-methoxy-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 8-nitro-2,3-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 8-sulfo-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2′,3′-diphenyl-p-terphenyl-4,4″-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-ether-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4(1 H)-oxothiochromene-2,8-dicarboxylic acid, 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 7,8-quinolinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, hexatriacontanedicarboxylic acid, tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,7-heptadicarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-nonene-6,9-dicarboxylic acid, eicosenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, 1-amino-4-methyl-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,9-dichlorofluororubin-4,11-dicarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-3-methylquinoline-6,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2,4-dichlorobenzophenone-2′,5′-dicarboxylic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1-methylpyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1-benzyl-1H-pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, anthraquinone-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid, 2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, heptane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 5,6-dehydronorbornane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid or 5-ethyl-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 
     tricarboxylic acids such as 
     2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-2,3,8-quinolinetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-phosphono-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-F]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, 5-acetyl-3-amino-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 3-amino-5-benzoyl-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid or aurintricarboxylic acid, 
     or tetracarboxylic acids such as 
     1,1-dioxidoperylo[1,12-BCD]thiophene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, perylenetetracarboxylic acids such as perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid or perylene-1,12-sulfone-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acids such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid or meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, decane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,11,12-dodecanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-hexanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,9,10-decanetetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid or cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acids such as cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid. 
     Very particularly preferably, use is made of optionally at least monosubstituted mono-, di-, tri-, tetranuclear or higher nuclear aromatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids, each of the nuclei being able to comprise at least one heteroatom, two or more nuclei being able to comprise identical or different heteroatoms. For example, preference is given to mononuclear dicarboxylic acids, mononuclear tricarboxylic acids, mononuclear tetracarboxylic acids, dinuclear dicarboxylic acids, dinuclear tricarboxylic acids, dinuclear tetracarboxylic acids, trinuclear dicarboxylic acids, trinuclear tricarboxylic acids, trinuclear tetracarboxylic acids, tetranuclear dicarboxylic acids, tetranuclear tricarboxylic acids and/or tetranuclear tetracarboxylic acids. Suitable heteroatoms are, for example N, O, S, B, P, Si, Al, preferred heteroatoms in this case are N, S and/or O. Suitable substituents which may be mentioned in this respect is, inter alia, —OH, a nitro group, an amino group or an alkyl or alkoxy group. 
     In particular preferably, as at least bidentate organic compounds, use is made of acetylenedicarboxylic acid (ADC), benzenedicarboxylic acids, naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, biphenyldicarboxylic acids, for example 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC), bipyridinedicarboxylic acids, for example 2,2′-bipyridinedicarboxylic acids, for example 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, for example 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), adamantanetetracarboxylic acid (ATC), adamantanedibenzoate (ADB), benzenetribenzoate (BTB), methanetetrabenzoate (MTB), adamantanetetrabenzoate, or dihydroxyterephthalic acids, for example 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHBDC). 
     Very particularly preferably, use is made of, inter alia, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 1,2,3-benzentricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, or 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid. 
     In addition to these at least bidentate organic compounds, the MOF can also comprise one or more monodentate ligands. 
     Suitable solvent for producing the MOFs are, inter alia, ethanol, dimethylformamide, toluene, methanol, chlorobenzene, diethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methylamine, sodium hydroxide solution, N-methylpolidone ether, acetonitrile, benzyl chloride, triethylamine, ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. Further metal ions, at least bidentate organic compounds and solvents for producing MOFs are described, inter alia, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,508 or DE-A 101 11 230. 
     The pore size of the MOF can be controlled by selection of the suitable ligand and/or of the at least bidentate organic compound. It is generally true that the greater the organic compound, the greater is the pore size. Preferably, the pore size is 0.2 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably the pore size is in the range from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, based on the crystalline material. 
     Examples of MOFs are given hereinafter. In addition to the designation of the MOF, the metal and also the at least bidentate ligand, in addition the solvent and also the cell parameters (angle α, β and γ and also the distances A, B and C in Å) are given. The latter were determined by X-ray diffraction. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ingredients 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 molar ratio 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Space 
               
               
                 MOF-n 
                 M + L 
                 Solvent S 
                 α 
                 β 
                 γ 
                 a 
                 b 
                 c 
                 group 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 MOF-0 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 16.711 
                 16.711 
                 14.189 
                 P6(3)/ 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 (BTC) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Mcm 
               
               
                 MOF-2 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 102.8 
                 90 
                 6.718 
                 15.49 
                 12.43 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 (0.246 mmol) 
                 Toluene 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.241 mmol) 
               
               
                 MOF-3 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 99.72 
                 111.11 
                 108.4 
                 9.726 
                 9.911 
                 10.45 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 (1.89 mmol) 
                 MeOH 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 (1.93 mmol) 
               
               
                 MOF-4 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 14.728 
                 14.728 
                 14.728 
                 P2(1)3 
               
