Patent Publication Number: US-2023137080-A1

Title: System and method for a multi-channel antenna system

Description:
PRIORITY INFORMATION 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/520,093, filed Jul. 23, 2019, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     This application is related to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/129,136, filed on Sep. 12, 2018, entitled “COMPACT RADAR SYSTEM” (Attorney Docket: 157-0013), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/557,726, filed on Sep. 12, 2017, entitled “COMPACT RADAR SYSTEM”, the contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present technology pertains to radar technologies, and more specifically to a multi-channel antenna design. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Radio signals produced by radar technologies can vary in terms of clarity and completeness, which can affect the performance quality and accuracy of the radar system. Many times, signals sent or received by a radar system can create or experience signal noise, clutter, jamming, etc., further degrading the performance of the radar system. Moreover, the detection range and field of view (FOV) of radar systems are often limited, resulting in reduced awareness of the environment and surrounding objects. In some cases, beamforming and beamsteering techniques can be implemented by a radar system to improve the performance of the radar system. Beamforming and beamsteering allow a radar system to tailor the shape and direction of antenna beams in order to target certain objects, avoid unwanted targets, or limit signal noise and clutter. 
     Beamforming and beamsteering can be accomplished using digital or analog techniques, both of which have different tradeoffs. For example, digital beamsteering can provide a larger instantaneous field of view for a given aperture than analog beamsteering, as it allows data to be collected and subsequently used for steering. However, digital beamsteering can be expensive—particularly when a larger aperture is needed—as it generally requires more hardware for a large amount of channels, and can impose a heavy computational burden which often requires more powerful computing devices. On the other hand, analog beamsteering can implement a large amount of channels formed using analog arrays and thereby provide cost, power, and complexity savings. Unfortunately, the benefits of analog beamsteering often come at the expense of performance and quality. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features can be obtained, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific implementations thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only example implementations of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principles herein will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an example architecture for a multi-channel RX array system  100 , in accordance with some examples; 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example design of channel patterns and beam shapes, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a chart plotting example patterns generated by a multi-channel RX array system, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIG.  4    illustrates example patterns generated by a multi-channel RX array system, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIG.  5    illustrates an example configuration of a TX array system for steering and transmitting signals, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIGS.  6 A and  6 B  illustrate example array configurations of antenna elements, in accordance with some examples; 
         FIG.  6 C  illustrates a rectangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a four element rectangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 D  illustrates a rectangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in an eight element rectangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 E  illustrates a rectangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a twelve element rectangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 F  illustrates a rectangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a sixteen element rectangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 G  illustrates a rectangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a twenty element rectangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 H  illustrates a rectangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a twenty-four element rectangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 I  illustrates a triangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a four element triangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 J  illustrates a triangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in an eight element triangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 K  illustrates a triangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a twelve element triangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 L  illustrates a triangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a sixteen element triangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 M  illustrates a triangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a twenty element triangular channel; 
         FIG.  6 N  illustrates a triangular grid depicting an example configuration of antenna elements in a twenty-four element triangular channel; 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an example method for combining digital and analog beamsteering in a channelized antenna array, in accordance with some examples; and 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a computer system architecture for an example computing device which can be used to implement computing operations, in accordance with some examples. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the following description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description. 
     References to one or an embodiment in the present disclosure can refer to the same embodiment or any disclosed embodiment. For example, reference to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that any features, concepts, structures, and/or characteristics described in connection with such embodiment(s) are included in at least such embodiment(s) of the disclosure, but are not limited to such embodiment(s) and can indeed be included in any other embodiment(s) of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment” or “in some embodiments” in various places in the disclosure are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment(s), nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. 
     The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions and description will control. 
     Alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, and no special significance should be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. In some cases, synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. 
     The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any example term. Note that titles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of a reader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. 
     Without intent to limit the scope of the disclosure, examples of instruments, apparatus, methods and their related results according to embodiments of the present disclosure are given below. However, the disclosure is not limited to the examples or embodiments described in this specification. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the principles disclosed herein. The features and advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments, elements and techniques particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, and/or can be learned by the practice of the principles set forth herein. 
     Overview 
     Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer-readable media for combining digital and analog beamsteering in a channelized antenna array. The multi-channel antenna design and steering techniques described herein can provide significant savings in the size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) of antennas, as well as a larger instantaneous field of view (FOV), high update rates, and better antenna coverage and cross-section (RCS) performance. For example, the combination of digital and analog beamforming and beamsteering techniques implemented by the multi-channel antenna design herein can increase signal efficiency and accuracy while suppressing noise, clutter, and jamming. The multi-channel antenna design can isolate or null certain signal reflections to avoid noise, error, and interference. 
     In some aspects, a method is provided for implementing a multi-channel antenna array configured to perform a combination of digital and analog beamsteering. An example method can include receiving one or more signals at each of a plurality of groups of antenna elements, each group of antenna elements defining a respective channel from a plurality of channels, and steering, using analog steering, a respective signal pattern generated by each respective channel based on the one or more signals, the respective signal pattern being steered in a respective direction to yield a steered analog signal pattern. 
