Patent Publication Number: US-2023160406-A1

Title: Systems and methods retaining components in an electronic device

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Background and Relevant Art 
     Mobile, wearable, and portable computing devices package an ever-increasing number of components into a small volume. Components are positioned on housings or other circuit boards in stacks with little available space between components and within the housing of the device. Arrangement and assembly of the components of modern electronic devices are complicated by inefficient connecting of the components the housing and one another. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In some embodiments, a fastener for retaining a plurality of components in an electronic device includes a body with a bottom end and a top end, where the bottom end includes a mechanical interlocking feature integrally formed with the bottom end and the top end includes a head integrally formed with the top end. Between the head and the mechanical interlocking feature, the body includes an integrally formed shoulder. A neck is positioned between the shoulder and the head with a neck outer diameter that is less than a head outer diameter and a shoulder outer diameter. 
     In some embodiments, a system for retaining components in an electronic device includes a fastener and a bracket. The fastener includes a body with a bottom end and a top end, where the bottom end includes a mechanical interlocking feature integrally formed with the bottom end and the top end includes a head integrally formed with the top end. Between the head and the mechanical interlocking feature, the body includes an integrally formed shoulder. A neck is positioned between the shoulder and the head with a neck outer diameter that is less than a head outer diameter and a shoulder outer diameter. The bracket includes an aperture therethrough and at least one retention mechanism. The aperture has a width greater than the head outer diameter of the fastener. The retention mechanism is positioned in the aperture and configured to engage with the neck of the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing an electronic device includes positioning a first component relative to a housing and affixing the first component to the housing using a fastener. The fastener includes a body with a bottom end and a top end, where the bottom end includes a mechanical interlocking feature integrally formed with the bottom end and the top end includes a head integrally formed with the top end. Between the head and the mechanical interlocking feature, the body includes an integrally formed shoulder. A neck is positioned between the shoulder and the head with a neck outer diameter that is less than a head outer diameter and a shoulder outer diameter. The method further includes positioning a bracket relative to the first component and the fastener, where the bracket includes an aperture therethrough and at least one retention mechanism. The aperture has a width greater than the head outer diameter of the fastener. The retention mechanism is positioned in the aperture and configured to engage with the neck of the fastener. The method includes applying a force to the bracket toward the fastener to affix the bracket to the fastener. 
     This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the teachings herein. Features and advantages of the disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or may be learned by the practice of the disclosure as set forth hereinafter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. For better understanding, the like elements have been designated by like reference numbers throughout the various accompanying figures. While some of the drawings may be schematic or exaggerated representations of concepts, at least some of the drawings may be drawn to scale. Understanding that the drawings depict some example embodiments, the embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view of a fastener, according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is a side cross-sectional view of the fastener of  FIG.  1   , according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is another side cross-sectional view of the fastener of  FIG.  1   , according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective view of a fastener and a bracket, according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  5    is a side cross-sectional view of the fastener and bracket of  FIG.  4   , according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    is a top view of the fastener and bracket of  FIG.  4   , according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7    is a side cross-sectional view of an electronic device including a fastener and bracket, according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing an electronic device, according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  9    is a side cross-sectional view of a system including a fastener and bracket, according to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure relates generally to fasteners for coupling and retaining components. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for retaining components in an electronic device by affixing a fastener to a board, housing, or support, where the fastener connects at least two components to the board, housing, or support. In some embodiments, a fastener provides a compressive force to retain the first component while a second component connects or couples to a neck of the fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener is affixed to a board first and a second component is subsequently connected or coupled to the neck of the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, an electronic component includes a plurality of components that stacked in a vertical direction relative to a board or a housing. In conventional electronic devices, the first and second component are positioned on a board or housing and then both are retained by connecting a fastener through both components to the board or housing. This design requires both components to be positioned prior to connecting the fastener. Additionally, removal of the fastener will disconnect both of the components. However, a user may desire to affix only one of the components, such as to replace or repair the second component without removing the first component. Unnecessary movement of the components can risk damaging elements of the components, such as connection prongs, wires, transistors, capacitors, or other elements of the component circuitry. 
     In some embodiments of a connection system according to the present disclosure, a fastener provides both a compressive force to retain the first component on the board or housing and a connection point in or on which a second component is affixed. In a particular embodiment, the fastener is connected to a board through a hole in the first component, and a shoulder of the fastener contacts the first component to affix the first component to the board. In some embodiments, the fastener allows the second component to connect to the fastener longitudinally relative to the fastener body. In some embodiments, the fastener allows the second component to connect to the fastener laterally relative to the fastener body. 