               
                   
                 (1.00 mmol) 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 (BTC) 
               
               
                   
                 (0.5 mmol) 
               
               
                 MOF-5 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 25.669 
                 25.669 
                 25.669 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 (2.22 mmol) 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 (2.17 mmol) 
               
               
                 MOF-38 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 20.657 
                 20.657 
                 17.84 
                 I4cm 
               
               
                   
                 (0.27 mmol) 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 (BTC) 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 (0.15 mmol) 
               
               
                 MOF-31 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 10.821 
                 10.821 
                 10.821 
                 Pn(-3)m 
               
               
                 Zn(ADC) 2   
                 0.4 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (ADC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.8 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-12 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 15.745 
                 16.907 
                 18.167 
                 Pbca 
               
               
                 Zn 2 (ATC) 
                 0.3 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 4 (ATC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.15 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-20 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 92.13 
                 90 
                 8.13 
                 16.444 
                 12.807 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                 ZnNDC 
                 0.37 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 NDC 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.36 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-37 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 72.38 
                 83.16 
                 84.33 
                 9.952 
                 11.576 
                 15.556 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.2 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 NDC 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.2 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-8 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 115.7 
                 90 
                 19.83 
                 9.822 
                 19.183 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                 Tb 2 (ADC) 
                 0.10 mmol 
                 MeOH 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 ADC 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-9 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 102.09 
                 90 
                 27.056 
                 16.795 
                 28.139 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                 Tb 2 (ADC) 
                 0.08 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 ADB 
               
               
                   
                 0.12 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-6 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 91.28 
                 90 
                 17.599 
                 19.996 
                 10.545 
                 P21/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.30 mmol 
                 MeOH 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.30 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-7 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 102.3 
                 91.12 
                 101.5 
                 6.142 
                 10.069 
                 10.096 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.15 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.15 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-69A 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 111.6 
                 90 
                 23.12 
                 20.92 
                 12 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.083 mmol 
                 H 2 O 2   
               
               
                   
                 4,4′BPDC 
                 MeNH 2   
               
               
                   
                 0.041 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-69B 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 95.3 
                 90 
                 20.17 
                 18.55 
                 12.16 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.083 mmol 
                 H 2 O 2   
               
               
                   
                 2,6-NCD 
                 MeNH 2   
               
               
                   
                 0.041 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-11 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 93.86 
                 90 
                 12.987 
                 11.22 
                 11.336 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                 Cu 2 (ATC) 
                 0.47 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 ATC 
               
               
                   
                 0.22 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-11 
                   
                   
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 8.4671 
                 8.4671 
                 14.44 
                 P42/ 
               
               
                 Cu 2 (ATC) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 mmc 
               
               
                 dehydr. 
               
               
                 MOF-14 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 26.946 
                 26.946 
                 26.946 
                 Im-3 
               
               
                 Cu 3 (BTB) 
                 0.28 mmol 
                 DMF 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTB 
                 EtOH 
               
               
                   
                 0.052 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-32 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 13.468 
                 13.468 
                 13.468 
                 P(-4)3m 
               
               
                 Cd(ATC) 
                 0.24 mmol 
                 NaOH 
               
               
                   
                 H 4 ATC 
               
               
                   
                 0.10 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-33 
                 ZnCl 2   
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 19.561 
                 15.255 
                 23.404 
                 Imma 
               
               
                 Zn 2 (ATB) 
                 0.15 mmol 
                 DMF 
               
               
                   
                 H 4 ATB 
                 EtOH 
               
               
                   
                 0.02 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-34 
                 Ni(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 10.066 
                 11.163 
                 19.201 
                 P2 1 2 1 2 1   
               
               
                 Ni(ATC) 
                 0.24 mmol 
                 NaOH 
               
               
                   
                 H 4 ATC 
               
               
                   
                 0.10 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-36 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 15.745 
                 16.907 
                 18.167 
                 Pbca 
               
               
                 Zn 2 (MTB) 
                 0.20 mmol 
                 DMF 
               
               
                   
                 H 4 MTB 
               
               
                   
                 0.04 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-39 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 17.158 
                 21.591 
                 25.308 
                 Pnma 
               
               
                 Zn 3 O(HBTB) 
                 0.27 mmol 
                 DMF 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTB 
                 EtOH 
               
               
                   
                 0.07 mmol 
               
               
                 NO305 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 8.2692 
                 8.2692 
                 63.566 
                 R-3c 
               
               
                   
                 5.03 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 86.90 mmol 
               
               
                 NO306A 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 9.9364 
                 18.374 
                 18.374 
                 Pbcn 
               
               
                   
                 5.03 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 86.90 mmol 
               
               
                 NO29 
                 Mn(Ac) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 120 
                 90 
                 90 
                 14.16 
                 33.521 
                 33.521 
                 P-1 
               