     The example method can further include converting the steered analog signal pattern associated with each respective channel into a respective digital signal and, based on the respective digital signal, generating, using digital steering, one or more steered digital signal patterns, the one or more steered digital signal patterns being steered within the steered analog signal pattern associated with the respective digital signal. 
     In some aspects, a system is provided for implementing a multi-channel antenna array configured to perform a combination of digital and analog beamsteering. An example system can include a plurality of groups of antenna elements configured to receive one or more signals at each of the plurality of groups of antenna elements, where each group of antenna elements defines a respective channel from a plurality of channels and each respective channel is configured to generate a respective signal pattern based on the one or more signals and steer the respective signal pattern in a respective direction using analog steering to yield a steered analog signal pattern. 
     The example system can further include one or more processing elements configured to convert the steered analog signal pattern associated with each respective channel into a respective digital signal and, based on the respective digital signal, generate, using digital steering, one or more steered digital signal patterns. The one or more steered digital signal patterns can be steered within the steered analog signal pattern associated with the respective digital signal. 
     In some cases, generating the one or more steered digital signal patterns can include based on the respective digital signal associated with at least one of the plurality of channels, steering one or more nulls in one or more directions associated with a source of interference and/or an unwanted target, and steering a plurality of digital signals associated with a set of channels from the plurality of channels. In some examples, the one or more directions can be at least partly within the steered analog signal pattern, and the plurality of digital signals can be steered in one or more different directions associated with one or more targets. 
     In some implementations, at least one of the plurality of digital signals and/or the one or more nulls can be steered based on data collected via at least one of the plurality of channels. In some cases, at least a portion of the data can be collected from at least one of the one or more signals received at each of the plurality of groups of antenna elements. Moreover, each respective channel can include a group of antenna elements, phase shifters and/or amplifier elements, and each antenna element from the group of antenna elements can be associated with a phase shifter and/or at least one amplifier element. The at least one amplifier element can include, for example, a low-noise amplifier and/or a variable-gain amplifier. 
     In some aspects, receiving the one or more signals can include receiving a signal at each antenna element associated with each respective channel, and steering the respective signal pattern can include applying, at each respective channel and to each signal received at each antenna element, the low-noise amplifier associated with the antenna element to yield a first respective modified signal; applying, at each respective channel and to the first respective modified signal, the phase shifter associated with the antenna element to yield a second respective modified signal; applying, to the second respective modified signal, the variable-gain amplifier associated with the antenna element to yield a third respective modified signal; and performing a summation of the third respective modified signal associated with each antenna element to yield an output representing the steered analog signal pattern. 
     In some aspects, generating one or more steered digital signal patterns can include generating a plurality of steered digital beams, with each of the plurality of steered digital beams being associated with one or more of the plurality of channels and each of the plurality of steered digital beams being steered in a different direction within the steered analog signal pattern. 
     In some cases, the plurality of channel patterns can have a tiled arrangement such that all of the plurality of channel patterns fit together within the steered analog signal pattern without overlapping. Moreover, in some implementations, at least some of the plurality of channel patterns can have a circular shape, a partly circular shape, a same shape, a tillable shape, one or more different shapes, a diamond shape, an elliptical shape and/or a tiled arrangement. Also, in some implementations, the plurality of channels can include at least three channels. 
     In some aspects, the plurality of groups of antenna elements and the plurality of channels can be part of a radar system. Moreover, in some cases, each group of antenna elements (and each respective channel) can include at least two different antenna elements, for example. 
     In some aspects, steering the one or more signals in the respective direction to yield the steered analog signal pattern can include steering one or more nulls in one or more directions associated with at least one of a source of interference and an unwanted target, the one or more directions being at least partly within the steered analog signal pattern; and steering a plurality of analog signals associated with a set of channels from the plurality of channels, the plurality of analog signals being steered in one or more different directions associated with one or more targets. 
     Moreover, in some examples, steering at least one of the plurality of analog signals and the one or more nulls can be based on data collected via at least one of the plurality of channels, and at least a portion of the data can be collected from at least one of the one or more signals received at each of the plurality of groups of antenna elements. 
     Description of Example Embodiments 
     The present technology will be described in the following disclosure as follows. The disclosure begins with a discussion of example systems, configurations and techniques for implementing a multi-channel antenna array configured to perform a combination of digital and analog beamsteering, as shown in  FIGS.  1  through  6   . A discussion of an example method for performing a combination of digital and analog beamsteering using a multi-channel antenna array, as shown in  FIG.  7   , will then follow. The discussion concludes with a description of an example computing device architecture, as illustrated in  FIG.  8   , including example hardware components that can be implemented by radar systems and computing devices. 