     In some embodiments, the fastener includes a body with a longitudinal axis. The body has a first end and a second end positioned at opposite ends along the longitudinal axis. The first end of the body includes a mechanical interlocking feature (e.g., a threaded surface) that allows the fastener to connect to a board, housing, or other portion of an electronic device. The second end of the body includes a head. In some embodiments, the head is configured to receive torque to drive the fastener into the board, housing, or other portion of the electronic device. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view of an embodiment of a fastener  100  according to the present disclosure. The fastener  100  has a body  102  with a mechanical interlocking feature  104  positioned at a bottom end and a head  106  at an opposite top end. The body  102  has integrally formed shoulder  108  projecting laterally from a longitudinal axis  109  of the body  102 . The neck  110  is positioned between the head  106  and the shoulder  108 . 
     The body is made of or includes, in some embodiments, a conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive material is iron, aluminum, titanium, copper, magnesium, or alloys thereof, such as steel. In some embodiments, the conductive material is a polymer or other conductive material impregnated with conductive filaments or particles. In some embodiments, the body is made of or includes a nonconductive material. In some embodiments, the nonconductive is a polymer or composite. In embodiments in which the body is composed of conductive material, the system may be arranged so that the fastener provides a path to electrical ground for one or both of the first and second components while the first and second components are connected to the fastener. In embodiments in which the body is composed of conductive material, the system may be arranged so that the fastener is part of an arrangement that provides shielding to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) for components located within the shielding (e.g., the first and/or second components). 
     In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a threaded surface. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a recess to engage with the board and/or housing. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a protrusion to engage with the board and/or housing. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener include a convex surface adapted to interlock with a concave surface of the board or housing, or vice versa. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a twist-lock feature, such as the lugs and grooves of a BNC connector, to engage with the board and/or housing. The mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener may be any feature that allows the first end of the body to engage with the board and/or housing and apply a compressive force in the longitudinal direction. 
     The head of the fastener is integrally formed with the rest of the body. In some embodiments, the head of the fastener is configured to receive a torque from a driver or other tool to rotate the fastener. In some embodiments, the head includes a groove or recess to receive a flathead, Phillips, Torx, Allen, or other format driver. In some embodiments, the head is configured to receive a longitudinal force. The longitudinal force may compress the fastener in the longitudinal direction and/or onto the board and/or housing. 
     In the embodiment of a fastener  100  illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the head  106  has a Torx plus recess to receive a Torx plus format driver. The torque around the longitudinal axis  109  and longitudinal force along the longitudinal axis  109  urges the threads of the mechanical interlocking feature  104  to engage with and connect to a board or housing of an electronic device. 
     A shoulder of the fastener may contact a first component and apply a force in the longitudinal direction to the first component. In some embodiments, the shoulder of the fastener contacts an electrical pad of the first component to provide an electrical pathway from the first component to the board and/or housing (e.g., a path to electrical ground). The shoulder projects laterally from the body perpendicularly from the longitudinal direction and is integrally formed with the body. In some embodiments, the shoulder has an upper surface and a lower surface that are substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, the shoulder has a lower surface that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and an upper surface that is curved or angled relative to the lower surface. In some embodiments, the shoulder has an upper surface that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and a lower surface that is curved or angled relative to the upper surface. In some embodiments, the shoulder has an upper surface that is curved or angled relative to a lateral direction and a lower surface that is curved or angled relative to the upper surface. 
     A fastener according to the present disclosure has a neck positioned longitudinally between the head and the shoulder. In some embodiments, the neck allows a second component to connect with and be retained by the fastener. The neck is a recess between the head and the shoulder into which a retention mechanism may engage to retain the second component. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates the fastener  100  of  FIG.  1    in a side cross-sectional view. In some embodiments, the diameters of the fastener  100  in the lateral direction vary in the longitudinal direction to form the parts of the fastener  100  while maintaining a monolithic, integrally formed fastener  100  with greater strength than a threaded rod with spacers or washers stacked thereon. In some embodiments, the head, neck, shoulder, and body of the fastener  100  are integrally formed from a single piece of material. For example, the fastener  100  may be formed by cold-forming a section of material to form the head  106 , neck  110 , and shoulder  108  features. In this example, the body  102  is then thread-rolled to create the mechanical interlocking feature  104 . 
     The shoulder  108  has a shoulder outer diameter  112  that is greater than a head outer diameter  114 . As described in detail below, the shoulder outer diameter being greater than the head outer diameter allows a bracket to couple to the neck  110  while inhibiting the bracket from contacting the first component In some embodiments, the shoulder outer diameter  112  and head outer diameter  114  have a shoulder diameter ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is greater than 1.1. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is less than 3.0. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is between 1.1 and 3.0. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is between 1.5 and 2.5. As described further below, in some embodiments, it is critical that the shoulder diameter ratio is greater than 1.5, e.g., so that a mechanical interlocking feature (e.g., clips) of a bracket can contact and bias against both the shoulder and the head of the fastener. 