               
                 MOF-0 
                 0.46 mmol 
               
               
                 similar 
                 H 3 BTC 
               
               
                   
                 0.69 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR48 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 14.5 
                 17.04 
                 18.02 
                 Pbca 
               
               
                 A2 
                 0.012 mmol 
                 Toluene 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR69 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 98.76 
                 90 
                 14.16 
                 15.72 
                 17.66 
                 Cc 
               
               
                 B1 
                 0.0212 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.0428 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR92 
                 Co(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 NMP 
                 106.3 
                 107.63 
                 107.2 
                 7.5308 
                 10.942 
                 11.025 
                 P1 
               
               
                 A2 
                 0.018 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.018 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR95 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 NMP 
                 90 
                 112.8 
                 90 
                 14.460 
                 11.085 
                 15.829 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                 C5 
                 0.012 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.36 mmol 
               
               
                 CuC 6 H 4 O 6   
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 105.29 
                 90 
                 15.259 
                 14.816 
                 14.13 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC(OH) 2   
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 M(BTC) 
                 Co(SO 4 )H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 as for MOF-0 
                   
               
               
                 MOF-0 like 
                 0.055 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTC 
               
               
                   
                 0.037 mmol 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Tb(C 6 H 4 O 6 ) 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 104.6 
                 107.9 
                 97.147 
                 10.491 
                 10.981 
                 12.541 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (C 6 H 4 O 6 ) 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.56 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn(C 2 O 4 ) 
                 ZnCl 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 120 
                 90 
                 9.4168 
                 9.4168 
                 8.464 
                 P(-3)1m 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 oxalic acid 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
               
               
                 Co(CHO) 
                 Co(NO 3 ) 2 •5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 91.32 
                 90 
                 11.328 
                 10.049 
                 14.854 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.043 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 1.60 mmol 
               
               
                 Cd(CHO) 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 120 
                 90 
                 8.5168 
                 8.5168 
                 22.674 
                 R-3c 
               
               
                   
                 0.185 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.185 mmol 
               
               
                 Cu(C 3 H 2 O 4 ) 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 8.366 
                 8.366 
                 11.919 
                 P43 
               
               
                   
                 0.043 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 malonic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.192 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 6 (NDC) 5   
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 95.902 
                 90 
                 19.504 
                 16.482 
                 14.64 
                 C2/m 
               
               
                 MOF-48 
                 0.097 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 14NDC 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.069 mmol 
                 H 2 O 2   
               
               
                 MOF-47 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 92.55 
                 90 
                 11.303 
                 16.029 
                 17.535 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.185 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC[CH 3 ] 4 ) 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.185 mmol 
                 H 2 O 2   
               
               
                 MO25 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 112.0 
                 90 
                 23.880 
                 16.834 
                 18.389 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 BPhDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 Cu-Thio 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 113.6 
                 90 
                 15.4747 
                 14.514 
                 14.032 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 thiophene 
               
               
                   
                 dicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 CIBDC1 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 105.6 
                 90 
                 14.911 
                 15.622 
                 18.413 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.0084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDCCl 2 ) 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-101 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 21.607 
                 20.607 
                 20.073 
                 Fm3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 BrBDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 3 (BTC) 2   
                 ZnCl 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 26.572 
                 26.572 
                 26.572 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.033 mmol 
                 EtOH 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTC 
                 Base 
               
               
                   
                 0.033 mmol 
                 Added 
               
               
                 MOF-j 
                 Co(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 112.0 
                 90 
                 17.482 
                 12.963 
                 6.559 
                 C2 
               
               
                   
                 (1.65 mmol) 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 (BZC) 
               
               
                   
                 (0.95 mmol) 
               
               
                 MOF-n 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 16.711 
                 16.711 
                 14.189 
                 P6(3)/mcm 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 (BTC) 
               
               
                 PbBDC 
                 Pb(NO 3 ) 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 102.7 
                 90 
                 8.3639 
                 17.991 
                 9.9617 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 (0.181 mmol) 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 (0.181 mmol) 
               
               
                 Znhex 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 37.1165 
                 37.117 
                 30.019 
                 P3(1)c 
               
               
                   
                 (0.171 mmol) 
                 p-Xylene 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTB 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 (0.114 mmol) 
               
               
                 AS16 
                 FeBr 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90.13 
                 90 
                 7.2595 
                 8.7894 
                 19.484 
                 P2(1)c 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
                 anhydr. 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
               
               
                 AS27-2 
                 FeBr 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 26.735 
                 26.735 
                 26.735 
                 Fm3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
                 anhydr. 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.464 mmol 
               
               
                 AS32 
                 FeCl 3   
                 DMF anhydr. 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 12.535 
                 12.535 
                 18.479 
                 P6(2)c 
               
               
                   
                 1.23 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
               
               
                   
                 1.23 mmol 
               
               
                 AS54-3 
                 FeBr 2   
                 DMF anhydr. 
                 90 
                 109.98 
                 90 
                 12.019 
                 15.286 
                 14.399 
                 C2 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 
                 n-Propanol 
               
               
                   
                 BPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
               
               
                 AS61-4 
                 FeBr 2   
                 Pyridine 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 13.017 
                 13.017 
                 14.896 
                 P6(2)c 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
                 anhydr. 
               