     The disclosure now turns to  FIG.  1   , which illustrates an example architecture for a multi-channel RX array system  100 . In some examples, the multi-channel RX array system  100  can be a receiver (RX) antenna system. Moreover, the multi-channel RX array system  100  can include multiple channels  102 ,  104 ,  106 . Each of the channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  can include a group of antenna elements (e.g.,  112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N), a group of low-noise amplifiers or LNAs (e.g.,  114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N), a group of phase shifters (e.g.,  116 A-N,  124 A-N,  132 A-N), and/or a group of variable gain amplifiers or VGAs (e.g.,  118 A-N,  126 A-N,  134 A-N). 
     For example, channel  102  can include antenna elements  112 A-N, low-noise amplifiers  114 A-N, phase shifters  116 A-N, and variable gain amplifiers  118 A-N; channel  104  can include antenna elements  120 A-N, low-noise amplifiers  122 A-N, phase shifters  124 A-N, and variable gain amplifiers  126 A-N; and channel  106  can include antenna elements  128 A-N, low-noise amplifiers  130 A-N, phase shifters  132 A-N, and variable gain amplifiers  134 A-N. 
     Each of the channel  102 ,  104 ,  106  can perform analog beamsteering to steer signals received by the antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) associated with that channel. For example, the respective antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) in each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can respectively receive one or more signals, such as radar returns, and use respective LNAs ( 114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N), phase shifters ( 116 A-N,  124 A-N,  132 A-N), and VGAs ( 118 A-N,  126 A-N,  134 A-N) from the channel associated with the respective antenna elements to perform analog steering and generate an analog beam or signal pattern based on the received signals. 
     Each antenna element ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) in each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can be associated with a specific LNA, phase shifter, and VGA, which can implemented to steer (using analog steering) one or more signals received by each antenna element in each channel and generate an analog signal pattern. For example, antenna elements  112 A,  112 B, and  112 N in channel  102  can respectively be associated with LNAs  114 A,  114 B, and  114 N, phase shifters  116 A,  116 B,  116 N, and VGAs  118 A,  118 B, and  118 N. Similarly, antenna elements  120 A,  120 B, and  120 N in channel  104  can respectively be associated with LNAs  122 A,  122 B, and  122 N, phase shifters  124 A,  124 B,  124 N, and VGAs  126 A,  126 B, and  126 N; and antenna elements  128 A,  128 B, and  128 N in channel  106  can respectively be associated with LNAs  130 A,  130 B, and  130 N, phase shifters  132 A,  132 B,  132 N, and VGAs  134 A,  134 B, and  134 N. 
     The LNAs ( 114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N) can amplify the one or more signals received from their associated antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N). For example, each LNA ( 114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N) can receive a signal from an associated antenna element ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) and boost the signal to a particular level to overcome any noise of the following circuits or components (e.g., variable phase shifters  116 A-N,  124 A-N,  132 A-N and VGAs  118 A-N,  126 A-N,  134 A-N). 
     The phase shifters ( 116 A-N,  124 A-N,  132 A-N) can receive the boosted analog signals from the LNAs ( 114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N) and perform invariable phase shifting or invariable time delays to the boosted analog signals to generate respective analog steering signal patterns. The signal pattern from each channel  102 ,  104 ,  106  can be steered in a particular direction. In some cases, the signal pattern for each channel  102 ,  104 ,  106  can be steered in a same direction to generate a channel pattern reflected by the steering of each channel in the same direction. 
     The VGAs ( 118 A-N,  126 A-N,  134 A-N) can then adjust the gain of the output signals from the phase shifters ( 116 A-N,  124 A-N,  132 A-N) to compensate for variable losses and/or match the signals to a full-scale input of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)  108 A-N in the multi-channel RX array system  100 . The ADCs  108 A-N can receive the output analog (steered) signal pattern from the channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  and digitize the signals to generate digitized signals  140 A-N representing the analog signal or channel pattern produced by the channels  102 ,  104 ,  106 . 
     Each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can be associated with a specific ADC ( 108 A-N) configured to digitize the output analog signal from that channel. For example, channel  102  can be associated with ADC  108 A, which can digitize signals from channel  102 ; channel  104  can be associated with ADC  108 B, which can digitize signals from channel  104 ; and channel  106  can be associated with ADC  108 N, which can digitize signals from channel  106 . 
     The digitized signals  140 A-N are then processed by a digital signal processing system  110  configured to digitally steer the digitized signals  140 A-N and generate an output digital beam  160  steered in any particular direction. In some cases, the output digital beam  160  can be steered within or on top of the channel pattern produced by the channels  102 ,  104 ,  106 . In some cases, the output digital beam  160  and/or the channel pattern can have a circular or pseudo-circular shape. Moreover, in some cases, the output digital beam  160  can have a same or similar shape as other output beams generated by the multi-channel RX array system  100 , which can be tiled within the channel pattern. For example, the output digital beam  160  can have the same or similar shape as other output beams, all of which can be tiled (via beamforming/beamsteering) to fit together within the channel pattern without leaving gaps and/or overlapping. 