     The neck  110  has a neck outer diameter  116  that is less than the head outer diameter  114 . As described in detail below, the neck outer diameter being less than the head outer diameter allows the second component to couple to the neck  110  while inhibiting the second component from becoming disconnected from the fastener. In some embodiments, the neck outer diameter  116  and head outer diameter  114  have a neck diameter ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is greater than 0.3. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is less than 0.95. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is between 0.3 and 0.9. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is between 0.5 and 0.75. In some embodiments, it is critical the neck diameter ratio is less than 0.8. In some embodiments, it is critical the neck diameter is greater than a diameter of the bottom end and mechanical interlocking feature to provide sufficient stability to the bracket supported by engagement with the neck. In some embodiments, the neck and shoulder have the same outer diameter (e.g., the neck outer diameter and shoulder outer diameter are equal). 
       FIG.  3    illustrates the fastener  100  of  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  2    in a side cross-sectional view. In some embodiments, the height of the parts of the fastener  100  in the longitudinal direction provide a monolithic, integrally formed fastener  100  with greater strength than a threaded rod with spacers or washers stacked thereon. 
     In some embodiments, the fastener  100  has a total height  118  from the first end to the second end in the longitudinal direction (e.g., from the mechanical interlocking feature to the head). The shoulder  108  has a shoulder height  120 . In some embodiments, the shoulder height  120  and total height  118  have a shoulder height ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.05, 0.075. 0.10, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.20, 0.25, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is greater than 0.05. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is less than 0.25. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is between 0.05 and 0.25. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is between 0.10 and 0.20. In some embodiments, it is critical the shoulder height ratio is greater than 0.10 to maintain sufficient proportional strength of the shoulder  108  relative to the other areas of the fastener  100  so the shoulder  108  does not buckle, fold, bend, or otherwise deform under forces applied to other areas of the fastener  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the shoulder height  120  is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.3 millimeters (mm), 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a shoulder height  120  is greater than 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the shoulder height  120  is less than 0.8 mm. In some embodiments, the shoulder height  120  is between 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm. In some embodiments, the shoulder height  120  is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm. 
     In some embodiments, the neck  110  has a neck height  122 . In some embodiments, the neck height  122  and total height  118  have a neck height ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.025, 0.05, 0.075. 0.10, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.20, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is greater than 0.025. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is less than 0.20. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is between 0.025 and 0.20. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is between 0.05 and 0.10. In some embodiments, it is critical the neck height ratio is greater than 0.05 to maintain sufficient proportional strength of a contact between retention features of a bracket and the fastener  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the neck height  122  is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a neck height  122  is greater than 0.25 mm. In some embodiments, the neck height  122  is less than 0.6 mm. In some embodiments, the neck height  122  is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the neck height  122  is between 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm. 
     In some embodiments, a distance in the longitudinal direction from a bottom surface of the shoulder  108  to the top of the head  106  (e.g., the shoulder, neck, and head) defines a connector height  124 . In some embodiments, the connector height  124  and total height  118  have a connector height ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is greater than 0.10. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is less than 0.70. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is between 0.10 and 0.70. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is between 0.25 and 0.6. In some embodiments, it is critical the connector height ratio is less than 0.50 so that the fastener does not require an increase to a dimension (z-height) of the device in which it is installed. 
     In some embodiments, the connector height  124  is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a connector height  124  is greater than 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the connector height  124  is less than 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the connector height  124  is between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the connector height  124  is between 1.0 mm and 1.4 mm. In some embodiments, it is critical that the connector height  124  is less than 1.3 mm, e.g., so that the fastener does not require an increase to a dimension (z-height) of the device in which it is installed. 
     In some embodiments, the total height  118  is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5 mm, 1.75 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.25 mm, 2.5 mm 2.75 mm, 3.0 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a total height  118  is greater than 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the total height  118  is less than 3.0 mm, e.g., so that the fastener does not require an increase to a dimension (z-height) of the device in which it is installed. In some embodiments, the total height  118  is between 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm. In some embodiments, the total height  118  is between 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm. 
     A retention system according to the present disclosure may include a fastener according to any of the embodiments described herein and a bracket that connects to the second end of the fastener (e.g., to the neck of the fastener). In some embodiments, the bracket is rigid, semi-rigid, elastic, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the bracket applies a compressive force to an electronic component or other component of an electronic device to hold the component in place. In some embodiments, the bracket is an electronic component of the electronic device. For example, the bracket may be a printed circuit board or other electronic component. In some embodiments, the bracket connects to the fastener to facilitate a board-to-board B2B connection. In some embodiments, the bracket is radiopaque and provides electromagnetic (EM) shielding to an electronic component covered by the bracket. 