               
                   
                 m-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
               
               
                 AS68-7 
                 FeBr 2   
                 DMF anhydr. 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 18.3407 
                 10.036 
                 18.039 
                 Pca2 1   
               
               
                   
                 0.927 mmol 
                 Pyridine 
               
               
                   
                 m-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 1.204 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn(ADC) 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 99.85 
                 90 
                 16.764 
                 9.349 
                 9.635 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (ADC) 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.36 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-12 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 15.745 
                 16.907 
                 18.167 
                 Pbca 
               
               
                 Zn 2 (ATC) 
                 0.30 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 4 (ATC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.15 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-20 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 92.13 
                 90 
                 8.13 
                 16.444 
                 12.807 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                 ZnNDC 
                 0.37 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 NDC 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.36 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-37 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 72.38 
                 83.16 
                 84.33 
                 9.952 
                 11.576 
                 15.556 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 NDC 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn(NDC) 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 68.08 
                 75.33 
                 88.31 
                 8.631 
                 10.207 
                 13.114 
                 P-1 
               
               
                 (DMSO) 
                 H 2 NDC 
               
               
                 Zn(NDC) 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                   
                 90 
                 99.2 
                 90 
                 19.289 
                 17.628 
                 15.052 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 NDC 
               
               
                 Zn(HPDC) 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 107.9 
                 105.06 
                 94.4 
                 8.326 
                 12.085 
                 13.767 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.23 mmol 
                 H 2 O 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (HPDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.05 mmol 
               
               
                 Co(HPDC) 
                 Co(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 97.69 
                 90 
                 29.677 
                 9.63 
                 7.981 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.21 mmol 
                 H 2 O/Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (HPDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.06 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 3 (PDC)2.5 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF/CIBz 
                 79.34 
                 80.8 
                 85.83 
                 8.564 
                 14.046 
                 26.428 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.17 mmol 
                 H 2 0/TEA 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (HPDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.05 mmol 
               
               
                 Cd 2 (TPDC)2 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 Methanol/ 
                 70.59 
                 72.75 
                 87.14 
                 10.102 
                 14.412 
                 14.964 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.06 mmol 
                 CHP H 2 O 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (HPDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.06 mmol 
               
               
                 Tb(PDC)1.5 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 109.8 
                 103.61 
                 100.14 
                 9.829 
                 12.11 
                 14.628 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.21 mmol 
                 H 2 O/Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (PDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.034 mmol 
               
               
                 ZnDBP 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 MeOH 
                 90 
                 93.67 
                 90 
                 9.254 
                 10.762 
                 27.93 
                 P2/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.05 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 dibenzyl phosphate 
               
               
                   
                 0.10 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 3 (BPDC) 
                 ZnBr 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 102.76 
                 90 
                 11.49 
                 14.79 
                 19.18 
                 P21/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.021 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 4,4′BPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.005 mmol 
               
               
                 CdBDC 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 95.85 
                 90 
                 11.2 
                 11.11 
                 16.71 
                 P21/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.100 mmol 
                 Na 2 SiO 3   
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDC) 
                 (aq) 
               
               
                   
                 0.401 mmol 
               
               
                 Cd-mBDC 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 101.1 
                 90 
                 13.69 
                 18.25 
                 14.91 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.009 mmol 
                 MeNH 2   
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (mBDC) 
               
               
                   
                 0.018 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 4 OBNDC 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 22.35 
                 26.05 
                 59.56 
                 Fmmm 
               
               
                   
                 0.041 mmol 
                 MeNH 2   
               
               
                   
                 BNDC 
                 H 2 O 2   
               
               
                 Eu(TCA) 
                 Eu(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 23.325 
                 23.325 
                 23.325 
                 Pm-3n 
               
               
                   
                 0.14 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 TCA 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.026 mmol 
               
               
                 Tb(TCA) 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 23.272 
                 23.272 
                 23.372 
                 Pm-3n 
               
               
                   
                 0.069 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 TCA 
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.026 mmol 
               
               
                 Formates 
                 Ce(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O 
                 H 2 O 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 10.668 
                 10.667 
                 4.107 
                 R-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.138 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.43 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 8.2692 
                 8.2692 
                 63.566 
                 R-3c 
               
               
                   
                 5.03 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 86.90 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 9.9364 
                 18.374 
                 18.374 
                 Pbcn 
               
               
                   
                 5.03 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 86.90 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 8.335 
                 8.335 
                 13.34 
                 P-31c 
               
               
                   