     The digital signal processing system  110  can include, for example, one or more circuits, one or more processing devices, one or more printed circuit boards, one or more controllers, one or more software and/or hardware modules, etc. For example, the digital signal processing system  110  can include a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or the like. Moreover, the digital signal processing system  110  can implement beamformers configured to digitally steer the digitized signals  140 A-N and generate the output digital beam  160 . 
     The digital signal processing system  110  can form and steer the output digital beam  160  by applying a phase shifting value and/or time delay to the digitized signals  140 A-N. For example, in some cases, the digital signal processing system  110  can combine and/or apply respective steering and correction coefficients to the digitized signals  140 A-N to generate the output digital beam  160 . 
     The output digital beam  160  can correspond to one or more channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) and can have a particular digital signal pattern. In some cases, the digital signal processing system  110  can steer the output digital beam  160  in any particular direction to generate a particular digital signal pattern for the channels  102 ,  104 , and/or  106 , which can be directed or aimed at one or more targets (or objectives), such as an intended target object(s), an unwanted target object or signal source, an interference source, etc. For example, the digital signal processing system  110  can generate output digital beams (e.g.,  160 ) with different signal patterns for the different channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  by steering the output digital beams in different directions. 
     To illustrate, digital signal processing system  110  can generate a digital beam ( 160 ) for channel  102 , which can be directed towards an intended target, such as an aircraft or any other object. The digital signal processing system  110  can generate a digital beam ( 160 ) for channel  104 , which can be directed towards an unwanted target, such as an aircraft or any other object, and digital signal processing system  110  can generate a digital beam ( 160 ) for channel  106  using null steering to cancel or null a source of noise, clutter, interference, etc. 
     In this way, the multi-channel RX array system  100  can perform analog steering to generate a channel or signal pattern(s) for one or more analog signals received by the multi-channel RX array system  100 , and digitally steer a digital beam (e.g.,  160 ) produced for one or more channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) in a particular direction within the overall channel or signal pattern(s) generated for the one or more analog signals received by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . In some cases, the output digital beam(s) associated with the different channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  can fit within the overall channel or signal pattern(s) generated for the one or more analog signals. Moreover, the output digital beam  160  can be more narrow than the analog signal pattern, which can allow the multi-channel RX array system  100  to see farther out and in a greater number of directions. 
     The combination of analog and digital beamsteering can allow the multi-channel RX array system  100  to generate an analog channel pattern with greater coverage, and digitally steer beams (using the different channels  102 ,  104 ,  106 ) within the channel pattern and/or over the solid angle of the channel pattern to achieve a larger/wider instantaneous field of view for detections and/or angle of arrivals, improved directivity, a reduction or nulling of unwanted signals or conditions (e.g., noise, interference, error, clutter, unwanted objects, etc.), a greater maximum range of detection for a longer period of time, etc. Moreover, the use of digital steering can allow the multi-channel RX array system  100  to look in all or a large number of directions for a longer period of time, while the use of analog steering can provide cost, power and complexity savings, while achieving better performance with a smaller number of channels. 
     The multiple channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  allow the multi-channel RX array system  100  to operate in clutter, nulling out clutter that appears in the same range and doppler bins as a target of interest and enabling the multi-channel RX array system  100  to keep the signal for the target of interest clean. In some cases, more nulls may be needed in the azimuth case or dimension, which can have two directions in which clutter can simultaneously appear in the same range and doppler bin, as opposed to the elevation case or dimension, where there is typically only one point where clutter will enter a certain range and doppler bin. Accordingly, in some cases, the multi-channel RX array system  100  may implement more channels in the azimuth dimension than the horizontal dimension. 
     For example, assume the number n of nulls that can be steered along an axis is equal to c−1, where c represents the number of channels along the axis. This means that at least three channels may be needed in the azimuth case to null out clutter. However, in some cases, increasing the number of channels can result in more effective nulling and clutter cancellation. Accordingly, in some configurations, the multi-channel RX array system  100  may implement more than three channels. 
     Moreover, the multi-channel design of the multi-channel RX array system  100 , where each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) has a plurality of antenna elements, can be tiled so the channel shapes can fit together without leaving gaps and/or overlapping, and while in some cases having the same or similar shape. Further, in some cases, with the weighting of signals, the arrangement of the array may be circular or partly circular. Accordingly, in such cases, the overall Rx pattern can be designed to be circular or partly circular. In some cases, some or all of the channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  can have a diamond shape, an elliptical shape, a tiled arrangement, a circular shape, a partly circular shape, a tillable shape, a same shape, one or more different shapes, and/or any other shape. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example design  200  of beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218 . In this example, the beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210  are generated at time t 1  and fit within channel pattern  204 A. In some cases, the channel pattern  204 A can represent an overall or summed multi-channel pattern generated by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . As illustrated, the design  200  allows the different beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218  to fit within the channel patterns  204 A-N without leaving gaps and/or overlapping. 