     Embodiments of brackets according to the present disclosure include an aperture therein through which a portion of the fastener is positioned to connect the fastener and the bracket. In some embodiments, the aperture further includes a retention mechanism configured to engage with the fastener to connect the bracket to the fastener. The retention mechanism connects to the fastener above the shoulder. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism engages with the neck of the fastener and contacts a portion of the head adjacent the neck to limit and/or prevent movement of the bracket in the longitudinal direction of the fastener. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism is integrally formed with the bracket. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism is affixed to the bracket. In a particular embodiment, the retention mechanism is affixed in an aperture of a conventional electronic component to allow the conventional electronic component to be a bracket according to the present disclosure and connect to the fastener, as described herein. 
       FIG.  4    is a perspective view of an embodiment of a fastener  200  and a bracket  226 . The fastener  200  may be any embodiment of a fastener described herein (e.g., fastener  100  of  FIG.  1   ). The fastener  200  is connectable to the bracket  226  through an aperture  228  of the bracket  226 . The embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  4    includes an integrally formed retention mechanism  230  (e.g., a plurality of semi-rigid protrusions) in the aperture  228  that engages with the fastener  200 . 
     In some embodiments, the aperture  228  and retention mechanism  230  allow the bracket  226  to connect to the fastener  200  after the fastener  200  has been affixed to a board and/or housing. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism  230  and fastener  200  allow the bracket  226  and fastener  200  to rotate relative to one another, such as with the smooth surfaces of the neck of the fastener illustrated and describe in relation to  FIG.  1  through  3   . In some embodiments, the retention mechanism includes deformable clips, wings, tabs, clasps, etc. that allow the bracket to snap onto the head and engage with the neck of the fastener. In some embodiments, the aperture is tapered in a lateral direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the fastener, and the tapered edges of the aperture are the retention mechanism. The aperture is tapered to allow a wide portion of the aperture with a larger clip width to pass over the head but not the shoulder, e.g., due to the head and shoulder ratios described above. The taper then reduces the clip width toward a narrow portion with a second smaller clip width, which is smaller than the head outer diameter and engages with the neck to retain the bracket on the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, the bracket  226  includes a tab  232 , or other engagement feature, at an edge of the bracket. In some embodiments, the edge is remote from, or opposite of, a portion with the aperture  228  and retention mechanism  230 . The tab may engage with a slot or clip on the board and/or housing to limit and/or prevent movement of the second end relative to the board and/or housing after the retention mechanism engages with the fastener. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism is located in a first half of the bracket opposite the edge with the tab. In some embodiments, the bracket includes a plurality of engagement features, such as tabs or clips, to position and secure the bracket within the device. In some embodiments, the bracket has a plurality of retention mechanism configured to engage with a plurality of fasteners, according to the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  5    is a side view of the fastener  200  and bracket  226  of  FIG.  4    affixing a first component  234  to a board  236 . In some embodiments, the fastener  200  is threaded into the board  236  and the shoulder  208  applies a force In some embodiments, the tab  232  of the bracket  226  is positioned in the slot  238  and/or under an overhang of the slot  238 , and the bracket  226  is then forced downward (pivoting and/or rotating around the tab  232  in the slot  238 ) onto the fastener  200 . 
     In some embodiments, the retention mechanism has a clip width that is the shortest distance across the aperture. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism includes at least one elastically deformable clip that elastically deforms around the head of the fastener. In the elastically deformed state, the clip width of the retention mechanism is greater than the head diameter. In the elastically undeformed state (e.g., a restored state), the clip width is less than the head diameter. In this way the bracket connects at the neck of the fastener with the fastener head preventing the bracket from becoming detached and the fastener shoulder preventing contact between the bracket and the first component. 
       FIG.  6    is a top view of the embodiment of a fastener  200  and bracket  226  of  FIG.  5    and  FIG.  4   . The retention mechanism  230  includes a plurality of clips  240  that elastically deform to an elastically deformed state around the head  206  of the fastener  200  to open up the retention mechanism  230  when the bracket  226  moves downward. The clips  240  elastically restore to the original clip width  242  to catch under the head  206  and inside the neck  210 . 
     In some embodiments, the fastener connects a first electronic component of an electronic device to a board and/or housing of the electronic device, and the bracket is a second electronic component of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the fastener connects a first electronic component of an electronic device to a board and/or housing of the electronic device, and the bracket is an EMI shield for the first electronic component. In some embodiments, the fastener connects a first electronic component of an electronic device to a board and/or housing of the electronic device, and the bracket is applies a compressive force to a second electronic component of the electronic device to hold the second electronic component to the first electronic component, and optionally provide heat dissipation, electrically grounding, and/or EMI shielding for the second electronic component. 