                 5.03 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 86.90 mmol 
               
               
                 NO330 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 Formamide 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 8.7749 
                 11.655 
                 8.3297 
                 Pnna 
               
               
                   
                 0.50 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 8.69 mmol 
               
               
                 NO332 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DIP 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 10.0313 
                 18.808 
                 18.355 
                 Pbcn 
               
               
                   
                 0.50 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 8.69 mmol 
               
               
                 NO333 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DBF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 45.2754 
                 23.861 
                 12.441 
                 Cmcm 
               
               
                   
                 0.50 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 8.69 mmol 
               
               
                 NO335 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 CHF 
                 90 
                 91.372 
                 90 
                 11.5964 
                 10.187 
                 14.945 
                 P21/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.50 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 8.69 mmol 
               
               
                 NO336 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 MFA 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 11.7945 
                 48.843 
                 8.4136 
                 Pbcm 
               
               
                   
                 0.50 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 8.69 mmol 
               
               
                 NO13 
                 Mn(Ac) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 Ethanol 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 18.66 
                 11.762 
                 9.418 
                 Pbcn 
               
               
                   
                 0.46 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 benzoic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.92 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 bipyridine 
               
               
                   
                 0.46 mmol 
               
               
                 NO29 
                 Mn(Ac) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 120 
                 90 
                 90 
                 14.16 
                 33.521 
                 33.521 
                 P-1 
               
               
                 MOF-0 like 
                 0.46 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTC 
               
               
                   
                 0.69 mmol 
               
               
                 Mn(hfac) 2   
                 Mn(Ac) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 Ether 
                 90 
                 95.32 
                 90 
                 9.572 
                 17.162 
                 14.041 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                 (O 2 CC 6 H 5 ) 
                 0.46 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 Hfac 
               
               
                   
                 0.92 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 bipyridine 
               
               
                   
                 0.46 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR43G2 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 91.37 
                 90 
                 17.96 
                 6.38 
                 7.19 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.0288 mmol 
                 CH 3 CN 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.0072 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR48A2 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 14.5 
                 17.04 
                 18.02 
                 Pbca 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
                 Toluene 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR49B1 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 91.172 
                 90 
                 33.181 
                 9.824 
                 17.884 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.024 mmol 
                 Methanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.048 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR56E1 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 90.096 
                 90 
                 14.5873 
                 14.153 
                 17.183 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
                 n-Propanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.024 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR68D10 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 95.316 
                 90 
                 10.0627 
                 10.17 
                 16.413 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.0016 mmol 
                 Benzene 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTC 
               
               
                   
                 0.0064 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR69B1 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 98.76 
                 90 
                 14.16 
                 15.72 
                 17.66 
                 Cc 
               
               
                   
                 0.0212 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.0428 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR73E4 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 92.324 
                 90 
                 8.7231 
                 7.0568 
                 18.438 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.006 mmol 
                 Toluene 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.003 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR76D5 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMSO 
                 90 
                 104.17 
                 90 
                 14.4191 
                 6.2599 
                 7.0611 
                 Pc 
               
               
                   
                 0.0009 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BzPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.0036 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR80B5 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 115.11 
                 90 
                 28.049 
                 9.184 
                 17.837 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.018 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.036 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR80H5 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 119.06 
                 90 
                 11.4746 
                 6.2151 
                 17.268 
                 P2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.027 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.027 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR82C6 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 9.7721 
                 21.142 
                 27.77 
                 Fdd2 
               
               
                   
                 0.0068 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.202 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR86C3 
                 Co(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 18.3449 
                 10.031 
                 17.983 
                 Pca2(1) 
               
               
                   
                 0.0025 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.075 mmol 
               
               
                 BPR86H6 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 80.98 
                 89.69 
                 83.412 
                 9.8752 
                 10.263 
                 15.362 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.010 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.010 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 Co(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 NMP 
                 106.3 
                 107.63 
                 107.2 
                 7.5308 
                 10.942 
                 11.025 
                 P1 
               
               
                 BPR95A2 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O 
                 NMP 
                 90 
                 102.9 
                 90 
                 7.4502 
                 13.767 
                 12.713 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
               
               
                 CuC 6 F 4 O 4   
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 98.834 
                 90 
                 10.9675 
                 24.43 
                 22.553 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
                 Chloro- 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC(OH) 2   
                 benzene 
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
               
               
                 Fe Formic 
                 FeCl 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 91.543 
                 90 
                 11.495 
                 9.963 
                 14.48 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
               
               
                 Mg Formic 
                 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 91.359 
                 90 
                 11.383 
                 9.932 
                 14.656 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 formic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
               
               
                 MgC 6 H 4 O 6   
                 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 96.624 
                 90 
                 17.245 
                 9.943 
                 9.273 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.370 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 BDC(OH) 2   
               
               
                   