     The beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210  can represent signal patterns or shapes generated using the different channels  102 ,  104 ,  106 . For example, the beam shape  206  can represent a signal or pattern generated using channel  102 , the beam shape  208  can represent a signal or pattern generated using channel  104 , and the beam shape  210  can represent a signal or pattern generated using channel  106 . 
     Similarly, the beam shapes  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218  can represent signal patterns generated using the different channels  102 ,  104 ,  106 . For example, the beam shape  212  can represent a signal or pattern generated at time t 2  using channel  102 ,  104 , or  106 ; the beam shape  214  can represent a signal or pattern generated at time t 2  using channel  102 ,  104 , or  106 ; the beam shape  216  can represent a signal or pattern generated at time t 3  using channel  102 ,  104 , or  106 ; and the beam shape  218  can represent a signal or pattern generated at time t 3  using channel  102 ,  104 , or  106 . 
     In some cases, the beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218  and/or the channel patterns  204 A-N can have a same or similar shape. For example, in some configurations, the beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218  and/or the channel patterns  204 A-N can have a same circular or pseudo/partly circular shape. Moreover, the beam shapes  206 ,  208 ,  210 ,  212 ,  214 ,  216 ,  218  can fit (or can be tiled) within the channel patterns  204 A-N, enabling greater signal directivity and a larger instantaneous field of view within the overall channel pattern. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a chart  300  plotting example patterns generated by the multi-channel RX array system  100  along a first axis  310  representing angle values and a second axis  312  representing magnitudes. The multi-channel RX array system  100  can generate the channel pattern  302  using analog beamforming, and form the digital beams  304 - 308  over the channel pattern  302  using digital beamforming. As illustrated, the digital beams  304 - 308  are more narrow than the shapes of the channel pattern  302 , allowing the multi-channel RX array system  100  to see farther out with the digital beams  304 - 308  than the analog beam (e.g.,  302 ). 
     In this example, the shapes of the digital beams  304 - 308  and the channel pattern  302  are semi-circular. Moreover, the digital beams  304 - 308  can be formed to fit within the channel pattern  302 . For example, the digital beams  304 - 308  from channel  102  are digitally formed/steered within different regions of the different shapes in the channel pattern  302 , the digital beams  304 - 308  from the channel  104  are digitally formed/steered within different regions of the different shapes in the channel pattern  302 , and the digital beams  304 - 308  from the channel  106  are digitally formed/steered within yet different regions of the different shapes in the channel pattern  302 . 
     Moreover, the digital beams  304 - 308  can be directed towards different targets such as intended targets, unwanted targets, sources of noise or interference, etc. For example, digital beams  304  can represent nulls directed to sources of interference or noise through digital null steering, digital beams  306  can represent beams digitally steered toward intended targets such as an aircraft or any other object, and digital beams  308  can represent beams digital steered toward unwanted targets (e.g., an unwanted aircraft or any other unwanted object) or different intended targets. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates example patterns generated by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . In this example, the multi-channel RX array system  100  can generate a channel pattern  400  formed by analog beamforming, and digital beams  402  and  404  representing different beam patterns generated by digital beamforming using multiple channels (e.g.,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ). The channel pattern  400  can represent an analog beam or sum beam generated by one or more channels (e.g.,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ) in the multi-channel RX array system  100 . 
     As illustrated in this example, the digital beams  402  and  404  are steered in different directions within the channel pattern  400  and towards different targets. For example, digital beam  402  is formed at a particular time within the channel pattern  400  and digitally steered toward a first target  406 . Moreover, digital beam  406  is formed at a given time within the channel pattern  400  and digitally steered toward a second target  410 , and digital beam  404  is a null formed at a particular time within the channel pattern  400  and digital steered (e.g., via digital null steering) toward a source of noise/interference  408 .) 
     The multiple channels (e.g.,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ), the channel pattern  400 , and the digital beams  402 ,  404  allow the multi-channel RX array system  100  to operate in clutter, nulling out clutter (e.g.,  408 ) that appears within the same or similar range and/or doppler bins as a target of interest and allowing the signal for the target of interest to remain clean. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates an example configuration  500  of a TX array system  502  for steering and transmitting signals. The TX array system  502  can transmit beams formed with a particular shape(s) and steered in a particular direction(s). The transmitted beams can be reflected from one or more objects and the returned signals can be received by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . 
     In this example, the TX array system  502  can include a TX channel  504  defined by a group of antenna elements  506 A-N and a group of components ( 508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 ) for beamforming. The group of components can include, for example, LNAs  508 , phase shifters  510 , VGAs  512  and one or more beamformer elements  514 . 
     The signal from each antenna element  506 A-N in the TX channel  504  can be fed through a respective LNA  508 . The LNA  508  can amplify or boost the signal to a particular level to overcome any noise of the following circuits or components. A respective phase shifter  510  can perform invariable phase shifting or invariable time delay on the amplified signal, and a VGA  512  can adjust the gain of the output from the phase shifter  510  to compensate for variable losses. The resulting signals from each antenna element  506 A-N can be summed by a beamformer element  514  to produce a beam  516  that is steered in a particular direction. The beam  516  can have a particular beam pattern having one or more specific shapes. 