     In some embodiments, a fastener and bracket of the present disclosure allow for simplified assembly of electronic devices as compared to conventional assembly methods. In some embodiments, a fastener and bracket of the present disclosure allow for simplified disassembly of electronic devices as compared to conventional disassembly methods (e.g., removal of the bracket and/or second component without removing the fastener and/or first component). In some embodiments, a fastener and bracket of the present disclosure allow for stronger assembly of electronic devices as compared to conventional assembly methods. 
       FIG.  7    is a side cross-sectional view of an electronic device with a plurality of components retained by a fastener  300  and a bracket  326 , according to the present disclosure. The fastener  300  applies a compressive force to affix a first component  334  to the housing  344  by threading into a boss  346  of the housing  346 . After the fastener is threaded into the boss  346 , a second component  348  is positioned on the first component  334 . The bracket  326  is positioned on top of the second component  348  by engaging the tab  332  with a slot  338  of the housing  334  and forcing the bracket  326  downward onto the fastener  300 . The clips  340  of the bracket  326  engage with the neck  310  to connect the bracket  326  to the fastener  300 . The bracket  326  further retains the second component  348  in contact with the first component  334 . 
       FIG.  8    is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method  450  of manufacturing an electronic device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a method  450  includes affixing ( 452 ) a first component of an electronic device to a board or housing of the electronic device with any embodiment of a fastener described herein. After affixing the first component, a bracket, which may be an electronic component of the electronic device, EM shielding for the electronic device, a thermal dissipation component, or a structural component of the electronic device, is then positioned ( 454 ) relative to the first component and the fastener. The method further includes applying ( 456 ) a force to the bracket to move the bracket relative to the fastener and connect the bracket to the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, the force is applied to the bracket and moves the bracket in a longitudinal direction (e.g., downward) of the fastener. In some embodiments, the force is applied to the bracket and moves the bracket in a lateral direction (e.g., sideways) of the fastener. In some embodiments, the force is applied to the bracket and moves the bracket in both a longitudinal and lateral direction of the fastener. 
       FIG.  9    is a system diagram of another embodiment of a system for retaining components in an electronic device. In some embodiments, the fastener  500  has a neck outer diameter that is equal to a shoulder outer diameter. The shoulder  508  contacts and applies a compressive force to the first component  534  against the housing  544 . In some embodiments, the bracket  526  contacts and connects to the lateral surface of the neck  510  and/or shoulder  508  underneath a lower surface of the head  506  to retain the bracket  526  under the head  506  of the fastener  500  and apply a compressive force to the second component  548  to hold the second component  548  against the first component  534 . In some embodiments, the bracket  526  is any embodiment of a bracket described herein. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present disclosure relates generally to fasteners for coupling and retaining components. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for retaining components in an electronic device by affixing a fastener to a board, housing, or support, where the fastener connects at least two components to the board, housing, or support. In some embodiments, a fastener provides a compressive force to retain the first component while a second component connects or couples to a neck of the fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener is affixed to a board first and a second component is subsequently connected or coupled to the neck of the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, an electronic component includes a plurality of components that stacked in a vertical direction relative to a board or a housing. In conventional electronic devices, the first and second component are positioned on a board or housing and then both are retained by connecting a fastener through both components to the board or housing. This design requires both components to be positioned prior to connecting the fastener. Additionally, removal of the fastener will disconnect both of the components. However, a user may desire to affix only one of the components, such as to replace or repair the second component without removing the first component. Unnecessary movement of the components can risk damaging elements of the components, such as connection prongs, wires, transistors, capacitors, or other elements of the component circuitry. 
     In some embodiments of a connection system according to the present disclosure, a fastener provides both a compressive force to retain the first component on the board or housing and a connection point in or on which a second component is affixed. In a particular embodiment, the fastener is connected to a board through a hole in the first component, and a shoulder of the fastener contacts the first component to affix the first component to the board. In some embodiments, the fastener allows the second component to connect to the fastener longitudinally relative to the fastener body. In some embodiments, the fastener allows the second component to connect to the fastener laterally relative to the fastener body. 
     In some embodiments, the fastener includes a body with a longitudinal axis. The body has a first end and a second end positioned at opposite ends along the longitudinal axis. The first end of the body includes a mechanical interlocking feature (e.g., a threaded surface) that allows the fastener to connect to a board, housing, or other portion of an electronic device. The second end of the body includes a head. In some embodiments, the head is configured to receive torque to drive the fastener into the board, housing, or other portion of the electronic device. 