                 0.37 mmol 
               
               
                 ZnC 2 H 4 BDC 
                 ZnCl 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 94.714 
                 90 
                 7.3386 
                 16.834 
                 12.52 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                 MOF-38 
                 0.44 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 CBBDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.261 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-49 
                 ZnCl 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 93.459 
                 90 
                 13.509 
                 11.984 
                 27.039 
                 P2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.44 mmol 
                 CH 3 CN 
               
               
                   
                 m-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.261 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-26 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 95.607 
                 90 
                 20.8797 
                 16.017 
                 26.176 
                 P2(1)/n 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 DCPE 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-112 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 107.49 
                 90 
                 29.3241 
                 21.297 
                 18.069 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 o-Br-m-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-109 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 111.98 
                 90 
                 23.8801 
                 16.834 
                 18.389 
                 P2(1)/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 KDB 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-111 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 102.16 
                 90 
                 10.6767 
                 18.781 
                 21.052 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 o-BrBDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-110 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 120 
                 20.0652 
                 20.065 
                 20.747 
                 R-3/m 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 thiophene 
               
               
                   
                 dicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-107 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 104.8 
                 97.075 
                 95.206 
                 11.032 
                 18.067 
                 18.452 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 thiophene 
               
               
                   
                 dicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-108 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DBF/ 
                 90 
                 113.63 
                 90 
                 15.4747 
                 14.514 
                 14.032 
                 C2/c 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
                 Methanol 
               
               
                   
                 thiophene 
               
               
                   
                 dicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 MOF-102 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 91.63 
                 106.24 
                 112.01 
                 9.3845 
                 10.794 
                 10.831 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDCCl 2 ) 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 Clbdc1 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 105.56 
                 90 
                 14.911 
                 15.622 
                 18.413 
                 P-1 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 (BDCCl 2 ) 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 Cu(NMOP) 
                 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •2.5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 102.37 
                 90 
                 14.9238 
                 18.727 
                 15.529 
                 P2(1)/m 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 NBDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 mmol 
               
               
                 Tb(BTC) 
                 Tb(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 106.02 
                 90 
                 18.6986 
                 11.368 
                 19.721 
               
               
                   
                 0.033 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTC 
               
               
                   
                 0.033 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 3 (BTC) 2   
                 ZnCl 2   
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 26.572 
                 26.572 
                 26.572 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                 Honk 
                 0.033 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 3 BTC 
               
               
                   
                 0.033 mmol 
               
               
                 Zn 4 O(NDC) 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 41.5594 
                 18.818 
                 17.574 
                 aba2 
               
               
                   
                 0.066 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 14NDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.066 mmol 
               
               
                 CdTDC 
                 Cd(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DMF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 12.173 
                 10.485 
                 7.33 
                 Pmma 
               
               
                   
                 0.014 mmol 
                 H 2 O 
               
               
                   
                 thiophene 
               
               
                   
                 0.040 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 DABCO 
               
               
                   
                 0.020 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-2 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 25.772 
                 25.772 
                 25.772 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.160 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 o-Br-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.60 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-3 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 25.747 
                 25.747 
                 25.747 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
                 Ethanol 
               
               
                   
                 H 2 N-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.60 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-4 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 25.849 
                 25.849 
                 25.849 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.11 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 [C 3 H 7 O] 2 -BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.48 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-5 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 12.882 
                 12.882 
                 12.882 
                 Pm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.13 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 [C 5 H 11 O] 2 -BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.50 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-6 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 25.842 
                 25.842 
                 25.842 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 [C 2 H 4 ]-BDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.60 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-7 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 12.914 
                 12.914 
                 12.914 
                 Pm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.07 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 1,4NDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-8 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 30.092 
                 30.092 
                 30.092 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.55 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 2,6NDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.42 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-9 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 17.147 
                 23.322 
                 25.255 
                 Pnnm 
               
               
                   
                 0.05 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 BPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.42 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-10 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 34.281 
                 34.281 
                 34.281 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.02 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 BPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-11 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 24.822 
                 24.822 
                 56.734 
                 R-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.05 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 HPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.20 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-12 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 34.281 
                 34.281 
                 34.281 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.017 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 HPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.12 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-13 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 24.822 
                 24.822 
                 56.734 
                 R-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.048 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 PDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.31 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-14 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 34.381 
                 34.381 
                 34.381 
                 Fm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.17 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 PDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.12 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-15 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 21.459 
                 21.459 
                 21.459 
                 Im-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.063 mmol 
               
               
                   
                 TPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.025 mmol 
               
               
                 IRMOF-16 
                 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •4H 2 O 
                 DEF 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 21.49 
                 21.49 
                 21.49 
                 Pm-3m 
               
               
                   
                 0.0126 mmol 
                 NMP 
               
               
                   
                 TPDC 
               
               
                   
                 0.05 mmol 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ADC Acetylenedicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 NDC Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 BDC Benzenedicarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 ATC Adamantanetetracarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 BTC Benzenetricarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 BTB Benzenetribenzoic acid 
               