     In some cases, the TX array system  502  can be configured to produce a beam pattern having the same (or similar) size and shape as the channel pattern (e.g.,  204 A-N,  302 ,  400 ) produced by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . Having the same or similar transmit beam pattern as the receive beam pattern can ensure that all (or almost all) of the energy transmitted by the TX array system  502  is received back by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . Moreover, gain can be maximized when each RX channel (e.g.,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ) is matched to the TX channel  504 . Accordingly, in some implementations, the TX array can have a similar or same size and shape as the RX channels (e.g.,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ) so the power transmitted can be retrieved by the multi-channel RX array system  100 . 
     In some aspects, the transmit beam pattern (e.g.,  516 ) can be configured to be a wide beam in order to illuminate a large area. In some cases, the transmit beam pattern (e.g.,  516 ) can be as wide (or similarly wide) as the channel pattern produced by the multi-channel RX array system  100  after performing analog beamforming. Thus, the trasnsmit beam  516  can illuminate a large area, which allows the multi-channel RX array system  100  to scan over the large area to recapture any information from that area. 
       FIG.  6 A  illustrates an array configuration  600  of antenna elements  604 . The array configuration  600  includes a perimeter  602  around an array of antenna elements  604  to depict a resulting oval shape of the array configuration  600 . The antenna elements  604  can be spaced within one or more distances d of each other. In some implementations, the antenna elements  604  can be tiled to fit together without overlapping. 
     In other implementations, the array of antenna elements  604  can have a different configuration and/or shape, such as a square shape, a rectangular shape, a circular shape, a semi or pseudo circular shape, a trapezoidal shape, or any other symmetric or asymmetric shape. For example,  FIG.  6 B  illustrates another array configuration  610  of antenna elements  604  which includes a perimeter  612  around an array of antenna elements  604  to depict a resulting rectangular shape of the array configuration  610 . The antenna elements  604  can be spaced within one or more distances d of each other. In some implementations, the antenna elements  604  can be tiled to fit together without overlapping. 
     The array configuration  600  shown in  FIG.  6 A  and the array configuration  610  shown in  FIG.  6 B  can be implemented by the multi-channel RX array system  100  and/or the TX array system  500 . For example, the array configuration  600  or the array configuration  610  can be used to configure the size, shape, arrangement, etc., of antenna elements in the channels  102 ,  104 ,  106  of the multi-channel RX array system  100  and/or the TX channel  504  of the TX array system  500 . 
     Other array configurations are also contemplated herein. For example,  FIG.  6 C  illustrates an example rectangular grid  615  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a four element rectangular channel. The grid  615  illustrates a position of each of the four antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 D  illustrates an example rectangular grid  630  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in an eight element rectangular channel. The grid  630  illustrates a position of each of the eight antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 E  illustrates an example rectangular grid  635  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a twelve element rectangular channel. The grid  635  illustrates a position of each of the twelve antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 F  illustrates an example rectangular grid  640  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a sixteen element rectangular channel. The grid  640  illustrates a position of each of the sixteen antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 G  illustrates an example rectangular grid  645  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a twenty element rectangular channel. The grid  645  illustrates a position of each of the twenty antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 H  illustrates an example rectangular grid  650  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a twenty-four element rectangular channel. The grid  640  illustrates a position of each of the twenty-four antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 I  illustrates an example triangular grid  655  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a four element triangular channel. The grid  655  illustrates a position of each of the four antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 J  illustrates an example triangular grid  660  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in an eight element triangular channel. The grid  660  illustrates a position of each of the eight antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 K  illustrates an example triangular grid  665  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a twelve element triangular channel. The grid  665  illustrates a position of each of the twelve antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 L  illustrates an example triangular grid  670  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a sixteen element triangular channel. The grid  670  illustrates a position of each of the sixteen antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 M  illustrates an example triangular grid  675  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a twenty element triangular channel. The grid  675  illustrates a position of each of the twenty antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
       FIG.  6 N  illustrates an example triangular grid  680  depicting a configuration of antenna elements  604  in a twenty-four element triangular channel. The grid  680  illustrates a position of each of the twenty-four antenna elements  604  along a horizontal plane  620  (X) and a vertical plane  625  (Y) and a spacing between the antenna elements  604 . 
     Having disclosed example system components and concepts, the disclosure now turns to the example method for combining digital and analog beamsteering in a channelized antenna array (e.g.,  100 ), as shown in  FIG.  7   . For the sake of clarity, the method is described with reference to the multi-channel RX array system  100  shown in  FIG.  1   . The steps outlined herein are examples and can be implemented in any combination thereof, including combinations that exclude, add, or modify certain steps. 
     At step  702 , the method can include receiving one or more signals at each of a plurality of groups of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N), each group of antenna elements defining a respective channel from a plurality of channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ). In some cases, receiving the one or more signals can include receiving at least one signal at each antenna element ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) in each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ). 