     The body is made of or includes, in some embodiments, a conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive material is iron, aluminum, titanium, copper, magnesium, or alloys thereof, such as steel. In some embodiments, the conductive material is a polymer or other conductive material impregnated with conductive filaments or particles. In some embodiments, the body is made of or includes a nonconductive material. In some embodiments, the nonconductive is a polymer or composite. In embodiments in which the body is composed of conductive material, the system may be arranged so that the fastener provides a path to electrical ground for one or both of the first and second components while the first and second components are connected to the fastener. In embodiments in which the body is composed of conductive material, the system may be arranged so that the fastener is part of an arrangement that provides shielding to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) for components located within the shielding (e.g., the first and/or second components). 
     In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a threaded surface. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a recess to engage with the board and/or housing. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a protrusion to engage with the board and/or housing. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener include a convex surface adapted to interlock with a concave surface of the board or housing, or vice versa. In some embodiments, the mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener includes a twist-lock feature, such as the lugs and grooves of a BNC connector, to engage with the board and/or housing. The mechanical interlocking feature(s) of the fastener may be any feature that allows the first end of the body to engage with the board and/or housing and apply a compressive force in the longitudinal direction. 
     The head of the fastener is integrally formed with the rest of the body. In some embodiments, the head of the fastener is configured to receive a torque from a driver or other tool to rotate the fastener. In some embodiments, the head includes a groove or recess to receive a flathead, Phillips, Torx Plus, Allen, or other format driver. In some embodiments, the head is configured to receive a longitudinal force. The longitudinal force may compress the fastener in the longitudinal direction and/or onto the board and/or housing. 
     A shoulder of the fastener may contact a first component and apply a force in the longitudinal direction to the first component. In some embodiments, the shoulder of the fastener contacts an electrical pad of the first component to provide an electrical pathway from the first component to the board and/or housing (e.g., a path to electrical ground). The shoulder projects laterally from the body perpendicularly from the longitudinal direction and is integrally formed with the body. In some embodiments, the shoulder has an upper surface and a lower surface that are substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, the shoulder has a lower surface that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and an upper surface that is curved or angled relative to the lower surface. In some embodiments, the shoulder has an upper surface that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and a lower surface that is curved or angled relative to the upper surface. In some embodiments, the shoulder has an upper surface that is curved or angled relative to a lateral direction and a lower surface that is curved or angled relative to the upper surface. 
     A fastener according to the present disclosure has a neck positioned longitudinally between the head and the shoulder. In some embodiments, the neck allows a second component to connect with and be retained by the fastener. The neck is a recess between the head and the shoulder into which a retention mechanism may engage to retain the second component. 
     The shoulder has a shoulder outer diameter that is greater than a head outer diameter. In some embodiments, the shoulder outer diameter and head outer diameter have a shoulder diameter ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is greater than 1.1. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is less than 3.0. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is between 1.1 and 3.0. In some embodiments, the shoulder diameter ratio is between 1.5 and 2.5. In some embodiments, it is critical the shoulder diameter ratio is greater than 1.5. 
     The neck has a neck outer diameter that is less than the head outer diameter. In some embodiments, the neck outer diameter and head outer diameter have a neck diameter ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is greater than 0.3. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is less than 0.95. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is between 0.3 and 0.9. In some embodiments, the neck diameter ratio is between 0.5 and 0.75. In some embodiments, it is critical the neck diameter ratio is less than 0.8. In some embodiments, it is critical the neck diameter ratio is greater than a diameter of the bottom end and mechanical interlocking feature. In some embodiments, the neck and shoulder have the same outer diameter (e.g., the neck outer diameter and shoulder outer diameter are equal). 
     In some embodiments, the fastener has a total height from the first end to the second end in the longitudinal direction (e.g., from the mechanical interlocking feature to the head). The shoulder has a shoulder height. In some embodiments, the shoulder height and total height have a shoulder height ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.05, 0.075. 0.10, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.20, 0.25, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is greater than 0.05. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is less than 0.25. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is between 0.05 and 0.25. In some embodiments, the shoulder height ratio is between 0.10 and 0.20. In some embodiments, it is critical the shoulder height ratio is greater than 0.10. 
     In some embodiments, the shoulder height is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.3 millimeters (mm), 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a shoulder height is greater than 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the shoulder height is less than 0.8 mm. In some embodiments, the shoulder height is between 0.3 mm and 0.8 mm. In some embodiments, the shoulder height is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm. 
     In some embodiments, the neck has a neck height. In some embodiments, the neck height and total height have a neck height ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.025, 0.05, 0.075. 0.10, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.20, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is greater than 0.025. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is less than 0.20. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is between 0.025 and 0.20. In some embodiments, the neck height ratio is between 0.05 and 0.10. In some embodiments, it is critical the neck height ratio is greater than 0.05. 