               
                 MTB Methanetetrabenzoic acid 
               
               
                 ATB Adamantanetetrabenzoic acid 
               
               
                 ADB Adamantanedibenzoic acid 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Further MOFs are MOF-177, MOF-178, MOF-74, MOF-235, MOF-236, MOF-69 to 80, MOF-501, MOF-502, which are described in the literature. 
     In particular preference is given to a porous metal-organic framework material in which Zn, Al, Ni or Cu is present as metal ion and the at least bidentate organic compound is terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid. 
     In addition to the conventional method for producing the MOFs, as is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,508, they can also be produced in an electrochemical method. In this respect, reference is made to DE-A 103 55 087 and also WO-A 2005/049892. The MOFs produced in this manner exhibit particularly good properties in connection with adsorption and desorption of chemical substances, in particular gases. They are thus different from those which are produced conventionally, even when they are formed from the same organic and metal-ion constituents, and are therefore to be considered novel framework materials. In the context of the present invention, electrochemically produced MOFs are particularly preferred. 
     Accordingly, the electrochemical production relates to a crystalline porous metal-organic framework material comprising at least one, at least bidentate, organic compound bound by coordination to at least one metal ion, which is produced in a reaction medium comprising the at least one bidentate organic compound at least one metal ion by oxidation of at least one anode comprising the corresponding metal. 
     The term “electrochemical production” designates a production method in which the formation of at least one reaction product is associated with the migration of electric charges or the occurrence of electric potentials. 
     The term “at least one metal ion”, as used in connection with the electrochemical production, designates embodiments according to which at least one ion of a metal ion or at least one ion of a first metal and at least one ion of at least one second metal different from the first metal are provided by anodic oxidation. 
     Accordingly, the electrochemical production relates to embodiments in which at least one ion of at least one metal is provided by anodic oxidation and at least one ion of at least one metal is provided by a metal salt, the at least one metal in the metal salt and the at least one metal which is provided as metal ion via anodic oxidation being able to be identical or different from one another. Therefore, the present invention, in relation to electrochemically produced MOFs comprises, for example, an embodiment according to which the reaction medium comprises one or more different salts of a metal and the metal ion present in this salt or in these salts is additionally provided by anodic oxidation of at least one anode comprising this metal. Likewise, the reaction medium can comprise one or more different salts of at least one metal and at least one metal different from these metals can be provided via anodic oxidation as metal ion in the reaction medium. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in connection with the electrochemical production, the at least one metal ion is provided by anodic oxidation of at least one anode comprising this at least one metal, no further metal being provided via a metal salt. 
     The term “metal”, as used in the context of the present invention in connection with the electrochemical production of MOFs, comprises all elements of the Periodic Table of the Elements which can be provided via anodic oxidation in the electrochemical method in a reaction medium and are able with at least one at least bidentate organic compound to form at least one metal-organic porous framework material. 
     Independently of its production, the resultant MOF is produced in powder or crystalline form. This is preferably used as such in the inventive suspension. In this case the metal-organic framework material acts as sorbent. Furthermore, other sorbents can also be used in the suspension. In principle, the metal-organic framework material can also be converted into a shaped body and this can be used in the inventive suspension. 
     The present invention further relates to the use of the inventive suspension for odor reduction. 
     The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter by the following examples. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     On the basis of an odor test, the action of an inventive suspension having various metal-organic framework materials is investigated with respect to the reduction of odor due to odor substances from cigarette smoke. A suspension of β-cyclodextrin, and also pure water, are used as comparison. 
     The following samples are used:
     Sample 1: 0.5% by weight of β-cyclodextrin in water,   Sample 2: 0.5% by weight of MOF-5 in water (Zn with terephthalic acid),   Sample 3: 0.5% by weight of IR-MOF-8 in water (Zn with 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid),   Sample 4: 0.5% by weight of copper framework material produced electrochemically according to Example 2 of WO-A 2005/049892 and also water.   

     The apparatus used is a 10 l vessel having two closeable openings situated at opposite points. The test fabric used is cotton body Lg. No, 286. In addition, a cigarette of the brand Gauloises Blondes, blue packet (10 mg tar, 0.8 mg nicotine) is used. For preparation, the test fabric is suspended in the apparatus. At one opening, a cigarette is mounted in such a manner that smoke can be drawn through the filter of the cigarette into the vessel. At the other opening, a vacuum is applied in order to be able to draw the smoke into the vessel. Vacuum is controlled manually via a T piece in such a manner that the cigarette burns as uniformly as possible with 2 minutes to the start of the line. Thereafter the vacuum is to be taken rapidly from the apparatus and the apparatus is to be closed on both sides. The test fabric is then left for 2 hours in the apparatus, cut to 6×6 cm and if appropriate placed for storage in a closed plastic flask. From a distance of approximately 30 cm, the test fabric is brought into contact by spraying samples 1 to 4 and also water by two spray bursts (approximately 2.5 ml) using a commercially conventional pressure-pump atomizer, in such a manner that the entire surface of the test fabric is wetted. Thereafter, the test fabrics are dried at room temperature for 1 hour, hanging freely. The test fabrics are rated with respect to their odor immediately in the moist state (Table A), and after 6 hours in the dry state (Table B). 
     Assessment Score 1=without odor
         10=strong cigarette odor       