     In some aspects, the groups of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) and the channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can be part of a multi-channel RX array system ( 100 ). Moreover, the plurality of groups of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N), the plurality of channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) and/or the multi-channel RX array system ( 100 ) can be part of a radar system or device. 
     In some examples, the group of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) associated with each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can include at least two different antenna elements. In other examples, the group of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) associated with each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can include more or less than two different antenna elements. 
     In some aspects, each respective channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) can include a group of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N), phase shifters (e.g.,  116 A-N,  124 A-N, or  132 A-N) and amplifier elements (e.g.,  114 A-N,  122 A-N, or  130 A-N and/or  118 A-N,  126 A-N, or  134 A-N). For example, channel  102  can include antenna elements  114 A-N, phase shifters  116 A-N, and amplifier elements  114 A-N and  118 A-N; channel  104  can include antenna elements  120 A-N, phase shifters  124 A-N, and amplifier elements  122 A-N and  126 A-N; and channel  106  can include antenna elements  128 A-N, phase shifters  132 A-N, and amplifier elements  130 A-N and  134 A-N. 
     Moreover, each antenna element from the group of antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) can be associated with a specific phase shifter and at least one amplifier element. To illustrate using antenna elements  112 A-N in channel  102  as an example, antenna element  112 A can be associated with (e.g., can implement, can be electrically coupled with, etc.) phase shifter  116 A and amplifier elements  114 A and  118 A, while antenna element  112 B is instead associated with phase shifter  116 B and amplifier elements  114 B and  118 B and antenna element  112 N is associated with phase shifter  116 N and amplifier elements  114 N and  118 N. In some cases, the at least one amplifier element can include a low-noise amplifier (e.g.,  114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N) and a variable-gain amplifier (e.g.,  118 A-N,  126 A-N,  134 A-N). 
     At step  704 , the method can include steering, by each respective channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) and using analog steering, the one or more signals in a respective direction to yield a steered analog signal pattern. In some cases, the method can include steering each channel&#39;s ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) signal in a same direction using analog steering and/or beamforming to generate a steered analog signal pattern. 
     In some aspects, steering the one or more signals can include, at each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ), applying, to each signal received at each antenna element ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N) in the channel, a low-noise amplifier ( 114 A-N,  122 A-N,  130 A-N) associated with that antenna element to yield a modified signal; at each channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ), applying, to the modified signal, the phase shifter associated with the antenna element in the channel to yield a second modified signal; applying, to the second modified signal, the variable-gain amplifier associated with the antenna element in the channel to yield a third modified signal; and performing a summation of the third modified signal associated with each antenna element in the channel to yield an output representing the steered analog signal pattern. 
     At step  706 , the method can include converting (e.g., using ADCs  108 A-N) the steered analog signal pattern associated with each respective channel ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) into a respective digital signal ( 140 A-N). For example, the method can include receiving the steered analog signal pattern associated with each channel and digitizing the steered analog signal using an ADC (e.g.,  108 A,  108 B,  108 N). 
     At step  708 , the method can include, based on the respective digital signal ( 140 A-N), generating, using digital steering (e.g., via digital signal processing system  110 ), one or more steered digital signal patterns ( 160 ), the one or more steered digital signal patterns being steered within the steered analog signal pattern associated with the respective digital signal ( 140 A-N). In some cases, generating the one or more steered digital signal patterns can include using the plurality of channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) to form and/or steer respective digital beams in different directions. For example, channel  102  can be used to steer a digital beam in one direction while simultaneously using channels  104  and  106  to steer other digital beams in other directions. 
     In some aspects, generating the one or more steered digital signal patterns can include steering, based on the respective digital signal associated with at least one of the plurality of channels (e.g., channel  102 ), one or more nulls in one or more directions associated with a source of interference and/or an unwanted target, and steering a plurality of digital signals associated with a set of channels (e.g., channels  104  and  106 ) from the plurality of channels. In some cases, the one or more directions can be steered at least partly within the steered analog signal pattern and the plurality of digital signals can be steered in one or more different directions associated with one or more targets. 
     In some examples, steering the at least one of the plurality of digital signals and the one or more nulls can be based on data collected via at least one of the plurality of channels. Moreover, in some cases, at least a portion of the data can be obtained or collected from at least one of the one or more signals received at each of the plurality of groups of antenna elements (e.g.,  112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N). 
     For example, the multi-channel RX array system  100  can collect data from signals received by one or more of the channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) and/or antenna elements ( 112 A-N,  120 A-N,  128 A-N), and use the collected data to determine where or how to steer one or more of the plurality of digital signals. The collected data can be used to identify potential targets, unwanted targets, sources of interference, clutter, potential directions for steering, characteristics of an area covered or illuminated by the signals received by the multi-channel RX array system  100  and used to collect the data, etc. This information can be used to tailor, fine tune, determine, or optimize the directions and patterns of the digital beams. 