     In some embodiments, the neck height is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a neck height is greater than 0.25 mm. In some embodiments, the neck height is less than 0.6 mm. In some embodiments, the neck height is between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the neck height is between 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm. 
     In some embodiments, a distance in the longitudinal direction from a bottom surface of the shoulder to the top of the head (e.g., the shoulder, neck, and head) defines a connector height. In some embodiments, the connector height and total height have a connector height ratio in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is greater than 0.10. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is less than 0.70. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is between 0.10 and 0.70. In some embodiments, the connector height ratio is between 0.25 and 0.6. In some embodiments, it is critical the connector height ratio is less than 0.50. 
     In some embodiments, the connector height is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a connector height is greater than 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the connector height is less than 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the connector height is between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the connector height is between 1.0 mm and 1.4 mm. In some embodiments, it is critical that the connector height is less than 1.3 mm so that the fastener does not require an increase to a dimension (z-height) of the device in which it is installed. 
     In some embodiments, the total height is in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1.5 mm, 1.75 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.25 mm, 2.5 mm 2.75 mm, 3.0 mm, or any values therebetween. In some embodiments, a total height is greater than 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the total height is less than 3.0 mm. In some embodiments, the total height is between 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm. In some embodiments, the total height is between 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm so that the fastener does not require an increase to a dimension (z-height) of the device in which it is installed. 
     A retention system according to the present disclosure may include a fastener according to any of the embodiments described herein and a bracket that connects to the second end of the fastener. In some embodiments, the bracket is rigid, semi-rigid, elastic, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the bracket applies a compressive force to an electronic component or other component of an electronic device to hold the component in place. In some embodiments, the bracket is an electronic component of the electronic device. For example, the bracket may be a printed circuit board or other electronic component. In some embodiments, the bracket connects to the fastener to facilitate a board-to-board B2B connection. In some embodiments, the bracket is radiopaque and provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to an electronic component covered by the bracket. 
     Embodiments of brackets according to the present disclosure include an aperture therein through which a portion of the fastener is positioned to connect the fastener and the bracket. In some embodiments, the aperture further includes a retention mechanism configured to engage with the fastener to connect the bracket to the fastener. The retention mechanism connects to the fastener above the shoulder. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism engages with the neck of the fastener and contacts a portion of the head adjacent the neck to limit and/or prevent movement of the bracket in the longitudinal direction of the fastener. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism is integrally formed with the bracket. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism is affixed to the bracket. In a particular embodiment, the retention mechanism is affixed in an aperture of a conventional electronic component to allow the conventional electronic component to be a bracket according to the present disclosure and connect to the fastener, as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the aperture and retention mechanism allow the bracket to connect to the fastener after the fastener has been affixed to a board and/or housing. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism includes deformable clips, wings, tabs, clasps, etc. that allow the bracket to snap onto the head and engage with the neck of the fastener. In some embodiments, the aperture is tapered in a lateral direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the fastener. The aperture is tapered to allow a wide portion of the aperture with a larger clip width to pass over the head but not the shoulder. The taper then reduces the clip width toward a narrow portion with a second smaller clip width, which is smaller than the head outer diameter and engages with the neck to retain the bracket on the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, the bracket includes a tab at a second end opposite the aperture and retention mechanism. The tab may engage with a slot or clip on the board and/or housing to limit and/or prevent movement of the second end relative to the board and/or housing after the retention mechanism engages with the fastener. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism is located in a first half of the bracket opposite the second end with the tab. In some embodiments, the bracket has a plurality of retention mechanism configured to engage with a plurality of fasteners, according to the present disclosure. 
     In some embodiments, the retention mechanism has a clip width that is the shortest distance across the aperture. In some embodiments, the retention mechanism includes at least one elastically deformable clip that elastically deforms around the head of the fastener. In the elastically deformed state, the clip width of the retention mechanism is greater than the head diameter. In the elastically undeformed state (e.g., a restored state), the clip width is less than the head diameter. 
     In some embodiments, the fastener connects a first electronic component of an electronic device to a board and/or housing of the electronic device, and the bracket is a second electronic component of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the fastener connects a first electronic component of an electronic device to a board and/or housing of the electronic device, and the bracket is an EM shield for the first electronic component. In some embodiments, the fastener connects a first electronic component of an electronic device to a board and/or housing of the electronic device, and the bracket is applies a compressive force to a second electronic component of the electronic device to hold the second electronic component to the first electronic component. 
     In some embodiments, a fastener and bracket of the present disclosure allow for simplified assembly of electronic devices as compared to conventional assembly methods. In some embodiments, a fastener and bracket of the present disclosure allow for stronger assembly of electronic devices as compared to conventional assembly methods. 