     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Assessor 
                 Sample 1 
                 Sample 2 
                 Sample 3 
                 Sample 4 
                 Water 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A 
                 4 
                 8 
                 5 
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                 B 
                 3 
                 10 
                 6 
                 7 
                 10 
               
               
                 C 
                 5 
                 7 
                 4 
                 6 
                 10 
               
               
                 D 
                 4 
                 7 
                 7 
                 4 
                 9 
               
               
                 E 
                 4 
                 8 
                 4 
                 4 
                 10 
               
               
                 F 
                 5 
                 6 
                 4 
                 4 
                 10 
               
               
                 G 
                 3 
                 9 
                 5 
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                 H 
                 4 
                 8 
                 5 
                 4 
                 10 
               
               
                 Average 
                 4.0 
                 7.9 
                 5 
                 4.9 
                 9.9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Assessor 
                 Sample 1 
                 Sample 2 
                 Sample 3 
                 Sample 4 
                 Water 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A 
                 6 
                 8 
                 3 
                 4 
                 10 
               
               
                 B 
                 5 
                 7 
                 4 
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                 C 
                 10 
                 4 
                 5 
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                 D 
                 5 
                 5 
                 3 
                 3 
                 9 
               
               
                 E 
                 6 
                 8 
                 3 
                 2 
                 10 
               
               
                 F 
                 6 
                 9 
                 1 
                 3 
                 10 
               
               
                 G 
                 5 
                 10 
                 2 
                 1 
                 10 
               
               
                 H 
                 5 
                 7 
                 1 
                 2 
                 10 
               
               
                 Average 
                 6.0 
                 7.4 
                 2.8 
                 3.5 
                 9.9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     Samples Tested: 
     
         
         water, samples 1 to 3 according to example 1
 
Reagents:
 
         cotton twill Lg. No. 286 
         cigarette (Gauloises Blondes, blue packet, 10 mg tar, 0.8 mg nicotine)
 
Preparation:
 
       
    
     The test fabrics are suspended in the apparatus described in example 1. At one opening, a cigarette is mounted in such a manner that smoke can be drawn through the filter of the cigarette into the vessel. At the other opening, a vacuum is applied in order to be able to draw the smoke into the vessel. Vacuum is controlled manually via a T piece in such a manner that the cigarette burns as uniformly as possible within 2 minutes up to the start of the line. Thereafter the vacuum is to be taken as rapidly as possible from the apparatus and the apparatus is to be closed on both sides. The test fabrics are then left for two hours in the apparatus, cut to 6×6 cm, and if appropriate placed for storage in a closed plastic bottle. 
     Procedure: 
     The test fabrics are attached to a filter paper which is suspended vertically on a non-absorbent wall. 
     From a distance of 30 cm, per fabric and per sample under test, 2 spray bursts (approximately 2.5 ml) are applied by the atomizer in such a manner that the entire surface of the test fabric is wetted. Thereafter the test fabrics are dried at room temperature for 30 min, hanging freely. The test fabrics are rated with respect to their odor. The result is presented in the table hereinafter. 
     Assessment score 1=without odor 
     
         
         
           
             10=strong cigarette odor 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Sample 
                   
                 Sample 
               
               
                 Assessor 
                 Smoker 
                 Untreated 
                 Water 
                 1 
                 Sample 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A 
                 No 
                 7 
                 7 
                 8 
                 6 
                 5 
               
               
                 B 
                 Yes 
                 7 
                 8 
                 6 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 C 
                 No 
                 7 
                 8 
                 7 
                 6 
                 6 
               
               
                 D 
                 No 
                 9 
                 8 
                 6 
                 8 
                 4 
               
               
                 E 
                 No 
                 9 
                 8 
                 8 
                 8 
                 7 
               
               
                 F 
                 No 
                 8 
                 7 
                 5 
                 7 
                 5 
               
               
                 G 
                 Yes 
                 9 
                 6 
                 9 
                 3 
                 8 
               
               
                 H 
                 Yes 
                 8 
                 6 
                 5 
                 5 
                 7 
               
               
                 I 
                 Yes 
                 9 
                 7 
                 4 
                 5 
                 6 
               
               
                 J 
                 No 
                 10 
                 6 
                 3 
                 2 
                 2 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mean 
                 9.3 
                 8.1 
                 7.1 
                 6.6 
                 6.7