     In some examples, generating one or more steered digital signal patterns can include generating a plurality of steered digital beams (e.g.,  160 ), where each of the plurality of steered digital beams is associated with one or more channels ( 102 ,  104 ,  106 ) and each of the plurality of steered digital beams is steered in a different direction within the steered analog signal pattern. 
     In some cases, the plurality of channels can have a tiled arrangement such that all of the plurality of channels fit together within the overall design without overlapping. In some implementations, at least some of the plurality of channels can have a circular shape, a partly circular shape, a same shape, a tillable shape, a diamond shape, an elliptical shape, one or more different shapes, and/or any other shape. Moreover, in some implementations, the plurality of channels can include at least three channels. 
     In some aspects, steering the one or more signals in the respective direction to yield the steered analog signal pattern can include steering one or more nulls in one or more directions associated with a source of interference and/or an unwanted target, the one or more directions being at least partly within the steered analog signal pattern; and steering a plurality of analog signals associated with a set of channels from the plurality of channels, the plurality of analog signals being steered in one or more different directions associated with one or more targets. 
     Also, in some examples, steering the plurality of analog signals and/or the one or more nulls can be based on data collected via at least one of the plurality of channels. In some cases, at least a portion of the data can be collected from at least one of the one or more signals received at each of the plurality of groups of antenna elements. 
     In some aspects, the method can further include transmitting one or more beams via a TX array system (e.g.,  502 ). In some cases, the one or more beams transmitted can be formed and shaped to have a same or similar size, shape and/or pattern as the steered analog signal pattern so the multi-channel RX array system ( 100 ) can retrieve all or most of the power transmitted by the TX array system. 
     The disclosure now turns to  FIG.  8   , which illustrates an example computing system architecture including various hardware components which can be implemented with a radar device, antenna system and/or any other computing device to perform computing operations. 
     In this example,  FIG.  8    illustrates a computing system architecture for an example computing system  800 , including components in electrical communication with each other using a connection  805 , such as a bus. System  800  includes a processing unit (CPU or processor)  810  and a system connection  805  that couples various system components including the system memory  815 , such as read only memory (ROM)  820  and random access memory (RAM)  825 , to the processor  810 . The system  800  can include a cache of high-speed memory connected directly with, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of the processor  810 . The system  800  can copy data from the memory  815  and/or the storage device  830  to the cache  812  for quick access by the processor  810 . In this way, the cache can provide a performance boost that avoids processor  810  delays while waiting for data. These and other modules can control or be configured to control the processor  810  to perform various actions. Other system memory  815  may be available for use as well. 
     The memory  815  can include multiple different types of memory with different performance characteristics. The processor  810  can include any general purpose processor and a hardware or software service, such as service 1  832 , service 2  834 , and service 3  836  stored in storage device  830 , configured to control the processor  810  as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. The processor  810  may be a completely self-contained computing system, containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor may be symmetric or asymmetric. 
     To enable user interaction with the computing device  800 , an input device  845  can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech and so forth. An output device  835  can also be one or more of a number of output mechanisms known to those of skill in the art. In some instances, multimodal systems can enable a user to provide multiple types of input to communicate with the computing device  800 . The communications interface  840  can generally govern and manage the user input and system output. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement and therefore the basic features here may be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed. 
     Storage device  830  is a non-volatile memory and can be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which can store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, random access memories (RAMs)  825 , read only memory (ROM)  820 , and hybrids thereof. 
     The storage device  830  can include services  832 ,  834 ,  836  for controlling the processor  810 . Other hardware or software modules are contemplated. The storage device  830  can be connected to the system connection  805 . In one aspect, a hardware module that performs a particular function can include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as the processor  810 , connection  805 , output device  835 , and so forth, to carry out the function. 
     For clarity of explanation, in some instances the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks including functional blocks comprising devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software. 
     In some embodiments the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories can include a cable or wireless signal containing a bit stream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se. 
     Methods according to the above-described examples can be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer readable media. Such instructions can comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used can be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and/or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on. 
     Devices implementing methods according to these disclosures can comprise hardware, firmware and/or software, and can take any of a variety of form factors. Typical examples of such form factors include laptops, smart phones, small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rackmount devices, standalone devices, and so on. Functionality described herein also can be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality can also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example. 
     The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are means for providing the functions described in these disclosures. 
     Although a variety of examples and other information was used to explain aspects within the scope of the appended claims, no limitation of the claims should be implied based on particular features or arrangements in such examples, as one of ordinary skill would be able to use these examples to derive a wide variety of implementations. Further and although some subject matter may have been described in language specific to examples of structural features and/or method steps, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to these described features or acts. For example, such functionality can be distributed differently or performed in components other than those identified herein. Rather, the described features and steps are disclosed as examples of components of systems and methods within the scope of the appended claims. 
     Claim language reciting “at least one of” refers to at least one of a set and indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” means A, B, or A and B. In other words, claim language reciting “at least one of a first element and a second element” means a first element and/or a second element.