     A method of manufacturing an electronic device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, includes affixing a first component of an electronic device to a board or housing of the electronic device with any embodiment of a fastener described herein. After affixing the first component, a bracket, which may be an electronic component of the electronic device, EMI shielding for the electronic device, or a structural component of the electronic device, is then positioned relative to the first component and the fastener. The method further includes applying a force to the bracket to move the bracket relative to the fastener and connect the bracket to the fastener. 
     In some embodiments, the force is applied to the bracket and moves the bracket in a longitudinal direction (e.g., downward) of the fastener. In some embodiments, the force is applied to the bracket and moves the bracket in a lateral direction (e.g., sideways) of the fastener. In some embodiments, the force is applied to the bracket and moves the bracket in both a longitudinal and lateral direction of the fastener. 
     The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for retaining components in an electronic device according to at least the examples provided in the sections below:
     1. A fastener (e.g., fastener  100 ) for retaining a plurality of components within an electronic device, the fastener comprising:
       a body (e.g., body  102 ) having a bottom end and a top end, a longitudinal direction (e.g., longitudinal axis  109 ) extending between the bottom end and the top end;   a mechanical interlocking feature (e.g., mechanical interlocking feature  104 ) integrally formed with the bottom end;   a head (e.g., head  106 ) integrally formed with the top end;   a shoulder (e.g., shoulder  108 ) integrally formed with the body and positioned between the mechanical interlocking feature and the head; and   a neck (e.g., neck  110 ) positioned between the shoulder and the head, wherein a neck outer diameter is less than a head outer diameter and a shoulder outer diameter.   
       2. The fastener of section 1, wherein a distance in the longitudinal direction from a bottom surface of the shoulder to a top surface of the head is less than 1.3 millimeters.   3. The fastener of section 1 or 2, wherein a neck height is less than 0.25 millimeters.   4. The fastener of any preceding section, wherein the shoulder outer diameter is greater than the head outer diameter.   5. The fastener of any preceding section, wherein a total height of the body is less than 3 millimeters.   6. The fastener of section 5, wherein the shoulder outer diameter is greater than a total height of the body.   7. The fastener of any preceding section, wherein a shoulder height in the longitudinal direction is greater than a neck height.   8. The fastener of any preceding section, wherein the neck outer diameter is greater than a bottom end outer diameter.   9. A system for retaining a component in an electronic device, the system comprising:
       the fastener (e.g., fastener  100 ,  200 ,  300 ) of any preceding claim; and   a bracket (e.g., bracket  226 ,  326 ) including:
           an aperture (e.g., aperture  228 ) therethrough, the aperture having a width greater than the head outer diameter of the fastener, and   at least one retention mechanism (e.g., retention mechanism  230 ) in the aperture, the retention mechanism configured to engage with the neck of the fastener.   
           
       10. The system of section 9, the retention mechanism including an elastically deformable clip, wherein the clip defines a clip width (e.g., the distance between the arms of the clip) less than the head outer diameter.   11. The system of section 10, wherein the clip width is less than the neck outer diameter in an elastically undeformed state.   12. The system of any of sections 9-11, wherein the bracket is a board-to-board connector.   13. The system of any of sections 9-12, wherein the retention mechanism allows rotation of the fastener relative to the bracket.   14. The system of any of sections 9-13, wherein the retention mechanism is integrally formed with the bracket.   15. A method of manufacturing an electronic device, the method comprising:
       positioning a first component relative to a housing;   affixing ( 452 ) the first component to the housing using the fastener of any of sections 1-8;   positioning ( 454 ) a bracket relative to the first component and the fastener; and   applying ( 456 ) a force to the bracket toward the fastener to affix the bracket to the fastener.   
       

     The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements in the preceding descriptions. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. For example, any element described in relation to an embodiment herein may be combinable with any element of any other embodiment described herein. Numbers, percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein are intended to include that value, and also other values that are “about” or “approximately” the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art encompassed by embodiments of the present disclosure. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result. The stated values include at least the variation to be expected in a suitable manufacturing or production process, and may include values that are within 5%, within 1%, within 0.1%, or within 0.01% of a stated value. 
     A person having ordinary skill in the art should realize in view of the present disclosure that equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations may be made to embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Equivalent constructions, including functional “means-plus-function” clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function, including both structural equivalents that operate in the same manner, and equivalent structures that provide the same function. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke means-plus-function or other functional claiming for any claim except for those in which the words ‘means for’ appear together with an associated function. Each addition, deletion, and modification to the embodiments that falls within the meaning and scope of the claims is to be embraced by the claims. 
     It should be understood that any directions or reference frames in the preceding description are merely relative directions or movements. For example, any references to “front” and “back” or “top” and “bottom” or “left” and “right” are merely descriptive of the relative position or movement of the related elements. 
     The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.